SCIENTIFIC LIBRARY
TART
number.7492 Date
138-18 g
Shelf number
Chele?
3 & 4 Sheldon
From whom....
Invoice Price,
8.600 en
$
Cost:
Rebinding,
PARKE, DAVIS & CO.,
DETROIT,
MICHIGAN.
1817
us
ARTES
SCIENTIA
LIBRARY VERITAS
OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
TUEBOR
SI QUÆRIS PENINSULAM.AMCENAM
CIRCUMSPICE
EWUWD.
THE GIFT OF
PARKE, DAVIS AND COMPANY
60

DON'S
GARDIONERS
DICTIONARY

911
138
al

A
GENERAL HISTORY
OF THE
DICHLAMYD EOUS PLANTS,
COMPRISING COMPLETE
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DIFFERENT ORDERS;
TOGETHER WITH THE
CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA AND SPECIES, AND AN ENUMERATION OF THE CULTIVATED VARIETIES;
THEIR PLACES OF GROWTH, TIME OF FLOWERING, MODE OF CULTURE, AND
USES IN MEDICINE AND DOMESTIC ECONOMY;
THE SCIENTIFIC NAMES ACCENTUATED, THEIR ETYMOLOGIES EXPLAINED, AND THE CLASSES AND ORDERS
ILLUSTRATED BY ENGRAVINGS,
AND PRECEDED BY INTRODUCTIONS TO THE LINNEAN AND NATURAL SYSTEMS,
AND A GLOSSARY OF THE TERMS USED:
THE WHOLE
ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE NATURAL SYSTEM.
BY GEORGE DON, F.L.S.
IN FOUR VOLUMES.
Vol. I.—THALAMIFLORÆ.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR J. G. AND F. RIVINGTON; J. AND W. T. CLARKE ; LONGMAN AND CO.; T. CADELL; J. RICHARDSON ; JEFFERY
AND SON; BALDWIN AND CRADOCK; J. BOOKER; J. BOOTH; HARVEY AND DARTON; S. BAGSTER; SHERWOOD AND CO.;
HARDING AND LEPARD; J. F. SETCHEL; WHITTAKER AND CO.; SIMPKIN AND MARSHALL; AND E. HODGSON.
MDCCCXXXI.

Museums
QR
97
D67
v/
LONDON:
GILBERT & RIVINGTON, PRINTERS,
ST. JOHN'S SQUARE.

Eift
Parke Davis&co.
12 - 18-1234
4.
Trany. To
Museums
7-14-61
INTRODUCTION.
In consequence of the increasing demand which has for some time existed for standard works
upon BOTANY, HORTICULTURE, and AGRICULTURE, occasioned by the growing taste of the
age for the study of these sciences, the proprietors of “ MILLER'S GARDENER'S AND
BOTANIST'S DICTIONARY” have caused to be prepared the “ GENERAL SYSTEM OF GAR-
DENING AND BOTANY” contained in the following pages, which, together with the infor-
mation comprised in the Dictionary of MILLER, will combine the improvements and dis-
coveries which the labours of modern writers have so amply contributed to the advancement
of these sciences.
01-4-35 maw
In the formation of this work it was found necessary to deviate from the alpha-
betical arrangement adopted in the Dictionary of MILLER, in consequence of the numerous
and almost daily changes which have taken place in the Botanical Nomenclature of late
years, which have rendered that arrangement wholly useless as a mode of reference. It
only remained, therefore, to choose between the Linnæan artificial method, and the Natural
System of Jussieu ; but the numerous advantages of the latter, particularly in an extensive
work like the present, were too apparent to leave any doubt in the mind of the Editor
as to which he ought to adopt. In a work, professedly intended to form a Complete
System of Vegetables, including the practical parts of Gardening and Agriculture, that
plan of arrangement must undoubtedly be the best which brings under one view the genera
and species of plants according to their relations of affinity, and therefore of their pro-
perties. In the Linnean artificial method, it often happens, that genera, intimately related,
are separated far apart into different classes and orders, merely on account of the difference
in the number of their stamens and pistils; a circumstance now found in many instances
scarcely to be of sufficient importance, even to separate species, still less genera ; and with
regard to an alphabetical arrangement, it must be evident to every one conversant with the sub-
ject, that it cannot be employed with advantage in any branch of Natural History. The plan
of the present work is founded on that of M. de Candolle, in his invaluable works entitled
Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale and Prodromus, with such alterations as were rendered
necessary by the rapid increase of science, and with numerous additions of new genera and
species, amounting to more than a third of those enumerated by that learned botanist ; so that,
when finished, the work will be found to be the most complete system of Vegetables yet
A 2

iy
INTRODUCTION.
published; comprehending, besides all the genera and species which have been published
up to the present time, descriptions of numerous plants never before published, and derived
chiefly from the Lambertian Herbarium. The characters of all the genera and species are
derived either from the plants themselves, or from the original authorities where authentic
specimens could not be procured.
The object of the present work is to give a complete history and description of every
species of plant hitherto known, in an easy and intelligible form, so as to enable even
beginners in the science to understand it fully, and to ascertain without difficulty not only
the name and history, but also the characters and affinities of any genus or species, together
with its properties and best modes of culture and propagation.
The first two pages
of the present volume contain an outline of the System, with explanatory drawings
by Mr. Hart, engraved on wood by Mr. Sly; and a complete account of each order
will be found in its proper place, illustrated also by drawings; while the peculiar
features which separate the different families, genera, and species from each other have
been carefully pointed out, with their respective qualities and properties. A synopsis
of the genera, with their essential characters, follows the description of each order,
and where the genera are numerous, they have been divided into tribes, which will
greatly assist the reader in his examination of them. In a subsequent part of the work,
a full and comprehensive description of each genus will be found, including the de-
rivation of the names; and when these are derived from the Greek language, the original
is given both in Greek and Roman letters, for the assistance of such of our readers as are
unacquainted with the Greek characters. The proper accentuation of each name is also
given. Where the species are numerous, they have, for the sake of convenience, been
distributed into sections marked thus, Sect. I. Sect. II. &c.; they are occasionally divided
again into subsections, marked thus, $ 1., $ 2., &c. : and sometimes they are still further distin-
guished by sub-divisions marked by stars, thus, * ** signifying 1, 2, &c. The names of the
species are given with their original authorities, which are followed by their distinguishing
characters, and with the usual signs indicative of the habit or duration of each species,
whether tree, shrub, perennial, biennial, or annual ; their habitation in the garden, whether
hardy, frame, greenhouse, or stove, &c.; their native countries, and, as far as possible, the
districts in which they are found, are noticed; followed by the synonymes, and any other
particulars which are likely to assist the student, such as the colour of the flower, &c.
The description of each species is followed by a line containing the literal translation of
the name in italic characters, and the English name (where such exists); the time of flower-
ing; and the date of the introduction of such as are grown in the British gardens ; the height
to which the plant, shrub, or tree commonly grows, and if a climber or twiner ; thus :
Long-leaved Rock-rose. Fl. June, August. Cit. 1790. Shrub 3 feet high.
a

INTRODUCTION.
V
The culture and propagation is given at the end of each genus, while the culinary and
agricultural plants, and those employed in medicine or used for economical purposes,
together with the fruits, are treated at large under their respective species.
According to the system now universally followed of natural affinity, all plants are
separated into two great divisions, namely, the Vasculares and Cellulares. The first of these
divisions is again separated into two classes, the Dicotyledonea and the Monocotyledonea,
distinctions which refer to the number of cotyledons of the embryo. The second division
also comprehends two classes, the Foliacee and the Aphylle, characterised, as their names
import, by their leafy or leafless habit. The first class, Dicotyledonee, is divided into four
subclasses, namely, the Thalamiflora, Calyciflora, Corolliflore, and Monochlamydee ; of
which the three first are distinguished by a double floral envelope, that is, by their flowers
having both a calyx and corolla ; and also by the insertion or situation of the stamens; while
the fourth is distinguished by a simple floral envelope, which, by later writers, has been
denominated a perianth, and frequently rivals a corolla in its colour. For farther details
on these points the reader is referred to the first pages of the present volume. In the sub-
class Thalamiflore the orders or families are subdivided into four groups or sections,
depending on the number of the carpels and the situation of the placentas, see pages 2.
127. 379. and 814 of the present volume. By attending to these particulars the student will
readily acquire a knowledge of the class, subclass, order, genus, and, finally, the species, to
which any plant belongs. A beginner should first ascertain the volume comprising the sub-
class in which the plant he wishes to know is included, by dissecting a flower and observing
the situation or insertion of the stamens ; as, for instance, if a plant belongs to the Dicoty-
ledonea, and possesses both calyx and corolla, and has its stamens inserted in the receptacle,
the plant will be found in the First Volume; if the stamens are fixed in the calyx, or in
a disk which adheres to the calyx, in the Second Volume; if in the tube of the corolla, in
the Third Volume, which will also contain those plants possessing a simple floral envelope,
with the stamens inserted in it. The second class, Monocotyledonea, comprising the Grasses,
Reeds, Palms, Lilies, Pine-apples, Orchideous and Scitamineous plants, and all those having
the veins of their leaves simple (see page 1. f. 1. 7-8.) and not branched, as in the Dicoty-
ledoneæ (see page 1. f. 1. 3.) will be found in the Fourth Volume; which will also
include the Ferns, the only family of the Cellulares, or Cryptogamia, which will be included
in the work. Therefore, when the name and history of any particular plant are wanted, the
grand division to which it belongs should be ascertained first ; next the class, sub-class,
order, and genus, and, finally, the species ; for which purpose the numerous wood-cuts
inserted throughout the work will be found of great assistance, as giving the peculiar features
of the plants contained in the different orders.

vi
INTRODUCTION.
Having thus endeavoured to give some idea of the nature of the arrangement adopted
in the following pages, it now only remains for us to point out the nature of those characters
on which the distinctions of ORDERS, GENERA, and SPECIES depend. The orders or families
are founded on the same principles as the genera, being merely genera of a more com-
prehensive nature, as a genus is a group of species having a close relationship or affinity to
each other, but whose characters are of a less important nature, than the order itself. When
the genera of a particular order are numerous, they have been grouped into sub-orders or
tribes, whose characters are of less importance than those of the orders, but greater
than those of the genera ; the characters on which all these are founded, are usually
derived from the fruit, flowers, and seed, and the appearance of the leaves, whether stipulate
or exstipulate, allernate, or opposite; but species differ from each other in the shape, nature,
or position of the leaves, petals, bracteas, &c., and in the situation and disposition of the
flowers. Genera, whereof the species are numerous, have been separated into sections and
.
divisions, which may be termed sub-genera, being distinguished by characters of a lesser
importance. Varieties are either minor distinctions depending upon soil, situation, habita-
tion, culture, or colour of the flowers, but when they possess features of a more permanent
nature they have been termed sub-species. Hybrids are plants arising from the commixture
of two species, and which by impregnation partake of the nature and properties of both
parents.
We shall conclude these introductory observations with an outline of the Linnæan
artificial method, a knowledge of which may be of advantage to some readers of the system,
as the Linnæan class and order are given at the beginning of each generic character in the
body of the work : and with instructions for the management of hothouse plants, &c.
INTRODUCTION TO THE ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM OF LINNÆUS.
CLASSES.
Class IV. TETRANDRIA (from Tet pas, four). Stamens
FIRST GRAND DIVISION.
four. Example Galium.
Class V. PENTANDRIA (from TTEVTE, five). Stamens
PLANTS with conspicuous flowers, that is to say, having five. Example Solanum.
the parts of fructification evident.
Class VI. HEXANDRIA (E, six). Stamens six. Ex-
§ 1. Flowers hermaphrodite.
ample Narcissus.
Class VII. HEPTANDRIA (from Étta, seven). Stamens
* Stamens not united.
seven. Example Æsculus.
Class I. MONANDRIA (from uovos, one, and avnp av-
Class VIII. OCTANDRIA (from Oktw, eight). Stamens
dpos, a male). Stamen one. Example Canna.
eight. Example Erica and Fuchsia.
Class II. DIANDRIA (from dis, twice). Stamens two. Class IX. ENNEANDRIA (from evvɛa, nine). Stamens
Example Veronica.
nine. Example Rheum.
Class III. TRIANDRIA (from tpels, three). Stamens Class X. DECANDRIA (from deka, ten). Stamens ten.
three. Example Crocus and Valeriana.
Example Rhododendron and Baptisia.

INTRODUCTION.
vii
Class XI. DODECANDRIA (from dwdeka, twelve). Sta-
yapos, a marriage). Male and female flowers on the same
mens twelve. Example Sempervivum.
or on different plants along with hermaphrodite ones.
Class XII. ICOSANDRIA (from elkovi, twenty). Stamens Examples Atriplex Acacia and Fraxinus.
indefinite, but usually twenty, inserted in the calyx.
SECOND GRAND DIVISION.
Examples Prunus and Pyrus.
Class XIII. POLYANDRIA (from tolv, many). Stamens
Plants with inconspicuous flowers, that is to say, with
indefinite, inserted in the receptacle. Examples Papaver the parts of fructification not evident.
and Ranunculus.
Class XXIV. CRYPTOGAMIA (from KPUTTOS, concealed,
Class XIV. DIDYNAMIA (from dis, twice, dvo, two, and
and
yapos, marriage). Reproductive organs hardly visible.
vnua, a filament). Stamens twice two, four, two long, Examples Polypodium, Hypnum, Jungermannia, Con-
and two short. Examples Lamium and Digitalis. ferva, Fucus, Lichen, Agaricus, &c.
Class XV. TETRADYNAMIA (from Tetpa, four, dvo, two,
and vnua, a filament). Stamens six, four long, and two
ORDERS.
νημα,
short. Examples Brassica and Sinapis.
Orders are principally formed from the number of styles,
as the Classes are from the number of stamens, especially
** Stamens united by the filaments.
those in the first thirteen Classes, viz. MONOGYNIA, from
Class XVI. MONADELPHIA (from povos, one, and
povos, one, and yuvn, a female, (and so on with the other
, ,
adelpos, a brother). Stamens united by the filaments in orders). Style one. DIGYNIA, Styles two. TRIGYNIA,
.
.
one body. Example Malva.
Styles three. TETRAGYNIA, Styles four. PENTAGYNIA,
Class XVII. DIADELPHIA (from dis, twice, and
dis, twice, and Styles five. HEXAGYNIA, Styles six. HEPTAGYNIA,
.
adelpos, a brother). Stamens united by the filaments Styles seven. OCTOGYNIA, Styles eight, &c. POLY-
into two bodies; in diadelphous pea-flowers the whole
GYNIA, Styles numerous.
are usually connected in one body, with a single one only
The 14th Class, DIDYNAMIA contains two orders; the
free. Examples Fumaria and Pisum.
first is called GYMNOSPERMIA (from youvos, naked, and
Class XVIII. POLYADELPHIA (from tolv, many, and
otepua, a seed). Seeds naked, not inclosed in a capsule.
adelpos, a brother). Stamens united by the filaments Example Lamium. The second ANGIOSPERMIA (from
into more than two bodies. Example Hypericum.
ayyalov, a vessel, and otepua, a seed). Seeds inclosed in
a capsule. Example Digitalis.
*** Stamens united by the anthers or tops into a The 15th Class, TETRADYNAMIA, also contains two
cylinder.
orders. First, SILIQUOSA (from siliqua, a long pod).
Class XIX. SYNGENESIA (from ouv, together, and
Pods long, as those of Sinapis and Brassica. The second
SILICULOSA (from silicula, a short pod). Pods short, as
Yeveris, origin; in allusion to the flowers rising from a
those of Lepidium and Biscutella.
common receptacle.) Example Leontodon.
The 16th, 17th, 18th, 20th, 21st, and 22nd classes have
** Stamens attached to, and standing upon the their order formed from the number of stamens, exactly
pistil.
upon the same principles as those of the first thirteen
Class XX. GYNANDRIA (from yuvn, a female, and avno,
classes, as MONANDRIA, DIANDRIA, TRIANDRIA, TE-
a male ; in allusion to the stamens being attached to the TRANDRIA, PENTANDRIA, HEXANDRIA, HEPTANDRIA,
pistil). Example Orchis.
OCTÀNDRIA, DECANDRIA, DODECANDRIA, and Po-
*
LYANDRIA.
§ 2. Flowers of distinct sexes.
The 19th class, SYNGENESIA, contains five orders.
Class XXI. MONECIA (from uovos, one, and OLKOS, First ÆQUALIS (from æqualis, equal). Florets of the
,
a house). Male and female flowers on the same plant. disk and ray all hermaphrodite. Second SUPERFLUA
Examples Begonia and Quercus."
(from superfluus, superfluous). Florets of the disk herma-
Class XXII. Diccia (from dis, twice, and Oikos, a phrodite, of the ray female. Third FRUSTRANEA (from
house). Male and female flowers on different plants. frustra, in vain). Florets of the disk fertile, of the ray
)
Examples Populus and Bryonia.
sterile. Fourth NECESSARIA (from necessarius, neces-
Class XXIII. POLYGAMIA (from tolv, many, and · sary). Florets of the ray female, of the disk male.
Fifth

viii
INTRODUCTION.
SEGREGATA (from segregatus, separated). Each floret EQUISETACEÆ, Horsetails. Example, Equisetum. Third,
having its own peculiar involucrum.
LYCOPODINEÆ, Club-mosses. Example, Lycopodium.
The 23rd class, POLYGAMIA, contains two orders, Fourth, MARSILEACEÆ. Examples, Isoetes and Pilularia.
formed exactly on the same principles as the 21st and Fifth, Musci, Mosses. Examples, Phascum Hypnum, &c.
22nd classes, called MONĘCIA and DIĘCIA.
Sixth, HEPATICÆ. Examples, Jangermannia and Mar-
The 24th class, CRYPTOGAMIA, contains nine orders, chantia. Seventh, ALGÆ, Sea-weeds. Examples, Exil-
chiefly formed from the reproductive organs, which it is un- aria, Nostoc, Conferva, Ulva, Sphærococcus, Fucus, &c.
necessary to describe here further than to give the names Eighth, LICHENES. Example, Lichens. Ninth, FUNGI.
and examples. First, FILICES, Ferns. Examples, Polypo- Examples, Agaricus, Clavaria, Morchella, Peziza, Sphe-
dium, Osmunda, Aneimia, Ophioglossum, &c. Second, ria, &c.
GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF PLANTS GROWN UNDER GLASS.
Although we have given an account of the propagation and culture of the various GENERA in the
body of the work, we think it expedient to describe the general management of ornamental plants
grown under glass, such as greenhouse, stove, or hothouse, as well as alpine plants.
a
1. Alpine plants are such as will not grow in the open ground to any perfection, and must
be protected during winter by a frame; they are mostly natives of high situations, among rocks
and on the tops of mountains, and consequently of low growth, seldom, if ever, exceeding six inches.
They should be grown in small pots, and will all thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, the
pots to be always well drained with potsherds; they should be shifted at least twice every season, and
divided if the plant has grown too large; the mould which has been shaken from the pots, if not ex-
hausted, to be mixed with new earth, and the plants potted afresh, after which they require a little
water. If these instructions are attended to, alpine plants will always look healthy and neat.
2. Greenhouse plants are such as are natives of the Canary Islands, New Holland, and the Cape of
Good Hope, and other countries in the same latitudes, which only require to be protected from frost in
this country; therefore they are kept under glass during the winter. No fire is requisite, unless
a strong frost is expected during the night. In winter they should have plenty of air given them
upon fine days, as early in the day as the weather will permit; the house to be shut up very early
in the afternoon, if cold. If the weather continues damp and wet, then a little fire is requisite to
expel the damp, as greenhouse plants are more likely to be injured by damp than cold. The plants
should be looked over every day, taking off any dead leaves, and watering those that are dry; this
should be done early in the forenoon, and if the surface of the mould in the pots becomes green, it should
be removed with a flat stick, but not so deep as to injure the roots, and a little fresh mould laid on
instead. Towards spring they require a more plentiful supply of air and water, and when frost is not
apprehended some of the sashes should be left a little open all night, and the air gradually admitted as
the weather advances towards summer, until the time of setting the plants out of doors: in some seasons
this may be about the middle of May, in others not until the end. Calm cloudy weather is the best
time for setting them out, when the most sheltered situation should be chosen, where a bed of ashes
should be previously prepared for them. There are various opinions as to the best time of shifting
greenhouse plants into fresh pots and mould, but we think that the earliest spring time should be pre-
a
a
1

INTRODUCTION.
ix
ferred; some shift them before they are set out of doors, some when they first set them out, others in
the autumn, which last time is of all the most improper. The pots should be always well drained with
sherds. If any of the plants have grown too straggling or tall, they should be cut back early in the
spring, that they may become good bushy plants before autumn. In summer, while the plants are out of
doors, if the weather is dry, they should be regularly and plentifully supplied with water, as late as possible
every afternoon. The mould intended for shifting or potting off plants should never be sifted, but
merely chopped up finely with a spade with the turf, for the turf and its roots are the best parts of the
mould, keeping the soil light and loose, and allowing the roots of the plants to spread and the water to
penetrate ; sifted mould, on the other hand, hardens and becomes sour. The cuttings of greenhouse
plants require to be put in at various seasons. From Christmas to the end of May is generally the best
time, but this will depend entirely upon the state of the shoots required to make cuttings; for instance,
if the cuttings require to be ripened, they should be planted early in the spring; but if they require
to be young, the time to plant them is when the shoots have grown a sufficient length for that purpose.
In potting off plants raised from cuttings, care is requisite not to injure the young fibres ; at first they
should be placed in very small pots, and afterwards shifted into pots of increasing size, as they grow, but
care should be taken not to plant them in too large pots, or to give them too much water. The seeds of
greenhouse plants should always be sown in pots as early as possible in the spring, placed in a little bottom
heat; and the seedlings should be potted off separately when they have grown about an inch in height.
a
3. Frame plants require exactly the same treatment as greenhouse plants, excepting that they do not
require any fire during winter, but only to be protected by mats from the frost.
4. Stove plants are such as are natives within the tropics, therefore require a great degree of heat
and plenty of moisture at certain seasons of the year. They are usually of easy culture. The house in
which they are grown should be very closely glazed, in order that the temperature may be very regular
during winter, or in cold windy nights. The temperature of the house should never be allowed to fall
below 60° of Fahrenheit in winter; and in fine days, when it rises to 70', a little air may be given ; but
early in the afternoon it should be shut up close. Formerly the pots of stove plants were plunged in
tan, but this method is now entirely exploded, and a bed of gravel or sand is substituted, which is
greatly preferable for the health of the plants, as well as the diminution of expense. The houses may
be either heated with hot water, or with steam conveyed through pipes, or by means of fires; but we
consider the two first methods preferable, as giving a more congenial heat. As stove plants are apt to
be infested by insects, such as the green fly, the red spider, and the mealy bug, the first may be de-
stroyed by the smoke of tobacco, the second by sulphur-vivum, mixed up in a pail of quick lime, with
which the flues should be washed all over, which is a certain means of exterminating them. The mealy
bug and scaly bug are only to be got rid of by removing them with a small hair brush; for this
purpose the plants should be examined as often as possible. The plants should be washed from an
engine in fine weather, and the house kept warm, by which means they will be always kept clean and
healthy. Air should be admitted as early as possible in the morning, in warm weather, taking care to shut
up early in the afternoon, that the house may be kept to a proper temperature during the night. The time
for re-potting them is early in the spring, and the pots always require to be drained with sherds, which keeps
the mould loose and free from being soddened with water. The time at which cuttings should be planted is
VOL. I.
a

X
INTRODUCTION.
the same as that for greenhouse plants when the wood is fit, but these require heat. Seeds of stove plants
should be sown immediately on their arrival from abroad, although the general time of sowing should
be early in spring. A gentle hot-bed is the best for raising tropical seeds, but some few will come up
better on a shelf or flue in the hothouse, and the sooner seedlings are potted off separately the better.
5. Succulent plants, so called, are such as have a fleshy nature; these are called dry greenhouse or
dry stove plants, and consequently require to be grown in the same temperature as greenhouse and stove
plants, being natives of the same latitudes. In some gardens there are houses entirely appropriated for
these plants, where they are placed on stages or shelves, and kept rather dry throughout the winter;
but in gardens where there are not houses entirely appropriated for them, they should be kept on shelves
erected for this purpose in a stove or greenhouse.
a
6. Cuttings are slips cut from the mother plant for the purpose of setting, in order that they may
make roots, and form young plants. A small house should be appropriated to the propagation of these,
but if this cannot be had, a frame may be used, situated so as to have the morning sun only; otherwise,
shading with mats will be necessary. Those requiring heat should be plunged in a bed of tan, or placed
in a hot-bed. Cuttings of woody plants take root best in fine sand, as they both strike more
freely in it, and are safer to pot off after being rooted, as the sand shakes clean from their roots, which
is not the case when they have been planted in mould. But some of the soft wooded kinds will not
strike well in sand, therefore they must be planted in mould. In making cuttings no leaves should be
taken off or shortened, except in that part which is to be buried in the ground, where they should be
cut off as close to the stem as possible. The more leaves a cutting has on it the sooner it will root,
and the shallower they are planted the better, but they must be well fastened in the ground. The pots
in which they are planted should be well drained with sherds, and kept rather moist, but not too wet,
and the hand or bell-glasses with which they are covered, should be taken off and wiped occasionally,
When the cuttings are rooted and have been potted off, they require to be placed in a frame for a few
days and shaded ; after this they should be hardened by degrees.
Where plants cannot be easily raised from cuttings or layers, budding, inarching, and grafting must
be resorted to, on some other plant nearly related. To describe all the different methods of grafting,
budding, inarching, and layering, would occupy considerable space, and would be of little service, since
all practical men are acquainted with the most useful methods, and it would be quite impossible to
describe these to others without drawings.
In procuring loam and peat for potting plants, the top spit is always to be preferred, with the
turf on it, and as fresh as possible. Where peat cannot be had, decayed leaves or wood may be
substituted. The lighter and more sandy loam is the better, as it will require to have less peat and sand
mixed with it. A certain quantity of sand is always a proper ingredient in mould intended to be used in
potting or shifting plants.
The culture and propagation of hardy trees and shrubs, herbaceous, perennial, biennial, and annual
plants, epiphytes and bulbs, are amply detailed at the end of their respective genera.

A LIST OF THE ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGNS USED.
Cult. Culture and propagation.
Clt. Cultivated since.
Fl. Flowering
Tr. Tree..
Sh. Shrub.
Pl. Plant.
Var. Variety.
cl. climbing
tw. twining
ft. foot or feet.
f. floating on water.
tr. or trail. trailing.
D. Dry, succulent plants requiring a dry atmosphere.
S. Stove or hothouse.
G. Greenhouse.
F. Frame.
H. Hardy
W. Aquatic.
B. Bog.
h. Tree or shrub.
2. Perennial herbaceous.
6. Biennial.
O. Annual.
Climber.
n. Twiner.
Doubtful, not ascertained.
?. Expresses a doubt.
$ Indicating subsections or divisions of orders, genera, and
species.
Stars indicate divisions of species founded on slight cha-
pr. procumbent.
Lin. syst. Linnæan system.
Hort. or Hortul. signifying of the gardens or of
gardeners.
Sect. Section, a division of species.
v. s. herb. Lamb. See Specimen in the Lamber-
tian herbarium.
1. c. in loco citato, signifying in the place or work
racters.
cited above.
a 2

GLOSSARY
OF
BOTANICAL AND MEDICAL TERMS USED THROUGHOUT THE WORK.
, }
Alburnum, the young wood before it comes to a pro- Apterous, without wings, or the membranous mar-
per consistence.
gins, which botanists call wings.
A.
Alembick, a vessel used in distilling, or acting like a Aquatic, growing in water.
still.
Arboreous, being a tree as distinguished from fru-
A A in composition signifies without, as aphyllus, Alkalescent, having the properties or effects of tescent.
without leaves; acaulis without a stem.
alkali.
Arborescent, having a tendency to become a tree.
Abbreviate, used in comparative descriptions, in- Alkali, any substance which, when mingled with Arcuate, curved or bent like a bow, forming an
dicates that one part is shorter than another. acid, produces fermentation.
Arcuated, S arch.
Aberrant, deviating from the natural or direct way; Alternating, alternate with any thing mentioned. Arched. See Arcuate.
applied in natural history to species or genera Alveolate, resembling a honey-comb.
Areola, little spaces or areas on the surface of any
that deviate from the usual characters of their Alvine, of or belonging to the intestines.
thing; the spaces between the cracks in lichens
neighbours.
a catkin, mode of inflorescence, as the are the areolæ.
Abortion, signifies an imperfect development. Amentum, S hazel and the willow.
Areolate, having areolæ ; the adjective of the last
Abruptly-pinnate, leaves pinnate without a terminal Amylaceous, having the properties of starch.
Areolated, word.
or odd leaflet.
Anastomosing, uniting of vessels, veins, or nerves. Aridity, dryness.
Abstergent, cleansing; having a cleansing quality. Androgynous, producing both male and female blos-
a process of the placenta adhering to the
Accessory, something added to the usual number of
soms on the same plant, or in the same spike or Aril, hilum of seeds, and sometimes envelop-
organs.
head.
Arillus, ing them; a peculiar substance cover-
Accrete, grown together.
Anfractuous, full of turning and winding passages.
ing the seeds.
Accumbent, lying on, prostrate, supine ; this term is Angular, having angles, or forming angles.
Arillate, having that peculiar appendage called
employed in Cruciferæ to signify a radicle which Angularly-toothed, being toothed in such a manner arillus; the term is only applied to seeds.
lies upon the edge of the cotyledons.
as to form angles.
Aristate, having a beard or awn, as the glumes of
Acerose, needle-pointed, fine, and slender, with a
Annulations, rings or circles.
Aristated, S barley.
sharp point.
Annular, circular, producing a ring or circle. Aroma, the spicy quality of a thing.
Acetarious, any thing belonging to the salad tribe Anterior, growing in front of some other thing.
of vegetables.
Anthelmintic, capable of killing worms.
Articulated,} jointed, having joints.
S
Acicular, needle-shaped, shaped like a needle. Antheriferous, bearing anthers.
Articulations, the places where one thing is jointed
Acinaciform, shaped like a scimitar.
Anthophorum, an elongated receptacle on which the with another; another word for joints.
Acutangular, having sharp or acute angles.
petals, stamens, and ovary are seated.
Ascendant,
Acumen, a taper point.
Anthers, the male parts of a flower containing the
at first trailing on the ground, then
Ascendent,
Acuminate, acuminated, having a taper point.
fecundating matter.
Ascending,
rising erect, forming a curve.
Acuminately-cuspidate, taper-pointed, and ending in Anti-pestilential, efficacious against pestilence. Asci, small tubes in which the sporules of crypto-
a bristle.
Anti-phrasis, the use of words in a sense opposite to gamic plants are placed.
Adglutinated, glued together, or to any thing else ; that of some neighbouring parallel sentence. Ascigerous, having asci.
usually applied to filaments and anthers. Anti-scrophulous, anti-scorbutic, efficacious against Assurgent, rising upwards.
Adnate, adhering to any thing; anthers are said to
scurvy.
Attenuate,
be adnate when they are attached to the filament Anti-septic, efficacious against putrefaction.
Attenuated, S
tapering gradually to a point.
by their whole length.
Aperient, having a slight purgative quality.
Auriculate,
Adult, the full grown of any thing; full grown Apetalous, without petals.
Auriculated, having ear-like appendages.
leaves are adult leaves.
Apex, the summit of any thing.
Auricled,
Æruginous, having a colour like that of ærugo, or Aphthous, resembling something covered with little Auricles, ear-like appendages.
verdigris.
ulcers.
Auriculately-sagittate, eared at the base, so as to give
Æstivation. The calyx and corolla of a flower is Apiculate, terminating in a little point, termi- the leaf the appearance of the head of an arrow.
said to be in æstivation when in the bud, before Apiculated, nated.
Auriculately-stem-clasping, having auricles at the
expansion.
Apophysis, a swelling beneath the theca of mosses. base clasping the stem ; applied to leaves.
a .
Appendages, that which is attached, in Caryophyllea, Awl-shaped, narrow-pointed, resembling an awl.
the crown of the petals.
Awned, terminating in an awn or sharp point.
Aggregate, gathered together, usually applied to
Aggregated, the inflorescence.
Awnedly-acuminated, tapering to a point, and ter-
.
minating in an awn.
Agrumi, a name given by the Italians to any kind Appendiculate,
Appendiculated
, having appendages.
Awns, the beard of corn or any thing else.
of lemons.
literally the arm-pit; in plants applied to
Akenium, an indehiscent pericarp, containing a Appendix, any thing that is attached, a process.
Axil,
the angle formed by the union of the
single seed, which does not adhere to it; it is
Axille,
pressed close to any thing. When
leaf and stem.
synonymous with seed in the Linnæan language. Appressed, hairs lie flat upon the surface of a Axil-flowering, flowering in the axils of the leaves.
Albumen, the substance under the inner coat of the Adpressed, leaf or stem, they are said to be ap- Axillary, placed in the axils or axillæ.
testa of seeds, surrounding the embryo; it is
pressed
Axis, the line, real or imaginary, that passes through
sometimes absent.
Approximate,
any thing, usually applied to the central placenta
Albuminous, furnished with albumen ; see that Approximated, near together.
of fruit; the axis of a spike of flowers is the stem
term.
Approximating,
to which the flowers are attached.
Agglomeratea,} collected into a heap or head.
Appendent;} hanging, an approach to pendulous.
9

GLOSSARY.
xiii
B.
opposite to each other nearly at right angles with Cartilaginous, gristly.
the main stem, and crossing each other alter- Cartilaginously-toothed, having gristly teeth.
Baccate, berried, fleshy.
nately.
Cartilaginously-serrated, having gristly serratures.
Barred, crossed by a paler colour in spaces resem- Bracteate, having bracteas.
Caruncle, a small protuberance.
bling bars.
Bracteolate, having small bracteas.
Carunculate, having a caruncle.
Basilar, situated at the base of any thing, usually Bracteoles, small bracteas.
Cataplasm, a plaster.
applied to the embryo when situated at the bot- Bracteas, small leaves placed near the calyx on the Catarrhal, of or belonging to a cold.
tom of the seed.
peduncle or pedicel.
Cathartic, purgative.
Beak, any thing which resembles the beak of a Bractless, destitute of bracteas.
Catkin, inflorescence of the natural order Amentà-
bird, hard, sharp points; in Aconitum the point Branchlets, small branches.
cea, as the willow.
which ends the helmet or upper sepal.
Bristles, stiff hairs.
Caudate, tailed, having a process like a tail.
Beaked, having a beak.
Bristly, covered with stiff hairs.
Caudex, the trunk or stem of palms and ferns.
Bearded, having long hair like a beard.
Bristly-toothed, having teeth like bristles, or with Caudicula, a small membranous process, on which
Beardless, destitute of a beard.
the teeth ending each in a bristle.
the pollen of orchideous plants are fixed.
Berry, a fleshy fruit, containing many seeds, as the Bud, the flower or leaves before expansion are said Caulescent, acquiring a stem, having a kind of stem.
gooseberry and grape.
to be in the bud.
Caulicule, the little stem in the embryo which
Biauriculate, having two auricles.
Bulbiferous, bearing bulbs.
unites the cotyledons with the radicle.
Bibracteolate, furnished with two small bracteas; Bulbs, underground buds, resembling roots, con- Cauline, of or belonging to the stem.
which see.
sisting of numerous fleshy scales, placed one over Caustic, having a burning quality.
Bibracteate, furnished with two bracteas. See the other.
Cautery, that which burns.
Bracteas.
Burry, covered with hooked stiff hairs, like the Cellular, composed of cells.
Bicallose, having two small callosities or protu- heads of the burdock.
Cell, the hollow part of a capsule, in which the
Bicallous,] berances.
seeds are lodged, and the part of anthers which
Bicrenate, twice crenate. See Crenate.
C.
contains the pollen.
Bicuspidate, having two points.
Celled, having cells, 1-2-3 or 4-celled, having 1-2-3-
Bidentate, having two teeth.
Caducous, falling off soon.
or 4 cells or departments, and so forth.
Biennial, a plant is biennial, which requires two Cæsious, grey.
the column in the centre of fruits
years to bear its fruit, and then dies.
Cæspitose, growing in little tufts.
Central-angle,
Central-axis,
to which the seeds are some-
Bifarious, any thing placed in two opposite rows. Calcarate, spurred, or having a spur.
Central-column,
times attached, and sometimes.
Bifariously-imbricated, any thing placed in two op- Calceiform, formed like a little shoe.
the partitions.
posite rows, as well as being laid over each other, Calli, small callosities, or little protuberances. Central-placenta, the column in the centre of fruits
like the tiles of a house.
Callose, callous, hardened.
to which the seeds are attached.
Bifid, divided at the top in two parts, two cleft. Callously-glandular, having hardened glands. Cephalic, medicinal to the head.
Bifidly-umbelliferous, having an umbel of flowers Callously-serrated, having hardened serratures. Ceraceous, wax-like.
divided into two parts or divisions.
Calyciform, formed like a calyx.
Cernuous, nodding, drooping, or pendulous.
Bifoliate, having two leaves or leaflets.
Calycine, of or belonging to the calyx.
Chaffy, bearing processes resembling chaff.
Bifoveolate, having two hollows.
having bracteas so placed as to re-
Calyculate,
Chalaza, a spot on the seed, indicating where the
Bifurcation, the division of a stem when it is
semble an external or additional
Calyculated,
vessels of the raphe terminate.
divided like a fork into two branches.
calyx.
Channel-leaved, folded together, so as to resemble a
Bifurcate, twice forked, or having two forks. Calyptra, literally an extinguisher, applied to the channel for conducting water.
Bigeminate, twin, each division bearing a pair of body which covers the theca in mosses; any Channelled, having a channel or channels.
leaflets.
thing in the shape of an extinguisher.
Charred, blackened by fire.
Calyptrate, resembling an extinguisher.
Chlorosis, the green sickness, a disease so called.
Calyptriform, shaped like an extinguisher.
Chinks, longitudinal fissures.
Biglandular, having two glands.
Calyx, the outer envelope of a flower, as the corolla Chinked, having"longitudinal fissures.
Biglobose, formed into two round heads.
is the inner.
Chrysalis-like, like the chrysalis of an insect.
Bilabiate, having two lips.
Campanulate, shaped like a bell.
Cilie, hairs like those of the eye-lash.
Bilamellate, having two plates or divided into two Canaliculate, channelled or furrowed.
Ciliated, surrounded by hairs like those of the
I parts.
Cancellate, latticed, resembling lattice-work.
Ciliary, ſ eye-lash.
Biligulate, having two ligulæ, or strap-shaped ap- Canescent, hoary, approaching to white.
Ciliately-toothed, having teeth like the hairs of the
perdages.
Capillary, very slender, resembling a hair.
eye-lash.
Bilocular, containing two cells, or divided into two Capillaceous, very slender, resembling a hair. Ciliary-scabrous, having rough ciliated margins.
cells, or departments.
Capillaceously-multifid, divided into many slender
slender Ciliary-serrated,
Bimaculate, having two spots of any colour.
Capillary-multifid, } hair-like segments.
Binate, having two leaflets, twin.
Capitate, growing in a head; a stigma is said to be Ciliately-jagged, having unequal notches like ciliæ.
a
Biovulate, containing two ova, or young seeds; seeds capitate when it is large, round, and blunt. Ciliately-plumose, having long hairs on the edges
before they are mature are called ova.
Capitately-glomerate, growing in a clustered head. like the feathers of a quill.
Bipartite, divided into two parts.
Capitellate, growing in small heads; a stigma is cinereous, ash-coloured, or coloured like ashes, grey.
Bipinnate, twice pinnate. See Pinnate.
Capitular, said to be so when it is small, round, Cinereously-canescent, between white and ash-co-
Bipinnate-parted, divided in a bipinnate manner Capitulate, and blunt.
loured.
but not to the base.
Capituli, small heads.
Cinereously-glaucous, between sea-green and ash-
Bipinnatifid, twice pinnatifid. See Pinnatifid.
Capsule, a dry fruit.
coloured.
Biplicate, having two plaits.
Capsular, like a capsule.
Cinereously-pubescent, covered with grey pubescence.
Birimose, having two longitudinal chinks, or fissures. Carbonized, burned to coal.
Cinereously-tomentose, covered with grey tomentum.
Bisaccate, having two little sacks, bags, or pouches. Carina, a keel like that of a boat; also the lower Cinereously-villous, covered with grey villi.
Biscutate, resembling two bucklers.
petal of a pea-flower.
Cingalese, inhabitants of or belonging to Ceylon.
twice cut, like the teeth of a Carinate, keel-shaped.
Circinate, curled round like a sharp crook, to
saw.
Carinately-winged, having a wing resembling a Circinnate, make a circle.
Bistipulate, furnished with two stipulas. See Sti- keel.
Circinal, resembling a circle.
pulas.
Carinately-concave, hollowed in such a manner as to Circinately-revolute, curled round like a circle.
Bisulcate, having two furrows.
resemble a keel externally.
Circinately-trochleate, curled round like a pully.
Biternate, twice ternate. See Ternate,
Cariopsis,or Cariopsides, a l-celled, small, indehiscent Cirrhose, tendrilled, having tendrils or claspers,
Bivalved, two valved. See Valved.
pericarp, adhering to the seed which it contains, Cirrhous,
as the pea.
Blanching, made white by being grown in a dark as the grain of grasses and clematis.
Cirrhiferous, bearing tendrils or claspers.
place, or by being covered with any thing. Carminative, medicines which promote perspiration. Clammy, viscid, sticky.
Bland, fair, beautiful.
Carnose, fleshy, thick substance.
Clathrate, latticed, divided like lattice-work.
Blight, a vague term, signifying a pestilence among Carpel, the small parts of which compound fruits Clavate, club-shaped, shaped like a club, the thick
plants, caused by the attack of insects, or of para- Carpels, are formed, as those of Ranúnculus, Clavated, end uppermost.
sitical fungi.
Carpella, ) Pædnia, and Aconitum.
Clavellose, having club-shaped processes.
Blistered, having the surface raised, as the skin is Carpelled, having carpels.
Clavus, a name for the ergot, a disease in corn.
when blistered.
Carpology, the science which treats of the structure Claws, the unguis of petals, the narrow end.
Brachiate, having arms or branches, usually placed of fruits and seeds.
Clawed, having claws.
Bigibbose
; } having two protuberances.
,}
Ciliately-serratea,} having serratures like ciliæ.
Biserrate-toothed;}
a

xiv
GLOSSARY.
a
a
Corrugated
, } wrinkled or shrivelled.
a
Complicated
, } folded together.
Cupuliform
, } shaped like a cup or reversed bell.
a
Cleft, divided, but not exactly to the base, split. arrow-shaped ; cordate-auriculate, having auricles Cruciately-opposite, placed opposite, so as to form
Clinandrium, that part of the column of orchideous at the base, so as to give the leaf the figure of a right angles.
plants in which the anther lies.
heart; cordate-orbicular, a figure between a heart Crustaceous, having a hard brittle crust.
Closed, that which is closed up, leaving no aper-
and a circle; cordate-lanceolate, cordate-peltate, a Crystalline, consisting of or resembling crystals.
ture; the throat of a flower with hairs or other form between that of a buckler and a heart. Cucullate, a leaf is said to be cucullate when its
processes; pressed together, not spreading Coriaceous, the consistence of leather, thick and edge is curved inwards in such a manner as to
Close-pressed, when any thing lies quite close upon tough.
represent the cowl or hood of a monk.
a surface it is said to be close-pressed.
Corolla, the inner envelope of a flower; the coloured Cucullately-saccate, a form between cucullate and
Clustered, disposed in clusters.
part of a flower, composed of a petal or petals.
a
saccate.
Clypeate, shaped like a Roman buckler.
The term is only applied when the calyx is pre- Culm, the stem of grasses, scitamineous plants, and
Coadunate, united together, soldered together,
sent; otherwise it is called a perianth, which see. the like.
Coarctate, pressed together.
Corollaceous, like a corolla, a corolla.
Culmiferous, producing culms.
Cobwebbed, covered as if with a cobweb.
Corollate, like a corolla.
Cultrate,
Corneous, horny, of the consistence of horn.
.
shaped like a pruning knife.
Cultriform,
Cochleated twisted so as to resemble the shell of
a snail.
Corniculate, having processes like small horns,
a form between obovate and
Cuneate-obovate,
Cocculiferous, bearing coccula.
Corniculated, or like horns.
Cuneate-ovate,
wedge-shaped, and between
Cocculum, a kind of cell which opens with elasticity; Corona, literally a crown ; applied in botany to the
egg-shaped and wedge-shaped,
a kind of membranous spring.
crown-like cup which is found at the orifice of the Cuneate, / wedge-shaped, the broadest end upper-
Cohering, connected.
tube of the corolla in Narcissus or other flowers. Cuneated,
Coleorhiza, a little sheath which tips the radicle in Corpuscle, a small body, a particle of any thing.
Cuneiform, S most, tapering to the base.
cruciferous plants.
Corroborant, strengthening.
Cuneiform-ovate, between wedge-shaped and egg-
Collapsion, the act of closing or falling together. Corrosive, having the power to eat away.
shaped.
Columella, the axis of the fruit in mosses.
Cuneately-lanceolate, between wedge-shaped and
Columnar, formed like a column.
lanceolate.
Compact, close, crowded.
Cortical, of or belonging to bark.
Cup, the same as Corona, any thing in the shape of
Complanate, flattened.
Corticate, like bark.
a cup:
Corymb, a raceme or panicle, in which the stalks Cupula,
of the lower flowers are longer than those of the Сир,
the cup of an acorn, and such like fruits.
Compound, used in botany to express the union of upper, so that the flowers themselves are all on
,
several things in one; thus a compound umbel the same level.
is formed by several simple umbels; if above Corymbiferous, bearing a corymb.
Cuspidate, when a leaf suddenly tapers to a point it
one it is always called compound; a compound Corymbose, formed or arranged in the manner of a is so called.
flower by several simple flowers; a compound corymb.
Cuspidately-serrated, when serratures end abruptly
leaf by several smaller leaflets.
Corymbosely-cymose, arranged in a manner between in a point they are so called.
Compressed, pressed together, and flattened.
a corymb and a cyme.
Cutaneous, relating to the skin.
Concave, hollow.
Corymbosely-fastigiate, between fastigiate and co- Cuticle, the scarf, skin, or epidermis.
Concave-cucullate, hollowed out in the form of a rymbose.
Cut-toothed, cut and toothed at the same time.
hood.
Corymbosely-racemose, arranged between racemose Cyathiform, cup-shaped, concave.
Concentric, points or lines at equal distances from and corymbose.
Cylindraceous, having the form of a cylinder.
a common centre.
Corymbosely-umbellate, arranged in a manner be- Cylindrical, cylinder-shaped, round.
Concrete, formed into one mass, or joined together. tween an umbel and a corymb.
Cylindrically-campanulate, between bell-shaped and
Conduplicate, twice doubled, or twice folded. Corymbulose, formed of many small corymbs.
cylinder-shaped.
Cone. See Strobile.
Cosmetic, beautifying.
Cylindrically-conical, cylindrical and conical, taper-
Costate, ribbed, any longitudinal elevations.
ing to the apex
Conferruminated. United together, so as to be un-
distinguishable.
Cotyledons, seed-leaves, the first leaves from seed. Cylindrically-globose, a form between a cylinder and
Confluent, running into one another at the base or Creeping, spread upon the ground, and rooting at a sphere.
apex.
the joints.
Cymbiform, having the shape of a boat.
Conglutinate, glued together into one mass.
Crenatures, the notchings.
Cyme, a mode of inflorescence resembling a flat-
form of a cylinder, but taper- Crene, round notches.
Conico-cylindrical,
tened panicle, as that of the Elder.
ing to a point.
Crenate, or Crenated, having round notches.
Cymiferous, bearing cymes.
Conico-subulate,
awl-shaped and conical, ta- Crenate-angular, crenate and angular.
Cymose, flowering in cymes.
pering to a point.
Crenulate, full of small round notches.
Conical, resembling a cone in shape.
Crenately-serrated, Crenate-serrate or serrated, with
D
Conically-subulate, between cone-shaped and awl- notched serratures; that is to say, something
shaped, thickest at the base.
between crenated and serrated.
Decandrous, having 10 stamens.
Conic-ovate, between egg-shaped and conical. Crenately-lobed, so deeply crenated as to appear Deciduous, falling off ; leaves which are shed an-
Conjugate, joined by pairs, chiefly applied to leaves. lobed.
nually are said to be deciduous, as are also trees
Connate, joined together at the base. When two op- Crenate-toothed, between crenate and toothed.
that annually lose their leaves.
posite leaves are joined together at the base, Crenately-denticulated, between crenate and tooth- Declinate, bending downwards.
with the stem running through the centre of the
letted.
Decompound, a leaf is said to be decompound when
joined part, it is called a connate leaf.
it is twice or thrice pinnate; a panicle, when its
.
branches are also panicled, &c.
Crest, applied to some elevated appendage, ter- Decorticated, disbarked, the bark fallen off or taken
Conoid, shaped like a cone.
minating a particular organ; a stamen is crested off.
Constricted, tightened or contracted in some parti- when the filament projects beyond the anther, Decumbent, lying down on the ground.
cular place.
and becomes dilated; a petal is crested when it Decurrent, running down ; a leaf is said to be de-
,
Continuous, uninterrupted connectior.
is terminated by a fringed appendage, or an ap- current when it extends down the leaf-stalk or
Contiguous, so close as to touch one another.
pendage in any part.
stem.
Contortuplicate, twisted in plaits.
Crested, having a crest.
leaves and branches are said to be
Contracted, narrowed in some particular place. Crestedly-toothed, toothed in a crested manner.
Convex, rising in a circular form.
decussate, when two right lines
Cretaceously-pruinose, covered with white glittering Decussated,
Decussate,
cross each other at right angles,
Convolute, rolled together, or over each other.
spots or pustules.
forming a kind of square, or four
Coralloid, like coral.
Cribriform, riddled with holes like a sieve.
angles.
Cordate, formed like a heart in cards.
Cribrose, perforated like a sieve.
Decussately-opposite, applied to leaves when they
Cordate, when it is joined by a hyphen to another Crowned, terminated by any thing; in Carophyllea
,
are opposite and form right lines, cross each
word, signifies a figure between the two, as cor- the petals are said to be crowned when they are other at right angles and form a square.
date-reniform ; cordately-reniform, a figure be- furnished with the appendages in the throat. Definite, that which may be counted, a regular
tween heart-shaped and kidney-shaped; cordate- Cruciate, shaped like a Maltese cross. A flower is number.
triangular, a form between heart-shaped and tri-
said to be cruciate, when four petals are placed Deflexed, bent downwards.
angular; cordate-roundish, circular and cordate; opposite each other at right angles.
Dehiscent, gaping, opening; an expression applied
cordate-oblong, oblong and cordate; cordate-sagit- Cruciferous, the name of a particular family of
to the mode in which the anthers or the fruit
tate, cordately-sagittate, between heart-shaped and plants, bearing cruciate flowers.
burst open and discharge their contents.
Commivene; } converging, lying close together.
Crenulatea,} having small round notches.

GLOSSARY.
XV
Deliquescent, melting away on exposure to the air also the centre of a head of flowers of com- Endosperm, the same as albumen.
heat.
positæ.
Enlarged, grown large.
Deltoid, shaped like the Greek A.
Discutient, having the power to scatter the matter Ensate,
Ensate, shaped like a sword with a straight
Deltoid-ovate, having an outline between the shape of tumours; a term in medicine.
Ensiform, blade.
of an egg and a A.
Dissepiment, the partitions by which a seed-vessel is Entire, not notched.
a
Demulcent, having the property of softening any
divided internally.
Epicarp, the outside covering of a fruit.
thing.
Distich,
producing leaves, flowers, or branches Epidermis, the outer skin of the bark.
Dentate, having the margin divided into incisions Distichous, $ in two opposite rows.
Epiphyllous, growing upon the leaves.
resembling teeth.
Distinct, separate, not joined nor meeting together. Epipetalous, growing upon the petals.
Dentately-ciliated, having the margin toothed and Di-trichotomous, divided in twos or threes; stems Epigynous, growing upon the style or ovary.
Dentately-fringed, S tipped with hairs.
continually dividing into double or treble rami- Epiphytes, plants which grow upon other plants
Dentately-lobed, toothed so deep as to appear fications: the term is sometimes applied to a without deriving any nutriment from them.
lobed.
panicle of flowers.
Equal, applied to petals and sepals when they are
Dentately-pinnatifid, toothed so deep as to appear Diuretic, having the power of promoting the flow equal in size and shape with each other; to the
pinnatifid.
of urine.
calyx in Crucifere, when it is without pouches at
Dentately-runcinate, toothed so deep as to appear Divaricate,
the base.
runcinate.
Divaricated, growing in a straggling manner. Equidistant, a mode of vernation, or of arrange-
Dentately-serrated, having the margin divided into Divaricating,
ment of leaves with respect to each other, in
incisions, resembling the teeth of a saw.
Divergent,
which the sides or edges alternately overlap
Dentately-sinuated, having the margin scolloped Diverging, som far from one point, or far asun-
S der; applied to branches and leaves. each other.
Dodecandrous, having 12 stamens.
Erectly-spreading, between erect and spreading.
Denticulate, having the margins finely and slight- Dolabriform, having the form of an axe or hatchet. Erose, gnawed, bitten, a term used to denote a
Denticulated, S ly toothed.
Dorsal, on the back, or growing on the back.
particular kind of irregular denticulation.
Denticulately-serrated, having the margins finely Dots, may be either pellucid, resinous, or hairy. Erosely-toothed, when the teeth are gnawed or erose.
toothed, resembling a very fine saw.
a
Doubly-serrated, twice serrated. See Serrated. Erosely-serrated, when the serratures are gnawed.
Denticulately-ciliated, having the margin so finely Down, soft short hairs like down.
Errhine, promoting a discharge of mucous from the
toothed as to appear edged with hairs.
Downy-villous, covered with long soft hair slike nostrils.
Denticulately-scabrous, having rough denticulations. down.
Escharotic, having the power to burn the skin.
Denticulations, very small teeth.
Downy-pubescent, soft short down, closely pressed to Esculent, good for food.
Deobstruent, having the power of removing obstruc- the surface.
Even, applied to a surface when it is not wrinkled
tions, a term in medicine.
Drastic, applied to medicines which act violently. or curled, but smooth and even.
Dependent, hanging down.
Drupe, a kind of fruit consisting of a fleshy succu- Evanescent, quickly vanishing.
Depressed, pressed down, low, having the appear- lent rind, and containing a hard stone in the Evolved, unfolded.
ance of being pressed.
middle-olive, plum, cherry.
Exarillate, without aril. See Aril.
Depurated, purified, cleansed.
Drupaceous, form of a drupe, fleshy.
Exalbuminous, without albumen. See Albumen.
Despumate, to throw out a froth or scum.
Dyspepsia, difficulty of digestion ; a term in me- Excavated, hollowed out.
Detergent, detersive, having the power of cleans- dicine.
Excentral, out of the centre.
ing; a term in medicine.
Excoriate, stripped of the bark or skin.
Diadelphous, stamens are said to be so when they
E.
Excurrent, projecting or running beyond the edge
are connected into two bodies.
or point of any thing.
Diandrous, having two stamens.
Eared, having ears or appendages.
Exotic, foreign.
Diaphanous, transparent.
Diaphoretic, promoting perspiration.
Echinate: covered with prickles, like a hedge- Expectorant, any thing that promotes the discharge
S hog
of mucous from the chest.
Dichotomous, ramifying in pairs.
Edible, eatable.
Exserted, projecting much beyond something else.
Dichotomously-branched, branched in a dichoto- Effuse, applied to inflorescence, and means a kind Exsiccated, dried up.
mous manner. See Dichotomous.
of panicle, with a very loose l-seeded arrange- Extra-axillary, growing from above or below the
Dichotomously-panicled, having a panicle divided in ment.
axils of the leaves or branches.
a dichotomous manner.
Effusely-panicled, panicled in an effuse manner. Extra-foliaceous, away from the leaves, or inserted
Didymous, two, united, usually applied to the fruit Electuaries, a medicine of conserves and powders, in a different place from them.
when they appear twin.
the consistence of honey.
Exstipulate, without stipulas. See Stipulas.
Didynamous, having two long stamens and two short Elephantiasis, a disease in which the limbs become Exuvia, whatever is cast off from plants.
ones in the same flower, each pair being colla- prodigiously swollen and finally fall off.
teral.
Elevated, any thing that rises above the surface.
Dietetic, relating to food or diet.
Ellipsoid, form of an ellipsis.
F.
Fæcula, the nutritious powder of wheat or other
Diffuse, scattered, widely spread.
Elliptic or elliptical, when joined by a hyphen to things, the albumen of seeds.
Diffusible, such as may be spread.
another word, signifies a form between the two
Falcate,
bent like a sickle.
Digitate, fingered; shaped like the hand spread words; thus, elliptic-spatulate, elliptic-lanceolate, Falciform,
Digitated,
open.
elliptically-spatulate, elliptical-ovate, elliptical-ob- Falsely-2-valved, having two valves, which are not
-
Digitately-lobed, lobed in a digitate manner. See ovate, &c.
of the same nature as other valves.
Digitate.
Elongated, lengthened out.
Fan-nerved, the nerves disposed in the manner of
Digitately-pinnate, pinnated in a digitate manner. Emarginate, having a small notch at the end or tip. a fan.
Digynous, having two styles or female organs. Emarginately-2-lobed, so deeply emarginate as to Farinaceous, full of flour.
Dilated, widened.
form two lobes.
Farina, meal.
Diluent, something diluting.
Embossed, projecting in the centre like the boss, or Farinaceously-tomentose, covered with a mealy kind
Dimidiate, halved, divided into two parts.
umbo, of a round shield or target.
Farinosely-tomentose, of down.
Diccious. When a plant bears female flowers on Embracing, a leaf is said to embrace a stem when Farinose, mealy.
one individual and males on another, it is called it clasps it round with its base.
Fasciated, faced, having white blotches or stripes.
diccious.
Embryo, the young plant in the seed.
Fascicled, in bundles or parcels.
Disciform, having the form of a disk. See Disk. Emetic, that which produces vomiting.
Fascicles, parcels or bundles.
Discoid, when in compositæ the florets are all tu- Emersed, applied to those leaves of water plants, Fascicled-hairs, hairs in parcels.
bular, the head of flowers is said to be discoid. which are above the water.
Fasciculate, arranged in bundles or parcels.
In other cases, when the florets of the centre of Emmenagogue, any medicine that promotes men-
a head of flowers are more perfect than the rest, struation.
Difformia
, } two forms, used to express irregu- Elliptical
, } formed like an ellipsis
, an oval figure.
} .
Fascicled-whorles, arranged in parcels, but still
they are called discoid. Finally, when any Emollient, softening.
forming a whorl or circle.
thing is dilated into something which may be Emulsions, medicines made of bruised oily seeds. Fascicled-racemes, disposed in separate parcels, the
compared to a disk, the term discoid is also made Endocarp, the inner membrane of fruit which forms whole forming a raceme.
the cells, usually under the sarcocarp. It is Fasciculately-tuberous,
It is Fasciculately-tuberous, roots composed of a parcel
Disk, the fleshy annular process that surrounds the various in consistence.
Fascicled-tuberous,
or parcels of tubers.
ovary in many flowers; a receptacle which ad- Endopleura, the inner coat of seeds under the sper- Fastigiate, tapering to a narrow point like a py-
heres to the calyx; also the surface of a leaf; maderm.
ramid.
use of.

xvi
GLOSSARY.
Frutescent
, } shrubby.
a
of a pen.
Febrifugar
, } efficacious in moderating fevers.
G.
Ferrugineos
, } iron-coloured, rusty.
Fastigiately-branched, branched in such a manner,
Gynobase, a fleshy receptacle, bearing separate fruits.
the branches becoming gradually shorter from Fruticose,
Gynobasic, having a gynobase.
the base to the apex.
Fruticulose, a little shrub.
Gynophore, a lengthened receptacle, bearing the
Fastigiately-corymbose, a corymb, whose branches Fugacious, that which lasts but for a short time. petals, stamens, and pistil, but not the calyx.
gradually become shorter towards the top, like a Fulcra, scales and stipulas, &c.
Gynous, flowers are said to be 3-4-5-6-7, &c.
pyramid.
Fulvous, tawny-yellow, or fox-coloured.
gynous, when they contain so many styles.
Fauces, the jaws, the gaping part of monopetalous Fungous, having the consistence of fungi or mush- Gyrose, turned round like a crook.
flowers.
rooms.
Favose, pitted or excavated, like the cells of a Funicle, a little stalk, by which the seed is attached
honeycomb.
to the placenta.
H.
Favosely-scrobiculate, excavated in little pits or Furcate, forked.
hollows.
Furcately-divided, divided in a furcate manner.
Feathery, resembling a feather.
Furfuraceous, scaly, mealy, scurfy.
Feather-nerved, the nerves disposed like the feathers Furrowed, having longitudinal channels or furrows. Habit, features or general appearance of a plant,
Fuscous, blackish-brown.
Habitat, habitation, native country.
Fusiform, spindle-shaped, like the root of a carrot. Hemorrhages, copious bleeding.
.
Hæmorrhoids, a kind of disease called the piles.
Feculent, muddy, thick with sediment.
Hairy, covered with long hairs.
Fecundation, the act of making fruitful.
Hairy-canescent, covered with grey hairs.
Galeate, helmeted; the upper lip of a ringent co- Hairy-pubescent, covered with short soft hairs.
.
rolla is the galea of that corolla.
Hairy-tomentose, covered with dense, white, close,
Fibrillose, covered with little strings or fibres. Gamosepalous, when the sepals are joined together curled hairs.
Fibrous, being composed of fibres.
at the base, they are so called, improperly mono-
Hastate, formed like the head of a halbert.
Filamentose, thready.
sepalous.
Hastately-cordate, between halbert - shaped and
Filiform, like a thread in form.
Gelatine, jelly, a term in chemistry.
heart-shaped.
Fimbriate, fringed.
Gelatinous, consisting of jelly.
Hastately-kidney-shaped, a form between halbert-
Finger-parted, divided into lobes, having a fan- Geminate, twin.
shaped and kidney-shaped.
ciful resemblance to the five fingers of a human Gemma, leaf buds, as distinguished from alabastra Hastately-lanceolate, between halbert-shaped and
hand.
or flower-buds.
lance-shaped.
Firm, hardish, firm, not soft.
Gemmiferous, bearing buds.
Hastately-4-5-lobed, lobed in such a manner as still
Fistular,
Genitals, styles and stamina.
to appear somewhat halbert-shaped.
Fistulous, Shollow, like a pipe.
Germ or Germen, the old name of the ovary.
Hast y-2-eared, a leaf having two ears at the
Fistulose,
Germen-inferior, fruit below the flower.
base, giving it the appearance of a halbert.
Flaccid, feeble, weak.
Germen-superior, fruit above the flower.
Haulm, dead stems of herbs.
Flagella, runners without leaves.
Germination, the first act of vegetation in a seed. Helmet, the same as Galea. See Galeate. The
Flagelleform, form of runners, creeping along the Gibbo, in Aconitum, the swelling of the tube of the upper sepal in Aconitum.
ground.
petals or nectaries.
Hemispherico-conical, a shape between a globe and
Flat, plane.
Gibbous, protuberant, swelled.
a cone.
Flexile, capable of being bent in different directions, Gibbosity, a protuberance or swelling.
Herbaceous, a plant the stem of which perishes an-
pliable.
Girded, surrounding any thing.
nually.
Flexuous, having a bent or undulating direction, Glabrous, smooth, destitute of hairs.
Hermaphrodite, a flower is so called when it consists
zigzag.
Gladiate, shaped like a short straight sword.
both of male and female organs.
.
Glandular, having glands.
Hexagonal, six-sided.
Glandularly-crenated, having crenatures or serra- Hexandrous, having six stamens.
Floccosely-tomentose, down disposed in little tufts. Glandularly-serrated, tures tipped with glands. Hibernaculum, any thing which serves as a protec-
Flocullosely-scabrous, covered with rough hairs in Glandularly-muricated, covered with tubercles tipped tion to the young buds during winter.
tufts.
with glands.
Hilum, ſt
the scar or mark on the seed which in-
Floral, of or belonging to a flower, near the flower. Glandularly-pilose, covered with glandular hairs.
dicates the place by which it adheres to
Hylum,
Floral-envelopes, the calyx, bracteas, and corolla, Glandularly-toothed, margins toothed, with the teeth
the placenta.
which envelope the inner parts of the flower are bearing glands.
Hirsutely-tomentose, covered with dense, close, white
all so called.
Glanduliferous, bearing glands.
hairs.
Florets, little flowers, chiefly applied to compositæ Glaucescent, having something of a bluish-green,
Glaucescent, having something of a bluish-green, Hispid, covered with stiff hairs.
and grasses.
hoary, or sea-green appearance.
Hispidly-ciliated, fringed with stiff hairs.
Floriferous, that which bears flowers.
Glaucous, having a decided hoary-grey surface. Hispidly-villous, covered with stiff villi.
Flosculous, compound flowers, consisting of many
Hoary, covered with grey or white down.
tubular monopetalous florets.
Hoary-pubescent, covered with white down, which is
Foliaceous, having the form of leaves.
Globosely-elliptical, between spherical and oval. pressed to the surface.
Foliate, when a leaf is divided into leaflets it is Globosely-ovate, between spherical and egg-shaped. Hoary-tomentose, covered with white tomentum ;
called 1-2-3-10 or 12-foliate, according to the Globulose, a diminutive of globose.
which see.
number of leaflets.
Glochidate, having hairs, the ends of which are split Hoary-velvety, covered with white velvety down.
Follicle, a particular kind of two-valved seed-vessel, and hooked back.
Hoary-villous, covered with white villi.
such as those of Hakea and Pæonia.
Holosericeous, covered all over with silky down.
Follicular, resembling a follicle.
.
Hollow-leaf, form of a cowl, concave above.
Footstalks, the stalks of leaves.
Glumaceous, plants are said to be glumaceous when Homogeneous, having a uniform nature, or principle,
Fornicate, arched.
their flowers are like those of grasses.
or composition.
Glume, a part of the floral envelopes of a grass. Honey-combed, having pits like a honeycomb.
Gluten, glue.
Honey-pore, the pore in flowers which secretes
honey.
, S
Honey-scales, the scales in flowers which secrete
usually applied to stamens; the ovary or fruit is Gomopetalous, improperly monopetalous.
honey.
said to be free when it neither adheres to the co- Graniform, formed like grains of corn.
Hooded, being hollowed into the form of a hood.
rolla nor calyx.
Horn, any awl-shaped stiff process is called a horn.
Fringed, having a border like a fringe.
Granulared,} covered as if with grains.
Horny, hard, the consistence of a horn.
Fringe-toothed, having a border toothed so as to Granuliferous, bearing grains.
Hyaline, crystalline, transparent.
appear fringed.
Greenish-glaucous, of a colour between grey and Hybrid, a mule, partaking of the nature of two
Frond, the leaves of palms and ferns.
green.
species.
Front, in Aconitum, the front of the helmet or upper Gregarious, herding together.
Hydragogue, that which removes dropsy.
sepal.
Grooved, furrowed, channelled, marked with grooves. Hygrometrical, indicating the approach of moisture.
Frosted, covered with glittering particles.
Grumose, clubbed, knotted, contracted at intervals Hypocrateriform, salver-shaped.
Fructiferous, that which bears fruit.
into knots.
Hypogynous, situated below the ovarium.
Fructification, all those parts composing the fruit of Gynandrous, having the stamens and style com- Hypophyllous, situated under the leaf.
plants.
bined in one body.
Floclose, } covered with little tufts like wool.
Globuler
, } round or spherical
Glomeratea,} gathered into round heaps or heads.
Foveatate,} pitted, full of little pits.
Free, free from each other, not connected together, Glutinose; } adhesive, gluey.

GLOSSARY.
xvii
Imbricatea
, } laid over each other like tiles
.
,}
} a
papilionaceous flowers the lower petal is called Lobate, divided into lobes.
I.
the keel.
Lobately-crenated, having deep crenatures or inden-
Keeled, having a keel.
tations.
Icosandrous, having 20 stamens or more.
Kneed, knee-jointed, bent like the knee joint. Lobately-winged, having lobed wings.
Lobe, a division.
L.
Lobed, divided into lobes.
Immarginate, without a margin.
Lobulate, having small lobes.
Immersed, buried in; applied to the leaves of water Labellum, the front segment of an orchideous or Lobules, small lobes.
plants when they grow under water, also to the
other flower, the lower petal, the lip.
Located, placed.
ovary when it is buried in the disk.
Labiate, having a lip or lips.
Loculaments, partitions, or cells of a seed-vessel.
Impari-pinnate, leaves pinnate, with a terminal or
Lacerate,
a
Locular, a fruit is called unilocular if it contains but
odd leaflet.
Lacerated, S.
torn, appearing torn.
one cell ; bilocular if it contains two cells; and
Impressed, pressed into.
Lacerately-toothed, toothed in a coarse irregular trilocular if it contains three cells; and so on.
Inarticulated, without joints.
manner.
Loculate, having cells.
Inciso-repand, cut and repand.
Laciniate, jagged, cut, or divided into unequal Loment, a kind of pod, which falls in pieces when
Inclined, bending inwards, forming a curve.
Laciniated, segments.
ripe at the joints.
Incomplete, not full.
Lactescent, yielding milky juice.
Lomentaceous, bearing fruit called loments.
Incumbent, lying upon any thing; in Crucifere Lacuna, little pits or depressions, applied to vessels Long, applied to the styles in O'xalis, signifies that
when the radicle lies upon the back of the co- when they are full of air.
they are longer than all the stamens.
tyledons.
Lacunose, covered with little pits or depressions. Long-acuminated, having a long taper-point.
Incurved, bending inwards.
Lamellate, divided by little plates, or covered Lorate, shaped like a thong or strap.
Indefinite, that which cannot be counted, an irregu. Lamellated, ) with little plates.
Lubricate, to make slippery.
lar number.
Lamellose, having little plates.
Lucid, bright, shining.
Indehiscent, not dehiscent, not opening.
Lamina, generally applied to a leaf of a plant, con- Lunate,
Induplicate, doubled inwards, folded inwards.
sidered without its petiole.
Lunulate, shaped like a half-moon.
Indurated, hardened.
Lanceolate, lance or spear-shaped.
Lunulately,
Indusium, the membrane that incloses the thecæ in Lanceolate, when joined by a hyphen to another Lurid, a colour between purple, yellow, and grey.
ferns.
word, signifies a figure between the two words, as Lymphatic, of or belonging to the lymph or sap.
Inferior, any thing placed below the ovary is so lanceolate-linear, lanceolate-spatulate, lanceolate- Lyrate, shaped like a lyre.
called, the lowest of any thing; the ovary or fruit oblong, lanceolate-obovate, &c.
Lyrately-pinnate, pinnate in a lyrate manner.
'is said to be inferior when it is crowned by the Lateral, on one side, or on the sides.
Lyrately-pinnatifid, pinnatifid in a lyrate manner.
calyx, petals, and stamens; a radicle is said to be Lax, loose, not compact.
inferior when it is situated at the lower end of Leaflets, small parts of leaves of compound leaves.
the seed at the hylum.
Leafy, covered with leaves, or the consistence of a
M.
Inflexed, bent inwards.
leaf.
Inflorescence, disposition of the flowers.
Leathery, thick, the consistence of leather.
Macerate, to decompose by steeping in water or
Infra-axillary, below the axils of the leaves.
Legume, a pod, the fruit of leguminous plants, a other liquor.
Infracted, bending inwards.
Legumen, pea-pod, &c.
Mammaform, formed like a nipple or nipples.
Inner-angle of the
fruit or cells, the central placenta. Leguminous, plants which bear legumes, such as the Marcescent, permanent, when withered not falling off.
Inspissated, thickened, spoken of sap or other pea, the bean, &c.
Margin, edge or border.
liquor.
Lenticular, shaped like a lens or pea.
a
Marginal, relating to the margin.
Integument, the outer covering of seeds.
Lentiform, shaped like a lens.
Intermediate, between two plants; the middle one Lepidoted, covered with prominent dots.
of any thing. Intermediate is applied to the Leprous, covered with spots or scales like leprosy, Masticatory, grinding or chewing with the teeth.
styles in Oxalis when they are longer than the Leprosy, covered with scales or dots resembling the Matrix, a place where any thing is generated or
outer stamens, and shorter than the inner ones. leprosy.
formed.
Internodes, the space between the joints in stems.
covered with white or silvery Medulla, the pith of a plant.
Leprously-silvery,
Interpetiolar, between the petioles or leafstalks.
Leprously-white,
dots, scales or scurf, resem. Medullary, relating to the pith of plants.
Interrupted, any thing which is not continuous, but
bling the leprosy.
Melliferous, bearing honey.
is separated by gaps or vacancies.
"Leprously-tomentose, covered with shaggy down, Membranous,
Interruptedly-crested, crested at intervals.
having the appearance of leprosy.
Membraneous, having the texture of a membrane.
Interruptedly-lyrate, lyrated with smaller lobes inter- Liber, the inner bark.
Membranaceous,
vening between the larger one.
Lid, the calyx which falls off from the flower in a Menstruum, a liquor used as a dissolvent.
Interruptedly-pinnate, pinnate with smaller leaflets single piece, or the lid of a fruit which separates Meshes, the openings of any tissue.
intervening between the larger ones.
in a single piece.
Micacious, glittering or shining.
Interruptedly-pinnatifid, pinnatifid with smaller Ligula, the membrane at the top of the petiole of Mice, glittering particles.
lobes intervening between the larger ones. Ligulæ,) grasses, and other plants, straps. Mid-rib, the middle vein of a leaf which passes from
Interstices, spaces between one thing and another. Ligulate, strap-like, having the form of a strap. the petiole to the apex.
Intervalvular, in the middle of the valves.
Ligulately-setaceous, between the form of a strap and Miliary, granulated, resembling many seeds.
Intra-axillary, within the axils of leaves.
a bristle.
Mitriform, formed like a mitre.
Intricate, entangled.
Limbate, having a dilated surface.
Monadelphous, having the filaments cohering into a
Inverse,
Limb, the border of a flower, the spreading part. tube.
Inverted, upside down, opposed to direct.
Line, in length the eighth of an inch.
Monandrous, having only one stamen.
Involucel, a small involucre.
Linear, narrow, when the two sides are nearly parallel. Moniliform, formed like a necklace, that is to say,
Involucelled, having an involucel.
Linear, when joined by a hyphen to another word, with alternate swellings and contractions, resem-
the bracteas which surround the flow-
Involucre,
signifies a form between the two words, as, linear- bling a string of beads.
Involucrum,
ers or umbels, particularly in um- filiform, linear-ensate, linear-subulate, linear-lance- Monocotyledonous, having only one seed-leaf or coty-
belliferous plants.
olate, linear-spatulate, linear-setaceous, linear- ledon.
triangular, triangular and linear; linear-elon- Monoecious, having the one sex in one flower, and
gated, linear and elongated; linear-sagittate, sa- the other in another on the same plant.
Involute, rolled inwards.
gittate and linear, &c.
Monopetalous, having only one petal.
Linearly-cuneated, between linear and wedge. Monosepalous, having only one sepal.
shaped.
Mordant, that which enables vegetable matter or
Lined, having lines or streaks.
tissue to receive dyes or colouring matter, and to
Jagged, cut in a coarse manner.
Linguiform,
retain them.
Joints, the places at which the pieces of the stem Lingulate,
tongue-shaped.
Mottled, marked with blotches of colour of unequal
are articulated with each other.
Lip, the lower petal of any irregular flower. In intensity, passing insensibly into each other.
Aconitum the lower part of the tube of petals or Mucilage, a turbid slimy fluid.
K.
nectaries.
Lipped, having lips.
Keel, when the mid-rib of a leaf or petal is sharp Lithontriptic, having the power of breaking the Mucronately-acuminated, with a taper-point ending
and elevated externally, it is called a keel; in stone.
in a mucrone.
VOL. I.
b
Margined,A,} having a margin.
Involucratea,} having an involucrum.
J.
Mucronatea
, } sharp-pointed

xviii
GLOSSARY
} -
, } 10
obovate-roundish, a figure between circular Pand Palmate napartea, } parted in a palmate manner.
rows.
Paniculate
, } forming a panicle.
Muricated, } co
Operculated,} covered with a lid.
}
the top
serrate or toothed, having Obliquely-repand, a leaf having a margin undulated, Ovulate, containing ova, 2-3-4-ovulate, containing
Mucronately-crenate, the crenatures, serratures, and unequally and obliquely dilated, is said to be 2-3 or 4 young seeds.
Mucronately-toothed, or teeth ending in a obliquely-repand.
Ovules, the young seeds of plants contained in the
sharp point.
Obliquely-truncate, cut off in an oblique manner. ovary
Mucronately-pungent, having a sharp prickly point. Obovate, inversely egg-shaped, with the broadest
P.
Mucrone, a small sharp point.
Mucronulate, having a little hard sharp point.
Obovate, when joined by a hyphen to another word, Palate, the mouth of a ringent flower.
Mucronulated,
signifies a shape between the two words, thus, Paleaceous, abounding with chaffy scales.
Mulch, a gardener's term for the placing manure obovate-spatulate, a shape between obovate and Palmate, divided so as to resemble a hand spread
about the roots of trees, on the surface of the spatulate ; obovate-oblong, obovately-oblong, be- Palmated,
open.
ground.
tween obovate and oblong; obovate-lanceolate, Palmate-lobed,
Multifarious, very numerous, or arranged in many between obovate and lance-shaped; obovate-cune- Palmately-lobed, } lobed in a palmate manner.
; -,
Multifid, cleft into many parts.
Multifidly-pinnatifid, a leaf is so called when it is obovate; obovate-rhomboid, a figure between obo. Palmately-cleft, cleft in a palmate manner.
pinnately-lobed, and these lobes are again divided vate and rhomb-shape, &c.
Palmately-multifid, palmate, having the leaflets
into many parts.
Obovate-cuneated,
between obovate and finely-multifid.
Multipartite, divided into many parts.
Obovately-cuneated, wedge-shaped, with the Palmalifid, divided so as to resemble a hand.
Multiple, many times more; applied to numbers. Obovately-wedge-shaped, broadestend uppermost. Panicle, a loose disposition of inflorescence, as oats.
Multiplex, much multiplied.
Obsolete, hardly evident,
,
covered with short sharp points.
Obsoletely-toothed, scarcely toothed.
,
, S
Obtuse-angled, having blunt angles.
Paniculately-branched, branched in a loose manner.
Muricately-hispid, covered with short, sharp, stiff Obvolute, having one part rolled upon another. Paniculately-corymbose, having a loose corymb.
bristles.
Occidental, coming from the west.
Paniculately-dichotomous, having a panicle, dividing
Ochraceous, having the colour of yellow ochre.
in a dichotomous manner.
N.
Octandrous, having eight stamens.
Paniculately-racemose, having numerous racemes,
Octogynous, having eight styles.
forming a panicle.
Naked, without hairs, without leaves, or without Officinal, any thing that has been or is sold in shops. Papilionaceous, butterfly-shaped flowers, as the com-
mon pea.
branches, &c.
Oleaginous, having the qualities of oil.
Nakedish, nearly destitute of hairs or leaves.
Oleraceous, esculent, eatable.
Papillæ, small soft excrescences.
Napiform, formed like a turnip, tuberous.
Opaque, want of transparency.
Papillose, having small glandular excrescences
Narcotic, producing sleep or torpor.
Papillous, S
like pimples.
Narrowed, tapering.
Pappus, crown of the seeds of compositæ and similar
Navicular, boat-shaped.
Operculum, a lid.
plants.
Neck, the upper tapering end in bulbs or other Opiate, having the power of opium.
Papulæ, round, soft, watery protuberances.
Orbiculate, circular or spherical.
plants is called the neck.
Papulose, covered with papulæ.
Nectarial, of or belonging to the nectary.
Papyraceous, the consistence of paper.
Nectariferous, bearing honey or nectaries.
Orbiculately-depressed, spherical, but depressed on Parabolical, form of a parabola, longer than broad,
Nectariferous-tube, in Pelargonium, is the tube or
tapering gradually to both ends.
swelled part at the top of the pedicel.
Orbiculately-elliptical, a form between circular and Parenchyma, all the parts of plants which consist of
elliptical.
cellular tissue.
Nectarium, that part of a flower which produces Orbiculately-obovate
, a form between circular and Parietal
, being attached to the sides or walls of the
Nectary, } honey.
Nervedly-furrowed, with furrows like nerves.
obovate.
ovary.
Nerveless, without nerves.
Orbicularly-rhomboid, a figure between circular and Parietes, the sides of the ovary or capsule.
Nerves, the strong veins upon leaves or flowers.
rhomb-shaped; orbicularly-reniform, a figure be- Parted, divided, but not to the base, 3-4 or 5-
tween circular and kidney-shaped.
parted, divided into 3-4 or 5 parts.
Nervose,
full of nerves.
Nervous,
Orchideous, of or belonging to the natural order of Partition, a division.
Nervosely-furrowed or streaked, having nerves like
Orchidee.
Patent, spread out or expanded.
Nervously-furrowed or streaked, } furrows or streaks. Orifice, an opening.
Patulous, slightly spreading.
Netted, having the veins reticulated.
Oscillatory, moving like a vane or weather-cock.
Neuter, neither male nor female.
Ossified, become like bone.
Nidulant, nestling, lying among any thing, as a bird Ova, the eggs of any thing, the seeds before they Pectinately-ciliated, ciliated in such a manner as to
in its nest.
are mature.
resemble the teeth of a comb.
Nidus, the nest of any thing.
Oval, when joined to another word by a hyphen, Pectinately-jagged, jagged in such a manner as to
Nodding, having a drooping position.
signifies a figure between the two words, as, oval- resemble the teeth of a comb.
Nodi, the swelled articulations of stems; the place
rhomboid, between oval and rhomb-shaped ; oval- Pectinately-pinnate-lobed, having leaflets or lobes
where one joint is articulated with another.
lanceolate, between oval and lance-shaped ; oval- finely pectinated.
Nodose, having many nodi or knots.
oblong, a shape between oval and oblong, &c. Pectinately-pinnatifid, pinnatifid in a pectinate
manner.
Nodules, small hard nodi or knots.
Oval, having the figure of ellipsis.
Nucleus, the kernel of a nut.
Ovate, the shape of an egg, with the broad end Pectoral, relating to the breast.
Nucamentaceous, producing nuts.
downwards.
Pedate, leaves when they are cut in divisions ;
Nuts, seeds covered with hard shells.
Ovate-globose, between egg-shaped and sphe- the outer divisions again lobed, are called pedate.
Ovate-spheroid, rical.
Pedately, divided in a pedate manner.
Ovary or Ovarium, the germ, the part of the flower Pedately-many-parted, cut into many divisions in a
0.
in which the young seeds are contained.
pedate manner.
Ovate, when joined by a hyphen to another word, Pédately-multifid, divided into many parts in a pe-
Ob, is used in the composition of Latin technicals, signifies a figure between the two words, thus, date manner.
to indicate the thing is inverted, such as obovate ovate-cordate, ovate and heart-shaped ; ovate-ellip- Pedatifid, cut into lobes, the lateral ones of which
is inversely ovate, obcordate is inversely cor- tical, a figure between egg-shaped and elliptical ; do not radiate from the petiole like the rest.
date, and oblanceolate inversely-lanceolate, &c. ovate-oblong, a figure between egg-shaped and Pedicel, small footstalks of flowers; commonly ap-
Obconical, inversely conical.
oblong; ovate-orbicular, a figure between egg- plied to the partial footstalks of flowers.
Obcordate, inversely cordate.
Obcordately-two-lobed, inversely cordate, with the
-shaped-spatulate, ,
indentation very deep, so as to appear of two a figure between egg-shaped and spatulate. Peduncle, flower-stalk, usually applied to the com-
lobes.
Ovate-cylindrical, egg-shaped and cylindrical.
mon footstalk of a number of flowers, sometimes
Oblong, when joined by a hyphen to another word, Ovately-trapeziform, a form between an egg and a only of one flower.
signifies a form between the two words, as, oblong-
trapezium.
Peduncled,
elliptical, oblong-linear, oblong-cuneate, oblong-lan- Overlapping, when the margin of one thing lies Pedunculate, having stalks or peduncles.
ceolate, oblong-spatulate, oblong-rhomboid, oblong- upon that of another it is said to overlap.
Pedunculated,
sagittate, oblong and arrow-shaped.
Ovoid, egg-shaped.
Pellicle, a thin skin, which envelopes certain seeds.
Oblong-triquetrous, oblong and three-sided.
Ovula, the seeds in the ovary before they are Pellucid, bright, transparent.
Obliquely-cordate, cordate in an oblique manner. mature, the same as ova.
Peltate, a leaf is said to be peltate when the petiole
}
Pectinatea
, } resembling the teeth of a comb.
shaped and circular; ovate-lanceolate, i figure be Pedicellede
; } stalked, having pedicels
.
a

GLOSSARY.
xix
a
is fixed in the disk instead of the margin, like the Pinnatifid, a leaf is so called when it is divided Pubescently-pilose, covered with soft pressed hairs.
handle of a shield.
into lobes from the margin nearly to the mid- Pubescently-tomentose, covered with dense short
Peltately-cordate, between heart-shaped and peltate. rib.
white down.
Peltately-rayed, rayed in a peltate manner.
Pinnatifidly-sinuated, scolloped in a pinnatifid man- Pulverized, reduced to powder.
Peltate-nerved, the nerves of a leaf disposed in a ner: pinnatifidly-lyrate, lyrate in a pinnatifid man- Pulvinate, become cushion-shaped.
peltate manner, radiating from the centre.
ner; pinnatifidly-serrated, serrated in a pinnatifid Punctate, covered with dots.
Pencilled, marked in lines as with a pencil, or manner; pinnatifidly-runcinate, runcinate in a pin- Punctately-warted, covered with little warts like dots.
having the appearance of hair pencil, as the natifid manner; pinnatifidly-toothed, toothed in a Punctiform, formed like little points or dots.
stigmas of numerous species of Oxalis.
pinnatifid manner; pinnatifidly-lobed, lobed in a Pungent, stinging or pricking.
Pencil-formed, resembling a hair pencil.
pinnatifid manner, &c.
Pustular, covered with glandular excrescences
Pendulous, drooping, hanging down.
Pisiform, formed like a pea or peas.
Pustulate, like pustules.
Pentagonal, having five angles.
the columnar body in the centre of a Pustules, pimples or little blisters.
Pentagynous, having five styles.
Pistil, flower, consisting commonly of three Putamen, a nut of many cells.
Pentandrous, having five stamens.
Pistillum, parts, viz. the ovary, styles, and Pyramidal
, formed like a pyramid.
Pentapetalous, having five petals.
stigmas.
Pyramidately-subulate, thick at the base, and narrow
Perennial, lasting many years without perishing. Pitchers, hollow leaves, so called.
at the apex.
Perfoliate, when the stem passes through the
base Pith, medulla, occupying the centre of a stem or Pyriform, shaped like a pear.
of a leaf, the leaf is said to be perfoliate.
shoot.
Pyxidiform, a capsule is called a pyxidium when
Perforated, bored, or apparently so, full of holes. Placenta, that part of the capsule which the seeds it divides transversely into two cells.
Perianth, Perianthium, the envelope which surrounds are attached to.
the flower. This term is applied when the calyx Placentarivus, having placentas, acting as a placenta,
cannot be distinguished from the corolla, as in bearing the seeds.
Q.
Lilium, Allium, &c.
Placentiferous, bearing placentas.
Pericarp, the seed-vessel.
Plane, flat.
Quadrangular, having four angles.
Perichætial, leaves which in mosses surround the Plethoric, having a full habit.
base of the stalk of the theca.
Plicate, plaited, 4, 5, or G-plicate, having 4, 5, or 6 Quadrately-divaricate
, branching in such a manner
Perigone, the calyx and corolla.
plaits.
as to form a square.
Perigynous, inserted in the calyx, or in the disk Plumose, feathery, resembling feathers.
which adheres to the calyx.
Plumule, the centre bud between the cotyledons in Quadrifariously-imbricated, arranged in four rows
Quadrifarious, arranged in four rows or ranks.
Perisperm, the same as albumen, which see.
the embryo of a plant.
and imbricated.
Peristome, the rim which surrounds the orifice of Plurilocular, having many cells.
Quadrifid, divided four times, or divided into four
the theca of a moss.
Pod, a kind of seed-vessel, such as that of the pea
parts.
Peripheric, circular, curved.
tribe.
Quadripinnate, four times pinnate.
Perithecium, Peridium, different kinds of envelopes Podosperm, the stalk on which some seeds are borne. Quadruple, four times.
of the reproductive organs of Fungi.
Pollen, powder contained in the anthers, composed Quaternary, arranged by fours, or succeeding by
,
of globules, containing the fecundating fluid ; on
fours.
Persistent;} remaining, not falling off
leaves the bloom.
Quinary, arranged by fives or succeeding by fives.
Pervious, having a passage through which any thing Polyandrous, having more stamens than 20 inserted Quinate, in fives.
can be transmitted.
in the receptacle.
Quinate-pinnate, having five leaflets disposed in a
Petal-like-scales in Caryophylleæ, the scales which Polygamous, a plant is said to be polygamous when
pinnate manner.
are fixed to the petals at the throat.
Petalled, having petals.
Petaloid, like petals.
Polygamo-Diæcious, having male and female flowers Quintuple, five times.
Petals, divisions of a corolla.
on the same plant.
Petioladi;} having footstalks.
Polymorphous, assuming various appearances.
Polypetalous, having many petals.
R.
Petiolar, of or belonging to the petioles.
Polyphore, an elongated receptacle, which bears
Petioles, footstalks of leaves.
many ovaries, but not the petals nor stamens. Raceme, a particular arrangement of flowers, when
Petiolulate, having little petioles.
Polyspermous, containing many seeds.
they are arranged around a simple filiform axis,
Petiolules, little petioles.
Pome, an apple or pear, or such like fruits, crowned each particular flower being stalked.
Phænogamous, such plants as are visibly furnished by the calyx.
Racemiferous, bearing racemes.
with sexual organs.
Pores, apertures in the cuticle through which tran- Racemose, disposed in racemes.
Pharmaceutical, relating to the art of pharmacy. spiration takes place, or apertures in the an- Racemosely-corymbose, disposed in a manner between
Phthisis, relating to the lungs.
thers through which the pollen is ejected.
a corymb and a raceme, or numerous racemes
Phyllodium, a dilated petiole, with the consistence Porrect, extended forward.
forming a corymb.
of a leaf.
Pouch, a little sack or bag at the base of some petals Racemosely-panicled, disposed in a manner between
Pili, long stiffish hairs.
and sepals.
a raceme and panicle, or numerous racemes form
Piliate, having a cap or lid like the cap of a mushroom. Powdered, covered as if with powder.
ing a panicle.
Piliferous, bearing hairs.
Powdery,
Racemose-corymbs, between a raceme and a corymb.
Pilose, covered with long soft hairs.
Præmorse, appearing as if bitten off.
Racemules, small racemes.
Pilosely-hairy, covered with long hairs.
Precocity, ripe before the usual time.
Rachis, that part of a culm which runs up through
Pilosely-hispid, beset with stiff long hairs.
Pressed, close, not spreading.
the ear of corn, and consequently the part that
Pilosely-pubescent, covered with longish pubescence. Primordial, usually applied to leaves, the first leaves. bears the flowers in other plants; also the common
Pilosely-scabrous, covered with long stiff hairs. Prismatic, formed as a prism.
petiole of a pinnate leaf.
Pilosely-strigose, beset with unequal stiff hairs. Proboscis-like, having a beak, form of a trumpet,
a flower is said to be so when in a
Pilosely-tomentose, covered with longish tomentum. curved.
cluster or head of florets, those
, ,
of the circumference or ray are
long and spreading, and unlike
Pinna, Pinnula, the leaflets of a pinnate leaf. Proliferous, a plant is said to be proliferous when it Radiate, those of the disk. A stigma is
Pinnate, a leaf is so called when it is divided into produces young plants about its root in abun- Radiating, said to be rayed or radiant when
numerous smaller leaves or leaflets, as the leaves dance.
it is divided like the rays of a star,
of the ash.
Propendent, hanging forwards and downwards.
5-6-rayed, having 5-6-angles.
Pinnately-cut, cut in a pinnate manner.
Pruinose, covered with glittering particles, as if fine Radical, of or belonging to the root, or proceeding
Pinnately-decompound, compounded in a pinnate dew had been congealed upon it.
from the root.
manner.
Pruinosely-velvety or pubescent, covered with short Radicant, rooting, roots proceeding from the stem.
Pinnately-lobed, lobed in a pinnate manner.
glittering down.
Radicle, the root of an embryo.
Pinnate-parted, divided into lobes in a pinnate Prurient, stinging.
Radius, the ray of a compound flower.
manner, but not exactly to the base.
Pseudospermous, a false
seed, a small carpel, as those Rameal, of or belonging to the branches.
Pinnately-multifid, pinnate, and having the leaflets of Ranunculus and Clematis.
Ramenta, little brown withered scales, with which
finely-multifid.
Puberulous, covered with spreading down.
the stems of some plants, especially ferns, are
Pinnately-quinate, having 5 leaflets disposed in a Pubescence, down, short soft hairs.
covered.
pinnate manner.
Pubescent, covered with pubescence.
Ramentaceous, covered with ramenta or scales.
some flowers are male, mempel den.ale
, and others Quinquefied
; } divided into five.
}
Pippop.ecovered with minute pustules, resembling Processes
, } prstrusisons either natural or mon- Raged,
b 2

XX
GLOSSARY.
Reclinated,} leaning back.
Serrated,} like the teeth of a saw.
a
Ramifications, subdivisions of root, branches, leaves, Roundish-deltoid, form between orbicular and deltoid. Semi-cordate, half-cordate.
or panicles.
Roundish-obovate, roundly obovate.
Semi-orbicular, half-circular.
Ramose, branched.
,
Roundish-cordate, roundly cordate.
Semi-sagittate, half arrow-shaped.
Ramuli, twigs or small branches.
Roundish-ovate, roundly egg-shaped.
Seminal, of or belonging to the seed.
in seeds this is the channel of vessels, Rubefacient, any thing which reddens the skin, and Seminiferous, bearing seed.
which connects the chalaza with the raises slight cutaneous inflammation.
Sepals, the divisions of the calyx.
Raphe,
hilum; in umbelliferous plants it is Rudiment, when an organ is imperfectly developed, Sepalled, having sepals.
Raphis,
the line of junction, of the two halves botanists call such a rudiment, but sometimes Separable, that which is divisible.
of which their fruit is composed.
the permanent parts of the leaves are called rudi- Septa, the partitions which divide the interior parts
Receptacle, that part of the fructification which sup- ments of these leaves.
of the fruit, the dissepiments.
ports the other parts.
Rufescent, rather rusty.
Septiferous, bearing septa or partitions.
Rufescently-tomentose, covered with rusty down.
.
Series, a row, a layer.
Recesses, } the bays or sinuses of lobed leaves.
Rufous, reddish orange-colour, or rusty.
Sericeous, silky.
Rectilinear, straight lines.
Rugosities, protuberances.
Sericeously-velvety, velvety and silky.
,
Rugose, rough or coarsely wrinkled.
Rugoso-striated, having wrinkled stripes.
Reclinately-erect, at first leaning back, then erect, Rugulose, finely wrinkled.
Serratures, the teeth of a serrated leaf.
Recumbent, lying upon the ground.
Runcinate, applied to the lobes of leaves, a leaf Serrate-toothed, having teeth like a saw.
Recurved, curved backwards.
irregularly lobed, the lobes gradually diminish- Serrulated, having notches like those of a very fine
Reflexed, bent backwards.
ing to the base, and hooked back.
saw.
Refracted, bent back.
Runcinately-pectinate, runcinate and pectinate. Serrate-crenate, having notches between serratures
Refrigerant, producing coolness.
Runcinately-pinnatifid, pinnatifid, with the lobes and crenatures.
Reniform, kidney-shaped.
hooked back.
Serrulations, notchings like those of a very fine saw.
Reniform-cordate, between kidney-shaped and heart Runcinately-toothed, hooked back, and toothed. Sessile, without stalks.
shaped.
Runcinately-lyrate,lyrate, with the lobes hooked back. Setaceous
; } resembling a bristle in shape.
Repand, a leaf having its margin undulated and un- Runners, procumbent shoots, which root at their Setacious,
equally dilated, is said to be repand.
extremity.
Setaceously-toothed, having teeth like bristles.
Repandly-angular, repand and angular.
Running into, a leaf is said to run down into the Setaceously-pilose, covered with stiff bristle-like
Repand-crenated,
petiole, or down the stem, when it extends down hairs.
Repand-serrated,
toothed, serrated, crenated,
the petiole or stem, also applied to the calyx Sete, bristles.
Repand-toothed,
and undulated.
when it runs gradually into the pedicel.
Setiform, formed like bristles.
Repandly-toothed,
Ruptured, appearing as if burst.
Setigerous, bearing bristles.
Repandously-toothed,
Rusty-tomentose, covered with rusty tomentum. Setose, covered with bristles.
Repellant, that which drives away any thing.
Setosely-prickly, covered with stiff bristle-like
Replicate, folded back.
prickles.
Reptant, creeping and rooting.
S.
Sheath, the lower part of the leaf that surrounds
Resolwente,} having the power to dissolve.
the stem.
,
Saccate, bagged, having a bag or pouch, as in many Sherds, fragments of pots, employed by gardeners
Resupinate, inverted in position, so that that which petals and sepals.
to drain their flower-pots.
was in front becomes the back.
Sack-formed, formed like a sack or pouch.
Shield, a broad table-like process in the flower of
Reticulated, resembling a net, usually applied to the Sagittate, shaped like the head of an arrow.
Stapelia and its allies.
veins and nerves.
Sagittate and Sagittately, when joined by a hyphen Short-acuminated, having a short taper point.
Reticulately-areolate, having areolæ disposed like to another word, signifies a form between the two Shortly-bifid, slightly cleft in two parts at the
net-work.
words, as sagittate-cordate, sagittate-lanceolate. Shortly-2-cleft,) apex.
Reticulately-nerved, having nerves disposed like Salivation, a discharge of saliva from the glands of Sialagogue, having the power of exciting saliva, .
net-work.
the mouth.
Siliceous, flinty.
Reticulately-veined, the veins disposed in the manner Samara, a kind of winged seed-vessel, the same as Silicle, small short pod of Cruciferæ.
of a net.
what the English call a key, such as those of ash Siliculose, form of a silicle, a silicle.
Retracted,drawn in orlying between things; bent back. and sycamore.
Silique, the long terete pod of Crucifera.
Retrofracted, bent backwards.
Samaroid, having a seed-vessel like a samara. Siliquose, form of a silique, a silique.
а
Retroflexed, bent backwards.
Sapid, agreeable to the palate.
Silky-puberulous,
covered with silky pubescence
Retrograde, usually applied to hairs when they are Saponaceous, soapy.
Silky-pubescent,
bent back or down, instead of forward or up.
or tomentum.
Sarcocarp, the most fleshy part of fruit under the Silky-tomentose,
Retuse, appearing as if bit off at the end, abruptly epicarp.
Silky-villous, covered with silky hairs.
obtuse.
Sarmentose, producing sarmenta, or runners and Simple, the reverse of compound, not divided.
Revolute, rolled back, usually applied to the edges twigs.
Sinuate, cut in such a manner as to appear
of leaves.
Sawed, cut in such a manner as to resemble the Sinuated, bending in and out.
Rhizoma, applied to roots which spread under teeth of a saw.
-,
Rhysoma, S ground, as the roots of Iris.
Scabrous, rough from little asperities.
Sinuately-angutar,} angled in a sinuated manner.
Scale-formed, formed like scales.
Sinuately-lobed, lobed in a sinuated manner.
Scales, any small processes resembling minute leaves Sinuately-3-lobed, lobed with three sinuated lobes.
Rhomb,
or scales; also the leaves of the involucrum in Sinuately-pinnatifid, sinuated and pinnatifid, between
Rhomboid, shape of rhombus.
compositæ; also the appendages at the top of sinuate and pinnatifid.
Rhomboidal,
the claws of the petals in Caryophyllea.
Sinuately-curled, sinuate and curled.
between rhomboid and egg-
Rhomb-ovate,
Scandent, climbing
Sinuately-repand, scolloped and undulated.
Rhomboid-ovate,
shaped, between rhom- Scape, a stem rising from the root, and bearing Sinuately-runcinate, between scolloped and runci-
boid and lanceolate, and
Rhomboid-lanceolate,
nothing but the flowers, or sometimes a few nate.
between rhomboid and bracteas.
Rhomb-spatulate,
Sinuate-toothed, toothed in a sinuated man-
spatulate.
Scarious,
Sinuately-toothed, S
Rib, the projecting vein of any thing,
Scariose,
Rhizomatose,} having rhizoma.
Sinus, the bays or recesses formed by the lobes of
Ribbed, having projecting veins.
Scattered, without regularity.
leaves and other bodies.
Rigid, stiff.
Schistous, formed of the rock called schist.
Smooth, without hairs and smooth.
Rimose, having a longitudinal fissure or fissures, Scion, a shoot intended for a graft.
Smoothed, without hairs and glossy.
chinky.
Scolloped, having deep and wide indentations. Soboliferous, producing young plants from the root.
Ringent, gaping.
Scoria, cinders, ashes.
Soddened, soaked.
Ringing, making an incision resembling a ring Scrobiculate, excavated into little pits or hollows, Somniferous, causing sleep.
round a branch.
Scrotiform, formed like a double bag.
Soporific, causing sleep.
Rosellate, applied to leaves when they are disposed Scurfy, covered with scales resembling scurf. Sorediferous, bearing soredia.
Rosulate, in the manner of the petals of a rose. Scutate, formed like an ancient round buckler. Sori, the patches of fructification on the back of
Rotate, a monopetalous corolla, the limb of which is . Secund, arranged on one side only.
the fronds of ferns.
flat, and the tube very short, is called rotate, or Segments, parts of any thing.
Spacelate, withered or dead.
wheel-shaped.
Semi, half.
Spadix, a spike protracted from a spath.
ner.
} membranous and dry.

GLOSSARY.
xxi
a
Spath, a broad, sheathing leaf, enclosing flowers Stigma, the female organ of a flower.
Supine, lying with the face upwards.
Spatha,) arranged upon a spadix.
Stigmatose, when a stigma is long, lateral, or on one Suppurate, to generate matter.
Spathulate, shaped like a spatula, a knife so
a
side of the style.
Supra-axillary, above the axils, in opposition to
called, whose broadest end is at the
Spatulate,
Stimulating, exciting.
infra-axillary.
extremity.
Stipe, the stalk of a fruit within the corolla and Supra-decompound, above compound, doubly com-
Spathaceous, furnished with a spatha, or like a spath. calyx, or the claw of a petal.
pounded.
Spatula, a spatulate-shaped process.
Stipe-formed, having the form of a stipe.
Surculi, young shoots.
Spatulate-linear, between linear and spatulate. Stiped, having a stipe.
Suture, the line formed by the cohesion of two parts,
Spatulate, when joined by a hyphen to another word, Stipitate, furnished with a stipe.
usually applied to the fruit.
signifies a form between the two words, as spatu- Stipitately-unguiculate, having cylindrical unguis or Syngenesious, belonging to the 19th class in the
late-ovate, spatulate-roundish, spatulate-lanceolate,
claws.
sexual system.
spatulate-obovate, &c.
Stipulas, small scales or membranes at the base Synthetical, combining, opposed to analytical.
Spermaderm, the outer covering of a seed.
of the petioles, uncertain leaves, usu- Syphilitic, of or belonging to syphilis.
Stipules,
Spherical, round like a sphere.
ally one on each side.
Spheroida"
, } almost like a sphere.
Stipulateous,} furnished with stipulas.
T.
Spherules, minute spheres or globules.
Stipulaceously-dilated, when a petiole is dilated at
Spicate, having a spike.
the base it is so called.
Spicately-disposed, disposed in the manner of a Stipular, in place of stipulas.
Tails, the long feathery or hairy terminations of
spike.
Stipulary, occupying the place of stipulas.
certain fruits.
Spike, flowers sessile upon a long rachis, as Vero- Stipuled, having stipulas.
Tap-root, a root which penetrates deep and per-
nica spicata.
Stolons, runners which root at the joints, as those pendicularly into the ground without dividing.
Spiked, having a spike.
of the strawberry.
Tapering, becoming gradually narrower.
Spike-formed, formed like a spike.
Stoloniferous, bearing creeping runners which root Taper-pointed, having a long taper point.
Spikelets, in grasses, flowers arranged in two rows, at the joints.
Tartareous, consisting of tartar.
as in Bromus, small spikes.
Stomachic, agreeable to the stomach.
Teated, resembling the figure of a teat in animals.
Spinulosely-toothed, having spiny teeth, or small Strangury, a disease, also produced on plants by Tendrils, the curling, twining organs by which some
, ,
teeth like spines.
tight ligatures.
plants lay hold of others, as the vine.
Spines, indurated branches or processes not falling Strata, layers, beds.
Tendrilled, having tendrils.
off from the part that bears them.
Streaks, little channels, furrows, or lines.
Terete, like a taper, round and long.
Spinescent, furnished with soft spine-like processes. Striæ, small streaks.
Terminal, ending, or at the top of any thing.
Spiniform, formed like a spine.
Striated, having streaks.
Tern, in threes, or three in a whorl.
Spinulescent, having a tendency to produce small Strict, upright, straight, not crooked.
Ternary, consisting of threes, or succeeding by
spine-like processes.
Strige, little, upright, unequal, stiff hairs, swelled threes.
Spinoses;} furnished with spines or form of spines.
at their roots.
.
Ternate, a leaf consisting of three leaflets, 2-3-ter-
Strigose, covered with strigæ.
nate, twice or thrice ternate.
Spinosely-toothed, having sharp stiff teeth like Strigosely-pilose, covered with long, stiff, unequal Ternately-decompound, compounded in a ternate
Spinously-toothed, spines.
hairs, swelled at their roots.
manner.
Spinosely-serrated, having serratures like spines. Strigosely-muricated, covered with stiff unequal Ternately-verticillate, having three leaves in a whorl.
Spinosely-trifid, divided into three spines.
points, swelled at their roots.
Tessellated, variegated by squares, chequered.
Spinulose, furnished with small spines.
Strobile, a fir cone; the fruit of Magnolia, and such Testa, the skin or integument of a seed.
Spiny, furnished with a spine or spines.
like, are so called.
Testaceous, consistence of a shell.
Spiny-ciliated, edged with stiff processes like spines. Strophiola, a round protuberance at the base of
.
Tetanus, cramp of the stomach.
Spiny-serrated, having the serratures or teeth ter-
some seeds.
Tetrachotomous, a stem that ramifies in fours.
minated by spines.
Strophiolate, having a strophiola.
Tetragonal, having four angles.
Spiny-toothed, having teeth like spines.
Struma, a wen, a protuberance.
Tetragynous, having four styles.
Siliculæform, form of a silicle.
Strumore; } covered with strumæ.
Tetrandrous, having four stamens.
Spiral, circularly involved, twisted like a screw.
Tetrapetalous, having four petals.
Spirally-convolute, rolled together in a spiral manner. Stupa, filamentose matter.
Tetraquetrous, having four angles or sides.
Spirally-twisted, twisted like a screw.
Stupose, full of filamentose matter.
Tetrasepalous, having four sepals.
Sporules, that part of cryptogamous plants which Style, the stalk which intervenes between the ovary Thalamus, that part of a flower which rises below
answers to the seeds of other plants.
and the stigma and bearing the latter. The the ovarium, and sometimes supports the outer
Sporuliferous, bearing sporules.
styles are called short in Oxalis when they are envelopes as well as the stamens in all the Tha-
Spurious, counterfeit.
shorter than the shortest stamens.
lamiflora.
(long processes resembling horns, pro- Styliferous, bearing a style or styles.
Thallus, that part which bears the fructification in
Spurs, duced by various parts of a flower; in Styptic, having the power to staunch blood.
lichens.
Spur, Aconitum the process which terminates Sub, in composition, signifies somewhat, as sub-
,
Thecæ, the cases that contain the sporules of cryp-
the petal or nectary.
rotund, somewhat round, or roundish; substipi- togamic plants.
Squamiform, like scales, formed like scales.
tate, having a very short stipe; subcaulescent, Thecaphore, an elongated receptacle, which bears
,
Squarrose, spreading stiffly at right angles or in a having a kind of stem ; subumbellate, somewhat one ovary only but not the petals, nor sta-
greater degree.
umbellate; subsagittate, somewhat sagittate; sub- mens; example the caper.
Squarrosely-imbricated, laid over each other in a lobate, somewhat lobed ; subdentate, somewhat Thready, having long hairs like threads.
squarrose manner.
toothed; subradical, almost radical, and so forth. Threads, long hairs like threads.
Squinancy, an inflammation in the throat.
Subalate, with a narrow wing or margin.
Throat, the orifice of a flower.
Stalks, the footstalks of leaves or flowers.
Suberose, corky.
Thyrse, a kind of dense panicle, like that of the
Stalked, having stalks.
Subulate, form of an awl, tapering to a point.
lilac.
Stamen, the male organ of a flower.
Subulate-conical, between awl-shaped and conical. Thyrsoid, resembling a thyrse.
Staminiferous, bearing stamina.
Succulent, fleshy, and filled with juice.
Tissue, may be composed of membranes, bladders,
Staminiferous-tube, the tube which is formed from Sudorific, having the power of producing perspi- cells or fibres.
the cohesion of the filaments.
ration.
Tomentose, covered with dense curled white down or
Standard, the upper petal in pea-flowers.
Suffrutescent,
hairs.
Starry, stellate, in the manner of a star, radiating. Suffruticose, shrubby in a slight degree.
Tomentosely-cinereous, covered with grey tomentum.
Starry-pubescent. See Stellately-pubescent.
Suffruticulose, S
Tomentosely-scabrous, covered with rough tomentum.
Stellate-hairs, tufts of hairs radiating like a star.
Tomentosely-hairy, covered with long tomentum.
Stellately-pubescent, covered by starry tufts of down.
Tomentosely-hispid, covered with stiff tomentum.
Stellulate, resembling little stars.
Superior, when any thing is above the ovarium it is Tomentosely-hoary, covered with hoary tomentum.
Stellately-spreading, disposed or spreading in the called superior; the uppermost of any thing; the Tomentosely-pilose, covered with long tomentum.
Stellately-disposed, manner of a star.
ovary or fruit is so called when it is above the Tomentosely-villous, covered with villous tomentum.
Stem-clasping, clasping the stem ; a leaf is so called calyx, petals, and stamens; a radicle is said to be Tomentosely-pubescent, covered with pubescent to-
when it clasps the stem with its base.
superior when in that end of the seed furthest
mentum.
Sterile, barren.
from the hylum.
Tomentum, dense, close, white curled hairs or down.
Sternutory, qualities which provoke sneezing. Supernatant, floating on the surface of any thing. Tonic, bracing, corroborative.
9
a
Sulcatea, } furrowed, having furrows.

xxii
GLOSSARY.
, }
Umbilicatea,} hollowed like the navel.
Undulatea,} waved, rising and falling
Trónde nerves the leagued the baseowing out three Undulately relea
, } rugged.com wrinkled and Villously-paiesceny eredered with softes
Toothed, divided so as to resemble teeth.
U.
Varicose, swollen here and there.
Toothletted, furnished with little teeth.
Vascular, composed of tubes or vessels.
Topical, local, confined to some particular place. Umbellulate, disposed in small umbels.
Vaulted, formed or placed like the roof of a vault.
Torose, uneven, alternately elevated and depressed. Umbellate, having the flowers in round flat heads, Veinless, without veins.
Tortuous, twisted.
the peduncles originating from a common centre, Velvety, covered with down like velvet.
Torulose, slightly torose.
as in the carrot.
Velvety-puberulous, covered with velvety down.
Torus, the same as Thalamus.
Umbellately-branched, branched in an umbellate Velvety-pubescent, covered with soft, pressed down,
Transversely-flexuous, bent in a cross direction.
manner.
like velvet.
Transversely-plicate, plaited in a cross direction. Umbelliferous, bearing umbels.
Velvety-tomentose, covered with soft tomentum like
Trapesiform, } in the shape of a trapezium.
Umbellules, small umbels, the divisions of an velvet.
Umbellets,
Veneering, the art of covering one kind of wood
Trapezoid, having the form of a trapezium.
Umbels, the flat tuft of flowers produced by a with thin plates of another kind.
Triandrous, having three stamens.
carrot, the peduncles and pedicels always rising Ventricose, inflated.
Tribracteate, having three bracteas.
from a common centre.
Vermicular, having the appearance of a worm.
Trichotomous, branches dividing in threes.
Umbilical, of or belonging to the umbilicus.
Vermifuge, that which expels worms.
Trichotomously-panicled, having a panicle, whose
,
Vernacular, native.
branches divide in threes.
Vernal, belonging to the spring.
Tricoccous, a fruit of 3 1-seed cells is so called, as Umbilicus, the cord which attaches the seed to the Versatile, swinging lightly on a stalk, so as to be
those of Euphorbia.
placenta.
continually changing direction.
Tricuspidate, having three points.
Umbonate, having a top in the centre like that of Vertex, the uppermost point.
Tridentate, having three teeth.
the ancient shield.
Vertical, perpendicular.
Trifarious, arranged in triple rank or in three rows. Unarmed, destitute of prickles or spines, which are Vertically-compressed, that is depressed.
Trifoliate, having three leaflets.
called the arms of plants.
Verticillate, disposed in a whorl.
а
Trifid, divided into three, or not to the base. Unappendiculate or inappendiculate, without appen- Vertilinear, the same as rectilinear.
Trigonal, having three angles.
dages of any kind.
Vesicatories, blistering plasters.
Trigynous, having three styles.
Uncinate, hooked.
Vesicles, hollow excrescences, resembling bladders.
Trilocular, having three cells.
Uncinately-inflexed, hooked inwards.
Vexillum, standard, the upper petal of a pea-flower.
Tripetaloid, appearing as if furnished with three Unctuous, fat, oily.
Villi, long, close, rather soft hairs.
petals.
Villous, covered with soft, close, long, loose hairs.
Tripetalous, having three petals.
Villously-ciliated, ciliated with soft hairs.
Tripinnate, thrice-pinnate.
Undulately-crenated, crenated and waved.
Villously-cinereous, covered with grey, soft, long
Tripinnatifid, thrice pinnatifid.
Undulately-curled, curled and waved.
loose hairs.
side a little above .
, covered long pubes-
Triquetrous, having three sides or angles.
Unequal, when applied to petals or sepals, indicates cence.
Triquetrously-2-edged, having only two edges, the that they are of unequal size and shape.
Villously-tomentose, covered with soft long tomentum.
third being nearly obsolete.
Unequal-sided, having unequal sides.
Violaceous, the colour of a violet.
Trisected, cut into three parts.
Virescent, greenish.
Triternate, thrice ternate.
Triturated, reduced to powder by pounding.
Trochleate, twisted like a pully.
Unilabiate, having only one lip.
Viviparous, bearing young plants in the place of
Trochleately-arched, twisted and arched.
Unilateral, one-sided, or leaning to one side.
flowers and seed.
Tropical, belonging to the torrid zone.
Unilocular, having one cell.
Vulnerary, useful in the cure of wounds.
Truncate, blunt, as if cut off.
Unisexual, being of one sex.
Vulviform, like a cleft with projecting edges.
a
Truncately-obtuse, blunt, and as if cut off.
Urceolar, of or belonging to an urceolus, having an
Truncately-triangular, cut off at end so as to give urceolus, or expanded into an urceolus; usually
W.
the leaf a triangular figure.
applied to the disk.
Tube of stamens or staminiferous tube, the tube Urceolate, pitcher-shaped.
Warted, covered with protuberances like warts.
formed from the cohesion of the filaments in Urceolus, the filaments may be joined into a pitcher- Wattled, having processes like the wattles of a
monadelphous flowers is so called.
shaped body, this is called the urceolus of the
cock.
Tube of calyx, the tube formed from the cohesion
stamens, or they may be surrounded by a pitcher- Wavy, undulated.
of the sepals.
shaped membrane, this is also called an urceolus. Waved, having wavy edges.
Tubercled,
Ustulate, blackened.
White-velvety, covered with white down like velvet.
Tuberculate,
covered with knots or tubercles. Uterine, belonging to the womb.
Whorled, disposed in whorls or whirls.
Tuberculated,
Uterus, the womb.
Whorls, leaves inserted round a stem, as those of
Tubercular,
Utricle, a little bottle or bladder.
Hippuris or Equisetum.
Tuberculately-hairy, covered with stiff short hairs
Utricular, composed of little bladders.
Wing, in botany, signifies a membranous border,
resembling tubercles.
wherewith many seeds are supported in the air,
Tuberous, bearing fleshy, solid, roundish or longish
when floating from place to place.
roots, like the potatoe.
V.
Wings, the side petals of a pea-flower.
a
Tubers, roots so called, potatoes.
Wing-formed, having the form of a wing.
Tubular, forming a tube.
Winged, having a wing or wings.
Tufted, forming a dense tuft.
Valvate, opening like valves.
Wrinkled, having an uneven surface.
Tumid, swelling.
Valvately-connate, joined like valves.
Tunic, a coat, a seed cover.
Valvæform, form of a valve.
Z.
Tunicated, having a coat or coats.
Valveless, without valves.
Turbinate,
Valvular, consisting of valves.
Zonate, having a dark belt in the shape of a horse-
Turbinated, S.
having the figure of a top.
Valvular-dissepiments, having dissepiments or par- shoe, as in some species of Pelargonium.
Turbinately-globose, between the form of a top and titions in the centre of the valves.
Zones, stripes or belts.
a globe.
Valves, the divisions of a capsule.
Zigzag, a stem is called zigzag when it bends from
Turgid, swollen, puffed up.
Valved, having valves,
side to side.
Unguiculated
, } furnished with claws or an unguis.
Unguis, the taper-base of a petal or any thing else. Viscous
, }adhesive, clammy.
,
}

INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME,
COMPRISING THE
SYSTEMATIC AND ENGLISH GENERIC NAMES, AND THE ENGLISH AND SYSTEMATIC SYNONYMES.
In this Index the systematic names used, and the English names in common use, are in Roman letters ; the synonymes in Italics ; the names of
Classes, Sub-classes, and Orders in large capitals; and the names of Sub-orders and Tribes in small capitals.
A.
Allophyllus, 663, 664
Apeiba, 554
Balanites, 774
Almeidea, 798
Aphanamixis, 685
Balanopteris, 518
Abatia,
Alsodea, 341
Aphania, 672
Balbisia, 768
Aberemoa, 98
Alsodea, 340, 341. 343 Aphanostemma, 42
Balsam, 748, 749
Ablania, 556
ALSODINEÆ, 340
Aphragmus, 223
Balsam-tree, 616
Abroma, 522
Alsine, 425. 427, 428, 429. Aplophyllum, 780
Balsamina, 748
Abuta, 112
434, 435, 436.442.
Aporetica, 664
BALSAMINEÆ, 748
Abutilon, 500
ALSINEÆ, 418
Apple-berry, 373
Banara, 295
Abutilon, 497, 498
Alsinella, 434
Aquilegia, 49
Bane-berry, 65
Acer, 648
Althæa, 466
Aquilicia, 712
Banffya, 384
Acer, 651
Althæa, 474
ARABIDEÆ, 151
Banisteria, 643
Aceratium, 560
Altheria, 531
Arabis, 161. 269
Banisteria, 639. 646, 647
ACERINEÆ, 647
ALYSSINEÆ, 173
Arabis, 158. 160, 161. 166, BANISTERIEÆ, 641
Achania, 475
Alyssum, 179
167. 169. 173. 176. 208. Barbadoes-cherry, 634. 636
Achlys, 120
Alyssum, 175, 176, 177, 178. 213. 253. 265
Barbadoes-grape-fruit, 592
Acladodea, 669
180, 181. 187. 192. 214, Architæa, 572
Barbarea, 159
Acmadenia, 785
215
Arenaria, 431
Barberry, 115
Aconite, 55
American-cress, 159
Arenaria, 424, 425, 426. 431. Barclaya, 124
Aconitum, 54
American-elm, 523
441. 447, 448
Barosma, 785
Acosmia, 448
Amirola, 673
Aretia, 186
Barraldeia, 808
Acosmus, 640
Amomilla, 558
Argemone, 134
Barren-wort, 120
ACOTYLEDONEÆ, 1 Ampacus, 804
Argemone, 134
Bartramia, 544. 546
Acronodia, 561
AMPELIDEÆ, 689
Arnotta, 294
Bastard-cedar, 523. 687
Actæa, 64
Ampelopsis, 694
Aromadendron, 85
Bastard-cress, 190, 191, 192
Actæa, 72
Amygdala, 651
Aroma-tree, 85
Bastard-hemp, 290
Adam-apple, 589
Anamirta, 109
Arongana, 614
Bastardia, 497
Adansonia, 509
Anastatica, 199
Arrudea, 617
Batschia, 113
Adansonia, 509
Anastatica, 198
Arsis, 286
Bea-larkspur, 52
Adenandra, 782
ANASTATICEÆ, 199
Artabotrys, 94
Bead-tree, 680, 681
Adenandra, 782, 783.785, Anatropa, 774
Aruba, 798. 811
Bean-caper, 771, 772
786
Anchietea, 340
Asaphes, 808
Beatsonia, 377
Adenodus, 559
ANCHONIEÆ, 225
Ascyrum, 612
Beaver-tree, 82
Adlumia, 141
Anchonium, 226
Ascyrum, 607
Beauharnoisia, 617
Adonis, 23
Andreoskia, 204
Ascyum, 624, 625
Bengal Quince, 587
Adonis, 22
Androsace, 186
Asimina, 91
BERBERIDEÆ, 114
Adostemon, 117
Androsæmum, 601
Aspicarpa, 640
Berberis, 114
Adrastaa, 75
Androphilax, 107
Assa, 69
Berberis, 118
Adyseton, 177
Anemone, 15
Assonia, 536
Bergera, 586
Ægle, 587
Anemone, 15. 22
Astrapæa, 538
Bergeretia, 181
Æsculus, 652
ANEMONEÆ, 11
Astropus, 531
Bergia, 42). 449
Æsculus, 653
Angostura-bark, 797
Atalantia, 583
Berrya, 558
Æthionema, 222
Anise-seed-tree, 79
Aubertia, 804
Bessera, 292
Agathosma, 786
Anneslea, 565
Aubletia, 554, 555
Berteroa, 175
Agathosma, 783. 789
Anneslea, 124
Aubrietia, 176
Bicuculla, 141
Agdestis, 113
Annona, 85. 91, 92
Aulacea, 585
Biebersteinia, 774
Aglaia, 585
Anoda, 489
AURANTIACEÆ, 582 Billardiera, 372
Agrostemma, 416
Anodontea, 180
Aurinia, 177. 179. 266
Biophytum, 753
Agrostemma, 415. 417
Anomalopteris, 647
Averrhoa, 752
Biporeia, 647. 811
Ailantus, 887
Anona, 87
Awl-wort, 268
Biscutella, 196. 269
Akee-tree, 669
Anona, 94
Ayenia, 525
Biscutella, 198. 216. 254
Akeesia, 669
ANONACEÆ, 86
Azanza, 485
Bitter-wood, 96, 97
Aldrovanda, 346
Anotta, 294
Azara, 297
Bivonæa, 221
Alectryon, 675
Anthodon, 627, 628
Bixa, 294
Alegria, 557
Anthodus, 627, 628
BIXINEÆ, 293
Alleluja, 765
Antholoma, 623
B.
Black-hellebore, 46
Alliaria, 209
Antichorus, 542
Black-mustard, 248
Alligator-apple, 88
Apatelia, 568
Badiera, 363
Blackburnia, 806
Bladder-catchfly, 399
Bland's-grape, 711
Blighia, 669
Blood-root, 136
Blumea, 573
Bocagea, 100
Bocconia, 136
Bocconia, 137
Boleum, 254
BOMBACEÆ, 505
Bombax, 511
Bombax, 511, 512, 513, 514.
569
Bonannia, 250, 251, 669
Bonnetia, 570
Bonnetia, 570
Bonplandia, 797
Bootia, 397
Borecole, 227, 228, 229
Boronia, 793
Boscia, 277
Boscia, 808
Boymia, 805
Brachycarpæa, 268
BRACHYCARPE Æ, 268
Brachylobos, 157, 158
Brachystemma, 447
Branching-annual-stock, 201
Brasenia, 122
Brassica, 226
Brassica, 212, 213. 251, 252,
253, 254. 264
BRASSICEÆ, 226
Braunea, 108
Braya, 160
Bredemeyera, 369
Breynia, 284
Brindonia, 621
Brocoli, 228. 233. 236, 237,
238
Brompton-stock, 269
Brownlowia, 553
Brussels-sprouts, 227
Brucea, 800
Brucea, 808
Brunellia, 801
Brunia, 785
Bubroma, 522, 523
Buckler-mustard, 196, 197.
269
Bucco, 782, 783.785, 786,
787, 788, 789
Buffonia, 419
Bug-wort, 64
Buku, 786
Bull or Bullet-grape, 711, 712
Bunchosia, 638

xxiv
INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME.
BUNIADEÆ, 263
Cardamine, 167
Cistus, 298
Bunias, 263
Cardamine, 164. 166.171, 172, Cistus, 302-315
Bunias, 198. 200. 215. 254, 173, 174. 208. 269.
Citrons, 587, 588, 589
255. 259, 260. 263, 264 Cardaria, 217
Citrus, 587
Burasaia, 104
Cardiospermum, 656
Citrus, 587
Bursaria, 374
Carictera, 542
Clausena, 586
Butter-cups, 36. 40
Carnation, 388-391
CLEMATIDEÆ, 3
Butter-flower, 36. 40
Carolinea, 510
Clematis, 3
Butter-nut, 654
Carpodontos, 613
Clematis, 10, 11
Butter and Tallow-tree, 619 Carpolobia, 370
Cleome, 272
Buttnesia, 523
Carrichtera, 254
Cleome, 166. 214. 267. 271,
Byblis, 347
Caryocar, 653
272. 275. 277, 278
Byrsonima, 636
CARYOPHYLLEÆ, 379 CLEOMEÆ, 271
Byttneria, 524
Casalea, 42
Cleomella, 271
BYTTNERIACEÆ, 518 Castalia, 125, 126
Cleyera, 566
BYTTNERIEÆ, 521
Castanea, 555
Cleyera, 565
Castela, 817
Clompanus, 516, 517
Catchfly, 398-414
Clove-pink, 387
c.
Caucanthus, 639
Cow-cabbage, 229
Cauliflower, 228. 233-236 Clugnia, 76
Cabbage, Thousand - headed, Caulophyllum, 119, 120 Clusia, 616
228
Cavanillesia, 509
Clusia, 617, 618
Cabbage, Cow, 229
Cedrate Lemons, 587
CLUSIEÆ, 615
Cabbages, Red and White, Cedrates, 587
Clypea, 113
227.231, 232, 233. 245, 246, Cedrela, 686
Clypeola, 181
247, 248
CEDRELIACEÆ,
Clypeola, 175. 177, 178. 196
Cabomba, 121
Cedrus, 687
Cocculus, 104
Cacao, 521, 522
Celandine, 138
Cochlearia, 187
Cacao, 521, 522
Celastrus, 374
Cochlearia, 214, 215, 216, 217,
Cadaba, 277
CELLULARES, 1
225. 256
Cakile, 200
Ceranthera, 341
Cochlospermum, 569
Cakile, 225. 250. 259, 260. Cerastium, 441
Cola, 515
264
Cerastium 420. 424. 428. Colbertia, 77
,
CAKILINEÆ, 200
430, 431
Coleonema, 783
Calabura, 554
Ceratocephalus, 25
Cole-seed, 241. 244, 245
Calepina, 255
Chadara, 548. 550, 551 Coleworts, 227
Calepina, 255
Chatea, 525
Colomba-root, 107
Calinea, 71
Chalcas, 585
Colona, 552
Calligonum, 72
Chamira, 264
Colsa or Colsat, 241
Callirrhoe, 504
Champawk, 81
Columbia, 552
Calodendron, 782
Charlock, 279
Columbine, 49
CALOPHYLLIEÆ, 621
Cheiranthus, 154. 160
Columella, 473
Calophyllum, 622
Cheiranthus, 151-153. 159. Comesperma, 362
Calophyllum, 621. 639
173, 174. 187. 201-210. Commersonia, 523
Caltha, 43
213
Commersonia, 524
Caltha, 43. 63
Cheiranthodendron, 514
Common-lime, 590
Caltrops, 769
Cheirinia, 210
Conchocarpus, 798
Calpandria, 686
Cheirostemon, 514
Cookia, 585
CALYCIFLORÆ, 2
Chelidonium, 138
Copal, Indian, 814
Calypso, 629
Chelidonium, 135, 137, 138 Coptis, 46
Calyptranthes, 781
Cherleria, 447
Corchorus, 542
Calyptrion, 318
Cherimoyer, 89
Corchorus, 542
Camarea, 640
Chica, 517
Cordylocarpus, 200
Camboge, 620
Chickweed, 428
Cordylocarpus, 250. 264
Cambogia, 620
Chicken-grape, 711
Coriaria, 818
Camelina, 214
Chisocheton, 685
CORIARIEÆ, 818
Camelina, 187
Chitonia, 773
Coringia, 213
Camellia, 574-578
CHLENACEÆ, 561
COROLLIFLORÆ, 2
Camellia, 574-578
Chloromyrum, 615
Coronopus, 216, 217. 268
CAMELLIEÆ, 574
Chloroxylon, 688
Corræa, 790
Camphor-tree, 813, 814 Chocolate-nut, 521, 522 Corydalis, 141
Campylia, 730
Choisya, 796
Corydalis, 140, 141. 144
Cananga, 97
Chondodendron, 106
Corynandra, 275
Candollea, 74
Chorisia, 513
Corynostylis, 318
Candy-tuft, 194, 195.269
Chorispermum, 200, 201 Coscinium, 109
Canella, 679
Chorispora, 200
Cossignia, 672
Cape-kale, 509
Chou Rave, 228. 233
Cotton, 486, 487
Capellia, 77
Christiana, 556
COTYLEDONEÆ, 1
Caper-tree, 278-285
Christmas-rose, 45
Cotyliscus, 217
Capers, 278
Chrysogonum, 119
Cowhage-cherry, 634
Capnorchis, 140
Chrysopia, 618
Crambe, 256
CAPPAREÆ, 276
CHRYSOPIEÆ, 618
Crambe, 215. 225. 256
CAPPARIDEÆ, 270
Ciconium, 732
Crane's-bill, 715-721
Capparis, 270
Cienfuegia, 488
Craspedum, 560
Capparis, 276, 277, 278. 285, Cienfuegosia, 488
Cratæva, 276
286
Cimicifuga, 64
Cratæva, 277. 587
Capsella, 216
Cipadessa, 680
Cratoxylum, 613
Capsella, 190
Cissampelos, 109
Cremolobus, 198
Carambolas, 753
Cissampelos, 105. 112
Cress-rocket, 254
Caraipa, 570
Cissus, 689
Cristaria, 489
Carapa, 685
Cissus, 694. 710
Croton, 630
Carara, 216
CISTINEÆ, 297
Crowea, 792
Crowea, 792
Doliocarpus, 71
Crowfoot, 25-41
Dombeya, 536
CRUCIFERÆ, 146
Dombeya, 537
Cuckoo-buds, 40
DOMBEYACEÆ, 535
Cuckoo-flower, 169
Double-catchfly, 415
Cuckoo's-meat, 765
Double - white Batchelor's-
Cucubalus, 398
buttons, 30
Cucubalus, 381. 398-402. 405. Dove's-foot, 719
407-409. 412, 413
Draba, 182
Cucullaria, 140
Draba, 175, 176. 179. 182.
Cucumber-tree, 83. 753
187. 189. 193. 215. 217.
Culhamia, 517
268
Cumunium, 586
Drimys, 79
Cupania, 667
Drosera, 343
Curatella, 72
Drosera, 347
Curtisia, 803
DROSERACEÆ, 343
Cusparia, 797
Drosophyllum, 347
CUSPARIEÆ, 796
Drymaria, 426
Custard-apple, 87
Dryobalanops, 813
Cyamus, 123, 124. 126
Drypis, 418
Cyminosma, 781
Duquetia, 97
Cyrilla, 374
Durandia, 263
Cysticapnos, 141
Durio, 513
Durion, 513, 514
Duck's-foot, 121
D.
Dwarf-box, 36
Dyers'-weed, 288
Dactylicapnos, 140
Dyers'-woad, 224
Dame's-violet, 203. 269 Dysoxylum, 683
Dammer-tree, 814
Dysoxylum, 682
Datisca, 290
DATISCEÆ, 290
Davilla, 70
E.
Dayenia, 526
Delima, 71
Echinocarpus, 295
DELIMACEÆ, 68
Ecthrus, 134
Delphinium, 50
Egyptian-bean, 123
Dentaria, 171
Egyptian-kale, 233
Dentaria, 170
Egyptian-lotos, 126
Desmos, 95
Ehrenbergia, 769
Dianthus, 384
Ekebergia, 683
Dianthus, 383
ELÆOCARPEÆ, 558
Dicera, 560
Elæocarpus, 559
Dichosma, 787
Elæocarpus, 560. 814
DICOTYLEDONEÆ, 1 Elatine, 420. 449
Dictamnus, 781
ELATINEÆ, 449
Dictamnus, 782
Elephant-apple, 587
Dictyoloma, 800
Eliea, 613
Didesmus, 259
Elk-wood, 83
Didesmus, 264
Elkaja, 682
Didymocheton, 685
Elodea, 612
Dielytra, 140
Elvasia, 817
Diglottis, 798
Empedoclea, 71
Dileptium, 221
Empleurum, 790
Dillenia, 77
Enarthrocarpus, 260
Dillenia, 75, 76, 77, 567 ENDOGENEÆ, 1
DILLENIACEÆ, 68
Enemion, 47
DILLENIEÆ, 72
Enourea, 662
Dimacria, 728, 729
Entelea, 541
Dimereza, 669
Entoganum, 795
Dimocarpus, 670
Epecacuanha, White, 335
Dionæa, 347
Ephielis, 670
Diosma, 783
Epibaterium, 106. 108
Diosma, 783. 790. 807
Epicharis, 684
DIOSMEÆ - AUSTRALASICÆ, Epimedium, 119
790
Eranthis, 45
DIOSMEÆ-CAPENSES, 782 Eriodendron, 512
Diosmeæ-Europæanæ, 781 Erioglossum, 666
Diphylleia, 120
Eriolana, 539
DIPLECOLOBEÆ, 264
Eriolana, 538
Diplolana, 790
Eriostemon, 792
Diplopetalum, 669
Eriostemon, 560.782. 791,792
Diplophractum, 554
Erodium, 721
Diplophractum, 554
Erophila, 187
Diplotaxis, 252
Eroteum, 567
DIPTEROCARPEÆ, 812 Erpetion, 334
Dipterocarpus, 812
Eruca, 253
Discocapnos, 146
Eruca, 246, 247. 252, 253
Discovium, 181
Erucago, 263
Dobinea, 651
Erucaria, 264
Dodonæa, 673
ERUCARIEÆ, 264
DODONÆACEÆ, 672
Erucastrum, 249

INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME.
XXV
.
Kleinhovia, 526
Klutia, 205
Knol-kohl, 228, 233
Knowltonia, 22
Kalera, 292
Kola, 515
Kohl-rübi, 228
-rabi, 233
Koelreuteria, 672
Koelreuteria, 657
Kollea, 45
Koniga, 175
Krameria, 370
Kuhlia, 297
Kydia, 538
L.
Erysimum, 209
G.
Gypsophila, 381
Hooded-violet, 318
Erysimum, 158, 159. 205, 206,
Gypsophila, 384. 396, 397. Hopea, 814
207, 208, 209. 246, 247. Gaertnera, 639
437. 448
Horn-poppy, 138
252
Gaissenia, 45
Gyrostemon, 556
Horse-chesnut, 652
Erythrochiton, 799
Galipea, 797
Horse-radish, 188
ERYTHROSPERMEÆ, 293 Galphimia, 639
Hortia, 796
Erythrospermum, 293
Galphimia, 636, 639, 640
H.
Hottonia, 448
ERYTHROXYLEÆ, 630 Galvezia, 800
Hudsonia, 315
Erythroxylon, 630
Gamboge, 620
Hæmocarpus, 614
Hugonia, 562
Erythroxylon, 633
Ganitrus, 559
Hamocharis, 569
Humiria, 676
Eschscholzia, 137
Garcinia, 619
Hamadryas, 24
Humirium, 676
Esenbeckia, 556. 795
Garcinia, 621
Hare's-foot, 213
HUMIRIACEÆ, 675
Espera, 557
GARCINIEÆ, 618
Haronga, 614
Hunnemania, 135
Ethiopian-pepper, 95 Garden-cress, 218
Harpulia, 669
Hutchinsia, 192
Euchætis, 785
Garden-pink, 395
Harrisonia, 811
Hutchinsia, 191
EUCLIDIEÆ, 198
Garden-rocket, 253, 254 Hartogia, 782-787
Hybanthus, 339
Euclidium, 198
Garidella, 47
Hasseltia, 296
Hydnocarpus, 293
Euclidium, 199
Garlic-pear, 279
Havetia, 618
Hydrastis, 22
Eucryphia, 613
Gaudichaudia, 640
Heart-pea, 656
HYDROPELTIDEÆ, 121
EUCRYPHIEÆ, 613
Gaya, 497
Heart-seed, 656, 657
Hydropeltis, 122
Eudema, 215
Geeria, 566
Heart's-ease, 332
Hydropityon, 448
Eunomia, 222
Gela, 582
Hebeandra, 366, 367
Hymenanthera, 342
Euonymus, 815
Gelonium, 669
Hecatonia, 29, 33
Hymenella, 420
Euphoria, 670
Gemella, 664
Hedge-mustard, 205-209 Hypecoum, 138
Eupomatia, 91
GERANIACEÆ, 713
Hedwigia, 683
Hypelate, 671
Eurya, 566
Geranium, 715
Heisteria, 581
HYPERICEÆ, 601
EURYEÆ, 565
Geranium, 714, 715. 721-743. Heisteria, 364
HYPERICINEÆ, 599
Euryanthe, 505
745
Helianthemum, 301
Hypericum, 601
Euryale, 124
German-catchfly, 415
Helianthemum, 73
Hypericum, 573. 600, 601.
Euryandra, 69
Geruma, 678
Helicteres, 506
612, 613
Euthemis, 558
Gilibertia, 679
Helicteres, 517
Eutrema, 215
Githago, 417
Heliocarpus, 542
Euzomum, 253
Glandulifolia, 782, 783
Heliophila, 264
I.
Evodia, 795
Glaucium, 137
Heliophila, 165. 264. 268
Evodia, 804
Glaucium, 137
HELIOPHILEÆ, 264
Iberis, 193. 269
EXOGENEÆ, 1
Globe-flower, 44
Hellebore, 46
Iberis, 192, 193. 219. 222
Eystathes, 675
Globe-mallow, 465
HELLEBOREÆ, 43
Icacina, 582
Glossarrhen, 320
Helleborus, 45
Iler, 118
Glossospermum, 538
Helleborus, 45. 47
ILLICIEÆ, 78
F.
Glossostemon, 523
Helleria, 676
Illicium, 78
Gluta, 539
Helwingia, 296
Impatiens, 750
Glycosmis, 586
Hemistemma, 72
Impatiens, 748-750
Fagara, 795. 802, 803, 804, Glycosmis, 584, 585
Hepatica, 22
Indian-cress, 746, 747
805
Godoya, 572
Herb-grace, 779
Indian-physic, 83
Fagonia, 770
Goethea, 539
Herb-Robert, 720, 721
Ingenhouzia, 505
Fair Maids of France, 30 Gold-cups, 40
Heritiera, 518
Ionidium, 336
Farsetia, 174. 269.
Gold of Pleasure, 214, 215 Hermannia, 532
Ionidium, 318, 319. 335
Farsetia, 175, 176. 181. 255. Goldbachia, 226
Hermannia, 534, 535
Irina, 664
265, 266
Golden-apples, 587
HERMANNIEÆ, 527
ISATIDEÆ, 223
Fennel-flower, 48
Goldilocks, 32
Hermupoa, 286
Isatis, 223
Feronia, 587
Gomphia, 815
Heron's-bill, 721-725
Isatis, 200
Fibraurea, 108
Gonioscheton, 683
Hesperis, 202. 269
Isopyrum, 47
Fibigia, 174
Gonohoria, 340
Hesperis, 152. 155. 161. 166. Itea, 374
Ficaria, 43
Gonohoria, 341
173. 200, 201, 202. 204. Ivira, 516
Fissilia, 581
Gonus, 801
208, 209. 251, 252. 267
Five-leaved Ivy, 694
Gordonia, 573
Heterophyllum, 524
Flacourtia, 291
Gordonia, 569. 574
Heteropteris, 646
J.
FLACOURTIANEÆ, 290 GORDONIEÆ, 573
Heteropteris, 647
FLACOURTIEÆ, 291
Gorinkia, 213
Heynea, 685
Jack-by-the-hedge, 209
Flax, 450-458
Gossypium, 486
Hibbertia, 75
Jackia, 368
Flax, Common, 453-456 Gouffeia, 419
Hibbertia, 75
Jackia, 539
Flax-seed, 458
Grape-vine, 695-709
Hibiscus, 476
Jambolifera, 781
Flindersia, 688
Grapes, 695-709
Hibiscus, 472-475. 485, 486. Jeffersonia, 121
Flix-weed, 207
Grass of Parnassus, 348
505. 517
Jenkinsonia, 731
Forbidden-fruit, 587. 592 Greens, 227, 228
HIPPOCASTANEÆ, 651
Jodes, 113
Foveolaria, 679
Grenvillea, 731
Hippocastanum, 652
Johnia, 629
Fox-grape, 711
Grewia, 547
Hippocratea, 626
Jundzillia, 217
Frankenia, 375
Grewia, 551
Hippocratea, 627, 628, 629 Jussiæa, 542
FRANKENIACEÆ, 375 Grielum, 745
HIPPOCRATEACEÆ, 625
FRANKENIE Æ, 375
Guaiac, 773
Hiptage, 639
K.
Franklinia, 573
Guaiacum, 772
HIPTAGEÆ, 639
Fraxinella, 781
Guarea, 683
Hiræa, 641
Kadsura, 101
French-turnip, 245
Guarea, 684
Hoarea, 725-728
Kale, 227, 228, 229
Freziera, 567
Guatteria, 98
Holböllia, 104
Keraudrénia, 527
Freziera, 566
Guazuma, 522
Holly-hock, 467
Kernera, 187
FREZIEREÆ, 566
Guichenotia, 527
Holosteum, 423
Ketmia, 483
Friesia, 560
Guinea-pepper, 95
Holosteum, 427
Kielmeyera, 571
Fugosia, 488
Guioa, 668
Honey-berry, 672
Kiggelaria, 292
Fumaria, 144
Gum-cistus, 301
Honey-flower, 774
KIGGELARIE Æ, 292
Fumaria, 140-146
GUTTIFERÆ, 614
Honckenya, 544
King's-cups, 40
FUMARIACEÆ, 139 Gynandropsis, 271
Honkenya, 441
Kiseria, 570
Fumitory, 144-146
Gynostemma, 104
Honesty, 174
Kitaibelia, 466
VOL. I.
с
Lacathea, 573
Lacepedia, 630
Lady's-smock, 167-171
Laelia, 255, 256, 264
Laelia, 263
Lætia, 295
Lagunea, 505
Lagunaria, 485
Lagunea, 485. 505
Lancretia, 612
Langsdorfia, 804
Lansium, 680
Laplacea, 569
LAPLACEÆ, 569
Larbrea, 429
Lardizabala, 103
LARDIZABALEÆ, 103
Larkspur, 50
Larrea, 770
Lasianthera, 713
LASIOPETALEÆ, 526
Lasiopetalum, 526
Lasiopetalum, 524. 794. 526,
527
Lasiostemon, 797
Laurus, 679
Lavatera, 468
Lavradia, 379
Lebretonia, 476
Lechea, 316
Lechea, 303
Ledocarpum, 768
Leea, 712
LEEACEÆ, 712
Lemons, 587. 590-592
Lenidia, 76
Leontice, 118
Leontice, 120
Lepia, 190. 217, 218. 222
LEPIDINEÆ, 216
Lepidium, 217. 269
Lepidium, 159, 190, 191, 192,
193, 216. 222. 269
Lepigonum, 425
Lepisanthes, 665
Leptaleum, 213
Leptocarpæa, 158
Leptolæna, 562
Lesser Celandine, 43
Lettsomia, 567
Leucostemma, 449
Lignum-vitæ, 773
Lightfootia, 296
Limacia, 108. 292
Lime-tree, 552, 553
Limes, 587. 589
Limonia, 583
Limonia, 583, 584, 586
Lindleya, 569
LINEÆ, 449
Linum, 450
Linum, 458
Lion's-leaf, 119
Liriodendron, 86

xxvi
INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME.
Liriodendron, 84, 85
Marsh-mallow, 466
Morisonia, 285
Okro, 480
Litchi, 670
Marsh-marigold, 43
Moronobea, 618
OLACINEXE, 579
Litsea, 296
Marsana, 585
Moss-campion, 398
Olax, 580
Llagunoa, 673
Mascagnia, 641
Mougeotia, 529, 530
Olax, 580, 581, 582
Lobelia, 440
Matayba, 670
Moulinsia, 666
Olbia, 469
Loblolly-bay, 573
Matayba, 668
Mouse-ear-chickweed, 442. Ophelus, 509
Loefflingia, 423
Mathiola, 151. 269
447
Opilia, 586
Logania, 625
Mathiola, 205. 209
Mouse-tail, 25
Oranges, 587. 593. 596-598
Longan, 670
Matisia, 508
Mundia, 366
Orchidocarpum, 91, 92
Looking-glass-tree, 518 Maximiliana, 569
Muntingia, 554
Oreas, 215
Lophanthus, 531
May-apple, 121
Muraltia, 364
Ornitrophe, 663-665
Lophira, 814
Mayna, 102
Muricaria, 255
Ortegia, 418
Lopimia, 488
Meadow-rue, 11
Murraya, 585
ORTHOPLOCEÆ, 226
Lotos, 125
Meconopsis, 135
Murraya, 586
Orium, 181
Ludia, 297
Meconopsis, 135
Mustard, 248-251
Orophea, 97
Ludia, 296
Median-apple, 589
Myagrum; 225
Othrys, 276
Luhea, 556
Meesia, 817
Myagrum, 157. 176. 187. 198, Otidia, 729, 730
Lujula, 765
Megacarpæa, 198
199. 215. 214. 222. 254, Otillis, 712
Lumies, 587. 589
Melhania, 537
255, 256. 258, 259. 263, Oudneya, 166
Lumy, 589
Melia, 680
264. 268
Ouratea, 816
Lunaria, 173
Melia, 682. 684
Myosurus, 25
OXALIDEÆ, 752
Lunaria, 174, 175. 177. 180. MELIACEÆ, 677
Myosotis, 442
Oxalis, 753
255. 265, 266
Melianthus, 774
Myrodia, 508
Oxalis, 753
Luxenburgia, 377
MELIEÆ, 678
Myrodendron, 676
Oxleya, 688
Lychnanthus, 398
Melicocca, 672
Oxycarpus, 621
Lychnis, 415
Melicocca, 671, 672
Ozophyllum, 799
Lychnis, 396. 399. 400. 405. Melicope, 795
N.
409, 410. 414, 415, 416, Melicytus, 293
417
Melochia, 528
Nandina, 118
P.
Melochia, 529, 530
Napæa, 496, 497
Melodorum, 96
Naravelia, 10
Pachira, 510, 511
M
Meniocus, 181
Nasturtium, 155. 269
Pachynema, 72
Meniscosta, 113
Nasturtium, 170, 171. 187. Pæonia, 65
Macanea, 623
MENISPERMACEÆ, 102 208. 209. 215. 217. 219. Pæony, 65
Macanea, 623
MENISPERMEÆ, 104
221. 746.
PEONIACEÆ, 64
Macleaya, 137
Menispermum, 112
Navew, 244
Palavia, 489
Macoubea, 623
Menispermum, 104-109 Navet, 245
Pallasia, 782
Macræa, 418
Menonvillea, 198
Neapolitan-violet, 325
Pansy, 330-332
Macromerum, 278
Merckia, 441
Nectris, 121
Papaver, 129
Macrostylis, 789
Merimea, 449
Negundo, 651
Papaver, 135
Mad-wort, 178. 180
Mesua, 621
Negro-pepper, 95
PAPAVERACEÆ, 128
Marua, 286
Metrodorea, 795
Nelumbium, 123
Parapetalifera, 786
Magallana, 747
Mexican-poppy, 134, 135 NELUMBONEÆ, 123
Pariera-brava, 110. 112
Magnolia, 82
Michelia, 81
Nephelium, 670
Paritium, 484
Magnolia, 82, 85
Michelia, 84
Nephroia, 109
Parnassia, 347
MAGNOLIACEÆ, 78 Micranthera, 617
Neslia, 215
Parrya, 173
MAGNOLIEÆ, 80
Microcos, 551
Neuroloma, 173
Pasque-flower, 15-21
Magonæa, 674
Microcos, 550
Niebuhria, 277
Passoura, 340
Mahernia, 534
Micromelum, 585
Nigella, 48
Patrisia, 291
Mahogany, 687. 688
Micropetalum, 448
Nima, 811
Patrisia, 291
Mahonia, 117
Microstemma, 554
Niota, 647
PATRISIEÆ, 291
Mahurea, 570
Mignonette, 287-289
Niota, 811
Paullinia, 660
Malachodendron, 572
Mill-mountains, 458
Nirbisia, 63
Paullinia, 658, 659, 660. 805
Malachra, 469
Milk-wort, 349-363
Noccæa, 192
Pavia, 652
Malachra, 498
Milnea, 683
Noisettia, 319
Pavonia, 472
Malcomia, 201
Minuartia, 435
Noisettia, 319
Pavonia, 475, 476, 477, 478
Mallococca, 548
Mischocarpus, 668
Norantea, 624
Pearl-wort, 419, 420
Mallow, 460, 465
Mithridate-pepperwort, 218 NORANTEÆ, 624
Pedicellia, 675
Malope, 460
Mock-plane-tree, 648 Norway-maple, 650
Peganum, 778
Malope, 489
Modiola, 465
Nothria, 376
Peganum, 781
Malpighia, 634
Monchia, 420
Notoceras, 158
Pekea, 654
Malpighia, 636. 639
Monchia, 179. 182. 214 NOTORHIZE Æ, 201
Pelargonium, 725
MALPIGHIACEÆ, 633 Moehringia, 420
Nuphar, 127
Peltaria, 181
MALPIGHIEÆ, 634
Molina, 639
Nuttallia, 504
Peltaria, 223. 266
Malva, 460
Molinæa, 668
Nymphæa, 124
Penæa, 363
Malva, 265, 266. 489
Mollia, 557
Nymphæa, 127
Penny-cress, 191
MALVACEÆ, 458
Mollinedia, 100
NYMPHÆACEZE, 122 Pentadesma, 619
Malvaviscus, 475
Mollugo, 421
NYMPHÆEÆ, 124
Pentaloba, 342
Malvinda, 496
Mollugo, 422, 423
Pentapetes, 535
Mammea, 618
Monk's-hood, 57
Pentapetes, 537, 538
Mammee-apple, 618, 619 Monkey-bread, 509
0.
Pepper-wort, 217-221
Manglietia, 80
Monniera, 799
Periptera, 490
Mangostan, 619, 620
Monnina, 366
Ochna, 815
Peritoma, 271
Mangostana, 619, 620, 621 Monnina, 368
Ochna, 816, 817
Persoonia, 685
Maple, 648-651
MONOCOTYLEDONEÆ, OCHNACEÆ, 814
Petrocallis, 182
Maranthus, 539
MONOCHLAMYDEÆ, 2 Ochradenus, 289
Phæocarpus, 675
Marcgravia, 624
Monodora, 91
Ochrocarpus, 617
Pharnaceum, 422
Marcgravia, 625
Monsonia, 714
Ochroma, 514
Pheasant's-eye, 23
MARCGRAVIACEÆ, 623 Monsonia, 715. 745
Ochroxylum, 803
Phebalium, 791
MARCGRAVIEÆ, 623
Montezuma, 509
Ochthodium, 199
Philagonia, 808
Marialva, 617
Morettia, 199
Odontandria, 686
Philotheca, 791
Marila, 570
Moricandia, 251
Odontostemma, 449
Phymatanthus, 731
Physa, 423
Physiphora, 341
Physostemon, 275
Picotee, 388
Pierardia, 675
Pigea, 336
Pile-wort, 43
Pilocarpus, 795
Pilocarpus, 795
Pink, 384-395
Piparea, 342
PITTOSPOREÆ, 372
Pittosporum, 373
Plagianthus, 508
Plane-tree, 648
Platyspermum, 193
Platypetalum, 268
Plectanthera, 377
Plenckia, 796
Pleurandra, 73
PLEURORHIZEÆ, 173
PODOPHYLLACEÆ, 120
Podophyllum, 120
Podophyllum, 121
Pohlana, 804
Polanisia, 275
Polembryum, 807
Polychlana, 488
Polycarpon, 424
Polygala, 349
Polygala, 336. 363, 364, 365,
366. 368
POLYGALEÆ, 348
Polyspora, 574
Pombalia, 335
Pometia, 670
Pon@a, 663
Poppy, 129-134
Porcelia, 92
Porcelia, 91, 92
Porpa, 547
Porlieria, 773
Portesia, 682
Pourretia, 509
Prockia, 296
Prostea, 664
Pselium, 109
Pseudaleia, 582
Pseudaleioides, 582
Pseudiosma, 807
Psychine, 255
Psychine, 255
PSYCHINEÆ, 255
Ptelea, 806
Ptelea, 806
Pterisanthes, 694
Pterolobium, 190
Pterygium, 812
Pteroneurum, 171. 269
Pterospermum, 537
Puccoon, 136
Pugionum, 199
Pulsatilla, 15
Purging-flax, 458
Pythagorean-bean, 124
Q.
Quapoya, 617
Quararibea, 508
Quassia, 809
Quassia, 810, 811
Quick-in-hand, 750
Quinaria, 585
Quivisia, 679
R
Racaria, 675
Raddisia, 627
Radiola, 458
Radish, 260-263
9

INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME. .
xxvii
Rambootan, 670
Samandura, 518
Shaddock, 596
Stitchwort, 427-431
Tina, 669
RANUNCULACEÆ, 2 Samara, 806
Shepherd's-purse, 216
Stipularia, 425
Toddalia, 805
RANUNCULEÆ, 24
Samyda, 295
Shorea, 813
Stock, 151, 152, 153. 269 Toddalia, 806
Ranunculus, 25
Sand-chickweed, 424
Shrubby-trefoil, 806
Stork's-bill, 725-743
Tonabea, 564
Ranunculus, 25. 42, 43, 44 Sand-mustard, 252, 253
Sicyos, 691
Streptanthus, 269
Tongue-violet, 320
Rape, 244, 245
Sand-spurry, 425, 426
Sida, 490
Strigilia, 679
Tonsella, 627, 628, 629
RAPHANEÆ, 256
Sand-wort, 431-441
Sida, 470. 488-504
Stræemia, 277
Tontelea, 628
Raphanistrum, 263
Sandal-wood, 680
Side-saddle-flower, 128 Stuartia, 573
Tonshia, 567
Raphanus, 260
Sandoricum, 680
Sierra Leone Sugar-plum, 635 Stuartia, 572
Toon, 687
Raphanus, 200, 201. 209. 225, Sanguinaria, 136
Silene, 398. 449
Stylophorum, 135
Tooth-ache-tree, 801-805
226.247.249, 250, 260.264 Saouari, 654
Silene, 397. 398
Subularia, 268
Tooth-wort, 172
Rapistrum, 259
SAPINDACEÆ, 654 SILENEÆ, 381
Subularia, 165. 255
Toulicia, 663
Rapistrum, 199, 200, 215. 225. SAPINDEÆ, 656
Siliquaria, 273
SUBULARIEÆ, 268
Touch-me-not, 750, 751
255. 258, 259. 262, 263, 264 Sapindus, 665
Silk-cotton-tree, 511
Succowia, 254
Tovaria, 285
Raputia, 797, 798
Sapindus, 667. 670. 672. 803 Simaba, 810
Sugar-maple, 650
Toyomita, 617
Ratonia, 668
Saponaria, 396
Simaba, 811
Summer-grape, 711
Tower-mustard, 160, 161
Rattany, 370
Saponaria, 382
Simaruba, 809
Sun-dew, 343-346
Toxicodendron, 663
Ravia, 797
Sarracenia, 128
SIMARUBEÆ, 808
Sun-fruit, 542
Trachytella, 72
Recchia, 72
SARRACENIEÆ, 127 Sinapis, 248
Sun-rose, 302-315
Traveller's-joy, 3
Red-campion, 415
Sarcocapnos, 144
Sinapis, 206. 210. 242. 247. Suwarrow-nut, 654
Treacle-mustard, 181.210-213
Red-wood, 631, 632
Sarcocarpum, 101
252, 253, 260. 263. 264 Swamp-laurel, 82
Tree-celandine, 136
Red-sorrel, 483
Sarcocaulon, 715
Singana, 263
Swamp-sassafras, 82
Tree-mallow, 469
Redoutea, 487
Sarcolana, 562
SISYMBREÆ, 201
Swedish-turnip, 241, 242
Tremandra, 372
Redowskia, 223
Sarothra, 612
Sisymbrium, 204
Sweet-lemon, 589
TREMANDREÆ, 371
Reinwardtia, 573
Sasanqua, 576
Sisymbrium, 155-159. 160. Sweet-lime, 589
Tremanthus, 676
Reseda, 287
Sauce-alone, 209
163, 164. 170. 197. 204. Sweet-sop, 89
Trentepohlia, 265, 266
RESEDACEÆ, 286
Saurauja, 567
209. 213. 246. 247. 249. Sweet-William, 385
Tribulus, 769
1 Reveesia, 518
Sauranuja, 568
252, 253. 266
Swietenia, 687
Triceraja, 630
Rhatany, 370, 371
SAU RAUJEE, 567
Slave-wood, 810
Swietenia, 688
Triceras, 630
Rheedia, 619
SAUVAGEÆ, 377
Sloanea, 555
Sycamore, 648
Trichanthera, 774
RHIZOBOLEÆ, 653 Sauvagesia, 377
Snake-root, 359
Symphonia, 618
Trichilia, 681
Rhizobolus, 654
Savignya, 254
Soap-berry, 665, 666
Syrenia, 210
Trichilia, 681. 683-686
Rhodolæna, 562
Savoys, 227. 230
Soap-wort, 396 399
Syrian-rue, 778
TRICHILIEÆ, 681
Rhus, 807
Scarlet-lychnis, 415
Sobolewskia, 225
Trichoa, 113
Rhynchotheca, 714
Schepperia, 278
Sodaba, 278
Trichocarpus, 556
Riana, 314
Schiedea, 427
Solandra, 505
T.
Trichospermum, 295
Richiea, 276
Schima, 573
Solea, 335
Tricuspidaria, 561
Ricotia, 174
Schinus, 802, 803
Solea, 338
Talauma, 85
Tricuspis, 561
Ricotia, 266
Schivereckia, 177
Sophia, 207
Talisia, 669
Trigonia, 629
Riedleia, 529
Schizandra, 101
Soramia, 71
Taonabo, 565
Trigonis, 667
Rinorea, 341
SCHIZANDRIACEÆ, 101 Soria, 198
Tasmannia, 80
Triguera, 505
Robertia, 45
Schizochiton, 685
Soulamea, 364
Tauscheria, 223
Trilophus, 112
Robinea, 667
Schizolana, 562
Southwellia, 515
Tea, 578, 579
Triopteris, 642
Rocket, 202-204 246
SCHIZOPETALIEÆ, 268 Sour-sop, 87
Teesdalia, 193
Triopteris, 641. 643
Rocket-larkspur, 50
Schizopetalon, 268
Sour-gourd, 509, 510
Telfairia, 524
Triphaca, 518
Rock-lychnis, 415
Schlechtendalia, 557
Souroubea, 625
Temus, 79
Triphasia, 583
Rock-rose, 298-301
Schleichera, 672
Sparmannia, 541
Ternstroemia, 564
Tristellateia, 639
Roelana, 632
Schmidelia, 663
Spatularia, 342
Ternstroemia, 566, 567
Triumfetta, 544
Roemeria, 137
Schmidelia, 665
Spergula, 424
TERNSTROEMIACEÆ,562 Trochetia, 537
Ropera, 770
Schranckia, 259
pergula, 347. 425, 436. 448 TERNSTREMIEÆ, 564
Trollius, 44
Rollinia, 90
Schouwia, 255
Spergulastrum, 448
Terpnanthus, 796
TROPÆOLEÆ, 746
Romanzowia, 346
Schouwia, 476
Spergularia, 425
Tetracera, 68
Tropæolum, 746
Roridula, 347
Schweiggeria, 319
Spermaxyrum, 580
Tetracera, 71
Tucnexia, 199
Rose-campion, 416, 417 Sciris, 797. 799
Sphæralcea, 465
Tetractis, 15
Tulipifera, 86
Rose of Jericho, 199
Sclerostylis, 584
Sphærostemma, 101
Tetradium, 808
Tulip-tree, 86
Roumea, 292
Scopolia, 805, 806
Spiranthera, 796
Tetramelis, 290
Tunica, 384
Roumea, 292
Scotch-kale, 228
SPIROLOBEÆ, 263
Tetratheca, 371
Turnip, 242-244
Rubentia, 805
Screw-tree, 506. 508
Spirospermum, 104
Tetratheca, 794
Turnip-rooted cabbage, 241
Rue, 778, 779
Scruby-oak, 814
Sprengelia, 536
Tetrapteris, 643
Turnip-stemmed cabbage, 233
Ruizia, 535
Scurvy-grass, 187-190 Spurry, 424, 425
THALAMIFLORÆ, 1, 2 Turræa, 678
Ruizia, 673
Scytalia, 670, 671
St. John's-wort, 601-612 Thalictrum, 11
Turræa, 683
Rulingia, 524
Sea-cole-wort, 227, 228 St. Peter's-wort, 606
Thea, 578
Turritis, 160
Ruta, 778
Sea-heath, 375, 376
Stadmannia, 669
Theobroma, 521
Turritis, 158. 161, 162-166.
Ruta, 780, 781
Sea-kale, 256-259
Stalagmitis, 620
Thespesia, 486
213. 251. 253
RUTACEÆ, 775
Sea-rocket, 200
Stanleya, 214
Thespesia, 556
Tutsan, 601
Ruyschia, 625
Sea-spurry, 426
Stauntonia, 104
Thlaspi, 190
Tytonia, 749
Ryanæa, 291
Securidaca, 369
Staves-acre, 54
THLASPIDEÆ, 190
Selas, 582
Stegia, 468
Thlaspi, 192-194. 216. 218,
U.
Selenia, 269
Stellaria, 427
221-223. 225
Ulex, 366
S.
Semarillaria, 660, 661
Stellaria, 424. 433, 434. 436. Thomasia, 527
Unona, 93
Senacia, 374
438, 439. 445
Thouinia, 671
Unona, 97
Sacaglottis, 676
Senckenbergia, 219
Stenopetalum, 214
Thouinia, 664
Umbrella-tree, 83. 485
Sælanthus, 690. 693
Senebiera, 216
Stephania, 385
Thryallis, 640
Urena, 470
Sagina, 419
Senebiera, 217
Stephania, 113
Thylachium, 286
Urena, 470. 472. 474
Sagina, 420. 424
Senega, 359
Sterculia, 515
Thysanocarpus, 195
Urvillea, 657
Salacia, 627
Seringia, 526
STERCULIACEÆ, 514 Thysanus, 807
Uvaria, 93
Salacia, 629
Serjania, 658
Sterigma, 226
Ticorea, 799
Uvaria, 94, 95, 96. 98
Salmonea, 362
Seriana, 658
Sterigmostemon, 226
Tigarea, 70
Salomonia, 362
Serra, 488
Stevenia, 160
Tilia, 552
V.
Samadera, 811
Serræa, 488
Stewartia, 490
TILIACEÆ, 540
Samadera, 647
Sethia, 633
Steudelia, 631
Tiliacora, 109
Valentinia, 675
Samadura, 811
Seymouria, 731
Stigmarota, 292
Tillæa, 420
Valentinia, 675

xxviii
INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME. .
Y
Yarr, 425
Yellow Bachelors'-buttons, 36
Yellow-poplar, 86
Yellow-rocket, 159
Yellow-root, 22. 65
Yellow Water-lily, 127
Yellow-weed, 288
Yellow-wood, 86
Yulan, 83
Vallea, 561
VINIFERÆ, 689
Vargasia, 643
Virginian-creeper, 694
Vanalphimia, 568
Virgin's-bower, 3, 4-10
VASCULARES, 1
Viscaria, 414
Vateria, 814
Visenia, 538
Vatica, 557
Visenia, 529. 531
Velago, 537
Vismia, 599
Velezia, 417
VISMIEÆ, 599
Vella, 254
Vitis, 695
Vella, 254
Vittmannia, 647. 811
VELLEÆ, 254
Viviania, 418
Ventenatia, 570
Volkameria, 280
Venus's Fly-trap, 347
Voua-Rana, 668
Vepris, 806
Vepris, 805
Verticillaria, 615
W.
Vesicaria, 176
Vesicaria, 176, 177. 180, 181 Wahlbomia, 69
Viola, 320
Walkera, 817
Viola, 318, 319. 335-339. 361 Wall-cress, 161-166. 269
VIOLARIEÆ, 317
Wall-flower, 154-155
VIOLEÆ, 318
Wall-mustard, 252, 253
Violet, 320-334
Wall-rocket, 252
Vincentia, 551
Wall-wort, 420-421
Vine, 695-712
Wallichia, 539
Wintera, 79, 80
Winterana, 79, 80. 679
Wisenia, 529
Wittelsbachia, 569
Woad, 223, 224, 225
Wolf's-bane, 63
Woodginoos, 800
Wood-sorrel, 754-768
Wood-sour-trefoil, 765
Woold, 288
Wool-tree, 512.513
Wormia, 76
Wormia, 77
Wormskioldia, 273
Woud, 288
Z.
WALLICHIEÆ,
539
Waltheria, 530
Wampee-tree, 585
Wart-cress, 216, 217
Water-cress, 156,
Water-lily, 125
Water-radish, 156, 157
Water-rocket, 154
Wax-tree, 600
Weld, 288
Welsh-poppy, 135
Wendlandia, 107
White-wood, 86
White-mustard, 250
Whitlow-grass, 182-186
Wikstroemia, 569
Wild-navette, or navew, 241
Wild-cabbage, 227, 228
Wind-flower, 17-21
Winter-aconite, 45
Winter's-bark, 80
Winter-cress, 159
Winter-grape, 711
Winter-greens, 228
Winter-navette, 244
X.
Xanthe, 617
Xanthochymus, 620, 621
Xeropetalum, 558
Ximenia, 581
Ximenia, 774
Xylocarpus, 685, 686
Xylopia, 96
Zanthorhiza, 65
ZANTHOXYLEÆ, 800
Zanthoxylum, 801
Zanthoxylum, 793
Zieria, 794
Zilla, 255
ZILLEÆ, 255
Zwingera, 811
ZYGOPHYLLEÆ, 768
Zygophyllum, 771
Zygophyllum, 771. 773
Zymum, 639
CORRECTIONS.
Page 526. for urceolas read urceolus.
354. under Polygala arillata read flowers yellow instead of red, and
shrub 10 feet high instead of 1 foot.
The following words to be altered wherever they are found.
Page 15. for Pulsatllaí read Pulsatilla.
47. under Isopyrum fumarioides read flowers yellow instead of white.
57. for Monk's-wood read Monk's-hood.
68 for Polydelphous read Polyadelphous.
78. for shobile-like read strobile-like.
86. for Calyciflora read Calyciflora.
118. first column, in the specific characters of Mahònia aquifolium,
no. 2. and Mahònia nervosa, no. 4. for distant from the petiole read
distant from the base of the petiole.
122. 128, and 129 for Nymphiaceæ read Nymphæaceæ.
122. and 124 for Nymphæea read Nymphæcæ.
418, lines 3 and 6, for grandiflora read grandifolia.
col. 2, lines 9 and 12, for parviflora read parvifolia,
429. col. 2, line 17 from bottom, for O read 4.
For monodelphous read monadelphous.
unquiculate read unguiculate.
Andr. Juss. read Adr. Juss.
Ræm. et Schultz, read Rom. et Schult.
brevisty'lus a, um read brevístylus a, um.
--- longisty'lus a, um read longístylus a, um.
rádicans read radicans.
9

THE
GARDENER'S AND BOTANIST'S DICTIONARY.
DICOTYLEDONEÆ.
a
.
GRAND DIVISIONS.
(f. 1. 4. b. and 5. b.): the inferior end of the embryo itself
elongated into a radicle, and not containing any secondary ra-
GRAND DIVISION I. VASCULARES, (from vas, a ves- dicles in its substance (f. 1. 4. c. and 5. c.).
sel; plants furnished with spiral vessels) OR COTY- Class II. MONOCOTYLEDO'NEÆ, (uovos, monos, one;
LEDO'NEÆ, (kotv.nowv, cotyledon, a seed leaf; plants Kotvindwv, cotyledon, plants furnished with 1 cotyledon) or
furnished with seed leaves.)—Plants with cellular tissue ENDOGENEÆ (evdov, endon, within ; yevvaw, gennao, to
(f. 1. 1. b.), woody fibre and spiral vessels (a a), and fur- bring forth ; stem increasing by internal layers.)
nished with true leaves (f. 1.3.8.7.). The flowers usually Stem increasing by internal layers with no evident distinction
distinct and symmetrical (f. 2.). Embryo furnished with between bark and wood, but are mixed together (f. 1. 6.).
cotyledons (f. 1. 4. 5. 10. a.), and inclosed within a Leaves traversed by simple veins (f. 1. 7. 8.) usually with no
seed-cover. This division contains all the classes of Lin-
articulation between the leaves and the stem, while in Dico-
næus, Cryptogamia excepted.
tyledòneæ the leaves are always joined with the stem, from
which they fall off, leaving a scar behind. Embryo fur-
GRAND DIVISION II. CELLULARES, (cellula, a lit- nished with 1 cotyledon (f. 1. 10. a.), or if 2, they are alter-
tle cell ; plants with cellular tissue only,) or ACOTY-
nate (f. 1. 9. a.); the inferior end elongated into a radicle or
LEDO'NEÆ, (a. privative, kotvindwv, cotyledon; plants radicles (f. 1. 10. b. & 9. b.). Plumule usually inclosed in
without cotyledons.)-Plants with cellular tissue only the body of the embryo.
(f. 1. 11, 12.). Embryo destitute of cotyledons. Parts
.
FIG. 1.
of fructification hidden (f. 1. 14, 13. a.). This grand di-
7
vision only contains the class Cryptogamia of Linnæus.
9
b
GRAND DIVISION I.
6
a
2
a
3
12
10-
C
b
1
14
с
a
a
VASCULARES OR COTYLEDOʻNEÆ.
a bit
CLASSES.
15
13
Class I. DICOTYLEDO'NEÆ, (dis, dis, two; Kotv.nowv,
cotyledon ; plants furnished with two cotyledons) or EXO-
GE'NÆ (efw, exo, without; yevvaw, gennao, to bring forth ;
CLASS I.
stem - increasing by external layers). D. C. syst. 1. p. 123.
.
prod. 1. p. 1.
DICOTYLEDO'NEÆ OR EXOGENÆ.
Stem increasing by external layers; with an evident distinc. Synopsis of the Subclasses, deduced from the organs of fructi-
tion between bark and wood (f. 1.2. a, b.). Leaves traversed
fication.
by branch veins (f. 1. 3.). Parts of flower generally disposed
1. Perigone double. (f. 2. 3. and 4. b.)
in a quinary number (f. 2. 2.). Embryo with 2 opposite coty-
Subclass I. THALAMIFLO'RÆ. (f. 2. 1.)
ledons (f. 1. 4. a.), or when more they are disposed in a whorl Petals many, distinct; and are, as well as the stamens, inserted
(f. 1. 5. a.). Plumule in the centre of their point of junction in the receptacle (a).
a
VOL. I.
B

2
RANUNCULACEÆ.
Petals many,
5
2
1
a-
ya
a.
4
C
cut, with stalks more or less dilated at their base, alternate ; but
Subclass II. CALYCIFLO'RÆ (f. 2. 2.).
opposite in Clematideæ.
many, distinct (a), or united together at the base, and are
The greater part of the plants of this order are objects of in-
as well as the stamens, inserted in the calyx (6.).
terest with gardeners, containing as it does many of the most
Subclass III. COROLLIFLO'RÆ. (f. 2. 3 and 4.).
elegant and shewy of the tribes of plants. It is remarkable, how-
Petals united together in one (a.), inserted in the receptacle (b.),
ever, that the acrid and venomous properties of these plants are
and bearing the stamens (c.).
nearly as powerful as their beauty is great. M. De Candolle re-
marks, that its nature is extremely singular ; it is so volatile, that
2. Perigone Simple (f. 2. 5. a.).
in most cases, simple drying in the air, or infusion in water, is
Subclass IV. MONOCHLAMY'DEÆ (f. 2.5.).
sufficient to destroy it; it is neither acid nor alkaline ; but its
Corolla wanting, or united with the calyx (a.) and bearing the activity is increased by acids, honey, sugar, wine, or alcohol,
stamens (6.).
and it is in reality destructible only in water. The recent herb
FIG. 2.
applied externally to the skin causes blisters. The roots are
usually drastic or emetic. The seeds are generally acrid and aro-
matic, and retain their power of vegetation a considerable time,
therefore they are easily imported in a vegetative state from any
part of the world.
Synopsis of the Genera.
True RANUNCULACEÆ. Anthers bursting outwards (pl.
1. f. 5.).
TRIBE I.
CLEMATÍDEÆ. Calyx in the bud valvate (f. 2. 1. c.), or in-
duplicate (f. 4. c. d.). Petals wanting (f. 2. 1. b. f. 4. a.), or
SUBCLASS I. THALAMIFLO'RÆ (from thalamus, a bride
d
chamber
, and flos, a flower, in allusion to the parts of the flower flat
. Carpels indehiscent (f. 3. b.), 1-seeded (f. 3. d.), ending
,
in a tail, which is generally feathery (f. 3. e. c.). Seed pendu-
being inserted in the receptacle.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 1. Calyx of
lous (f. 3. d.). Leaves opposite (f. 3. 4 and 5.). Climbing
many sepals. Petals many, distinct, and are as well as the stamens
shrubs, rarely herbs.
inserted into the receptacle (f. 2. 1. a.). The insertion of the
1 CLE'MATIS. Petals wanting (f. 3. and 4. a.). Carpels ses-
petals and stamens into the receptacle is the great character
sile (f. 3. b.).
of this subclass, which therefore contains all the Polyandrous
2 ATRAGE'NE. Petals numerous, shorter than the calyx.
plants of Linnæus.
Carpels sessile.
SECT. I. Ovaries numerous, aggregate (f. 3. b. f. 7. 6. & f. 6. 3 NARAVE'LIA. Petals 6 to 12, longer than the calyx (f. 5. a.).
c.), each bearing a style rarely solitary from abortion or coali- Carpels seated on a thick hollow stipe (f. 5. 6.).
tion (f. 13. b.). Stamens indefinite, or if definite then opposite
TRIBE II.
the petals.
ANEMÒNEÆ. Calyx and Corolla imbricate in the bud (f. 14.
.
ORDER I. RANUNCULA'CEÆ. (plants agreeing with Ra- a.). Petals wanting (f. 6. b. f. 7. a.), or flat. Carpels
nunculus in many important characters.) Juss. 231. D. C. 1-seeded (f. 6. d.), indehiscent (f. 6. c.), usually ending in a tail
p. 127. prod. 1. p. 2.
(f. 6. f.) or point (f. 6. c.). Seed pendulous (f. 6. e.). Leaves
Calyx of many definite sepals (f. 4. a. f. 6. b. f. 14. a.),
sepals (f. 4. a. f. 6. b. f. 14. a.), radical (f. 6.), or alternate (f. 7.). Herbs, rarely shrubs.
or many parted with an equal number of petals (f. 14. c.), 4 THALÍCTRUM. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 4 or 5 petal-
or twice or thrice that number, sometimes wanting (f. 7. a. like sepals. Petals wanting. Carpels dry, never ending in a
f. 4. a. f. 3. a.). Stamens indefinite, free (f. 2. 1. a. f. 4. b.). tail, stipitate, or sessile, sometimes furrowed longitudinally.
Anthers adnate, usually turned outwards (f. 4. b.). Pistils 5 TETRA'CTIS. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 4 petal-like se-
inserted in the torus (f. 10. d.). Carpels many (f. 3. b. pals. Petals wanting. Stamens 4. Carpels 4, acute. .
f. 6. c.), 1-celled (f. 6. d. f. 9. g.), pseudospermous (f. 6. c. 6 ANEMONE. Involucre of 3 cut leaflets, distant from the
f. 3. b.), baccate (f. 7. 6. f. 13. b.), capsular (f. 11. c. f. 12. flower (f. 6. a.). Calyx of 5 to 15 petal-like sepals (f. 6.b.).
c.), or follicular (f. 14. e. f.), 1 (f. 6. e. f. 9. g.), or many- Petals wanting
seeded (f. 13. c. f. 14. f.). Seeds attached by their inner side, 7 HEPA’TICA. Involucre of 3 entire leaflets, just under the
solitary, erect (f. 9. 8. f.) or pendulous (f. 6 e.), or if many, flower. Calyx of from 6 to 9 petal-like sepals. Petals wanting.
usually disposed in one row along the margin of the carpel 8 Hydra'stis. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 3 sepals (f. 7.
(f. 14. f.). Embryo minute, placed in the base of a corneous a.). Petals wanting. Carpels baccate (f. 7.6).
albumen (f. 9. f.). Herbs, undershrubs, or sarmentose shrubs. 9 KNOWLTÒNIA Involucre none.
Involucre none. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals
Roots fascicled, grumose or fibrous. Leaves, simple or variously 5 to 15. Carpels baccate.
syst. 1.

RANUNCULACEÆ. I. CLEMATIS.
3
a
10 ADÒNIS. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 5 pressed sepals. 25 GARIDE'LLA. Calyx deciduous, of 5 regular petal-like se-
Petals 5 to 15. Carpels dry, ovate, pointed with the style. pals. Petals 5. Carpels 3, connected. Styles very short.
11 HAMADRY AS. Involucre wanting. Calyx of 5 or 6 se- 26 NIGE'LLA. Calyx of 5 deciduous petal-like sepals. Petals
pals (f. 8. a.). Petals 10 or 12 (f. 8. b.). Carpels ovate. 5 to 10. Carpels 5, connected. Styles very long.
Flowers dioecious.
27 AQUILEGIA. Calyx of 5 regular petal-like sepals. Petals
TRIBE III.
5, each drawn out downwards into a hollow spur:
RANU'NCULEÆ. Calyx and Corolla imbricate in the bud (f. sepals, with the upper one drawn out downwards into a hollow
28 DELPHI’NIUM. Calyx of 5 deciduous petal-like irregular
14. a.). Petals bilabiate, or increased with a scale on the inside
spur. Petals 4, the 2 upper ones drawn out downwards into the
at the base (f. 9. c.). Carpels l-seeded (f. 9. g.), dry, inde-
spur.
hiscent (f. 9. e. d.). Seed erect (f. 9. f.). Leaves radical or
29 Aconitum. Calyx deciduous, of 5 irregular petal-like
alternate (f. 9.). Herbs.
12 Myosu'rus. Sepals 5, unconnected at the base, and drawn
sepals, with the upper sepal helmet-shaped. Petals 2-stalked,
tubular, within the hollow of the upper sepal.
out downwards beyond their insertion. Petals 5. Carpels dis-
posed on a long slender receptacle.
TRIBE V.
13 CERATOCE'PHALUS. Sepals 5, connected at the base. Pe-
tals 5. Pericarps gibbous on both sides at the base, and drawn PÆONIA CEÆ, or spurious RANUNCULA CEÆ. Anthers bursting
out at the apex in a horn, which is 6 times longer than the seed, inwards. Leaves radical or alternate. Herbs, rarely shrubs.
disposed in a long spike.
30 CIMICIFUGA. Calyx of 4 deciduous sepals. Petals 4.
,
14 RANU'NCULUS. Sepals 5, connected at the base (f. 9. a.). Styles 1 to 12. Carpels dry, dehiscent, many-seeded.
Petals usually 5 (f. 9. b.). Pericarps not gibbous at the base, 31 Act£'a. Calyx of 4 deciduous sepals. Petals 4. Style 1.
pointed, disposed in globose or cylindrical heads (f. 9. e. d.). Carpel baccate, indehiscent (f.13. b.), many-seeded (f. 13. c.).
15 Casa`lia. Calyx of 3 petal-like sepals connected at the
CASA LIA
3
32 ZANTHORHÌZA. Calyx of 5 deciduous sepals. Petals 5.
base. Petals 3. Pericarps not gibbous at the base, pointed, Carpels 2 or 3-seeded, but from abortion usually 1-seeded.
disposed in hemispherical or cylindrical heads.
33 PÆÒNIA. Calyx of 5 permanent sepals (f. 14. b.). Pe-
16 APHANOSTE'MMA. Calyx of 5 petal-like sepals, connected tals 5, flat (f. 14. c.). Carpels follicular, many-seeded (f. 14.
at the base. Petals 5, small, gland-like. Pericarps not gibbous at f. e.).
the base, compressed, orbicular, pointed, somewhat marginate.
Tribe I.
17 FICA'RIA. Sepals 3, connected at the base. Petals 9. Pe-
ricarps blunt.
CLEMATI'DEÆ (plants resembling Clematis,) D. C. syst. 1.
TRIBE IV.
p. 131. prod. 1. p. 2. Calyx when in bud valvate (f. 2. 1. c.)
or induplicate (f. 4. d. c.). Petals none (f. 3. and 4.). or
Helle'BOREÆ. Calyx and Corolla imbricate in the bud (f. flat (f. 5.). Anthers linear, turned outwards (f. 4. b.). Carpels
14. a.). Petals sometimes wanting (f. 12. a.), sometimes ir- aggregate (f. 3. 6.), 1-seeded, indehiscent, terminated by a tail.
regular, bilabiate, nectariferous (f. 11. e. f. 12. b.).
Calyx
(f. 3.c.). Seed pendulous (f. 3.d.). Leaves opposite (f. 3. and 4.).
Roots fibrous.
petal-like (f. 11. b. f. 12. a.). Carpels capsular, dehiscent,
I. CLEMATIS (from kinua, clema, a vine branch, because
many-seeded (f. 11. c. f. 12. c.). Leaves radical or alternate
most of the species climb like the vine) Lin. gen. no. 695. Gært.
(f. 10. 12.). Herbs.
fruct. 1. p. 353. t. 14. D. C. syst. 1. p. 131. prod. 1. p. 2.
18 Caʼltha. Calyx deciduous, or permanent, of 5 regular
Lin. Syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Involucre none, or situated
petal-like sepals (f. 10. a.). Petals wanting. Capsules sessile.
under the flower, in the form of a calyx. Calyx of from 4 to 8
19 Tróllius. Calyx deciduous, of from 5 to 20 regular aggregate (f. 3. 6.), terminated by a long, mostly feathery, tail.
coloured sepals. Petals none (f. 3. and 4.). Carpels numerous,
.
petal-like sepals. Petals from 5 to 20, unilabiate. Capsules (f. 3. c.). Climbing shrubs, with variously cut opposite leaves.
(
sessile.
(f. 3. and 4.) The recent herb of all the species is more or
20 ERA'Nthis. Involucre many-parted, just under the flower less acrid, and when applied to the skin occasions blisters.
(f. 11. a. d.). Calyx deciduous, of from 5 to 8 regular petal-like
The English name of this genus, Virgin's-Bower, is given to
it on account of several of the species being used for covering
sepals (f. 11. b.). Petals 6 to 8. Capsules on pedicels (f. 11. c.).
bowers. It is also called Traveller's-joy, because several of
21 HELLE'BORUS. Calyx permanent, rather coriaceous, of 5
the species grow in hedges by way-sides, as well as from the
sepals. Petals 8 to 10. Capsules coriaceous, sessile.
beauty and the scent of their flowers, or more probably from their
22 Cóptis. Calyx deciduous, of 5 or 6 regular petal-like affording a grateful shade.
sepals. Petals 5 or 6. Capsules membranaceous, on pedicels.
23 Isopy'rum. Calyx deciduous, of 5 regular petal-like sepals. qualities of plants). D. C. syst. 1.
Sect. I. FLA’MMULA (from flammeo, to inflame ; blistering
qualities of plants). D. C. syst. 1. p. 131. prod. 1. p. 2. Invo-
(f. 12. a.). Petals 5 (f. 12. 6.). Capsules sessile, membrana-
lucre wanting. Tail of carpel long, bearded, feathery (f. 3. c.).
ceous (f. 12. c.).
Cotyledons distant in the seed.
24 ENE'MION. Calyx of 5 deciduous petal-like sepals. Fila-
§ 1. Flowers panicled. Leaves pinnate (f. 4.), or bipin-
ments clavated. Capsules ovate, compressed, 2-seeded, pointed
nate. Those species that are said to have pinnate leaves have the
with the style, sessile, membranaceous,
leaflets of the lower leaves often ternate.
B 2

RANUNCULACEÆ. I. CLEMATIS.
u
1 C. ERE'CTA (All. pedem. No. 1078.) stem erect; leaves 6 C. GLAUCA (Willd. arb. 65. t. 4. f. 1.) leaves pinnate ;
pinnate, with stalked ovate, acuminated quite, entire leaflets; leaflets smooth, glaucous, wedge-shaped, with entire bluntish
corymbs dense; sepals oval. 2. H. Native of the south of lobes ; peduncles trifid. h. v. H. Native of the southern
Europe, particularly in France, Spain, Austria, Tartary, &c. parts of Siberia in arid places. Wats. dend. brit. t. 78. Leaf-
on hills and in woods. Schkur. handb. 2. t. 15). C. récta, lets usually s-lobed. Panicle somewhat corymbose. Flowers
Lin. spec. 767. Jacq. aust. t. 291. Woodv. med. bot. 1. p. yellowish, scentless.
173. t. 62. C. flammula. All. pedem. no. 1080, exclusive Glaucous Virgin's Bower. Fl. Ap. to Jul. Clt. 1800 ? Sh. cl.
of the synonymes.
Flowers white, sweet-scented. This 7 C. PANICULA'TA (Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 337.) leaves
plant was recommended by Baron Stork, in 1769, as an use- pinnate; leaflets ovate-cordate, acute, entire; peduncles panicled,
ful medicine in many obstinate complaints. He found it suc- many-flowered. h. v. H. Native of Japan, near Nagasaki.
cessful in inveterate syphilitic diseases. It was usual for him to C. vitálba japonica, Houtt. pflanz. 7. p. 309. f. 2. C. críspa,
employ the leaves and flowers, as well as an extract prepared Thunb. fl. jap. 239, but not of Lin. Leaves pinnately decom-
from the former ; yet the preparation which he chiefly recom- pound. Panicles axillary. Flowers white, sweet-scented, resem-
mends is an infusion of two or three drams of the leaves in a pint bling those of C. flámmula. .
of boiling water, of which he gave four ounces three times a day, Panicled-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1796.
while the powdered leaves were applied as an escharotic to the
Shrub cl.
ulcers.
8 C. LONGILOBA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 136.) leaves pinnate ;
Var. B, C. surrécta præcócior, &c. Tourn. inst. 394. stems leaflets oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, smooth. h. H.
reddish; leaflets cordate or ovate-lanceolate.
Native of China. An intermediate species between C.
panicu-
Var. y, C. Hispánica surrécta, &c. Tourn. inst. 594. leaflets láta, and C. minor. Leaflets 5 or 7, distant, on long stalks.
oblong-lanceolate; bracteas large, elongated, oblong. C. His- Flowers probably white, and sweet-scented.
pánica Mill. dict. no. 3. C. corymbosa, Poir. dict. 2. p. 297. Long-lobed-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
Var. O, bracteosa (Banks. herb.) bracteas oblong, large, elon- 9 C. Mi'NOR (Lour. Al. cochin. 1. p. 422.) leaves pinnate ;
gated.
leaflets ovate-lanceolate, quite entire; peduncles many flow-
Erect Virgin's Bower. Fl. Ju. to Aug. Clt. 1597. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. ered, length of leaves ; ovaries 4. h. v. H. Native of China,
2 C. MARÍTIMA (Lin. spec. 767.) stem erect, herbaceous ; in the suburbs of Canton. A little like C. flámmula. Stem
leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate, tapering to both ends, entire, suffruticose. Leaflets 5, blunt, on long stalks. Flowers the
and 3-lobed ; upper leaves linear; corymbs loose; sepals spa- smallest of all the genus, white and sweet-scented.
tulate. 2. H. Native of Europe. Leaflets 5, stalked, 3-nerved. Smaller-flowered Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
Corymbs terminal and axillary. Flowers white, larger than those 10 C. CHINE'NSIS (Retz. obs. 2. p. 18. No. 53. t. 2.) leaves
of C. erécta; sepals 3-5.
pinnate, leaflets ovate-lanceolate, quite entire; peduncles few-
Sea-side Virgin's Bower. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. ? Pl. 3 to 4 ft. flowered, longer than the leaves; ovaries usually 4, with almost
3 C. FLA’MMULA (Lin. spec. 766.) leaves pinnate, smooth with
naked tails.
H. Native of China, in the islands called
orbicular, oval, oblong or linear, entire or 3-lobed, acutish leaflets. Danes. C. Sinensis, Lour. coch. 1. p. 422. Leaflets 5. Flowers
h. v. H. Native of the South of Europe and North of Africa, small, dark-purple, and probably sweet-scented.
common in hedges and bushy places. Flowers white, sweet- Chinese Virgin's Bower. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
scented.
11 C. TERNIFLÓRA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 137.) leaves pinnate;
Var. a, rotundifolia (D. C. syst. 1. p. 134.) leaflets almost leaflets ovate, blunt, quite entire ; peduncles trifid, 3-flowered ;
orbicular. Native of Naples. C. frágrans, Tenore, fl. neap. vol. 1. ovaries usually 5, with bearded tails. h. v. F. Native of
t. 48. prod. 32.
China, in the province of Chekiang. Leaflets 5 or 7. Flowers
Var. B, vulgàris (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets oval or oblong-lanceo- probably white and sweet-scented.
,
probably white and sweet-scented. Middle pedicle naked, late-
late. C. flammula, Lin. spec. 766. C. marítima, All. pedem.
C. marítima, All. pedem. ral ones bearing awl-shaped bracteas beneath their middle.
no. 1081.
Three-flowered Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
Var. , marítima (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets linear. Native near 12 C. BREVICAUDATA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 138.) leaves pin-
Montpelier, by the sea-side.
nate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, grossly serrated; pe-
Var. d, rubella (D. C. syst. 1. p. 135.) leaflets oval, usually duncles spreading, crowdedly panicled, shorter than the leaves.
emarginate ; sepals 4, reddish on the outside.
h. v. F. Native of China, between Pekin and Jehol. Flowers
Var. ε, cæspitósa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 3.) leaflets minute, en- probably white.
tire, or cut. C. cæspitosa, Scop. fl. carn. ed. 2. vol. i.
p.
389. Short-tailed-carpelled Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
C. flammula, B. Bertol. amoen. 236. These plants are less acrid 13 C. HERACLEÆFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 138.) leaves pin-
than any others of the
genus.
nate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, broadly and deeply-toothed, ter-
Flame, or sweet-scented Virgin's Bower. Fl. Jul. to Oct. minal one 3-lobed; peduncles erect, and are, as well as the
Clt. 1596. Shrub cl.
branches, velvety-cinereous. N. v. F. Native of China, be-
4 C. MASSONIA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 135.) leaves pinnate; tween Pekin and Jehol. Leaflets coriaceous. Flowers white.
leaflets smooth, rather glaucous, ovate, deeply-toothed, 3-lobed Heracleum-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
or ternate. ħ. v.G. Native of South Africa. Leaflets usually 7. 14 C. Gouria'NA (Roxb. ined in herb. Lamb. D. C. syst. 1.
Pericarps elliptical, pubescent.
p. 138.) leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, usually
p
Masson's Virgin's Bower. Fl.? Clt.? Shrub cl.
5-nerved, acuminated, entire or toothed, cordate at the base;
5 C. ORIENTA'LIS (Lin. spec. 763.) leaves pinnate; leaflets peduncles pubescent, generally longer than the leaves. h. u.s.
smooth, wedge-shaped, with 3 toothed pointed lobes. h. v. H. Native of the East Indies. Leaflets 3 or 5, on long stalks. Se-
Native of the Levant and Caucasus, in bushy places. Pict. hort. pals velvety.
par. p. 37. f. 3. C. flava. Monch. meth. 296.–Dill. elth. 144, Gour's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
t. 119, f. 145, good. There is a variety with trifid peduncles. 15 C. VITA’LBA (Lin. spec. 766.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets
Flowers greenish-yellow, with a tinge of russet on the upper part ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, cordate at the base, partly cut;
and outside; sweet-scented.
peduncles forked, shorter than the leaves. H. v. H. Native
Eastern Virgin's Bower. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1731. Sh. cl. of the middle and south of Europe, in the islands of the Archipe-
hui

RANUNCULACEÆ. I. CLEMATIS.
5
hou.
A.
lago, and north of Africa ; very common in hedges and bushy pericarps hairy.
pericarps hairy. h. v.S. Native of Brasil, in the province of
places, in the plains, and on the lower mountains ; in Britain espe-
;
Minas Geraes, near Onca. Flowers white? Pericarps with fea-
cially on a calcareous soil. Eng. bot. t. 612. Curt. lond. fasc. thery tails. Leaflets 5 or 7, stalked.
4. t. 37. Jacq. aust. t. 308. Schkur. handb. 2. p. 1472. t. 151. Allied Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
Schrank hort. monac. 2. t. 108. C. sèpium, Lam. fl. fr. 3.
p. 306. Leaflets 5. Flowers white, with a sweet almond scent. § 2. Flowers panicled Leaves ternate (f. 3.) or biternate.
Var. , integrata (D. C. syst. 1. p. 139.) leaflets with very
few teeth or quite entire. Vítis nìgra. Fusch. hist. 97, with a
.
25 C. VIRGINIA'NA (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 275.) flowers panicled,
wood-cut.
dioecious; leaves ternate; leaflets cordate, acute, grossly-toothed
White-vine, or Traveller's Joy. Fl. July to Sept. Brit. Sh. cl.
or lobed.
H. Native of North America, from Canada
16 C. GREWIÆFLÓRA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 140.) leaves pinnate, to Florida, in hedges, and among small shrubberies on the sides of
clothed with yellow down ; leaflets cordate, acute, sharply ser- woods, and grassy banks of rivers.
banks of rivers. Wats. dend. brit, t. 74. C.
rated; peduncles 3 or 5-flowered, shorter than the leaves. Canadensis, Mill. dict. no. 5. C. cordifolia, Monch suppl. 104.
ħ. v. H. Native of Nipaul, about Narain-Hetty. Leaflets 3 Alb. acad. ann. 1. p. 79. t. 7. Flowers small, white and fra-
or 5. Flowers white, downy, purplish at the base on the out- grant. In general appearance like C. vitálba.
side.
Var. ß, bracteàta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 4.) leaflets ovate-lan-
Grewia-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. Nov. Shrub cl. ceolate, entire. C. bracteata, Monch suppl. 103.
17 C. BUCHANIA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 140.) leaves pinnate, Virginian Virgin's Bower. Fl. June to Aug. Clt. 1767. Sh. cl.
white-velvety underneath, and smooth above; leaflets cordate, 26 C. CATESBYA'NA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 736.) flowers
acute, toothed; peduncles many-flowered, shorter than the leaves. panicled, usually dioecious; leaves biternate; leaflets somewhat
h. H. Native of Nipaul at Narain-Hetty. C. Buchanani, cordate, 3-lobed. N. v. H. Native of South Carolina. Flow-
D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 191. C. Bucamara, Ham. MSS. ers small, white. Resembles C. Virginiāna. The filaments of
Leaflets 3 or 5. Flowers white, downy.
the female flowers are membranous and linear, without anthers.
Buchanan's Virgin's Bower. Fl. Oct. Shrub cl.
Catesby's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
18 C. LOASÆFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 140.) leaves ternate or 27 C. BRASILIA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 143.) flowers panicled,
quinate, sometimes simple, very villous ; leaflets cordate, acumi- dioecious ; leaves 3-lobed, ternate or pinnate; leaflets stalked,
nate, lobed, grossly-serrated; peduncles trifid, few-flowered, much ovate-lanceolate, entire or hardly toothed. h. u. S. Native
shorter than the leaves. . v. H. Native of Nipaul. C. Bu- of Brasil. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. i. Leaves pubescent. Flowers
camara var. Ham. MSS. Flowers woolly, campanulate, with a small, white, fragrant. Resembles C. vitálba.
revolute border.
Var. B, láxa (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 2.) stems slenderer; pa-
Loasa-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. Oct. Shrub cl,
nicles elegantly loose; sepals narrower.
19 C. CONNA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 4.) leaves smooth, pin-
.
Var. Y, minor (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves, panicles, and bracteas
nate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, grossly serrated; pe- smaller ; bracteoles all linear, and are as well as the pedicels and
tioles dilated at the base, connate. h. v.F. Native of Nipaul. ovaries villous; pericarps very
;
villous.
Flowers probably white.
Var. d, glabra (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves almost smooth.
Connate-petioled Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
Brasilian Virgin's Bower. Fl. July to Oct. Clt. 1823. Sh. cl.
20 C. PERUVIA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 141.) leaves bipinnate,
)
28 C. DOICA (Lin. amen. 5. p. 398, spec. 765.) flowers
villous ; leaflets ovate, trifid, cut at the apex; flowers somewhat panicled, dioecious ; leaves ternate, smoothish; leaflets ovate,
panicled, polygamous; peduncles longer than the leaves, furnished cordate, acuminated, 3-nerved, entire; pericarps oval ; pedicels
with bracteas. . v. S. Native of Peru. Stems purplish, and pubescent. h. v. S. Native of Jamaica. - Sloan. jam. 84.
are as well as petioles pubescent. Flowers small, greenish-yellow? hist. 1. p. 199. t. 128. f. 1. Flowers white, fragrant. Resem-
Peruvian Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
bles C. vitálba.
21 C. MONTEVIDE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 667.) leaves ter- Dioecious Virgin's Bower. Fl. May to July. Clt. 1733. Sh.cl.
nate-pinnate, smooth ; leaflets divaricating, ovate-lanceolate, acu- 29 C. MOCINIA'NA ; flowers panicled, dioecious; leaves pu-
minated, trifid; peduncles few-flowered, spreading, equal in bescent; leaflets stalked, cordate-ovate, bluntish, 3-nerved, quite
length with the leaves; sepals spreading, lanceolate, villous. entire; sepals oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, about the length of
h. v. S. Native of Monte-Video. Flowers white.
the stamens, pubescent; pedicels pubescent. N. v. G. Native
Monte-Videan Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
of Mexico. C. dioica Lamb herb. The whole plant pubescent.
22 C.CORDA'TA (Pursh, fl. am. sept. 2. p. 384.) leaves pinnate, Flowers small, white, resembling those of C. vitálba.
leaflets cordate, acuminated, lobed, or deeply-toothed; pedun- Mocino's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
cles elongated, many-flowered; flowers dioecious in racemose 30 C. GLA'BRA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 143.) flowers panicled,
panicles. h. v. H. Native of Virginia, on high mountains. dioecious; leaves ternatę, very smooth ; leaflets acuminated,
Leaflets 3 or 5. Flowers small, white. In general appearance 3-nerved, quite entire; pericarps oval-oblong; pedicels smooth.
it approaches near to C. vitálba.
h.v.S. Native of St. Domingo. Very like C. diowca.
Cordate-leafletted Virgin's Bower. Fl. July. Shrub cl.
Smooth Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
23 C. CARIPE'NSIS (H. B. and Kunth nov. gen. et spe. amer. 5. 31 C. AMERICA'NA (Mill. dict. no. 14.) flowers panicled,
p. 36.) leaves pinnate; leaflets ovate, acuminated, 5-nerved, dioecious; leaves ternate or pinnate; leaflets smooth, ovate, cor-
quite entire, smooth ; pedicels and bracteas pubescent; flowers date, 5-nerved, quite entire, acuminated; pericarps lanceolate,
panicled, dioecious. ñ. v. S. Native of Cumana, in shady h. v. S. Native of South America, Campechy, Guadaloupe,
places, near Caripa. C. Caracasàna, D. C. syst. 1. p. 141. Leaf- Martinico, and Jamaica. C. Guadalupe, Pers. ench. 2. p. 99.
lets 5. Flowers white, sweet-scented. Differing from all the Panicle large. Flowers white.
other dioecious species in the leaves being pinnate, not ternate. American Virgin's Bower. Fl. ? Clt. ? Shrub cl.
In general appearance it is like C. vitálba.
32 C. LOUREIRIA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 144.) flowers pani-
Caripa Virgin's Bower. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. cled, dioecious; leaves ternate; leaflets ovate, acute, very entire,
24 Č. AFFI'NIS (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 3.) leaves pinnate; usually 5-nerved; pericarps 80, bluntly trigonal. h. u. G.
leaflets oblong, acuminate, acute, quite entire, pubescent beneath; Native of Cochinchina. Flowers white.
-
میں

6
RANUNCULACEÆ. I. CLEMATIS.
Var.
. v. H.
Loureiro's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
Holland, in the Barren islands. Like C. stenosepala, but with
33 C. SERICEA (H. B. and Kunth nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. the pericarps smooth, not pubescent. Flowers white.
p. 37.) flowers panicled, dioecious ; leaves ternate or pinnate ; Small-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
leaflets ovate, 5-nerved, grossly 3 or 5-toothed, underneath silky, 41 C. ARISTA'TA (R. Br. prod. nov. holl. vol. 2. ined. D.C.
villous; peduncles shorter than the leaves, with many brac- syst. 1. p. 147.) flowers panicled, dioecious; leaves ternate ;
teas. h. u.S. Native of South America, about Santa Fe de leaflets ovate, somewhat cordate, acute, grossly-toothed,
Bogota, and probably along the banks of the Rio Grande. 3-nerved ; anthers awned at the apex. h. v. G. Native of
Flowers white?
New Holland. Ker. bot. reg. t. 238. Resembles C. stenosépala.
Var. a, striátula (D. C. syst. 1. p. 144.) stems with 10 or Flowers of 4 sepals, of a greenish-yellow colour.
12 stripes. Native of Santa Fe de Bogota. Leaves ternate. Awned anthered Virgin's Bower. Fl. May to Aug. Clt. 1812.
Var. f, tereticaúlis (D. C. 1. c.) stem terete, not striped ; Sh.cl.
pericarps 20—30, pubescent; leaves ternate and entire.
42 C. INDIVISA (Willd. spec. 2 p. 1291.) flowers panicled ;
.
y costàta (D. C. 1. c.) stem with hardly prominent ribs. leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, quite entire, mucronate, coriaceous,
Native on the banks of the river called Rio-Grande. Leaves smooth. h.v.F. Native of New Zealand. C. integrifolia,
pinnate.
Forst. prod. 42. No. 231, but not of Lin. C. paniculata, Gmel.
Silky-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
syst. 873. Panicles axillary. Flowers probably white.
34 C. HOLOSERICEA (Pursh. A. amer. sept. 2. p. 384.) flowers Undivided-leafletted Virgin's Bower. Shrub. cl.
paniculately corymbose, dioecious; leaves ternate, pubescent on 43 C. HEDYSARIFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 148.) flowers pani-
both surfaces; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, entire.
cled : leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate acuminated, nearly
Native of Carolina. The whole plant is clothed with silky pu- entire, smooth, 5-nerved at the base. h.U.S. Native of the East
bescence. Sepals linear, longer than the stamens. Flowers Indies, on rocks about Daogown. Ker. bot. reg. t. 599. Flowers
small, white.
white. Ovaries very villous, ending in a short bearded tail.
Whole-silky Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
Hedysarum-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1819. Sh.cl.
35 C. BONARIE'NSIS (Juss. herb. and D. C. syst. 1. p. 145.) 44 Č. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 148.) flowers somewhat
1
flowers panicled, polygamous ; leaves ternate, smoothish ; leaf- panicled; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, much acumi-
lets ovate-lanceolate, quite entire ; peduncles shorter than the nated, rather serrated at the middle, smooth, 3 or 5-nerved.
leaves, and are as well as the branches pubescent. F. u. F.
h
ħ. UF, Native of Nipaul at Narain-Hetty. Peduncles tri-
Native of Buenos Ayres. Flowers white. Ovaries covered with chotomous, 3-flowered, hardly longer than the leaves. Flowers
long silky hairs.
campanulate, hairy. Ovaries numerous, ending in a feathery tail.
Buenos-Ayrean Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
Acuminated-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fi. Dec. Shrub cl.
36 C. GLYCINOIDES (D. C. syst. 1. p. 145.) flowers pani- 45 C. APIIFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 149.) flowers panicled,
cled, dioecious; leaves ternate, smooth; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, with six styles ; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, obtuse, repand-
acuminated, quite entire, 3-nerved at the base; peduncles one, toothed. h.
H. Native of Japan.
Flowers unknown.
half shorter than the leaves ; branches smooth. ñ.v.G. Na- Pericarps 5 or 7, stellately spreading.
tive of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Flowers small, and Parsley-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
probably white. Resembles Glycine trifoliata.
46 C. TRIFOLIA'TA (Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 337.)
Glycine-like Virgin's Bower. Fl.? Clt. 1826. Shrub cl. flowers panicled ; leaves ternately decompound, smooth ; leaflets
37 C. HEXASE'PALA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 146.) flowers pani- ovate, obtuse, repand-toothed. h. v. H. Native of Japan.
(
cled, dioecious, of 6-sepals ; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, cor- Stems purple.
date, broadly crenated, netted with veins, smooth, coriaceous. Trifoliate Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
h.v. F. Native of New Zealand. C. Forstèri, Gmel. syst. 47 C. BITERNA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 149.) flowers pani-
873. Forst. icon. ined. in Banks, lib. t. 170. C. hexapétala, cled, hermaphrodite, with six styles; leaves biternate ; leaflets
Lin. fil. suppl. 271. Bracteas oblong-linear. Flowers spread- somewhat cordate, acute. h.v.F. Native of Timor, Japan,
ing, of a yellowish white colour.
and Cochinchina C. Virgínica, Thunb. fl. jap. 240, but not of
Six-sepalled Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
Lin. Flowers white.
38 C. CORIA'CEA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 146.) flowers panicled, Biternate-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
dioecious ; leaves ternate; leaflets cordate, grossly and crenately 48 C. TRITERNA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 150.) flowers ? leaves
cut, smooth, coriaceous; anthers ovate-oblong. h. v.G. Na- bi or triternate, smoothish; leaflets oval-cuneated, 3-nerved,
tive of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Very like C. hexa- acutely-trifid. ñ. H. Native of ? Atragène triternāta,
sépala, but differing in the flowers being of 4 sepals, not 6. Desf. hort. par. Stem round ; branches striped with 6 furrows,
Flowers spreading, pale purple?
and velvety when young.
Var.a, obtusa (D. C.1. c.) leaflets cordate, obtuse. Plant male. Triternate-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. ? Clt.? Shrub cl.
Var. B, acùta (D. C. 1. c.) leaflets ovate, acuminate. Plant
§ 3. Peduncles trifid, 3-flowered (f. 4.), or in threes, 1-flowered.
female.
Leaves ternate (f. 4.), very rarely pinnate.
Coriaceous-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl.? Cit. 1821. Sh. cl.
39 C. STENOSE'PALA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 147.) flowers pani- 49 C. Dominica (Lam. dict. 2. p. 45.) peduncles trifid,
cled, dioecious; leaves ternate; leaflets cordate, acuminate, 3-flowered, longer than the leaves; leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate,
3-nerved, entire or somewhat toothed ; anthers ovate-oblong. somewhat cordate, acute, pubescent underneath, a little toothed.
h. v.G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. C. h.v.S. Native of St. Domingo, Martinico, Dominica, and
stenopétala, R. Br. ined. Bracteas oblong, quite entire, acute at Cuba. Atragène polygama. Jacq. amer. ed. pict. 2. t. 261.
.
both ends. Sepals 4, oblong-linear. Flowers white, a little larger f. 244. Flowers small, white, scentless, dioecious. Sepals
than those of C. vitálba.
spreading, clothed with rusty down on the outside.
The narrow-sepalled Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
Dominica Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
40 C. MICROPHY'LLA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 147.) flowers pani- 50 C. BRACHIA'TA (Ker. in bot. reg. t. 97.) peduncles in
cled, dioecious; leaves ternate; leaflets oblong, usually 1-nerved, threes, 1-flowered, trifid or panicled, longer than the leaves ;
quite entire, smooth, coriaceous. h. G. Native of New leaves ternate or pinnate; leaflets ovate, grossly-toothed; flower-
a
1

RANUNCULACEÆ. I. CLEMATIS.
-
bud globose. h.v.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Java Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
Flowers of a yellowish-green colour ; filaments of stamens hispid, 59 C. DAHU'RICA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 99.) peduncles in threes,
especially at their base.
one-flowered ; leaves ternate, smooth ; leaflets ovate, quite entire,
Armed Virgin's Bower. Fl. Oct. Dec. Cult. 1804. Shrub cl. mucronate, oblique at the base ; flowers hermaphrodite, nodding.
51 C. GRANDIFLORA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 151.) peduncles h. v. H. Native of Dahuria. Flowers of an obscure purple
1-3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; leaves pinnate, smooth; colour, like those of C. viticélla. Ovaries villous.
leaflets ovate-cordate, acuminated, netted with nerves on the Dahurian Virgin's Bower. Fl. Sept.
Fl. Sept. Cult. 1820. Shrub cl.
under surface, coarsely serrated. h. v. S. Native of Sierra 60 C. PLUKENE'TII (D.C. syst. 1. p. 153.) peduncles 1-flower-
Leone on the mountains. C. chloràntha Lindl. bot. reg. 1234. ed ; leaves ternate, smooth ; leaflets elliptical or obovate, obtuse,
Flowers campanulate, the largest of all the genus, of a greenish- quite entire, mucronate; flowers dioecious, erect. h. v. H. Na-
yellow colour. Leaflets 5.
tive of America ?-Pluk. alm. 109. Flowers purplish, fragrant.
Great-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1823. Sh.cl. Plukenet's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
52 C. LECHENAULTIA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 151.) peduncles
trifid, 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; leaves ternate, silky ; § 4. Peduncles solitary, 1-flowered (f. 4.). Leaves pinnate
leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 5-nerved, serrated. H. v. S. Native (f. 4.), rarely ternate.
of Java. Sepals oblong, acute, velvety.
Lechenault's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
61 C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Jacq. enum. 310. coll. 1. p. 137. icon.
53 Noronhia'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 151.) peduncles blunt ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate-linear, acuminated, en-
rar. 1. t. 104.) peduncles 1-flowered; sepals 6 or 8, very
1-3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; leaves ternate, hairy; tire, or 3-lobed; stems erect.
,
leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, serrated. h.v. S. Native
4. H. Native of Siberia, Da-
huria, and on the northern shore of the Adriatic Sea. Wats.
of Java. Trígula trifoliàta, Noronha icon. ined. in Juss. lib.
dend. brit. t. 112. C. lasiántha, Fish. hort. gorenk. ex. litt.
Flowers yellowish, with villous anthers and white styles.
Noronha's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
C. hexapétala, Pall. itin. 3 app. No. 96. t. 9. f. 2. ed. Gall.
8. p. 329. t. 74. f. 2. but not of Lin. Terminal leaflet always
54 C. MAURITIA'NA
3-lobed. Flowers white.
FIG. 3.
(Lam. dict. 2. p. 42.)
Narrow-leaved Virg.'s Bower. Fl. My. to Sep. Clt. 1787.P.4 ft.
peduncles trifid ; leaves
62 C. SCABIOSÆFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 154.) peduncles
ternate, smooth; leaf-
1-flowered; sepals 4, oval-oblong; leaves pinnate; leaflets
lets ovate, acuminated,
3-parted, cut, pubescent, with wedge-shaped lobes ; stem erect,
coarsely-serrated. h.
velvety. 4.5. Native of India ? The whole plant is clothed
vi s.
Native of the
with velvety pubescence. Leafiets 7. Flowers white? filaments
Mauritius and Madagas-
hispid at the base.
car. Deless. icon. sel. 1.
Scabious-leaved Virgin's Bower. Pl. 3 feet.
t. 2. C. triflora, Vahl.
63. C. VILLÒSA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 154.) peduncles 1-flower-
symb. 3. p. 74. C. Son-
ed; sepals 4, oval-oblong; leaves villous, pinnate; leaflets ses-
neratii, Pers, ench. 2. p.
sile, oval, grossly-toothed at the apex, terminal one trifid; stem
99. Flowers hermaphro-
erect, villous.
24. S. Native of India? Leaflets 7. Resem-
dite. The recent herb
bling C. scabiosæfòlia.
is very acrid, and is used in Madagascar in place of Cantharides, Villous Virgin's Bower. Pl. 3 feet?
hence Commerson has named it in his herbarium C. furiàlis and 64 C. LINEARILOBA (D. C.
FIG. 4.
C. urentíssima. (f. 3.)
syst. 1. p. 155.) peduncles 1-
Mauritian Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
flowered; sepals very acute; leaves
55 C. subTRİLOBA (N.E. herb. Lamb.) stems furrowed, smooth, pinnate; leaflets entire or
SUBTRÍLOBA
young ones villous as well as the petioles and peduncles; 3-parted, with linear lobes. 21.
peduncles trifid, 3-flowered; leaves ternate; leaflets 5-nerved, H. Native of Lower Carolina.
broad ovate, 3-lobed acute, lateral lobes small; carpels with long Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 3. Stem
bearded tails. h. v. G.
h. v. G. Native of Mexico. Flowers white. striped, purplish. Leaflets 7 or 9.
The subtrilobed-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
Flowers pale purple; sepals downy
56 C. HAVANE'NSIS (H. B. and Kunth nov. gen. et spec. on the margins, almost twice as
amer. 5. p. 38.) peduncles 1-3-flowered ; leaves ternate, silky- long as the stamens (f. 4.)
pubescent underneath ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, grossly-ser- Linear-lobed leaved Virgin's
rated. h. v. S. Native of Cuba, about Havanna. Pericarps Bower. Fl. May, July. Cult.
pubescent.
1823. Pl. 3 feet.
Havanna Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
65 C. WALTE'RI (Pursh. fl.
57 C. Triloba (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 3.) leaves trifoliate, amer. sept. 2. p. 384.) peduncles
smooth; leaflets stalked, 3-lobed, pointed; peduncles trifid,
peduncles trifid, 1-flowered; sepals elliptical; leaves
each furnished with two bracteas. h. v.S. Native of Brazil, pinnate; leaflets divaricating linear-lanceolate acute, quite entire,
in the province of Cis Platine. Flowers greenish-white.
glaucous underneath. 2. H. Native of Carolina. Leaflets 7.
Var. ß, Guaranitica (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaflets narrower, usually Flowers white.
2-lobed, much shorter than the peduncles; pedicels pubescent ; Walter's Virgin's Bower. Pl. 2 feet.
flowers sometimes panicled.
66 C. DIVERSIFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 155.) peduncles 1-flower-
Three-lobed leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. Nov. Dec. Shrub cl. ed; sepals very acute, spreading ; leaves smooth, sometimes
58 C. JAVA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 152.) pedicels 1-3-flower- entire, sometimes 3-lobed or ternate ; leaflets lanceolate, acute,
ed ; leaves ternate or biternate, pubescent; leaflets ovate-lanceo- lateral one sessile, terminal one stalked.
h. v. H. Native
late, acuminated, entire or trifid, a little toothed.
h. u.s.
h
of? Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 4. Flower large, erect, purple.
Native of Java. Flowers small, probably white. Sepals oblong, Anthers and filaments villous.
spreading, with velvety margins, a little longer than the stamens. Various-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. ? Sh. cl.
3
..a
d

8
RANUNCULACEÆ, I. CLEMATIS.
4. H.
-
-
a
67 C. CAMPE'STRIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 4.) stem 4-sided; oblong, acute, quite entire. hiv. G. Native of New Holland
peduncles axillary, solitary, terminal ones in threes; leaves ter- about Port Jackson. Resembling a species of Clitòria or Ken-
nate or pinnate, pubescent; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute ; nèdia. Leaflets 3 or 5. Flowers whitish.
sepals spreading, villous. ' h. v. S. Native of Brasil, in the Clitoria-like Virgin's Bower. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. Sh. cl.
province of St. Paul, at the mouth of the river Yapa. Flowers
greenish-yellow. Leaflets 3 to 7.
-
.
$ 5. Peduncles usually solitary, 1-flowered. Leaves undivided.
Field Virgin's Bower. Fl. July. Shrub cl.
Stems herbaceous, erect.
68 C. VIÓRNA (Lin. spec. 765.) peduncles 1-flowered; sepals
connivent, thick, acuminated, reflexed at the apex; leaves smooth, 77 C. INTEGRIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 767.) peduncles 1-flowered ;
pinnate; leaflets entire, 3-lobed, or ternate, ovate, acute, floral flower nodding; leaves entire, ovate-lanceolate, smooth.
ones entire. h.v. H. Native of North America, in hedges Native of Hungary, Carniola, Tartary, Siberia, Austria, and the
and copses, from Virginia to Carolina. Jacq. fil. ecl. 1. p. 50. . Pyrenees. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 363. Tratt. tab. 4. t. 179. Curt. bot.
t. 32-Dill. elth. 141. t. 118. f. 144. Leaflets 5 or 7. Flowers mag. t. 65.-Clus. hist. 1. p. 123. f. 2. C. nutans, Crantz, C.
purple, large, drooping, yellow inside. Herb very acrid. .
inclinata, Scop. Peduncles terminal, very rarely rising from the
American Traveller's Joy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1730. Sh. cl.
fork of the stem. Sepals blue, coriaceous; younger ones with
.
69 C. DOUGLA'SII (Hook fl. bor. amer. 1. t. 1.) stem erect
villous edges, adult ones with wavy edges. The two upper leaves
simple 1-flowered; flower drooping ; leaves pilose, pinnate; are concave and connivent before flowering; hence they inclose
leaflets twice pinnatified ; lobes linear, bluntish. 4. H. Native the flower as if it were in a bladder.
of North America on the Rocky Mountains near the sources of Var. f, angustifolia (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 8.)
the Columbia river. Flowers purple about the size of those leaves very narrow, acuminated, 3 or 5-nerved ; sepals rather
C. viórna. Leaves almost as fine as those of Pæònia tenuifolia, unequal
, somewhat longer than the stamens.
.
Douglas's Virgin's Bower. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Pl. 1] ft. Var. y, elongata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 8.) flowers almost erect;
70 Č. CYLINDRICA (Sims. in bot. mag. t. 1160.) peduncles leaves acuminated, rather hairy. C. elongata, Tratt. tab. 4. t. 178.
1-flowered ; sepals thin, acuminated, reflexed at the apex, with
,
Native of Siberia.
wavy margins ; leaves slender, pinnate ; leaflets stalked, ovate, Entire-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. Jun. Aug. Clt. 1596. Pl. 2 ft.
or oblong; middle one sometimes trifid; floral ones entire. 78 C. OCHROLEU'CA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. ii. p. 260.) pedun-
4. H. Native of Virginia and Carolina. C. críspa, Lam.
cles 1-flowered ; flower erectish; leaves entire, ovate : younger
dict. 2. p. 44. C. Viorna, Andr. bot. rep. t. 71. not of Lin. ones silky. 4. H. Native of North America, on the banks of
C. divaricàta Jacq. fil. ecl. t. 33. Leaflets 5—7 entire. Flowers rivers, in Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Sims, bot. mag.
,
large, of a pale purplish blue, drooping.
t. 1175. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 661. Tratt. arch. 2. t. 64. C. seri-
Cylindrical-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1802. cea, Mich. Al
. bor. amer. 1. p. 319. Resembles C. integrifolia
Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
but differs in the leaves being oval or ovate, blunt, and in the
71 C. SI'msii (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 1.) peduncles 1-flowered ; flower being a little smaller, erect, or a little inclined but not nod-
leaves pinnate; leaflets cordate, acuminated, entire, ciliated, ding, cream-coloured, and yellow on the inside.
reticulated; sepals 4, coriaceous, connivent, lanceolate, reflexed
Cream-coloured-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
at the apex, curled. h. v. H. Native of South Carolina and 1767. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Georgia. C. cordata Sims, bot. mag. 1816. but not of others.
79 C. OVA'TA (Pursh A. amer. Sept. 2. p. 736.) peduncles
Flowers lilac. An intermediate species between C. crispa and
1-flowered; flower erect; leaves ovate, acute, smooth, netted
C. viórna.
with veins, lower ones rather cordate. 4. H. Native of South
Sims's Virgin's Bower. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1812. Sh. cl.
Carolina.—Pluk. mant. t. 379. f. 4 ?Resembles C. integrifolia.
72 C. RETICULA'TA (Walt. fl. carol. 156.) peduncles 1-flow- Pericarps with long feathery tails. Flowers blue.
ered; sepals connivent; leaves coriaceous, netted with nerves, Ovate-leaved Virgin's Bower. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
smooth, pinnate; leaflets stalked, 3-lobed or entire, ovate.
80 C. GENTIANOIDES (D. C. syst. 1. p. 159.) peduncles 1-flow-
h. v. H. Native of Georgia and Carolina. Wats. dend. brit.
Wats. dend. brit. ered; flower erect, dioecious; leaves ovate, entire or toothed,
t. 72. C. rósea, Abbot insect. amer. icon. t. 101. Stem pur-
smooth, 3-nerved. 2. G. Native of New Holland, in Mary
plish. Flowers resembling C. viórna, of a pale purplish red. Island, and Van Dieman's Land. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 5. Se-
Netted-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. Jun. July. Clt. 1812. Sh.cl. pals 4, oblong, thin, terminating in a small callosity.
73 C. JAPÓNICA (Thunb. fl. jap. 240.) peduncles 1-flowered;
Gentian-like Virgin's Bower. Pl. 1 feet.
sepals connivent; leaves villous, ternate ; leaflets elliptical, acu-
81 C. SMILACI'NA (Blum. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 221.) pe-
minated, serrated at the apex. h. v. H. Native of Japan. duncles 1-flowered ; leaves ovate, coriaceous, smooth, quite entire,
Stem purplish. Leaves ternately decompound. Peduncles length 5-nerved.
5-nerved. 4. S.
2. S. Native of Java. Flowers ?
of leaves. Flowers purple.
Smilax-like Virgin's Bower. Pl. 2 feet?
Japan Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
74 C. COMÒSA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 157.) peduncles 1-flowered;
leaves ternate, velvety ; leaflets oval-oblong, acuminated, 3-nerv-
$ 6. Peduncles 3 or many-flowered, panicled, axillary. Leaves
undivided. Climbing shrubs.
ed, entire. h.v.S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers un-
known. Pericarps ovate, somewhat compressed.
82 C. GLANDULÒSA (Blum, ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 221.)
Tufted Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
leaves ovate, with glandular teeth, smooth, 5-nerved; peduncles
75 C. TRILOBA (Roth. nov. pl. spec. 251.) peduncles 1-flow- panicled, trifid ; flowers monoecious. ħ. v. S. Native of Java.
ered, somewhat corymbose ; stem and petioles downy; leaves Flowers purplish?
pubescent, lower ones ovate, acuminated, middle ones 3-lobed, Glandular-toothed Virgin's Bower. Shrub. cl.
upper ones ternate; sepals oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, silky 83 C.SUBPELTA'TA (Wall. pl. asiat. rar. No. I. p. 19. t. 20.) leaves
on the outside.
ħ.v. S. Native of the East Indies.
ovate-cordate, smooth, acute, entire, or slightly crenulated, and
Three-lobed leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub. cl.
slightly peltate at the base; petioles twisted; panicles axillary
76 C. CLITORIOI'DES (D. C. syst. 1. p. 158.) peduncles loose, equal in length to the leaves; sepals 4 ovate obtuse,
1-flowered, axillary twisted ; leaves smooth, pinnate; leaflets clothed with dense rusty tomentum on the outside, 2 h. v. s.
-
.

RANUNCULACEÆ. I. CLEMATIS.
9
h.
.
Native of Ava, on Mount Taong Dong. Sepals smooth, and Small-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. July. Shrub cl.
purple inside.
Subpeltate-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl. Nov. Shrub cl.
Sect. III.--CHEIRÓPSIS, (from xelp, cheir, the hand; and
84 C. SMILACIFOLIA (Wall. Asiat. Res. 13. p. 402.) leaves opis, opsis, resemblance, in allusion to the form of the bracteas.)
ovate-cordate 5-nerved, smooth, entire, panicles axillary, few- D. C. syst. 1. p. 162. prod. 1. p. 9. Involucre in the form of
flowered, rather shorter than the leaves; sepals 4 linear-oblong, a calyx from two joined bracteas situated at the top of the pedun-
clothed with dense rusty tomentum on the outside, spreading. cle just under the flower. Tails of pericarps bearded. Climb-
h. v. S. Native of Nipaul. Flowers clothed with rusty to- ing or rambling shrubs, with simple or ternate leaves.
mentum on the outside, but smooth and purple on the inside. 90 C. CIRRHÒSA (Lin. spec. 766.) peduncles 1-flowered, with
This plant comes very near to C. subpeltàta, but differs from it an involucre ; leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, toothed, in fasci-
in the leaves being cordate at the base, never slightly peltate. cles. ħ. v. H. Native of the South of Europe and North of
h.
Smilax-leaved Virgin's Bower. Fl.? Clt. 1823. Shrub cl. Africa, in hedges and among bushes, particularly in Spain, Ma-
jorca, Sicily, Calabria, Algiers, and the Islands of the Archipelago.
Sect. II.–VITICE'LLA, (from viticella, a small vine; plants Smith fl. græc. t. 517. C. cæspitòsa, Scop. carn. ed. 2. No. 671?
climbing like the vine.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 160. prod. 1. p. 8. Atragène cirrhosa, Pers. euch. 2. p. 98. An elegant evergreen
Involucre wanting Tail of pericarp short, beardless. Leaves shrub. Flowers pale and downy on the outside, but smooth and
ternate or decompound. Stems climbing.
purple on the inside, and marked with darker spots.
85 C. FLÓRIDA (Thunb. fl. jap. 240.) peduncles 1-flowered, Tendrilled Virgin's Bower. Fl. Mar. Apr. Clt. 1596. Sh. cl.
longer than the leaves; leaves ternately decompound ; leaflets 91 C.PEDICELLA'TA (Sweet, hort. brit. p.1.) peduncles 1-flower-
ovate, acute, quite entire; sepals oval-lanceolate, much pointed ed, stalked within the involucre ; leaves ovate, somewhat cor-
H. Native of Japan. Sims, bot. mag. t. 834. Andr. date, toothed, in fascicles. h. u.H. Native of Majorca. C.
bot.
rep. t. 402. Jacq. hort. schoen. 3. p. 57. t. 357. Atragène cirrhòsa, Sims. bot. mag. t. 1070. C. Balearica, Pers. ench. 2,
índica, Desf. tab. par. ed. 1. p. 123. Leaves ternate or triternate. p. 99, but not of Rich. C. cirrhosa var. B, pedicellàta, D. C. syst.
Flowers large, spreading, pale-white. Sepals 6 or 8, oval, marked 1. p. 163. An elegant evergreen shrub. Resembles C. cirrhosa.
towards the margins with feathery veins. Stamens purplish. but differing in the flower being smaller and seated on a pedicel
Var.B, flòre-plèno; flowers double. This is much more com- within the involucre, not sessile. Flowers white, hardly spotted
mon in our gardens than the single-flowered.
on the inside.
Florid Virgin's Bower. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1776. Sh. cl. Pedicelled-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. Oct. Feb. Clt. 1596.
86 C. VITICE'LLA (Lin. spec. 762.) peduncles 1-flowered,
Shrub cl.
longer than the leaves; leaves entire or ternately decompound; 92 C. POLYMORPHA (Viv. app. fl. cors, in Schlecht. Linnæa.
lobes or leaflets entire; sepals obovate, spreading. . v. H. 1829. p. 502.) peduncles axillary, naked, 1-flowered ; flowers
.
Native of the South of Europe, in hedges and among bushes, par pendulous; involucrum urceolate-campanulate, almost entire ;
ticularly in Spain, Portugal, Carniola, and Bithynia, &c. Fl. græc. sepals ovate-oblong, clothed with silky wool on the outside.
t. 516. Curt. bot. mag. t. 565. Viticélla deltoidea, Monch. meth.
h. v. H. Native of Corsica. Resembles C.cirrhòsa.
297. Flowers large, blue, purple, or rose-coloured, drooping. Var. a, vèra ; leaves somewhat cordate, entire, 3-lobed or
Var. f, múltiplex; flowers double, purple, or flesh-coloured. 3-parted ; lobes and segments deeply serrate-crenated. Native
C. pulchella, Pers. ench. 2. p. 99.-Chabr. sciagr. p. 117, with a of Corsica,
figure.- Weinm. phyt. t. 398. f. d.
Var. B, semitriloba (Lag. cat. hort. madr. p. 17.) leaves
Var. Y, tenuifolia (D. C. syst. 1. p. 161.) leaflets oblong-lan- 3-parted and ternate ; middle leaflet stalked, lateral ones sessile
ceolate. C. tenuifolia Lusitánica, &c.
.
Tourn. inst. 299.
oblique, all unequally serrate-crenate. Native of the south of
Var. d, baccata (D. C. syst. 1. c.) fruit somewhat baccate. C.
C. Spain and of Corsica. Branches angular, dark-purple.
baccata, Pers, ench. 2. p. 99.
Var. y, lanceolata ; leaves all ternate; leaflets lanceolate,
Vine-bower. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1569. Shrub cl.
middle one stalked, lateral ones sessile. Native of Corsica.
87 C. CAMPANIFLÓRA (Brot. fl. lus. 3. p. 359.) peduncles Polymorphous Virgin's Bower. Fl. April ? Shrub cl.
1-flowered, somewhat longer than the leaves ; leaves biternately 93 C. BALE A RICA (Rich. in journ. phys. Feb. 1779, 127, with
decompound; leaflets entire or 3-lobed ; sepals half spreading, a figure, but not of Pers.) peduncles 1-flowered, with an invo-
dilated at the apex, wavy. h. v. H. Native of Portugal, in lucre under the flower ; leaves ternate ; leaflets stalked, 3-lobed,
hedges, especially on the road from Coimbra to Oporto. Lodd. deeply toothed. h. v.H. Native of Minorca. C. calycina, Ait.
bot. cab. t. 987. Leaflets about 24. Flowers large, half open,
hort. kew. ed.1. vol. 2. p. 259. Sims. bot. mag. t. 959. Atra-
of a purplish-white colour. An intermediate species between C. gène Balearica, Pers. ench. 2. p.
98. A very elegant evergreen
Viticélla and C. crispa.
shrub. Involucre two-lobed, blunt, bell-shaped, closely girding
Bell-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. Sh.cl. the flower. Flowers pale, pubescent on the outside, and marked
88 C. cri'sPA (Lin. spec. 765.) peduncles 1-flowered, shorter on the inside with oblong red spots.
than the leaves ; leaves entire, 3-lobed or ternate, very acute ; Minorca Virgin's Bower. Fl. Feb. Mar. Clt. 1783. Sh. cl.
sepals connivent at the base, but reflexed and spreading at the 94 C. MONTANA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 192.) peduncles
apex. h. H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, in hedges many, 1-flowered, with an involucre under each flower; leaves ter-
and among bushes on the banks of rivers. Sims. bot. mag. t. nate or trifid, smooth; leaflets oblong, acuminated, rather toothed
1892. Leaflets entire or 3-lobed. Flower erect, large, purple. at the base, lateral ones almost sessile, 1-nerved, terminal one
Pericarp ending in a short awl-shaped tail. C. flore críspo, Dill. 3-nerved. h. H. Native of Nipaul. C. montàna var.
elth. 1. t. 73. f. 84.
Hamilt. MSS. C. Nepaulensis, D. C. syst. 1. p. 164. Flower a
Curled-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl.Jul. Sept. Clt. 1726. Sh.cl. little distant from the involucre, clothed with cinereous down.
89 C. PARVIFLORA (D. C. mem. soc. hort. gen. 1. p. 433.) pe- Pericarps many, compressed, ovate-acuminated.
duncles 1-flowered; sepals elliptical, somewhat dilated at the Mountain Virgin's Bower. Fl. April. Shrub cl.
apex ; leaves pinnate, with tendril-like petioles ; leaflets stalked, 95 C. ANEMONIFLÓRA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 192.) pedun-
3-parted or entire ; lobes oblong, mucronate, entire. h. v. H. cles many, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves, without an invo-
Native of ? Carpels smooth, tailless. Flowers small, white. lucre ; leaves ternate; leaflets cuneated, elliptical, mucronate,
С
VOL. I.

10
RANUNCULACEÆ. II. ATRAGENE. III. NARAVELIA.
a
deeply-toothed, villous ; flowers spreading, with oval membrana- Sepals oblong, acuminated. Petals 10 to 12, linear at the base,
ceous sepals. h. v. H. Native of Nipaul, in the vicinity of
but dilated at the apex.
Chitlong. C. montàna Hamilt. MSS. D. C. syst. 1. p. 164. Alpine Atragene. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1792. Shrub cl.
Flowers white, almost like those of Anemone sylvestris. This 2 A. SIBI'RICA (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 343.) peduncles 1-flower-
1
species is perhaps sufficiently distinct to constitute a separate ed, almost equal in length with the leaves ; leaves biternate;
section, from the want of the involucrum.
leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated; petals emargi-
Anemone-flowered Virgin's Bower. Fl. April. Shrub cl.
nate at the apex. h. v. H. Native of Siberia, in woods, at
+ Species not sufficiently known.
the river Oby, and in the Ural mountains, and along that chain
96 C. TOURNEFÓRTII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 166.) C. orientalis
of Alps even to the Eastern Ocean. Sims. bot. mag. t. 887. A.
latifolia semine brevissimis pappis donato. Tourn. Cor. 20.
alpina, Gmel. sib. 4. p. 194. No. 33. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 69.
t. 76. Resembles A. alpina, but differs in the leaves being some-
h. v. H. Native of the Levant.
Tournefort's Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
times ternate, with narrower leaflets, and in the flowers being a
little smaller, from white to yellowish, never blue, as well as in the
97 C? POLYPE'TALA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 296.) 2. H. Native
of Japan. Atragène polypétala, Thunb. fl. jap. 239. Stem erect,
petals being emarginate at the apex not obtuse.
two feet high. Leaves triternate ; leaflets ovate, acute, deeply
Siberian Atragene. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1753. Shrub cl.
toothed, villous. Pedicels filiform, 1-flowered, elongated. Pe-
3 A. OCHOTE'NSIS (Pall. ross. 2. p. 69.) peduncles 1-flow-
tals beyond 20, bluntish, purple on the outside, clothed with white
ered ; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated,
down within. This plant would appear to be an Anemòne, from
serrate; petals few ; linear. h. v. H. Native of Siberia towards
the Ochotskoi Sea, and of Kamtschatka between Ochotsk and
the description of the flower.
Kamtsch. A. violácea, Pall. in herb. Lamb. C. Ochoténsis, Poir.
Many-petalled Virgin's Bower. Pl. 2 feet.
98 C. CANALICULA'TA (Lag. cat. hort. madr, 17). h. v. H.
suppl. 2. p. 298. Resembles A. Sibirica. Flowers with 4 ovate-
Native of Spain, in the provinces of Murcia and Granada, in
mucronate sepals, which are downy on their margins. Petals
none, or sometimes with the outer stamens abortive, a little elon-
rocky and stony places. A climbing subshrub, with linear de-
compound leaves and axillary three-flowered peduncles. (Lag.)
gated and linear. Filaments velvety, a little shorter than the
Channelled-leaved Virgin's Bower. Shrub cl.
sepals.
99 C. ZANZIBARE'NSIS (Loud. hort. brit. p. 228); leaves pin-
Ochotskoi Atragene. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl.
acuminated.
nate, with twisted petioles ; leaflets ovate, acuminated, membra-
naceous, entire or 3-lobed.
4 A. AMERICA'NA (Sims. bot. mag. t. 887.) peduncles
h. v. s.
S. Native of Zanquebar.
Leaflets 5, with their margins and nerves, as well as petioles,
1-flowered ; leaves whorled, in fours, ternate ; leaflets stalked,
rather hairy
cordate, lanceolate, acuminated, entire, or somewhat lobed, or
serrated; petals acute. h. H. Native of North America,
Zanquebar Virgin's Bower. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
Cult. The species of this genus are mostly climbing shrubs of
in shady places, on the sides of rivulets, climbing and creep-
rapid growth, free flowerers, very ornamental, and some are highly ing among loose rocks, New York and Pennsylvania, near the
foot of the Blue Mountains, and on the eastern declivity of the
odoriferous. The hardy kinds are well adapted for bowers or
trellis-work, or for training up against a wall; and they will thrive
Rocky Mountains and at Cape Mendocina, on the North-west
well in any common garden soil. They are readily increased by
coast. Clematis verticillaris, D. C. syst. 1. p. 166. Resembles A.
laying down the young shoots in July or October, or by seeds, alpina. Flowers large, purplish-blue.
which in many species ripen in abundance. The greenhouse
Var. B, obliqua (Dougl. mss.) leaflets bluntly serrated.
species are very desirable for a conservatory where many climbing
h. v. H. Native on the eastern declivities of Rocky Mountains,
plants are wanted. Any light soil, or a mixture of loam and peat,
in vallies, and at Cape Mendocina, on the western coast.
will suit them well, and young cuttings will strike root freely
American Atragene. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1797. Shrub cl.
under hand glasses. The stove kinds require the same treat-
5 A. OCCIDENTALIS (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 520.) leaves op-
ment as the greenhouse species. The herbaceous perennial posite, ternate ; leaflets nearly entire, shining; sepals ovate-lan-
Native of ?
species are increased by dividing the plants at the root early in
ceolate ; flowers, somewhat bell-shaped. h.
spring.
Clématis occidentàlis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 10.
Western Atragene. Fl. ? Clt. 1818. Shrub cl.
II. ATRAGE'NE (from apayɛvn, a name originally given to Cult. The species are very shewy, and require the same treat-
Clématis Vitálba by Theophrastus.) Lin. gen. No. 615. Gært. ment as that recommended for the hardy kinds of Clématis.
fruct. 1. p. 356. t. 74. f. 8. Schkuhr. handb. t. 150. Clématis,
Sect. IV. Atragène, D. C. syst. 1. p. 165. prod. 1. p. 9.
III. NARAVELIA (from Narawæl,
FIG. 5.
LIN
Lin. Syst. Polyándria Polygynia. Involucre none. Sepals 4, its name in Ceylon. Herm. Zeyl. 26.)
somewhat induplicate in the bud. Petals numerous, shorter than D. C. syst. 1. p. 167. prod. 1. p. 10.
.
the sepals. Cariopsides terminated by a bearded tail. Coty- Lin. syst. Polyandria, Polygy'nia.
ledons approximate in the seed. Climbing shrubs with variously Petals from 6 to 12, longer than the calyx
6
cut opposite leaves, possessing the same qualities as Clématis. (f. 5. a.) Carpels seated on a thick
1 A. ALPI'NA (Lin. spec. 764.) peduncles 1-flowered, longer hollow stipe, (f. 5. b.) terminated by a
) ,
,
than the leaves ; leaves biternate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acu- long feathery tail (f. 5. c.) A climbing
minated, serrate; petals somewhat spatulate, blunt. K. v
hH. shrub, with the habit of Clématis, but
Native of the mountains in many parts of Europe from the height the leaves are only furnished with two
of 2400 to 6000 feet, especially on a calcareous soil, in Austria, opposite many-nerved leaflets.
Carniola, Piedmont, South of Switzerland, Geneva, Dauphiny,
i N. ZEYLA'NICA (D. C. syst. 1. p.
and the Eastern Pyrenees. Jacq. aust. t. 241. Schkuhr. handb. 167.) leaves opposite, stalked ; leaflets
t. 150; Sims. bot. mag. t.530. A. Austriaca, Scop. carn. ed. 2. two, ovate-acuminated, on very short
No. 666. Andr. bot. rep. t. 180. Sims. bot. mag. t. 807. A. stalks, 5-7 nerved, quite entire, or
Clematìdes, Crantz. austr. 111. t. 5. Clématis alpina, Mill. dict. notched with one or two teeth on each
No. 9. D. C. syst. 1. p. 165.
165. Flowers blue, varying to white. side, velvety underneath, smooth above,
h.v.
OL
Woo
2
b

RANUNCULACEÆ. IV. THALICTRUM.
11
drawn out at the apex into a trifid twisted tendril; (f. 5. d.) pa- 3 TH. CONTÓRTUM (Lin. spec. 770.) stipulas wanting; flowers
nicle terminal, with trichotomous pedicels. h.U.S. Native of in loose corymbose racemes; fruit pendulous. h. H. Native of
the East Indies. Sepals 4, caducous. Flowers yellow.
Siberia. Resembles Th. aquilegifolium, but dwarfer. Flowers
Var. a Hermánni (D. C. syst. 1. p. 167.) leaves velvety- white. Leaves glaucous, with small simple or trifid obtuse
.
tomentose on the under surface. Native of Ceylon, in groves. leaflets. Stem 2-edged. Fruit twisted.
Atragène Zeylánica, Lin. Amon. 1. p. 405. Clématis Zeylánica,
.
Twisted Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1796. Pl. 1 ft.
Poir. suppl. 2. p. 296. .
Var. B Roxbúrghi (D. C. syst. 1. p. 168.) leaves velvety- Sect. II. PhysocaʼRPUM, (quoa, physa, a bladder, kaptos,
pubescent on the under surface. A tragène Zeylánica, Roxb. karpos a fruit). D. C. syst. 1. p. 171. prod. 1. p. 11. Fruit
corom. 2. p. 47. t. 188. Native of Coromandel, near a place inflated, bladdery, stipitate. Flowers dioecious or polygamous.
called Samulcoath, in hedges and groves, in humid places. (f. 5.) Leaves bi or triternate.
Ceylon Narawæl. Fl. summer. Clt. 1796. Shrub cl.
4 TH. CLAVATUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 171.) flowers monoecious,
Cult. This plant will thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat. or hermaphrodite ; filaments club-shaped ; anthers elliptical
Young cuttings planted thinly in a pot of sand will strike root, awnless; pericarps inflated, with a very short beak; leaves
under a hand-glass in heat. (Sweet.)
smooth, without stipulas. K. H. Native of North America, on
h
Portage de La Loche, a height of land, composed of sand-hills,
Tribe II.
in lat. 57°, and separating the waters flowing to Hudson's Bay,
ANEMONEÆ (plants resembling Anemone). D. C. syst. from those falling into the Arctic Sea. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 6.
1. p. 167. prod. 1. p. 10. Calyx and corolla imbricate in Leaves biternate; leaflets roundish, membranous, glaucous un-
the bud (f. 4. a.) Petals none, (f. 6. b. f. 7. d.) or flat. Car- derneath, crenate-lobed. Flowers white, erect. Pericarps 5-6,
pels 1-seeded, (f. 6. d.) indehiscent, (f. 6. c.) generally ter- stellately spreading.
minated by a tail (f. 6. f.) or point (f. 6. c.) Seed pendulous Clavate-filamented Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
(f. 6. e.) Stems herbaceous, never climbing. Leaves radical Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
(f. 6.) or alternate (f. 7.)
5 TH. PODOCA'RPUM (H. B. et Kunth nov. gen. spec.
IV. THAL'ICTRUM (said from Oallw, thallo, to grow green; amer. 5. p. 38.) flowers polygamous ; filaments filiform; anthers
from the bright colour of the young sprouts). Lin.
gen. No. 697. long, with an awn at the apex; pericarps oval-oblong, smooth,
Gært. fruct. 1. p. 355. t. 74. Lam. ill. t. 497. D. C. syst. 1. with a long awn; leaves smooth without stipulas. 21. G. Na-
p. 168. prod. 1. p. 11.
tive of New Granada. Stem fistulous. Leaves 4-times pinnate,
Lin. syst. Polyándria Polygy'nia. Involucre none. Calyx or 4-times ternate ; leaflets stalked, ovate-orbicular, cordate at
of 4 or 5 deciduous petal-like sepals. Petals none. Carpels 4 to the base, smooth, glaucous underneath ; somewhat lobed at the
15, pointed not terminated by a tail, stalked or sessile, some- apex, with 3 or 4 teeth. Flowers loosely panicled.
times furrowed longitudinally. Roots perennial, with annual Foot-fruited Meadow-Rue. Fl. July. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
stems. Flowers corymbose, panicled, and somewhat racemose, 6 TH. LONGIST'YLUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 171). Flowers poly-
green, white, and yellow. Herbs usually fetid, with yellowish gamous ; filaments filiform ; anthers with a long awn; pericarps
bitter roots, tonic, resembling_rhubarb (especially T. flavum) in oval-oblong; style with a long awn; branches of petiole stipulled ;
its cathartic qualities. The English name of this genus, Mea- segments of leaves hairy at the nerves. 2. F. Native of South
dow-Rue, is given to it on account of the species usually growing America. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 7. Leaves 3 or 4-times ternate;
in meadows, and their leaves resembling those of Rue. It is leaflets ovate-orbicular, cordate at the base, grossly 3-5-toothed
also called Feather-Columbine, from the feathery appearance of at the apex, or lobed, scarcely glaucescent underneath. Flowers
the panicles of flowers, and the leaves resembling those of the loosely panicled.
Columbine.
Long-styled Meadow-Rue. Pl. 4 or 5 feet.
7 TH. PELTA'TUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 11.) flowers polyga-
Sect. I. TRIPTE'RIUM, (Tpels, treis, three, atepov, pteron, a
mous; pericarps sessile, with a long awn; leaflets of lower leaves
wing, in allusion to the three winged fruit). D. C. syst. 1. p. 169. peltate. 4. T. Native of Mexico.
2. F.
prod. 1. p. 11. Fruit triquetrous, with winged angles, somewhat
Peltate-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Pl. 2 feet.
stipitate.
8 TH. MEXICA'NUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 187). 2. F. Native of
1 TH. AQUILEGIFÒLIUM (Lin. spec. 770.) stipulas ovate, twin,
at the base of the ramifications of the petiole; panicle corymbose. fascicled, fibrous, of an amethyst colour, with yellow fibres.
Mexico. Coztipatli II. Hern. Mexic. 236 icon. Roots thick,
h.H. Native of Europe, on wooded mountains, in Germany, Leaves biternate ; leaflets stalked, ovate, toothletted. (Hern.)
France, Italy, Hungary, Siberia, &c. Sims. bot. mag. t. 1818.
Mexican Meadow-Rue. Pl. 2 feet.
Jacq. aust. t. 318. Stem fistulous, purple, meally. Leaves tri-
9 TH. RUTIDOCA'RPUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 172.) flowers poly-
pinnate, with suborbicular, smooth, deeply toothed leaflets. Sepals
gamous ; filaments filiform; pericarps ovate, somewhat com-
white, fugacious. Stamens white, but usually purple. Pericarps pressed, marked with elevated branched rugosities; leaves with-
smooth, pendulous, narrowed at the base, on long pedicels.
out stipulas ; leaflets hairy at the nerves. 2. F. Native of
Var. B, atropurpùreum (Murr. syst. 513. Jacq. hort. vind. 3.
South America.
t. 81.) stems and stamens dark purple. Native of Austria.
Rugged-fruited Meadow-Rue. Pl. 2 feet.
Var. Y, formòsum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 11.) stamens dark purple,
dilated at the apex. Sims. bot. mag. t. 2025.
.
Sect. III. EUTHALICTRUM, (from ev, eu, well or good, and
Var. d, álbum ; stems green, stamens white.
thalictrum ; genuine species). D. C. syst. 1. p. 172. prod. 1.
Columbine-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731.
Fruit, ovate-oblong, striped, sessile. Leaves various,
Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
almost always free of stipulas.
2 TH. CHELIDÒNN (D. C. prod. 1. p. 11.) stipulas wanting ;
axils of leaves gemmiferous; flowers loosely panicled ; fruit
§ 1. HETEROG'AMA. Flowers dioecious or polygamous.
stipitate, pendulous from the inflexed pedicel. Þ.H. Native 10 Th. CORNU'TI (Lin. spec. 768.) flower dioecious or poly-
of Nipaul. Flowers large, purplish. Pistils 8. Stamens 8 to 12. gamous; filaments somewhat club-shaped ; anthers elliptical, or
Swallow-wort Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. 2 ft. nearly linear; leaflets roundish-abovate and oblong, 3-lobed,
p. 12.
1
C 2

12
.
RANUNCULACEÆ. . IV. THALICTRUM.
eng. bot.
A small very
tawny.
glaucous beneath, with the nerves hardly prominent, rather cating ; sepals reflexed; pericarps striated, pointed with the
revolute at the edges; carpels ovate oblong; stigma filiform long inflexed style. 4. H. Native of Nipaul.
with membranous margins.
21. H. Native of North America, Sanicula-formed Meadow-Rue. Pl. 14 feet.
on banks of rivers, in woody districts, the whole breadth of the 17 TH. PETALOÌDEUM (Lin. spec. 770.) stem round, almost
continent. Hook fl. bor. amer. 3. t. 2. Leaves bi or tripinnate. naked; flowers corymbose; filaments dilated at the
apex;
leaf-
Flowers white, or in many pale-purple, panicled. Th. revolu- lets smooth, ovate, obtuse, entire or 3-lobed. 4. H. Native
tum D. C. syst. 1. p. 173. Th. Canadensis, Cornuti Canad. 186. of the mountains of Dauria, and on Mount Odon-Tchelen on the
t. 187.
confines of China. Deless, icon. sel. 1. t. 9. Lodd. bot. cab. 891.
Var. a. revolùtum ; anthers linear-oblong. Th. revolutum. Leaves ternately decompound. Sepals roundish, white. Filaments
D. C. syst. 1. p. 173. Var. ß. subglabrum.
flesh-colored. Anthers yellow. Pericarps 6. 8, sessile, oblong,
Var. B, pubescens (Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 388.) anthers striated.
elliptical ; leaves velvety, pubescent beneath. Th. corynéllum. Var. B, stamineum (Lin. fil. suppl. 271).
D. C. syst. 1. p. 172.
Petal-like-sepalled Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1799.
Cornuti's Meadow-Rue. F1.Jul. Aug. Clt. 1806. Pl. 3 to 4 ft. Pl. 13 feet.
11 Tu. Dioicum (Lin. spec. 768.) flowers dioecious; filaments 18 T1. ALPÌNUM (Lin. spec. 767.) stem quite simple, almost
filiform; leaflets roundish, cordate, smooth, bluntly crenate-lobed, naked, dwarf; raceme simple, terminal ; flowers nodding ; leaves
glaucous beneath ; peduncles axillary, shorter than the leaves. smooth, shining. 4. H. Native of Kamtschatka, Newfound-
4. H. Native of North America, in shady grassy places, on the land, Lapland, Greenland, Iceland, Pyrenees, &c. On most of
banks of rivers from Canada to Virginia and elsewhere. Deless. the highest mountains in Wales and Scotland. Smith.
icon. sel. 1. 6. 8. Th. lævigàtum, Mich. A. bor. amer. 1. p. t. 262. Lightf. scot. t. 13. f. 1.; Fl. dan. t. 11.
322. Plant very smooth. Leaves 3-times trifid. Leaflets smooth plant. Leaves chiefly radical, twice ternate and some-
stalked, glaucous underneath. Panicle branched, somewhat what pinnate ; leaflets wedge-shaped, dark green and shining
corymbose at apex. Flowers white. Pericarps ovate, awnless. above, glaucous beneath. Sepals whitish, acute. Anthers
Dioecious Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1759. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
12 Tu. CAROLINIA'NUM (Bosc. ined, but not of Walt. D. C. Alpine Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Jul. Britain. Pl. I to ft.
syst.
1.
P. 174.) flowers dioecious ; filaments filiform; leaflets 19 TH. F@TIDUM (Lin. spec. 768?) stem simple, naked at the
oval, 3--5-toothed, smooth, glaucous underneath ; peduncles base, leafy in the middle, panicled at top ; leaves with clammy
axillary, longer than the leaves. 4. H. Native of North Ame- pubescence; leaflets obtuse, toothed. 4. H. Native of France,
rica, from Pennsylvania to Carolina, on the banks of rivers and in Switzerland, Hungary, Siberia, Russia, &c. In valleys, on
swamps. Th. rugósum, Pursh fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 388, but not hills, or in the fissures of calcareous rocks. Lam. ill. t. 497.
of Ait. hort. kew. Flowers wbite, in divaricating panicles. f. 2. Waldst. and Kit. pl. hung. 2. p. 190. t. 174. Th. styloì-
Var. B, subpubéscens (D. C. syst. 1. p. 174.) leaflets, a little deum, Lin. fil. suppl. 271. Th, saxatile, Vill. dauph. 4. P
714.
hairy at the nerves on the under surface. Native of New Jersey.
Native of New Jersey. Stem clammy-pubescent, covered with scales at the base instead
Carolinian Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 to of leaves. Petioles 3-parted. Segments of leaves twice or thrice
2 feet.
pinnate. Leaflets orbicular, cordate, irregularly 3 to 5-lobed at
13 TH, PURPURA'SCENS (Lin. spec. 769.) flowers dioecious or
Panicle erect, spreading, few-flowered. Flowers
monoecious; filaments filiform, colored ; leaflets somewhat or- nodding. Anthers yellow. Sepals reddish on the outside.
bicular, grossly toothed, glaucous underneath ; panicle contracted,
Fetid Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1640. Pl. 1 ft.
almost leafless. 4. H. Native of Pennsylvania and Virginia, on 20 TH. PUBE'SCENS (Schl. pl. helv. D. C. syst. 1. p. 176.)
dry sunny hills.-Moris. oxon. 3. p. 324. Stems purple. Leaves
-
stem simple, with a few leaves, panicled at top ; leaves clammy-
triternate. Panicle of female flowers erect. Ovaries 7, 8. Styles pubescent. 4. H. Native of Caucasus; about Montpelier, and
.
,
long, acute. Stamens purple.
in Lower Vallais, on chalky rocks. Th. Cornùti, Poir. dict. 5.
Var. B, monoicum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 174.) panicle few-flow- p. 319, exclusive of the synonymes and countries. Resembles
ered, female flowers at bottom, and male at top of panicle. Th. fætidum, but with the leaves scattered equally over the stem,
Native of New England. Filaments red. Anthers long, yellow,
Anthers long, yellow, and with the leaflets more acute.
acute.
Pubescent Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 2 ft.
Purplish Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1699. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. 21 TH. ACUTI'LOBUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 177.) stem simple, naked
14 Th. JAVA'NICUM (Blum. bijdr. Spreng. syst. append. p.
at the base, leafy in the middle, and panicled at top; leaves pu-
221.) Stem 4-sided, striated ; leaflets orbicular, smooth, trifid, bescent, viscid ; lobes of leaflets acute. 4. H.Native of Siberia.
glaucous beneath ; panicle forked, corymbose, erect; flowers. Very like Th. fætidum. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 10.
,
dioecious. 2. S. Ñative of Java. Flowers yellow,
Acute-lobed Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 14 ft.
Java Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Pl. 3 feet.
22 TH. DIVE'RGENS (Link enum 584.) leaflets ovate-oblong,
pubescent beneath, bluntly 3-lobed ; branches and petioles divari-
$. 2. GENUìnA, (genuinus, natural ; species all hermaphro- cating; panicle diverging. 4. H. Native of Siberia. Th, di-
dite.) Flowers hermaphrodite. Leaves decompound. Roots varicàtum, Spreng. new entd. 1. p. 37. No. 68. Flowers
fibrous.
yellow.
Diverging-panicled Meadow-Rue, Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819.
,
15 TH. FOLIOLÒSUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 175.) stem round,
)
Pl. 2 feet.
smooth, branched; flowers in corymbose panicles, drooping ; 23 TH. SCHWEIGGE'RI (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 271.) stem erect,
leaves quadripinnate ; leaflets somewhat ternate, roundish or cor- furrowed ; leaflets ovate, cuneated, multifid and acutely toothed ;
date, 3-lobed, membranous, smooth ; petioles 3-parted. 4. H. petioles with stipulas at their base ; filaments capillary, elongated ;
Native of Upper Nipaul, at Suembu. Th. Dalínga, Hamilt. anthers awned. 4. H. Native of ? Flowers yellow.
MSS. Flowers small, yellow.
Schweigger's Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Pl. 3 feet.
Leafy Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
2
24 TH. SQUARRÒSUM (Steph. in Willd. spe. 2. p. 1299.) stem
16 TH. SANICULÆFÓRME (D. C. prod. 1. p. 12.) stem round- round; flowers panicled, drooping ; petioles stem-clasping, wing-
ish, branched; flowers few, panicled ; peduncles rigid, divari- ed. 2. H. Ñative of Siberia. Leaves supra-decompound ;
-
the apex.

RANUNCULACEÆ. IV. THALICTRUM.
13
round;
lateral leaflets for the most part ovate-acute, and very entire, 'Leaves triply pinnate then ternate. Stipulas crescent-shaped,
terminal ones, as well as the superior lateral ones, trifid or bifid. notched.
Petiole with an orbicular membranous toothed wing at the base Greater Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. England. Pl. 3 ft.
on each side. Flowers yellow.
32 TH. NUTANS (Desf. tabl. mus. ed. 1. p. 123.) stem round,
.
Squarrose Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1806. Pl. 1 ft. destitute of mealiness, flowers loosely panicled, drooping ; leaflets
25 Th. Sibiricum (Gært. fr. 1. p. 355. t. 74.) stem round- 3 to 5-toothed at apex, acutely cut, glaucous beneath ; pericarps
ish; flowers panicled, drooping ; leaflets smooth, ovate-cuneated, oblique and obtuse at the base. 4. H. Native of the Alps of Sa-
trifid with acute, entire, or acutely cut lobes. 4. H. Native voy. Th. acuminatum, Spreng. pug. 2. Very like Th. május.
of Armenia and Siberia. Flowers light yellow. Plant glaucous.
Flowers yellow.
Siberian Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1775. Pl. 1 to 3 ft. Nodding Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. 2 to 3 ft.
26 Th. MÌNUS (Lin. spec. 769.) stem round, mealy; flowers 33 TH. ME'DIUM (Murr. syst. 513.) stem round, destitute
loosely panicled, drooping ; leaflets smooth, roundish, toothed at of mealiness ; flowers loosely panicled, erectish ; leaflets smooth,
apex, glaucous; pericarps acute, furrowed. 2. H. Native al- oblong, wedge-shaped, acutely trifid, upper ones undivided, lan-
most throughout Europe, as well as Siberia, in mountainous ceolate. 4. H. Native of Hungary and Tauria, on hills. Jacq.
pastures. In Britain, in chalky pastures, especially such as are hort. vind. 3. t. 96. Th. diffùsum, Schrad.
Flowers yel-
rather mountainous, or in shell sand on the sea coast. Smith, lowish.
eng. bot. t. 11. Fl. dan. t. 732. Jacq. aust. t. 419. Stem zigzag. Middle Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1789. Pl. 2 ft.
Leaves doubly pinnate, then ternate; leaflets broadly cordate 34 TH. TRÁGYNUM (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 14.) stem
or wedge-shaped. Stipulas rounded. Sepals pale-purple with furrowed, erect; flowers very loosely panicled, erect, with 3
white edges. Anthers yellow.
styles ; leaflets smooth, oval, wedge-shaped, acutely trifid, glau-
Lesser Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. Britain. Pl. Į to 1 ft. cous beneath. 4. H. Native of Dahuria. Pericarps 1 to 3
27 TH. COLLÌNUM (Wallr. sched. crit. 259.) stem leafy at the oblong, striated. Flowers yellow.
base, intercepted with approximate internodes; leaves green on Three-styled Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. 2 ft.
both surfaces, smooth, radical ones sessile, crowded ; leaflets ovate 35 TH. CONCÍNNUM (Willd. enum. 584.) stem round, straight ;
or cordate, roundish, bluntly trifid; flowers panicled, drooping; flowers drooping, disposed in a very ample spreading panicle ;
pericarps ovate, equally ribbed, crowned by the straight style. leaflets smooth, wedge-shaped, trifid, acute, with the middle lobe
4. H. Native of Saxony in fields about Halle. Th. minus, usually 3-toothed. 4. H. Native of? Stem erect, purplish.
Spreng. A. hal. 156, exclusive of the synonymes. Sepals pur- Radical leaves quadriternate, cauline ones 3-parted, with the
plish. Anthers yellow.
partitions bipinnate. Flowers white with yellow anthers.
Hill Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1800. Pl. 1 to 1 z ft. Neat Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Clt? Pl. 3 feet.
28 TH. SAXA'TILE (Schl. pl. helv. D. C. syst. 1. p. 178.) stem
(
36 TH. GLAUCE'SCENS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 180.) stem round,
flowers panicled, erect; leaflets smooth, roundish, toothed straight ; flowers drooping, loosely panicled ; stipulas small, at
at apex, glaucous underneath; pericarps acute at both ends. 4.H. the base of the ramifications of the petioles ; leaflets smooth,
Native of middle Europe in woody hills and mountain valleys, 3-lobed at the apex. 4. H. Native of Russia ? Resembles
especially in Alsace, Switzerland, and the Pyrenees. Th. mìnus, Th. aquilegifolium. Herb glaucous. Stem fistulous. Sepal:
Poll. pal. No.522. Very like Th. minus but distinguished from oval, purplish. Anthers yellow.
it by the stem being green but purple at the base, and destitute Glaucescent Meadow-Rue, Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. 2 to 3 ft.
of mealiness, as well as in the flowers being erect. Anthers yellow. 37 TH. GALIOÌDES (Nestl. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 101.) stem
Rock Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. round, a little furrowed, upright; root creeping; panicle strict;
29 T1. CALA'BRICUM (Spreng. pug. 1. p. 37. No. 67.) stem flowers nodding ; leaflets linear, narrow, very entire, shining,
roundish, destitute of mealiness ; panicle of flowers somewhat with revolute margins, ultimate one almost sessile. 4. H. Native
racemose, contracted, leafless; leaflets roundish, bluntly 3-lobed, of Alsace in sandy meadows. Deless, icon, sel. 1. t. 11, Th.
rather glaucous underneath ; pericarps deeply furrowed, tapering angustifolium. Var. B, galioides, D. C. fl. fr. no. 4601. Pa-
to the base. 4. H. Native of Calabria on Mount Leone and nicle of flowers resembling that of Galium vérum. Flowers
of Sicily.--Moris. Hist. 1. sect. 9. to 20. f. 16.? Flowers yellow.
yellow.
Lady's Bedstraw-like Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816.
Calabrian Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1800. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
30 TH. ELA'TUM (Murr. syst. ed. 14. p. 513.) stem roundish, 38 TH. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 43.) stem
destitute of mealiness ; flowers panicled, erect; leaflets smooth, upright, round, a little furrowed ; root fibrous ; panicle multiple,
ovate, somewhat cordate, and somewhat trifid; pericarps ob- erect; flowers erectish; leaflets linear-lanceolate, quite entire,
tuse at the base. 4. H. Native of Hungary. Jacq. hort. vind. shining, ultimate one rather cut, remote. 4. H. Native of Ger-
3. t. 95. Intermediate between Th. saxátile and måjus, differing many and France in meadows and woods. Th. angustíssimum,
.
from the first in the pericarps being obtuse at the base not acute, Crantz. austr. 2. p. 79. Stem fistulous. Flowers yellow.
and from the second in the flowers being erect not drooping. Narrow-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July, Clt. 1793. Pl.
Flowers with white sepals and yellow anthers.
3 or 4 feet.
Var. B, ambiguum (Schl. pl. helv.) 4. H. Native of Switzer- 39 TH. LUCIDUM (Lin. spec. 770.) stem branched, round,
land on the edges of fields in the valley called Binn.
somewhat furrowed; panicle multiple, erect; flowers erectish ;
Tall Meadow-Rue.
-
Fl. August, Sept. Clt. 1794. Pl. 5 ft. leaflets linear-lanceolate, entire, shining, ultimate one lobed. .
31 Th. Ma'jus (Murr. syst. 513.) stem round, destitute of 4. H. Native of France, about Paris, and Spain, in meadows.
mealiness ; flowers loosely panicled, drooping ; leaflets smooth, Th. mèdium, Poir. dict. 5. p. 316. Th. speciosum, Mill. dict.
trifid, glaucous underneath, with ovate mucronate lobes ; peri- no. 2. Th. longifolium, Krok. fl. siles. 2. 1. p. 242—Pluk.
carps obliquely rounded at the base. 4. H. Native of Switzer- alm. 363, t. 65. f. 5. An intermediate plant between Th. angus-
land, Dauphiny, and Cevennes, on dry bushy hills. In England tifolium and mèdium. Flowers yellow
at Baydales, near Darlington ; also on the margin of Ulswater. Shining-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1739. Pl.
Jacq. aust. t. 420. Smith, eng. bot. t. 611. Stem purplish, angular 2 to 3 feet.
on the upper part. Sepals purplish-green. Anthers yellow. 40 TH. NIGRICANS (Jacq. fl. aust, 5. t. 421.) stem upright,
a

14
RANUNCULACEÆ. IV. THALICTRUM.
branched, furrowed; root fibrous; panicle multiple, erect, Native of South America. Stem hollow. Petioles trifid ; lateral
;
somewhat corymbose; leaflets of radical leaves wedge-shaped, segments bearing 3 leaves, middle one pinnate. Flowers yellow.
trifid, those of the stem leaves oblong-linear. 4. H. Native of Ovaries few and sometimes perhaps wanting, as is the case in
Austria, north of Italy, and south of France, on the margins of most of the American species.
fields and on the banks of rivers in moist sandy places.-Moris. Dense-flowered Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Pl. 2 to 3 ft.
hist. 1. sect. 9. t. 20. f. 3. Th. rugósum, Poir. dict. 5. p. 317.. 48 TH. CINE'REUM (Desf. cat. hort.
48 TH. cine'REUM (Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 2. p. 146.) stem
exclusive of the synonymes and countries. Like Th. flàvum. erect, round, striated; panicle much branched, loose, rigid ;
Flowers yellow.
flowers erect ; leaflets oval, cuneated at the base, 3 to 5-toothed
Blackish-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1798. Pl.
at the apex. 4. H. Native of ?
4. H. Native of? Stem hollow, leaves tripin-
2 to 3 feet.
nate. Flowers yellow. Ovaries 7 to 8, acute.
41 TH. FLA'VUM (Lin. spec. 770. var. a.) stem erect, branched, Cinereous Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. Pl. 3 or 4 ft.
furrowed; root fibrous ; panicle multiple, erect, somewhat co- 49 TH. GLAU'CUM (Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 2. p. 146.) stem
rymbose; leaflets wedge-shaped, trifid, acute. 4. H. Native erect, round, striated, mealy; panicle compound, erect, crowded;
throughout all Europe, also Siberia and about Constantinople. leaflets ovate, rather cordate, bluntly trifid, glaucous beneath.
In Britain in wet meadows and about the banks of rivers and 4. H. Native of Spain, Portugal, Pyrenees, and Switzerland.
ditches. Smith, eng. bot. t. 367. Fl. dan. t. 939. Th. pra- Schrad. hort. gött. 1. p. 14. t. 8.-Moris. hist. 1. sect. 9. t. 20.
ténse, Lin. fl. lapp. 224. Stem hollow. Leaves doubly pin- f.1. Th. speciosum, Poir. dict. 5. p. 315. Stem simple, hollow.
nate, ultimately ternate. Sepals cream-coloured. Anthers
Petioles 3-parted, with pinnate and bipinnate branches. Leaflets
yellow. Root yellow. The root dyes wool yellow, and has been ovate, orbicular, 3-lobed ; lobes grossly toothed. Flowers of
formerly used to cure the jaundice, probably from its colour. 4 to 5 sepals, yellow. Ovaries 4 to 6 ovate.
An acrid herb, raising blisters on the skin; but cattle frequently Glaucous Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1798. Pl. 2 to 5 ft.
feed upon it mixed with grass.
50 TH. RUGÒSUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 262.)
Var. ß paupérculum (D. C. A. fr. No. 4603.) panicle few-
fl
stem round, striated, green ; panicle compound, erect; flowers
flowered.
crowded ; leaflets ovate, rather cordate, coarsely 3 to 5 crenate-
Var. y vaginàtum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 14.) sheaths of petioles toothed, glaucous beneath, shining above.
. 4. H. Native of
expanded into auricles. Th. vaginátum. Desf. cat. hort. par. North America, in wet meadows, and on the banks of rivers,
ed. 2. suppl. 274.
from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Th. crenatum, Desf. cat. hort.
Yellow-rooted Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Britain. Pl. 3 to 4 ft.
par. ed. 2. p. 126.
126. Resembles Th. glaùcum, but differing in the
42 TH. DIVARICA'TUM (Horn. hort. hafn. add. 967.) stem stem being green not glaucous. Flowers with white sepals and
branched, upright, leafy, furrowed ; leaflets ternate, linear, very yellow anthers.
narrow, trifid, divaricating; panicle diffuse (strict ?); flowers Var. f, discolor; stem purplish ; leaflets purplish beneath; se-
erect. 4. H. Native of ? Flowers yellowish.
pals purplish ; anther yellow. Th. díscolor, Willd. enum. app. 46.
Divaricating-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Var. 7, umbelliferum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 134.) stem thicker
Pl. 2 feet.
and taller, ending at the apex in long-stalked umbels. Flowers
43 TH. ROSMARINIFÒLIUM (Nocett. in Spreng. syst. 2. p. 672.) yellow. Perhaps a distinct species.
leaves supradecompound; leaflets lanceolate, acute, very entire, Wrinkled-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. Jul, Clt. 1774. Pl. 4 to 6 ft.
opaque above, glaucous beneath ; panicle diffuse; flowers erect.
4. H. Native of Italy. Flowers yellow.
+ Species belonging to last division but not sufficiently known.
Rosemary-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. Pl. 51 Th. CYNAPIIFOLIUM (Fisch. in litt.) 4. H. Native of
2 to 3 feet.
Siberia.
44 TH. LASERPITIIFÒLIUM (Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 62.) Cynàpium-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. 2 ft.
lower leaflets cuneated, trifid, those of the cauline leaves linear, 52 TH. OLIGOSPE'RMUM (Fisch. in litt.) 4. H. Native of
ultimate ones 3-parted; flowers erect. 4. H. Native of?
Siberia.
Flowers yellow.
Few-seeded Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 ft.
Laserwort-leaved Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. Pl. 3 ft.
45 TH. THUNBE'RGII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 183.) stem erect,
§ 3. Indivìsa, ( from indivisus, undivided; because the leaves are
1
p
branched, round; panicle compound, erect ; leaflets wedge simple). D. C. syst
. 1, 2: 185. prod. 1. p. 15. Flowers herma-
shaped, acutely trifið at the apex, glaucescent. 4.H. Native phrodite. Leaves undivided.
of Japan. Resembles Th. flavum, but differing in the stem
53 TH. ROTUNDIFOLIUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 185.) leaves ra-
being round and smooth, not furrowed ; flowers smaller ; ovaries dical, stalked, kidney-shaped, somewhat orbicular, broadly
3 to 5, not 10 to 15; stamens 10 to 12 not 24. Flowers yellow. crenated, many-nerved. 4. H.
4. H. Native of Nipaul. Th. Bá-
Thunberg's Meadow-Rue. Fl. June, July. Pl. 3 feet.
tula, Hamilt. MSS. Th. alchemillæfòlium. Wall. in litt. Root
46 Th. símPLEX (Lin. mant. 78.) stem erect, simple, angular; fascicled, with long black fibres. Scapes radical, bracteate, with
root creeping ; panicle erect, racemose, few-flowered ; leaflets a few one-flowered branches at the top. Sepals 5 rarely 4.
linear, or lower ones oblong, acute, trifid. 4. H. Native of Ovaries sessile, oblong, terminated by the acute stigma, collected
France, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Switzerland, in waste mea- into a globose head. Pericarps striated.
dows and on the banks of rivers. Fl. dan. t. 244. Th. angus- Round-leaved Meadow-Rue. Pl. to 1 foot.
tifolium, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 722, exclusive of the synonymes.
54 TH. RANUNCULÌNUM (Muhl. in Willd. enum. 585.) leaves
Th. tenuifdlium, Swz. Flowers with green sepals and yellow simple, 5-lobed, serrated. 4. H. Native of Carolina. Flowers
stamens. Herb glaucous.
corymbose, pale yellow,
Simple-stemmed Meadow-Rue. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1778. Crowfoot-like Meadow-Rue. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1806. Pl. 1 ft.
Pl. 1 to 2 feet
47 TH. DENSIFLÒRUM (H. B. and Kunth. nov. gen. et spec. amer.
$ 4. Grumòsa, (from grumosus, full of clods; tuberous roots).
D. C. syst. 1. p. 186; prod. 1. p. 15. Roots grumose. Flowers
38.) stem erect, striated; panicle compound, erect ; flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals petal-like, longer than the stamens.
P.
crowded, somewhat capitate ; leaflets oval, acutely trifid or
3-toothed, glaucous and reticulately veined beneath.
55 Th. TUBERÒSUM (Lin. spec. 768.) root grumose; flowers
5.
p
4. G.

RANUNCULACEÆ. V. TETRACTIS. VI. ANEMONE.
15
loosely corymbose ; involucre none; bracteas sessile. 4. H. applied externally it occasions blisters, taken internally it is poi-
Native of Spain and the Pyrenees, in sterile stony pastures or sonous ; but nevertheless some of the species are proposed for
hills.—Moris. hist. 2. p. 438, sect. 4. t. 28. f. 13.-Mill. fig. chronic, ophthalmic and venereal diseases.
177 to 265. f. 2. Roots like those of Enánthe. Leaves crowded,
stalked, bi-tripinnate; leaflets orbicular, 3-lobed, smooth. Sect. I. PULSATLLAí, (from pulso to beat; in allusion to the
Flowers white, with 5 oval blunt sepals. Ovaries 7 to 8, elon- species growing in elevated situations much exposed to the wind.)
gated, rather incurved.
Bauh. prin. 177. D. C. syst. 1. p. 188. prod. 1.
p.
16. Ca-
Var. ß, uniflòra. Stem 1-flowered. 4.H. Native of Occitania. riopsides ending in a long bearded tail (f. 6. f.). Leaves of
Tuberous-rooted Meadow-Rue. Fl. June. Clt. 1713. Pl. 1 ft. involucre sessile, palmately-parted into linear lobes. Flowers
56 TH. ANEMONOÌDES (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 322.) root generally purple.
grumose ; flowers umbellate; leaves biternate ; leaflets cordate- 1 AN. VERNA'LIS (Lin. sp. 759.) leaves pinnate; segments
roundish, 3-lobed; floral leaves opposite or tern, stalked, biter- cuneate-lanceolate, trifid, smoothish ; flower erect ; invo-
nate, constituting an involucre. 2. H. Native of North Ame- lucre very villous; sepals 6, straight, elliptical-oblong. 4. H,
rica in woods, frequent from Canada to Carolina. Anemòne Native of Europe, on rocks and in meadows, on the highest moun-
thalictroides, Lin. spec. 763. Juss. an. du mus. 3. p. 249. tains in the Alps, near the limits of perpetual snow, Pyrenees,
t. 21. f. 2. Sims. bot. mag. t. 866. Willd. hort. berl. t. 44. Avergne, Germany, Sweden, Norway, &c. Fl. dan. t. 29. Sweet.
Roots black. Radical leaves hiternate; leaflets somewhat cor- fl. gard. 205.-Hall. helv. no. 1147. t. 21. Pulsatilla vernalis,
date, 3-toothed. Floral leaves 2-3, with stalked wedge-shaped Mill. dict. no. 3. An. sulphùrea, All. ped. no. 1921. but not of
leaflets. Flowers white, of 5 sepals. Pericarps striated. This Lin. Radical leaves somewhat villous or smooth. Involucre
plant has the habit of Isopyrum, flowers of Anemone, and the very pilose. Leaves clothed with white, sometimes yellowish
fruit of Thalictrum.
hairs, especially when dry. Flower subsessile or on pedicels;
Var. ß uniflora (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 387.) stem one- sepals oblong or oboval, acute or obtuse, purple or white.
flowered.
Var. B, luteus; flowers yellow. Pulsatíſla alpina, II, Dalech.
Var. y múltiplex. Flowers double. A beautiful plant, com- lug. 851. f. 1. Pulsatilla lutea apii hortensis folio. C. Bauh.
monly cultivated in gardens.
pin. 177.
Anemòne-like Meadow-Rue. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1768. Var. è, autumnàlis; flowering in autumn, leaves like parsley
Pl. { foot.
Pulsatílla apii folia autumnàlis. C. Bauh. prod. 94.
+A doubtful species.
Spring Pasque-flower. Fl. Ap. or d. Aug. Clt. 1752. Pl. Z ft.
2 AN. HALLE'RI (All. ped. no. 1922. t. 80. f. 2.) leaves pin-
57 Th.? SINE'NSE? (Lour. fl. cochin. 1. p. 423.) h. 4. G.
nate, very villous; segments 3-parted; lobes lobate ; lobules
Native of China. Root a white solid round tuber. Stem round, lanceolate-linear, acuminated ; flower erect; sepals 6, oval-lan-
erect, suffruticose, simple, one-flowered. Flower white, termi- ceolate. 4. H. Native of Switzerland, Alps of Valais, Pied-
nal ; petals 5, round, spreading. Stamens short, polyandrous. mont, Savoy, Dauphiny, and in the Eastern Pyrenees, near the
Seeds many, minute. Leaves linear-lanceolate. Perhaps this limits of perpetual snow. Lodd. bot. cab. 940. The whole
plant is a species of Ranúnculus.
plant is covered with long silky hairs. Flowers large, erect,
Chinese Meadow-Rue. Pl. 1 foot. .
purplish inside.
Cult. Mostly hardy perennial herbaceous free growing plants, Haller's Pasque-flower. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1816. Pl. Z ft.
well adapted for borders, easily increased by dividing at the 3 AN. CE’RNUA (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 238.) leaves pinnate, villous
root. The Th. anemonoìdes thrives best in peat soil. Those underneath ; segments pinnatifid; lobes cut, oblong; flower
natives of warm climates require protection during winter. The somewhat drooping ; sepals 6, spreading, elliptical-oblong.
species belonging to the two last divisions of the last section
4. H. Native of Japan near Jedo and Nagasaki. Scapes, pe-
are the most ornamental.
tioles and peduncles clothed with downy hairs. Radical leaves
V. TETRA'CTIS (from Terpas, tetras, by fours; in allusion to
from 2 to 3, one half shorter than the scape. An intermediate
the parts of flower.) Spreng, new entd. 3. p. 53; D.C. prod. 1.
plant between An. pulsatilla and vernàlis. Flowers smaller than
in An. pulsatilla, of a dark purple color. Sepals villous outside,
.
Lin. syst. Tetràndria, Tetragynia. Involucre none. Calyx
smooth inside. Stamens 3 times shorter than the sepals.
3 Ovaries
of 4 blunt sepals. Petals none. Anthers oblong, seated at the
and styles villous. Stigmas smooth, purple.
base. Carpels 4, acute. A small shrub with alternate oblong Pl. foot.
Drooping-flowered Pasque-flower. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1806.
entire leaves.
1 Tet. CAPE'NSEs (Spreng., l. c.) H. G. Native of the Cape
4 AN. PA'TENS (Lin. spe. 759.) leaves pinnate, rising after the
ħ. G. Native of the Cape flower ; segments 3-parted ; lobes toothed at the top ; flowers
of Good Hope. Peduncles capillary, crowded towards the top
of the branches. Flowers' red.
erect, spreading ; sepals 5-6. 4. H. Native of Siberia, in
Cape Tetráctis. Shrub 1 foot.
uncultivated fields of Tobolsk, and in pine-groves about Bar-
Cult. This plant will grow well in a mixture of sand, loam,
naoul, Lower Lusace, and Poland, also in Silesia, and Swit-
and peat, and young cuttings planted in a pot of sand, and placed
zerland. Ker. bot. reg. t. 61.-Breyn. icon. t. 61. cent. 132. t.
under a bell glass, will strike root.
134.-Helw. puls. 52. t. 2, 3. Pulsatilla patens, Mill. dict.
No. 4. This is a very distinct species with the flowers rising
VI. ANEMO'NE (from avepos, anemos, wind; because the before the leaves; but nevertheless it is found about Barnaoul
greater part of the species grow in elevated places, much exposed flowering in the month of May, with the almost dried leaves of
to the wind.) C. Bauh. pin. 173 and 177. Tourn. inst. 275 and the preceding year. Flower in the involucre almost sessile.
284, t. 147 and 148. Lin.
gen.
694. Lam. ill. t. 496. Gært. Fruit in the involucre on a very long peduncle. There are evi-
fruct. 1. p. 357. t. 74. D. C. syst. 1. p. 188. prod. 1 p. 16.
D.
. dently several varieties of this plant, or perhaps distinct species,
LIN. Syst. Polyandria, Polygynia. Involucre of 3-cut leaves one with the flower composed of 6 or 8 sepals. The Siberian
distant from the flower, (f. 6. a.) Calyx of 5 to 15 petal-like plant has yellow flowers; the Swiss and German have purplish
coloured sepals, (f. 6. b.) Petals wanting. Perennial herbs flowers; the Polish one has them white.
with more or less divided leares, (f. 6.) The recent herb is acrid, Var. B, orchroleùca (D. C. prod. 1. p. 17.) leaves yellowish;
p. 16.
-
a

16
RANUNCULACEÆ. VI, ANEMONE.
-
a
a
flower cream-coloured. Sims, bot, mag. 1994. Native of the 6, erect, somewhat reflexed at apex. 2. H. Native on the
Eastern parts of Russia. (Fisch.)
highest mountains in Eastern Caucasus. Very like An. pratén-
Spreading Pasque-flower. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1752. Pl. 1 ft. sis, but differing from it in the flower being white or cream-
5. An. PulsaTÍLLA (Lin. spe. 759.) leaves pinnate; segments coloured, not purple.
many-parted; lobes linear ; flowers rather nodding ; sepals 6, White Pasque-flower. Fl. May. Clt. 1821. Pl. foot.
spreading. 4. H. Native of uncultivated fields and dry hills, 8 AN. DAHU'RICA (Fisch. in lit. D. C. prod. 1. p. 17.) leaves
in exposed situations throughout Europe and Siberia, in England ternate with the two lateral segments sessile, unequal, 3-lobed,
in dry open chalky pastures. Smith, eng. bot. 51. Fl. dan. terminal one-stalked, 3-parted ; lobes 2—3-cleft, all linear and
153.-Clus. hist. 1. p. 246. f. 1. Pusatílla vulgaris, Mill. dict. acute ; sepals 6, erect, connivent. 2. H.
2. H. Native of Dahuria,
no. 1. An. pratensis, With. brit. 498. An. collina, Sal. prod. 371. at the river Ingoda. Flower flesh-coloured, size of those of A.
Var. B, rùbra (Lam. dict. 1. p. 163.) plant dwarf; flower pratensis, but pale, and with the fruit of A. Pulsatilla.
erect; sepals blunter. 4. H. Pulsatilla rúbra, Dalech. lug. Dahurian Pasque-flower. Fl.? Clt. 1823. Pl. { foot.
?
I
850, f. 1.-Lob. icon. 282, f. 1.
9 An. NUTTALIA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 193.) leaves 3-parted
Var. y, lilacina (D. C. syst. 1. p. 192.) flowers lilac. 4. H.
1
or ternate, segments cuneate, trifid, cut; lobes linear-lanceolate,
Native of Switzerland. An intermèdia, Schult. obs. 101. An. elongated ; leaves of the involucre parted into linear lobes ;
longipétala, Schleich. pl. ex. helv.
flower erect; sepals 5-6, erect, connivent. 4. H.
4. H. Native of
Var. , Dahürica (D. C. syst. 1. p. 192. prod. 1. p. 17.) North America, in Louisiana, banks of the Mackenzie river, and
d(
,
plant dwarf, very villous; flower erect ; sepals oblong. 4.H. valleys of the Rocky Mountains. Clematis hirsutíssima. Ph.
Native of Dahuria.
fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 385. An. Ludoviciàna. Nutt. gen. am. 2.
Variations. Flower purple, blue, red, lilac, greenish and p. 20. in Journ. acad. sc. phil. vol. 5. p. 158. t. 8. A. pàtens
white, single or double from the stamens being sometimes Hook fl. bor. amer. p. 4. A very distinct species, with the
changed into petals, and sometimes the ovaries are converted habit almost of An. Pulsatilla. Radical leaves ternate, not pin-
into green leaflets. Stature, from a hand to a foot high. Sepals nate. Flower purple, sometimes cream-coloured, erect, villous
acute, but in var. B, obtuse. Var. B, is distinguished by its outside as well as the base of scapes and the leaves of the invo-
dwarfer stature, erect very spreading red flowers, and blunter lucre. Fruit like those of An. Pulsatilla. The young flower-
sepals. Var. Y, by the peduncle and involucre being villous, buds are eaten by the marmots. Hooker considers this identical
flowers pale lilac with the outside very pilose. Var. 8 is dwarf with An. pàtens, but they are evidently very distinct plants.
and
very
villous, with the lobes of leaves short and very acute, Nuttall's Pasque-flower. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 ft.
flower erect, sepals oblong. Perhaps the two following species 10 A. FLAVE'SCENS (Zucc. in fl. d. Gaz. bot. ratisb. 1826. p.
belong to one or other of the preceding varieties. A. Pisciénsis 369.) leaves rising after the flower, ternate, segments many-part-
and punicea of Sism. agr. tosc. 223.
ed, lobes cut, linear ; flower erectly-spreading. 4. H. Native
.
The plant is acrid, and will easily raise blisters; the distilled of Siberia, frequent about Omsk. Flowers yellowish.
water will vomit, it cannot therefore be given with safety in dis- Yellowish-flowered Pasque-flower. Pl. I foot.
orders of the lungs. The juice of the petals stain paper green.
Goats and sheep will eat it, but horses, cows, and swine will Sect. II. PREONA'NTHUS, (from apnov, preon, the top of a
refuse it.
mountain; avlos, anthos, a flower; habitat.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 193.
Pulsatilla or common Pasque-flower, Fl. Ap. May. Britain. prod. 1. p. 17. Cariopsides ending in long bearded tails (f. 6.f.).
.
Pl. į to 1 foot.
Leaves of involucre ternate, stalked. Flowers yellow or white.
6AN. PRATE'NSIS (Lin. spe. 760.) leaves pinnate; many-
.
11 AN. ALPINA (Lin. spe. 760.) leaves biternate ; segments
parted; lobes linear; flower pendulous; sepals 6, erect, re- pinnate and deeply serrated; involucre of the same form ; flower
flexed at top. 4. H, Native of Denmark, Scania, Russia at erect; sepals 6, spreading. 4. H. Native of sloping pastures and
the river Courba, France, Germany; in dry exposed fields and stony places of mountains in Middle Europe, Pyrenees, Cevennes,
meadows. Fl. dan. t. 611. Schk. hand, t. 150. Pulsatilla nì- Auvergne, and Switzerland ; North America, on the eastern decli-
gricans, Störck. lib. puls. with a figure. An. Pulsatilla ß, Lam. vities of the Rocky Mountains, &c. Crantz, aust. 2. p. 105. t. 3.
fi. fran. 3. p. 320, An. sylvestris, Vill. daup. 4. p. 726. exclu- f. 2. A very variable species, as will be seen by the following
sive of the synonymes of Gerard and Lin. An. Pusatílla, Sturm. varieties. The transition between the extreme varieties are
deutsch. A. icone? Differing from An. Pulsatilla in the flower scarcely discernible, not less so in the gardens than in the moun-
being smaller, pendulous not suberect, and of a deeper colour ; tains where they are gathered. Flowers sometimes the size of
sepals narrower, and more acute, connivent at base, reflexed at A. corondria, but seldom so small as A. nemeròsa. Colour
apex. M. Storck recommends an extract or infusion of this sometimes white, sometimes white with the back purple, some-
plant in chronic affections of the eyes, and also in long standing times cream, yellowish or yellow with their backs paler. Sepals
siphilitic sores. In its recent state the plant has scarcely any elliptical,
elliptical, rarely ovate. Leaves sometimes smooth, sometimes
smell
, but its taste is extremely acrid, and when chewed corrodes sparingly pilose, sometimes clothed with long crowded silky hairs;
the tongue and fauces. The liquor obtained by distilling the plant rising before or with the flowers, rarely afterwards. Stature
with water is strongly impregnated with its virtues, and the re- variable, 1 to 2 feet, but when growing on the tops of the Alps,
maining extract is considerably active. It also appears from some scarcely a hand high.
experiments to contain a camphoraceous matter, which was ob- Var. a, màjor (Lam. dict. 1. p. 165.) flowers large, white,
tained in the form of crystals, of an acrid taste, and in- rather purplish on the outside ; sepals elliptical ; leaves smoothish
flammable.
or a little villous, expanding before the flower. Sims. bot. mag.
Var. B, obsolèta ; flower larger, pale ; lobes of pinnula broader, t. 2007. An. alpina, Vill. daup. 4. p. 726.
726. An. apiifolia,
awned. Sims. bot. mag. t. 186. Helw. puls. p. 65, t. 11. D. C. Hop. herb. val. D. C. fl. pan. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 881. Flore
prod. 1. p. 17.
plèno, double-flowered variety. An. alpina. var. 7, Lap. abr.
Meadow Pasque-flower. Fl. May. Clt. 1731. Pl. 1 to 1 ft.
7 AN. ALBA'NA (Stev. mem. soc. nat, mosc. 3. p. 264.) leaves Var. B, millefoliàta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 17. Bert. amoen. 374.)
pinnate; ; segments many-parted; lobes oblong-linear; flower flowers large, white, purplish outside ; sepals elliptical ; leaves
nodding; pedicels scarcely longer than the involucre ; sepals rising before the flowers ; segments lanceolate acute.
.
very
pyr. 308.

RANUNCULACEÆ, VI. ANEMONE.
17
4. H.
દ,
а
Var. y, micrántha (D.C. prod. 1. p. 17.) flowers small, white, $ 1. Leaves of involucre sessile (f. 6. a.) Trunk of root egg-
outside purplish; sepals elliptical ; leaves smoothish, expanding shaped tuberous. (f. 6.)
before the flower. An. alpina, Jacq. fi. aust. t. 85. An. Baldén-
sis, Lam. dict. 1. p. 614, but not of Lin. An. alpīna, a Willd. 15 An. CORONA'RIA (Lin. spe. 760.) leaves ternate ; seg-
sp. 2. p. 1275. ß A. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 881.
p
.
ments multifid ; lobules linear, mucronated ; leaves of the involu-
Var. 8, flavéscens (D. C. prod. 1. p. 17.) flowers large, yellow, crum sessile, multifid ; sepals 6, oval, approximate.
outside paler; sepals elliptical ; leaves sparingly villous, expanding Native of sub-humid pastures in the south of France, Montpelier,
before the flower. An. apiifòlia,
An. apiifòlia, Scop. carn. No. 663. Jacq. Provence, Nice; Italy, about Rome, &c.; Greece, Archipelago,
misc. 2. p. 47. t. 4. An. myrrhidifòlia B, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 727. Aleppo ; Troas, at the tomb of Ajax (E. D. Clarke). Lam. illus.
p.
Var. €, nivàlis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 18.) flowers middle sized, about t. 496. f. 1. Sims, bot. mag. 841. Fl. græc. 514. An.
outside purplish ; sepals elliptical ; leaves very villous, expanding hortensis ect. Weinm. Phyt. 1. p. 50 and 51, t. 119 to 128. An.
with the flower and after it ; scape dwarf.
cenánthe Ucria in Rom. arch. 1. A. p. 69.
Var. s, intermèdia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 18.) flowers large, yellow, The varieties of this species are very common and graceful
outside paler; sepals elliptical ; leaves very villous, springing up ornaments in gardens. Leaves finely or broadly dissected.
with the flower or before it.
Flowers purple, blue, violet, lilac, yellowish, white, or varie-
Var. n, sulphùrea, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 18.) flowers middle gated, single or double; sepals oval or orbicular. See Weinm.
sized, outside rather paler; sepals ovate ; leaves very villous, figures cited above.
rising with or before the flower. Native also of North America, Anemone coronària is a well known florist flower, valued for
on the eastern declivities of the Rocky Mountains. (Hook.) An. its hardy nature, and also because it will flower at almost
any
sulphùrea, Lin. mant. 78. An. apifòlia, Willd.
spec.
2.
p.
126.
season, according to the time the roots are kept out of the ground,
Flowers white, with a purplish tinge at the base.
and the season when they are replanted. Many new varieties
Alpine Wind-flower. Fl. July. Clt. 1658. Pl. 1 foot. have been raised from seed, but they are not named by florists,
12 AN. INTEGRIFÒLIA ; plant densely clothed with villi; root as in the case of Tulips and Pinks. The prevailing colours are
woody, fusiform ; leaves all radical, ovate, entire; petiole rather red, white, and blue; and semi-double flowers are in nearly as
broad very villous at the base; scape much shorter than the much repute as double ones. A root which has remained in the
leaves; involucrum wanting; sepals numerous about 15, linear, ground two or three years will attain a great breadth. They are
villous on the back thrice as long as the stamens. 4. F. Native increased by dividing the roots. The soil preferred by the Ane-
of Peru on the Andes. Flower solitary, large, purple. This mòne is a fresh loam rather heavy than light. The usual time of
a
very remarkable plant will perhaps form a distinct genus with the planting is in October, covering the roots three inches; but to
Hepática integrifolia of D. C. from the want of the involucrum. have earlier bloom, they may be planted in the beginning of Sep-
Entire-leaved Wind-flower. Pl. į foot.
17
tember, and to have bloom every month in the year, plant every
month. The finer sorts require protection from violent storms
Sect. III. PULSATILLOIDES (from Pulsatilla and kidos, eidos, re- and excessive light and heat; but many varieties do exceedingly
semblance; plants resembling Pulsatillas, which see.) D. C. syst. well in borders. A very severe winter will destroy the roots if
1. p. 195. prod. 1. p. 18. Cariopsides very hairy. Calyx of 15– the surface is not mulched, but the Anemòne is considerably
20-sepals. Leaves of involucre 2 or 3, sessile, cut at the top. hardier than the garden Ranúnculus.
13 An. CAPE'NSIS (Lin. sp. 764.) leaves biternate, stiff, smooth, In order to obtain new varieties, seeds should be saved from
segments wedge-shaped, toothed at top. 4. G. Native of the fine single or semi-double kinds; and sown in shallow pots, or
Cape of Good Hope, in stony places on the declivities of moun- boxes filled with light rich earth, in August, covering them a
tains. Atragène Capensis, Lin. spe. 764. Andr. bot. rep. t. 9.
.
. quarter of an inch thick with the same kind of earth, and when
Sims, bot. mag. t. 716. Clématis Capensis, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 296. the plants rise, care should be taken to protect them from the
Pulsatilla Africàna, Herm. Root black. Leaves coriaceous, frost
. In the following season, when their leaves begin to decay,
.
smooth, young ones somewhat villous. Sepals 13—18, oblong, they should be taken up and dried, and afterwards planted out in
bluntish, silky-villous on the outside and at the margins, smooth, borders in the same manner as the old roots; and in the follow-
purplish inside. Stamens 20—25, outer ones shortest. Ovaries ing summer they will produce flowers.
10—15, oblong. Styles short, smooth. Fruit unknown.
Garland or Garden Wind-fower. Fl. Ap.My. Clt. 1596. Pl.ft.
Cape Wind-flower. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1795. Pl. { foot. 16 AN. PUSÍLLA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 197.) leaves ternate ; seg-
14 AN. TENUIFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 196.) leaves triternate, ments multifid ; lobules linear, mucronated ; leaves of involucrum
stiff, smooth; segments pinnate-parted; lobes linear-filiform. sessile, cut at top: sepals 6, oblong, distant. 4. H. Native of
acute, entire. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. the island of Cyprus. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 12. Root tuber-
Atragène tenuifòlia, Lin, fil. suppl. 270. Willd. spe. 2. p. 1286. ous, the size of a nut. Flower erect, pale purple. Sepals 6,
Atragène ténuis, Thunb. A. jap. 239. Clématis tenuifòlia, Poir. rarely 4-5. Carpels woolly, disposed into an oval-oblong head.
suppl. 2. p. 298. Leaves of Knowltònia daucifolia Flowers Very near An. Coronària, and perhaps only a variety of it.
of Anemòne Capénsis. Lower leaves almost radical, stalked. Small Wind-flower.
Small Wind-flower. Fl.? Pl. z foot.
Stem erect, somewhat flexuous, terete, villous. Leaflets of 17 AN. Pavonina (D. C. syst. 1. p. 197.) leaves 3-parted ;
involucre oblong, erect, acute, villous. Flowers one-half smaller lobes cuneated, deeply toothed ; leaves of the involucrum sessile,
than those of An. Capensis. Sepals 7—9, oblong, obtuse, silky oblong, entire, or somewhat toothed ; sepals 10-12, lanceolate,
outside. Styles scooth, short.
very acute. 4. H. Native of Gascony, in vineyards near the
Thin-leaved Wind-flower. Pl. 1 foot.
river Adour ; in Provence; about Olbia, and Nice. Flower-
ing in the summer.—Clus. hist. 1. p. 261, 262. f. 1. and 2.
SECT. IV. ANEMONA'NTHEA, (from aveuoc anemos, avfos anthos, Mor. oxon. sect. 4. t. 35. f. 1. Very rarely seen with single
a flower; that is to say, the true wind-flower. See Anemone.) flowers, but the double variety is to be found common enough
D. C. syst. 1. p. 196. prod. 1. p. 18. Cariopsides tailless, in gardens under the names of An. Eil de Paon, An. Candiote,
(f. 6. c.) egg-shaped. Pedicels solitary, or in pairs, all leafless An. de Crete, &c. Easily distinguished from An. Coronària by
and 1-flowered. Leaflets of involucre sessile (f. 6. a.) or
its
very acute sepals. Flowers variable in colour.
stalked.
Var. 2, fúlgens (D. C. prod. 1. p. 18.) leaves tri-parted; lobes
D
VOL. I. PART I.

18
RANUNCULACEÆ. VI. ANEMONE.
a
4. H.
581. eng.
cuneated, deeply toothed ; leaves of the involucrum sessile, oblong, Scape round length of petioles. Flower somewhat drooping,
entire, or a little toothed; sepals oblanceolate, broadest at apex, yellow, of 5 oval, oblong, obtuse sepals, which are pubescent out-
tapering to the base. An. fulgens, Gay. ined, An. hortensis, side, and a little longer than those of An. ranunculoides. Stamens
Thor. chl. land, 238; An. pavonina, Lois. not. 87. Flowers few in the flower with two involucrums, but numerous in the
larger than in var. a.
flower with one involucrum. Ovaries many in the first.
Peacock Wind-flower. Fl. April. May. Clt.? Pl. 1 foot. Two-flowered Wind-flower. Pl. I foot.
18 An. STELLA'TA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 166.) leaves 3-parted; 24 AN. FORMÒSA (Clark. ex Spreng. neu. entd. 3. p. 201.)
lobes cuneated, deeply toothed ; leaves of the involucrum sessile, radical leaves thick, 3-parted, roundish fan-shaped, somewhat
oblong, entire, or a little toothed ; sepals 10, 12, oblong bluntish. 3-lobed, acutely toothed ; leaves of involucrum 3, 3-parted :
4. H. Native of Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy, Rome, segments lanceolate; sepals broadly ovate.
Native of
and the Levant, in hedges and bushy places. Flowering in Asia Minor. A. biflora var. ß, trifoliata, D. C. prod. 1. p. 19.
winter and summer. An. hortensis, Lin. spe. 761. Curt. bot. Petioles and Scapes much shorter than in An. biflora. Flowers
mag. 123. Fl. græc. 515.
. An. versicolor, Sal. prod. 371. on long pedicels, white or purplish. Carpels woolly, few.
Sepals narrow, oblong, or broad oval, but always blunt. Flowers Shewy Wind-flower. Pl. ſ foot.
purple, or rose, or whitish, never truly yellow.
Starry Wind-flower. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1597. Pl.ft.
§ 2. Leaflets of involucrum stalked. Trunk of roots egg-
19 AN. PALMA'TA (Lin. spe. 758.) leaves cordate, suborbi- shaped tuberous.
cular, bluntly 3-5-lobed, toothed ; leaves of the involucrum 25 AN. APENNI'NA (Lin. spe. 762.) leaves triternate ; seg-
sessile, trifid; sepals 10-12, oblong, obtuse. 4. H. Native of ments lanceolate, deeply-toothed, acute ; leaves of the involu-
humid and uncultivated places about Algiers ; Portugal, at the crum stalked, trifid, deeply cut; sepals 12-14, oblong, obtuse.
Tagus, &c.; Spain, near Madrid and Valencia ; Provence, near 4. H. Native of England in Wimbledon park; also near Harrow;
Olbia. Andr. bot. rep. 172. Ker. bot. reg. 200. Involucrum near Lutonhoe, Bedfordshire ; Berkhampstead, Herts; near
1 very rarely 2-flowered. Differing from An. stellàta at first Brussels; in Provence ; Apennines, Italy; and on the mountains
sight by its yellow flowers.
of Caucasus. Hook. fl. lond. 6. t. 35. Smith, fl.
græc.
Var. B, flore plèno (Clus. hist. 1. p. 249. f. 1.) flowers double. bot. 1062. Flower erect, blue. Roots black.
Pulmated-leaved Wind-flower. Fl.My.Ju. Clt. 1597. Pl. tolft. Var. ß, ranúnculus nemorosus, &c. f. álbo. Tourn. cor. 20.
20 AN. DECAPE TALA (Lin. mant.
FIG. 6.
Flowers white.
79.) leaves 3-parted : lobes grossly
Var. y, párvula (D. C. prod. 1. p. 19.) leaves almost sessile ;
7
toothed, or somewhat cut; leaves
flowers blue. Native of Caucasus.
of involucrum sessile, twice trifid,
Apennine Wind-flower. Fl. Mar. Apr. England. Pl. Į ft.
. Z
with linear lobes (f. 6. a.); sepals
§ 3. Leaflets of involucrum stalked. Trunk of roots cylindri-
10-12, oblong obtuse. (f. 6.b.) 4.
G. Native of Brasil about Monte
cal, slender and elongated, but can scarcely be called tuberous.
Video, and in the province of Rio
26 An. CÆRU'LEA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 163.) leaves of the in-
Grande do Sul, near the town of St.
volucrum, 3-5-cleft on short stalks, with deeply-toothed segments;
Francisco de Paulo; Peru and Chili
sepals 4-5, oval. 4. H. Native of Siberia about Zmeof.
in woods. An, trilobàta Juss. ann.
Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 14. Flowers blue or white. Stems 1 or
mus. 3. p. 247. t. 21. f. 3., An.
2-flowered.
macrorrhiza, Domb. herb. Scapes
Blue Wind-flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. Pl. { foot.
naked. Flower solitary, white, blue-
27 An. URALE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 19.) leaves of involu-
ish on the outside.
crum on short stalks, ternate ; segments linear, deeply-toothed ;
Ten-petalled Wind-flower. Fl.
sepals 5-6, oval-oblong. 4. H. Native of the Ural mountains.
May. Pl. foot.
Plant small, almost the habit and size of An. coerulea. Flowers
21 An. ČAROLINIA'NA (Walt. fl. car. 157.) leaves ternate, with tinged with blue.
3-parted or cut, acutely-toothed lobes ; leaves of the involucrum Ural Wind-flower. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Pl. foot.
trifid, with cut lobes; sepals 10-12, linear. 4. H. Native of 28 AN. BALDE'Nsis (Lin. mant. 78.) leaves biternate; seg-
Carolina, and on the banks of the river Missouri. A. tenélla, ments many-parted; lobes linear ; leaves of the involucrum on
Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 386. Scape 1-flowered. Involu- short stalks, multifid; sepals 8-10, oblong-oval. 4. H. Na-
;
crum 3-leaved. Flower on a long pedicel ; sepals small, purplish, tive on Mount Baldo, Alps of Austria, Tyrol, Carniola, Switzer-
pubescent on the outside. Fruit woolly, mucronate.
land, Piedmont, Dauphiny, Provence, and, according to Hooker,
Slender and delicate plant.
in North America in arid places on the eastern summits of the
Carolinian Wind-flower. Fl. May, Jun. Clt. 1824. Pl. i ft. Rocky Mountains. All. ped. No. 1928. t. 44. f. 3. and t. 67.
22 AN. TRITERNATA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 74. t. 65.) leaves triter- f. 2.; Vill. dauph. 3. p. 723 t. 49; An. alpina, Scop. carn. ed.
nate: segments 3-toothed ; leaves of the involucrum sessile, cleft 2. No. 662. t. 26, not of Lin. An. fragífera, Murr. syst. 510;
into many setaceous lobes ; sepals 10-12, oblong, obtuse. 4. G. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 103. Scape woolly, ascending or erect, l-
Native of Brasil about Monte Video, and at the mouth of the flowered. Flowers white, clothed with pressed hairs on the out-
river Plate, as well as on the mountains called Cerro-Aspro, and side, and reddish, tinged with blue.
side, and reddish, tinged with blue. Root fusiform. (Hook.)
of Peru. Anemòne, Lam. illust. t. 496. f. 3.; An. fumariæ- Hooker considers this and the two preceding to be identical.
fòlia, Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 247. t. 20. f. 2. Root and habit that Mount-Baldo Wind-flower. Fl. May. Clt. 1798. Pl. ft.
of An. decapétala. Flowers white. Fruit woolly, disposed into 29 AN. PARVIFLORA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 319.) leaves
an oblong head. St. Hil. fl. bras. p. 5.
leaves
Triternate-leaved Wind-flower. Fl. Oct. Nov. Pl. foot. of the involucrum sessile, 3-parted, with the lobes toothed at the
23 AN. BIFLÓRA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 201.) leaves ternate; seg- apex ; sepals 6, oval-oblong. 4. H. Native of North Ame-
ments divided into linear blunt cut lobes ; leaves of the invo- rica at the mouths of the rivers and rivulets falling into Hudson's
lucrum 2, sessile, many-parted; pedicels in pairs, one of them Bay; from the Rocky Mountains to the Arctic sea in limestone
bearing a two-leaved involucel. 4. H. Native of the Levant. tracts and barren grounds; Labrador, and Newfoundland. An.
3-parted ; lobes cuneated, trifid, and crenate at the
apex;
A very

RANUNCULACEÆ. VI. ANEMONE.
19
ous.
cuneifolia, Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 248, t. 21. f. 1. An. tenella, -Mor. Oxon. 2. sect. 4. t. 25. f. 1. Roots horizontal, white.
Banks, herb. A. borealis, Richards. in Frankl. 1st. journ. ed. 2. Scapes 1-flowered. Flower white, erect, of 5-6-sepals. Ovaries
p. 22. Flowers small, white; sepals clothed with pressed hairs 20—25, pubescent. Stamens often beyond 100 in number.
on the outside. Fruit woolly, acuminated, collected into a globose Like An. nemorosa.
head. Like An decapétala and palmàta.
Three-leaved Wind-flower. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1597. Pl. Z ft.
Small-flowered Wind-flower. Fl. Apr. Ju. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 ft. 36 AN. MÍNIMA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 206.) leaves of the involu-
30 AN. NEMOROSA (Lin. spe. 762.) leaves ternate; segments crum stalked, 3-parted; lobes ovate, acuminated, and serrated at
trifid, deeply-toothed, lanceolate acute; leaves of involucrum the top ; sepals 5, oval-oblong, obtuse. 4. H. Native of the
stalked ; sepals 6, elliptical. 4. H. Native throughout Europe Alleghany mountains, Virginia. Scape 1-flowered. Flowers
in groves, hedges, hills, bushy and shady places. North America, small, white; sepals smooth. Ovaries few, pubescent. Like
from Canada to Carolina. Fl. dan. t. 549 ; Smith eng. bot. 353; A. trifolia, but three times smaller.
Schkuhr. handb. t. 150. Colour of flower commonly white, some- Least Wind-flower. Fl. April, May. Pl. 1 foot.
times red, lilac, purple or blue, never yellow. Flowers single or 37 AN. COMMERSONIA'NA (Richard ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p.
double. Leaves of involucrum in threes or fives, with parted 662.) leaves of involucrum 2, stalked
662.) leaves of involucrum 2, stalked opposite, and are, as well as
segments. In fine clear weather the blossoms are expanded and the rest, 3-parted, with multifid segments, all villous as well as
face the sun; but in the evening and wet weather they are closed the stem ; sepals 8. 4. F. Native of the Straits of Magellan.
and hang down. This plant is acrid and in some degree poison- A. multifida var. Y, uniflora.
A. multifida var. Y, uniflora. D. C. prod. 1. p. 21. Deless.
Goats and sheep eat it; but horses, cows, and swine refuse icon. sel. 1. t. 17. Flowers yellowish.
it. It is now disused in medicine ; but Chomel says, that the Commerson's Wind-flower. Pl. 1 foot.
leaves bruised with the flowers, and applied twice a day to the 38 AN. RANUNCULOÌDES (Lin. spe. 762.) radical leaves 3-5
head, have, in a little while, healed the Tinea ; and it is also said parted; segments subtrifid, deeply toothed; those of the invo-
that a blister prepared of these, when recent, serves to remove lucrum on short stalks, 3-parted, deeply toothed ; sepals 5-6
intermittent fevers; but it should be cautiously used.
elliptical. 4. H. Native of Middle and Northern Europe, in
Var. ß, quinquefòlia (Lin. spe. 769.) leaves somewhat 5-parted. meadows and mountains, in hedges and groves; England, near
Native in North America, from Canada to the south of Lake King's Langley, Herts; and Wrotham, Kent; near Abbot's
Winepeg and elsewhere, and Siberia. Hardly differing from the Langley. Fl. dan. t. 140. Smith, eng. bot. 1484. Lodd.
European plant, unless that the lateral lobes of the leaves of this bot, cab. 556. An. lùtea, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 318. Flowers ge-
plant are often profoundly 2-parted; but this is also sometimes nerally solitary, seldom in pairs, single or double, usually yellow,
observed in European plants.
but in the Pyrenean variety purple. Lobes of involucrum usually
Var. Y, flòre cæruleo is evidently different from An. Apennina deeply-toothed, rarely entire.
by its root being elongated not tuberous ; sepals 6, elliptical not Crowfoot-like Wind-flower. Fl. Mar. Apr. England. Pl. ft.
12-15, linear, oblong.
39 AN. REFLE'XA (Steph. in Willd. spec. pl. p. 1282.) leaves
Grove or Wood Wind-flower. Fl. Mar. May. Brit. Pl. Į ft. ternate; segments subtrifid, toothed at apex ; those of the invo-
31 A. DELTOIDEA (Dougl. mss. in Hook. fi. bor. amer. 6. t. 3. lucrum stalked; pedicles solitary ; sepals 6, linear obtuse, re-
1
A.) radical leaves ? those of the involucrum 3, sessile ovate- flexed. 4. H. Native of Siberia. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 15.
acuminated, deeply-serrated, never cut: stem pilose; sepals 5-6, Flower 3-times smaller than in An, ranunculoìdes, yellow,
obovate. 4. H.
4. H. Native of North America, in thick shady Reflexed-sepalled Wind-flower. Fl. Mar. Apr. Clt. 1818. Pl. ft.
woods on the Columbia river, near its confluence with the sea. 40 AN. RICHARDSÒNII (Hook in Frank. Ist. journ. ed. 2. app.
Flowers large, solitary, white. Allied to An. nemoròsa, but the 21. fl. bor. amer. p. 6. t. 4. A.) plant somewhat pilose ; leaves
leaves of the involucre are never divided.
kidney-shaped, 3-5-parted ; lobes somewhat trifid and acutely
Deltoid-leaved Wind-flower. Pl. foot.
toothed ; leaves of the involucrum roundish-cuneate, sessile, trifid
32 AN. ISOPYROIDES (Jus. ann. mus. 3. p. 249. t. 20. f. 3.) and toothed ; sepals 6, spreading ; carpels compressed, smooth,
;
leaves biternate; segments deeply 3-toothed, somewhat cuneated; terminated by a long deflexed, hooked beak. 4. H. Native
leaves of the involucrum stalked, ternate, with the lateral segments of North America, in Hudson's Bay, and the Rocky Mountains,
bifid ; middle one trifid ; sepals 5, oblong. 4. H. Native of in barren and wet mossy ground, and of Unalaschka. An. ranuncu-
Siberia. Flowers 1 or 2. Sepals narrow, elongated, oblong. Very loìdes var. Richards. in Frankl. 1st. journ. ed. 1. app. 740. An.
like An. nemorosa.
Arctica Fisch. MSS. Flowers yellow.
Isopyrum-like Wind-flower. Pl. foot.
Richardson's Wind-flower. Pl. , foot.
33 An. FISCHERIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 20.) leaves biternate,
those of the involucrum on very short stalks ; lobes elongated,
§ 4. Leaflets of involucrum stalked. Roots fascicled, fibrous.
acuminated ; pedicels 2, pubescent: sepals 5, elliptical. 4. H. 41 AN. SYLVE'STRIS (Lin. spe. 761.) leaves ternate or quinate,
Native of Siberia, near Salair. Flowers white, nearly the same hairy beneath ; segments deeply-toothed at top; those of the invo-
as those of An. isopyroides. Carpels villous, pubescent.
lucrum stalked; pedicel solitary; sepals 6, elliptical; fruit very
Fischer's Wind-flower. Pl. 1 foot.
hairy. 4. H. Native of groves and hedges in France, north of
34 AN. LANCIFÒLIA (Ph. A. amer. sept. 2. p. 386.) leaves all Italy, Germany, Caucasus, Siberia, on the banks of the Oby about
stalked, ternate; segments lanceolate, crenate-toothed ; sepals 5, Barnaoul. Bull. herb. t. 59. Curt. bot. mag. 54. Schkuhr. hand.
ovate-acute. 4. H. Native of Pennsylvania and Virginia, on t. 150. Flower large or small, of 5 or 6 sepals, white, greenish
high mountains in a boggy soil. Like An. trifolia ; but differing or purplish, single or double. Receptacle of fruit, globose.
from it in the leaflets being lanceolate, not ovate-lanceolate, and Var. ß, álba minor (Bauh. pin. 176.) Native of Siberia.
crenate-toothed, not truly toothed, with the flowers a little larger. Wild Wind-flower. Fl. April
, May. Clt. 1596. Pl. { ft.
Sepals always 5, more acute. Fruit ovate. Style short, hooked. 42 An. A'LBA (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 248. t. 20. f. 1.) leaves
Lance-leaved Wind-flower. Fl. May, Jul. Cit. 1823. Pl. 1 ft. ternate or quinate ; segments deeply-toothed at top; those of
35 AN. TRIFÒLIA (Lin. spe. 762.) leaves all stalked, ternate; the involucrum stalked; pedicel solitary; sepals 5, obovate;
segments ovate-lanceolate, acute, toothed ; sepals 5, elliptical
, fruit very hairy. 4.H. Native of Dauria about Tschita and
obtuse. 4. H. Native of sub-mountainous groves in France, Barnaoul, and in fields at the river Oby, as well as in the Crimea.
Piedmont, Carniola, Carinthia, Siberia. Sturn. deutsch. fl. icon. Sims, bot. mag. 2167. An. Ochoténsis, Fisch. hort. gorenck. 47.
,
P.
D2

20
RANUNCULACEÆ. VI. ANEMONE.
4. H.
a
5
Differing from An. sylvestris by its smaller stature, as well as in river, and from Hudson's Bay to the Pacific, as well as on the bor-
having 5 not 6 sepals shorter, rounder, and very blunt. The ders of fountains in Siberia. Hook. f. bor. amer. 8. t. 3. B. An.
specimen collected in the Crimea by Dr. Clarke has its stem and irregularis, Lam, dict. 1. p. 167 ; An. aconitifolia, Mich. A. bor.
petioles very villous.
amer. 1. p. 320.; An. borealis Richards. Flowers large, white,
White-flowered Wind-flower. Fl. June. Clt. 1820. Pl. Z ft.
Fl. June. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. anthers yellow. Root creeping.
Var. , Laxmánni (D. C. syst. 1. p. 210.) involucrum 2-
Sect. V. ANEMONOSPEʻrmos, (from avepos, anemos, the wind, leaved ; lateral pedicles involucelled at base. Perhaps a distinct
and oneppa, sperma, a seed ; application the same as Pulsatilla, species.
The flower at first sight has the appearance of An.
which see.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 208. prod. 1. p. 21. Cariopsides narcissiflòra, but upon a more attentive examination it is seen to
.
somewhat compressed, tailless; pedicels numerous, rising from belong to An. Pennsylvánica.
the involucrum, 1-flowered, one of which is leafless, the rest fur- Pennsylvanian Wind-flower. Fl. My. Ju. Clt. 1766. Pl. 1; ft.
nished with 2-leaved involucels.
47 AN. DICHO'TOMA (Lin. amon. 1. p. 155.) leaves 3-parted;
43 An. Virginia'NA (Lin. spe. 761.) leaves ternate ; segments lobes oblong, deeply toothed at top; those of the involucrum
trifid, acuminated, deeply-toothed; those of the involucrum and sessile, all 2-leaved ; sepals 5, elliptical ; carpels smooth. 4. H.
involucels stalked ; sepals 5, elliptical.
Native of Native of Siberia in moist woods and pastures; Dauria, near
North America, in woods and on rich banks of rivers, from Ca- Tschita; North America, from Canada to New York. Lin. fil.
nada to Carolina. Hook. f. bor. amer. 8. t. 4.B. Gært, fruct. decad. 29. t. 15. Root creeping. Fruit at last smooth. Flowers
1. p. 357. t. 74.—Herm. par. p. 18. with a figure. An. hirsuta,
par. p. 18. with a figure. An. hirsùta, white with a tinge of red on the under side, smaller than those
Moench, meth, 105. Herb erect, tall, pubescent. Peduncles of the foregoing. Lobes of leaves oblong.
Lobes of leaves oblong. Pedicels many,
3-4, much elongated, middle one naked, sometimes a foot high, usually bifid.
usually bifid. Like An. Pennsylvánica, but differing in its sta-
lateral ones bearing 2-leaved involucels; pedicels often rising in ture, being more slender, with a smooth surface. Perhaps the
pairs from the involucel. Flowers small, pale, yellowish green, American plant is exactly the same as the Siberian one. Dr.
or pale purplish ; sepals silky-pubescent on the outside. Carpels Hooker considers this and the preceding identical, but at present
compressed, woolly, collected into an oblong head.
we consider it most proper to keep them separate.
Virginian Wind-flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1722. Pl. 2 ft. Dichotomous Wind-flower. Fl. My. Ju. Clt. 1768. Pl. 13 ft.
44 AN. MULTÍFIDA (Poir, suppl. 1. p. 364.
p. 364. D. C. syst. 1. p.
48 An. MEXICA'NA (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spe. am.
209.) radical leaves ternate; segments cuneated, 3-parted mul- 5. p. 41.) leaves ternate; segments oval, somewhat cuneated,
p
tifid, with linear lobes ; those of the involucrum and involucel deeply toothed at the apex ; leaves of the involucrum two, sessile,
multifid on short petioles ; sepals 5-10, elliptical, obtuse. 4.H. deeply toothed ; sepals 5; ovaries pubescent. 4. H. Native
Native of the Straits of Magellan, and the Andes of Peru. Deless. of Mexico near Santa Rosa. Herb somewhat villous. Lateral
icon. sel, 1. t. 16. .
Root hard, woody. Herb a hand high, segments of leaves usually bifid. Involucels of lateral flowers
erect, hairy. Peduncles 3, 1-flowered, one of which is naked and small. Flowers white, very like those of An. Pennsylvánica.
earlier, the other two longer, and bearing 2-leaved multifid invo- Mexican Wind-flower. Fl. May, June. Pl. 1 foot.
lucels on their middle. Flowers small, from whitish-yellow to a 49 AN. HELLEBORIFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 211.) leaves pedate :
citron-colour ; sepals oval-oblong, villous on the outside. Style segments smooth, somewhat coriaceous, stalked, cuneated, trifid ;
,
short, hooked.
lobes serrated, acute; involucrum and involucels 3-leaved and
Multifid-leaved Wind-flower. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl. : ft. almost sessile ; ovaries smooth. 4. G. Native of Peru about
45 An. HUDSONIA'NA (Richards. in Frankl, 1st. journ. ed. 2. Huassa-Huassi. Lobes of leaflets sometimes somewhat trifid,
app. p. 22.) villous; radical leaves ternate, with many-parted as well as those of the involucrum. Stem round, fistular.
segments and linear lobes; those of the involucrum are ternately Flowers white; sepals 5-oval. Carpels 15-20, oval, smooth.
decompound on short stalks ; peduncles 2, bearing involucels; Style hooked. A very shewy and distinct plant.
sepals 5-8, ovate, acutish. 4. H. Native of North America, Hellebore-leaved Wind-flower. Pl. 1) foot.
from Hudson's Bay to the western declivities of the Rocky Moun- 50 AN. VITIFÒLIA (Buch. in herb Lamb. D. C. syst. 1. p. 210.)
tains, and several other parts of North America. An. multifida leaves large, cordate, 5-lobed, beneath as well as the stems clothed
var. B, Hudsoniàna D. C. syst. 1. p. 209. prod. 1. p. 21. Deless. . with white wool ; lobes broadly ovate, acute, cut and crenate;
icon. sel. 1. t. 17. A. multifida. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 6. those of the involucrum stalked, white-woolly underneath, smooth
Leaves ternately divided ; segments cuneate, 3-parted, jagged; above, bluntly cordate, 5-lobed, and are as well as involucels 3-
lobes linear acute. (Hook.) Flowers, small, white, purple, leaved; ovaries smooth. 2. F. Native of Upper Nipaul at
yellow, or deep red. (Hook.)
Suembu. Sepals 8, oval, oblong, villous on the outside, and
Var. B, uniflòra, stem 1. flowered. A. multifida var. y, uni- purplish inside ; anthers copper-coloured. Carpels small, villous,
flora, D. C. syst. 1. p. 209. Hook, Al. bor. amer, p. 6.
collected into a round head.
Var. 7, sanguinea (Richards. in Frank. 1st. journ. ed. 2. app. p. Vine-leaved Wind-flower. Fl. July. Pl. 2 foot.
22.) flowers deep red. Native of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, from 51 AN. RIVULA‘ris (Buch. in herb. Lamb. D. C. syst. 1. p.
.
the shores of Hudson's Bay to the western declivities of the 211.) leaves villous, as well as petioles, 3-parted; lobes cuneat-
Rocky Mountains, and from the United States to near the shores ed, trifid ; lobules cut, acutely toothed; those of the involucrum
of the Arctic Sea. All the varieties may be found in the last- 2-sessile, 3-parted; lobes lanceolate, acute, serrated, somewhat
mentioned habitats. A. multífida, var. y, sanguìnea. Hook, fl. pinnatifid at apex. 4. F. Native of Nipaul about Chitlong,
bor. amer. p. 6.
along the banks of rivulets. Pedicels 3, one of which is naked.
Hudson's-Bay Wind-flower. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. Pl. į ft. Sepals 5, oval, naked, white, smooth. Carpels smooth, with a
46 An. PENNSYLVA'NICA (Lin. mant. 247.) plant rather pilose, revolute beak.
leaves 3-parted ; segments bipartite or trifid ; lobes lanceolate, Rivulet Wind-flower. Fl. April. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
deeply serrated; those of the involucrum and involucels sessile; 52 A. OBTUSÍLOBA (D. Don. A. nep. p. 194.) leaves 3-lobed,
sepals 5, elliptical, blunt ; carpels villous, compressed, marginate, cordate, and are, as well as petioles, very villous; segments
,
ending in a long style, which is sometimes hooked at the apex. 4. broadly cuneated, and deeply crenate; involucrum 3-leaved,
H. Native in North America in meadows and on the borders of trifid ; lobes linear, oblong, rounded at the apex, toothed ; sepals
,
rivers, from the United States to near the mouth of the Mackenzie 5, obovate; carpels beaked, pilose. 4. F. Native of Nipaul
a

RANUNCULACEÆ. VI. ANEMÒNE.
21
a
at Gosaingsthan. Stem erect, villous. Leaves with very broad Peduncles 5-6, umbellate. Flowers whitish? Like A. Nar-
cuneated, 3-lobed, deeply crenate, very blunt segments. Pedun- cissiflòra.
cles 2-3, one-flowered, villous, naked, or the lateral ones are Many-flowered Wind-flower. Pl. 1 foot.
furnished with 2 membranous bracteas. Flowers cream-colour- 57 AN. SIBírica (Lin. spe. 763.) leaves ternate; segments
ed, about the size of those of A. dichotoma.
deeply-toothed, ciliated ; those of the involucrum on short stalks,
Blunt-lobed Wind-flower. Pl. 1 foot.
ternate; sepals 6, orbicular. 4. H.
4. H. Native of Siberia beyond
53 A. ELONGA'TA (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 194.) leaves 3- the Baikal. Lobes of leaves linear, crowded, obtuse, entire, hairy.
parted, and are, as well as petioles, nakedish; segments wedge- Scapes 1-flowered ; involucrum 3-parted, lobed, with lanceolate
shaped, deeply lobed or toothed, connate at the base ; peduncles segments. Segments, when dry, fulvous. Ovaries smooth. Per-
three, simple or trifid, pilose; sepals 5, oval; carpels beaked, haps related to An. alba.
smooth. 2. F. Native of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan. Flowers Siberian Wind-flower. Fl. June. Clt. 1804. Pl. Z foot.
cream-coloured.
Elongated Wind-flower. Pl. 1 foot.
Anemones not sufficiently known
58 An WALTE'RI (Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 387.) 4. H.
Sect. VI. OMALOCA'RPUS, (oualos, omalos, smooth; kaptos,
(
Native of Carolina. Thalictrum Carolinianum, Walt. car. 157.
carpos, a fruit; because the carpels are smooth) D. C. syst. 1. Root tuberous. Stem 1-flowered, naked Leaves palmate on
p. 212. prod. 1. p. 21. Cariopsides compressed, flat, oval, orbi- long stalks. Sepals 5. Very like An. parviflora.
cular, smooth, tailless. Pedicels numerous, leafless, 1-flowered, Walter's Wind-flower. Pl. 1 foot.
umbelled in the involucrum.
59 AN. PEDA'TA (Raf. Schmaltz. in Desv. jour. bot. 1808. v. 1.
54 An. NARCISSIFLORA (Lin. spe. 763.) radical leaves some- p. 230.) 4. H. Native of New Jersey. Stem short, one-
what villous, palmately 3-5-parted ; lobes deeply toothed; lo- Howered. Leaves pedate, 5-parted; lobes jagged ; sepals 6.
bules, linear, acute; those of the involucrum 3-5-cleft; flowers
Pedate-leaved Wind-flower. Pl. ?
umbellate. 4. H. Native throughout the whole of the northern
hemisphere in calcareous mountain pastures, particularly in the
Doubtful Species.
Pyrenees, Switzerland, Caucasus, Cappadocia, and in the moun- 60 An. FLEMME'MSIS (Scop. ann. hist. nat. tyr. ann. 2 ex fl.
tains of Siberia, island of Unalaschka, on the western coast of aust. 2. p. 41.) 4. Native of the Alps of Tyrol. Perhaps
North America and in Canada. Jacq. aust. t. 159. Sims, bot. a variety of An. alpina.
mag. t. 1170. An. umbellàta, Lam. fl. fr. ed. 11. 3. p. 322, but Flemm Wind-flower. Pl.?
not of Willd. A very variable species. Stems from a hand to 61 AN. DODECAPHY'LLA (Krock. fl. sil. 2. p. 235. t. 20.) 4.
a cubit in height, hairy or smooth. Flowers usually cream-co- H. Native of Silesia. An. decapétala var. B. Gmel. syst. 871.
loured, sometimes purplish on the outside. Umbels generally Twelve-leaved Wind-flower. Pl. 1 foot.
many-flowered, but sometimes few-flowered, very rarely 1- Cult. All the species are shewy flowering plants well worth the
flowered. Pedicels twice or three times longer than the involu- cultivator's care; they thrive best in a light loamy soil. Those
crum, sometimes equal in length, sometimes very short. Sepals
,
species belonging to sections Pulsatilla, Preonánthus, Anemonos-
5 or 6, ovate or oval, blunt or acute. Lobes of leaves acute or pérmos, and Omalocarpus, are either increased by dividing the
blunt, more or less profound.
plants at the root or by seeds: and those belonging to section
Var. B, fasciculata (D. C. syst. 1. p. 213.) flowers umbel- Anemonánthea are either increased by offsets from the roots or
late, almost sessile, fascicled. Native of Cappadocia. Toun. cor. by seeds; those of section Pulsatilloìdes are greenhouse evergreen
p. 20. voy. 2. p. 245. An. fasciculàta, Lin. spe. 763, not of herbaceous plants, and grow best in an equal mixture of sand,
Vahl.
loam, and peat, but care must be taken not to let them have too
Var. y, monántha (D. C. syst. 1. p. 213.) flowers solitary or
much water when in a dormant state. They often produce per-
in pairs. An. dùbia, Bell. app. fl. ped. 232. t. 7.
fect seeds, by which young plants are readily raised: they will
Var. o ? pedicellàris (D. C. syst. 1. p. 213.) pedicels many, also strike root from cuttings, in the same kind of soil, under a
elongated ; radical leaves ternate. Native of Dauria and Siberia. hand-glass.
Var. ε ? frígida (D. C. syst. 1. p. 213.) pedicels few, elon-
gated ; radical leaves smooth, parted into very narrow linear
+ Species belonging to section Pulsatilla, which appear to be
lobes. Native of Siberia.
only varieties of An. pàtens and An. pratensis.
Var. 5, villosíssima (D. C. prod. 1. p. 22.) flowers few, sub- 62 A. INTERMEDIA (Brand. in Schlecht. Linnæa, 3. p. 163,
sessile ; stem very villous. Native of Unalaschka.
under Pulsatilla,) leaves ternate or pinnate; segments rather
Narcissus-flowered Wind-flower. Fl. My. Clt. 1773. Pl. 1 ft. coriaceous, terminal ones on long stalks, profoundly 2-3-cleft;
55 AN. UMBELLA'TA (Willd. spec. pl. 2. p. 1284, not of Lam.) lobes cut-serrated ; sepals elliptical or lanceolate, clothed with
p.
radical leaves 3-5-parted ;- segments trifid, very entire, densely yellowish villi on the outside.
yellowish villi on the outside. 4. H. Native of Saxony on
villous at their margins; those of the involucrum undivided; hills near Dresden. Plant villous. Flowers lilac or violet,
flowers umbellate. 4. H. Native of Cappadocia on moun- rarely blue. Like An. pàtens, and perhaps only a variety of it.
tains. Deless, icon. sel. 1. t. 18; An. fasciculata, Vahl. symb. Intermediate Pasque-flower. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
3. p. 74. not of Lin. Scapes clothed with very long white hairs.
.
63 A. PROPINQUA (Brand. I. c. p. 165.) leaves pinnate, with
Leaves of involucrum 3-parted; lobes entire. Pedicels 2-3, 1- 2 or 3 pair of multifid leaflets and an odd one; lobes narrow,
flowered, longer than the involucrum. Sepals white, 5, oval
.
lanceolate. 4. H. Native of Saxony on hills near Dresden.
lanceolate.
obtuse, villous on the outside.
Sepals 6, elliptical, spreading, pale violet or red, yellowish on
Umbellated-flowered Wind-flower. Fl.? Pl. I foot.
the outside. Plant rather villous. Perhaps only a variety of
56 A. POLYA'NTHES (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 194.) leaves on
fi
An. pratensis.
long stalks, cordate, 3-parted, very villous : segments broadly Related Pasque-flower. Fl. April, May. Pl. 1 foot.
cuneated, 3-lobed, and deeply-toothed ; involucre 3-leaved, 3- 64 An. Affinis (Brand, l. c. p. 166.) leaves pinnate, with 3-4
parted; segments trifid or pinnatifid ; peduncles simple umbel- pair of multifid leaflets and an odd one; lobes linear cut; pe-
late; sepals 5, obovate, and are, as well as the carpels, smooth. duncles drooping ; sepals spreading, somewhat reflexed at the
4. H. Native of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan. Roots grumose. apex, elliptical, obtuse. 4. H. Native of Saxony in woods

22
RANUNCULACEÆ. VII. HEPATICA. VIII. HYDRASTIS. IX. KNOWLTÒNIA.
near Dresden. Flowers blueish or dark violet. Perhaps a (f. 7. a.) Petals wanting. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Fruit
variety of An. pratensis.
baccate, numerous, collected into a head (f. 7.6.) each terminated
Allied Pasque-flower. Fl. April, May. Pl. foot.
by the style, 1-celled, 1-2-seeded. Seeds somewhat egg-shaped,
-
smooth. A small perennial herb with tuberous roots and 3-5-
VII. HEPA'TICA (from imatikos, hepaticos, of or relating parted leaves. Root bitter, rather pungent and tonic, yielding a
to the liver. The three lobes of the leaves have been compared beautiful yellow dye, whence its name yellow-root.
,
.
to the three lobes of the liver.) Dill. giess. p. 108. t. 5. Lin.
Hy. CANADE'NSIS (Lin. spe. 784.) 4. H. Native of North
hort. cliff. 223. D. C. syst. 1. p. 215. prod. 1. p. 22.
America in watery places, in tracts along the Alleghany mountains,
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Involucrum of 3 entire from Canada to Carolina ; along
leaves, in the form of a calyx, close to the flower. Calyx of the river Ohio, and on the western
FIG. 7.
6 to 9 petal-like coloured sepals, disposed into two or three series.
parts of Virginia and Pennsylvania,
Stamens and ovaries numerous. Carpels tailless. Small peren-
in shady woods in fertile soil and
nial early-flowering evergreen herbs, with 3-7-lobed leaves.
among rocks. Pict. hort. par. 37.
Scapes 1-flowered, numerous, rising from the same root.
t. 17. Root with fleshy tubercles, yel-
1 H. TRÍLOBA (Chaix in Vill. dauph. 1. p. 336.) leaves cor-
low on the inside. Stem herbaceous,
date, 3-lobed; lobes quite entire, ovate, acutish; petioles and simple, 1-flowered. Lower leaves i
scapes rather hairy. 4. H. Native of many parts of Europe
or 2, stalked, upper ones almost ses-
in hedges and shady places. Anemone Hepática, Lin.
spe.
758.
sile, all of which are 3-5-parted,
Oed. A. dan. 612. Smith, eng. bot. t. 51. fl. græc. 513.
513. Schk.
with their lobes grossly toothed.
hand. 2. t. 150. Anemòne præ'cox, Sal. prod. 371. Colour of
Flowers white or purplish, terminal,
flowers usually blue; found in gardens, but seldom if ever in the
stalked. Fruit fleshy, red, similar to
fields, with white, brown, flesh-coloured, red, purple, violet, or
those of Rubus. Carpels ovate, acute.
variegated flowers, but never yellow; single or double. Leaves
(fig. 7.)
green, purplish or variegated underneath. All these varieties are
Canadian Yellow-Root. Fl. May,
designated under names in old books, but here we have thought June. Cit. 1759. Pl. 1 foot.
proper to omit them.
Cult. This plant being rather difficult to increase, is rare in
Three-lobed-leaved or common Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April.
our gardens. It requires to be planted in a moist shady situa-
England. Pl. 1 foot.
. 1
tion, because if planted in a situation exposed to the sun it
2 H. America'na (Ker. bot. reg. t. 387.) leaves cordate, rarely lives through the summer. It is increased by dividing
3-lobed; lobes quite entire, roundish, obtuse ; petioles and
the plants at the root in spring, or by seeds.
scapes very pilose. 4. H. Native of North America on the
sides of fertile and rocky hills from Canada to Carolina. H.
IX. KNOWLTO'NIA (named after Thomas Knowlton, once the
triloba 3. D. C. syst. 1. p. 216; H. triloba, Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2.
Curator of the Botanic Garden at Eltham). Sal. prod. 372.
p. 391. Var.
7,
Hook. Flowers red.
D. C. syst. 1. p. 218. prod. 1. p. 23.
American Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1800. Pl. 1 ft.
3 H. ANGULOSA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 217.) leaves palmately 5-15, with a naked claw.
LIN. SYST. Polyandria Polygynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals
.
,
Stamens numerous.
5-lobed ; lobes serrated. 4. H. Native of formerly cultivated
Ovaries nu-
merous, seated on a globose receptacle. Cariopsides numerous,
in the Physic garden, Paris. An. angulòsa, Lam. dict. 1. p.
1-seeded, baccate. Styles deciduous, awnless. Evergreen pe-
169. Flowers purple or blue. Sepals 8-9, elliptical, spreading.
Angular-leaved Hepática. FI. Feb. April
. Cit? Pl. ft.
rennial herbs, emulating the habit of some umbelliferous plants,
4 with biternate or triternate leaves, and umbels of greenish-yellow
4 7. ACUTÍLOBA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 22.) leaves cordate,
flowers.
3-lobed ; lobes quite entire, acute; petioles pilose. 4. H.
1 KN. RÍGIDA (Sal. prod. 372.) leaves biternate; leaflets
Native of North America on the Rocky Mountains and in Canada.
somewhat cordate, coriaceous, smoothish, lateral ones obliquely
Anemòne Hepática. var. acutíloba, Bigl. Hook. Flowers blue.
Perhaps a good species. Dr. Boott has gathered a variety of Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
truncate at the base, umbel supradecompound, spreading. 4. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. 850.-
.
this or H. Americàna with 5-cleft leaves near Boston.
Com. hort. 1. p. 1. t. 1. Adònis Capensis, Lin. spec. 772:
Acute-lobed Hepatica. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 ft.
Adònis coriàcea, Poir. suppl. p. 146. Anamènia coriácea, Vent.
5. H. INTEGRIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 217.) leaves ovate,
malm. 1. p. 22. t. 22.
quite entire: scapes and petioles very villous. 4. F. Native
Rigid Knowltonia. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1780. Pl. 1 foot. .
of South America on the mountain Gualgayoc, at the height of
2 KN. VESICATORIA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 775.) leaves biternate;
1850 fathoms. Anemone integrifolia, H. B. et Kth. nov.
Leaflets somewhat cordate, rigid, smoothish, lateral ones at
gen. et spe. amer. 5. p. 40. Perhaps the involucrum is 1-leaved,
and the leaflets divided to the base into 3 parts. Flower sessile,
base obliquely truncate; umbel rather simple, few-flowered.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.-Pluk. alm. 198.
white. Sepals 8-10, linear, shorter than the involucrum. Ova-
t. 95. f. 2. Adònis vesicatòria. Lin. fil. suppl. 272. Adònis
ries villous.
Capensis, Lam. dict. 1. p. 46, exclusive of the synonym of Barr.
Entire-leaved Hepatica. Pl. . foot.
Anamènia laserpitiifolia, Vent. malm. 1. p. 22. Anamènia vesi-
Cult. Hepáticas are great favourites for the flower-border,
catòria, Dum. cours. bot. cult. 4. p. 438. Adònis laserpitiifòlia,
both as being evergreen in their foliage, and for their abundant
Poir. suppl. 1. p. 147.
.
early blossoms and great variety of colours and shades. A light
Blistering Knowltonia. Fl. Feb. Apr. Cit. 1691. Pl. 1 ft.
loam or peat soil suits them best; and they are easily increased
3 KN. GRACILIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 219.) leaves biternate;
by dividing the plants at the root, in spring.
leaflets ovate, profoundly serrated, rigid, pilose; scapes branched
VIII. HYDRA’STIS (from vdwp, hydor, water ; in reference at the top; branches erect, few-flowered. 4. G. Native of the
to the humid places wherein it grows.) Lin. gen. no. 704. Juss. Cape of Good Hope. Deless, icon, sel. 1. t. 19.
. . . Adònis Æthi-
gen. 232. D.C. syst. 1. p. 217. prod. 1. p. 23. Warneria Mill. opica.
opica. Thun. prod. cap.? Anamènia gracilis, Vent. malm. 1.
fig. 2. t. 285.
p. 22. in obs.; Adònis gracilis, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 147. Adònis
Lin. syst. Polyándria Polygynia. Calyx of 3 ovate sepals. Capensis Thunb.
4.G.
1

RANUNCULACEÆ. X. ADONIS.
23
a
а
Slender Knowltonia. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot. 4 AD. MICRA'NTHA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 222.) calyx smooth, not
4 KN. HIRSUTA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 200.) leaves biternate; loosened at the base ; petals flat, oblong, a little longer than the
leaflets lanceolate, profoundly serrated, hairy; scapes branched calyx ; carpels somewhat reticulated, collected into a somewhat
at the base ; branches decumbent, few-flowered. 4. G. Na- ovate head; stem a little branched. O. H. Native of the
tive of the Cape of Good Hope.Burm. afr. 145. t. 51. Ana- south of France about Toulouse, Avignon, &c. in corn-fields.
mènia hirsùta, Vent. malm. 22. in obs. Adònis hirsùta, Poir. Flowers small, yellow or flame. Ovaries few 7-10. Stem simple at
suppl. 1. p. 147.
the base, at the top usually a little branched. A doubtful species.
Hairy Knowltonia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot. Small-flowered yellow Pheasant's-eye. Fl. Ju. Jul. Pl. 1 foot.
5 KN. DAUCIFÓLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 200.) leaves ternate ; 5 AD. MICROCARPA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 223.) calyx smooth;
leaflets pinnatifid ; lobes linear, acute; umbel compound. 4. G. petals flat, oblong, twice as long as calyx ; carpels reticulated,
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Adònis fília, Lin. fil. disposed in an oblong head; stem almost simple. O. H. Na-
suppl. 271. Adònis daucifòlia, Lam. dict. 1. p. 46. Anamènia tive of Spain about Tudela in corn-fields, and of the island of
daucifolia, Vent. malm. 22. in obs. Root horizontal. Herb Teneriffe. Calyx scarcely loosened at the base. Fruit about
villous at the neck, base of stem and petioles, the rest smooth. one half smaller and more numerous than in any other species.
Scapes naked, nearly two feet high. Peduncles pubescent. Flowers yellow-citron, or somewhat flame-coloured. Perhaps
Carrot-leaved Knowltonia. Fl.? Clt. 1822. Pl. 2 feet. distinct enough from Ad. flàva, by its stem being one half or
Cult. These plants will grow freely in a mixture of loam and more shorter, and more crowded with leaves.
peat, and may either be increased by dividing the plants at the Small-fruited Pheasant's-eye. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl. d. ft.
root, or by seeds, which often ripen in abundance.
6 AD. ANOʻMALA (Wallr. sched. 273.) calyx pilose on the out-
side, acutish ; petals 3, oblong, flat, bluntish, spreading, with the
X. ADO'NIS (The plant which sprang from the blood of Adonis claw of the same colour ; carpels ovate, disposed in 6 rows,
when wounded by a boar; in allusion to the blood-red color of crowned with the withered styles, afterwards becoming loosely
the flowers of most of the annual species.) Dill. giess. nov. and irregularly disposed into an oblong spikes ; stem branched.
gen. 109. t. 4. Lam. illust. t. 498. Gært. fruct. 1. p. 355. t.
t O. H. Native about Halle in fields.
74. Lin. gen. 698.
Anomalous Pheasant's-eye. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
LIN. SYST. Polyándria Polygynia. Calyx of 5 pressed sepals, 7 AD. CÍTRINA (Hoffm. fl. germ. 1. p. 251.) calyx hispid at
but they are sometimes loosened at the base. Petals from 5 to the base ; petals flat, oblong, longer than the calyx; carpels dis-
15, with a naked claw. Stamens numerous, inserted in the base posed into an ovate-oblong head; stem almost simple; flowers
of the gonophor. Cariopsides numerous, 1-seeded, spiked, small
, almost sessile among the leaves. O. H. Native of France,
ovate, pointed with the style. Embryo ovate. Cotyledons dis- Germany, and Teneriffe, in corn-fields. Plant small. Stem
tant. Annual or perennial herbs, with their cauline leaves erect, simple, very rarely branched. Flowers solitary, small, yellow.
pinnate-parted into multifid lobes with innumerable linear lo- Citron-coloured-flowered Pheasant's-eye. Fl. June, July. Clt.
bules. Flowers solitary, on the top of the stem or branches. 1819. Pl. 1 foot.
8 AD. FLA'MMEA (Murr. syst. 514.) calyx hispid at the base ;
Sect. I. ADÒNIA, (applied to this section on account of its petals flat, oblong, acute, longer than the calyx; carpels disposed
containing the original or true species of Adonis.) D. C. syst. into a cylindrical head; stem branched; flowers large, stalked.
1. p. 221; prod. 1. p. 23. Cariopsides acuminated with the O. H. Native of Austria in corn-fields. Jacq. fl. aust. 4. t.
straight style. Petals 5-10. Stamens 18-20. Roots annual. 355.-Besl. hort. eyst. oe'st. ord. 5. t. 11. f. 3. Stem smooth or
The species of this section are probably varieties of one species. pilose. Petioles pilose. Flowers flame-coloured ; sepals oblong,
1 ÂD. AUTUMNA'LIS (Lin. spe. 771.) calyx smooth ; petals acute.
6-8, concave, conniving, scarcely larger than the calyx; carpels
;
Flame-coloured-flowered Pheasant's-eye. Fl. July, August.
somewhat reticulated, crowned by very short styles, collected 'Clt. 1800. Pl. 1 foot.
into an ovate head ; stems branched. O. H. Native through- 9 AD. ÆSTIVA'LIS (Lin. spec. 772.) calyx hispid at the base :
out Europe in corn-fields, and very frequently cultivated in petals, flat, oblong, obtuse, one half longer than the calyx : carpels
gardens : also in Labrador. Smith.
Smith. eng. bot. t. 308. . Curt. A. reticulated, disposed into a loose oblong spike, beaked with the
lond. 2. t. 37. Schkuhr. hand. 2. No. 1489. t. 152. Flower of straight style; stem almost simple. 0. H. Native of England
an intense blood-red, rarely pale, globose from the concave con- in corn-fields; south of France, Italy, &c. Ad. miniàta, Jacq. fl.
niving petals, and from its form and colour is called in France aust. t. 354; Ad. maculata, Wallr. sched. 270. Stem elongated.
Flowers peduncled, small, of a deep crimson colour.
Autumnal Pheasant's-eye. Fl. May, Sept. Britain. Pl. 1 foot. Summer Pheasant's-eye. Fl. June, July. England. Pl. 1 foot.
2 AD. FLA'VA (Vill. cat. strasb. 247.) calyx smooth, loosened 10 AD. DENTATA (Del. fl. ægyp. ill. 17, descr. eg. t. 53. f. 1.)
at the base ; petals flat, oblong, double the length of the calyx; calyx hispid at the base ; petals flat, oval-oblong, a little longer
carpels smoothish, collected into an oblong head; stem almost than the calyx ; carpels toothed at the base, with tubercles,
simple. 0. H. Native of France in corn-fields and vineyards, netted, disposed into an elongated spike. O. H. Native of
and probably throughout Germany. - Weinm. phyt. t. 28. f. a. Egypt in corn-fields and arid places. Stem striato-angular, hard,
and b. exclusive of the synonyms.-Tab. icon. 790. f. 1. Stem branching.
Stem branching. Flowers on short peduncles.
scarcely branched. Flowers yellow, rarely flame-coloured. Pe- Var a, orientalis, (D. C. syst. 1. c.) petals yellow. Native of
tals nearly linear.
Egypt and the island of Cyprus. Ad. dentàta, Del. fl. ægyp.
Yellow Pheasant's-eye. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Pl. 1 foot. ill.
p. 17, descr. ægyp. t. 53. f. 1. Petals oval, yellow, with
3 AD. PARVIFLO'RA (Fisch. in litt. D. Č. prod. 1. p. 24.) calyx a black claw. Fruit echinately toothed at the base, with the back
loosened at the base, smooth ; petals flat, oblong, length of calyx; a little crested, disposed in slender spikes.
carpels few, collected into an ovate head, crowned by straight Var. B, provinciàlis (D. C. syst. 1.c. prod. 1. c.) petals flame-
conical styles ; stem simple. 0. H. Native of Russia on the coloured. Native of Provence between Digne and Colmars.
banks of the Rhymnus, near the salt lake Indirio. Petals pale Petals oblong.
Petals oblong. Fruit a little tuberculately-toothed at the base,
scarlet, when dried whitish.
disposed in a long spike.
Small-flowered Pheasant's-eye. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt.? Pl. 1 foot. Toothed-fruited Pheasant's-eye. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt.? Pl. 1 foot.
-
Goutte de sang
.
-
a

24
RANUNCULACEÆ. X. ADONIS. XI. HAMADRYAS.
7
Sect. II. Consolìgo, (perhaps derived from Consolido to of the Eastern Pyrenees in the valley called Eynes; and near
unite, on account of the plants being perennial) D. C. syst. 1. Ædinburgh, in Hungary. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 21. Stem
p. 224. prod. 1. p. 24. Cariopsides hooked with the recurved beyond a foot high and usually much branched. Radical leaves
styles, collected into an ovate head. Petals 8-15. Stamens 25-30. with trifid stalks not squamiform. Flowers almost sessile. Pe-
Roots perennial, black, acrid, and purgative. Flowers yellow. dicel of fruit much elongated. Petals smaller and more obtuse
11 AD. VERNA'LIS (Lin. spe. 771.) radical or lower leaves than in Ad, verndlis. Fruit also smooth. Like Ad, vernàlis but
abortive, or reduced to somewhat sheathing scales, the middle truly distinct.
and upper ones sessile and multifid, with very entire lobes, carpels Var. B, minor (D.C. prod. 1. p. 25). Native of the south of
velvety ; petals 10-12, oblong, rather denticulated. 4. H. the Apennines in Mount Velino. Ad. Apennina, Schousb. in
Native of France, Siberia, Tauria, Switzerland, and Italy, on litt. not Lin.
hills and in valleys, in sunny places of mountains, flowering in Pyrenean Adonis. Fl. July. Clt. 1817. Pl. 14 foot.
the spring after the melting of the snow. Gært. fruct. 1. Cult. A genus of beautiful plants. Those species belonging
p. 355. t. 74.
Curt. bot. mag. 134. Schkuh. hand. No. 1490. to section Adònia being annual, only require to be sown in open
t. 152. Ad. helléborus, Crant. aust. 2. p. 82. Ad. Apennina, borders ; those belonging to section Consoligo are very handsome
;
Jacq. aust. t. 44. Ad vernàlis a. Lam. dict. 1. p. 45. ill. perennial herbaceous flowering plants, very proper for the front
t. 498. f. 3.
of flower-borders; they may be either increased by dividing the
Var. B, Mentzèlii (D. C. syst. 1. p. 225. prod. 1. p. 25.) Ad. plants at the roots or by seeds.
Apennina, Lin.
spe.
772. Ad vernàlis ß. Lam. dict. 1. p. 45.-
Mentz pug. t. 3. f. 1.
XI. HAMADRY AS (from åpa, hama, together, Opvov, dryon,
Var.
Sibirica (Patrin. D. C. syst. et prod. 1. c.) Native of
a forest ; habitat.) Commers. in Juss. gen. p. 232.
Siberia on the banks of the river Oby about Barnaoul.-Gmel.
sib. p. 200. No. 43. Not differing from the European plant, tion. Calyx of 5 or 6 sepals. (f. 8. a.) Petals 10-12, linear,
LIN. syst. Polyándria Polygynia. Flowers dioecious from abor-
unless that the flowers are a little larger.
long. (f. 8. 6.) Male flowers with numerous short stamens,
Spring Adonis. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1629. Pl. 1 foot.
female ones with numerous ovaries and sessile stigmas. Carpels
12 Ad. VOLGE'NSIS(Stev. ined. D. C. syst. i. p. 545.) radical
.
or lower leaves abortive, or reduced to somewhat sheathing scales, Ranunculus. Leaves radical, palmate, stalked. Scapes 2 or 3-
ovate, 1-seeded. Small downy herbs with the appearance of
middle and upper ones sessile, multifid, with the lobules toothed flowered, hardly longer than the leaves. Flowers yellow, alter-
at their margins ; carpels somewhat velvety; calyx pubescent on
nate, sessile, collected at the top of the scape into a sort of spike.
the outside; petals 10-12, oblong. 4. H. Native of the
1 HAM. MAGELLA'NICA (Lam.
FIG. 8.
Russian empire at the rivers Volga and Rhymnus. Deless. icon.
sel. 1. t. 20. Ad. Apennina ? Pall. nov. act. petrop. vol. 10. dict. 3. p. 67) calyx smooth, upper
3
Ad. chærophylla. Fisch. ined.
Fisch. ined. An intermediate plant between leaves smooth above, 3-parted;
Ad. vernàlis and Pyrenaica, differing from the first in the stems lobes deeply parted. 4. H. Native
being branched, leaves more distant, carpels much less velvety; of the Straits of Magellan in moun-
from the last by the lower leaves being abortive, squamiform, tainous groves. Deless. icon. sel. 1.
and with the carpels when young somewhat velvety ; differing t. 22. Herb erect. Radical leaves
from the whole in the sepals of calyx being pubescent on the 3 or 4, with the base of the petioles
outside, not smooth.
dilated, and smooth, the rest villous.
Volga Adonis. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 foot. Scapes hairy, a little longer than the
13 Ad. IRCUTIA'NA (D. C. prod. i. p. 25.) radical leaves ? mid- leaves.
dle and upper ones sessile, pinnately, many-parted with toothed Magellan Hamadryas. Pl. 1 ft.
7
lobules ; calyx very smooth ; petals obovate. 4. H. Native (f. 8.)
of Siberia about Irkoutsk. A species not sufficiently known. 2 HAM. TOMENTÓSA (D. C. syst.
Irkoutsk Adonis. Pl. 1 foot.
1. 227) calyx tomentose; upper
14 Ad. Sibirica (Patrin. ex Spreng. syst. append. p. 218) leaves cobwebbed, villous, 5 or 7-
plant quite smooth ; segments of leaves short, cut; petals nu- cleft into oblong or subtrifid lobes. 4. H. Native of South
merous obovate, crenulate at the apex, much longer than the America, in Statenland, on the declivities of mountains. Herb
calyx. 4. H. Native of Siberia.
erect, tomentose. Radical leaves 2 or 3, somewhat orbicular,
Siberian Adonis. Fl. April, July. Pl. 1 foot.
upper ones somewhat cordate at the base. Scapes simple, a little
15 Ad. Davu'rica (Rchb. icon. t. 321. Spreng. syst. app. p. longer than the petioles. Flowers 2 or 3, sessile, crowded at the
. 2
218) segments of leaves trifid, linear; petals 12, spatulate, cre- top of the scape. Ovaries disposed into a round head.
nulated at the apex, much longer than the smooth calyx. 4. H. Tomentose Hamadryas. Fl. Feb. March. Pl. I foot.
Native of Dahuria.
Cult. These plants will require to be kept in pots, in a mix-
Dahurian Adonis. Pl. 1 foot.
ture of sand and loam. They should be protected during winter
16 AD. VILLO'SA (Ledeb. in litt. ex Spreng. 1. c.) petals 12, linear- by a frame, and may be either increased by dividing the plants at
oblong, crenulate at the apex, twice the length of pubescent calyx; the roots or by seeds.
stem branched,and is, as well as the leaves, hoary villous; segments
of leaves trifid, linear, pointed. 4. H. Native of Russia on
Tribe III.
Mount Imaus. This plant differs from A. Sibirica of Rchb, in
being villous, as well as in the stem being branched, and the seg-
RANU'NCULEÆ, (plants agreeing with Ranúnculus in
ments of the leaves narrower.
habit and character,) D. C. syst. 1. p. 228; prod. 1. p. 25.
p
Villous Adonis. Pl. 1 foot.
Calyx and corolla imbricate in the bud. (f. 14. a.) Petals fur-
17 Ad. PYRENA'ICA (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 635) radical leaves on nished with a scale on the inside at the base (f. 9. c.) or bilabiate.
a
long stalks, with trifid petioles and many-parted segments, upper Carpels 1-seeded (f. 9. g.) dry, unopening. (f. 9. e.) Seed erect.
ones sessile multifid, with linear very entire lobules ; carpels (f. 9. f.) Leaves radical or alternate. (f. 9.) Flowers of various
smooth; petals 8-10, oblong-cuneated, entire. 4.H. Native colors but never blue. Herbs.
p.
a

RANUNCULACEÆ. XII. Mysurus. XIII, CERATOCEPHALUS. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
25
XII. MYOSU'RUS (uus, mys, a mouse, and ovpa, oura, a tail. ench. 2. p. 102 ; Gært, fruct. 1. p. 353. t. 74. Ranunculi spe.
The seeds are seated upon a long receptacle, which looks exactly Lin.
gen.
No. 699.
like the tail of a mouse). Dill. geiss. p. 106. t. 4. Lin. gen. LIN. Syst. Polyandria, Polygynia. Calyx of 5 deciduous
No. 394. D. C. syst. 1. p. 229. prod. 1. p. 25. Gært. fr. 1. sepals (f. 9. a.) which are not loosened at the base. Petals 5,
p. 354. t. 4. Juss. gen. 233. Lam. ill. t. 221.
rarely 8 (f. 9. b.) 10, furnished with a nectariferous scale on the
Lin. syst. Pentándria Polygynia. Calyx of 5-sepals ; 'sepals inside at the base (f. 9. c.). Stamens numerous. Cariopsides
loosened at the base or drawn out downward beyond their inser- numerous, ovate, somewhat compressed ending in a point or
tion. Petals 5, with a filiform tubular claw. Stamens 5-20. horn, which is scarcely ever longer than the seed, (f. 9. d.)
Cariopsides numerous, triquetrous, very much crowded on a long smooth striated or tubercled (f. 9. e.), disposed into globose or
receptacle, each pointed with the straight style. Small annual cylindrical heads (f. 9. e. d.). Annual or perennial herbs, with
plants with linear entire leaves, and small yellow flowers. Scapes entire, toothed, or multifid leaves (f. 9.), and white, yellow, or
1-flowered.
purple, scentless flowers. The recent herb is acrid, applied to
1 My, MÍNIMUS (Lin, spec. 407.) scape nearly equal in length the skin occasions blisters, but taken inwardly poisonous.
with the leaves, or longer; appendages of calyx somewhat leafy,
0. Η.
Native throughout Europe in exposed muddy situations, SECT. I.-BATRA'CHIUM (Batpaxlov, batrachion, a frog; because
and in fields where it has been inundated in the winter. Fl. dan. the plants grow in water frequented by that reptile for the pur-
t. 406. Curt. fl. lond. t. 151. Smith, eng. bot. Schkuhr, handb. pose of depositing their spawn ;) D. C. syst. 1. p. 232. prod. 1. p.
t. 88. Scapes shorter or longer than the leaves, 3-8, rising 26. Pericarps transversely rugoso-striated. Petals white, marked
from the same root. Sepals and petals equal in number.
with a yellow hollow nectariferous claw. Water plants.
Least Mouse-tail. Fl. April, June. Britain. Pl. 1-2 inches. 1 R. HEDERACEUS (Lin. spe. 781.) stem creeping ; leaves
2 My. SHO'RTII (Raf. in Sill. amer. jour. sc. 1819. vol. 1. No. reniform, usually 3 or 5-lobed ; lobes broad, entire, very blunt ;
4. p. 379.) scapes shorter than the leaves ; appendages of calyx petals oblong, scarcely longer than the calyx; stamens 5-12 ;
membranous. O. H. Native of North America about Hopkin's carpels smooth. 27. H. W. Native throughout Western Eu-
Town, West Kentucky. Perhaps a variety of the first.
rope, in springs, fountains, running waters, and inundated places ;
Short's Mouse-tail. Fl. April, June. Pl. 1 inch.
especially in Iceland, Britain, north and west of France, Spain,
Cult. The species of Myosurus only require to be sown in Portugal, Algiers, and in North America from the United States
the open ground in a moist situation, where they should afterwards to the Arctic sea. Smith, eng. bot. 2003. Curt. fl. lond.
be allowed to sow themselves.
Haynes, pl. euro. 106. R. hederáceus, var. a. Thor. chl.
land. 242. Schlecht, anim, ran. 1. p. 7. R. hederæfòlius, Sal.
XIII. CERATOCEPHALUS (from Kepac, keras, a horn, prod. 372.
and kepaln, kephale, a head, on account of the horn ends of the
Ivy-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. Pl. aq.
seeds in the heads of the capsules) Moench. meth. p. 218. D. C.
2 R. SANICULÆFÒLIUS (Viv. ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 645.)
syst. 1. p. 230. prod. 1. p. 26, but not of Vaill.
stem floating, and rooting; leaves kidney-shaped, bluntly 5-
,
,
Lin. syst. Pentándria Polygynia. Calyx of 5 permanent sepals. lobed, crenated ; petioles naked at the base ; peduncles equal in
Petals unguiculate. Stamens 5-15. Carpels numerous, attach: length to the leaves ; petals 3-times longer than the calyx. 4.H.
W. Native of the north of Africa.
ed to a long receptacle, with a gibbosity, on both sides at the base,
Sanicula-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Aug. Pl. flt.
and drawn out at top into a long flat horn, which is 6-times
longer than the seed. Seeds 4-sided, with an erect embryo; floating, submersed leaves capillaceously-multifid, emersed ones
3 R. TRIPARTÌTUS (D. C. icon. gal. rar. 1. p. 15. t. 49.) stem
Small annual herbs, with 1-flowered scapes, yellow flowers, and
leaves many-parted into linear lobes.
3-parted ; lobes cuneated, toothed at top; carpels smooth. 4.
1 CER. FALCA'TUS (Pers. ench. 1. p. 341.) horns of carpels fal-
H. W. Native of the west of France, Britain, in springs and
cate, somewhat ascending. O. H. Native of Spain, south of
inundated places. An intermediate species between R. hederà-
France, Italy, Hungary, Austria, Argolis, Arcadia, and about
ceus and R. aquátilis.
Damascus, &c. in corn-fields. Ranúnculus falcàtus, Lin. spe. 781.
Var. á, micránthus (D. C. 1. c.), petals oblong acutish, length
.
Jacq. fl. aust. t. 48 ; Ranúnculus testiculàtus. Crantz, aust. 2.
of calyx ; R. tripartitus, D. C. icon. gal. rar. 1. p. 15. t. 49.
p. 97. Ceratocéphala spicàta, Monch. meth. 218. Herb nearly R. hederaceus, var. B, Thor. chl. land. 242.
smooth, but downy in hot exposed situations.
Var. B, obtusiflorus (D. C. 1. c.) petals, obovate obtuse, longer
Falcate-horned Ceratocephalus. Fl. May. Clt. 1739. Pl. 1 to
than the calyx. Water Crowfoot, Pet. engl. herb. t. 39. f. 1.
2 inches.
Three-parted-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. Pl. flt.
2 CER. ORTHÓCERAS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 231.) horns of pericarps leaves capillaceously-multifid, emersed ones 3-parted; lobes
4 R. AQUA'TILIS (Lin. spe. 781.) stems floating ; submersed
straight. 0. H. Native of Tauria and the south of Siberia in
uncultivated fields. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 23. Ranunculus falcà- wedge-shaped, toothed at top; petals obovate, larger than calyx;
Native through-
.
tus, Bieb. fl, cauc. 2. p. 29, exclusive of the synonyme. Differing carpels hispid, with stiff bristles. 4. H. W.
from C. falcàtus, in being a little smaller, and in the pericarps America, in pools and stagnant waters, in plains and low moun-
out Europe, Western Asia, North Africa, and also in North
,
being constantly clothed with white wool, as well as in the horns
of pericarps being straight, not falcate.
tains. Smith. eng. bot. 101 ; Bir. ran. 32. t. 1. f. 18 and 27.
This plant sometimes produces very large flowers, and makes
Straight-horned Ceratocephalus. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 inch.
Cult. They only require to be sown in the open ground. Not
a handsome show in ponds and ditches; the curious variety in
worth cultivating unless in the gardens of the curious.
the floating and immersed leaves adds to the beauty of this com-
mon aquatic plant. Dr. Pulteney (Linn. soc. trans. 5. p. 19.)
contradicts the assertions of its deleterious qualities, and proves
XIV. RANU'NCULUS (from rana, a frog, because most of that it is not merely innoxious, but nutritive to cattle, and capable
the species inhabit humid places frequented by that reptile; Ranun- of being converted to useful purposes in agricultural economy.
cule and Grenouillette, Fr. ; Ranunkel, Germ. ; Ranuncole, Ital.; In the neighbourhood of Kingswood, on the borders of the Avon,
βατραχιον,
Barpaxlov, Gre. ; Crowfoot in English, in allusion to the form of some of the cottagers support their cows, and even horses, almost
the leaves of many of the species,) C. Bauh. pin. 180 ; Pers. wholly by this plant. A man collects a quantity every morning,
a
VOL. I.
E

26
RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
-
and brings it in a boat to the edge of the water, from which the Blistered-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1640. Pl. 1 ft.
cows eat it with great avidity, insomuch that they stint them, and 6 R. CHÆ'ROPHY'LLOS (Lin. spe. 780.) radical leaves stalked,
allow only about twenty-five or thirty pounds to each cow daily. and somewhat villous, trisected ; segments once or twice 3-
One man kept five cows and one horse so much on this plant, parted, acute ; the first or primordial leaves ovate, toothed or
with the little which the heath afforded, that they had not con- 3-lobed; stem erect, 1 or 2-flowered ; calyx spreading, some-
sumed more than one half a ton of hay throughout the whole what reflexed. 4. H. Native throughout the south of Europe,
year, none being used except when the river is frozen over. North Africa, and Archipelago, in hills and fields. The first
Hogs are also fed with this plant, and improve so well on it, -that leaves are oval, the successive ones more and more dissected.
it is not necessary to give them any other sustenance till they are Carpels acuminated, with the styles, densely crowded into ovate,
put up to fatten. This property of Water-crowfoot is the more oblong heads.
remarkable, as all the species have been deemed acrimonious, Var. a, vulgàris (D. C. 1. c.) leaves nearly all trisected, mul-
and some of them are without doubt highly so. It is probable tifid.-Col. ecphr. 1. p. 212. t. 311.-Mor. hist. 2. p. 446. sect.
this and the other water species are rendered inert as a poison 4. t. 30. f. 44.—Barrel. icon. 581. R. chorophyllos, Lin. spe.
by growing in water ; although it must be confessed, that in other 780. R. Illyricus, Poir. dict. 6. p. 121. exclusive of the sy-
instances moisture heightens the deleterious property of veget- . nonyms.
ables, especially in the umbelliferous tribe.
Var. B, gregàrius (D. C. syst. 1. p. 255. prod. l. c.) some of
1
Var. a, heterophy'llus (D. C. l. c.) emersed leaves 3-parted. the leaves trifid, cut, others trisected, multifid. R. gregàrius,
R. heterophyllus, Hoffm. fl. germ. 197 ; R. fluviatilis, Tabern. Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 369. R. Thomasii, Ten. prod. fl. neap. suppl.
54. f. 2 ; R. diversifolius, Schrank. fl. bav. 103. Emersed leaves
2. p. 68.
peltate or often not peltate. Carpels hispid with rigid setæ, Var. Y, flabellatus (D. C. 1. c.) some of the leaves oval, tooth-
or rarely smooth.
ed, others trisected, multifid. R. flabellàtus, Desf. atl. 1. p. 438.
Var. B, capillàceus (D. C. 1. c.) leaves stalked, immersed, dis- t. 114. Smith, fl
. græc. t. 520.
sected into slender filiform segments.-Barrel. icon. 57. t. 566. Chervil-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
R. trichophy'llus, Chaix, in Vill. dauph. 1. p. 337. R. pántothrix, 7 R. AGE'RII (Bertol. opus. sc. 3. 1819. p. 182. t. 6.) leaves
var. a. D. C. syst. 1. p. 135, R. fluviátilis, Wahl. veg. helv. smooth, first ones reniform, 3-lobed, crenated, succulent, 3-
no. 597. Flowers large or small. Carpels hispid, or rarely parted, ultimate ones ternate ; lobes multifid, linear; stem 2-
smooth.
leaved, hairy, usually 1-flowered ; calyx reflexed; carpels ending
Var. y, cæspitòsus (D. C. l. c.) leaves stalked, all emersed in subulate points. 4.H. Native of Buenos Ayres.
ones with a suborbicular black mark, dissected into diverging stiff Ager's Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
segments; petioles with a broad sheathing auricled base. R. 8 R. PALUDÒSUS (Poir. voy. 2. p. 184. dict. 6. p. 108.) leaves
aquátilis, var. B, Schk. hand. 2. no. 1527. t. 152. R. rígidus, pubescent, radical ones ternate ; lobes multifid ; upper leaves
Pers. in Hoffm. fl. germ. 4. p. 257. R. pántothrix ß, D. C. syst.
. .
p
linear entire ; stem erect, dichotomous; calyx adpressed. 4. H.
1. p. 236. R. pumilus Poir. dict. 6. p. 133. R. circinnatus, Sibth. Native of Barbary about Lacalle and elsewhere, in marshes.
in Smith. fl. brit. 2. p. 596. Fine Water-crowfoot, Pet. herb. t. R. chæ'rophyllos var. d, Bir. ren. 42. Corolla of R. àcris.
39. f. 3.
Carpels almost pointless, collected into elliptical heads. Calyx
Var. d, stagnàlis (D. C. 1. c.) leaves sessile, all immersed, villous.
capillaceously-multifid, circinnate: segments short ; sheaths ob- Marsh Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 foot.
soletely auricled, and are, as well as carpels, acutish and 9 R. ADSCE'NDENS (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 63. t. 37.) leaves woolly,
smoothish. R. stagnátilis, Wallr. sched. 285.
radical ones 3-parted : segments cuneated, trifid, deeply toothed;
Var. E, peucedanifólius (D. C. l. c.) leaves stalked, all im- stems ascending, dichotomous ; peduncles furrowed, angular ;
mersed, dissected into long parallel segments. R. fluitans, Oed. calyx reflexed. 4. H. Native of Portugal about Coimbra and
fl. dan. t. 376. R. peucedanifolius, All. ped. no. 1469. R. pán- elsewhere in Beira and Estramadura, at the bottom of hills in
tothrix D. C. syst. 1. p. 236. R. peucedanoides, Desf. atl. 1. p. bushy and shady places. Stature great. Leaves large, usually
.
444. R. fluviatilis, Willd. spec. 2. p.
1333.
spotted at the recesses.
Water-Crowfoot. Fl. April. Aug. Britain. Pl. flt.
Ascending-stemmed Crowfoot. Fl. May, June.
Fl. May, June. Pl. 4 feet.
10 R. MILLEFOLIA'TUS (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 63. t. 37.) leaves de-
Sect. II. RANUNCULA'STRUM, (from Ranunculus and astrum, compound, multifid ; lobes linear, smooth; stem almost leafless,
an affixed signification; like) D. C. prod. 1. p. 27. Carpels erect, villous, 1-flowered ; calyx pressed. 44. H. Native of the
smooth, compressed, disposed in spikes. Roots grumose.
Roots grumose. kingdom of Tunis about Cape Carthage in cultivated places,
Flowers yellow, but variable in R. Asiáticus. Leaves toothed, and on the mountains of the Morea, and Naples. Desf. atl.
or dissected.
1. p. 441. t. 116. Smith fl. græc. 521. Very like R. chæ ro-
5 R. BULLA'TUS (Lin. spe. 774.) eaves all radical, stalked, phyllos, but differing in the tubercles of the roots being shorter
ovate, toothed ; scape naked, 1-flowered. 4. H. Native of and thicker ; leaves always decompound; flower larger, calyx
the region of the Mediterranean, especially in Portugal, Anda- pressed, not reflexed.
lusia, Mogadore, Algiers, Corsica, Sicily, Malta, Crete; in un- Thousand-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Plant 1 foot.
cultivated fields, olive plantations, and cretaceous bills. Flowers 11 R. SCA'BER (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 218.) leaves de-
yellow, sweet scented, 9-12-petalled, single or double, sometimes compound, multifid, scabrous; segments linear-oblong, obtuse ;
,
small, as in R. flammula ; sometimes large, as in R. bulbòsus. calyx pubescent, reflexed ; stem erect, leafy, many-flowered,
Var a, parviflorus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 254. prod. 1. p. 27.) clothed with close-pressed pubescence; roots grumose. 4. H.
flower small; scape pilose; leaves a little blistered. - Clus. Native of Sicily.
hist. 1. p. 238. f. 2.--Tabern. icon. 50. f. 1 and 2.-Ger. hist. Scabrous Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
954. f. 10.-Mor. hist. 2. p. 447. sect. 4. t. 31. f. 51.
12 R. GRACILIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 256.) leaves very smooth,
Var.B, grandiflòrus (D. C. 1. c.) flower large; scape clothed some orbicular 3-lobed, toothed at top, others ternate, with ob-
with pressed hairs; leaves much blistered.--Clus. hist. 1. p. long deeply lobate lobes; stem nearly leafless, erect, clothed with
238. f. 1.-Ger. herb. 855. f. 11.-Mor. hist. 2. p. 447. sect.
-
pressed hairs, 1-flowered ; calyx reflexed, a little pilose. 4. H.
4. t. 31. f. 49, 50.
Native of the Archipelago in the island of Cos. R. nov. spe.
-
-
1

RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
27
Clarke's Travels, 2. p. 723. Sepals oval, reflexed, somewhat lobes somewhat 3-lobed, deeply toothed; stem erect, many-
pilose on the outside. Petals obovate, orbicular, size of those of flowered. 4. H. Native of the island of Bourbon. Stem 2
R. àcris. Flower terminal, erect, yellow,
feet high. Sepals oblong, acute. Carpels ovate, pointed with
Slender Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. Pl. ft. the very short styles, collected into ovate-oblong heads.
13 R. FUMARIÆFÒLIUS (Desf. in icon. pict. hort. paris, 37. Parsley-like Crowfoot. Pl. 2 feet.
t. 74.) leaves quite smooth, pinnate, many-parted ; lobes oblong; 21 R. ILLY'Ricus (Lin. spe. 776.) leaves clothed with silky
scapes numerous, 1-flowered, clothed with pressed villi ; calyx wool, first ones entire linear, the rest 3-parted, with entire or 3-
spreading, smooth. Native?
Native ? Formerly cultivated in gardens. parted linear lobes ; stem erect, many-flowered; calyx some-
R. rutæfolius, Mill. dict. no. 6. but not of Lin. Scapes some- what reflexed. 4. H. Native of Dalmatia in pastures, Austria
times leafless, sometimes furnished with one multifid leaf about on Mount Hamburgh; in shady places in Mount Hæmus ; not
the middle. Sepals ovate, oblong. Flowers always double, rare in Tauria and about Odessa. Jacq. aust. t. 222.-Lob. icon.
yellow, about the size of the double-flowered var. of R. acris. 672. Tab. icon. t. 48. f. 1. R. tomentosus, Moench. meth.
A species allied on one side to R. grácilis and R. millefoliatus, 212. R. gramíneus, Habl. taur. 149 from Bieb. R. seríceus,
on the other to R. Asiáticus.
Willd. enum. 589, not Poir. Like R. Monspeliacus, but differs
Fumitory-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Jul. Clt? Pl. 1 foot. in having the first leaves entire, not trifid. Carpels acuminated,
14 R. MYRIOPHY’LLUS (Russel. gew. alep. in Schrad. journ. collected into ovate-oblong heads.
1799. p. 424.) leaves decompound, multifid, hoary-villous; seg- Illyrian Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1596. Pl. 1} ft.
ments linear; stem branched, beset with close pressed hairs, 22 R. MONSPELIACUS (Lin. spe. 778.) leaves woolly, radical
calyx spreading, villous. 4. H. Native between Aleppo and ones S-lobed ; lobes cuneated, trifidly-toothed; upper leaves
Mossul. The whole herb canescent, with white villi. Petals 3-parted, with entire linear lobes ; stem erect, few-flowered ;
yellow, obovate, a little longer than the calyx. Ovaries collected calyx reflexed ; spikes of carpels ovate. 4. H. Native in the
into an oval-oblong head.
region of the Mediterranean, in sunny pastures or among rocks,
Myriad-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Pl. 1 foot. especially in Arragon, Occitania, Provence, Italy, Algiers, and
15 R. ORIENTA'LIS (Lin. spe. 781.) leaves decompound, mul- Tunis. Similar but differing from R. Illyricus by the radical
tifid, pubescent; stem branched, clothed with close, pressed leaves being 3-parted, toothed; the rest very variable, as may be
villi; calyx reflexed ; carpels with long horns. 4. H. Native seen from the number of varieties.
of the Levant, island of Lesbos. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 32. stem Var. a, angustifolius (D. C. 1. c.), inhabits exposed situa-
from a finger to a hand high. Peduncles short, 1-flowered ; tions ; lobes of leaves narrow, elongated. R. Illyricus, Besl.
petals oblong
eyst. vern. ord. 1. t. 13. f.1. Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 269. Willd.
Var. B, R. O. pulsatillæ folio parvo flore. Tourn. cor. p. 20. enum. 589.
Native of Smyrna. Scarcely differs from the first unless that Var. B, cuneàtus (D. C. 1. c.) inhabits grassy places ; lobes of
the petals are a little narrower.
leaves wedge-shaped, trifidly toothed at the top.--Mor. hist. 2.
Eastern Crowfoot. Pl. { foot.
P. 445. sect. 4. t. 30. f. 43. R. Monspeliacus, D. C. icon. gall.
16 R. LEPTA'LEUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 258.) leaves decompound, rar. t. 50. R. apiifolius. Desf. in pict. hort. par. 37. t. 73.
multifid, smooth ; stem pilose ; calyx spreading ; carpels with not Pers.
long horns. 4. H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Deless. Var. Y, rotundifolius (D. C. 1. c.) inhabits rocks; leaves roundish,
icon. sel. 1. t. 33. Carpels as in the preceding species hooked trifid ; lobes toothed, obtuse.-Mor. hist. 2. p. 446. sect. 4. t. 30.
f. 47. (bad). R. Monspeliacus. Gouan. fl. monsp. 279. Poir.
Slender Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Pl. 2 foot.
dict. 6. p. 111. R. saxatilis, Balb. misc.
6
.
p.
27.
17 R. CICUTA'RIUS (Schlecht. anim. ran. 25. t. 4. f. 2.) leaves Montpelier Crowfoot. Fl. April, May. Pl. 1] foot.
pinnate and pinnate-parted; segments cuneated, cut, or toothed, 23 R. SPICA'TUS (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 438. t. 115.) leaves some-
smooth ; stem somewhat branched, covered with close-pressed what hairy, radical ones stalked, orbicular, 3-lobed, upper ones
villi; calyx spreading, pubescent. 4. H. Native of eastern 3-parted; lobes entire linear ; stem erect, few-flowered ; calyx
Siberia.
reflexed. 4. H. Like the preceding, but with the leaves less
Cicuta-like Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 ft. hairy, and less profoundly cut, rounder and larger. Carpels very
18 R. OXYSPE'RMUS (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1328.) leaves villous, much compressed, hooked at the top, collected into a cylindrical
radical ones stalked, ovate, 3-parted, toothed, floral ones 3-parted; spike. Leaves 3-lobed and toothed in the same specimen.
.
lobes elongated, toothed at the top; stem erect, villous, dichoto- Var. a, vèra; leaves 3-lobed, toothed, stem 1 to 2-flowered.
mous; calyx reflexed; carpels muricated, awned. 4. H. Na- Native about Algiers in marshy places. R. spicàtus. Desf.
tive of Tauria, Caucasus, Iberia, and Syria near Aleppo, in
1. c. Bir, ren. 42.
fields. Petals oblong or obovate. Carpels disposed into an Var. B, Olyssiponénsis (Pers. syn. 2. p. 106.) leaves crenated;
ovate-oblong head, muricated, with the back smooth, ending in stem 1 to 2-flowered. Native about Lisbon. R. Lusitanica
gru-
straight, stiff, awl-shaped points. Perhaps a distinct section. mosa radice, foliis hederæ terrestris, Tour. inst. 286.
Sharp-seeded Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 ft. Var. Y, Carthusianorum ; leaves 3-lobed, crenated ; stem
19 R. PEDA'TUS (Waldst. and Kit. hung. 2. p. 112. t. 108.) 2 to 5-flowered. Native about Carthage. R. asphodeli radice,
leaves smooth, radical ones stalked, 3-parted or pedate ; lobes &c. Tour. herb.
linear, entire or bifid ; stem leaves sessile, parted, upper- Spiked Crowfoot. Pl. 1, foot.
most ones linear; stem erect, few-flowered, calyx adpressed. 24 R. Asia'ticus (Lin. spe. 777.) leaves ternate or biternate;
4. H. Native of Hungary near Buda, Tartary, and in Siberia segments toothed or deeply trifid ; stem erect, simple, or branched
near the river Volga. Lodd. bot. cab. 4. p. 351. Sims, bot. at the base ; calyx spreading, afterwards reflexed ; spikes of car-
mag. t. 2229. Stem pubescent or smooth, or with the base pels cylindrical. 4. H. Native of the Levant. Smith fl. græc.
smooth and the top pubescent, 1-5-flowered. Carpels disposed t. 518. In all the varieties the petals are obovate and longer
into an ovate head.
than the calyx, very blunt, and larger than in the rest of Ranun-
Pedate-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1306. Pl. 1 ft. culi ; carpels smooth, much compressed, hooked with the re-
20 R. PETROSELÌNUS (Biria, ren. 43. t. 2.) leaves smooth, but maining style. The three varieties enumerated are perhaps so
villous at the base of the petioles, ternate; segments 3-parted; many distinct species.
at the apex.
E 2

28
RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
-
a
)
a
Var. a, vulgàris (D. C. 1. c.) stem branched at the bottom; suffered to run to seed, as roots which have produced seeds seldom
leaves ternate; segments trifid, cut, acute. Native of the Levant. furnish fine flowers afterwards.
-Clus. hist. 1. p. 241. f. 2. R. Asiáticus, Mill. icon. t. 216 ; Asiatic Crowfoot, or common garden Ranunculus. Fl. May,
dict. No. 11. A very variable variety and a great ornament to June. Clt. 1596. Pl. foot.
gardens, where its variations are innumerable. Flowers double
.
25 R. JAPO'NICUS (Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 337.) leaves
or single, white, yellow, red, purple, and variegated, in fact of all hairy, radical ones roundish, 3-cleft, with toothed, cut lobes,
colours, blue excepted. This variety is called the Persian Ra- upper ones cleft; stem erect, hairy, branched at the top. 4. H.
nunculus.
Native of Japan near Nagasaki, Jedo, and elsewhere, common in
Var. f, sanguíneus, (D. C. prod. 1. c. syst. 1. p. 262.) stem sim- ditches. R. Asiáticus, Thumb.jap. 241. R. Langsdorfii. Spreng.
ple; leaves ternate; segments toothed, obtuse. Native of the Archi-
syst. 2. p. 652. All
All parts of the plant except the corolla are
pelago, Caria, Cilicia, and Syria.-Clus. hist. 1. p. 242. icon. hairy. Stem flexuous, scarcely leafy, branching into peduncles
R. sanguíneus, Mill. dict. No. 10. Flowers always double, pur-
at the top:
ple, yellow, orange, and variegated with the same colours, ex- Japan Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
cluding all colours verging upon white or blue. This variety is 26 R. Kra'PFIA (D. C. in Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 35.) leaves
called the Turkey Ranunculus.
villous, radical ones on long stalks, ovate, somewhat trifid, toothed,
Var. y, tenuílobus (D. C. 1. c.) stem somewhat branched ; stem ones small, tapering to the base, trifid at the top; stem 1-
leaves multifid, with linear-acute lobes. Native of the island of flowered. 4. H. Native of Chile about Huassa-Huassi. Krápfa
Cyprus. R. Creticus albo flore. J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 862. f. 2.
. . ranunculìna. D. C. syst. 1. p.
228. Petals 5, from the dried
(ex herb. Vaill). Flowers white, yellow, rarely purple.
specimen apparently purple, obovate, retuse nearly as in Trollius
According to Maddock a fine Ranunculus should have a strong Europæus, and about the same size, equalling the calyx in length.
straight stem from 8 to 12 inches high. The flower should be of Krápf's Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
an hemispherical form, at least two inches in diameter, consisting 27 R. GUZM'ANNI (Humb. tabl. reg. equ. 69. nov. gen. 5.
of numerous petals gradually diminishing in size to the centre, p. 43.) upper surface of leaves and petioles villous, radical leaves
lying over each other, so as neither to be too close, nor too much rather orbicular, trifid; lobes grossly toothed at the top; upper
separated, but having more of a perpendicular than a horizontal leaves trifid with oblong entire lobes ; stem erect, pilose, few-
direction, in order to display the colours with better effect. The flowered ; calyx pressed, very villous. 4. H. Native of the
petals, with entire well-rounded edges, their colours dark, clear, rocky tops of the Andes near to the Equator. Deless. icon. sel. 1.
.
rich, or brilliant, either of one colour or variously diversified on t. 34. Petals obovate, rather orbicular, scarcely longer than
an ash, white, sulphur, or fire-coloured ground, or else regularly
the calyx.
striped, spotted, or mottled in an elegant manner. The varieties Guzmann's Crowfoot. Pl. foot.
raised from seed are endless. Maddock, in the end of the last 28 R. MACROPE'TALUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 29.) petioles fur-
century, had nearly eight hundred, all with proper names, and nished with a broad membrane ; radical leaves orbicular, crenated,
ranged as purple, grey, crimson, red, rosy, orange, yellow, white, smooth, or pilose, cauline ones ovate-lanceolate, sessile; stem
olive, coffee, striped, spotted, &c. No plant is more prolific in smooth, few-flowered; calyx pressed, much smaller than the
new varieties from seed; no two planits, as Maddock observes, petals. 4. H. Native of Peru on mountains. R. cochleari-
producing flowers alike, or the same as the original. Established folius, R. et P. in herb. Lamb. not Horn.
Leaves large.
sorts are propagated by offsets which usually flower the first year; Flowers resembling a Tróllius
but rather larger.
rare sorts may be multiplied by dividing the crown of the tuber Long-petalled Crowfoot. Pl. 11 foot.
with a sharp penknife into as many parts as there are buds: these 29 R. Cre’ticus (Lin. spe. 775.) leaves and stems hairy, ra-
will not flower till the second year, but will diminish the risk of dical ones stalked, cordate-orbicular, somewhat cut, toothed,
losing a very rare variety.
stem ones sessile, 3-parted ; lobes oblong obtuse, somewhat
The Ranunculus prefers a fresh loamy soil, rather than other- toothed at the top; stem branched, many-flowered; calyx pressed.
wise inclined to clay: it should be well manured, and it is custom- 4. H. Native of the islands in the Archipelago, especially in
ary in forming the beds to place a stratum of well-rotted cow- Crete, Scio, &c. Aubr. in pict. hort. par. 37. t. 97.-Clus. hist.
dung, six or nine inches below the surface, which both retains 1.236. f. 1. Flowers large golden Carpels smooth, much com-
moisture and supplies nourishment. The roots may either be pressed, acuminated with the permanent styles, crowded into
planted in November or earlier, in which case, to prevent their being elliptical-cylindrical heads.
destroyed by the frost, they should be mulched, or they need not Var. B, macrophyllus (Desf. atl. 1. p. 437.) leaves less villous,
be planted till March. The former mode gives much the strongest larger, profoundly lobed, with the teeth a little rounder. Native
bloom, as the roots when kept in air all the winter are apt to be of Barbary, near Sbiba, on the borders of rivulets.
over dried, and kept in sand they sometimes get mouldy, and in Cretan Crowfoot. FI. April, May. Clt. 1658. Pl. 1 foot.
this and similar cases the progress of vegetation from the plant- 30 R. CORTUSÆFÒLIUS (Willd. enum. 588.) leaves and stem
ing to the flowering period is more rapid than is natural to the somewhat pilose ; radical leaves somewhat cordate-reniform, a
plant. Ranunculus roots will retain their vegetative properties little lobed, broadly crenated, stem ones almost sessile, 3-5-parted,
two and sometimes three years, a thing not uncommon among bulbs floral ones lanceolate; stem branched, corymbose; calyx spread-
and tubers. In order to obtain good new varieties of this plant, ing much. 4. H. Native of the Canary Islands on rocks, as
seeds should be saved from the best plants of the semi-double well as of Sicily. Deless. icon, sel. 1. t. 36.—Pict. hort. par.
, .
kinds, and be sown in flat pans or boxes filled with light rich 37. t. 96, exclusive of the synonyms. R. heucheræfòlius, Presl.
earth in August, covering them a quarter of an inch thick with Flowers yellow, smaller than in R. Créticus, but larger than in
the same sort of earth, placing them in a frame when frost is R. lanuginosus. Fruit as in R. Créticus.
apprehended. In the following season, when their leaves begin Var. a, radical leaves orbicular and cordate at the base, ex-
to decay, the roots may be taken up and dried in the same manner actly like those of Cortùsa Mathìola, stem ones with toothed
as the old roots, and planted with them in October, and in the fol- lobes.
lowing summer they will produce flowers, when such as are good Var. B, Teneriffæ (Pers. ench. 2. p. 103.) radical leaves reni-
should be marked. The plants intended to flower should not be form, somewhat truncate at the base, scarcely cordate, cauline
-
-
a
,

RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
29
7
e
$
ones cleft into entire lobes. Native of Teneriffe. R. Créticus, Biternate-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. July. Pl. 1 foot.
Var. b, Bir. ren. 45.
37 R. RUTÆFÒLIUS (Lin. spec.
FIG. 9.
Cortusa-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 ft. 777.) leaves pinnate, with 3-lobed
31 R. BREVICAU’LIS (Hook fl. bor. amer. 13. t. 7. A.) pubescent; multifid lobes ; stem generally l-
radical leaves all cordate-ovate, entire, cauline ones crenate, flowered ; calyx glabrous; petals
palmately-multifid ; stem erect, many-flowered, much shorter 8-10 with a two-coloured claw.
than the leaves; fruit globose; petals 6. 4. H. Native of 4. H. Native of the higher Alps
North America on the shores of Lake Huron. Root
grumose. of Europe among rocks near the
Mode of growth and general aspect like R. parnassifòlius. limits of perpetual snow. Wulf.
Flowers yellow.
in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 186. t. 6,7. All.
Short-stemmed Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
pedem. no. 1451. t. 67. f. 1. Stem
very rarely bearing 2 or 3 flowers.
Sect. III. THÒRA (p.Gopa, phthora, venom or corruption ; be- Petals oblong with an orange claw,
cause the Swiss hunters of wild boars use the roots of R. Thora
(f. 9.)
a
to envenom their darts) D. C. prod. 1. p. 30. Carpels smooth,
.
Rue-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May,
almost globose. Roots grumose. Flowers yellow.
Jul. Clt. 1759. Pl.1 to ft.
32 R. THòra (Lin. spe. 775.) leaves quite smooth, radical
38 R. ISOPYROIDES (D. C. syst.
ones stalked, stem ones sessile, kidney-shaped, crenated, floral
1. p. 238.) radical leaf pinnate
ones cut; stem 2-3-flowered, smooth. 4. H. Native of the
with stalked twice trifid segments, cauline ones ternate; calyx
Alps of Switzerland, Austria, Greece, Apennines, Carpathian
smooth ; petals 5, oval. 4. H. Native of Siberia near the Lake
mountains, on rocks and in pastures near to the limits of perpetual Baikal. R. fumariæfólius Fisch. in litt. Very like R. rutæfòlius.
snow. Jacq. fl. aust. 5. t. 442; obs. 1. p. 25. t. 13.
Petals sometimes beyond 5, twice as long as calyx. Peduncles 2
The root of this plant is reported to be extremely acrid and
or 3, rising from the axillæ of the upper leaves or terminal.
,
poisonous ; its juice having been used formerly by the Swiss
Ovaries 8-10, smooth.
hunters of wild beasts, to envenom their darts, whose wound, by
Isopyrum-like Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1818. Pl. 7 to 1 ft.
that means, becomes speedily fatal and incurable. Hence the
39 R. GLACIA'LIS (Lin. spec. 777.) radical leaves stalked, pal-
name from popa, phthora, corruption or venom.
mately 3-parted or ternate, with trifid lobes and bluntish lobules ;
Venor Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1710. Pl. į to 1 ft.
stem generally 1-flowered ; calyx very hairy; carpels compressed,
33 R. SCUTA'TUS (Walds. and Kit. pl. hung. 2. p. 205. t. 187) marginate. 4. H. Native of the higher Alps of Europe from
leaves very smooth, without radical ones, stem ones sessile, kid-
Austria to Provence, Pyrenees, Hungary, Lapland, Iceland, &c.
ney-shaped, crenate, floral ones cut; stem 3-4-flowered, rather
among rocks near the limits of perpetual snow.
Wulf, in Jacq.
pilose at the base. 4. H. Native of Hungary in mountain
coll. 1. p. 189. t. 8, 9. f. 1, 2. Scape 1-3-flowered. Leaves
woods. R. Thora. Towns itin. hung. p. 354 and 490. R. Thòra,
usually smooth, but the upper ones are sometimes villous. Petals
var. scutàtus, Wahl. carp. no. 551. Very like R. Thòra, but somewhat orbicular, bluntly emarginate, length of calyx white or
differing in being without radical leaves, but with the lower ones
reddish, suffused with purple. Flowers seldom double,
clasping the stem. Sepals very blunt. Flowers and ovaries
Var. ß? aconitoìdes (D. C. prod. 1. p. 30.) segments of leaves
more numerous as well as larger than those of R. Thòra.
cuneated, acutely cut at the apex. A. hybrid, between R. gla-
Shield-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. Pl. ft. ciàlis and R. aconitifolius.
34 R. BREVIFÒLIUS (Ten. fl. neap. prod. suppl. 2. p. 68.) leaves Icy Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1775. Pl. to foot.
very smooth, radical ones coriaceous, stalked, and 3-lobed, with 40 R. CHAMISSÒNIS (Schlecht. anim. ran. 1. p. 12. t. 1.) radical
the intermediate lobe 3-parted, stem-leaves sessile, wedge-shaped, leaves stalked, s-parted; partitions cuneated, 3-lobed; lobes
3-parted ; stem l-flowered, incurved. 4. H. Native of the
entire, bluntish; calyx very hairy; carpels oval, bladdery, acu-
kingdom of Naples, on the rocks of Mugella. Like R. Thòra.
minated, curved at the base. 4. H. Native at the bottom of
Petioles flexuous, with a single small leaf on each stem.
Icy Mountains in the Bay of St. Laurence. Stem 1-flowered.
Short-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1824. PI. 1 foot. Chamisso's Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
35 R. HY'BRIDUS (Bir. ren. 30.) leaves very smooth, radical 41 Seguie'ri (Vill. dauph. 4. p. 735. t. 49.) leaves 3-parted,
ones on long footstalks, kidney-shaped, crenately-lobed, stem with acute or bluntish entire trifid partitions ; stem generally
ones two, on short stalks, lobed at the apex; stem 1-3-flowered.
1-flowered; calyx smooth; petals 5, entire. 2. H. Native of
4. H. Native of the Alps of Austria. R. Thòra Sturn. deutsch.
the Alps of Provence, Dauphiny, Piedmont, Carniolia, in the
A. with a figure. Jacq. obs. 1. t. 13. Like R. Thòra in habit, fissures of rocks near the limits of perpetual snow.
R. Colum-
but with roots like R. aurícomus.
næ, All. pedem. 1453. t. 67. f. 3, 4. Like R. glacialis and
Hybrid Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
alpestris. Floral leaves small, sessile, entire, or trifid. Stem
,
from 1-3-flowered, villous under the flower. Calyx sometimes
Sect. IV. HECATÒNIA, (from ékatov, hekaton, a hundred; a hairy. Petals orbicular, entire, longer than the calyx.
name used by Loureiro to denoté a number of germs) D. C. prod.
Seguier's Crowfoot. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. į foot.
1. p. 30. Carpels smooth, roundish-ovate, disposed in a roundish
42 R. ALPE'STRIS (Lin. spec. 778.) leaves orbicular, cordate,
head. Roots fibrous.
3-lobed, with the lobes deeply crenate at the apex, blunt; stem
§ 1. Flowers white. Leaves dissected.
usually 1-flowered ; calyx smooth ; petals 5, obcordate or 3-
lobed. 4. H. Native of the Carpathian mountains, Pyrenees,
36 R. BITERNA'Tus (Smith, in Rees's cyclop. no. 48.) stem and Alps of Jura, &c. on rocks and in the higher pastures. In
creeping; leaves 3-parted, with the partitions 3-lobed, lobes Scotland in moist places, about two or three rocks on the Clova
oblong, acute, entire or somewhat toothed; petals oblong, equal
oblong, equal mountains in Angushire. The leaves are sometimes hardly trifid,
in length with the calyx. 4. H. Native of the Straits of Ma- sometimes trifid, sometimes 3-parted. Flowers varying in size,
gellan in water. A very small, slender, many-stemmed plant. either single or double. Petals obcordate or 3-lobed. Smith,
Leaves on long stalks. Flowers smaller than those of R. aquá- eng. bot. 2390. Jacq. aust. t. 110.
tilis. Petals blunt, with a yellow claw.
Haller says this is one of the most acrid of its tribe, blistering
a
a

30
RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
4. H.
R. am-
a
the skin; and yet Alpine hunters chew it by way of refreshment, many-flowered; calyx pressed. 4. H. Native of the Alps of
as removing fatigue and preventing giddiness.
Valais, Dauphiny, Piedmont in fertile pastures but very rare.
Var. ß, Magellénsis (Ten. cat. hort. app. 1. p. 53.) differs R. Pyrenæ'us. var. Vill. dauph. 4. p. 733. R. Vallesiàcus
from var. a, in the lobes of the leaves being crenate, not 3-parted. Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 325. R. laciniàtus. Guid. herb. valais. p. 177.
.
Var. 7, Traunfelnèri (Hopp. Jahrg. 1819. 731. ex icon. This plant is considered a hybrid, between R. aconitifolius and R.
Schlecht. anim. ran. 2. p. 6.)
Pyrenæus, because the carpels in cultivated plants have always
Alp Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Aug. Scotland. Pl. Ito į foot. been observed to be empty.
43 R. CRENA'TUS (Waldst. & Kit. pl. hung. p. 119. t. 10.) Var. B, pallidus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 31.) flowers pale yellow, not
leaves cordate, roundish, crenate at apex ; stem 1-flowered ; white, R. frigidus, Schrank. hort. monac. t. 57. but not of Willd.
calyx smooth; petals 5, obcordate, crenate at apex.
This is a Hybrid between R. graminifolius and R. aconitifolius
Native in moist places on the mountains of Hungary, near the according to Stoffels.
limits of perpetual snow. Like R. alpestris, but with the scape Torn-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1821. Pl.z to 1 ft.
always l-flowered, and the petals are furnished with a melliferous
pore at their base, not with a scale.
§ 2. Flowers white. Leaves undivided.
$
Crenate-petalled Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. Į ft. 48 R. PYRENÆ'us (Lin. Mant. 248.) leaves linear or lanceo-
44 R. ACONITIFÒLIUS (Lin. mant. 79.) leaves palmate, 3-5- late, quite entire ; scapes and peduncles downy at the top. 4.H.
parted, with the partitions deeply toothed; upper leaves sessile, Native of the highest Alps of Europe, particularly in the Py-
cleft into linear-lanceolate lobes; stem branched, many-flowered ; renees near the limits of perpetual snow, common. Deless. icon.
bracteas lanceolate serrated ; calyx pressed, smooth. 4. H. sel. 1. t. 27.-Mor. hist. 2. p. 445. sect. 4. t. 30. f. 4.?
Native of middle Europe, in moist pastures on the higher moun- plexicaúlis, var. y, Gouan ill. 34.
tains, particularly in Holland, Germany, Hungary, and north of Var.ß, bupleurifolius (D. C. syst. 1. p. 243.) stem 1-flowered;
Italy, &c. This plant varies much in size, according to the places leaves lanceolate. 4. H. Native of the Pyrenees in moist places
of its natural growth ; on the tops of the highest mountains it in the valleys of the lower hills. R. Pyrenæ'us, Jacq. misc. 1.
does not attain the height of three inches, but in the lower valleys p, 154. t. 18. f. 1. R. bupleurifolius, Lapeyr. abr. 314. R.
it attains the height of two feet. In shady places it becomes lanceolàtus. Guid. herb. valais. p.
177.
smooth, but in dry situations it is downy. Flowers sometimes Var. Y, plantagineus (All. pedem. no. 1445. t. 76. f. 1. but not
few sometimes numerous, with oblong cuneated or orbicular of Pers.) stem many-flowered ; leaves lanceolate. 4. H. Native
petals, with a linear scale at the base of each.
of Piedmont.
Var. a, hùmilis (D. C. syst. 1. p. 240.) radical leaves 3-5- Pyrenean Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1807. Pl. Z to 1 ft.
parted; stem slender, glabrous. 4. H. R. aconitifolius, Lin. 49 R. ANGUSTIFOʻLIUS (D. C. rapp. voy. 1. p. 74. syst. 1. p.
.
mant. 79.-Mor. hist. 3. p. 462. sect. 12. t. 2. f. 3. 5.
243.) leaves linear, or rather lanceolate, glaucous, not stem-
Var. B, crassicaúlis (D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves 3-parted ; stem clasping; scapes and peduncles smooth. 24. H. Native of the
thickish, clothed with pressed hairs at the top. 4. H. Native Eastern Pyrenees about Mount Louis. Deless. icon, sel. 1. t.
of the Pyrenees in moist places by the sides of rivulets. R. 27. R. amplexicaulis, ß. D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 889. R.
heterophyllus, Lapeyr. abr. 316. but not of Smith. This variety Pyrenæ'us, a, Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 313. exclusive of the synonyms.
may prove a distinct species.
An intermediate plant between R. amplexicaulis and R. Pyre-
Aconite-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1596. Pl. I to 2 ft. næus, differing from the first in the peduncles being smooth, not
45 R. PLATANIFÒLIUS (Lin. mant. 79. Fl. dan. t. 111.) plant downy, with smaller flowers; from the last in the leaves not
tall ; radical leaves with 5-7 acuminated toothed lobes ; upper clasping the stem, narrower. Scape 1-2 or 3-flowered.
leaves sessile, cleft into linear-lanceolate lobes; stem branched, Narrow-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822. Pl.
many-flowered ; calyx pressed, smooth ; bracteas linear entire. to foot.
4. H. Native of many parts of Europe on low mountains in bushy 50 R. AMPLEXICAU'LIS (Lin. spec. 774.) leaves oval-lanceo-
places. R. aconitifolius var. d, platanifolius, D. C. syst. 1. p.
241. late, acuminated, clasping the stem; scapes and peduncles
There is a variety of this with double flowers, which is very smooth. 4. H. Native of the Alps of Europe, Provence,
common in our gardens under the name of Double white Batche- Apennines, Pyrenees, Iceland, and on the mountains of Leon in
lors' Buttons and Fair Maids of France. R. aconitifolius, ß, flòre Spain, in high moist rocky situations. Curt. bot. mag. t. 226.
plèno. Curt. bot. mag. t. 204.
Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 27. f. c. R. plantaginifolius, Sal. prod.
Var. ß, dealbàtus, radical leaves with 7 toothed lobes, whitish 372. Leaves smooth, or with a few deciduous hairs on the
on the under surface; cauline leaves 3-lobed. 24. H. Native edges, glaucous. Stem 3-6-flowered. Flowers snowy white, but
of the Pyrenees in the crevices of calcareous rocks. R. deal- when growing near the limits of perpetual snow they are said to
bàtus Lapeyr. abr. p. 315. R. platanifolius, var. ε, D. C. syst. 1.
€,
be purplish, seldom double.
Stem-clasping-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1633.
Var. y, intermedius, plant tall ; radical leaves 3-parted. 4.H. Pl. 1 to foot.
Native of the woods of Cevennes. A. platanifolius, var. 7, inter- 51 R. PARNASSIFO'LIUS (Lin. spec. 774.) radical leaves stalk-
mèdius, D. C. syst. 1. p. 240.
ed, rather heart-shaped, ovate-roundish, cauline ones sessile,
Platanus-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1596. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. ovate-lanceolate ; peduncles hairy. 4.H. Native of the Alps
46 R. TERNA'TUS (Thunb. fl. jap. 241.) leaves all ternate with and the Pyrenees, in the fissures of rocks contiguous to perpe-
ovate, trifid, toothed, segments; stem rather hairy, many-flowered; tual snow.
Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 191. t. 9. f. 3. Roem.
calyx reflexed. 4.H. Native of Japan in the island of Nipon. fl. europ. fasc. 5. icon. Hoh and Rein. itin. p. 190. Curt.
Deless. iconsel. 1. t. 25. Very like R. aconitifolius, var. B. bot. mag. 386. R. cordàtus, Guid. herb. valais. 177. Leaves
leaves all stalked of a deep green, with the upper surface pu- somewhat coriaceous, with the foot-stalks much dilated at their
bescent as well as the nerves on the under surface. Flowers base. Stem 1-6-flowered. Flowers snowy-white, sometimes
small, on short pedicels.
purplish about the size of those of R. amplexicaúlis.
Ternate-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Pl. 1 foot.
Var. B, parviflorus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 244.) leaves acutish;
47 R. LA CERUS (Bell. in act. turin. 5. p. 233. t. 8.) leaves flowers smaller. 4. H. Native of the Alps of Valais. Schleicher.
wedge-shaped, irregularly and acutely cut; stem smooth, branched, Flowers always white.
ܪ
p. 241.
3

RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
31
-
Var. y,
Parnassia-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1769. Pl. a to z ft. Dr. Withering recommends the distilled water as an instan-
taneous emetic in cases of poison. He does not mention the
§ 3. Flowers yellow. Leaves undivided.
dose. Lightfoot says the bruised leaves of this plant are used in
many parts of the Highlands of Scotland, particularly in the isle
52 R. GRAMÍNEUS (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 549. ed. 2. p. 773.) of Skye and other places upon the coast, for the purpose of rais-
.
leaves lanceolate, linear, quite entire ; stem erect, quite smooth, ing blisters. It is applied in one or more limpet shells to the
with fibres at the neck; scales of petals tubular; root fascicled. part where the blisters are to be raised.
4. H. Native of France, Valais, Spain, and Portugal, in argil- Var. B, serràtus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 247.) leaves all serrated.
laceous fields and meadows; in Britain, in dry alpine pastures of 4.H. Not so common as the first.—Mor. hist. 2. p. 442. sect.
Wales. Curt. bot. mag. t. 164. Boiss. fl. eur. t. 380. Smith, 4. t. 29. f. 35.
engl. bot. t. 2306.-Bull. herb. t. 123. Plant somewhat glau- Var.
y
ovdtus (D. C. 1. c.) leaves all ovate and stalked. 2.H.
cous, and smooth.
Scape 1-3-flowered. R. amplexicaúlis
, Very rare. R. ovatus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 102.
Gouan. hort. monsp. 265, exclusive of the synonyms of Lin- Var. d, arendrius (D. C. 1. c.) radical leaves ovate-lanceolate,
næus. R. graminifolius, Sal. prod. 372.
.
stiff, cauline ones linear. 4. H. Native in sandy wet places
Var. a, lineāris (D. C. syst. 1. p. 245.) leaves linear.–Tab. about Bayonne. R. flammuloides of Rafin, is hardly distinct
icon. 51. f. 1.-Mor. hist. 2. p. 244. sect. 4. t. 30. f. 38. from this variety. R. lanceolatus, Pall. herb.
Var. B, phoenicifolius (D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate.-Moris. Var. €, intermèdius (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 11.) stem creep-
hist. 2. p. 445. sect. 4. t. 30. f. 39.
ing, slender ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, upper ones linear, quite
hortensis (D. C. l. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers
;
entire. 4. H. Native of the gravelly banks of rivers from
double. Mor. hist. 2. p. 445. Perhaps this is nothing more
Canada to Lat. 69. and Newfoundland.
than the double flowering variety of R. lingua.
Flame Crowfoot or Lesser Spear-wort. Fl. June, Sep. Britain.
Grassy-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ap. June. Wales. Pl. į to 1 foot. Pl. I to 1 foot.
53 R. LONGICAU’LIS (Ledeb. in litt. ex. Spreng.) leaves all ner- 57 R. RE'PTANS (Lin. spec. 773.) leaves linear, entire, smooth;
vous, obtuse, quite entire, and smooth, radical ones oblong-lan- stem creeping, and rooting at every joint; carpels smooth. 4.
ceolate on long stalks, stem ones linear, half-stem-clasping ; stem H. Native of Switzerland, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Nor-
tall, simple, rather pilose towards the top, few-flowered ; sepals way, Russia near Petersburgh on the banks of the river Neva,
adpressed, rather hairy, about equal in length to the corolla. Siberia, and China near Pekin ; in sandy wet places on the bor-
4. H. Native of Russia on mount Imaus. This species dif- ders of lakes and rivers; in Britain, on the margins of alpine
fers from R. gramíneus, in the stem being almost simple, as well lakes. Lin. fl. lapp. 236. t. 3. f. 5. Fl. dan. t. 108. Light. fl.
as in the radical leaves being broader and stalked, and in the scot. f. in title. R. flammula, var. d, Smith, engl. fl. 3. p. 45.
petals being equal in length to the corolla, not longer.
This plant is supposed to be a variety of R. flámmula, merely
Long-stemmed Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
arising from the nature of the places where it grows wild, never-
54 R. BUPLEUROÌDES (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 365.) radical leaves theless it differs in the stems being filiform and rooting at every
ovate-lanceolate, stalked, 3-5-nerved, quite entire ; stem erect, joint, as well as in the linear leaves, and much smaller flowers.
woolly at the bottom ; scales of petals tubular ; root fascicled. Var. B, filiformis (Mx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 320.) leaves linear
2. H. Native of Portugal on hills in Beira. R. plantagineus, awl-shaped, obtuse; stems rooting at every joint. 2. H. Na-
Pers. ench. 1. p. 102. but not of All. R. gramíneus, var. B, Bir. tive of North America, in inundated places along the gravelly
ren. 36. Like R. gramíneus, but differing in the stems being banks of the rivers, from Canada to Lat. 69, Hudson's Bay and
woolly at the base, and in the leaves being ovate-lanceolate, not Labrador. Pursh. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 392. ? R. flammula, y, fili-
,
linear-lanceolate.
fórmis, Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 11.
Bupleurum-like. Fl. May. June. Pl. į to 1 foot.
Creeping Crowfoot or Spear-wort. Fl. Ju. Sep. Brit. Pl.zft.
55 R. LI'NGUA (Lin. spec. 772.) leaves lanceolate, serrated, 58 Ř. NA'TANS (N. E. herb. Lamb.) plant floating ; leaves on
sessile, half-stem-clasping; stem erect, smooth; root creeping. long stalks, which sheath the stem at their base, lanceolate, en-
2. H. Native throughout the whole of Europe, Siberia, and tire, or a little toothed, sometimes bifid ; petals blunt, longer
North America, from Pennsylvania to Virginia, in marshes, foun- than the stamens and sepals. 2. W. H. Native of Mexico.
tains, and bogs. Smith, engl. bot. t. 100. R. palustris.-Weinm. Flowers axillary and terminal, small, yellow. Allied to R.
phyt. t. 846. f. c. R. longifolius, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 189. Great flámmula.
Spear-wort. Pet. engl. herb. t. 39. f. 5. Like R. flámmula, but Floating Crowfoot. Pl. flt.
larger in all its parts, and more rigid. Leaves entire, or tooth- 59 R. Pusillus (Poir. dict. 6. p. 99.) leaves all on long
ed. Flowers sometimes double.
stalks, with the lower ones ovate, a little toothed, and with the
Var. B, grácilis (Schlecht. anim. ran. p. 17.) stem slender ; upper ones linear-lanceolate ; stems many, erect; pedicels oppo-
leaves linear-lanceolate; flowers small.
site the leaves; petals length of calyx. 2. H. Native of
Var.
7
laciniàtus (Schlecht. anim. ran. p. 17.) leaves jagged. Carolina on the margins of fountains, and in low watery places
Tongue-leaved Crowfoot, or Great Spear-wort. Fl. May, Aug. on heaths. R. flammula, Walt. fl. carol. 158. R. humilis, Pers.
Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
ench. 2. p. 102. Like R. flámmula, but differing in the roots
56 R. FLA’MMULA (Lin. spec. 772.) leaves smooth, linear- being fibrous, and in the foot-stalk being 6-times longer than the
lanceolate, or somewhat ovate, almost entire, lower ones stalked ; leaf, as well as in the flowers being 3-times smaller ; carpels
stem declinate, solid, throwing out roots at the joints ; peduncles ovate, compressed, granular.
opposite the leaves ; carpels smooth.
Native through- Small Crowfoot. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. I foot.
out the whole of Europe, North Asia, North Africa, and North 60 R. POLYPHY'LLUS (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1331.) leaves very
America, in wet and boggy places. Smith, eng. bot. 117. Curt. numerous on the stem, collected in whorles, emersed ones
fl. lond. t. 37. fl. dan, t. 572. Bull, herb. t. 12. Small Spear-wort. stalked, ovate, rather 3-lobed , immersed ones rather filiform.
Pet. eng. herb. t. 39. f. 6. Differing from R. lingua in the O. H. W. Native of Hungary in bogs and in water. Hayne,
stems being declinate, not erect, and rooting at the joints; solid, term. bot. t. 28. f. 3. Waldst. and Kit. hung. 1. p. 44. t. 45.
not fistular, from R. reptans in throwing out roots only at the Stem branched at the top, many-flowered. Flowers having
lower joints of the stem. Flowers sometimes semi-double. either 5-petals or 3-petals. Perhaps a species of Casàlia.
4. H.

32
RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
5.
Many-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Pl. flt.
5. p. 42.) radical leaves stalked, smooth, somewhat fleshy, ovate,
61 R. PULCHE'LLUS (Ledeb. in litt. ex. Spreng.) radical leaves 3-toothed at the apex; scapes 1-2-flowered, smooth, length of
ovate, acute, a little 3-toothed at the apex, on long petioles, petioles ; petals linear, longer than the calyx. 4. S.
cauline ones linear, stem-clasping, cut, upper ones 3-parted; stem Var. a, màjor (H. B. l. c.) 2. S. Native of Mexico, near
simple, few-flowered ; sepals much smaller than the corolla, and Carpio. R. stoloníferus, Lamb. herb.
are villous as well as the peduncles. 4. H. Native of Dahuria Var. B, minor (H. B. 1. c.) 4. S. Native of Latacunga.
on Mount Imaus.
Furnished with creeping flagillæ, but sometimes without.
Neat Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
Three-toothed-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Pl. } foot.
62 R. SALSUGINÒSUS (Pall. itin. ed. 3rd. vol. 3. p. 173.) radical 69 R. NUBI'GENUS (H. B. and Kth. nov. gen. and spec. amer.
leaves stalked, oval, or somewhat cordate, 3-5-toothed at the
p. 42.) radical leaves stalked, almost orbicular, 7-toothed,
apex ; scapes naked, 1-flowered, erect; petals oblong, cuneated, smooth, rather fleshy ; scape almost naked, generally 2-flowered,
;
longer than the calyx. 4. H. Native of the Russian empire, pubescent at the top; bracteas linear, somewhat 3-toothed. 4.
especially in Siberia and Dahuria not far from Mount Odon- F. Native of Peru, on Mount Antisana. A very small and
Tchelon, in salt marshes. Root fascicled, fibrous, emitting from very smooth herb, with very small flowers, and a pressed calyx.
the neck numerous filiform creeping flagellæ. Flowers about the Cloud Crowfoot. Pl. 1 inch.
size of those of R. lanuginosus. Carpels ovate, oblong, longitu- 70 R. BREVISCA'PUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 253.) radical leaves
dinally striped, awned, with the short straight styles.
stalked, orbicular, cordate, 3-5-cleft; scapes 1-flowered, shorter
Salt-marsh Crowfoot. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1822. Pl. I foot. than the foot-stalks, emitting flagellæ from the neck. 2. F.
63 R. HYDROPHÈLUS (Gaudich. ex. Spreng. syst. app. p. 219.) Native of Peru. Flowers small, with pressed calyxes and obtuse
stem creeping, floating ; radical leaves orbicular-ovate, on very petals. This plant is poisonous to animals, and is therefore called
long petioles ; peduncles 1-flowered. 2. H. W. Native of the Centélla, according to Dombey.
Falkland islands.
Short-scaped Crowfoot. Pi. 1 foot.
Water-loving Crowfoot. Pl. I foot.
71 R. PÁLLA'SII (Schlecht. anim. ran. 1. t. 2.) stem creeping,
64 R. CYMBALA'RIÆ (D. C. syst. 1. p. 252.) radical leaves fistulous ; leaves all stalked, oval or obovate, cuneated, 3-
stalked, smooth, ovate-orbicular, rather fleshy, deeply crenated; parted; calyx 3-sepalled; flowers 8-petalled ; carpels thick,
scapes 1-3-flowered, ascending, emitting flagellæ from the neck; ovate smooth, beaked, disposed into a round head.
21. H.
petals linear, length of calyx. 4. H.
2. H. Native of Siberia about Native of North America, on the western coast, in marshy places;
the Baikal abundant, and at the rivers Jenisee and Oby, as well beyond Behring's Straits, in the bays of Eschscholtz and Good
as about Barnaoul, in salt-marshes. R. nànus, Fisch. in litt. Hope, and in the little island St. George, to the north of the
Amman, Ruth. 81. no. 107. t. 13. f. 2. Like R. salsuginosus, Aleutian Islands. Habit of R. flámmula, quite smooth.
but differs in its much smaller size, and in the leaves being more Pallas's Crowfoot. Pl. I foot.
orbicular, and crenated all round the margin, as well as in the
petals being linear, not oblong-cuneated.
§ 4. Flowers yellow. Leaves dissected.
Var. B, Americànus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 252.) R. cymbalariæ, 72 R. AURÍCOMUS (Lin. spec. 775.) leaves smooth, radical
Pursh. fl. bor. am. 2. p. 392. Smith, in Rees, cyclop. 4. H. ones stalked, cordate, generally 3-parted, or 3-lobed, stem ones
Native in Salem, Massachusetts; marshes near the salt works of divided to the base, into linear, entire, or toothed lobes, calyx
Onondago, New York, and from Canada to near the Arctic sea, pubescent, shorter than the petals. 4. H. Native of most
and from Hudson's Bay to the summits of the Rocky Mountains parts of Europe, also of Siberia, Caucasus, Japan, and Pennsyl-
in marshy and shady places. The flowers of this plant are said vania, in dry woods, bushy, and shady places. Plentiful in
to be sometimes white, and heads of carpels oblong, otherwise Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 624. Curt. fl. lond, fasc. 2. t. 41.
it is hardly distinguishable from the Siberian plant.
Fl. dan. t. 665. Stem branched, many-flowered. Calyx coloured,
Var. Y, alpinus (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 11.) plant smaller ; assuming the aspect of petals ; hence its specific name auricomus,
leaves 3-toothed at the apex; scape 1-flowered. Native of the with a pore at the base of each. This species having no acri-
Rocky Mountains, North America.
mony has been termed dulcis, or sweet-wood Crowfoot. The
Boat-shaped-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 ft. great and constant diversity in the leaves, especially the narrow
65 R. HALOPHìlus (Schlecht. anim. ran. p. 23. t. 4. f. 1.) linear shape of the upper ones distinguish it readily.
radical leaves stalked, smooth, rather fleshy, cuneated, 3-toothed Var. B, procèrior (D. C. syst. 1. p. 267.) 2. H. Native of
:
at the apex; runners rising from the neck of the stem ; scapes Hungary. R. Cassùbicus, Geners. elench. scepus. ex, Wahlenb.
1-flowered, almost twice as long as the petioles ; petals obovate, Var. y, apétala (D. C. prod. 1. p. 34.) petals wanting ; calyx
cuneated, longer than the calyx. 2. H. Native of Siberia. coloured, assuming the aspect of petals. 4. H. Native of
A very small smooth plant. Calyx 5-sepalled; corolla 5-petal- Thuringia.
led. Carpels terminated by a hooked beak, disposed in an ovate Golden-haired Crowfoot, or Goldilocks. Fl. April, May.
head.
Britain. Pl. 1 foot.
Salt-loving Crowfoot. Pl. 2 inches.
73 R. CASSU'BICUS (Lin. spec. 775.) leaves smooth, radical
66 R.JAVA'NICUS (Blum. bijd. ex. Spreng. syst. app. p. 218.) ones stalked, kidney-shaped, crenated, stem ones divided into
leaves all stalked, cordate-ovate, crenate, upper ones lanceolate linear serrated lobes ; calyx pubescent, shorter than the petals.
or trifid ; peduncles opposite the leaves, 1-flowered; petals twice 2. H. Native of Prussia, Russia, and Siberia in moist mea-
as long as the calyx. 2. S.
21. S. Native of Java.
dows. Sims, bot. mag. 2267. R. reniformis, Gilib, in ust.
Java Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
del. 2. p. 240. R. aurícomus, var. B, Bir. ren. p. 39. Very
67 R. FONTA’NUS (Presl. ex. Spreng. syst. app. p. 218.) stem like R. aurícomus, but differing in the radical leaves being cre-
ascending, fistular ; leaves toothed, lower ones stalked, cordate- nated, not lobed, and in the lobes of the upper leaves being always
ovate, blunt ; upper ones linear-oblong, tapering into the petiole; serrated.
peduncles opposite the leaves; petals longer than the calyx. Cassubian Crowfoot. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1794. Pl. } foot.
2. H. W. Native of Sicily.
74 R. ABORTĪVUS (Lin. spec. 776.) leaves smooth, radical ones
Fountain Crowfoot. Pl. foot. .
stalked, cordate, orbicular, crenated, some 3-parted, stem ones
68 R. TRIDENTA'TUS (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec. amer. divided into 3-5 oblong linear lobes; calyx smooth, rather longer

RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
33
than the petals. 4. H. Native of North America in wet places Hook fl. bor. amer. 13. t. 6. B.) pubescent; radical leaves stalked,
on the sides of ponds and ditches, from New York to Carolina ; cordate, ovate, crenated, rarely cleft, pilose, stem ones sessile,
on the declivities of the Rocky Mountains ; Newfoundland. R. digitate, with linear, pilose segments; stem erect, spreading,
aurícomus. Var..c. Bir. ren. p. 39. Flowers small.
branched, pilose; carpels turgid, obovate, smooth, scarcely beaked,
Var. B, nítidus (Walt. fl. car. p. 159.) 4. H.
4. H. Native in collected into a round head. 4. H. Native of North America
most meadows about New York, and in muddy places on the side in alpine prairies on the Rocky Mountains, and about Carlton
of rivulets about Wilmington. Plant larger. Peduncles more House. Peduncles lengthening, when in fruit, to 3 inches,
elongated. Calyx pilose, more spreading.
striated, swelling upwards. Calyx reflexed, pubescent ; equal in
Abortive Crowfoot. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1713. Pl. 1 ft. length to the corolla.
75 R. RHOMBOÌDES (Goldie in edinb. phil. journ. 6. p. 329. Oval-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1826. Pl. Z ft.
t. 11. f. 1.) plant hairy-pubescent; radical leaves rhomboid, ser- 81 R. INUNDA'TUS (R. Br. prod. nov. holl. 2. ined.) leaves
rated, or entire, cauline ones palmate, floral ones profoundly smooth, radical ones stalked, 5-parted, with trifid lobes and linear
jagged ; calyx spreading, pilose. 2. H. Native of North lobules which are 3-toothed at the top ; stem erect, 2-4-flowered,
America, common in the western parts of Canada, at Lake Sim- almost naked; peduncles opposite the leaves; calyx smooth,
coe, Upper Canada. R. ovalifolius. herb. Lamb.
rounded. O. H. Native of New South Wales at Williams'
Rhomb-leaved Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
river. Herb smooth, erect, slender. Flowers small. Sepals
76 R. GLABE'RRIMUS (Hook, A. bor. amer. p. 12. t. 5. A.)
with membranous margins.
leaves all stalked, radical ones roundish, quite entire, or coarsely Inundated Crowfoot. Fl. June, Aug. Pl.?
3-toothed, cauline ones somewhat cuneated, trifid ; calyx spread- 82 R. PU'RSHII (Hook fl. bor. amer. p. 15. t. 7. B.) submersed
ing, one half shorter than the petals ; heads of carpels globose. leaves, capillary-multifid ; emersed ones kidney-shaped, 3-5-
4.H. Native of North America, common on the mountains round parted with variously cut lobes ; stem elongated, floating ; sepals
the Kettle Falls and on the Rocky Mountains near the limits of reflexed, twice shorter than the corolla; carpels terminated by
perpetual snow. Plant quite smooth. Petals 5, oval, yellow. the ensiform straight styles ; heads rather globose.
2. H, W.
Very smooth Crowfoot. Pl. į foot.
Native of North America throughout the eastern and prairie dis-
77 R. CARDIOPHY'LLUS (Hook, fl. bor. amer. 14. t. 5. B.) tricts to near the Arctic sea, upper Louisiana, &c. Never ob-
plant pubescent, hairy; radical leaves roundish-cordate, crenate, served floating in deep water, but sometimes spreading over the
and multifid, cauline ones palmately multifid ; lobes linear deeply surface of sphagnous bogs, more generally creeping on mud in
crenate; calyx spreading one half shorter than the corolla ; heads very sheltered pools of water, in shady places. Flowers yellow.
of carpels oblong. 4. H. Native of North America in alpine This aquatic plant has a very similar habit with R. aquátilis, and,
prairies of the Rocky Mountains. Flowers large, golden. Car- like it, varies exceedingly in the length of the stems and the
pels roundish, small, compressed, terminated by longish, hooked shape of the leaves, according to its situation in deep or shallow
beaks.
water, in more or less flowing streams, and on the almost dry mud.
Heart-leaved Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
Var. a, multífidus (Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 736.) leaves all
78. R. ANGULA'TUS (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 219.) stem capillary-multifid ; flowers larger ; stem fistulous. A. fluviatilis.
branched, clothed with close-pressed
hairs ; radical leaves on Bigel. fl. bost. ed. 2. p. 228.
long stalks, cordate-roundish, angular-lobed, toothed, stem ones Var. f, Hookèri ; submersed leaves capillary-multifid, floating
3-parted, deeply toothed ; carpels beaked, quite smooth. 4. H.
1
ones kidney-shaped, palmately-multifid. 4. H. W. Native of
Native of Sicily.
lakes and marshes about Slave Lake, Cumberland House. Hook
Angular-leaved Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
fl. bor. amer. p. 15. t. 7. B. f.1.
79 R. SCELERA'TUS (Lin. spec, 776.) leaves smooth, radical Var. y, rèpens (Hook fl. bor. amer. p. 15. t. 7. B. f. 2.) lower
ones stalked, 3-parted, with 3-lobed lobes, and bluntly toothed leaves linear-many-parted, upper ones kidney-shaped, palmately-
upper leaves 3-parted, with oblong linear entire lobes ; floral multifid. Found along with the preceding variety. A. Purshii
leaves oblong: calyx smooth; carpels small collected into an Richards in Frankl. journ. ed. 2. app. p. 23.
oblong spike. 0. H. M. Native throughout Europe, also in Var. d, Gmelini (Ď. C. prod. 1. p. 35.) plant creeping, leaves
Siberia, Cochin China, Nipaul, North of Africa, and North Ame- all kidney-shaped, roundish, palmate, 3-5-lobed. Native about
rica, in watery places. Smith eng. bot. t. 681.
·
Curt. A. lond. 2. Bear Lake, and in the Bay of Eschscholtz on the western shore
t. 42. Fl. dan. t. 571. R. digitàtus Gilib. exerc. phyt. t. 373. of extreme Arctic America and of Siberia. Hook f. bor. amer.
Hecatònia palustris. Lour. fl. cochin. 371. Stem branched, p. 15. t. 7. B. f. 3. R. Gmelini, D. C. prod. i. p. 34, exclusive
.
hollow. Flowers smlal. The bruised herb is said to raise a of the synonym of Schlecht. R. Langsdorfii. D. C. prod. 1.
blister, which is not easily healed, and by which strolling beggars p. 34.-Gmel. sib. 4. t. 83. B. R. Sibiricus, Spreng. syst. 2.
sometimes excite compassion. When chewed it inflames the
tongue, and when taken into the stomach, it produces violent Pursh's Crowfoot. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. flt. and creeping.
effects. It is suspected to have proved poisonous to sheep. It 83 R. RIVULA'RIS (Banks and Soland. MSS. D. C. syst. 1.
is one of the most virulent of our native plants. The distilled p. 270.) leaves smooth on long stalks, 3-parted with wedge-
water of this species is intensely acrimonious, and when cold de- shaped cut partitions ; stems floating, reptant ; peduncles oppo-
posits crystals, which are scarcely soluble in any menstruum, and
,
site the leaves 1-flowered, petals lanceolate, remote. 0. G.
are of an inflammable nature. The acrimony of the herb being Native of New Zealand in rivulets. A smooth, slender, creeping
wholly expelled in decoction, accordingly the shepherds in Wal- or floating herb. Carpels awned.
lachia boil and eat it.
Rivulet Crowfoot. Pl. flt.
Var. f, umbellàtus (Roxb. in Willd. enum. 588.) spikes of 84 R. ACAU’LIS (Banks and Sol. MSS. D. C. syst. 1. p. 270.)
carpels more oblong. O. H. M. Gathered by Dr. Roxburgh leaves smooth, radical ones on long stalks, 3-parted, with oval
in the Botanic Garden of Calcutta.
very entire lobes ; scape 1-flowered, naked, shorter than the leaf-
1
Var. y, mínimus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 268.) stem dwarf; radical
.
stalks; calyx spreading ; petals lanceolate, remote, erect. 0. 4.
leaves trifid. O. H. W. Native of Tauria.
G.? Native of New Zealand in watery places near Opuragi.
Hurtful or Water Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Aug. Brit. Pl. 3 to 2 ft. Plant resembling Trifòlium uniflòrum. Petals with long claws.
80 Ř. OVA'lis (Rafin. in journ. bot. 1814. vol. 2. p. 268.) Perhaps only a variety of R. rivulàris.
F
P. 652.
VOL. I. -PART I.

34
RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
-
swamps, Whale
Stemless Crowfoot. Pl. 2 inches.
in muddy pools which become dry during summer, Behring's
85 R. COLLÌNUS (R. Br. prod. fl. nov. holl. ined. D. C. syst. Straits, Kotzebue's Sound, Spitzbergen, &c.-Mart. spitzb.
1. p. 271.) leaves all radical, pubescent, stalked, ternate, with cap. 3. t. 1. f. d. Lin. fi. lapp, ed. 1. no. 232. t. 3. f. 2. Radical
oval somewhat toothed segments; scape naked, 1-flowered, leaves rising after the flower. Stem villous under the flower, and
longer than the leaves ; calyx spreading; petals stipitate, oval- furnished with two or three oval-oblong sessile cut or toothed
oblong. O.? H. Native of Van Dieman's Land, on hills. leaves. Calyx spreading. Carpels beaked. Flowers pale yellow.
Scapes 1 or 2 rising from the root, erect, slender, twice as long Var. B, sulphureus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 273.) radical leaves
as leaves. Flowers small. Calyx soon falling off. Ovaries few, cuneated at the base, hardly lobed to the middle, middle lobe
smooth.
half ovate, broadest at the base. Phips. voy. 202. R. nivalis
Hill Crowfoot. Fl. July. Pl. 4 foot.
B, Wahl. fl. lapp. 157. R. prìmus. Mart. spitz. t. 6. f.c.
86 R. PUMÌLIO (R. Br. prod. fl. nov. holl. ined. D. C. syst. 1. Snow Crowfoot. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1775. Pl. Z ft.
p. 271.) leaves rather villous, 3-parted, with oblong trifid or en- 91 R. SABÌNII (R. Br. in app. to Capt. Parry's 1st voy.
tire lobes ; stems erectish ; pedicels opposite the leaves; carpels p. 265.) leaves 3-parted, radical ones on long petioles; segments
villous. O. H. Native of Van Dieman's Land. A small elliptical, lateral ones semibifid ; stem leaves sessile, linear, 3-
many-stemmed herb with very small flowers. Carpels 7-8, parted; calyx hairy, about equal in length to the retuse petals.
pointed. This species has a little of the habit of R. collinus, 4. H. Native of Melville Island, shores of the Arctic Sea
but perhaps it is more closely allied to R. parviflorus and its between the Mackenzie and Coppermine rivers.
congeners.
Sabine's Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
Dwarf Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
92 R. A'RCTICUS (Richards in Frankl. 1st journ. ed. 1. app.
87 R. LAPPONICUS (Lin. spec. 778.) leaves smooth, radical, p. 741.) leaves quite smooth, radical ones on long stalks, hastate,
on long stalks, 3-parted, with dilated, blunt, toothed lobes ; scape 3-parted ; segments 3-4-cleft
, obtuse ; stem leaves linear-parted;
3
naked, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; calyx of three re- stem simple, 1-flowered; calyx villous, reflexed, shorter than the
flexed sepals. 4. H. Native of Lapland, Sweden, and Ice- petals which are very blunt. 4. H. Native of North America
land, in moist, shady places; in North America in mossy woods in in the Arctic regions. Hooker considers this identical with R.
the eastern and central districts, from latitude 50° to the Arctic affinis.
sea, eastern declivity of the Rocky Mountains in
Arctic Crowfoot. Pl. 4 foot.
Island in the Arctic sea, &c. Smith in fl. lapp. ed. 2. p. 194. 93 R. FRÍGIDUS (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1312.) leaves smooth, ra-
FRígidus
t. 3. f. 4. Wahl. fl. lapp. 284. t. 8. f.2. Lin. fi. lapp. no. 231. dical ones cuneated, obovate or orbicular deeply toothed at the
t. 3. f. 4. Habit almost of Adóxa. Petals 5-6, hardly longer apex, cauline ones divided into 5 or 7 entire lobes ; stem 1.
than the calyx. Carpels 6-10, terminated by the hooked styles, col- flowered; calyx hairy, shorter than the emarginate petals. 4.H.
lected into a round head. The scape is sometimes furnished with Native of Northern Asia on mountains as well as on the Altaian
one leaf.
mountains in Siberia near springs. R. sulphureus, D. C. syst. 1.
Lapland Crowfoot. Pl. 1 to į foot.
p. 274. exclusive of the synonyms of Mart. and Wahl. R. Altài-
88 R. HYPERBÒREUS (Rottb. act. hafn. 10. p. 458. t. 4. f. 16.) Laxm. nov. comm. Gott. acad. petrop. 1774. vol. 18.
leaves smooth, stalked, trifid ; lobes oblong, divaricating, with p. 533. t. 8. Like R. glacialis and R. nivàlis.
the lateral ones trifid or bifid and middle one entire ; sheath of Frigid Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Pl. foot.
1 /
leaf 2-eared at the base ; carpels margined on the back, tipped 94 R. EschschÓLzII (Schlecht. anim. ran. 2. p. 16. t. 1.) leaves
with a small inconspicuous point; stem filiform, creeping. 4.H. ciliated, radical ones stalked, 3-parted, with the partitions lobed ;
Native of Iceland, Greenland, Norway, Siberia, Lapland, North stem usually 2-flowered; calyx hairy, shorter than the petals;
America in marshes on the Rocky Mountains, Arctic Islands, &c. carpels obliquely ovate, pointed. 4. H. Native of the islands
Fl. dan. t. 331. R. Ammani Gun. fl. norv, no. 826. exclusive of Unalaschka and St. George, N. W. America; near the limits
of synonyms. R. montànus, var. a, Bir. ren. 39. R. Gmelíni of perpetual snow on the borders of streams upon the Rocky
Schlecht. anim. ran. sect. 2. p. 35.-Gmel. sib. 4. t. 33. f. b. Mountains.
Like R. Cymbalàriæ, but from it easily distinguished by its trifid Var. B, Hookèri, petals small or abortive.
leaves.
Eschscholz's Crowfoot. Pl. foot.
. 1
Northern Crowfoot. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1820. Pl. to ft.
.
95 R. PERUVIA'nus (Pers. ench. 2. p. 103.) leaves rather
89 R. PYGMÆ'US (Wahl. fl. lapp. no. 286. t. 8. f. 1.) leaves hairy, radical ones stalked, semiorbicular, crenated, cauline ones
smooth, 3-5-cleft, radical ones stalked, cauline one sessile; stem sessile, cleft into many linear entire lobes ; calyx very villous.
1-flowered ; calyx smooth somewhat reflexed, longer than the 4. G. Native of Peru, in marshes on mount Antisana. Deless.
petals ; carpels roundish, pointed with the short hooked styles. icon. sel. 1. t. 37. Petals 5, orbicular. Carpels ovate, compres-
4. H. Native of the Alps of Norway, Lapland, in irrigated sed, smooth.
places near rivulets under the rocks; North America in moist Peruvian Crowfoot. Pl. I foot.
grassy places on the high parts of the Rocky Mountains, about 96 R. PEDUNCULA'TUS (Viv. app. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Lin-
Arctic sea coast, between long. 1079 and 140°, about Beh- næa. p. 501. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 652.) radical leaves somewhat
ring's Straits ; on Chamisso's Island, and on that of St. Law- orbicular, crenate-toothed, the rest 3-parted, with the middle
rence; Spitzbergen and Labrador. Wahl. Al. lapp. no. 286. t. 8. lobe stalked, trifid, and cut; scape usually leafless, 1-flowered ;
f. 1. Mart. spitzb. cap. 3. t. 9. f. e. Lin. fl
. lapp. no. 232. calyx spreading. 4. H. Native of Corsica. Plant pubescent
var. y, t. 3. f. 3. Rchb. icon. bot. t. 2. f. 3, 4, 5. A very small or hairy.
plant with the appearance of Saxifraga rivulàris.
Peduncled Crowfoot. Pl. foot.
Pygmy Crowfoot. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1810. Pl. 1 ft. 97 R. HUMILIS (D.Don. in herb. Lamb.) plant pilose ; radical
90 R. NIVA'LIS (Gun. norv. 627.) leaves smooth, radical ones leaves stalked, cordate, obtuse, slightly 3-lobed and crenate;
kidney-shaped, stalked, 5-cleft, with entire ovate lobes, cauline stem short; peduncles long, radical, axillary, and terminal ; car-
leaves almost sessile, palmate; stem 1-flowered ; calyx hairy, one pels rather inflated, beaked. 24. H. Native of Mexico.
half shorter than the obovate blunt petals. 4. H. Native of Flowers small, yellow,
Lapland, Norway, Iceland ; North America on lofty parts of Dwarf Crowfoot. Pl. 1-2 inches.
the Rocky Mountains, Copper Mountains and Arctic sea coast 98 R. MULTICAU'LIS (D. Don. in herb. Lamb.) plant pilose;
cus.
a

RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
35
ovate.
lobes ; scapes
stems numerous, prostrate, or ascending; radical leaves cordate- wanting ; leaves less profoundly divided.) Hook. fl. bor. amer.
roundish, stalked, 3-lobed ; lobes crenate; cauline leaves sessile, p. 13. t. 6. f. A. b. Native of Melville Island and shores of the
entire, opposite; calyx reflexed, much shorter than the petals, Arctic sea.
which are emarginate ; carpels rather inflated, pointed ; heads Var. y, subintegrifolius (radical leaves roundish, almost en-
21. H. Native of Mexico.
Allied to R. repens.
tire.) Native of Melville Island and shores of the Arctic sea.
Flowers middle-size, yellow.
(Hook.)
Many-stemmed Crowfoot. Pl. 4 foot.
Allied Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. Pl. I foot.
99 Ř. POLYRHÌZos (Steph. in Willd. spec. 2. p. 1324.) leaves 104 R. VILLA'RSII (D. C. f. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 896.) leaves
smooth, radical ones stalked, 3-5-cleft, with ovate entire lobes : pubescent, radical ones almost orbicular, 3-parted, with trifid
cauline leaves sessile, cleft into many linear-entire lobes ; stem toothed acute segments; cauline leaves sessile, 3-5-parted into
somewhat prostrate, 1-3-flowered; calyx spreading, smooth. linear entire lobes ; stem 1-flowered, pubescent at the top; calyx
2. H. Native of Caucasus, frequent about the colony of Sa- spreading, villous. 4. H. Native of the Alps of Savoy, Dau-
repta, and at the rivers Terek and Volga; of the Caspian deserts, phiny, and Provence, in rugged meadows. R. Breyniànus,
and the Altaian mountains. Deless, icon. sel. 1. t. 38. Bieb. pl. Crantz. austr. 2. p. 91. t. 4. f. 2. R. Lapponicus, Vill. dauph. 4.
rar. ross. 1. t. 19. Petals obovate. Carpels smooth, awned. p. 743. but not of Lin. R. montànus, var. d, Bir. ren. p. 39.
Many-rooted Crowfoot. Fl. April, May. Pl. I to ] foot. R. Gouàni, Smith in Rees' cyclop. no. 41. R. oreophilus, Bieb.
100 R. DEMÍSSUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 275.) leaves smooth, radical suppl. 383. A doubtful species between R. montànus, R. àcris,
ones stalked, 3-5-parted, with the partitions divided into linear and R. Goudni, but differs from the first in the calyx being vil-
lobes; scape almost naked, lying on the ground, 1-2-flowered ; lous, not almost smooth, and in the lobes of the radical leaves
calyx spreading, pubescent. 2. H. Native of Mount Lebanon being more toothed and acute, as well as in the trunk of root
.
Trunk of root thick. Cauline leaves wanting or solitary, linear, being oblique and blackish, from the second in the stem being
simple or divided almost to the base into 3 linear lobes. Flowers 1-flowered, not many-flowered, as well as in the structure of its
smaller than those of R. montànus. Carpels somewhat orbicular, roots.
compressed, almost awnless.
Villar's Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. & to ft.
Low Crowfoot. Pl. trailing.
105 R. INSULA'RIS (Viv. app. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Linnæa,
101 R. PEDATÍFIDUS (Smith, in Rees' cyclop. no. 72. Hook. 1. p. 502.) plant hairy; root fascicled-tuberous; radical leaves
fl. bor. amer. p. 18. t. 8. B.) leaves somewhat pubescent, radical 3-parted; segments bifid and trifid; stem leaves trifid, on stem-
ones palmately or pedately cut into 3 or 5 linear quite entire clasping petioles ; calyx spreading ; sepals ovate acute, clothed
almost naked, erect, 1 or 2-flowered ; calyx spread- with close-pressed hairs. 21. H. Native of Corsica.
ing, rather villous. 2. H. Native of Siberia and North Ame- Island Crowfoot. Pl. 3 to foot.
rica on the barren summits of the Rocky Mountains. Stems 106 R. UNCINA'Tus (D. Don. in herb. Lamb.) stem erect;
usually simple 1-flowered, rarely bifid 2-flowered, with the two radical leaves ? cauline ones on long stalks, 3-parted ; segments
cauline leaves sessile. Flowers a little smaller than those of R. 3-lobed ; lobes toothed or lobed, acute; floral leaves ternate ;
àcris. Carpels terminated by the somewhat recurved styles. leaflets linear-lanceolate, acute, quite entire ; peduncles slender,
Pedate-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. 1-flowered, terminal, and lateral; carpels few, ending in hooked
102 R. MONTA'NUS (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1321.) radical leaves points; heads globose.
points; heads globose. 2. H. Native of Mexico. Flowers
smooth, 3-parted, orbicular, with trifid blunt segments, cauline small, yellow. Root fibrous. Plant smooth.
ones sessile, 3-5-parted into linear quite entire lobes ; stem l- Hooked-carpelled Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
flowered, clothed with pressed pubescence at the top; calyx 107 R. GOUA'NI (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1322.) radical leaves or-
.
smoothish. 4. H. Native of the Alps of Austria, Switzer- bicular, divided into 5-deeply toothed lobes, cauline ones sessile,
land, France, and the Pyrenees in rugged meadows. R. nivalis, palmately-parted into toothed lobes ; calyx somewhat villous.
Scop. carn. ed. 2. no. 686. Jacq. austr. t. 325 and 326. but not 4. H. Native of the Pyrenees, Alps of Dauphiny, Hungary,
of Lin. R. montànus, var. f. Bir. ren. 39. This is a common in meadows. R. Pyrenæ'us, Goua. ill. 33. f. 1 and 2. not of
species on the higher mountains of Europe, where it is often Lin. R. furcàtus, Berg. fl. Bass. pyr. 2. p. 406. R. montànus,
confounded with R. Villársü, but differing in the stem usually var. g, Вir. ren. 40. A very distinct species from R. montànus,
bearing only two leaves, and in having an almost smooth spread- in its larger habit and more ample flowers.
Its stature is very
ing calyx, not villous with spreading hairs, as well as in the variable; for instance, when growing on the tops of the higher
floral leaves being linear-entire, not as in R. Gouàni, deeply- Pyrenees it does not exceed 3 inches in height, but in lower
toothed. Flowers a little larger than those of R. àcris. Stigmas moist situations it will grow to the height of 2 feet. Stem 1 or
beautifully revolute.
many-flowered. Flowers sometimes rather umbellate on short
Var. B, tenuifolius (D. C. syst. 1. p. 276.) segments of leaves pedicels, sometimes on long pedicels. Floral leaves sometimes
acute. 2. H. Native of the Alps of Provence and Jura. R. alternate and distant, but usually in the approximating mode of
gracilis, Schleicher, pl. helv.
an involucre under the flower.
Mountain Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1775. Pl. 1 foot. Gouan's Crowfoot. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. š to 2 ft.
103 R. AFFI'NIS (R. Br. Parry, voy. app. p. 265. Hook. fl. 108 R. A'CRIS (Lin. spec. 779.) leaves pubescent or somewhat
bor. amer. p. 12. t. 6. A. a.) radical leaves pedately-multifid, smooth, 3-5-parted ; segments trifid, jagged, those of the upper-
stalked, cauline ones almost sessile; lobes of all linear; stem most leaves linear and entire ; stem erect, many-flowered, cover-
erect, 1-2-flowered, and is as well as the calyxes and ovaries pu- ed with pressed hairs ; peduncles round and even ; calyx rather
bescent; carpels with recurved beaks, collected into an oblong villous ; carpels somewhat orbicular, compressed, with short re-
cylindrical head. 2. H. Native of North America from
curved points.
4. H. Native throughout Europe ; Siberia,
Canada to the Arctic sea, on the Rocky Mountains and else- Tauria, North America, in meadows and pastures, very common
where. The whole plant is somewhat hairy. Radical leaves even on the loftiest mountains. Smith, eng. bot. t. 652. Curt.
sometimes somewhat kidney-shaped, deeply crenated. Calyx lond. fasc. 1. t. 39. Mart. rust. t. 30. Woods' suppl. t. 246.
t'
hairy, spreading, or slightly reflexed; petals twice as large as the Bull. fr. t. 109. R. Sículus Presl. R. napellifolius, var. Crantz.
sepals.
austr. 2. p. 90. t. 4. f. 1. Root somewhat tuberous ; lower
Var. B, apétalus (petals somewhat shorter than the calyx or leaves sometimes blotched, with black in the middle. Calyx
F 2

36
RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
a
a
Curt. bot. mag.
50.
Var.
spreading. This plant is very acrid and dangerous. Curtis elsewhere in Biera. R. chærophyllos, var. e, Bir. ren. 42.
says, that even pulling up the plant, and carrying it to some little Very nearly allied to R. àcris. Root fascicled white. Stem
distance, has produced a considerable inflammation in the palm clothed with subrufous hairs. Carpels compressed, acuminated.
of the hand : that cattle in general will not eat it ; yet that some- Rufous-haired Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
times when they are turned hungry into a new field of grass, or
,
113 R. POLYA'NTHEMUS (Lin. spec. 779.) leaves 3-5-palmate-
have but a small spot to range in, they will feed on it, and hence parted, with deeply multifid partitions and linear lobes; stem erect,
their mouths have become sore and blistered. According to many-flowered, and is, as well as the petioles, covered with spread-
Linnæus, sheep and goats eat it; but kine, horses, and swine ing pili; peduncles furrowed; calyx hairy; carpels almost awnless.
refuse it. When made into hay it loses its acrid quality, but 2. H. Native of Holland, Germany, Hungary, Russia, Sweden,
then it seems to be too stalky and hard to afford much nourish- Norway, in bushy places, coppices, and woods. R. polyánthos,
ment; if it be of any use it must be to correct by its warmth the Neck. Gallop. 240. R. napellifòlius, Crantz. austr. 2. p. 90. t. 4.
insipidity of grasses. It is called vulgarly butter-flower, or butter- f. 1.? R. multifòrus, Gilib. in ust. del. 2. p. 418. Similar to R.
cup, as well as R.
repens and R. bulbòsus, under a notion that àcris, var. y, but differs in the leaves being much more dissected
the yellow colour of butter is owing to these plants. It is rich- into narrower linear lobes, which are not toothed on the margins ;
ness of the pasture that communicates this colour and not these stem and petioles more hairy; peduncles furrowed, not round;
flowers, which the cattle seldom eat.
calyx more hispid, as well as in the ovaries being about 20, not
Var. B, múltiplex (flowers double). 4. H.
t. 215. This plant is cultivated in gardens under the name of Many-flowered Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1796. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
Yellow Bachelor's buttons.
114 R. NEMORÒSUS (D.C. syst. 1. p. 280.) radical leaves 3-5-
)
Var. y, sylváticus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 278.) petioles and leaves cleft beyond the middle into wedge-shaped lobes, which are again
velvety-villous on the under surface. 2. H. Native of Europe divided into lobules, which are toothed at the apex; stem erect
in woods. R. sylváticus, Thuil. f. par. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 276. and is, as well as the petioles, covered with spreading hairs; pe-
R. lanuginosus, ß. Fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 899. This variety is duncles furrowed ; carpels terminated by hooked awns.
4. H.
perhaps a proper species ; it is much larger than the var. a, and Native of Switzerland and France in woods. Like R. polyán-
the flowers more numerous, but smaller, and somewhat corym- themus.
bose.
a, multiflòrus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 280.) stem many-flowered;
Var. d, multifidus (D. C. 1. c.) lobes of leaves deeply multifid. upper leaves divided into entire linear lobes. 4.H. Native of
4. H. R. polyánthemus, Lob.icon. 686. f. 1. This plant has mountains at the foot of the Alps of Jura. R. polyánthemus
the appearance of R. polyánthemus, in the leaves being many- Sut. A. helv. 1. p. 341. Habit of R. àcris.
parted, but it is more closely allied to R. àcris, in the carpels Var. B, pauciflòrus (D. C.
Var. B, pauciflorus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 280.) stem 1-3-flowered ;
being terminated by straight points, not almost awnless, as well upper leaves somewhat lobed and deeply toothed, uppermost ones
as in the stem being covered with pressed pubescence, not pilose. small. 4. H. Native of Vallais, Cevennes, Pyrenees, in sub-
Acrid, or Upright meadow Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Pl. 2 ft. alpine situations. R. aureus Schleich. pl. helv. R. villòsus. St.
109 R. Brutius (Tenore. fl. neap. prod. suppl. 1. p. 61.) Amand. fl. agr. 227. bouq. t. 5. Habit of R. montànus.
BRU'TIUS .
leaves pubescent 3-5-parted, with 3-parted partitions, and lan- Grove Crowfoot. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1810. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
ceolate bifid lobes ; stem erect, villous, many-flowered; calyx 115 R. BREYNIA'NUS (Crantz, aust. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 654.)
pressed, one-half shorter than the petals. 24. H. Native of stem erect, many-flowered, and is, as well as the leaves, villous;
Naples on Mount Pollino. Tenore. fl. neap. 1. t. 50. Like R. radical leaves palmate, 3-5-parted; lobes obovate-oblong, toothed;
àcris, but differing in the segments of the leaves being broader floral leaves quite entire ; peduncles furrowed ; calyx spreading;
and serrated, smoothish, not villous, as well as in the flowers carpels with hooked points. 4. H. Native of the south of
being twice the size. It differs from R. polyánthemus in the Europe in subalpine situations. R. nemorosus var.ß, D. C. syst.
leaves being digitately-parted, smoothish, and in the peduncles 1. p. 280. prod. 37 ?
being round and even, not striated.
Breynius's Crowfoot. Fl. May. July. Clt.? Pl. 1 foot.
Brutian Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 116 R. LANUGINÒSUS (Lin. spec. 779.) leaves trifid, silky,
110 R. STEVE'NI (Bess. enum. volhy. no. 683.) leaves 3-5- with - broad toothed rather cut lobes ; stem erect, many-flowered,
parted, with wedge-shaped deeply toothed trifid segments, those and is, as well as the petioles, clothed with reflexed hairs ; pe-
of the upper ones linear; root with numerous fibres; stem almost duncles round; carpels flat, terminated by hooked awns. 4. H.
naked; peduncles round; calyx hairy, spreading; stigmas Native of Montpelier, Dauphiny, Switzerland, Austria, Germany,
spreading. 4. H. Native of Volhynia and Podolia in meadows. Denmark, Hungary, Tauria, Greece, in wooded mountains. F1.
Like R. àcris.
dan. t. 397. Smith fl. græc. t. 519. A very distinct species
Steven's Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. from its congeners in the leaves being much broader and silky on
111 R. Caucaʼsicus (Bieb. fl. cauc. 2. p. 27.) radical leaves both surfaces with pressed hairs.
on long stalks, somewhat pubescent, 3-parted, with deeply Var. B, geraniifolius (D. C. syst. 1. p. 281.) upper leaves
toothed trifid lobes ; stem leaves stalked, ternate, the uppermost 3-parted into oblong acuminate coarsely serrated lobes.
ones with linear lobes ; stem erect, fibrous at the neck; pedicels R. montànus subhirsutus, &c. C. Bauh. pin. 182. Tourn.
round; calyx spreading. 2. H. Native of Caucasus in sub- inst. 291.
alpine situations. On grassy hills about Narza frequent. In Var. y, párvulus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 37.) stem 1-2-flowered ;
habit like R. àcris, but with rather smaller flowers. Roots leaves
Roots leaves very minute. 4. H. Native of the Alps of Jura.
fibrous, with black fibres rising from the base. Carpels com- Var. d, Constantinopolitànus (D. Urv. enum. pl. arch. no. 476.)
pressed, smooth, with hooked beaks.
radical leaves very large, on very long footstalks, trifid, with
Caucasian Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 11 to 2 feet. broad cut lobes, upper ones jagged, with linear segments all silky
112 R. RU'FULUS (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 367.) radical leaves 3-5- lanuginous ; stem erect, lanuginous, many-flowered ; calyx re-
parted ; lobes many-cleft; lower cauline leaves stalked, 3- flexed ; carpels flat, somewhat orbicular, terminated by hooked
parted, upper ones linear; stem erect, solid, not fistular, and is awns. 4. H. Native in hedges about Constantinople, fre-
as well as the round peduncles, villous ; calyx spreading. 4. H. quent.
Native of Portugal, at the bottom of hills near Coimbra and Woolly-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1683. Pl. 1 to 11 ft.
4. H.

RANUNCULACEÆ, XIV. RANUNCULUS.
37
7,
117 R. TUBEROSUS (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 320.) radical leaves Rhæas-leaved Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
large, 3-lobed ; lobes distant, lateral ones 2-lobed, intermediate 126 R. RE'PENS (Lin. spec. 779.) leaves ternate, with wedge-
one wedge-shaped, 3-lobed, with cut lobules; stem rather as- shaped, 3-lobed, deeply-toothed segments; runners creeping,
cending, pubescent; peduncles round, divaricating; calyx pressed. rising from the neck of the stem ; flower bearing stems rather
4. H. Native of the Pyrenees in meadows. Plant large. erect; calyx pressed ; carpels terminated by straight points.
Trunk of root about the thickness of a finger. Like R. nemo- 4. H. Native throughout Europe in meadows, moist pastures,
Tòsus.
and shady waste places, in towns, neglected gardens, very com-
Tuberous-rooted Crowfoot. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. mon; also in the mountains of North America. Smith eng. bot.
118 R. ANEMONEFÒLIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 282.) radical leaves
.
516. Curt. lond, fasc. 4. t. 38. Mart. rust. t. 29. Fl. dan.
3-parted, pubescent, with deeply toothed lobes, cauline ones t. 95.-Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 206. no. 54. t. 84. R. prostratus, Poir.
ternate, with entire lobes ; upper leaves long, linear, entire ; dict. 6. p. 113. R. inféstus Sal. prod. 373. This plant varies
stem erect, 1-2-flowered, smooth at the base, pubescent at the much according to the soil and situation where it grows. It is
top; calyx reflexed. 4. H. Native of Cappadocia Petals very acrid in taste and blisters the skin.
obovate, very blunt, about the size of those of R. gramineus. Var. B, flore pleno (flowers double) Tab. icon. 53. f.1.-Ger.
Anemone-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 foot. herb. 957. f. 2.-Besl. Eyst. vern. 1. t. 13. f. 2.
119 R. NAPELLIFÒLIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 282.) radical leaves
Var. eréctus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 285.) flowering stems erect,
3-parted, with the partitions divided into many linear lobes, without runners.
floral ones 3-parted, with linear lobes; stem erect, 1-3-flowered, Var. d, glabràtus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 285.) leaves and stems
fibry at the neck and covered with pressed hairs; calyx pressed. very smooth. R. lúcidus, Poir. dict. 6. p. 113.
4. H. Native of Cappadocia and in fields about Constantinople.
Var.
દ,.
linearílobus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 38.) runners creeping,
p
Calyx hairy.
very long, bearing flowers ; lobes of leaves very narrow.
Napellus-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 foot. Creeping Crowfoot. Fl. May, Aug. Brit. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
i
120 R. PLATYSPE'RMUS (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 37.) 127 R. CALEYA'NUS, plant pilose ; stem prostrate, many-
radical leaves many-cleft, cauline ones 3-parted, with linear flowered; radical leaves on long stalks, upper cauline ones ses-
lobes ; stem erect, carpels compressed, orbicular, membranous, sile, all ternate; segments 3-parted, lobed, middle one on a long
terminated by hooked awns. 4. H. Native of Russia at the stalk; calyx reflexed; carpels compressed, terminated by short
salt lake Inder, in the steppe Kirghisian.
A very distinct
distinct points, disposed in ovate heads. 2. H. Native near London
species, nearly allied to R. oxyspérmus and R. disséctus.
in dry places, particularly in the late Mr. Caley's garden at
Broad-seeded Crowfoot. Pl. Z to 1 foot.
Bayswater.
121 R. DISSE'CTUS (Bieb. fi. cauc. 2. p. 25. suppl. p. 381.) Caley's Crowfoot. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. Pl. trailing.
radical leaves somewhat pinnately-many-parted, with acute linear 128 R. MARGINA'TUS (D. Urv. enum. pl. arch. no. 479.) root
lobules; cauline leaf divided into very entire linear lobes ; stem fibrous ; stem branched at the base, spreading, rather hairy;
erect, 1-2-flowered, pubescent; calyx hairy, spreading.
leaves surrounded by a callose margin, lower ones stalked, ter-
Native of Siberia towards the top of Mount Tschaturdag and nate, with crenated blunt segments; stem leaves with linear seg-
elsewhere, and in Eastern Caucasus.
ments ; calyx reflexed ; carpels rounded, flat, marginated, ter-
Dissected-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. /
Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. į minated by rather hooked points. 4. H. Native on hills about
to 1 foot.
Trapesus. Petals small.
122 R. VILLÒSUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 283.) leaves villous, ter- Marginated-carpelled Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1.foot.
nate, with ovate, deeply toothed segments; floral leaves 3-parted 129 R. JAPÓNICUS (Langsd. ex Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1.
with oblong almost entire lobes ; stem erect, forked, covered p. 38.) leaves palmately ternate, with roundish deeply and bluntly
with rather deflexed hairs; calyx hispid, spreading. 2. H. Na- toothed segments; stem creeping ; calyx reflexed. 4. H. Na-
tive of Persia. Ovaries terminated by hooked awns.
tive of Japan, near Nagasaki, R. Langsdorfii
, Spreng. syst. 2.
Villous Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
p. 652. Carpels compressed, smooth, terminated by hooked
123 R. CAPPADOCICUS (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1326.) leaves pu- points. This plant is called in Japan Kimbu-Nohanwa.
bescent, radical ones cordate, trifid, with toothed acuminated Japan Crowfoot. Pl. creeping.
lobes; lower cauline leaves stalked, upper ones sessile, entire ; 130 R. DIFFU'SUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 38.) plant villous ; leaves
stem erect, generally 2-flowered ; calyx spreading ; root præ- roundish, 3-lobed, toothed, cordate at the base; stem creeping,
2. H. Native of Cappadocia. Ř. chærophyllos var. diffuse ; pedicels 1-flowered, opposite the leaves; calyx pressed;
Bir. ren. 43. An intermediate plant between R. àcris and R. carpels oval, smooth, dotted, terminated by straight points.
lanuginosus. Stem simple or bifid at the top. Carpels ovate, 4. H. Native of Nipaul in inundated places. Flowers small.
rather compressed, smooth, terminated by hooked awns.
Stem creeping
Cappadocian Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
Diffuse Crowfoot. Pl. creeping.
124 R. SERÍCEUS (Poir. dict. 6. p. 109 ) leaves silky-villous, 131 R. GERANOìdes (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec. amer.
radical ones stalked, 3-5-parted, cauline ones ternate, with stalked, 5. p. 44.) plant villous ; radical leaves ternate ; segments stalked,
5
3-parted segments; lobes of all deeply serrated; stem erect, trifid, cuneated at the base, deeply toothed ; stem ascending,
villous, many-flowered ; calyx spreading. 4. H. Native of few-flowered ; pedicels 1-flowered opposite the leaves; petals
the Mauritius. Deless, icon. sel. 1. t. 39. Habit of R. àcris or oblong; calyx somewhat reflexed 2. G. Native of New
R. polyánthemus. Flowers about the size of those of R. arvén- Granada on Mount Quindiu, also of the island of Java, according
sis, with oblong petals. Carpels compressed, acuminated. to Blume. Carpels smooth, compressed, terminated by straight
Silky Crowfoot. Pl. 1] foot.
points.
125°R. RHÆADIFÒLIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 284.) leaves nearly Geranium-like Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
1 /
smooth, pinnately ternate, lower ones stalked, long, with oval 132 R. CHILE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 286.) stems procumbent,
3-lobed deeply toothed segments ; lobes of upper leaves linear ; and are hispid as well as the petioles ; leaves rather villous, cor-
stem erect, branched, almost smooth; calyx reflexed.
date, orbicular, 3-5-cleft, with deeply toothed lobes; calyx very
Native of Mogador in fields, and perhaps also in the Canary villous. 4.F. Native of Chili near Talcacuano. The affinity
islands. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 40. Flowers small.
of this plant is doubtful, owing to the carpels being unknown,
24. H.
morse.
4. H.

38
RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
a
Chili Crowfoot. Pl. i to 1 foot.
Totaranui. Very like R. plebèius. Carpels compressed, end-
133 R. LAPPA'CEUs (Smith in Rees' Cyclop. no. 61.) leaves ing in short straight points.
villous, stalked, pinnate or pinnatifid, with ovate, trifid, sharply Hairy Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 foot.
and deeply lobed segments ; stem erect, many-flowered ; calyx 141 R. Híspidus (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 321.) stem erect,
spreading ; carpels terminated by hooked points. 4. H. Native branched, clothed with spreading hairs, as well as the petioles ;
of New Holland near Port Jackson. This species is allied to leaves on long stalks, ternate, upper ones almost sessile : leaflets
R. pinnátus, but the carpels are not tuberculated.
trifid cut, with lanceolate segments, which are callose at the apex;
War. B, obtusàtus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 287.) leaves shorter and pedicels covered with close-pressed pubescence; calyx pilose, at
blunter, 3-parted; stem almost naked, 2-flowered.
length reflexed. 2. H. Native of North America in wet
Var. y, pubescens (D. C. syst. i. p. 287.) stem and petioles fields and on the banks of ditches and rivers, from Canada to
clothed with pressed hairs; calyx hispid.
Carolina, and from the shores of Hudson's Bay to the Pacific.
Burdock Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
Flowers the size of those of R. dcris. Carpels orbicular com-
134 R. PILÒSUS (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. and spec. amer. 5. pressed, terminated by very short points. Neck of root some-
p. 45.) stem forked, ascending ; petioles beset with spreading what tuberous.
hairs ; leaves pinnate, with trifid grossly toothed segments, those Hispid Crowfoot. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? Pl. 1 foot.
of the upper ones linear, oblong, all clothed with close pressed 142 R, recurvatus (Poir. dict. 6. p. 123.) stem erect,
hairs ; calyx reflexed, nearly smooth; carpels terminated by clothed with spreading hairs as well as the petioles ; leaves 3-
straight points. 4. F. Native of South America, particularly parted, villous, with oval toothed partitions ; calyx pilose, re-
about Santa-fe-de-Bogota. Carpels disposed into globose heads. flexed; carpels with hooked points. 2. H. Native of North
Pilose Crowfoot. Pl. į foot.
America in shady woods, from New York to Carolina, Labrador,
135 R. NEPAULE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 39.) stem erect, dicho- mouth of the Columbia, and on the eastern declivity of the Rocky
tomous, hairy as well as the leaves, lower leaves ternate ; leaflets Mountains. Deless. icon. sel. 1.
Mountains. Deless. icon. sel. 1. p. 41. R. lanuginosus, Walt.
oblong-cuneated, lobed and toothed, upper ones 3-parted, entire ; fl. carol. 159. R. Pennsylvánicus, var. Bir. ren. p. 41. R. sani-
calyx villous, reflexed, a little longer than the oblong, blunt culæfórmis, Muhl. ex. Rafin. Like R. Pennsylvánicus, but dif-
petals ; carpels ovate, with straight points. 2. H. Native offering in the leaves being 3-parted, not ternate, that is to say,
Nipaul. R. trilobàtus. D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 194. R. ter- not cleft to the base but confluent, as well as in the carpels
nàtus, Thunb.
being collected into a somewhat globose head, not an ovate head,
Nipaul Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
and in having hooked not straight points. Root almost bulbous,
136 R. PETIOLA'RIS (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. especially with the neck clothed with the sheaths of the petioles
p. 45.) radical leaves on very long stalks, clothed with close-pressed of the old leaves. Flowers small. Petals elliptical, almost
silky-pubescence; partitions, trifid, deeply toothed; floral leaves white, sometimes abortive.
3-parted, with linear lobes; stem erect, forked; calyx reflexed. Var. B, Nelsònii (D. C. syst. 1. p. 290.) lobes of leaves ap-
2. F. Native of Mexico near Santa Rosa. Carpels ovate. proximate; pedicels clothed with close-pressed hairs, length of
glabrous, terminated by very short straight points.
leaves. 4. H. Native of the island of Unalaschka.
Long-stalked Crowfoot. Pl. 1-2 feet.
Var. Y, Hookerii (stem and leaves smoothish.) Native of
137 R. DICHÓTOMUS (Moc. et Sess. fl. mex. ic. ined. D. C. North America in mountain woods, north of Smoking River.
syst. 1. p. 288.) leaves smoothish, radical ones on very long Recurved-styled Crowfoot. Fl. May. Clt.? PI. 1} foot.
stalks, bipinnate; stem erect, dichotomous ; calyx reflexed. 143 R. PENNSYLVA'NICUS (Lin. suppl. 272.) stem erect,
2. F. Native of Mexico. Flowers like those of R. bulbòsus. branched, covered with stiff spreading hairs, as well as the
Carpels terminated by straight points. Radical leaves longer petioles ; leaves on long stalks, ternate, villous, with stalked,
than the flowering stem.
acutely 3-lobed, and deeply serrate segments; calyx spreading
Dichotomous-stemmed Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
at length, reflexed, longer than the petals; carpels with straight
138 R. Pe'rsicus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 288.) leaves smooth, ra- points. 2. H. Native of North America in low, moist,
dical ones stalked, pinnate, with 3-lobed segments : lobes ovate, gravelly meadows, from Canada to Pennsylvania, and from the
cuneated at the base, and regularly toothed at the apex ; stem
shores of Hudson's Bay to the Pacific. R. Canadensis, Jacq.
leaves ternate, uppermost ones 3-parted, rather pubescent ; stem misc. 2. p. 343. icon. rar. 1. t. 105. Flowers the size of those
erect, dichotomous, clothed with close-pressed pubescence; calyx of R. àcris.
spreading, villous on the outside. 2. H. Native of Persia. Pennsylvanian Crowfoot. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1785. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
Flowers about the size of those of R. repens, or a little larger. 144 Ř. FASCICULA'RIS (Muhl. in Big. fl. bost. ed. 2. p. 226.)
Persian Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
stem erect, branched ; leaves ternate, quinate, pinnate, covered
139 R. PLEBE'IUS (R. Br. prod. nov. holl. vol. 2. ined. D. C. with close-pressed hairs; leaflets oblong-obovate, or cuneated
syst. 1. p. 288.) stem erectish, dichotomous at the base, and is, pinnatifid-lobed ; calyx spreading, villous underneath, shorter
.
,
as well as the petioles, beset with spreading hairs, but smoothish than the petals ; carpels roundish, compressed, terminated by
towards the apex; leaves ternate, villous, with stalked, ovate, long recurved beaks, disposed in round heads. 2. H. Native
deeply toothed segments ; upper leaves linear, entire ; calyx of North America in dry places and hills about Boston, and from
somewhat reflexed. 2. F. Native of New Holland at Hunters- Canada to the south of Lake Winepeg. Roots numerous, fas-
river, Hawkesbury. Carpels compressed, smooth, terminated cicled, rather fleshy.
by somewhat hooked points.
Fascicled-rooted Crowfoot.Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Pl. foot.
言
​Plebeian Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl. 13 foot. 145 R. SCHLECHTENDA'LII (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 21.
140 R. HIRTUS (Banks and Sol. MSS. D. C. syst. 1. p. 289.) Graham in edinb. phil. jour. for 1829.) radical leaves stalked,
stem erect, dichotomous ; petioles and peduncles very hairy; 3-parted, cut, pilose; segments wedge-shaped, fringed, with a
cauline leaves stalked, lower ones ternate, with stalked ovate- callose point at the apex; stem leaves stalked, with ovate-lan-
toothed segments; middle segment 3-lobed; upper leaves oval- ceolate entire pilose segments; stem erect, branched, pilose ;
oblong; calyx somewhat reflexed. 2. H. Native of New çarpels smooth, with rather straight beaks, collected into a glo-
Zealand in grassy places near Tigadus, Tolago, Opuragi, and bular head. 4. H. Native of North America on the Rocky

RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
39
Mountains. R. fasciculàris, Schlecht. anim. ran. sect. 2. p. 30. p. 47.) stem erect, 1-3-flowered, very villous as well as the
t. 2. Stem hollow, flattened. Radical leaves 3-parted, with the petioles ; leaves villous, trifid, or 3-parted, with ovate-toothed
middle lobe trifid and the lateral ones 2-cleft, and cut again into lobes ; calyx reflexed; petals 10, oblong-linear. 4. F. Native
2-3 minor lobes. Calyx hairy, reflexed.
of Mexico in the mountains. Habit of Gèum montànum, Petals
Schlechtendal's Crowfoot. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. Pl. 3 ft. twice as long as calyx. Hairs of the stem spreading, those of the
.
146 R. BE'CKII; leaves all radical, pubescent, stalked, 3-5- leaves closely pressed.
cut; scape villous, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves; calyx Geum-like Crowfoot. Pl. foot.
1 / 2
permanent; petals oblong-ovate. 2. H. Native of Missouri 154 R. SIBBALDIOÌDES (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec. amer.
in plains. R. nov. spe. Beck in amer. jour, scienc, vol. 12. April, 5. p. 48.) stem almost naked, 1-flowered ; leaves pilose, pinnate,
1828.
with ovate-toothed segments; terminal segment 3-lobed; floral
Beck's Crowfoot. Pl. I foot.
leaves pinnatifid; calyx spreading, shorter than the oblong
147 R. Belvìsi (D. C. syst. 1. p. 291.) stem erect, branched, petals. 4. F. Native of South America on the high moun-
furnished with a few spreading hairs as well as the petioles ; leaves tain of Quindiu or Antisana. A very dwarf herb, with the habit
smooth, ternate, with 3-lobed segments; lobes oblong acutely- of Sibbáldia procumbens. Radical leaves crowded, dark green.
cut at the apex; calyx smooth, spreading, shorter than the Carpels ovate, rather compressed, terminated by short straight
petals. 4. H. Native of North America. Flowers a little points.
smaller than those of R. àcris. Carpels compressed, even, ter- Sibbaldia-like Crowfoot. Pl. foot.
1 / 2
minated by short straight points.
155 R. DELPHINIFO'LIUS (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec.
Belvis's Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1] foot.
amer. 5. p. 48.) stems erect, few-flowered, hairy ; leaves ternate;
148 R. MARYLA'NDICUS (Poir. dict. 6. p. 126.) stem erect, lateral segments bifid, middle one 3-parted, with deeply-serrat-
a little branched, clothed with soft hairs at the base as well as ed bifid or trifid lacinia and lanceolate lobes ; calyx pilose, re-
the petioles, and with close-pressed pubescence at the top; leaves flexed; petals 15. 2. F. Native of Mexico on the mountains
smoothish, ternate, with 3-lobed segments, and oblong acute at the height of 5000 feet.
deeply toothed lobes ; calyx smooth, spreading shorter than the Larkspur-leaved Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
petals. 4. H. Native of North America in shady woods, 156 R. PEDUNCULA'RIS (Smith in Rees' cyclop. no. 49.) leaves
Maryland, Pennsylvania to Virginia. Root fibrous, fascicled. smoothish; radical ones stalked, ternate, with 3-lobed segments,
Stem 2-3-flowered. Flowers pale yellow, a little larger than which are acutely cut at the apex; cauline leaves 1 or 2, linear
those of R. àcris. Carpels compressed, with straight points. or trifid; stem erect, 1-leaved, 1 or 2-flowered; calyx at length
Maryland Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1811. Pl. 1 foot. reflexed ; petals 8-10, oblong. 4. H. Native of the Straits of
,
149 R. Nitidus (Muhl. cat. Elliott. carol. 2. p. 61.) plant Magellan on the borders of woods, at a place called Fresh-water
smoothish ; radical leaves on long stalks, ternate ; leaflets stalk- Bay or Baye Duclos. Habit of R. bulbòsus. Carpels globose,
ed, profoundly trifid or 3-parted; lobes broad-lanceolate trifid even, with hooked points. Stem more or less hairy.
cut; lobes of the cauline leaves almost linear, entire, or trifid ; Peduncled-flowered Crowfoot. Fl. Dec.
Fl. Dec. Pl. 1 foot.
calyx spreading, at length reflexed, rather hairy ; carpels orbi- 157 R. GRANDIFLO'RUS (Lin. spec. 781.) leaves rather villous,
cular, compressed, marginate, terminated by short points. 4. H. radical ones stalked, ternate, with unequally jagged segments;
Native of North America on the lower plains of Columbia ; stem-leaves linear or divided into linear lobes; stem erect,
Canada ; Lower Carolina, &c. R. septentrionalis, Poir. dict. 6. villous, few-flowered ; calyx reflexed. 2. H. Native of Cap-
p. 123. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 395. R. Caroliniànus, D. C. padocia and about Constantinople.
padocia and about Constantinople. Desf. Choix. 57. t. 44.
syst. 1. p. 292. R. híspidus, var. Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 321. . Flowers larger than those of R. bulbòsus.
R. lanuginosus, var. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 394.
Great-flowered Crowfoot. Fl. May. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 to 1 ft.
Shining Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 158 R. PALU'STRIS (Lin. MSS. Smith in Rees' cyclop. no. 52.)
150 R. TOMENTO'sus (Poir. dict. 6. p. 127.) stem ascending, leaves rather hairy, stalked, cleft in 3 beyond the middle, with
very villous, 1-2-flowered ; leaves stalked, downy, ternate, upper blunt recesses and ovate-cut toothed lobes ; stem erect, branched,
ones sessile, ovate, entire ; calyx very villous, somewhat reflexed. almost naked; carpels even, terminated by straight short points.
4. H. Native of Upper Carolina. R. lanuginosus, Pursh. ex. 4. H. Root a little like that of R. bulbòsus.
Lamb. herb. Like R. pubéscens and R. Marylandicus. Roots Var. a, orientalis (D. C. syst. 1. p. 294.) stem trichotomous ;
fibrous, fascicled. Flowers yellowish-white; petals a little radical leaves on short stalks. 4. H. Native of the Levant.
longer than the calyx.
R. orientális, palústris, apii folio, &c. Tour. cor. 20. Stems
Downy Crowfoot. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. I foot.
1 / 2
nunerous.
151 Ř. PRÆMÒRsus (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec. amer. Var. B, Córsicus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 295.) stems dichotomous ;
. .
5. p. 47.) stem erect, usually 2-flowered, villous as well as the radical leaves on very long stalks. 2. H. Native of Corsica.
petioles ; leaves ternate, with bluntly and deeply-toothed seg- R. Corsicus, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 637. Herb dark green; style
ments, lateral ones bifid, middle ones trifid, stalked; calyx re- hardly hooked.
flexed ; petals 10 to 15, wedge-shaped. 2. H. Native of South Marsh Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
America on mount Antisana. Like R. Marylandicus in habit, 159 R. CYMBALARIFO'LIUS (Balb. in Mor. 1. p. 2.) root
but differing in having 10 to 15 petals. Carpels with short straight fascicled ; leaves rather hairy, radical ones on long stalks, orbi-
points.
cular 3-lobed: lobes coarsely-crenate, cauline leaves trifid and
Præmorse-rooted Crowfoot. Pl. foot.
1 / 1
simple ; stem branched dichotomous, rather naked, filiform ;
152 R. BONPLANDIA'NUS (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec. sepals reflexed ; carpels smooth, hooked. 2. H. Native of
amer. 5. p. 46.) stems erect, 2-3-flowered, rather hairy; leaves the island of Sardinia in rivulets.
trifid, 3-parted and ternate, upper surface smooth, under surface Cymbalaria-leaved Crowfoot. Pl. foot.
1 /
pilose-pubescent, with crenate-serrated 2-3-lobed segments; 160 R. ORTHORY'NCHUS (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 21. t. 9.)
calyx hairy, reflexed ; petals 10 to 12, rounded at the apex. 4. plant beset with adpressed hairs; stem erect, slender, branched,
H. Native of New Granada at the height of 3000 feet.
and rather leafy ; radical leaves stalked, ternate ; leaflets linear-
Bonpland's Crowfoot. Pl. ż to 1 foot.
multifid, with white callose tips ; calyx reflexed ; styles straight,
153 R. GEOÌDES (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. longer than the carpels, which are broadly semi-ovate, com-
1
.

40
RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
Var.
pressed, and marginate. 2. H. Native of North America, 163 R. LACINIA TUS (Baugm. enum. str. trans. 2. p. 131.
not unfrequent on the low points of land near rivers on the north. Schlecht. anim. 2. p. 36.) stem erect, silky-villous as well as
west coast. This species comes very near to R. dichotomus, the leaves, which are ternate-3-parted ; segments trifid, linear,
D. C. and R. fascicularis, Muhl.
toothed; peduncles elongated, filiform, densely pilose; calyx
Hard-beaked-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1826. Pl.1 ft. spreading ; carpels muricated and mucronate. O. H. Native
161 R. BULBO'sus (Lin. spec. 778.) radical leaves stalked, of Trannsylvania on dry mountains.
ternate or quinate-pinnate, with trifid or quinquifid deeply- Jagged-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1828. Pl. 1 ft.
toothed 3-lobed segments; middle segment stalked ; stem erect, 164 R. TUBERCULA'TUS (Kit. ex. Balb. cat. hort. taur. 1813.
bulbous at the neck; calyx reflexed ; petals obcordate. 4. H. p. 64.) leaves smooth, deeply multifid, with linear acute lobes ;
Native throughout Europe in pastures, meadows, grass-plats, stem erect, many-flowered ; carpels compressed, furnished with
and waste ground every where ; also in North America. Smith, very blunt tubercles at the sides. O. H. Native of Hungary,
eng. bot. 8. t. 515. Curt
. lond. fasc. 1. t. 38. Mart. rust. t. 28. Iberia, and north of Tauria in corn fields. Very like R. arvén-
Mill. illustr. t. 51. Fl. dan. t. 551. Plant more or less hairy. sis, but differing in the carpels being tubercled, not prickly.
This species though acrid is commonly eaten along with other Tubercled-carpelled Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 ft.
herbage, by domestic cattle. The root, which is said to be the 165 R. ARVE'NSIS (Lin, spec. 780.) leaves smooth, first ones
most acrid part of the plant, and which is said to raise blisters toothed at the apex ; radical ones 3-parted; cauline ones multi-
with less pain and more safety than Spanish flies; hence these fid, with linear lobes ; stem erect, many-flowered; carpels very
roots have been applied for that purpose, particularly to the prickly at the sides.
O. H.
Native throughout middle and
joints in cases of gout. According to Hoffman, beggars make south Europe in corn fields common; in North America about
use of them to blister their skin, with a view of exciting compas- Charlestown. Engl. bot. t. 135. Curt. lond. fasc. 6. t. 36.
sion. The juice of the herb is said to be more acrid than that Mart, rust. t. 56. Fl. dan. t. 219. R. echinatus, Crantz. aust. 2.
of R. sceleràtus, and if applied to the nostrils excites sneezing. p. 118. but not of Lin. This plant is very acrid and dangerous
The roots lose their stimulating quality by drying, and are even to cattle, though they are said to eat it greedily. M. Brugnon,
eatable when boiled. Hogs are fond of them, and frequently who has given a particular account of its qualities, relates that
dig them up. The flowers are vulgarly called butter-flower, three ounces of the juice killed a dog in 4 minutes. Several
butter-cups, king's-cups, gold-cups, and they are the cuckoo buds of sheep were killed by feeding on this herb near Turin, which first
yellow hue of Shakspeare. R. rèpens and R. àcris, however, are led to an investigation of the matter. Cholic, with inflammation
all confounded under these names by the vulgar.
of the stomach, were the symptoms, which were best removed
Var. B, múltiplex; flowers double. This, with the double by pouring vinegar down the animals' throats. Hence, like most
flowering R. àcris, is called in the gardens Double yellow Bache- vegetable poisons, this Crowfoot seems to act on the nerves, and
lor's buttons.
yet black spots were found in the sheep's stomachs.
7 bracteatus (Schleich. pl. helv, or brachiatus, Schleich. Var. B, orientalis echinatus, arvensis, crassiore fructu, Vaill.
cat.)
herb. The carpels of this variety are almost double the size of
Bulbous-rooted Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Britain. Pl. 3 to 2 ft. those of var. a, and the prickle much longer.
Corn-field Crowfoot. Fl. June, Aug. Britain. Pl. 1 foot.
Sect. V. -ECHINE'LLA (exivos, echinos, a hedge-hog; in 166 Ř. MURICA'Tus (Lin. spec. 780.) leaves smooth, stalked,
allusion to the prickly or tubercled carpels,) D. C. prod. 1. p. 41. somewhat orbicular, 3-lobed, and coarsely toothed ; stem rather
carpels scabrous, with tubercles or prickles (f.9. e.) Annual plants erect, or diffuse ; peduncles opposite the leaves; calyx spread-
with small yellow flowers.
ing ; carpels beset with prickly tubercles, each ending in a straight
acuminated horn. O. H. Native throughout the whole region
1. Leaves dissected.
of the Mediterranean, from Portugal to Tauria in low humid
162 R. PHILONÒTIS (Retz. obs. 6. p. 31.) leaves 3-lobed or places. A very variable plant, therefore many names have been
ternate, with deeply-toothed blunt lobes; middle lobe stalked ; given to it by authors. Smith, fl. græc. t. 522. Lam. ill. 498.
calyx reflexed; stem erect, many-flowered ; carpels bearing a Clus. hist. 233. f. 2.
row of small tubercles at the margin. C.H. Native of south Var. B, Creticus (D.C. prod. 1. p. 42.) stem erect.—Mor. hist.
and middle Europe in moist meadows and waste or cultivated 2. p. 440. sect. 4. t. 29. f. 24. Native of Crete.
ground that is liable to be overflowed by water ; also in North Var. Y, Carolinus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 42.) petals longer than
America in old meadow and low wet grounds, from New England the calyx. Native of Carolina and Virginia. R. muricatus,
to Pennsylvania. R. bulbòsus, var. B. Huds. 241. R. agrarius, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 321. R. echinatus, Vent. cels. t. 73.
All. auct. p. 27. R. sardòus, Crantz, austr. 2. p. 84. R. pallí- Var. d, Tucumánicus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 42.) carpels less acu-
dior, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 751. R. hirsùtus, Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. minated. Native of South America near the river Plate. R.
vol. 2. p. 268. Curt. lond. 2. t. 40. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1504. palustris echinatus. Fewill. obs. 3. p.
58. t. 18.
R. pallidus, Reiss. in Schrad. journ. bot. 1. p. 425. R. Palénsis, Var. ε, Brasiliànus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 42.) sheaths of petioles
Berg. A. bass. pyr. 2. p. 405.
405. Herb
Herb very variable in luxuri- dilated. Native of Brazil by the sea-side in humid places. R.
ance, of a paler hue than most of this genus, and clothed with ventricosus, Vent. cels. 73. Ř. muricàtus, St. Hil. fl. bras. p. 7.
fine silky spreading hairs. The name sardous, given by Jacquin, Muricated-carpelled Crowfoot. F1.Jul. Aug. Clt. 1683. Pl. Z ft.
on account of its being supposed to be the plant that caused the 167 R. chìus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 300.) leaves rather villous,
sardonic laugh.
cordate, orbicular, broadly toothed; stems erect, villous; pedi-
Var.ß, intermèdius (Poir, dict. 6. p. 116.) leaves almost with- cels opposite the leaves; calyx reflexed ; carpels tubercled, each
out hairs. O. H. Native in humid places. R. pumilus, Thuil. ending in an acuminated hooked horn. O. H. Native of the
fl. par. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 277, but not of Poir.
.
island of Scio. Root calyx, and petals like those of R. philonò-
Var. y, párvulus (Lin. mant. 76.) stem dwarfish, usually 1- tis. Leaves like those of R. parviflorus, and with the carpels of
flowered. O. H. Native in dry, stony, arid, exposed places. R. muricatus.
R. parviflòrus, Gouan. fl. monsp. 270.
Scio Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. Pl. foot.
Moisture-loving or Pale-hairy Crowfoot. Fl. June, Oct. Bri- 168 R. CORNUTUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 300.) leaves smooth,
tain. Pl. to 1 foot.
1
biternate; segments 3-lobed, with the lobes oblong-linear, acute;
.
-
,

RANUNCULACEÆ. XIV. RANUNCULUS.
41
pl. afr.
-
-
pedicels opposite the leaves; calyx reflexed ; carpels finely tu- moist meadows and bogs, particularly in France, about Montpelier,
bercled, each ending in a long acuminated horn. O.H. Native Portugal, Italy, &c. R. flámmula var. f. Bir. ren. p. 37. R.
of Syria. This species is intermediate between Ranúnculus and ophioglossoides, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1320. R. cordifòlius, Bast. fl.
Ceratocéphalus.
main. et loir. 207. R. Telonensis Robert. R. fistulosus, Brign.
Horned Crowfoot. Pl. I foot.
1 / 2
fasc. rar. pl. forogul 25. R. uliginosus, Tenore in litt. Carpels
169 R. PINNA'TUS (Poir. dict. 6. p. 126.) leaves villous, pin-
.
ovate, compressed.
nate; leaflets stalked, oblong, acute, somewhat pinnatifid ; pedi- Adders'-tongue-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1823. Pl. , ft.
1 /
cels opposite the leaves, calyx reflexed; carpels oval, finely 176 R. ULIGINO'sus (Willd. enum. 586.) leaves ovate and lan-
tubercled, mucronate with the short styles. 0. H. Native of the ceolate, serrated, smooth; stem ascending, fistulous ; peduncles
East Indies and the Cape of Good Hope. Root with blackish opposite the leaves ; petals length of calyx. 0. H. Native of
fibres. Stem branched, hispid.
Teneriffe. Very like R. flámmula and R. ophioglossifolius.
Var. a, Sonneratii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 42.) Native of India. Flowers as small as those of the abortivus. The immature fruit
R. parviflòrus, var. c. Bir. ren. 46.
has only been seen; they are disposed in a globose head, and
Var. B, Hermánni, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 42.) Native of Cape appear to be granularly-tubercled.
of Good Hope. R. Africanus pratensi hirsuto similis. Herm. cat. Bog Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1829. Pl. i foot.
p.
18.
177 R. NODIFLORUS (Lin. spec. 773.) radical leaves stalked,
Pinnate-leaved Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
oval-oblong; flowers sessile opposite the leaves ; carpels granu-
170 R. PARVIFLÒRus (Lin. spec. 780.) leaves villous, orbicular, larly-tubercled, scarcely beaked. ©. H. Native of France and
3-lobed, coarsely toothed or cut; stem decumbent, covered with Hungary, &c. in low places where the rain remains a considerable
soft hairs ; pedicels opposite the leaves; calyx a little reflexed, time. Carpels collected into a globose head.
equal in length to the petals ; carpels granular-tubercled. O. H. Var, a, dentàtus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 43.) leaves 3-nerved,
Native almost throughout Europe in low humid places; plentiful toothed at the apex, Native of Hungary. R. nodiflòrus. Walds.
in Britain. Smith. eng. bot. t. 120.-Ray. angl. 3. p. 248. t. 12. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 192. t. 176. R. nodiflòrus, var. B, Sims, bot.
f. 1.-Mor. hist. 2. p. 440. sect. 4. t. 28. f. 1. Hairy Crowfoot. mag. t. 2171. var. Y, sículus, &c. ---Petiv. gaz. 39. t. 24. f. 9.
Petiv. engl. herb. t. 38. f.g.
Knot-flowered Crowfoot. Clt. 1714. PI. , foot.
Var. B, acutílobus, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 42.) leaves deeply 3- 178 R. LATERIFLORUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 251.) leaves radical,
lobed; lobes cut at the apex; teeth acute. Native of Teneriffe. stalked, oval-oblong; flowers sessile, opposite the leaves or axil-
Var. y, eréctus, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 42.) stem erect ; leaves lary; carpels granularly-tubercled, beaked by the elongated
5-lobed or coarsely 5-toothed. Native of Syria.
styles. 0. H. Native of Syria. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 30.-
Small-flowered Crowfoot. Fl. May, Ju. Eng. Pl. trailing. Cuss. hort. cath. 185.
171 R. TRÍLOBUS (Desf. atl. 1. p. 437. t. 113.) leaves some- Lateral-flowered Crowfoot. Pl. foot.
. Å
what villous or smooth; first ones roundish, crenated, the rest
| Species not sufficiently known.
3-parted; lobes diverging, cuneated at the base, toothed at the
§ 1. Leaves entire.
apex ; stem erect; pedicels opposite the leaves; calyx at length
somewhat reflexed, shorter than the petals ; carpels granularly- 179 R. OBTUSIU´sculus (Raf. in journ. bot. 1808. vol. 1. p.
.
tubercled. 0. H. Native of the regions of Mediterranean,
225.) Native of North America, in marshes of New Jersey. Stem
Barbary, Cyprus, Greece, Naples, France, and of Teneriffe. erect, simple ; leaves stalked, lanceolate, bluntish ; flowers few,
R. parviflòrus, var. b, Bir. ren. 46. R. Rosàni Tenore. prod.
terminal.
This species is allied on the one hand to R. parviflorus
Bluntish-leaved Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
and on the other to R. philonòtis.
§ 2. Leaves multifid.
Three-lobed-leaved Crowfoot. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. I ft. 180 R. DE'BILIS (Raf. in journ. bot. 1808. vol. 1. p. 225.)
172 R. CORDÍGERUS (Viv. app. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Linnæa 1. Native of Pennsylvania near German-town. Stem weak ; leaves
p. 502.) plant clothed with silky hairs ; radical leaves cordate, few, bifid, cut, serrated, on long half-jointed stalks ; flowers ter-
roundish-ovate, crenate-toothed, entire, or 3-lobed, stem ones minal, solitary.
cut or quite entire ; stem usually 2-flowered, or with radical, Weak Crowfoot, Pl. procumbent.
naked, 1-flowered peduncles; calyx reflexed; carpels tubercled. 181 R. FORSKE'HLII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 303.) R. multífidus,
O. H. Native of Corsica.
Forsk. fl. ægyp. 102. R. chærophyllos, Var. a. Bir. ren. 42.
Heart-bearing Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
Native of Arabia. Leaves multifid, lower ones pinnately jagged.
173 R. SESSILIFLÓRUS (R. Br. prod. A. holl. vol. 2. ined. Stem 2 feet high, erect, many-flowered, round at the base, striated
D. C. syst. 1. p. 302.) leaves rather villous, kidney-shaped, 3- at the apex, pilose; calyx equal in length to the corolla.
parted or coarsely toothed; stems procumbent; flowers sessile, Forslöhl's Crowfoot. Pl. 2 feet.
opposite the leaves ; carpels granularly-tubercled. O. H. Na- 182 R. CANTONE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 43.) Native of
tive of New Holland about Port Jackson. The disposition of China near Canton. Hecatònia pilòsa, Lour. coch. 371. D. C.
the flowers is very near to that of R. nodiflòrus.
syst. 1. p. 228.
228. Stem erect, branched, pilose ; leaves pilose,
Sessile-flowered Crowfoot. Fl. June, July. Pl. prostrate. ternate, lanceolate, serrated; flowers terminal, solitary; carpels
174 R. Verrucòsus (Sternb. in gaz. bot. ratisb. 1826.) leaves acuminated, collected into a globose head. (Lour.)
villous, stalked, ternate ; segments trifid, acutely and deeply Canton Crowfoot. Pl. 2 feet.
toothed, all stalked ; stem erect, villous; root bulbous; calyx 183 R. LAGASCA'NUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 43.) Native of Spain.
reflexed ; carpels tubercled. 4. H.
21. H. Native about Trieste.
R. pubescens. Lag. cat. hort. madr. p. 19. Plant hairy; pe-
Warted-fruited Crowfoot. Pl. 1 foot.
duncles elongated, 1-flowered; calyx pilose, reflexed ; leaves
§ 2. Leaves entire.
3-parted, 3-lobed, crenated, upper ones lanceolate, quite entire.
(Lag.)
175 R. OPHIOGLOSSIFÒLIUS (Vill. dauph. 4. p. 732. t. 49.) Lagasca's Crowfoot. Pl.?
lower leaves stalked, cordate, obtuse, upper ones oblong, sessile; 184 R. HORNEMA'NNI (Schlecht. anim. 2. p. 36.) Native of
stem erect, fistulous; peduncles opposite the leaves; carpels gra- North America. R. tuberosus, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 527.
nularly-tubercled. O. H. Native of the south of Europe in Calyx reflexed, pilose; peduncles furrowed ; leaves triternate;
G
A. neap.
ܪ
VOL. 1.-PART I.

42
RANUNCULACEÆ. XV. CASALEA. XVI. APHANOSTEMMA.
.
leaflets 3-lobed, hairy; root tuberous ? bulbous ? Very like R. petals elliptical-lanceolate ; stamens 5-6; heads of carpels glo-
philonòtis.
bose. O. H. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Grande
Hornemann's Crowfoot. Pl. 14 foot.
do Sul in humid places and rivulets. Petals and sepals whitish.
185 R. OBTUSIFÒLIUS (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 528. Schlecht. Var.B, minor (St. Hil. fl.bras. 1. p.10.) stem much smaller, erect;
anim. 2. p. 36.) Native of Spain. Very like R. lanuginosus, leaves smaller, crenate-angular, or slightly or coarsely crenated;
but the lobes of the leaves are blunt.
radical ones more orbicular than the rest ; flowers yellow. O.H.
Blunt-leaved Crowfoot. Pl. ?
Native of Brazil and Buenos Ayres in marshes. Ranúnculus
Cult. The species belonging to section Batrachium require Bonariensis, Poir. dict. 6. p. 102. Deless. icon. sel. 1. p. 29.
to be grown in water : those belonging to sections Ranuncu- D. C. syst. 1. p. 250. R. cochleariæfòlius, Horn. cat. hort.
làstrum and Thòra will grow in any common garden soil, hafn.
either in a moist or dry situation, and being all grumose-rooted Ficaria-leaved Casalea. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. i to 1 ft.
plants, they should be increased by offsets from the roots, or by 4 C. ASCE'NDENS (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 11. t. 1.) plant quite
seeds; those belonging to section Hecatònia, being all fibrous- smooth ; stems ascending, slender ; leaves stalked, radical ones cor-
rooted plants, should be increased by dividing the plants at the date-roundish; coarsely crenate, stem ones cordate, crenated, up-
root or by seeds; they will thrive very well in any kind of soil, per ones rather obovate, or somewhat obovate 3-lobed, uppermost
but a moist situation suits most of them best, and some of them ones very small, usually linear ; petals obovate-oblong; stamens
will grow in water, such as R. biternàtus, flammula, língua, &c. usually 4 ; heads of carpels cylindrically-oblong. O. H. Native
;
and those belonging to section Echinélla, being all trifling annual of Brazil near Monte Video in marshes. Ranúnculus cordifolius,
plants, only require to be sown in the open ground; they will
they will Spreng. syst. app. p. 218. Flowers white ; sepals longer than
thrive in any kind of soil, either in a wet or dry situation. The
the petals.
species most worth the cultivator's care are the following: R. ru- Ascending Casalea. Fl. Nov. Pl. a to į foot.
tæfòlus, isopyrożdes, glacialis,alpestris, aconitifolius, platanifolius. 5 C. FLAGELLIFO'RMIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 11.) plant
Pyrenæus, amplexicaúlis, parnassifolius, gramineus, gracilis, fu- quite smooth ; stem creeping, rooting; leaves rather orbicular, ,
mariæfòlius, Illyricus, Asiaticus, àcris var. flore-plèno, repens cordate at the base, obsoletely angular; flowers minute; stamens
var. flore-plèno, Krapfia, and macropétalus, &c. In the cultiva- usually 5; heads of carpels globose. 0.H. Native of Brazil
tion of all, the situations where each grow naturally should be in the provinces of Minas Geraes and St. Paul in marshes, as well
consulted.
as of Chili and Peru. Ranúnculus flagelliformis, Smith in
Rees' cyclop. no. 13. D. C. syst. 1. p. 251. R. hydrocótile,
XV. CASA'LEA (in honour of Abbate Manuel Ayres de Domb. ined. R. reniformis, Lamb. herb. Flowers white ; petals
;
Casal, who in his Corographia Brasiliana mentions many plants.) very minute, usually 2.
St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 8.
Var. B, lutéscens (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 12.) leaves less cor-
LIN. Syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Calyx of 3-coloured, date ; calyx and corolla yellowish. O. H. Native of Brazil in
petal-like sepals. Petals 3, sometimes only 1 or 2 from abortion, the province of Rio Grande do Sul. in bogs.
usually shorter than the sepals, unguiculate, each furnished with Whip-formed Casalea. Fl. Sept. March. Pl. creeping.
a fleshy orbicular scale on the inside at the base. Stamens 4-18, Cult. Casalea is a genus of trifling annual plants not worth
but generally 6. Carpels numerous, compressed, smooth, each cultivating, except in the gardens of the curious. They only re-
ending in a point, disposed in hemispherical or globular heads. quire
quire to be sown in the open ground about the middle of April,
Small, smooth, marsh herbs, with fibrous roots and erect or in a moist warm situation, however many
of them will grow in a
decumbent rooting stems. Leaves entire or parted. Peduncles dry situation.
1-flowered opposite the leaves. Flowers small, white, or yellow.
1 C. SESSILIFLÒRA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 9.) stems prostrate,
XVI. APHANOSTE'MMA (a, priv.; palvw, phaino, to ap-
hairy ; leaves 3-parted, cut, pilose, ciliated, radical ones stalked, pear, otɛupa, stemma, a crown, in allusion to the small petals.)
rather orbicular, upper ones almost sessile, somewhat triangular, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 13.
truncately-cuneated at the base ; flowers sessile ; stamens 5-6.
Polyandria, Polygynia. Calyx of 5, coloured,
O. H. Native of Brazil in marshes in the province of Cis Pla- petal-like deciduous sepals. Petals 5, scarcely manifest, distant,
tine. Flowers yellowish ; petals white at the base.
orbicular, somewhat bilabiate, in the form of glands, unguiculate,
Sessile-flowered Casalea. Fl. Nov. Pl.
Fl. Nov. Pl. prostrate.
with a nectariferous hollow at the base of each, deciduous. Sta-
2 C. PHYTEUMÆFÒLIA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 9.) stem erect; mens and ovaries indefinite. Stigmas minute. Carpels rather
leaves stalked, radical ones usually cordate, lower stem ones orbicular, compressed, somewhat marginate, collected into a small
ovate, middle ones oblong-rhomboid, uppermost ones almost ovate head. A smooth herb, with lobed multifid leaves. Pe-
linear acute ; fruit bearing peduncles erectish; stamens usually duncles opposite the leaves.
duncles opposite the leaves. Corolla valvate in the bud.
12; heads of carpels ovate. 0. H. Native of Brazil in marshes 1 A. APIIFOLIUM (St. Hil. l. c.) O. H. Native of Brazil
in the province of Minas Geraes. Ranúnculus phyteumæfòlius, near Monte Video, as well as of Buenos Ayres in marshes. Ra-
Spreng. syst. app. 218. Sepals white, a little shorter than the núnculus apiifolius, Pers. ench. 2. p. 105. Deless. icon. sel. 1.
petals, which are also white.
t. 26. Stem glaucous, branched, but sometimes almost simple,
Var. B, Bonariénsis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 10.) flowers a little with corymbose branched panicles. Leaves almost cordate, or-
larger than in the species ; stem more branched ; leaves all bicular, obtuse, divided into 5-6 lobes beyond the middle ; lobes
toothed, radical ones a little smaller; stamens 5-12. O. H. usually trifid, middle one profoundly 5-cleft or trifid ; segments
Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul, in marshes, and of more or less toothed, bluntish; upper leaves almost sessile 3-
Buenos Ayres. Ranúnculus Bonariensis. Pers. ench. 1. p. 103. parted, with linear, narrow acute, quite entire segments, upper-
C. heterophyllus, Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 12. Flowers white. most leaves sessile, linear, narrow, with two membranous auricles
Phyteuma-leaved Casalea. Fl. Sep. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
at the base of each. Sepals obtuse, white, or reddish. Petals
3 C. FICARIÆFO'LIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 10.) plant quite much smaller than the stamens.
smooth; stem rather decumbent ; leaves cordate, angular, quite Parsley-leaved Aphanostemma. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
blunt, upper ones rather truncate at their base, orbicularly-trian- Cult. The seeds of this plant may be sown in a pot of earth
gular or ovate ; fruit bearing peduncles spreading; flowers small; and placed in a hot-bed, taking care to keep it moist, and when
a
LIN. SYST.
a
а.

RANUNCULACEÆ. XVII. FICARIA. XVIII. Caltha.
43
m
ed;
the plants are of sufficient size they may be planted out in a Sect. I. PSYCHROPHILA (tuxpos, psychros, cold, and qilaw,
moist or boggy situation, where they will probably ripen their phileo, to love ; inhabitants of cold countries,) D. C. syst. 1. p.
seeds.
307. prod. 1. p. 44. Calyx permanent. Scapes 1-flowered.
Radical leaves halbert-shaped, with the appendages rising up-
XVII. FICA'RIA (from ficus, a fig, so named, because the wards.
grumose roots bear tubercles resembling little figs,) Dill. nov. 1 C. APPENDICULA'TA (Pers.
FIG. 10.
gen. p. 108. t. 5. D. C. syst. 1. p. 304. prod. 44.
ench. 2. p. 107.) scape 1-flowered,
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Calyx of 3-sepals, soon very short; leaves trifid; wedge-
falling off. Petals 9, foveolate on the inside at the base. Sta- shaped ; sepals 5; pistils 8. 4.
mens and ovaries numerous. Carpels smooth, compressed, blunt.
H. W. Native on humid moun-
Smooth perennial herbs with yellow flowers. Petals 8 to 12. tains in the Straits of Magellan,
1 F. RANUNCULOÌDES (Moench. meth. 215.) roots grumose; and on subalpine hills in Terra
stem leafy ; leaves cordate ; sepals 3. 4. H. Native through- del Fuego. C. paradoxa, Sol.
out the whole of Europe, in meadows, bushy places, and about mss. Forst. Lin. soc. trans. 8. p.
hedge banks. Plentiful in Britain. Ranúnculus Ficària, Lin. spec.
34. Two lateral lobes of leaves
774. Smith, engl. bot. t. 584. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 39. Mart. elevated in the form of appendages.
rust. t. 21. Fl. dan. 499. F. vérna, Huds. 244. D. C. syst. 1. Scapes length of leaves. Sepals
p. 304. Flowers golden yellow. The young leaves of this plant, oblong-lanceolate marcescent (f.
according to Linnæus, are sometimes used as greens in Sweden. 10.)
The particular form of the roots probably recommended this Appendiculate-leaved Marsh
plant as a cure for the piles, hence its English name Pilewort. Marigold. Pl. foot.
These roots or tubercles lie near the surface, and are sometimes 2 C. SAGITTATA (Cav. icon. 5. no. 456. t. 414.) scape 1-
laid bare by the rains, and in this state have induced the ignorant, flowered ; leaves halbert-shaped, auricled ; auricles inflexed;
under the influence of superstition, to fancy that it rained wheat, sepals 9-10; pistils 25. 4. F. W. Native at Port Egmont, in
which the tubercles somewhat resemble. The plant is injurious one of the Falkland islands, and in rivulets at Success Bay in
in moist grass lands, but is effectually destroyed by a dressing South America. C. multicapsulàris, Sol. mss. Forst. Lin.
of coal or wood ashes. We usually find the flower closed from soc. trans. 8. p. 324. Flowers yellow. Stamens one-half shorter
five in the evening to nine in the morning, and in wet weather. than the ovate blunt sepals.
Var. B, multiplex; flowers double yellow.
Halbert-leaved Marsh Marigold. Pl. 1 foot.
Crowfoot-like Pile-wort or Lesser Celandine. Fl. April. Bri- 3 C. KAMTSCHA’TICA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 666.) scape 1-flower-
tain. Pl. A to Z foot.
leaves ovate, quite entire, somewhat 3-nerved ; outer sepals
2 F. GLACIA'LIS (Fisch. in litt. icon.) roots fibrous, fascicled ; 5, inner ones deciduous ; carpels 1-seeded. 2. H. Native of
leaves ovate; scapes naked, l-flowered ; sepals 5.
Kamtschatka. R. Kamchaticus, D. C. syst. 1. p. 43. prod. 1.
Native of Dauria on the top of Mount Tchockondo. Cáltha p. 48. Flowers yellow. Perhaps Ficària glaciālis will prove
glaciàlis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 660. Stamens and ovaries nume- to be a species of Caltha.
rous, about the length of the calyx. Fruit unknown. Having Kamtschatka Marsh Marigold. Pl. | foot.
the petals
of Ficaria, but differing in the calyx being of 5 leaves.
Habit of Caltha appendiculàta, D. C. syst. 1. p. 305.
Icy Pilewort. Fl. April? Pl. foot.
Sect. II. POPULA'GO (from populus, the poplar-tree, in allu-
Cúlt. Ficaria will thrive well in any common garden soil, and sion to the species growing in humid places among poplar-trees,
will succeed best under the shade of trees. The double variety or perhaps from the shape of the leaves, which they some-
of F. Ranunculoìdes is a very desirable plant. They are easily what resemble.) Tourn. inst. 273. t. 145. D. C. syst. 1. p. 308.
increased by separating the tubers of the roots in the autumn. prod. 1. p. 44.—Cáltha, Lin. gen. no. 703. Calyx deciduous.
Stems leafy. Leaves cordate or kidney-shaped, with the auricles
Tribe IV.
not inflexed.
HELLEBOREÆ (plants agreeing with Helleborus) D. C. 4 C. PALUSTRIS (Lin. spec. 784.) stem erect; leaves cordate,
syst. 1. p. 306. prod. 1. p. 44. Calyx and corolla imbri- somewhat orbicular, roundly-crenate, with rounded auricles.
cated in the bud (f. 14. a.) Petals sometimes wanting (f. 10. a.) 2. H. W. Native almost throughout the whole of Europe, as
sometimes irregular, bilabiate, nectariferous (f. 11. e. f. 12. b.) well as of Western Asia and North America, in marshy meadows,
Calyx of 5 petal-like sepals (f. 11. b. f. 12. a.) Carpels capsular, and about the margins of ponds, rivers, and brooks. Fl. dan.
opening on the inside (f. 11. c. f. 12. c.) many-seeded.
668. Smith, engl. bot. 506. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 40. Stems
dichotomous ; peduncles furrowed. Flowers large golden-co-
XVIII. CA’LTHA (a syncope of kala Jos, kalathos, a goblet, loured, and if gathered before they expand are said to be a good
in allusion to the form of the corolla, which may be likened to a substitute for capers. The juice of the petals boiled with alum
golden cup.) Pers. ench. 2. p. 107. D. C. syst. 1. p. 306. prod.
306. prod. stains paper yellow.
stains paper yellow. Cows will not eat it, unless compelled by
1. p. 44.
extreme hunger; it is therefore a vulgar notion wholly unfounded,
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Calyx coloured, of 5 or- that the yellowness of butter in the spring is caused by this
bicular petal-like sepals (f. 10. a.) Petals wanting ; stamens plant. Boerhaave says, that when kine eat the plant it occasions
numerous (f. 10. 6.) Ovaries 5 to 10. Capsules 5 to 10 com- such an inflammation, that they generally die.
pressed, spreading, 1-celled, many-seeded. Herbs perennial, Var. B, multiplex ; flowers double. 4. H. W. Cultivated
very smooth, somewhat acrid. Flowers golden coloured, and in gardens.
their juice gives a yellow colour to butter. C. nàtans has white Var. y, minor (Mill. dict. no. 2.) stem generally 1-flowered,
flowers.
ascending. 4. H. Native of the north of England and Scot-
The English name of the genus Marsh Marigold is given to land on the tops of mountains, in marshy places. This plant in
it because the species inhabit humid places, and in the flowers a wild state does not exceed in size the Ficària ranunculoides,
resembling those of the Marigold.
but when cultivated it grows to the size of C. radècans, bearing
4. H.
-
G2

RANUNCULACEÆ. XVIII. CALTHA. XIX. Trollius,
,
-
two or three flowers on each stem. C. Ficaroides, Don, in Hed. Two-flowered Marsh Marigold. Pl. I foot.
stat. Forf. appendix.
13 C. FLABELLIFOʻLIA (Pursh. A. amer. sept. 2. p. 390. t. 17.)
p
Common Marsh Marigold. Fl. March, April. B. in May. stem procumbent, many-flowered ; leaves dilated, kidney-shaped,
Britain. Pl. a, 1 foot, y,
. 1 foot, y, 1 foot.
with very spreading sharply-toothed lobes; sepals obovate ; cap-
5 C. RIPA'RIA ; leaves broad-kidney-shaped sharply crenate- sules terminated by hooked points. 4. H. W. Native of Penn-
toothed ; auricles or lobes rounded, distant, coarsely-toothed; sylvania in a large sand spring on Pokono-mountain. Flowers
stem erect, many-flowered. 2. H. W. Native of Britain in middle sized. Allied on one side to C. nàtans, and on the other
several places, particularly on the banks of the river Thames to C. radicans.
in marshes. Plant large,
Plant large, pale green. This plant appears Fan-leaved Marsh Marigold. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. PI.
to be the type of the Double-flowered Caltha, cultivated in procumbent.
gardens.
14 C. ARCTICA (Br. Br. in app. to capt. Parry's voy. p. 265.)
River Marsh Marigold. Fl. Ap. May. Britain. Pl. 1] foot. stem creeping ; leaves kidney-shaped, repand-crenate, obtuse;
6 C. RADICANS (Forst. in trans. Lin. soc. 8. p. 321. t. 17.) capsules 12-16, imbricate, with recurved beaks ; anthers linear,
stem creeping; leaves triangular, somewhat cordate, sharply 20 or more. 4. H. M. Native of Melville Island and along
crenate. 2. H. Native of Scotland by the sides of lakes and the coast of the Arctic Sea, from long. 107° to 150°. Flowers
rivulets, near Forfar; about the Pentland hills and in Roslin white.
woods; more common in some spots near Edinburgh than C. Arctic Marsh Marigold. Pl. 1 foot.
palústris; in marshes near Collace, Perthshire. Smith, engl. 15 C. NA'TANS (Pall. itin. ed. min. 3. p. 248.) stem floating ;
bot. 2175.
leaves cordate, kidney-shaped, with the lobes rather approximate,
Rooting Marsh Marigold. Fl. May, Ju. Scotland. Pl. , foot.
1 / 2 obsoletely crenate behind, and toothed in front; sepals oval;
7 C. HIMALE'NSIS (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 195.) stem as- capsules terminated by straight beaks. 4. H. W. Native in
cending, dichotomous; branches 2-flowered ; leaves sagittate- the most eastern parts of Siberia, and about the town of Irkousk,
cordate, on long stalks, crenate, with a wide recess at the base ; floating in stagnant water; North America on the surface of
lobes toothed, somewhat truncate; sepals 6, ovate.
2. H. W.
deep spagnous bogs in the woody central districts, from Canada
Native of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan in overflowed places. C. to lat. 60°.—Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 192. t. 82. Flowers white,
Emodòrum, Spreng. syst. app. p. 220. Flowers deep yellow. with a tinge of red. C. Baikalénsis Demidow.
Capsules elliptical, smooth, each with a long beak.
Floating Marsh Marigold. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816.
Clt. 1816. Pl.
Himmaleh Marsh Marigold. Fl. Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
į
floating.
8 C. INTEGE'RRIMA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 390.) stem Cult. Being all natives of marshes or shallow water, they
erect, corymbose ; leaves orbicular, cordate, quite entire, floral must be kept in a moist situation. C. natans requires to be
ones sessile, kidney-shaped, obsoletely crenate at the base ; sepals planted in a pond or water cistern. All are easily increased by
;
oval. 4. H. W. Native of North America in wet meadows dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds.
and small rivulets, from New England to Virginia. Flowers
smaller than those of C. palústris ; sepals subobovate, very
XIX. TROʻLLIUS (a name given to this plant by Conrad
blunt.
Gesner. It is derived from trol or trolen, an old German word
Very-entire-leaved Marsh Marigold. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 ft. signifying something round, in allusion to the form of the flowers,
9 C. ASARIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 309.) stem rather erect, whence also the English name Globe Flower.) Lin. gen. no.
1-flowered ; leaves cordate, kidney-shaped, crenate, with a broad 700. D. C. syst. 1. p. 311. prod. 1. p. 45.
.
recess; sepals 6 or 7, oval. 2. H. W. Native of the island of LIN. Syst. Polyándria Polygynia. Calyx of 5-10-15 deciduous.
Unalaschka and the Aleutian isles. Radical leaves stalked. petal-like coloured sepals. Petals 5 to 20, small, linear, flattened,
Very like C. palústris, but smaller.
unilabiate. Stamens and ovaries numerous. Capsules numerous,
A sarabacca-leaved Marsh Marigold. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1824. sessile, columnar, many-seeded. Smooth, perennial, upright,
Pl. foot.
slightly acrid herbs. Leaves deeply divided and cut. Referable
10 C. PARNASSIFO'lia (Raf. new york. med. rep. 2. p. 351. to Ranúnculus and Chrysánthemum in habit, but in character to
no. 28. and in journ. bot. 1808. 1. p. 229.) stem only bearing Helléborus.
one flower and one leaf; radical leaves stalked, lanceolate, cor- 1 T. EUROPÆ'us (Lin. spec. 782.) sepals about 15, converging
date, very blunt, many-nerved; sepals elliptical. 4. H. W. into a globe ; petals from 5-10, length of stamens ; leaves
Native of North America in shady cedar swamps of New Jersey divided into many deep, pinnatifid, cut lobes. 4. H. Native
and Carolina. R. ficarioides, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 389. almost throughout the whole of Europe in shady mountain,
Ranúnculus Ficària, Walt. fl. car. 159. Flowers deep yellow, rather moist situations. Not rare in Westmoreland, Cumber-
about the size of those of Ficaria.
land, Durham, Wales, and the Lowlands of Scotland. Smith,
Parnassia-leaved Marsh Marigold. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. engl. bot. t. 28. Fl. dan. 133. Lois. herb. amat. t. 69. T. altís-
Pl. 1 to 3 foot.
simus, Wend. flor. 1818. p. 578. Flowers bright yellow, rather
11 C. LEPTOSTA'CHYA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 310. Hook. f. bor. pale. The country people of Westmoreland, Scotland, and
amer. p. 22. t. 10.) stem bearing one leaf and 1-2-flowers ; radi- Sweden consider this as a sort of festival flower, going in parties
cal leaves stalked, ovate, cordate, crenate, many-nerved ; sepals to gather it for the decoration of their doors and apartments, as
10, linear or oblong. 4. H. W. Native of the western coast well as their persons.
of North America, at a place called Prince William's Sound, and Var. B, húmilis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 45.) plant smaller, only
in alpine swamps on the Rocky Mountains. Capsules 8 or 10, bearing one flower on each stem ; flower hardly raised above the
;
on very short stipes, pointed.
leaf. T. húmilis, Crantz. austr. 2. p. 124. exclusive of synon.
Slender-spiked Marsh Marigold. Pl. 1 foot.
of Buxb. T. mínimus, Wendl. 1. c. p. 579. 4. H. Native of
12 C. BIFLO'RA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 310.) stem bearing only one Austria.
leaf and 2-flowers; radical leaves stalked, kidney-shaped, cre- European Globe Flower. Fl. May, Ju. Britain. Pl. 11 to 2 ft.
nate, with a very broad recess; sepals oblong. 4. H. W. 2 T. LEDEBOU`RII (Rchb. icon. t. 272. ex. Spreng. syst. app.
Native on the western coast of North America on Banks's p. 220.) sepals 5-spreading ; petals 10-12, linear, longer than
Islands. Petioles dilated at the base into a membranous sheath, the stamens. 4. H. Native of Siberia.
a
a

RANUNCULACEÆ. XX. Eranthus. XXI. HELLEBORUS.
45
e
Ledebour's Globe Flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1829. Pl. 2 ft. upon the earth.) Sal. in Lin. soc. trans. 1807. vol. 8. p. 303.
3 T. EMARGINA'TUS; sepals numerous, converging into a D. C. syst. 1. p. 314. prod. 1. p. 46.-Kóllea Bir.-Robertia
globe; petals linear, emarginate, almost twice as long as the Merat,
stamens. 4. H. Native of? common in gardens. Flower Lin. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Involucrum situated un-
orange.
der the flower (f. 11. a.) cleft into many segments. Flower ses-
Emarginate-petalled Globe Flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? sile (f. 11. b.) Calyx of from 5 to 8, coloured petal-like, ob-
Pl. 11 to 2.feet.
long, deciduous sepals (f. 11. b.) Petals from 6 to 8, tubular,
4 T. NAPELLIFO‘LIUS (Rep. in flor. 1820. p. 105.) sepals 12, very short, with an unequally two-lipped mouth (f. 11. e.)
converging into a globe; petals from 5 to 10, length of stamens; Stamens from 20 to 30. Ovaries 5-6. Capsules on pedicels (f. 11.
styles recurved; leaves usually 7-parted. 4. H. Native of? c.) Seeds globose, disposed in a single row.—Pretty little tu-
T. mèdius, Wend. in flor. 1818. p. 579. Stems and branches berous rooted plants, with divided leaves, valuable for the early
straight or stems spreading, with recurved branches. Flowers period at which they flower.
golden-yellow.
The English name of the genus, Winter Aconite, is given to it
Napellus-leaved Globe Flower. Fl. May, Ju. Clt.? Pl. 2 ft. from its time of flowering, and from the leaves resembling those
5 T. Asia'ticus (Lin. spec. 782. exclusive of the synonyms of Aconite.
of Buxb. and Tourn.) sepals 10, spreading ; petals 10, longer
,
1 E. HYEMA'LIS (Sal. in Lin. soc.
FIG. 11.
than the stamens. 2. H. Native of Siberia in woods and
trans. 8. p. 303.) sepals from 6 to
meadows. About Barnaoul, and perhaps about Petersburgh. 8, oblong. 4. H. Native of
6
Curt. bot. mag. t. 225. Very like T. Europæus, but the stems France, Switzerland, Italy, Austria,
are usually 1-flowered. Flowers dark yellow.
in humid shady places, at the bot-
Asiatic Globe Flower. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1759. Pl. 1 to 1} ft. toms of mountains, on hills, and in
6 T. Caucaʼsicus (Stev. in mem. nat. mosc. 3. p. 265.) sepals groves. Helleborus hyemalis, Lin.
10, spreading; petals 10, shorter than the stamens. 4.H. Native
spec. 783. Jacq. aust. t. 202. Curt.
of the eastern parts of Caucasus on Alp. Schahdaghad. Like N. bot. mag. t. 3. Helleborus monán-
Asiáticus, but the petals are shorter than the stamens. Flowers thus. Moench. Flowers yellow.
yellow.
(f. 11.)
Caucasian Globe Flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 ft. Winter Aconite. Fl. Jan. Mar.
7 T. PA’Tulus (Sal. trans. Lin. soc. 8. p. 303.) sepals 5, Clt. 1596. Pl. foot.
spreading ; petals from 1 to 5, equal in length with the stamens. 2 E. SIBIÓRICUS (D. C. syst. 1.
2. H. Flowers golden-yellow.
4.
-
p. 315.) sepals 5, oval. 4. H.
Var. a, pedunculàtus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 46.) flower elevated Native of the eastern parts of Sibe-
considerably above the upper leaf. 4. H. Native of Siberia. ria, in moist places. Habit of E.
Var. B, subinvolucràtus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 313.) flower not hyemalis. Seeds globose, rather compressed. Flowers yellow.
elevated above the upper leaf. 4. H. Native of Cappadocia Siberian Winter Aconite. Fl. Mar. Ap. Clt. 1826. Pl. g ft.
on the highest mountains in places moistened by the melting of Cult. Winter Aconite is a well-known flower. Being a low
the snow.
Helleborus ranunculinus, Smith, icon. ined. 1. p. 37. growing plant, it is well adapted for the front of flower borders,
t. 37.-Buxb. cent. 1. p. 15. t. 22. Plant hardly the length of a where it will thrive in common garden soil; and it is increased
finger.
rapidly by offsets from the tubers.
Spreading-flowered Globe Flower. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800.
Pl. a 1, ß foot.
XXI. HELLE'BORUS (from élelv, helein, to cause death,
8 T. AMERICA'NUS (Muhl. and Gaissenh. in Donn. cat. hort. and Bopa, bora, food; poisonous qualities of plants). Adans.
cant.) sepals from 5-10-15, spreading ; petals from 5 to 20, fam. 458. Lin. gen. no. 702. Lam. ill. 499. D. C.
D. C. syst. 1.
retuse, shorter than the stamens. 4. H. Native of Pennsyl- p. 315. prod. 1. p. 46.
vania and New York, in shady wet places on the mountains, and Lin. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Calyx permanent of 5
in alpine rivulets on the eastern declivities of the Rocky Moun- roundish, obtuse, large sepals, which are generally green. Petals
tains. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 56. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1988. T. láxus, from 8-10, very short, tubular, narrowest in the lower part,
Sal. in Lin. trans. 8. p. 303. Gaissènia vérna, Raf. schm. in nectariferous. Stamens from 30 to 60. Ovaries from 3-10:
journ. bot. 1808. vol. 2. p. 168. Flowers pale yellow, smaller
Flowers pale yellow, smaller stigmas terminal, orbicular. Capsules coriaceous. Seeds oval,
,
than those of the other species. Drummond affirms they are disposed in two rows, on a linear double notched receptacle.
white in the plant he discovered on the Rocky Mountains. Fetid, stiff, coriaceous, nearly smooth herbs with divided leaves,
American Globe Flower. Fl. May, Jul. Cit.1805. Pl.] to ft. of dangerously cathartic qualities, especially the roots.
9 T. PU’MILUS (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 195.) sepals roundish-
oval ; petals 12, linear-lingulate, blunt, one-half shorter than the § 1. Scapes leafless bearing 1 or 2 flowers.
stamens; radical leaves 5-parted and jagged; stem 1-flowered. 1 H. Ni'ger (Lin. spec. 783.) radical leaves pedate, quite
24. H. Native of Nipaul at Gasaingsthan. Stem almost naked, smooth; scape leafless, bearing 1 or 2 flowers and bracteas. 4.H.
erect, smooth ; segments of leaves pinnatifid, with the lobes lan- Native of woody mountains in many parts of Europe, particularly
ceolate, entire, or acutely 3-toothed. Flowers large, orange- in Provence, Piedmont, Austria, Styria, Greece, &c. Jacq. aust.
coloured.
t. 201. Curt. bot. mag. t. 8. Woodw. med. bot. 1. p. 50. t. 18.
Dwarf Globe Flower. F1. Aug. Pl. 1 to ] foot.
Flower large, with a white or rose-coloured corolla-like calyx.
Cult. Shewy border flowers. They will do well in any The fibres of the root only are used in medicine. They are of a deep
common garden soil, and are easily increased by dividing the brown on the outside, white or yellowish-white within, and of a nau-
plants at the root or by seeds. A shady moist situation suits seous and bitterish taste, exciting a sense of heat and numbness in
them best.
the tongue, and of a nauseous smell. Neuman got from 2880 grains
380 alcoholic and 181 watery extract; and inversely 362 watery
XX. ERA'NTHUS (from spa, era, the earth, and avlos, and 181 alcoholic. Its active constituent seems to be of a vola-
anthos, a flower; because the bright yellow blossoms seem to lie tile nature, for it loses its virtues by keeping. In large doses
a
a

46
RANUNCULACEÆ. XXI. HELLEBORUS. XXII. Coptis,
tains.
Black Hellebore is a drastic purgative; in smaller doses it is 6 H. ATRORU'BENS (Walds. et Kit. pl. hung. 3. p. 301. t. 271.)
diuretic and emmenagogue. It has been used as a purgative in radical leaves very smooth, pedate, paler and shining underneath ;
cases of mania, melancholy, coma, dropsy, worms, and psora. cauline leaves almost sessile, palmate; stem somewhat angular,
But its use requires very.great caution, for its effects are very bifidly branched; sepals roundish, coloured. 4. H. Native of
uncertain, and affected by many circumstances. It may be ex-
-
Hungary in woods and bushy places, in great plenty at Kore-
hibited in the form of an extract, although its activity be much nicza. Flowers dark purple, particularly the edges of the sepals.
dissipated by the preparation. An infusion and tincture certainly Dark-purple-flowered Hellebore. Fi. Feb. Apr. Clt. 1820.
promise to be medicines of more uniform powers. Edin. new Pl. 14 foot.
disp. p. 360.
7 H. DUMETO'RUM (Walds, et Kit. ex Willd. enum. p. 592.)
Black Hellebore, or Christmas Rose. Fl. Jan. Mar. Clt. radical leaves very smooth, pedate ; cauline leaves almost sessile,
1596. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
palmate ; stem round, bifidly branched; sepals roundish, green.
4. H. Native of Hungary. Flowers green.
§ 2. Stem fen-flowered, somewhat dichotomous, bearing an
Thicket Hellebore. Fl. Mar. Apr. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 foot.
almost sessile, cleft, or cut floral leaf.
8 H. MULTI'FIDUS (Robert. de Visiani in fl. bot. zeit. 1829.
2 H. ORIENTA'LIS (Gars. exot. t. 19. f. B. ex. Lam. dict. 3. p. 13.) stem tall, angular, bifid; branches few-flowered; radical
p. 92.) radical leaves pedate, pubescent on the under surface ; leaves on long stalks, large, coriaceous, smooth, pedate-parted;
floral leaves almost sessile, palmate; peduncles usually bifid; lobes dichotomous, with an entire cuneated base; segments
sepals oval, coloured. 4. H. Native of the Levant on moun- narrow, lanceolate, acuminated, sharply serrated and very veiny;
Plentiful on mountains about Thessalonica and near Con- floral leaves palmate-parted almost sessile; sepals broad, ovate.
stantinople. Desf. choix. pl. cor. p. 58. t. 45. H. officinalis. 4. H. Native of Dalmatia on the mountains. Resembles H.
Sal. in Lin. trans. 8. p. 305. Smith fl
. græc. t. 583. Calyx dumetòrum but larger in size, and flowers more copious, but also
purplish, permanent; stamens and petals soon falling off. An greenish.
intermediate species between H. niger and H. víridis. This is Multifid-leaved Hellebore. Fl. April, May. Pl. 11-3 feet.
the black hellebore of the ancients, formerly celebrated as a me-
dicine in mania, epilepsy, and dropsy. It is called Zopleme by
§ 3. Stem leafy, many-flowered; peduncles furnished with
bracteas.
the Turks, and by the Greeks Xvapon, and is still kept in the
shops of the East. The medicinal qualities of the root are acrid 9 H. FE'TIDUS (Lin. spec. 784.) stem many-flowered, leafy;
and violently purgative.
leaves pedate, very smooth ; segments oblong-linear. 4. H.
Eastern Hellebore. Pl. 1 foot.
Native in thickets and waste ground on a chalky or gravelly soil,
3 H. PURPURA'SCENS (Walds. et Kit. pl. hung. 2. p. 105. particularly in Portugal, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, France, Ger-
t. 101.) radical leaves pubescent on the under surface, palmate, many. England more common than H. viridis in chalky coun-
with the segments cuneated at the base, and from 3-5-lobed at ties. Smith eng. bot. 613. Woodv. med. bot. t. 19. Bull.
the apex; stem 2-flowered; floral leaves almost sessile ; sepals herb. t. 71. An evergreen plant with green flowers, which are
roundish, coloured. 4.H. Native of Hungary, Podolia, and tinged with purple on the edges. The whole herb is foetid,
Volhynia. Flowers purplish.
acrid, violently cathartic, with a nauseous taste, especially when
Var. 6, Bocconi (D. C. prod. 1. p. 47.) stem longer than the
f
fresh. The leaves, when dried, are sometimes given as a domestic
leaves.--Boc. Mus. 2. p. 26. t. 11. f. R. 4. H. Native of the medicine to destroy worms; but they must be used sparingly,
Apennines of Etruria. Perhaps a distinct species.
being so violent in their operation that many instances of their
Purplish Hellebore. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 ft. fatal effects are recorded. A dose of about 15 grains of the pow-
4. H. ODO'rus (Walds. et Kit. ex Willd. enum. p. 592.) radical der of the dried leaves is given to children, which proves gently
leaves palmate, pubescent on the under surface; segments oblong, emetic and purgative. The decoction of about a drachm of the
undivided, quite entire at the base, but serrated at the apex ; fresh leaves being considered equal to 15 grains of the dry ones;
stem bifid ; sepals ovate-oblong, acutish, green. 4. H. Native it is usually repeated on two, and sometimes three successive
of Hungary. Like H. purpurascens and H. viridis, differing mornings, and seldom fails to bring away worms, if there be any
from the first in the flowers being green, not purplish.
in the intestinal canal.
Sweet-scented Hellebore. Fl. Mar. Apr. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 ft. Foetid Hellebore. Fl. Mar. Apr.
Fl. Mar. Apr. Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
5 H. VIRIDIS (Lin. spec. 784.) radical leaves very smooth, 10 H. Lívidus (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 272.) stem
p
cauline ones almost sessile, palmate ; peduncles generally bifid; many-flowered, leafy; leaves ternate, very smooth, glaucous on the
sepals roundish-ovate, green. 4. H. Native in woods and under surface; segments ovate, lanceolate. 4. H. Native of
thickets, on a chalky soil, particularly in Germany, Italy, France, Corsica.. Curt. bot. mag. t. 72.
Corsica.. Curt. bot. mag. t. 72. H. argutifòlius Viv. An ever-
and England in Oxfordshire, Cambridgeshire, Sussex, and other green plant with livid flowers, a little larger than those of H.
chalk counties, indubitably wild, although not common; near foe'tidus.
Hartfield, Middlesex, about Great Marlow and High Wickham, Var. B, integrílobus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 47.) segments of
Bucks, and in the north-west part of Norfolk. Smith eng, bot. leaves quite entire. 4. H. H. trifolius. Mill. dict. no. 4.
t. 200. Curt. lond. fasc. 6. t. 34. Jacq. aust. t. 106. Schkuhr. but not of Lin.
handb. no. 1536. t. 154. Blackw. herb. t. 509 and 510. Flowers Livid-flowered Hellebore. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1710. Pl. 1 ft.
green. Haller reckons up all the reputed virtues of Hellebore Cult. All the species of this genus will thrive well in any
under this species; which indeed seems to be what German prac- common garden soil, but they will grow best if planted under
titioners have substituted for the true plant of the ancients H. the shade of trees. They are easily increased by dividing the
orientalis.
plants at the roots or by seeds.
We learn from the Flora Londinensis, that the roots of this
plant are used in London for the true Black Hellebore; and pro- XXII. COʻPTIS (from Kontw, kopto, to cut, in reference to the
bably their qualities are the same, for this species is even more numerous divisions of the leaves). Salisb. Lin. soc. trans. 8.
nearly allied to the ancient Greek plant H. orientàlis than the p. 305. D.C. syst. 1. p. 321. prod. 1. p. 47.
Lin. syst. Polyandria, Polygynia. Calyx of 5 or 6 coloured,
Green Hellebore. Fl. Ap. May. Britain. Pl. 1foot. petal-like, deciduous sepals. Petals small, cucullate. Stamens
a
H. niger.
1

RANUNCULACEÆ. XXIII. IsopyRUM. XXIV. ENEMION. XXV. GARIDELLA.
47
4. H.
.
from 20 to 25. Capsules from 6 to 10, on long stalks, some- 1-flowered ; sepals oval, greatly exceeding the size of the leaflets.
what membranous, 4-6-seeded, pointed with the style, stellately 4. H. Native of the Altaian Mountains. Stamens, one half
disposed. Small, smooth, stiffish, perennial tufted herbs, with shorter than the sepals. Flowers white.
divided leaves and small white flowers.
Great-flowered Isopyrum. Fl. May, June. Pl. } foot.
1 C. TRIFÒLIA (Sal. in Lin. soc. trans. 8. p. 305.) leaves ternate, 3 I. FUMARIOIDES (Lin. spec. 783.) capsules from 10 to 20; root
leaflets obovate, blunt, toothed, hardly 3-lobed ; scape 1-flowered.
. slender, simple, perpendicular ; leaf-stalks not dilated at the base.
Native of Iceland, Norway, Greenland, Siberia, and O. H. Native of Siberia in groves, and among nitrous rubbish
Kamtschatka in swamps in woods, North America in cedar swamps in Dauria. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1531. t. 153. Helleborus
and mountain bogs, (but according to Dr. Richardson it is found fumarioìdes, Lam. dict. 3. p. 99. I. aquilegioides, Spreng.
in dry sandy and mossy places) from Canada to Virginia and pug. 1. p. 40. no. 72. exclusive of the synonyms. Capsules com-
Labrador. Helleborus trifolius, Lin. amon. 2. p. 355. t. 4. f. 18. pressed, pointed with the short styles. Flowers small, white.
Lodd. bot. cab. 173. Big. med. bot. 1. p. 60. t. 5. Anemòne Fumitory-like Isopyrum. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1741.
Fl. Ju. Clt. 1741. Pl. 1 to į ft.
Greenlandica, Oed. fl. dan. t. 566. A small plant with white 4 I. ADOXOI DES (D. C. syst. 1. p. 324.) capsules from 2 to 5;
flowers and yellow roots. It is called Tissavoyanne-jaune by the sepals bluntish ; root tuberous ; leaf-stalks not dilated at the
French, all over Canada. The leaves and stalks are used by the base. 4. H. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. I. capnoides,
Indians for giving a fine yellow colour to several kinds of work Fisch. in litt. Capsules from 3 to 4 oblong, many-seeded. Flowers
which they make of skins. The French dye wool, &c. yellow small, white.
with this plant. The root is used about Boston in North Ame- Adoxa-like Isopyrum. Pl. 1 foot.
rica as a remedy for aphthoric affections of the mouth, and also Cult. These pretty little plants will thrive well in any com-
affords an agreeable stomachic bitter infusion.
mon garden soil. The perennial species may be either increased
Three-leaved Coptis. Fl. Ap. Jul. Clt. 1782. Pl. ſ foot. by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. The annual
spe-
2 C. ASPLENIFOLIA (Sal. in Lin. soc. trans. 8. p. 306.) leaves cies only require to be sown where they are intended to remain.
biternate ; leaflets rather pinnatifid, very acutely serrated ; scape
2-flowered. 4. H. Native on the north-west coast of America
XXIV. ENE' MION (apparently a corruption of Anemone.)
and Japan. Hook fl. bor. amer. p. 23. t. 11. Thalictrum Ja-
Raf. journ. phys. 1820. g. 1. p. 70. D. C. prod. 1. p. 48.
pónicum, Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 337. Willd. spec. 2.
.
LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Tetragynia. Calyx of 5 petal-like
p. 1303. Flowers white, larger than those of C. trifolia.
deciduous sepals. Stamens from 20 to 30, with club-shaped fila-
,
Spleenwort-leaved Coptis. Pl. I foot.
ments, and roundish 2-lobed anthers. Pistils from 2 to 6, but
Cult. These pretty little plants will thrive best in a bed of generally 4, with the style about the length of the ovaries; cap-
peat earth, in a moist situation, or to be kept in pots and placed sules from 2 to 6, ovate, stellately disposed, compressed, pointed
,
among other alpine plants. They may be increased by dividing with the styles, 2-seeded; seeds oval. Perhaps sufficiently dis-
the plants at the root or by seeds.
tinct from Isopyrum.
1 EN. BITERNA'TUM (Rafin. l. c.) 4. H. Native of Ken-
XXIII. ISOPY'RUM, (from loos, isos, equal, Tupos, pyros,
tucky at Lexington. Flowers the size of those of Anemòne quin-
wheat
. A name given by the Greeks to a plant resembling Ni quefàlia, and probably white.
Biternate-leaved Enemion. Pl. foot.
gélla, the seeds of which had the same taste). Lin. gen. 701.
Cult. This plant will require to be planted in a border of
Gært. fruct. 1. p. 312. t. 65. f. 5. D. C. syst. 1. p. 323. prod. 1, peat soil, or in pots in the same kind of soil. It may be either
p
LIN. Syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Calyx of 5, petal-like
increased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds.
deciduous sepals (f. 12. a.). Petals 5, equal, tubular, 2-lipped
(f. 12. b.), with the outer lip bifid. Stamens from 15 to 20. Ova- XXV. GARIDE'LLA (in honour of Pierre Garidel, M.D.
ries from 2 to 20. Styles longitudinally stigmatose on the inside. physician at Aix in Provence, author of Histoire des Plantes qui
Capsules sessile, 1-celled (f. 12. c.), oblong, compressed, mem- naissent en Provence, 1719, with many figures). Tourn. inst.
branous, many-seeded. Seeds minute, dotted (f. 12. d.). Small 655. t. 43. Lin. gen. 541. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 174. t. 118.
slender, smooth, erect herbs. Leaves ternate; leaflets stalked, D. C. syst. 1. p. 325. prod. 1. p. 48.
3-lobed, or cut, membranous. Flowers small, stalked, white. LIN. syst. Polyándria, Decándria, Trigynia. Calyx of 5,
SYST
1 I. THALICTROI'DES (Lin. spec. 783.) capsules from 1 to 3 ; sepals deciduous, hardly petal-like sepals. Petals 5, 2-lipped, bifid.
blunt; root creeping, fascicled, or
FIG. 12.
Stamens from 10 to 40. Ovaries 3, connected ; styles very short.
grumose; leaf-stalks dilated at the
Capsules from 2 to 3, many-seeded, connected together into a 2 or
base into membranous auricles. 2.
3-celled capsule, hardly 2 or 3-horned. Small, slender, erect,
H. Native of the Pyrenees,
inconspicuous herbs. Leaves multifid, with linear segments.
Italy, Dauphiny, Carniolia, Silesia,
Flowers small, whitish, solitary on the tops of the peduncles. Dif-
Hungary, Greece, &c. in mountain
fering from Nigella in having only 3 capsules terminated by very
woods. Jacq. aust. t. 105. 1.
short styles, not 5-10 capsules with elongated styles.
aquilegioides. Lin. spec. 783.
D 1 G. NIGELLA'STRUM (Lin. spec. 753.) petals sessile, spread-
Helleborus thalictroides. Lamb.
ing; stamens front 10 to 12. 0. H. Native in sunny places
dict. 3. p. 98. I. thalictrifòlium.
among olives and vines in Provence, &c. Leaves finely divided
Sal. in Lin. soc. trans. 8.
like those of Delphinium consólida. Calyx purplish; corolla
Capsules ovate, somewhat compress-
white. Lam. ill. t. 379. f. 1. Sims, bot. 1266. Bois. fl. europ.
ed, awned with the elongated styles.
6. t. 320.
Flowers small, white (f. 12.)
Nigella-like Garidella. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1736. Pl. 14 foot.
Meadow-rue-like Isopyrum. Fl.
2 G. UNGUICULA'ris (Lam. ill. t. 379. f. 2.) petals erect, con-
Mar. Apr. Clt. 1759. Pl. i foot. .
verging, with long claws; stamens 40. O. H. Native about
2 I. GRANDIFLORUM (Fisch. in
Aleppo. Stem angular branched. Leaves stalked, pinnately
litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 48.) capsules from 4-5; scape radical, jagged, with acute spreading segments. Flowers greenish brown ;
p.48.
OL
P. 306.

48
RANUNCULACEÆ. XXVI. NIGELLA.
merous.
-
bracteas solitary tricuspidate. Ovaries 2 or 3 connected, ovate, connected beyond the middle into an obconical fruit; stem erect,
scabrous.
smooth, with somewhat divaricating branches. 0. H. Native
Clawed-petalled Garidella. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot. of Tauria in corn fields.--Moris. hist. 3. p. 516. sect. 12. t. 18.
3
.
Cult. Inconspicuous annual plants; only require to be sown f. 6.? Seeds triquetrous. Flowers from white to blue.
in the open border.
Fennel-like Fennel Flower. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. ? Pl. 1 foot.
6 N. DIVARICA'TA (Beaupre in D. C. syst. 1. p. 329.) anthers
XXVI. NIGE'LLA (from niger, black, because of the colour
pointed; styles 5, erectish; capsules smooth, connected beyond
the middle into an obconical fruit; stem smooth, with very diva-
of the seeds, which is the part of the plant known in cookery.)
Tourn. inst. 258. t. 134. Lin. gen. no. 685. Gært. fruct. 2. p.
ricating branches. O. H. Native of Tauria and Egypt. Deless.
icon. sel. 1. t. 46. Flowers blueish.
174. t. 118. D. C. syst. 1. p. 326. prod. 1. p.
48.
Divaricate-branched Fennel Flower. Fl.Ju. Sep. Clt.? Pl.1ų ft.
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Pentagynia. Calyx of 5 coloured
,
petal-like spreading deciduous sepals. Petals small, from 5 to
7 N. ARVE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 753.) anthers pointed ; styles from
5 to 7, circinnately revolute outwardly; capsules smooth, con-
10, 2-lipped, with a hollow nectariferous claw. Stamens nu-
Ovaries from 5 to 10, more or less joined together at
nected beyond the middle into an obconical fruit, which is nar-
the base, each terminated by the long simple style. Capsules
rowest at the base ; stem smooth, with rather diverging branches.
O. H. Native of middle and south Europe in corn fields, also
more or less connected together, terminated by the elongated
in the north of Africa. Bull. herb. t. 126. Lam. ill. t. 888. f. 1.
styles, opening on the inside, many-seeded. Embryo linear.-
Erect, annual, smoothish herbs. Root slender, perpendicular,
,
Smith, fl. græc. t. 512. Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 92. t. 146. Flowers
fibrous at top. Leaves finely cut, like Fennel. Flowers solitary,
white or blue, single or double. The seeds are sometimes used
on the top of the stems or branches. Capsules usually ornamented
instead of those of N. satừva ; but they are not so aromatic, nor
with callose dots or glands. The seeds have an acrid aromatic
have they the same pleasant smell.
taste, especially those of the species in Section II., and are there-
Corn-field Fennel Flower. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1683. Pl. 1 to 12 ft.
fore used as a popular condiment.
8 N. ARISTA'TA (Sibth. and Smith, fl. græc. t. 510. prod. 1.
The genus is called Fennel-Flower in English, because the p. 373.) anthers pointed ; capsules connected into a turbinate
leaves resemble those of Fennel.
fruit; stem smooth; flowers surrounded by a leafy involucrum.
O. H. Native near Athens. Habit almost of N. Damascèna.
Flowers blue.
Sect. I. NIGELLA'STRUM (from Nigella and astrum, an affixed
Awned Fennel Flower. Fl. June, Sep. Pl. 1foot.
signification, like) Monch. meth. 313 and 311. D. C. syst. 1. p.
9 N. Sativa (Lin. spec. 753.) anthers blunt; capsules muri-
326. prod. 1. p. 48. Sepals yellow. Stamens disposed in one
cated, connected almost to the top into an ovate fruit; stem erect,
row. Capsules compressed, connected at their base. Seeds flat,
rather hairy; flowers naked. O. H. Native of Montpelier
orbicular.
and Barbary in corn fields. Smith, A. græc. t. 511. Flowers
1 N. CORNICULA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 326.) capsules from 3 to
blueish.
5, smooth, connected at their base, diverging and reflexed at the
Var. B, Crética (D. C. syst. 1. p. 331.) styles longer than the
top ; styles arched outwardly. O. H. Native — ? Flowers
flowers.—Clus. hist. 2. p. 108.-Moris. hist. 3. p. 515. sect. 12.
yellow.
t. 18. f. 2. N. segetatis, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 16. Flowers
Horned-capsuled Fennel Flower. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1822.
blue.
Pl. foot.
Var. y, citrina (D. C. l. c.) seeds yellow; flowers double.
2 N. CILIA'RIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 327.) capsules from 8 to 10,
.
Moris. hist. 3. p. 516. sect. 12. t. 18. f. 5.
hispid, connected at their base, stellately spreading ; styles
Var. d, I'ndica (Roxb. mss. ex. Fleming in jour. bot. 1814. 4.
straight. 0. H. Native of the Levant near Bairout. Deless.
p. 203. jour. pharm. 1814. p. 253.) stem and leaves smooth.
icon. sel. 1. t. 45. Flowers yellow.
Native of the East Indies.
Ciliary-fruited Fennel Flower. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt.? Pl. 1 foot.
Formerly the seeds of N. sativa were much in use as a carmi-
3 N. ORIENTA'LIS (Lin. spec. 753.) capsules from 5 to 10,
native, stimulant, and errhine, but this medicine is become de-
smooth, connected together from the base almost to the middle,
servedly obsolete. They are still used in some parts of Ger-
hardly diverging; styles straight. 0. H. Native about Aleppo
O.
in corn fields, and in fields in Eastern Caucasus and Middle
many and Asia in cookery instead of spice, being a pleasant
aromatic. They are said to be extensively used in the adultera-
.
Iberia. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1264. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 174. t.
tion of pepper as well as those of N. arvensis. The leaves are
118. f. 1. Flowers yellow. Seeds girded by a membranous
also sometimes used.
margin.
Cultivated Fennel Flower. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1548. Pl. 1 ft.
Eastern Fennel Flower. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1699. Pl. 1} foot.
Sect. III. EROBA'Tos (from epos, eros, love, and Baros, ba-
Sect. II. NIGELLA'RIA (altered from Nigella, see) D. C. syst. tos ?) D. C. prod. 1. p. 49. Sepals white or blue. Stamens
p
1.
p. 328. prod. 1. p. 49. Sepals spreading, bluish. Stamens numerous, disposed in many rows. Capsules 5, connected together
disposed in many rows, collected into 8 or 10 bundles. Seeds into a 10-celled fruit, with the 5 inner cells seminiferous, and the
ovate, angular.
5 outer ones empty. Involucrum multifid, leafy, situated under
4 N. HISPA'NICA (Lin. spec. 753.) anthers pointed; styles the flower.
from 8 to 10, erect: capsules smooth, with one nerve on the 10 N. DAMASCE'NA (Lin. spec. 753.) anthers blunt ; carpels 5,
back, connected beyond the middle into an obconical fruit; stem 2-celled, connected even to the top into an ovate-globose capsule ;
erect, smooth, with erect branches. 0. H. Native of the flowers surrounded by a leafy involucrum; sepals spreading.
South of Spain, and Barbary, in corn fields. Desf. fl. atl. p. O. H. Native of the south of Europe, from Portugal to Tauria,
430. t. 212. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1265. Flowers usually blue, but in cultivated fields. Curt. bot. mag. t. 22. Smith, fl.
græc. t.
are sometimes white or cream-coloured.
509. Schkuhr. hand. t. 146. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 174. t. 118. f.1.
.
.
Spanish Fennel Flower. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1629. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. Flowers white or blue, single or double.
5 N. FENICULA CEA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 328.) anthers pointed ; Damascus Fennel Flower. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1570. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
styles from 5 to 6, erect; capsules smooth, 3-nerved on the back, 11 N. COARCTA'TA (Gmel. A. bad. 2. p. 502.) anthers blunt;

RANUNCULACEÆ. XXVII. AQUILEGIA.
49
. 1
flowers involucrate; sepals erect, connivent. 4. H. Native — ? flowers, almost naked, and is as well as the leaves clothed with
Flowers small, white.
clammy pubescence; styles not exceeding the stamens in length.
Strained Fennel Flower. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1793. Pl. 2 foot. 4. H. Native of Spain, Portugal, south of France, Piedmont,
Cult. Plants of easy culture, only requiring to be sown in Naples, &c. in rugged mountainous places, exposed to the sun.-
the
open
border. They are curious and ornamental.
Lachen. act. helv. 8. p. 146. t. 5. Scarcely distinct from A.
vulgàris, unless by being clothed with clammy pubescence, and
XXVII. AQUILE'GIA (aquila, an eagle, because of the form the
flowers being larger, purple.
of each petal, separated with two sepals attached to it. Colum- Clammy Columbine. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. Pl. 14 foot.
bine, its English name, from columbus, a pigeon, from the same 5 A. GLANDULÒSA (Fisch. ined. Link. enum. 2. p. 84.) spur
cause.) Tourn. inst. t. 242. Lin. gen. no. 275.
incurved ; one-half shorter than the limb; upper part of the herb
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Pentagynia. Calyx of 5-coloured as well as capsules clothed with glandular hairs. 4. H. Native
petal-like deciduous sepals. Petals 5, gaping above, 2-lipped, of the Altaian mountains. A. speciòsa, D. C. syst. 1. . p. 336.
outer lip large, flat; inner lip very small, each petal drawn out Var, a, discolor (D. C. prod. 1. p. 50.) petals white; sepals
into a hollow spur, which is callous at the apex, and protruding blue.
between the sepals. Capsules 5, erect, many-seeded, pointed with Var. B, cóncolor (D. C. prod. 1. p. 50.) petals, as well as
the styles.-Erect perennial herbs, with fibrous roots. Radical sepals, blueish-violet.
leaves on long stalks twice or thrice ternate, with trifid-toothed, Glandular Columbine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. Pl. 2 feet.
usually blunt segments ; upper ones divided into linear lobes. 6 A. Sibírica (Lam. dict. 1. p. 150.) spur incurved ; capsules
SIBÍRICA
)
Flowers white, blue, rose, or purple rarely dirty yellow. Qualities very smooth ; stem 1 or 2-flowered, almost naked, smooth:
hardly acrid, bitterish, somewhat astringent and tonic. Seeds sepals very blunt. 4. H. Native of Dauria in woods. A.
acrid.
vulgàris Dahùrica, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1246.—Deless. icon. sel. 1.
.
-.
1 A. VULGA'RIS (Lin. spec. 752.) spurs incurved ; capsules t. 47. Flowers with blue sepals and white petals.
villous; stem leafy, many-flowered, and is as well as the leaves Siberian Columbine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1806. Pl. 1 foot.
smoothish ; styles not exceeding the stamens in length. 4. H. 7 A. ALPÌNA (Lin. spec. 752.) spurs straight, but somewhat
Native of most parts of Europe, as well as of Japan; in meadows, incurved at the apex, one-half shorter than the petals ; stem
pastures, and thickets. Smith, engl. bot. t. 295. Fl. dan. t. 695. leafy, 2 or 3-flowered ; segments of leaves deeply divided into
Flowers either single or double, blue, white, rose-coloured, pur- linear lobes. 4. H. Native on the Alps of Piedmont and
ple or variegated, or spotted with the same colours.
Switzerland in shady humid places. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 48.
Var. B, alpina (Huds. angl. 235.) stem usually 1-flowered; ; Sweet. brit. fl. gard. t. 218. A. alpina, var. a, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p.
spurs less curved than in var. a. 4. H. Native of England at 912. Flowers large, blue. The most shewy of all the species.
Matlock, Bath.
Var.B, grandiflora (D. C. syst. 1. p. 337.) sepals oval; spur
p
Var. * corniculata (D. C. syst. 1. p. 334.) flower double ; length of limb. 4. H. Native of Siberia on the Altaian Alps.
petals spurred; spur drawn out downwards. 4.H.—Clus. hist.
.
A. grandiflòra, Patr. ined. Perhaps A. glandulosa concolor ?
2. p. 204. f. 1.
Alpine Columbine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731. Pl. 1 foot.
1 .
* invérsa (D. C. syst. 1. p. 334.) flower double ; petals 8 A. PYRENA'ICA (D. C. f. fr. 4. p. 912. syst. 1. p. 337.)
horned: horn inverted. 4. H.-Clus. hist. 2. p. 204. f. 2. spurs straight, hardly shorter than the limb; stem almost
*** stellàta (D. C. syst. 1. p. 335.) flower double; petals naked, 1-flowered ; segments of leaves deeply divided into linear
Aat, spurless, coloured. 4.H.-Clus. hist. 2. p. 205. f. 1. lobes. 4. H. Native of the Pyrenees and Apennines on the
de gèner (D. C. syst. 1. p. 335.) flower double ; petals higher pastures and on rocks. A. viscosa, Trev. delph. p. 23. t.
and sepals flat, spurless, green. 4.H.-Clus. hist. 2.
2. A. alpina, var. B.D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 912. Flowers middle sized,
2.-Barrl. icon. t. 608.
blue. Like A. alpina, but smaller in all its parts.
The whole plant has been recommended to be used medicinally, Pyrenean Columbine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 foot.
but it belongs to a suspicious natural order, and Linnæus affirms 9°A. CANADE'Nsis (Lin. spec. 752.) spurs straight, longer than
that children have lost their lives by an over-dose of it. The the limb; styles and stamens protruding ; sepals acutish, a little
virtues ascribed to a tincture of the flowers as an antiphlogistic, longer than the petals ; segments of leaves 3-parted, bluntish,
and for strengthening the gums and deterging scorbutic ulcers in and deeply toothed at the apex. 4.H. Native of North Ame-
the mouth, appear to be better founded ; the tincture being made
;
rica, from Canada to Carolina, in the crevices of rocks. Abun-
with an addition of the vitriolic acid, and differing but little from dant at the mouth of the Columbia river, especially about Fort
our officinal tincture of roses.
Vancouver. Curt. bot. mag. 246. Schkuhr. handb. no. 1434.
Common Columbine. Fl. May, July. Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. t. 146. Lois. herb. amat. t. 305.-Mill. icon. t. 47. Flowers
2 A. CÆRU'LEA (Torrey. ann. lyc. nat. hist. new york, vol. 2. scarlet, mixed with yellow.
p. 161.) spurs straight, almost twice the length of the limb of Var. B, hybrida (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 24.) spurs a little in-
the petals; styles and stamens shorter than the corolla; stipulas curved at the apex; stamens shorter than in var. a; flowers for
acute; segments of leaves deeply lobed. 4. H. Native of the most part purple. 4. H. Native of North America among
North America on the Rocky Mountains. Flowers blue.
the Rocky Mountains.
Blue Columbine. Pl. 1 foot?
Canadian Columbine. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1640. Pl. 1 to2 ft.
3 A. BREVISTY'LA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 24.) plant rather 10 A. FORMÒSA (Fisch. in litt. with a figure D. C. prod. 1. p.
pubescent; spurs incurved, shorter than the limb; styles short, 50.) spurs straight, much longer than the petals and stamens,
inclosed; stamens rather shorter than the corolla. 4. H. Native which are very short ; styles not protruding ; sepals lanceolate,
of North America in the western parts of Canada, and as far much longer than the petals. 2. H. Native of Kamtschatka.
north as Bear Lake. A. vulgàris ? Richards. in Frankl. 1st. Like A. Canadensis in habit, as well as in colour and form of
journ. ed. 2. app. p. 21. Stem and leaves as in A. vulgàris, but the flowers.
the flowers are one-half smaller, blue.
Beautiful Columbine. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 to 1} ft.
Short-styled Columbine. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 11 A. VIRIDIFLORA (Pall. act. petrop. 1779. p. 262. t. 11.)
4 A. viscosa (Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 267. illustr. 33. t. 19.) spurs straight, longer than the petals; stamens equal in length
spurs incurved ; capsules villous; stem bearing one, two, or three
;
with the petals ; styles protruding; sepals oval-oblong, shorter
-
H
p. 205. f.
VOL. 1.- PART I.

50
RANUNCULACEÆ. XXVIII. DELPHINIUM.
2.H.
-
syst. 1.
p. 336.
than the petals. 4. H. Native of Siberia. Jacq. icon. rar. Sect. I. CoNsO'LIDA (from consolido, to reunite, because the
1. t. 102. Murr. comm. Got. 1780. p. 8. t. 2. A. fàva, Lam. D. consólida being formerly reputed as a most powerful vul-
dict. 1. p. 149. Stem almost naked, 2-3-flowered. Flower nerary. The name is applied to this section, because all the
about the size of those of A. Canadénsis, of a yellowish-green plants it contains resemble D. consólida.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 341.
)
colour.
prod. 1. p. 51. Ovary one. Petals 4, connected together. Spur
Green-flowered Columbine. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1780. Pl. 11 ft. containing only the appendage of one of the petals. Annual herbs.
.
12 A. ATROPURPU'REA (Willd. enum. 577.) spurs straight, , 1 D. AXILLARIFLORUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 341.) stém almost
equal in length with the petals ; styles and stamens about the simple, smoothish, with the branches hardly diverging ; flowers
length of the sepals; sepals length of petals. 4. H. Native axillary, almost sessile ; bracteas multifid, situated under the
of Siberia. Ker. bot. reg. t. 922. A. viridiflòra ß. Willd. spec flower. O. H. Native of the Levant. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t.
2. p. 1247. Flowers dark-purple or blueish-violet.
.
50. Sepals oblong, acute, pale-blue. Leaves ternate or biter-
Var. a, brevistyla (Willd. enum. p. 577.) styles not so long as nate, with multifid segments.
the stamens.
Axillary-flowered Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
Var. B, Dahùrica (Patr. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 338.) styles pro- 2 D. OLIVERIA'NUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 341.) stem smooth, a
truding beyond the other parts of the flower; leaves smooth. little branched, with the branches hardly diverging; flowers few,
2. H. Native of Dauria on hills and mountains. Deless. icon. loosely racemose ; pedicels length of bracteas; capsules smooth.
sel. 1. t. 49.
O. H. Native between Bagdad and Vermanchà in cultivated
Var.
7
Fischeriàna (D. C. prod. 1. p. 51.) styles protruding fields. Flowers blueish-purple, twice the size of those of D.
)
beyond the other parts of the flower ; leaves villous on the un- Ajacis.
der surface. 2. H. A. atropurpurea, Fisch. ined.
Oliver's Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. Pl. l] foot.
Dark-purple-flowered Columbine. Fl.May, Jul. Clt. ? Pl.1] ft. 3 D. AJA'CIS (Lin. spec. 748.) stem erect, smoothish, almost
13 A. HYBRIDA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1221.) spurs straight, simple, with the branches hardly diverging ; flowers in long dense
hardly incurved at the apex, longer than the petals, which are racemes; pedicels length of bracteas; capsules pubescent. O.
very blunt; styles hardly exceeding the length of the stamens H. Native of Tauria.—Clus. hist. 2. p. 206. f. 1. Flowers
and petals; sepals acute, length of petals; stem and leaves either white, blue, rose, flesh-coloured, or purple, or variegated,
clothed with very delicate pubescence. 4. H. Native of Si- with the same colours, double or single. Called Ajàcis, because
beria. A. Sibírica, Donn, cant.? A. speciòsa, var. a, D. C. some traces may be perceived in the flower of what may be
Stem many-flowered. Flowers twice the size of likened to the letters AJ A.
those of A. Canadensis, with dark purple sepals, yellowish petals Ajax's or Rocket Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1573. Pl. 13 ft.
and purple spurs, which are green at the tips.
4 D. CONSO'LIDA (Lin. spec. 748.) stem erect, smoothish, with
Hybrid Columbine. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1827. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. divaricating branches; flowers few, loosely racemose ; pedicels
14 A. PARVIFLORA (Ledeb. act. petrop. 1815. 5. p. 514. no. longer than the bracteas ; capsules smooth. Native in corn-
32.) spurs straight, short, almost equal in length with the blunt fields throughout Europe, also in Pennsylvania and Virginia.
petals; stamens recurved, length of the acute sepals; stem 2 or Smith, engl. bot. 1839. Fl. dan. t. 683. Lam. illust. t. 482. f. 1.
3-flowered, and is as well as the leaves smooth. 2. H. Native D. segetum, Lam. Flowers either single or double, white,
of Siberia in woods at the river Lena.-Gmel. sib. 4. p. 186. t. blue, red or purple, or variegated with these colours. The
47. Stem almost naked. Flowers blue, smaller than those of name is derived from consólido, to unite; it being formerly re-
A. Canadensis. Ovaries pubescent.
puted as a most powerful vulnerary. It is said to be ingredient
Small-flowered Columbine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 ft. in those French cosmetics, which are so destructive of the sur-
15 A. ANEMONOÌDES (Willd. gess. naturf. berl. 1811. t. 9. f. face of the skin. It is called Pied d'Alouette in France, and
6.) spurs straight, very short, equal in length with the petals; Rittersporn in Germany. It is a common garden annual, as
petals thrice as short as calyx; peduncles radical, 1-flowered, well as D. Ajàcis. The seeds are acrid and poisonous. .
almost naked. 2. H. Native of Siberia on the Altaian moun- Uniting or Branched Larkspur. Fl. June, July. England. Pl.
tains. Perhaps a variety of A. glandulòsa, according to Fischer. 1 to 3 feet.
Flower purple ?
5 D. PAUCIFLÒRUM (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 196.) stem erect,
Anemone-like Columbine. Fl. My. Ju. Clt. 1827. Pl. I to į ft. branched, upper part villous, the rest smooth, as well as leaves ; ;
Cult. All the species of Columbine are very ornamental, and flowers solitary, remote, on long peduncles ; capsules smooth?
deserve to be cultivated in every garden. They will thrive in O. H. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. D. consólida, Hamilt.
any common garden soil, and are easily increased by dividing the Flowers violet. Spur shorter than the flower.
plants at the roots or by seeds, which generally ripen in abundance. Few-flowered Larkspur. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
6 D. PUBE’SCENS (D. C. A. fr. 5. p. 641. syst. 1. p. 343.)
stem straight, pubescent, somewhat branched at the top; flowers
XXVIII. DELPHI'NIUM (from delqıv, delphin, a dolphin, in loose racemes; pedicels longer than the bracteas; leaves and
on account of the resemblance between the nectary of the plant, capsules pubescent. O. H. Native of the south of France in
and the imaginary figures of the dolphin.) Tourn. inst. 426. t. corn-fields. D. consólida, Sibth and Smith, fl. græc. t. 504. D.
241. Lin. gen. no. 681. Gært. fruct. 1. p. 310. t. 65. Lam. illust. ambiguum, Lois. not. p. 85. but not of Lin. Flowers blue.
t. 432. D. C. syst. 1. p. 340. prod. 1. p. 51.)
Pubescent Larkspur. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1816. Pl. 2 or 3 feet.
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Tri-Pentagynia. Calyx deciduous, 7 D. RÍGIDUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 144.) stem erect, much
petal-like, irregular, with the upper sepal drawn out below into branched, stiff; leaves and capsules velvety-canescent; pedicels
a spur. Petals 4 ; 2 upper ones drawn out at the base into
ap- 3-times longer than the bracteas. O.H. Native of the Levant.
pendages within the spur.-Erect branching herbs. Leaves Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 52. Flowers pale-purple, smaller than
stalked, cauline ones palmately-multifid. Flowers racemose,
those of D. consólida.
usually blue or violet, seldom white.
Stiff Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
.
The genus is called Pied d'Alouette in French, because of the 8 D. PUSÍLLUM (Labill. syr. dec. 4. p. 5. t. 2. f. 1.) stem erect,
(
.
long spur resembling the talon of a lark, whence also the English very slender, 2-4-flowered, and is as well as the leaves pubes-
name Larkspur.
cent; pedicels a little longer than the linear bracteas. O. H.
mss.
a

RANUNCULACEÆ. XXVIII. DELPHINIUM.
51
a
O.
-
Native near Damascus at the bottom of the mountain called Weak Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
Dgebel-cher, D. pygmæ'um, Poir. dict. 2. p. 458. Leaves pe- 16 D. JU'NCEUM (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 641. syst. 1. p. 348.) stem
dately 3 or 5-cleft, with oblong or linear lobes. Flowers very erect, much branched ; leaves smooth, stiff, lower ones multifid,
few, small, of a pale-violet colour, and pubescent on the outside, those of the branches as well as the bracteas are linear and en-
with a straight awl-shaped spur.
tire ; racemes lax; petals stipitate, elliptical. O. H. Native
Small Larkspur. Fl. May, June. Pl. 2 inches.
of Italy near Nice, Sicily, Tunis near Sfax, and all the islands
9 D. TENUÍSSIMUM (Sibth. and Smith, A. græc. t. 505.) stem in the Archipelago ; in rugged sunny places and fields. D. pere-
erect, slender, a little branched, and rather pubescent at the grinum. Lin. spec. 749.
Lin. spec. 749. All. pedem. no. 1508. t. 25. f. 3.
apex; pedicels much longer than the awl-shaped bracteas. Smith græc. t. 506. Flowers blueish-violet; petals variegated
H. Native of Greece about Athens. Flowers small, blueish- with white.
violet; capsules smooth.
Var. B, subvelutìnum (D.C. syst. 1. p. 348.) stem and leaves
,
.
Very slender Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Pl. { foot.
velvety-pubescent. 0. H. Native on Mount Lebanon.
10 D. ACONĪTI (Lin. mant. p. 77.) stem erect, much branched, Rush Larkspur. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1629. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
rather pubescent ; leaves pedately-multifid ; pedicels very long; 17 D. Forske'li (Rchb. ill. t. 5.) stem erectish, dwarf, a
spur horizontal, incurved and cleft at the top. O. H. Native little branched, downy; lower leaves 3-toothed, upper ones linear,
of the Dardanelles and about Damascus. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 40.
p acute, all sessile and puberulous; racemes loose, few-flowered;
t. 13. Aconitum monógynum, Forsk, cat, pl. const. p. 27. no. lower petals obovate-lanceolate. 0. H. Native of the Darda-
248. D. incànum, Clark. in Spreng. new. entd. 3. p. 162.? nelles. D. grandiflòrum, Forsk. fl. æg. arab. p. 212. Stem
Flowers livid, variegated with purple and green on the inside. white with down and curled hairs above; branches and branch-
Aconite-like Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. Pl. 1 foot. lets terminated by 1-3-flowers, bearing 2 small bracteas in the
11 D. EXSE’RTUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 345.) stem erect, branched, middle of each peduncle. Flowers a little larger than those of
smooth ; leaves ternate ; segments stalked, palmately-multifid; D. peregrinum, of a violet colour; young ones puberulous.
pedicels hardly longer than the bracteas ; spur straight ; stamens Capsules 3, pubescent.
protruding. O. H. Native of the Levant. Flowers blue, very Forsköl's Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Pl., foot.
small for the size of the plant. Deless. icon. sel. t. 53.
18 D. NA'NUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 349.) stem erectish, dwarf,
Exserted-stamened Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Pl. Å foot. and is, as well as leaves, velvety-pubescent; lower leaves 3 or
12 D. FLA'VUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 346.) stem erect, branched, 5-lobed, upper ones linear ; racemes loose, 2 or 3-flowered ; lower
upper part pubescent; leaves palmately many-parted; pedicels petals orbicular. O. H. Native about Alexandria in sandy
distant, length of flowers; spur straight, spreading ; stamens places and of the Dardanelles. D. peregrinum. Delile, ill. fl.
protruding a little; capsules cylindrical, pubescent. O. H. ægypt. 17. but not of Lin. Like D. júnceum, var. B. Flowers
Native of the Levant. Deless. icon. sel. t. 54. Flowers like blueish-violet, with whitish petals, large for the size of the plant.
those of D. aconèti, but yellowish.
Dwarf Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 to 1 foot.
Var. a, velutinum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 346.) the whole plant is 19 D. HALTERA'TUM (Sibth. and Smith, fl. græc. t. 507.)
pubescent; bracteoles in the middle of pedicel.
stem erect, branched ; leaves smooth, many-parted ; lower floral
Var. f, glaúcum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 346.) plant smooth at the ones trifid, upper ones entire ; racemes loose; petals spreading,
base, but pubescent at the top; bracteoles at the base of the lower ones stipitate, orbicular. O. H.
Native of Sicily,
pedicels.
Flowers blueish-purple. Like D. júnceum.
Yellow-flowered Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Pl. foot. Small-winged Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
20 D. VIRGA'TUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 458.) stem erect, branch-
Sect. II. DELPHINE'LLUM (a dim. of Delphinium, which see). ing from the base ; leaves smooth, lower ones trifid with toothed
D. C. syst. 1. p. 346. prod. 1. p. 52. Ovaries 3. Petals free, lobes, those of the branches and flowers entire and acute ; racemes
smooth. Spur usually containing the appendage of one petal loose ; lower petals stipitate, ovate. O. H. Native of Syria.
only. Annual plants.
Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 55. Herb pale green. Flowers blueish-
13 D. AMBIGUUM (Lin. spec. 749.) stem erect, rather velvety; purple.
leaves 3 or 5-parted, with pinnatifid partitions ; racemes loose; Twiggy Larkspur. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot.
spur straight, pubescent, shorter than the calyx; ovaries villous. 21 D. MACROPE’TALUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 350.) stem erect,
O. H. Native of Mauritania. Flowers like those of D. consó- much branched ; leaves smooth, membranous, lower ones pal-
lida, blue, pubescent on the outside.
mately-multifid, upper ones linear, very acute; racemes loose;
Ambiguous Larkspur. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1759. Pl. 2 ft. lower petals stipitate, ovate. O. H. Native of the north of
14 D. CARDIOPE'TALUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 347.) stem erect, a Africa about Mogador. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 55. Flowers
little branched ; leaves smooth, ternate, with multifid segments blueish-violet.
and linear lobes, those of the branches as well as the lower brac- Long-petalled Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
teas are multifid; racemes crowded ; petals stipitate, orbicular, 22 D. OBCORDA'TUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 350.) stem erect,
and cordate at the base. O. H. Native of the Pyrenees in branched : leaves smooth, cauline ones 3-lobed, with the lobes
valleys. D. peregrinum, Lam.-Moris. hist. 3. p. 466. sect. 12. t. somewhat bifid ; branch and floral leaves entire, acute; racemes
4. f. 3. Flowers dark blueish-violet.
loose ; lower petals stipitate, obcordate. O. H. Native of
Heart-petalled Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Cit. 1818. Pl. 1 ft. Barbary. Flowers blue, distant from each other.
15 D. GRA'CILE (D. Č. syst. 1. p. 347.) stem erect, a little Obcordate-petalled Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Pl. 13 foot.
branched ; leaves smoothish, stiff, ternate, many-cleft, with linear 23 D. TRIBRACTEOLA'TUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 350.) stem erect,
lobes ; those of the branches as well as the bracteas are linear ; branched; lower leaves palmately-lobed ; racemes loose; pe-
racemes lax ; petals stipitate, ovate, cordate at the base.
dicels bearing 3 bracteas; lower petals stipitate, orbicular,
Flowers pale blue, variegated with white.
cordate at the base. O. H. Native of Barbary Flowers
Var. a, glabrum (D. C. 1. c.) stem and leaves smooth. O.H. middle-sized, blue, with a straight spur, which is about 4 lines
Native of Andalusia in Spain.
long.
Var. B, velutinum (D.C. syst. 1. p. 348.) stem and leaves vel- Î'hree-bracted-pedicelled Larkspur. Fl. June, July, . Pl.
vety-pubescent. 0. H. Native of Spain about Aranjuez, 1 foot.
-
O.H.
H 2

52
RANUNCULACEÆ. XXVIII. DELPHINIUM,
-
Sect. III. DELPHINA'STRUM (an alteration from Delphinium, many-parted, with linear awl-shaped segments; racemes short; spur
which see). D. C. syst. 1. p. 351. prod. 1. p.53.
acute, longer than the flower ; capsules smooth. 4.H. Native
Ovaries 3 or 5. Petals free, lower ones usually bifid with a of Iberia. D. puníceum, var. Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. 2. p. 13.
bearded disk. Spur elongated, containing the appendages of two Flowers white or cream-coloured, pubescent on the outside.
petals. Perennial plants, they are usually called Bee Larkspur, Cream-coloured-flowered Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1817.
because the bearded petals resemble a Bee.
Pl. 2 feet.
30 D. HY'BRIDUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1229.) petioles dilated
$1. Limb of lower petals entire.
and sheathing at the base ; leaves many-parted, with linear lobes ;
24 D. GRANDIFLORUM (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 531. ed. 2. p. 749.
p
. racemes crowded ; spur straight, longer than the flower. 4. H.
Richb. ill. t. 12.) leaves palmately-many-parted into distant linear Native of Tauria and Caucasus. D. hirsutum, Pers. ench. 2.
lobes; pedicels longer than the bracteas; petals shorter than the p. 81. Lower part of plant smooth, upper part velvety-pubes-
calyx, two lower ones somewhat orbicular, with obliquely inflexed, cent. Flowers blue, with the two lower petals bearded with
entire borders ; racemes spreading, few-flowered, diverging. 4. white hairs.
H. Native of Siberia near the Volga, and in Dauria, about Var. B, fissum (Waldst. et Kit. pl. hung. 1. p. 83. t. 81.)
Oulcapin, &c. Sims, bot. mag. 1686. D. virgàtum, Jacq. fil.- racemes elongated ; lobes of lower petals narrower and longer
Mill. icon. t. 250.-Gmel. sib. 4. p. 187. t. 78. Flowers either
than in var. a. 4. H. Native of Hungary near Walachia in
double or single, large, blue, and the intermediate shades to white. bushy places. Flowers darker blue than those of var. a.
A very ornamental plant.
Hybrid Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1794. Pl. 3 to 4 feet.
Var. B, Chinénse (Fisch. in litt. Lod. bot. cab. t. 71. Rchb. 31 D. VELUTI'NUM (Bert. exc. p. 12.) petioles dilated and
ill. t. 13.) stem stiff, straight; racemes many-flowered, lateral sheathing at the base; leaves 5-parted, multifid, with linear lobes ;
ones erectish ; lower petals suborbicular ; colour of flowers easily racemes loose, and are, as well as the stems, clothed with very
changed by cultivation. 4. H. Native of China. Flowers
soft down; spur curved; lower bracteas longer than the flowers.
blue and the intermediate shades to white, with the two lower 4. H. Native of Italy on the mountains. D. hybridum var. y.
petals bearded with yellow hairs. A very ornamental plant. D. C. syst. 1. p. 554. Flowers blue.
Var. y, Fischèri (Rchb. ill. t. 14.) racemes many-flowered, Var. B, D. orientale perenne aconiti folio, flore cæruleo.
lateral ones twiggy, erectish; petals quadrate-oblong, two lower Tourn. cor. 30. 4. H. Native of Armenia.
ones obovate. 4. H. Native of China. Flowers pinkish-purple. Velvety Larkspur. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. Pl. 3-4 feet.
Great-flowered Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. 32 D. PENTA'GYNUM (Lam. dict. 2. p. 264.) petioles dilated
25 D. CHEILA'NTHUM (Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 1. p. 352.) and sheathing at the base ; lower leaves 5-lobed, with the lobes
stem erect, branched ; leaves 5-parted, with oblong, acuminated, cut and bluntish at the apex: upper leaves 5-parted, many-cleft
subtrifid and somewhat toothed lobes ; petals shorter than the into linear lobes ; petals shorter than the calyx. 4. H. Native
calyx, two lower ones with obliquely inflexed, ovate, entire limbs ; in corn-fields at Algiers, on cretaceous hills in Portugal, also
capsules reticulately-painted, pubescent.
Native of Gibraltar. Desf. atl. 1. p. 427. t. 111. Herb branched, vel-
Dauria about Doroninsk. Ker. bot. reg. t. 473. Schrank. pl. vety, or smooth at the bottom. Flowers large, blue or violet.
rar. 52. with a figure. D. Dahuricum. Stev. ined.—Gmel. sib. 4. Five-styled Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
p. 187. t. 76. Flower size and colour of those of D. grandiflorum. 33 D. MENSI'ESTI (D. C. syst. 1. p. 355.) petioles hardly di-
Lip-flowered Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1819. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. lated at the base ; leaves 5-parted, with trifid entire linear lobes,
26 D. VIRE'SCENS (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 14.) stem simple, bracteas trifid; root grumose.
. .
4. H. Native of the north-
pubescent; leaves on long footstalks, 3 or 5-parted, with linear west coast of America, Kotzebue's Sound, Puget Sound, Colum-
subtrifid segments; racemes few-flowered ; spur longer than bia River, and in California. D. tuberosum. Menz. MSS. Lindl.
the flower. 4. H. Native of North America in the plains of bot.
reg.
t. 1192. Flowers about the size and colour of those of
the Missouri. Flowers greenish ?
D. grandiflòrum, pubescent on the outside, with a straight spur.
Greenish-flowered Larkspur. Fl. June, Sept. Pl. 2 feet. Menzies's Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
§ 2. Limb of lower petals bifid.
34 D. E'LEGANS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 355.) petioles hardly di-
p
lated at the base ; leaves smooth, 5-parted, with 3-5-cleft lobes,
27 D. PUNICEUM (Pall. voy. 8. p. 327. no. 336. Lin. fil. and linear-lanceolate acute lobules; racemes loose, few-flowered;
suppl. 267.) petioles dilated and sheathing at the base ; leaves petals shorter than the calyx; spur curved, shorter than the
many-parted, even to the base, into linear lobes ; recemes elon- sepals. 4. H. Native of North America ? Flower beautiful
gated ; spur straight, blunt, rather longer than the pedicel, but dark-blue, smaller than those of D. grandiflorum.
shorter than the flower. 4. H. Native in the arid desert of Var. B, múltiplex. Flower double, of a beautiful dark-blue
Tartary about the Volga, &c. Flowers dark purple, pubescent colour. Moris. #. consp. t. 43. D. grandifòra flòre pleno, Hort.
on the outside.
This has been long known in the gardens under the name of
Var. B, Damæcòrnu, segments of leaves stalked, with diverging Double Larkspur.
lanceolate lobes. 4. H.-Gmel. sib. 4. t. 77 ? Flowers larger Elegant Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1741. Pl. 1} foot.
than in var. a.
35 D. AMæ'NUM (Stev. ined. D. C. syst. 1. p. 546.) petioles
Scarlet Larkspur. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1785. Pl. 1 foot. hardly dilated at the base ; leaves pubescent underneath, 5-parted,
28 D. ALBIFLO'RUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 353.) petioles dilated with lanceolate pinnatifid lobes, and linear acute lobules; racemes
and sheathing at the base; leaves many-parted, with linear lobes; branched; petals shorter than the calyx; spur straight. 4. H.
racemes elongated, crowded; bracteas membranous, broad-lan- Native of Siberia.—Gmel. sib. 4. p. 187. t. 77. exclusive of the
ceolate ; spur straight, blunt, rather longer than the pedicel. synonym of Amman. Flowers beautiful blue.
2. H.
Native of Armenia. Deless, icon. sel. 1. t. 58. Pleasing Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul.
Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. 2 or 3 ft.
Flowers like those of D. puniceum, but white, and smooth on the 36 D. TRICO'RNE (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 314.) petioles
outside.
smooth, hardly dilated at the base ; leaves 5-parted, with 3-5-
White-flowered Larkspur. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 3 ft. cleft lobes, and linear lobules; petals shorter than the calyx ;
29 D. OCHROLEU'CUM (Stev. diss. ined. D. C. prod. 1, p. 54. capsules 3, reflexed, arched, spreading from the base. 4.H. Na-
syst. 1. 546.) petioles dilated and sheathing at the base ; leaves tive of North America on the sides of shady and fertile hills, on
4. H.
p
.

RANUNCULACEÆ. XXVIII. DELPHINIUM.
53
a
4. H.
the banks of rivers from Virginia to Carolina ; particularly plen- Palmate-cleft-leaved Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. Pl.
tiful about Harper's Ferry on the Potowmac, Virginia. A small 2 or 3 feet.
plant with beautiful blue flowers. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 59. 44 D. INTERMEDIUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 1. p. 243.)
p.
Var. B, multiflorum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 356.) plant much more petioles not dilated at the base ; leaves cordate, 5-7-cleft, upper
pubescent; flowers from 15 to 20 in dense racemes.
ones 3-lobed, with all the lobes deeply, serrated; pedicels, brac-
Three-horned Larkspur. Fl. May, June. Pl. foot.
.
teoles, calyxes and ovaries smooth. 2. H. Native of Silesia,
37 D. SIMPLEX (Doug. MSS. in Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 25.) Hungary, Switzerland; and the Pyrenees, in alpine valleys.
petioles dilated at the base ; leaves 3-parted, profoundly jagged, Flowers blue. D. elàtum, Lin. ?
with linear lobes, and are pubescent as well as the stems; ra- Var. a, pilosíssimum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 358.) stem very hairy;
p
cemes strict, almost simple; petals bearded ; spur straight, longer leaves villous, with the nerves on the upper surface pilose ; ra-
than the limb. 4. H. Native of North America on the sub- cemes branched.
cemes branched. 4. H. Native of Siberia.--Gmel. sib. 4.
alpine range, west of the Rocky Mountains near the Columbia, p. 167. t. 80.?
plentiful. Allied to D. azureum, but that has the leaves smooth, Var. , alpinum (Waldst. et Kit. pl. hung. 3. p. 273. t. 246.)
the racemes shorter, and the flowers with a much smaller spur, stem almost smooth; leaves pubescent; racemes branched. 4.
which is curved inwards. Flowers deep blue.
H. —
Native of Hungary.-Clus. hist. 2. p. 94. f. 2.
.
Simple-stemmed Larkspur. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1826. Pl. 3 ft. Var. y, leptostàchyum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 359.) stem and pe-
38 D. AZU'REUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 314.) petioles tioles smooth ; leaves pubescent; racemes short and simple.
hardly dilated at the base; leaves 3-5-parted, many-cleft, with 4. H. Native of the Pyrenees. D. intermèdium, Lapeyr. abr.
linear lobes ; racemes straight; petals all bearded at the apex, p. 304. ?
lower ones very villous. 4. H. Native of North America on Var. d, ranunculifolium (D. C. syst. 1. p. 359.) stem smooth;
the borders of woods in a sandy soil, from Carolina to Georgia. petioles pilose; leaves pubescent; racemes simple, lax.
On the banks of the Missouri and Mississippi. Flowers large, Native of Switzerland.
beautiful sky-blue.
Var. ε, lá xum (D. C. 1.c.) stem and leaves smooth, with acutely
Sky-blue Larkspur. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1805. Pl. 3 feet. cut lobes : racemes lax, branched. 4. H.-Mill. icon. t. 119.
39 D. EXALTA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 244.) pe- Intermediate Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1710. Pl. 4 to 8 ft.
tioles not dilated at the base ; leaves flat, cleft into 3-5-7-parts 45 D. CUNEA'TUM (Stev. diss. ined. D. C. syst. 1. p. 359.) pe-
1
.
beyond the middle, with wedge-shaped lobes which are trifid or tioles not dilated at the base ; leaves wedge-shaped at the base,
jagged, and acuminated at the apex; racemes straight; spur 5-7-lobed, with the lobes cut and acute ; racemes lax, branched;
straight, length of the calyx. 4. H.
4. H. Native of North Ame- bracteas and calyxes smooth; capsules rather pubescent. 4.H.
rica in rocky shady places in the mountains of Virginia and Ca- Native of Russia at the lower Volga. Deless.icon, sel. 1. t. 61.
rolina and on the Rocky Mountains. D. tridáctylum, Mich. fl. Ker. bot. reg. 327. D. hybridum, Lin. herb. D. azùreum.
bor. amer. 1.
p.
314. Flowers blue, middle sized, sometimes hort. D. elàtum ß, Lam. dict. 2. p. 265. Flowers beautiful
white.
blue, with brownish petals, two lower petals bearded with yel-
Exalted or Bee Larkspur. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1758. Pl. 3 to low hairs.
6 feet.
Var.B, pubiflòrum, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 55.) pedicels, bracteoles,
40 D. URCEOLA'TUM (Jacq. coll. 1. p. 153. icon. rar. 1. t. 101.) calyxes and younger capsules velvety with fine dense down. 2.
petioles not dilated at the base ; leaves concave, cleft beyond the H. Native about Saratof.
middle into three, with wedge-shaped lobes, which are cut and Wedge-leaved Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. Pl. 3 or 4 ft.
acuminated at the apex; racemes straight; spur straight, rather 46 Ď. VILLO'SUM (Stev. in litt. hort. dorp. D. C. prod. 1.
longer than the calyx. 4. H. Native of North America ? p. 53.) petioles hardly dilated at the base ; leaves smooth, cu-
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1791. Upper part of stem smooth, lower neated at the base, 3-5-lobed, with the lobes cut and acute; ra-
part pubescent. Flowers blue, suffused with red, not pure blue. cemes lax ; pedicels bracteate, and are, as well as capsules,
Urceolate-leaved Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1801. Pl. 5 feet. villous ; spur straight. 4. H. Native of? Flowers blue.
41 D. REVOLU'TUM (Desf. cat. h. par. ed. 2. p. 148.) petioles An intermediate plant between D.cuneàtum and D.dyctiocárpum.
not dilated at the base ; leaves orbicular, cordate, 5-cleft, with Villous Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. 4 or 6 feet.
cut, acute, deflexed lobes; pedicels furnished with 3 bracteas; 47 D. DYCTIOCA'RPUM (D.C. syst. 1. p. 360.) petioles not di-
p.
ovaries smooth. 4.H. Native? Stem fistular, mealy. Flowers lated at the base ; leaves 5-7-lobed ; lobes, oblong, acute, and
pale blue with brown petals.
deeply pinnatifid ; upper leaves somewhat 3-parted, with narrow
Revolute-leaved Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 or 5 feet. entirish lobes; racemes lax, branched ; bracteas and calyxes
42 D. mesOLEU CUM (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 80.) leaves smooth ; capsules reticulated, with the keel and margin ciliated.
rather dilated at the base, with wedge-shaped segments, which 4. H. Native of Siberia. Habit of D. elàtum or D. cuneatum.
are deeply serrated at the top; upper part of the stem as well as Flowers beautiful blue with brown petals, two lower petals hispid,
the peduncles pubescent. Native of? Moris, Al. consp. t. 25.
? Moris, fl. consp. t. 25. with yellow hairs.
with yellow hairs. Spur straight. A smooth plant.
Flowers blue, with pale yellow or whitish petals.
Netted-capsuled Larkspur. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. 4 or 6 ft.
Middle-white-flowered Larkspur. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. 48 D. LAXIFLORUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 360.) petioles not dilated
p
Pl. 3 feet.
at the base ; leaves 3-7-lobed, with the lobes oblong, acute, an
43 D. PALMATIFIDUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 358.) petioles not di- deeply pinnatifid: upper leaves somewhat 3-parted, with narrow,
lated at the base; leaves ciliated, 5-cleft, somewhat truncate at entire lobes ; racemes loose, branched; bracteoles and ovaries
the base, with the lobes cut at the apex : upper leaves of 3 entire pubescent. 2. H. Native of Siberia. Stems hispid at the
trifid lobes ; with the nerves hairy underneath ; bracteoles, cap- bottom. Flowers blue.
.
sules, and calyxes smooth. 4. H. Native of Siberia. Flowers Lax-flowered Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Pl. 4 or 6 feet.
blue, with brownish petals.
49 V. MONTA'NUM (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 641. syst. 1. p. 360.)
Var. a, hispidum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 358.) stems hispid with petioles not dilated at the base ; leaves pubescent, 5-lobed, lobes
spreading hairs; pedicels smoothish.—Gmel. sib. 4. p. 187. t. 79. wedge-shaped at the base, but trifid and cut at the apex ; ra-
Var. ß, glabéllum (D. C. 1. c.) stem almost smooth; pedicels cemes simple ; bracteas, calyxes, and capsules pubescent; spur
rather hispid with spreading hairs. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 187. t. 75.? bent inwards. 4. H. Native of the Pyrenees and the Alps of

54
RANUNCULACEÆ. XXVIII. DELPHINIUM. XXIX. ACONITUM.
Provence, Piedmont, and Switzerland. D. hirsutum, Roth. scarcely pubescent, upper part hispid with long crowded spread-
Beitr. 88. D. elàtum, All. pedem. no. 1504. D. elátum, var. a, ing hairs. Leaves on long stalks, lower ones cleft into 5 broad
Lam. dict. 2. p. 265. D. intermèdium, Lois. not. p. 86. Herb cuneated 3-5-toothed lobes, upper ones divided into 5-linear
velvety, with down. Flowers blue, pubescent.
entire lobes. Flowers blueish, hispid.
Var. B, bracteosum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 361.) lower bracteas Requien's Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1} foot.
longer than the flowers; petals all bearded at the top. 4.H. 56 D. Píctum (Willd. enum. 574.) spur about the length of
Native on the Alps about Barcelonne. A more luxuriant plant the calyx ; bracteas inserted at the base of the pedicels ; petioles
than var. a.
pubescent; pedicels hardly longer than the flowers.
3. H.
Mountain Larkspur. Fl. June. July. Clt. 1816. Pl. 4 to 6 ft. Native of the south of Europe. Sweet. fl
. gard. t. 123. D.
50 D. DASYCA'RPUM (Stev. ined. D. C. syst. 1. p. 547.) pe- staphyságria, Woodv. med. bot. t. 154. D. marítimum, Cav,
tioles not dilated at the base ; leaves pubescent, 5-lobed ; lobes Differing from D. píctum in the leaves being 5-7-cleft, usually
lanceolate, somewhat trifid, deeply toothed at the apex; racemes variegated with white; racemes more crowded, and the pedicels
simple, pubescent ; pedicels thrice as long as the bracteas; sepals longer. Flowers lead-coloured, or variegated with white. The
rather villous, twice as long as the petals ; spur straight. 4. H. seeds of this plant, as well as the preceding, possess the same
Native of Caucasus about Nartsa. Flowers a little larger than medical qualities as D. staphysàgria.
those of D. montànum, of a beautiful blue, with dark brown Painted-leaved Larkspur. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1800. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
petals. Capsules pubescent.
57 D. míxtum (Lois. fl. gen. fr. pt. 2.) spur short, hooked ;
.
Thick-capsuled Larkspur. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. 4 or 6 ft. bracteas inserted at the base of the pedicels ; flowers large,
51 D. CARE'LA (Hamilt. mss. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 195.) longer than the pedicels ; leaves sub-5-lobed ; lobes entire. .
petioles not dilated at the base ; leaves 5-lobed, hairy, with. H. Native of Provence. Flowers blue, variegated with white.
deeply-lobed wedge-shaped segments; bracteas and calyxes Mixed Larkspur. Fl. June, July. Pl. 2 feet.
pilose; spurs curved, obtuse, length of pedicels; capsules smooth. 58 D. STAPHYSA'GRIA (Lin. spec. 750.) spur very short ;
4. H. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. D. scabriflòrum, D. bracteoles inserted at the base of the pedicels ; petioles hairy;
Don. in Wern. mem. 3. p. 412. Stem pilose towards the top. pedicels twice as long as flower. 3.
W. H. Native among rubbish
Racemes straight, few-flowered. Flowers of a dirty-blue colour. in the south of Europe and Teneriffe. Smith fl. græc. 508.-
Capsules 3. Carela is the name of the plant in Nipaul.
Trag. stirp. p. 902.-Bauh. hist. 3. p. 641 and 642. f. 1. Cam.
Carela Larkspur. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 4 feet.
epit. 947. A large erect herb. Leaves 5-9-cleft. Flower lax
52 D. SPECIÒSUM (Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. 2. p. 12.) petioles not blue, with whitish petals. The seeds are usually brought from
dilated at the base, leaves pubescent, 5-lobed ; lobes deeply Italy. They are large and rough, of an irregular triangular
serrated ; bracteas lanceolate, villous, clammy; spur curved; figure, of a blackish colour on the outside and yellowish within ;
capsules smooth. 4. H. Native of Caucasus on Alp Krais- they have a disagreeable smell, and a very nauseous bitterish-
chaur. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 62. Flowers blue, with dark- burning taste.
.
A new alkaloid, called Delphània, is obtained
brown petals, the two lower ones bearded with yellow hairs in the from the seed in the usual manner, either by boiling the decoc-
disk and white hairs on the margins.
tion with pure magnesia, separating the fluid by filtration, and
Shewy Larkspur. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. 2 to 4 feet. boiling the residium with alcohol, which lets fall as it cools the
53 D. FLEXUÒSÜM (Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. 2. p. 12.) petioles
.
alkaloid in white flakes; or by acting upon the bruised seeds by
not dilated at the base ; leaves 5-lobed ; lobes cut; stem flexuous, diluted sulphuric acid, and adding sub-carbonate of potass, which
and is as well as petioles hairy ; bracteas linear; capsules smooth. precipitates the alkaloid.
precipitates the alkaloid. Delphinia is soluble in alcohol and
4. H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia. Trev. delp. obs.
p.
15. ether, sparingly so in water, saturates acids, and is precipitated
t. 1 and 2. f. a. b. c. and d. D. ciliàtum, suppl. enum. hort. by alkalies. Its salts rarely form regular crystals, but a hard
dorp. 1811. ex Stev. Stems reddish, and furnished with a few transparent mass.-Stavesacre was employed by the ancients as
white hairs. Flowers smaller than those of D. speciosum, blue, a cathartic, but it operates with so much violence both upwards
with dark-brown petals.
and downwards, that its internal use has been for some time
Flexuous-stemmed Larkspur. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. almost laid aside. It is chiefly employed in external applications
3 or 4 feet.
for some kinds of cutaneous eruptions, and for destroying lice
54 D. TRÍSTE (Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 1. p. 362.) petioles and other insects ; insomuch that from this virtue it has received
not dilated at the base ; leaves 3-5-parted ; lobes narrow, some- its name in different languages.
what pinnatifid, acute; upper leaves 3-parted, with entire lobes ; Stavesacre or Lousewort Larkspur. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1596.
racemes loose ; capsules pubescent. 4.H. Native of Dauria Pl. 2 or 3 feet.
and Siberia. D. obscurum, Stev. diss. ined. Flowers dark-
brown, suffused with a little red at the edges of the sepals, and N.B. D. VERDUE'NSE of Balbis, a native of Gascony, we are
with a somewhat violaceous spur, (Fisch.) but according to not acquainted with. It may probably prove a synonym of one
Steven. they are dark-purple; they smell somewhat like bugs. or other of the species above.
Sad-coloured Larkspur. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1819. Pl. 2 ft.
Cult. All the species of Larkspur are very ornamental border
Sect. IV. STAPHISA'GRIA (otapıs, staphis, a bunch of dry
flowers, and will grow in any common garden soil.
common garden soil. The herba-
ceous perennial species are increased by dividing the plants at
raisins; aypia, agria, wild, in allusion to the dry wrinkled seed
the roots or by seeds. The biennial and annual species only re-
bearing some resemblance to a dry raisin.) c. and J. Bauh.
quire to be sown in the open border, where they will flower and
D. C. syst. 1. p. 362. prod. 1. p. 56. Ovaries from 3 to 5.
seed freely. The perennial species of Delphinium are very apt
Petals free. Spur short, containing the appendages of two petals.
to mix with each other in the gardens, and on that account very
Capsules ventricose. Seeds few, large, rather globose. Bien-
few of the unadulterated species are to be met with in cultiva-
nials.
55 D. REQUIE'NII (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 642. syst. 1. p. 362.) tion, most of them being hybrids.
p)
spur almost as long as the calyx; bracteas inserted on the mid-
dle of the pedicels. 7. H. Native of the Stoechades Islands XXIX. ACONI'TUM (said to be derived from Acona, a
Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 63. Lower part of herb smooth, or town in Bithynia: some species grow plentiful there.) Tourn.
a
-
>

RANUNCULACEÆ. XXIX. ACONITUM.
55
a
4. H.
blue;
inst. 1. p. 424. t. 239 and 240. Lin. gen, no. 682. D. C. syst. 1. and the Pyrenees. A. Anthòra, Jacq. austr. t. 382. y, Jacquiu-
p. 364. prod. 1. p. 56. Ser. mus. hely. 1. p. 115. Rchb. Uebers. iànum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 131.
p. 13. illus. gen. Acon. atque. Delp.
Var. 1, inclinatum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 131. t. 15. f. 2.)
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Tri-Pentagynia. Calyx of 5 petal-like, panicle flowers and fruit pubescent; helmet high, conical, with
irregular, deciduous or marcescent sepals, with the upper sepal an incumbent beak ; flowers yellow. 4. H. Native of the Alps
concave and helmet-shaped. Petals 2 (or hollow nectaries), of Jura.
hidden within the helmet, on long stalks, expanded into a hollow Var. 0, multicucullatum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 132. t. 16.)
.
inverted tube at the apex, drawn out at the ends into a spur, lateral petals cucullate ; lateral sepals helmet-shaped.
which is either straight, hooked, or twisted.—Herbaceous peren- Native of the Alps of Jura.
nial herbs, with tuberous, fibrous or napiform roots, and palmate- Counter-poison Aconite. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1596. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
parted leaves, with the partitions deeply toothed or multifid. 2 A. PALL'ASII (Rchb. uebers. p. 18. acon. p. 72. t. 6. f. A.
Racemes terminal, with 1-flowered pedicels rising from the axils ill. t. 60.) spur continuous. 4. H. Native of Siberia. A. An-
of the bracteas, each furnished with two bracteoles. Flowers thòra, Pall. Bieb. Flowers yellow, and are as well as the fruit
large, irregular, yellow, cream-coloured, blue or white, or mixed
pubescent
with these colours. The species are all poisonous; the root Pallas's Aconite. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1821.
Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
is the most powerful part.
3 A. ANTHOROIDEUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 366. Rchb. uebers. p.
This
genus is called in English Monks-hood and Wolfs-bane; 19. acon. p. 68. t. 4. ill. t. 61.) spur refracted; germens bearded.
the former from the shape of the flower; the latter from the poi- 2.
4. H. Native of Siberia. A. Anthòra, Bieb.? Pall.? Panicle
sonous quality of the plants.
flowers and fruit pubescent.
Var. B, versícolor; flowers smoothish, yellow variegated with
Sect. I. ANTHOROÌDEA (applied to this section because the helmet low, rather conical. 2. H. Native of Iberia. A.
plants it contains agree with A. Anthòra, a syncope of Anti-thora, Anthòra, var. versícolor, Stev. ined.
that is to say, counter-poison.) Rchb. uebers. p. 13. Sect. 1. Anthora-like Aconite. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
Anthòra, D. C. syst. 1. p. 364. Calyx permanent. Petals (nec-
taries) supine, somewhat hooked, lip obcordate, tapering into
Sect. II. NAPELLOIDEA (a name applied to this section on
the pedicel. Stamens smoothish. Capsules 5, erect. Helmet
arched. Flowers cream-coloured, sometimes variegated with
account of the plants it contains agreeing in character with A.
blue
. Leaves palmately cut into linear lobes. Roots napiform. Napellus, which is derived from napus, a turnip, on account of
form
appearance
of little black
1 A. AnthÒRA (Lin. spec. 751. Rchb. ill
. t. 59.) spur refract- turnips.) Rchb. uebers. p. 13. Sect. IV. Napéllus, D. C. syst. 1.
.
ed ; germens equally pubescent. 4. H. Native of the Pyrenees,
p. 371. prod. 1. p. 62. Calyx deciduous. Petals (nectaries)
Switzerland, Hungary, Italy, &c. A ochroleucum, Salisb.-Lob. supine, obtuse or capitate, with a bifid lip. Stamens pilose.
Stirp. ed. 1576. p. 385.—Clus. hist. V. p. 98.-Barrel. icon. 609, Capsules usually 3 (rarely 2 to 7) young ones diverging. Pe-
&c. Flowers pale yellow. This species was formerly made
duncles nodding. Helmet convex, hemispherical or arched (se-
use of in medicine, and recommended as an antidote to the
poisonous species : whence by some writers it is called Anthora bipinnate. Roots tuberous. Flowers blue, white, whitish-blue,
micircular, rarely navicular, D. C.) Lobes of leaves cuneate,
and Antithora, the poisonous ones having been named Thora.
and yellowish-blue.
The taste of the root is sweet, with a mixture of bitterness and
acrimony. The smell is pleasant. It purges vehemently when
§ Peduncles smooth.
fresh, but loses its qualities when dried; it is disused in the
present practice; and is certainly poisonous, but perhaps in a 4 A. KOELLE A'NUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 19. acon. t. 11. f. 1.)
less degree than those of the other sections. Haller regards it spur blunt; filaments smooth.
;
21. H. Native of Switzerland
as one of the most dangerous.
and Carinthia, &c. Rchb. ill. t. 72. A. Napéllus, Wulfen. Koelle.
Var. B, grandiflorum (Rchb. uebers. p. 15. acon. p. 63. t. spicel. with a figure. A. manuale, Sieb. A. Taúricum, Hoppe.
1. f. B.) panicle flowers and fruit pubescent; flowers yellow, pl. exsicc. A. Napéllus, ß, spicàtum, Ser. mus. 1. p. 154. D. C.
large; helmet rather conical. 4. H. Native of the Alps of prod. 1. p. 62. Flowers disposed in loose spikes of a deep blue
Jura, &c.
colour; bracteas short; helmet semicircular.
Var. Y, eúlophum (Rchb. uebers. p. 15. acon. p. 69. t. 5.) Var. B, crassicaúle (Rchb. uebers. p. 19.) stem thick. 4.H.
panicles and flowers puberulous; helmet conical; flowers yel- Native of Switzerland and Carinthia.
;
low. 2. H. Native of Caucasus and the Alps of Jura, &c. Var. Y, pymæum (Rchb. acon. t. 21. f. 1.) flowers 3-8 in a
Var. d, Decandóllii (Rchb. uebers. p. 16. acon. p. 67. t. 3.) spike, deep blue. Leaves crowded. A. Napéllus, ò pygmæ'um,
panicle and flowers pubescent; helmet rather conical, bent, with a Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 154.
.
21. H. Native of Switzerland. .
short, abrupt, and acuminated beak. Lobes of leaves rather broad, Koelle's Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 to 4 feet.
and are as well as the stem dark green. 4. H. Native of the 5 A. TAURICUM (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 112. icon. rar. 3.
mountains of Gavarn and at Port Espagne in the Pyrenees. A. t. 49. Rchb. acon. p. 87. t. 12. f. 2-3.) spur blunt ; filaments
Anthòra B, atrovírens, D. C. syst. 1. p. 366. Flowers yellow. pilose ; helmet closed, hemispherical; peduncles erect.
Var. ε, nemorosum (Bieb. ex Rchb. uebers. p. 16. acon. p. 71. Native of Germany and Switzerland. Rchb. illus. t. 63. Koelle.
t. 6. f. *) panicle and flowers pubescent; helmet somewhat co- acon. A. densiflòrum, Hoppe. bot. Z. 1818. p. 142. A. lætum,
nical, bent, beak short. Lobes of leaves broad. Flowers yellow. Rchb. acon. 89. t. 13. f. 2. Koehlèri, commutàtum and plicatum,
4. H. Native of Siberia and Caucasus. A. tuberòsum, Patrin, Rchb. uebers. are hardly varieties of this species. A. Napellus
A. Anthòra d, latílobum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 131.
lætum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 157. A. Napéllus y, bracteòsum,
Var. 5, glabriflòrum (Rchb, uebers. p. 15.) flowers smooth, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 154. A. Napéllus, Haenk. Koell.-Clus.
—
yellow. 4. H. Native of the Eastern Pyrenees in the valley hist. 2. p. 95. f. 2.-Gerard, herb. 973. f. 6. Very like A.
called d'Eynes.
Napéllus, but the lateral sepals are smooth, not pilose inside.
Var. k, Jacquínii (Rchb. uebers. p. 17. acon. p. 65. t. 2.) Flowers deep blue, disposed in dense racemes. Segments of
flowers smooth; helmet somewhat conical, drawn out into an leaves almost pedately disposed and divided into linear acumi-
elongated beak; flowers yellow. 4. H. Native of Austria nate lobes.
1
4.
4. H.
п
-

56
RANUNCULACEÆ. XXIX. ACONITUM. .
4. H.
-
-
-
P.
7
દ,
5. oyren-
.
Var.ß, squarròsum (Rchb. uebers. p. 20.) Native of Switzer- Schleichèri elongatum, Schleich. cat. 1821. p. 5. A. vulgàre
land. Flowers deep blue.
B, pubescens, D. C. syst. 1. p. 372. .
Taurian Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. Pl. 3 to 4 feet. Var. B, A. N. Schleichèri Luxúrians (Rchb. ill. t. 1. f. 2.) pe-
6 A. FORMÒSUM (Rchb. webers. p. 36. acon. t. 18. f. 2.) spur duncles long; bracteas large, jagged, longer than the flowers;
obtuse; filaments pilose; helmet spreading ; lip short.
racemes loose. 4. H. Native of Switzerland. A. Napellus
Native of Switzerland, Austria ; Salzburg on mount Untersberg. spicâ foliosâ, Schleich. cat. 1815, p. 5. A. Schleichèri ß, co-
Rchb. ill. t. 64. A. Napéllus, Hoppe, cent exsicc. A. híans, mòsum, Rchb. uebers. p. 36.-Moris. hist. 3. p. 464. sect. 12.
Clusii, confertum, and rígidum, Rchb. Flowers blueish-purple t. 3. f. 19.
in loose racemes. A. paniculatum, var. K, cérnuum, D. C. prod.
Var.
A. N. Lobelianum (Rchb. ill. t. 3.) stem erectish;
1. p. 60.
partitions of leaves elongated with diverging segments; racemes
Beautiful Aconite. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1824. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. elongated, loose, with a few small racemes at the base. 4. H.
7 A. ACUTUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 21. acon. t. 14. f. 2.) spur Native of Dauphiny and Switzerland. —Lobel. stirp. ed. 1576.
capitate; filaments smooth; helmet closed, arched, beaked. 2. p. 387. icon.-Clus. hist. 5. p. 76. with a figure.—Dod. pempt.
H. Native of Switzerland, Tyroles, and Alps above Judenburg. ed. 1583. p. 438, with a good figure.
ed. 1583. p. 438, with a good figure. Flowers violet or white,
Carinthia and Transylvania. A. Napéllus, Sieb. Wahl. Schultz.
,
smooth. Pistils 3, smooth. Fruit veiny ; stem 2-4 feet. N.
A. Kælleànum, fi'rmum, Rchb. acon. t. 14. f. 2. A. Napéllus, Lob. 1. Luxurians (Rchb. ill. t. 3. f. 2.) plant strong. N. Lob. 2.
W. rostellàtum, Ser. mus. helv. 1.
p.
156.
albiflòrum (Rchb. ill. t. 2. f. 3.) flowers white.
Var. B, pygmæum (Vest. Rchb. uebers. p. 21.) plant small. Var. O, A. N. Bauhini (Rchb. ill. t. 4.) stem straight, long,
4. H. Native of the Alps of Styria 6000 feet above the level bránched ; partitions of leaves linear, dilated, very long. 4. H.
of the sea and Transylvania. A. Napéllus, ß nànum, Baumg. Native of Switzerland, &c.-Bauh. hist. 3. 655, with a mid-
A. fi'rmum, ß pygmæ'um, Rchb. uebers. p. 21.
.
dling figure.—Chabr. Sciagr. p. 531. f. 2. and p. 527. f. 2. A.
Acute-beaked Aconite. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. neomontànum, Schleich. cat. 1815. p. 5. A. Hallèri ramò-
8 A. HOPPEA'NUM (Rchb. illus. t. 65.) spur capitate; fila- sum, Rchb. uebers. p. 28. and A. Hallèri. A. Napéllus 5, ra-
ments smooth; helmet gaping. 4. H. Native of Carinthia. mosum, Schleich. 1822. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p.
154. Racemes
A. Hóppii. Rchb. uebers. p. 24. A. Napéllus i, Hoppeánum. elongated, loose, with a few lateral ascending ones. Flowers of
Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 155. A. Mielichhóferi, Rchb. Flowers an opaque violet-colour. Fruit veiny. Stem 4-6 feet, ,
blue in loose spikes; helmet falcate-navicular, beaked. Lobes Var. £, A. N. b, compactum (Rchb. ill. t. 2.) stem straight,
of leaves bluntish.
simple, thickish, densely leafy; segments of leaves elongated;
Hoppe's Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1-3 feet. racemes compact, nearly simple. 4. H. Native of
9 A. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Bernh. Willd. Rchb. acon. 95. t. 15. nees and Switzerland. A. Napéllus, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 917.
f. 2. ueber. p. 24.) spur capitate; filaments smooth ; helmet No. 4682. Lapeyr. hist. pl. pyr. p. 305. A. compáctum. Rchb.
closed hemispherical ; lip bifid. 4. H. Native of Siberia and uebers.
p.
27.
Syria. A. Napéllus X, anthoræfòlium, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 1. Flore violacea-cyaneo (Rchb. ill. t. 2. f. 1.) flowers violet-
159. Flowers deep blue in spiked panicles. Leaves like those blue.
of A. Anthòra.
2. Flore-rubello (Rchb.) flowers red. 21. H. Native of
Var. f, tenuifolium (Rchb. uebers. p. 24.), lobes of leaves Switzerland. A. compáctum, var. B, floribus rubéllis, Rchb.
very fine, bluntish, scarcely diverging. 4. H. Native of the
, diverging. 4. 6. Native of the uebers. p. 27. A. Napéllus. 7. rubéllum, Ser. mus. helv. 1.
Alps of Vochin and Styria. A. venústum ß, ramòsum, Rchb.
,
uebers. p. 28. A. Napéllus B, B, tenuifòlium, Ser. mus. helv. 1. Var. &, viridiflorum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 158.) flowers in
loose spikes; helmet semicircular, hardly emarginate, blue,
Narrow-leaved Aconite. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl. 2-3 ft. marked with green lines.
10 A. EUSTA'CHIUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 24. acon. t. 15. f. 3.) Var. n, maculàtum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 159.) flowers
spur capitate, filaments and lip pilose; helmet gaping, hemisphe- spiked, blue spotted with white.
rical. 4. H. Native of Mount Baldo. A. Napéllus, Pona. A. Var.9, multicucullàtum (Ser.icon. ined. and. mus. helv.1. p.156.)
Napéllus , falcàtum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 155. Flowers in- Var. laciniosum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 159.) flowers loosely
tense purple in spiked panicles. Pedicels long. Limb of helmet spiked and panicled, large, blue, somewhat conical ; segments of
entire. Leaves like those of A. Anthòra.
leaves profound, linear, acute.
Well-spiked Aconite. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. '1824. Pl. 2-3 feet. Var. k, Halleri bícolor (Rchb. uebers. p. 28.) flowers white
variegated with blue, disposed in spikes or panicles. 4. H.
$ 6. Peduncles pubescent.
Native of Switzerland on Mount Stockhorn. A. bícolor, Schultz.
obs. bot. 101. A. vulgàre y, bícolor. D. C. syst. 1. p. 372.
11 A. Nape'llus (Lin. spec. 751. Rchb. uebers. p. 25. illus.
.
A. Napéllus v, bícolor. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 158.
t. 1.) spur capitate ; helmet convex-hemispherical, gaping, Linnæus
says,
that A. Napéllus is fatal to kine and goats, espe-
smoothish ; lip of nectary revolute ; peduncles erect; leaves cially when they come fresh to it, but that it does no injury to horses
pedately 5-parted. 4. H. Native of Switzerland and Styria, &c. who eat it only when dry. He also relates in the Stockholm
Var. A. N. Schleichèri (Rchb. ill. t. 1.) stem straight (or in- acts, that an ignorant surgeon prescribed the leaves, and on the
fracted) simple, slender ; partitions of leaves finely jagged; ra- patient refusing to take them, he took them himself and died.
cemes short; petals somewhat exserted. 4. H. Native of The ancients, who were unacquainted with chemical poisons, re-
Europe. A. vulgàre, D. C. syst. 1. p. 371. Stem smooth. garded the Aconite as the most violent of all poisons ; and accord-
Racemes short, never much crowded. Flowers middle sized, ingly fabled it to be the invention of Hecate, and to have sprung
blue or violet, pubescent when young.
Pistils 3, smooth.
from the foam of Cerberus. Its real virulence is, however, suffi-
Var. a, A. N. Schleichèri normale (Rchb. ill. t. 1. f. 1.) leaves ciently established by fatal experiment. Some persons, only by
.
more finely cut; racemes denser. 4. H. Native of Switzer- taking in the effluvia of the herb in full flower by the nostrils,
land. A. Taúricum, Schleich. cat. 1815. A. Nap. Taúricus have been seized with swooning fits, and have lost their sight for
Ser. cat. A. Nap. d. densum, Gaud. Al. helv. ined. A. Schlei- two or three days. But the root is unquestionably the most
chèri, Rchb. ueber. p. 35. A. tenuifolium, Schleich. in litt. A. powerful part of the plant. Matthiolus relates that a criminal
p. 158.
p. 159.
Ly
K,
,

RANUNCULACEÆ. XXIX. ACONITUM.
57
17 A. AUTUMNAS FI. June, July.
.
was put to death by taking one drachm of it. Dodonæus gives of Europe. A. hùmile Bernhardi, but not of Salisb. Flowers
us an instance of five persons at Antwerp who ate of the root by blue. A very elegant species.
mistake and all died. Dr. Turner also mentions that some Var. B, álbidum (Bernh. Rchb. uebers. p. 31.). 4. H. Na-
Frenchmen at the same place, eating the shoots of this plant for tive of Austria, the Pyrenees, and Switzerland. A. Napéllus
those of Masterwort, all died in the course of two days, except flore albo, Crantz. A. Napéllus o albifòrum, Ser. mus. helv. 1.
ф
two players, who quickly evacuated all they had eaten by vomit- p. 158. Flowers white, disposed in loose spikes.
ing. We have an account, in the Philosophical Transactions, of Bernhardi's Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 2-3 feet.
a man who was poisoned in the year 1732 by eating some of the 16 A. E'MINENS (Koch. ex Rchb. uebers. p. 85.) spur capi-
plant in a salad instead of celery, and Dr. Willis in his De Anima tate ; filaments pilose; helmet closed ; lip very long, refracted ;
Brutorum, gives an instance of a man who died in a few hours peduncles erectly spreading. 4. H. Native of Europe. A.
by eating the tender leaves of this plant, also in a salad. He neomontànum, hort. paris. Flowers blue.
was seized with all the symptoms of mania.
Clt. 1800. Pl. 2-4 feet.
The Aconite, thus invested with terrors, has however been so
(. acon. t. 17. f. 2.) spur
.
far subdued as to become a powerful remedy in some of the most capitate ; filaments pilose ; helmet open, convex ; peduncles
troublesome disorders incident to the human frame. Baron Stoerck rigidly spreading. 4. H. Native of Europe. Rchb. ill
. t. 67.
led the way by administering it in violent pains in the side and A. Napéllus ε, gróssum. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 157. Flowers
p
joints, in glandulous Scirrhi, tumours, ulcerous tubercles of the in loose panicles of a blueish-purple colour.
breast, &c. to the quantity of from ten to thirty grains in a dose Autumnal Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 3-4 feet.
of an extract, the method of making which he describes. In 18 A. PYRAMIDA'LE (Mill. dict. Rchb. uebers. p. 48. acon. t.
Sweden successful experiments have been made of an extract of 17. f. 2. ill. t. 68.) spur capitate ; filaments pilose; helmet
the juice of the leaves, in cases of rheumatisms and intermittent closed; peduncles erectly-spreading, longer than the flowers.
fevers, given in doses of from a grain to a scruple twice a day or 44. H. Native of Thuringia, Bohemia, and Styria. A. Napél-
oftener. A much larger dose has also been safely administered. lus Leysser. A. neomontànum, Spreng. Flowers blueish-purple.
It is recommended, however, to begin with a small quantity; a Var. B, densiflorum (Rchb. uebers. p. 48.) racemes elongated,
caution the more necessary, when we consider the fatal effects crowded, with numerous axillary small racemes.
2. H. A.
which ignorantly eating the recent herb has sometimes produced. Pyramidàle, true, Mill. dict.
According to Dr. Murray, in his app. med. the chief virtue of the Var. 7, elongatum (Rchb. uebers. p. 48.) racemes elongated,
plant is in rheumatic and other chronic disorders. In all these with very few short axillary racemes.
cases the extract above mentioned is the best preparation. It Var. 8, bícolor (Rchb. uebers. p. 48.) flowers white, edged
has also been said to be of considerable service in venereal cases, with blue. 4. H. A. variegatum Hortul. with A. versícolor
even those of a confirmed nature: to have even discussed nodes, and Stoerkiànum bícolor.
and cured obstinate ulcers, &c. In the Gutta Serena its efficacy Pyramidal Aconite. Fl. July, Aug.
Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 4 feet. .
has been commended; but perhaps not so certainly as in the 19 A. ACUMINA'TUM (Rchb. ill. uebers. p. 48.) spur capitate,
forementioned disorders. The powder of the dried leaves is now filaments pilose; helmet closed, conical, beaked. 2. H. Na-
more commonly used. All the species belonging to this section tive of ? Supposed to be a hybrid between A. cérnuum and A.
possess the same qualities, and indeed nearly the whole genus. Napéllus. Flowers blueish-purple. A. paniculatum ß, acumi-
Napel, or Monks'-wood. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1596. Pl. 2-3 ft. natum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 144.
12 A. LAʼXUM (Rchb. mon. t. 15. f. 4.) spur capitate; lip or- Acuminated Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 2-4 feet.
bicular, obcordate ; filament with a few long hairs; helmet gaping, 20 A. MULTI'FIDUM (Koch. Rchb. ill. t. 70.) spur capitate ;
arched. 4. H. Native of Switzerland. A. Napéllus į mi- filaments pilose; helmet closed, arched ; peduncles erectly-
crophyllum, Gaud. ined.? Flowers blue, few, disposed in a loose spreading. 4. H. Native of Switzerland and Siberia. A. gigan-
panicle
tèum Amman. A. venústum laxiflòrum virgatum and callibó-
Loose-flowered Aconite. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2-3 ft. trys, Rchb. A. volubile, Koll. 21. A. eriostèmum, D. C.
13 A. FUNCKIA'NUM (Rchb. ill. t. 66.) spur capitate ; filaments syst. 1. p. 377. A. Napéllus n, virgàtum , macrostachyum,
pilose; helmet open, convex; peduncles loose, erect, elongated. Ser. mus. helv. 1.
Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 155. p. 154.
154. Flowers blueish-purple, dis-
4. H. Native of Salzburg on Mount Untersberg, Switzerland, posed in long beautiful spikes.
and the Pyrenees. A. Funckii. Rchb. uebers. p. 28.
28. A.
Multifid Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 feet.
béscens, Monch. Rchb. A. Napéllus ß, pubescens, D. C. syst. 21 A. AMBI'GUUM (Rchb. ill. t. 23.) spur capitate ; filaments
1. p. 372. A. angustifolium and squarròsum, Koch, Willd. smooth; helmet closed, hemispherical, arched, obtuse ; lip ob-
enum. suppl, Flowers blue. Plant pubescent.
cordate. 4. H. Native of Siberia. Leaves smooth. Racemes
Funck's Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. Pl. 2-3 feet. loose, 'very seldom bearing many small lateral racemes. Flowers
14 A. NEUBERGE'NSE (Clus. D. C. syst. 1. p. 373. Rchb. ill.
p
. smooth, pale blue.
t. 69.) spur capitate; filaments pilose; helmet closed, hemisphe- Ambiguous Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 2-3 feet.
.
rical ; peduncles spreading ; lip revolute. 4. H. Native of
Styria at Neuberg, Carinthia, Austria, Carniola, and the Pyren-
† Species not sufficiently known, belonging to section Napel-
loidea.
nees, &c. A. Napéllus, Jacq. fl. aust. 4. t. 381. A. neomon-
tànum, Wulf. Koell. acon. 16. A. Cámmarum. Var. 6. Lin. 22 A. AME'NUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 23. acon. 93. t. 14. f. 1.)
spec. 751. exclusive of the synonyms. A. Braunii, Rchb. A. peduncles smooth ; spur capitate, bent. 4. H. Native of
Napéllus Ę, Neubergénse, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 156.—Clus. hist. Germany and Switzerland.
&
Germany and Switzerland. A. N. J. amplexum, Ser. mus. helv.
v. p. 96.-Bauh. hist. 3. p. 657.—Chabr. sciagr. 531. f. 5.- 1. p. 155. Flowers in loose spikes, deep blue. Bracteas short.
.
Moris. hist. 3. t. 3. f. 11. Racemes loose. Flowers blueish- Helmet semicircular ; limb entire, clasping the lateral sepals.
purple, in loose racemose panicles. Segments of leaves short, Pleasing Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 2-3 feet.
bluntish.
23 A. OLIGOCA'RPUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 24.) spur capitate,
Neuberg Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Pl. 2-3 feet. bent; peduncles smooth ; capsules 2. 4.H. Native of Styria.
15 A. BERNHARDIA'NUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 34.) spur capitate; Flowers blue.
filaments pilose; helmet closed, hemispherical, 4.H, Native Few-capsuled Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1-3 feet.
I
A. pu-
"
-
-
VOL. I.-PART I.

58
RANUNCULACEÆ. XXIX. ACONITUM.
9
p. 580.
24 A. ELA'TUM (Salisb. Rchb. uebers. p. 30.) peduncles pu- filaments smooth; stem slender, few-flowered. 4. H. Native
bescent; spur capitate, inclining ; segments of leaves linear, of the western coast of North America in Hedge Island, Rocky
acute. 4. H. Native of Styria and Carinthia. A. Taúricum, Mountains. Rchb. acon. t. 9. f. 1, 2, 3. A. delphinifolium a,
Willd.
spec.
2. p. 1236.
1236. A. neomontanum, Bernh. A. Napél- Americànum, D. C. syst. 1.
A. Napéllus a a, delphi-
lus à grossum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 157.? Flowers in loose pa-
8
nifolium, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 159. Root napiform. Stem ,
nicled spikes, very large, blueish-purple. Segments of leaves to 2 feet high, a little pubescent towards the top. Leaves smooth,
large.
deeply cut into 5 parts. Racemes loose. Flowers large, pale-
Tall Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 3-4 feet.
blueish-purple, young ones puberulous. Pistils 4-6. Fruit
25 A. MEYE'RI (Rchb. uebers. p. 33.) peduncles pubescent; smooth. A. paradoxum, Rchb.
spur capitate, inclining. 4. H. Native of Bavaria and Styria, Var. B, speciòsum (Rchb. uebers. p. 38.) plant taller and a
&c. A. neomontanum, var. Schrank, Hoppe pl. exsic. A. elà- little branched, many-flowered ; flowers large. 4. H. Native
tum, Meyer, fl. gött. ined. Flowers blueish-purple.
of Chamisso's Island.
Meyer's Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 2-4 feet. Var. y, hùmile (Rchb. uebers. p. 38.) stem humble, rather
7
26 A. SPRENGE'LII (Rchb. uebers. p. 35.) spur obtuse, prostrate, few-flowered. 4. H. Native of the island of St.
straight; segments of leaves blunt. 4. H. Native of Europe. Lawrence.
A. exaltàtum, Willd. enum. suppl. but not of Bernh. Flowers Larkspur-leaved Aconite. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. a to 2 ft.
blueish-purple.
33 A. CHAMISSONIA'NUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 37. ill. t. 43.) spur
Sprengel's Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 3-4 ft. a little hooked; helmet hemispherical ; filaments pilose; stem
27 A. WILLDENO'WII (Rchb. uebers. p. 35.) spur obtuse, humble, and is, as well as the flowers, pubescent. 4. H. Na-
straight ; segments of leaves blunt. 2. H. Native of Car- tive of the islands of Chamisso and Unalaschtka in the fissures
niola. A. Napéllus, Willd. hort. berl. Flowers blueish-purple. of Rocks. Leaves smooth. Racemes loose, few, or many-
Willdenow's Aconite. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. 2-3 feet.
.
flowered. Flowers large, violet. Pistils 3.
28 A. MICROSTA'CHYUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 56.) spur obtuse, Chamisso's Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1-2 feet.
straight ; segments of leaves blunt. 4. H. Native of Hun-
gary. A. Tauricum, Roch. exsic. Flowers blueish-purple.
Small-spiked Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 2-3 feet.
SECT. IV. EUCHYLÒDEA (from ev, eu, good ; xviwòns, chylodes,
29 A. AMPLIFLO'RUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 37.) spur obtuse, juice; the juice of the plants belonging to this section is supposed
straight; segments of leaves blunt ; flowers large. 4.H. Na- to be harmless, and not poisonous, as in the rest of the genus.)
tive of Austria. Flowers blueish-purple.
Rchb. uebers. p. 13. Sect. V. Anabàtes, D.C. syst. 1. p. 377. Calyx
p.
Ample-flowered Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 2-3 feet.
,
. deciduous. Petals (nectaries) supine or erect, inflated, somewhat
hooked, gibbous. Stamens pilose or smooth. Capsules 3-5,
SECT. III. CALLIPA'RIA (from kalletapelos, kallipareios, hav- young ones converging. Peduncles erect.
Helmet depressed
ing beautiful cheeks; flowers.) Rchb. uebers. 13. Calyx deci- or high, conical or arched. Flowers blue or violet. Racemes
duous. Petals (nectaries) supine, truncate, or a little hooked, loose. Stems twining or flexuous. Leaves multifid.
with the lip scarcely emarginate. Stamens smoothish. Cap- 34 A. KAMTSCHA’TICUM (Pall. Rchb. uebers. p. 39. ill. t. 15.)
sules 3-8 erect. Helmet depressed, conical, or hemispherical. petals erect; gibbo continuous ; filaments smooth ; lip revolute;
Sack of petals large. Beautiful plants with multifid leaves, blue helmet closed, and is as well as the leaves pilose. 4. H. Native
flowers, and napiform roots.
of Kamtschatka. Lower leaves on long stalks. Racemes few-
flowered. Flowers large, pubescent, pale-blue. Pistils 3, a
§ 1. Spurs of petals truncate.
little pubescent.
30 A. BIFLORUM (Fisch. in litt. with a figure. D. C. syst. 1. Var. a, normale (Rchb. ill. t. 15.) stem hardly more than 2
p. 380. Rchb. ill. t. 40.) Spur truncate ; helmet depressed; feet high.
beak drawn out. 4. H. Native of Siberia on the Altaian Var. B, luxúrians (Rchb. ill. t. 17.) plant larger in every part;
mountains, and on the Sayansk mountains. A. grandiflòrum,
bracteas very large.
Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1808, p. 77. Root napiform, larger than Kamtschatka Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 2 to 6 feet.
a pea. Stem a hand high, smooth, but a little pubescent towards
.
35 A. OCHOTE'NSE (Rchb. illus. t. 18.) petals erect ; gibbo
the top. Lower leaves on long stalks, with linear segments.
continuous; filaments smooth; helmet hemispherico-conical, ob-
Flowers usually twin, very rarely solitary or tern, sessile, pale tuse, closed ; lip 2-lobed; peduncles spreading. 4. H. Native
blue, with the middle rather obscure and with yellowish edges,
of Siberia near Ochotskoi. Racemes loose. Flowers large,
puberulous on the back. Ovaries 3, pubescent. Styles smooth. pubescent, pale-violet. Pistils 3, smooth. Leaves rather pilose?
Stamens smooth.
Ochotskoi Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 to 6 feet.
Two-flowered Aconite. Fí. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. ft. 36 A. GIBBÍ FERUM (Rchb. ill. t. 19.) petals with a distinct
swelling. 4. H. Native of Siberia. Leaves smooth. Racemes
§ 2. Spur of petals hooked.
somewhat panicled, loose. Flowers large, smooth, pale-violet.
31 A. SEMIGALEA'TUM (Pall. herb. Rchb. uebers. 38. ill. Pistils 5, smooth.
t. 41.) Spur hooked ; helmet convex, navicular, peduncles
t
Gibbiferous Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 feet.
,
.
elongated. 2. H. Native of Kamtschatka. A. delphinifolium 37 A. KusneZÓFril (Rchb. ill. t. 21.) petals erect; gibbo
7, Kamtscháticum, D. C. syst. 1. p. 380. A. Napellus k, semi-
.
continuous ; filaments smooth; helmet hemispherico-conical,
galeatum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 155. Root a tuber about the beaked, closed. 2. H. Native of Kamtschatka. Root tuber-
size and form of a pea. Stem 1 to 2 feet high, pubescent at
Leaves smooth. Racemes many-flowered, dense, and
Leaves few, membranous, smooth. Racemes very
furnished with small racemes at the base. Flowers large,
loose. Flowers pale blue, at first pubescent, but at length be- smooth, pale-violet. Pistils 5, smooth.
coming smooth. Pistils 5-8. Stamens smooth.
Kusnezoff's Aconite. Pl. 6 to 8 feet.
Half-helmetted Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. I to 2 feet. 38 A. Fische'ri (Rchb. ill. t. 22.) petals erect; gibbo con-
32 A. DELPHINIFÒLIUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 380. Rchb. uebers. tinuous; filaments smoothish; helmet arched, conical, gaping;
p. 38. ill. t. 42.) spur a little hooked; helmet hemispherical ; peduncles ascending. 4. H. Native of Kamtschatka. Leaves
ous.
the top
1

RANUNCULACEÆ. XXIX. ACONITUM.
59
21. H.
a
smooth. Racemes loose, leafy. Flowers middle-sized, pale- erectly spreading, pubescent. 4. H. Native of Siberia. A.
blue, with the middle sepal fringed.
ciliàre , polýtrichum, D. C. syst. 1. p. 378. Ser. mus. helv. 1.
Fischer's Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4-6 feet. .
p. 149. t. 15. f. 30. A. ciliàre, Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 65. Stem
39 A. LUBA'RSKII (Rchb. ill. t. 20.) petals erect; gibbo con- slender, villous, branched a little towards the apex. Young
tinuous; filaments smooth ; helmet hemispherico-conical, obtuse, leaves ciliated as well as the petioles. Racemes branched, few-
closed; peduncles spreading ; lip somewhat orbicular.
flowered. Flowers large, pubescent, pale-violet. Pistils 5.
Native of Kamtschatka. Leaves smooth, with broad segments. Flaccid Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. 6 feet.
Racemes loose, leafy. Flowers middle-sized, pale-blue.
Lubarsky's Aconite. Pl. 4-6 feet.
40 A. TORTUÒSUM (Willd, enum. 1. p. 576. D. C. sy
Sect. V. CORYTHÆOLA
CORYTHÆÒLA (from KopvJalolos, korythaiolos,
syst. 1. p.
, ,
378.) petals supine ; beak blunt; helmet subconical ; spur thick,
ornamented with a variegated helmet.) Rchb. uebers. p. 14. Sect.
long, abruptly pointed (neither arched, nor convolute,) filaments
III. Cámmarum, D. C. syst. 1. p. 347. Calyx deciduous. Petals
rather pilose. 4. H. Native of North America, and probably nectaries) supine, somewhat hooked. Stāmens pilose. Cap-
()
of Siberia. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 147. t. 15. f. 28-29. A. tortuò-
sules 3-5, converging. Helmet arched or conical, variegated.
sum, var. a, napellifòlium, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 148. Root
Young peduncles nodding. Root tuberous.
Root tuberous. Lobes of leaves
tuberous. Leaves smooth, with narrow wedged-shaped lobes, trapeziform, pinnate. Helmet of flower usually variegated with
white or blue.
and acute lobules. Panicle loose, bearing few-flowered branches.
Flowers large, pale or deep violet. Ovaries 3-5 smooth, con-
45 A. PALMATÍFIDUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 48.) filaments smooth ;
nivent.
helmet arched. 4. H. Native of the Carpathian mountains.
Var. B, illinàtum (Ser. plant. sel. cent. 1. et mus. hely.
A. Breiteriànum and Ottonianum, Rchb. uebers. A. Taúricum
1. 148.) panicle much branched, very loose; branches and
latifolium, Rochel. A. speciòsum, Otto, cat. hort. berl. Deless.
p.
peduncles quite smooth ; ovaries 3, smooth; leaves with broad
icon. sel. 1. t. 64. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 147. t. 15. f. 28. 27.
cuneiform lobes, and obtuse lobules. 4. H. Native of ? A.
Flowers blue, variegated with white.
illinìtum, Rchb. uebers. p. 54. A. neomontànum, Panz. fl.norimb.
Palmatifid-leaved Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 2 to 4 feet.
ined.
46 A. STOERKIA'NUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 49. ill. t. 71.) stamens
Var. y, recógnitum (Rchb. uebers. p. 42.) 4. H. Native of?
pilose ; helmet arched. 4. H. Native of the Alps of Europe.
A. volúbile, Bernh. A. volubile and tortuosum, Hortul. A. exal-
A. Napéllus, Stoerk. Sturn. deutsch. fl. heft. 6. with a figure.
tàtum, Wenderoth. Flowers crowded or distant.
A. neomontanum, Willd. A. medium, Schrad. hort. gött. but
not of Willd. enum. A. intermèdium, D. C. syst. 1.
Twisted Aconite. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. Pl. 6-8 feet.
p.
374. but
41 A. VOLU'BILE (Pall
. Willd
. spec. 2. p. 1237.) petals supine ; stirp. p. 248.—Cord. 3. p. 245.—Sturn. fl
. germ. 2. t. 6. good.
not of Gaudin. nor A. intermedium hybridum, Hoppe.-— Trag.
.
beak acuminated ; helmet conical; spur hooked at the apex ;
filaments smooth. . 4. H. Native of Siberia in the Altaian
-Barrel. icon. t. 610.–Weinm. phyt. t. 21. f. d. Plant quite
mountains. A. ciliàre, a oligotríchum, D. C. syst. 1. p. 378.
smooth. Panicle loose, with ascending stiff branches.
Flowers
prod. 1. p. 61. Root tuberous. Stem pubescent, and covered
blue. Ovaries 3-5-7, smooth.—A. intermèdium var. a. glàbrum,
with spreading hairs, slender, twining 12-16 feet high. Panicle
Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 152. f. 39. 40. 49.
.
loose, with ascending branches, which are for the most part pen-
Var. f, laxiflòrum (Rchb. uebers. p. 49.) racemes simple, elon-
dulous. Lobes of leaves pinnate, with linear lobules. Flowers
gated, loose. 4. H.-Black. 561. Flowers blue.
Var.
smooth, middle-sized, violet. Ovaries 5. Rchb. ill. t. 25.
bicolor (Rchb. uebers. p. 49.) plant quite smooth;
Twining-stemmed Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1799. Pl.
flowers white, variegated with purple. 2. H. A. mèdium ß.
12-16 feet.
Schrad. hort. gött. A. intermèdium B, versícolor, Ser. mus.
42 A. MA'XIMUM (Pall. herb. D. C. syst. 1. p. 380.) petals
helv. 1. p. 152. A. versícolor, Rchb. uebers. p. 50. Lodd. bot.
erect- gibbo continuous ; filaments smooth; helmet hemispherico-
cab. 794. A. variegatum, Bernh.
conical, obtuse ; spur short, incurved; peduncles erect.
Var.d, latilobum ; lobes of leaves broad; flowers blue. 4.H.
4. H.
Native of Kamtschatka. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 149. t. 15. f. 31
A. Taúricum, Rom. in herb. D. C. A. intermèdium y, latílobum,
and 32. Rchb. ill. t. 17. Stem smooth. Panicle loose, fur-
Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 152.
.
nished with a few long distant few-flowered branches, which are
Var. ε, pubéscens ; stem and peduncles puberulous ; flowers
pubescent with curved hairs. Leaves large, smooth. Lower
blue. A. intermèdium d, pubescens, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 152.
.
bracteas like the leaves, but smaller. Flowers pubescent, pale-
Stoerck's Aconite. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 3 to 4 feet.
blue. Ovaries 3, smooth.
47 A. EXALTA'TUM (Bernhardi. ex specim. hort. gott. 1818.)
Largest Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 6 feet.
stamens pilose; helmet conical. 4. H. Native of the Pyre-
43 A. VILLÒSUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 39. ill. t. 26.) petals erect ;
nees ? Rchb. ill. t. 72. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 151. t. 15. f. 37, 38.
gibbo continuous ; filaments smooth ; helmet conical, arched,
A. hamàtum and decorum, Rchb. uebers. A. uncinatum, Bernh.
closed; spur hooked. 4. H. Native of Siberia. Rchb. ill.
cat. hort. erf. A. stríctum, Willd. enum. suppl. but not of Bernh.
A. rostratum, Bernh. not D. C. A. mèdium, Willd. enum. suppl.
t. 20. Root tuberous. Stem slender, 2-4 feet high, a little
flexuous, villous, with spreading hairs, and furnished with as-
Panicle loose, with ascending stiff branches. Beak elongated,
cending branches towards the top. Young leaves villous, adult ascending Spur thick, incurved. Ovaries 3-5, smooth.
ones hardly so. Racemes furnished with small lateral branches,
Exalted Aconite. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 6 feet.
forming as it were a small pyramidal panicle. Flowers violet.
Var. f, flexuosum (Rchb. ill. t. 27.) stem slender, 4-8 feet Sect. VI. TOXICOIDEA (a name applied to this section on ac-
high, densely villous, a little twining, branched, with the branches count of the plants it contains agreeing in character with A. Tóxi-
rather pendulous ; partitions of leaves less jagged than in the cum, from tožikov, toxicon, poison ; qualities of plants.) Rchb.
species. Racemes loose, panicled, many-flowered. 4. H. uebers.
p.
14. Sect. IV. Cámmarum, D.C. syst. 1. p. 374. Calyx
Villous Aconite. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 2 to 8 feet.
deciduous. Petals (nectaries) supine, capitate or a little hooked.
44 A. FLA’CCIDUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 39. ill. t. 29.) petals Stamens smooth.
Stamens smooth. Capsules 3-5, erectish. Helmet arched or
erect; gibbo continuous ; filaments smooth; helmet high, arched, conical. Roots tuberous. Lobes of leaves trapesiform, pinnate.
inclining forwards, gaping ; spur hooked at the
Flowers blue or violet, rarely flesh-coloured.
ولا
apex. Peduncles
I 2

60
RANUNCULACEÆ. XXIX. ACONITUM.
a
.
ous.
E,
ency. 1.
§ 1. Helmet arched.
V. Anabàtes, D. C. syst. 1. p. 374. 377. Calyx deciduous. Pe-
48 A. TÓXICUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 43. ill. t. 37.) helmet large, tals (nectaries) erect, clavated-hooked. Capsules usually 5
.
arched, with a blunt beak: spur hooked. 4. H. Native of (rarely 3-4) erect, fringed at the suture. Stamens smooth.
Transylvania. A. neomontanum, Baugm. transylv.? A. Cám- Helmet conical. Lobes of leaves trapesiform, pinnate. Flowers
marum, Hoppe. herb. Stem flexuous, almost simple. Leaves violet or blue, seldom white or variegated.
smooth. Racemes loose, pubescent. Flowers large, violet,
§ 1. Helmet with a middle sized beak.
pubescent. Ovaries 5.
Poison Aconite. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl. 2 feet. .
52 A. CA'MMARUM (Jacq. aust. 5. t. 224.) helmet arched-
49 A. CERNUUM (Koelle. acon. 17. Willd. spec. 2. 1237.
conical ; beak streached. 4. H. Native of Austria, Switzer-
Rchb. ill. t. 33.) helmet large, arched, beaked. 4. H. Native land, Hungary, &c. &c. A. rostrátum B, Jacquiniànum, Ser.
of the south of Europe in many parts. Lodd. bot. cab. 810. mus. helv. 1. p. 142. Racemes somewhat corymbose few-flower-
A. Cámmarum, Schleich. cat. Gaud. and Vill. A. flexicaule, ed; pedicels smooth. Flowers large, pale-blue or violet. Ovaries
Hoppe and Hornsch. pl. sel. A. cámmarum a, Lin. A. cérnuum
3, smooth. For the derivation of cámmarum see Section VII.
and reflexum, Rchb. uebers. p. 43. A. Wilmetiànum and húmile, Var. a, simplex (Rchb. uebers. p. 52.) stem simple. 4. H.
Delarb. fl. auv, ed. 2. p. 499. A. paniculàtum, var. ß, D. C.
Native of Austria.--Barrel. p. 97. no. 873. t. 610. Flowers
syst. 1. p. 375. A. pán. , flexicaúle, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 145.
d
blue.
A. pan. Tomaselli, Lam. and D. C. A. fr. ed. 3. vol. 5. p. 918. Var. B, ramòsum (Rchb. uebers. p. 52.) stem branched. 4.H.
A. variegatum, Seguier, pl. ver. A. neomontànum, Baugm. transyl. Native of Switzerland in the Alps of Bern. Jacq. aust. 5. t. 424.
1857.-Cam. epit. 852.-Clus. hist. 2. p. 97. f. 1.–J. Bauh.
Hoffm. fl. germ. t. 8.
Peduncles and ovaries smooth. A. lævi-
hist. 3. p. 658. — Chabr. sciagr. 531. f. 6. Stem usually flexu- gatum, Schleicher. A. Itálicum, Tratt.
Leaves smooth. Racemes nodding, loose, pubescent,
Var. y, mutábile (Rchb. uebers. p. 52.) lower peduncles very
with spreading branches rising from the axils of the leaves. long; colour of flower changeable. * 4. H. Native of Bavaria.
Flowers largeish, violet, rarely blue or reddish, puberulous or
A. Cámmarum var. Schrank.
smooth. Pistils usually 5.
Var. d, grácile (Rchb. ill. t. 7. uebers. 55.) stem slender ;
Var. B, pauciflorum (Rchb. uebers. p. 44.) racemes terminal, racemes loose. 4. H. Native of Dauphiny, Italy, Bohemia,
few-flowered, sub-corymbose; peduncles equal in length with &c. Leaves smooth. Flowers large, pale-blue or violet.
the flowers. 4. H. Native on mounts Pennino and Cenis. Var. £, Judenbergense (Rchb. ill. t. 8.) stem firm; racemes
A. paniculatum var. a, Penninum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 144. somewhat contracted. 4. H. Native of Styria about Ju-
Var.
7,
laciniàtum (Rchb. uebers. p. 44.) peduncles equal in denberg and the Alps of Switzerland. A. Cámmarum, Lam.
length to the flowers; branches spreading ; leaves finely jagged
p.
33. Schleich. cat. 1821. A. laciniòsum, Schleich. cat.
with long acuminated segments; ovaries smoothish. 4. H. 1821. A. rostratum var. a, Judenbergense, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p.
Native of Calabria. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 145.
142. A. Bernhardiànum, Wallr. Sched. crit. 1. p. 250. Flowers
Var. è, patentissimum; stem flexuous; helmet conical, in- large, pale-blue or with a white base.
d
large, pale-blue or with a white base. Ovaries 3, rarely 4-5.
flexed; beak short. Native of Siberia. A. paniculatum 7, D. 1. Judenbergénse var. pólipes (Rchb. ill. t. 8. f. 2.) pedun-
C. syst. 1. p. 375. A. cèrnuum flexicaule, Rchb. A. paniculà- cles and ovaries pilose. 3. H. Native of Switzerland and the
tum %, patenti'ssimum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 145.
Carpathian mountains. A. Cámmarum, Wahl. fl. carp. no. 533.
Drooping Aconite. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl. 2 to 4 feet. Helmet inclined. A. rostratum var. Y, pilosiúsculum, Ser. mus.
helv. 1.
§ 2. Helmet conical.
p.
142.
50 A. MO'LLE (Rchb. uebers. p. 47. ill. t. 31.) helmet irre-
Var. 5, latiflòrum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 142.) helmet conical,
dilated, with an inclined scarcely prominent beak. 4. H. Native
gularly-conical, obtuse ; front erect. 4. H. Native of ? A.
cérnuum var. a, laxiflorum, Rchb. uebers. p. 43. A. paniculà-
in the Alps of Bern in Switzerland.
Var. n, macránthum ; flowers large, violet. 4. H.
tum d, flexicaule, Ser. mus. hely. 1. p. 145. Leaves smooth.
4. H. Native
Racemes panicled, pubescent. Flowers large, puberulous, violet.
of Salzburg. A. macrànthum, Rchb. uebers. p. 51. ill. t. 39.
Ovaries usually 3.
A. Cámmarum var. grandiflòrum, Braune.
Soft-panicled Aconite. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. Pl. 2 to 6 feet.
Crawfish or Purple Aconite. Fl. June, Sep. Pl. 1 to 4 feet.
51 A. PANICULA'TUM (Lam. fl. fr. ed. 1. suppl. 1224. D. C.
§ 2. Helmet with a drawn-out beak.
syst. 1. p. 375.) helmet conical, beaked; front sinuated, 4.H.
Native of France and Switzerland. Rchb. ill. t. 32. A. Stóerckii
53 A. LASIOCA'RPUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 55.) petals (nectaries)
Borkaus. spec. 18. A. Cámmarum, All. ped. no. 1500. A. parvi-
erect; capsules hairy. 4. H. Native of Hungary. The
flòrum, Rchb. uebers. p. 46. A. hebegynum, D. C. syst. 1. p.
character of this plant is not sufficiently known.
376. exclusive of the synonyms. Stem pubescent towards the
Hairy-fruited Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 2 to 4 feet.
top. Leaves smooth. Panicle terminal, much branched, loose
54 A. PRODU'CTUM (Rchb. uebers. t. 38. ill. t. 38.) helmet
or contracted, more or less pubescent. Flowers largeish, violet.
straight, irregularly convex-conical, drawn out. 4. H. Native
.
Ovaries 3, seldom 5, puberulous ?
of Siberia and Kamtschatka, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 150. t. 15. f.
Var. B, Stoerkiànum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 145.) stem flexuous;
33, 34. Rchb. acon. p. 75. t. 7. f. 3. A. delphinifolium ß, Si-
panicle loose, weak; beak short. 4. H. Native of Switzer-
bíricum, D. C. syst. 1. p. 380. A. grandiflòrum, Pall. herb.
land. A. Napéllus, officinalis, Störk. libel. de stram. &c.
Stem about a foot high, few-leaved. Leaves on long stalks, with
p.
69.
This is said to be the plant which Baron Stoerck made use of in
3-parted lobes. Racemes few-flowered, loose, pubescent. Flowers
medicine, see A. No. 11.
violet, puberulous. Ovaries 4-5 pubescent.
Drawn-out-beaked Aconite. Pl. 1 foot.
Panicled Aconite. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1815. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
55 A. ROSTRA'TUM (Bernh. monog. ined. Rchb. uebers.
Sect. VII. CA'MMAROI' DEA (applied to this section on account p. 56. ill. t. 11.) helmet bending forward (compressed with
of the plants it contains agreeing in character with A. cámmarum, vertex obliquely reflexed); beak stretched out. Lodd. bot.
from cammarum, a crab, lobster, or crawfish; because the su- cab. 203. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 141. t. 15. f. 16-17. 4. H.
perior part of the flower very much resembles the recurved tail Native of Switzerland and Styria. A. alpinum, Mill. dict. A.
of a crawfish.) Rchb. uebers. p. 14. Sect. IV. Cámmarum and Cámmarum, Lam. dict. 1. p. 38. A. lùridum, Sal. prod. 375.
a

RANUNCULACEÆ. XXIX. ACONITUM.
61
. a,
-
Panicle rather loose. Flowers violet. Helmet conical, elongated, Japan Aconite. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1790. Pl. 6 feet.
abruptly mucronate in front. Spur thick depressed globose. 59 A. UNCINA'TUM (Lin. spec. 750.) helmet regularly conical,
Ovaries 3, rarely 4-5, smooth or rather pilose. There are va- compressed. 4. H. Native of North America on the high
rieties with broader and narrower leaves.
mountains of Virginia and Carolina in swamps and by the sides
Var. B, álbum ; flowers white or suffused with blue lilac or vio- of rivulets. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1119. Rchb. ill. t. 35 and 36.
let. 2. H. Native of Switzerland or the Levant. A. álbum, Ait. A. scándens, Muhl. Stem with branches rising from the axils
hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 123. A. lævigàtum, Schleich. cat. ? of the leaves. Racemes loose, rather umbellate at the apex,
Beaked Aconite. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1752. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. very rarely panicled. Flowers middle sized or large, of a
56 A. NASU'TUM (Fisch. in litt. Rchb. uebers. p. 56. ill. t. lilac colour, smooth, with a somewhat spiral inclined spur.
Ova-
9, 10.) helmet conical, bending forward ; beak short. 4. H. ries 5, villous.
Native of Caucasus and North West America on a mountain
Var. Linnæànum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 147.) helmet pointed,
.
near the source of Wallawalli River, a branch of the Columbia. hooked. 4. H. Native near Philadelphia, A. uncinatum,
A. Cámmarum, Bieb. fl. taur. and suppl. no. 1054. A. gibbò- Lin. spec. 750. var. a. D. C. syst. 1. p. 379. .
sum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 141. t. 15. f. 14-15. Panicle con- Var. B, Michauxiànum (Ser, mus. helv. 1. p. 147. t. 15. f. 24
tracted, quite smooth. Flowers violet. Spur elongated, arched. and 25.) helmet awnless in front. 4. H. A. uncinatum, Mich.
Lobes of leaves broad. Ovaries usually 3.
fl. bor. amer. 315. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1119. A. uncinatum ß.
Great-nosed Aconite. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 3 feet. D. C. syst. 1. p. 379. .
57 A. VARIEGA'TUM (Lin. spec. 751.) helmet bent forward, Hooked-helmetted Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1768. Pl. 4
inflated; beak ascending. 4. H. Native of middle Europe, to 8 feet.
in the Alps, Rchb. ill. 34. A. hùmile, Sal. prod. p. 375.-Clus.
hist. 2. p. 98. f. 1.–Ger. herb. 971. f. 2.-Lob. icon. 678. f. 2.
+ Species doubtful whether they belong to the present section.
Stem erect, branched, smooth, a little flexuous. Lower leaves 60 A. PALMA'TUM (D. Don. prod. fl
. nep. p. 190.) leaves
on long stalks, upper ones sessile, smooth, thickish. Racemes 5-cleft, palmate, smooth, paler beneath ; segments cuneated,
panicled, loose. Flowers large, blue, smooth. Ovaries 5, smooth. deeply lobed and toothed; stem simple, smooth. 4. H. Native
Var. a, pauciflorum (Ser. mus. helv. 1, p. 140.) helmet straight; of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan.
of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan. Stem about the thickness of a com-
flowers pale-blue.-Clus. hist. 2. p. 98. f. 1.
mon writing quill. Leaves on long stalks. Flowers not seen.
Var. B, bicolor ; helmet straight; flowers white, edged with Palmate-leaved Aconite. Pl. 2 feet.
blue or lilac. 4. H. A. variegatum, Schrad. hort, gott. 61 A. FE ROX (Wall. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 64.) helmet
Moench. A. rhynchánthum B, bícolor, Rchb. uebers. p. 56. convex, curved, on short stipes; spur thick, inclined ; lip very
A. leucanthum ß, bícolor, Rchb. ueber. p.55.
narrow, divaricate; stem simple. 4. H. Native of Nipaui.
Var. Y, pallidiflòrum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 140.) helmet in- A. virosum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 190. Stem clothed with
clined; flowers white, variegated with blue.
A. variegatum,
brown tomentum. Leaves many-parted, villous beneath, with
Lin. spec. 751. A. variegatum ß, bícolor, Rchb. uebers. p. 58. revolute edges; cauline leaves almost sessile, 3-4-parted ; seg-
Var. d, cæruleum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 140.) helmet inclined; ments pinnatifid ; lobes linear, stiff, obtuse, entire, or toothed.
flowers blue. 2. H. A. Cámmarum, Schleich. cat. 1821. A. Ovaries 3, villous. The root of this species is very poisonous.
glabrum. D. C. syst. 1. p. 579.
Flowers shewy violet in loose woolly racemes. Ser. mus. helv.
Var. ε, angustilobum (Ser. mus, helv. 1. p. 140.) helmet in- 1. p. 160. t. 15. f. 43, 44.
clined ; lobes of leaves very narrow; flowers blue.
Ferocious Aconite. Pl. 2 to 6 feet.
Var. S, albiflòrum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 140.) helmet straight;
flowers small, white. 4. H. A. leucanthum, Richb. uebers. Sect. VIII. Lyco'CTONOIDEA (applied to this section on account
p. 55. A. álbum, Mench and Hortul. A. Japonicum, Hortul. of the plants it contains agreeing in character with A. Lycócto-
Var. n, grandiflòrum (Ser. mus. helv. 1.
p. 120.) helmet large; num, from lukos, lykos, a wolf; ktelvo, kteino, to kill ; because the
flowers blue. 4. H. A. variegatum. D. C. herb. sent to him A.Lycóctonum was used to poison wolves, before a more efficacious
by Bernhardi.
method was discovered). Rchb. uebers. p. 14. Sect II. Ly-
Var. 0, rhynchánthum (Rchb. uebers. p. 56.) helmet some- cóctonum. D. C. syst. 1. p. 367. Calyx deciduous. Petals (nec-
. .
what conical, falcately-navicular. 4.H. A. variegatum n, fal- taries) oblique; spur clavate, straight, arched, hooked, or spiral.
Ser. mus. helv. l. 141. Flowers blue.
Capsules 3, adult ones erect, or diverging. Stamens smoothish.
Var. l, hùmile; racemes simple, few-flowered. 2. H. A. Helmet conical or cylindrical. Root tuberous, emitting numerous
rhynchánthum y, humile. Rchb. uebers.
7
p.
56.
fibres. Lobes of leaves wedge-shaped, pinnate, rarely bipinnate.
Var. K, bulbiferum (Rchb. uebers. p. 55.) bulbs in the axils Flowers cream-coloured, white, or livid-blue.
of the leaves. A. Napéllus à d, bulbiferum. Ser. mus. helv. 1.
§ 1. Spur clavate, nearly straight. Young capsules silky-
Var. 1, mixtum (Rchb. uebers. p. 61,) flowers mixed with pubescent.
blue and white.
62 A. BARBA'TUM (Patrin. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 83) spur straight-
Variegated Aconite. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1597. Pl. 1 to 6 feet. ish, obtuse; bottom of helmet conical; middle sepals densely
58 A. JAPO'NICUM (Thunb. f. jap. 231.) helmet exactly co- bearded. 24. H. Native of Siberia. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 64.
nical, abruptly mucronate; beak acute, straight. 4. H. Na- Rchb. ill. t. 45. Ser, mus. helv. 1. p. 138. t. 15. f. 10 and 11.
tive of Japan, where it is called So-Huso. Stem round, smooth. A. boreale. Ser. ex Rchb. uebers. p. 62. A. squarròsum.
Leaves stalked, trifid ; lateral lobes bifid, middle lobe trifid, all Lin.
spec.
751. D. C. syst. 1.
p. 368. Stem pubescent. Leaves
blunt and deeply toothed. Panicle loose, with ascending
ascending opaque,
opaque, with the lobes divided into many linear segments, on long
branches. Ovaries 3. Plant quite smooth. Ser. mus. helv, 1. stalks which are villous as well as the nerves. Racemes dense,
p.
146. t. 15. f. 22 and 23.
puberulous, with a few axillary racemules. Flowers middle-
Var. cárneum (Ser. pl. sel. cent. 1. and mus. helv. 1. p. 146.) sized, cream-coloured. Ovaries 3, silky. Sweet, fl. Gard. 164.
flowers flesh-coloured. A. álbum, D. C. syst. 1. p. 377.?
Bearded Aconite. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1807. Pl. 2 to 6 ft.
Var. B, cæruleum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 146.) flowers blue. 63 A. GMELI'NI (Rchb. uebers. p. 63. ill. t. 46.) spur straight,
A. glàbrum, D.C. syst. 1. p. 379.?.
obtuse ; bottom of helmet rounded, cylindrical. 4. H. Native
; ;
a
catum.
p.
1
p. 160.
a,

62
RANUNCULACEÆ. XXIX. ACONITUM.
-
cose.
of Siberia. A. híspidum, D. C. syst. 1. p. 367. A. pyrenai- tonum, var. B, Pyrenàicum. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 133. D.C.
cum, Koelle acon. A. nítidum, Fisch. A. barbàtum ß, hispidum, prod. 1. p. 57. Stem smooth. Leaves large, 7-9-parted, with
Ser. mus. helv. 139.-Gmel. sib. 4. p. 188. t. 81. Stem villous the partitions unequally cleft. Racemes long, cylindrical, crowded,
below, but almost smooth at the top. Leaves on long stalks, branched at the base. Flowers cream-coloured, pubescent; sepals
villous beneath and shining above, with the lobes divided into about equal in length. Ovaries 3, villous.
narrow segments. Flowers middle-sized, cream-coloured. Ova- Var. B, Penninum; pubescent; flowers large, spiked, or some-
ries 3, silky. Racemes very long, puberulous, at length be- what panicled, yellow; helmet conical ; beak large; ovaries
coming loose.
3-5, villous. 4. H. Native of Mount Pennino.
,
21. A. Lycóc-
Gmelin's Aconite. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. 2 feet. tonum d, Penninum. Ser. pl. sel. cent. 1. and mus. helv. 1. p.
64 A. LEPTAʼNTHUM (Rchb. ill. t. 64.) spur straight, blunt ; 134. D. C. prod. 1. p. 57.
bottom of helmet conical, elongated-attenuated ; capsules ventri- Var. y, pubérulum ; flowers spiked, or somewhat panicled,
4. H. Native of Dauria on the Baikal Mountains. yellow; helmet large ; stem leaves and flowers clothed with
Root a branched rhyzoma. Stem slender, villous at the base, horizontal hairs. 4. H. Native of Mount Cenis. A. Lycóc-
but puberulous at the top. Leaves on long, flattish, villous tonum £, pubérulum. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 134. D. C. prod.
stalks. Racemes elongated, loose, furnished with a few small
1. p. 58.
axillary racemules. Flowers middle-sized, yellow, canescent Var. d, laxiflòrum ; panicle ample, with diverging branches ;
when in bud. Ovaries silky-puberulous.
flowers loose, pubescent; ovaries villous ; lobes of leaves some-
Slender-flowered Aconite. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 to 4 ft. what quadrately divaricate.
Lamark's Aconite. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl. 2 to 3 ft.
§ 2. Spur clavate, arched, or hooked. Young capsules silky-
.
pubescent.
§ 4. Spur arched or hooked. Capsules smooth.
65 A. PA’LLIDUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 65. ill. t. 50.) spur arched; 70 A. PYRENA'ICUM (Lin. spec. 751.) spur hooked ; bottom
bottom of helmet conico-cylindrical; middle sepals covered with of helmet cylindrical-rounded. 4. H. Native of the Pyrenees
short hairs. 4. H. Native of Russia in the government of Rasan, and Siberia. Rchb. ill. t. 48. A. squarrósum, Lin. herb. D.C.
a
in groves at Kurbatowa. A. ochroleucum, hort. hal. Root large, syst. 1. p. 368. A. Sibiricum, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 113. Stem
branched, fibrous. Stem puberulous, truly canescent at the apex. pubescent at the base, but smooth above. Leaves parted almost
Leaves 5-7-parted, deep green, the first ones are puberulous to the base with pinnatifid lobes, rather hispid beneath, but
above. Racemes puberulous, rather loose with a few ascending smooth above, on long stalks.
smooth above, on long stalks. Racemes elongated, dense, pu-
racemules. Flowers large, cream-coloured, ovaries 3, pube- berulous. Flowers largeish, yellow. Ovaries 3, smooth.
rulous.
Pyrenean Aconite. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1739. Pl. 2 feet.
Var. B, melóctonum (Rchb. uebers. p. 65.) panicle large, 71 A. ORIENTA'LE (Mill. dict. Rchb. ill. t. 29.) spur arched;
with diverging branches; flowers cream-coloured, loose, pubes- helmet cylindrical, straight, elongated; beak drawn out, incum-
cent; germens villous. 4. H. Native of Piedmont. Ā. Ly- bent. 4. H. Native of Georgia, Persia, and Caucasus. A.
cóctonum, All. pedm, no. 1498. Balb. fl. pedm. p. 87. A. ochroleucum, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1233.
1233. Pall. fl. ross. 1. t. 12.
Lycóctonum n, laxiflòrum, D. C. syst. 1. p. 369. Ser. mus. Root a branched rhyzoma. Stem puberulous. Leaves with
helv. 1. p. 135.
the lobes distinct beyond the middle, deeply serrated, on long
Pale-flowered Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 2 to 4 feet. channeled petioles, young ones pubescent, adult ones only at the
66 A. LASIO'STOMUM (Rchb. ill. t. 49.) spur arched; bottom
Racemes 1 to 2 feet long, dense, many-flowered, with
of helmet conical ; middle sepals densely bearded. 2. H. numerous, small, lateral racemules, forming a pyramid. Flowers
Native of Russia near a town called Modyn in the government large, cream-coloured, or white, suffused with yellow. Sepals
of Kaluga. Stem puberulous, or densely and softly villous.
edged with yellow hairs on the inside.
Leaves with villous petioles and pubescent veins. Racemes Var. B. strictíssimum (Rchb. uebers. p. 69.) flowers numerous,
elongated, loose, puberulous, furnished with a few racemules. yellow; helmet cylindrical ; spur arched; ovaries smooth; stem
Flowers largeish, cream-coloured, or yellow. Ovaries 3, silky- quite upright. 2.H. Native of Bairont.
4.
villous.
Var. y, altissimum (Mill. dict. no. 2.) flowers panicled, nu-
Hairy-mouthed Aconite. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
merous, yellow; helmet large, somewhat ventricose at the apex.
67 A. DISSE'CTUM (Tauch, in cat. hort. Rchb. ill. 48.) spur 4. H. Native of Germany and Switzerland. A. macrophyl-
arched; bottom of helmet conical, bending down in a short front. lum, Hortul. A. Lycóctonum, var. altíssimum, D. C. syst. 1.
24. H. Native of Siberia. Stem puberulous ? Leaves like
p. 368. Leaves large, more or less dissected.
those of A. barbàtum, but the partitions are broader. Racemes Var. d, pubérulum; hairs straight, spreading. A. galeàtum,
elongated, dense, puberulous, furnished with a few spreading Stev. in herb. D.C.
axillary racemules. Flowers largeish, cream-coloured. Ovaries Oriental Aconite. Fl. July, Aug.
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1794. Pl. 4 to 8 feet.
3, silky
72 A. MYO'CTONUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 68. ill. t. 51.) spur sub-
Dissected-leaved Aconite. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. annular and somewhat refracted; bottom of helmet cylindrical
68 A. HAMILTO'NII; leaves 5-parted, smooth, and pinnatifid, rounded, scarcely higher than the diameter of the aperture; beak
with linear acute segments; stem simple, smooth.
2. H. Na-
short, inflexed. 2. H. Native of Thuringia and France. A.
A.
tive of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan. A. dissectum, D. Don, prod. fl. ægóphonum, Rchb. ueber. p. 68. A. intermèdium hybridum,
nep. p. 197. Root tuberous. Stem about the thickness of a
Hoppe. A. perniciosum, Rchb. uebers. p. 68. are hardly va-
crow's quill. Flowers not seen. Very like A. Pyrenaicum, in rieties. A. Monauénse, Smidth. Stem smoothish below, but
habit it is doubtful whether it may belong to this section.
covered with yellowish pubescence above. Racemes furnished
Hamilton's Aconite. Pl. I to 1 foot.
with lateral racemules. Flowers small, pale yellow. Ovaries 3,
§ 3. Spur spiral. Young capsules silky-pubescent.
smooth.
Mousebane Aconite, Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
69 A. LAMA'RKII (Rchb. ill. t. 40.) spur spiral ; helmet con-
stricted, clavate. 2.H. Native of the Pyrenees. A. Pyrendi- § 5. Spur spiral. Capsules smooth, but in some of the varie-
cum. Lam. dict. 1. p. 33. D. C. syst. 1. p. 368. A. Lycóc- ties of A. vulpària they are pubescent.
nerves.

RANUNCULACEÆ. XXIX. ACONITUM. XXIX. (2) NIRBISIA.
63
K
4. H.
73 A. VULPA'RIA (Rchb. uebers. p. 70. ill. t. 56, 57, and 58.) A. Lycóctonum 0, latiffòrum, Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 135. D.C.
spur spiral ; helmet cylindrical, large ; beak streached out, acute. prod. 1. p. 58.
4. H. Native of the Cevennes. A. Lycóctonum ß, glabriflò- Var. Y, ramosíssimum; stem much branched, and is, as well as
Y
rum, D. C. syst. p. 369.
syst. p. 369. A. Lyc. y, grandiflòrum, Ser. mus. the peduncles, smooth ; flowers yellow ; helmet conico-cylindri-
helv. 1. p. 134. A. réctum, Bernhardi ex Schleich. A. lupícida, cal, compressed ; ovaries smooth. 4. H. Native of the Alps
therióphonum, Rchb. ueber. These two last are hardly varieties. of Bern. A. Lycóctonum i, ramosíssimum, Ser. in D. C. prod.
Ştem smooth, or a little pubescent. Leaves 3 or 5-lobed, ciliated. 1. p. 58.
Racemes crowded, furnished with lateral racemules. Flowers Var. d, Seringei; flowers panicled, yellow; helmet elongated,
pale yellow, smooth. Ovaries 3, smooth.
cylindrical, inclined, deformed; stem and peduncles smoothish;
Var.B, phthora (Rchb. uebers. p. 71.) flowers yellow. 4. H. spur broad; leaves large, smoothish. 2. H. Native of the
Native of Hungary. A. Lycóctonum, Rochel.
Alps of Bern. A. Lycóctonum, var. Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 137.
Var. y, cynóctonum (Rchb. uebers. p. 73.) flowers panicled, D. C. prod. 1. p. 58. last variety.
numerous, yellow; stems and flowers smoothish. 2. H. Na- Female's-bane Aconite. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 to 6 ft.
tive of Thuringia. A. Lycóctonum, Leysser.—Blackw. t. 563. 76 A. LYCO'CTONUM (Lin. spec. 532. Rchb. ill. t. 52.) spur
Var. d, galéctonum (Rchb. uebers. p. 67.) flowers yellow. subannular; bottom of helmet cylindrical ; beak elongated,
Capsules pubescent. 4. H. Native of Hungary.
stretched out; middle and lower sepals equal in length. 4. H.
Vàr. £, tragóctonum (Rchb. uebers. p. 70.) flowers yellow, Native of Lapland, Sweden, Norway, &c. A. Lycóctonum, var.
panicled ; capsules smooth. 2. H. Native of Carinthia. A. fl. cær. Ström. scand. 1. p. 67. Gunn. norv. no. 14. Oed. fl.
pyramidàle, Hoppe.
dan. t. 123. Wahl. Lapp. 275. A. septentrionale, Koelle,
Var. , rubicúndum (Fisch. in litt. Ser. mus. hely. 1. p. 135.
. spicel. p. 22. no. 9. D. C.
syst.
1.
p.
370. Stem slender, sim-
D. C. prod. 1. p. 58. Lycóctonum, var. k, rubicundum) flowers pa- ple, quite upright, pubescent. Leaves large, 7-parted. Racemes
nicled, livid-violet, variegated with yellow ; helmet conico-cylin- more or less pubescent, branched at the base. Flowers largeish,
drical, compressed; flowers and peduncles villous. Ovaries pilose, of a livid-violet colour. Ovaries 3, smooth.
elongated. 4. H. Native of Siberia.
A decoction or the powder of the root of this plant is used
Var. n, Carpathicum (Ser. mus. helv. 1. p. 136. Lycóctonum,
.
for destroying flies and other insects. Linnæus gives an account
.
var.) flowers panicled, of a lurid purple colour, sometimes va- of its being eaten in Medelpadia, a province of Sweden, without
riegated with yellow; helmet conico-cylindrical
, compressed; injury. It seems indeed to be milder than some of the other spe-
stems and peduncles smooth; leaves profoundly cut.
cies; and goats and horses are said to eat it.
Native of the Carpathian mountains. A. septentrionale ß, Carpá- True Wolf's-bane Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596. PI.
thicum, D. C. syst. 1. p. 370. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2196. A. 4-6 feet.
australe, Rchb. ueber. p. 71.
Cult. All the species of Aconite are of easy
culture. They
Var. 9. septentrionale (Willd. spe. 2. p. 1235.) flowers panicled, are very ornamental, and are well adapted for ornamenting flower
blue ; helmet conico-cylindrical, compressed ; flowers and pedun- borders.
borders. Most of them will grow under the shade of trees,
cles villous ; ovaries smooth or pilose? 4. H. Native of therefore they are proper to plant in ornamental woods and wil-
Lapland, Norway, and Siberia. A. Lycóctonum u, septentrionale,
M,
dernesses. They are easily increased by separating the roots or
Ser mus. helv. 1. p. 136.
by seeds.
Var. 1, Moldávicum (Haquet. Rchb. uebers. p. 67.) flowers
panicled, violet; helmet cylindrical, compressed; ovaries silky- Plants referred to Caltha by F. Hamilton, M.D., to which,
villous. 4. H. Native of Moldavia and Bohemia.
from the descriptions, they do not appear to belong. We there-
Fox-bane Aconite. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl. 1-3 ft. fore propose the name Nirbisia for the
genus.
74 A. EXCE'LSUM (Rchb. ill. t. 53.) spur spiral ; bottom of XXI. (2) NIRBI'SIA (Nirbishi or Nirbikhi, the aboriginal
helmet clavate, and with the beak elongated ; middle sepals very name of one of the species). Caltha Hamilt. in edinb. jour.
short. 4. H. Native of Russia near Moscow in shady groves. scienc. vol. 1. Aug. 1824. p. 249.
Stem slender, 6-8 feet high or more, furrowed, puberulous. LIN. Syst. Polyándria, Tetragynia. Calyx of 4, ovate, con-
Leaves large, thin, a little pubescent, smoothish above. Racemes cave, thick, obtuse, coloured, petal-like sepals. Petals wanting.
very long, loose, many-flowered. Flowers large, of a livid violet- Stamens numerous, very short. Ovaries 4, awl-shaped. Styles
colour. Ovaries 3, smooth ?
thick, awl-shaped, crowned by simple, acute stigmas. Capsules
Tall Aconite. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 6 to 8 feet.
4 awl-shaped, many-seeded. Smooth plants with tuberous roots,
75 A. THELY'PHONUM (Rchb. uebers. p. 73. ill. t. 54.) spur cordate or peltate alternate leaves and terminal panicles of small
spiral; bottom of helmet conical-elongated. 2. H. Native of greenish or yellowish flowers.
greenish or yellowish flowers. Qualities poisonous.
Europe, particularly in Austria, Bavaria, Transylvania, and Swit- 1 N. Bi'sma ; stem simple, smooth; cauline leaves numerous,
zerland, &c. A. rectum zoóctonum, and Lycóctonum, Rchb. stalked, cordate, roundish, smooth, somewhat 5-nerved and veiny,
uebers, p. 65, 69, and 73. A. lupària, Rchb. uebers. 74 ? A. 5-lobed ; lobes cuneated, cut at the apex; petioles very long,
alienum, Rchb. 73.? A. lagóctonum, Rchb. ueber. 71. A. stem-clasping at the base. 2. F. Native of Nipaul on the
arctóphonum, Rchb. uebers. 71. A. Lycóctonum, Elwert, fasc. Himalaya Mountains at the river Kosi. Cáltha Bísma, Hamilt.
pl. Baruth. D. C. syst. 1. p. 369. and other authors, but not of l. c. Panicle terminal ; peduncles elongated, few-flowered, rising
Lin. Gært. fruct. 1. p. 311. t. 65. A. Pyrenaicum and rectum, from the top of the stems or from the axils of the upper
Balbis. A. Lycóctonum, var. a, vulgàre, Ser. mus. helv. 1. leaves. Bracteas sessile, trifid, small, situated a little below the
p. 132. t. 15.f. 5,6. 4. 8. Stem 1 to 6 feet pubescent, with yellow flower. Flowers small, erect, green, blackish on the outside. Se-
hairs, hispid at the base. Leaves 7-parted, ciliated. Racemes pals 4, thickish, rude. Bishma, Békhma, Bish, or Bikh, is the
loose, furnished with a few axillary racemules. Flowers large, name of the plant in Nipaul.
yellow, pubescent, or smooth. Ovaries 3, smooth, rarely pu- The root of this plant is truly poisonous, and is used by the
bescent.
inhabitants of Nipaul, near the river Kosi, (the Corkhalese) to
Var. B, latiflòrum, plant smoothish ; flowers spiked or pani- poison their darts, and they regard it as their most powerful
cled, yellow ; helmet short and broad; hairs of peduncles means of repelling the invasions of their enemies, by the fa-
arched; ovaries smooth. 4. H. Native on the Alps of Bern. cility with which they can impoison water with it.
,
2
a

64
RANUNCULACEÆ. XXIX. (2) NIRBISIA. XXX. CIMICIFUGO. XXXI. ACTÆA.
mag. 2069.
a
a
D. C. syst. 1.
Bishma. Pl. iz
2. H. Native of North America in shady woods, on high
2 N. CODU'A ; stem erect; cauline leaves numerous, pilose, mountains of Carolina. Actæ'a cordifolia, D. C. syst. 1. p. 383.
nervous and veiny, ovate, peltate, with many cuneated, cut, Resembles C. serpentària. Ovaries smooth. Bot.
lobate lobes; lobules bluntish, with two deep incisures towards Heart-leaved Bugwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. Pl. 2 or 3 ft.
the top of the leaf. 4. F. Native of Nipaul with the preced- 4 C. PALMA'TA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 316.) ovaries from
ing Cáltha Codùa, Hamilt. 1. c. The root of this species is 12 to 15, collected into a roundish head ; racemes dichotomously
more poisonous than the last, and is used by the Corkhalese panicled ; leaves palmate, with the lobes serrated at the apex.
for the same purposes. Kodoya is the name of this plant in Nipaul. 2. H. Native of North America in the beds of mountain
4.
Kodoya. Pl. 1} foot.
rivulets in Virginia and Carolina, also on the north-west coast.
3 N. HAMILTO'NII, stem simple, smooth ; cauline leaves nu- Actæ'a
palmata, D. C. syst. 1. p. 383. Hydrástis, Lam. ill. t.
merous, stalked, cordate, triangular, somewhat 5-nerved, and 500. Hydrástis Carolinianus, Walt. carol. 156. ? Hydrástis Ca-
veiny, with a few short hairs on the edges ; lobes cuneated, cut, nadensis, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 71.-Bot. mag. 1630. Herb glabrous.
.
p
acute, quinquefariously divided; petioles very long, stem-clasp-
.;
Palmate-leaved Bugwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. Pl. 2 ft.
ing. 4. F. Native of Nipaul, along with the two preceding
species, where it is called Nirbishi or Nirbikhi. Cáltha Nirbisia,
§ 2. Actæ'a, Sect. Macròtys, D. C. syst. 1. p. 383. prod. 1.
Hamilt. 1. c. The root of this species is a powerful bitter, and is
p. 64. Carpels solitary,
employed by the natives of Nipaul to cure fevers.
5 C. SERPENTA'RIA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 372.) racemes
Hamilton's Nirbishi. Pl. 14 foot.
compound, very long ; leaves triternate, with serrated or rather
Cult. None of the species of Nirbisia has yet been intro- cut leaflets. 4. H. Native of North America in shady stony
duced into the gardens of Europe, therefore the mode of culti- woods, from Canada to Florida. Actæ'a monógyna, Walt. car.
vating them is unknown ; however, should they be, we would 151. Actæ'a racemosa, Lin. spec. 722. C. racemosa, Bart.
recommend their being grown in small pots filled with loam and philad. 2. p. 12.—Pluk. amaltħ. 54. t. 383. f. 3.- Dill. elth.
peat, and treated as other alpine plants ; they may be either in- 79. t. 67. f. 78. Resembles Actæ'a spicàta, but larger. Flowers
creased by separating the tubers or by seeds.
white. This plant is used with success by the native practitioners
of North America, for curing the dangerous bite of the Rattle-
Tribe V.
snake.
Black Snakeroot or Bugwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. Pl.
PÆONIA'CEÆ, D. C. prod. 1. p. 64. Ranunculàceæ Spùriæ,
3 to 5 feet.
p.
381. Anthers bursting outwards. Perhaps a
6 C. JAPO'NICA ; spikes very long; leaves ternate, with 5 or
distinct order. Herbs rarely shrubs.
7 lobed cordate segments. 4. H. Native of Japan. Actæ'a
XXX. CIMICIFUGO (from cimex, a bug, fugo, to drive Japónica, Thunb. jap. 221. D. C. syst. 384. Leaves large.
Flowers sessile.
away ; indicating certain virtues the plants possess, particularly
C. foe'tida.) Lin. amoen. 7. p. 435. Schreb. gen. 933. Acta'a,
Japan Bugwort. Pl. 3 feet.
Cult. Plants of easy culture, will grow in any common gar-
Sect. 1. Cimicifugo, D. C. syst. 1. p. 382. prod. 1. p. 64.
.
LIN. Syst. Polyándria, Mono-Polygynia. Calyx of 4 deci-
den soil, prefer a shady moist situation. All the species are
duous sepals. Petals 4. Styles 1 to 15. Carpels dry, dehiscent, easily increased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds.
,
many-seeded. Perennial herbs, with variously divided leaves,
and racemes of whitish flowers. Roots drastic and poisonous.
XXXI. ACTÆ'A (aktn, akte, was the Greek name of the
Elder, which these plants much resemble in foliage and fruit.)
§
§ 1. Acta'a, sect. Cimicífugo, D. C. syst. 1. p. 383. Carpels Lin. gen. no. 644. Christophoriàna, Tourn. inst. 299. t. 154.
.
from 1 to 15.
Actæ'a, Sect. III. Christophoriana, D. C.
384.
p.
LIN. Syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 deciduous
1. C. FE'TIDA (Lin. syst. ed. 12. p. 659.) ovaries 4, almost sepals. Petals 4. Style 1. Carpels baccate indehiscent (f. 13.
sessile, very villous ; racemes panicled ; leaves ternate or biter- b.) many-seeded (f. 13. e.) Perennial herbaceous plants, with
nate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, deeply toothed. 4. H. Native of bi or triternate leaves, and racemes of whitish flowers. Berries
the Carpathian mountains, Dauria, Eastern Siberia, and north- poisonous.
FIG. 13.
west coast of America. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 275. t. 140. Actæ'a 1 A. SPICA'TA (Lin. spec. 722.)
cimicífugo, Lin. amoen. 2. p. 354. D. C. syst. 1. p. 382. Plánta berry oblong; petals length of
cimicífugo, Lin. amoen. 8. p. 193. t. 4.
. 193. t. 4. A very fetid herb, stamens; racemes ovate; leaves
used in Siberia for driving away bugs, as tansy is by the peasants bi or triternate, with ovate-lan-
ceolate, serrated or cut segments,
Var. B, símplex (Wormsk ined. ex. Fisch. in litt.) 4. H. terminal one trifid. 4. H. Na-
Native of Kamtschatka, very common. Actæ'a cimicífugo B, tive almost throughout the whole
simplex, D. C. prod. 1. p. 64. Stem simple, undivided; racemes of Europe. In England in bushy
solitary or rarely twin. Perhaps a distinct species.
mountainous limestone situations,
Foetid Bugwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1777. Pl. 2 feet.
In the north-west corner
2 C. AMERICANA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 316.) ovaries of Yorkshire, as about Malham
4 or 5, smooth, stipitate; racemes panicled ; leaves decompound. Cove, Clapham, Askrigg, and the
4. H. Native of Carolina in shady woods on mountains. Ac- base of Ingleborough hill, &c.
tæ'a podocarpa, D. C. syst. 1. p. 382. Del. icon. sel. 1. t. 66. Smith, engl. bot. 918. Fl. dan.
Habit of C. serpentària.
rare.
498. Lam. illus. t. 448. f. 1.
American Bugwort. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1824. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. Gært. fr. 2. p. 154. t. 114.
3 C. CORDIFOLIA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 307. exclusive Flowers white, with a slight blush colour. This plant is a power-
of the synonyms,) ovaries from 2 to 3, sessile ; racemes panicled ; ful repellent. The root is useful in some nervous cases, but must
leaves biternate ; leaflets 4-5-lobed, serrated, cordate at the base. be administered with caution. The berries are black and poison-
.
syst. 1.
.
e
of this country.
OLY

RANUNCULACEÆ. XXXII. ZANTHORHIZA. XXXIII. PÆONIA.
65
der ;
Disk ex-
a
a
.
,
ous; the juice of them with alum yields a black die. Toads orbicular (f. 14. c.) Stamens indefinite. Disk fleshy, girding
are reported to enjoy the fetid odour of this plant. (f. 13.) the ovaries. Carpels follicular, from 2 to 5 (f. 14. e.) large,
Spiked-flowered or Common Bane-berry. Fl. May, July. many-seeded, terminated with thick bilamellate stigmas (f. 14.
England. Pl. 1 foot.
e.) Seeds rather globose, shining.-Roots fascicled. Cauline
2 A. RU'BRA (Willd. enum. p. 560.) leaves bi or triternate; leaves biternate. Flowers large, white or purplish, usually with
leaflets ovate-lanceolate, serrated or cut; petals acute, shorter a strong disagreeable smell. The root is acrid, bitter, and
than the stamens ; racemes simple hemispherical ; pedicels slen- fetid, and its qualities are reported to be narcotic and dan-
berries ovate-oblong. 2. H. Native of North America gerous, which we can readily believe. The seeds are somewhat
in shady rocky woods in rich vegetable soil, from Canada to emetic.
Virginia, and from Hudson's bay to the Rocky Mountains. A.
brachypétala var. f, rùbra, D. C. syst. 1. p. 385. Berries red. Sect. I. Mo'UTAN (the name of the tree Pæony in Japan
Flowers, fruit, and seeds larger than those of A. àlba. 'This and China.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 65. Stem shrubby.
plant is known in North America by the name of Red Co-hosh, panded into a membranous urceolus, involving the carpels more or
and is considered by the natives a valuable medicine.
less. The flowers of the Moutan Pæony are generally fragrant.
Var. B, coerulea ; berries blue. 4. H. Native of Florida, In China the shrubs sometimes exceed 10 feet in height, but in
where it is known by the name of Blue Co-hosh. A. brachypé- Britain they scarcely ever exceed 5 feet.
tala y, cærulea, D. C. syst. 1. p. 385. .
1 P. MOUTAN (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1154.) segments of leaves
Red Bane-berry. Fl. May, June. Clt. Pl. 1 to 1į foot. oval-oblong, glaucous underneath; carpels 5, villous. h. H.
3 A. A’LBA (Bigl. Al. bost. ed. 2. p. 211.) leaves bi or triter- Native of the North of China on mount Ho-nan. Cultivated in
nate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, serrate or cut ; petals truncate, the gardens throughout China and Japan for the beauty of their
equal in length to the stamens ; racemes simple, oblong ; pedi- blossoms. Flowers single, purple. All the varieties of Moutan
cels a little thickened; berries ovate-oblong. 4. H. Native
are very ornamental.
of North America in shady rocky woods in rich vegetable soil, Var. a, papavaràcea (Andr. bot. rep. t. 463.) petals from 8
from Canada to Virginia; in Canada, particularly about Lake to 13. white, with a purple spot at the base of each ; capsules
Huron. A. brachypétala a, álba, D. C. syst. 1. p. 385. Berries altogether inclosed in the unceolus or disk. h. H. Lodd. bot.
white. This plant is known in North America by the name of cab. 547. Sims, bot. mag. 2175.
White Co-hosh, and is considered a valuable medicine by the Var. 3, Banksi (Anders. Lin. trans. v. p.) flowers double ;
natives.
petals reddish in the middle ; segments of leaves, with blunt
Var. B, microcarpa; berries small white or reddish, on thick
fissures. h. H. Andr. bot. rep. t. 448. Ker. bot. reg. 379.
pedicels. 4. H.Native about Boston. A. brachypétala è, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1154. The petals are slightly tinged with
microcarpa, D. C. syst. 1. p. 385.
blush, becoming nearly white at the edges, and are marked at
White Bane-berry. Fi. May, June. Cit. Pl. 1 to 1} foot. the base with purplish red. Clt. 1794.
Cult. These plants will thrive well in any common garden Var. Y, Hūmei (Ker, bot. reg. t. 379.) flowers double, with
soil. They succeed best under the shade of trees. They are a bunch of long petals rising from the middle of the flower, of
easily increased by dividing the plants at the root, or by seeds, the same colour as Banksi. h. H. Clt. 1817.
which usually ripen in abundance.
Var. d, rosea (D. C. prod. 1. p. 65.) flowers semi-double,
rose-coloured; segments of leaves, with very blunt fissures at
XXXII. ZANTHORHIZA (from tavlos, zanthos, yellow,
h. H. Andr. bot. rep. t. 373. Lodd. bot. cab. t.
piša, rhiza, a root; deep yellow colour of the roots.) Marsh. . 1035. Petals large, of a fine deep pink. Clt. 1794.
arb. 167. Lam. ill. t. 854. D. C. syst. 1. p. 286. prod. 1. p. 65.
.
. Var. £, ròsea-plèna (Hort. trans. 6. p. 477.) flowers very
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Mono-Trigynia. Calyx of 5 deciduous double, of a fine deep pink, nearly scentless.-Bonpl. pl. rar. p.
sepals. Petals 5. Carpels 2-3-seeded, but usually solitary from 61. t. 23. P. suffruticosa, Andr. bot. rep. t. 373. Petals jagged.
abortion. A small shrub, with yellow creeping roots, irregu- Var. 5, Ranèsii (Hort. trans. 6. p. 479.) flowers single, pale,
larly pinnate leaves, branched racemes, and small purplish flowers slightly tinged with pink. The foliage much resembles that of
rising from the scaly buds.
an herbaceous Pæony. K.H. Clt. 1820.
1 Z. APIIFOʻLIA (Lher. stirp. nov. p. 79. t. 38.) K.H. Na-
h
Var. n, Carnea-plena (Hort. trans. 6. p. 481.) flowers very
tive of North America on shady banks of rivers ; from Virginia double, of a delicate purplish pink, with a rich purple rayed spot
to Georgia. Bart. elem. bot. t. 12. ex. coll. mat. med. amer. 2. at the top of each. Very like Banksii, but without the central
p. 11. A small shrub, with irregularly pinnate leaves ; leaflets elongated petals, which sometimes in that variety appear to rise
5-7; deeply serrated. Racemes branched, pendulous, rising from amongst
from amongst the germens.
with the leaves from the scaly buds. Flowers small, dark-purple, Var. I, álbida-plena (Hort. trans. vol. 6. p. 482.) flowers
usually unisexual from abortion. Bark of the root intensely and double, very pale, though not decidedly white, suffused with
adhesively bitter, and somewhat acrid.
purple. h. H.
Parsley-leaved Yellow-root. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1766. Sh. Var. 1, Anneslèi (Hort. trans. 6. p. 482. t. 7.) flowers small,
1 to 2 feet.
almost single, of a rich purplish pink; petals usually 9, obcor-
Cult. Zanthorhiza will thrive in any common garden soil. It date, slightly jagged at the margins, of a darker colour at their
is easily increased by suckers from the root, which are thrown bases.
out in great numbers.
Moutan or Tree Pæony. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1789. Shrub
3 to 10 feet.
XXXIII. PÆO'NIA (The physician Pæon was the first to
use this in medicine. The Greek legend adds, that he used it to Sect. II. PÆON (applied to this section on account of its con-
cure Pluto of a wound inflicted by Hercules.) Lin. gen. no. 678. taining the original Pæonys, for the derivation see genus.) D. C.
Gært
. fruct. 1. p. 309. t. 65. V. C. syst. 1. p. 386, prod. 1. prod. 1. p. 65. Stems herbaceous. Disk of flower hardly or
not expanded, and therefore only surrounding so much of the
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Di-Pentagynia. Calyx of 5 leafy inequal base of the carpels (f. 14. d.) Roots fascicled, composed of
permanent sepals (f. 14. b. a.) Petals from 5 to 10, somewhat fusiform tubers.
K
the apex.
a
a
a
h. H.
p. 65.
VOL. I.PART I.

66
RANUNCULACEÆ. XXXIII. PÆONIA.
a
a,
Vary,
$ 1. Leaves glabrous.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1754. P. laciniàta, Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 93. t.
.
85. Flowers crimson, drooping. The root dried is used by the
2 P. CORALLI'NA (Retz. obs. 3.
FIG. 14.
Mongols and some Tartars as sauce for their meat, and Boetcher,
p. 34.) carpels tomentose; seg-
an army surgeon, found it to be useful in intermittent fevers.
ments of leaves ovate, entire, gla-
Anomalous Pæony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1788. Pl. 2 to 3 ft.
brous. 2. H. Native of many
9 P. Cre'tica (Člus. hist. 1. p. 281. D. C. syst. 1. p. 394.
parts of Europe ; France, Balearic
f
Tausch. 1. c.) carpels 5, tomentose; leaves ternately cut ; leaflets
Islands, Greece, and Siberia ; in
quinate-pinnatifid; segments lanceolate, acuminated, decurrent
England abundantly on the rocky
at the base, smooth on both surfaces. 2. H. Native of Crete.
clefts of the steep Holmes in the
Flowers white or blush.
Severn, Smith, engl. bot. t. 1513.
Cretan Pæony. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
P. officinalis , màscula, Lin. spec.
10 P. Co'rsica (Sieb. pl. cors. Tausch. Vorgel in Sitz. bot.
747.-Lob.icon. 684.f.2. Flowers
gesell. vol. 4. 1827.) carpels smooth, erect ; leaves biternate-
crimson. Leaves broad, of a dark
cut; segments entire ovate, acuminate, nearly quite smooth. 4.
shining green. (f. 14.)
H. Native of Corsica on mount Gagna. P. paradoxa -, leo-
Coralline or Male Pæony. FI.
carpa, D. C. prod. 1. p. 66.? Flowers purplish, large.
May, June. England. Pl. 1 to 2
Corsican Pæony. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Pl. 2 feet?
feet.
11 P. ALBIFLO'RA (Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 84.) carpels smooth,
3 P. FESTIVA (Tausch. in Sitz.
recurved ; segments of leaves smooth, shining, 3-parted, with
bot. gesell. vol. 4. nov. 1827.) carpels tomentose, erect; segments ovate-lanceolate lobes. 24. H. Native from Siberia to China.
of leaves unequally jagged, smooth, with the divisions crowded, Flowers white. P. édulis, Sal. par. lond. 78.
oblong-lanceolate. 4. H. Native of many parts of Europe, Var. a, vestàlis (Anders. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 257.) leaflets
in mountain woods, France, Switzerland, Carinthia, Carniola, broader, flat, purplish ; flowers white, of 8 petals ; stigmas
Greece, and Crete, &c. P. officinalis, Retz. obs. 8. p. 35. Sims,
.
pale-yellow; stem 2-3-flowered. A. albiflora, Andr. bot. rep.
bot. mag. t. 1784. Smith, f. græc. 369. P. ambígua, Lois ?
t. 64.
Var. a, Sabini (Anders. in Lin. trans. 12. p. 265.) flowers Var. B, candida (Anders. 1. c.) leaflets broader, flat, dark-
dark-purple. P. officinalis, Sims, bot. mag. 1784.
.
green; flowers pale flesh-coloured, of 8-petals; stigmas flesh-
Var. ß, ròsea (Anders. 1. c. p. 266.) flowers deep rose-colour- coloured ; stem 2-flowered.
ed; stems loose.—Lob. icon. 697.
Var.
7,
Tatárica (Anders. l. c. p. 258.) leaflets broader, flat,
rùbra (Anders. 1. c. p. 267.) flowers very double, dark- purplish; flowers flesh-coloured, of 9 to 14 petals, with flesh-
,
purple.-Lob. icon. 684. This is the most common variety in coloured stigmas; stem 2-3-flowered. P. edulis, Sal.
par
lond.
gardens.
78. P. albiflòra, Ker. bot. reg. t. 42.
.
Var. d, carnéscens (Anders. 1. c. p. 268.) flowers very double, Var. 8, Sibérica (Anders. 1. c.) leaflets concave, pale green;
of a deep rose colour.
flowers altogether white, with flesh-coloured stigmas; stem 2-
Var. ę, álbicans (Anders. 1. c.) flowers very double, blush.- flowered.
Tabern. icon. 785.-Park. par. p. 342 and 343. f. 4.
Var. ε, rubescens (Anders. l. c. p. 259.) leaflets concave, nar-
Common or Handsome Pæony. Fl. My. Ju. Clt. 1548. Pl. 2 ft. rower, purplish ; flowers reddish, of 8 petals, with pale-yellow
4 P. TRITERNA'TA (Pall. nov. act. petrop. vol. 10.) carpels stigmas; stem 3-flowered. A dwarf plant.
tomentose, erect; segments of leaves glaucous underneath, some- Var. 5, uniflora (Anders.l. c.) leaflets concave, narrow ; flowers
what lobed with obovate blunt lobules. 2. H. Native of Tauria.
white, of 8 petals, with pale yellow stigmas ; stem 1-flowered.
P. Dàurica, Andr. bot. rep. t. 486. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1441. P. albiflòra, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1756. Petals pink at the base.
Flowers of a pleasant pale rose-colour.
Var. n, Whitlèji (Anders. 1. c.) leaves more wrinkled, un-
Triternate-leaved Pæony. Fl. My. Ju. Clt. 1790. Pl.14 to 2 ft. equally jagged; flowers pale-blush ; stem 3 feet high, usually
5 P. LOBA'TA (Desf. cat. hort. par. 126.) carpels tomentose, bearing 5 flowers. Ker. bot. reg. t. 630.-Andr. bot
. rep. 612.
5 .
.
erectish; segments of leaves smooth, decurrent, pinnate-parted, Outside petals reddish, inside ones pale straw-coloured, the
3-lobed at the apex. 4. H. Native of Portugal. Flowers whole becoming nearly white before they drop off, emitting a scent
purple, sweet-scented.
somewhat like that of Elder-flowers. Flowering in June. Native
Lobed-leaved Pæony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. Pl. 2 feet. of China. Clt. 1808.
6 P. TENUIFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 748.) carpels tomentose, spread- Var. 9, Hùmei (Anders. l. c. p. 260.) leaflets wrinkled, un-
ing; segments of leaves smooth, divided into many fine linear lobes. equally jagged; flowers very double, red ; stem 4 feet high,
2. H. Native of the Ukraine, Siberia and Tauria, among broken usually 3-flowered. P. edulis var. Sinensis, Sims, bot.
rocks on the banks of rivers. Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 95. t. 87. 1768. Native of China.
Clt. 1808.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 926. Flower fine dark-red, and nestled as it Var. 1, fràgrans (Anders. 1. c.) leaflets wrinkled, narrow, pale
were among the finely divided leaves.
green; flowers double, rose-coloured ; stem erect, 3 feet high,
Var. B, laciniata (Willd. enum. 573.) stem higher, and with 1-3-flowered. Ker. bot. reg. 485. Hort. trans. vol. 2. t. 18.
the segments of the leaves broader than in the species.
Native of China. Clt. 1805.
Fine-leaved Pæony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1765. Pl. 1 to 13 ft. The roots of many of the varieties of this plant are boiled in
7 P. HY'BRIDA (Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 94. t. 86.) carpels pubes- broth by the Daurians and Monguls. They also grind the seeds
cent, spreading; segments of leaves smooth, many-parted into and put them into their tea.
linear lobes. 4. H. Native of the Ukraine between the Volga White-flowered or Edible Pæony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1548.
.
and Tanais. Flowers dark red. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1208. Perhaps Pl. 1 to 4 feet.
only a variety of the preceding.
12 P. BRO'WNII (Doug. mss. in Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 27.)
Hybrid Pæony. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Pl. 1 to 1} foot. carpels 5, quite smooth, erect ; leaves smooth on both surfaces;
8 P. ANO'MALA (Lin. mant. 247.) carpels 5, smooth, depressed, leaflets ternately divided or pinnatifid, jagged ; segments oblong,
obtuse; segments of leaves smooth, pinnatifid ; lobes lanceolate, those of the upper leaves are very blunt ; stem erect, branched,
acuminated. 2. H. Native of Siberia. Andr. bot.
rep.
514. striated. 2. H. Native of North West America, near the
a
mag. t.

RANUNCULACEÆ. XXXIII. PÆONIA.
67
p. 66.
ܪܐ
,
limits of perpetual snow on the subalpine range of Mount Hood. f. 1.-Mor. hist. 3. sect. 12. t. 1. f. 7. P. Tatárica, Mill. dict.
Flowers purplish-red.
no. 5. D. C. syst. 1. p.
392. P. peregrina var. ß, D. C. syst.
Brown's Pæony. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
1. p. 390.
390. P. paradòxa var. y. Tatárica, D. C. prod. 1.
Dioscorides celebrates this plant as useful in promoting natural
$ 2. Leaves puberulous on the under surface.
discharges when deficient, and restraining some of them when too
19 P. Ru'ssi (Biv. mant. sic. 4. p. 12.) carpels hairy ; seg- abundant. Flowers red or crimson.
ments of leaves elliptical, entire, hardly puberulous underneath. Var. B, múltiplex; leaves difformly lobed, pubescent. Mill.
2. H. Native of Sicily in the mountains about Panorma. Sweet. icon. 2. t. 199.
brit. Al. gard. t. 122. Root fusiform.
Root fusiform. Flowers crimson. Very Officinal Pæony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1548. Pl. 2 feet.
like P. hùmilis.
19 P. PARADO'xa (Anders. l. c. p. 288.) carpels downy,
Russ's Pæony. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
straight; segments of leaves many-parted, blunt, and somewhat
14 P. HUMILIS (Rets. obs. 3. p. 35.) carpels tomentose, waved, glaucous and hairy underneath. 4. H. Native of Spain
erectish ; segments of leaves multifid or 3-5-parted, villous under- and the south of France on mountains. A. Lusitánica, Mill. dict.
neath, with narrow lanceolate lobes. 2. M. Native of Spain. no. 6. Tausch. Vorgel. in Sitz. bot. Gesell. vol. 4. 1827. Flowers
Sims, bot. mag. 1422.-Lob. icon. 683. f. 1.-Mor. hist. 3. p.
.
of a violet crimson-colour, with obovate jagged petals, which are
455. sect. 12. t. 1. f. 8. Flowers of a purplish-blood-colour. often bifid.
Petals a little jagged. Stigmas erect. Lobes of leaves chan- Var. a, simpliciflora (Anders. I. c. p. 289.) stem altogether
nelled.
smooth ; flowers of 8 petals.-Besl. hort. eyst. ord. 6. t. 14.
Humble Pæony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1633. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. f. 3.
15 P. DECO'RA (Anders. in Lin. trans. 11. p. 273.) carpels Var. B, fimbriata (Anders. I. c. p. 290.) stem hardly hairy ;
pubescent, spreading ; segments of leaves 3-parted-jagged, ob- flowers double ; petals more linear and divided than any of the
long, blunt, hairy underneath. 4. H. Native of Turkey about varieties of P. festiva. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 19. P. humilis, Willd.
Constantinople. P. Bysantīna prior, Clus. hist. p. 279.–Park.
- enum. 572. Hort. Prague. Double-fringed Pæony, Hort. trans.
par. p. 342 and 343. t. 2.? Flowers deep-crimson. Petals 2. p. 276.
small, narrow, with curled margins. Stigma lunate, pale-red, Var. y, leocárpa (D.C. prod. 1. p. 66.) carpels quite smooth.
recurved.
Paradoxical Pæony. Fl. June. Clt.? Pl. 1 to 13 foot.
Var. a, Pallàsü (Anders. 1. c.) leaflets narrow, oblong. Native 20 P. MO'LLIS (Anders. 1. c. p. 282.) carpels downy, straight;
of the Crimea.
segments of leaves oval-lanceolate, flat, lobed, overlapping each
Var. B, elatior (Anders. 1. c.) leaflets broad, oblong.
other, clothed with greyish hairs underneath. 2. H. Native
Comely Pæony. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Pl. 2 to 3 feet. of Siberia ? Lod. bot. cab. 1263. Calyx pubescent on the out-
16 P. ARIETI'NA (Anders. 1. c. p. 275.) carpels downy, arched, side. Flowers small, of a dull purplish red.
spreading ; segments of leaves, 3-lobed and pinnatifid, decurrent, Soft-leaved Pæony. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Pl. 1 foot.
oval-oblong, flattish, hairy underneath. 4. H. Native of the 21 P. PUBENS (Sims, bot. mag. 2264.) leaves biternate;
Levant.
leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, densely clothed with soft pubes-
Var. a, Andersonü (Anders. 1. c.) flowers of a deep rose- cence beneath; ovaries clothed with whitish tomentum, each
colour ; petals a little curled.-J. Bauh. hist. 3. p. 493.
crowned by a somewhat orbicular stigma; stem, petioles, and
Var. B, Oxoniensis (Anders. 1. c. p. 276.) flowers flesh- peduncles hairy. 2. H. Native of ? Flowers large, dark-
coloured; petals jagged-curled. P. arietàna cárnea, D. C. prod. purple ; anthers yellow.
'
1. p. 66.-Mor. hist. 2. p. 454.
Downy Pæony. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1} foot.
Ram's-horn capsuled Pæony. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Pl. 2 ft. 22 P. VILLO'SA (Sweet, fl. gard. t. 113.) carpels densely
17 P. PEREGRI'NA (Mill. dict. no. 3.) carpels downy, tomentose, erect, but somewhat incurved at the
apex ;
leaves
straight; segments of leaves unequally jagged, with entire ovate- villous, pubescent, and whitish-glaucous beneath, lower ones
lanceolate wrinkled lobes, hairy and glaucous underneath. 4. somewhat triternate, upper ones ternate ; leaflets pinnatifid ; seg-
H. Native of the south of Europe in mountain meadows. ments oblong-lanceolate, elongated, incurved at the apex. 2.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1050. P. peregrina y, D. C. syst. 1. p. 390.
t
H. Native of France ? Flowers white. P. sessiliflora, Sims,
P. promíscua, Lobel. icon. 683. Tausch. 1. c. Flowers crimson, bot. mag. t. 2648.
.
with erose petals.
Villous Pæony. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 13 foot.
Var. B, Grevillei (Anders. l. c. p. 280.) leaflets deeply jagged Cult. The Moutan or Tree Pæony and its numerous
varieties
and undulated, sometimes twisted, narrow, acute, wrinkled, are much esteemed for the beauty of their flowers. They are
glaucous, particularly beneath, with reddish margins; calyx quite hardy, but as their blossoms are apt to be injured by the cold
smooth.
blasts of spring ; glass-frames to answer the size of the plants
Var. 7, compacta (Anders. 1. c. p. 279.) leaflets dark green, should be placed over them, under which they will blossom in
broad-ovate, flat, not waved nor jagged, with
very
blunt
seg- great perfection. A rich loamy soil suits them best. Cuttings
ments ; lateral leaflets 3-lobed or ternate, crowded so as to over- taken off in August or September, with a part of the wood of the
lap each other; calyx hairy at the base ; carpels generally two. preceding year attached, and planted in a sheltered situation,
Var. O, múltiplex; flowers double, purplish ; lobes of leaves will root freely. They may be also increased by layers : the
elongated, rather hairy. P. hirsuta, Mill. dict. no. 4.-Mor. hist. shoots before they are layed down require to have a longitudinal
3. p. 455. sect. 12. t. 1. f. 17.
slit made on the under side; however, in this way they are
;
Foreign Pæony: Fl. May, June. Clt. 1629. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. longer in emitting roots than the cuttings. The hardy herba-
.
18 P. OFFICINA'Lis (Lin. spec. 747. var. a fæmina,) carpels ceous species are amongst the most shewy of border-flowers.
recurved, tomentose ; segments of leaves unequally jagged, with They thrive best in a rich loamy soil, and are easily increased
the divisions oblong-lanceolate, smooth, glaucous, and somewhat by dividing the plants at the roots, taking care to leave a bud
pilose beneath. 4. H. Native of Europe in shady places on to each slip, or by seeds; by the last method many new varieties
mountains.-Lobel. icon. 682.-Besl. eyst. vern. ord. 6. P.
15.
may be raised.
K 2

68
DILLENIACEÆ. I. TETRACERA.
.
ORDER II. DILLENIA'CEÆ. (plants agreeing with Dille- 4 DoliocaʼRPUs. Stamens indefinite. Carpel baccate, 1-2-
nia in many important characters.) D. C. ann. mus. 17. p.
400. seeded. Sepals 5, concave, unequal. Petals 3-5.
syst. 1. p. 395. prod. 1. p. 67.
5 DELIMA. Stamens indefinite. Carpel 1, capsular, 1-2-
Parts of flower imbricate in the bud. Calyx of 4 or 5 perma- seeded. Sepals 5. Petals 4-5.
nent sepals (f. 15. a. f.16.a.) but in Empedoclea numerous. Petals 6 CURATE'LLA. Stamens numerous. Carpels 2, capsular,
4-5, permanent(f.19.a.) or deciduous(f. 16.a.) alternating with the 1-2-seeded. Sepals and petals 4-5.
sepals. Stamens indefinite, free, (f. 17. a. f. 19.b.) or polydelphous. 7 TRACHYTE'LLA. Stamens indefinite. Carpels 1-2, baccate,
Anthers adnate, bursting inwards or laterally (f. 17. c.). Carpels many-seeded. Sepals and petals 4-5.
1-celled, numerous, usually from 2 (f. 16. d.) to 5 (f. 15. a.) but 8 Re'cchia. Stamens 10. Ovaries 2. Sepals and petals 5.
sometimes solitary from abortion, capsular, baccate (f. 19. c.),
TRIBE II.
or 2-valved (f. 15. e.), free (f. 15.a.), or connected into one fruit
(f. 19. c.). Seeds attached to the inner angle of the cells of the DILLE'NEÆ. (D. C. syst. 1. p. 397. prod. 1. p. 70.) Filaments
carpels, usually in 2 rows, numerous or few, sometimes solitary of stamens not dilated at the apex (f. 16. c. f. 17. a.) bearing on
from abortion (f. 15. e. f. 16.e.). Embryo small, placed in the both sides the elongated oblong cells of the anthers (f. 17. e.).
base of a cartilaginous albumen. Elegant evergreen trees, shrubs, 9 PACHYNEMA. Stamens 7, 10, free. Filaments broad, and
or climbing shrubs, with alternate simple, feather-nerved, entire thick at the base (f. 16. b.). Ovaries 2 (f. 16. d.) or 3; styles
;
(f. 17.), or toothed (f. 19.) leaves. Flowers solitary (f. 16, 18, awl-shaped (f. 16. d.). Sepals and petals 5 (f. 16. a.), but the
19.), racemose (f. 17.) or panicled (f. 15.), terminal or lateral, petals soon fall off.
usually yellow, emulating those of Cistus. This order differs 10 Hemiste'mma. Stamens indefinite, all leaning to one side
from Ranunculàceæ in the sepals being permanent, as well as in (f. 17. a.), outer ones sterile, of the form of scales. Ovaries 2
the anthers never bursting outwards, and from Magnoliàceæ and (f. 17.6.), styles filiform. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 17. d.).
Anonàceæ in the parts of the flowers being disposed in a qui- 11 PLEURA'NDRA. Stamens 5-20, all leaning to one side and
nary order, not often ternary as in these orders.
fertile (f. 18. e.). Ovaries 2 (f. 18. c.); styles filiform. Sepals
The medical properties of this order are hardly known ; a and petals 5 (f. 18. a.).
decoction of their leaves or bark is astringent, but it is neither
12 CANDO LLEA. Stamens indefinite, collected into many
bitter nor aromatic, and is used for gargles, and the acid juice of bundles. Ovaries 2-5; styles filiform. Sepals and petals 5.
the fruit of some species of Dillènia is used in India, mixed with 13 ADRASTÆ'A. Stamens 10, free, equal; filaments flat,
water, as a pleasant beverage in fevers. The foliage of many bearing the oblong cells of the anthers on the margin. Ovaries
of the species being extremely scabrous, are used, when dried, 2; styles conical-awl-shaped. Sepals and petals 5.
for the same purposes as fish skin and sand-paper in Europe ; 14 HIBBE'RTIA. Stamens indefinite, free, filiform, equal ; an-
those of Trachytélla áspera are even employed in China for thers, oval-oblong. Ovaries from 1-15; styles filiform, in-
polishing works of metals.
flexed. Sepals and petals 5.
The seeds of the plants belonging to this order, retain their 15 WO'RMIA. Stamens indefinite, free, filiform, equal. Ova-
vegetative power but for a very short time, therefore the sooner ries 5, distinct; styles filiform ; stigmas emarginate. Sepals
they are sown after their arrival the more likely they will be to and petals 5.
vegetate. Many of them will not retain their power of vege- 16 COLBE'RTIA. Stamens indefinite, 10-50 of which are much
tating more than 6 weeks or 2 months after they have been col- longer than the rest. Ovaries 4-12, joined together into one bac-
lected from the plant.
cate fruct, crowned by the diverging styles. Sepals and petals 5.
17 CAPE'LLIA. Stamens indefinite, the inner ones much longer
Synopsis of the Genera.
than the rest in one row. Capsules membranous, connected
TRIBE I.
together into dry globose fruit. Sepals and petals 5.
DELIMA'CEÆ. (D. C. syst. 1. p. 396. prod. 1. p. 67.) Filaments 18 DILLE'NIA. Stamens indefinite, free, equal (f. 19. b.);
of stamens dilated at the apex, bearing on both sides the separated carpels 10-20, joined together into a spurious, many-celled,
roundish cells of the anthers.
baccate fruit (f. 19. c.), and crowned by the radiating stigmas
1 Tetra'cera. Flowers usually dioecious or polygamous ; (f. 19. d.). Sepals and petals 5, both permanent (f. 19.a.).
male flowers with an indefinite number of stamens ; female ones
Tribe I.
with 1-5 capsular 1-seeded carpels, which are girded by 4 or 6
imbricate sepals (f. 15. a. d.). Petals 3-6 (f. 15. b.).
DELIMACEÆ (plants agreeing with Delima in some cha-
racters). D. C. syst. 1. p. 397. prod. 1. p. 67. Filaments of
2 Davi'LLA. Stamens indefinite. Carpel 1-3, capsular, inde-
stamens dilated at the apex, bearing on both sides the roundish
hiscent, testaceous, 1-2-seeded, inclosed within the two inner separated cells of the anthers. Styles filiform (f. 15. d.), acute.
.
sepals which are concave, and joined together in the form of Carpels capsular (f. 15. a.), bladder-formed or baccate. Mostly
valves, the three outer ones are small. Petals 2-3.
climbing shrubs, seldom trees, with terminal racemes or panicles
3 EMPEDOCLEA. Stamens indefinite. Carpel 1, oblong, py-
of flowers (f. 15.).
1 TETRACERA (from Terpas, tetras, four-fold, and kepas,
ramidal, 6-seeded, baccate ? trigonal, with one of the angles keras, a horn; because of the four capsules, recurved like as
bearded. Sepals numerous, imbricate. Petals 3.
horns. However, the genus has received an accession of
many

DILLENIACEÆ. I. TETRACERA.
69
.
species with 1-5 capsules, which invalidate the strict propriety of oval, smooth, shining, compressed, inflated, smaller than those of
its name, and render its situation in the Linnean System truly T. volubilis.
ambiguous). Lin. gen. no. 683. Gært. fruct. 1. p. 336. t. 69. Round-leaved Tetracera. Shrub cl.
D. C. syst. 1. p. 397. prod. 1. p. 67.
9 T. MULTIFLO'RA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 400.) leaves oval, rather
.
LIN. SYST.
Dice'cia or Polygàmia, Polyándria. Calyx of obtuse, sinuately toothed at the apex, smooth, drawn out along
4-6 permanent sepals. Petals 3-6, deciduous. Flowers usually the petiole; panicle many-flowered; pedicels smooth. h. S.
dioecious or polygamous, female ones with an indefinite number Native of Para. Deless.icon. sel. 1. t. 69. Flowers monogynous.
of stamens, male ones with 1-5, but usually 4, capsular carpels, Many-flowered Tetracera. Shrub cl.
girded by the imbricate sepals (f. 15. a.). Seeds 1 (f. 15. e.) or 2, 10 T. ALNIFO'LIA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1243.) leaves oval-oblong,
ovate, shining, arillate.
Flowers yellow or white. Mostly blunt, or somewhat acute, glabrous, upper surface roughish,
climbing shrubs rarely erect.
under surface smooth, somewhat denticulated at the top; pe-
1 T. VOLU'BILIS (Lin. spec. 617.) leaves obovate, blunt, very duncles panicled, somewhat pubescent. h.v.S. Native in
rough, somewhat toothed at end; flowers panicled, rather loose; woods along the coast of Guinea from the river Senegal to Congo.
peduncles velvety. h..S. Native of the island of Barbadoes, Petals obovate, scarcely longer than the calyx.
Brazil, and South America about Panama. Gært. fruct. 1. p. Alder-leaved Tetracera. Fl. Jan. Feb. Clt. 1793. Shrub cl.
336. t. 69. f. 3.—Breyn. exot. 20. t. 6. Capsules clothed with 11 T. POTATO'RIA (Afz.) leaves oblong, glabrous, dark-green,
some hairs at the
apex.
toothed, sessile, somewhat sheathing at the base; panicle large,
Twining Tetracera. Fl.? Clt. 1818. Shrub. cl.
terminal. h. v. S. Native of Sierra Leone on the mountains.
2 T. OBLONGA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 399.) leaves oblong, blunt, Leaves large, sometimes more than half a foot long.
sinuately-toothed, scabrous on both surfaces; flowers crowded, This shrub, when cut across, yields a quantity of clear, whole-
in simple, dense racemes; peduncles smooth. h. n. S. Native some water ; hence it has obtained the name of Water Tree in
of Brazil, about Rio Janeiro. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 67. Like the colony of Sierra Leone.
T. volúbilis, but differing from it in the branches and peduncles Drinking Tetracera or Water Tree. Fl.? Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
being very smooth. Capsules 3, smooth. Petals 3, white. 12 T. OBOVA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 401.) leaves large, obo-
Oblong-leaved Tetracera. Fl. March. Shrub cl.
vate, obtuse, tapering to the base, smooth, entire, brownish vel-
3 T. LI'MA (Willd. ined. in herb. Bonpl. D. C. syst. 1. p. vety on the under surface; flowers panicled. h. v. S. Native
399.) leaves oblong, blunt, cuneated at the base, entire, scabrous of the coast of Guinea from the river Senegal to Cape Coast.
on both surfaces; peduncles panicled, pubescent. ħ. S. Na- Obovate-leaved Tetracera. Fl. Jan. Feb. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
tive of Brazil. Petals oblong, blunt, narrow, a little longer than 13 T. SENEGALE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 401.) leaves oval,
the calyx. The two outer sepals small, the three inner ones rather acute, quite entire, smooth ; peduncles panicled, many-
connivent and concave.
flowered. hin. S. Native of Senegal. Calyx of 5, nearly
Rasp-leaved Tetracera. Shrub cl.
orbicular sepals. Petals 3.
.
4 T. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 399.) leaves oval-oblong, Senegal Tetracera. Shrub cl.
acuminated, serrulated, scabrous on both surfaces; peduncles 14 T. LÆ'vis (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 71.) leaves oblong, acumi-
.
racemose, pubescent. h. v. S. Native of South America?
.
nated, nearly entire, smooth; racemes terminal, simple. h. S.
The two outer sepals are very short; the three inner ones orbi- Native of the East Indies. Capsules 4, roundish, ventricose,
cular.
mucronate, very smooth, shining.
Acuminated-leaved Tetracera. Shrub cl.
Smooth Tetracera? Shrub cl.
5 T. HISPIDA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 629.) leaves lanceolate, 14 T. EURYA'NDRA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 71.) leaves oval, ob-
tapering to both ends, serrulated, smooth above, but discoloured tuse, quite entire, smooth ; peduncles paniculately-racemose, pu-
below, and strigose at the veins ; peduncles axillary, racemose, bescent. 5. v.S. Native of New Caledon. Euryándra scán-
and are, as well as the branchlets, hairy. h. v.S. Native of dens. Forst. prod. no. 228, gen. no. 41. t. 41. Deless, icon.
Brazil.
sel. 1. t. 70. Petals 3, oblong, longer than the calyx.
Hispid Tetracera. Shrub cl.
Broad-stamened Tetracera. Shrub cl.
6 T. JAMAICE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 399.) leaves oval-oblong,
, 16 T. RheE'DI (D. C. syst. 1. p. 402.) leaves oblong, acumi-
acutish, somewhat serrulated, drawn out at the base along the nated at both ends, quite entire, smooth; panicle branched,
petioles, smoothish on both surfaces; peduncles racemose, gla- somewhat dichotomous; flowers of 4 sepals. N. v. S. Native
brous, rather roughish. h.S. Native of Jamaica.
of Malabar in mountainous and rocky places. Acara-pats jotti.
Jamaica Tetracera. Shrub. cl.
Rheed. mal. 5. p. 15. t. 8. Very like T. Assa, but differing
7 T. OVALIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 1.
FIG. 15.
from it in the leaves being large, oblong, and entire. Flowers
p. 400.) leaves oval, obtuse, quite
white, sweet-scented ; anthers flesh-coloured. Carpels dark-
entire, roughish on both surfaces;
red, shining
peduncles racemosely panicled,
Rheede's Tetracera. Fl. Sept. Oct. Shrub cl.
somewhat velvety. h.U.S. Native
17 T. A'ssa (D. C. syst. 1. p. 402.) leaves oval, acuminated
of Cayenne. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t.
at both ends, a little denticulated, upper surface smooth, under
68. Sepals roundish, exterior ones
surface, as well as peduncles, pubescent; panicle 4-5 flowered ;
velvety on the back, interior ones
sepals 4, smoothish. h.u.S. Native of the East Indies. T.
ciliated at their margins (f. 15. a.).
Malabarica, Lam. ill. t. 485. f. 1. A'ssa exótica, Gmel. syst. 839.
Oval-leaved Tetracera. Shrubcl.
Ay-assa, Rumph. amb. 7. p. 20 ?
8 T. ROTUNDIFO'LIA (Smith, in
Ay-assa Tetracera. Shrub cl.
Rees, cycl. vol. 35.) leaves round-
18 T. WAHLBO'MIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 403.) leaves elliptical,
ish-elliptical, entire, scabrous on
acuminated at the top, and serrated, stipulate at base, with the
both surfaces; panicles terminal ;
under surface, as well as peduncles, pubescent; panicle 4 or 5-
flowers hermaphrodite, with four
flowered; sepals 4, villous on the outside. h. S. Native of
styles, smooth inside. H.S. Na-
Java. Wahlbòmia I'ndica. Thunb. act. holm. 1790. p. 215. t.
tive of Guiana. Capsules 3-4,
9. Lam. ill. t. 485.

70
DILLENIACEÆ. II. DAVILLA.
a
a
a
1.
Wahlbom's Tetracera, Shrub cl.
Stiff-leaved Tetracera. Shrub cl.
19 T. TIGA'REA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 403.) leaves roundish, 30 T. FAGIFO'LIA (Blum. l. c.) leaves ovate-elliptical, acute,
somwehat repand, rough on both surfaces as well as branches ;
serrated at the apex, scabrous beneath ; panicle compound, pyra-
panicles, branched, many-flowered. h. n. S. Native of Guiana midal, tomentose ; sepals and petals ciliated.
, h.vis. Native
and Cayenne in woods. Tigàrea áspera, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 920. of Java. Flowers trigynous.
t. 350. Tetr. áspera, Willd. spec. Calyx persistent, outer
Beech-leaved Tetracera. Shrub cl.
sepals a little reflexed, inner ones conniving. This species, as Cult, Handsome shrubs, well adapted for covering rafters in
well as the following, is called Liane rouge in French Cayenne, stoves. They succeed best in a mixture of turfy loam and peat,
from its colour in an infusion of water, which the natives consider and ripened cuttings will strike root freely if planted in a pot of
a remedy for syphilis. Flowers monogynous with 4 white petals. sand and placed in heat under a hand-glass.
Tigàrea is the name of this plant in Guiana.
Tigarea Tetracera. Fl. Jan. Shrub cl.
II. DAVI'LLA (in honour of Henry Catherine Davilla, a
20 T. TOMENTO'SA (Willd. spec. pl. 2. p. 1241.) leaves ovate, celebrated Italian historian, died 1599.) Vand. fl. lus. et bras.
acuminated, toothed, upper surface smooth, under surface, as prod. 115. t. 2. f.14. D. C. syst. 1. p. 404. prod. 69.
well as the branches, are tomentose. h.U.S. Native of Cayenne LIN. syst. Polyándria, Mono-Digýnia. Calyx of 5
Calyx of 5 permanent
in woods. Tigàrea dentàta, Aubl. Guian. 2. p. 920. t. 351. sepals, the three outer ones small. Petals 2-3, deciduous. Stamens
Flowers white, monogynous.
indefinite. Carpels 1-2, capsular, indehiscent, testaceous, 1 or
Tomentose Tetracera. Fl. Jan. Shrub cl.
2-seeded, inclosed by the two interior joined, concave, opposite,
21 T.CUSPIDA'TA (Mey. prim. fl. esseq. p. 205.) leaves oval- valvæform sepals. Seed somewhat globose. The habit of the
oblong, with cuspidate serratures, under surface tomentose; pe- shrubs is very near Tetrácera or Delima, and appears to be the
duncles 1-flowered, in axillary fascicles. h. v. S. Native of the link between these two genera.
island of Arowabish in Guiana in dry woods. Flowers mono- 1 D. FLEXUO'SA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 17. t. 2.) plant quite
gynous.
smooth ; leaves elliptical, obtuse at both ends, quite entire, cori-
Cuspidate-toothed Tetracera. Shrub cl
aceous; racemes nearly simple ; carpels 3, opening irregularly.
22 T. SERICEA (Blum. bijd. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnæa h.S. Native of Brazil, at the mouth of the Rio Doce near the
p.
491.) leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, serru- Fort called Quartel da Regencia. An upright shrub, branch-
lated at the apex, pubescent beneath, as well as the branchlets ing from the base ; branches reddish and flexuous. Leaves 2-3-
and pedicels; racemes 4-5-flowered; flowers trigynous ; sepals inches long. Flowers yellow.
and petals silky on the inside. h.v.S. Native of Java.
Flexuous-branched Davilla. Shrub 6 feet.
Silky-flowered Tetracera. Shrub cl.
2 D. ELLIPTICA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 17.) stem erect, much
23 T. ERE'CTA (Sesse, et Moc. fl. mex. icon. et D. C. syst. 1. branched, leaves elliptical, quite blunt at both ends, quite entire,
p. 404.) leaves obovate, rather bluntish at end, acutely toothed, coriaceous, rough above, but pubescent beneath and reticulately
,
attenuately-cuneated at the base ; panicle much branched. h.s. veined ; petioles villous beneath ; racemes villous, bracteate ;
Native of Mexico. The flowers are either hermaphrodite, po- calyxes silky ; petals 1-6 rather obcordate ; pistils twin. H.S.
lygamous or monoecious.
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Novas, where it is called
Erect Tetracera. Shrub 10 feet.
by the natives Cambaibinha, and is considered by them to be a vul-
24 T. LUTEA (Spreng. neue. entd. 1. p. 164.) leaves ellip- nerary. The natives of Brazil usually wash wounds with a decoc-
tical-oblong, quite entire, shining ; peduncles lateral, racemose. tion of Quinquina ; in the Certao or Great Desert they make a si-
h . S. Native of Brazil. Calyx coloured. Corolla yellow. milar use of the inner bark of this shrub, as well as that of Cu-
Flowers monogynous. Capsules 3.
ratella Cabdiba. It is a powerful astringent. .
Yellow-flowered Tetracera. Shrub cl.
Elliptical-leaved Davilla. Fl. May. Shrub 6 feet. '
25 T. PERRINIA'NA (Spreng. neue. entd. 1. p. 164.) leaves 3 D. CASTANEÆFO'LIA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 17.) branches
elliptical, shining on both surfaces, obsoletely serrulated; corymbs rather hairy; leaves oblong-elliptical, quite obtuse at the base,
of flowers axillary, H. S. Native of South America ? Calyx somewhat pointed at the apex, remotely serrated, and furnished
4-5-sepals._Corolla white. Flowers monogynous. Capsules 4. with parallel nerves, pilose above, pubescent beneath, and reti-
Perrin's Tetracera. Shrub. cl.
culately veined, rather wrinkled on both surfaces; calyx silky;
26 T. ARBORE'SCENS (Mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 45.) leaves obovate, petals 5, obcordate; pistils twin. ħ. S. Native of Brazil in
quite entire, smooth; flowers disposed in axillary and terminal the province of St. Paul in
grassy fields. Shrub branched from
panicles. h.S. Native of Sumatra. Arillus jagged, yellowish. the base. Flowers yellow.
Arborescent Tetracera. Shrub 16 feet.
Var. B, floribúnda (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 18.) leaves broader,
27 T. DICHOTOMA (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. shorter, and blunt, less toothed, and the flowers more crowded
Linnæa 1. p. 492.)leaves elliptical, acute at both ends, toothletted and smaller than in the species.
from the middle to the apex, with the veins on the under surface, Chesnut-leaved Davilla. Fl. May. Shrub 3-5 feet.
as well as the pedicels pubescent; peduncles sub-dichotomous; 4 D. RUGO'SA (Poir. dict. suppl. 2. p. 457.) stem climbing ;
sepals smooth and ciliated. h. v. S. Native of Java. Flowers branches hairy; leaves oblong, very remotely and obsoletely ser-
trigynous, subumbellate.
rated, wrinkled above and villous beneath on the nerves; petioles
Dichotomous-peduncled Tetracera. Shrub cl.
very villous beneath ; peduncles and pedicels hairy ; petals 2-3 ;
1
28 T. GRACILIS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oval, acute at both ends, pistils
pistils usually only 1. h. v. S. Native of Brazil from the
serrulated at the apex, rather villous beneath, as well as the mouth of the Rio Doce to the confines of the province of St.
branchlets and pedicels; peduncles 1-2-flowered; sepals 4, Catherine, and in the province of Rio Janeiro, where it is called
ciliated. h. v.S. Native of Java. Flowers trigynous. Cisso de Carijo, in the province of Minas Geraes Cambaibinha,
Slender Tetracera. Shrub cl.
and in the southern parts of St. Paul Cipo de Coboclo. St. Hil. .
29 T. Rí'GIDA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oval, tapering to both pl. usu. bras. t. 23. D. Braziliana, D. C. syst. 1. p. 405.
p
ends, repand at the apex, stiff, scabrous beneath; panicle diva- Deless. icon, sel. 1. t. 71. but not of Kunth. Flowers yellow.
ricating, tomentose; sepals and petals silky-villous on the inside. The natives of the interior make use of the pliant stems of this
h.v.S. Native of Java. Flowers trigynous.
plant for bands, and they employ a fomentation of the leaves for
a
.
1

DILLENIACEÆ. III. EMPEDOCLEA. IV. DOLIOCARPUS. V. Delima.
71
pistil 1.
ہیں .*
spec. 2.
p.
-
the purpose of allaying swellings of the legs, so common in that t. 463. f. 2. Petals white. The name Calinea is of doubtful
country.
origin, it is perhaps the name of the shrub in Guiana.
Wrinkled-leaved Davilla. Fl. May, July. Shrub cl.
Calinea Tetracera. Fl. April. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
5 D. MACROPHY’LLA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 18.) stem climbing; 4 T. SORA'MIA (D.C. syst. 1. p. 406.) stem scandent, leaves
branches roughish; leaves oblong-elliptical, acuminated, repand, obovate, quite entire ; peduncles lateral, somewhat corymbose;
smooth, but pilose on the nerves beneath ; petals 5, quite entire ; flowers 5-petalled. h. v.S.
ħ. v.S. Native of Guiana on the banks
S. Native of Brazil in the northern parts of of the river Sinemari. Soràmia Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p.
the province of Minas Geraes called Minas Novas. Flowers 552. t. 219. Tetràcera obovata, Willd.
p.
1241. Máppia
yellow.
Schreb. gen. no. 1755. Berries about the size and colour of a
Long-leaved Davilla. Fl. July. Shrub cl.
cherry. Petals white. Soramia is the name of this shrub in
6 D. ANGUSTIFO'LIA (St. Hil
. A. bras. 1. p. 19.) stem climbing; Guiana.
branches villous; leaves oblong-linear, acute, quite entire, smooth Soramia Doliocarpus. Fl. May. Shrub cl.
on both surfaces, but pilose on the nerves beneath ; petioles vil- Cult. A genus of fine upright, or climbing shrubs, requiring
lose ; petals 3, obcordate ; pistils twin. ñ. v. S. Native of the same treatment as that recommended for Tetràcera.
Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow.
Narrow-leaved Davilla. Fl. March. Shrub cl.
V. DELI'MA (from delimo, to file or shave off; because the
Cult. Fine upright or climbing shrubs, requiring the same leaves of some of the species are used for polishing). Lin. aman.
treatment as that recommended for Tetràcera.
1. p. 403. Juss. gen. p. 339. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 112. t. 106.
.
D. C. syst. 1. p. 406. prod. 1.
.
69.
III. EMPEDOCLEA (to the memory of Empedocles, a fa-
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5
Calyx of 5 permanent.
mous philosopher of Agrigentum in Sicily, who, among other
sepals. Petals 3-5, roundish, deciduous. Stamens indefinite.
things, wrote on the nature of plants.) St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 19.
.
Carpel 1, capsular, 1-2-seeded. Flowers sometimes dioecious from
LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of many ovate
abortion. Climbing shrubs, with the habit of Tetràcera.
permanent sepals, usually 13, closely imbricated and very obtuse.
,
1 D. SARMENTO'SA (Lin. spec. 736.) leaves ovate-oblong, ser-
als 3, hypogynous, deciduous. Štamens indefinite. Ovary 1, lous; ovaries and capsules smooth. 'H. v. s. Native of the
rated, rigid, scabrous; flowers hermaphrodite, panicled, apeta-
,
oblong, pyramidal, trigonal, with one of the angles bearded, 1-
h.v.
celled," 6-seeded. Fruit baccate, crowned by one awl-shaped mentosa, Vaħl. symb. 3. p. 70. This shrub is called in Ceylon
island of Ceylon. Burm. ind. 122. t. 37. f.1. Tetràcera sar-
style.—A shrub with simple leaves and white flowers.
1 E. ALNIFO'LIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 20. t. 3.). h.s. Na-
Koroswael and Korossawael, from the verb Korossa, to smooth,
tive of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, among bushes in
in allusion to the leaves, which are used for polishing utensils.
Sarmentose Delima. Fl. Clt. 1820. Shrub. cl.
humid places. An erect shrub, with broad-elliptical leaves, which
are blunt at both ends, and running into the petiole at the base,
2 D. TRIPE’TALA (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnæa
coarsely serrated, smooth above but rusty beneath. Racemes
1. p. 492.) leaves obovate, mucronately toothed at the apex;
terminal and rising from the axils of the upper leaves.
flowers hermaphrodite, panicled, 3-petalled ; capsule pubescent.
Alder-leaved Empedoclea. Shrub 4 feet.
h..s. Native of Java..
Cult. This handsome shrub will grow well in a mixture of
Three-petalled Delima. Shrub cl.
loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root, if planted in
3 D. CASTANEÆFO'LIA ; leaves crowded, oblong, serrated,
smoothish; flowers lateral, sessile. h.U.S. Native of Brasil.
a pot of sand and placed under a hand-glass, in heat.
O'thlis. castaneæfòlia, Schott. in Spreng. syst. app. 407. Calyx
of 5 permanent sepals and 2-bracteas, they are imbricate and
IV. DOLIOCA'RPUS (from dodioc, dolios, deceitful, kapos, concave. Petals 5, deciduous. Anthers linear, continuous, with
karpos, a fruit; because though beautiful are poisonous). Roland. lateral very slender cells. Capsules usually l-seeded. Seeds
act. holm. 1759. p. 249. t. 9. D. C. syst. 1. p. 405. prod. 1. arillate. A rambling shrub.
Chesnut-leaved Delima. Shrub cl.
LIN. SYST. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5, concave, 4 D. INTERMEDIA (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht.
unequal, permanent sepals. Petals 3-4, roundish, deciduous. Linnæa, 1. p. 492.) leaves oval, hardly acute at the ends, repand-
Stamens indefinite. Carpel 1, baccate, 1 or 2-seeded. Mostly
Mostly serrated at the apex; stiff, scabrous; panicle compound, leafy ;
sarmentose shrubs, with the appearance of Tetràcera.
flowers hermaphrodite, 5-petalled; ovaries and capsules pubes-
1 D. ROLA'NDRI (Gmel. syst. 805.) scandent; leaves oblong, cent. h.v. S. Native of Java.
acuminated, toothed at the apex; peduncles lateral, 1-flowered, Intermediate Delima. Shrub cl.
glomerate; flowers 3-petalled. ñ.v.S. Native of Surinam, 5 D. HEBECA'RPA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 407.) leaves obovate,
and Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes.—Rol. act. holm. somewhat crenulate, scabrous; flowers hermaphrodite, panicled,
1756.
p.
260. t. 9. f. 1-2-3. Tetràcera doliocarpus, Willd. spec. 5-petalled ; ovaries and capsules pubescent. h. v. S. Native
2. p. 1241. D. scándens, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 497. Flowers white, of Java and the Philippine Islands. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 72.
axillary glomerate. (St. Hil.)
Seeds semi-arillate. This shrub is called in the Philippine islands
Rolander's Doliocarpus. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub cl.
Bois de rape, in allusion to the use of its leaves for polishing.
2 D. STRICTUS (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 498.) stem strict ; leaves Downy-fruited Delima. Shrub cl.
ovate-lanceolate, toothed, deflexed ; flowers terminal, 3-petalled. 6 D. Mexica'NA (Sesse et Moc. fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C.
h.S. Native of Surinam. Tetràcera strícta, Willd. spec. 2. syst. 1. p. 407.) leaves oval, bluntish, tapering a little to the
D. major, Gmel. syst. 805.
base, smooth, serrated; flowers dioecious, panicled, 5-petalled,
Upright Doliocarpus. Shrub 6 feet.
disposed in sessile fascicles along the branches. N. v. S. Na-
3 D. CALI'NEA (Gmel. syst. 805.) stem scandent; leaves tive of Mexico. Petals white. Seed
Seed ovate, thick, netted.
oblong, acuminated, quite entire ; peduncles lateral, many- Mexican Delima. Shrub cl.
flowered : flowers 3-petalled. n.
h. vis. Native of Guiana in 7 D. GUIANENSIS (Rich. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 408.) leaves ob-
woods. Calìnea scándens, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 556. t. 221. Te- long, acuminated at both ends, smooth, somewhat serrated ;
tracera scándens, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1241. Soràmia, Lam. ill. flowers dioeceous, axillary, on short pedicels ; fruit globose, pu-
a
p. 69.
3
p. 1241.

72 DILLENIACEÆ. VI. Curatella. VII. TRACHYTELLA. VIII. Recchia. IX. PACHYNEMA. X. HEMISTEMMA.
.
p
a
p. 70.
-
bescent. h. v. S. Native of Guiana. Male flowers unknown. áspera, Lour. cochin. ed Willd. 1. p. 405. The leaves of this
Perhaps a species of Doliocarpus.
species are used in China for polishing works of wood as well as
Guiana Delima. Shrub cl.
of metal.
8 D. NITIDA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 70.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, Actæa-like Trachytella. Shrub cl.
scabrous, quite entire ; flowers hermaphrodite, panicled, 4- 2 T. CALLIGONUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 410.) leaves ovate, quite
petalled. N. v. S. Native of the island of Trinidad. Style entire ; racemes somewhat divided. ñ. G. Native of Cochin
length of stamens; stigma somewhat peltate.
China in woods. Callígonum ásperum. Lour. cochin. ed Willd.
Shining-leaved Delima. Shrub cl.
1. p. 418. The name is derived from kallos, kallos, beauty,
9 D.? Piri'pu (D. C. syst. 1. p. 408.) leaves oval-oblong, and
yovu, gonu, a knee or joint; because the leaves are jointed,
soft, with the margins undulately-crenated; flowers panicled, which gives the plant a very
which gives the plant a very remarkable appearance.
hermaphrodite, pentandrous. h.S. Cultivated about Pananie, Beautiful-jointed Trachytella. Shrub cl.
&c. in Malabar. Piripu, Rheed. mal. 7. p. 101. t. 54.
p
101. t. 54. Flowers Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will probably suit these
white, 5-petalled.
plants, and ripened cuttings will probably root if planted in a pot
Piripu Delima. Fl. December. Shrub cl.
of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them.
Cult. A genus of fine climbing shrubs. The species will
thrive in a mixture of loam peat and sand, and ripened cuttings VIII. RE'CCHIA (in honour of Nardo Antonio Reccho, who
will strike root if planted in a pot of sand with a hand-glass placed arranged Hernandez Mexico). Sesse et Moc. fl. mex. icon. ined.
over them, in heat.
and D. C. syst. 1. p. 411. prod. 1. p. 70.
LIN. syst. Decándria, Digýnia. Calyx of 5, equal, spread-
VI. CURATE’LLA (from curatus, worked ; because the ing sepals. Petals 5, oblong, deciduous. Stamens 10. Ova-
leaves, which have a rough surface, are used in Guiana for ries 2. Shrub with twisted angular branches, and yellow flowers.
polishing bows, sabres, and other weapons.) Lin. gen. no. 679. 1 R. Mexica'NA (Sess. et Moc. 1. c.) Þ. S. Native of
Lam. ill. t. 479. Juss. gen. 282. D. C. syst. 1. p. 409. prod. 1. Mexico. Leaves oval or oblong. Flowers somewhat racemose
along the superior branches.
Lin. syst. Polyandria, Digýnia. Calyx of 4-5-spreading Mexican Recchia. Shrub cl.
unequal sepals. Petals 4-5, roundish, deciduous. Stamens in- Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit this shrub, and
definite. Čarpels 2, capsular, 1 or 2-seeded. Seeds ovate, shin- ripened cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand with a hand-
ing.–Small shrubs, with ovate rough leaves, winged petioles, and glass placed over them, in heat.
white flowers.
Tribe II.
1 C. AMERICA'NA (Lin. spec. 248.) leaves ovate, repand, and
somewhat denticulated, very rough, running along the petiole DILLE'NEÆ (plants agreeing with Dillènia in some charac-
at the base; racemes issuing from the adult branches.
h.s. ters). Sal.
par.
lond. no. 73. D. Č. syst. 1. p. 411. prod. 1. p. 70.
p
Native of South America, particularly Guiana and Peru. Filaments of stamens not dilated at the apex, but somewhat
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 579. t. 232. Lam. ill. t. 479. Petals white. tapering (f. 16. a. & f. 17. a.), anthers elongated, adnate (f. 17.
The leaves of this species are used in Cayenne for polishing wood. c.); carpels usually from 2 (f. 16. d.) to 5, distinct ; rarely soli-
The bark is thick, wrinkled, and cracked, and falls off in large tary, or from 5-20, joined (f. 19. c.). Trees, shrubs, or sub-
pieces.
shrubs, very rarely scandent.
American Curatella. Fl. Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 10 feet.
2 C. CABA'IBA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 22. pl. usu. bras. t. 24.)
IX. PACHYNE'MA (Taxus, pachys, thick, veja, nema, a
leaves broad, very blunt, more or less repand-toothed, wrinkled
filament;
filaments very thick). R. Br. in D.C. syst. 1.
p.
411.
above, downy beneath ; racemes compound, lateral, and are as prod. 1. p. 70.
well as the pedicels and calyx villous. h.S. Native of Brasil, LIN. Syst. Heptándria Digýnia or Decandria Trigynia.
SYST
where it is called Cabaiba, and where the inhabitants employ the Petals 5, ovate (f. 16. a.), soon falling off. Stamens 7 (f. 16 a.)
inner bark in the cure of wounds.
10 ; filaments very thick at the base (f. 16. b.), erect, tapering to
Cabaiba Curatella.. Shrub 6 feet.
the top (f. 16. a.); anthers ovate, adnate at the top of narrowed
3 C. ALA'TA (Vent. choix. p. 49.) leaves oval, quite entire, filaments (f. 16. c.), distinct conniving or parallel. Ovaries 2 (f.
c
smooth; blunt at both extremities; petioles winged ; panicle ter- 16. d.) 3, ovate, each ending in an awl-shaped style (f. 16. d.).
minal. ħ.S. Native of Guiana. Perhaps a species of Wòrmia.
Fruit unknown.
Wing-petioled Curatella. Fl.? Clt.? Shrub 10 feet.
1 P. COMPLANATUM (R. Br. in
FIG. 16.
Cult. A genus of fine shrubs. The species will grow well
.
D. C. syst. 1. p. 412.) H.G. Na-
in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root tive of Carpentaria. Deless.icon.
freely if planted in a pot of sand with a hand-glass placed over
sel. 1. t. 73. A little leafless
them, in heat.
shrub with the habit of Ephedra ;
branches compressed, toothed on
VII. TRACHYTE'LLA, (from tpaxutns, trachytes, rough- the margins with the flowers rising
ness; because the leaves, which have a very rough surface, are from the axils of these teeth either
used for polishing wood as well as metal). D. C. syst. 1. p. singly or in pairs (f. 16.).
410. prod. 1. p.70.
Flat-branched Pachynema. Clt. ?
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Mono-Digýnia. Calyx of 4-5 per-
Shrub 1 foot.
manent sepals. Petals 4-5, deciduous. Stamens indefinite. Cult. This shrub will thrive
7
Carpels 1 or 2, baccate, many-seeded. A perfectly doubtful well on a mixture of loam and peat,
genus, which was only known to Loureiro. --Climbing shrubs and cuttings will strike root freely
with rough leaves and racemes of white flowers.
in sand under a hand-glass.
1 T. Actæ'A (D. C. syst. 1. p. 410.) leaves lanceolate, some-
what serrated ; racemes spiked, linear, interrupted. Þ.
G.
Native of uncultivated places near Canton in China. Actæ'a X. HEMISTE'MMA (ip, hemi, half, oteppa, stemma,
,
LINSYST

DILLENIACEÆ. XI. PLEURANDRA.
73
-
-
.
d
3
hu
a crown; because the stamens are all inserted in the side of one LIN. syst. Pent.--Hept.-Oct.- Dec.—Polyándria, Digýnia.
of the pistils, not around them). Juss. ined. D. C. syst. 1. Calyx of 5, oval, permanent sepals. Petals 5, usually obcor-
p. 412. prod. 1. p. 71.
date. Stamens 5-20, unilateral (f. 18. c.), all fertile. Styles
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Digýnia. Calyx of 5, permanent filiform. Carpels 2, membranous, 1-2-seeded. Small shrubs,
sepals. Petals 5, obtuse or emarginate. Stamens indefinite, with solitary yellow flowers seated on the tops of the branches,
unilateral (f. 17. a.). exterior ones sterile, scale-formed. Ovaries and entire leaves. Petals emarginate (f. 18.b.) This is one of
2; styles filiform. Seed girded by a membranous arillus. Al- those genera which renders the Linnean system truly ambiguous.
bumen fleshy.-Small elegant shrubs with yellow flowers. It contains Pentandrous, Hexandrous, Heptandrous, Octandrous,
Decandrous, and Polyandrous plants.
$1. Oppositifòlia. Sterile stamens spatulate at the top;
petals emarginate.-Species from Madagascar.
§ 1. Daphnoìdeæ (plants with the habit of Dáphne) D. C.
syst. 1.
p. 415. Stamens free. Leaves oblong or obovate, rather
1 H. COMMERSO'NII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 413.) leaves opposite, large, flat, smooth.
)
.
oval-oblong, mucronated; peduncles tomentose. h.S. Native
of Madagascar. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 74. Helianthemum
1 P. BRACTEATA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 415.) leaves
coriàceum, var. a, Pers. ench. 2. p. 76. Calyxes woolly.
oblong, smoothish, mucronulate; bracteas crowded about the
Commerson's Hemistemma. Shrub 1 foot.
sessile flowers, which are villous on the outside; ovaries very
2 H. AUBE'RTII (D.C. 1. p. 413.)
FIG. 17.
hairy. . G. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson.
leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate,
Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 78. A beautiful shrub, with the habit of
tapering to the base, acute at the
Dáphne collina. Leaves sometimes broad, sometimes narrow.
Stamens 12.
top ; peduncles smoothish. h.s.
Native of Madagascar. Deless.
Bracteated Pleurandra. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Sh. 2 ft.
icon sel. 1. t. 75. Helianthemum
2 P. NI'TIDA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 416.) leaves oblong,
coriàceum, var. B, angustifolium.
smooth, mucronate; bracteas few, somewhat scariouse, smooth;
ovaries tomentose.
Pers. ench. 2. p. 76. Calyxes
h. G. Native of New Holland about Port
clothed with silky down. This
Jackson. Very like P. bracteàta, but all its parts are smooth
shrub is called in Madagascar Ang-
except the ovaries. Stamens 7-8.
zavidi.
Shining Pleurandra. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Sh. 2 ft.
Aubert's Hemistemma. Shrub
3 P. CNEO'RUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 416.) leaves oblong, obtuse,
.
1 foot.
narrowed at the base, and are, as well as the bracteas and calyxes,
smooth; ovaries smoothish. h.G. Native of New Holland,
§ 2. Alternifolia. Sterile sta-
in brushy situations on the King's Table Land. Like P. bracteata.
Flowers sessile. Stamens 12-15.
mens linear. Petals blunt.-- Spe-
cies from New Holland.
Widow-Wale like Pleurandra. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824.
Shrub 2 feet.
3 H. DEALBA'TUM (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 413.) leaves alter-
nate, obovate-oblong, tapering to the base, blunt and mucronate
§ 2. Alyssoàdeæ (plants with the habit of Alyssum) D. C.
at the top, under surface white from pubescence. h. G. Native
syst. 1. p. 416. Stamens free. Leaves oblong or obovate, vel-
1
of Arnheim Land in New Holland. Deless, icon, sel. 1. t. 76.
vety with starry pubescence on both surfaces, or only on the under
Whitened Hemistemma. Shrub 1 foot.
surface.
4 H. BA'NKSII (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 414.) leaves al- 4 P. SERICEA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 416.) leaves oblong,
p.
ternate, oblong, narrowed at the base, blunt at the top, under with revolute margins, upper surface pilose, under surface vel-
surface tomentose. Þ.G. Native of New Holland at Endea- vety ; branches hairy; flowers sessile. Þ.G. Native of New
vour River. Flowers sessile, secund.
Holland on the eastern shore at Port Philip. Deless. icon. sel.
Sir Joseph Banks's Hemistemma. Shrub 1 foot.
1. t. 79. Flowers solitary, terminal, sessile among the leaves.
5 H. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 414.) leaves
Stamens 7-8.
alternate, long, linear, acute, under surface whitened.
Silky Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet.
Native of Arnheim Land in New Holland. Deless. icon. sel. 1. 5 P. ASTROTRICHA (Sieb. pl. nov. holl. ex Spreng. syst. app.
t. 77. Peduncles about the length of the leaves. Flowers p. 191.) leaves spatulate-linear, rough, rather hairy; branchlets
secund.
clothed with starry, powdery pubescence; peduncles bractless,
Narrow-leaved Hemistemma. Shrub 1 foot.
nodding ; sepals acute. h. G. Native of New Holland.
6 H.? LECHENAU'LTII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 414.) leaves alternate Starry-haired Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet.
oblong, tapering to the base, truncate at the top, somewhat emar- 6 P. CINE'REA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 417.) leaves oblong,
ginate, under surface whitened. h. G. Native of New Holland with revolute margins, velvety on both surfaces; branches some-
and the island of St. Francisco. Flowers small, axillary solitary, what villous ; flowers solitary on short pedicels. ħ. G. Native
on very short pedicels.
of a place called Memory Cove on the southern coast of New
Leschenault's Hemistemma. Shrub 2 feet.
Holland. Stamens 7-8.
Cult. This is a genus of elegant little shrubs, with the ap-
Cinereous Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet.
pearance of Helianthemum ; they will thrive best in an equal 7 P. FURFURA'CEA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 417.) leaves
mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and cuttings will root readily oblong, flat, blunt ; upper surface somewhat scabrous, under
under hand-glasses in the same kind of soil. Those species na- surface velvety-tomentose; branches velvety ; flowers on pedi-
tives of Madagascar require the heat of a stove.
cels. G. Native of New Holland at King George's Sound.
Pedicels an inch long, clothed with starry hairs. Stamens 8-10.
XI. PLEURA'NDRA (from #levpov, pleuron, a side, and avno,
, Chaffy Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet.
aner, a male ; in allusion to the stamens being all inserted in one 8 P. PARVIFLO'RA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 417.) leaves
1
side of the flower). Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 5. t. 143 and 144. D. obovate, cuneated at the base ; upper surface scabrous, under
p. 415. prod. 1. p. 71.
surface velvety, as well as branches; flowers on pedicels. Þ.G.
L
h. G.
ܪ
C.
syst. 1.
VOL. 1.-PART I.

74
DILLENIACEÆ. XII. CANDOLLEA.
al
cent.
a,
holl. 2.
h. G
Native of New Holland near Port Jackson. Flowers small, hoary; flowers on pedicels ; calyx
FIG. 18.
S-lines in diameter. Stamens 3-5.
rather pubescent; ovaries velvety.
Small-flowered Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet.
h. G. Native of the eastern
B
coast of New Holland. Deless.
§ 3. Hibbertiànæ (plants with the habit of Hibbértia). D. C.
icon, sel. 1. t. 81. A small, much
syst. 1. p. 418. prod. 1. p. 72. Stamens free at the base. Leaves
branched shrub, having the appear-
linear or oblong, small, spreading, smooth or scabrous with sim-
ance of Rosemary or a narrow-
ple hairs, but not with starry hairs. as in the preceding section.
leaved species of Hypericum. Sta-
9 P. OVA'TA (Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 5. t. 143.) leaves ovate, mens 11. (f. 18.)
obtuse, upper surface somewhat scabrous, under surface smooth;
,
Hypericum-like Pleurandra. Sh.
flowers on pedicels ; calyx rather pilose ; ovaries pilose. h. G. 2 feet.
Native of Van Diemen's Land. Pedicels terminal, slender,
19 P. STRIA'TA (Sieb. pl. nov.
naked, 1-flowered. Stamens 9-12.
holl. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 191.)
Ovate-leaved Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet.
leaves linear, callose at the
apex,
10 P. SCA'BRA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 418.) leaves oblong, striated, scabrous ; flowers termi-
blunt ; upper surface scabrous, under surface somewhat canes- nal, sessile; sepals acute, pubes-
7
cent; flowers on pedicels ; calyx smoothish; ovaries tomentose.
h. G. Native of New
h.G. Native of New Holland near Port Jackson, Stamens 7-8. Holland.
Var. leaves oblong-linear.
Striated Pleurandra. Shrub 11 foot.
Var. B, leaves oblong-oval: P. ovata, var.
Lab. nov.
20 P. CISTIFLO'RA (Sieb. pl. nov. holl. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaves
p. 5. t. 143? Perhaps a proper species between P. scà- linear-filiform, acute, furrowed, full of rough dots ; flowers ses-
bra and P. ovàta.
sile, terminal ; sepals quite smooth, with membranous margins.
Scabrous Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet.
h. G. Native of New Holland. Rchb. hort. bot. t.79.
11 P. CAMFORO'SMA (Sieb. pl. nov. holl. ex Spreng. syst. app. Rock-rose-flowered Pleurandra. Shrub 11 foot.
191.) leaves in fascicles, filiform, pilose; branches white with 21 P. ENE'RVIA (D.C. syst. 1. p. 421.) leaves linear, rather
hairs ; flowers solitary, sessile ; sepals smooth, mucronate. acute, nerveless, smooth; flowers sessile; calyx blunt, mucro-
h. G. Native of New Holland.
nulate. and is, as well as ovaries, smooth. ñ. G. Native of
,
h.G.
Camphor-scented Pleurandra. Shrub 1 foot.
New Holland. A much branched humble shrub. Stamens
12 P. RIPA'RIA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 419.) leaves linear, 15-20.
bluntish, almost smooth, with subrevolute margins; flowers ses-
Nerveless-leaved Pleurandra. Shrub 1 foot.
sile; calyx smooth ; ovaries hairy.
Native of New 22 P. ACICULA'RIS (Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 6. t. 144.) leaves
Holland and on the banks of rivers in Van Diemen's Land. linear, awned at the apex, smooth ; flowers on pedicels; calyx
Stamens 5-7.
somewhat hispid, mucronate; ovaries hairy. n.G. Native of
River-bank Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet.
New Holland, and Cape Van Diemen. Stamens 7-8.
13 P. MICROPHY'LLA (Sieb. 1. c.) leaves crowded, rather Needle-leaved Pleurandra. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1822. Sh. 2 ft.
terete, obtuse, 4-furrowed, hoary-pubescent; peduncles short, so- 23 P. ACERO'SA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 422.) leaves linear-
litary, pubescent; sepals bluntish. h.G. Native of New Holland. subulate, with revolute margins, upper surface scabrous, under
Small-leaved Pleurandra. Shrub 1 foot.
surface smooth ; flowers on pedicels ; calyx rather scabrous and
14 P. PEDUNCULA'TA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 419.) leaves acute; ovaries villous. P. G. Native of the southern coast of
linear, blunt, smooth, with subrevolute margins; flowers on pe- New Holland at a place called Lucky Bay. A very dwarf much
dicels; calyx and ovaries smooth. Þ.G. Native of the southern branched shrub. Stamens 6-7.
coast of New Holland, near a place called Lucky Bay, and Van Chaffy-leaved Pleurandra. Shrub 1 foot.
Diemen's Land. Stamens 7-8 ; filaments very long.
Peduncled-flowered Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet.
§ 4. Candolleànæ (plants with the habit of Candóllea) D. C.
15 P. EMPETRIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 420.) leaves linear, prod. 1. p. 72. Stamens monodelphous at the base. Leaves
blunt, upper surface somewhat shining, under surface velvety ;
linear, erect, scarcely spreading.--Perhaps a proper genus.
flowers on pedicels; calyx smoothish; ovaries hairy; stamens 5. 24 P. STRICTA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 422.) leaves linear,
.
h. G. Native of New Holland. Pedicels very slender, a little bluntish, erect, upper surface scabrous, under surface smooth;
longer than the leaves.
flowers sessile; calyx somewhat scabrous; ovaries velvety. ħ.
Empetrum-leaved Pleurandra. Shrub 1 foot.
G. Native of New Holland near Port Jackson, and in barren
16 P. INTERMEDIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 420.) leaves linear, ob- brushy situations on the Blue Mountains. An erect, branched
tuse, with subrevolute margins, upper surface somewhat shining, shrub. Stamens 5-7.
under surface a little pubescent; flowers on pedicels ; calyx Erect Pleurandra. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1826. Shrub 2 feet.
smooth; ovaries hairy; stamens 10-15, scattered. h. G. Na- 25 P.CALYCI'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 422.) leaves linear, acute,
tive of New Holland on the mountains. Flowers small; inner erectish, upper surface scabrous, under surface somewhat pu-
sepals with membranous margins.
bescent; flowers sessile; calyx sericeously-velvety; ovaries
Intermediate Pleurandra. Shrub 2 feet.
hairy. ñ. G. Native of New Holland on forest land near
17 P. ERICÆFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 420.) leaves linear, Bathurst. Stem erect, branched. Stamens 5-8.
bluntish, with somewhat revolute margins, upper surface sca- Large-calyxed Pleurandra. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1826. Sh. 2 ft.
brous, under surface pubescent ; flowers sessile ; calyx some- Cult. Pleurándra is a genus of pretty little greenhouse
what villose; ovaries hairy. Þ.G. Native of New Holland. shrubs. They thrive best in an equal mixture of loam, peat, and
The plant has the appearance of Hibbértia pedunculàta. Stamens sand. Ripened cuttings root readily under a hand-glass, in the
10-12.
same sort of soil.
Heath-leaved Pleurandra. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Sh. 2 ft.
18 P. HYPERICOIDES (D.C. syst. 1. p. 421.) leaves linear, blunt, XII. CANDOʻLLEA (in honour of Augustus Pyramus De
with revolute margins; upper surface scabrous, under surface Candolle, F.M. R. S. and L. S. Professor of Botany at Geneva,
a
.

DILLENIACEÆ. XIII. ADRASTÆA. XIV. HIBBERTIA.
75
-
p. 73.
Þ.G.
and author of many approved and useful botanical works. He § 1. Burtònia (see Burtònia), Sal. Carpels 10-15, with
is justly considered one of the first botanists of the present age). their base smooth, but rather pilose at the apex.-Perhaps a
Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 33. t. 176. D.C. syst. 1. p. 423. prod. 1. proper genus.
Lin. syst. Polyadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx of 5, oval, Burtònia.) leaves nearly orbicular, crenate-toothed ; flowers
. SYST.
5
1 H. GROSSULARIÆFOʻLIA (Sal. par. lond. no. 73. t. 73. under
mucronate, permanent sepals. Petals 5, obovate or obcordate,
.) ,
deciduous. Stamens indefinite, polyadelphous. Styles filiform.
.
on peduncles, opposite the leaves ; stems procumbent or climb-
Carpels 2-5, ovate, opening on the inside. Shrubs, natives of
ing. h.v.G. Native of New Holland at King George's
New Holland, having the appearance of Pleurándra and Hibbér-
Sound. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1218. H. crenata, Andr. bot. rep.
tia. Flowers yellow.
t. 472.
1 C. CUNEIFO'RMIS (Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 34. t. 176.) leaves
Gooseberry-leaved Hibbertia. Fl. Mar. Aug. Clt. 1573. Sh.cl.
smooth, obovately-cuneated, blunt at the top, entire. h. G.
Native of New Holland on the western coast at Lewin's Land,
§ 2. Carpels 1-8, glabrous.
and at Port Royal George. Hook. bot. mag. 2711. Hibbertia 2 H. VOLU'BILIS (Andr. bot. rep. t. 126.) leaves obovate-lan-
cuneiformis, Smith. in Rees' cycl. vol. 17. Shrub about 4 feet ceolate, nearly quite entire, mucronate, under surface pubescent ;
high ; branches cinereous, rough. Ovaries 5-6, smooth. flowers sessile, with 4-8-styles ; stems twining. h. . G. Na-
Wedge-formed-leaved Candollea. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. tive of New Holland near Port Jackson. Dillenia speciosa, Curt.
Shrub 4 feet.
w bot. mag. t. 449. exclusive of the synonyms. Dillènia hùmilis,
.
2 C. PEDUNCULA'TA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 424.) leaves
Donn. hort. cant. ? Dillènia turneræflòra, Gawl. recens. pl. bot.
smooth, linear-cuneated, truncate at the top, 3-toothed.
rep. 27. Dillènia scándens, Willd. spec. p. 1251. Duham. arb.
Native of New Holland at King George's Sound. A small ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 239. t. 63. Dillènia intègra, Moench. suppl.
branched shrub, with the younger branches villous, and the adult t. 76. Dillènia volubilis, Vent. choix. p. 11. t. 11. Pers. ench.
ones smooth. Ovaries 3?
2. p. 72. Flowers fetid, about the size of those of Cistus Lada-
Pedunculated Candollea. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 2 feet. daní ferus. Seeds black, pea-formed, compressed, hard, ex-
3 C. FASCICULA'TA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 424.) leaves vil- | arillate.
lous, linear, entire. h.G. Native of New Holland at King Twining Hibbertia. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1790. Shrub cl.
George's Sound. Branches round, younger ones villous. Ovaries 3 H. DENTA'TA (R. Br. in D, C. syst. 1. p. 426.) leaves ob-
3-4, smooth.
long, acuminated, smooth, serrated, awned; flowers on peduncles
Fascicular-leaved Candollea. Fl.? Shrub 2 feet?
with 3 styles ; stems twining. . G. Native of New Hol-
Cult. Candóllea is a genus of beautiful greenhouse shrubs. land on the Blue Mountains. Ker. bot. reg. t. 282. Lodd. bot.
The species will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, cab, t. 347. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2338.
.
and cuttings will strike root readily in the same kind of soil, Var. B, pedicels and calyx smooth or scarcely pilose; leaves
under a hand-glass.
more serrated.
Toothed-leaved Hibbertia. Fl. Jan. Aug. Clt. 1814. Sh. cl.
XIII. ADRASTÆA (Adraste in mythology, daughter of linear, mucronately-pointed at the apex, quite entire, under sur-
4 H. SALIGNA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 427.) leaves oblong-
Jupiter and Necessity, who, according to Plutarch, was the only face villous ; flowers sessile, with 2-4 styles ; stem erect. ħ.G.
fury that exercised the vengeance of the gods). D. C. syst. 1. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson and among brush-
p. 424. prod. 1. p.
73.
Lin. syst. Decándria, Digýnia. Calyx of 5, acuminated, Spring Wood. Stamens 25-30.
wood in several parts of the Blue Mountains, particularly about
permanent sepals. Petals 5, oval, deciduous, shorter than the
sepals. Stamens 10, free, equal ; filaments flat, bearing the
Willow-leaved Hibbertia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 3 ft.
oblong cells of the anthers on their margins. Ovaries 2. Styles minated, thickish, smooth, veinless ; flowers nearly sessile, with
5 H. PROCU'MBENS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 427.) leaves linear, acu-
straight, conico-subulate. A little shrub, having the appearance
of a species of Hibbértia Flowers yellow.
3-5 styles ; stems procumbent. n. G. Native of New Hol-
land and Van Diemen's Land. Dillènia procumbens, Lab. nov.
1 A. SALICIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 424.) leaves linear, nearly holl. 2. p. 16. t. 156. H. angustifolia, Sal. par. lond. no. 73.
.
entire, furnished at the top on both sides with 3-5 callose, tooth-
like dots. Þ.G. Native of marshes about Botany Bay.
Flowers the size of those of Lysimachia nummulària. Stamens
16-24. Seeds immersed in pulp.-Perhaps a proper genus.
Willow-leaved Adrastæa. Shrub 2 feet.
Procumbent Hibbertia. Shrub trailing.
Cult. This pretty little shrub will thrive well in a mixture of
6 H. VIRGA'TA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 428.) leaves linear,
loam and peat, but it will require to be kept rather moist. Cut-
tings will root readily if planted in a pot filled with the same kind
bluntish, smooth; flowers sessile, with 7-8 anthers and 3-4 styles ;
of soil with a hand-glass placed over them.
ħ. G. Native of New Holland about Port Jack-
A small, slender, smooth shrub.
Twiggy Hibbertia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 ft.
XIV. HIBBERTIA (in honour of George Hibbert, F. R. S. 7 H. FASCICULA'TA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 428.) leaves
F. L. S. who was once eminently distinguished for his love of linear, awl-shaped, smooth, in fascicles ; branchlets rather pilose ;
plants. He purchased the entire herbarium of Murray of Got- flowers sessile, with 3-4 styles ; stem erect. h. G. Native of
tingen, and for some time maintained Mr. Niven, an eminent New Holland about Port Jackson. This shrub has the appear-
collector of plants, at the Cape). Andr. bot. rep. t. 126. D. C. ance of Hypéricum fasciculatum. Stamens 11-12.
syst. 1. p. 425. prod. 1. p. 73.
Fascicled-leaved Hibbertia. Shrub 1 foot.
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia to Polygynia. Sepals 5,
SYST
8 H. LINEA'RIS (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 428.) leaves linear,
permanent. Petals 5, deciduous. Stamens indefinite, filiform, acute, quite entire, smooth ; flowers sessile, with 2 styles and 20
equal ; anthers oval-oblong. Ovaries 1-15; styles filiform, in- stamens; stem erect. h.G. Native of New Holland about
flexed Carpels membranous, dehiscent, usually 1-2-seeded. Port Jackson.
Seeds without any aril. Erect, procumbent, or twining shrubs,
Linear-leaved Hibbertia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1821. Sh. 2 ft.
with yellow flowers.
9 H. OBTUSIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 429.) leaves linear, ob-
a
stem erect.
son.
L 2

76
DILLENIACEÆ. XV. WORMIA.
mum.
tuse, narrowed at the apex, smooth; flowers sessile, with 20 gynous ; ovaries scaly. Đ. G. Native of New Holland in
stamens and 2 styles; stem erect. h. G. Native of Van Arnheim Land. Stamens 20-25.
Diemen's Land in dry sandy places. This species is very like Cistus-leaved Hibbertia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1826. Sh. 1 ft.
H. lineáris, and is perhaps only a variety of it.
19 H. TOMENTO'sa (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 432.) leaves
Blunt-leaved Hibbertia. Fl. Jun. Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh. 2 feet. oblong-linear, 1-nerved, quite entire, tomentose on both surfaces;
10 H. DIFFU'SA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 429.) leaves cu- flowers on pedicels digynous; calyxes and ovaries scaly. h.G.
neated, toothed at the apex, smooth ; flowers sessile, with 2-3 Native of Carpentaria. Ovaries globose; styles smooth, filiform.
styles and 20 stamens ; stem diffuse. h. G. Native of the Stamens 20-24.
eastern coast of New Holland.
Tomentose Hibbertia. Shrub 1 foot.
Var. B, leaves oblong-cuneated. Differing from the species in
.
20 H. LEPIDO'TA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 432.) leaves
the leaves being nearly oblong, entire, and emarginate, or fur- linear, acuminated, very entire, scaly on both surfaces ; pedicels
nished with 2-3 teeth on the margin.
crowded, 1-flowered; flowers digynous; ovaries scaly. h.G.
Diffuse-stemmed Hibbertia. Shrub 1 foot.
Native of Carpentaria. Styles arched, filiform, smooth. Stamens
11 H. MONO'GYNA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 429.) leaves about 10.
spatulate, cuneated at the base, 2-3-toothed at the apex, smooth ;
1 Scaly Hibbertia. Shrub 1 foot.
flowers sessile, with 1 style, and 12 stamens; stem erect. Cult. All the species of Hibbértia are very ornamental.
h. G. Native of New Holland in the mountains and about Port They thrive best in an equal mixture of sandy-loam and peat.
Jackson. Carpel 1-globose, membranous, indehiscent, 1-seeded. Cuttings put in in the spring or summer root freely under a hand-
.
Stamens 12-13.
glass in the same kind of soil. The climbing species are very
One-styled Hibbertia. Shrub 1 foot.
desirable for conservatories.
§ 3. Carpels 2-4, velvety from short pubescence, or covered with
XV. WO'RMIA (in honour of Olaus Wormius, M.D. a cele-
little scales.
brated Danish philosopher and naturalist, successor of Caspar
12 H. PEDUNCULA'TA (R. Br. in D.C. syst. 1. p. 430.) leaves Bartholin in the professorship of medicine at Copenhagen. He
linear, bluntish, with somewhat revolute margins ; flowers on died rector of the university in 1659. His Latin writings on the
pedicels, digynous; ovaries rather hoary. h. G. Native of history and antiquities of Denmark and Norway are valued for
New Holland about Port Jackson. Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1001. their accuracy.) Rottb. nov. act. hafn. 1783. vol. 2. p. 522. t. 3.
H. corifòlia, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2672. Ovaries 2, globose, D. C. syst. 1. p. 433. prod. 1. p. 75.
hoary. Styles filiform, scarcely exceeding the stamens in length. Lin. syst. Polyándria, Pantagynia. Sepals 5, very obtuse,
A little shrub, having the appearance of a species of Helianthe- permanent. Petals 5, deciduous. Stamens indefinite, free, fili-
Stamens 12-13.
form, equal. Styles 5, filiform ; stigmas emarginate. Carpels
Peduncled-flowered Hibbertia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1821. . 5, capsular, opening on the inside, 8-12 seeded, with pulp or
,
Shrub 1 foot.
aril at the base of the seeds. Elegant trees, with white or yellow
13 H. SERPYLLIFO'LIA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 430.) leaves flowers.
elliptical, obtuse, quite entire, smooth; flowers on pedicels with 1 W. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 433.) leaves oval,
2 styles, and 8-10 stamens; ovaries villous. . G. Native bluntly sinuated; flowers in branched panicles. h.s. Native
of New Holland on the eastern coast. Anthers oblong, longer
Anthers oblong, longer of Madagascar. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 82. Clúgnia volupis,
than the filaments.
Comm. herb. et icon. ined. Lenidia Madagascariensis, Poir.
Wild-thyme-leaved Hibbertia. Shrub 1 foot.
suppl. 3. p. 330. Panicles near to the top of the branches oppo-
14 H. CANE'SCENS (Sieb. pl. nov. holl. ex Spreng. syst. app.
site the leaves.
p. 211.) leaves spatulate-linear, pilose above, smooth beneath; Var. a, rotundifolia; leaves orbicular, somewhat cordate at
branches villous; ovaries pubescent. Þ.G. Native of New the base.
Holland.
Var. ß, oblongifolia ; leaves oblong, not cordate at the base.
Canescent Hibbertia. Shrub 2 feet.
A very elegant tree.
15 H. A'SPERA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 430.) leaves oblong, obtuse, Madagascar Wormia. Tree 25 feet.
with rather revolute margins, upper surface rather scabrous, under 2 W. DENTA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 434.) leaves ovate, retuse,
surface greyish-velvety; flowers on short pedicels with 2 styles ; coarsely and acutely toothed ; peduncles triquetrous 3-6-flower-
ovaries hairy. h. G. Native of New Holland. Perhaps a ed. ñ. S. Native of Ceylon. Dillènia dentàta, Thunb. in
.
species of Pleurandra.
Lin. soc. trans. 1. p. 201. t. 20. Petals 5, orbicular. Ovaries 5.
Rough-leaved Hibbertia. Shrub 1 foot.
This tree is called Diapara in Ceylon.
16 H. HERMANNIÆFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 431.) leaves obo- Toothed-leaved Wormia. Fl.? Clt. 1818. Tree 20 feet.
vate-cuneated, blunt, villous-tomentose on both surfaces, the hairs 3 W. TRIQUE'TRA (Rottb. nov. act. hafn. 2. p. 552. t. 3.)
on the upper surface are simple, those on the under surface are leaves ovate, rather obtuse, and bluntly sinuated ; peduncles tri-
stellately-branched ; flowers on pedicels, digynous ; ovaries to- quetrous, racemose. h. S. Native of Ceylon. Ovaries 3-
h.G, Native of New Holland on the mountains. sided, approximate. Styles reflexed. Stamens very short.
Stamens 15-16.
Triquetrous-peduncled Wormia. Tree 20 feet.
Hermannia-leaved Hibbertia. Shrub 1 foot.
4 W. ALA'TA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 434.) leaves oval,
17 H. OBLONGA'TA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 431.) leaves quite entire ; petioles winged. h.Ğ. Native of New Holland
oblong, quite entire, upper surface smooth, under surface velvety at Endeavour River. Styles awl-shaped, diverging, longer than
with stellate hairs; nerves confluent at the margins; flowers on
the stamens.
pedicels, digynous; ovaries scaly. Þ.G. Native of Carpen- Wing-petioled Wormia. Tree 20 feet.
taria. Carpels globose, somewhat triquetrous. Stamens 20-25. Cult. Elegant trees, requiring the heat of a stove, with the
Oblong-leaved Hibbertia. Shrub 2 feet.
exception of W. alàta. They will thrive well in a mixture of
18 H. CISTIFO'LIA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 431.) leaves loam, peat, and sand. Ripened cuttings not deprived of their
oblong, quite entire, 1-nerved, upper surface pubescent with leaves will root freely, if planted in a pot of sand with a hand-glass
starry hairs, under surface white-velvety; flowers on pedicels di- placed over them, in heat: those of W. alàta do not require heat.
mentose.

DILLENIACEÆ. XVI. COLBERTIA. XVII. CAPELLIA. XVIII. DILLENIA.
77
a
Sal. par.
manent.
syst. 1.
.
bu
XVI. COLBEʻRTIA (in honour of John Baptist Colbert, mar- being deciduous, not permanent, as well as in the stamens being
quis Seignelai, a famous French statesman, and patron of the Paris unequal.
garden, who destroyed with his own hands the vines which had 1 C. MULTIFLO'RA (Blum. 1. c.) h.s. Native of Java.
been planted therein, in lieu of more curious objects ; died 1683.) Many-flowered Capellia. Tree 40 feet.
lond. no. 73. D. C. syst. 1. p. 435. prod. 1. p. 75. Cult. Capéllia will require the same treatment as that re-
.
LIN. Syst. Polyandria, Tetra-Polygynia. Sepals 5-6, per- commended for the species of Dillènia.t
Petals 5, deciduous. Stamens indefinite, free, 10-50
of which are much longer than the rest, bearing empty an-
XVIII. DILLE'NIA (in honour of John James Dillenius, the
thers. Anthers opening by a double pore. Carpels 4-12, joined famous professor of botany at Oxford, author of Historia Mus-
into a ribbed baccate fruit. Styles 4-12, diverging. Stigmas corum and Hortus Elthamensis, &c.) Lin. gen. no. 688. D. C.
capitate? Seeds reniform, many in each cell, all imbedded in a
p.
435. prod. 1. p. 75.
pellucid glutinose pulp. Trees with broad leaves and yellow Lin. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Sepals and petals 5, both
flowers.
permanent. Stamens indefinite, free, equal (f. 19. b.) Carpels
1 C. COROMANDELIA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 435.) leaves oblong, 10-20, joined into a spurious, many-celled, many-seeded berry
villous on the nerves beneath ; pedicels 1-flowered, fascicled; (f. 19. c.) crowned by the radiant stigmas (f. 19. d.) Elegant
petals oval-oblong, acute; sepals ovate, obtuse. h... Na- trees, with large white or yellow flowers. Fruit eatable, of an
tive of Coromandel in mountain valleys. Dillènia pentágyna, acid taste.
Roxb. corom. 1. p. 21. t. 20. Leaves oblong, like those of 1 D. SPECIO'sa (Thunb. in Lin.
FIG. 19.
Dillènia speciosa, but larger. Pedicels 1-flowered, several of soc. trans. 1. p. 200.) leaves ellip-
which rise from the same floriferous bud, along the naked tical-oblong, simply serrated; pe-
branches of the preceding year. An elegant tree with yellow duncles 1-flowered. n. S. Native
flowers. Fruit pendulous.
of Malabar, especially about Cochin
Coromandel Colbertia. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1803. Tree and Moutan; also in Java and
20 feet.
Ceylon. Smith, exot. bot. 1. t. 2.
2 C. SCABRE'LLA (D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 226.) leaves ellip- Syalita, Rheed. mal. 3. p. 39. t.
p
.
tical, acute, tapering to the base, pilose on both surfaces, with 38 and 39. D. I'ndica, Lin, spec.
bristly serratures ; peduncles in axillary fascicles, each fur- 745. A tall elegant tree, with
nished with two opposite bracteas, glabrous ; leaflets of calyx leaves like those of the sweet
oval-roundish; petals orbicular or obovate; anthers obtuse. h. chesnut. Flowers large, with white
S. Native of Bengal. Dillènia scabrélla, Roxb. hort. beng. p. petals and yellow anthers. (f. 19.)
.
43. Wall. pl. asiat. rar. p. 20. t. 22. Leaves 1 foot long, deci-
The fruit is eatable, though very
duous. Ovaries 6-7. Flowers yellow, fragrant. The fleshy leaves acid, which, as Rheede informs
of the calyx have a pleasant acid taste, and are used in curries us, requires sugar, broth, or some
by the inhabitants of Chittagong in the same manner as those of other addition to make it palatable.
Dillenia speciosa.
The acid juice of the fruit, with sugar, is used in India mixed
Rough-leaved Colbertia. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Tree 3 feet. with water as a pleasant cooling beverage in fevers.
3 C. OBOVA'TA (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnæa Shewy Dillenia. Fl.? Clt. 1800. Tree 40 feet.
1. p. 492.) leaves obovate, serrated; peduncles 1-flowered ; 2 D. AU'REA (Smith, exot. bot. t. 92, 93.) leaves elliptical-
flowers polygynous. ħ.S. Native of Java. Wórmia obovata, oblong, serrated ; flowers often solitary on peduncles, rising be-
Spreng. syst. app. p. 213. Ovaries 12.
fore the expansion of the leaves. ħ.S. Native of the East
Obovate-leaved Colbertia. Tree 20 feet.
Indies, near the river Gogra. A deciduous tree, with the ap-
A
4 C. AUGU’STA (Wall. in litt.) leaves large, obovate feather- pearance of D. speciosa. Margins of seeds not fringed. Flowers
nerved; nerves bifid at the apex, each terminating in a mucrone,
yellow.
all villous ; pedicels 1-flowered, aggregate, axillary. H. S.
Golden-flowered Dillenia. Tree 30 feet.
Native of the East Indies. Dillènia augusta, Roxb. Leaves 1 3 D. ORNA'TA (Wall. pl. asiat. rar. p. 21. t. 23.) leaves ob-
foot long and 7 inches broad. The points of the nerves are the ovate, remotely crenately toothletted, stalked, smooth above, but
teeth of the leaves. Flowers yellow.
pubescent beneath ; flowers solitary, terminal. h.S. Native
August Colbertia Tree 40 feet.
of the East Indies in the forests of the principal rivers in Mala-
Cult. Colbértia is a genus of elegant trees resembling Dillènia. bar. A noble deciduous tree, resembling the Teak when in
The species will thrive well in sandy loam, or a mixture of loam foliage. Flowers large, yellow, fragrant. Stigmas 9, stellately
and peat. Ripened cuttings root freely in sand under a hand- spreading. Perhaps a species of Colbértia.
glass plunged in a moderate heat, but they must not be deprived Ornamented Dillenia. Fl. March. Tree 50 feet.
of any of their leaves.
4 D. INTE'GRA (Thunb. in Lin. trans. 1. p. 199. t. 18.) leaves
oblong-obovate, obtuse, nearly entire; peduncles 1-flowered.
XVII. CAPEʼLLIA (Capell, the name of some botanist ?) ħ.S. Native of Ceylon. A tree with broad leaves. Flowers
Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnæa 1. p. 492. terminal on the extreme branches. This is perhaps a species of
LIN. syst. Polyándria Polygynia. Stamens indefinite, free, Wórmia as well as D. elliptica and D. retusa. Called in Ceylon
the inner ones much longer than the rest in one row. Carpels
Carpels Gudapara and Runumidale.-A decoction of the leaves is used
5-8 or more, membranous, joined into a globose fruit. Cells by the inhabitants for cleansing foul ulcers.
many-seeded, opening on the inside ; seeds disposed in a double Entire-leaved Dillenia. Fl.? Tree 30 feet.
series at the margins of the carpels. Styles awl-shaped, diverging. 5 D. ELLIPTICA (Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 1. p. 200.) leaves
Sepals and petals 5, the latter deciduous.—A tall tree, with elliptical-ovate, acute, serrated; peduncles 1-flowered. h.s.
.
oblong repand-serrulated, smooth leaves, and terminal many- Native of Amboina, Celebes, near Tambocco. Sòngium, Rumph.
flowered peduncles. Flowers yellow. This genus differs from amb. 2. p. 140. t. 45.
140. t. 45. A tree like Citrus Limònia, with leaves
Colbértia in the fruit not being baccate nor pulpy, and in the about 2 feet long. Flowers white. Fruit the size of an
carpels opening inwardly. It differs from Dillenia in the petals orange, filled with copper-coloured bitterish-sweet pulp; it is
-
a
-

78
MAGNOLIACEÆ. I. ILLICIUM.
either eaten in a crude state, or when ripe is used as a sauce with pífera is employed for the same purposes as Jesuit's-bark, and
fish.
from the fruit of Magnòlia acuminata a tincture is prepared which
Elliptic-leaved Dillenia. Tree 30 feet.
has some reputation for removing attacks of rheumatism. The
6 D. SERRA'TA (Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 1. p. 201.) leaves
elliptical-ovate, acute, serrated; peduncles 3-flowered. h. S.
fruit of Illicium anisàtum, is the material which flavours the
Native of Java and other parts of India. Sangius, Rumph. amb. liqueur called Anisette de Bourdeaux. The pericarps are usually
2.
P:
142. t. 46. Fruit eatable, the size and form of an orange, aromatic. The seeds are generally bitter, and retain their vege-
of a sweetish-acid taste, either yellow, white, or reddish.
tative power a considerable time, therefore, in most instances
Serrated-leaved Dillenia. Tree 30 feet.
7 D. Betu'sa (Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 1. p. 200. t. 19.) they may be imported in a living state from any part of the
7 RETUSA
world.
leaves obovate, truncate at the apex, remotely toothed, peduncles
1-flowered. h.s. Native of the woods of Ceylon. Lam. ill.
Synopsis of the Genera.
t. 492. f. 2. A tree with leaves two hands long and one broad.
Petals obovate, three times longer than the calyx.
TRIBE I.
Retuse-leaved Dillenia. Tree 30 feet.
Cult. Dillènia is a splendid Indian genus of trees. The
ILLICIE'£ (D. C. prod. 1. p. 77.) Carpels disposed in whorles
species thrive well in the collections of this country. A light (f. 20.) rarely solitary from abortion. Leaves full of pullucid
loamy soil suits them best, or a mixture of loam and peat. dots.
Ripened cuttings not deprived of their leaves strike root freely, 1 1 ILLICIUM. Capsules stellately disposed, capsular, opening
in a pot of sand, under a hand-glass, plunged in heat. The
above ; 1-seeded; seeds shining. Calyx of 3-6 petal-like sepals.
plants will not bear tobacco smoke, as it turns the leaves brown,
and consequently many of them will drop. The house in which
2 Te'mus. Carpels 2, baccate, joined together? Seeds aril-
they are kept should never be allowed to get below 60 degrees of late. Style 1. Calyx trifid.
Fahrenheit's thermometer, as this would also injure their leaves. 3 DRI'Mys. Carpels crowded, baccate, many-seeded (f. 20.
Sweet, bot. cul. p. 61 and 62.
g.) Filaments of stamens thickest at the top, and bearing
separated cells (f. 20. d.) Calyx entire, or 2-3-parted.
4 TASMA'NNIA. Carpel solitary, membranous, indehiscent,
Order III. MAGNOLIA'CEÆ (plants agreeing with Mag- many-seeded. Calyx 3-sepalled or 3-parted.
nolia in many important characters.) D. C. theor. pl. 213. syst.
TRIBE II.
1. p. 439. prod. 1. p. 77. Parts of flower imbricate in the bud.
Calyx of 3 (f. 22. a.) or 6 deciduous sepals. Petals 3-27 (f. MAGNOLIE'Æ (D. C. prod. 1. p. 79.) Carpels spicately dis-
20, 21, 22. a.) disposed in a ternary order, in one or many posed along the axis (f. 21. b. f. 22. 6.) Leaves destitute of pel-
(
series. Stamens indefinite, free. Anthers adnate, elongated. Ova- lucid dots.
ries numerous (f. 21. b. f. 22. b.), inserted in the torus above the
5 MANGLIE'TIA. Carpels 2-valved, numerous, permanent,
stamens, usually disposed in spikes, rarely connected at maturity, many-seeded, disposed in a dense imbricated cone. Calyx spa-
1-celled, 1 or many seeded (f. 20.
g.
f. 21. c.), sometimes cap-
thaceous, irregularly deciduous.
sular (f. 22. b.), and opening either on the under or upper side,
6 Miche'LIA. Carpels disposed in loose spikes (f. 21. 6.)
sometimes fleshy (f. 21. b.) indehiscent, sometimes samaræ-
somewhat baccate, opening at the top, many-seeded. (f. 21. c.)
formed (f. 20.f.). Seeds adnate to the inner angle of the carpel Calyx of 3-sepals.
(f. 20.g.). Embryo straight, small, inferior (f. 20. h.). Albu-
7 MAGNOLIA. Carpels disposed in crowded spikes, opening
men fleshy.—Elegant trees and shrubs, natives of Asia and Ame- by the external angle, 1-2-seeded, permanent. Calyx of 3 sepals.
rica, with alternate feather-nerved leaves articulately inserted,
8 TALA'UMA. Carpels disposed in spikes, 1-2-seeded, joined
and involute when in the bud. Stipulas 2, deciduous, when together into a shobile-like fruit (f. 22. b.) opening valvately
young convolute and terminating the branches in a conical acu- and irregularly on the outside. Calyx of 3 sepals (f. 22. a.)
men, resembling that of the fig-tree. Flowers beautiful, usually
9 AROMADE'NDRON. Carpels 1-2-seeded, joined into a ligneous
with a delicious fragrance. This order differs from Dilleniàceæ
fruit. Calyx of one spatbaceous leaf.
in the parts of the flowers being disposed in a ternary order, not
10 LIRIODE'NDRON. Carpels disposed in spikes, 1-2-seeded,
quinary, and from Anonàceæ in the albumen being continuous, indehiscent, deciduous, each drawn out into a wing. Calyx of 3
not pierced by the processes of the seed-coat, but it is more sepals.
easily distinguished from that order in the presence of stipulas.
Tribe I.
The grandeur of the Magnòlias is known to all lovers of plants,
as well as the delicious though dangerous fragrance of their
ILLICIEÆ (plants agreeing in character with Illicium,) D.
C. prod. 1. p. 77. Carpels disposed in a whorl, very rarely
p
flowers, and very few of the other genera are inferior to them, but solitary from abortion.
solitary from abortion. Leaves full of pellucid dots.
it is less generally known, that from their affinity to the trees that I. ILLICIUM (from illicio, to allure; on account of the
produce the famous Winter's-bark and Melambo-bark, they pos- agreeable aromatic smell of the species.) Lin. gen. 611. Gært.
sess qualities of no common power. The bark of all the plants fruct. 1. p. 339. t. 69. Juss. gen. 281. Lam. illust. t. 493. D.
of this order is said to have a bitter flavour without any astrin-
C. syst. 1. p. 440. prod. 1.
LÎN. SYST. Polyandria, Polygynia. Calyx of 3-6 petal-like
gency, combined with a hot aromatic flavour. In the United
sepals. Carpels stellately disposed, capsular, opening on the
States the bark of the Magnòlia glaúca and Liriodendron tuli- upper side, 1-seeded. Seeds shining. Evergreen smooth shrubs,
a
p. 77.
1

MAGNOLIACEÆ. II. TEMUS. III. DRIMYS.
79
the top:
with oblong stalked coriaceous leaves. The species are power- Gmel. syst. 1. p. 831. Poir. dict. 7. p. 595. Leaves crowded on
fully carminative and stomachic, especially Ill. anisàtum. the branches, 2 inches long; green shining. Flowers sweet-
i I. FLORIDA'NUM (Ellis. in phil. trans. 1770. p. 524. t. 12.) scented; lobes of calyx blunt; petals flesh-coloured, narrow, 2
1
petals 27-30 dark purple, outer ones oblong, inner ones lanceo- or 3 inches long. Filaments of stamens setacious, one-half
late. h. F. Native of West Florida on the banks of the river shorter than the petals. Berries like coffee, but exceedingly bit-
Mississippi, and in marshy places near the town of Pensacola. ter. (Mol.)
Lam. illustr. t. 493. f. 1. Lois. herb. amat. t. 174. Curt. bot. Musk-scented Temus. Shrub 10 feet?
mag. 439. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 209. Bigel. amer. med. bot. t. 48. Cult. This fine shrub will grow freely in a mixture of loam
The leaves when bruised smell like anise, as well as the rest of and peat, and ripened cuttings will root freely if planted in a pot
the plant. The bark and leaves are strongly impregnated with of sand with a hand-glass placed over them.t
a spicy aromatic taste and smell, approaching that of Magnòlia
and Liriodendron, but perhaps more similar to that of Anise or III. DRI'MYS (from dopus, drimys, acrid, or deputns, dri-
Coriander seeds. This aroma is preserved in the distilled water, mytes, sharpness; taste of bark.) Forst. gen. t. 42. Lam. ill. t.
and fills the room with its fragrance while distillation is going on. 494. Lin. fil. sup. 268. Juss. gen. 280. D. C. syst. 1. p. 442.
.
The medicinal properties of this shrub are not ascertained, but prod. 1. p. 78.
from its bitter taste and aromatic quality it would appear to be Lin. syst. Polyándria, Tetragynia. Carpels crowded, bac-
analogous with Sassafras canella and Cascarilla and other cate, many-seeded (f. 20. g.) Filaments of stamens thickest at
aromatic barks, which are regularly consumed in the shops.
Anthers twin (f. 20. d.) This genus, from the struc-
Florida Anise-seed-tree. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1766. Shrub ture of its stamens and subpersistent calyx, is a little allied to
8 feet.
Delima. Evergreen trees, with acrid aromatic bark, and axillary
2 I. ANISA'TUM (Lin. spec. 664.) petals 27-30, yellowish, outer and terminal flowers.
ones oblong, inner ones linear-awl-shaped. . F.
ħ. F. Native of
Japan and China, where it is also cultivated in gardens as an Sect. I. EUDRI'MYS (from ev, eu, well or good ; doquus, drimys,
ornament. Gært. fruct. 1. p. 338. t. 69. Lam. ill. t. 493. f. 2. acrid ; taste of bark, or more probably from its containing the ori-
-Clus. hist. 2. p. 202. f. 3. The capsules of this plant are im- ginal species of Drìmys.) Calyx entire, dehiscent. Flowers small.
ported from China under the name of Chinese anise, they are 1 D. AXILLA'RIS (Fort. gen. t. 42.) leaves oblong, acuminated
used as an aromatic condiment to communicate an agreeable at both ends; pedicels 2-3 together, 1-flowered; petals 6 ovate.
flavour to certain dishes. It is the material which flavours the h. G. Native of New Zealand in woods. Lam. ill. t. 494. f.
liqueur called Anisette de Bourdeaux. In Japan they place bundles 2. Wintèra axillaris, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1240.
.
Ovaries 4-
and garlands of this tree in their temples before their idols, and seeded. The flavour of the whole plant, especially of the bark,
on the tombs of their friends. They also burn the powdered is extremely acrid and pungent.
bark as incense to their idols. The plant is stomachic and car- Axillary-flowered Drimys. Shrub 10 feet.
minative, and is used in the eastern countries in the colic, rheu-
matism, &c. The Chinese chew it after dinner as a stomachic Sect. II. WINTE'RA (to the honour of William Winter, cap-
and sweetener of the breath. In some parts of the East Indies tain R.N., who went round the world with Sir Francis Drake, see
the natives and the Dutch settlers mix it with their tea and D. Wintèra.) Calyx 2-3 parted, or of 2-3 sepals.
sherbet. A branch put into the decoction of Tetràodon hispidum 2 D. WINTE'RI (Forst. gen. p. 84. t. 42.) leaves oblong, ob-
is supposed to increase the virulence of that poison. The bark tuse, under surface glaucous ; peduncles almost simple, aggre-
finely powdered is used by the public watchmen in Japan to gate, divided into elongated pedicels ; petals 6, oblong.
make a chronometer or instrument for measuring the hours, by Native of the Straits of Magellan and of Statenland. Winterana
slowly sparkling at certain spaces in a box, in order to direct aromática, Sol. med. obs. 5. p. 46. t. 1. Wintèra aromática,
when the public bells are to sound.
Murr. syst. 507. Winteranus cortex, Clus. exot. 75.
Chinese Anise-seed-tree. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1790. Shrub B, punctàta (Lam. dict. 2. p. 330. ill. t. 494. f. 1.) leaves
8 feet.
less glaucous and more distinctly dotted.
3 I. PARVIFLORUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 326.) petals This is a tree from 6 to 40 feet high, with knotty branches and
9-12, yellowish, ovate-roundish. h. F. Native of Western a thick aromatic pungent bark. Flowers milk-white about the size
Florida, near Lake George. Vent. cels. t. 22. Lois. herb. amat.
.
of a hawthorn blossom, and smelling like jasmine. Berries from
t. 330. Ph. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 380. Sepals 3 ovate, somewhat 3 to 6 of a light green colour, with a few black spots containing
ciliated. A small shrub. Leaves scented. Flowers scentless. several, usually 4, black aromatic seeds. Captain William Win-
The bark has exactly the flavour of the Sassafras root.
ter, who went out with Sir Francis Drake, when he went round
Small-flowered Anise-seed-tree. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1790. the world, at his return brought the bark of this tree with him
Shrub 3 feet.
from the Straits of Magellan. He had found it to be very useful
Cult. The species of this genus thrive well in a light loamy to his ship's crew, both instead of other spices to their meat, and
soil, or a mixture of loam and peat; and they are readily in- as a medicine very powerful against the scurvy. And Sebald de
creased by layers. Ripened cuttings planted in a pot of sand Weert says, that both leaves and bark were used with their meat
will root freely under a hand-glass.
and muscles, to correct them in so cold a climate.
Mr. George Handyside brought home with him a specimen
II. TE'MUS (Temo is the name of this tree in Chili.) Mol. of the leaves, flowers, and seed. He used the leaves, with other
chil. 153. Juss. gen. 435. D. C. prod. 1. p. 78.
herbs, in fomentations with very good success : he also gave
the
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Digýnia. Calyx 3-cleft. Petals 18, bark inwardly, boiling half a drachm with some carminative seeds,
linear, very long. Stamens 26 (27 ?) shorter than the petals ; and giving to those of the crew who were very much afflicted
anthers globose. Ovaries 2, each terminated by a style. Car- with the scurvy. It usually sweated them, and they were very
pels 2, baccate, (joined ?). Seeds arillate. An
An evergreen tree. much relieved. He likewise administered the same medicine to
Leaves alternate, stalked, oval, smooth, smelling like the nutmeg many of the crew who were very ill from eating the sea lion ;
when bruised. Flowers terminal, flesh-coloured.
and were much relieved by it, although they had lost most of
1 T. MOSCHA'TA (Mol. chil. 153.) h. G. Native of Chili. their skin, which peeled off in large pieces (Martyn). This bark
1
h. F.
a
a
a

80
MAGNOLIACEÆ. IV. TASMANNIA. V. MANGLIETIA.
-OL
23
f.
is not much used in practice at present, there being many drugs Þ.G. Native of Chili in marshy places. Deless, icon. sel. 1.
of equal or superior power, as Canella álba, &c.
t. 83. Berries oval, somewhat compressed, blunt. A tall shrub,
Winter's-bark. Fl. Dec. Clt. 1827. Tree 40 feet.
with very aromatic bark. Flowers white.
Chili Winter's-bark. Shrub 12 feet.
3 D. GRANATE'NSIS (Lin. fil.
FIG. 20.
5 D. MEXICA'NA (Moc. et Sesse, pl. mex. ined. D. C. syst. 1.
suppl. 269.) leaves ovate-oblong
p. 444.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends ; pe-
or oblong, acute, gradually tapering
duncles elongated, bearing 4 elongated pedicels at the apex;
to the base, under surface glau-
petals 20-24, acute. h.G. Native of Mexico. Berries 4, or
cous; peduncles umbellate, 3-5-
from abortion only 2 or 3, obovate, tapering towards the base, of
cleft, sometimes simple, usually
a bluish-violet colour. Flowers white.
aggregate at the tops of the
Mexican Winter's-bark. Shrub 8 feet.
branches. h. S. Native of New
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit the species
Granada, and in the kingdom of
of Drèmys, and ripened cuttings will probably root in sand under
Santa-Fe de Bogota in the moun-
a hand-glass; however they are extremely difficult to preserve.t
tains at the height of 9300 feet,
also of Brasil in the province of
IV. TASMA'NNIA (in honour of Tasman, a Dutch navi-
Minas Geraes. Humb. Bonpl. pl.
gator; discoverer of Van Diemen's Land.) R. Br. in D. C. syst.
æquin. 1. p. 205. t. 58. St. Hil.
1. p. 445.
pl. usu. bras. t. 26 and 28. Win-
LIN. Syst. Dice'cia, Polyandria. Flowers dioecious or poly-
tèra Granaténsis, Murr. syst. 507.
9
gamous, small, like those of Drimys. Male flowers with an
Drìmys Wintèri, Mart. Reis. 1.
indefinite number of stamens, and with the rudiment of a pistil.
p. 280. but not of Lin. The flavour of the bark is the same
Female flowers with 2 sepals and 2-5 deciduous petals. Ovary
as the preceding. A tree about 20 feet high, called in New
1-celled. Stigma adhering longitudinally to the inner side of
Granada Agi, and in the province of Quito and Popaya Canela
the ovary. Fruit membranous, indehiscent, l-celled, many-
de Parama. Flowers white, rather larger than those of D. Win-
seeded. Stamens a little curved. This genus comes very near
tèri; petals about 12.
to Drimys, but differs in the flowers being dioecious with the
Var. a, campestris (St. Hil, fl. bras. 1. p. 22. pl. usuell. bras.
female ones bearing only 1 berry. Very smooth evergreen shrubs,
t. 26.) stem shrubby or arboreous ; leaves 2 or 3 inches long,
with entire alternate leaves. Flowers crowded in the upper
obovate-oblong, very blunt; with the nerves rufescent on the
axils of the leaves. Pedicels 1-flowered.
under surface; peduncles 3-5-cleft, but usually 4-cleft; pedicels 1 T. AROMA’TICA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 445.) leaves
short, aggregate at the top of the branches rising from the axils
oblong, gradually tapering to the base along the petiole; fruit
of the caducous bracteas ; petals usually 10, oblong-linear, blunt.
globose, subdidymous. Þ.G. Native of the colder parts of
h. S. Native of Brazil in fields on the banks of rivers.
New Holland, and especially in Van Diemen's Land. Deless.
Var. ß, sylvática (St. Hil. 1. c. pl. usu. bras. t. 27.) stem arbo-
icon. sel. 1. t. 84. Winteràna lanceolata, Poir. dict. 8. p. 799.
reous; leaves 4-6 inches long, oblong, rather narrow and rather
Bark aromatic. Flowers small, white.
acute, hoary beneath with rufescent nerves; peduncles umbel-
Aromatic-barked Tasmannia. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Shrub 8 feet.
late, 3-4, but usually 5-cleft, very numerous, crowded at the
2 T. INSI'PIDA (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 445.) leaves oval-
tops of the branches, rising from the axils of the caducous oblong, abruptly eared at the apex of the very short petiole ;
bracteas; pedicels slender, longer than the peduncles; petals
fruit oval-oblong. Þ.G. Native of New Holland about Port
5-7 lines long, linear, acute. Native of Brazil in woods, usually Jackson. T. dipétala, R. Br. in litt. Bark insipid.
.
on the banks of rivulets. (f. 20.)
Insipid-barked Tasmannia. Shrub 8 feet.
Var.
7, axillaris (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem arboreous; branches
Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit the species of
.
glaucous ; leaves 2 or 3 inches long, full of pellucid dots ; hoary this
genus, and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted in a
glaucous beneath, with reddish nerves ; peduncles umbellate,
pot of sand with a hand-glass placed over them.
3-4 cleft, but often 5-cleft, rising from the axils of the upper
leaves; pedicels shorter than the peduncles ; petals usually 10,
Tribe II.
oblong-linear, narrowest at the base, rather acute at the apex.
Native of Brazil on mountains near Villa Ricca.
MAGNOLIEÆ (plants agreeing in character with Magnòlia).
Var. O, montàna (St. Hil. 1. c. pl. usu. bras. t. 28.) stem D. C. prod. 1. p. 79. Carpels disposed in spikes along the
shrubby, a little branched ; leaves crowded, 1 or 14 inches
axis. Leaves destitute of pellucid dots. Calyx deciduous.
long, obovate oblong, obtuse, usually somewhat emarginate, V. MANGLIE'TIA (Manglet is the name of M. glaúca in
hoary pubescent beneath; peduncles crowded, not numerous, Java). Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. 1. p. 8. fl. jav. fasc. 19. p. 22.
usually lateral, rising from the axils of the caducous bracteas,
LIN. syst. Polyandria, Polygynia. Calyx spathaceous, irre-
simple, 1-flowered or divided, longer than the pedicels; flowers gularly deciduous. Corolla usually 9-petalled. Stamens awl-
small; petals 12-15, oblong-linear, obtuse. Native of Brasil on
shaped ; anthers bursting inwards. Carpels numerous, some-
the high mountains, commonly called Serra Negra. This variety what 2-valved, permanent, 2 or many-seeded, disposed in a
is called in Brasil Casca d. Anta, signifying ecorse de taper. dense imbricated cone.-Elegant trees with elliptical-oblong
The bark of all the varieties is aromatic stimulating, and the inha- leaves, acuminated at both ends, and glaucous beneath. Flowers
,
bitants in the provinces of the mines make much use of it. It is
solitary, terminal.
employed as a tonic to cure colics, and as a spice, and is much 1 M. GLAU'CA (Blum. bijdr. 1. p. 8. fl. jav. fasc. 19. p. 22.
.
used by the inhabitants of Brasil to season their food, and there- t. 6.) leaves elliptical-oblong, acute at both ends, pale glaucous
fore the plant is considered of great importance by them. beneath; buds smooth; carpels 2-4 or many-seeded. h.S. Na-
New Granada Winter's-bark. Tree 25 feet.
tive of Java. Flowers beautiful pale yellow, fragrant.
4 D. CHILE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 444.) leaves oblong-oh- Glaucous-leaved Manglietia. Tree 80 feet.
ovate, under surface glaucous; pedicels crowded, 1-flowered, or 2 M. INSI’GNIS (Blum. fl. jav. fasc. 19. p. 22. in a note.)
rising from a common peduncle; petals 6-9, oblong, bluntish, leaves oblong, acuminated; glaucous and netted, with veins .be-

MAGNOLIACEÆ. VII. MICHELIA.
81
h.F.
а
neath; buds clothed with rusty down; three outer petals calyci- Kisopa. Fl. Oct. Nov. Tree 50 feet.
form reflexed; carpels 4-seeded; flower-bud smooth.
3 M. DO'LTSOPA (Hamilt. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 448. Wall
. tent.
.
Native of Nipaul on Sheopore. Magnòlia insígnis, Wall. tent. fl. nap. t. 3.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, smooth, but rather
fl. nap. t. 1. This is a fine shewy tree bearing large yellowish glaucous and rather puberulous on the under surface; flowers
flowers tinged with rose. Strobile ovate, densely imbricated. on long stalks; stigmas revolute ; anthers mucronate; flower-
The wood is pale yellow of a fine grain.
buds clothed with rusty tomentum. h.G. Native of Java and of
Shewy Manglietia. Tree 40-60 feet.
Nipaul about Harain-Hetty, where it is called Doltsopa. Flowers
Cult. These elegant trees never having been introduced to yellow, fragrant; petals oval, 6-9, outer ones oblong, inner ones
this country, the mode of cultivating them is unknown, but we re- narrower. The wood is sweet-scented and is the best in Nipaul
commend the same mode of treatment as given for Michèliat. for buildings.
Doltsopa. Fl. Feb. Tree 40-60 feet.
VII. MICHE’LIA (in honour of Pietro Antonio Micheli, a 4 M. TSiamPa'ca (Lin. Mant. 78.) leaves elliptical, oblong,
celebrated Florentine botanist, died in 1737, author of Nova tapering a little to the base, younger ones silky on the under
Plantarum Genera Flor. 1729. fol. and several other works). surface, with pubescence as well as the branchlets. h.S. Native
Lin. Gen. 691. Gart. fruct. 2. p. 263. t. 137.
.
of Amboyna in woods. Sampaca sylvestris, Rumph. amb. 2.
LIN. Syst. Polyandria, Polygynia. Carpels somewhat bac- p. 202. t. 68. M. serícea, Pers. ench. 2. p. 94. This is a
cate, opening at the top, many-seeded, disposed in loose spikes (f. taller tree than M. Champàca and with larger leaves. Flowers
21.6.). Calyx of 3 sepals, girded on the outside by a deciduous corymbose on the peduncle of a light straw colour, with but little
spath-like bractea, which open laterally. Petals 6-15. Flowers scent. The seeds are from 2 to 7 of a pale reddish colour.
.
sweet-scented. These elegant trees are a great ornament in Perhaps many species are confounded under M.. Tsiampàca
India, where they are generally known by the name of Champa. and M. Champàca. The Javanese call this tree Tsiampacca
They are celebrated by Indian poets, and are highly venerated conneng
by the Hindus. They are good timber trees.
Tsiampaca. Fl.? Tree 60 feet.
1 M. CHAMPA'CA (Lin. spec.
FIG. 21.
5 M. MACROPHY'LLA (D. Don. prod. A. nep. p. 226.) leaves
756.) leaves ovate-oblong, acumin-
lanceolate, short-pointed, waved, glabrous, tapering to the base ;
ated, acute at the base, with the
flowers terminal, solitary, sessile. Þ.G. Native of Nipaul.
ribs beneath as well as the pe-
An evergreen tree with white flowers about the size of those of
duncles and spaths silky. K.S.
Magnòlia glaúca. Ovaries 50-60.
Native of India, where it is also
Large-leaved Michelia. Tree 30 feet.
very much cultivated. The tree
6 M. LONGIFO'LIA (Blum. bijdr. Al. ned. ind. 1. p. 7. fl. jav.
is highly venerated by the Hindus,
fasc. 19. t. 2.) leaves elliptical-oblong, tapering to both ends,
who have given one of its names Tu-
smooth, stiff; peduncles, buds, and spaths silky. ħ. S. Native
lasi to a sacred grove of their Par-
of Java. Flowers at first white, then yellowish, sweet-scented.
nassus on the banks of the Yamu-
Var. B, racemosa (Blum. fl. jav. fasc. 19. t. 3.) peduncles
na, and it is also dedicated by them
1-3-flowered.
to their God Vishnu. Lam. ill. t.
Long-leaved Michelia. Tree large.
493. Blum. fl. jav. fasc. 19. t. 1.
7 M. MONTA'NA (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. 1. p. 7. fl. jav. fasc.
p
M. suaveolens, Pers. ench. 2. p.
19.
p. 15. t. 5.) leaves oval-oblong, acute at both ends, coriaceous,
94. Champaca, Rheed. mal. 1. p.
smooth; buds, peduncles, and spaths almost naked ; petals 9,
31. t. 19. Sampaca, &c. Rumph.
lanceolate, acute. h.S. Native of Java. Flowers pale yellow,
amb. 2. p. 199. t. 67. Flowers large, yellow, or copper-co- sweet-scented.
loured, sweet scented through the day but at night they become Mountain Michelia Tree 60 feet.
rather fetid. Peduncles short, axillary 1-flowered. Petals 8 M. VELUTI'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 79.) leaves elliptical-
oblong, 8-9 lines long and 3 lines broad. This tree is celebrated oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, upper surface quite smooth,
for the exquisite perfume of its flowers, of which most Europeans under surface velvety with white tomentum as well as the branch-
who have been in India speak with rapture, though some find it lets. ħ. G. Native of Nipaul and Java. Flower-buds velvety,
too powerful. The natives adorn their heads with the flowers, tomentose. Flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile, yellow,
both for the sake of perfume and for the elegant contrast of their Blum. A. jav. fasc. 19. p. 17. t. 5 & 6. M. Tsiampàca, Blum.
rich orange colour with their own black hair. The tree is of bijdr. fl. ind. ned. 1.
p.
7.
moderate size; the bark of its root red, bitter, and very acrid Velvety-leaved Michelia. Tree 30 feet.
according to Rheede. The flowers are not unlike a double Nar- 9 M. RUFINE'RVIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 449.) leaves elliptical,
cissus. The fruit is said to be edible. The name Champàca is oblong, acuminated at both ends, under surface at the nerves as
derived from Ciampa an island between Camboge and Cochin- well as petioles, spaths, and young twigs clothed with yellowish-
china where the tree grows. The island is also called Tsampa, brown pubescence; outer petals spatulate, blunt. h.S. Na-
hence also M. Tsiampàca.
tive of Java, and now cultivated in the Mauritius.
Champawk. Fl. throughout the year. Clt. 1779. Tree 30- Rufous-nerved-leaved Michelia. Tree 30 feet.
40 feet.
10 M. PUBINE'RVIA (Blum. bijdr. 1. p. 8. fl.jav. fasc. 19. t. 4.)
2 M. Ki’sopa (Hamilt. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 448. Wall. tent. leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, with the veins beneath and
fl. nap. t. 4.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth ; the spaths clothed with rufous-villi; outer petals spatulate, ob-
flowers stalked; anthers erect, acute; flower-buds villous. h. G. tuse. H.S. Native of Java. M. rufinérvia, Spreng. syst.
Native of Nipaul at Harain-Hetty, where it is called Kisopa. app. p. 217. Flowers pale copper-coloured, sweet-scented.
Very like M. Champaca, but differing in the leaves being more Blume's Michelia. Tree 50-60 feet.
coriaceous and never drawn out along the petioles. Petals 9, 11 M. LANUGINO'SA (Wall. tent. Al. nap. t. 5.) leaves oblong,
more oblong and more acute. The fleshy part of the seed acute, clothed with dense wool on the under surface as well as
is aromatic. Flowers stalked, pale yellow, not above one half the buds; flowers many-petalled. H. S. Native of Nipaul.
the size of those of M. Champaca, and hardly sweet-scented. Flowers large, pale yellow, very fragrant.
M
VOL. I.-PART I.

82
MAGNOLIACEAE. VIII. MAGNOLIA.
.
Var. Y,
E
Woolly Michelia. Tree 60 feet.
Exmouth Magnòlia. It is hardier than the other varieties, and
12 M. PARVIFLO'RA (Rumph. amb. 2. p. 199. D. C.
D. C. syst. 1.
flowers earlier.
p. 449.) leaves elliptical, a little acuminated, smooth; branchlets, Var. ?, ferruginea (Sims, bot. mag. 1952.) leaves oblong-lan-
buds, and spaths clothed with rufous tomentum. h.s. Native ceolate, under surface rusty ; flowers somewhat contracted.
of the islands of Java and Ternata. Del. icon. sel. 1. t. 85. This variety flowers at a smaller size than the otủer varieties.
Blum. Al. jav. fasc. 19. p. 18. M. fuscàta, Spreng. Magnòlia Var. ε, lanceolàta ; leaves oblong-lanceolate ; flowers some-
parviflora, D. C. syst. 1. p. 459. Flowers small, of a livid flesh what contracted. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 329. M.
colour, or cream-coloured, sweet-scented. Peduncles axillary, grandiflòra, Andr. bot. rep. 518.
solitary, 1-flowered. Petals 6, inner ones broadest.
Great-flowered or Great Laurel-leaved Magnolia. Clt. 1737.
Small-flowered Michelia. Shrub 7-10 feet.
Fl. June, Aug. Tree 70 feet.
2 M. GLAU'CA (Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 755.) almost deciduous ;
† Species scarcely known.
leaves elliptical, obtuse, under surface glaucous ; flowers 9-12-
13 M. CÆRU'LEA (Rumph. amb. 2. p. 199.) Þ.S. Native
petalled, contracted; petals ovate, concave. h. H. Native of
of Java, where it is called Tsiampacca-Biru. Flowers blue.
North America in low, moist, swampy ground at a little distance
Blue-flowered Michelia. Tree 30 feet.
from the sea, from Massachusetts to Florida and Louisiana, espe-
14 M. A’LBA (Rumph. amb. 2. p. 199.). n. S. Native of cially in New Jersey and Carolina. Schkuhr. handb. no. 1441.
p
F.
Java and Baleya. Flowers white, smaller and more pleasant than
t. 148. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 215. Sims, bot. mag. 2164.
2164. Mich.
those of M. Champàca.
f. arb. amer. 3. p. 77. t. 2. Duham. abr. ed. nov. vol. 2. p. 223.
White-flowered Michelia. Tree 20 feet.
t. 66. Bonpl. nav. p. 103. t. 42. Bigl. med. bot. t. 27. M.
Cult. Michelia is a genus of highly ornamental trees. They fràgrans, Sal. prod. 379. M. Virginiana, var. a, glaúca, Lin.
succeed well in a mixture of loam and peat. Ripened cuttings spec. ed. 1. p. 538. Fruit red when ripe.
do best in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. They take well
Var.B, argéntea; leaves oblong, under surface silvery, whitish-
and grow freely, inarched on the common Purple Magnòlia, glaucous. Pursh. in herb. Lamb.
which is the readiest way of propagating them. (Sweet.)
Thomsoniana (Hort. ulan.) a hybrid between M.
glaúca ,
VIII: MAGNO'LIA (in honour of Pierre Magnol, professor slauca and M. umbrélla, raised from seed by Mr. Thomson, of
. Mile
of Medicine, and prefect of the Botanic Garden at Montpelier, Var. d, Gordoniàna (Hort.) hybrid.
died 1715, author of Botanicum Monspeliense, 1676, and other Var. £, Burchellidna (Hort.) hybrid.
works). Lin. gen. no. 690. Gart. fruct. 1. p. 343. t. 70. Juss.
The bark of this tree has a bitter taste, combined with a strong
gen. 281. Lam. ill. t. 490. D. C. syst. 1. p. 449. prod. 1. p. 79.
.
aromatic
pungency, which approaches that of Sassafras. The
LIN. SYST.
Polyándria, Polygynia. Carpels disposed in
aroma resides in a volatile portion, which is probably an essential
crowded spikes, opening by the external angle, 1-2-seeded, per-
oil, or a variety of camphor. It is lost from the bark in a dry
manent. Seeds baccate, somewhat cordate, pendulous, hanging
Water distilled from the green bark has its peculiar
out beyond the capsules by a very long umbilical thread. Sepals 3. flavour, with an empyreumatic smell. The dry bark affords a
A genus of highly ornamental trees. The leaves are large and
little resin, and more of a bitter extractive substance.
entire. The flowers are solitary, terminal, very large and odo- medicinal article Magnolia is to be considered an aromatic tonic,
riferous. The bark is bitter and aromatic, tonic and febrifuge. approaching in its character to Cascarilla Canella, &c. Chronic
Seeds also bitter and often febrifuge. Capsules aromatic. rheumatism is one of the diseases in which it exhibits most effi-
Sect. I. MAGNOLIA'STRUM (from Magnolia and astrum, and cacy, all parts of the plant are employed in tincture with very
affixed signification like; that is to say, the true Magnolias). good success in this disease. In intermittent and remittent fevers
D. C. syst. 1. p. 450. prod. 1. p. 80.
. 450. prod. 1. p. 80. American species, with the bark is one of the many tonics which have been resorted to
one spath-like bractea, inclosing the flower-bud; ovaries approxi-
-
for the cure of the inhabitants of the marshy countries of North
mate; anthers bursting outwards.
America. Sufficient testimony has been given in its favour as to
1 M. GRANDIFLORA (Lin. spec. 755.) evergreen ; leaves oval- warrant a belief that it is fully adequate to the removal of fever
oblong, coriaceous, upper surface shining, under surface rusty; and ague, when administered like the Cinchòna in liberal quan-
flowers erect, 9-12-petalled, expanded. h. H. Native of tities between the paroxysms. Several other species of Magnolia
North America in forests, in marshy places from North Carolina resemble the present very closely in their sensible properties,
to Louisiana. Lam. ill. 490. Savi. bibl. ital. 1819, no. 47. and as far as have been tried they are similar in their medicinal
p. 219. Mich. f. arb. amer. 3. p. 71. t. 1. Duham. arb. ed. nov. effects. In order to secure the whole efficacy residing in these
vol. 2. p. 219. t. 65.
.
trees, a tincture should be made from the bark or cones while
This very stately, elegant, evergreen tree rises in its native green, or very recently dried, before their more volatile parts
country to the height of 70 or 80 feet, dividing into many
have escaped.
branches, which form a large pyramidal head. Leaves resembling This tree usually grows 15 or 20 feet high. The flowers are
those of the common Laurel, pale green and shining, about 10 white or cream-coloured, and have an agreeable sweet scent.
inches long. Flowers large, white, sweet-scented. Fruit ovate, In America this tree is known by the names of White Laurel,
4 inches long, resembling a cone. It should be planted in a Swamp Laurel, Swamp Sassafras, Sweet Bay, and Beaver Tree.
sheltered situation, as it is much more tender than the other Ame- It has the last name, because the root is eaten as a great dainty
rican species.
In America it flowers the greater part of the sum- by beavers, and this animal is caught by means of it. Kalm
mer, beginning in May; with us it does not begin till June. says these trees may be discovered at a distance of 3 miles by the
Var. a, rotundifolia (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 11.) leaves roundish. scent of their blossoms, if the wind be favorable. It is beyond
Var. ß, obovata ; leaves obovate-oblong; flowers expanded. description pleasant to travel in the woods at the flowering season,
Hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 329. In Carolina this variety is especially in the evening. They retain their flowers for
3 weeks,
known by the name of Big Laurel.
and even longer. The berries also look very handsome, when
Var. Y, elliptica ; leaves oblong-elliptical ; flowers somewhat they are ripe, being of a rich red colour, and hanging in bunches
y
contracted. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 329. Lodd. bot. on slender threads. The inhabitants cure coughs and other pec-
cab. 814. Mill. icon. vol. 2. t. 172. This variety is called the toral diseases by putting these berries into brandy, and giving a
state.
As a
.
a

MAGNOLIACEÆ. VIII. MAGNOLIA.
83
draught of the liquor every morning. The wood is made use of leaves smooth, the same colour on both surfaces, spatulate-obo-
for joiners' planes. Dillenius remarks that the flower never vate, cordate at the base; auricles spreading; sepals 3, spread-
opens in the morning, that the calyx falls off at the second
open- ing; petals 9-lanceolate, pointed. h. H. Native of the western
ing of the flower, but that the petals dry on, and that the scent re- parts of Carolina and Georgia. Ker. bot. reg. 407. Very like
sembles that of the Lily of the Valley, with a mixture of aromatic. M. auriculàta, but it grows in a more pyramidal form, as well as
Glaucous-leaved or Deciduous Swamp Magnolia. Fl. May, differing as above, and the leaves are not above half the size.
June. Clt. 1688. Tree 15 or 20 feet.
Pyramidal Magnolia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1811. Tree 30 ft.
3 M. LONGIFO'LIA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 11.) evergreen ; leaves
p
8 M. MACROPHY'LLA (Mich. fl
. bor. amer. 1. p. 327. f. arb.
elliptical, acute at both ends, under surface glaucous : flowers amer. 3. p. 79. t. 7.) deciduous; leaves very large, oblong-obo-
9-12-petalled, contracted; petals ovate, concave. M. glauca B, vate, somewhat panduriform, cordate at the base, under surface
longifolia, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 251, Pursh. fl. amer. whitish-glaucous ; petals 6-9, ovate. h.H. Native of North
sept. 2. p. 381. ħ.H. Native of Florida and Georgia. Flowers
.
America in moist, swampy, shady places, about Lincolton in
white, and sweet-scented. This is a very handsome tree. upper Carolina, and in the deep forests of Tennassee. Sims,
Long-leaved or Evergreen Swamp Magnolia. May, June. bot. mag. 2189. Bonpl. nav. t. 33. A beautiful tree, with
Tree about 30 feet.
white smooth bark. The leaves are from 1 to 3 feet long, and
4 M. UMBREʼLLA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 673.) deciduous; leaves from 8 to 10 inches broad. The flowers are white and purple
lanceolate, spreading, adult ones smooth, younger ones pubescent at the base, sweet-scented, 8 or 10 inches in diameter.
underneath ; petals 9-12, exterior ones pendent. h.H. Na- Long-leaved Magnolia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1800. Tree 35 ft.
tive of North America on wooded mountains from New York to 9 M. CORDA'TA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 328. f. arb. amer. 3.
Carolina and Georgia, as well as Virginia. M. tripétala, Lin. p. 87. t. 7.) deciduous; leaves heart-shaped, somewhat ovate,
spec. ed. 2. p. 756. Mich. f. arb. amer. 3. p. 90. t. 5. Pursh. acute, under surface tomentose, upper surface smooth ; petals
fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 381. M. frondosa, Sal. prod. 379. Leaves 6-9, oblong. h. H. Native of North America along the
from 1 to 2 feet long, placed at the ends of the branches in a cir- sunny banks of the river Savannah in Upper Georgia and Upper
cular manner, somewhat like an umbrella, whence its name Carolina. Ker. bot. reg. t. 325. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 474. A
Umbrella Tree. It is called Elk-wood in the mountains of Vir- tree with chinky bark. The leaves are from 4 to 6 inches long,
ginia. The wood is soft and spongy. The flowers are 2 or 3 and from 3 to 5 broad. The flowers are erect and yellow lined
inches in diameter, white and sweet-scented but heavy.
with purple, about 4 inches in diameter.
Umbrella Magnolia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. Tr. 35 ft. Heart-leaved Magnolia. Fl. April, Jul. Tree 40 to 50 feet.
5 M. ACUMINA'TA (Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 756.) deciduous; leaves
oval, acuminate, under surface pubescent; flowers 6-9-petalled. SECT. II. GWILLI'MIA (General Gwillim, sometime governor of
h. H. Native of North America from Pennsylvania to Caro- Madras). Rottler. in D. C. syst. 1. p. 455. prod. 1. p. 81. Asiatic
lina in mountain valleys in a fertile soil. Mich. f. arb. amer, 3. species, generally with two opposite spath-like bracteas inclosing
p. 82. t. 3. Lodd. bot. cab. 418. Sims, bot. mag. 2427. Pursh. A. the flower-bud ; anthers bursting inwards; ovaries somewhat
amer. sept. 2. p. 381. The flowers are yellowish, mixed with distant. Perhaps the species of this section with 1 bractea
faint blue, bluish, or pea-green, 3 or 4 inches in diameter, scarcely should have been given among the Michelias ? It is, however,
scented, not remarkable for their beauty. The fruit is about 3 ' evident that none of them are true Magnolias.
inches long, somewhat resembling a small cucumber, whence the 10 M. EXCE'LSA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. t. 2.) leaves ob-
inhabitants of North America call it Cucumber tree, and is used long-elliptical, acuminated, glaucous, and netted with veins
by them as a wholesome bitter. The wood is of a fine grain, beneath ; buds bearded with rusty hairs; flowers axillary, soli-
and orange-coloured. There is a tincture prepared from the fruit tary, 12-petalled ; carpels globose, remote, 1-seeded. ñ . G.
of this tree which has some reputation for removing attacks of Native of Nipaul on Sheopore. A magnificent tree, bearing
rheumatism.
large, white, sweet-scented flowers. The wood of this tree is
Var. B, Candóllii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 80. 85.) leaves ovate, ob- greatly prized by the inhabitants of Nipaul at Patma, where it is
long, acute; flowers greenish. M. de Candóllii, Savi, bibl. ital. employed in joinery, and is commonly sold under the name of
1819. no. 47. p. 224. with a figure.
Champ. The colour of this wood is at first greenish but chang-
Pointed-leaved Magnolia Fl. May, July. Clt. 1736. Tree
.
ing to a fine yellow colour, with a very fine grain.
30 to 60 feet.
Lofty Magnolia. Tree 50 to 80 feet.
6 M. AURICULA'TA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 673.) deciduous; leaves 11 M. YU'LAN (Desf. arb. 2. p. 6.) deciduous;
6.) deciduous; leaves obovate,
smooth, under surface somewhat glaucous, spatulately-obovate, abruptly acuminated, younger ones pubescent, expanding after
cordate at the base, with blunt, approximate auricles ; sepals 3, the flowers ; flowers erect, 6-9-petalled; styles erect. Þ.H.
spreading ; petals 9, oblong. h. H. Native of North Ame- Native of China. Bonpl. nav. p. 53. t. 20. M. prècia, Correa
rica in the Alleghany Mountains from the head waters of the in Vent. malm. no. 24. M. conspícua, Sal.
M. conspícua, Sal. par. lond. 38. t. 38.
Susquehanna to Carolina. M. auricularis, Sal.
M. auricularis, Sal. par. lond. t. 43. Sims, bot. mag. 1621. A very shewy tree about 30 or 40 feet
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1206. Mich. f. arb. amer. 3. p. 94. t. 7. high, but only grows to the height of 8 or 10 feet in the gardens
.
Andr. bot. rep. t. 573. Pursh. f. amer. sept. 2. p. 382.
2 382. M. of Europe, covered with innumerable sweet-scented flowers,
Frasèri, Watī. fl. carol. 159. icon. A tree from 40 to 50 feet which are white, and sometimes suffused with purple, expanded
high, with spongy wood. The bark of this and the greater part throughout the day-time.
throughout the day-time. This species is hardy in our climate,
of the foregoing species, is esteemed a valuable medicine in and is at an early age covered with blossoms from February to
North America, particularly in intermittent fevers, from which April
, though the severe east winds often injure its beauty, unless
circumstance it is known in some places by the name of Indian it be protected or planted in a conservatory. Yu-lan is the
Physic. The flowers are erect, of a yellowish white colour, and name of the tree in China, where it has been cultivated since the
remarkably sweet-scented, 3 or 4 inches in diameter. The fruit
is rose-coloured. This tree will blossom when very young. Yulan Magnolia. Fl. Feb. April. Clt. 1789. Tree 40 to 50 ft.
Eared-leaved Magnolia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1786. Tree 12 M. KO'BUS (D.C. syst. 1. p. 456.) deciduous; leaves obovate,
40 to 50 feet.
acuminated at both ends, produced after the flowers, younger
7 M. PYRAMIDA'TA (Bartr. itin. ed. germ. 390.) deciduous; ones pubescent underneath, adult ones smooth; flowers erect of
a
year 627.
1
M 2

84
MAGNOLIACEÆ. VIII. MAGNOLIA.
B.G.
.
h. H.
3 sepals and 6 petals; styles reflèxed. ħ. H. Native of the and with the sepals green on the outside. Seeds red. Strobile
island of Nipon in Japan. M. gracilis, Sal. par. t. 87. Kòbus,
t. 87. Kòbus, winged. Anthers red and yellowish. The tree is called Doolee
Banks, icon. Kæmpf. t. 42. M. glaúca, var. a, Thunb. fl. jap. champa in Silhet. Perhaps a species of Talàuma.
236. M. tomentosa, Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 336? About Wing-fruited Magnolia. Fl. April, May. Tree 40 feet.
the size of a cherry tree, with rough bark which smells like 17 M. INODO'RA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 459.) leaves ovate, acumi-
camphor. The flowers are erect and solitary, with the outside nated, smooth; peduncles terminal, 1-flowered, crowded ; petals
purple and the inside white. Ovaries purple. A very orna- 6, thick, conniving into a tube, reflexed at the apex.
mental tree, requiring protection against frost when in flower, as Native of China in fields near Canton. Liriodendron liliífera,
the flowers are apt to be hurt by it. Kobus, or Side Kobusi, is Lour. coch. ed. Willd. 1. p. 424. but not of Lin. Sampàca mon-
the name of the tree in Japan.
tàna, Rumph. amb. 2. p. 204. t. 69 ? A middle-sized tree, with
Kobus or Slender Magnolia. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1804. large pale scentless campanulate flowers.
Tree 10 feet.
Scentless-flowered Magnolia Tree 16 feet.
.
13 M. OBOVA'TA (Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 336.) deci- 18 M.? co'co (D. C. syst. 1. p. 459.) leaves ovate, quite
duous; leaves obovate, acute, reticulately-veined, almost smooth; entire, shining; flowers solitary ; sepals 3, oblong, and are as
flowers erect, of 3 sepals and 6 obovate petals ; styles very short. well as the petals incurved; petals 6, fleshy; ovaries 8. h. G.
Þ.H. Native of Japan, but cultivated both in the gardens of Native of Cochin-China, Macao, and Canton, where it is culti-
China and Japan as an ornament.
vated in the gardens for the beauty and scent of the flowers,
Var. a, denudata (Lam. dict. 3. p. 675.) flowering branches Liriodendron còco, Lour. coch. ed. Willd. 1. p. 424. Flowers
without leaves ; petals obovate. h. H.-Banks, icon. Kæmpf. very large and pure white, with an exquisite scent. The flower-
t. 43. Native of the island of Nipon in Japan. M. glaúca, bud before opening is roundish, and is likened to the coco-nut,
-
var. B, Thunb. jap. p. 236. Flowers red.
whence its name about Macao Fula-coco.
Var. B, discolor (Vent. malm. 24. t. 24.) flowering branches Coco-nut-like-budded Magnolia. Shrub 5 feet.
.
leafy; petals obovate of two colours. . H. M. purpurea, 19 M. Figo (D. C. syst. 1. p. 460.) leaves lanceolate, quite
Curt. bot. mag.
. t. 390. Andr. bot. rep. t. 324. Flowers purple entire, shining, reflexed-incurved; flowers solitary; petals 6,
outside but whitish inside.
ovate-oblong, erect; ovaries 40 or 50. h. G. Native of
Var. 7, liliiflora (Lam. dict. 3. p. 657.) flowering branches China, where it is also cultivated, especially about Macao and
leafy : petals oblong, white on both sides.-Banks, icon. Kæmpf. Canton. Liriodendron Fìgo, Lour. coch. ed. Willd. 1.
p.
424.
t. 44.
Native of China. Flowers white.
Michèlia Figo, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 643. Flowers solitary, pale,
This shrub has a very elegant and shewy appearance when in spotted with red on the inside, sweet-scented. There is only
flower; at this time it requires to be protected from the frosts one bractea inclosing the flower-bud, therefore this plant may
during night' by a mat, as the flowers are apt to be hurt. The be a species of Michèlia. The shrub is called Fula-Figo by the
only variety that has as yet been introduced to our gardens is inhabitants of Macao.
var. B. This shrub appears to most advantage in a conservatory. Fula-Figo. Shrub 4 feet.
Obovate-leaved or Purple Magnolia. Fl. Mar, April, May. Cult. The hardy species are chiefly from North America,
Clt. 1790. Shrub 5 feet.
but some of the Chinese kinds endure our winter tolerably well;
14 M. SOULANGEA'NA (Ann. hort. soc. par. pt. 2. ex Sou- they should be planted in conspicuous situations, as they are
lange Bodin. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 260.) deciduous : leaves obo- handsome shrubs, and flower abundantly when of sufficient size.
vate, abruptly acuminated, veiny, pubescent on both surfaces ; M. glaúca and M. longifolia like a peat soil, and a moist situa-
sepals 3 ; petals 6. ħ. H. or F. Lindl. bot. reg. 1164. This tion. The species are generally increased by layers put down in
is a hybrid, raised from the seed of M. Yulan by M. Soulange spring or autumn, or by seeds procured from the places of their
Bodin, the other parent is supposed to be M. obovata, var. B, natural growth. When the layers are first taken off, they should
discolor. The flowers are of six obovate, expanded, whitish be potted in a mixture of loam and peat, and placed in a close
petals tinged with purple. This species requires protection in
protection in frame, till they have taken fresh root. None of the leaves should
severe weather.
be taken off or shortened, nor any roots be cut off or their tops
Soulange Bodin's Magnolia. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1828. shortened, as they will not succeed so well; for the more branches
Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
and leaves are on them the sooner they will strike fresh root.
15 M. FUSCA'TA (Andr. bot. rep. t. 229.) evergreen; leaves The Chinese kinds are often inarched or budded on M. obovata,
elliptical-oblong, adult ones smooth, younger ones as well as which takes readily. The green-house kinds thrive best in peat
branches and petioles covered with brown tomentum; flowers mixed with loam; they are also increased by inarching or bud-
h. F.
Native of China, where it is cultivated for ding on M. obovata, which is one of the readiest growing sorts.
the fragrance of its flowers. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1008. M. fas- M. pumila, fuscata, annonæfolia, and any of the weak growing
ciàta, Vent. malm. no. 24. adn. 2. Flowers small, very fragrant, kinds, strike readily from cuttings taken off as soon as ripe, and
of a dull purple colour.
planted in a pot of sand and placed under a hand-glass.
Var.B, annonæfòlia (Sal. par. lond. no. 5. t. 5.) leaves broader ; The seeds of the North American species are received annually
pedicels a little shorter : flowers more red; anthers more nu- from that country. They should be sown as soon after their
h.G. Native of China.
arrival as possible, in pots or boxes of light rich earth, covering
Var. y, hebeclada (D. C. syst. 1. p. 458.) flowers on shorter them half an inch deep; these may be placed either in a hot-bed
peduncles; branches more velvety-tomentose; leaves shorter. or in a warm sheltered situation, or they may be sown in the
h.G. Native of India.
open ground, and when the plants are of sufficient size they
Brown-flowered Magnolia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1789, B. should be planted out singly in pots, and shaded until they take
1804. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
fresh root; and at the approach of frost they should be sheltered
16 M. PTEROCA'RPA (Roxb. corom. 3. p. 62. t. 266.) leaves by a frame for two or three successive winters, indulging them in
oblong, with tapering base, entire ; flowers terminal, solitary ; the
open air in mild weather. When they are replanted none of
spaths of flower-buds several deciduous; sepals 3, petals 6. the roots nor leaves should be shortened. With regard to the
h.s. Native in the vicinity of Silhet and Chittagong. Flowers disposition of the hardy species, they should have a sheltered
as large as those of M. grandiflora, white, and sweet-scented, sunny situation in conspicuous places. They have a very good
a
a
erect.
merous.
Y
a

MAGNOLIACEÆ. IX. TALAUMA. X. AROMADENDRON.
85
p
effect disposed singly in different parts, as in open places of syst. app. p. 217. Sampaca montàna, Rumph. amb. 2. t. 69.
pleasure-grounds in warm situations.
Flowers pale-yellow or cream-coloured, terminal, sweet-scented.
Rumphius's Taláuma. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1828. Tree 30 feet.
IX. TALA'UMA (Talauma is the aboriginal name of T. Plu- 6 T. MUTA'BILIS (Blum. fl. jav. fasc. 19. p. 35. t. 10.) shrubby;
mièri.) Juss. gen. 281. D. C. syst. 1. p. 460. prod. 1. p. 81.
.
leaves elliptical, acute at both ends, villous on the ribs beneath ;
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Carpels 1 or 2 seeded, flowers of 9 almost equal petals. n. S. Native of Java.
disposed in spikes, joined into strobile-like fruit (f. 22. b.) open- Flowers solitary, drooping, pale-green, tinged with red or purple,
ing irregularly on the outside; seeds in each cell 2, or from at last brownish.
abortion solitary, hanging by a thread. Spath deciduous, cover- Var. B, acuminata (Blum. l. c. p. 36. t. 11.) leaves oval-oblong,
ing the flower-bud before expansion. Sepals 3. Petals 6-12. acuminated, smooth beneath, but the young ones are pubescent
Anthers bursting inwards. Perhaps several of the East India beneath.
species of Magnòlia is referable to this genus. Large trees, Var. y, longifolia (Blum. l. c. p. 37.) leaves oblong or lanceo-
with the habit of Magnòlia, with large terminal solitary flowers late, acuminated at both ends, younger ones puberulous beneath.
,
of 3 sepals and 6-12 petals.
Var. I, spléndens (Blum. l.c. p. 38. t. 12.) leaves oblong,
1 T. PLUMIERA (Swz. prod. 87. fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 997.) acuminated, scarcely acute at the base or roundish, smooth, young
. 2
leaves ovate-roundish, somewhat cuneated at the base ; petals 12, ones covered with silky brown pubescence on the ribs beneath.
thick, oblong, obtuse. h.S. Native of Martinico, Guadeloupe, Changeable Talauma. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
St. Lucy. Magnòlia Plumiera, Swz. prod. 87. fl. ind. occid. 7 T. PU'MILA (Blum. fl. jav. fasc. 19. p. 38. t. 12. C.) leaves
2. p. 997. Annòna dodecapétala, Lam. dict. 2. p. 127. Magnòlia elliptical, acuminated at both ends, smooth, reticulately veined ;
fatíscens, Rich. icon. et descr. ined. T. cærulea, Jaum. fam. nat. flowers drooping, of 6-9 petals. H. S. Native of Amboyna
. h
2. p. 76.
76. A tree from 50 to 80 feet high. Leaves coriaceous, and Java on high mountains. Liriodendron liliífera, Lin. spec.
smooth, reticulately veined, ovate-roundish, somewhat cuneated 755. Magnòlia pumila, Andr. bot. rep. t. 226. Vent. malm. t. 37.
at the base. Flowers large, white, sweet-scented, solitary on Sims, bot. mag. 977. Flowers cream-coloured, very fragrant at
.
the tops of the branches. Fruit, according to Plumier, blue; night. Anthers club-shaped.
according to Swartz sordid-green. The flowers are used by the Dwarf Talauma. Fl. year. Clt. 1786. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
distillers of Martinico to sweeten liquors.
8 T. MEXICA'NA ; leaves oval, tapering a little at the base,
Var. B, longifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 82.) leaves obovate-ob- blunt; flowers 9-petalled, expanded; petals ovate, flat. h. S.
long. h. S. Native of Dominica.
Native of Mexico. Yolóxochitl Aristòchyea, Hern. mex. with
Plumier's Talauma. Tree 50 to 60 feet.
a figure. Magnòlia grandiflora, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. descr.
2 T. ova'ta (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1.
FIG. 22.
ined. with a figure. Magnòlia Mexicana, D. C. syst. 1. p. 451.
p. 26. t. 4. f. A.) leaves ovate, blunt-
Magnolia glauca, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers
ish; flowers of 6-petals. h. S.
large, white,
but purplish inside, sweet-scented.
Native of Brasil in the western part
Mexican Talauma. Tree 50 feet.
of the province of Minas Geraes in
9 T. RoxbU'RGHII; leaves oblong-elliptical, tapering to both
marshes. Magnòlia ovata, Spreng.
ends a little, but obtuse at the point, coriaceous, feather-nerved,
syst. app. 217. Leaves 5-7 inches
prominently reticulated, smooth on both surfaces, shining above.
long and 3-4 broad. Petals 20 lines
Sepals 3; petals 6 ; spath 1-leaved, inclosing the flower-bud.
long, white. Sepals rather glau-
Native of the East Indies. Liriodendron grandi-
cous. (f. 22. a.)
flòrum, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 43. Flowers probably white; sepals
Ovate-leaved Talauma.
Tree
and petals coriaceous and obtuse. Perhaps a species of Magnòlia.
20 feet.
Roxburgh's Talauma. Tree 50 feet.
3 T. SellowIA'NA, (St. Hil. fl.
Cult. Talauma is a genus of magnificent trees and shrubs,
bras. 1. p. 26. t. 4. f. B.) leaves ob-
resembling Magnòlias. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, will
ovate-round, very blunt, but acute
suit them well. They may be increased by layers or inarching
at the base; flowers of 6-petals.
on Magnòlia obovata, and ripened cuttings of most of the species
h.s. Native of Brasil in woods
will root if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-
not far from the town called Sorocaba. Magnòlia Selloi,
Magnòlia Sellòi, glass, in heat. The leaves should not be shortened t.
Spreng. syst. app. 216. Leaves 3-5 inches long, and 3-4
broad. Petals 14-16 lines long, white. Sepals rather glaucous X. AROMADE'NDRON (from apwua, aroma, fragrance ;
(f. 22. b.).
devopov, dendron, a tree; the flowers are very sweet-scented,
Sello's Talauma. Fl. Jan. Tree 50 feet.
and diffuse their fragrance to a considerable distance.) Blum.
4 T. CANDOʻLLII (Blum. bijdr. A. ned. ind. 1. p. 9. fl. Jav. bijdr. fl. ind. ned. 1. p. 10. fl. jav. fasc. 19. p. 25. t. 7 and 8.
fasc. 19. p. 32. t. 9.) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends ; LIN. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Calyx of 1 spathaceous
flowers 9-12-petalled, outer ones short; peduncles 1-flowered, leaf. Petals very narrow and very numerous, about 28, disposed in
rather drooping, and are as well as the petioles of the younger a quaternary order. Stamens numerous, awl-shaped; anthers burst-
leaves clothed with rufous villi ; stem shrubby. 4.5. Native ing outwardly. Carpels 2-seeded, joined together into egg-shaped
of Java. Magnòlia odoratíssima, Reinw. ined. Magn. pùmila, ligneous fruit. A large lofty elegant tree, with oblong-lanceolate
Spreng. exclusive of the synonyms. Flowers large, cream-co- distich leaves, and terminal, solitary, large, white, very fragrant
loured.
flowers, at length changing to a straw-colour. This genus is
Var. B, latifòlia (Blum. I. c.) leaves broader, and less atten- easily distinguished from Talàuma by the number of the petals.
uated at the base.
1 A. E'LEGANS (Blum. bijdr. 1. p. 10. fl. jav. l. c.) Þ.S.
De Candolle's Talauma. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1828. Shrub 6 ft. Native of Java on the mountains. The wood of this tree is ex-
5 T. Ru’MPHII (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. 1. p. 10. fi.jav. fasc. cellent, of a fine grain, and is used in Java for many purposes.
19. p. 39.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, very much acuminated; pe- The bark is a grateful aromatic bitter, and is an excellent sto-
duncles 1-flowered erect. Stem arboreous; petals 6.
ad
h. S.
.
machic.
Native of Java and the Moluccas. Magnòlia Rúmphii, Spreng. Elegant Aroma-tree. Tree 80 to 140 feet.
h. s.

86
MAGNOLIACEÆ. XI. LIRIODENDRON. ANONACEÆ.
a
;
a
Cult. As this elegant tree has not yet been introduced into f. 23. a.) rarely quadrifid. Petals 3 (f. 23. b.) or 6 (f. 25. b.)
the gardens the mode of treating it is unknown. However,
unequal, disposed in a ternary order in a single or double
should it be, we would recommend its being grown in a mix-
series. Stamens indefinite, adpressed, usually covering the
ture of loam, peat, and sand. For the manner in which we re-
commend increasing it see Michèlia t.
hemispherical disk (f. 24. b.). Anthers almost sessile, tetra-
gonal, sometimes nectariferous, bursting outwards or inwards.
XI. LIRIODE'NDRON (from lɛtplov, leirion, a lily; dɛv- Ovaries numerous (f. 24. f. f. 25. c.) crowded, aggregate (f. 25.
dpov, dendron, a tree; because the tree bears flowers resembling c.) or joined (f. 23. d.) very rarely solitary from abortion, bac-
the lily, but more like the tulip.) Lin. gen. no. 689. Juss. gen. cate (f. 23. d.) or capsular (f. 25. c.) one or many-seeded, ses-
281. Gært, fruct. 2. p. 475. t. 178. Lam. ill. t. 491. D. C. syst.
sile or stipitate, sometimes coadunate. Seeds fixed to the inner
1. p. 461.
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Carpels 1-2-seeded, angle of the carpels, disposed in 1 or 2 rows, but often solitary.
LINSYST
disposed in spikes, indehiscent, deciduous, drawn out into a wing Albumen hard, fleshy, pierced by the substance of the seed-coat
at the apex. Calyx of 3 deciduous sepals. Corolla of 6 petals, in every direction. Embryo minute, located in the umbilical re-
conniving into a bell-shaped flower.
gion of the albumen.
1 L. TULIPIFERA (Lin. spec. 755.) Þ.H. Native of North
Trees or shrubs mostly natives within the tropics, with alter-
America in swampy places. Mich. f. arb. amer. 3. p. 202. t. 5.
Duham. arb. ed. nov. vol. 3. p. 61. t. 18. Curt. bot.
Curt. bot. mag. 275.
nate, simple, feather-nerved, entire, or hardly toothed, sessile, or
Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 93. t. 147. Bigel. amer. med. bot. t. 31.
. Bigel. amer. med. bot. t. 31. stalked leaves ; young ones pubescent, conduplicate before ex-
L. pròcerum, Sal. prod. 379. Tulipífera lyriodendron, Mill. dict. pansion, without stipulas. Peduncles axillary, lateral or opposite
no. 1. A tall elegant deciduous tree, very commonly cultivated,
the leaves, usually furnished with bracteas, and shorter than the
particularly in the South of Europe, in avenues. Leaves smooth, leaves, one or many-flowered. This order agrees
with Magnolià-
truncate at the top, 4-lobed, resembling a saddle in shape. Flowers
large, solitary, terminal, variegated with green yellow and orange-
ceæ, in the ternary disposition of the parts of the flower, and in the
colour, furnished with two deciduous bracteas under the flowers. adnate anthers, but differs from it in the absence of stipulas, and
The bark of the Tulip-tree has a very bitter taste, and strong in the very different form of the seeds and anthers; and from
aromatic
pungency. The latter property appears to reside in a Menispermàceæ in the stamens being indefinite, not definite, as
volatile oil. When the bark is distilled with water it fills the apart-
well as in the very different structure of its fruit. The genus Eu-
ment with its fragrant odour. A bitter resin exists in a small
quan-
tity in the bark. The bark both of the root and branches act pamàtia of R. Brown differs from all the other genera, particu-
on the system as a stimulating tonic and diaphoretic, having pro- larly in the perigynous insertion of its stamina: it ought, there-
perties resembling the Cascarilla. The disease in which it has fore, to be excluded from this order, and placed in the subclass
been most employed is intermittent fever. As a warm sudorific
the bark has been employed with success by various practitioners esteemed as an article for the dessert, especially that of the Cheri-
Calyciflòra. The fruit of many species of Anòna are highly
in the United States of America in chronic rheumatism.
The wood of this tree is smooth and fine grained, very easily moyer, which has the reputation of being the finest fruit in the
wrought and not liable to split. It is used for various kinds of world next to that of the Mangosteen. The seeds of the dry-
carving and ornamental work, and for articles of house-furniture. fruited species are highly aromatic, acrid, pungent, and stimulating,
Michaux says, that the joinery or inside-work of the houses in
as well as the roots, bark and leaves, those of one Uvaria, furnish
the western states of North America is most frequently of this
material. The common use it is put to is in the manufacture of
the Pèper Æthiópicum of the shops. In Brasil the bark of Xylòpia
carriages, to form the pannels of coach and chaise bodies. For
sericea is used for cordage, for which it is admirably adapted.
this purpose it is particularly fitted by its smoothness, flexibility, The genus Asimina is the only one which contains any hardy
and toughness.
species. The seeds of the fleshy fruited species retain the power
Obs. There are two varieties of this tree; the one called
white-wood or white poplar, and the other yellow-wood or yellon in a living state from any part of the world, but the seeds of
of vegetating a considerable time, hence they are easily introduced
poplar, in America ; the first has the lobes of its leaves acute, and
is called var, acutiloba by Mich. The second has blunt lobes, those species having dry fruit are difficult to introduce, as they
and is called var. obtusiloba by Mich.
retain their vegetative power but for a very short time.
Tulip-bearing Lily-tree, Tulip-tree or Saddle-tree. Fl. June, § 1. Anòneæ. Carpels unilocular, joined together into a many-
July. Clt. 1663. Tree 60 feet.
Cult. The Tulip-tree requires to be a considerable size be-
celled fruit (f. 23. d.)
fore it will flower; it is well adapted to grow singly on lawns,
&c., and is generally increased by seeds imported from its
1 Ano'NA. Carpels or cells of the fruit 1-seeded. Calyx of
natural place of growth; these should be sown about the month 3-sepals (f. 23. a.) which are connected a little at the base.
of March in a light richish soil in a situation exposed to the sun, Petals 3 (f. 23. b.) or 6.
covering them about half an inch deep; they usually remain two 2 ROLLI NIA. Carpels or cells of fruit 1-seeded, scaly (f. 24.
years in the ground before they come up, though some few of
them will
the first
f.). Calyx 3-parted (f. 24. a.). Corolla monopetalous, globose
vegetate
3
year.
(f. 24, d.), 6-lobed, with 3 wings on the back (f. 24. e.).
ORDER IV. ANONACEÆ (shrubs agreeing with Anòna in
many important characters.) Rich. anal. 17. D. C. theor. 213.
2. Monodòrea. Fruit solitary, or many-celled.
syst. 1. p. 463. prod. 1. p. 83. Dunal, mon. 1817. Anònæ, Juss. 3 MONODO'RA. Fruit solitary, globose, smooth, fleshy, with
numerous seeds imbedded in the pulp. Calyx 3-sepalled. Pe-
-
Parts of flowers imbricate in the bud. Calyx trifid (f. 24. a.
tals 6.
gen. 283.
1

ANONACEÆ. I. ANONA.
87
4 EU POMA TIA. Fruit solitary, many-celled, many-seeded. tries. The genus has derived its English name, custard-apple,
from the consistence of the fruit of several species.
Calyx in the form of a calyptra before the flower expands.
Stamens numerous, perigynous, inner ones of the form of petals.
§ 1. Petals concave, thick, cordate, and ovate.
Petals wanting.
* Outer petals acute, inner ones blunt, a little smaller than the
outer ones.
§ 3. Unònea. Carpels numerous, distinct (f. 25. c.).
1 A. MURICA'TA (Lin. spec. 756.) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
5 Asimi'NA. Carpels 3, rarely 4-6, sessile, ovate-oblong,
ASIMI'NA
smooth, somewhat shining; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered ; outer
fleshy, many-seeded; seeds in one row. Calyx 3-parted. Pe- petals cordate, acuminated, inner ones blunt; fruit muricated,
tals 6.
with fleshy points. . S. Native of the West Indies, and in
6 Porce'lla. Carpels 3-6, sessile, cylindrical, somewhat many other places in South America, and now cultivated almost
6
every where within the tropics. Jacq. obs. 1. p. 10. t. 5. Sloan.
fleshy, many-seeded ; seeds in two rows. Sepals 3, connected jam. hist. 2. p. 166. t. 225. bad. Flowers green on the outside,
,
together a little at the base. Petals 6.
yellow inside and spotted. Bark, leaves, and flowers sweet-
7 Uva'ria. Carpels 6-15, baccate, stipitate, ovate-globose, scented. Wood
Wood very hard. Fruit fleshy, green, eatable, of an
many-seeded ; seeds in two rows. Sepals 3, connected at the
acid taste, and is much used among the negroes in its native
country; it is hardly ever eaten by the better sort of people.
base, Petals 6.
Var. ß, fruit almost spherical, yellow on the outside. Dun.
8 UNO'NA. Carpels 8-30, dry, stipitate, oblong-ovate or mon. anon. p. 62. Plum. amer. t. 143. f. 1. gen. 43. t. 10. Mss.
moniliform, many-seeded. Sepals 3, rarely 4, connected at the 6. t. 114.
base. Petals 6.
Soursoap, or Muricated-fruited Custard-apple. Fl. year.
Clt.
1656. Shrub 15 feet.
9 XYLO'PIA. Carpels 6-20, dry, stipitate, 2-seeded. Calyx
2 A. PURPU'REA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. Dun. mon.
3-5 lobed. Petals 6.
anon. p. 64. t. 2.) leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate, under sur-
10 ORO'PHEA. Carpels 3, seldom 4, (sometimes single from face somewhat rusty; flowers axillary, almost sessile ; outer
abortion) at first connected, but at length diverging, 1-2-seeded, petals cordate, acute, inner ones roundish. n. S. Native of
sessile, cylindrical, baccate. Seeds hanging from the top of the
Mexico. Corolla large, with the outer petals yellowish-brown,
cell. Calyx 3-parted. Petals 6.
and the inner ones purple. Fruit unknown.
11 DUGUE'TIA. Carpels numerous, ovate, 3-5-angled, woody,
Purple-petalled Custard-apple. Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
3 A. HUMBO'LDTII (Dun. mon. anon. p. 64. t. 3.) leaves ob-
1-seeded, seated on thick pedicels. Receptacle large, cylin- long, acuminated, smooth, full of dots; peduncles short, soli-
drical, globose.
tary, axillary nearly sessile, 1-flowered; outer petals ovate,
12 GUATTE`RIA. Carpels 8-40, stipitate (f. 25. c.), ovate or
somewhat heart-shaped, acute, inner ones bluntish. n. S.
globose, dry, 1-seeded. Seed almost filling the cell. Sepals 3
Native of the province of Cumana, where it is called Chilimòlia.
A. Humboldtiàna, Kth. nov. gen. 5. p.
56. The three outer
(f. 25. a.) connected at the base. Petals 6 (f. 25. b.).
petals are yellowish on the outside, and have each a purple spot
13 BOCA'GEA. Ovaries 3, sessile, hardly joined together or on the inside at the base ; the three inner ones are smaller, keeled
completely free, l-celled, 5-6-seeded. Carpels 1-3, distinct,
,
and yellowish on the outside, sprinkled with red spots, and on
rather dry, tubercled, on short stipes, 1-celled, 3-seeded from
the inside purple, with yellow spots.
abortion. Calyx 3-parted, or almost entire and cup-shaped.
Humboldt's Custard-apple. Fl.? Shrub 8 to 15 feet.
4 A. LAURIFOLIA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 65.) leaves ovate-lan-
Petals 6. Stamens 6, not as in the rest numerous.
ceolate, smooth; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, pendulous ;
14 MOLLINEDIA. Carpels baccate, numerous, sessile, com-
outer petals heart-shaped, acute, inner ones roundish, fruit
mammæform, smooth. h.S. Native of the West Indies and
pletely free, on a flat receptacle, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Calyx in the vicinity of the tropic in North America. Cat. carol. 2. p.
turbinate, nearly closed, quadrifid, torn in pieces by the fruit as 67. t. 67. A. glàbra ß, Lam. dict. 2. p. 125. Branches flexuous.
they grow. Petals none.
Leaves like those of the Sweet-Bay. The outer petals are green,
the inner ones are smaller and white. Fruit green, of the form
§ 1. Anòneæ (shrubs agreeing with Anona.) D. C. prod. 1.
of an inverted Pear.
p. 83. Carpels 1-celled, joined into a many-celled single fruit. Laurel-leaved Custard-apple. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 to
12 feet.
I. ANO'NA (Anona is the name applied to these plants by the
natives of St. Domingo; but Rumphius says it comes from its
** Outer petals blunt.
Malay name Manoa, or from its Banda name Menona, but as 5 A. OBTUSIFLORA (Tuss. antil. t. 28.) leaves oblong-lanceo-
the Latin word annona signifies victuals, it is probable that late, waved, acuminated, full of nerves, younger ones tomentose
,
Linnæus had taken it from this.) Adans. fam. p. 365. Dun. adult ones smooth ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ; outer petals
monog. Anon. p. 58. D. C. syst. 1. p. 466. prod. 1. p. 83. Annòna blunt. n. S. Cultivated in St. Domingo, but perhaps origin-
species, Lin. gen. no. 693. Juss. gen. 283. Lam. ill. t. 494. ally from Asia. Dun. mon. anon. p. 65. Leaves distich. Fruit
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Sepals 3, connected at the
,
roundish, tubercled, eatable.
base, concave, somewhat cordate, acutish. Petals 6, thickish, Blunt-flowered Custard-apple. Tree 20 feet.
inner ones smallest (f. 23. b.) or wanting. Anthers indefinite, 6 A. RHOMBIPE’TALA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 489.) leaves
almost sessile, angular, and dilated at the apex, covering the long, obovately-oblong, acuminated, almost sessile : peduncles
torus. ,
Carpels indefinite, sessile, joined into one fleshy, many- aggregate, lateral, 1-flowered; flowers large, hairy ; sepals
, ,
celled fruit (f. 23. d.) with a muricated, scaly, or reticulated ovate; petals 6, inner ones longest, rhomboidal, curved at the
skin, pulpy inside ; cells 1-seeded. The fruit of nearly all the base, and with an obtuse mucrone at the apex; ovary surrounded
species are edible, and are highly esteemed in their native coun- by numerous scales; fruit globose, muricated, or reticulated.

88
ANONACEÆ. I. ANONA.
.
-
a
h.s.
a
Rhomboidal-petalled Custard-apple. Tree.
Guayaquil. A. uliginosa, H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
56.
Flowers yellow, with the three outer petals furnished with a red
*** Petals all acute, inner ones a little smaller. (f. 23. a. b.)
spot on the inside at the base of each. Fruit not eatable.
7 A. SYLVATICA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 32. pl. insu. bras. no. Peruvian Custard-apple. Shrub 16 feet.
29.) leaves large, elliptical, short-pointed, acutish at the base, • 13 A. AUSTRA'lis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 33.) leaves large,
puberulous above, pubescent beneath and full of very minute ovate, very blunt at the base, but pointed at the apex, quite
pellucid dots; fruit bearing peduncles extra-axillary, solitary. smooth ; fruit even. h. S. Native of Brasil in the province
h.s. Native of Brasil in the province of Minas-Geraes. The of St. Catharine ; on the sea-shore very common.
A small tree
fruit ripens in March. It is commonly called Araticu do Mato. quite smooth, except the buds. Leaves 5-6 inches long, and
The fruit is good to eat. The wood is white and compact, about 3 broad. The fruit is mature in April, it is ovate and
tender, and light, and, therefore, is very proper for works of blunt, with a soft compact pulp of the colour of an Apricot, but
sculpture.
of an ungrateful taste. The tree is very like A. palústris, but
Wood Custard-apple. Tree 20 feet.
differs greatly in the size and shape of its leaves.
8 A. PALU'STRIS (Lin.spec. 757.) leaves ovate-oblong, leathery, Southern Custard-apple. Tree 20 feet.
quite smooth ; flowers solitary on peduncles ; petals all acute; 14 A. CORNIFO'LIA (St. Hil. bras. 1. p. 33.) leaves usually
fruit rather areolate. h.s. Native of Jamaica in low moist ovate or obovate, generally finely mucronated, smoothish above,
places, and other parts of South America, near the borders of puberulous and hoary beneath ; middle nerves and parallel lateral
rivers and in marshes. Dun. mon. anon. p. 65.-Pluk. alm. veins rufescent beneath ; peduncles 1-flowered, opposite the
32. t. 240. f. 6.-Sloane, jam. 205. hist. 2. p. 169. t. 228. f. 1. leaves; segments of calyx very short and acuminated.
h.s.
Flowers yellow; the three outer petals are veined on the outside, Native of Brasil in the provinces of St. Paul and Minas Geraes,
but spotted with red on the inside; the three inner ones are where it is called Araticu do Campo. Outer petals broad-ovate,
one-half, smaller than the outer ones, white on the outside, and inner ones oblong-elliptical, usually acuminated. Receptacle
of a dark blood-colour on the inside. Fruit large, smooth, heart- with a circle of villi at the base. Fruit scaly, ovate smooth or
shaped, sweet-scented, of an agreeable taste, but it is said to be villous. Leaves 2-4 inches long, and 1-2 broad. Petals very
a strong narcotic, and is therefore not eaten on that account. It . thick, pubescent, yellow, larger than the calyx. This is cer-
is called in Jamaica Alligator-Apple. The wood is so soft even tainly a very variable shrub.
when dry that it is frequently used by the negroes, instead of Dogwood-leaved Custard-apple. Shrub 15 feet.
corks to stop up their jugs and calabashes, whence it has uni- 15 A. AMBO'TAY (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 616. t. 249.) leaves
versally obtained the name of Cork-wood in Jamaica. In Brasil oblong-elliptical, under surface rusty-tomentose; flowers axil-
it is called Araticu do brejo and Cortissa, where the inhabi- lary, solitary, on very short peduncles; petals all acute.
tants also make corks of the branches. They have also tried to Native of Cayenne in woods. Dun. mon. anon. p. 67. Flowers
make a kind of wine from the fruit.
very small, greenish. Fruit unknown. Ambotay is the name of
Marsh Custard-apple or Cork-wood. Clt. 1788. Tr. 10 to 20 ft. the tree in Guiana.
9 A. co'nica (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 490.) leaves oblong, Ambotay Custard-apple. Fl. Nov. Shrub 8 feet.
or obovate-oblong, acuminated, on slender petioles; peduncles 16 A. PALUDO'SA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 611. t. 246.) leaves
lateral, 3-4-flowered; outer petals lanceolate, long, acute, inner oblong, acute, upper surface somewhat tomentose, under surface
ones small, ovate, acute; fruit long, conical, reticulated, some- silky-tomentose, rufescent, nerved; flowers on short peduncles :
thing like a Cucumber.
petals all acute; fruit ovate, tuberculated. h.s. Native of
h
Conical-fruited Custard-apple. Shrub.
Guiana in marshy places. Dun. mon. anon. p. 68. Flowers
10 A. LONGIFOLIA (Aubl. guian.
FIG. 23.
greenish ; petals silky on the outside. Fruit yellow, eatable.
1. p. 615. t. 248.) leaves oblong,
Marsh Custard-apple. Fl. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1803. Shrub 4 to
acuminated, mucronate, smooth;
5 feet.
flowers axillary, solitary, stalked ;
petals all acute; fruit ovate-globose,
§ 2. Outer petals ovate, concave, acute, coriaceous, inner ones
dotted and reticulated. . S. Na-
wanting. Fruit not sufficiently known, and therefore this section
tive of Guiana on the borders of
of Anòna is only added to the genus from the habit of the
streams, also in the island of Trini-
shrubs.
dad.
Dun. mon.
anon. p. 66.
17 A. ECHINA'TA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 68. t. 4.) leaves ovate-
Flowers large, purplish, inner petals
lanceolate, acutish, upper surface smooth, under surface tomen-
smaller than the
outer ones. Fruit gela-
tose; branches rugose ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered; flowers
tinous, flesh-coloured, eatable.(f.23.)
3-petalled; fruit egg-shaped, echinated. H. S. Native of
Long-leaved Custard-apple. Fl.
Cayenne. Petals leathery.
May. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
.
.
Echinated-fruited Custard-apple. Shrub 12 feet.
11 A. PUNCTATA (Aubl. guian.
18 A. SeriCEA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 69. t. 5.) leaves ovate-
1. p. 614. t. 247.) leaves ovate-ob-
oblong, acuminated, upper surface smooth, under surface as well
long, acute, smooth; flowers axil-
as branches rusty-tomentose or silky; flowers 3-petalled, soli-
lary, solitary, nearly sessile; petals
tary, axillary, stalked, rusty on the outside. ñ . S. Native
all acute ; fruit somewhat globose, covered with dots. n. S. of Cayenne. Flowers nearly like those of A. echinata.
Native of Cayenne in woods, near the borders of streams. Dun. Silky-leaved Custard-apple. Shrub 10 feet.
.
mon. anon. p. 67. Flowers small, yellowish. Fruit fleshy, of
an obscure brown, with red pulp, eatable.
§ 3. Outer petals linear-oblong, narrow, triquetrous at the
Dotted-fruited Custard-apple. Fl. April. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 ft.
apex, somewhat concave at the base, usually closed, concealing
12 A. PERUVIA'NA (H. et B. ined. Dun. mon. anon. p. 67.)
the genitals, inner petals very minute.
leaves oblong-elliptical, acute, a little coriaceous, somewhat de- 19 A. SQUAMO'SA (Lin. spec. 757.) leaves oblong, bluntish,
current; peduncles axillary, bracteolate; petals all acute; fruit smooth, full of pellucid dots, rather glaucous beneath ; outer
globose, reticulated. h.S. Native of Peru in marshes about petals nearly closed; fruit egg-shaped, scaly. ħ. S. Culti-
.

ANONACEÆ. I. ANONA.
89
many other
vated throughout both Indies, but it is very likely originally from late; areolæ gibbous. ħ.S. Native of Martinico and Guiana
South America, where it is also cultivated. Jacq. obs. 1. p. 13. in woods, and also cultivated in the Moluccas. Dun. mon. anon.
t. 6. f. 1. Dun. mon. anon. p. 69. Mill. dict. no. 3. St. Hil. pl. p. 74. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 618. Manòa, Rumph. amb. 1.
. .
p.
136.
usu. bras. t. 30. Atamdram, Rheed. mal. 3. p. 21. t. 29. A. t. 45. This tree is very like A. reticulata in habit and character.
tuberòsa, Rumph. amb. 1. p. 138. t. 46. A. muricata, Vand. The flesh of the fruit is very soft, but possessing an unpleasant
scrip. lus. p. 118. A tree or rather a large shrub. Flowers taste, whence its name in French Guiana Cachiman morveux or
greenish-yellow. Fruit fleshy, covered with tubercular scales,
Cachiman sauvage.
containing a sweet-tasted pulp, which is eaten by the inhabitants Mucous Custard-apple. Fl.? Clt. 1819. Tree 20 feet.
.
of tropical countries. It is commonly called Pinha in Brasil.
Sweetsop or Scaly-fruited Custard-apple. Clt. 1739. Shrub § 4. Outer petals ovate, or oblong-elliptical, obtuse, inner
12 to 20 feet.
ones smaller, lanceolate, bluntish. Calyx coriaceous, trifid,
20 A. Forska'HLII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 472.) leaves oblong, large, somewhat campanulate. Fruit conical, smooth.
somewhat elliptical, smooth, dotted, under surface glaucous;
outer petals oblong, nearly closed. h. S. Native of Egypt. smooth; peduncles opposite the leaves, 2-flowered; fruit conoid,
25 A. GLA'BRA (Lin. spec. 758.) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
A. glabra, Forsk. ægyp. descr. 102. icon. t. 15. A. Asiática, var. blunt, smooth.
blunt, smooth. ħ. H. Native of Carolina, and perhaps also
B, Dun. mon. anon. p. 71. A. Asiática, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 75.
p
.
cultivated in the West Indies.-Cat. carol. 2. p. 64. t. 64. Dun.
A. squamòsa, Delile. ill. fl. ægypt. p. 17. Very like A. squa-
mòsa, but differing in the leaves being more elliptical-oblong like those of Cítrus médica. Calyx brown on the outside.
mon. anon. 1. p. 74. A tree, or rather a large shrub, with leaves
than lanceolate, less pointed, more papyraceous, and distinctly Fruit of a greenish-yellow colour, containing a pulp of the con-
dotted, with the under surface glaucous.
sistence of a ripe pear. This is an eatable fruit, very sweet but
Forskal's, or Egyptian Custard-apple. Shrub 1-2 feet.
somewhat insipid : it is the food of the
21 A. CINE'REA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 71. t. 8.) leaves oblong- wild animals.
guanas and
elliptical, somewhat lanceolate, full of pullucid dots, under sur-
Smooth Custard-apple. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh. 16 ft.
face pubescent; outer petals nearly closed; fruit ovate-globose,
26 A. GRANDIFLO'RA (Lam. dict. 2. p. 126.) leaves ovate-
scaly. h. S. Cultivated in the West Indian Islands, St.
Thomas, and Cumana. Fruit fleshy, eatable, in shape like a
lanceolate, smooth, leathery, upper surface shining ; peduncles
young fruit of A. squamosa.
axillary, solitary; fruit egg-shaped, smooth, a little dotted.
h. S. Native of the Mauritius. Dun. mon. anon. p. 75. t. 6.
Cinereous Custard-apple. Fl.? Clt. 1823. Shrub 20 feet.
Var. B, Madagascariénsis (Pers. ench. 2. p. 95.). Þ. S.
22 A. CHERIMO'LIA (Mill. dict. no. 5.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
late, not dotted, under surface silky-tomentose; outer petals
Native of Madagascar. Calyx somewhat velvety on the outside.
nearly closed, rusty-tomentose on the outside ; fruit somewhat
Great-flowered Custard-apple. Shrub 12 feet.
globose and scaly. H.S. Native of Peru and New Granada. shaped, oblong, clasping the stem, acute, smooth ; peduncles
27 A. AMPLEXICAU’LIS (Lam. dict. 2. p. 127.) leaves heart-
, ,
Dun. mon. anon. p. 72. A. tripétala, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 252.
axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. h. S. Native of Madagascar
Sims, bot. mag. t. 2011. A tree, or rather a large shrub. Leaves
and the Mauritius. Dun. mon. anon. p. 76. t. 7. The flowers
strong scented. Peduncles opposite the leaves solitary. Outer
petals clothed with rusty-down on the outside, each marked
are an inch long and more, with the petals thickened towards the
base, each marked on the inside with a dark purple hollow,
with a dark spot at the base. Fruit, when ripe, of a dark-purple whitish-velvety on the outside.
colour; the flesh is soft and sweet. This fruit is esteemed by
Stem-clasping-leaved Custard-apple.
the Peruvians as one of their most delicate sorts, and is consi-
dered by them not inferior to any fruit in the world.
$5. Petals all obtuse.
Cherimoyer, Cherimoliá, or Soft-fruited Custard-apple. Fl.
July, Aug. Clt. 1739. Tree 20 feet.
28 A. DIOI'CA (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 34.) stem almost simple,
23 A. RETICULATA (Lin. spec. 757.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, downy; leaves broad, obovate, obtuse, rather cuneated at the
acute, smooth, somewhat dotted ; outer petals oblong-lanceolate, base, downy beneath; peduncles extra-axillary, 1-flowered, pe-
,
acute, nearly closed; fruit ovate-globose, reticulately-areolate. tals all ovate, obtuse. h.S. Native of Brazil in the province
h. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands and Brasil, also cultivated of St. Paul. Leaves 3-6 inches long, and 23-4 broad. Peduncles
in Malabar. Dun. mon. anon. p. 72. Mill. dict. no. 1.-Brown. 1-3-together. Flowers yellowish-green ; inner petals smallest.
jam. 3. p. 256. A. squamòsa, Vand. script. lus. p. 118. The Dioecious Custard-apple. Shrub 2 feet.
fruit of this tree is called Fruto de Conde, or Condissa in Brasil. 29 A. FURFURA'CEA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 34. t. 6.) branches
Var. a; areolæ scaly, roundish.—Sloane, hist. 2. p. 167. t. scurfy; leaves oblong-elliptical, rather acute at both ends, coria-
226.--Catesb. carol. 2. p. 84. t. 86.-Anòna-maram, Rheed. ceous, furfuraceous, and brownish-silvery beneath; peduncles,
mal. 3. p. 23. t. 30 and 31.
usually 2-flowered, opposite the leaves; petals ovate, truncate
Var. B; areolæ angular, somewhat 5-sided, Dun. mon. 1. c. at the base, bluntish, scurfy beneath and downy above.
h.
A. reticulàta, Jacq. obs. 1. p. 14. t. 6. f. 2.
S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes and
A tufted tree like A. squamosa, but much higher with a more in the northern part of the province of St. Paul. Leaves 3-5
nauseous odour. Flowers brownish on the outside, and whitish- inches long, and 11-24 lines broad. Peduncles few together.
yellow on the inside, excavated at the base, and marked with Calyx scurfy, of a yellowish-green colour ; sepals ovate, quite
dark purple spots. Fruit, when ripe, yellowish, sometimes entire; petals reddish, inner ones hardly smaller than the outer
reddish. This fruit is as large as a tennis-ball with yellowish soft ones. Fruit rather globose, broadly tubercled, clothed with pale
flesh, of the consistence of a custard, whence the English name of brown scurf.
the genus. It is eatable and much esteemed by many people. Per- Scurfy Custard-apple. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
haps many species are confused under the name of A. reticulata. 30 A. PAVO'NII ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, very smooth ;
Reticulated-fruited or Common Custard-apple. Clt. 1690. peduncles usually aggregate; petals all obtuse. h.s. Native
Tree 16 to 25 feet.
of Peru about Guayaquil. An. spe. nov. Ruiz et Pav. herb. in
24 A. Muco'sa (Jacq. obs. 1. p. 16.) leaves oblong-lanceo- herb. Lamb. (v. s.)
s
late, smooth ; outer petals spreading at the top; fruit areo- Pavon's Custard-apple. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
N
a
;
VOL. I.PART I,

90
ANONACEAE. II. ROLLINIA.
$ 6. Petals all equal, spreading.
leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, somewhat coriaceous,
31 A.? AXILLIFLO'RA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 86.) leaves oval-
not dotted, smooth, conduplicate. ħ. S. Native of New Spain
near Venta del Exido.
oblong, bluntish, under surface pubescent; pedicels axillary,
1-flowered, 4-times longer than the petioles. ñ.S. Native of
Tall Custard-apple. Tree 60 feet.
French Guiana Fruit unknown.
41 A. RIPARIA (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 59.)
Axillary-flowered Custard-apple. Shrub 8 to 14 feet. leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, membranous,
32 A.? UNIFLO'RA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 76.) leaves oblong, dotted, smooth, shining; fruit the form of a pear, obsoletely
,
netted.
acuminated, smooth, under surface glaucous ; peduncles opposite
h. S. Native of Peru on the banks of the river
the leaves clothed with white tomentum.
Guancabamba.
h.S. Native of
Para in Brazil. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 87. A beautiful species,
River-side Custard-apple. Shrub 25 feet.
but doubtful if belonging to this genus. Flowers white on the
42 A. MANIROTE (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 59.)
outside. Calyx 3-parted.
leaves obovate-elliptical, short pointed, membranous, rounded
One-flowered Custard-Apple. Shrub 6 feet.
at the base, dotted, smooth, with the nerves and veins pubescent;
33 A. NI'TIDA (Ruiz. et Pav.fl. per. 5. t. 488.) leaves oblong- fruit globose, muricated. H.S. Native of uncultivated places
,
lanceolate, acuminated, wavy, smooth ; peduncles axillary or
near Angustura, where it is called Maniròte. This species
lateral, twin or solitary, and furnished with a few scales. ħ.s. approaches very near A. muricata.
Native of Peru. Petals 6, equal, obovate-oblong, obtuse. Ovary
Manirote Custard-apple. Shrub 10 feet.
globose, crowned by a round point.
43 A. LÆ'vis (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 60.) leaves
Shining-leaved Custard-apple. Shrub. .
lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, membranous,
smooth ; under surface rather hairy, dotted; peduncles aggre-
p Anònæ not sufficiently known.
gate, 1-flowered ; outer petals lanceolate, acutish, fruit smooth.
h.S. Native of South America near Angustura and in Cumana,
34 A. Asia'TICA (Lin. spec. 2. p. 758.) leaves oblong, acu-
where it is cultivated. Perhaps this is either A. laurifòlia or A.
minated, not dotted, younger ones pubescent, adult ones smooth. glabra. Fruit eatable.
glàbra. Fruit eatable. Flowers greenish-yellow.
h.s. Native of Ceylon. Mill. dict. no. 7. A. Asiática, var. a,
Smooth-fruited Custard-apple. Shrub 16 feet.
Dun. mon. anon. p. 71. This tree is said by Martyn to have a
44 A. QUINDIUE'NSIS (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p.
smooth oblong-conical fruit, red on the outside, and filled with a 60.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acuminated at both ends, some-
whitish eatable pulp, but inferior in flavour to the fruit of A. what coriaceous, upper surface smooth, shining, under surface
squamosa. Perhaps this is only a variety of A. Forskö'hlii. rather pilose, obsoletely dotted ; peduncles 1-5-flowered ; outer
Asiatic Custard-apple. Fl.? Clt.? Shrub 12 feet. petals ovate-lanceolate; fruit dotted. h.s.
h.s. Native of New
35 A. SENEGALE'NSIS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 95.) leaves elliptical, Granada in the Andes about Quindu at the height of 3600 feet.
leathery, glaucous, somewhat emarginate at the apex, upper
Quindiu Custard-apple. Shrub 6 feet.
surface smooth, under surface, as well as branches and petioles 45 A. MICRA'NTHA (Bert. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 640.) leaves
covered with rusty pubescence; peduncles solitary or twin, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, quite smooth ; branches
-
axillary, rather pendulous; fruit small, scaly. n. S. Na- dotted; peduncles lateral, solitary, 1-flowered; calyx exceeding
tive of Guinea in bushy places. Dun. mon. p. 76. Deless. the corolla in length. Đ.S. Native of Hispaniola.
icon. sel. 1. t. 86. Petals leathery, of a greenish-yellow colour. Small-flowered Custard-apple. Shrub 6 feet.
Fruit, when ripe, of a yellowish colour, containing a soft, excel- 46 A. MICROCA'RPA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 487.) leaves
lent tasted pulp. This fruit is much esteemed by the natives of oblong; fruit ovate, small, scaly. n. S. Native of Peru.
;
Guinea.
Small-fruited Custard-apple. Shrub.
Senegal Custard-apple. Fl. Feb. Mar. Clt. 1823. Sh. 6 ft.
Cult. As the species are all natives of tropical countries, they
36 A. EXSU'CCA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 77.) leaves ovate-oblong, all require the heat of a stove. They thrive best in rich loamy
leathery, smooth, upper surface shining, under surface smooth,
soil mixed with a little peat. Ripened cuttings will root if planted
as well as branches; peduncles nearly opposite the leaves, sim- in a pot of sand and placed under a hand-glass, in a moist heat ; ;
ple or 2-parted. h.S. Native of Guiana in woods. A beau-
but the leaves of the cuttings should not be shortened. They
tiful tree, bearing small dry fruit. Flower-bud 3-lobed.
are easily raised from fresh seeds, procured from their native
Dry-fruited Custard-apple. Tree 20 feet.
countries, sown in pots, and plunged into a good hot-bed, in the
37 A. AFRICA'NA (Lin. spec. 758.) leaves lanceolate, pubes- same sort of soil recommended for the plants.
cent. h. S. Native of South America ? Mill. dict. no. 6.
A very obscure species, of which there is no specimen in the
Linnean herbarium.
II. ROLLI'NIA (to the honour of Charles Rollin, an elegant
African Custard-apple. Shrub?
writer, and professor of rhetoric and eloquence in the college of
38 A. ATABAPE'NSIS (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p.
Plessis, born at Paris, 1661, died 1741). St. Hil. fl. bras. 1.
58.) leaves oblong, obtuse, cuneated at the base, leathery, very
smooth, shining, not dotted ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered ;
LIN. SYST.
Polyandria, Polygynia. Calyx 3-parted (f. 24.a.)
petals ovate, heart-shaped, acutish, inner ones scarcely smaller. caducous. Corolla monopetalous, globose, with a narrow, 6-
h.s. Native of New Guiana on the banks of the river Ata- lobed hole at the top (f. 24. d.), inserted below the gynophore,
bapo. Perhaps this is not distinct from A. palústris.
and drawn out on the back beneath the outer lobes into 3
very
Atabapo Custard-apple. Shrub 16 feet.
blunt samara-like wings (f. 24. e.) which are concave on the
39 A. BONPLANDIA'NA (H. B. ex Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5.
inside, deciduous. Ovaries numerous, rather oblong, compressed,
p. 58.) leaves oblong, acuminated, somewhat coriaceous, dotted, connected together, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Fruit scaly, single
smooth, shining ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered ; outer petals (f. 24. f.) from the coalition of the carpels. Seeds unknown,
ovate, clothed with fine tomentum. h.s. Native near Guaya- Peduncles extra-axillary, solitary, rarely twin.
,
quil.
1 R. LONGIFO'LIA (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 29. t. 5.) leaves oblong,
fi
Bonpland's Custard-apple. Shrub 12 feet.
acute, but obtuse at the base, smooth above, but clothed with
40 A. EXCE'LSA (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5.
rufous down beneath as well as the young branches. ħ.s. Na-
p. 28.
p. 59.)

ANONACEÆ. III. MONODORA. IV. EUPOMATIA. V. AsIMINA.
91
a
cous.
tive of Brazil. Corolla clothed
FIG. 24.
brought from Equinoctial Africa. R. Br. congo, p. 56. Annòna
with rusty down, 3 lines long.
myrística, Gært. fruct. 2. p. 194. t. 125. f. 1. Lunan, hort.
Leaves 4-6 inches long. (f. 24.)
jam. 10. American nutmeg, Long, jam. hist. 3. p. 735. Flowers
Long-leaved Rollinia.
Shrub
large like those of Unòna undulata, the three inner petals are
20 feet.
cilíated on the inside at their margins, the outer ones are much
2 R. FAGIFOLIA (St. Hil. Al.
waved, a little longer than the inner ones. Fruit yellow, when ripe.
bras. 1. p. 29.) leaves ovate,
Jamaica or Calabash Nutmeg. Fl.? Clt.? Tree 20 feet.
pointed, puberulous on both sur-
Cult. The Jamaica Nutmeg will thrive well in a mixture of
faces, and with the nerves clothed
loam and sand, and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted in
with rusty villi. h.S. Native of
a pot of sand, plunged in a moist heat, with a bell-glass placed
Brazil in the province of Rio-Ja-
over them t.
neiro on the banks of the river
Parabyba. Leaves l} to 4 inches
IV. EUPOMA'TIA (from ev, eu, well, twua, poma, a lid ;
long and 1-2 broad. Calyx rusty
calyptra covering the flower before expansion, in the manner
villous. Corolla pubescent, glau-
f
of an extinguisher). R. Br. bot. ter. aust. p. 65.
Fruit unknown.
LIN. Syst. Icosándria, Polygynia. Calyx truncate. Ca-
Beach-leaved Rollinia. Fl. Nov.
lyptra, covering the flower-bud before expansion. Petals none.
Shrub 6 feet.
Stamens numerous, perigynous, inner ones
of the form of petals.
3 R. PARVIFLO'RA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 30.) leaves oblong, Berry many-celled, many-seeded, crowned by numerous connected
acuminated, and acute at the base, smooth above, puberulous stigmas. Anthers lateral. A smooth shrub with oblong-coriace-
beneath. h.s. Native of Brazil in woods on the mountains ous leaves and 1-flowered axillary peduncles. This genus differs
called Tejuca near Rio-Janeiro. A small tree with rufous- materially from all the rest of the genera of Anonàcee in the
pubescent branches. Leaves 11 to 24 inches long. Peduncles perigynous insertion of its stamens; it should therefore be ex-
solitary. Calyx rusty-villous. Corolla villous of a greenish- cluded from this order as well as from the sub-class Thalamiflòræ.
brown colour.
1 E. LAURI'NA (R. Br. 1. c.). h. G. Native of New
Small-flowered Rollinia. Fl. Nov. Tree 20 feet.
Holland. Flowers greenish-yellow.
4 R. DOLABRIPE'TALA (St. Hil. ex fl. bras. 1. p. 29.) leaves Laurel-like Eupomatia. Fl.? Clt. 1824. Shrub 6 feet.
oblong-lanceolate, under surface as well as petioles hairy; corolla Cult. This fine shrub will thrive well in a mixture of loam
tomentose, compressed on one side to the form of a hatchet.
and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root, if planted in a
h.s. Native of Brazil on Mount Cercovado near Rio Janeiro. pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass.
Annòna dolabripétala, Raddi. in act. soc. ital. 16.
p.
15.
§ 3. Unònea (plants agreeing with Unona.) Carpels many,
Hatchet-petalled Rollinia. Shrub 6 feet.
distinct.
5 R. BIFLORA; leaves oblong, membranous, acuminated,
smooth ; peduncles 2, 1-flowered, rising below the leaves. n. S. V. ASIMI'NA (a name of Canadian origin, meaning un-
Native of Peru. Annona biflòra, Ruiz, et Pav. MSS. in herb. known). Adans. fam. 2. p. 365. Dun. mon. anon. p. 81. D.C.
Lamb. (v. s.)
syst. 1. p. 478. prod. 1.
p.
87.
Two-flowered Rollinia. Shrub 6 feet?
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Tri-Polygynia. Calyx 3-parted. Petals
6 6 R. PTEROCA'RPA ; leaves large, oblong, acuminated; wings 6, spreading, ovate-oblong, inner ones smallest. Anthers inde-
of petals erect, incurved, hatchet-shaped; fruct large, of nu- finite, nearly sessile. Ovaries many, but for the most part only
merous carpels. h. s. Native of Peru. Annòna pterocarpa,
Annona pterocarpa, three, ovate or oblong; carpels the same number as the ovaries,
Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 483.
.
baccate, sessile ; seeds many, disposed in a single or double row.
Wing-fruited Rollinia. Tree.
Shrubs with oblong, cuneated usually deciduous leaves. Flowers
7 R. MICRA'NTHA ; leaves oblong, acuminated; peduncles very sometimes rising before the leaves, usually solitary and axillary.
thick ; fruct of numerous, distinct, close carpels. h.s. Native I A. PARVIFLO'RA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 82. t. 9.) leaves
of Peru. Annòna parviflora, Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 484. cuneate-obovate, mucronate, under surface as well as branches
Small-flowered Rollinia. Tree.
covered with brown pubescence; flowers sessile ; outer petals
Cult. The species of Rollània will thrive best in good loam scarcely twice as long as the calyx. h. H. Native of Virginia,
mixed with a little peat and sand. Ripened cuttings, with the Georgia and Carolina in shady woods near rivers and lakes.
leaves not shortened, will strike root if planted in a pot of sand, Porcelia parviflòra, Pers, ench. 2. p. 95. Orchidocarpum parvi-
and plunged in a moist heat, with a hand-glass placed over them t. flòrum, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 329. A small shrub, bearing
fruit when 2 feet high. Outside of calyx and corolla clothed
§ 2. Monodorea, (shrubs agreeing with Monodòra.) Fruit with brownish tomentum; inside of petals dark purple. Berries
solitary, 1 or many-celled, contained within a single rind. 2 or 3, aggregate, sessile, fleshy, the size of a plum.
Small-flowered Asimina. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1806. Shrub
III. MONODO'RA (from povos, monos, one, dopa, dora, a 2 to 4 feet.
skin ; in allusion to the fruit being 1-celled). Dun. mon. anon. 2 A. TRI’LOBA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 83.) leaves oblong-cu-
p. 79. D.C.
D. C. syst. 1.
p. 477. prod. 1. P.
87.
neated, acuminated, and are, as well as branches smoothish;
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-sepalled. Pe-
LINSYST
flowers on short peduncles; outer petals roundish-ovate, 4-times
tals 6, in 2 series, outer ones lanceolate, inner ones ovate, joined longer than the calyx. h.S. Native of Pennsylvania, Florida,
,
at the base. Anthers indefinite, nearly sessile. Ovary 1, ovate, Virginia, and Carolina, on the overflowed banks of rivers. Annòna
crowned by the sessile stigma. Berry smooth, somewhat glo- tríloba, Lin. spec. 758. Mill. dict. no. 8, icon. 1. t. 35. Duham.
,
bose, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds imbedded in the pulp. arb. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 83. t. 25. Mich. f. arb. amer. 3. p. 161.
1 M. MYRI'STICA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 80.) fruit very large, t. 9. Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 95. t. 149. Porcelia triloba, Pers.
somewhat globose; leaves alternate; peduncles lateral, 1-flowered, ench. 2. p. 95. Orchidocarpum arietinum, Mich. fl. bor. amer.
bearing a bractea at the base or on the middle, or above the 1.
p.
329.-Catesb. carol. 2. t. 85. A small tree, or rather a
middle. ħ. s. Cultivated in Jamaica, but perhaps originally large shrub. Flowers campanulate, with the 3 outer petals pale
1
N 2

92
ANONACEÆ. VI. PorcelIA. VII. UVARIA.
a
a
p.
LIN. SYST.
p. 61.)
purplish, and the 3 inner ones smaller, purplish on the outside as 2 CINNAMO'MEA (Ruiz. et Pav. MSS. in herb. Lamb.) leaves
well as the inside at the base and apex, with the middle distich, long lanceolate, acuminated; branches and petioles clothed
yellow. Berries large, yellow, ovate, oblong, eatable. All parts with brown villi; peduncles long, rising above the leaves ;
of the tree have a rank, if not a fetid smell; and therefore the sepals 3, small ; petals 6, inner ones large, concave.
fruit is relished by few, except negroes. Seeds 8-10, disposed
Cinnamon Porcelia. Tree 30 feet.
in a double row.
Cult. A light loamy soil will probably suit these trees well,
Three-lobed-calyxed Asimina. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1736. and ripened cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, will no doubt
Shrub 10 feet.
root in a pot of sand with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat t.
3 A. PYGMÆ'a (Dun. mon. anon. p. 84. t. 10.) stem suffruti-
cose; leaves oblong-linear, cuneate, blunt, and are as well as VII. UVA'RIA (from uva, a cluster of grapes ; resemblance
branches smooth; flowers on short peduncles; outer petals ob- in the clusters of the fruit). Lin. gen. 692. Gært. fruct. 2.
ovate-oblong, much longer than the calyx. . H. Native of p. 155 and 157. Dun. mon. anon. p. 86. D.C.
D. C. syst. 1.
p.
481.
Georgia, Florida, and Carolina in sandy fields. Annona pygmæ'a, prod. 1. 88.
Bartr. trav. ed. germ. p. 21. t. 1. Orchidocarpum pygmæe'um,
Polyandria, Polygynia. Sepals 3, ovate-cor-
Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 330. Porcelia pygmæ'a, Pers. ench. 2. date, connected at the base. Petals 6, oval, the 3 outer ones
p. 95. A little shrub hardly a foot high, with twiggy branches,
smallest? Anthers indefinite, covering the hemispherical recep-
and long cuneated narrow leaves. Outer petals much larger than tacle. Ovaries numerous, usually villous. Carpels numerous,
the inner ones, all white.
baccate, fleshy, ovate-globose, many-celled, many-seeded. Seeds
Pygmy Asimina. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1812. Shrub 1 ft. disposed in a double row. Trees or shrubs, with erect or sar-
4 A. GRANDIFLORA (Dun. mon. p. 84. t. 11.) leaves cuneate- mentose branches. Peduncles axillary, opposite the leaves, or
obovate, obtuse, under surface as well as the branches clothed lateral 1 or 4-flowered, solitary, twin, or tern, jointed in the
with brown pubescence; flowers sessile ; outer petals obovate, middle, usually furnished with bracteas.
much larger than the calyx. h. H. Native of Georgia and 1 U. ZEYLA'NICA (Lin. spec. 2. p. 756. exclusive of the syno-
Florida in sandy woods in shady places. Annòna grandiflòra, nyms of Rheed. and Rumph.) sarmentose; leaves ovate-lan-
Bartr. trav. ed. germ. 20, t. 2. Annona obovata, Willd. spec. 2.
.
2. ceolate, smooth; berries many, ovate-cylindrical, tapering into
p. 1269. Orchidocarpum grandiflòrum, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. the stipe ; inner processes of the integument of the seeds in
p. 330. Porcelia grandiflora, Pers. ench. 2. p. 95. A small, parallel plates. ñ.v.S. Native of Ceylon. Lam. ill. t. 495.
smooth-branched shrub. Flowers white, and very large for the f. 2. Dun, mon. anon. p. 88. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 155. t. 114.
size of the plant, with the outer petals larger than the inner ones. f. 2. Flowers scarlet, starry. Fruit eatable, of a vinous taste,
Berries smooth, oblong-obovate.
resembling that of an Apricot.
Great-flowered Asimina. Fl. May. Clt 1820. Shrub 2 feet. Ceylon Uvaria. Fl.? Clt. 1794. Shrub rambling. .
5 A. ČAMPECHIA'NA (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5.
2 U. GÆrtneri (D. C. syst. 1. p. 482.) berries ovate. taper-
leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, mem- ing into the stipe ; inner processes of the integument of the seed
branous, dotted; upper surface hairy, under surface as well as awl-shaped, or almost needle-shaped. ħ.S. Perhaps a native
the branchlets tomentose; peduncles short, solitary; petals ob- of Ceylon. U. trifoliata, Gært. fruct. 2. p. 167. t. 114. f. 2.
long, nearly equal. ħ. S. Native of Mexico about Campeachy. Lam. ill. t. 495. f. 8. Dun. mon. anon. p. 89. The berries of
Campeachy Asimina. Shrub?
this shrub are larger than in U. Zeylánica.
Cult. These shrubs will do well in England in the open air, Gærtner's Uvaria. Clt. 1794. Shrub rambling.
in a warm situation, in a mixture of sand and peat. A. triloba 3 U. CHA'MÆ (Beauv. fl. d. ow. et ben. 2. p. 43. t. 83. f. 2.)
grow in common garden soil. They should be increased by leaves alternate, entire, small, ovate, shining, acute ; flowers
layers put down in the autumn, or by seeds procured from their racemose; sepals coriaceous; petals ligulate. ħ. S. Native
h
native country. Seedlings should be trained
up
in
of Guinea on the borders of the river St. Jago. Flowers of a
sheltered in winter until they have acquired a sufficient size. rusty-red colour.
The A. Campechiàna, which is a native of a warm climate, will Dwarf Uvaria. Shrub 4 feet.
require the heat of a stove. It will do well in the same sort of 4. U. LU'TEA (Roxb. corom. 1. p. 32. t. 36.) tree ; leaves
soil recommended for the hardy species, and ripened cuttings will oblong, acuminated, smooth, shining ; peduncles solitary, 1-6-
root in sand under a hand-glass, plunged in a moderate heat. flowered ; berries oblong, 6-seeded. h.S. Native of the coast
of Coromandel on the mountains. Dun. mon. anon. p. 89. U.
VI. PORCELIA (in honour of Antonio Porcel, a Spanish coriàcea, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 72.? Flowers small, greenish-yellow.
promoter of botany, who has been highly praised by the authors Berries stellately spreading, smooth, yellow, about the size of a
of the Flora Peruviana). Ruiz, et Pav. syst. fl. per.
1.
partridge's egg, with 4 or 6 seeds imbedded in the pulp. The
prod. 84. t. 16. D.C. syst. 1. p. 480. prod. 1. p. 88. Dun. mon. Telingas call it Muay.
anon. p. 85.
Yellow-fruited Uvaria. Fl.? Clt. 1822. Tree 30 feet.
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Tri-Hexagynia. Sepals 3, somewhat 5 U. TOMENTO'SA (Roxb. corom. 1. p. 31. t. 35.) tree; leaves
connected at the base. Petals 6, inner ones a little larger than the oblong, acute, tomentose ; peduncles 1-flowered, mostly solitary;
outer ones. Anthers indefinite, almost sessile. Carpels 3-6, berries globose, 4-seeded. h.S. Native of the Circar moun-
sessile, coriaceous, hardly fleshy, cylindrical, somewhat torulose, tains in Hindoostan. Dun. mon. anon. p. 90. A tall tree with
many-seeded; seeds disposed in a twin rank.
numerous horizontal branches forming a large tuft. Branches
1 P. NITIDIFOLIA (Ruiz. et Pav. syst. 1. p. 144.) leaves and leaves bifarious. Flowers brownish-green. Carpels 10-15,
ovate-lanceolate, smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, aggregate, baccate, when ripe, of a violet-purple colour, and about the size
1 or few-flowered; petals ovate. h. S. Native of Peru in of a nutmeg. Seeds about the size of a French-bean imbedded
mountain groves. A beautiful tree with whitish-yellow flowers. in the pulp.
Berries marked on the outside by a longitudinal suture, they are Tomentose-leaved Uvaria. Fl.? Clt. 1822. Tree 60 feet.
pendent as well as the flowers, and are eaten by the inhabitants 6 U. DU’LCIS (Dun. mon. anon. p. 90. t. 13.) leaves oblong-
of Peru. A yellow colouring is obtained from the leaves. elliptical, tapering at the base, cordate, under surface velvety as
Shining-leaved Porcelia. Tree 60 feet.
well as branches; peduncles in pairs, axillary or opposite the
will
pots, and
a
p. 144.
.
a

ANONACEÆ. VIII. UNONA.
93
h. S.
h.
leaves ; furnished with bracteas or jointed in the middle. ħ.S. crowded, hardly distinct. Fruit unknown. Perhaps a proper
Native of Java. Branches, petioles, and peduncles clothed with genus.
rusty villi. Petals rusty on the outside.
Shewy Uvaria. Shrub.
Sweet Uvaria. Tree 30 feet.
18 U. OPTHA'LMICA (Roxb. MSS.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
7 U. JAVA'NA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 91. t. 14.) branches smooth, villous on the nerves beneath, as well as the young
rambling ; leaves oval, acute, cordate at the base, clothed with branchlets; peduncles lateral, 3-flowered; petals and sepals very
stellate tomentum, as well as the branchlets ; peduncles solitary, villous, inner petals much longer than the outer ones.
axillary, or opposite the leaves, 2-5-flowered ; pedicels some- Native of the Moluccas. Leaves a span long. Fruit not seen.
what umbellate, furnished with bracteas in the middle. H.S. Eye-plant Uvaria. Fl. Jan. Tree.
Native of Java. Inner petals reddish, a little smaller than the 19 U. NITIDA (Roxb. MSS.) leaves oval, acuminated, shining,
outer ones, all greyish on the outside. Pistils villous.
paler beneath; peduncles aggregate, axillary or lateral branched.
Java Uvaria. Fl.? Shrub rambling.
H.S. Native of the East Indies. Fruit not seen.
8 U. VELUTI'NA (Roxb.? Dun. mon. anon. p. 91.) branches Shining-leaved Uvaria. Fl.? Tree.
rambling ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminated, cordate at the Cult. All the species of this genus require the heat of a
base, and are as well as the branches, clothed with velvety villi; stove; they thrive best in sandy loam mixed with a little peat.
peduncles lateral, few-flowered; pedicels corymbose, 1-flowered; Ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, plunged in
carpels cylindrical, villous. His. Native of East Indies. heat. Seeds procured from the places of their natural growth,
Petals velvety on the outside. Ovaries crowded, somewhat velvety. should be sown in spring in pots filled with the same sort of soil
Velvety Uvaria. Shrub rambling.
recommended for the plants, and placed in a hot-bed.
9 U. RUGO'SA (Blum. bijdr. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnæa,
p. 494.) leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth; peduncles few- VIII. UNO'NA (from uno to unite, in allusion to the stamens
flowered, axillary; fruit globose, wrinkled, 4-seeded. H.S. being united with the germens). Lin. suppl. p. 270. Juss. gen.
Native of Java.
280. Ann. mus. 16. p. 340. Dun. mon. anon. p. 94. D.C.
Wrinkled-fruited Uvaria. Tree 60 feet.
syst. 1. p. 485. prod. 1. p. 89.
10 U. Burahol (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong, shining; peduncles Lin. syst. Polyandria, Polygynia. Sepals 3, very rarely 4,
,
crowded, 1-flowered ; flowers monoecious. n. S. Native of ovate, acutish, connected at the base. Petals 6, disposed in a
Java. Burahol is the name of the tree in Java.
ternary order, with the 3 inner ones smallest. Stamens inde-
Burahol Uvaria. Tree 60 feet.
finite. Carpels numerous, dry ? indehiscent, stipitate, ovate or
11 U.LONGIFO‘LIA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong, retuse, acutish, oblong, 1 or many-celled, smooth, or torulose, many-seeded.
clothed with rusty down beneath as well as the branches; racemes Seeds disposed in a single row. Trees or shrubs sometimes
elongated, 2-5-flowered; pedicels furnished with bracteas in the with climbing branches. Leaves quite entire. Peduncles usually
middle. n. S. Native of Java.
axillary, 1 or many-flowered, generally furnished with bracteas.
Long-leaved Uvaria. Shrub.
The bark and fruit are intensely aromatic, somewhat acrid, and
12 U. OBTU'sa (Blum. l. c.) leaves ovate or oval, obtuse, stimulating.
clothed with rusty villi beneath on the ribs as well as the branches;
peduncles elongated, lateral, usually 1-flowered; fruit oval, to-
Sect. I. UNONA'RIA (altered from Unona). D. C. syst. 1.
mentose. K.S. Native of Java.
p. 486. prod. 1. p. 89. Flowers spreading. Carpels smoothish or
Obtuse-leaved Uvaria. Shrub.
very torulose.
13 U. SPHÆROCA'RPA (Blum. 1. c.) branches rambling; leaves
$1. Marentèria. Petals ovate or oblong, nearly equal.
ovate-oblong, acute, but obtuse at the base, clothed with rusty
villi beneath as well as the branches; fruit on long stipes, glo-
1 U. NA'RUM (Dun. mon. anon. p. 99.) stems sarmentose;
bose, smooth, 4-seeded. h. S. Native of Java. Flowers leaves lanceolate, acuminated; peduncles lateral, solitary, l-
purplish.
flowered ; petals roundish-ovate, nearly equal, inflexed; carpels
Round-fruited Uvaria. Shrub rambling.
on long stipes, smoothish. h.v. S. Native in Malabar and
14 U. PURPU'REA (Blum. fl. jav. fasc. 20. t. 1.) leaves ellip- perhaps in the Moluccas. Narum-panel
, Rheed. mal. 2. p. 11.
tical-oblong, acute, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the base, t. 9. A shrub climbing up trees. Flowers at first brownish-
clothed on both surfaces as well as the branchlets with stellate green, but at length becoming reddish. Anthers yellowish, with
tomentum ; peduncles opposite the leaves, usually l-flowered, an unctuous humour exuding from them. Carpels, when ripe,
2-bracteate; bracteas large, roundish, netted with nerves: h.s. yellowish-red, nearly an inch long and half an inch broad. There
Native of Java. Flowers beautiful purple.
is a sweet-scented greenish oil obtained from the roots by distil-
Purple-flowered Uvaria. Shrub 6 feet.
lation in Malabar, which is used in various diseases, as well as
15 U. AUʼrita (Blum. fl. jav. fasc. 20. t. 2.) leaves oblong, the root itself.
cordate at the base, bluntish; peduncles terminal, panicled or Narum Unona. Clt.? Shrub rambling.
axillary; bracteas small. h.S. Native of Java. Flowers 2 U. Musa'ria (Dun. mon. anon. p. 100.) stems sarmentose,
purple, about half the size of those of U. purpùrea.
leaves elliptical-lanceolate, acuminated, cordate at the base; pe-
Eared Uvaria. Shrub 6 feet.
duncles 1-flowered, solitary, axillary; petals roundish-ovate,
,
16 U. FE'TIDA (Ruiz, et Pav. MSS. in herb. Lamb.) leaves nearly equal, reflexed; carpels stipitate, somewhat torulose.
oblong, villous, acuminated ; flowers large, purple; petals long,
S. Native of Amboyna, Baleya, and Solor, in steep
lanceolate, full of nerves; sepals small. h. s. Native of Peru. places at the tops of the highest mountains. Funis musàrius, &c.
Perhaps a species of Unòna.
Rumph. amb. 5. p. 78. t. 42. A sarmentose shrub, with brown
.
Fetid Uvaria. Shrub 6 to 10 feet?
or blood-coloured flowers. Stamens clammy. Carpels about 10,
17 U.? SPECTA'BILIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 484.) leaves oblong, each marked with a longitudinal prominent line. The roots and
.
acuminated, smoothish, younger ones rusty and velvety as well as bark are used against the colic in the Moluccas. The bark is
the branches; peduncles 1-flowered, lateral or opposite the leaves; also used for making musical instruments, as well as that of
petals obovate, inner ones bifid at the top. ñ.s. Native of A. Nàrum, whence the specific name.
Guiana. Flowers large; petals white with silky down. Ovaries Musical-rope Unona. Shrub rambling.
hou
.

94
ANONACEÆ. VIII. UNONA.
h. S.
.
а.
a
3 A. PENDULIFLO'RA (Moc. et Sess. in Dun. mon. anon. p. 12 U. TRIPEʼTALA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 490.) leaves lanceolate,
100. t. 28.) stem arborescent; leaves nearly sessile, somewhat upper surface wrinkled, under surface tomentose; carpels stipi-
cordate, oblong-lanceolate, waved; peduncles long, 1-flowered, tate, ovate, somewhat triquetrous, granulated, 3-seeded.
pendulous; petals inflexed; carpels long, somewhat stipitate. Native of Amboyna in plains and on hills. Unona tripetaloìdea,
h.s. Native of Mexico. A small tree. Petals of a yellow- Dun. mon. anon. p. 104.-Rumph. amb. 2. p. 197. t. 66. f. 1.
ish-green colour, inside of the inner ones reddish-yellow, Car- Uvària tripétala, Lam. dict. 1. p. 597. A tree with the habit of
pels about 7, leguminiform.
Michèlia Champàca. Flowers on peduncles solitary, sweet-
Pendulous-flowered Unona. Tree 20 feet.
scented, greenish. Fruit about the size of a plum. This tree
4 U. MARENTE'RIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 487.) branches climb- is called in the Malay language Cananga-êtan, whence the
ing; leaves oval, obtuse, quite smooth ; peduncles erect, 1- name of the section.
flowered, subterminal ; petals oval, velvety on the outside, some- Three-petalled Unona. Tree 40 feet.
what unequal ; carpels substipitate, ventricose. h.U.S. Native
of Madagascar. Marentèria, Norh. ex Pet. Th. gen. nov.
§ 3. Cananga. (Cananga-ætan is the Malay name of the pre-
madag. p. 18. no. 60. A small climbing shrub. Carpels 4-5,
ceding species.) Petals linear-lanceolate, long, narrow.
on short pedicels. Petals brown-velvety on the outside.
D. Armentèries's Unona. Shrub cl.
13 U. VIOLA CEA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 105. t. 25.) leaves ellip-
5 U. CRASSIPE’TALA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 101. t. 24.) leaves tical, bluntish, smooth ? peduncles opposite the leaves, drooping,
oblong-elliptical, acuminated, smooth; peduncles axillary, 1- 1-flowered, surrounded by one bractea; petals lanceolate-oblong.
flowered, pilose, erect, longer than the petioles ; petals oblong, þ.S. Native of Mexico. Un. spec. nov. Moc. and Sess. pl.
thick. n. S. Native of Cayenne. U. pachypétala, Spreng. mex. icon. pict. ined. Petals purplish-brown, inner ones white
Petals brown, spreading, about an inch long.
on the inside at the base.
Thick-petalled Unona. Shrub.
Violaceous-flowered Unona. Shrub.
6 U. FUSCA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 488.) leaves oblong, acumi- 14 U. UNCINA'TA (Lam. dict. 2. p. 127.) leaves oblong-lan-
nated, smooth; peduncles erect, axillary, 1-flowered, pilose, ceolate, acuminated, smooth, shining ; peduncles opposite the
somewhat shorter than the petioles ; petals oval-oblong, acutish. leaves, hooked beneath the middle; carpels ovate-roundish. h.
h.S. Native of Guiana. Petals rufescent. Ovaries densely G. Native of the Mauritius and the East India islands. Dun.
approximate, length of stamens. Fruit unknown.
mon. anon. p. 105. t. 12. Artabòtrys adoratíssima, R. Br. in
Brown-flowered Unona. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Shrub.
bot.
reg. t. 423.-Rheed. mal. 7. p. 86. t. 46? Anona hexa-
7 U. OBTUSIFLO'RA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 488.) leaves smooth, pétala, Lin. fil. supl. 270? Petals reddish-brown. Carpels
oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends; peduncles axillary, 1- fleshy, roundish, 1 or 2-seeded, about the size of a walnut. Seeds
flowered, hardly pubescent, much longer than the petioles ; petals large, oblong. The flowers of this species are extremely fra-
oblong-obovate, very blunt. h.s. Native of Guiana. Petals
grant.
of a brownish-grey colour on the outside, velvety.
B; peduncles simple, arched. Perhaps this plant is referable
Blunt-flowered Unona. Shrub.
to t. 16. in Braam. icon. chin. 1821 ?
8 U. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 488.) leaves smooth, Hooked-peduncled Unona. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1758. Shrub
oblong, taper-pointed at both ends ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, 6 feet.
hardly pubescent, much longer than the petioles ; petals oblong, 15 U. HAMA'TA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 106. t. 27. Blum. bijdr.
acute. h. S. Native of Guiana. Flowers like those of A. fl. ned. ined. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 495.) branches rather
obtusiflora, but rather smaller, and of the same colour. Stamens
climbing; peduncles solitary, hooked, few-flowered ; leaves ellip-
and ovaries like those of A. fuscata.
tical-oblong, acute at both ends, coriaceous, smooth; petals
Acuminated-leaved Unona. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet.
Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet. lanceolate, constricted at the base, clothed with rusty-tomentum;
9 U. MACROCA'RPA (Vahl. ined. D. C. syst. 1. p. 489.) leaves carpels ovate, tapering to both ends, 2-seeded. h.v. S. Na-
oval, blunt at both ends, coriaceous, quite smooth; peduncles tive of Java and China. A large shrub, with an erect stem and
lateral, short, branched, 2-3-flowered ; petals oval-oblong, acu- climbing branches.
tish. ħ.S. Native of Guinea. Petals equal, somewhat coria- Hooked-peduncled Unona. Shrub cl.
ceous, velvety with pubescence.
16 U. CANA'NGA (Spreng. syst. app. p. 215.) leaves unequally
Long-fruited Unona. Shrub.
ovate-oblong, acuminated, smooth ; peduncles axillary, 1-many-
10 U. OVA'TA (Vahl. ined. D. C. syst. 1. p. 489.) leaves ovate, flowered, leafy; pedicels rather corymbose; petals lanceolate;
acute, upper surface smooth, with the middle nerve on the under carpels ovate, stipitate. h. S. Native of Java. A. odorata,
surface, clothed with rusty tomentum, as well as the branchlets ; Blum. Flowers monoecious. Cananga is a name used in Am-
peduncles 2-flowered, very short, opposite the leaves ; petals boyna for U. tripétala.
oval-oblong, acutish. h.s. Native of Guinea. Petals nearly Cananga Unona. Shrub.
equal, coriaceous, purple.
17 U. ESCULE'NTA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 107.) stems climb-
Var. B, Afzeliàna (D. C. syst. 1. p. 489.) very like the ing ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth ; branches tendrilled at the
species, but the adult leaves are smooth, (except the longitu- apex ; peduncles 1-flowered; petals lanceolate. h. S.
dinal nerve) rusty. h.s. Native of Sierra Leone.
Native of India about Madras. Uvària esculenta, Roxb. Rottl.
Ovate-leaved Unona. Shrub.
and Willd. in nov. act. nat. cur. berol. 4. p. 201. A climbing
11 U. GRANDIFLORA (Leschen. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 90.) shrub. Fruit eatable.
leaves oval-oblong, almost sessile, cordate at the base, upper Esculent Unona. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl.
surface smooth, under surface velvety; peduncles 1-flowered, 18 U. LESSERTIA'NA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 107. t. 26.) leaves
opposite the leaves ; petals oval-oblong. h. S. Native of oblong-elliptical
, upper surface smooth, shining ; peduncles
Bengal. Carpels 30-35, terete, velvety.
lateral, 1-flowered, bracteate; petals oblong, somewhat curled.
Great-flowered Unona. Shrub.
h.S. Perhaps a native of China or India. Uvària uncàta,
Vahl. in herb. Deless. Petals of a pale-brown colour, velvety.
§ 2. Etania. Outer petals ovate-oblong, acutish; inner ones De Lessert's Unona. Shrub cl.?
none or very minute.
19 U. VIRGA'TA (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht.

ANONACEÆ. VIII. UNONA.
95
--
Linnæa. 1. p. 495.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth; late, narrow, under surface silky ; carpels moniliform, on long
peduncles axillary, 1-flowered; petals lanceolate, inner ones stipes. ħ.s. Native of Surinam. Dun. mon. anon. p. 110.
glandular at the base. h.s. Native of Java.
Uvària monilífera, Gært. fruct. 2. p. 156. t. 114. Lam. ill. t.
Twiggy Unona. Shrub.
495. f. 4. A tree with twiggy flexile pubescent branches.
20 U. ODORATA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 108.) leaves ovate- Leaves narrow, like those of a species of Salix. Flowers like
oblong, acuminated, smooth, rounded and oblique at the base ; those of Anòna. Berries purple, aromatic, and of a very good
peduncles lateral, leafy, 1-flowered; petals linear-lanceolate; taste, 1-3-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
carpels stipitate, egg-shaped, umbilicated at the top. h. s. Separated Unona. Tree 20 feet.
Native of Java and China. Uvària undulata, Lam. dict. 1. p. 29 U. UNDULA'TA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 111.) leaves ovate-
595. ill. t. 495. f. 1.-Rumph. amb. 2. p. 195. t. 65. A tall
A tall oblong smooth; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered; petals oblong-
tree, with cinereous smooth branches. Flowers sweet-scented; linear, long, outer ones waved ; carpels oblong, somewhat
,
petals yellowish. Carpels pulpy, about 9. Seeds imbedded in moniliform. h. S. Native of the kingdom of Waree in
the sweet pulp
Guinea. Xylòpia undulata, Beauv. fl. owar. et ben. 1. p. 27.
p.
Sweet-scented-flowered Unona. Fl.? Clt. 1804. Tree 40 feet.
t. 16.
Flowers scarlet, with the outer petals very long,
21 U. LONGIFO'LIA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 597.) leaves oblong- and elegantly waved. Fruit like that of Unòna Æthiópica,
linear, acuminated, smooth, waved on the margin ; peduncles aromatic, and is used as a condiment at Waree in Guinea. Joints
lateral, crowded, somewhat umbellate; petals linear-lanceolate, of fruit 1-2-seeded.
acute; carpels stipitate, egg-shaped. n. S. Native of Bengal, Waved-petalled Unona. Shrub 8 feet. .
Java, Coromandel, and Pondicherry, where it is cultivated in 30 U. DISCOLOR (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 63. t. 36.) leaves ovate-
private avenues.-Sonn. voy. ined. 4. t. 131. A tall erect tree,
A
oblong, acuminated, smooth, under surface glaucous; peduncles
with yellow flowers.
lateral, l-flowered, elongated ; carpels moniliform, on short
Long-leaved Unona. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Tree 60 feet. stipes. n. S. Native of the East Indies. Dun. mon. anon.
22 U. NITIDISSIMA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 109. t. 23.) leaves p. 111. A tree with white flowers, with a volatile oil exuding
oblong-elliptical, acuminated at both ends, smooth, shining; from them.
peduncles axillary, very short, 1-flowered; petals linear, blun- Two-coloured-leaved Unona. Fl.? June. Tree 20 feet.
tish. h.s. Native of New Caledonia. Uvària lùcida, Vent. 31 U. CHINE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 495.) leaves ovate-lan-
in herb. Deless. U. fúlgens. Labill. nov. caled. t. 56. Fruit un- ceolate, smooth ; flowers solitary, spreading, on long peduncles ;
known.
carpels torulose, moniliform, nearly sessile. h. G. Native
Very-nitid-leaved Unona. Fl.? Tree.
of China near Canton. A shrub about 5 feet high.
Flowers
23 U. LIGULA'RIS (Dun. mon. p. 110.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, white? Désmos Chinensis, Lour.
acute; peduncles lateral, many-flowered ; petals long, linear ; Chinese Unona. Shrub 5 feet.
carpels stipitate, somewhat globose. h.s. Native of Amboyna. 32 U. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 495.) leaves lan-
Uvària ligulàris, Lam. dict. 1. p. 597.--Rumph. amb. 2. p. ceolate, tomentose ; flowers solitary, closed, on long peduncles ;
298. t. 66. f. 2. A tree very like U. odorata. Seeds sweet- carpels nearly sessile, torulosely-moniliform. h. G. Native
scented.
of Cochin-China in bushy places. Désmos Cochinchinensis, Lour.
Ligular-petalled Unona. Tree 20 feet.
coch. ed. Willd. 1. p. 431. Unòna Desmos, Dun. mon. p. 112.
24 U. ELLIPTICA (Blum. bijdr. A. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. A shrub about 5 feet high, with an erect stem and weak reclinate
Linnæa. 1. p. 495.) leaves almost sessile, somewhat cordate at branches. Flowers terminal, yellowish-green, pendulous. Ber-
the base, oval-oblong, acute, smooth ; peduncles axillary, 1- ries reddish-green.
flowered, furnished with bracteas; petals linear-lanceolate, blunt- Cochin-China Unona. Shrub 5 feet.
ish. h.s. Native of Java.
33 U. AROMA'TICA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 112.) leaves oblong,
Elliptical-leaved Unona. Shrub.
acuminated, smooth; peduncles axillary, 1-2-flowered ; carpels
25 U. LITTORA'LIS (Blum. 1. c.) branches a little climbing; oblong, terete, torulose, nearly sessile. h. S. Native of
leaves ovate, bluntly acuminated, rounded at the base, coriace- Guiana in woods, particularly at a place called Timoutou. Wària
ous, smooth ; peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the petiole ; Zeylánica, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 605. t. 243. Uvària aromática, Lam.
fruit oval, contracted in the middle, on short stipes, somewhat dict. 1. p. 596. Unòna cóncolor, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1271. Every
p
.
baccate. h. v.S. Native of Java.
part of the tree is aromatic. The three outer petals are ciner-
Sea-side Unona. Shrub cl.
eous on the outside, inside smooth, violaceous ; inner ones smaller,
26 U. MACROPHY'LLA (Blum. l. c.) leaves oblong, acuminated, violaceous. The fruit is acrid and aromatic, and is used as a
coriaceous, rounded at the base, smooth ; peduncles 1-flowered, condiment instead of pepper by the negroes in Guiana.
almost axillary; fruit oval, 2-seeded, somewhat baccate, on short Aromatic-fruited Unona. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
stipes. ñ.S. Native of Java.
34 U. ÆETHIO'PICA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 113.) leaves ovate-
Large-leaved Unona. Shrub.
lanceolate, acute, smooth, under surface glaucous; carpels terete,
27 U. SUBCORDA'TA (Blum. bijdr. fl. ind. ex Schlecht. Lin- torulose, nearly sessile. h.S. Native of Ethiopia and Sierra
næa. 1. p. 495.) leaves almost sessile, somewhat cordate-oblong, Leone. Pìper Æthiopicum, Math. comm. 1. p. 434. icon. Lob.
acuminated, pubescent beneath at the ribs; peduncles solitary, icon. 2. p. 205. Tabern. 917. icon. The seeds have an aroma-
axillary 1-flowered ; carpels globose, stipitate, 2-seeded. n.š. tic, pungent taste; they were formerly sold in the shops, but
Native of Java.
now more rarely under the names of Ethiopian pepper, Guinea
Subcordate-leaved Unona. Shrub.
pepper, Negro pepper, or Piper Æthiopicum, &.c.
Ethiopian or Negro Pepper. Fl.? Clt. 1822. Shrub.
Sect. II. De’smos (dequos, desmos, a chain; fruit articulated 35 U. OXYPE'TALA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 496.) leaves oval-oblong,
.
like the links of a chain.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 493. prod. 1. p. 91. acuminated, upper surface smooth, under surface somewhat
Petals lanceolate, oblong, or linear, sometimes nearly closed. glaucous; peduncles axillary, very short, 1-flowered; petals
Carpels baccate, torulose, somewhat articulated, many-celled? linear, pointed. h.s.
linear, pointed. h.s. Native of Sierra Leone. Perhaps this
more or less moniliform.
species should have been placed in the following section. Petals
28 U. DISCRETA (Lin. fil. suppl. 270.) leaves oblong-lanceo- pubescent on the outside.
.
p

96
ANONACEÆ. VIII. UNONA. IX. XYLOPIA.
-
Sharp-petalled Unona. Shrub 6 feet. .
1-flowered ; berries ovate-oblong, on short stipes. n. S. Na-
36 U. BIGLANDULO'SA (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. tive of the West Indies or Sierra Leone? Petals silky on the
Linnæa. 1. p. 495.) leaves somewhat cordate, ovate-lanceolate, outside.
acuminated, with 2 glands on the margin, glaucous beneath ; pe- Acute-flowered Unona. Tree 40 feet.
duncles lateral, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; fruit moni- 46 U. XYLOPIOI'DES (Dun. mon. anon. p. 117. t. 21.) leaves
liform, stipitate. n. S. Native of Java.
oblong, acuminated, under surface silky, shining, margins revo-
Two-glanded-leaved Unona. Shrub 6 feet.
lute at the base ; peduncles 2-4, axillary, short. h.s. Native
37 U. suave'OLENS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, of New Granada. H. B. Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5.
p.
62.
smooth, tapering to both ends; peduncles hooked, many-flower- Uvària febrifuga, H. et B. ined. A tree with pendulous branches.
ed; petals linear, silky, closed at the base; berries oval-oblong, Outer petals brown-silky on the outside, and white on the inside,
2-seeded, tapering to both ends, on short stipes. h.s. Native inner petals white, but red at the base. Berries dry, oblong,
of Java.
somewhat curved, many-celled.
Sweet-scented Unona. Shrub.
Xylopia-like Unona. Tree 70 feet.
38 U. LEPTOPE'TALA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 496.) leaves oval- 47 Ú.? POLYCA'RPA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 499.) leaves oblong,
oblong, acuminated, and are, as well as branches, smooth ; pe- acuminated, rather glaucous, smoothish, with the middle nerve
duncles axillary, branched; petals oblong-linear, pointed. h.s. at the base rather tomentose; berries on long stipes. ħ. S.
Native of the island of Timor. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 88. Native of Sierra Leone. Perhaps a species of Guattèria, or a
Petals six times longer than the calyx, rather velvety with fine proper genus.
down.
Many-fruited Unona. Shrub.
Slender-petalled Unona. Shrub 10 feet.
48 U.? SELA'NICA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 92.) leaves ovate, acute,
upper surface smooth, under surface wrinkled ; racemes few-
Sect. III. MELODO'RUM (mel, honey, odor, smell, as the flowered, terminal, pendulous. h.S. Native of the Moluccas
leaves of M. dumetòrum.) D. C. syst. 1. p. 497. prod. 1. p. 91. Dámmara Selánica, Rumph. amb. 2. p. 168. t. 56. ? Lam. dict. 2.
Flowers pyramidal, narrow, elongated; petals linear-triangular, p. 259. U. orientalis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 636.
acute, generally closed, covering the base of the genitals; carpels Selanic Unona. Tree 60 feet.
baccate, smoothish, or exceedingly torulose.
Cult. The whole of this genus require the heat of a stove.
39 U. LATIFO'LIA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 115.) leaves broad- A light loamy soil suits them best; and ripened cuttings will
oblong-lanceolate, under surface woolly ; flowers racemose ; ber- strike root if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-
ries numerous, 2-3-seeded. h.S. Native of the Moluccas. glass, in heat. If seeds of any of them can be procured from
A tree with broad leaves, like those of Michèlia Champàca. their native places, they should be sown immediately, as they do
Berries, when ripe, about the size of a nut; at first whitish, not retain their vegetative power long, in a mixture of loam,
then reddish, and at last becoming black. Seeds aromatic. sand, and peat, and placed in a hot-bed.
Broad-leaved Unona. Tree 30 feet.
40 U. SYLVA’TICA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 115.) leaves ovate- IX. XYLO'PIA (from &vlov, xylon, wood, and repos, picros,
oblong, under surface tomentose; flowers solitary, on short bitter; the wood of some species are extremely bitter, abridged
pedicels ; berries ovate-oblong, fleshy, rough. h. s. Native from Xylopìcron.) Lin. gen. 1027. Lam. ill. t. 495. Aubl.
of Cochin-China in woods. Melodòrum arbòreum, Lour. coch. guian. 1. p. 602. Juss. gen. 283. Dun. mon. anon. p. 48. and
ed. Willd. 1. p. 430. A large tree, used in Cochin-China for 118. D. C. syst. 1. p. 499. prod. 1. p. 92.
.
building houses. Flowers of a greenish-white colour, fleshy. LIN. syst. Polyandria, Di-Polygynia. Calyx 3-5-lobed ;
Berries not eatable.
segments ovate, coriaceous, acutish. Petals 6, 3-outer ones
Wood Unona. Tree 40 feet.
largest. Stamens indefinite, inserted in the receptacle, which is
41 U. KENTII (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. usually globose. Carpels 2-15, on short stipes, flattened, 1-
1. p. 495.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, shining; pe- celled, 1-2-seeded, sometimes dehiscent, sometimes somewhat
duncles axillary, 1-flowered, nodding; berries globose, 2-seeded, baccate. Seeds obovate, shining, sometimes furnished with aril.
on short stipes. 5.S. Native of Java.
Trees or shrubs, with oblong or lanceolate leaves and axillary,
Kent's Unona. Shrub 6 feet.
bracteate, 1 or many-flowered peduncles. Wood bitter, whence
42 U. HU'MILIS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves broad-lanceolate, with the the name of P. Browne Xylopìcron. Fruit and bark aromatic.
veins underneath rufous-silky; peduncles opposite the leaves, 3- 1 X. MURICA'TA (Lin. spec. 1367.) leaves lanceolate, acumi-
flowered; berries 1-2-seeded, globose, stipitate. h.S. Native nated, strigose on the under surface, bearded at the apex ; pe-
of Java.
duncles many-flowered ; carpels muricated. ñ.S. Native of
Humble Unona. Shrub 6 feet.
Jamaica on the mountains. Dun. mon. anon. p. 120. X. fru-
43 U. DUMETO'RUM (Dun. mon. anon. p. 116.) leaves lanceo- téscens, Gært, fruct. 1. p. 339. t. 69. f. 7.—Brown. jam. 250.
late, smooth; flowers solitary; berries nearly sessile, ovate-ob- t. 5. f. 2. A shrub, with smooth twiggy twisted branches.
long, rough. ħ.S. Native of Cochin-China in bushy places. Muricated-carpelled Bitter-wood. Fl. ? Clt. 1773. Shrub 6 ft.
Melodòrum fruticosum, Lour. cochin, ed. Willd. 1. p. 430. A 2 X. FRUTE'SCENS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 602. t. 292. exclusive
shrub, with sweet-scented leaves. Flowers yellowish-brown. of the synonyms.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, under
Pulp of fruit, sparing, but of a grateful taste.
surface silky; peduncles 1-3, very short; carpels smooth. .
Bush Unona. Shrub 4 feet.
S. Native of Brasil and Guiana. Lam. ill. t. 495. Dun. mon.
44 U. LUCIDA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 498.) leaves oval-oblong, anon. p. 120. X. setòsa, Poir. dict. 8. p. 812. A shrub with
acuminated at both ends, quite smooth, upper surface shining; distich branches. The bark affords a cordage. The leaves and
,
peduncles simple; berries oblong, blunt, somewhat flattened and wood are very aromatic, and the seeds have an acrid aromatic
torulose, on short stipes. h.s. Native of Peru. Deless. icon. taste, and are used by the negroes in Guiana instead of pepper. .
sel. 1. t. 89.
Flowers 4-lines long, silky. Seeds full of a very fragrant acrid oil.
Shining-leaved Unona. Shrub 6 feet?
Shrubby Bitter-wood. Fl. ? Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet?
45 U. ACUTIFLORA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 116. t. 22.) leaves 3 X. SALICIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kth. spe. amer. nov. 5. p. 63.)
ovate-lanceolate, acute, rather stiff, smooth; peduncles very short, leaves oblong, acuminated, bluntish, under surface silky; pe-
--

ANONACEÆ. X. OROPHEA. XI. DUQUETIA.
97
-
a
duncles short, 1-flowered ? bracteolate. K.S. Native of South 1-valved. n. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio
America near Espinal. Dun. mon. anon. p. 120. t. 17. A tree Janeiro in woods. St. Hil. pl. usu. bra. t. 33. Embìra Pindaiba,
with blackish branches. Capsules 5-7, indehiscent.
Pis. bras. 71. with a figure. Ibira Margr. bras. 99. with a
Willow-leaved Bitter-wood. Tree 40 feet.
figure. Unòna carmativa, Amd. diss. 48?
4 X. LIGUSTRIFO'LIA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 121. t. 18.) leaves The tree is called Pao d. Embira and Pindaiba in Brasil. The
oblong, acutish, smooth ; peduncles short, few-flowered, bracteo- bark is thready and tough, and is useful for making cables and
late. h. s. Native of South America near Buga in Popayan. cordage. The bark of a number of the other species is employed
H. B. et Kth. nov. amer. spec. 5. p. 63. Petals and sepals on the
p
for the same purposes. The fruit is truly aromatic, with the
outside clothed with brown-velvety hairs. Capsules indehiscent. smell of a pear, and its taste is very agreeable. It might be
Privet-leaved Bitter-wood. Tree.
employed as an excellent condiment.
5 X. GLA'BRA (Lin. spec. 1367.) leaves oblong-ovate, smooth; Silky Bitter-wood. Tree 20 feet.
peduncles 1-flowered, solitary or in pairs ; carpels smooth. K
h. 12 X. BRASILIE'NIS (Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 50.) leaves lan-
S. Native of the islands of Barbadoes and Jamaica. Dun. mon. ceolate, acuminated, coriaceous, under surface pilose ; branchlets
anon. p. 121. t. 19.-Pluk. alm. 395. t. 238. f. 4. Flower- as well as erect 1-flowered peduncles, hairy ; petals thickish,
buds oblong, pubescent on the outside.
velvety, spreading. h.S. Native of Brasil. This plant is said
The wood, bark, and berries of this tree have an agreeable to be very like X. frutescens.
bitter taste, not unlike that of an orange-seed. The wild pigeons Brasil Bitter-wood. Tree 20 feet.
feed much upon the latter, and owe that delicate bitterish flavour Cult. All the species of this genus require a stove heat. They
so peculiar to them in the season wholly to this part of their grow best in sandy loam, or a mixture of loam and peat; and
food. Fresh gathered from the tree, they are agreeable to the ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, plunged in
palate and grateful to the stomach. The bitter quality of this a moderate heat. The seeds when procured from their native
tree is communicated with great facility. A handful of the countries should be sown immediately in pots in the same sort of
shavings immersed in water and instantly taken out again will soil recommended for the plants, and placed in a hot-bed. These
render it of a very bitter taste. Sugar sent over in hogsheads seeds soon lose their vegetative property.
made of this wood was so bitter that no person would purchase
it. Bedsteads and presses made of it are proof against cock- X. ORO'PHEA (from opoon, orophe, the top of any thing ;
roaches and other insects. Carpenters who work the wood
per-
cohesion of inner petals at apex.) Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex
ceive a bitter taste in their mouths and throats. A decoction of Schlecht. Linnæa 1. p.
496.
it is said to be of service in colics, and to create appetite. This LIN. Syst. Hexo-Enneándria, Tri-Tetragynia. Calyx 3-parted.
species is called bitter-wood in Jamaica. Perhaps all the species Petals 6, in two series, outer ones smallest, inner ones stalked,
of this genus partake more or less of this bitter quality.
cohering at the apex in the form of a calyptra. Stamens 6-9,
,
Smooth-leaved Bitter-wood. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Tree 40 feet. alternate ones usually sterile. Anthers 2-celled, adnate out-
6 X. MARTINICE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 636.) leaves obovate- wardly. Ovaries 3, rarely 4, villous, at first approximating, but
oblong, tapering into the petiole, smooth on both surfaces, but at length diverging, 2-seeded. Stigma blunt. Carpels 3-4,
of a different colour beneath ; branchlets angular ; peduncles rarely solitary from abortion, sessile, baccate, cylindrical, 1-2-
racemose. h.S. Native of Martinico.
seeded. Seeds adhering to the top of the cell.-Shrubs.
Martinico Bitter-wood. Tree 20 feet.
1 O. HEXA'NDRA (Blum. bijdr. A. ned. ind. ex Schlecht.
7 X. NI'TIDA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 122. t. 20.) leaves oblong- Linnæa. 1. p. 496.) leaves ovate-lanceolate; peduncles axillary
lanceolate, smooth, upper surface shining; peduncles branched, and terminal, solitary, somewhat racemose ; pedicels 1-flowered;
many-flowered; calyx nearly entire. ñ . s.
h. S. Native of Ca- flowers hexandrous. h.S. Native of Java.
yenne in the mountains of Oyac.
Hexandrous Orophea. Shrub.
Shining-leaved Bitter-wood. Fl.? Tree 28 feet.
2 O. ENNEA'NDRA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong ; peduncles
8 X. ACUMINA'TA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 122. t. 16.) leaves supra-axillary, or opposite the leaves, usually 3-flowered ; pedi-
oblong-elliptical, long-pointed, quite smooth, capsules 1-valved, cels in fascicles; flowers enneandrous. h. S. Native of Java.
2-seeded. h. S. Native of Cayenne and Portorico. Seeds Enneandrous Orophea. Shrub.
black, fetid, convex on the outside, and flat on the inside.
Cult. The species of Orophea will thrive well in a mixture
Acuminated-leaved Bitter-wood. Tree
of loam, peat and sand, and ripened cuttings will root if planted
9 X. PRINOIDES (Dun. mon. anon. p. 122. t. 15.) leaves in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat.
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, bluntish at the apex, smooth, None of the species have yet been introduced into the gardens
membranous; flowers solitary; capsules 2-valved.
capsules 2-valved. K. s. of Europe.t
Native of Cayenne. Seeds as in the preceding species.
Prinos-like Bitter-wood. Tree.
XI. DUQUE'TIA (to the honour of James Joseph Duquet,
10 X. GRANDIFLO'RA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 40.) stem arbo-
.
once professor of theology and philosophy in the college of
reous; branches clothed with rufous down; leaves elliptical-lan- Troyes. He wrote commentaries on most of the books of the
; ;
ceolate, acute, obtuse at the base, puberulous above and downy. New Testament, and a collection of letters on piety: born at
beneath ; peduncles very short, 2-flowered ; outer petals linear, Montbrison 1649, died 1733.) St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 35. t. 7.
acutish, inner ones triquetrous, 2-eared at the base. h. S. Lin. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Receptacle large, trans-
Native of Brasil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Leaves distich, versely 2-parted, cylindrically globose, honey-combed. Carpels
smooth, 4 inches long and 11 broad. Petals clothed with rufous numerous, free, 3-5-angled, acuminated with the permanent
silky pubescence.
style, tapering at the base into a thick hardly narrower pedicel,
Great-flowered Bitter-wood. Fl. Feb. Tree 20 feet. woody, very thick, l-seeded, indehiscent, deciduous. Seed
11 X. SERI'CEA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 41.) stem arboreous ;
.
erect, fixed to the bottom of the carpel.—A small tree, with
branches clothed with rufous down ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, alternate simple quite entire leaves, furnished with stipulas, short
with long points, smooth above, but silky beneath ; peduncles petioles, which are jointed at the base, and extra-axillary, soli-
quite short, 3-flowered; petals erect, outer ones oblong-linear, tary, 1-flowered, peduncles. This genus differs materially from
blunt, inner ones triquetrous; berries few, almost dry, smooth, the rest in the presence of stipulas.
O
a
VOL. I.PART II.

98
ANONACEÆ. XII. GUATTERIA.
a to
1 D. LANCEOLA'TA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 35. t. 7.) þ.s. petals nearly equal ; berries ovate-globose; stipe longer than
fl
Native of Brasil. Branches furfuraceous. Leaves about 3-
the berry. h. s. Native of Coromandel in the mountains.
inches long, lanceolate, rather acuminated, shining above, but Uvària cerasoides, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 30. t. 33. A large tree with
scurfy beneath. Carpels about 6-lines long, of a chesnut colour, bifarious branches. Fruit dark-red about the size and shape
shining, having the appearance of a plum.
of a small cherry, 1-seeded, they are eaten by the natives, but
Lanceolate-leaved Duquetia. Tree 16 feet.
are rather too astringent. Stigma broad purple. The wood
Cult. Duquetia will thrive very well in a mixture of sandy is employed for many purposes by the natives of Coromandel.
loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root in a pot of Cherry-like Guatteria. Clt. 1820. Tree 60 feet.
sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
6 G. SUBERO'SA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 128.) leaves oblong,
acute, smooth ; peduncles nearly opposite the leaves, 1-flowered;
XII. GUATTERIA (John Bapt. Guatteri, an Italian bota- outer petals smallest ; berries globose ; stipe one-half longer
nist, once a professor at Parma, mentioned by the authors of than the berry. h. S. Native of Coromandel. Uvària su-
Flora Peruviana.) Ruiz, et Pav. prod. p. 85. t. 17. Dun. mon. beròsa, Roxb. corom. 1. p. 31. t. 34. This plant is more com-
anon. p. 50 and 123. D. C. syst. 1. p. 502. prod. p. 93.
p
mon than G. cerasoides and smaller. The three outer petals are
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Sepals 3, joined at the greenish, the three inner ones whitish. Fruit dark-red, or almost
.
base (f. 25. a.) ovate, somewhat cordate, acute. Petals 6, (f. black, about the size of a small-pea. The wood is durable, of
25. b.) ovate or obovate. Anthers indefinite, nearly sessile. a chocolate colour, and very elastic.
Carpels indefinite (f. 25. c.) somewhat baccate, dry, coriaceous, Var. ß ; leaves narrowest at the base, and a little curled on the
ovate, or somewhat globose, stipitate, 1-seeded. Trees or shrubs margins.
with entire leaves, and axillary solitary, binate or tern, one or Var. y; leaves exactly oblong, pale glaucous; branchlets
rarely few-flowered peduncles.
villous.
1 G. ABEREMO'A (Dun. mon. anon. p. 126.) leaves ovate- Corky-barked Guatteria. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet.
oblong, acute, tomentose; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered; berries 7 G. MACROPHY'LLA (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. 'ex Schlecht.
somewhat stipitate, ovate, mucronate. h. S. Native of Guiana Linnæa. 1. p. 496.) leaves oval, tapering to both ends, coriace-
in woods. Aberemòa Guianensis, Aubl. gui. 1. p. 610. t. 245.
p
ous, pubescent beneath ; peduncles very short, lateral, few-
A small tree with large leaves. Berries about 20, yellowish. flowered ; outer petals shortest; berries egg-shaped, on short
Var. B, microcarpa (D. C. 1. c.) differing from the species in stipes. H.S. Native of Java.
the fruit being a little smaller.
Long-leaved Guatteria. Tree.
Aberemoa is the name of the species in Guiana. Tree 60 ft. 8 G. Bra'GMA (Blum. l. c.) leaves oblong, acuminated, shining
2 G. BRE'VIPES (D. C. syst. 1. p. 505.) leaves oval, somewhat above, with the veins underneath as well as the branchlets,
pointed, smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ; ber- tomentose ; peduncles lateral, very short, l-flowered; outer
ries ovate, on short stipes. n. S. Native of Guiana, and in the petals shortest.
h.S. Native of Java and the neighbouring
island of Trinidad, in woods. Leaves 8 or 12 inches long, and islands, where it is called Bragma.
3 or 4 broad. Flowers unknown.
Bragma Guatteria. Tree.
Short-footed-fruited Guatteria. Tree 60 feet.
9 G. PISOCA'RPA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves unequal at the base,
3 G. OUREGO'U (Dun mon.
FIG. 25.
ovate-oblong, bluntish, with the veins beneath as well as the
anon. p. 126.) leaves oblong-ellip-
branches tomentose; peduncles 1-flowered, usually opposite the
tic, acuminated, smooth ; peduncles
leaves, fruit 1-4, globose, almost sessile, smooth. h.S. Native
1-3, axillary; berries ovate, acute,
of Java.
on long stipes. n. S. Native of
Pea-fruited Guatteria. Tree 20 feet.
Guiana and the island of Trinidad
10 G. RUFA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 129. t. 29.) leaves oval,
in woods. Cananga Ouregòu. Aubl.
acuminated, cordate at the base, under surface clothed with brown
guian. 1. p. 608. t. 244. Flowers
tomentum as well as the branchlets; peduncles very short,
brown, sweet-scented. Berries
lateral, or opposite the leaves; petals equal; berries stipitate,
ovate, dry, coriaceous, yellowish.
velvety. h.S. Native of the East Indies in the islands of
The leaves when bruised are very
Timor and Java, Lindl. bot. reg. 836. Uvària tomentosa, Vahl.
aromatic, as well as all parts of the
ined. but not of Roxb. A small shrub with brownish-purple,
We have seen a tree in the
sweet-scented flowers. Berry 1-seeded, nearly the length of
island of Trinidad resembling this,
whose flowers were lateral on the
Rufous Guatteria. April, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 feet.
branches. Ouregou is the Carib-
11 G. CORDA'TA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 129. t. 30.) leaves cor-
bean name of this tree.
date at the base, oblong, acutish, under surface rather tomentose
Ouregou Guatteria. Fl. Sep. Tree 70 feet.
as well as the branchlets ; recemes opposite the leaves, short, few-
4 G. PoDoCaʼRPA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 503.) leaves oval-oblong, flowered. ħ. S. Native of Java. Corolla and calyx clothed
.
abruptly-acuminated, smooth ; peduncles axillary, solitary ; ber- with rusty tomentum.
ries ovate, submucronate ; stipe much longer than the berry. Cordate-leaved Guatteria. Tree.
h. S. Native of Cayenne. Very like G. Ouregòu, but the 12 G. ERIÓPODA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 505.) leaves oblong-lan-
berries are one-half larger; stipes 3 or 4 times longer than the ceolate, tapering a little to the base, acuminated, younger ones
berry. Flowers brown, sweet-scented.
villous; peduncles lateral, solitary, 1-flowered, tomentosely hispid.
Var. a, oligocárpa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 93.) berries 14-20, a h.s. Native of Peru about Cuchero. Deless. icon. sel. 1.
1
little ribbed.
t. 90. Flowers velvety and peduncles hairy.
Var. B, polycarpa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 93.) berries about 40, Hairy-peduncled Guatteria. 'Tree 20 feet.
not ribbed.
13 G. HIRSUTA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 146.) leaves
Stalked-fruited Guatteria. Tree 50 feet.
lanceolate, acuminated; peduncles axillary, smooth ; flowers
1
5 G. CERASOI' DES (Dun. mon. anon. p. 127.) leaves lan- hairy. h.s. Native of Peru in groves towards a village called
p
ceolate, acute, pubescent beneath ; peduncles axillary, solitary; Chinchao. Dun. mon. anon. p. 131. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per 5. t. 478.
tree.
the stipe.
с
1

ANONACEÆ. XII. GUATTERIA. .
99
Hairy-flowered Guatteria. Fl. Jun. Sept. Shrub 12 feet. the village called Arguassu, about 9 leagues from Rio Janeiro.
14 G. PE'NDULA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl.
per. syst. 1.
p. 146.) leaves Leaves 4-6 inches long and 11 to 21 broad. Peduncles axillary,
lanceolate ; peduncles axillary, very long, pendulous. n. S. 1-flowered, solitary or twin. Calyx 3-times shorter than the
Native of Peru in the mountains about Chinchao and Pozuzo. corolla, clothed with rusty hairs, with broad ovate segments.
Dun. mon. anon. p. 131. Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per 5. t. 476. .
Like G. Ouregou.
Pendulous-flowered Guatteria. Fl. May, July. Shrub 10 ft. Rusty Guatteria. Fl. Dec. Tree 20 feet.
15 G. OVA'lis (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p.
146. A.
per
5. 23 G. VILLOSISSIMA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 38.) stem arbo-
t. 476.) leaves oblong, oval; peduncles axillary. ħ.S. Native of rescent; branches
branches very villous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu-
Peru in the mountains about Pozuzo. Dun. mon. anon. p. 131. minated, convex, with revolute edges, smooth above, with the
Oval-leaved Guatteria. Fl. June, Aug. Tree 23 feet. middle nerve villous beneath ; peduncles axillary, usually pro-
16 G. GLAU'CA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 145.) leaves foundly 2-parted, 2-flowered; outer petals lanceolate, acute,
oblong or ovate, pointed; peduncles axillary. h.s. Native of inner ones a little shorter and narrower, ovate, acute.
h. S.
Peru in groves towards the villages of Cuchero and Chinchao. Native of Brazil on the iron mountains called Serra dos Piloes.
Dun. mon. anon. p. 131. Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per 5. t. 475. Leaves 5-6 inches long and 12-18 lines broad. Sepals ovate,
Glaucous Guatteria. Fl. Jun. Aug. Tree 20 feet.
acute, clothed with villi below but with rusty down above.
17 G. VIRGA'TA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 131. t. 31.) leaves ovate, Petals clothed with rusty-green hairs. Berries about 4 lines
acuminated, quite smooth, nearly sessile ; peduncles axillary, long, obovate-elliptical, crowned by the permanent styles, of a
1-flowered; berries somewhat stipitate, coriaceous, bluntish, egg- blackish-red colour with a thin pericarp. The wood of this tree
shaped. ħ. S. Native of Jamaica in wooded mountains. is very light, it is therefore made into fishing-rods, and on that
Uvaria lanceolàta, Swz. prod. 87. U. virgàta, Swz. fl. ind. account it is called in Brazil Pindaiba from pindai a rod, and
occid. 2. p. 999. A middle-sized tree with smooth bark and iba a tree.
flexile branches. The three outer petals are largest, white. Very villous Guatteria. Tree 25 feet.
Twiggy Guatteria. Fl.? Clt. 1793. Tree 16 feet.
24 G. SEMPERVIRENS (Dun. mon. anon. p. 133.) leaves ovate-
18 G. LAURIFOLIA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 132. t. 32.) leaves oblong, smooth, shining ; peduncles 1-flowered; petals oblong.
oblong, acuminated at both ends, smooth, on short petioles ; acute; berries stipitate, globose. h. S. Native of Malabar in
peduncles axillary, rather crowded; berries somewhat stipitate, many places, especially about Angiccaimaal.—Rheed. mal. 5.
egg-shaped, mucronate. h.S. Native of Jamaica on wooded p. 31. t. 16. A dwarf little tree, always green, flowering, and
mountains, and also in St. Domingo and Portorico. Uvària ex- fruiting. Petals cuspidate, reddish. Berries black, fleshy,
célsa, Vest. ex Vahl. in herb. Juss. A middle-sized tree with smooth, of an acid-sweet taste.
rigid branches and flexile twiggy branchlets. Petals white, nearly Evergreen Guatteria. Tree 10 feet.
equal, not expanding.
25 G. Kori’NTI (Dun. mon. anon. p. 133.) leaves ovate-oblong,
Laurel-leaved Guatteria. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet. smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered; petals oblong,
19 G. GOMEZIA'NA (St. 'Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 36.) stem arbo- bluntish ; berries stipitate, globose. h.S. Native every where
reous, with hairy branches ; leaves oblong or elliptical-oblong, in Malabar, especially in sandy and rocky places. Corínti-
acuminated at the apex and acute at the base, adult ones smooth panel, Rheed. mal. 5. p. 27. t. 14. A shrub from 5 to 10 feet
above but pilose beneath ; outer petals ovate, acutish or bluntish, high, covered with cinereous or lanuginose bark. Petals green,
,
inner ones longer and narrower, ovate or oblong-lanceolate. reflexed at the top. Berries at first green, afterwards reddish,
ħ. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. 1-seeded; flesh sweetish.
Leaves 2-4 inches long, 9-12 lines broad. Peduncles axillary, Corinti-panel Guatteria. Fl. Jul. Aug. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
solitary, 1-flowered.
Petals spreading, pubescent, green, or
26 G. MONTA'NA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 508.) leaves lanceolate-
yellowish-red.
oblong, narrow, smooth, shining ; peduncles in twos or threes,
Gomez de Abreu's Guatteria. Fl. Jan. Tree 30 feet.
1 or 3-flowered; petals inflexed. h. S. Native of Malabar
20 G. LUTEA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 37.) stem shrubby; in mountainous and rocky places about Paracaro. G. Malabarica,
branches hardly puberulous at the top; leaves oblong, downy; Dun. mon. p. 134.-Rheed. mal. 5. p. 33. t. 17. Very like G.
peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered ; outer petals óvate, Korinti, but the leaves are narrower and aromatic, and the
acute, inner ones a little longer and narrower, oblong, acute. flowers are smaller.
h.s. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes on Mountain Guatteria. Fl. and fruiting all the year. Tr. 16 ft.
high mountains near Villa Rica. Sepals ovate, acuminated, pu- 27 G. ACUTIFLO'RA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 134.) leaves ovate-
bescent. Petals yellowish, pubescent.
oblong, acute, thick, smooth; peduncles axillary, short; lobes of
Yellon-flowered Guatteria. Fl. Jan. Shrub 8 feet.
calyx blunt ; petals very acute ; berries stipitate, globose. N.S.
21 G. AUSTRA'lis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 37.) stem frutescent; Native of Malabar in mountainous places.-Rheed. mal. 5.
branches pubescent or smoothish; adult leaves oblong-elliptical, t. 18. An
An evergreen shrub.
acuminated, smooth; petals almost equal, ovate, obtuse; berries Acute-flowered Guatteria. Fl. all the year. Shrub 4 ft.
obovate, obtuse. K.S. Native of Brazil in the province of 28 G. UMBILICA'TA (Dun. mon. anon. p. 135. t. 33.) leaves
St. Paul on the banks of the river Tarere. Leaves 4 inches oblong-elliptical, acuminated, smooth ; peduncles 1-flowered,
long, 9-12 lines broad. Calyx 4 times shorter than the recep- bracteolate ; berries stipitate, umbilicate at the base, depressed
tacle, pubescent. Berries blunt, black, with a thin pericarp, at the apex. h. S. Native perhaps of South America or the
seated on a short receptacle.
West Indies. Fruit about the size of a small cherry. Seeds
Southern Guatteria. Fl. Jan. Shrub 12 feet.
globose, depressed on both sides.
22 G. FERRUGI'NEA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 38.) stem arbo- Umbilicated-berried Guatteria. Shrub 10 feet.
reous; branches clothed with rusty pubescence at the top; 29 G. CUNEIFO'RMis (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht.
leaves elliptical, acute, rather cuneated at the base, puberulous, Linnæa 1. p. 496.) leaves obovate, somewhat cordate at the
with the middle nerve and lateral veins clothed with rusty pu- base, smooth, glaucous beneath; peduncles lateral, 1-flowered,
bescence, outer petals oblong-linear, acutish, inner ones broader, elongated; outer petals leafy, elongated; fruit smooth, egg-
, .
a little shorter than the rest, ovately-trapeziform, obtuse, with a shaped, tapering to both ends. h.s. Native of Java.
short point. h.S. Native of Brazil in cut down woods, near Wedge-shaped-leaved Guatteria. Tree.
-
;
p. 35.
O 2

100
ANONACEÆ. XIII. BOCAGEA. XIV. MOLLINEDIA.
a
.
;
30 G. LATERIFLO'RA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acuminated, late, smooth ; peduncles lateral, compressed, bifid. ħ. S.
smooth ; peduncles lateral, solitary, 1-flowered; fruit oval, ta- Native? Anòna distincta, Will. herb. maur. p. 42.
pering to the base, shorter than the stipe. H.S. Native of Willemet's Guatteria. Tree 20 feet.
Java.
42 G. MAYPURE'NSIS (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 64.)
Side-flowered Guatteria. Tree.
leaves oblong, acuminated, running along the petiole, somewhat co-
31 G. PA'LLIDA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong, tapering to both riaceous, smooth, shining; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered,
ends, smooth, pale beneath; peduncles lateral, solitary, 1-flowered, petals oblong, blunt, outer ones a little smaller. h.s. Native
longer than the petiole ; fruit stipitate, oblong, tapering a little near Maypures in the mission of Orinoco.
Flowers yellow.
to both ends, pubescent. h.s. Native of Java.
Maypure Guatteria. Tree 20 feet.
Pale Guatteria. Tree.
Cult. The species of this genus are all stove plants. They
32 G. BERTERIA'NA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 635.) leaves oblong, require a loamy soil or a mixture of loam and peat. Ripe
obtuse, quite smooth on both surfaces, serrated, and quite entire ; cuttings strike well in sand, under a hand-glass, placed in a mo-
carpels very numerous, rather tomentose, oblique, mucronated, derate heat. The seeds, when procured from their native places
about equal in length to the stipes. ħ.s. Native of Portorico. of growth, should be sown immediately in pots, filled with a mix-
Bertero's Guatteria. Tree.
ture of loam, peat, and sand, and then plunged into a hot-bed,
33 G. PRINOIDES (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 635.) leaves oblong- but as they soon become rancid, it is doubtful whether they will
lanceolate, oblique, tapering to both ends, obsoletely serrated, remain good during a voyage.
shining above; branches twiggy; fruit oblique, mucronated, on
very short stipes. ħ. S. Native of Hispaniola.
XIII. BOCA'GEA (to the honour of Joseph Maria de
Prinos-like Guatteria. Shrub.
Souza du Bocage, who elegantly translated the poem of Casteli
34 G. VIRIDIFLO'RA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, coriaceous, notes.) St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 41.
on flowers into the Portuguese language, and illustrated it with
smooth; flowers solitary, terminal. h. S. Native of Peru.
)
Uvària viridiflòra, Ruiz. et Pav. MSS. in herb. Lamb. (v. s.)
LIN. Syst. Hexandria, Trigynia. Calyx 3-parted, or almost
Green-flowered Guatteria. Tree.
entire and cup-shaped. Petals 6, disposed in a double series,
35 G. DECA'NDRA ; leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth, ex-
deciduous. Stamens 6, flattened, deciduous, opposite the petals ;
cept the nerves; peduncles lateral ; flowers decandrous. ñ.s.
anthers 2-celled, bursting lengthwise outwardly. Ovaries 3, seat-
Native of Peru. Uvària decándra, Ruiz. et Pav. MSS. in herb.
ed on a short receptacle, hardly connected together or completely
Lamb. (v. s.)
free, 1-celled, 5-6-seeded. Berries 1-3, quite distinct, rather
Decandrous Guatteria. Shrub.
dry and tapering into a short pedicel, 1-celled, 3-seeded from
36 G. PAVO'NII ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, smooth, long, acu-
abortion. Seeds horizontal, arillate. Albumen large, fleshy.
Trees or shrubs.
minated ; branches clothed with brown villi as well as the petioles
Leaves simple, quite entire, on short petioles,
and the 1-flowered solitary axillary peduncles. h.S. Native of
which are jointed at the base, without stipulas. Peduncles few,
Peru. Uvària longifolia, Ruiz. et Pav. MSS. in herb. Lamb. (v. s.) extra-axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, jointed above the middle.
1 B. A’LBA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 42.) branches hardly pu-
Pavon's Guatteria. Shrub.
37 G. VILLO'SA (Roxb. hort. beng. under Uvària) all parts of
berulous at the top ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat acumi-
the tree very villous ; leaves oblong or roundish, cordate at the nated, smooth, shining ; outer petals linear, acutish inner, ones
, ,
base, on very short petioles ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, very
shorter, narrower, and triquetrous above; ovaries 5-seeded.
long, rising below the leaves ; flowers very villous; calyx of 6
h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. A
small ovate, acute, equal sepals; corolla of 3, obtuse petals,
small tree with leaves about 2 inches long. Flowers white.
which are purple inside and clothed with white villi on the
White-flowered Bocagea. Fl. Sept. Tree 15 feet.
outside. n. S. Native of the East Indies above the Ghat
2 B. viridis (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 42. t. 9.) branchlets pu-
Coadwara. Carpels winged, 1-seeded.
bescent; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute at the base
Villous Guatteria. Tree 40 feet.
and acuminated at the apex, smooth above, pilose beneath ;
38 G. PILO'SA (Roxb. MSS. under Uvària) leaves oblong or
outer petals ovate, acute, concave, inner ones broader, roundish-
oval, somewhat cordate at the base, beset with tufts of brown
ovate, acute; ovaries 8-seeded. h.s. Native of Brazil in the
2
villi
, particularly remarkable on the margins ; pedicels lateral, provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes. Leaves about 2
1-flowered, clothed with long fuscous hairs as well as the 3
inches long. Petals green, converging into a globe.
sepals of the calyx; petals 6, equal, lanceolate, obtuse, wavy,
Green-flowered Bocagea. Shrub 6 feet.
apparently purple. h. v.S. Native of the East Indies. Fruit
XIV. MOLLINE'DIA (Francis Mollinedo, a Spanish chemist
unknown.
and naturalist, mentioned by the authors of Flora Peruviana, p.
Pilose Guatteria. Tree 40 feet.
72.) Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1, p. 142. fl. per. 5. t. 472.
.
39 G. MICROCA'RPA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 479.) leaves LIN. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Calyx turbinate, nearly
SYST
obovate-oblong, villous on the nerves, abruptly acuminated, pe- closed, quadrifid, torn in pieces by the fruit as it
grows.
Corolla
duncles 1-flowered, solitary, axillary ; petals fiddle-shaped, mu-
Anthers wedge-shaped, sessile. Carpels numerous.
cronate, nearly equal, clothed with brown villi as well as sepals Stigmas awl-shaped, sessile. Drupes baccate, numerous, sessile,
and branches ; carpels small, oval. h.S. Native of Peru. oblong, 1-seeded, seated on a flat receptacle. Trees or shrubs
Small-fruited Guatteria. Tree 30 feet.
with axillary or lateral flowers. This genus differs from the rest
40 G. MAGNIFICA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 480.) leaves in having opposite or tern leaves.
large, obovate-oblong, cordate at the base, on very short thick 1 M. REPA'NDA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. P.
petioles ; peduncles trichotomous, 3-flowered, beset with a few 5. t. 472.) leaves opposite, oval, and elliptical, wrinkled, repand.
scaly bracteas; petals 6, conniving, or corolla 6-lobed, globose; h.s. Native of Peru in groves at Chinchao. The drupes,
'carpels few, obovately-globose. h.S. Native of Peru.
when ripe are of a beautiful purple colour, and tinge the hands
Magnificent Guatteria. Tree.
and linen with the same colour.
† Species not sufficiently known.
Repand-leaved Mollinedia. Fl. May, June. Tree 25 feet.
2 M. OVA'TA (Ruiz. et Pav. A. per. syst. 1. p. 143. fl. per. 5.
5
41 G. WILLEMETIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 94.) leaves lanceo- t. 473.) leaves opposite, ovate, shining, serrated from the middle
none.
142. fl. per.

SCHIZANDRIACEÆ. I. SCHIZANDRA. II. SARCOCARPUM. III. SPHÆROSTEMMA. IV. KADSURA.
101
p. 212.
a
to the apex. ħ. S. Native of Peru in groves at Chinchao. along an elongated receptacle (f. 26. b.). A smooth, climbing
Drupes, when ripe, are eaten with avidity by birds, and they shrub, with ovate-lanceolate leaves, and small scarlet flowers.
supply a fine violet colouring.
1 S. cocci'NEA (Mich. fl. bor.
FIG. 26.
Ovate-leaved Mollinedia. Fl. May, June. Shrub 12 feet. amer. 2. p. 219. t. 47.) N. v. G.
3 M. LANCEOLA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 143. fl.
.
Native of Carolina and Georgia
per. 5. t. 474.) leaves opposite or tern, lanceolate, toothed from in woods. Sims, bot. mag. t.
the middle to the apex. h.S. Native of groves at Chinchao. 1413. Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1.
Lanceolate-leaved Mollinedia. Fl. May, June. Shrub 12 ft.
Cult. This species of Mollinèdia will thrive in a mixture of Scarlet Schizandra. Fl. June,
loam and sand with the addition of a little peat, and ripe cuttings July. Clt. 1806. Shrub cl.
will strike root if planted in a pot of sand, and placed in heat Cult. A desirable plant, being
under a hand-glass.
a greenhouse climber with scarlet
flowers. A mixture of sand, peat,
ORDER V. SCHIZANDRIA'CEÆ (plant agreeing with
and loam suits it well, and ripened
Schizandra in many important characters). Blum, bijdr. fl. ind. cuttings will strike root if planted
6.
ex Schlecht. Linnæa 1. p. 497. obs.
in a pot of sand, placed under a
hand-glass.
Flowers monoecious or dioecious. Sepals 3, sometimes want-
ing. Petals 9 to 12 (f. 26. a.) disposed in a ternary order.
Male flowers with 5 or numerous stamens (f. 27. a.) connate or II. SARCOCA'RPUM (from oapě, sarx, flesh, kaptos,
καρπος, kar-
free, seated on a hemispherical disk. Anthers adnate, bursting pos, a fruit ; fleshy fruit). Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht.
outwards by distinct chinks. Ovaries in the female flowers
Linnæa 1.
P
497.
LIN. SYST.
crowded on a long conical torus, at length elongated (f. 26. b.)
Monce'cia, Polyándria. Flowers monoecious,
.
2-seeded, baccate. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight. Co-
male ones with 3 bracteas, 3 sepals, and 9-12 petals disposed in
a ternary order. Filaments very short, covering the hemispherical
tyledons oval. Usually climbing shrubs with ovate-lanceolate
disk, nevertheless they are free ; anthers adnate, outwardly.
or oblong leaves and axillary or lateral, 1-flowered peduncles. Female flowers with a calyx and corolla like that of the
This order differs from Menispermàceæ in the presence of albumen,
male ones.
Ovaries numerous, crowded upon a conical torus.
as well as in the ovaries being numerous, seated on a long slender
Berries 2-seeded, collected into one fruit. Albumen fleshy. A
climbing shrub, with ovate-oblong leaves and crowded axillary or
receptacle, and in the different habit of the plants, and from Ano-
lateral 1-flowered peduncles.
ndceæ in the albumen not being ruminated or pierced by the seed-
1 S. SCA'NDENS (Blum. 1. c.) H. v.S. Native of Java.
coat as well as in the very distinct habit of the plants. The me- Climbing Sarcocarpum. Shrub cl.
dical qualities of this order are not known. Seeds do not retain Cult. This plant will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat,
their vegetative power any length of time, therefore they will be and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of sand,
difficult to introduce in a living state.
placed under a hand-glass, in heat. +
Synopsis of the Genera.
III. SPHÆROSTE'MMA (opaipa, sphaira, a globe, oteppa,
stemma, a crown; stamens seated on globose disk). Blum.
1 Schiz A'NDRA. Flowers with 9 petals (f. 26. a.) without any
bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnæa 1. p. 497.
.
SYST
sepals. Male flowers with 5 anthers, connected at the apex.
LIN. Syst. Monce'cia, Polyándria. Flowers monoecious or
dioecious. Calyx bracteate, 3-sepalled, and with about 9 petals
Berries seated on a long receptacle (f. 26. b.)
disposed in a ternary order. Stamens numerous, seated on the
2 SARCOCA'RPUM. Flowers with 3 bracteas, 3 sepals, and globose disk; filaments almost connate.
.
Female flowers with
9-12 petals. Filaments very short, free. Ovaries numerous, numerous ovaries seated upon a conical torus, which is at length
crowded on a conical receptacle.
elongated. Berries 2-seeded. Albumen fleshy. Climbing shrubs.
This differs from the last in the stamens being connate,
genus
3 SPHÆROSTE'MMA. Flowers with 3 sepals and 9 petals.
and in the carpels being disposed in spikes, distant, not crowded.
Filaments somewhat connate. Ovaries seated upon a conical torus,
1 S. AXILLA'RIS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves quite entire, ovate-lan-
at length elongated.
ceolate, acuminated; peduncles axillary, usually solitary, l-
4 KADSU'RA. Calyx 3-parted. Petals 6-12.
.
Petals 6-12. Anthers ses- flowered, scarcely equal in length to the petiole ; flowers dioe-
sile, seated upon a honey-combed receptacle, free. Ovaries 30-40,
cious; outer filaments free. ħ. v. S. Native of Java.
seated upon a long receptacle.
Axillary-flowered Sphærostemma. Shrub cl.
2 S. ELONGA'TA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acuminated, finely
5 Ma'YNA. Calyx 3-parted or 3-sepalled. Petals 6-9 (f. 27. denticulated, smooth; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, much
c.), smaller than the calyx. Filaments short. Anthers 4-sided longer than the petiole ; flowers dioecious; filaments all connate.
(f. 27. a.), thickest at the apex. Female flowers unknown.
.v. S. Native of Java.
Elongated-peduncled Sphærostemma. Shrub cl.
I. SCHIZA'NDRA (from oxiśw, schizo, to cut, and avmp,
Cult. See Sarcocarpum.
avopos, aner, andros, a male organ; stamens cleft). Mich. A.
bor. amer. 2. p.
18. D. C. syst. 1. p. 543.
IV. KADSU'RA (Tuto-Kadsura or Sane-Kadsura is the Ja-
LIN. SYST.
Monoecia, Pentándria Flowers monoecious.
.
panese name of K. Japónica). Juss. ann. mus. 16. p. 340.
Sepals 9, in a ternary order (f. 26. a.) Petals wanting. Male Dunal. mon. anon. p. 57. D. C. syst. 1. p. 465.
flowers with 5 anthers, which are joined at the apex, female ones Lin. syst. Dic'cia, Polyándria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx
with an indefinite number of ovaries. Berries disposed in spikes 3-parted. Petals 6, disposed in a ternary order. Anthers
a
5

102
SCHIZANDRIACEÆ. V. MAYNA. MENISPERMACEÆ.
sessile or on very short filaments, seated on a honey-combed re- into Europe, the mode of cultivating and propagating them is
ceptacle. Ovaries numerous, crowded upon a long receptacle. therefore unknown, but notwithstanding we would advise their
Berries just so many, sessile, 1-celled, 2-seeded. Climbing or being grown in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened
twining shrubs with ovate-lanceolate or oblong leaves, and 1- cuttings will no doubt root if planted in a pot of sand, with a
flowered peduncles.
hand-glass placed over them, in heat. |
1 K. JAPO’NICA (Dunal, monogr. p. 57.) twining ; leaves
oval, or oblong-oval, acute at both ends, serrated, smooth, thick ; Order VI. MENISPERMACEÆ (plant agreeing with Me-
peduncles opposite the leaves, 1-flowered, usually solitary, longer nispermum in many important characters). D. C. prod. 1.
1
p.
95.
than the petioles; anthers sessile, immersed. ħ..G. Native
Menispérmeæ, Jaum. fam. 2. p. 82. t. 86. D. C. syst. 1. p. 509.
p
.
of Japan about Nagasaki. Uvària Japónica, Lin. spec. 756.
Uvaria heteroclita, Roxb.-Koemf. amoen. 476 and 185. t. 477.
Flowers unisexual. Sepals and petals of a definite number, deci-
hist. jap. 458. with a figure. Bark warted, fleshy, and clammy. duous, disposed in a ternary or quaternary, rarely quinary order,
Petioles purplish. Flowers white. Berries 2-seeded, red, but but the petals are sometimes absent. Stamens in the male flowers
white within.
monodelphous (f. 28. c.) rarely free, equal in number with the
pe-
Japan Kadsura. Fl. June, Sept. Shrub twining.
tals, and opposite them, rarely double that number or fewer. An-
2 K. GRANDIFLO'RA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. 1. p. 10. t. 14.)
twining ; leaves oblong, acuminated, serrated, netted beneath;
thers adnate, usually adhering the whole length of the filaments,
peduncles 1-flowered, solitary, nodding, twice as long as petioles, bursting outwards. In the female flowers the ovaries are numer-
bractless; stamens complete; filaments awl-shaped. ñ. . G. ous (f. 28. i. f. 30. a.) somewhat connected at the base, some-
Native of Nipaul on Sheopore. The whole shrub smooth.
times solitary, each bearing a style, or many-celled. Drupes nearly
Flowers whitish-yellow, purplish towards the base. Berries 2-
seeded, in spikes on a thick clavated receptacle.
all baccate, 1 or many-seeded, oblique or lunulate, compressed,
Great-flowered Kadsura. Shrub twining.
with the seeds of the same form. Embryo curved or peripheric.
3 K. PROPI’NQUA (Wall. l. c. p. 11. t. 15.) twining; leaves
twining ; leaves Albumen wanting, or when present it is very sparing and fleshy.
ovate-lanceolate, almost quite entire ; flowers in fascicles, erect- Cotyledons flat, sometimes distant, and placed in the two cells of
ish; peduncles furnished with bracteas, hardly equalling the
the seed. Climbing or twining shrubs, mostly natives within the
petioles in length; anthers sessile, immersed. h. n. S. Native
of Nipaul on Sheopore. Flowers solitary or twin, inodorous, tropics, with alternate, stalked, usually cordate or peltate, sim-
pale-yellow, at length orange, drooping a little. Berries 2- ple, rarely compound leaves, always with the middle nerve
seeded, spiked on a tuberculated receptacle.
terminating in an awn or point, destitute of stipulas. Flowers
Allied Kadsura. Shrub twining.
small, usually racemose and axillary. This order differs from
Cult. The species of Kadsùra
will thrive well in sandy loam Anonàceæ in the plants being climbing, which is very rarely the
and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted in a
case in that order, as well as in the stamens being definite, in the
pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass.
structure of the fruit, and distinct habit of the plants, and from
V. MAY'NA (probably the name of M. odoràta in Guiana). Berberideæ in the stamens being opposite the petals. The bitter
Aubl. guian. 2. p. 922. t. 352. Juss. 281. Lam. dict. 3. p.
68. diuretic sorts of Pareira brava are the produce of Cissampelos
t. 491. D.C. syst. 1. p. 446. prod. 1. p. 79.
Pareira. The famous Colomba-root, so much esteemed for its
LIN. SYST. Dice'cia, Polyándria. Flowers dioecious, male
ones of 3 sepals and 6-9 petals (f. 27. c.) and numerous 4-sided
intense bitterness, and for its use in diarrhoea and dysentery, is
anthers (f. 27. a.). The carpels are perhaps disposed in spikes,
the produce of Cocculus palmàtus. The poisonous drug called
on an elongated receptacle ? Shrubs with large stalked smooth Cócculus Indicus is the produce of Cócculus suberosus, and several
leaves and small axillary flowers.
Brazilian species of Cocculus are said to possess powerful febrifugal
1 M. ODORA'TA (Aubl. guian.
FIG. 27.
qualities, which may be said of the whole of the plants of this order
2. p. 922. t. 352.) leaves oblong,
quite entire. n. S. Native of
h
in a greater or less degree. The berries of Lardizabala biternàta
Cayenne. Pedicels numerous, ax-
are sold in the markets of Chili, according to different travellers.
illary, 1-flowered. Flowers small,
The seeds do not retain their vegetating power any length of time,
white, sweet-scented.
therefore they are truly difficult to import in a living state from
Sweet-scented Mayna. Fl. Dec.
any great distance, but as none of the species are ornamental,
Shrub 8 feet.
2 M. SERICEA (Spreng. neu.
this is the less to be regretted.
entd. 2. p. 158.) leaves lanceolate,
Synopsis of the Genera.
quite entire, silky on the under
TRIBE I.
surface. h.s. Native of Brazil.
Flowers stalked, axillary, aggre-
LARDIZABA'LEÆ. D. C. prod. 1. p. 95. Flowers usually
gate, sweet-scented, usually 6-
dioecious. Male flowers with symmetrical number of parts (f. 28.
petalled. Ovaries usually 6.
a.d.). Carpels numerous, distinct (f. 28. i.) many-seeded, 1 or
Silky-leaved Mayna. "Shrub 6
feet.
many-celled. Leaves compound.
3 M. BRASILIE'NSIS (Raddi in act. soc. ital. 18. p. 23.) leaves 1 LARDIZABA'LA. Flowers dioecious. Sepals and petals dis-
oblong, toothletted, tapering much at the base; peduncles 3-
posed in a ternary order (f. 28. a. d. h.) in 2 or 3 series. Male
flowered. h.s. Native near Rio Janeiro in the dense woods in
flowers with 6 monodelphous stamens (f. 28. c. b.) female ones
the mountain of Cercovado.
Brazilian Mayna. Tree 40 feet.
with 3-6 6-celled berries (f. 28. i.) cells many-seeded.
Cult. As no species of this genus has as yet been introduced 2 STAUNTO'NIA. Sepals disposed in a ternary order in 2
a

MENISPERMACEÆ. I. LARDIZABALA.
103
series. Petals wanting. Male flowers with 6 monodelphous wanting. Stamens 24. Anthers bifid at both ends. Carpels
stamens. Female flowers unknown.
4, connected together into one 4-furrowed ovary, bearing only
3 BURASA'IA. Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary order one style, which is terminated by 4 spreading stigmas.
in 2 series. Male flowers with 6 stamens, which are connected 17 CLY'PEA. Male flowers with 6 sepals, the 3 alternate ones
at the base. Ovary triple. Drupes 3.
smaller. Petals 3. Filament 1, truncate, crowned by an an-
4 HOLBO'LLIA. Flowers monoecious. Sepals 6, in two nular anther. Female flowers with 6 sepals without petals.
series. Male flowers with 6 stamens, furnished with a gland at Stigma filiform. Berry superior.
the base of each stamen. Berries 3, distinct, oblong, follicular,
Allied Genera.
1-celled, many-seeded.
18 MENISCO'STA. Flowers polygamous, male ones with a
5 GynOSTE'MMA. Sepals 10, in 2 series, connected at the small 4-5-cleft calyx and 4-5 petals disposed in two series.
base. Petals wanting. Male flowers with 5 monodelphous sta- Stamens 5, broad, opposite the petals, and glued to them at the
mens; female ones with 3-4-celled ovary; cells 1-seeded.
base. Ovary didymous, sterile. Female flowers with the calyx,
corolla, and stamens as in the male. Ovary didymous. Stigmas
TRIBE II.
2, bluntish. Drupes 2, baccate, kidney-shaped, compressed,
MENISPE'RMEÆ. D. C. prod. 1.
D. C. prod. 1. p.96. Flowers usually dioe-
1-seeded.
cious. Male ones with a symmetrical number of parts (f. 29.a.b.).
19 Jo'DES. Flowers dioecious, male ones with a 5-parted
Carpels numerous, distinct (f. 30. a.), 1-celled, 1-seeded (f. 30. b.). calyx, a 5-parted corolla, and 5 stamens which are connected at
f
Leaves simple. Flowers small, usually greenish yellow.
the base; female ones with the calyx and corolla as in the male,
6 SPIROSPE'RMUM, Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary
but are usually 6-cleft. Ovary simple, ovate-globose, 1-seeded.
order in 2 series. Male flowers with 6 stamens, the 3 inner ones
Stigma sessile, orbicular, radiately emarginate. Fruit unknown.
connected at the base ; female ones with 8 or 9 carpels.
Tribe I.
7 Co'cculus. Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary order,
LARDIZABALEÆ (plants agreeing in character with Lar-
in 2, rarely 3, series (f. 29. a. b.). Male flowers with 6 free
dizabala). D. C. prod. 1. p. 95. Flowers usually dioecious.
stamens, which are opposite the petals, female ones with 3-6
Male flowers equal in number of parts. Carpels many, distinct,
carpels.
many-seeded, 1 or many-celled. Leaves compound.
8 Cosci’NIUM. Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary order,
I. LARDIZABA'LA, (in honour of Michael Lardizala y
in 2 series. Male flowers with 6 free stamens, female ones with
Uribe, a Spanish naturalist, mentioned by the authors of Flora
Peruviana, p. 133.) Ruiz, et Pav. prod. p. 143. t. 37. D. C.sys. 1.
3 ovaries. Berries 1-3. Seed pierced by a large hole.
p. 511. prod. 1. p. 95.
9 TILIACO'RA. Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary order ;
LIN. SYST.
Dice' cia or Polygàmia, Monodélphia Flowers
sepals 6; petals 3. Male flowers with 6 stamens, alternate ones dioecious or polygamous. Sepals and petals disposed in a ter-
shortest ; female flowers with about 12 ovaries. Berries on nary order in 2 or 3 series (f. 28. a.d. h.). Male flowers with
pedicels.
6 monodelphous stamens (f. 28. c.b.). Female with 3 or 6 6-celled
berries (f. 28. i. e.); cells many-seeded. Pulp of fruit sweet and
10 ANAMIRTA. Calyx of 2 sepals. Petals 6 in 2 series.
eatable.
Stamens 6, monodelphous; anthers collected into a globe. Fe- 1. L. BITERNA'TA (Ruiz. et Pav.
FIG. 28.
male flowers unknown.
fl. per. syst. 286. prod. t. 37.)
11 PsEʼLIUM. Sepals and petals disposed in a ternary order,
leaves 2-3-ternate; leaflets oblong,
in 2 series. Male flowers with 6 free stamens; female ones acute, unequal at the base, hence a
little toothed; bracteas 2, large, un-
with 4 sepals without petals, with a single ovary and a trifid stigma. equally cordate, situated at the base
f
12 CISSAʼMPELOS. Male flowers with 4 sepals, without petals, of peduncle. ħ. n. S. Native
and 4 or 2 monodelphous stamens. Female flowers with 1 lateral of Chili in, woods at Conception ;
sepal and 1 petal in front of the sepal. Ovary 1. Stigmas 3.
also in Peru about Arauco. The
fruit eatable, and is gathered and
Drupe obliquely kidney-shaped.
sold at markets by the natives of
13 MENISPEÓRMUM. Sepals and petals disposed in a quater-
Peru and Chili. The pulp is sweet
nary order, in 2 or 3 series. Male flowers with 16-20 stamens,
and grateful to the taste. It is
female ones with 2 or 4 ovaries. Drupe baccate, roundish-kid- known in Peru by the name of Aguil-
d
ney-shaped.
boguil and Guilbogui, and in Chili
14 ABU'TA. Flowers unknown. Berries 2 or 3, rising from by that of Coguill-Vochi.
Biternate-leaved Lardizabala.
the same receptacle (f. 30. a.), large, ovate, dry, somewhat com-
Shrub twining.
pressed, with a fragile covering, (f. 30. b.).
2 L. TRITERNA'TA (Ruiz. et Pav. Al. per. syst. 287.) leaves 2-
15 Tricho'a. Sepals and petals 3, reflexed at the top. 3-ternate ; leaflets oval or obovate, obtuse, quite entire ; bracteas
Male flowers with 6 stamens inserted in the disk, the 3 outer 2, large, ovate, situated at the base of the peduncle. ħ.^.S.
ones are sterile alternating with the petals, the 3 central ones
Native of Chili in the woods at Conception. Deless. icon. sel.
1. t. 91. Flowers unknown. Fruit 3, oblong cylindrical ;
monodelphous and fertile. Female flowers with 6 sterile stamens
younger ones crowned by the thick stigma.
and 3 drupaceous, coriaceous, oblong, villous, carpels.
Triternate-leaved Lardizabala. Shrub twining.
16 AGDE'STIS. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 4. Petals 3 L. TRIFOLIA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 513.) leaves ternate, tri-
i
9
.

104
MENISPERMACEÆ. II. STAUNTONIA. III. BURASAIA. IV. HolBÖLLIA. V. GYNOSTEMMA, &c.
-
a
a
foliate ; leaflets ovate ; bracteas small, along the pedicels. n. LIN. syst. Dice'cia, Monodélphia. Flowers dioecious. Sepals
S. Native of Peru. Deless, icon. sel. 1. t. 92. A some- 10, disposed in a quinary order, connected at the base. Petals
what climbing shrub, with the habit of a species of Glycine. wanting. Stamens 5, monodelphous, bearing the anthers on the
Flowers whitish-yellow. Petals 6, ovate-roundish, situated at outside ; anthers 2-celled, connected into a ring. Female
the base of the column of stamens.
flowers with the calyx as in the male. Ovary simple, half in-
Trifoliate Lardizabala. Shrub cl.
ferior, 3-5-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Stigmas 3-4, permanent.
Cult. See Cócculus and Stauntònia.
Drupes globose, 3-4-celled ; cells or nuts 1-seeded. Embryo
inverted, without albumen.-Climbing shrubs, with simple or
II. STAUNTO'NIA (in honour of Sir George Staunton, who pedate leaves.
has introduced numerous plants from China, on his return from
1 G. PEDA'TA (Blum. l. c.) leaves 3-7-foliate ; leaflets ovate-
a mission there with Lord Macartney). D. C. syst. 1. p. 513. oblong, coarsely toothed ; panicle axillary. . v. S. Native
prod. 1. p.96.
of Java.
LIN. Syst. Dice'cia Monodélphia. Sepals disposed in a ter-
Pedate-leaved Gynostemma. Shrub cl.
nary order in 2 series. Petals none. Male flowers with 6
2 G. SIMPLICIFO'LIA (Blum. l. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, acumi-
monodelphous stamens. Female flowers unknown.
nated, smooth, terminated by a repand-serrulated mucrone ; ra-
1 S. CHINE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 514.) h.v.G. Native of
cemes panicled, axillary, and terminal. h.U.S. Native of Java.
China. Sepals of flower 6 lines long. Anthers whitish. Leaves
Simple-leaved Gynostemma. Shrub cl.
on petioles, peltate, 5-foliate. A smooth sarmentose shrub.
Cult. See Cocculus and Stauntònia.
Chinese Stauntonia. Shrub rambling.
Tribe II.
Cult. This plant, as well as all belonging to Menispermàceæ,
require plenty of room to grow and climb or they will not
MENISPE'RMEÆ (plants agreeing in character with Menis-
flower. A mixture of loam and peat suit it well, and cuttings pérmum.) D.C. prod. 1. p. 96. Flowers usually dioecious ; male
put in in the spring will root freely, under a hand-glass. +
flowers equal in number of parts. Carpels many, distinct, 1-
celled, 1-seeded. Leaves simple. Twining or climbing shrubs, with
III. BURASAIA om Bourasaha, the name of the plant small inconspicuous flowers, which are usually greenish-yellow.
in Madagascar.) Pet. Th. dict. scient. nat. ex gen. madag. p.
VI. SPIROSPE'RMUM (from otlepa, spiera, a screw ; OTEP-
18. D. C. syst. 1. p. 514. prod. 1. p. 96.
p
.
ua, sperma, a seed; embryo long and spirally twisted.) Pet. Th.
LIN. Syst. Dio cia Monodélphia. Sepals and petals dis- dict. scienc. nat. ex gen. mad. p. 19. no. 63. D. C. syst. 1. p.
.
.
posed in a ternary order in 2 series. Male flowers with 6 514. prod. 1. p. 96.
stamens, which are joined at the base. Female flowers with 6 Lin. syst. Dice'cia, Monodélphia. Sepals and petals dis-
SYST
sterile stamens, triple ovary, and 3 drupes.
posed in a ternary order in two series. Male flowers with 6
1 B. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Pet. Th. 1. c.) H.S.
h.s. Native of stamens, the 3 inner ones are joined at the base ; female ones
Madagascar. Leaves alternate, trifoliate, on long petioles ; with 8 or 9 carpels, forming a round head. Embryo cylindrical,
leaflets 3, ovate, entire. A weak shrub with racemose flowers. very long and spirally twisted, whence the generic name.
Madagascar Bourasaha. Shrub rambling.
i S. PENDULIFLO'RUM (Pet. Th. l. c.) h. v. S. Native of
Cult. This plant will thrive well in a mixture of loam and Madagascar. A weak sarmentose shrub, with alternate many-
peat, and cuttings put in in the spring will root freely under a nerved leaves, and pendulous racemes of flowers.
hand-glass, placed in a good heat. †
Pendulous-flowered Spirospermum.
Cult. This genus requires the same treatment as Cócculus,
IV. HOLBÒLLIA (in honour of Fred. Louis Holboel, super-
which see.
intendent of the botanic garden at Copenhagen.) Wall. tent. A.
nap. p.
25. t. 16 and 17.
VII. COʻCCULUS (from coccus, the systematic name of
LIN. SYST. Monce cia, Hexandria. Flowers monoecious. Pe- cochineal, applied to this genus on account of the greater part of
rianth 6-leaved, disposed in a double series. Stamens 6, distinct. the species bearing scarlet berries.) Bauh. pin. 511. D. C. syst.
Glands 6, opposite the base of the stamens. Female flowers, with p. 515. prod. 1. p. 96.
6 sterile stamens. Stigma simple. Berries 3, distinct, oblong, LIN. syst. Dice'cia, Hexándria. Sepals and petals disposed in
follicular, 1-celled, many-seeded.--Climbing shrubs, with com- a ternary order, in 2, very rarely in 3 series (f. 29. a.). Male
pound leaves. The natives of Nipaul eat the fruit of both flowers with 6 free stamens (f. 29. b.) opposite the petals ;
species, the pulp of which is sweetish, but otherwise of an in- female ones with 3 or 6 carpels. Drupes baccate, 1 to 6, usually
sipid taste. It is very probable that Rajània quinàta and hexa- obliquely-reniform, somewhat flattened, 1-seeded. Cotelydons
pħýlla, Thunb. fl. jap. 148, 149. belong to this genus.
distant. A large genus of climbing or twining shrubs, with pel-
i H. LATIFOLIA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. 1. p. 24. t. 16.) leaflets
.
tate, cordate, ovate or oblong, entire, rarely lobed leaves. Pe-
3-5, ovate-oblong, 3-nerved; flowers racemose. h. v. G. duncles axillary, rarely lateral, those bearing the male flowers
Native of Nipaul on Chundaghira and Sheopore. Flowers white, usually many-flowered, those bearing the female ones few-
campanulate. Fruit baccate,
oval, turning, purple, eatable. flowered, either free from bracteas or furnished with very small
Broad-leaved Holbollia. Shrub cl.
ones (not as in Cissampelos furnished with large bracteas.) The
2 H. ANGUSTIFOʻLIA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. 1. p. 25. t. 17.) berries of many of this genus are used in their native countries
leaflets 7-9, linear-lanceolate, acuminated; peduncles 2-3-flower- to intoxicate fish and birds, &c. in order to take them, being
ed, in fascicles. h. v.G. Native of Nipaul, with the last. made up into a paste, and it is said they are often used by
Flowers white, purplish on the outside. Fruit baccate, turning brewers to give their ale and porter an intoxicating quality.
purple, eatable.
Narrow-leaved Holbollia. Shrub cl.
§ 1. Leaves peltate.
Cult. See Cocculus and Stauntonia.
1. C. JAPO'NICUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 516.) leaves peltate,
roundish-ovate, acuminated, quite entire, smooth ; petioles
V. GYNOSTE'MMA (from yuvn, gyne, a female or stigma; twining, length of leaves ; female peduncles 3 times shorter than
otɛupa
otejpa, stemma, a crown; ovaries crowned by the permanent stig- the petioles, umbelliferous ; carpels twin. h.v. G. Native
mas.) Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1.
of Japan near Nagasaki and elsewhere. Menispermum Japóni-
а.
1.
1.
p. 497.

MENISPERMACEÆ, VII. Cocculus.
105
cum, Thunb. jap. 195. Stems smooth, slightly polygonal. Seeds Glaucescent-leaved Cocculus. Shrub tw.
white.
10 C. CORDIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 518.) leaves orbicular,
Var. f, Timoriénsis (D.C. prod. 1. p. 96.) peduncles equal in cordate, acuminately-cuspidate, 7-nerved, smooth; female
length to the petioles. Perhaps a different species. hins. racemes lateral, simple, longer than the leaves. h. v.S. Na-
Native of the island of Timor.
tive of Malabar and the East Indies. Citamérdu, Rheed. mal.
Japan Cocculus. Shrub tw.
7. p. 39. t. 21. Menispermum cordifolium, Willd. spec.
4.
p.
2 C. ROXBURGHIA'NUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 516.) leaves peltate, 826. M. Malabaricum var. B, Lam. dict. 4. p. 96. M. glabrum
.
ovate, roundish at the base, and acutish at the apex, quite entire, Klein, mss. Fruit ovate, tern; a decoction of them is re-
smooth ; petioles much shorter than the leaves ; female peduncles freshing, and the juice of the plant cures ulcers, according to
much shorter than the petioles, umbelliferous ; berries generally Rheede. It is also employed in the cure of jaundice in India.
6 or 7.
h. n. S. Native of the East Indies. Cissampelos It is tonic and febrifuge.
glàbra, Roxb. according to Wallich. Very like Cócculus Japó- Heart-leaved Cocculus. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
nicus. Branches smooth, climbing and twining, cylindrical. 11 C. CONVOLVULA'CEUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 518.) leaves orbicu-
Roxburgh's Cocculus. Shrub tw.
lar, cordate, acuminately-cuspidate, 7-nerved, smooth ; male
3 C. PELTA TUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 516.) leaves peltate, some- peduncles simple, axillary, shorter than the leaves. h. n. S.
what triangular, acuminated, bluntly truncate at the base, quite Native of the East Indies. This plant is very like C. cordifolius,
entire, rather scabrous; petioles pilose; female peduncles race- and is perhaps the male plant of that species.
mose, scarcely double the length of the petioles. ħ..S.
h..s
Convolvulus-like Cocculus. Shrub tw.
Native of Coromandel and Malabar.-Pluk. phyt. t. 24. f. 6. 12 C. MALABA'RICUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 518.) leaves cordate,
-Rheed. mal. 7. p. 93. t. 49. Menispermum peltàtum, Lam. ovate, acuminated, under surface villous; female racemes simple,
dict. 4. p. 96. Root the form and size of that of Daùcus lateral, length of the leaves. h.... Native of Malabar,
satīvus, or carrot, and it is used for the cure of dysentery and he- where it is always in flower and fruit. Menispermum Malabà-
morrhoids in Malabar. Female flowers small, whitish. Fruit, ricum, Willd. spec. 4. p. 826. Pee-amérdu, Rheed. mal. 7. p.
when ripe, white and shining.
37. t. 19 and 20. The flowers, according to Rheede, are herma-
Peltate-leaved Cocculus. Shrub tw.
phrodite, and of a pale green-colour. Fruit first green, then yel-
4 C. BURMA’NNI (D. C. syst. 1. p. 517.) leaves peltate, trian- lowish, but at last reddish and shining.
gularly oblong, acuminated, quite entire, shining, bluntly truncate Malabar Cocculus. Fl. year. Shrub twining
at the base ; male peduncles very long, racemose. hins,
13 C. CORIA'CEUS (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht.
Native of Ceylon.-Burm. zeyl. 218. t. 101. Male flowers 6- Linnæa. 1. p. 498.) leaves cordate, ovate, bluntly acuminated,
cleft, and the female ones with 1 pistil.
mucronate, coriaceous, smooth ; racemes elongated, axillary,
Burmann's Cocculus. Shrub tw.
solitary, pendulous. N. v.S. Native of Java. Menispermum
5 C. Forste'ri (D. C. syst. 1. p. 517.) leaves peltate, ovate, coriàceum, Spreng. syst. app. p. 148.
roundish at the base and acutish at the apex, quite entire, Coriaceous-leaved Cocculus. Shrub cl.
smooth ; petioles longer than the leaves. hin. S.
h. n. S. Native? 14 C. POPULIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 519.) leaves heart-
Menispermum peltàtum, Forst. ined. in herb. Lamb. This shaped, acuminated, quite entire, smooth; female panicles large,
shrub is very like C. Roxburghiànus, but the leaves are a little many-flowered. ñ. n. S. Native of the island of Timor.
larger.
This plant is very like C. cordifolius and C. Malabàricus, with
Forster's Cocculus. Shrub tw.
large leaves, similar to those of Populus angulàtus. Carpels 1
6 C. RIMO'sus (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Lin- or 2, baccate, on pedicels, somewhat globose, about the size of a
næa. 1. p. 498.) leaves somewhat peltate; oval-oblong, acute, pea.
coriaceous, smooth ; racemes panicled, axillary, shorter than the Poplar-leaved Cocculus. Shrub tw.
leaves; stems chinky, or rather the bark. n. S. Native 15 C. LACUNO'sus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 519.) leaves heart-shaped,
of Java. Menispermum rimòsum, Spreng. syst. app. p. 143. acuminated, upper surface green and smooth, under surface
Chinky-barked Cocculus. Shrub tw.
clothed with yellowish wool; peduncles lateral, compound, race-
mose, twice as long as petioles. h. n. S. Native of the Cele-
§ 2. Leaves cordate at the base.
bes and Moluccas on rocks by the sea-shore.—Rumph. amb. 5. p.
35. t. 22. Menispermum lacunosum, Lam. dict. 4. p. 98.
7 C. ROTUNDIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 517.) leaves somewhat Flowers small, white, 6-parted, with an ungrateful odour. Berries
peltate, rather cordate at the base, orbicular, hardly acuminated, at first white, then black, and at last purplish-black; they are
mucronate, smooth ; peduncles axillary, racemosely-panicled, used by the natives in various ways for taking birds and fish by
shorter than the leaves. h S. Native? Cultivated in intoxicating them; the most common mode of giving them, is in a
the gardens at Paris in 1812. This shrub is very like Aristolò- paste.
chia sipho in habit. Berries blackish, somewhat globose, the Plated-barked Cocculus. Shrub tw.
16 C. SUBERO'sus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 519.) leaves cordate,
Round-leaved Cocculus. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. subtruncate at the base, compact, shining ; panicles many-flower-
8 C. CORYMBO'SUs (Blum. l. c.) leaves somewhat peltate, cor- ed ; stem perennial, twining ; bark corky and chinky. ħ. n. s.
h..s
date-roundish, mucronulate, 5-nerved; corymbs axillary, soli- Native of Malabar. Cócci orientalis, Tab. icon. t. 924. f. 1.
tary, shorter than the leaves; pedicels somewhat umbellate. ħ. Menispermum Cócculus, Lin. spe. 1468 ? Gært. fruct. 1. p. 219.
S. Native of Java. Menispermum corymbòsum, Spreng.
,
t. 70. f. 1. exclusive of the synonyms. This is considered the
syst. app. p. 143. Plant villous.
true Cocculus Indicus of the shops. The berries are used in
Corymbose-flowered Cocculus. Shrub cl.
various ways as a medicine, and for killing vermin. They
9 C. GLAUCE'SCENS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves somewhat peltate, are also used in the East Indies to intoxicate fish, &c. in order
cordate-orbicular, mucronate, smooth, under surface glaucous ; to take them, being made up into a paste and thrown into the
racemes panicled, lateral, longer than the leaves. ħ.ns. water. Their use for this purpose is, we believe, prohibited
Native of Java. Menispermum glaucescens, Spreng. syst. app. in England, nor is it easy to account for the copious importation
of these berries as an article of trade, unless they serve to adul-
VOL. I.PART II.
P
size of a pea.
p. 143.

106
MENISPERMACEÆ. VII. COCCULUS.
p.
h.
p.
terate fermented liquors, as is often reported. The seeds are 6. t. 17. f. 3.-Rumph. amb. 5. p. 83. t. 44. f. 1. Menispér-
intensely bitter and very acrid. M. Boullay analyzed them, and mum críspum, Lin. spec. 1468. The whole plant is bitter, and
found them to contain about half their weight of a concrete waxy is used in the Moluccas against gripings of the abdomen, and to
oil, albumen, a particular colouring matter, a new bitter poisonous kill vermin. It is considered by the natives of Bengal a power-
principle, Picrotoxia Lignin, and various new saline matters. ful tonic, and is very highly valued by them.
In later experiments M. Boullay detected a peculiar acid, to Curled Cocculus. Fl.? Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
which he has given the name of Menispermic. Picrotoxia is 22 C. TAMOIDES (D. C. syst. 1. p. 521.) leaves very entire,
obtained by digesting for a day a decoction of the berry upon truncate or cordate at the base, ovate, pointed, 5-nerved, smooth ;
caustic magnesia. It is then to be treated with alcohol, which male racemes slender, a little longer than the leaves. . n. S.
dissolves out the picrotoxia, and this may be purified by evapora- Native of Cayenne. Similar to C. Carolinus, but differing in the
tion and repeating the solution, and if much coloured, by the addi- leaves being smooth and the racemes much longer.
tion of animal charcoal. It has the form of quadrangular prisms, Tamus-like Cocculus. Shrub tw.
white, brilliant, semi-transparent, and extremely bitter ; it is 23. C. CHONDODE'NDRON (D. C. syst. 1. p. 522.) leaves cor-
.
soluble in three parts of alcohol, in 25 of boiling, and 50 of cold date, much crenated, acuminated, under surface tomentose.
water. It melts by heat, and contains no azote. Vauquelin got is. Native of South America in Pilaya. Chondodendron to-
a substance very similar from the Daphne alpina. Picrotoxia mentòsum, Ruiz. et Pav. prod. fl. per. 132. syst. 261. Epiba-
resembles camphor in its action, but is much more powerful and tèrium ? tomentosum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 561. The bark of this
deleterious. The extract has been lately recommended by M. species is exceedingly bitter.
Fouquier of Paris in paralysis, but Dr. Duncan of Edinburgh Lump-tree Cocculus. Fl. Oct. Nov. Shrub cl.
tried it, and found it less energetic than considering its nature 24 Č. INCA'NUS (Coleb. in Lin. trans. 13. p. 57. t. 17. f. 1.)
and the small proportion of extract obtained he expected. It leaves cordate, entire, villous, mucronate; panicles axillary,
seemed to act as a tonic, and to keep the bowels in a good state, shorter than the leaves. h. v.S. Native of Chitagong and
but he observed it had no narcotic or stimulant effects. An Silhet in Bengal. Menispermum villosum, Roxb. mss. Flowers
ointment made with it has long been a domestic remedy in some yellowish-green, inodorous.
places to kill vermin on the head, and is successfully applied in Hoary-leaved Cocculus.
ed Cocculus. Fl. year.
year. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
.
cases of tinea of the head. Perhaps the berries of several Indian 25 C. se'PIUM (Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 58. t. 17. f. 2.)
species of this genus possess the same quality.
leaves from broad cordate to linear cordate, downy ; male flowers
Cork-barked Cocculus. Fl.? Clt. 1790. Shrub tw.
in racemes; female ones axillary, solitary. h. v. S. Menis-
17 C. PLUKENE'TII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 520.) leaves ovate, permum hirsutum, Roxb. citing Willd. spec.
4. 829. Native
somewhat cordate at the base, bluntly truncate and mucronate at of the East Indies. Very common in hedges.
the apex ; female racemes axillary, simple, rather longer than Hedge Cocculus. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
the leaves. .^.S. Native of Malabar and Java. C. offi- 26 Č. TOMENTO'sus (Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 59.)
cinàrum, Pluk. mant. 52. t. 345. f. 7. Menispermum Cócculus, leaves roundish-cordate, 3-lobed, tomentose; racemes axillary,
, f
Willd. 4. p. 826. The berries are in bunches like grapes, but generally simple, one, two, or more together ; corollas expand-
smaller ; first white, then red, and finally blackish purple. In
In ing; nectarial scales entire. h.v.S. Native of Bengal in
the East Indies they are made into a paste which is used to in- thickets and hedges. Menispermum tomentosum, Roxb. mss.
toxicate fish and birds, &c.
Tomentose Cocculus. Fl. Feb. March. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
Plukenet's Cocculus. Fl.? Clt. 1790. Shrub cl.
27 C. HEXA GYNUS (Coleb. in Lin, soc. trans. 13. p. 63.) old
18 C. ARISTOLOCHIÆ (D. C. syst. 1. p. 520.) leaves cordate, leaves cordate, younger ones parabolic, entire, upper surface
blunt, mucronate, entire ; female peduncles 1-flowered, shorter smooth, under surface rather hairy; racemes axillary and ter-
than the petioles. h. v. S. Native of Madras.—Pluk. alm.
-
minal, panicled, villous ; pedicels 3-flowered. h. n. G. Na-
t. 13. f. 2.
tive of China near Canton. Menispermum hexágynum, Roxb.
Aristolochia-leaved Cocculus. Shrub cl.
Flowers small, white.
19 C. FLAVE'SCENS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 520.) leaves somewhat Six-styled Cocculus. Shrub tw.
cordate, ovate, bluntly-acuminated, younger ones orbicular, 28 C. BANTAME'NSIS (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht.
pubescent; female racemes panicled, lateral, longer than the Linnæa. 1. p. 498.) leaves somewhat cordate-oval, acute, gener-
leaves. n. v. S.
h.v. S. Native of the Moluccas on rocks by the ally 5-nerved, smooth, quite entire ; panicles elongated, axillary,
sea-shore.-Rumph. amb. 5. p. 38. t. 24. Menispérmum flavés- solitary. h.
h S. Native of Java. Menispermum Banta-
cens, Lam. dict. 4. p. 100. Flowers small, white, sweet-scented. mense, Spreng. syst. app. p. 148.
Fruit of a dirty yellow colour ; they are used to poison fish. A Bantam Cocculus. Shrub cl.
decoction of the wood is used against the jaundice, white phlegm, 29 C. HASTA'TUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 522.) leaves cordate at the
p.
and indigestion, in the Moluccas. (Rumph.)
base, hastate, villous beneath ; auricles blunt, drawn out a little
Yellowish-fruited Cocculus. Fl. Sept. Shrub cl.
.
beyond the auricles at the apex; petioles villous, six times shorter
20 C. GLAU'cus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 521.) leaves heart-shaped, than the leaves. n.^.S. Native of the East Indies. Menis-
acuminated, entire, under surface pubescent; peduncles race- permum hastàtum, Lam. dict. 4. p. 98.
mosely-corymbose, shorter than the petioles. B.v. S. Native Halbert-leaved Cocculus. Shrub tw.
of Amboyna in sunny valleys and deserted gardens.-Rumph. 30 C. TRI'LOBUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 522.) leaves 3-lobed,
amb. 5. p. 40. t. 25. f. 1. Menispermum glaucum, Lam. dict. 4. nerved, villous; lobes acutë, mucronate, entire; petioles reflexed
p. 100. Flowers small, yellowish-green. Berries small, blackish- at the base; peduncles racemose, shorter than the petioles.
purple.
h... G. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. Menispermum trí-
Glaucous-leaved Cocculus. Fl. Jul. Shrub cl.
lobum, Thunb. fl. jap. 194. The whole plant is villous. Flowers
21 C. CRISPUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 521.) leaves cordate, acumi- whitish. Berries globose,
Berries globose, 1-seeded, about the size of a small
nated, smooth ; stem somewhat angular, and rough with roundish pea.
tubercles; racemes simple, slender, lateral. h. v. S. Native Three-lobed-leaved Cocculus. Fl. Sep. Oct. Shrub tw.
of Java, Sumatra, Moluccas, and Bengal, and from thence tran- 31 C. PALMA'TUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 522.) leaves cordate at
sported to Amboyna and Bali.—Colebr. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. the base, palmately-5-cleft, covered with hispid hairs, lobes
mss.
--
1

MENISPERMACEÆ. VII. Cocculus.
107
.
a
-
acuminated, quite entire. 4. n.
FIG. 29.
cinereously-pubescent ; male pedicels large, 1-3, racemose at the
s. Native of the south-eastern
apex, shorter than the petioles. h.ns. Native of Malabar
coast of Africa, especially in shady
and Tranquebar. Menispermum orbiculatum, Lin. spec. 1468.
woods of Oibo and Mozambique.
-Rheed. mal. 11. p. 127. t. 62.—Pluk. amalth. 61. t. 384. f. 6.
Menispermum palmatum, Lam.
,
Flowers small, villous on the outside. Perhaps a species of
dict. 4. p. 95. D. C. ess. prop.
Cissampelos.
pl. ed. 2. p. 79. Colomba, Colum-
Orbicular-leaved Cocculus. Fl.? Clt. 1790. Shrub tw.
bo or Kalumbo, Berry, in asiat.
34 C. DIVERSIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 523.) lower leaves
reser. 10. p. 385. t. 5. Male plant.
cordate, middle ones ovate, upper ones oblong, all of which are
Roots perennial, thick, with fusiform
truncate obtuse and mucronate; peduncles 1-3-flowered, shorter
branches (f. 29.c.). Stems twining,
than the leaves. h. n. S. Native of Mexico. Menispermum,
annual, about the thickness of a
spec. nov. Moc. et Sesse, f. mex. icon, ined. Flowers small,
goose-quill. The roots of this
white. Berries fleshy, reddish, almost kidney-shaped. Very
plant are sold in the shops under
b like C. Carolinus, but is easily distinguished from it by the tops
the name of Calumba or Colomba
of the leaves being truncate.
Root; it is a bitter stomachic, use-
Variable-leaved Cocculus. Shrub tw.
ful in dysentery, diarrhoea, and dys-
35 C. CAROLI'NUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 524.) leaves cordate or
pepsia. This root is produced in
ovate, entire, obtuse or somewhat 3-lobed, under surface velvety-
Africa in the country of the Caffres, and forms an important article pubescent; male racemes floriferous from the base, female ones
of commerce with the Portuguese at Mozambique. It is remark- 3-flowered. h. ^. H. but often herbaceous in gardens in cold
able that the place of the growth of this important plant should countries. Native of Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, in woods
have been so long unknown to Europe. It is never cultivated, but and hedges. Menispermum Carolinum, Lin. spec. 1468. Wend-
grows naturally, and in great abundance in the thick forests that landia populifòlia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 275.-Pursh.fl.amer. sept. 1.
are said to cover the coasts of Oibo and Mozambique, and inland p. 252.-Dill. elth. 223. t. 178. f. 219. Androphìlax scandens,
about 15 or 20 miles. The roots are dug up in March, the dry Wendl. obs. p. 38. hort. herrenh. 3. t. 16. Baumgartia scándens,
season, or when the natives are not employed in agriculture, not Mench, meth. 650. Flowers dioecious, but according to Wend-
the original root, which is perennial, but off-setts from its base, land often hermaphrodite. Berries, when ripe, red.
that are of sufficient size, yet not so old as to be full of fibres, Carolina Cocculus. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1759. Shrub tw.
which render it unfit for commerce. Soon after it is dug up, 36 C. LANUGINO'sus (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht.
the root is cut into slices, strung on cords and hung up to dry Linnæa. 1. p. 498.) woolly ; leaves broad-ovate, retuse, scarcely
in the shade. It is deemed merchantable when on exposure to cordate at the base; corymbs axillary, crowded, much shorter
the sun it breaks short, and of a bad quality when it is soft or than the leaves ; pedicels somewhat umbellate.
hiv. S. Na-
black. This root is in high estimation among the Africans, even tive of Java.
far removed from Mozambique, for the cure of dysentery, which Woolly Cocculus. Shrub cl.
is frequent among them, also for the cure of syphilis and all com- 37 C. PLATIPHYLLA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 59. pl. us. bras.
plaints of long standing, and as a remedy for almost every
dis- t. 42.) leaves broad, heart-shaped, obsoletely-crenate, tomentose
order. In powder, it is used for the cure of ulcers. It is beneath. h. . v. S. Native of Brasil in the northern parts of
generally brought in transverse sections, from half an inch to three the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Batua. This
inches in diameter, rarely divided across. This is evidently plant is employed by the Brasilians in the treatment of inter-
done to facilitate its drying ; for the large pieces are all per- mittent fevers, and it is also regarded by them as a powerful
forated with holes. The root is yellow within. Its smell is remedy in diseases of the liver.
faintly aromatic, and readily lost when not preserved in close Broad-leaved Cocculus. Shrub cl.
-.
vessels; the taste is unpleasant, bitter, and somewhat acrid; the
bark has the strongest taste; the pith is almost mucilaginous.
§ 3. Leaves ovate, oval, or oblong.
Its active constituent is a bitter principle called Cinchonine. It 38 C. THUNBE’RGII (D. C. syst. 1. p. 524.) leaves ovate, ob-
also contains a great deal of mucilage. Planche says it contains tuse, with a point, under surface villous; lower leaves somewhat
one-fourth of its weight of starch. It is accordingly more solu- triangular, upper ones orbicular; flowers axillary,
panicled.
ble in water than in alcohol. The tincture is not precipitated by h. a. s. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. Menispérmum
water, and does not affect the colour of infusion of turnsole, or orbiculatum, Thunb. jap. 194. Compare it with Braam. icon.
solution of red sulphate of iron. In India it is much used in china. t. 2. f. 1.; perhaps the same, or a new species.
diseases attended with bilious symptoms, particularly in cholera ; Thunberg's Cocculus. Shrub tw.
and it is said to be sometimes very effectual in other cases of 39 C. VILLO'sus (D. C. syst. 1. p. 525.) leaves ovate or lan-
vomiting. It produces excellent effects in dyspepsia. Half a ceolate, 3-5-nerved, younger ones villously-tomentose, adult
drachm of the powder is given repeatedly in the day. The false ones pubescent, branchlets pubescent; pedicels few-flowered,
Colombo-root, the produce of Frasèra Waltèri, has been imported length of petioles.
length of petioles. h.or 4. S. Native of Malabar and the
from the United States. (f. 29.)
East Indies. Plant very villous, having the appearance of a
Palmate-leaved Cocculus or Colombo-root. Fl.? Clt. ? Pl. tw. species of Evólvulus.
32 C. CINERA'SCENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 59.) leaves ovate, Var. a; leaves oblong-lanceolate.- Pluk. amalth. 62. t. 384.
acutish, mucronulate, somewhat cordate at the base, crenated, f. 3. Menispermum myosotoìdes, Lin. spec. 1469.
clothed with greyish tomentum beneath. h. S. Native of Var. ß ; leaves all ovate. -Pluk. amalth. 61. t. 384. f. 7.
Brasil in woods. This plant is employed by the Brasilians in the Menispermum hirsutum, Lin. spec. 1469.
.
treatment of fever, it being considered a powerful febrifuge, and Var.y ; upper leaves ovate, lower ones cordate.-Pluk. amalth.
is also regarded as a powerful specific in diseases of the liver. 61. t. 384. f. 5.
Greyish Cocculus. Shrub ci.
Villous Cocculus. Pl. tw.
33 C. ORBICULA'TUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 523.) leaves orbicular, 40 C. COTONEA'STER (D. C. syst. 1. p.525.) leaves oval, quite
somewhat cordate, blunt, 5-7-nerved, mucronuſate, under surface entire, mucronate, under surface tomentose as well as the branches;
-
P2

108
MENISPERMACEÆ. VII. Cocculus.
ægyp. p. 172.
peduncles racemose, longer than the petioles. N. v. S. Native h. S. Native of the East Indies. Valli-caniram, Rheed.
perhaps of South America. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 93. Leaves mal
. 7. p. 5. t. 3. Menispermum radiàtum, Lam. dict. 4. p. 100.
resembling those of Cotoneaster vulgàris, but a little longer. Braunea menispermoides, Willd. spec. 4. p. 797. Berries 3-
Flowers small.
seeded. Sepals and petals 3, with 6 nectariferous scales, in the
Cotoneaster-like Cocculus. Shrub cl.
petals of the male flowers ; female ones with 3 styles.
;
41 C. Tria'NDRUS (Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 64.) leaves Rayed Cocculus. Shrub tw.
ovate-oblong, acuminated, smooth ; racemes axillary, one or more 49 C. LEPTOSTA'CHIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 528.) leaves oval,
together, rather longer than the petioles. ħ..S. Native of acuminated, 3-nerved, smooth; racemes axillary, simple, slender,
. n
the Malay Islands. Menispermum triándrum, Roxb. MSS. length of leaves. N. v. S. Native of Timor.
length of leaves.
Flowers numerous, minute, yellow.
Slender-spiked Cocculus. Shrub cl.
Triandrous Cocculus. Shrub tw.
50 C. BRACHYSTA'CHYUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 528.) leaves ovate,
42 C. OVALIFO‘LIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 426.) leaves oval, entire, acute, 3-5-nerved, smooth; female racemes axillary, shorter than
mucronate, 3-nerved, smooth ; branchlets villous ; lower pedun- the petioles. h. U.S. Native of the island of Timor. Seeds
cles axillary, scarcely longer than the petioles, upper ones disposed within the berry, arched. Stem hardly scandent.
in terminal panicles; pedicels sub-umbellate. ħ. n. S. Native Short-racemed Cocculus. Shrub cl.
of Java and China. Deless. icon. sel. 1: t. 94. Menispermum 51 C. DOMINGE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 528.) leaves oval, acu-
ovalifolium, Pers. ench. 2. p. 628. Berries 2-3, smooth, com- minated, quite entire, scarcely 3-nerved at the base, smooth ;
pressed, orbicular.
peduncles racemosely-panicled, axillary, slender, somewhat shorter
Oval-leaved Cocculus. Shrub. tw.
than the leaves, rising from a tubercled villous base. ħ. v. S.
43 C. FIBRA'UREA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 525.) leaves ovate, acute, Native of St. Domingo. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 96. Very like
quite entire, smooth, on long petioles ; racemes oblong, lateral. C. brachystàchyus. Flowers very small.
h. v. S. Native of Cochin-china and China in woods. Fi- St. Domingo Cocculus. Shrub cl.
bràurea tinctòria, Lour. coch. ed Willd. 2. p. 769. Berries 52 C. LEæBA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 529.) leaves ovate-oblong,
small, yellow, not eatable. Taste of whole plant bitter. Roots blunt, glaucous, somewhat pubescent, on short petioles ; branches
diuretic. The root and lower part of the stem are esteemed rather twining. h. . G. Native of Upper Egypt. Male
resolvent, deobstruent, and diuretic. The bruised stems afford plant found about Liblad in the desert near Cairo, female ones
by boiling a yellow dye, which is not very vivid but lasting, and rarely, usually far from the males. Lex'ba, Forsk. f.
serves as a basis for Turmerick and Safflower which, though Juss. gen. 285. Menispermum Leæ'ba, Delile, fl. ægyp. ill
. 30.
•
more vivid, are not so durable.
descr.-t. 51. f. 2 and 3. Leæba is the name of the plant in Upper
Golden-fibred Cocculus. Shrub cl.
Egypt. Calyx yellowish; petals greenish ; anther yellow.
;
44 C. ELLIPTICUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 426.) leaves elliptical, , Leæba Cocculus. Shrub tw.
obtuse, quite entire, smooth ; racemes axillary, in pairs, unequal, 53 C. OBLONGIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 529.) leaves oblong,
much shorter than the leaves. h. v. S. Native of Senegal. 3-nerved, blunt at both ends, mucronate, smooth; peduncles
Menispermum ellípticum, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 657. Flowers small, shorter than the leaves, upper ones somewhat racemose, female
greenish, disposed in unequal, small racemes.
ones 1-flowered. h..S. Native of Mexico. Menispermum,
Elliptical-leaved Cocculus. Shrub cl.
nov. spec. Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers small,
45 C. LIMA'CIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 526.) leaves ovate-oblong, white.
acuminated, quite entire, smooth; male flowers almost terminal, Oblong-leaved Cocculus. Shrub tw.
crowded, female ones in pairs, axillary. h.v.G. Native of 54 C. TRIFLO'RUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 529.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
Cochin-china in woods. Limàcia scándens, Lour. coch. ed Willd. late, acuminated, 3-nerved at the base, quite entire, smoothish;
2. p. 761. Flowers yellowish-green; berries small, smooth, female peduncles axillary, trifid, 3-flowered, length of petioles.
fleshy, acrid, but eatable. The specific name Lamacia was applied . v. S. Native of Java. Stems almost erect.
to this plant by Loureiro, because the fruit resembles the shell of Three-flowered Cocculus. Shrub cl.
à limacon or snail.
55 C. MILLEFLO'RUS (D. C. syst. 1. p.530.) leaves ovate, ob-
Snail-fruited Cocculus. Fl. cl.
tuse, feather-nerved, smooth, shining; panicle terminal, many-
46 C. CEBA'THA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 526.) leaves oval-oblong, flowered, branches spreading, in pairs. h. v. S. Native of
mucronate, smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, length of pe- Madagascar.
Madagascar. Very like C. gomphioìdes but differing in the
tioles ; male ones capitate, female ones 1-flowered. h.G. Native leaves being larger, more ovate at the base, and less attenuated at
of Arabia. Cebàtha, Forsk. ægyp. arab. 171. Menispermum the apex.
édule, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 80. Flowers greenish. Berries red, Thousand-flowered Cocculus. Shrub cl.
when ripe eatable, but they have an acrid taste, and from them a 56 C. GOMPHIOI' DES (D. C. syst. 1. p. 530.) leaves oblong,
wine is prepared which is called Chamr. el Madjnume in Arabia. acuminated, 3-nerved at the base, quite entire, smooth, shining;
Cebatha is a name of Arabian origin.
peduncles axillary, much longer than the leaves. h.u.S. Na-
Cebatha Cocculus. Shrub cl.?
tive of Madagascar. Berries about the size of a small grape.
47 C. ACUMINA'TUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 527.) leaves ovate,
)
Gomphia-like Cocculus. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
acuminated, quite entire, smooth, somewhat 5-nerved at the base, 57 Č. LAURIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 1. p. 520.) leaves oblong,
the rest feather-nerved; racemes axillary, sub-villous, a little acuminated, smooth, shining ; peduncles lateral and axillary,
longer than the petioles. h. v. S. Native of the East Indies. branched at the top, rather shorter than the petioles. h. v.š.
Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 95. Menispermum acuminatum, Lam. Native of Nipaul and Sirinagur.
Native of Nipaul and Sirinagur. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 97.
dict. 4. p. 101. Very like C. radiàtus in habit, but the petioles Flowers very small, 8-10, smooth.
.
are one half longer. Flowers brownish. Berries obovate, nu- Laurel-leaved Cocculus. Fl. Jan. Feb. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
merous, stipitate, smooth.
Pointed-leaved Cocculus. Shrub. cl.
§ 4. Flowers monoecious. (Perhaps a genus.)
48 C. RADIA'TUS (D. C. syst. 1. p.527.) leaves ovate-oblong, 58 C. EPIBATE'RIUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 530.) flowers monoe-
acuminated, scarcely cordate, quite entire, feather-nerved, smooth; cious; drupes 1-3; leaves oblong, quite entire, smooth. h.v. S.
peduncles racemosely-panicled, 3-times longer than the petioles. Native of the island of St. James in the South Sea. Epibatèrium

MENISPERMACEÆ. VIII. CosciniUM. IX. TILIACORA.
VIII. Coscinium. IX. TILIACORA. X. ANAMIRTA. XI. PsELIUM. XII. CISSAMPELOS.
109
which see.
a
a
péndulum, Forst. gen. t. 54. The name is derived from eni, epi, same manner as Coscinium, or the stove species of Cocculus,
upon, and Balvw, baino, to walk, in allusion to the plant climb-
ing upon others.
Epibaterium Cocculus. Shrub cl.
X. ANAMI'RTA (meaning unknown.) Coleb. in Lin. trans.
59 C. NEPHRO'IA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 531.) flowers monoecious ; 13. p. 66.
p
drupes 6 ; leaves ovate, emarginate, smooth. N. v. G. Native LIN. syst. Dio cia, Monodélphia. Calyx 2-sepalled. Petals
of Cochin-china in woods. Nephròia sarmentosa, Lour. coch. 6, in 2 series, equal. Nectary none. Stamens collected into a
ed Willd. 2. p. 692. Drupe small, fleshy, somewhat kidney- column or monodelphous. Anthers numerous, crowded in the
shaped, 1-seeded. The name is derived from veqpos, nephros, a form of a globe; female flowers have not been seen, but the
kidney ; because of the form of the fruit.
berries are as in Menispermum ; about the size of a ripe black-
Kidney-fruited Cocculus. Shrub cl.
heart cherry, and as they are collected in very large pendulous
Cult. The stove and greenhouse species of this genus will bunches, their appearance is most inviting, but their taste is most
thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat; and cuttings root
abominable.
easily if planted in a pot of light earth, with a hand-glass placed
1 A. PANICULA'TA (Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 66.)
over them, in a moderate heat. The only hardy species, Cocculus . v. S. Native of the East Indies. Menispérmum hetero-
Carolinus, may be propagated by parting the roots, which spread clìtum, Roxb. MSS. Bark cracked, ash-coloured. Leaves
out on the side, so that part of them may be cut off every other alternate, cordate, stalked, entire, smooth, upper surface deep,
year ; this should be done in the spring, and these should be shining, green, under surface whitish, 3-5-nerved. Panicles
planted in a light soil in a sheltered situation against a wall, which rising from the naked woody parts of the stem, drooping. Brac-
the branches can be trained to. All the species are climbers or teas 3-fold, 1-flowered, small, caducous.
twiners.
Panicled-flowered Anamirta. Shrub cl.
Cult. This genus should also be propagated and treated in
VIII. COSCI'NIUM (from Kookivov, koskinon, a little sieve; the same manner as Coscínium, which see.
in allusion to the seeds being pierced). Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans.
13. p. 65.
XI. PSE'LIUM (from fellov, pselion, a bracelet ; form of
Lin. syst. Dice'cia, Hexandria. Sepals and petals in threes; nuts). Lour. fl. cochin. ed Willd. 2. p. 762. D. C. syst. 1.
male flowers with 6 stamens embracing the base of the pistil, p. 531. prod. 1. p. 100.
.
female ones with 3 ovaries. Styles slender. Berries 1-3. Seeds
LIN. SYST.
Dice'cia, Hexándria. Sepals and petals disposed
pierced by a large hole. A climbing shrub.
in a ternary order in two series. Stamens 6, free. Female
1 C. FENESTRA'TUM (Coleb. Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. °66.) flowers with 4 sepals, without petals; ovary 1 ; stigma 4-cleft.
)
h.U.S. Native of Ceylon. Menispermum fenestratum, Gært. A climbing shrub with axillary flowers.
fruct. 1. p. 219. t. 46. f. 5. Wood yellow, bitter. Leaves alter-
1 P. HETEROPHY’LLUM (Lour. fl. coch. ed Willd. 2. p. 762.)
nate, cordate, entire, 5-7-nerved, smooth and shining above, very h.v.G. Native of Cochin-china in woods. Leaves alternate,
hoary underneath. In the young plants they are frequently quite entire, smooth, stalked ; in the male plant they are somewhat
peltate ; peduncles umbellulate, several from the same bud. cordate, roundish, with short somewhat divided racemes ; in
Flowers greenish. Berries villous. This plant is in repute
the female plants the leaves are ovate, peltate, acuminated, with
among the inhabitants of Colomba, who slice it in thin pieces and racemes somewhat umbellate ; pedicels very short, .
swallow it, with the liquid, after steeping it in water several
Various-leaved Pselium. Shrub cl.
hours. They commend it as an excellent stomachic. It is called Cult. This plant will grow freely in a mixture of loam and
in Singalese Veni-vell-gettah or Bang-well-gettah, in English the peat; and cuttings will root freely in the same kind of soil,
Knotted plant.
under a hand-glass.
Windowed Coscinium. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
XII. CISSAʼMPELOS (Kloos, kissos, the Greek name of
Cult. This plant will require plenty of room in the stove
where grown, or it will not flower as well as all the stove plants rambling branches, and like the vine in having the fruit in
ivy, apmelos, ampelos, a vine; plants like the ivy in the
belonging to this natural order. A mixture of peat and loam
suits it well, and cuttings will root freely under a hand-glass,
racemes). Lin. gen. no. 1138. Lam. ill. t.830. Juss. gen. 285.
D. C. syst. 1.
p. 532. prod. 1. p. 100.
in heat.
LIN. SYST.
Dice'cia, Monodélphia. Male flowers with 4
IX. TILIACO'RA (Tilia-kora, the Bengalese name of the
sepals and 4-2, monodelphous stamens, without petals. Female
flowers with 1 sepal, and 1 petal in front of the sepal. Ovary 1.
plant). Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 67. .
LIN. SYST.
Dice'cia, Hexándria. Sepals 6.
Stigmas 3. Drupe oblique, reniform. Abumen none. Embryo
6. Petals 3.
long, terete, perapheric. Radicle superior, rising from the base
Nectary 6-leaved; male flowers with 6 stamens, alternately of the stigma. Climbing shrubs with simple, stalked, orbicular,
shorter, length of corol. Anthers ovate. Female flowers with
about 12 ovaries in a circle, each ending in a short subulate style. the apex.
ovate, heart-shaped or peltate leaves, which are mucronulate at
Berries many, short-pedicelled, clubbed, smooth. Nut 1 or 2-
the apex. Racemes axillary; male ones often trichotomously-
branched, somewhat corymbose, solitary, twin, or tern; bearing
celled. A climbing shrub with ash-coloured bark and alternate,
cordate, smooth,
shining, pointed, and frequently scolloped leaves.
many flowers at the top of the pedicels, which are destitute of
bracteas, or furnished with very small ones; female racemes sim-
Male racemes frequently compound, female ones simple, few-ple, elongated, bearing broad alternate bracteas, with the pedi-
,
flowered.
1 T. RACEMO'SA (Coleb. in Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 67.) H.U.S.
cels rising in fascicles from the axillæ of these bracteas.
Native of the coast of Coromandel in hedges and places overrun
§ 1. Female flowers furnished with bracteas. Leaves in both
with bushes. Menispermum polycarpon, Roxb. mss. Called
sexes peltate.
Bagha Hind. Tilia-kora Beng. Tiga-mashadi Teling. Flowers 1 C. TROPÆOLIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 532.) leaves peltate,
small, yellow. Berries about the size of a French bean.
ovate-orbicular, acutish, pubescent with scattered hairs ; ra-
Racemose Tilia-kora. Fl. all the year. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. cemes axillary, in pairs. . n. S. Native of South America,
Cult. This plant should be propagated and cultivated in the near Cuchero. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 98. Flowers dark-purple.
a

110
MENISPERMACEÆ. XII. CISSAMPELOS.
ܪ
merous.
Fruit compressed, orbicular, with their margins marked with under surface pubescent, whitish, upper surface smooth ; male
rayed stripes.
peduncles 2-3 together, 3-times shorter than the petioles. .?
Tropæolum-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub tw.
U.S. Native of the Molucca islands. Male flowers small, on
2 C. HERNANDIFO'LIA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 861.) leaves peltate, corymbose branched peduncles ; female ones unknown.
ovate, acuminated, obtuse, mucronate, smooth, with the veins on Two-coloured-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl.
the under surface pilose. h..S. Native of the East Indies. 10 C. HIRSU'TA (Buch. D. C. syst. 1. p. 535.) leaves peltate,
Leaves like those of Hernàndia sonora Flowers unknown. ovate-orbicular, almost veinless. N. v. G. Native of Nipaul.
Berries 1-seeded, in corymbs.
Male flowers very minute, villous; female ones unknown.
Hernandia-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub tw.
Hairy Cissampelos. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
3 C. OWARIE'NSIS (Beauv. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 100.) leaves 11 C. MAURITIA'NA (Petit-Th. in journ. bot. 1809. 2. p. 65.
peltate, ovate, roundish, awned, somewhat lobed, upper surface t. 3 and 4.) leaves cordate-orbicular, pubescent-villous; those of
smooth, veins on the under surface finely-pubescent; floral leaves the male plants peltate ; male racemes axillary, in pairs or nu-
kidney-shaped, ciliated. h. v.S. Native of the western coast
h.v.S. Native of the Mauritius, frequent in woods.
of Africa in the kingdom of Waree.
Ciss. Pareira var. y, Willd. spec. 4. p. 861. Ciss. pareiroides,
Waree Cissampelos. Shrub tw.
D. C. ess. prop. pl. ed. 2. p. 78. This plant is called Pareira-
4 C. PAREIRA (Lam. ill. t. 830.) leaves peltate, somewhat bràva in the Mauritius; it possesses the same medical qualities
cordate, ovate-orbicular, under surface silky-pubescent; female as the true Pareira-brava of Brasil, although in a lesser degree.
racemes longer than the leaves; berries hispid. h. v. S. Na- See Ciss. Pareira. This plant differs from Ciss. Pareira in the
tive of Martinico, Jamaica, St. Domingo, St. Thomas, New branches being hispid, not smooth.
Spain, and Brazil in mountain coppices. Ciss. Pareira, var. a, Mauritian Cissampelos. Fl. ? Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
.
Lin. spec. 1473. Swz. obs. 380. t. 10. f. 5. Caapeba Marcgr. 12 C. GLABE'RRIMA (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 57.) stem herba-
bras. 24. icon. Piso bras. 94. icon. The juice of this tree, ceous, twining; leaves peltate, ovate, acute, rounded at the base;
according to Piso, is a famous remedy against the bite of ser- male flowers corymbose and racemose ; divisions of the calyx
pents. The leaves applied whole or bruised to a wound cures it oblong-linear ; corolla campanulate, 4-lobed. ñ. . S. Native
very effectually. The root is the true Pareira bràva of the shops,
the true Pareìra bràva of the shops, of Brasil in the provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes, Cipo
it is a bitter-sweet diuretic, and is much used in infusion or pow- de Cobras Marcgr. bras. 25-26, with a figure. Piso, bras. 94,
der, especially in ischuria, urinary calculi, jaundice, gout, and with a figure. The stems and the leaves of this plant have a
phlegmatic diseases. See Geoffroy, act. ac. par. 1710. p. 57. bitter taste and stimulating odour, like that of Tropæolum. The
Lochner, diss. par. br. norimb. 1719. Murray. app. med. 1. whole plant is employed to cure the bite of snakes.
p. 498. Woodv. med. bot. 2. p. 227. t. 82. It is to be suspected Very-smooth Cissampelos. Pl. tw.
that the roots of many plants belonging to this natural order are 13 Č. OrinocE'NSIS (H. B. et Kth. spe. amer. 5. p. 68.)
used in the same manner as this plant in various regions, and leaves scarcely peltate, deltoid, cordate, obtuse, upper surface
have the same qualities, and are confused under the same name puberulous, under surface silky-pubescent; fructiferous racemes
in commerce. The name Pareira-brava signifies a wild vine in hardly exceeding the petioles in length; fruit tubercled, pilose.
Portuguese.
h.v.s. Native in shady woods near the river Orinoco. Very
Pareira-brava Cissampelos. Fl. Ju. Jul. Cit. 1733. Shrub cl. like Ciss. tamoides.
5 C. GUAYAQUILE'NSIS (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. Orinoco Cissampelos. Shrub cl.
67.) leaves peltate, somewhat kidney-shaped, hairy-pubescent,
hoary on the under surface ; male cymes axillary, in pairs, § 2. Female flowers furnished with bracteas. Leaves not
shorter than the petioles. h. v.S. Native of Guayaquil. peltate.
Female plant unknown. Perhaps it is only a variety of Ciss.
Pareira.
14 C. TOMENTO'SA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 535.) leaves orbicular,
Guayaquil Cissampelos. Shrub cl.
cordate, tomentose on both surfaces, as well as petioles and calyx ;
6 C. ARGE'NTEA (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 67.) male peduncles axillary, many together, shorter than the leaves.
leaves peltate, roundish, kidney-shaped, emarginate at the apex, , ħ. ^.S. Native near Campechy, in fields. Male flowers vil-
upper surface pubescent, under surface silky-tomentose, and lous, small; female ones unknown.
silvery; male cymes axillary, in pairs, shorter than the petioles. Tomentose Cissampelos. Shrub cl.
h. S. Native of South America on the banks of the river 15 C. TAMOÌDES (Willd ined. D. C. sept. 1. p. 536. St. Hil. fl.
Magdelena near Mompox. Female plant unknown. Perhaps also bras. 1. p. 55.) leaves heart-shaped, pubescent; obtuse, but acute
p
a variety of Ciss. Parèira.
in the recesses; 5-nerved at the base; male racemes longer than
Silvery-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl.
the leaves. h..s. Native of Brasil, in the province of Minas
7 C. MICROCA'RPA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 534.) leaves somewhat Geraes. Very like Ciss. Pareira. Male flowers small; petal of
peltate and kidney-shaped, orbicular, under surface tomentose; the female flower rather orbicular, villous beneath.
berries at first pubescent, afterwards smooth. N. v. S. Native Tamus-like Cissampelos. Shrub tw.
of the West Indies in Jamaica, Martinico, St. Domingo. Ciss. 16 C. CONVOLVULA'CEA (Willd. spec. 4. p. 863.) leaves heart-
Parèira, var. B, Lin. spec. 1473. Very like Ciss. Pareira, but shaped, acuminated, under surface pubescent, upper surface
differing as above.
smooth; female racemes a little longer than the petioles. ħ. n. S.
Small-fruited Cissampelos. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
Native of the East Indies. Female flowers small, male ones and
8 C. HETEROPHY'LLA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 534.) stem leaves pel- fruit unknown.
tate, orbicular, cordate at the base, under surface pubescent; Convolvulus-like Cissampelos. Shrub tw.
floral leaves cordate-reniform, velvety on both surfaces. H.U.S. 17 C. TRILOBA (Spreng. neue. entd. 2. p. 152.) leaves cor-
Native of New Spain about San Blas. Male flowers small, his- date, somewhat 3-lobed, pubescent, denticulately-ciliated, 5-nerv-
pid, 4-sepalled, female ones unknown.
ed; female peduncles axillary, aggregate. h. v. S. Native of
Variable-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl.
Brasil. Bracteas ovate, very villous on the outside, 10-nerved,
9 C. Di’scoLoR (D. C. syst. 1. p. 534.) leaves peltate, broad- denticulately-bearded. Perhaps this plant is the female of Ciss.
ovate, truncate at the base, acuminated at the apex, 7-9-nerved, tamoides.

MENISPERMACEÆ. XII. CISSAMPELOS.
111
h
a
.
Three-lobed-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl.
28 C? Cape'nsis (Thunb. prod. 110.) leaves ovate, bluntish,
18 C. Littora'lis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 54.) Stem pubes- smooth, on very short petioles ; racemes much branched, hardly
cent ; leaves cordate, retuse at the apex, quite entire, tomentose longer than the petioles. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good
beneath ; male racemes solitary or twin, hairy-tomentose, lower Hope. Stems frutescent, twining, branched, somewhat velvety.
ones much longer than the leaves; corolla cup-shaped, divisions Petioles short, pubescent. Flowers small, tomentose.
lanceolate acute. K.S. Native of Brasil, in the province of Cape Cissampelos. Fl.? Clt. 1775. Shrub tw.
Minas Geraes, on the banks of rivers. The taste of the root of 29 C.? Hu'MILIS (Poir. dict. 5. p. 11.) leaves ovate, obtuse,
this plant is very stimulant.
truncate at the base, smooth, stalked with the axillæ woolly.
Sea-shore Cissampelos. Shrub cl.
h.7. Native of Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, tomentose.
19 C. CAAPE'BA (Lin. spe. 1473.) leaves somewhat orbicular, M. Decandolle has two specimens, the one a garden, and the other
cordate at the base, 7-nerved, rather pubescent; female racemes a native specimen; the first is nearly erect, the second is twining;
length of the petioles. 4. v. S. Native of St. Domingo.—Plum.
— and he thinks they may be different species, and that Ciss. Ca-
ed. Burm. t. 67. f. 2. Berries small, kidney-shaped, hardly pénsis hùmilis and Calcarífera may form another genus.
compressed, rather hispid. Male flowers unknown. Caapeba Dwarf-Cape Cissampelos. Fl.? Clt. 1817. Shrub tw.
is the name of the plant in Brasil.
30 C.? CALCARI’FERA (Burch. cat. no. 1795.) leaves elliptical-
Caapeba Cissampelos. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1773. Pl. cl. oblong, blunt at both ends, on very short petioles, cinereously-
20 C. ORBICULATA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 537.) leaves orbicular, pubescent, and furnished with a spur at the external base of
cordate at the base, under surface villous, upper surface pubes- petiole; male flowers glomerate, and nearly sessile in the axillæ
cent; male peduncles generally in threes, shorter than the pe- of the leaves. . G. Native of Cape of Good Hope. Ciss. fru-
tioles. h.v. S. Native of the East Indies. Ciss. tetrandra, ticosa Thunb. prod. 110? Lin. fil. suppl. 432? Stem erect,
Roxb. ined. in herb. Lamb. Leaves similar to those of Menis- branched, never twining nor climbing.
pérmum orbiculatum. Berries small, somewhat compressed, hairy. Spur-bearing Cissampelos. Shrub 2 feet.
Flowers in crowded corymbs, small, villous.
31 C. ? LAURIFO'LIA (Poir. dict. 5. p. 11.) leaves ovate-oblong,
Orbicular-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl.
obtuse, quite smooth; petioles short, thick ; female racemes
21 C. CRENA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 537.) leaves ovate-orbicular, short; fruit large.
short; fruit large. h. v. S. Native of the Island of St. Tho-
nearly sessile, 7-nerved, obtuse, mucronulate, crenately-sinu- mas, in the West Indies. Fruit ovate, narrowed at the base,
ated, rather tomentose; female racemes in pairs, longer than the pulpy, wrinkled, about the size of a nut, when dry of a blackish
leaves. . u? S. Native of Brasil. Fruit ovate-orbicular, brown colour.
pubescent, reticulately-nerved, somewhat compressed.
Laurel-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub tw.
Crenate-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl.
32 C. ANGUSTIFO'LIA (Burch. cat. no. 1717. ex trav. 1. p. 389.)
22 C. Austra'lis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 54.) leaves cordate, leaves broad-linear, roundish at the apex, often emarginate; stem
,
emarginate, mucronate, pubescent; racemes of the female flowers twining. h. 9. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
solitary or twin; stem suffruticose, twining. h. . S. Native Narrow-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub tw.
of Brasil. Stem smoothish; peduncles and axis pubescent. Drupe
ovate-orbicular, compressed.
§ 3. Stems simple, twiggy, erect, suffruticose.
Southern Cissampelos. Pl. tw.
23 C. MONOI'CA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 55.) leaves cordate, ob- 33 C. SUBTRIANGULA'RIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 51.) stems
tuse, rather pilose, puberulous beneath; flowers racemose, monoe- suffruticose, erect, simple, downy; leaves orbiculately-triangular,
cious. h. v.S. Native of Brasil, in the province of St. Paul. somewhat truncate at the base, sides rounded, obtuse at the
apex,
Stem rather pubescent. Drupes
globose, scarlet, rather compressed. pubescent above, and downy beneath ; petal of the female flower
Monoecious Cissampelos. Fl. Feb. Shrub cl.
rather orbicular. ħ.s. Native of Brasil. Stems solitary or
24 C. GRACILIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 55.) leaves cordate, numerous. Racemes shorter than the leaves, bracteate, many-
acutish, pubescent; flowers small, corymbose, and racemose; pe- flowered. Style trifid. Drupe elliptically globose.
duncles pubescent. h.a.S. Native of Brasil, on the banks of Subtriangular-leaved Cissampelos. Pl. li to 2 feet.
the Uruquay. Stem slender, twining. Corolla cup-shaped. 34 C. OVALIFO'LIA (St. Hil. pl. usu. bras, t. 34. fl. bras. 1. t.
Slender Cissampelos. Shrub tw.
51.) stems suffruticose, erect, simple, downy; leaves on short
25 C. OVALIFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 537.) leaves oval, acutish, stalks, ovate, bluntish at the apex, somewhat repand, tomentose
,
coriaceous, under surface hoary, upper surface smooth ; male ra- on both surfaces, or only beneath, as well as the petioles and
cemes usually twin, hispid, 3-times longer than the petioles. female racemes, petals of female flower rather villous beneath ;
h.u? S. Native of Brasil. Flowers small, dark purple; vil- male corymbs usually tern. h. S. Native of Brasil, where it
lous on the outside ; female flowers unknown. Probably the is called Orelha de Onca. The root of this plant is acrid,
same as No. 34.
bitter, and is a powerful febrifuge, and the inhabitants of Brasil
Oval-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl.
make a decoction of it, which they drink with success in inter-
26 C. OVA'TA (Poir. dict. 5. p. 11.) leaves ovate, obtuse, mu-
mittent fevers.
cronate, upper surface smooth, under surface pubescent on the Var. a, cinèreo-viridis (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves cordate at the base,
nerves; female racemes longer than the petioles ; bracteas subu- tomentose on both surfaces, greenish grey, paler beneath. Na-
late. ħ.u.S. Native of the East Indies. Berries kidney- tive in the province of Minas Geraes.
shaped, orbicular, somewhat compressed, smooth, about the size Var. B, rufescens (St. Hil. 1. c. 52.) Stems rufescent, and are
as well as the leaves much less tomentose above than var. a, less
Ovate-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl.
orbicular, and scarcely cordate at the base. Native in the pro-
27 C? ACUMINA'TA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 538.) leaves oval-oblong, vince of Minas Geraes.
acuminated, smooth, 3-nerved at the base; male peduncles axil-
Var. cineráscens (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 52.) leaves a little larger,
p
lary, racemosely panicled, one half shorter than the leaves. scarcely cordate at the base. Native of Para.
h. v. S. Native of the East Indies. Female flowers unknown, Oval-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub 2 feet.
male ones very small.
35 C. COMMU'NIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 52. t. 11.) stem suffru-
Acuminated-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub cl.
ticose, erect, simple, tomentose; leaves cordate, acute, quite entire,
a
of a pea.

112
MENISPERMACEÆ. XIII. MENISPERMUM. XIV. ABUTA.
a
-
pubescent above and tomentose beneath, of a hoary-grey colour, acutish. M. Virgínicum, Lin. spec. 1468. Flowers small, green-
on short stalks ; male flowers racemose, male corolla cup-shaped. ish-white. Berries black.–Dill. elth. 223. t. 178. f. 219.
-
h.S. Native of Brasil, in the province of St. Paul. Racemes Canadian Moon-seed. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1691. Shrub cl.
solitary in the axillæ of the leaves, rarely twin or tern. Petal 2 M. DA'URICUM (D. C. syst. 1. p. 540.) leaves peltate, smooth,
about one half shorter than the calyx.
cordate, angular ; angles acute, terminal one acuminated, hardly
Common Cissampelos. Fl. Oct. Shrub 1į foot.
mucronate; racemes in pairs, capitellate. h. v. H. Native of
36 C. VELUTI'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 52.) stem suffruticose, Dauria, on rocky hills, at the river Chilca, not far from the town
erect, simple, woolly ; leaves ovate, obtuse, velvety ; male co- of Nertchinsk, and also about Ouroulga. Deless. icon. sel. 1.
rymbs axillary, hairy, in fours; male corolla cup-shaped, obso- t. 100. Trílophus ampelisàgria, Fisch in. hort. gorenk.-Gmel.
letely 4-lobed, pilose on the outside. h.S. Native of Brasil, Sib. 3. p. 108. M. Canadense, var. B, Lam. dict. 4. p. 95. Very
in the province of St. Paul. Stem solitary or numerous. Flow- like M. Canadense, but of smaller stature. Flowers yellowish.
ers greenish.
Daurian Moon-seed. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl.?
Velvety Cissampelos. Fl. Oct. Shrub 2 feet.
3 M.SMILACI'NA (D.C. syst. 1. p. 541.) leaves peltate, smooth-
37 C. SUBORBICULA'RIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 53.) stem suffru- ish, cordate-roundish, bluntly angular, under surface glaucous ;
ticose, erect, simple, tomentose; leaves somewhat orbicular, racemes simple; petals 4. h. v. H. Native of Carolina.
hardly repand, pubescent above and tomentose beneath on long- Cissampelos smilacina, Lin. spec. 1473. Jacq. coll. 4. p. 128.
p
.
ish petioles ; male corymbs in twos or fours, without bracteas; icon. rar. 3. t. 629.—Cat. carol. 1. p. 51. t. 51. Female flowers
corolla cup-shaped, 4-lobed, rather pilose. h.s. Native of unknown.
Brasil, in the province of Minas Geraes.
Smilax-like Moon-seed. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1776. Shrub cl.
Var. B, sublanàta (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 53.) stems rather woolly ; 4 M. Lyo'ni (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 371.) leaves cordate,
leaves somewhat cuspidate.
palmately-lobed, on long petioles ; racemes simple ; flowers with
Suborbicular-leaved Cissampelos. Shrub 2 feet.
6 petals and 12 stamens. 4. v. H. Native of Kentucky and
Tennessee. Stems 8 or 10 feet long. Leaves broad. Berries
§ 4. Female racemes bractless.
large, black, 1-seeded. Flowers purple.
38 C. ANDROMO'RPHA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 539.) leaves somewhat Lyon's Moon-seed. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
heart-shaped, quite smooth, membranous, entire, mucronate ; fe-
male peduncles aggregate, branched, bractless. h.U.S. Native
A species not sufficiently known.
of Cayenne. Deless. icon. sel. 1. t. 99. A very distinct species,
5 M.? ACUTUM (Thunb. jap. 193.) leaves cordate, angular,
which should perhaps be made a distinct genus.
behind, acuminated at the apex, smooth. . ? H. Na-
Andromorphous Cissampelos. Fl.? Shrub cl.
tive of Japan, about Nagasaki. Lam. dict. 4. p. 96. Flowers
39 C. EBRACTEA'TA (St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. t. 35. fl. bras. 1. p.
unknown.
53.) stem suffruticose, erect, simple, downy; leaves orbicularly- Acute-leaved Moon-seed. Shrub cl.?
rhomboid, scarcely repand, pubescent above, downy beneath ; Cult. As the species are all hardy climbing plants, they may
female flowers axillary in fascicles, bractless. n. S. Native of be used for covering bowers or trellis-work; they are readily
Brasil, in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called by the increased by dividing the plants at the roots, or by cuttings planted
inhabitants Orelha de Onca. The roots of this plant are consi- in a sheltered situation, early in the spring. Seeds vegetate freely.
dered a specific against the bite of serpents.
Bractless Cissampelos. Shrub 2-3 feet.
XIV. ABUTA. (Abouta, or Abuta, is the Caribbean name of
Cult. All the species of this genus will grow freely in a mix- this tree in Guiana.) Barrer. fr. æq. 1. Aubl. guian. 1. p.
618.
ture of loam and peat; and cuttings root freely, if planted in a pot Juss. gen. 286.
286. D. C.
D. C. syst. 1. p. 542. prod. 1. p. 103.
of the same kind of earth, with a hand-glass placed over them, in Lin. syst. Diccia, Monodélphia. Flowers unknown. Ber-
heat. The species are either stove or green-house, and the
greater
ries 2 or 3, rising from the same receptacle, (f. 30. a.) large, ovate,
part of them require a great deal of room to spread, before they dry, somewhat compressed, 1-seeded, (f. 30. b.) with a brittle co-
can be got to flower.
vering. Large climbing shrubs, with ovate feather-nerved leaves,
the two lower nerves approximate.
XIII, MENISPE’RMUM (from unun, mene, the moon, and 1 A. RUFE'SCENS (Aubl. guian. 1.
FIG. 30.
Oteppa, sperma, a seed; in allusion to the half-moon, or kid- p. 618. t. 250.) leaves ovate, acute,
ney-shape of the fruit.) Tourn. mem. acad. par. 1705. p. 237. entire, - under surface greyish-velvety
Lam. ill. t. 824. D. C. syst. 1. p. 539. prod. 1. p.
102.
or brownish. h.v. S. Native of
Lin. syst. Dice'cia, Polyándria. Sepals and petals disposed Cayenne and Guiana, in woods. Male
,
in a quaternary order, in two or three series ; male flowers with flowers grey-velvety on the outside,
16-20 stamens ; female flowers with 2-4 ovaries. Drupe bac- dark-purple on the inside ; female
cate, roundish, kidney-shaped, 1-seeded. Climbing shrubs with ones unknown. Bark brown; wood
alternate peltate or cordate smoothish leaves ; peduncles axillary reddish. A ptisan is prepared from
or supraxillary. Male and female peduncles rather dissimilar. the branches, which is used by the na-
Flowers small, greenish-white.
tives of Cayenne against obstruction
1 M. CANADE'NSE (Lin. spec. 1468.) leaves peltate, smoothish, of the liver, to which they are often
somewhat cordate, roundish, angular; angles bluntish, terminal subject: the ordinary dose is a drachm
one abruptly awned, mucronate, racemes solitary, compound; boiled or infused in a pint of water :
petals 8.
h. v. H. Native of North America among bushes The same plant is called by them
on the banks of rivers, and on fertile declivities, from Canada to White Parèira-brava. There are also
Carolina. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1910. Schkuhr. handb. 3 t. 337. varieties with yellow branches and red
M. Canadense var. a, Lam. dict. 4. p. 95. ill. t. 824. M. angu- branches, called Yellow Parèira-brava and Red Pareira-brava,
làtum, Monch. meth. 277. Flowers small, yellowish-green. and perhaps the roots of this are confused with those of the true
Berries black.
Parèira-bràva of Brasil ( Cissampelos Parèira), and sold in shops
Var. B, lobàtum (D. C. syst. 1. p. 540.) angles of leaves for them (f. 30.)
a

hov
MENISPERMACEÆ. XV. TRICHOA. XVI. AGDESTIS. XVII. CLYPEA. XVIII. MENISCOSTA. XIX. JODES.
. . Jodes113
Rufescent Abuta. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl. or herbaceous, with tuberous or creeping roots. Leaves of all
2 A. CA'NDICANS (Rich. ined. in herb. Juss. D. C. syst. 1. p. peltate. This genus approaches near to Cissampelos, but the
.
543.) leaves ovate, acuminated, somewhat crenated or lobulate, structure of the flowers and stamens are very different.
under surface smooth, white. S. Native of Cayenne, 1 C. Di'sCOLOR (Blum. I. c.) leaves peltate, ovate, bluntish,
where it is called Liane amere, from its bitter taste. The plant mucronate, hoary-tomentose beneath ; heads of flowers disposed
probably possesses the same medical qualities as the A. ruféscens in axillary umbels. Ķ n. S. Native of Java.
and Cissampelos Parèira. The flowers are unknown.
Two-coloured-leaved Clypea. Shrub tw.
Whitened-leaved Abuta. Shrub cl.
2 C. vEno'sa (Blum. 1. c.) leaves peltate, ovate, bluntish, mu-
Cult. The species of this genus will grow freely in a mixture cronate, smooth, somewhat truncate at the base, whitish beneath,
of loam and peat; and cuttings will strike root readily, if planted but with the veins purplish ; umbels elongated, compound, axil-
in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat. lary, solitary. him. S. Native of Java.
Veined Clypea. Shrub tw.
XV. TRICHO'A (from Opič, Tpixos, thrix, trichos, hair; in allu- 3 C. CAPITA'TA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves peltate, ovate, acute, mem-
sion to hair-like barren filament both in male and female flowers). branous, smooth ; racemes axillary, solitary; flowers crowded on
Pers. ench. 2. p. 634. D. C. prod. 1. p. 103. Bátschia, Thunb. a fleshy receptacle. h.n.s. Native of Java.
.
nov. act. ups. 5. p. 120. t. 2.
Headed-flowered Clypea. Shrub tw.
LIN. SYST. Dioe'cia, Hexandria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 4 C. ACUMINATISSIMA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves peltate, ovate-ob-
3-sepalled. Petals 3, coriaceous, villous, approximate at the long, acuminated, somewhat coriaceous, smooth ; racemes axil-
middle, but reflexed at the top. Male flowers with 6 stamens lary or lateral, solitary; flowers crowded on the receptacle.
inserted in the disk, the 3 outer ones sterile, alternating with the hin. S. Native of Java.
petals; the 3 central ones monadelphous, fertile. Female flowers Very-acuminated-leaved Clypea. Shrub tw.
with 6 sterile stamens, their filaments bimaculate at the
apex.
5 C. TOMENTO'SA (Blum. 1. c.) the whole plant tomentose ;
Carpels 3, drupaceous, coriaceous, oblong, villous. Seed bipli- leaves roundish obtuse, mucronate; corymbs dichotomous, axil-
cate. Climbing shrubs with alternate simple leaves.
lary, solitary, shorter than the leaves. h. n. S. Native of
1 T. RACE MO'SA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 634.) racemes axillary, Java.
solitary, few-flowered. h.v.S. Native about Mariquita, in South Tomentose Clypea. Shrub tw.
America. Bátschia racemosa, Thunb. l. c. p. 123. t. 2. f. 1. 6 C. CORYMBO'SA (Blum. l. c.) leaves peltate, roundish, acute,
Racemose-flowered Trichoa. Shrub cl.
repand, smooth ; flowers umbellate, axillary. 4.9.G. Native
2 T. CONFE'RTA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 634.) spikes axillary, soli- of Cochin-china and Java. Stephània rotunda, Lour. Root tu-
tary ; flowers crowded. h. v.S. Native of South America,
h. u.s. Native of South America, berous. Stem simple.
with the first. Bátschia conférta, Thunb. 1. c. t. 2. f. 2.
Corymbose-flowered Clypea. Pl. tw.
Crowded-flowered Trichoa. Shrub cl.
7 C. LO'NGA; leaves peltate oblong, smooth; flowers capitate,
Cult. The species of Trichoa will thrive in a mixture of loam axillary. 4. n. G. Stephània lónga, Lour. Root filiform,
and peat; and cuttings will root freely planted in the same kind creeping.
of mould, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat.
Long-rooted Clypea. Pl. tw.
Cult. The species of Clypea will thrive in a mixture of loam
XVI. AGDE'STIS. (Agdestis, in mythology, a hermaphro- and sand; and cuttings will root, if planted in a pot of sand, with
dite, descended from Jove and the Agde rock. The name is a hand-glass placed over them, in a moderate heat.
applied to this genus because it is the only one in the order Me-
nispermàcee with hermaphrodite flowers, therefore it is a monster
Allied Genera.
in the order.) Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C.
p. 543. prod. 1. p. 103.
XVIII. MENISCO'STA (unvlokos, meniskos, a little moon;
LIN. SYST. Polyándria, Tetragynia. Flowers hermaphrodite.
in allusion to the shape of the seed.) Blum. bijdr. A. ned. ind.
fl
Sepals 4. Petals wanting. Stamens 24 ; anthers bifid at both
ex Schlecht. Linnæa, 1. p. 499.
ends, adhering by their middle. Carpels 4, joined into one 4-
LIN. Syst. Polygàmia, Monce'cia. Flowers polygamous, male
furrowed ovary. Stigmas 4, spreading, somewhat reflexed at
ones with a small 4-5-cleft calyx, and 4-5 petals, disposed in two
the apex. A climbing smooth shrub, with alternate heart-shaped series. Stamens 5, broad, opposite the petals
, and glued to them
.
stalked leaves, and trifid corymbose peduncles, the lower ones
at the base. Urceolus membranous, short, 5-toothed, girding the
axillary, and the upper ones approximating into a thyrse. base of the pistillum. Ovary didymous, sterile. Female flowers
1 A. CLEMATI' DEA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.)
with the corolla, calyx, and stamens, as in the male ones : ovary
ş. v. S. Native of New Spain. Flowers rufescent, about the didymous, crowned by two bluntish stigmas
. Drupes baccate, 2,
size of those of Clématis Flámmula. Fruit unknown.
(or, from abortion, solitary), kidney-shaped, compressed, l-
Clematis-like Agdestis. Shrub cl.
.
seeded. A climbing smooth shrub, with oval-oblong mucronated
Cult. This plant will thrive well in a mixture of loam and
leaves, and axillary panicles of flowers.
peat; and cuttings will root under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
1 M. Java'nica (Blum. l. c.) . v.S. Native of Java.
Java Meniscosta. Shrub cl.
XVII. CLY'PEA (from clypeus, a buckler; in allusion to
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit this plant
the buckler-formed filament.) Blum. bijdr. A. ned. ind. ex
well ; and cuttings planted in the same kind of soil, will root, if
Schlecht. Linnæa 1. p. 499. Stephània Lour. Spreng. but not
placed under a hand-glass, in heat. †
of D. C.
LIN. SYST. Dioe'cia, Monándria. Flowers dioecious. Male
flowers with 6-9 unequal sepals and 3 petals. Stamen 1 ; fila-
XIX. JO'DES (iwòns, jodes, violaceous, colour of fruit). Blum.
ment peltate, crowned by an annular anther. Female flowers bijdr. A. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnæa 1. p. 499.
with 3-4-6 sepals, with the same number of petals. Ovary 1,
LIN. SYST.
Dice'cia, Monadelphia. Flowers dioecious ; male
crowned by 3-5 acute stigmas. Berry superior, obovate or kid- ones with a 6-parted calyx and corolla, and 5 stamens, which are
ney-shaped, 1-seeded. Plants climbing or twining, shrubby monadelphous at their base, and alternating with the petals.
,
VOL. 1. PART II.
Q
a
a
a
syst. 1.
h.v
;

114
BERBERIDEÆ. I. BERBERIS.
.
a
a
p. 105.
Anthers 2-celled, opening on the side; they are inserted on the top
§ II. Perennial herbaceous herbs.
of the filaments. Female flowers with a corolla and calyx as in the
4. LEO'NTICE. Sepals 6, (f. 32. a.) naked on the outside.
male ones, but they are usually 6-cleft. Ovary simple, ovate-
globose, 1-seeded. Stigma sessile, orbicular, radiately emar-
Petals 6, (f. 32. b.) bearing a scale at the base of each on the
ginate. Fruit unknown. A climbing shrub, with almost oppo- inside. Capsules bladdery, (f. 32. c.) 2-4-seeded.
site oval mucronate leaves, which are tomentose on the ribs 5 EPIME'DIUM. Sepals 4-8, furnished with 2 bracteas on the
.
beneath ; and axillary, rather dichotomous corymbs of flowers. outside. Petals 4-6, furnished with a two-coloured appendage
1 J. ova'lis (Blum. 1. c.) h. v. S. Native of Java.
.
on the inside of each. Capsule in the form of a silicle, many-
Oval-leaved Jodes. Shrub cl.
seeded.
Cult. See Meniscosta.
6 ACHLYS. Sepals and petals wanting.
Flowers naked,
ORDER. VII. BERBERI'DEÆ, (plants agreeing with Bér- disposed in a dense spike. Stamens numerous. Stigma dilated,
,
beris in many important characters.) Vent. tabl. 3. p. 83. D. C.
hence concave.
fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 627. syst. 2. p. 1. prod. 1. p.
105.
7 DIPHYLLE'IA. Sepals 3, naked outside. Petals 6, naked
Sepals 3-4, but usually 6, (f. 31. c.) in two series, deciduous, inside. Berry 2-3-seeded.
furnished with petal-like scales on the outside (f. 31. c.) Petals
equal in number with the sepals, rarely double that number, (f. 31.
I. BEʻRBERIS. (Berberys is the Arabic name of the fruit,
and ßepſepi in Greek signifies a shell: many authors believe that
a. f. 32. b.), and opposite them, usually furnished with a gland or
it is originally derived from this word, because the leaves are
a scale at the base on the inside of each. Stamens equal in num-
hollow, like a shell ; and Bochart says, the word bepߣp. is de-
ber with the petals and opposite them; anthers adnate, 2-celled, rived from the Phoenician word barar, which expresses the bril-
opening from the base to the apex by a small somewhat elastic valve. liancy of a shell ; alluding to their shining leaves.) Lin. gen. no.
.
Ovary solitary, crowned by the rather orbicular stigma. Fruit 442. Juss. gen. 286. Lam. ill. t. 253. Schreb. gen. no. 595.
. .
Gært. fruct. 1. p. 200. t. 42. f. 6. D. C. syst. 2. p. 4. prod. 1.
1-celled, baccate, or capsular, (f. 31.c.). Seeds erect, usually fixed
to the bottom of the lateral placenta, rarely solitary, usually Lin. syst. Hexándria, Monogynia.
Hexandria, Monogynia. Sepals 6, guarded on
2-3, ovate or globose. Albumen fleshy, usually rather corneous. the outside by 3 scales. Petals 6, with 2 glands on the inside of
Embryo straight, slender, with the radicle more or less thickened each. Stamens toothless. Berries 2-3-seeded. Seeds 2, rarely
at the point, and flat cotyledons. Smooth shrubs or perennial 3, laterally inserted at the base of the berries, erect, oblong, with
a crustaceous coat, and fleshy albumen; cotyledons leafy, ellip-
herbs, with simple or compound feather-nerved leaves. Flowers
tical; radicle long, capitellate at the top. Shrubs from 2 to 18
yellow or white, usually disposed in racemes or panicles. This feet high, with the primary leaves abortive, generally changed
order differs from all those belonging to Thalamiflòræ in the into spines, the secondary ones growing in fascicles in the axillæ
singular dehiscence of the anthers. The species are all inhabitants
of the primary ones. Flower in all yellow. The stamens of
of Europe, Asia, North and South America, usually of the tem-
Bérberis vulgàris, Canadensis, Sinensis, and perhaps all the spe-
perate zones; but when found within the tropics, they are always shelter themselves under their concave tips. No shaking of the
cies of such flowers as are open, bend back to each petal, and
at a considerable height on the mountains.
branch has any effect upon them, but if the inside of the filaments
The seeds retain their vegetative power a considerable time, are touched with a small bit of stick, a needle, or pin, they in-
therefore they are easily imported in a living state from any part stantly spring from the petals, and shake the anthers against the
of the world. The medicinal qualities of this order are scarcely stigma. The outside of the filament has no irritability, nor has the
known. The roots are usually bitter and astringent. Bark
anther itself any; as may be proved by touching either of them with
pur- a blunt needle, or any thing which cannot injure the structure of
gative, taken in the form of a decoction in ale or other liquors. the part. If the stamen be bent to the stigma by means of a pair
The berries and leaves in all the species of Bérberis and Mahònia of scissars applied to the anther, no contraction of the filament is
are acid and astringent; the latter quality is particularly strong produced. From all this it is evident that the spring of the sta-
in the wood and bark: these last parts afford a yellow colour,
mens is owing to a high degree of irritability in the side of the
filament next the germ, by which, when touched, it contracts,
which will dye linen and cotton, with the assistance of alum. that side becomes shorter than the other, and consequently the
filament is bent towards the germ. This irritability is percep-
Synopsis of the Genera.
tible in the stamens of flowers of all
ages.
If the
germ is cut off
the filaments will still contract; and, nothing being in their way,
§ I. Shrubs.
will bend over quite to the opposite side of the flower. After
1 BE'RBERIS. Sepals 6, furnished on the outside with 3 scales. irritation the stamens will return to their original place; and, on
Petals 6, with 2 glands on the inside of each at the base. Sta-
being touched again, they will contract with the same facility as
mens toothless. Berries 2-3-seeded.
at first, and this may be repeated three or four times. The
pur-
pose which this curious contrivance of nature answers is evident.
2 MAHONIA. Sepals 6, furnished on the outside with 3 scales,
In the original position of the stamens, the anthers are sheltered
(f. 31 c.). Petals 6, (f. 31. a.) without glands on the inside. from rain by the concavity of the petals. Thus probably they
Stamens furnished with a tooth on each side at the top of the fila-
remain till some insect comes to extract honey from the base of
ment, (f. 31. b.) Berries 3-9-seeded.
the flowers, thrusts itself between the filaments, and almost un-
3 NANDI'NA. Sepals 6, furnished on the outside, with numer-
avoidably touches them in the most irritable part: thus the
impregnation of the germ is performed. This irritability in
ous scales, which are disposed in many series. Petals 6, without
the stamina has been more particularly observed in the B. vul-
glands on the inside. Berries 2-seeded.
gàris.

BERBERIDEÆ. I. BERBERIS.
115
a
§ 1. Leaves simple. Peduncles many-flowered, racemose.
Iberian Barberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1790. Sh. 8 to 10 ft.
3 B. EMARGINA'TA (Willd. enum. 1. p. 395.) spines 3-parted;
1 B. VULGA'RIS (Lin. spec. 472.) spines 3-parted; leaves leaves lanceolate-obovate, ciliately serrated ; racemes scarcely
somewhat obovate, ciliately-serrated; racemes many-flowered, pendulous, shorter than the leaves ; petals emarginate. K.H.
pendulous; petals entire. h. H. Native throughout the whole Native of Siberia Very like B. vulgàris, but is one half smaller
of Europe and Western Asia, in hedges and coppices, especially in all its parts and with emarginate petals.
in a chalky soil; it is even found on Mount Etna, at 5000 or 7500 Emarginate-petalled Barberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820.
feet above the level of the sea : in England, particularly about Shrub 6 feet.
Saffron-Walden in Essex, &c. Mill. dict. no. 1. Oed. fi. dan. t. 4 B. CANADE'NSIS (Mill. dict. no. 2.) spines 3-parted ; leaves
904. Smith eng. bot. 49. B. irritábilis, Sal. prod. 213. Fruit red. obovate-oblong, remotely serrated, upper ones nearly entire ;
Var. B, lùtea ; fruit yellow. Lher. ined.
racemes many-flowered, nodding. h. H. Native of North
Var. Y, violacea , fruit violaceous. Poit. et Turp. arb. fr. 59. America in fertile hills and among rocks, especially in the Alle-
Var. d, purpùrea; fruit purple ; leaves narrow, hardly-ciliated ghany mountains, from Canada to Carolina, also in Tennessee.
B. innominata, Kielm. dec. rar. pl. tub. p. 18.
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 219. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 210. B.
Var. ε, nigra; fruit black; leaves oblong, ciliately serrated ; vulgàris, Mich. fil. bor. amer. 1. p. 205. Hook fl. bor. amer. 1.
serratures few.
p. 28. Shrub 3 or 4 feet high, apparently between B. vulgaris
Var. 5, àlba; fruit white. Mill. dict. no. 1.
and B. Chinensis. The berries are said by Pursh to be more
Var. 0, aspérma; fruit destitute of seeds. Mill. dict. no. 1. acid and less fleshy than those of B.vulgàris. Nuttall says that the
Shrubs from 4 to 8, but sometimes 25 feet high. Roots bitter, as- petals are emarginate. The same incorrect idea too prevails in
tringent, boiled in lye will dye wool yellow. Bark purgative, taken the United States respecting the injurious effects of the Barberry
in the form of a decoction, in ale or other liquors, is efficacious
upon the wheat which grows in its neighbourhood.
in the jaundice. The bark of the root and inner bark of the Canadian Barberry. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1759. Sh. 4 ft.
stem affords a colour which will dye linen or cotton of a fine 5 B. SINE'NSIS (Desf. cat. ed. 1804. p. 150.) spines 3-parted;
p
yellow, with the assistance of alum. In Poland they dye leather leaves oblong, obtuse, entire, or the lower ones are a little toothed ;
of a most beautiful yellow with the bark of the root. The leaves racemes many-flowered, nodding. h. H. Native of China.
are gratefully acid. The flowers are offensive to the smell when Wats. dend. brit. t. 26. A shrub, 3 or 5 feet high. Berries
close, but at a proper distance their odour is extremely agree- oval, of a deep-red colour, 1-2-seeded. This plant is perhaps
able. The berries are so acid that birds will not eat them. The the B. vulgàris of Thunb. jap. 1. p. 146.
Barberry, however, is cultivated for the sake of these, which are China Barberry. Fl. May. Clt. 1800. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
pickled and used for garnishing dishes ; and being boiled with 6. B. FLORIBU'NDA (Wall. MSS.) spines 3-parted, unequal ;
sugar they form an agreeable rob or jelly, they were formerly leaves obovate-lanceolate, or obovate-oblong, tapering much to
used as a dry sweet-meat as well as in sugar-plumbs and comfits. the base, ending in a mucrone at the apex, paler beneath,
They are moderately restringent, and are said to be of great use spiny-ciliated; racemes many-flowered, loose, solitary, pendu-
in bilious fluxes, and in all cases where heat, acrimony, and pu- lous; fruit oblong. h. H. Native of Nipaul.
tridity of the humours prevail. On the authority of Prosper Bundle-flowered Barberry. Shrub 10 feet.
Alpinus we are informed that the Egyptians employ them in 7 B. ARISTA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 8.) lower spines 3-parted,
pestilential fevers and fluxes with great success, and Simon Paulli upper ones simple and hardly bidentate at the base ; leaves
relates that he was cured of a malignant fever, accompanied with obovate-oblong, or lanceolate, mucronate, membranous, smooth,
a bilious diarrhoea, by using these berries according to the Egyp- serrated with 4 or 5 spinulose teeth ; racemes nodding, many-
;
tian practice, that is, macerating them for a day and a night in flowered, longer than the leaves ; pedicels trifid, 3-flowered ;
twelve times their quantity of water with the addition of a little berries oblong. h. H. Native of Nipaul. Hook exot. fl. t.
fennel-seed, and then stirring and sweetening the liquor and using 98. Ker. bot. reg. 729. B. angustifolia, Roxb. hort. beng. 87.
it as a common drink. Dr. Woodville observes in his Medical B. Chítria, Buch. in D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p. 1. A species
Botany, vol. 4. p. 62, that these berries are well calculated to very
like B. Sinensis. Ovaries oblong-cylindrical, crowned by
allay heat and thirst, and to correct a putrid tendency in the the very short thick style, and orbicular stigma. Leaves some-
fluids; but that, in this respect, they seem to possess no peculiar times quite entire.
advantages over most of the other acid fruits; hence the colleges Awned-leaved Barberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820.
of Edinburgh and London have expunged this fruit from the 8 B. AFFI'NIS ; spines 3-parted, unequal ; leaves membra-
Materia Medica, and retained only that of the currant.
nous, oblong-obovate, tapering to both ends, spiny-ciliated in the
parts of Europe a certain peculiarity is ascribed to this shrub, middle, but with the base and apex entire, paler beneath ;
that ears of corn growing near it constantly prove abortive, and racemes many-flowered, erect, long, loose. h. H. Native of
that it extends this sterile influence over them to the distance of Kamoon in the East Indies. B. floribùnda ? Wall. MSS.
3 or 400 yards across a field; but this opinion is altogether Allied Barberry. Shrub 6 feet.
groundless. Insects of various kinds are remarkably fond of the 9 B. CERATOPHY’LLA ; spines strong, 3-parted, unequal ;
flowers of the Barberry, and the Acídium Berbéridis, its parti- leaves lanceolate, or obovately lanceolate, mucronate, tapering to
cular inhabitant, is supposed to generate the dust which, carried the base, spiny-toothed ; teeth large, 2 or 3 on each side, paler
from the bush by winds and lighting on wheat and other corns, beneath ; racemes many-flowered, loose, erect; pedicels long,
is said to give rise to the Puccinia, a minute fungus which closes sometimes somewhat verticillate. h.H. Native of Nipaul? B.
up the pores of the leaves and appears like rust or mildew. All
floribunda ? Wall. MSS.
the peculiarities the B. vulgàris is said to possess runs through Buckhorn-leaved Barberry. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
the whole genus as well as the genus Mahònia.
10 B. Cre’tica (Lin. spec. 472.) spines 3-5-parted; leaves
Common Barberry. Fl. April, May. Brit. Sh. 8 to 20 ft. oval-oblong, entire, or somewhat serrated; racemes 3-8-flowered,
2 B. IBERICA (Stev. et Fish. in litt.) spines simple and 3- rather shorter than the leaves. K. H. Native of Crete and
parted ; leaves obovate-oblong, quite entire ; racemes many- Cyprus. Fl. græc. t. 342.-Clus
. hist. p. 301. --Alpin. exot.
–
.
flowered, pendulous ; petals entire. K.H. Native of Iberia. 21. t. 20. Berries ovate, black, 2-seeded, more sour than
B. vulgaris? v, ibérica. D. C. syst. 2. p. 6.
.
acid; stigma on a very short style.
In many
-
Q 2

116
BERBERIDEÆ. I. BERBERIS.
-
ܪ
Var. B, serratifolia (Poir. dict. 8. p. 618.) leaves ciliately- 20 B. CORIACEA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 46.) spines small, 3-
serrated.
parted, sometimes wanting ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, ,
Cretan Barberry. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1759. Sh. 4 to 5 ft. narrow, obtuse, mucronulate, gradually tapering to the base;
11 B. CRATÆGI'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 9.) spines simple ; leaves racemes curved, pendulous. h.S. Native of Brazil in the
oblong, reticulated, hardly serrated; racemes many-flowered, southern parts of the province of St. Paul. Berries small, acid,
crowded, spreading, scarcely longer than the leaves. ħ.H. eatable. Stipulas somewhat triangular.
Native of Asia Minor. Allied to B. Crética and B. Sinensis. Coriaceous-leaved Barberry. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
Flowers 12-18, crowded. Like B. vulgàris.
21 B. RUSCIFO'LIA (Lam. ill. t. 253. p. 2.) spines 3-parted;
Cratægus-like Barberry. Fl. April, May? Shrub 4 to 8 ft. leaves oblong, tapering at the base, mucronate, entire, or grossly
12 B. TINCTO'RIA (Lesch. in mem. mus. 9. p. 306.) spines and spiny-toothed ; peduncles short, bearing 4-5 flowers at the
3-parted ? leaves rather spatulate, spiny-toothed, glaucous be- apex. h. G. Native of South America about Buenos Ayres.
neath ; racemes simple, pendulous; bark rather corky: wood Flowers a little larger than those of B. vulgàris.
bitter and yellow. h. H. Native of Nellygerry mountains in Ruscus-leaved Barberry. Fl.? Clt. 1825. Shrub 4 to 8 ft.
the Peninsula of India, where the inhabitants call it tjaklon, and
22 B. PANICULA'TA (Juss. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 12.) spines
they employ a decoction of the wood and bark to dye linen and short, trifid ; leaves lanceolate, mucronate, entire, or spinulosely-
cotton of a bright yellow colour with the assistance of alum. toothed ; peduncles angular, erect, racemosely-panicled. h.S.
Dyers' Barberry. Fl. April, May. Shrub 6 to 7 feet,
Native of Peru. Bracteas linear-subulate, one half shorter than
13 B. THUNBEʻRGII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 9.) lower spines 3- the pedicels. Calyx with 3 bracteas at the base.
parted, upper ones simple ; leaves oval, tapering at the base, Panicled-flowered Barberry. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
quite entire ; racemes few-flowered, corymbose, shorter than the 23 B. ILICIFOLIA (Forst. in comm. goett. 9. p. 28.) spines 3-
leaves. h. H. Native of Japan. B. Crética, Thunb. jap. 1. parted ; leaves ovate, tapering at the base, coarsely and spinulosely-
p. 146. but not of Lin. Young berries oblong, terminated by toothed ; peduncles short, 4-flowered ; pedicels elongated, some-
the broad, orbicular, sessile stigma, and as if it were truncate. what corymbose; berries ovate, bottle-shaped. h. H. Native
Thunberg's Barberry. Fl. April, May? Shrub 4 to 6 feet. of Terra del Fuego in the fissures of rocks, at a place called
14 B. UMBELLA'TA (Wall. mss.) spines 3-parted, long, equal; Baye de Bougainville in the Straits of Magellan. In Terra
leaves obovate-oblong, mucronate, entire, glaucous beneath; Fuego the inhabitants make use of the wood for bows, for which
peduncles solitary, erect, bearing at the top several umbellate purpose it is well adapted, on account of its great elasticity.
pedicels which rise from the same centre. ñ. H. Native of Holly-leaved Barberry. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1791. Sh. 2 to 3 ft.
Nipaul ?
24 B. ASIA'TICA (Roxb. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 13.) spines trifid,
Umbellated-flowered Barberry. Shrub 6 feet.
or simple; leaves oval, cuneated, or elliptical, mucronate, smooth,
15 B. GLAUCA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 10. H. B. et Kth. nov. spec.
under surface glaucous, entire, or spinulosely-toothed; racemes
amer. 5. p. 71. t. 433.) spines 3-parted ; leaves obovate, under short, many-flowered, corymbose, shorter than the leaves ; pedi-
5
surface glaucous, nearly entire; racemes many-flowered, erect; cels elongated, 1-flowered ; berries oval. N.G. Native of the
paniculately-branched; petals obovate. h. S. Native of South East Indies and Nipaul. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 1. In the form
America about Santa Fe de Bogota. Allied to B. vulgàris but of the leaves this species comes very near to B. ilicifolia.
very distinct. Flowers a little larger. Sepals 6, with an addition
a
Berries terminated by the thick short style; pollen grey.
of 3 largish scales.
Asiatic Barberry. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
Glaucous-leaved Barberry. Fl. April, May? Sh. 4 to 6 ft. 25 B. PETIOLA'RIS (Wall. mss.) spines simple ; leaves obo-
16 B. MONOSPE'RMA (Ruiz, et Pav. A. per. 3. p. 52.) spines vate roundish, or obovate-oblong, spiny-ciliated, on long petioles,
3-parted; leaves oval or obovate, mucronate, lower ones spiny- membranous; racemes solitary, short, loose, erect, or rather
toothed; racemes many-flowered, nodding. Þ.G. Native of pendulous; flowers large. K. H. Native of Nipaul ?
Peru on mountains. Berries black, 1-seeded.
Stalked-leaved Barberry. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
One-seeded Barberry. Fl. Aug. Sept. Shrub 4 feet.
26 B. RIGIDIFOLIA (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 70. t.
17 B. GLAUCE'SCENS (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 46.) spines 3- 431.) spines 3-parted ; leaves oblong, terminated by a spiny
parted ; leaves obovate-oblong; obtuse, mucronulate, cuneated mucrone, hardly furnished with one or two teeth, smooth ; ra-
at the base and tapering into the petiole, quite entire, glaucescent; cemes few-flowered, scarcely longer than the leaves. ħ.G. Na-
racemes many-flowered, pendulous ; calyx 8-sepalled; style
style tive of South America. Allied to B. lùtea. Flowers the size of
narrower than the ovary. ħ.S. Native of Brazil in the pro- those of B. vulgàris. Bracteas subulate, 3-times shorter than
vince of Cis Platine in woods. Stipulas awl-shaped, very
the pedicels.
Flowers globose, about the size of those of B. vulgàris. kigid-leaved Barberry. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
Glaucescent-leaved Barberry. Fl. Sept. Shrub 4 to 8 feet. 27 B. QUINDIUE'NSIS (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p.
70.
18 B. LATIFO'LIA (Ruiz. et Pav. Al. per. 3. p. 52. t. 282, a.)
.
.
t. 432.) spines none; leaves oblong, spiny-toothed, mucronate,
spines short, 3-parted, or simple; leaves obovate, quite entire, smooth ; racemes erect, pubescent, many-flowered, longer than
mucronate, under surface pale ; peduncles 3-6-flowered, shorter the leaves. . S. Native of South America in the mountains
than the leaves. h. H. Native of Peru in the Andes towards about Quindiu. Flowers one half larger than those of B. vul-
the village of Pillao in cold groves. Berries oval, dark, 3-4- gàris. Bracteas linear-subulate, smooth.
seeded, terminated by the pedicellate stigma. Flowers unknown. Quindiu Barberry. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
Broad-leaved Barberry. Fl. March, April. Shrub 9 feet. 28 B. SPINULO'SA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 45.) branches rather
19 B. Flexuo'sa (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 52. t. 281. f. 2.) flattened, smooth, or even; spines 3-parted ; leaves few in a
spines 3-parted ; leaves obovate, glaucous, quite entire, mucro- fascicle, on short stalks, oblong, tapering and cuneated at the
nate at the apex ; racemes aggregate, unequal, few-flowered. base, remotely spiny-toothed, quite entire at the base.
h. G. Native of Peru on rocks in the Andes ; about Tarma Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul, near the town of
and Cheuchin. Young berries ovate-oblong, drawn out into a Curitiba. Branches flexuous. Stipulas membranous, somewhat
neck at the apex and crowned by the orbicular stigma, adult triangular.
ones oblong, black, 4-5-seeded.
Spinulose-leaved Barberry. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
Flexuous-branched Barberry. Fl. from Dec. to Ju. Sh. 4 to 8 ft. 29 B. LAURI'NA (Billb. in flor. 1821. p. 330.) spines? leaves
acute.
h.s.

BERBERIDEÆ. I. BERBERIS. II. MAHONIA.
117
-
ܪ ܀
ovate, mucronate, entire ; racemes simple, pendulous. n. s. 38 B. HETEROPHY'LLA (Juss. in Poir. dict. 8. p. 622.) spines
Native of Brazil.
3-parted ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, glabrous, some of them en-
Laurel-like Barberry. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
tire, others furnished with 3 pungent teeth ; pedicels solitary, 1-
flowered, hardly longer than the leaves ; filaments toothed. K.H.
§ 2. Leaves simple. Pedicels 1-flowered.
Native of the Straits of Magellan. Hook. exot. fl. t. 14. Allied
to B. ruscifolia, but abundantly distinct in the pedicels being
30 B. WALLICHIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 107.) spines 3-parted; 1-flowered. Berries roundish, 4-seeded, purplish-blue, about
leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminated at both ends, very smooth, the size of a pea, and crowned by the sessile stigma.
rigid, coriaceous, spinosely-serrated, green and shining on both Variable-leaved Barberry. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub
surfaces; pedicels club-shaped, 10-15, aggregate, 1-flowered ;
4 to 6 feet.
berries oval. h. G. Native of Nipaul.
| 39 B. VIRGA'TA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 51. t. 281. f. B.) spines
Wallich's Barberry. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
.
small or none; leaves obovate, entire, or spinosely-toothed at
31 B. TOMENTO'SA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 52. t. 282. b.) the apex, smooth ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, length of leaves.
spines none; leaves oval, under surface densely tomentose, entire h. S. Native of Peru in woods. An erect, much branched,
or with a few spiny-teeth ; pedicels 1-3, 1-flowered, slender. smooth shrub. Berries small, oblong-ovate. Seed brown.
h.G. Native of Chili about Conception. Flowers 6-petalled, Allied to B. lùtea.
about the size of those of B. vulgàris. Berries oval, 2-3-seeded, Twiggy Barberry. Fl. Dec. to Feb. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
beaked with the pedicellate stigma.
40 B. SIBIÓRICA (Pall. fl. ross. 2. p. 42. t. 67. itin. app. no.
Woolly-leaved Barberry. Fl. May, July. Shrub 8 feet. 108. t. P. f. 2. ed. gall. 3. p. 211. t. 13. f. 2.) spines 3-7-
32 B. LUTEA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 51. t. 280.) spines parted ; leaves lanceolate-obovate, ciliately-serrated; peduncles
none; leaves obovate, mucronate, and tricuspidate; branchlets 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves. h. H. Native of Siberia,
rather pubescent; pedicels many, 1-flowered, somewhat shorter Altaia, and Dauria, among rocks. Flowers very like those of
than the leaves. h.H. Native of Peru on wooded rocks in B. vulgàris. The berries, according to Pallas, are obovate and
the Andes in cold situations. The wood is hard and made red.
into utensils, it also yields a yellow colour which is used for Siberian Barberry. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
dying cloth.
41 B. ATROVIRENS (Wall. mss.) spines 3-parted, long, equal;
Yellow-dye Barberry. Fl. Nov. to June. Shrub 4 feet. leaves lanceolate, tapering to both ends, spiny-ciliated, acute,
33 B. CONFE'RTA (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 69. rusty on the under surface ; pedicels aggregate, 1-flowered,
t. 430.) leaves smaller than in any of the other species, entire, rising from the heart of the fascicle of leaves. h. H. Native
terminated by a spine, and furnished with a small spine on each
a
of Nipaul.
side, but many of them bear 2 or 3 small spines on each side. Dark-green-leaved Barberry. Shrub 10 feet.
h.s. Native of South America between Caxamarca and the
river Magdalena. B. lùtea, var. ß, D. C. syst. 2. p. 14.
Species not sufficiently known, but distinct, from the leaves
Crowded-leaved Barberry. Fl. Nov. to June. Shrub 4 feet. being abruptly pinnate, and with their petioles ending in a spine
4
34 B. INE'RMIS (Pers. ench. 1. p. 387.) spines none; leaves
elliptic, quite entire, smooth, scarcely mucronulate; pedicels
solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves. ħ. H. Native of 42 B. TRAGACANTHOIDES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 18.) spines 3-
the Straits of Magellan at Bougainville Bay. Ovaries ovate, parted, small ; leaves with 1-2 pair of leaflets, crowded in the
crowned by the stigma.
axillæ ; petioles spiny at the apex. h. H. Native of Russia
.
Unarmed Barberry. Fl. Dec.
Fl. Dec. Shrub 4 feet.
along the banks of the river Cur near Tiflis. A species allied
35 B. BUXIFO'LIA (Lam. ill. t. 253. f. 3.) spines 3-parted;
to B. Crética and B. Sibirica.
leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, smooth, quite entire ; pedicels Tragacantha-like Barberry. Shrub 1 foot.
longer than the leaves, either solitary, 1-flowered, or in threes, 43 B. CARAGANÆFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 18.) the primordial
rising from a short peduncle. h. H. Native of the Straits of leaves bearing at the base two stipulary spines, with the top of
Magellan at the bottom of the Boucaut Bay. A small twisted their petioles ending in a spine ; leaflets 2-pairs. H.G. Native
shrub. Berries blueish-purple, 4-seeded.
of China in the province of Shantong. Leaflets 2-pairs, inserted
Var. B, microphylla (Forst. in comm. goett. 9. p. 29.) pe-
at the top of petiole beneath the spinescent part.
duncles 3, 1-flowered. Native of Terra del Fuego in the fis- Caragana-leaved Barberry Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
.
sures of rocks.
Cult. The commoner sorts of this genus will do well in any
Box-leaved Barberry. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
kind of garden soil, but the rarer species will require to be
36 B. EMPETRIFO'LIA (Lam. ill. t. 253. f. 4.) spines 3-parted; grown in a mixture of loam and peat, mixed with a little sand;
leaves linear, quite entire, with revolute margins; pedicels 1-2, they may be either propagated by suckers or layers which should
1-flowered. h. H. Native of the Straits of Magellan in sub- be put down in the autumn, when the leaves have fallen, and
alpine woods, frequent. A small shrub. Pedicels rising from ripened cuttings planted at the same time will strike root, or
the branchlets between the leaves.
they may be increased by seeds, which is the most general
Empetrum-leaved Barberry. Fl. Dec. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. method, sown either in the autumn or spring. The stove species,
37 B. CUNEA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 16.) spines 3-parted, or those sorts natives of warm climates, do not require so much
hardly longer than the leaves ; leaves obovate-cuneate, spinosely- heat as other stove plants, and the green-house kinds may be
trifid, smooth; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, nearly equal in easily preserved in a frame.
length with the leaves. h.G. Native of South America about
Port Desideratum. Allied to B. heterophylla. Flowers about
the size of those of B. vulgàris. Berries obovate, somewhat II. MAHO'NIA (in honour of Bernard Mc Mahon of Phila-
globose, of an intense bluish-purple colour, crowned by the delphia, a lover of botanical science.) Nutt. gen. amer. 1. no.
sessile stigma.
307. D. C. syst. 2. p. 18. prod. 1. p. 108. Adostèmon, Raf.
Wedge-leaved Barberry. Shrub 4-6 feet.
amer. monthl. mag. 1819.
P.
192.
at the apex.
a
a

118
BERBERIDEÆ. II. MAHONIA. III. NANDINA. IV. LEONTICE.
;
LIN. SYST. Hexandria, Monogynia. Sepals 6, guarded on or subcordate at the base; repand
FIG. 31.
the outside by 3 scales. Petals 6, without glands on the inside. toothed, with 5 to 10 spiny-teeth
Stamens furnished with a tooth on each side at the top of the on each side, tricuspidate at the
filament. Berries 3-9-seeded. Elegant shrubs, with impari- apex; racemes few, elongated,
pinnate leaves, and sinuately-toothed leaflets. Flowers yellow.
Flowers yellow. slender ; bracteoles oval-oblong,
Species either inhabiting the north-western coast of America or obtuse. h. F. Native of Ni-
the north of Asia, especially in Nipaul, and perhaps Japan. paul about Narain-Hetty. Deless.
Some botanists think that the character that distinguishes this icon. sel. 2. t. 4. Berberis Mìccia,
genus from Berberis is not sufficiently constant to separate it, as Hamilt. mss. D. Don, prod. fl.
Bérberis heterophylla has toothed stamens, and those of M. Na- nep. p. 205. Filaments simple.
paulensis are without teeth.
(f. 31.)
1 M. FASCICULA'RIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 19.) leaflets 3-6-pairs, Var. B, Roxbúrghii (D. C. 1. c.)
with an odd one, the lower pair distant from the base of the B. pinnata, Roxb. ined. The leaf-
petiole; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, rather distant, 1-nerved, spiny- lets have fewer and larger teeth.
toothed, with 4-5-teeth on each side ; racemes erect, much Pedicels a little longer than the
crowded ; filaments bidentate. ħ. F. Native of New Spain, bracteas. ħ. F. Growing along
and about Nootka Sound. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 3. Bérberis with the species. Racemes 12 or
pinnata, Lag. elenc. hort. mad. 1803. p. 6. Ker. bot. reg. t. 702.
.
.
14, from the same bud.
Hook. f. bor. amer. 1. p. 28. H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. Nipaul Mahonia. Fl. Nov. Dec. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
5. p. 71. t. 434. B. fasciculàta, Sims bot. mag. t. 2396. Berries 6 M. ACANTHIFÒLIA ; leaves with 6-10 pairs of sessile leaflets
oval, deep-blue.
and an odd one, lower pair small, approximating the stem, the
Fascicular Mahonia. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 rest obliquely oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, spiny-toothed,
to 8 feet.
gradually enlarging from the base to the top; racemes numerous,
2 M. AQUIFO'LIUM (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 212.) leaflets 2-3- rising from the top of the branches in fascicles, long, erect,
pairs, with an odd one, the lower pair distant from the petiole ; crowded with flowers.
h. F. Native of Nipaul. Bérberis
leaflets ovate, approximate, cordate at the base, 1-nerved, spiny- acanthifòlia, Wall. mss. Perhaps the same as the preceding.
-
toothed, with 9 or 6 on each side; racemes erectish, much Acanthus-leaved Mahonia. Shrub 6 feet.
crowded ; filaments bidentate. h. H. Native of North Ame-
rica on the western coast, and along the river Columbia, among
Species not sufficiently known.
rocks in rich vegetable soil. Berberis aquifolium, Pursh. fl.
7 M. JAPO’NICA (Thunb. A. jap. 77 ? icon. jap. t. 22.) N.G.
amer. sept. 1. p. 219. t. 4. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 29.
. Berries
Cultivated in the island of Nipon in Japan. Ilex Japónica, Thunb.
dark-purple, crowned by the 3-lobed stigma.
Var. a; leaflets sinuately-toothed, wavy, with few teeth.
fl. jap. 77. icon. jap. t. 22.
Japan Mahonia. Shrub.
Native of Nootka Sound.
Var. B; leaflets obscurely-toothed, flat, glaucous beneath,
Cult. This is a genus of beautiful and rare shrubs. They
will
with numerous teeth. Native at the junction of the Portage sand; they may be either propagated from suckers or layers
grow well in a mixture of loam and peat, mixed with a little
river with the Columbia.
put down in the autumn; and ripe cuttings planted at the same
Holly-leaved Mahonia. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 to
time will strike root the following year, under a hand-glass.
6 feet.
3 M. RE'PENS ; leaflets 2-3 pairs, with an odd one, roundish-
ovate, opaque, spiny-toothed; racemes diffuse ; root creeping, III. NANDI'NA (Nandin or Nand-scokf is the vernacular
filaments bidentate. h. H. Native of North America on the name of the shrub in Japan.) Thunb. nov. gen. 1. p. 14. Gært.
Rocky Mountains. Berberis aquifolium, Lindl. bot. reg.
fruct. 2. p. 69. t. 92. f. 3. Juss. gen. 429. D. C. syst. 2. p. 22.
1176. A small branched shrub, with the leaves rather glaucous prod. 1. p.
109.
on both surfaces. Racemes terminal, numerous, fascicled, dif- Lin. syst. Hexandria, Monogynia. Sepals 6, guarded by
LIN
fuse, rising from the scaly buds. The description of Pursh's B. numerous series of scales. Petals 6, glandless inside. Berries
aquifolium was taken partly from this, and partly from the true dry, globose, crowned by the style. Seeds 2, round, convex on
M. aquifolium.
one side and concave on the other. An elegant evergreen shrub,
Creeping-rooted Mahonia. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1822. Shrub with decompound leaves, and with the petioles sheathing at the
1 to 2 feet.
base ; leaflets entire. Flowers terminal, panicled, white, with
4 M. NERVO'sa (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 212.) leaflets 5-6 yellow anthers. Berries red, about the size of a pea.
pairs, with an odd one, the lower pair distant from the petiole;
1 N. DOME'STICA (Thunb. diss. nov. gen. 1. p. 14.) H.G. ·
leaflets ovate, acuminated, remotely spiny-toothed, somewhat 3-
Native of Japan and China, where it is cultivated in the gardens.
5-nerved, with 12 or 14 teeth on each side ; racemes elongated; Lam. ill. t. 261. Herb. amat. 281. Banks, icon. Koempf. t. 13
filaments bidentate. h. H. Native of North America on the
and 14. Sims bot. mag. 1109. Called in its native country
western coast, along the river Columbia. Common in shady Nandscokf, Nattan, or Nandin Koempf.
pine forests, on the coast of the Pacific. Bérberis nervosa, Pursh.
Domestic Nandina. Fl. in China and Japan in May and July ;
fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 219. t. 5. Hook. fl. bor. amer. 29. M. in England in Jan. ; at Paris in July and Aug. Clt. 1804. Shrub
glumàcea, D. C. syst. 2. p. 21. A small shrub. Berries deep-
5 feet.
blue.
Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of loam and
Nerved-leaved Mahonia. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 to 3 peat; and ripened cuttings, with their leaves not shortened, will
feet.
strike root freely if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a
5 M. NAPAuLENSIS (D.C. syst. 2. p. 21.) leaflets 5-9 pairs, with hand-glass. (Sweet.)
an odd one, the lower pair smallest, approximating the base of the
petiole ; leaflets ovate-oblong, cuspidate, 5-nerved and rounded, IV. LEO'NTICE (an ancient name abridged from Leontope-
a
a
1

BERBERIDEÆ. IV. LEONTICE. V. EPIMEDIUM.
119
a
.
-
0
talon, which is derived from Newv, leon, a lion; metalov, petalon, 4 L. ALTA'ICA (Pall. act. petrop. 1779. p. 257. t. 8. f. 1, 2,
a leaf; because the leaf of L. Leontopetalum is said to bear some and 3.) stem leaf solitary; petioles 3-parted, divided to the base,
resemblance to the impression of a lion's foot.) Lin. gen. no. each part bearing 5-oblong, entire leaflets, which are palmately
423. Lam. ill. t. 254. Schreb. gen. no. 571. Juss. gen. p. 287. disposed. 4. H. Native on the Altaian mountains, in sunny
Brown in Lin. trans. 12. p. 145. t. 7.
places, and about Zmeof. Lam. ill. 254. f. 2. Root the size of
Lin. syst. Hexandria, Monogynia. Sepals 6 (f. 32. a.) a nut. Flowers yellow. Stamens equal in length with the petals.
without scales. Petals 6 (f. 32. b.) each bearing a scale on the Altaian Lion's Leaf. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 foot.
inside at the base. Capsules bladdery, 2-4-seeded (f. 32.c.) Seeds 5 L. ODESSA'na (Fisch. in litt.) stem leaf solitary, petioles
globose, inserted in the bottom of the capsule. Herbs with divided into 3 parts to the base, each part bearing 5 oblong, en-
tuberous roots and annual stems about a foot high, and variously tire, stalked leaflets, which are palmately disposed; stamens dou-
cut leaves, somewhat resembling those of Columbine. Flowers ble the length of the petals. 4. H. Native on chalky hills
in loose racemes, or panicles, furnished with ovate, leafy, entire about Odessa. L. Altàica B, Odessàna, D. C. syst. 2. p. 26.
bracteas, at the base of the pedicels. Calyx usually coloured. prod. 1. p. 110. This plant differs from L. Altàica in the pedi-
cels being a little longer, and the stamens being double the height
Sect. I. LEONTOPE'TALUM (from lewv, leon, a lion, and metalov, of the petals, and with the segments of the leaves on rather longer
petalon, a leaf; lion's leaf. See L. Leontopétalum.) D. C. syst.
stalks. Flowers yellow.
2. p. 24. prod. 1. p. 109. Capsules greatly inflated when mature Odessa Lion's Leaf. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1828. Pl. 1 foot.
(f. 32. c.) never ruptured, inclosing the seeds. Upper leaves 6 L. THALICTROI'DES (Lin. spec.
pinnate or ternate. Petioles simple, or divided at the top, not 448.) stem leaf solitary; petiole
FIG. 32.
at the base.
divided to the base into 3 parts,
1 L. CHRYSOGONUM (Lin. spec. 447.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets each part bearing 3 ovate or obo-
sessile, oval-oblong, 3-5-cleft at the apex; bracteas small, sca- vate deeply-cut acuminated leaf-
rious. 4. H. Native of Greece in corn-fields, also near Abydos lets. 4. H. Native of North Ame-
and Aleppo.-Mor. hist. 2. p. 285. sect. 3. t. 15. f. 7.-Barrl. rica, in shady woods on mountains,
icon. 1113. &c. Chrysógonum
Chrysogonum Dioscorides, Rauw. itin. 1582. from Virginia to New England ;
p. 119. icon. Flowers yellow ; stamens and petals nearly equal also near Philadelphia ; but rare.
in length. The specific name is derived from xpvoos, gold, and
Brown in Lin. trans. 12.
p.
145.
yovu, a knee, on account of the bright yellow blossoms which t. 7. Caulophyllum thalictroides,
usually rise from the forks or knees of the stem.
Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 205. t. 21.
Golden-kneed Lion's Leaf. Fl. in its native country in March ; Pursh, fl. bor. amer. sept. 1. p. 218.
in England in June. Clt. 1740. Pl. 1 foot.
Stems a foot high. Flowers yel-
2 L. LEONTOPE'TALUM (Lin. spec. 448.) leaves biternate; low-green. Berries deep blue, glo-
;
leaflets obovate, on very short petioles ; bracteas leafy, much bose, contracted below into a long
shorter than the pedicels. 2. H. Native of Puglia, Etruria, stipitate base; these are called Co-
4.
and Crete, in ploughed land and corn fields; frequent in Greece hosh by the Indians, and the plant
and all the islands of the Archipelago, &c. Lam. ill. t. 254. f. is esteemed medicinal. (f. 32.)
1.-Barrl. icon. t. 1030. Leontopétalon, Lob. icon. t. 685. f. 2. Thalictrum-like Lion's Leaf. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1784.
-Mor. hist. 2. p. 285. sect. 3. t. 15. f. 6. &c. Flowers yellow, Pl. 1 foot.
p
striated with veins. Stamens shorter than the petals. Seeds 3- Cult. A of pretty little plants, usually with beautiful
4, globose, brown. For the meaning of the specific name see yellow flowers. The species require to be kept in pots, in order
section. It is given to this plant because the leaves are said to that they may be sheltered by a frame during winter ; they will
bear some resemblance to the impression made by a lion's foot, thrive well in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and may be in-
and from this cause it is called in French Pied-de-Lion.
creased by separating the tubers of the root. Leóntice Vesicària
True Lion's Leaf. Fl. in its native country in the winter or will require to be watered now and then with salted water, or it
the beginning of spring ; in England in April and May. Clt. 1597. will not live.
Pl. 1 foot.
3 L. Vesica'RIA (Pall. act. petrop. 1779. p. 2. t. 9. f. 4. V. EPIMEDIUM (from emi, epi, upon, and Media; said to
leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong, somewhat cuneate, blunt, sub- grow in Media, a name from Dioscorides, retained by Linnæus.)
mucronate; bracteas leafy, scarcely one-half shorter than the Lin. Gen. no. 148. Juss. gen. 287. D. C. syst. 2. p. 28. prod.
pedicels. 4. H. Native of Siberia in muddy places at the salt 1. p. 110.
lake in the Kirghisian steppe. L. incerta, Pall. itin. 3. app. no. 84.
Tetra-Hexandria Monogynia.
Sepals 4-8, fur-
t. 5. f. 2. ed. gall. app. no. 321, t. 77. f. 3. Flowers yellow? nished with 2 bracteas on the outside, at the base. Petals 4-6,
Plant soft, succulent (f. 32. c.)
each furnished on the inside with a 2-coloured appendage. Cap-
Bladdery-podded Lion's Leaf. Fl. in its native country in the sules siliculæform, 2-valved, many-seeded. Stamens 4-6. Style
beginning of spring ; in England in April and May. Pl. foot. 1. Seeds obliquely and transversely situated, unilateral. Herbs
with creeping perennial trunks, and annual stems. Leaves
Sect. II. CauloPHY'LLUM (from kavlos, kaulos, a stem; qui- stalked, compound ; leaflets awnedly-serrated. Racemes ter-
,
lov, phyllon, a leaf; because the plants contained in this section minal, simple, or compound.
bear only one leaf on each stem, directly under the racemes of 1 E. ALPINUM (Lin. spec. 171.) radical leaves none ; stem
flowers, and appears to terminate the stem, as if it were only a one biternate; leaflets cordate-lanceolate, acuminated, ser-
petiole.) Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 204. t. 21. D. C. syst. 2. p. rated, with the serratures awned ; sepals 4-6 ; petals 4 ; sta-
26. prod. 1. p. 109. Capsules hardly inflated, sometimes bac-
mens 4. 4. H. Native of England in Cumberland and York-
cate, ruptured when mature; the seeds are therefore exserted. shire, in coppices and woods; France and other parts of the
Bearing only one leaf on each stem, which is situated under the South of Europe, in the same kind of situation. Lam. ill. t. 89.
raceme; petiole 3-parted from the base, bearing 3 or 5 leaflets Schkuhr handb. 1. p. 81. t. 24. Smith fl. græc. 2. t. 150. eng.
on each part.
bot. 438. Stem about 4 inches high. Flowers purplish.
genus of
LIN. SYST.

120
BERBERIDEÆ. VI. Achlys. VII. DIPHYLLEIA. PODOPHYLLACEAE. I. PODOPHYLLUM.
a
Var. B, pubigerum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 28. prod. 1. p. 110.) Cymose-flowered Diphylleia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812.
petioles pilose ; nodes very hairy. 4. H. Native about Con- Pl. 1 foot.
stantinople. Perhaps a proper species.
Cult. This plant will grow freely in any light rich soil, in a
Alpine Barren-wort. Fl. March, May. England. Pl. , foot. shady, moist situation, and is easily increased by dividing at the
2 E. PINNA'TUM (Fisch. in litt. D. Č. syst. 2. p. 29.) radical
p
root, in the spring.
leaves pinnate; scape leafless. 4. H. Native of Persia, in the
province of Gilan. Flowers erect. Fruit pendulous at top of
ORDER VIII. PODOPHYLLACEÆ. (plant agreeing with
pedicels.
Pinnate-leaved Barren-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
Podophyllum in many important points.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 31.
.
3 E. HEXA'NDRUM (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 30. t. 13.) radical prod. 1. p. 111.
p
leaves twice or thrice ternate ; leaflets cordate, bluntly 5-lobed, Calyx of 3 (f. 33. a.) or 4 sepals. Petals 6-9. (f. 33. b. c.)
a
. b.c.
somewhat pilose ; flowers hexandrous; sepals 8; scape leafless.
4: H. Native of North-west America ; common in shady pine disposed in 2 or 3 series
, each series containing the same number
forests at Fort Vancouver on the Columbia, Puget Sound, and
as there are sepals, the outer series alternating with them.
North California. Caulophyllum gràcile, Dougl. mss. Petals Stamens equal in number with the petals, or double that number;
6, oblong-obovate, cucullate at the apex, each furnished at the filaments filiform; anthers terminal, opening lengthwise on the
base on the inside with a spatulate concave yellow appendage. inside by a double chink. Ovary solitary, crowned by a thick
Hexandrous Barren-wort. Pl. a to 1 foot.
, , (
Cult. The E. alpinum succeeds well in any common garden peltate stigma, which is nearly sessile, (f. 33. e.) Carpels 1-
soil, and is readily increased by dividing at the root. The E.
celled baccate (f. 33. e.) indehiscent, or capsular opening round
pinnatum and E. hexandrum have not yet been introduced; but
the circumference at the apex. Seeds numerous, ovate-glo-
if they should, it would be advisable to keep them in pots, in a bose, inverted, fixed to the lateral placenta. Albumen fleshy.
mixture of peat, sand, and loam, until their hardiness is ascer-
Embryo straight, basilar. Herbs with rhyzomatose roots,
tained.
stalked, peltate-nerved lobed leaves, and 1-flowered bractless
VI. A'CHLYS. (achlys, dimness ; obscure plant.) D. C. peduncles. Flowers white. This order is closely allied, on the
syst. 2. p. 35. prod. 1. p. 112. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 30. one hand, to the herbaceous species of Berberídeæ, but differs
t. 12.
from them in the anthers not opening by an elastic valve, and they
LIN. SYST. Polyándria, Polygynia. Calyx wanting. Corolla
are terminal, not adnate. It differs from Nymphiàceæ in the
wanting. Flowers naked, disposed in a dense spike. Stamens
numerous. Anthers didymous, globose, almost unilocular, bila-
parts of the flower being ternary, or quaternary, as well as in
biate. Stigma dilated, hence concave. Ovary ovate, smooth,
the torus being narrow, and in the albumen being fleshy, not
1-celled ; containing only 1 erect ovula, fixed to the bottom of mealy, and from Papaveràceæ, in the plants yielding a watery
the cell. Herb with a creeping perennial woody trunk, with 2 juice, not milky, and in the unilateral disposition of the seeds, as
or 3 leaves rising from the same root, which are ternate. Leaf-
well as in the albumen being fleshy, not oily. It differs from
lets large, fan-shaped, sessile. Flowers in spikes; those at the
Ranunculàceæ Vèræ in the anthers bursting inwardly; but per-
base of the spikes are rather remote.
1 A TRIPHY'LLA (D. C. 1. c. Hook. l. c.) 4. H. Native of haps the Ranunculaceæ Spùria ought to be associated with this
the North-west coast of America, in shady pine woods among order on account of the dehiscence of its anthers.—Plants inhabit-
moss; common near the shores of the Pacific, about the mouth ing humid and shady places of North America, from whence the
of the Columbia river and at Fort Vancouver, Leóntice triphylla,
Smith, in Rees' Cycl. Leaflets with very unequal sides; upper
roots are easily imported in a living state, as well as the seeds.
side, or front, coarsely sinuate-toothed or lobed ; lobes blunt,
The roots are purgative. The herb is narcotic and poisonous.
finely rayed with nerves. Scapes longer than the leaves, erect,
.
The berries are eatable, but sour.
slender.
Three-leaved Achlys. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. This plant will succeed well in any common garden
Synopsis of the Genera.
soil; and it may be increased by dividing at the root.
I. PODOPHY'LLUM. Calyx 3-sepalled. Petals 6-9. Stamens
VII. DIPHYLLE'IA (from dis, dis, double ; and pullov,
12-18. Berry rather fleshy, 1-celled, indehiscent.
phyllon, a leaf ; in allusion to each stem of the plant only bearing Capsules opening round the circumference at the
a
II. JEFTERSÒNIA. Calyx 4-sepalled. Petals 8. Stamens 8.
two alternate leaves.) Mich. fi. bor. amer. 1. p. 203. t. 19. and 20.
apex.
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 218. Nutt. gen. amer. p. 304. D. C.
syst. 2. p. 29. prod. 1. p.
110.
I. PODOPHYÖLLUM. (This name is abridged from Anapo-
Lin. syst. Hexandria, Monogynia. Sepals 6, naked on the dophyllum, the name originally given to it by Catesby, derived
outside. Petals 6, naked on the inside. Stamens 6. Style from anas, a duck; tous modos, pous podos, a foot; and outlov,
scarcely any. Stigma capitate. Berries nearly globose, sessile, phyllon, a leaf; in allusion to the leaves bearing some resem-
1-celled, 2-3-seeded. Seeds ovate-oblong. A smooth perennial blance to the form of a duck's foot.) Lin. gen.
646. Lam. ill.
herb, with the habit of Leóntice or Podophyllum, with 2 large
t. 449. Juss. gen. 235. Nutt.
365. D. C. syst. 2.
alternate lobed leaves on each stem.
p.' 33. prod. 1. p. 111.
1 D. CYMÒSA (Mich. 1. c.) 4. H. Native of North Carolina, Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 3 sepals, (f.
Virginia, Georgia, on the borders of rivulets, on the tops of the 33. a.). Petals 6-9, (f. 33. b. c.). Stamens 12-18. Berries
highest mountains, and on the banks of Columbia river. Leaves 2, somewhat fleshy, (f. 33. e.) l-celled, indehiscent. Perennial
alternate, large, kidney-shaped, usually profoundly 2-lobed at the herbs, with 2 opposite peltate deeply bipartite lobed leaves, bear-
apex. Flowers white, cymose. Berries roundish, of a bluish-black ing one white drooping flower on the top of each stem, between
colour.
the two leaves.
.
LINSYST
Nutt. gen.
2.
p.

PODOPHYLLACEÆ. II. JEFFERSONIA. HYDROPELTIDEÆ. I. CABOMBA.
121
4. H.
.
2
;
1 P. PELTA'TUM (Lin. spec. 722.)
FIG. 33.
about Harper's ferry, and Sweet-springs. Sims, bot. mag. 1513.
stem erect, 2-leaved, 1-flowered;
Podophyllum diphyllum, Lin. spec. 723. Jeff. binata, Bart.
fruit ovate.
Native of
act. soc. amer. 3. p. 344. icon. Jeff. Bartònis, Mich. f. bor.
North America, in shady, humid
amer. 1. p. 237. Leaves profoundly cleft into 2 lobes. Pedun-
1
woods, from New England to Ca-
cle 1-flowered. Flower white; anthers yellow. Calyx deci-
rolina, near Boston, and along the
duous, coloured. Seeds shining.
Delaware, near Philadelphia ; near
Two-leaved Jeffersonia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1792. Pl.
Montreal ; Lake Huron, &c. Sims,
4 foot.
bot, mag. 1819. Bigel. mat. med.
Cult. This pretty little plant thrives best in peat soil, mixed
2. p. 34. t. 23.—Mentz. pug. t. 11.
with a little loam and sand, in a shady situation, and may either
Catesb. carol. p. 24. t. 24. Root
be increased by seeds or dividing at the root. It will require
horizontal, creeping. Leaves irre-
a little protection in severe weather.
gularly lobed. Flowers white, so-
litary, situated between the 2 leaves,
Order IX. HYDROPELTI'DEÆ (plants agreeing in many
Pedicel, after flowering, inflexed.
important characters with Hydropéltis) D. C. syst. 2. p. 36.
Berry ovate, about the size of a
sloe, yellowish, at first nauseous,
Cabombeæ, Rich, anal, fru.
but when ripe rather acid, but eatable : hence its vernacular
Calyx of 3-4-coloured sepals, (f. 34. a.) Petals equal in
name, Wild Lemon.–The root is a safe and active cathartic, com- number to the sepals, and alternating with them. Stamens
bined with calomel : it contains a resinous matter, a bitter extract, 6-36, (f. 34. b.) disposed in a double or multiple series ; fila-
and a little gummy substance. The whole herb is narcotic and
.
ments capillary; anthers ovate-triangular, or linear, terminal,
poisonous, particularly the leaves. The fruit ripens in May,
whence its name May-Apple, given to it by the settlers in North
(f. 34. b.) opening by a double chink on the inside. Ovaries
America. (f. 33.)
2-18, terminated by the style. Stigma obtuse. Carpels 2-18,
The dried root of the May-Apple is brittle, and easily reduced baccate or capsular, indehiscent, each containing only 1-2 seeds
to powder. It has a peculiar and rather unpleasant taste, but from abortion ; seeds globose, inverted or pendulous. Albumen
without much acrimony. When chewed for some time it mani-
rather farinaceous, not truly fleshy. Embryo small, basilar.
fests a strong bitter taste. Both the tincture and decoction are
intensely bitter. When water is added to the alcoholic solution,
Small aquatic herbs, floating on the surface of water. Leaves
the mixture becomes very gradually turbid, and at length opaque.
entire, peltate, or multifid. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered.
The powdered root answers all the purposes of jalap, rhubarb, Flowers purple or yellow. This order differs from Podophyllàceæ
and aloes, and is more safe and mild in its operation. In irritable in the ovaries being numerous, not solitary, as well as in the
stomachs it sometimes occasions nausea and vomiting, but this stigma being seated on a longer style, and in the seeds being defi-
effect is often occasioned by other cathartic medicines. A dose
of about 20 grains operates with efficacy. The root is said by
nite : it also differs from Nymphidceæ in the last respect. No-
some physicians to be a medicine particularly suited for dropsy. thing is known of their medicinal qualities. The seeds are diffi-
It has also had the character, in the southern states of North cult to preserve in a living state for any length of time.
America, of curing intermittent fevers. It is said that the
Shakers at Lebanon, New York, prepare an extract of the Podo-
Synopsis of the Genera.
phyllum, which is much esteemed by medical practitioners as a 1 CABOMBA. Sepals and petals 3. Stamens 6. Ovaries 2.
mild cathartic.
Peliate-leaved Duck's-foot, or May-Apple. Fl. May. Clt.
Seeds 1-2, globose, inverted.
1664. Pl. foot.
2 HYDROPE'LTIS. Sepals and petals 3 or 4. Stamens 18-36.
2 P. CALLICA'RPUM (Rafin. fl. lud. p. 14. no. 20.) stem
Ovaries 6-18. Seed ovate-globose, pendulous within the peri-
forked; fruit oblong. 4. H. Native of Louisiana. Stem carp.
2-leaved, l-flowered, about 5 inches high. Leaves 6-lobed.
Flowers nodding, sweet-scented ; petals 6, white. Fruit about I. CABO'MBA (a name given by Aublet to this plant, but
the size of a filbert, white or reddish.
a
from what derived he does not mention) Aubl. guian. 1. p. 321.
Beautiful-fruited Duck’s-foot, or May-Apple. Pl. } foot. t. 124. Rich. ann. mus. 17. p. 230. t. 5. f. 23.
D. C. syst. 2.
Cult. These plants should be planted in a moist, shady situa- p. 96. prod. 1. p. 112. Juss. gen. 46. Néctris, Schreb. gen.
.
tion, in a peat or vegetable soil; they are easily increased by no. 610. Willd.
Willd. spec. 2. p. 248. Nutt, gen. amer. no. 338.
dividing at the root.
Lin. Syst. Hexandria, Digýnia. Calyx of 3 sepals co-
loured on the inside. Petals 3. Stamens 6; anthers tetragonal.
II. JEFFERSO'NIA. (This genus is dedicated to Mr. Jeffer- Ovaries 2, terminated by the style. Carpels baccate, 1-2-seeded !;
son, the celebrated President of the United States.) Bart. act. seeds globose, inverted. Herb emulating Ranúnculus aquátilis.
soc. amer. 3. p. 334. Nutt. gen. amer. 368. D. C. syst. 2. p.
.
1 C. AQUA'TICA (Aubl. 1. c. 2. S. W. Native of Cayenne
34. prod. 1. p.
111.
and Guiana, in ditches and slow running rivulets. Also in Georgia
LYN. syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals. Pe- and Carolina, according to Mich. Néctris aquática, Willd.
tals 8. Stamens 8, with short filaments. Capsules opening by p. 248. N. peltàta, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 239. Herb float-
the whole circumference at the apex. Seeds numerous, furnished ing in water, immersed leaves opposite, stalked, cut into 5 divi-
at the base with a lacerated ariſlus. A stemless herb, about 4 sions even to the petiole, segments multifid; emersed leaves
inches high, allied on the one hand to Podophyllum, and on the floating, alternate, on long petioles, peltate-nerved, orbicular,
other to Sanguinària.
entire.
Peduncles long, axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. Flowers
1 J. DIPHYLLA (Pers. ench. p. 418.) 4. H. Native of small yellow. Néctris pinnàta, Pursh. 8. amer. sept. 1. p. 239.
Tennessee, in shady, somewhat humid places in valleys, and on is perhaps only a variety of this plant.
the sides of hills and mountains; also in Virginia, abundantly
;
Aquatic Cabomba. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. fi.
R
spec. 2.
VOL.I.- PART II.

122
HYDROPELTIDEÆ. II. HYDROPELTIS. NYMPHIACEÆ.
a
-
a
b
CU
Cult. This plant will do well in a cistern about a foot deep, what gelatinous follicle-formed aril, and with the cells filled with
with 2 inches of loam in the bottom for the plant to root in, gelatinous pulp when mature. Albumen sometimes wanting in
then filled up with water, and placed in the warm part of a
stove. +
the seeds of the free carpels, but farinaceous in the seeds of the
inclosed carpels. Embryo small, turbinately globose, situated on
II. HYDROPEL'TIS (from üdwp udpos, hydor hydros, water,
the outside of the albumen at the base of the seed, therefore in-
Teltn, pelte, a buckler; because the plant grows in water and
verted in the fruit; it appears undivided at first sight, because it is
has leaves in the form of a buckler) Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. inclosed in a membranous covering (this is not the case in any
324. t. 29. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1147. Rich. ann. mus. 17. p. other order) when this covering is torn asunder it exhibits
230. t. 5. f. 22. Brasènia, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 389.
two thick leafy cotyledons. The covering falls off of itself before
Nutt.
gen. amer. no. 392.
Lin. Syst. Polyándria Polygynia. Calyx of 3-4-sepals, colour- germination. All aquatic floating plants yielding somewhat milky
ed on the inside (f. 34. a.) Petals 3-4. Stamens 18-36. Ovaries juice, and to gardeners possessed of great interest on account of
6-18, ending in filiform styles. Carpels capsular, 1-seeded. Seed the elegant form and various hues of their flowers. The trunk
ovate-globose, pendulous within the pericarp.—An aquatic of the root lies in a horizontal position in the mud, emitting nu-
herb with the aspect of Hydrochàris, covered with a clammy ge-
merous fibres, these are eatable when dried and pounded, and
latinous substance. Roots fibrous, fixed in the mud.
1 H. PURPUREA (Mich. Al. bor.
are made into cakes by the inhabitants of various countries. The
amer. 1. p. 324. t. 29.) 4.H.W.
FIG. 34.
leaves are peltate or cordate, usually floating on the surface of
Native in tranquil lakes and pools
the water, involute before expansion. Peduncles rising from the
of water in Lower Carolina, also in
trunk of the root, axillary, or supra-axillary, constantly naked
Tennessee, New Jersey, and Upper
Canada. Brasènia peltàta, Pursh.
and 1-flowered. Flowers imbricate in the bud, large, white,
fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 389. Herb
yellow, blue and red, usually sweet-scented, resembling those of
floating. Leaves alternate, on long
Magnòlia, double Pæonys or Poppies, lying on the surface of
petioles, oval, peltate in the centre,
the water or raised a little above it, when they begin to decay the
very smooth, and quite entire, float-
peduncle becomes inflexed and sinks in the water, where the
ing on the surface of the water. Pe-
duncles axillary, 1-flowered. Flow-
capsules soon decay and relieve the carpels, which soon after
ers dull purple, closing and lying
vegetate. The seeds of the Lotos are pounded by the Egyptians
down on the surface of the water
and mixed among flour. The Cjamus or Pythagorean-bean of
at night, and expanding again in
antiquity is the produce of the Nolúmbium, a stately aquatic,
the morning There is another
which abounds in all the hotter countries of the East, where its
species found in New Holland.
(f. 34.).
roots are frequently used as an article of food. This very
Purple Hydropeltis. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1798.
Clt. 1798. Pl. flt. natural order, from the structure of its flower, is intermediate be-
Cult. This pretty little plant must be grown in a pond or a tween Ranunculàceæ, and Papaveráceæ, therefore joins the first
cistern of water, and it may be increased by offsets. The plant and second cohort of Thalamiflòre. The tribe Nelumbòneæ
being extremely difficult to preserve is seldom to be seen in the
gardens of Britain.
agrees in a certain degree with Pæònia Moután in the torus
being elevated into urceolus around the ovaries. The tribe
ORDER X. NYMPHIA'CEÆ (plants agreeing with Nym- Nymphaea agrees with Papàver in the structure of its fruit.
phæ'a in many important characters.) D. C. prop. med. ed. 2. p.
The order differs from Ranunculàceæ in the anthers being ad-
119. syst. 2. p. 39. prod. 1. p. 113.
2
nate inwardly, as well as in the seeds being always inverted. It
Calyx of 4-5-sepals . a.
is distinguished from Papaveràceæ in the fruit opening irregu-
(f. 36. a. b.), inserted in the recep- larly, as well as in the anthers being adnate, and the sepals per-
tacle (f. 36. b.), but not articulated with it. Petals and stamens
disposed in one or numerous series, the latter inserted a little
manent not deciduous. It also differs from Hydropeltideæ in the
higher up than the former, alternate with the sepals. Filaments
torus being elevated and surrounding the ovaries. The seeds
flattish, sometimes drawn out beyond the cells of the anthers;
retain their vegetative power a considerable time, those of the
anthers adnate linear, opening inwardly by two chinks (f. 36. e.).
Nelúmbium will vegetate after having been kept 30 years. This
among
order was formerly the cause of much difference botanists
Ovaries or carpels numerous, 8-24, sometimes half immersed in
the large honeycombed torus (f. 35. a.), each bearing a style (f.
as to its station in the natural classification, its structure being of
35. e.), sometimes inclosed within a large and pitcher-shaped
so doubtful a character as to leave room for disputing whether it
torus (f. 36.c.), membranous 1-2 or many-seeded. The styles belonged to Dicotyledònea or Monocotyledôneæ, but this has been
in those with the free carpels are distinct and crowned by simple clearly settled by M. De Candolle. See the structure of the
stigmas (f. 35. e.), in those with the inclosed carpels they are pel-
embryo.
tately-rayed above the urceolus (f. 36. d.) as in Papàver,
Synopsis of the Genera.
they are connate at the base, but free at the apex (f. 36. d.).
TRIBE I.
Seeds in the free carpels 2 or solitary (f. 35. 6.), in the inclosed
carpels innumerable, these last are fixed laterally to the parietes NELUMBO'NEÆ. (D. C. syst. 2. p. 43. prod. 1. p. 113.). Car-
.
of the carpels, inverted, ovate-globose, dotted, girded by a some- pels many, distinct, 1-2-seeded, each bearing a style (f. 35.e.),
a

NYMPHIACEÆ. I. NELUMBIUM.
123
.
half immersed in deep pits, in an elevated obconical torus Nelúmbo Indica, Pers. Flowers very beautiful, smelling of
(f. 35. a.).
anise, commonly rose-coloured, seldom white (f. 35.).
Var. B, Tamāra (Rheed. mal. 11. p. 59. t. 30.) outer stamens
(. t
1 NELU'MBIUM. Character the same as the tribe.
sterile, dilated at the top, winged, obcordate; appendage rising
TRIBE II.
from a notch at the apex. 4.S. W. Native of Malabar. Tamāra
is the name of this plant in Malabar.
NYMPHÆEÆ (D. C. syst. 2. p. 43. prod. 1. p. 114.). Car-
2
p
Trunk of the root horizontal, fleshy, white, sending out many
pels many-seeded, inclosed within the torus, with the stigmas fibres from the under surface. Petioles long, rising beyond
radiating upon
the
the surface of the water, scabrous with acute tubercles. Leaves
of the berry-formed fruit (f. 36. d.).
top
2 Eury'ale. Sepals petals and stamens adhering to the large, 1 or 2 feet in diameter, exactly peltate in the centre,
orbicular entire, glabrous, under surface palest, margins some-
torus, a great way up, and therefore the fruit appears half infe-
,
what waved. Peduncles longer than the petioles, erect, sca-
rior.
brous. Flowers large, emulating Pæònia and Papàver, white
8 BARCLA'YA. Sepals 5 distinct, absolutely hypogynous. or red. Fruit resembling an instrument once used in play
Corolla seated upon the top of the fruit, tubular above, corolla- by the French, by the very antique name Lotos. (D. C.). It
was known to the Greeks, and is said by Herodotus, Theo-
ceous, bearing the stamens on the inside of the tube, with the
phrastus, and others, to be a native of Egypt, but no modern
throat 8-10-lobed.
traveller has observed it in that country. There can, how-
4 NymphÆ'a. Sepals inserted at the base of the torus. Pe- ever, be no doubt of its having actually existed there, either
tals and stamens covering the torus, and adhering to it a naturally or cultivated, since the terms in which it is described
great way up, and therefore the fruit appears as if it were half- by those authors are too clear and decisive to be mistaken, and
their accounts are confirmed by ancient Egyptian sculptures and
inferior.
mosaics, which are still preserved, and testify that from the ear-
5 NU'PHAR. Sepals petals and stamens inserted at the base of liest times it, as well as the proper Lotos, has obtained a religious
the torus (f. 36. b.), and therefore the berry appears as if it were reverence. It is remarkable that neither Herodotus nor Theo-
superior.
phrastus, the most ancient writers by which it is described, have
Tribe I.
attributed any sacred character to it, but speak of it as only used
as food by the Egyptians. Both root and seeds are esculent, sapid
NELUMBO'NEÆ (a name applied to this tribe because it and wholesome. They are accounted cooling and strengthening,
contains Nelùmbium, which see.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 43. prod. and to be of service in extreme thirst, diarrhoea, tenesmus,
1. p. 113. Carpels many, distinct, and half immersed in the
pro-
vomiting, and too great internal heat. In China it is called Lien-
foundly honey-combed obconical, elevated torus (f. 35. a.), each wha, and the seeds, and slices of the hairy root, with the kernels
bearing a style (f. 35. e.), with a solitary seed in each carpel (f. of apricots and walnuts, and alternate layers of ice were fre-
35. b.), which is exarillate and destitute of albumen.
quently presented to the British Ambassador and his suite at
I. NELU’MBIUM (latinized from Nelumbo, the Cingalese breakfasts given by some of the principal Mandarins. The roots
name of N. speciòsum.) Juss. gen. 68. D. C. syst. 2. p. 43. are laid up by the Chinese in salt and vinegar for the winter.
prod. 1. p. 113.—Nelúmbo, Tour. inst. 261. Gært. fruct. 1. Sir George Staunton remarks that the leaf besides its common
uses, has, from its structure, growing entirely round the stalk,
Lin. Syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Character of the genus the advantage of defending the flower and fruit arising from its
the same as that of the tribe. Herbs emulating the habit of centre from contact with the water, which might injure them.
Nymphæa. Flowers large, shewy, white, red or yellow. Both He also remarks that the stem never fails to ascend in the water
leaves and flowers rising above the surface of the water.
from whatever depth, unless in a case of sudden inundation, until
1 N. SPECIO'sum (Willd. spec.
it attains the surface, when its leaf expands, rests upon it, and
2. p. 1258. Var. a et ß.) corolla
FIG. 35.
often rises above it. Many varieties of the plant are distin-
polypetalous; anthers drawn out
guished by the Chinese; one of them with pure-white flowers,
beyond the cells into a club-shaped
and another having about an hundred petals white or rose-co-
o7
appendage. 4. S. W. Native in
loured. From the root of the Nelumbo Sir George Staunton
slow running streams and tranquil
says the Egyptians are supposed to have prepared their Coloca-
waters in the warmer parts of Asia,
sia, but as the plant is no longer to be found wild in that country,
but formerly common in Egypt
from which circumstance some naturalists infer that it never was
(Herod. and Theop.), but now rare
indigenous there, but cultivated by the inhabitants with extreme
(Delile), in Persia (Pers.), in Mala-
The ancient Romans made repeated efforts to raise it
bar (Rheed.), in India (Burm.), in
among them from seeds brought out of Egypt. Dr. Patrick
Ceylon (Herm.), in Java (herb De-
Browne is of opinion that the ancients confounded two plants
less.), introduced into the Philippine
2014
under the name of Lotos or Egyptian-bean, and that under these
and Molucca islands (Rumph.),
titles they described the upper parts of the Nelúmbium and the
Nipaul (herb. Lamb.), Cochinchina
roots of Caladium Colocàsia, now commonly called Coccos in Ja-
and China (Lour.), about Siam
maica. Thunberg says that it is considered as a sacred plant in
(Kæmpf.), Japan (Thunb.). Sims,
Japan, and pleasing to their deities, and that the images of their
bot. mag. t. 903. Lam. ill. t. 453.
idols were often drawn sitting on its large leaves. Loureiro re-
Nymphæ'a Nelúmbo.
lates that it abounds in muddy marshes in India and China, and
Lin
spec. 730. Delil. fl. ægyp. descrip. p. 164. t. 61. Ne- is cultivated in large handsome pots in the gardens and houses of
lúmbo nucífera, Gært. fruct. 1. p. 73. t. 19. f. 2. Mirb. ann. the Mandarins. The Chinese have always held this plant in such
mus. 13. p. 465. t. 34. Nelúmbium Asiáticum, Rich. ann. mus.
.
high value, that at length they regarded it as sacred. The seeds
17. p. 249. t. 9. f. 49 to 57. Cýamus mysticus, Sal. ann. bot. 2. are somewhat of the size and form of an acorn, and of a taste
p. 75. Cyamus Nelúmbo, Smith, exot, bot. 1. p. 59. t. 31, 32.
, more delicate than that of almonds. The ponds in India and
-
p. 73. t. 19.
care.
Var. a.
a
R 2

124
NYMPHIACEÆ. I. NELUMBIUM. II. EURYALE. III. BARCLAYA. IV. NYMPHÆA.
)
ones.
a
China are literally covered with the plant, and exhibit a very roots, but are obtained more readily from seeds, which vegetate.
shewy appearance when it is in flower, and the flowess are no less freely (Swt. cult.). None of the species have flowered in this
fragrant than handsome. It is the Pythagorean bean of the country except the N. speciòsum ; they all require to be kept
ancients, and has been regarded from the most remote periods as in a very warm situation in a stove.
an emblem of fertility. Perhaps many species are confused under
N. speciòsum.
Tribe II.
Shewy Nelumbium or Pythagorean Bean. Fl. in the summer.
Clt. 1787. Pl. flt.
NYMPHÆ'EA. (D. C. syst. 2. p. 48. D. C. prod. p. 114.)
2 N. Ca’spicum (Fisch. in litt. D. C. l. c.) corolla polypeta- Carpels numerous, many-seeded, inclosed within the enlarged
lous; anthers drawn out beyond the cells into a club-shaped torus (f. 36.c.). Stigmas radiated on the top of the berry-formed
appendage ; inner petals blunt, scarcely smaller than the outer fruit (f. 36. d.). Seeds arillate, fixed to the sides of the carpels.
4. S. W. Native at the mouth of the river Volga near Albumen mealy.
Astracan at that part of the river called Tschulpan, growing II. EURYALE (Euryale, one of the Gorgons, alluding to
among reeds, Nymphæas and Trapas. This plant hardly differs the thorny menacing habit of the plant). Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 73.
from the preceding, unless that the petals are all obtuse, with D. C. syst. 2. p. 48. prod. 1. p. 114.
.
.
the inner scarcely smaller than the outer ones.
Lin. syst. Polyandria, Polygynia. Calyx of 4 sepals, in-
Caspian Nelumbium. Fl. summer. Clt. 1817. Pl. flt. serted in the torus and adhering to it. Petals 16-28, in 4-7
3 N. LUTEUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1259.) corolla polypetalous; series. Stamens numerous. Carpels 16-20. Fruit appearing
anthers drawn out beyond the cells into a linear appendage. half inferior from the sepals petals and stamens adhering half
4.F.W. Native of North America in lakes and ponds in way up. An elegant aquatic, covered all over with prickles.
Virginia, Carolina, Florida and Louisiana, also near Philadelphia in Leaves peltate, large, orbicular. Flowers blueish-purple or
the ditches and ponds of Brobston's meadows. Turp. ann. mus. violet, not so large as those of the commoner species of Nym-
7. p. 210. t. 11. f. 27. Nymphæ'a nelúmbo B, Lin. spec. 730. phæa.
Cyamus flavicómus, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 75. Cyamus lùteus, 1 E. Fe'rox (Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 73.) 2. S. W. Native
Nutt.
gen. amer. 2. p.
p 25.-Swert. floril. 2. t. 22. f. 4. Very of the East Indies in the lakes called Gumtoe and Gogra;
like N. speciòsum in habit as well as character, but the flowers also in China in the province of Kianang and Nipaul. An-
are smaller. Flowers yellow, resembling a double tulip. The nesléa spinosa, Andr. bot. rep. t. 618. Petioles and calyxes
seeds are very agreeable to eat, and eagerly sought after by hispid, with stiff prickles. Leaves large, scutate, about a foot
children and Indians. By the latter it is supposed they were in diameter. Carpels the size of a pea, inclosed within the torus.
introduced to those ponds near Philadelphia, as there is no other Trunk of root esculent.
instance known of their being found so far north. Walter men- Fierce Euryale. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1809. Pl. flt.
tions his Nelumbo to have white flowers, but this variety has not Cult. This singular aquatic plant requires to be always kept
been seen by any
other
person.
in water in a hot-bed or stove; it will seed freely if some pollen
Yellow Nelumbium. Fl. July. Clt. 1810. Pl. ft.
be shaken on the stigmas when it is in bloom, which is the only
method of increasing it.
+ Species not sufficiently known.
4 N. CODOPHY'LLUM (Raf. fi. lud. p. 22. no. 64.) leaves to- III. BARCLA'YA (in honour of Robert Barclay, F.L. S.
mentose underneath. 4. F. W. Native of lakes in Louisiana. of Bury Hill, Surrey, eminently distinguished for his love of
Napoleone, Rob. trav. louis. 1. p. 355. 2. p. 322. and 441. ex
.
.
plants, and who has introduced numerous new plants to England,
Rafinisque. Flowers yellow, larger than those of N. lüteum. more particularly from Mexico and the Mauritius). Wall. in
Petals numerous, unequal. Seeds eatable. Leaves 2 feet in Linn. trans. vol. 15. p. 442. t. 18.
. .
.
diameter, campanulate, entire, but look as if they were fringed
LIN. SYST.
Polyándria, Polygynia. Calyx of 5 distinct
on the margins. Scapes scabrous with acute tubercles.
sepals inserted beneath the ovary. Receptacle widened into a
Bell-leaved Nelumbium. Pl. fit.
globose ovary at the base, tubular and corollaceous at the
apex,
5 N. PENTAPEʼTALUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1259.) flowers pen- with the throat 8-10-lobed ; lobes unequal, connivent, disposed
tapetalous. 4. F. W. Native of North and South Carolina. in 2-3 series. Stamens numerous, nodding, fixed to the inside
Cyamus pentapétalus, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 398. Nym- of the tube of the torus, and inclosed within the same ; superior
phæ'a pentapétala, Walt. A. carol. 155. Flowers large, white. ones sterile and branched. Anthers naked. Styles numerous
Mr. Pursh saw a specimen of this doubtful plant in the posses- radiating and inserted in the bottom of the tube, connate at the
sion of a gentleman in Carolina, which ascertains its existence, base. Berry fleshy, globose, many-celled, many-seeded, sur-
,
but he unfortunately took no notes at the time, being in expect- rounded at the base by the permanent calyx and crowned by the
ation of seeing the living plant.
permanent corolla. Seeds globose, beset with fleshy bristles,
Five-petalled Nelumbium. Pl. flt.
albuminose, inverted. A floating aquatic with appearance of
6 N. JAMAICE'NSE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 47.) 4. S. W. Native Potamogeton. Leaves thin, elongated, oblong, rather narrowest
of Jamaica in ponds. Nymphæa with orbicular, rayed leaves, at the base, rather cordately-hastate and a little peltate at the
and obversely conical fruit, and large imbedded seeds. P. base, feather-nerved, shining, rusty beneath and tomentose.
Browne, jam. 343. no. 2. N. speciòsum 7, Willd.
Scape 1-flowered, about equal in length to the slender petioles.
1259. Nymphæ'a Nelúmbo, Lunan. hort. jam. 2. p. 272. Flowers erect, smooth, of a greenish-colour, scentless. This
Flowers rose-coloured.
genus differs from Euryale in the calyx being absolutely hy-
Jamaica Nelumbium. Fl.? Clt. 1823. Pl. flt.
pogynous.
Cult. The species of this beautiful aquatic genus should be 1 B. LONGIFOLIA (Wall. 1. c.) 4. W. S. Native of the
grown in cisterns, tubs, or large pots in a rich loamy soil; they East Indies in Pegu near Rangoon in stagnant water.
require a strong heat to flower in perfection. The cistern, pot, Long-leaved Barclaya. Fl. Aug. Pl. floating.
or tub should be kept full of water all the time the plants are Cult. For the cultivation see Euryale.
growing, but may be allowed to get dry when the flowering
season is over. The plants may be increased by dividing the IV. NYMPHÆ'A (vvuon, nymphe, a water nymph, in refer-
spec. 2.
2. P.

NYMPHIACEÆ. IV. NYMPHÆA.
125
LIN. SYST.
ence to the habitation of the plants). Neck. elem. no. 1828. Sect. II. Lòtos (the name Lotos is applied to this section
Tourn. Lin. & Juss. D. C. syst. 2. p. 49. prod. 1. p. 114.
because the plants it contains agree in character with the Egyp-
Polyándria, Polygynia. Calyx of 4 sepals, tian Lotos. N. Lotus.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 52. prod. 1. p. 115.
.
.
girding the base of the torus. Petals 16-28, adnate to the Anthers not drawn out at the top into an appendage. Flowers
torus, elevated about the ovary and covering the same, and white, rose-coloured, or red. Leaves peltate, rarely entire,
therefore at first sight appearing inserted in it. Stamens nu- usually deeply toothed, and usually pubescent on the under sur-
merous, disposed in many series, inserted in a similar way above face, not glabrous as the last section.
the petals. Shewy aquatic herbs. Trunk of root fleshy, hori- 7 N. EDU'LIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 52.) leaves peltate, broad-
zontal, emitting fibres below. Leaves large, cordate or peltate, oval, quite entire, under surface pubescent. 4. S. W. Native
,
floating. Flowers large, white, rose-red, and blue, never yellow. of the East Indies in fens. Castàlia edulis, Sal. ann. bot. 2.
The
genus
is called water-lily in English, from the plants grow- p. 73. N. Cotèka, Roxb. mss. with a figure in Banks' Libr.
ing in water, and the flowers having the appearance of a lily. N. esculenta, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 41. Roots esculent. Flowers
Sect. I. CYA'NÆA (from Kvavoc, kyanos, blue ; because the small, white, or red ?
flowers are blue or blueish). D. C. syst. 2. p. 49. prod. 1. Eatable-rooted Water Lily. Fl. in Botanic Garden Calcutta
p. 114. Anthers drawn out at top. Flowers blue or blueish. throughout the year, in England from June to Sept. Clt. ?
Leaves peltate, entire or bluntly sinuated.
Pl. flt.
1 N. ScutiFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 50.) leaves peltate, bluntly 8 N. RU'BRA (Roxb. ined. Sims bot. mag. t. 1280.) leaves
and sinuately toothed, not dotted, smooth on both surfaces, 2- peltate, sharply toothed, under surface pubescent, and not spot-
lobed at the base ; lobes incumbent; anthers appendiculated at ted. 4. S. W. Native of the East Indies. Andr. bot. rep.
the top ; stigmas 20-rayed. 4. S. W. Native of Cape of Good 503. Castàlia magnífica, Sal. parad. t. 14. Flowers deep red.
Hope in rivers. N. cærulea, Andr. bot. rep. t. 197. Sims, Petiole inserted very near the margin of the leaf. The seeds
bot. mag. t. 552. Castàlia scutifòlia, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 72. and roots are said to be eatable, and the flowers are said to be
This plant differs from the following in the flowers being of a held in superstitious veneration in Hindostan, which may arise
more intense blue, as well as in the sepals and petals being from its affinity with the Nelumbo, or sacred bean.
blunter. Leaves constantly sinuated.
Red-flowered Water Lily. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1803. Pl. fit.
Saucer-leaved Water Lily. Fl. June, Sept.
Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1792. 9 N. RÒSEA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 15.) leaves peltate, sharply
Pl. flt.
toothed, under surface pubescent, upper surface dark-green.
2 N. CÆRU'LEA (Savig. decad. ægypt. 3. p. 74.) leaves peltate, 4. S. W. Native of the East Indies. N. rubra var. B, rosea,
nearly entire, without dots, glabrous on both surfaces, 2-lobed Sims, bot. mag. t. 1364. D. C. syst. 2. p. 52. prod. 1. p. 115.
at the base ; lobes free ; anther appendiculated at the apex ; Flowers rose-coloured, not deep-red, as in the preceding species.
stigmas 16-rayed. 4. S. W. Native of Lower Egypt in rice Petiole inserted very near the margin of the leaf.
grounds and canals about Rosetta, Damietta, Kahira, &c. Savig. Rose-coloured-flowered Water Lily. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803.
ann. mus. paris 1. p. 366. t. 25. Vent. malm. t. 6. Herb amat. Pl. flt.
t. 338. N. stellàta, var. Sims, bot. mag. 2058. Flowers very 10 N. PUBE'SCENS (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1154.) leaves peltate,
p
fragrant. Root pear-shaped, blackish. That this species was sharply toothed, orbicularly-reniform, under surface velvety-
sacred amongst the ancient Egyptians is obvious from the re- pubescent and spotted ; lobes roundish. 4. S. W. Native of
presentations of it on their old monuments and in hieroglyphics. the East Indies, Malabar, Moluccas, Tranquebar, Ceylon, Java,
Blue Water Lily. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1812.
Clt. 1812. Pl. Alt. and about Bombay, and also on the western coast of Africa
3 N. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 50. prod. 1. p. at Waree and Acra, &c. in tranquil water. N. Lòtus,
114.) leaves peltate, bluntly-sinuated, not dotted, glabrous on Burm. ined. Beauv. fl. d'ow. et de ben. 2. p. 50. t. 88. Jones
both surfaces, 2-lobed at base ; lobes divaricate ; anthers appendi- asiat. reser. 3. p. 285. Castàlia sàcra, Sal. parad. no. 14. Cas-
culate at the apex; stigmas 8-10-rayed. 2. S. W. Native of
. 4. S. W. Native of tàlia pubéscens, Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1.
the island of Madagascar. Perhaps this is a variety of N. stel- p. 643. This plant is called the Lotos throughout India, and is
làta. Flowers blue.
one of the sacred plants of the Hindus. Flowers white; petals
Madagascar Water Lily. Pl. flt.
rather unequal, expanded throughout the day and closing at
4 N. STELLA'TA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1153.) leaves peltate, night, breathing a vinous pungent odour.
entire, not dotted, glabrous on both surfaces, 2-lobed at the base; Pubescent-leaved Water Lily. Fl. in its native country in the
lobes divaricate ; anthers appendiculate at the apex; stigmas dry season ; in England from June to Sep. Clt. 1803. Pl. fit.
8-12-rayed. 2.S. W. Native of Malabar in tranquil rivulets 11 N. LÒTUS (Lin. spec. 729. exclusive of the synonyms of
and lakes, also in Coromandel, Tranquebar, and Java. Andr. Browne and Sloane,) leaves peltate, sharply serrated, under sur-
bot. rep. t. 330. Citambel, Rheed. mal. 11. p. 53. t. 27. Cas- face pilose at the nerves, and pubescent between them. 4. S. W.
tàlia stellàta, Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnæa 1. Native of Egypt, in slow running streams, especially in the Nile
p. 643. Castàlia stellàris, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 72. N. Malaba- near Rosetta and Damietta, and in rice fields during the time
rica var. cærulea, Lam. dict. 2. p. 457. Flowers blue or blueish. they are under water, &c. Del. fl. ægyp. descr. p. 159. t. 60.
Starry Water Lily. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1803. Pl. At. f. 1. Hill. veg. syst. 16. p. 39. t. 39. Castàlia mýstica,
5 N. PULCHE'LLA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 51.) leaves peltate, nearly Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 73. Root tuberous, eatable. Flowers
entire, not dotted, glabrous on both surfaces, 2-lobed at the base; large, white; sepals red at the margins. This is the Lotos,
lobes blunt, somewhat diverging ; anthers appendiculated at the which was celebrated by the ancient Egyptians, sacred to
apex; stigmas 12-rayed. 2. S. W. Native of Guayaquil. Isis, and
Isis, and was sometimes engraven on their very ancient
Flowers white, one half smaller than those of N. álba. Petals coins. This is not to be confounded with the Lotos of the
8, oblong, acuminated, shorter than the calyx.
Lotophagi, which is Zizyphus Lotus (see Desf. in mem. acad.
Neat Water Lily, Fl. June, Sept. Pl. flt.
.
par. 1788. p. 443.) nor with the Lòtos of Homer and Dioscori-
6 N. cya'nea (Roxb. hort. beng. p.41.) 2. S. W. Native dis, which is evidently a species of Lotus or Trifolium, nor with
CYA'NEA .
of the East Indies. N. Cahlàra, Donn, cant. ed. 7. Leaves the Lòtos of Hippocrates, which is Céltis austràlis, nor with the
peltate. Flowers blue. A species scarcely known.
Italian Lotos, which is Diospyrus Lotus. The seeds dried and
Blue Indian Water Lily, Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1809. Pl. flt.
.
ground were made into a kind of bread by the ancient Egyptians,

126
NYMPHIACEÆ. IV. NYMPHÆA.
mate.
a
as well as the roots. The ancients record the sinking of the used in medicine, but are now become obsolete. It was reputed
flower under water at night. It is conceived that this flower by the ancients as an antiphrodisiac, and as a remedy in dysen-
became sacred to superstitious veneration in Egypt in conse- tery, and some other morbid discharges; to the latter purpose
quence of its resemblance to the true East Indian Lotos or Ne- its astringency might in some instances make it well suited.
lumbo; the latter, from its mode of vegetation, was adopted in the Var. B, minor (Besl. hort. eyst. vern. ord. VII. t. 3. f. 1.
most remote ages to serve as an emblem of fertility. It seems Weim. phyt. 3. p. 456. t. 761. f. c.) 4. H. W. Native of
therefore a sort of substitute or type, and strengthens the theory Alsace near Argentina ; in Baden near Linkenheim, and Moscow
of the mythology of Egypt having migrated thither from India. near Gorenki. Every part of this plant is smaller than in the
The Nelumbo was brought to Egypt, but has never perpetuated species.
itself there to any great extent.
Common White Water Lily. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. ft.
Egyptian Lotos. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1802. Pl. flt.
17 N. ODORA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 227. ed. 2.
2.
12 N. THERMA'LIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 54.) leaves peltate, vol. 3. p. 292.) leaves cordate, quite entire, with the nerves and
sharply-toothed, glabrous on both surfaces ; auricles approxi- veins on the under surface very prominent; stigmas 16-20-rayed;
2. S. W. Native of Croatia in the hot river called rays erect, inflexed at the top. 4. H. W. Native of North
Pecze, in water 19-28 degrees of Reaum. Therm. not far from America from Canada to Carolina ; about Philadelphia at Glo-
Varasdin. N. Lòtus, Wald. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 13. t. 15.? cester Point and in New Jersey ; abundant about Quebec; in deep
Sims, bot. mag. t. 792. Castàlia mýstica, Sal. parad. no. 14. ditches and slow running rivers. Sims, bot. mag. t. 819. Andr.
Flowers white, having a somewhat vinous odour.
bot. rep. t. 297. Bigel. amer. med. bot. t. 55. N. álba, Walt. A.
.
Hot-water Water Lily. Fl. in its native country from the end carol. 155. This plant is very like N. álba, and has by many
of April ; in England from June to Sept. Clt. 1802. Pl. flt. authors been confounded with it, but it is truly distinct. Flowers
13 N. AʼMPLA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 54.) leaves peltate, sharply- white, tinged with red, sweet-scented, expanding in the morning,
toothed, quite glabrous on both surfaces, with the nerves on the but closing after meridian. The roots of this plant are amongst
under surface very prominent. 4. S. W. Native of Jamaica, the strongest astringents of North America. When fresh, if
St. Domingo, Gulph of Mexico about Vera Cruz, Guiana, &c. in chewed in the mouth, they are extremely stiptic and bitter.
tranquil water. Castàlia ampla, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 73. par. no. Their decoction instantly strikes a jet black colour with sulphate
14. N. Lótus, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 533. Flowers white.
of iron, and yields a dense white precipitate to a solution of
Var. B, Rudgeàna (Meyer. prim. esseq. p. 198.) This plant gelatin. Tannin and gallic acid are to be considered its most
is distinguished from N. Lòtus by the leaves being minutely tu- characteristic ingredients. The roots of this plant are kept by
bercled on the upper surface. .
most of the apothecaries in North America, and are much used
Ample-leaved Water Lily. Fl. June, Sept. Clt.? Pl. flt. by the common people in the composition of poultices. They
14 N. VERSI'COLOR (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 41.) leaves peltate, are no doubt often injudiciously applied to suppurate tumors,
with the margin and between the recesses sinuately-toothed, full since their astringency must be rather a discutient than a promo-
of pustules, glabrous on both surfaces. 2. S. W. Native of tive of suppuration. They are occasionally used by physicians
Bengal in tranquil water. Sims, bot. mag. 1189. Flowers white, in cases where astringent applications are requisite, and answer a
changing to red, and several of the outer petals are green, and purpose somewhat analogous to that of lead poultices and alum
furrowed on the back with green lines. This plant is multiplied curds. The whole of the genus possess the same qualities.
by the tubers, which hang by a thread from the main root, which Sweet-scented Water Lily. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1786. Pl. flt.
.
are about the size of a nut, and fall off from the mother plant 18 N. MINOR (D. C. syst. 2. p. 58.) leaves cordate, quite en-
with the fading of the leaves.
tire, with the nerves and veins very prominent on the under sur-
Party-coloured Water Lily. Fl. in England from July to Sept. face; peduncles and petioles rather purplish and rather pilose;
in Bengal throughout the year. Clt. 1807. Pl. flt.
stigmas 16-20-rayed. 4. H. W. Native of North America
about New York and in Canada. N. odorata ß minor, Sims, bot.
Sect. III. CASTA'LIA (Castalia, a fountain in Asia in the sub- mag. t. 1652. ß, rosea, Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 368. Flowers
urbs of Daphne.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 55. prod. 1. p. 115. Anthers white, smaller than those of N. odorata, rose-coloured on the
not drawn out at the apex. Flowers white. Leaves cordate, outside.
not peltate, glabrous, quite entire.
Smaller-flowered Water Lily. Fl. July. Clt. 1812. Pl. Alt.
15 N. RENIFO'RMIS (Walt. fl. carol. 155.) leaves kidney- 19 N. NÍTIDA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1359.) leaves cordate, quite
shaped, stigmas 16-rayed. 4. G. W.
4. G. W. Native of Carolina. entire ; nerves not prominent on the under surface; petioles
Nelúmbium reniforme, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1260. Cyamus reni- smooth; petals blunt ; stigmas 12-20-rayed. 4. H. W. Na-
formis, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 398.-Deless, icon. sel. 2. t. tive of Siberia in lakes and in the river Lena, and in Dauria in
5. Flowers white, a little larger than those of N. álba ; anthers still water. N. odorata, Willd. hort. berl. t. 39. Like N.
yellow, as in the rest of this section.
odorata and N. álba. Root perpendicular. Flowers white,
Kidney-shaped-leaved Water Lily. F1. July. Clt. 1823. Pl. flt. scentless, a little smaller than those of the above named species.
16 N. A'LBA (Lin. spec. 729.) leaves cordate, quite entire; Stamens yellow.
stigmas 16-rayed ; rays ascending. 4.H. W. Native through- Shining-leaved Water Lily. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1809. Pl. flt.
out Europe in ditches, lakes, and rivers; plentiful in Britain. 20 N. PYGMÆ'a (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 293.) leaves
.
Smith engl. bot. 160. Fl. dan. 602. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 142, &c. cordate, quite entire ; nerves not prominent; petioles smooth;
Castàlia speciosa, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 72. Seeds horizontal or petals acute; stigmas 8-rayed. 2. H. W. Native of China
deflexed; obovate, red. According to Linnæus, the flowers of and eastern Siberia. Sims, bot. mag.
1525. Castàlia
Castàlia pygmæe'a,
this plant raise themselves out of the water, and expand about Sal. parad. t. 68. Flowers white, smelling like those of Polian-
7 o'clock in the morning, and close again, reposing upon the thus tuberòsus. A small plant.
A small plant. Torus greenish-yellow.
surface of the water, about 4 o'clock in the evening. The roots Pygmy Water Lily. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1805. Pl. flt.
have a bitter astringent taste; they are used in Ireland, in the 21 N. BLA'NDA (Meyer prim. fl. esseq. p. 201.) leaves cordate,
highlands of Scotland, and in the island' of Jura, &c. to dye a dark quite entire, with the nerves on the under surface channelled ;
brown or chesnut colour. Swine are said to eat it ; kine and petals 16, acuminated. 2. S. W. Native of Essequibo, in
horses to refuse it. The flower, herb, and roots were formerly stagnant and slow running water. N. glandulífera, Rodsch. obs.
-
a
a

NYMPHIACEÆ. V. NUPHAR. SARRACENIEÆ.
127
7
p. 76. Like N. odorata, but is easily distinguished from it by the cylindrical. 4. H. W. Native of North America throughout Ca-
nerves of the leaves being channelled. Flowers white.
nada and Carolina, and in Newfoundland, in ponds and ditches,
Bland Water Lily. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1820. Pl. flt. but rare ; about Philadelphia, near the Schuylkill
. Nymphæ'a
22 N. ACUTILOBA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 116.) leaves ovate, Kalmiàna, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1243. Nymphæ'a lùtea, Walt.
)
somewhat toothed; lobes very acute; petals 16, acute ; stigmas carol. 154 ? Nymphæ'a lùtea ß, Kalmiàna, Mich. i. bor. amer.
16-rayed. 4. S. W. Native of China.—Braam. icon. chin. t. 18. 1. p. 311. Nymphæ'a microphylla, Pers. ench. 2. p. 63.
Acute-lobed-leaved Water Lily. Pl. flt.
Kalm's yellow Water Lily. Fl.
FIG. 36.
Cult. The stove species, or those from warm climates, may July, Aug. Clt. 1807. Pl. flt.
be grown in large pots, or pans of water placed in a warm part 4 N. SERICEA (Langd. ex
b.
of the stove, with several inches of rich loamy soil in the bottom. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 606.) calyx 5-
They thrive well in a water-tight frame, placed on a hot-bed in sepalled ? stigmas toothed ; leaves
the summer season, where we have seen them flower freely. cordate-oblong; lobes distant at
The hardy species should be planted in ponds, cisterns, or canals, the base; peduncles and petioles
where they will make a fine appearance. They are all either in- have a scaly-silky appearance. 4.
creased by seeds, dividing the roots, or separating the tubes.
H. W. Native of the Danube.
Mr. Kent, formerly of Clapton, who cultivated exotic aquatics Silky yellow Water Lily. Fl.
to great perfection, found that the bulbous-rooted Nymphaeas, June, July.
June, July. Pl. flt.
if checked in their growth for want of water, from cold or ex- 5 N. JAPO'NICA (D. C. syst. 2.
cessive heat, were apt to form bulbs at their roots, and cease p. 69.) calyx of 5-sepals; stigma
growing for that season. Hence the necessity of a regular and 15-16-rayed ; leaves oblong-sagit-
powerful moist heat to make them flower freely.
tate, cordate ; auricles acute, rather
distant; petioles nearly cylindrical
V. NU'PHAR (from naufar, or nyloufar, the Arabic name
4. G. W. Native of Japan in
of Nymphæ'a.) Sibth. and Smith, prod. fl. græc. 1. p. 361. D. ponds.
ponds. Nymphæ'a lùtea, Thunb. fl. jap. 223. exclusive of the
C. syst. 2. p. 59. prod. 1. p. 116.
synonyms, Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 6. A plant between N. lùtea
Lin. Syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Calyx of 5-6 petal-like and N. sagittæfòlia. (f. 36.)
sepals (f. 36.a. b.). Petals 10-18, much smaller than the sepals
Japan yellow Water Lily. Fl. June, July. Pl. flt.
with their backs, melliferous. Stamens indefinite, which are,
6 N. SAGITTÆFÒLIA (Pursh. A. amer. sept. 2. p. 370.) calyx
as well as the sepals and petals, inserted at the base of the torus
of 6 sepals; petals none; anthers nearly sessile; leaves sagit-
(f. 36. b.), and therefore the berry appears as if it were superior. tately-cordate, oblong, obtuse. 4. H. W. Native of Carolina,
Stigmas 10-18, radiated (f. 36.d.). Carpels 10-18, inclosed within Georgia, and Savannah, in slow running water. Nymphæ'a sagit-
the torus. Elegant aquatic herbs. Rhizoma or trunk of root thick,
tæfòlia, Walt. fl. car. 154. Nymphæ'a longifolia, Mich. fl. bor.
horizontal. Petioles and peduncles smooth, rising a little above amer. 1. p. 312. Nuphar longifòlia, Smith, in Rees's cycl. no. 5.
the water. Flowers yellow.
Flowers small.
1 N. LUTEA (Smith, prod. fl. græc. 1. p. 361.) calyx of 5-
Arrow-leaved yellow Water Lily. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
sepals; stigmas entire, 16-20-rayed, profoundly umbilicated
Pl. flt.
leaves oval-cordate ; lobes approximate; petioles triquetrous,
7 N. A'DVENA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 295.) calyx of
with acute angles. 4. H. W. Native throughout the whole of 6 sepals; petals many, small, shorter, never exceeding the sta-
Europe and Siberia, in ditches, lakes, and slow running rivers ;
mens; pericarp furrowed ; leaves erect, cordate ; lobes divari-
also of North America between lat. 54° and 64° Nymphæ'a Carolina, in lakes, ponds, and ditches, even in salt-water ; very
cate. 2. H. W. Native of North America from Canada to
lùtea, Lin. spec. 729. Fl. dan. t. 603. Smith, engl. bot. t. 159.
Schrank. fl. mon. 1. t. 20 Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 142. Nymphos- plentiful about Philadelphia, and throughout Canada. Nym-
anthus vulgàris, Rich. ann. mus. 17. p. 230. t. 9. f. 51 and 52. phæ'a advena, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 226. Nymphæ'a
Sepals 5, very blunt. Petals much smaller, truncate, with their arifòlia, Sal. ann. bot. 2. p. 71. Leaves and flowers rising con-
.
backs melliferous. Flowers smelling like brandy. Linnæus says
siderably above the surface of the water.
that swine are fond of both the leaves and roots; that goats are not
Stranger yellow Water Lily. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1772. Pl. flt.
fond of them; and that kine, sheep, and horses refuse them, and
Cult. As the species of this genus are all hardy except one,
also that crickets are driven out of houses by the smoke in burn-
the N. Japónica, which has not as yet been introduced into
ing the roots; they and cock-roaches are destroyed by the roots Europe, they may be planted in ponds, cisterns, canals, or lakes,
rubbed or bruised with milk.
where they will make a beautiful appearance, a rich loamy soil
Common yellow Water Lily. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. flt. suits them best, and they are propagated either by dividing the
2 N. PU'MILA (Smith, engl. bot. t. 2292.) calyx of 5-sepals;
roots or by seeds, which may be thrown into the water, wherever
stigmas lobed 10-rayed ; leaves oblong-cordate, dotted, some-
they are intended to remain.
what pubescent; lobes approximate; petioles semi-cylindrical Cohort II. Fruit solitary or connate. Placentas parietal,
at the base, but triquetrous at the top. 4. H. W. Native of intervalvular. Calyx of 2-5 sepals. Petals 4-5, rarely more.
,
Germany, Lapland, and Norway, in slow running rivers, and Stamens numerous, but usually 5 or 6.
mountain lakes; also in the mountain lakes of Scotland, espe-
ORDER XI. SARRACE'NIEÆ (containing only the genus
cially in a lake at the foot of Ben Cruachan, Loch Lomond,
and several other lakes. Nymphæ'a pumila, Hoffm. fl. germ.
Sarracènia). De La Pylaie, in ann. de la soc. Lin. par. 6. p.
1800. p. 241. N. lùtea ß mínima, Willd. spec. pl. 2. p. 1151. 388. Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 33.
Nuphar mínima, Smith engl. bot. t. 2292. Plant one-half smaller
Calyx of 5 permanent sepals (f. 37. a.) which are concave at
than Nup. lùtea.
the base and furnished with a 3-leaved involucrum just under it.
Dwarf yellow Water Lily. Fl. June, July. Scotland. Pl. flt.
3 N. KALMIA'NA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 295.) Corolla of 5 petals which are contracted at the base, and unqui-
calyx 5-sepalled ; stigmas toothed, 8-10-rayed ; leaves cordate,
culate (f. 37. b.). Stamens numerous, hypogynous (f. 37. c.)
somewhat emersed; lobes somewhat approximate; petioles nearly closely packed together ; filaments shortish ; anthers fixed by
1
:
a

128
SARRACENIEÆ. I. SARRACENIA. PAPAVERACEÆ.
their back, oblong, 2-celled (f. 37. c.) opening upwards from the peduncles, purple. Leaves small, very handsomely marked with
base, hardly to the apex. Ovary 1, large, globose, with 5 lon- purple veins (f. 37.).
,
Red-flowered Side-saddle-flower. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1786. Pl. 1ft.
gitudinal furrows (f. 37. f.). Style columnar, crowned by a
3 S. FLA'VA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 310.) leaves straight,
broad, convex, leafy, 5-angled stigma (f. 37. d.). Capsule glo-
very long, funnel-shaped, with a spreading throat ; appendage
bose, crowned by the permanent style and stigma, 5-lobed, 5- erect, constricted at the base, with the sides in the lower part bent
celled, 5-valved, many-seeded (f. 37. f.), valves separating from backwards, and ending in an awl-shaped mucrone.
2. F. M.
the apex. Placentas 5, one in each cell closely covered with
Native of North America in open swamps from Virginia to Florida.
,
.
seeds, progressing from the central axis. Seeds small
, minutely Sims, bot, mag. 780. Andr. bot. rep. 381.—Catesb. car. 2. t.
. . .
tubercled (f. 37. g.). Embryo cylindrical, cleft at one extre-
tallest growing species ; the leaves are often 2 feet long.
mity into 2 cotyledons, placed at the base of a copious waxy- Yellow-flowered Side-saddle-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt.
granular albumen, with the radicle pointing towards the hilum: 1752. Pl. 2 feet.
The seeds are keeled on their under side, inserted by their nar-
4 S. VARIOLA'RIS (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 310.) leaves
rowest point upon a large club-shaped, stipitate receptacle, elongated, their tube spotted on the back, ending in a short
arched appendage. 4. F. M. Native of North America in
which stands out from the central column or axis into the middle
open swamps on a sandy soil from North Carolina to Florida.
of each cell. The valves of the capsule open from above be- Sims, bot. mag. 1710. S. adúnca, Smith exot. bot. 1. t. 53.
tween the cells, whose dissepiments are attached to the centre of S. mìnor, Walt
. car. 153. Flowers yellow. The transparent
each valve, and separate from the central axis of the column. spots on the back of the leaf distinguish this species readily
Well known singular plants, inhabitants of the
from the preceding, with which it has often been confounded.
of North
swamps
Chequered Side-saddle-flower. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1803. Pl. 1 ft.
America, remarkable for the singular form of their leaves,
Cult. These singular and handsome plants are very desirable
which are tubular and hold water, and some species have lids objects in the collections of the admirers of nature. They are
or covers, which it is alleged shrink and close over the mouth, so all inhabitants of the swamps of North America, but will not
as to prevent the exhalation of the water. In dry weather birds
stand in the open air in Britain. They should be kept in pots
resort to them for drink. Scapes always 1-flowered. Flowers
filled with turfy peat at the bottom, and the upper part with
Spágnum or water-moss in which the plants must be set and
large, nodding, greenish-yellow or dark purple. This order
then placed in pans of water ; they succeed best in frames in a
differs chiefly from Papaveràcea and Nymphiàceæ in having shady situation or in a stove. They also succeed very well if
a broad, peltate, leafy stigma, but it is still nearer to the former set in Spagnum in a frame without pots, but they always will re-
than the latter in the capsules being furnished with intervalvular
quire to be kept rather moist and well shaded. In this last
placentas.
way the sashes require to be almost always kept shut. There
is no way known by which they can be increased in this country
I. SARRACENIA (so named by Tournefort in honour of
but by dividing the plants at the root. Most of the plants in the
Dr. Sarrazin, a French physician of rank residing at Quebec, gardens have been imported from North America.
who sent this genus to him from Canada). Tourn. Lin. gen. ORDER XII. PAPAVERA'CEÆ (plants agreeing with Pa-
no. 885.
pàver in many important characters.) Juss. gen. 236. excluding
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Character the same as
Fumariàceæ. D. C. syst. 2. p. 67. prod. 1. p. 117. Rhæàdeæ,
the order. The genus is called
in English Side-saddle-flower,
from the resemblance of the style and stigma to a woman's
Lin. ord. nat. ed. Gisel. 383.
pillion.
Calyx of 2 deciduous sepals, inclosing the young flower (f. 38.
1 S. PURPU'RE A (Lin. spec. 728.) leaves short, constricted at top, a.), or calyptrate (f. 41. f.). Petals usually 4 (f. 38. 6. f. 39. a.
with the tube inflated and gibbous, and the lid or wing or helmet-
f. 41. a.), free, rarely wanting, usually regular ; irregularly plaited
like appendage, erect, broad-cordate, and sometimes emarginate.
2. F. M. Native of North America in swampy places about Que-
before evolution. Stamens indefinite (f. 39. b. f. 40. c.), seldom
bec, Lake Huron, and probably common throughout Canada, and
definite, disposed in one or many series ; filaments filiform; an-
as far north as Bear Lake and as far south as Carolina. Sims, bot. thers 2-celled, inserted by their base, opening by 2-furrows.
mag. 849. Mill. fig. 2. 241.–Cat.
Ovary 1 (f. 38. d.) free, oblong, constantly of 2 or many carpels,
car. 2.t.70. Flowers dark purple.
FIG. 37.
clasped by a membranous production of the Thalamus (f. 38. e.).
Seeds reddish.
Purple-flowered Side-saddle-
Style short or wanting. Stigmas-2-4 (f. 41. c.) 6, or numerous
.
flower. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1646.
(f. 38. c.), usually stellately disposed on the top of the ovary
Pl. 1 foot.
(f. 38. c.). Capsules the same as the ovaries (f. 38. d. f. 39. c.
2 S. RU'BRA (Walt. fl. car. 152.)
f. 41. d.), with 2 (f. 39. c. f. 41. e.) or numerous, intervalvular,
leaves short, coloured upwards
with netted veins ; tube ending
placentas, bearing seeds on both sides (f. 38. e.), adhering to the
gradually in a somewhat arch-
sides of the valves; but in the 2-valved silique-formed capsules,
ed, long, pointed appendage (f.
the seeds are born on the margins (f. 39. c. f. 41. e.), sometimes
37. i.) 2. F. M. Native of
b.
h
opening at the base, sometimes at the top, each cell or carpel
North America in the swamps of
usually ending in a permanent style or stigma. Seeds numerous
Georgia and Florida. Hook. exot.
C
A. 13. S. psittacina, Mich. A. bor.
(f. 38. e. f. 39. c.), rarely solitary from abortion, inserted in the
amer. 1. p. 311. Pursh, fl. amer.
intervalvular placentas, unless in silique-formed capsules ; nearly
.
sept. 2. p. 368.-Pluk amalth. t.
globose, destitute of aril except Boccònia. Embryo small,
152. f. 3.? Flowers on very long
placed in the base of a fleshy oily albumen ; cotyledous ovate-
a
e

PAPAVERACEÆ. I. PAPAVER.
129
-
oblong, flat on one side, and convex on the other. - Annual, 10 RÖME'Ria. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Stigma 1. Cap-
perennial, or suffruticose herbs, yielding white, yellow, copper- sules elongated, 3-4-valved, 1-celled.
coloured or blood-like juice. Roots fibrous. Leaves alternate, 11 GLAU'CIUM. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Stigma bila-
simple, sessile or stalked, usually dilated at the base, and half- mellate. Capsules elongated, 2-valved, and 2-celled from the cel-
stem-clasping, feather-nerved, generally pinnate-lobed, never truly lular dissepiment. Seed without a glandular crest.
entire, often glaucous. Peduncles axillary and terminal, 1- 12 CHELIDONIUM. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Capsules
flowered, naked, inflexed before the expansion of the flower, elongated, 2-valved, 1-celled. Stigma 2-lobed. Seeds fur-
usually solitary, distant, sometimes approximating in a panicle. nished with a glandular crest.
Flowers very fugacious, usually large, white, yellow, red, or 13 Hype'cOUM. Petals 4, inner ones usually 3-lobed. Sta-
purple, but never truly blue. This order is intermediate between mens 4. Stigmas 2. Capsules elongated, 2-valved, knotted or
Nymphiàceæ and Ranunculàceæ, but differs from both in having jointed transversely.
intervalvular placentas. Sanguinària comes near to Podophyl-
làcea. Chelidònium and Hypécoum to Fumariàceæ and Cru- I. PAPA'VER (from papa, pap, or thick milk; or pappo,
cífere, but from all these orders they are easily distinguished to eat of pap. The juice of the poppy was formerly used in
.
by the above characters.
children's food to make them sleep, and in some parts of Hol-
land they still use the seeds to produce the same effect. From
The plants of this order are better known for their medicinal
papa the Latins changed the name of it to Papaver, the Anglo-
qualities than for their beauty. Sanguinària is a neat little
Saxons to Papig, the English to Poppy, and the French to
plant, well known for its crimson juice, and the emetic, purga- Pavot.) Tourn. inst. 237. t. 119. Lin. gen. no. 648. Schreb.
tive and anthelmintic powers of its roots.
. The peculiar narcotic gen. 881. Gært. fruct. 1. p. 289. t. 60. Juss. gen. 236. Lam. ill.
t. 51.
power of the poppy is well known, a property which pervades
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Sepals 2, convex, deci-
the whole order, although in a less intense degree in all than in
duous (f. 38. a.). Petals 4 (f. 38. b.). Stamens indefinite.
Papàver somniferum, from which, exclusively, the drug opium is
Style none. Stigmas 4-20, radiating, sessile, crowning the disk
obtained. The Mexicans use the expressed seed of Argemòne at the top of the ovary (f. 38. c.). Capsules obovate. (f. 38.
(
Mexicàna for polishing furniture. The seeds of the plants of d.), 1-celled, constantly with 4 to 20, carpels inclosed in
this order are easily introduced in a living state from any part
a membranous production of the thalamus (f. 38. e.), opening
by short valves under the crown or the stigmas. Placentas
of the world, as they retain their vegetative power a consider-
drawn out on the inside into incomplete dissepiments, one in the
able time.
centre of each valve. Seeds reniform. Perennial or annual herbs,
usually pilose, and a white juice flows from them in every part
Synopsis of the Genera.
when cut. Leaves pinnately lobed or cut; lobes generally cut,
and their teeth are usually terminated by a hair. Peduncles
1 Papa'ver. Petals 4 (f. 38. b.). Stamens indefinite. Style axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, naked, inflexed before the expan-
wanting. Stigmas 4-20, radiating, sessile, connected, crowning
sion of the flower Flowers erect, white, red, yellow or varie-
gated.
the top of the ovarium (f. 38.c.). Capsules obovate (f. 38. d.).
2 ARGEMO`NE. Petals 4-6. Stamens indefinite. Style al-
§ 1. Capsules hispid. Scapes radical.
most wanting. Stigmas 4-5, radiating, concave, free. Capsule 1 P. NUDICAU'LE (Lin. spec. 725.) capsules hispid, obovate-
obovate, prickly, 4-5-valved.
oblong ; sepals beset with bristles; peduncles radical, very long ;
3 MECONO'Psis. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Style short.
leaves pinnately-lobed ; lobes toothed or cut, acute. 4. H.
Native of Eastern Siberia, in the province of Argunskoi ; in the
Stigmas 5-6, radiating, convex, free. Capsule obovate, smooth,
Altaian Alps, and in Dauria at the rivers Jngoda and Schilka;
5-6-valved.
also in barren grounds of North America, from lat. 64º to lat.
4 STYLO'PHORUM. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite. Style long. 69º. every where upon the shores throughout the whole breadth
Stigma 4-lobed. Capsules obovate, echinated, 4-valved. of the continent and in the islands. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1633.-
5 HUNNEMA'NIA. Petals 4 (f. 39. a.). Stamens indefinite.
Dill. hort. elth. 302. t. 224. f. 291. Petals yellow, rarely white.
Stigmas 6-12.
Stigma peltate, 4-furrowed, slightly 4-lobed. Capsules silique-
Var. B, glabràtum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 70. prod. 1. p. 118.)
formed, rather compressed, 10-ribbed, 1-celled, 2-valved (f. 4. H. Native of Eastern Siberia. Leaves and scapes nearly
39. c.).
smooth.
6 SANGUINARIA. Petals 8-12.
Petals 8-12. Stamens 24. Stigmas 2.
Var. y radicàtum (D. C. 1. c.) 4. H. P. nudicaúle, Oed.
Capsule oblong, 2-valved.
fl. dan. t. 41. P. radicatum, Rottb. ex Horn. in litt. Native
7 Bocco'NIA. Petals wanting. Stamens 8-24. Stigmas 2.
of Norway, rare; Greenland, and Unalaschka. A small very
hairy plant, with a distinct habit, but without character.
Capsules elliptical, 1-seeded. Seed inwrapped in soft pulp.
Naked-stemmed Poppy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1730. Pl. 3 ft.
8 MACLE'AYA. Petals wanting. Stamens 8-24 (f. 40. c. b.). 2 P. RUBRO-AURANTI ACUM (Fisch. in litt. bot. mag. t. 2344.)
Capsules many-seeded. Seeds inwrapped in soft pulp.
capsules hispid, obovate-oblong; sepals bristly; peduncles radi-
9 EschschO'LZIA. Petals 4 (f. 41. a.). Stamens indefinite. cal, very long, covered with appressed hairs; leaves pinnately
Stigmas 4, 2 short and 2 long (f. 41. c.). Capsules elongated, tive of Dauria. 'P. nudicaúle 8, rubro-aurantìacum, D.C. l. c.
lobed ; lobes cut, lobules terminated by a bristle. 4. H. Na-
silique-formed (f. 41. d.), 2-valved (f. 41. e.), 1-celled. Calyx
Red-orange-flowered Poppy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. } ft.
calyptrate (f. 41. f.). Receptacle expanded (f. 41. b.).
3 P. MICROCA'RPUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 71.) capsules hispid,
S
VOL. I. PART II.

130
PAPAVERACEÆ. I. PAPAVER.
a
obovate-globose ; sepals pilose ; peduncles radical ; leaves pin- between P. Argemòne and P. Rhoe'as. Flowers varying from in-
nately-lobed ; lobes cut or toothed, acutish. 2. H. Native of tense scarlet to a pale red and even white, furnished with a
Kamschatka. A species between P. nudicaúle and P. Pyrenài- blackish or self-coloured claw.
cum, but distinguished from them in the capsules being small Doubtful Corn Poppy. Fl. Ju. Jul, Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
obovate-globose. Flowers small, of a copper-colour. Stigmas 4. 9 P. OBTUSIFO'LIUM (Desf. atl. 1. p. 407.) capsules smooth,
Small-capsuled Poppy. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt
. 1822. Pl. 7 to 1 ft. obovate; sepals pilose; stem few-flowered, somewhat hispid
I
4 P. PYRENA'ICUM (Willd. enum. 563.) capsules hispid, ob- with spreading bristles ; leaves bipinnate-parted; lobules ovate.
ovate; sepals bristly; peduncles radical ; leaves pilose, pinnate- O.H. Native of the North of Africa near Belida. Like P.
ly-lobed ; lobes cut or toothed, bluntish. 4. H. Native of the dùbium, but the capsules are one half shorter. Flowers rose-
south of Europe, on calcareous mountains, among rocks and coloured, about the size of those of P. Argemòne. Stigmas 8-10.
stones in sunny places, Pyrenees, Mount Baldo, Italy, Cevennes. Blunt-leaved Corn Poppy. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1828. Pl. 1 ft.
Stigmas usually 4.
10, P. Ruĝas (Lin. spec. 726.) capsules smooth, obovate;
Var. a, lüteum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 71.) 4. H. Argemòne sepals pilose ; stem many-flowered, scabrous with spreading
)
Pyrenaica, Lin. spec. 728. P. aurantiacum, Lois. not. 84. P. bristles; leaves pinnate-parted; lobes elongated, deeply-toothed,
suaveolens, Lapeyr. suppl. 72.-Barrl. icon. t. 764. P. alpì. acute. O. H. Native throughout Europe, North of Africa,
num, Gouan. hort. 253. Vill. daup. and All. ped. Lapeyr, pyr. and Asia ; very common and a great pest in corn fields, imported
abr. 296. Flowers yellow or citron-coloured, sweet-scented. with wheat. Smith, eng. bot. t. 645. Curt. fl. lond. 3. t. 32.
Var. B, puníceum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 72.) 4. H. P. Pyre- Woodv. med. bot. 512. t. 186.
Woodv. med. bot. 512. t. 186. Flowers varying from scarlet
nàicum, Wiſld. enum. 563. P. alpinum , Lapeyr. abr. 296. to flesh-coloured and white, with or without a spot at the base,
Native of the Pyrenees at a place called Port-de-Plan. Flowers and scarlet with white margins, and white with scarlet mar-
scarlet, with a yellow spot at the base of each petal.
gins, double, and semi-double. Being a very common weed
Pyrenean Poppy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? Pl. 4 to 1 foot. it has many provincial names in English, besides its more
5 P. ALPI'NUM (Lin. spec. 725.) capsules hispid, obovate- classical ones of Corn Poppy, Red and Scarlet Poppy, Corn
oblong; sepals rather pilose ; peduncles radical ; leaves smooth- Rose, Cop Rose, Cup Rose, Canker or Canker Rose, Red-
ish, bipinnate, with fine acutish lobules. 2. H. Native of the weed, Head-wark, &c. The petals of this plant give a fine
higher Alps in sunny places, among rocks and stones in Austria. red colour when infused, and are supposed to possess slightly
Carinthia, Carniola and Switzerland, &c. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 83. anodyne qualities. The young plants are admitted among
Sweet, fl. gard. t. 247. P. Bursèri, Crantz. austr. 2. p. 132. t. 6. esculents in Occitania, and the juice of the capsules as a succe-
f. 4. Petals white, nearly orbicular, each furnished with a greenish- daneum for opium. An extract from them has been success-
brown claw. Stigmas 5-6.
fully employed as a sedative; and some foreign practitioners
Alpine Poppy. Fl. Ju. to Aug. Clt. 1759. Pl. 1 to ] foot. even prefer this extract to opium. The flowers and tops are
enumerated among the narcotics. Polas signifies a wild poppy.
.
§ 2. Capsules hispid. Stem leafy.
Rhoeas or Common Corn Poppy. Fl. June, July. Britain.
Pl. 1 foot.
6 P. HY'BRIDUM (Lin. spec. 725.) capsules hispid, obovate-
globose, torose ; sepals pilose; stem leafy, many-flowered ;
11 P. TRI'LOBUM (Spreng. fl. hal. suppl. D. C. prod. 1. p.
leaves pinnate ; lobes multifid, linear. O.H. Native through-
119.) capsules smooth, roundish; sepals pilose; stem many-
out Europe, a pest in cultivated fields. Smith, engl. bot. t. 43.
flowered, smooth; leaves cuneated at the base, 3-lobed at the
P. hispidum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 147. Flowers small, scarlet, each
top. O. H. Native of Halle in corn-fields. Like P. Rhoe'as,
petal with a dark claw. Stigmas 5-8.
but will be found to be sufficiently distinct by comparing the
Hybrid Corn Poppy. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. 1 foot.
characters. Flowers small, red. Stigmas 6-7.
7 P. ARGEMO'NE (Lin. spec. 725.) capsules hispid, club-
Three-lobed-leaved Corn Poppy. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1827. Pl. 1 ft.
shaped, elongated ; sepals smoothish ; stem leafy, many-flowered;
12 P. LÆVIGA'TUM (Bieb. suppl. p. 364.) capsules smooth,
leaves bipinnate ; lobes linear. O. H. Native throughout leaves profoundly pinnatifid ; lobes entire, linear, acute. 9. H.
obovate ; sepals smooth; stem 1 or few-flowered, nearly smooth;
Europe in sandy places and cultivated fields. Smith, engl. bot.
t. 643. Oed. A. dan. t. 867. Curt. f. lond. 5. t. 38. Schkuhr.
Native on hills about Odessa, and of Caucasus. P. glabéllum,
handb. 2. p. 69. t. 140. P. clavigerum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 175.
Steven, ined. Flowers small, red, size of those of P. dùbium.
.
Petals pale scarlet, with a black spot at the base of each. Stigmas Stigmas 6-7,
.
4-6.
Smooth Corn Poppy. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot.
Var. B, uniflora ; stem 1-flowered. P. marítima, With. brit.
13 P. Rou'BIÆI (Vig. diss. 39. no. 4. t. 1. f. 1. good) cap-
486.
sules smooth, roundish; sepals pilose ; stem many-flowered,
Argemone-like Corn Poppy. Fl. May, July. Britain. Pl. 1 f. pilose ; leaves bipinnate-parted, villous ; lobes linear, terminated
by a hair.
O. H. Native of sandy places near Montpelier.
$ 3. Capsules smooth (f. 38. d.), or at the top alone a little
Like P. Rhoe'as, but distinct from the leaves being bipinnate-
pilose.
parted, and a truly distinct habit. Plant scarcely foot high.
1 / 4
Flowers like those of P. Rhoe'as, but of a paler red. Stigmas 7-8.
8 P. DU'BIUM (Lin. spec. 726.) capsules smooth, obovate; Roubieu's Corn Poppy. Fl. Ju. Jul. Člt. 1823. P. 1 ft.
sepals pilose ; stem many-flowered, hispid with spreading bris- 14 P: ARENA'RIUM (Bieb. suppl. p. 364.) capsules oblong,
tles; bristles on the peduncles appressed ; leaves pinnate-parted; smooth, or with very few bristles ; sepals hispid ; leaves bipin-
lobes deeply-toothed. 0. H. Native of sandy and cultivated natifid; segments linear; stem many-flowered, covered with
fields throughout the whole of Europe. Smith, engl. bot. t. 644. spreading bristles, those on the peduncles appressed, all caducous.
Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 69. t. 140. Oed. fl. dan. 902. Schrank. O. H. Native of Caucasus in sandy fields at the river Terek.
fl. mon. 3. t. 229. P. parviflòrum, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 173. Flowers Corolla red, with a dark bottom.
small, deep-scarlet. Stigmas 4-6.
Var. B. flore-albo (Balb. fl. taur. 85. P. dùbium, Jacq. fl.
Sand Corn Poppy. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1828. Pl. 1 foot.
15 P. FLORIBU'NDUM (Desf. choix. cor. 62. t. 46.) capsules
austr. 1. 17. t. 25.) Native of Tauria and Austria. Flowers smooth, oblong ; sepals pilose; stem many-flowered, hispid;
white, with the claws of the same colour or darker. A species leaves rather pilose, lower ones pinnate-parted, upper ones pin-
a
a
a
a
p.
1
1

PAPAVERACEÆ. I. PAPAVER.
131
d-
3
a
a
natifid ; lobes cut, lobules each terminated by a bristle. 0. H. intense orange colour, with a white mark at the bottom of each
Native of Armenia. Ker. bot. reg. t. 134. P. virgàtum, Smith, petal. Stigmas 6-8.
in Rees' cycl. no. 9. Plant glaucous and hispid with spreading, Pilose Poppy. Fl. July. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
stiff, bristle-like, yellowish hairs, branching. A splendid branch- 21 P. SETI'GERUM (D. C. f. fr. 5. p. 585.) capsules smooth,
ing species, with numerous red flowers. Stigmas 5-6.
obovate; sepals rather setose; stem smooth, few-flowered ;
Abundant-flowered Poppy. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1815. Pl. 1 ft. leaves stem-clasping, glaucous, inciso-repand, each tooth termi-
16 P. HO'RRIDUM (D. C. syst.
FIG. 38.
nated by a bristle. O. H. Native of the Stoechades Islands.
2. p. 79.) capsules smooth, elliptic;
Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 7. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 172. Perhaps this is
sepals hispid; stem few-flowered,
only the wild plant of P. somniferum, var. nigrum, which it very
hispid with stiff bristles ; leaves
much resembles. Flowers of a violet colour or whitish. Stig-
somewhat stem-clasping, glaucous,
mas 6-8-rayed.
sinuately pinnatifid; lobules bristly,
Bristle-bearing Poppy. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
at the top of the nerves.
O. H.
22 P. SOMNIFERUM (Lin. spec. 736.) capsules obovate or
Native of New Holland. Deless.
globose, and are as well as the calyx smooth; stem smooth,
icon. sel. 2. t. 6. Sweet, fl. gard.
glaucous ; leaves stem-clasping, repand-toothed ; teeth bluntish.
t. 173. Like P. setigerum. Flower
O. H. Native of the Morea, Egypt, Asia, Europe from Por-
of a brick-colour. The whole plant
tugal to Petersburgh, in fields, Japan, Mauritius, &c. &c. Lam.
is covered with bristles except the
ill. t. 451. Smith, fl. græc. t. 491.
capsules. Stigma 8-rayed.
Var. a, nigrum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 82. prod. 1. p. 120.) cap-
Horrid or New Holland Poppy.
sules globose opening by holes under the stigmas; seeds black;
Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1825. Pl. 1 ft.
peduncles many. Bull. herb. t. 57. Petals usually purple,
17 P. GARIEPI'NUM (Burch, cat.
sometimes white, and therefore it is perhaps referable to the
geogr. pl. afri. austr. no. 1633.)
oleiferous plant called Eilette. The seed of this variety is
capsules smooth, obovate-oblong; sepals bristly; stem many- commonly called Maw-seed.
flowered, rough, with innumerable bristles ; leaves sessile, hispid, Var.B, álbum (D. C. 1.c.) capsules ovate-globose, not opening
sinuately-pinnatifid ; lobes distant, ovate. O. H. Native of by holes under the stigmas ; peduncles solitary; seeds and
South Africa at the river Gariep or Orange-river
. Like P. hór- petals white. Woodv. med. bot. t. 185. Smith, engl
. bot. 2145.
.
ridum. Petals of a scarlet-orange colour. Stigmas 8-rayed. А
very variable plant about 3 or 4 feet high, very common in
River Gariep Poppy. Fl. Jul. Aug. Pl. 3-4 feet.
fields and gardens. The flowers are either single, semi-double
18 P. ORIENTA'LE (Lin. spec. 727.) capsules smooth, some- or double, in variety ß, white or red, with petals sometimes
what globose; sepals pilose; stem 1-flowered, scabrous, and fringed, in variety a, purple, rose, or lilac, variegated and edged
leafy ; leaves pinnate-parted, hispid ; lobes oblong, serrated. with the same colours, never blue nor yellow, nor mixed with
4. H. Native of Armenia about Erzerum. Curt. bot. mag. t. these colours, generally with a black or purple mark at the bottom
57. P. grandiflorum, Monch. meth. 247. P. spectábile, Sal. of each petal. Petals either entire, toothed, or fringed. Seeds
prod. 377. This beautiful plant is very frequent in gardens, black in the plants with purple flowers, white in those with white
where it is a great ornament. Flowers large, one on each stem, flowers, but the plant which grows spontaneous about Peters-
of an intense scarlet or blood-colour, usually furnished with a burgh has white flowers and black seeds. From the white-
dark-purple mark at the bottom of each petal. A double seeded variety, and probably from both, opium is obtained from
flowering variety is sometimes seen in the gardens. Calyx ge- the heads by incision and sometimes by expression. There is
nerally of 3 sepals as in Argemòne, not as in the rest of Papàver, also an esculent oil obtained from the seeds of both varieties by
of 2 sepals. Stigmas usually 12, violet. The green heads of expression. According to Linnæus a capsule of Papàver som-
this plant are eaten by the Turks, although they possess an un- niferum contained 32,000 seeds.
pleasant, acrid, and somewhat stinging taste. This may probably Papàver Somniferum is originally a native of the warmer parts
be the species that yields the Turkey opium?
of Asia, but is sometimes found apparently wild in Britain. It is
Oriental Poppy. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1714. Pl. 2-3 feet. often cultivated in gardens for the variety and beauty of its
19 P. BRACTEA'TUM (Lindl. coll. t. 23.) flowers furnished blossoms as well as for its seeds. Many attempts have been
with bracteas, 4-5 petalled ; capsules smooth, obovate; sepals made in this country to obtain opium from its capsules, and
pilose ; stem simple, 1-flowered, scabrous and leafy ; leaves and Mr. Ball obtained a premium from the Society of Arts for spe-
bracteas pinnate-parted, hispid; lobes oblong, serrated. 4. H. cimens of British opium, in no respect inferior to the best eastern
Native of Caucasus near Mount Beschtau, and on the sides opium. Mr. Young, a respectable surgeon in Edinburgh, has
of mountains. Very like P. orientàle, but truly distinct, from also obtained it of excellent quality and in considerable quantity.
the hairs of the calyx and peduncles being appressed, not spread- But we apprehend the climate, besides the destruction by insects,
ing, also from its flowering a little earlier. Ker. bot.
Ker. bot. reg. t. 658. is an insuperable obstacle to its becoming a profitable branch of
P. pulcherrimum, Fisch. in litt. Sepals usually 3, as in P.
horticulture in Britain.
It was very early cultivated in Greece,
orientale. This is the most splendid of all the poppies, and is perhaps at first solely for the sake of its seed, which was used as
one of the greatest ornaments of borders when in flower Flowers food. It is extensively cultivated in most of the states of Europe
large, scarlet, one on the top of each stem, usually with a dark in the present age, not
only on account of the opium, for which it
mark at the bottom of each petal ; stigmas 12-16, violet. is reared in Turkey, Persia, and India, but also on account of
Bracteate-flowered Poppy. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. Pl. the capsules and of the bland oil obtained from the seeds. All
3 to 5 feet.
the parts of the poppy abound in a narcotic milky juice, which
20 P. Pilo'sum (Smith, fl. græc. t. 492.) capsules smooth, is partially extracted, together with a considerable quantity of
obovate; sepals pilose ; stem many-flowered, hairy, with spread- mucilage by decoction. The liquor is strongly pressed out,
ing pili; leaves stem-clasping, cut, pilose on both surfaces. suffered to settle, clarified with white of eggs and evaporated to
4. H. Native of Bithynia on Mount Olympus. Plant about a due consistence, yields about one-fifth or one-sixth of the weight
the size of P. somniferum, but pale green, not glaucous, also the of the heads of extract, which possesses the virtues of opium in
flowers are about the same size, of a pale lurid-scarlet, or of an a very inferior degree, and does not come to this country unless
a
S 2

132
PAPAVERACEÆ. I. PAPAVER.
when used to adulterate the genuine opium. The heads are colour is much darker; its taste more nauseous and less bitter,
gathered as they ripen, and as this happens at different times, and its smell rather empyreumatic. When imported it is con-
there are annually three or four gatherings. They are brought siderably cheaper than Turkey opium, and is supposed to be only
to market in bags, each containing about 3000 heads and sold to half the strength. One-eighth of the weight is allowed for the
the druggists. The London market is chiefly supplied from enormous quantity of leaves with which it is enveloped. In the
Mitcham in Surrey. The heads or capsules possess anodyne pro- East Indies when opium is not good enough to bring a certain
perties; they are chiefly employed boiled in water, as fomentations price, it is destroyed under the inspection of public officers.
to inflamed and ulcerated surfaces, and the syrup prepared from No opium of this kind is now brought to Europe. Mr. Ker
them with inspissated decoction, is used as an anodyne for chil- relates that at Bahar it is frequently adulterated with cow-dung,
dren, and to allay the tickling cough in chronic catarrh and phthisis. the extract of the poppy procured by boiling and various other
A strong decoction of the dried heads, mixed with as much sugar substances. In Malava it is mixed with oil of Sésamum, which
as is sufficient to reduce it to the consistence of a syrup, becomes is often one half of the mass ; ashes and dried leaves of the plant
fit for keeping in a liquid form, and is the only officinal prepar-
are also used. It is also adulterated with the aqueous extract of
ation of the poppy. It is, however, a very unequal preparation, the capsules; the extracts of Glaúcium luteum, Lactùca viròsa and
as the real quantity of opium it contains is very uncertain ; as a
.
Glycyrrhiza glàbra, and sometimes with gum arabic, tragacanth,
medicine it is by no means equal to syrup, to which a certain aloes, and many other articles.
,
quantity of solution of opium is added. The seeds of the poppy
The action of opium on the living system has been the sub-
are simply emulsive, and contain none of the narcotic principle. ject of the keenest controversy. Some have asserted that it is
They yield a considerable quantity of oil by expression.
a direct sedative, and that it produces no stimulant effects what-
The milky juice of the poppy in its more perfect state, which ever; while others have asserted as strongly that it is a powerful
is the case in warm climates only, is extracted by incisions made and highly diffusible stimulus, and that the sedative effects which
in the capsules and inspissated ; and in this state forms the opium it undeniably produces are merely the consequences of previous
of commerce. The mode of obtaining it seems to have been excitement. The truth appears to be that opium is capable of
nearly the same in the time of Dioscorides, as is at this day' producing a certain degree of excitement, while the sedative
adopted. The plants, during their growth, are carefully watered effects which always succeed are incomparably greater than
and manured, the watering being more profuse as the period of could be produced by the previous excitement. The stimulant
flowering approaches, and until the capsules are half
grown, effects are most apparent from small doses. These increase the
when it is discontinued, and the collection of the opium commences. energy of the mind, the frequency of the pulse, and the heat of
At sunset longitudinal incisions are made upon each half-ripe the body, excite thirst, render the mouth dry and parched, and
capsule, passing below upwards and not penetrating to the in- diminish all the secretions and excretions, except the cuticular
ternal cavity. The night dews favour the exudation of the juice, discharge, which they increase. These effects are succeeded by
which is collected in the morning by women and children, who languor and lassitude. In larger doses the stimulant effects
scrape
it from off the wounds with a small iron scoop, and de- are not so apparent, but the excitability is remarkably diminished,
posit the whole in an earthen pot, where it is worked by wooden and confusion, vertigo, and sleep are produced. In excessive
spatules in the sunshine, until it attains a considerable degree of doses it proves a violent narcotic poison, exciting headach, ver-
thickness. It is then formed by the hand into cakes which are tigo, delirium, and convulsions, accompanied with a very slow
laid in earthen basins to be further exsiccated, when it is covered pulse, stertorous breathing, and a remarkable degree of insen-
over with poppy or tobacco leaves. Such is the mode followed sibility or stupor, terminated by apoplectic death. The effects
in India, and according to Kæmpfer's account, nearly the same is of an overdose are best counteracted by the exhibition of re-
practised in Persia; and when the juice is drawn in a similar peated doses of diffusible stimuli, and chiefly by not permitting
manner in this country, and inspissated, it has all the characters the person to yield to his desire of sleeping. A solution of an
of pure opium.
alkaline carbonate should also be injected to decompose the opium
Two kinds of opium are found in commerce, distinguished and render the morphia insoluble. The exhibition of a powerful
by the names of Turkey and East Indian opium. The Turkey emetic, and for this purpose sulphate of zinc or sulphate of
opium is a solid compact perfectly transparent substance, of copper dissolved in water should be immediately swallowed, and
moderate specific gravity, possessing a considerable degree of
possessing a considerable degree of the vomiting kept up for a considerable time and urged by irrita-
tenacity, yet somewhat brittle, if half cut through; the sec- tion of the fauces. Large draughts of vinegar and water or
tion dense and a little shining; of a dark brown colour, other acidulated fluids should afterwards be frequently taken,
becoming softer by the heat of the fingers, with difficulty and the powers of the habit supported by brandy, coffee, and
reduced to powder, unless in the cold, after having been long cordials. Currie recommends the affusion of warm water at
dried in small pieces. Powder of a light brown, and readily 106 degrees for the removing the drowsiness. By habit the
plastic when baked together ; when moistened marking on paper effects of opium on the body are remarkably diminished. There
a light brown interrupted streak, scarcely colouring the saliva have been instances of four grains proving fatal to adults, while
when chewed, at least only tinging it of a greenish colour, and others have been known to consume as many drachms daily.
rendering it frothy, exciting at first a nauseous bitter taste, which The habitual use of opium produces the same effects with habi-
soon becomes acrid with some degree of warmth, and having a tual dram-drinking; tremors, paralysis, stupidity, and general
peculiar disagreeable smell. The best kind of opium is in flat emaciation ; and like it can scarcely ever be relinquished. In
pieces; and besides the large leaves in which they are enve- disease, opium is chiefly employed to mitigate pain, diminish
loped, they are covered with the reddish capsules of a species morbid sensibility, procure sleep, allay inordinate actions, and to
of Rumex used in packing it. The round masses which have check diarrhea and other excessive discharges. It is contra-in-
none of the capsules adhering to them are evidently inferior in dicated in gastric affections, plethora, a highly inflammatory state
quality. Opium is bad if it is soft or friable, mixed with any of the body, and determination of the blood to particular viscera.
impurities, have an intensely dark or blackish colour, a weak The Turks call opium afioni, and in the teriakihana or opium
smell, a sweetish taste, or draws upon paper a brown continuous shops of Constantinople they take it in graduated doses from 10
streak. The East Indian opium has much less consistence, grains to 100 grains in a day. It is mixed with rich syrup and
being sometimes not thicker than tar, and always ductile. Its the inspissated juices of fruit to render it more palatable and
a
а

PAPAVERACEÆ. I. PAPAVER.
133
a
a
less intoxicating, and is taken with a spoon or made up into When purified by repeated solutions, it crystallized in rectan-
lozenges, stamped with the words Mash Allah, literally meaning gular prisms, with rhomboidal bases. It was solid, white, had
“ The work of God." The Tartar couriers, who travel great
"
no taste or smell, was insoluble in cold water and soluble in 400
distances, and with astonishing rapidity, take nothing else to parts of boiling water, did not affect vegetable blues, was soluble
support them during their journeys (Dail. const. p. 78.). There in 24 parts of boiling alcohol, and 110 cold, as well as in
is, however, some reason to suppose that the Mash Allah or hot ether and oil of almonds and olives below the boiling
Maslash of the Turks contains other narcotics, as those of hemp temperature, &c. When burnt it gives out a thick smoke and
Lòlium temulentum, as well as opium.
ammoniacal odour. It was supposed by Sertuerner to be me-
The use of opium for the purpose of exhilarating the spirits, conate of Morphia, but Robiquet considered it as peculiar prin-
has long been known in Turkey, Syria, and China, and of late ciple which he has called Narcotin, and has shewn that it
may
years it has been unfortunately adopted by many, particularly be obtained almost pure by acting upon the soft watery extract
females, in this country. Russel says that in Syria, when com- of opium by ether, which dissolves scarcely any thing but the
bined with spices and other aromatics, he has known it taken to Narcotin. M. Robiquet has altered and improved upon Ser-
the amount of three drachms in 24 hours. Its habitual use tuerner's process for obtaining Morphia by boiling the watery
cannot be too much reprobated. It impairs the digestive organs, solution of opium with pure magnesia, and then extracting the
consequently the vigour of the whole body, and destroys also Morphia from the precipitate of alcohol. So far as it has been
gradually the mental energies. The effects of opium on those analyzed, the essential constituents of opium seem to be 1. mor-
addicted to its use, says Russel, are at first obstinate costiveness, phia, 2. narcotin, 3. meconic acid, 4. an unnamed acid, 5. a
succeeded by diarrhoea and flatulence, with the loss of appetite substance like caoutchouc, 6. one like febrin, 7. a resin, 8.gum.
and a sottish appearance.
The memories of those who take it Opium is not fusible, but is softened even by the heat of the
soon fail, they become prematurely old, and then sink into the fingers. It is highly inflammable. It is partially soluble both
grave objects of scorn and pity. Mustapha Shatoor, an opium- in alcohol and in water.
Mustapha Shatoor, an opium- in alcohol and in water. The solutions of opium are transparent,
eater in Smyrna, took daily 3 drachms of crude opium. The and have a brown and vinous colour. The watery solution is
visible effects at the time were the sparkling of his eyes and not decomposed by alcohol. The narcotic virtues of opium are
great exhilaration of spirits. He found the desire of increasing imparted by distillation to alcohol and to water ; and they are
his dose growing upon him. He seemed twenty years older diminished, or entirely dissipated, by long boiling, roasting, or
than he really was; his complexion was very sallow, his legs small, great age. The part of opium which is not soluble either in
his gums eaten away, and his teeth laid bare to the sockets. water or alcohol is chiefly caoutchouc. By evaporating a watery
He could not rise without swallowing half a drachm of opium. solution of opium to the consistence of syrup Desrosnes ob-
(Phil. trans. xix. p. 289.)
p
tained a precipitate which was increased by diluting the extract
M. Sertuerner infused four ounces of powdered opium in with a little cold water. He dissolved this in hot alcohol, from
repeated portions of cold distilled water, and filtered the solu- which it again separated on cooling.
tion through cloth. It was evaporated in a glass vessel, with M.M. Orfila and Magendie have each made experiments to
a gentle heat, to 8 ounces; which, after standing 8 days, depo- ascertain the effects of the various principles contained in opium,
sited 6 grains of sulphate of potass. The remaining fluid but these physiologists do not agree in their results. Pure crys-
was diluted with distilled water, and yielded a flocculent pre- tallized morphia has little or no effect, on account of its little solu-
cipitate on the addition of caustic ammonia, which, after being bility in the juices of the stomach ; but all its solutions in acids,
washed successively with sulphuric ether, caustic ammonia, oil, and alcohol, excite the same narcotic effects as the opium
and alcohol, yielded 3 drachms of a fine brownish-white pow- itself, and in a smaller dose. Magendie considers the narcotin
der, to which M. Sertuerner gave the name of Morphium, now as the exciting principle of opium; but this is denied by Orfila,
Morphia, and which may be further purified by solution in who asserts that it produces nausea, vomiting, debility, accele-
boiling alcohol. It seemed to be perfectly free from ammonia rated circulation, and death, without the vertigo or affection of
yet it possessed all the characteristics of genuine alkali, colour- the senses, palsy of the extremities, plaintive cries or convulsions,
ing rhubarb brown and fernambuc violet, and forming neutral which arise from morphia.
salts with acids. It has a peculiar bitter astringent taste, and Opium has been used with good effects in numerous diseases,
its solution leaves a red stain on the skin. Its crystals are particularly in intermittent fevers ; typhoid fevers, accompanied
very obtuse, single or double pyramids, with a square or long with watchfulness and diarrhoea. When combined with calomel, it
rectangular base, or prisms with trapezoid base. It dissolves in has lately been much employed in inflammations from local causes,
82 parts of boiling water, from which it crystallizes on cooling ; such as wounds, fractures, burns, absorption of morbid poisons,
in 36 of boiling and 42 of cold alcohol, and in 8 of sulphuric as in swelled testicles, and even in active inflammation, accompa-
ether. The fluid from which the Morphia was precipitated, nied with watchfulness, pain, and spasm, after blood-letting. In
after being heated to 120° Fah. to expel the ammonia, was fil- small pox, when the convulsions before eruption are frequent, or
tered, and a solution of muriate of barytes or of acetate of lead, when the accompanying fever is of a typhoid type, opium is libe-
added as long as there was any precipitate. The white preci- rally used: it is likewise given from the fifth day onwards, and is
pitate, when washed and dried, weighed 7 drachms, and consisted found to allay the pain of suppuration, to promote the ptyalism,
of the barytes mixed with a new acid, to which M. Sertuerner and to be otherwise useful. In dysentery, after the use of gentle
gave the name of Meconic, and which he separated by sulphuric laxatives, or along with them, opium, independently of any effect
acid. This mode of obtaining it has not, however, succeeded it may have on the fever, is of consequence in allaying the tor-
with others, but M. Choulant, by mixing the meconate of barytes mina and tenesmus, and in obviating that laxity of bowels, which
with an equal weight of vitreous boracic acid, and subliming, ob- so often frequently remain after that disease. In diarrhoea the
tained the meconic acid in the form of shining scales of a fine disease itself generally carries off any offending acrimony; and
white salt. Its taste is at first sour and cooling, but afterwards then or after purgatives opium is used with great effect even
unpleasantly. bitter. It reddens vegetative blues, and combines in the most symptomatic cases it seldom fails to alleviate. In
with alkalies and earths, and gives a cherry red colour to solu- cholera and pyrosis it is the best remedy. It is given to allay
.
tions of iron; its crystals are quadrangular tables, and it is the pain, and favour the descent of calculi, and to give relief to
soluble in twice its weight in water and also in alcohol and ether. jaundice and dysuria, proceeding from spasm. In colic it is
a

134
PAPAVERACEÆ. II. ARGEMONE.
a
In some
a
employed with laxatives, and often prevents ileus and inflam- 26 P. TURBINA TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 84.) capsules turbinate,
mation, by relieving the spasm. Even in ileus it is sometimes and are, as well as the calyx, smooth ; stem few-flowered ; pe-
used to allay the vomiting, the spasms, and the pain. It is of duncles with a few spreading bristles ; leaves pinnatifid ; lobes
acknowledged use in different species of tetanus; affords relief ovate, entire, not terminated at top by a bristle. O. H. Na-
to the various spasmodic symptoms of dyspepsia, hysteria, hypo- tive of the East, between Bagdad and Kermancha. Petals almost
chondriasis, asthma, rabies canina, &c. and has been found useful like those of P. dùbium, and of the same colour. Stigmas 6-7-
in some kinds of epilepsy. In syphilis it is useful in combating rayed. Herb glaucous.
symptoms, and in counteracting the effects resulting from the Turbinate-capsuled Poppy. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
improper use of mercury. It is found useful in certain cases of
threatened abortion and lingering delivery, in convulsions during
+ A species not sufficiently known.
parturition, and in after pains and excessive flooding. The ad-
27 P.? INTEGRIFOLIUM (Vig. diss. 38.) 4?O? Native of
ministration of opium to the unaccustomed is sometimes very
Spain. Bocc. mus. p. 77. t. 65. f. 1. Barr. obs. p. 47. t. 1191.
difficult. The requisite quantity is wonderfully different in dif-
Perhaps this is a variety of P. Rhæ'as; but, according to the ob-
ferent persons, and in different states of the same person. A
servations of Bertoloni, it is nothing more than a bad figure of
a
quarter of a grain will in one adult produce effects which ten
Seriòla Æthnénsis before flowering.
times the quantity will not do in another; and a dose that might
Cult. Shewy plants with flowers of various hues. The pe-
prove fatal in cholera or colic, would not be perceptible in many
rennial species may be increased by dividing the plants at the
cases of tetanus or mania. When given in too small a dose it is
roots, but the common and best way is by seeds. The annual
apt to produce disturbed sleep, and other disagreeable conse-
kinds may be sown in the open border, about the middle or end
quences; but sometimes'a small dose has the desired effect, while
of March, where they are intended to remain, as they do not bear
a larger one gives rise to vertigo and delirium ; and with some
transplanting. They all thrive best in a light rich soil. The P.
constitutions it does not agree in any dose or form. Its stimu- nudicaúle and varieties, microcarpum, rubro-aurantiacum, pyre-
lant effects are most certainly produced by the repetition of small
nàicum and varieties, and P. alpinum, are beautiful little plants,
doses, its anodyne by the giving of a full dose at once.
and should be kept as alpines, in pots; or otherwise they are very
it seems not to have its proper effect till after a considerable time.
The operation of a moderate dose is supposed to last in general London.
apt to damp off in the winter, especially in the neighbourhood of
about eight hours from the time of taking it. Externally opium
is used to diminish pain, and remove spasmodic affections. It is
found particularly serviceable in chronic ophthalmia, when accom-
II. ARGEMO'NE (from argema, cataract of the eye, which
panied with morbidly increased sensibility. Opium is exhibited is derived from apyos, argos, white. The name apyɛuwvn was
in various ways, or in combination with aromatics, astringents,
given by the Greeks to a plant, which was supposed to cure ca-
camphor, soap, emétics, bitters, distilled waters, mucilage, syrups, taract of the eye.) Tour. inst. 239. t. 121. Lin. gen. no. 649.
acids, carbonate of ammonia, ether, acetate of lead, potass, and
Gært. fruct. 1. p. 287. t. 60. Lam. ill. t. 452. Juss. gen. 236.
unctuous substances, &c.; but made up in substance in the form D. C. syst. 2. p. 85. prod. 1. p. 120.
of a pill, lozenge or electuary are its most efficient forms.
LIN. Syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Sepals 2 or 3, concave,
Sleep-bearing, or Common, or Opium Poppy. Fl. July, Aug. mucronate. Petals 4-6. Stamens indefinite. Style scarcely any.
Pl. 3-4-feet.
Stigmas 4-6, radiating, pitted, free. Capsules obovate, 1-celled ;
23 P. CAUCA'SICUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 5.) capsules ovate- valves 4-6, opening at the top; placentas linear. Seeds spherical,
oblong, smooth ; stem much branched, and is, as well as the pe-
scrobiculate. Annual glaucous herbs, abounding in a yellow juice,
duncles, beset with deciduous bristles ; leaves glaucous, pinna-
and covered with stiff prickles. Leaves sessile, repand-sinuated;
tifid; lobes ovate-oblong, each terminated by a bristle. 5. H. usually spotted or painted with white; recesses spiny-toothed.
Native of gravelly places towards Caucasus, about the falls Peduncles axillary, always erect. Flowers from yellow to white.
of the Terek, and about the bottom of mount Kasbeck; at
1 A. MEXICA'NA (Lin. spec. 727.) leaves profoundly repand-
the falls of Chodjal ; also in Iberia about Tiflis. Sims, bot. sinuated, spiny, blotched with white; flowers solitary; calyx
mag. 1672. A glaucous branching plant. Petals very fuga- smooth; capsules prickly, 3-4-valved; petals 4-6; stigmas 4-5.
ceous, colour of those of Glaúcium corniculatum, and about the O. H. Native of Mexico, Louisiana, and from Florida to Canada,
size of those of P. Rhæas. Capsules small, crowned by a West Indies, Brazils, Africa, St. Helena, Ascension, East Indies,
5-8-angled stigma.
Sandwich Islands, &c. Curt. bot. mag. t. 243. Sab. hort. rom.
Caucasian Poppy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1813. Pl. 1 foot. 4. t. 65. Mill. fig. 1. t. 50. A. spinosa, Moench. meth. 227.
24 P. ARMENI' ACUM (Lam. dict. 1. p. 247.) capsules elliptical- A. versícolor, Sal. prod. 376. Ecthrus triviàlis, Lour. cochin. 1.
.
oblong, and are, as well as the calyx, smooth ; stem much p. 421. This plant is called by the Spaniards in Mexico Figo
branched, smoothish; leaves pinnate ; lobes linear, each termi- del inferno, or Devil's fig. In the West Indies it is called Yellow
nated by a bristle. 0. H. Native of Armenia. Argemòne thistle. An oil is expressed from the seeds of this plant, which
Armeniaca, Lin. spec. 727. Very like P. Caucásicum. Flowers is used in Mexico for shining wood. The yellow juice with which
red; stigma pyramidal. The Argémone Armeniaca of Sab. hort. the plant abounds, when reduced to a consistence, is not distin-
rom. 4. t. 66. has the calyx 3-valved, and hispid capsules; and guishable from gamboge. In very small doses it is probably of
therefore differs from this plant.
equal efficacy, given in dropsies, jaundice, and cutaneous erup-
Armenian Poppy. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. Pl. 1 f.? tions. It is esteemed very detersive, and generally used in dis-
25 P. FU'GAX (Poir. dict. 5. p. 118.) capsules ovate, and are, eases of the eyes; but the infusion is looked upon as a sudorific
as well as the calyx, smooth; stem much branched, twiggy, and
and resolutive. The seeds are said to be a much stronger nar-
is, as well as the peduncles, nearly smooth ; leaves pinnatifid ;
cotic than opium.
lobes lanceolate, each terminated by a bristle. 0. H. Native Mexican Poppy. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1592.
of Persia, on mount Elwend. Petals fugacious, of a pale car-
2 A. ALBIFLORA (Horn. hort. hafn. 469. Sims, bot, mag. t.
mine colour. Capsule crowned by a 4-5-angled pyramidal 2342.) leaves sessile, feather-nerved; petals usually only 3.
stigma.
O. H. Native of Georgia and Louisiana. Flowers white. A.
Fugacious-petalled Poppy. Fl. Jun. July. Clt. 1827. Pl. 1 ft. Mexicana , albiflora, D. C. syst. 2. p. 86. prod. 1. p. 120.
p
.

PAPAVERACEÆ. III. MECANOPSIS. IV. STYLOPHORUM. V. HUNNEMANIA.
135
2. H.
p. 120.
White-flowered Mexican Poppy. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Capsule oblong or globose, 4-valved, echinated, opening at the
Pl. 1 foot.
top. Placentas narrow. Perennial herbs, yielding a yellow juice,
3 A. OCHROLEUCA (Sweet, brit. fl. gard. t. 242.) leaves pro- with undivided or pinnate leaves. Peduncles inflexed before the
foundly sinuated or pinnatifid, glaucescent; nerves with prickly expansion of the flower, and sometimes ever after. Flowers yel-
bristles ; flowers solitary; stamens few; capsules oblong, deeply low or crimson.
5-6-furrowed, covered with somewhat reflexed prickles; stigmas 1 M. PETIOLA'TUM (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 8.) capsules echi-
5-6, distinct, spreading, purple. O. H. Native of Mexico. nated ; leaves pinnate, stalked, smooth, 2-3 on each stem ; leaf-
Leaves blotched with white. Flowers pale-yellow ; calyx of 3- lets 5. 4. H. Native of North America, in woods on the
sepals; petals 6, crenated. Stem prickly.
banks of the river Ohio. Meconópsis petiolata, D. C. syst.
Cream-flowered Mexican Poppy. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1827. . 2. p. 87., S. Ohiense, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 570. Leaves pin-
Pl. 2-4 feet.
nate ; lobes 5, oblong, toothed ; teeth blunt. Flowers deep yel-
4 A. GRANDIFLORA (Sweet brit. fl. gard. t. 226.) leaves sinu- low, about the size of those of Glaúcium flavum. Stigma 4-fur-
ated, smooth, spiny-toothed; nerves unarmed; flowers panicled, rowed. Capsule bristly. Seeds crested at the hilum.
polyandrous; calyx smooth ; capsules bluntly quadrangular, al- Stalked-leaved Stylophorum. Fl. May, June. Pl. 1 foot.
most unarmed. 4. H. or O. H. Native of Mexico. Flowers 2 S. DIPHY'LLUM (Nutt. gen. 2. p. 7.) capsules ? leaves 2,
large, white.
Stigmas 4, with as many pale-blue pits. Anthers pinnatifid, sessile, rather pilose.
Native of North
yellow. Plants raised from seed, not flowering till October; but America, along the sides of rivulets, and in shady woods of Ken-
when the roots have existed through the winter, they will flower tucky and Tennessee, and on the banks of the river Missouri.
early in the summer.
Chelidònium diphyllum, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 309. Meco-
Great-flowered Mexican Poppy. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1827. nópsis diphylla, D. C. syst. 2. p. 88. Plant smaller than the
Pl. 2-3 feet.
S. petiolatum, and less glaucous, and furnished with shining hairs.
Cult. Argemòne is a genus of beautiful hardy annuals, and Leaves 2 on each stem, lobately-pinnatifid ; lobes roundish or
should be sown in the open flower-border about the end of March blunt. Peduncles usually proliferous. Flowers yellow. Cap-
or beginning of April ; or the rarer kinds may be sown on a hot- sule bristly.
bed, and afterwards planted out into the borders.
Two-leaved Stylophorum. Fl. March, May. Pl. 1 foot.
3 S. PANICULA'TUM ; plant very bristly; stem branched; cau-
line leaves undivided, oblong, sessile ; flowers panicled ; capsules
III. MECONO'PSIS (from unkwv, mekon, a poppy; and opis, spherical, beset with imbricate bristles. 2. F. Native of
opsis, resemblance; appearance of plants.) Vig. diss. p. 20 and Nipaul in Gosaingsthan, where it is called Espoo swa by the
48. f. 3. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 586. syst. 2. p. 86. prod. 1. natives. Meconópsis Napaulénsis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 121. S.
Napalensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 570. Papàver paniculàtum, D.
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, pilose. Petals Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 197. Flowers crimson or yellow, about the
4. Stamens indefinite. Style short. Stigmas 5-6, radiated, size of those of Papàver Rhe'as. Calyx beset with starry down.
convex, free. Capsules obovate, l-celled; valves 5-6, open- Style erect, cylindrical, half an inch long. Stigma capitate,
ing at the top; placentas thin, narrow, hardly drawn out on entire. Herb very poisonous.
the inside into narrow membranes. A perennial herb, abounding Panicled-flowered Stylophorum. Pl. 3 to 4 feet.
in a yellow juice. Leaves pinnate, glaucous underneath. Pe- 4 S. SIMPLICIFOLIUM ; plant beset with bristles ; leaves un-
duncles long, inflexed, before the expansion of the flower ; hence divided, lanceolate, obtuse, quite entire, stalked ; scape 1-flow-
the flower-bud is drooping. Flowers yellow, erect. A
genus
be- ered; flower nodding ; capsules oblong, very bristly. 2. H.
tween Papàver and Argemòne.
Native of Nipaul in Gosaingsthan in the alpine region of the
1 M. ČAʼMBRICA (Vig. diss. p. 48. f. 3.) capsules smooth; Himalaya, where it is called Ohaee and Themei-Sowang by the
leaves numerous on the lower part of the stem, pinnate, stalked ; natives. Papàver simplicifolium, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 197.
lobes toothed, somewhat decurrent. 2. H. Native of many Flowers crimson, with a dark purple claw at the base of each
parts of Europe, especially in the Pyrenees, Russia, France, petal. Anthers spirally twisted.
petal. Anthers spirally twisted. Style cylindrical, thick, one-
&c. in shady humid places; and Britain particularly North half the length of the ovary. Stigma capitate, tetragonal.
Wales, about Llanbarris; about Kendal, Westmoreland; in shady Simple-leaved Stylophorum. Pl. 1} foot.
lanes near Kirkby Lonsdale. P. Cámbricum, Lin. spec. 727.
.
Cult. A beautiful genus of plants. The species require to be
Engl. bot. t. 66.-Dill. elth. 300. t. 223. f. 290. P. luteum, planted in a shady situation, in a light rich soil. They may be
Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 173. P. flavum, Monch. meth. 247. Arge-
Arge- either increased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds.
mòne Cámbrica, Desp. in dict. sci. nat. 2. p. 481. Flowers about They will all require to be protected during winter by a frame.t
the size of those of P. Rhoe'as. Petals very fugaceous, of a sul-
phur-yellow colour.
Welsh Poppy. Fl. May, August. England and Wales. Pl. V. HUNNEMANIA (John Hunneman, a very zealous bo-
1 foot.
tanist, who has introduced more plants into Britain than any
other
Cult. The Welsh Poppy is rather an ornamental plant. It
individual.) Sweet. brit. fl. gard. 3. t. 276.
grows best in a rich light soil, in a shady situation.
LIN. SYST. Polyándria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, concave, deci-
be either increased by dividing the plants at the root or by duous. Petals 4 (f. 39. a.). Stamens numerous; anthers linear
seeds.
(f.39. b.). Ovary oblong; style short, permanent; stigma pel-
tate, 4-furrowed, obsoletely 4-lobed. Capsule silique-formed,
rather compressed, 10-ribbed, 1-celled, 2-valved; valves bear-
IV. STYLO'PHORUM (from otulos, stylos, a column or ing many seeds at the edges (f. 39. c.). Seeds rather globose,
style ; popew, phoreo, to bear; having long styles.). Nutt. gen. tubercled on the outside. Albumen cartilaginous.—An erect
2. p. 8. Mecanopsis, sect. Stylophorum, D. C. syst. 2. p. 87. somewhat suffruticose plant, with decompound glaucous leaves
LIN. Syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, pilose, decidu- and solitary terminal yellow flowers, like those of Eschscholtzia
ous. Petals 4. Style long, columnar. Stigma 4-lobed or entire. Califórnica.
4.
It may

136
PAPAVERACEÆ. VI. SANGUINARIA. VII. BoccoNIA.
a
a
cous.
a
1 H. FUMARIÆFÒLIA (Sweet. 1.
FIG. 39.
water, and gives one or two tea-spoonfuls every half hour in
c.) leaves decompound and triter-
urgent cases. This treatment has often removed the symptoms
nate, glaucous ; leaflets linear, blun-
in half an hour. Dr. Ives thinks highly of its use in influenza
tish. f.or h. F. Native of Mexi-
and pthisis, and particularly in hooping cough. In large doses
co. (f. 39.)
to produce vomiting, he says, it often removes the croup. Dr.
Fumitory - leaved Hunnemania.
Macbride of Charlestown says, the Blood-root is useful in hydro-
Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1827. Pl. 2
thorax, given in doses of sixty drops three times a day, and in-
to 3 feet.
creased until nausea followed each dose. He prefers the pill or
Cult. This beautiful plant will
powder in a dose of two to five grains, and vinous infusion to
require to be sheltered through the
the spirituous tincture. The tincture may be made by digesting
winter by a frame. In the sum-
an ounce of the powdered root in eight ounces of diluted alcohol.
mer it will grow very well in the
This preparation possesses all the bitterness, but less of the nau-
open border, or against a wall. It
seating qualities, than the infusion. In the dose of a small tea-
may be either increased by seeds
spoonful it is used by many practitioners as a stimulating tonic,
or cuttings; the former method is
capable of increasing the appetite and promoting digestion.
by far the best.
Canadian Blood-root or Puccoon. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1680.
Pl. to ] foot.
Cult. This being a dwarf plant should be planted near the
VI. SANGUINA'RIA (from sanguis, blood; because all front of the flower border ; it will thrive well in a light sandy
parts of the plant, especially the roots, yield a red juice when loam or peat soil, and it is easily increased by dividing the roots
cut or broke.) Dill. hort. elth. 252. Lin. gen. no. 645. Lam. ill.
.
or by seeds.
t. 449. Juss. gen. p. 236. D. C. syst. 2. p. 88. prod. 1. p. 121.
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, ovate, cadu- VII. BOCCO'NIA (in honour of Paolo Bocconi, M. D. a Sici-
Petals 8-12. Stamens 24. Stigma bisulcate. Capsules
Capsules lian botanist, author of the Museum des Plantes, and Histoire
oblong, 2-valved, ventricose, acute at both ends ; valves deci- Naturelle de l'ile de Corse, &c. died 1704.) Plum. gen. 35. t.
duous; placentas 2, permanent. A small perennial American 25. Lin. gen. no. 591. Juss. gen. 236. Gært. fruct. 1. p.
herb, abounding in a blood-coloured juice, with one leaf and one 204. t. 44. f. 1. D. C. syst. 2. p. 89. prod. 1. p. 121.
scape rising from each bud. Flowers white.
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, ovate, deci-
LIN. SYST.
i S. CANADE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 734.) 4. H. Native of North duous. Petals none. Stamens 8-24. Stigmas 2, spreading.
America in dry woods in a fertile soil, from Canada to Florida, and Capsules two-valved, elliptical, 1-seeded. Seed 1, erect, fixed
on the banks of the river Delaware. Curt. bot. mag. t. 162. to the bottom of the capsule, inwrapped in soft pulp at the
Bigel. med. bot. 1. p. 75. t. 7. Trunk of root horizontal, sub- base ; hilum filiform ; albumen fleshy. Embryo very minute,
terraneous, yielding a red juice when cut. Leaf radical, kidney- erect. American shrubs from 2 to 10 feet high, abounding in a
shaped, lobed like the leaf of the fig. Scape 4 inches high, 1- yellow juice. Leaves stalked, glaucous, form of those of the
,
flowered. Flowers double or single, large or small. The
whole oak. Flowers in terminal panicles, with the branches and branch-
plant dyes yellow, and is called by the indigenous Americans lets furnished each with one bractea. This genus does not well
Puccoon, and not inaptly by the farriers Turmeric.
agree with the rest of Papaveràceæ, from its 1-seeded capsules,
The medical properties of Sanguinària are those of an acrid as well as in the flower being destitute of petals.
narcotic. When taken in a large dose it irritates the fauces, 1 B. FRUTE'scENs (Lin. spec. 634.) leaves oval-oblong, cu-
leaving an impression in the throat for a considerable time after neated at the base, pinnatifid. H.S. Native of Mexico, Cuba,
it is swallowed. It occasions heart-burn, nausea, faintness, St. Domingo, Jamaica, Guadaloupe, on the mountains. Lam. ill.
vertigo, and diminished vision. At length it vomits, but in this t. 394. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 83. B. quercifolia, Monch. suppl. 122.
operation it is less certain than other emetics in common use. B. glaúca, Sal. prod. 377. The juice of this shrub is acrid, and
The above effects are produced by a dose of from eight to twenty
is used in the West Indies to take off warts.
grains of the fresh powdered root. When given in smaller doses, Var. B, cérnua (Moc. et Sesse icon. fl. mex. ined.) perennial;
such as produce only nausea, it has been found useful in several
scapes 1-flowered.
complaints. In still smaller doses, or such as do not excite Var. y, subtomentosa (Lher. in herb. Dombey.) leaves on the
nausea, it has acquired some reputation as a tonic-stimulant. under surface, especially at the nerves, somewhat tomentose;
Professor Smith of Hanover, New Hampshire, found the powder lobes much crenated. ñ .s. Native of Peru. This variety is
to operate violently as an emetic, and produced great prostration called by the Peruvians Palo de Tinto or Palo Amarillo.
of strength during its operation. Snuffed up the nose it proved The sepals of all the varieties are more or less brown.
sternutatory, and left a sensation of heat for some time. Applied Frutescent Tree Celandine. Fl. Jan. April, in its native coun-
to fungous flesh, it proved escharotic, and several polypi of the try. Britain, Oct. to Jan. Clt. 1739. Shrub 3 to 10 feet.
soft kind were cured by it in his hands. He found it of great 2 B. INTEGRIFOʻLIA (H. B. et Kth. nov. pl. gen. 1. p. 119.
use in the incipient stages of pulmonary consumption, given in as t. 35.) leaves oblong, tapering towards each end, entire, or
large doses as the stomach would bear, and repeated in cases of scarcely crenated. h. s. Native of Peru on the Andes towards
great irritation, he combined it with opium. Some other com- Casca. Leaves flat. Panicles crowded. Flowers greenish,
plaints were benefitted by it, such as acute rheumatism and Var. B, Mexicàna (D. C. syst. 2. p. 91.) margins of leaves
jaundice. Professor Ives of New Haven, North America, con- somewhat revolute; panicles loose. ħ. S. Native of New
siders the Blood-root an important remedy in many diseases, Spain.
Spain. Flowers green or brownish. .
particularly of the lungs and liver. He observed, that in typhoid Entire-leaved Tree Celandine. Fl.? Clt. 1822. Shrub 9 ft.
pneumonia, in plethoric constitutions, when respiration is very Cult. Shrubs with fine foliage but with insignificant bloom.
difficult, of greater benefit than any other remedy ; in such They grow well in a rich light soil. Ripened cuttings root
cases the dose must be large, and repeated until it excites readily, under a hand-glass in a pot of sand, plunged in a mode-
vomiting or relieves the symptoms. He infuses from a scruple rate heat, or they may be increased by seed, which usually ripen
to half a drachm of the powdered root in half a gill of hot in plenty.
7
.

PAPAVERACEÆ. VIII. MACLEAYA. IX. EscHSCHOLZIA.
X. RÖMERIA. XI. GLAUCIUM.
137
9
VIII. MACLE AYA (Alexander Mac Leay, F.R.S. F. L. S. tals 4. Stamens indefinite. Stigma bilamellate, or 3-lobed.
colonial secretary New South Wales, a profound entymologist) Capsules elongated, 1-celled, 2, 3, or 4-valved ; valves opening
a
R. Br. in Clapp. and Denham's trav. append. p. 18.
from the top to the base. Seed kidney-shaped, scrobiculate, des-
Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, caducous (f. 40.
,
titute of a glandular crest. Annual herbs, yielding yellow juice.
a.). Petals none. Stamens 24-28 (f. 40. b.). Stigmas 2 (f. Leaves pinnate-parted ; lobes narrow, multifid; lobules linear,
40.c.) spreading. Capsule elliptical, with many-seeded placentas. terminated by a hair-like point. Flowers violet.
Seeds fixed to parietal placentas. Albumen fleshy. Embryo 1 R. HY'BRIDA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 92.) siliques 3-4-valved,
very minute, erect.
A perennial herbaceous plant, 4 or 5 feet erect, beset with stiff bristles at the top. 0. H. Native of
high, with roundish cordate, ob-
FIG. 40.
the south of Europe and the north of Africa in cultivated fields
soletely-lobed leaves, glaucous on
and vineyards, especially in the region of the Mediterranean.
the under surface. Flowers dis-
In England rare in corn fields between Swaff ham and Burwell,
posed in large panicles, brown-
Cambridgeshire, and other parts of that county, and about 4
ish.
miles from Aylsham towards Cromer. Glaucium hybridum,
1 M. CORDA'TA (R. Br. 1. c.)
Dum. cours. bot. cult. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 472. Chelidonium hý-
21. H. Native of China. Boc-
bridum, Lin. spec. 724. Smith, engl. bot. 201. Chel. violaceum,
cònia cordata, Willd. spec. 2.
p.
Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 169. R. violacea, Medik. in ust. ann. p. 15.
p. 841. Jacq. fragm. 63. t. 93. f.
Glaucium trivalve, Monch. meth. 249. Glaucium violaceum,
1. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1905 (f. 40.).
Juss. gen. 236. Smith, fl. græc. t. 490. Flowers violet,
Cordate-leaved Macleaya. Fl.
bluish, or purple.
Ju. Jul. Clt. 1795. Pl. 3-5 ft.
Var. B, eriocárpa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 93.) siliques beset with
Cult. This is a very ornamental,
stiff hairs from the base to the top. Chelidònium dodecándrum,
stately, herbaceous plant, when
Forsk. f. ægyp. p. 100. O. H. Native of Egypt.
grown in a rich soil ; it is easily
Var. 7, velutina (D. C. syst. 2. p. 93.) stems clothed with
Y
increased by dividing the roots in
soft villi. Chelid. hybridum, Bieb. A. taur. 2. p. 3. Native of
spring
Tauria.
Hybrid Römeria. Fl. May. June. Brit. Pl. foot.
IX. ESCHSCHO'LZIA (in honour of Fred. Eschscholz, 2 R. REFRA'CTA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 93.) siliques 3-4-valved,
M.D. a celebrated naturalist, who accompanied Kotzebue round
glabrous; pedicels a little recurved. O. H. Native of Tauria
the world.) Cham. in horæ, phys. berol. p. 74. t. 15. Hook. about Derbent. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 8. Glaucium refractum,
fl. bor. amer. p. 34.
Stev. in litt. Very like R. hýbrida, but differing in the
LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Tetragynia. Calyx mitre-shaped, leaves being bipinnatifid, and by the segments being more
deciduous (f. 41. f.), never separating into 2 sepals. Petals 4. blunt. Capsules drooping, or refracted from the recurved pedi-
,
(f. 41. a.), with their claws inserted into the throat of the recep- cels. Flowers violet.
tacle. Receptacle dilated, with an expanded, fringed, or entire Refracted-capsuled Römeria. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl.ft.
border (f. 41.6.). Stamens indefinite. Styles 4, 2 long and 2 3 R. BIVA'LVIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 93.) siliques 2-valved, setose,
short (f. 41. c.). Capsules silique-formed (f 41. d.), 2-valved. somewhat incurved. O. H. Native of Syria. Leaves pin-
Seeds fixed to the margins of the valves (f. 41.e.). A perennial nately-multifid ; lobes linear, pinnate-parted. Petals violet.
herb with tuberous roots. Leaves glaucous, tripinnatifid, the Two-valved-Capsuled Römeria. FI. Ju. Jul. Pl. | .
foot.
segments linear. Flowers large, yellow, not unlike those of Cult. This is a beautiful genus of annuals; they only re-
Glaúcium luteum.
quire to be sown in the open border, where they are intended
1 E. CALIFO'RNICA (Cham. 1. c.)
FIG. 41.
to remain, early in the spring.
4. H. Native of the north-west
coast of America on the dry sandy
banks of streams.
Lindl. bot. reg.
XI. GLAU'CIUM (IXavkoç, Glaucos, in mythology, the name
1168. Hook. bot. mag. 2887.
of a fisherman who leaped into the sea and became a sea-god;
Stigmas 4, 2 longer than the others.
also sea-green or glaucous, in allusion to the colour of the plants
Seeds globose, almost black. This
and their habitation by the sea-side.) Tourn, inst. 254. t. 130.
plant is a beautiful ornament to
Gært. fruct. 2. p. 165. t. 115. Juss. gen. 236. D. C. syst. 2.
our gardens. It was first disco-
p. 94, prod. 1. p. 122.
vered by Mr. Menzies more than
LIN. SYST.
Polyándria, Monogynia. Sepals 2. Petals 4.
.
40 years ago, and plants were raised
Stamens indefinite. Capsules elongated, 2-valved; valves
about that time in Kew Gardens
opening from the top to the bottom, 2-celled, with a cellular
(f. 41.).
disse piment. Stigma bilammellate. Seeds ovate, reniform,
Californian Poppy. Fl. May,
ra
destitute of a glandular crest. Evergreen, glaucous, biennial
Nov. Clt. 1790? Pl. 1 foot.
or annual herbs, abounding in a copper-coloured acrid juice,
Cult. A very ornamental plant
which is said to be poisonous and to occasion madness. Roots
of
easy
culture. It will thrive in
perpendicular. Radical leaves stalked; stem ones sessile, stem-
any kind of soil, and is easily increased by seeds. It is well clasping; more or less cut; lobes broad, blunt. Peduncles axil-
adapted for borders.
lary, or terminal, 1-flowered. Flowers yellow or crimson. The
English name of the genus, Horn-Poppy, is given to it on
X. RÖME'RIA (in honour of John James Römer, M. D., account of the long horn-like pods.
Professor of Botany at Landshut, died 1820, author of several 1 G. FLA'VUM (Crantz. A. austr. 2. p. 114.) stem glabrous ;
botanical works). Medik. in ust. ann. 1792. vol. 3. p. 15. stem-leaves repand ; capsules scabrous with tubercles.
D. C. syst. 2. p. 92. prod. 1. p. 122. but not of Moench nor Native of south and middle Europe on the sea-shore in the sand
Thunb.
or mud ; plentiful in Britain ; also on the sea-shore of Carolina
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, pilose. Pe- and Virginia. Chelid. Glaúcium, Lin. spec. 724. Fl. dan. 585.
VOL. I. - PART II.
T
a
2.
Wymazy
3.H.

138
PAPAVERACEÆ. XII. CHELIDONIUM. XIII. HYPECOUM.
4.
-
a
Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 70. t. 140. Smith, engl. bot. t. 8. G. small, yellow. The English name of the genus
Celandine is a
lùteum, Scop. carn. 1. p. 369. Hook, fl. lond. t. 56. G. glaucum, corruption of Chelidonium.
Monch. meth. 249. G. littorale, Sal. prod. 377.
1 CH. MA'JUS (Mill. dict. no. 1. Oed. fl. dan. t. 676.) pe-
Yellow Horn-Poppy. Fl. Jul. Aug. England. Pl. 2 feet. duncles umbellate ; leaves pinnate ; segments roundish, den-
2 G. FU’LVUM (Smith, exot. bot. 1. p. 11. t. 7.) stem gla- tately-lobed ; petals elliptical, entire. 4. H. Native through-
brous; stem-leaves rotundo-sinuated ; capsules scabrous; flowers out the whole of Europe, except Lapland, in shady places along
nearly sessile. g. or 2.? H. Native of the south of Europe in the sides of walls in hedges and thickets, also in New England
gravelly and sandy places by the sea-side. Chelid. fúlyum, and Pennsylvania, but certainly introduced there. In England
Poir. suppl. 5. p. 606. Chelid. glabrum, Mill. dict. no. 5. in waste grounds and thickets, especially on chalky soil. Ch.
Chelid. corniculatum, var. B, Lam. dict. 1. p. 714. Petals majus, var. a, Lin. spec. 723. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1531. Mill.
brick-coloured, cuneated at the base, and yellow; often some- fig. 1. t. 92. f. l. Schrank, fl. mon. 2. t. 120. A very common
what bifid at the top, very blunt.
plant, from 1-2 feet high, with either double or single flowers.
Fulvous Horn-Poppy. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1802. Pl. 2 ft. An infusion of the root does good in jaundice, gout, and calculi,
3 G. CORNICULA'TUM (Curt. fl. lond. 6. t. 32.) stem pilose; it is also used to give a colour to cotton. The juice, taken in-
stem leaves pinnatifid; capsules setose. O. H. Native of wardly, is good against dropsy, applied externally will remove
Europe, particularly towards the south, in sandy fields ; in warts, tetters, ring-worms, itch, and clean foul ulcers, diluted
England on the sea-coast or sandy fields, very rare and perhaps with milk it consumes white opaque spots on the eyes. A
a doubtful native. Portland island (Lobel).
decoction of the plant kills the vermin which are sometimes
Var. a, phoeniceum (D. C. syst. 2. 96.) O. H. Chelid. cor-
)
engendered in putrid ulcers in horses.
niculatum, Lin. spec. 724. Mill. fig. 1. t. 143. Glaúcium Great or Common Celandine. Fl. April, Oct. Brit. Pl. 2 ft.
phoníceum, Smith, engl. bot. t. 1433. Fl. græc. t. 489. Chelid. 2 CH. LACINIA'TUM (Mill. dict. no. 2.) peduncles umbellate ;
phoeniceum, Lam. A. fr. 3. p. 169. Chelid. aurantiacum, Sal. leaves pinnate; segments cut into many linear, acute, laciniated
prod. 1. p. 377. Flowers crimson. An elegant plant.
p
lobes ; petals serrated or cut. 2. H. Native of Germany in
Var. B, flaviflorum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 97.) Glaúcium corniculà- hedges. In England about Wimbledon in Surrey; also on the
tum, flore flavo, Stev. in litt. O. H. Native of Tauria by Altaian mountains along the borders of rivulets. Ch. màjus,
way sides. Not distinct from the var. a, except the yellow var. B, Lin. spec. 724. Ch. quercifolium, Will. fl. lorr. 2.
flowers.
p. 613.-Mill. fig. t. 92. f. 2. This plant possesses the same
Horned Poppy. Fl. Ju. Jul. Britain. Pl.foot.
qualities as the last.
4. G. RU'BRUM (Smith, fl. græc. t. 488.) stem pilose; stem Var. B, fumariæfòlium (D. C. syst. 2. p. 99.) lobes of leaves
leaves pinnatifid; capsules rather pilose. 7. H. Native be- cleft into more deep, more irregular, and much more linear lo-
tween Smyrna and Bursa, and also in Rhodes Island by way bules.-Mor. hist. 2. p. 258.
.
sides. Petals of a reddish-copper colour. Capsules beset with Jagged-leaved Celandine. Fl. April, Oct. Brit. Pl. 2 feet.
very soft hairs, at last smooth, never rough with bristles.
3 CH. GRANDIFLORUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 123.) peduncles um-
Red Horn-Poppy. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1828. Pl. 1 foot. bellate ; leaves pinnate ; segments roundish, dentately-lobed ;
5 G. TRICOLOR (Berh. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 203.) leaves petals roundish, crenated. 2. H. Native of Dauria about
lyrately-pinnatifid, rather pilose; pods hairy; petals contiguous, Nerchinsky-savod.
with a broad dark spot at the base of each. O. H. Native of Great-flowered Celandine. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1818. Pl. 2 ft.
Thuringia and Podolia. Like G. corniculatum, var. phoeniceum.
Flowers scarlet with a black spot at the base of each petal.
+ Species not sufficiently known.
Three-coloured-flowered Horn Poppy. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
1829. Pl. foot.
4 Ch. SINE'NSE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 100.) 4. h. H. Native
6 G. PE'RSICUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 97.) leaves glaucous, vel-
of divers provinces in China, but commonly cultivated. Ch.
vety, radical ones pinnate, lower segments smallest, terminal one
majus, Lour, coch. 1. p. 402. From the description of Loureiro
kidney-shaped. ſ. or 4. H. Native of Persia about Tehraun.
it differs from Ch. május by the stems being suffruticose, and
Persian Horn-Poppy. Fl. Ju. Jul.
Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1829. Pl. i to 1 ft.
the peduncles many-flowered, not umbellate. Flower yellow.
Cult. The species of Horn Poppy will thrive well in any
Root long, yellow in the inside, and is, according to Loureiro,
common garden soil; they are easily raised from seeds which
extremely bitter, and greatly esteemed among the natives of
ripen in great abundance; these may be sown where the plants
Cochin-china for a variety of uses in medicine.
are intended to remain. Some of the species are very pretty,
Chinese Celandine. Fl.? Pl. 2 feet.
particularly G. corniculatum, rubrum, fúlvum, trícolor, and Pér-
5 CH. JAPO'NICUM (Thunb. Al. jap. 221.). Native of Japan.
Leaves stalked, pinnate. Flowers yellow, axillary, solitary,
sicum.
stalked. Fruit unknown, therefore it is a very doubtful species.
Japan Celandine. Fl.? Pl. 2 feet.
XII. CHELIDONIUM (from xalidov, chelidon, a swallow;
Cult. The species of this genus thrive well in any common
it is said the plant flowers at the time of the arrival of swallows
garden soil, and they are easily increased by seeds, or dividing
and dries up at their departure) C. Bauh. pin. 144. Gært.
the plants at the root. They grow most freely in damp shady
situations.
fruct. 2. p. 164. t. 115. f. 5. Juss. gen. 236. D. C. syst. 2.
p. 98. prod. 1. p. 122.
Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Sepals 2, smooth. Petals XIII. HYPE'COUM (from ÚTnxew, hypecheo, to rattle ; noise
4. Stamens indefinite. Capsules elongated, 1-celled, 2-valved; of the seeds in the pods when shaken.) Tourn. inst. 230.t. 115.
valves opening from the base to the top; stigma 2-lobed. Lin. gen. 171. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 164. t. 115. Juss.
. gen. 236.
Seeds furnished with a glandular crest. Evergreen perennial Lam. ill. t. 88.
Lam. ill. t. 88. D. C. syst. 2. p. 101. prod. 1. P.
123.
herbs, abounding in an acrid saffron-coloured juice. Leaves LIN. SYST. Tetrándria, Digynia. Sepals 2, lanceolate. Pe-
stalked, pinnate; segments toothed or lobed. Peduncles axil- tals 4, inner ones usually 3-lobed. Stamens 4. Stigmas 2, some-
lary, bearing many 1-flowered umbellate pedicels, which are fur- what stipitate. Capsules silique-formed, 2-valved, transversely
nished each at the base with two little bracteas. Flowers knotted or articulated, with 2 lateral placentas. Seeds solitary
a

PAPAVERACEÆ, XIII. HYPECOUM. FUMARIACEÆ.
139
-
a
in each articulation, alternately fixed on both sides of the pla- 1.), and the rest connected, the 2 exterior ones alternating with the
centas. Embryo filiform, arched. Albumen fleshy.-Small an-
sepals, sometimes both are equally drawn out at the base into a
nual herbs, yielding a yellow juice, which is affirmed to have the
hollow
same effect as opium. Radical leaves, smooth, glaucous, stalked,
spur, or gibbosity, (f. 24. o.) sometimes with the lower
pinnate ; segments pinnately-multifid. Stem, or floral leaf, ses- one flat, and the upper one with a spur, (f. 42. h. k.) or gibbosity
sile, situated under the branches or pedicels. Flowers small, at the base. Stamens 6, connected together into 2 bundles, (f. 42.
terminal, umbellate, yellow.
j. 44. e.) very rarely all free; these bundles appear as if they were
1 H. PROCU'MBENS (Lin. spec. 181.) capsules articulated,
3-anthered filaments, (f. 42.j. 44. e.) or the filament bearing an 8-
compressed, arched; petals 3-lobed, external ones smooth on the
back. O. H. Native of Europe, from Spain to Astracan, in
celled anther, the lateral anthers being 1-celled, the intermediate
sandy places. Lam. ill. no. 1720. t. 88. Schkuhr. handb. 1. ones 2-celled. Ovary 1, (f. 42. c.) constantly of 2-connected car-
p. 90. t. 27. Smith, fl. græc. 155. H. nodòsum. Lam. fl. pels (f. 42. e.). Style filiform (f. 42. i.). Stigma bilamellate, (f. 42.
fr. 2. p. 640. H. arcuatum, Moench. meth. 217. The 2 outer d.). Capsules dry, of various forms, sometimes silique-formed (f.
petals largest. Central segment of the inner petals toothed.
42. e. f. 44. 6.) with opposite valves, and 2 nerve-formed per-
Procumbent Hypecoum. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1596. Pl. foot.
2. H. LITTORA'LE (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 205. icon. rar. 2.
manent placentas at the sutures, many-seeded, sometimes 2-valved
t. 309.) capsules articulated, compressed, arched; petals all en-
2-seeded, with the valves connected and indehiscent, sometimes
tire, linear-spatulate, outer ones pubescent on the back.
O.H.
valveless and 1-seeded, (f. 42. m. n.) from abortion ; sometimes
Native of Carinthia, along the sandy shores of the Adriatic sea ;
baccate, many-seeded, (f. 43.g.p.) Seeds fixed to the lateral pla-
also in Mauritania, along the Mediterranean. Very like H.
centas, (f. 42. g. f. 44. b.), horizontal, ovate-globose, shining,
procumbens.
Sea-shore Hypecoum. Fl. Jun. Jul. Pl. 1 foot.
black, furnished at the base with aril or a caruncle. Albumen
3 H. IMBE'RBE (Smith fl
. græc. 2. p. 47. t. 156.) capsules fleshy.
fleshy. Embryo in the seeds of indehiscent fruit small and
articulated, compressed, arched ; sepals dentately-fringed; petals straight, those in the dehiscent capsules longer and a little arched.
3-lobed, all beardless. O. H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Cotyledons oblong, flat. Herbs yielding a watery juice. Roots
Inner petals half trifid, not 3-parted; lateral lobes oblong,
devaricating
annual or perennial, fibrous or tuberous. Stems annual, herba-
Beardless-petalled Hypecoum. Fl. Jun. July. Pl. foot.
ceous, usually angular. Leaves usually decompound, from the
4 H. PA'TENS (Willd. hort. berl. t. 5.) capsules articulated, cy- petiole being branched, smooth. Racemes terminal, or opposite
lindrical, curved; petals glabrous, outer ones nearly entire, un- the leaves. Bracteas membranous, one under each pedicel, as
guiculate, heart-shaped ; inner ones 3-parted. O. H. Native of
well as furnished with sepal-like bracteoles on each pedicel.
sandy deserts near Alexandria ; plentiful in the peninsula of Rasa
Flowers purple, white, or yellow, emulating those of Polygala.
Otten, and the island of Crete. Mnemosilla Ægyptiaca, Forsk.
ægyp. 122. The two exterior petals are large and unguiculate,
The herbs are bitter and scentless; they are reckoned slightly
broad acute limb, appearing as if it were furnished diaphoretic and aperient. The juice was prescribed by old
prac-
with a lobule on both sides; and hence it is nearly halbert- titioners against obstructions of the viscera and liver, but is more
shaped.
especially used for curing various cutaneous eruptions. This
Spreading Hypecoum. Fl. April, May. Pl. I foot.
order differs from Papaveràceæ, to which it is very closely allied,
5 H. PE'NDULUM (Lin. spec. 181.) capsules knotted, cylindri-
cal, pendulous; petals glabrous, the 2 outer ones ovate-oblong,
in abounding in watery juice, instead of a milky juice, and in
pendulous, the 2 inner ones 3-parted. O. H. Native of Eu-
-
the petals being irregular, usually connected, as well as in the
rope, from Spain to the Caspian Sea, in sandy fields. Mill. fig.
stamens being diadelphous. It differs from Cruciferæ in the
t. 250. f. 1. Petals smooth, pale-yellow, large, oval-oblong, en-
calyx being of 2 sepals, as well as in the structure of the petals
tire, tapering a little towards the base.
and seeds, and disposition of the stamens.
Pendulous-capsuled Hypecoum. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1640.
The plants contained
Pl. . foot.
in Fumariàceæ are all natives of the temperate zones.
6 H. ERE'CTUM (Lin. spec. 181.) capsules not articulated,
erect, compressed; petals glabrous, outer ones wedge-shaped,
Synopsis of the Genera.
somewhat 3-lobed, inner ones trifid ; lateral lobes somewhat 2-
I. DIELY'TRA. Petals 4, the 2 outer equally spurred or gib-
lobed, middle one small. O. H. Native of Dauria, at the bous at the base, (f. 42. o.). Silique 2-valved, many-seeded,
rivers Lelenga, Angara, Kourba, &c.; and beyond the Baikal, (f. 42. i. o. p.).
even unto the mountains of China. Amm. ruth. 58. t. 9.
. This
II. DACTYLICA'pnos. Petals 4, deciduous, (f. 43. a.); the
species has the largest flowers of any in the genus. Sepals small,
lanceolate, pointed.
2 exterior ones sessile, gibbous at the base ; the 2 inner ones on
Erect-capsuled Hypecoum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Pl. long claws, (f. 43. c.). Berries cylindrical-oblong, (f. 43. g.)
1 to 1 foot.
many-seeded, (f. 43. p.).
Cult. The species of this genus only require to be sown in the III. ADLU'MIA. Petals 4, connected together into a monope-
flower border where they are intended to remain.
talous, spongy, permanent corolla, which is not gibbous at the
Order XIII. FUMARIACEÆ. (plants agreeing with Fu-
base, (f. 42. a.) Silique 2-valved, many-seeded, (f. 42. e.)
mària in many important characters.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 105. .
(f. 42. a. b. c. d. e.).
Fumarieæ, D. C. theor. ed. 2. p. 244.
IV. CYSTICA'PNOS. Petals 4, one of which is gibbous at the
Calyx of two small deciduous membranous sepals, (f. 24. o.). base. Capsule bladdery, many-seeded, (f. 42. f. g.).
, fg
Petals 4, (f. 42. h. b.) irregular, usually connected at the base, V. CORY'DALIS. Petals 4, one of which is spurred at the base.
sometimes all free, sometimes only with the lower one free, (f. 42. (f. 44.) Silique 2-valved, compressed, many-seeded, (f. 44. b.).
T 2
with a very

140
FUMARIACEÆ. I. DIELYTRA. II. DACTYLICAPNOS.
VT
VI. SARCOCA'PNOS. Petals 4,
FIG. 42.
but larger in all its parts, of a paler green colour. Root hori-
one of which has a spur at the base,
zontal. Flowers rose-coloured.
(f. 42. h.) Capsule 2-valved, in-
Choice Dielytra. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812. Pl. į foot.
dehiscent, 2-seeded, (f. 42. h. i.j.).
5 D. SPECTA'BILIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 110.) spurs 2, very blunt,
LOU
ventricose, short ; stem leafy ; segments of leaves obovate-cune-
VII. FUMARIA. One of the
pe-
ate, cut. 4. H. Native of Siberia, on the frontiers of China,
tals gibbous or spurred at the base,
and in the north of China. Fumària spectábilis, Lin. amoen. 7.
(f. 42. k.) Capsule indehiscent, 1-
p. 457. t. 7. spec. 953. Capnorchis spectábilis, Börck. in Röm.
seeded, (f. 42. m. n.).
arch. 1. p. 2. p. 46. Corydalis spectàbilis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.
.
VIII. DiscoCA'pnos. One of the
A plant with large showy purple flowers, each nearly an inch
h
petals with an obtuse spur at the
long.
base. Capsule indehiscent, 1-seed-
Remarkable Dielytra. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. Pl. Z ft.
6 D. TENUIFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 110.) spurs 2, very short
ed, flat, girded by a wing in the
and very blunt; scape naked, 1-3-flowered; pedicels shorter than
centre.
the calyx; leaves multifid ; lobules linear.
7
4. H. Native of
Kamtschatka. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 9. f. B. Corydalis tenui-
fòlia, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 462. Root tuberous. Flowers
I. DIELYTRA (from dis, dis, double ; and glutpov, elytron, large in proportion to the plant, pale red, tipped with a more in-
a sheath ; alluding to the two sheath-like spurs at the base of the tense colour.
flower.) Börckh. in Röm. arch. 2. p. 46. D. C. syst. 2. p. 107. Fine-leaved Dielytra. Fl.? May, July. Clt. 1824. Pl. foot.
1 / 2
prod. 1.
p.
125.
7 D. CANADE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 126.) spurs 2, short,
) 2
LIN. Syst. Diadelphia, Hexandria. Petals 4, the 2 exterior blunt; scape naked, simple, few-flowered; pedicels short ; leaves
ones equally spurred or gibbous at the base (f. 42. o.). Stamens multifid; lobes linear; stigma stretched out, 4-lobed. 4. H.
6, altogether free (f. 42. p.), or approximating into two bundles, Native of Canada, about Montreal. Corydalis Canadensis, Gold
or joined at the top (f. 42. g.), and free at the base, (f. 42. p.). in edin. phil. journ. 1822. p. 330. D. exímia, B. Hook, fl. bor.
Capsules 2-valved, many-seeded. Perennial herbs with tuberous, amer. 35. Leaves glaucous. Herb 6-8 inches long. Flowers
horizontal, or fibrous roots. Leaves stalked, multifid, usually all white. Root horizontal.
radical, seldom cauline. Flowers racemose, white or purple. Canadian Dielytra. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. . Pl. I foot.
1 D. CUCULLA'RIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 108.) spurs 2, straight,
8 D. LACHENALIÆTLÒRA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 111.) spurs 2, very
acute; scape naked; raceme simple. 4. H. Native of North Ame- short and very blunt; scape naked, 2-4-flowered ; pedicels longer
;
rica, in rich mould among rocks on the sides of hills, from Canada than the calyx ; leaves multifid ; lobes linear, very acute. 4. H.
to Virginia ; also in the Alleghany mountains, and common on the Native of Siberia, beyond the Baikal, and about Ochotskoi, as
subalpine regions of the Blue mountains, in open woody places.
well as in the islands of the extreme north-west coast of Ame-
Fumaria cucullària, Lin. spec. 983. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1127. rica, and at Behring's Straits. Corydalis Lachenaliæflòra, Fisch.
Corydalis cucullària, Pers. ench. 2. p. 269. Cucullaria bul- in litt. Rud. in mem. sci. petersb. 1. t. 19. Fumària tenuifòlia,
bòsa, Raf. in Desv. journ. bot. 1809. 2. p. 159. Root tuberous, Led. mem. acad. petersb. 5. p. 515. no. 37. Fumària cucul-
of a very bitter taste. Flowers unilateral, white, but yellow at lària, Pall. Flowers fine red, very like those of D. tenuifolia, but
the tip. This plant is aptly called in America Dutchman's smaller. Roots horizontal.
Breeches, alluding to the two horns at the base of the flower. Lachenalia-flowered Dielytra. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1824.Pl. _ft.
1
Var. ß; divaricata (D. C. syst. 1. c.) spurs divaricate. Fu-
9 D. SCA'NDENS (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 198.) spurs 2, very
mària cucullària, Mill. dict. no. 9. Perhaps a proper species. blunt; racemes simple, corymbose, opposite the leaves; leaves
This is the D. cucullària of Hook, Al. bor. amer. 35.
bipinnate; leaflets oval-oblong, mucronulated, smooth, glaucous
Hooded-spurred Dielytra. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731. Pl. beneath, lower ones 2-3-parted; petioles of the primary leaves
|
foot.
profoundly 2-parted, the rest cirrhiferous branches. O. H.
2 D. BRACTEO'SA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 109.) spurs 2, straight, Native of Nipaul. Stem climbing. Perhaps this is Dactylicáp-
acute; stem leafy ; bracteas cut. 24. H. Native of North nos thalictrifolia.
America ? Corydalis bracteosa, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 162. Very
.
Climbing Dielytra. Pl. cl.
like D. cucullària, but differing in its smaller stature, and the Cult. A pretty genus of perennial herbaceous plants. They
lobes of the leaves being fewer, broader, and a little shorter, as thrive best in a light rich soil, and are easily increased by divid-
well as in the bracteas being cut. Root tuberous. Flowers ing the plants at the roots or by seeds. The D. scándens being
white, tipped with yellow.
an annual plant, will only require to be sown in the open border,
Bracieate Dielytra. Fl. May, July. Cult. 1823. Pl. foot. or to be raised on a hot-bed, and afterwards planted out.
3 D. FORMOSA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 109.) spurs 2, short, some-
what incurved, blunt; scape naked; racemes rather compound;
II. DACTYLICA'PNOS (from daktylos, dactylos, a finger;
stigma 2-angled. 4. H. Native of North America, on the cliffs Katvos, kapnos, fumitory, probably in allusion to the divided
of shady rocks, on the tops of the mountains in Virginia, Carolina, tendrils.) Wall. tent. f. nap. p. 51. t. 39.
and Canada; also at Nootka Sound. Fumària formosa, Andr. LIN. SYST. Diadélphia, Hexándria. Petals 4, cruciate (f.
bot. rep. 393. Sims, bot. mag. 1335. Corydalis formòsa, 43. a.) deciduous; the 2 exterior ones sessile, equally gibbous
Pursh A. amer. sept. 2. p. 462. Coryd. biaurita, Horn. hort. at the base (f. 43. b.), the 2 inner ones are on long claws (f.
hafn. 2. p. 668? Roots horizontal. Flowers bright-red. 43. c.). Stamens 5-6, collected into 2 bodies. Stigma 4-lobed
Beautiful Dielytra. Fl. May, Jul. Cult. 1796. Pl. ] foot. (f. 43. f.). Berries cylindrical, oblong (f. 43. g.), many-seeded
4 D. EXIMIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 109.) spurs 2, somewhat in- (f. 43. h.).—A smooth scandent glaucous herb, with the stem
curved, blunt, short, scape naked ; racemes compound; stigma and branches filiform and twisted. Petioles ending in branched
4-angled. 4. H. Native of North America, at Nootka Sound. tendrils. Leaves triternate. Racemes axillary or opposite the
Fumaria exímia, Ker, in bot. reg. 1. t. 50. Corydalis exímia, leaves, on long peduncles. Flowers about 20, large, oblong,
Spreng. syst. 3. p. 162.
162. An elegant plant, very like D. formosa, flattish, nodding, yellow with a rufescent mouth, fragrant, dilated
a

FUMARIACEÆ. III. ADLUMIA. IV. CYSTICAPNOS. V. CORYDALIS.
141
Clive
at the base into two horns or gibbosities. Peduncles filiform ; border, and being climbing plants they should be supported by
pedicels each furnished with a linear bracteole at the base. small dead branches, or allowed to climb up the side of a hedge.
Stem 2-3 feet high. Berries indehiscent, fleshy, soft, pale-violet.
In habit the plant agrees with
V. CORY'DALIS (kopvdalıç, one of the Greek names of
Cysticápnos, but the flowers re-
FIG. 43.
Fumitory; it is derived from kopvdalos, korydalos, a lark, be-
semble those of Dielýtra.
cause the spur of the flower resembles the spur of a lark.)
1 D. THALICTRIFOLIA (Wall. 1.
D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 636. syst. 2. p. 113. prod. 1. p. 126. Pers.
c.) 4? F. Native of Nipaul on
ench. 2. p. 269. Capnoides, Tourn. inst. 423. t. 237.
p
Sheopore (f. 43.).
Lin. syst. Diadelphia, Hexándria. Petals 4, the upper one
Thalictrum-leaved Dactylicap-
of which has a spur at the base (f. 42. h.), sometimes all joined at
nos.
Fl. June, July. Pl. cl.
| the base, sometimes with the lower one free, and the rest joined,
but when they begin to decay, they all become free and deci-
Cult. This singular plant has not
duous. Stamens (f. 44. e.) diadelphous. Capsules 2-valved,
yet been introduced to Britain, it is
compressed, oval-oblong or linear, many-seeded (f. 44. b.).
therefore not ascertained whether it
Smooth, usually glaucous herbs, with ternate or pinnate-cut
would stand the climate without
leaves. Racemes terminal or opposite the leaves, with a bractea
h
protection during winter. It will
under each pedicel. Roots fusiform, tuberous, or fibrous.
no doubt grow freely in a mixture
of loam and peat, and can only be
§ 1. Leonticoides ( a name applied to this section, because the
increased by seeds, or cuttings.
plants it contains resemble Leóntice, which see.) Root fusiform.
-]
Stem simple, bearing 2 opposite leaves.
1 C. VERTICILLA'RIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 114.) stem quite sim-
III. ADLU'MIA (from adlumino, to fringe with purple; ple, 2-leaved ; leaves glaucous, opposite, biternate, lobes or
flowers bordered with purple.) Rafin. in Desv. jour. bot. 1809.
segments linear.
3. H. Native of Persia on Mount Elwend.
2. p. 169. D. C. syst. 2. p. 111. prod. 1. p.
126.
Flowers 8 lines long. Spur of flowers conical-subulate, blunt.
LIN. Syst. Diadélphia, Hexándria. Petals 4, joined into a Flowers small, white ?
permanent monopetalous corolla (f. 42. a.) which is bigibbose
Whorled-leaved Corydalis. Pl. 1 foot.
and spongy at the base. Stamens diadelphous, adnate to the 2 C. OPPOSITIFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 114.) stem quite simple,
corolla at the base (f. 42. 6.). Capsules oval-oblong, 2-valved, 2-leaved ; leaves glaucous, opposite ternate; petioles branched,
many-seeded (f. 42. e.). A smooth delicate climbing herb, with
middle one ternate; segments or lobes ovate. 3. H. Native
tendrilled petioles.
of Syria, between Aleppo and Mossul. Flowers white, an inch
1 A. CIRRHÒsa (Raf. 1. c.) f. H. Native of Canada and long, with a spur 6 lines long.
Carolina in humid shady places in beech woods. Corydalis Opposite-leaved Corydalis. Pl. . foot.
fungòsa, Vent. choix. t. 19. Fumària fungòsa, Ait. hort. kew. 3 C. DIPHY'LLA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. p. 54.) root? stem short,
ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 1. Bicúculla fumarioides, Börck. in Roem. arch. simple, or furnished with 1 axillary flowering branch, bearing 2
. .
,
1. p. 2. p. 46. Capnoides scándens, Moench. suppl. 215. Fu-
2
leaves in the middle ; leaves opposite, stalked, triternate ; seg-
mària recta, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 51. Flowers whitish or ments cuneated, obtuse, deeply 2-lobed or entire ; bracteas linear-
pale-rose-coloured. Seeds 4-6, shining, black.
oblong, cuspidate, large, exceeding the floriferous peduncles,
Tendrilled Adlumia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1788. Pl. cl. but equal with the fructiferous ones. 4.? F. Native of Nipaul
Cult. The seeds of this plant may be sown under a hedge or on mountains about Sirinagur. Flowers yellowish, an inch long,
shrub in a moistish situation, or it may be sown in the open tipped with purple, disposed in racemes about 1 or 2 inches long.
border, with dead branches stuck in around the plants in order Sepals crested. This species probably belongs to the present
to support them, as in the case of
peas.
section.
Two-leaved Corydalis. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 2 feet.
,
4 C. MEIFO‘LIA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. p. 52. t. 41.) herb erect ;
IV. CYSTICA'PNOS (from Kvotis, kystis, a bladder, and kat- root long, fusiform; leaves supra-decompound ; segments ca-
vos, kapnos, one of the Greek names for fumitory; in allusion to pillary; flowers in loose racemes, on long stalks; bracteas decom-
the bladdery capsules.) Börh. lugd. 391. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 161.
. pound, setaceous; siliques much shorter than the peduncles.
t. 115. D. C. syst. 2. p. 112. prod. 1. p. 126.
4. F. Native of Nipaul on Gosaingsthan. Herb smooth,
Lin. syst. Diadélphia, Hexándria. Petals 4, deciduous, the fleshy, erect. Stems tufted. Flowers large, yellow, nodding,
,
upper one of which is gibbose at the base. Stamens diadelphous. resembling those of C. nóbilis. Sepals 2, kidney-shaped, with
Capsules bladdery (f. 42. f.), many-seeded (f. 42. g.), oval- a purple border. Siliques cuneated, compressed, 4-8-seeded.
globose, 2-valved, with the placentas connected by membranous Leaves resembling those of Mèum Athamánticum.
net-work (f. 42. g.). A climbing, smooth, dichotomous, slender Meum-leaved Corydalis. Pl. 1 foot.
herb, with bipinnate leaves, which are tendrilled at the top, and 5 C. LONGIPES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 128. Wall. tent. Al. nap. p.
the segments are 3-lobed. Flowers small, racemose, white, tipped 53. t. 42.) root branched ; stem procumbent or erect, very slen-
with red.
der; leaves triternate ; lobes obovate, a little cut, obtuse; lower
1 C. AFRICA'NA (Gært. 1. c.) O. H. Native of the Cape of bracteas cut ; siliques linear-cuneated, compressed, about equal in
Good Hope. Fumaria vesicària, Lin. spec. 984. Corydalis length to the pedicel. 4. F. Native of Nipaul on Sheopore,
vesicària, Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.
also on Gosaingsthan. Fumària bulbòsa, Thunb. fl. jap. 277.?
African Bladder Fumitory. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1696. Pl. cl. C. bulbosa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 269. Root slender, perpendicular.
2 C. ALEXANDRI'NA (Link, and Ott. in litt.) this plant does Stems angular. Racemes terminal. Flowers secund, yellow;
not appear to differ from the last species. O. H. Native of sepals kidney-shaped, fringed.
Alexandria.
Long-pedicelled Corydalis. Pl. 1 foot.
Alexandrian Bladder Fumitory. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1827. Pl. cl. § 2. Capnūtes. Roots tuberous. Stem simple, bearing a
Cult. The seeds of these plants may be sown in the open few alternate leaves,
a

142
FUMARIACEÆ. V. CORYDALIS.
6 C. RUTÆFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 115.) stem simple, not the species, unless that the flowers are smaller and the lobes of
scaly at the base ; leaves 2, nearly opposite, glaucous, ternate ;
the leaves a little blunter. Native of the north of China on
segments ovate, or with the middle one 3-parted ; bracteas ovate. mountains about Pekin.
4. H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Fumària rutæfòlia, Long-flowered Corydalis. Fl. April, May. Pl. 1 foot.
Smith, fl. græc. t. 667.
fi. t. 667. Flowers yellow ? Spur horizontal, blunt, 12 C. TUBERÒSA (Ď. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 637. syst. 2. p. 117.) stem
callose at the tip, nearly half an inch long, longer than the flower. simple, not scaly ; leaves 2, biternate; segments cuneated,
Rue-leaved Corydalis. Pl. 1 foot.
cleft; bracteas ovate, entire ; root hollow. 2. H. Native of
7 C. DECU'MBENS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem simple, de- Europe, from Sweden to Portugal, in hedges and under trees in
cumbent ; leaves biternate ; lobes wedge-shaped, 3-toothed ; rather humid situations. Fumària cava, Mill. dict. no. 7. Curt.
bracteas ovate, entire ; racemes 3-4-flowered. 4. H. Native bot. mag. 332. Fumaria bulbòsa, Scop. carn. no. 864. Fumaria
of Japan. Fumària bulbosa. Thunb. nov. act. petrop. 12. p. 102. màjor, Roth. germ. 1. p. 300. Corydalis bulbòsa, Pers. ench. 2.
t. A. Fumaria bulbosa, Thunb. jap. 27 ? but not Lin. Flowers p. 69. Corydalis càva, Wahl. helv. 2. p. 126. Flowers hori-
yellow, with the spur the length of the limb.
zontal, purple.
Decumbent Corydalis. Pl. decumbent.
Var. B, albiflòra (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2340.) flowers white.
8 C. PAUCIFLORA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem simple, not Tuberous-rooted Corydalis. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1596. Pl. į ft.
scaly at the base ; leaves biternate, 2 or 3 on each stem under 13 C. FABACEA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem nearly simple,
the middle ; segments 3-parted; lobes obovate; bracteas ovate, erect, scaly under the lower leaf; leaves 3 or 4 stalked, biter-
acute; racemes crowded, few-flowered. 4. H. Native of the nately-cut; segments oblong, bluntish ; bracteas ovate, acute,
Altaian mountains in Siberia, and island of St. Lawrence in Beh- longer than the pedicels; root solid. 4. H. Native of Sweden,
ring's Straits. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 9. f. A. Fumària pauciflòra, Denmark, Germany, Vallais, France, &c. in shady moun-
Stev. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 861. F. Altàica, Ledeb. Flowers tains. Fumària fabàcea, Retz. prod. ed. 2. no. 859. Horn. fl.
purplish; spur thick, incurved at the top, very blunt, rather dan. t. 1394. F. intermèdia, Ehrh. Like C. tuberòsa, but dif-
longer than the tube.
fering in the roots being solid, not hollow. Plant and flowers
Var. B, aquilegifolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 116.) hardly different smaller. Flowers purple.
from the species, except the racemes are 7-8-flowered, and the Bean-like Corydalis. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1815. Pl. & foot.
flowers nearly an inch long. Fumària aquilegifòlia, Patrin. ind. 14 C. CAUCA'SICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 119.) stem very simple,
Var. Y, Altàica (Fumaria Altàica, Led. in mem. acad. peterb. erect, scaly under the lower leaf; leaves 2, biternate ; segments
5. 1815. p. 551.) Flowers pendulous.
cut into linear lobes; bracteas oblong, entire ; racemes rather
Few-flowered Corydalis. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Pl. 6 to 7 loose. 24. H. Native of Caucasus on wooded mountains.
inches, erect.
Fumària fabacea, Bieb. fl
. taur. 2. p. 145. Differing from C.
9 C. MARSCHALLIA'NA (Pers.
FIG. 44.
fabàcea, in the stems being very simple, and bearing only 2
ench. 2. p. 269.) stem simple, not
leaves, not 3 or 4-leaves, and in the segments being cleft into
scaly ; leaves 2, situated above the
linear lobes, not oblong bluntish ones.
middle of the stem, biternate; lobes
Caucasian Corydalis. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1820. Pl. { foot.
oval, entire or bifid; racemes short;
15 C. BULBÒSA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 637.) stem simple, erect,
bracteas ovate. 24. H. Native
scaly under the lower leaf; leaves 3 or 4 stalked, biternate;
of Tauria, also on the mountains
segments cuneated or oblong, and are as well as the bracteas cut
in the Ukraine under trees. Deless.
at the top; root solid. 4. H. Native under hedges and in woods
icon. sel. 2. t. 10. Fumaria
.
in rather humid places ; nearly throughout Europe ; also in
Marschalliana, Pall. nov. act. pe-
Tauria and Siberia; in England about Kendal and other parts of
trop. 10. p. 315. Flowers sul-
Westmoreland ; also at Perry Hall
, near Birmingham ; at Wick-
phur-coloured ; spur straight or
.ham, Hampshire. Fumària sólida, Smith, engl. bot. t. 1471.
hardly incurved, blunt (f. 44.).
Curt. bot. mag. 231. Fumària bulbosa, Mill, dict. no. 8. Fu-
Marschall-Bieberstein's Cory-
mària Hallèri, Willd. prod. no. 704. F. minor, Roth. fl. germ.
dalis. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823.
1.
p. 300. Corydalis digitata, Pers. ench. 2. p. 269. Fumària
Pl. 3 foot.
digitata, Lejeun. fl. spa. 2. p. 89. C. densiflòra, Presl.
. p
Flowers
10 C. AMBIGUA (Cham. in
purplish, seldom white.
Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 558.) stem
Var. B, viridiflora (D. C. syst. 2. p. 120.) flower green ; roots
almost simple, erect, scaly below ; leaves 2-3, biternate; seg- hollow.-Lobel. icon. t. 760. f. 1. Swert. floril. 2. t. 7. f. 4.-
ments oval, obtuse, somewhat cuneated, the first ones on long Bauh. hist. 3. p. 1. p. 205. f. 1.-Morr. hist. 2. sect. 3. p. 261.
petioles ; raceme many-flowered, loose ; bracteas entire ; siliques t. 12. f. 7.
linear, erect. 4. H. Native of Siberia, Kamtschatka, and the Bulbous-rooted Corydalis. Fl. April, May. England. Pl. į ft.
north-west coast of America. Fumària ambígua, Pall. in herb. 16 C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (D, C. syst. 2. p. 120.) stem simple, scaly
Willd. Flowers on long peduncles, yellow, a little nodding; under the lower leaf; leaves 2, stalked, biternate ; segments cleft
spur obtuse, straight. Root a solid tuber (f. 44. f.).
into linear lobes; bracteas deeply-serrated at the apex. 4. H.
Ambiguous Corydalis. Pl. į foot.
Native of Iberia and near Odessa. Fumària angustifolia, Bieb.
11 C. LONGIFLÓRA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem simple, fur- fl. taur. 2. p. 146. Very like C. bulbosa, but differing in the
nished with leafy scales under the leaves ; leaves biternate; seg- lobes of the leaves being much more elongated and truly linear,
ments 3-parted ; lobes oval-oblong; bracteas oblong, entire ; not cuneated or oblong. Flowers purplish.
racemes elongated, 10-flowered ; spur longer than the pedicels. Narrow-leaved Corydalis. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1819. Pl. Z ft.
21. H. Native of Siberia on the Altaian mountains, and on the 17 C. PE'RSICA (Schlecht. in Linnæa. vol. 1. p. 567.) leaves
hills about Zmeof, as well as at Jrtish in saltish fields. Fumaria thrice ternate; leaflets wedge-shaped, sharply-cut ; bracteas en-
Schangini, Pall. act. petrop. 1779. 2. p. 267. t. 14. f. 1 and 2. tire, ovate; capsules nodding. 4. H. Native of Hyrcania.
Flowers pale-purple; spur slender, awl-shaped at the apex, and
,
Flowers purplish?
somewhat incurved, nearly half an inch long.
Persian Corydalis. Pl. 1 foot.
Var. B, caudàta (Lam. dict. 2. p. 569.) hardly differing from 18 C. INCISA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem simple, erect;
au
-
-

FUMARIACEÆ. V. CORYDALIS.
143
24. H.
a
leaves biternate ; segments acutely-cut; bracteas oblong-cuneat- 25 C. PÆONIÆFOLIA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 260.) stem erect,
ed, cut, shorter than the pedicels. 4. H. Native of Japan. branched ; leaves bipinnate"; segments ovate, ultimate ones
Fumària incìsa, Thunb. nov. act. petrop. 12. p. 104. t. D. Dif- lobed; bracteas oblong-linear, acute; capsules ovate.
fering from C. nóbilis, to which it is nearly allied by the teeth of Native of Siberia at the bottom of rocks near the rivers Lena,
the leaflets being acuminated, and the bracteas deeply-toothed, Biela and Jama, also between Jrkoutsk and Ochotskoi. Fumaria
and which are shorter than the pedicels. Flowers yellow; spur pæoniæfòlia, Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 859.-Gmel. Al. sib.
.
straight.
4.
p. 66. t. 34. Flowers large, purple, half an inch long, with a
Cut-leaved Corydalis. Fl. May. Pl. foot.
conical, straight, somewhat acute spur. Trunk of root horizontal?
19 C. BRACTEA'TA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem simple, erect, Peony-leaved Corydalis. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. Pl.ft.
scaly near the base ; leaves 2, biternate ; segments cleft into
;
linear lobes ; bracteas cuneated, profoundly cut at the apex,
$3. Capnoàdes, (plants agreeing in character with C. cap-
longer than the pedicels ; spur straight, long. 2. H.
2. H. Native of
Native of noìdes.) Roots fibrous. Stem branched; stem leaves many, al-
Siberia on the Altaian mountains, and about Zmeof and Salair.
ternate.
Fumaria bracteata, Stev. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 858. Flowers 26 C. GLAU'CA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 463.) stem erect,
sulphur-yellow, horizontal, an inch long ; spur longer than the branched ; leaves bipinnate, glaucous; pinnulæ somewhat pin-
pedicel.
natifid ; segments stalked, cuneated, trifid; bracteas oblong,
Bracted Corydalis. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Pl.foot. acute, shorter than the pedicels; capsules linear. O. H. Native
20 C. GOVENIA'NA (Wall. tent. fl. nap. p. 55.) root ? leaves on rocky declivities of mountains in Canada, also on the Alleghany
all stalked, oblong, bipinnate ; leaflets cuneated, profoundly pin- Mountains. Fumària sempervirens, Lin. spec. 984. Mill
. fig.
.
natifid, linear-oblong, obtuse, ending in an entire or 2-lobed 1.78. Fumaria glauca, Curt. bot. mag. t. 179. C. sempervirens,
point; racemes loose, secund ; bracteas wedge-shaped, deeply Pers, ench. 2. p. 269. Flower mixed with red and yellow, as in
lobed, exceeding the peduncles in length, upper ones lanceolate, Aquilègia Canadensis. Spur blunt one half or 3-times shorter
entire. 2.? G. Native of the East Indies on the mountains of than the corolla.
Gurval. This species seems to be intermediate between C. nó- Glaucous Corydalis. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1683. Pl. 1 or 14 ft.
bilis and C. bracteàta. Racemes rounded or oblong. Flowers 27 C. STRICTA (Steph. ex Fisch. in litt.) stem erect, some-
yellow, crowded exactly like those of C. nóbilis. Sepals kidney- what branched; leaves glaucous, pinnate; segments pinnately and
shaped, toothed. Siliques not seen.
acutely cut; bracteas linear, somewhat shorter than the pedicels;
Goven's Corydalis. Pl. 1 foot.
capsules ovate-lanceolate. 4. H. Native of Siberia. Flowers
21 C. NÓBILIS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 269.) stem simple, erect, not unknown, but they are probably yellow; fructiferous pedicels
scaly; leaves bipinnate ; segments cuneated, cut at the top; a line and a half long, deflexedly-spreading.
bracteas acute, entire or cut. 4.H. Native of Siberia, Altaia, Straight Corydalis. Fl.? Clt. 1825. Pl. foot.
and on the banks of the Kolyvan in shady places. Fumària 28 C. CHÆROPHY’LLA (D.C. prod. 1. p. 128. Wall. tent. Al.
nóbilis, Jacq. vind. t. 116. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1953. Ker. bot. nap. p. 52. t. 40.) stem erect, branched; leaves tripinnatifid,
reg. 395. Flowers pale-yellow, with a long spur, which is blunt glaucous; segments cuneate-obovate, 3-lobed, blunt and mucro-
and incurved at the point. A beautiful plant.
nated; racemes dense, spiked ; bracteas small, acute, lower ones
Var. B, odontophylla (D. C. syst. 2. p. 122.) bracteas all serrated ; capsules obovate-oblong, longer than the pedicels.
ovate, and deeply toothed. Habit slenderer than that of the O.? 4.? Native of Nipaul on Sheopore. Flowers pale, yel-
species.
low, scentless. Sepals fringed, permanent; spur ascending.
Noble Corydalis. Fl. May. Clt. 1783. Pl. foot.
. 3
Like C. lùtea.
22 C. Scoule'RI (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 36. t. 13.) leaf Chervil-leaved Corydalis. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
usually solitary, 3 or 4 times pinnate, longer than the raceme, 29 C. SIBI’RICA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 270.) stem nearly erect,
which is nearly simple ; leaflets obliquely oval or oblong, de- branched ; leaves somewhat glaucous, bipinnate ; segments cut
current entire and lobed; bracteas oblong, longer than the into oblong-linear lobes; bracteas linear, nearly equal in length
pedicels. 4. H. Native of the north-west coast of North
.
with the pedicels; capsules oval, hardly longer than the pedicels.
America in dark shady woods; plentiful near the confluence of 2. H. Native of Siberia in the regions beyond the Baikal, at
the Columbia with the sea. Root thick, woody, with a scaly the rivers Angara and Lena, also in Dauria. Fumària impà-
neck. Flowers pendent, rose-coloured.
tiens, Patrin, ined. Fumaria Sibírica, Lin. fil. suppl. 314.
Scouler's Corydalis. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
-Gmel. sib. 4. p. 65. t. 33. Flowers yellow, usually recurved.
23 C. HAMILTO'NII ; stem simple ; leaves triternate, radical Herb sensible to the touch, according to Patrin.
ones on long stalks ; leaflets 3-lobed ; bracteas 3, sessile, digi- Siberian Corydalis. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
tate ; pedicels terminal, elongated, 1-flowered, somewhat umbel- 30 C. IMPATIENS (Fisch. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 124.) stem some-
late; capsules linear, one half shorter than the pedicels. 4. F. what diffuse, branched ; leaves glaucous, bipinnate; segments
Native of Nipaul at Narain-Hetty C. longipes, D. Don. prod. cut into oblong-linear lobes ; bracteas setaceous linear, nearly
fl.
nep. p. 198. Habit of C. Sibirica. Flowers purple, but yellow equal in length with the pedicels; capsules linear, twice longer
on the inside. Spur straight, very blunt. Plant glaucous, than the pedicels. 0. H. Native of Dauria, and also near
.
smooth.
Kiachta. Fumària impatiens, Pall. itin. ed. min. 3. p. 233 ?
Hamilton's Corydalis. Pl. 1 foot.
Very near to C. glaúca, and especially to C. Sibérica, but differ-
24 C. JU'NCEA (Wall. tent. Al
. nap. p. 54. t. 42.) root ? stem ing in the capsules being elastic, and becoming rolled up when
erect, quite smooth, and simple, 2-3-leaved ; leaves linear-lan- touched. Flowers yellow.
ceolate, quite entire ; racemes elongated ; silique, equal in length Impatient-capsuled Corydalis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
to the pedicels. 4. F.
4. F. Native of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Radical leaves not seen. Flowers yellow, nodding, with purple 31 C. AU'REA (Willd. enum. 740.) stem diffuse, branched ;
mouths; spur cylindrical, obtuse. Šiliques deflexed, compressed, leaves glaucous, bipinnate; pinnulæ pinnatifid and cut; lobes
4-5-seeded. In consequence of the root being unknown it is oblong-linear ; bracteas lanceolate-linear, acuminated, denticu-
doubtful whether this plant belongs to the present section. lated, and are, as well as the linear terete capsules, 4 times longer
Rush-like Corydalis. Fl. Aug. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
3
than the pedicels. 0. 8. H. Native of Pennsylvania, Virginia,
1

144
FUMARIACEÆ. V. CORYDALIS. VI. SARCOCAPNOS. VII. FUMARIA.
and Canada, extending as far north as the Rocky Mountains, on oval, entire ; bracteas oblong, shorter than the pedicels. O. H.
shaded rocks. Fumària aurea, Muhl. in Willd. enum. 740. Ker. Native in bushy, shady, rather hilly situations, on a gravelly,
bot. reg. t. 66. Curt. bot. mag. t. 66. Flowers yellow, half an stony, or sandy soil throughout Europe; England in several
inch long; spur straight, blunt.
places. Fumària claviculata, Lin. spec. 985. Smith, eng. bot.
Golden-flowered Corydalis. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1683. Pl. t. 103. Flowers white, variegated with blue or grey ; spur short,
1 foot.
blunt.
32 C. FLA'YULA (Raf. in Desv. journ. bot. 1808. 1. p. 224.) Claviculate Corydalis. Fl. June, July. England. Pl. 1 to
stem somewhat branched ; leaves glaucous bipinnate ; lobes ob- 4 feet high. Cl.
long-linear ; bracteas ovate, pointed ; capsules linear, torulose,
,
40 C. PAʼLLIDA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 270.) stem branched, decum-
twice the length of pedicels. O. G. H. Native of North Ame- bent; leaves bipinnate ; bracteas acutely-toothed.
4 ? H.
rica, about Philadelphia. Flowers yellow. Calyx small, leafy. Native of Japan. Fumària pállida, Thunb. nov. act. petrop. 12.
Small yellow-flowered Corydalis. Fl. June, July. Pl. { foot. p. 103. t. C. F. lùtea, Thunb. fl. jap. 277. Flowers pale-yel-
33 C? RACEMÒSA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 270.) stem branched, low; spur blunt, longish.
erect; leaves bipinnate; segments ovate, bluntly 3-lobed, toothed; Pale-flowered Corydalis. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
bracteas thrice the length of the pedicels. 4. H. Native of Ja- 41 C. cra'cca (Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa, vol. i. p. 567.)
pan, on rocks and old walls. Fumària racemosa, Thunb. nov. act. stem climbing ; leaves bipinnatifid ; segments obovate, entire, or
petrop. 12. p. 103. t. B. Flowers yellowish; spur short, blunt. cut; petioles tendrilled; bracteas lanceolate, entire, scale-formed,
Perhaps the fruit is monospermous ; if so, it is a true Fumària. equal to the pedicels in length ; racemes sessile; pods pendulous,
Racemose-flowered Corydalis. Fl. June, July. Pl. Z foot. many-seeded. O. H. Native of Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
34 C. CAPNOI'DES (Pers. ench. 2. p. 270.) stem branched, flesh-coloured. Like C. claviculàta.
diffuse ; leaves bipinnate; segments obovate, cuneated, trifid; Cracca-like Corydalis. Pl. cl.
bracteas large, leafy, cut, stalked ; spur awl-shaped, as long as Cult. The species of this genus are all very beautiful; they
the rest of the flower; capsules thrice the length of the pedicels. will thrive well in a light, rich soil. They are very ornamental
O. H. Native of Mauritania and Tangiers, in fissures of rocks, for the front of flower-borders, or they will succeed well in rock-
and on walls. Fumària capnoides, Lin. spec. 984. F. álba, Mill. work; they are increased by dividing the plants, or by seeds;
dict. no. 3.- Pluck. alm. t. 90. f. 2. Flowers white or whitish. the bulbous-rooted species by offsets; the annual kinds by seeds,
Capnos-like Corydalis. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1596. Pl. foot. which may be sown where they are intended to remain. The
35 F. LUTEA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 270.) stem branched, diffuse ; greater part of them will thrive well under trees, if the ground be
leaves biternate ; segments obovate, cuneated, trifid ; bracteas not too dry.
linear-subulate, three times shorter than the pedicel; pods nearly
cylindrical, narrow, shorter than their pedicels. 4.9. Native VI. SARCOCA'PNOS (from oapě oapkos, sarx sarkos, flesh;
of many places in the south of Europe, in the fissures of rocks, Kan vos, capnos, the Greek name for Fumitory; alluding to the leaves
and on old walls; also in England, on old walls, near Castleton, being thick or fleshy.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 129. prod. 1. p. 129.
.
Derbyshire, and near Fountain's Hall, near Fountain's Abbey, LIN. SYST. Diadelphia, Hexándria. Petals 4, free, the upper
Yorkshire. Fumària lùtea, Lin. mant. 258. Eng. bot. 588. one with a short spur at the base. Stamens diadelphous; cap-
Mill. icon. 1. t. 136. f. 1. illus t. 60. Fumària capnoides. With sules 2-valved, indehiscent, 2-seeded; valves 3-nerved, flattish.
620. Capnoides lùtea, Gært. fruct. 2. p. 163. t. 115. f.3. Corý- Perennial branched, somewhat tufted, smooth or pilose herbs,
dalis capnoides ß, D. C. syst. 2. p. 126. Flowers yellow. Leaves with fibrous roots, and short racemes of flowers.
thrice ternate, rather glaucous, green ; segments wedge-shaped, 1 S. ENNEAPHY'LLA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 129.) leaves from the
with rounded lobes.
branched petioles triternate ; segments ovate-orbicular. 21.
Yellow Corydalis.
Corydalis. Fl. May, Sept. England. Pl. 1 foot. H. almost a h. Native of Spain and Portugal in the fis-
36 C. ACAU'LIS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 270.) scapes naked; radical sures or chinks of humid calcareous rocks. Fumaria ennea-
leaves pinnate; segments obovate-cuneated, trifid or ternate. phylla, Lin. spec. 984.
984. Lam. ill. t. 597. f. 4. Corydalis ennea-
O. H. Native of Carinthia. Fumària acaulis, Wulf. in. Jacq.
Fumària acaulis, Wulf. in. Jacq. phylla, D. C. A. fr. supp. p. 587.-Bocc. 2. p. 83. t. 73. Barrl.
.
coll. 2. p. 203. icon. rar. 3. t. 554. Lam. ill. t. 597. f. 3. icon. t. 42. Base of stems somewhat suffruticose. Flowers
Flowers pale-yellow. Spur short.
whitish, tipped with red.—A singular variety of this plant was
Stemless Corydalis. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 foot. gathered about Trillo, in Spain, by Thibaud, with the branches
37 C. URALE'NSIS (Fisch. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 127.) stem and petioles beset with long, soft, distant hairs.
erect, somewhat branched, scarcely longer than the radical leaves; Nine-leaved Sarcocapnos. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1714. Pl.
leaves ternate, on long stalks ; segments 3-parted; lobes some- 1 to 1 foot.
what cut; racemes few-flowered ; bracteas cut at the top. 2 S. crassifo'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 130.) leaves undivided or
4 ? H. Native of the Ural mountains, at Awsan, Petrowsky ternate ; segments ovate.
Native of Mauritania near
Sawod. Habit nearly of C. acaúlis, but very distinct. Flower Tlemsen in the fissures of moist rocks. Fumària crassifolia.
yellow, with a straight slender spur, 6 lines in length.
Desf. alt. 2. p. 126. t. 173. A tufted smooth evergreen herb
.
Ural Corydalis. Fl? Clt. 1823. Pl. foot. .
with pale yellow somewhat corymbose flowers,
38 C. BREVIFLÓRA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 127.) stem branched, Thick-leaved Sarcocapnos. Fl.? Pl. trailing.
diffuse ; leaves biternate ; petioles somewhat tendrilled ; segments Cult. These plants will thrive well in the open border, or in
3-parted into oblong-linear lobes ; bracteas oblong, nearly equal the moist parts of rock-work in a light rich soil; and they may
in length with the pedicels. 0. H. Native of Kamtschatka. be either propagated by dividing the plants at the root or by
This plant is allied on the one side to C. lùtea, and on the other seeds.
to C. claviculàta. Flowers pale-yellow; spur straight, broad,
rather acute, occupying one half the length of the flower.
VII. FUMA'RIA (from fumus, smoke; in allusion to the dis-
Short-flowered Corydalis. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1823. Pl. agreeable smell of the plant. The French, with the same mean-
ing, call it Fumeterre, whence our English Fumitory). Tourn.
39 C. CLAVICULA'TA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 638.) stem branched, inst. p. 422. t. 237. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 162. t. 115. D. C.
diffuse, scandent ; leaves bipinnate; petioles tendrilled ; segments syst. 2. p. 130. prod. 1. p.
129.
4. H.
1 foot.

FUMARIACEÆ. VII. FUMARIA.
145
LIN. SYST,
a
;
Diadélphia, Hexandria. Petals 4, lower one Edmonton, and a few other places near London ; more plentifully
linear free, (f. 42. I.), the 3 upper ones connate at the base, middle about Barnstaple, and elsewhere in Devonshire; about Battersea
one of these with a spur at the base (f. 42. k.). Stamens dia- in fields and garden grounds; in Sussex ; very abundant about
delphous. Capsules indehiscent, 1-seeded (f. 42. m. n.). Style Liverpool ; in Canada near Quebec and in Newfoundland. F.ca-
deciduous. Smooth, slender herbs, with alternate-decompound preolàta, Lightf. fl. scot. 380. Smith, engl. bot. t. 943. F.
leaves. Flowers small, racemose, white, or purplish.
agrària, Lag. cat. hort. madr. 1815. p. 21. This plant is most
Sect. I. PlatycA'pnos (from alatus, platys, broad, karvos,
like F. officinalis, but the leaves are less glaucous and their ten-
capnos, fumitory; broad podded fumitory.) D. C. syst. 2. p.
drils twisting round other plants. Flowers pale, with the tip of
,
131. Pods compressed.
each petal deep red.
1 F. $pica'TA (Lin. spec. 985.) pods compressed, oval, smooth;
Var. f, prehensibilis (Kit. ined. hort. pesth. 1812. p. 10.)
racemes spicate; pedicels much shorter than the bracteas; stems
leaves thickish, almost succulent, shorter than those of the spe-
erect. O. H. Native of the south of Europe in cultivated fields.
cies. Perhaps a proper species. 0. H. Native of Hungary.
-Morr. hist. 2. p. 261. sect. 3. t. 12. f. 11. Leaves glaucous,
Intermediate Fumitory. Fl. Ju. Sep. England. Pl. 3 or 4 ft.
stalked, multifidly-decompound into crowded linear awl-shaped
7 F. OFFICINA'LIS (Lin. spec. 984.) pods globose, retuse;
lobes. Flowers white at the base and purple at the apex.
fructiferous pedicels erect, double the length of the bracteas;
Var. B, aurantiaco-cròcea (D. C. syst. 2. p. 131.) O.H. Na-
racemes rather loose ; stem diffuse ; leaves supra-decompound;
tive of Spain. Distinguished from the species by its smaller
lobes linear. O. H. Native in corn-fields and cultivated land
habit and orange-copper-coloured flowers.
throughout the world ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, eng. bot.
Spiked-flowered Fumitory. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1714. Pl.
t. 589. Mill. icon. 1. t. 136. f. 2. Blackw. herb. t. 237. Fl.
1 or 17 foot.
dan. t. 940. Curt. fl. lond. 2. t. 52. Woodv. med. bot. 241.
2 F. TURBINA'TA (Smith, in D. C. syst. 2. p. 132.) pods com-
t. 88. Sav. mat. med. p. 14. t. 1. f. 2. Mart. fl. rus. t. 68. F.
pressed, turbinate, truncate, striated ; stems somewhat climbing ;
pulchella, Sal. prod. 377. Flowers pale red, deep red at the
summit. The leaves are succulent, saline, and bitter. The ex-
petioles cirrhose at the top. O.? H. Native of the Levant.
F. claviculata, Lin. herb. Flowers racemose, small; perhaps
pressed juice, in doses of 2 ounces, taken twice a-day in whey,
It
purplish ?
is useful in hypochondriacal, scorbutic, and cachetic habits.
Turbinated-podded Fumitory. Pl. 2 feet.
corrects acidity and strengthens the stomach ; Hoffman prefers
3 F. CORYMBO'SA (Desf. act. soc. hist. nat, par. 1. p. 26. t. 6.
it to all other medicines as a sweetener of the blood. There is
fi. atl. 2. p. 124.) pods ovate, compressed, pointed, dotted; ra-
no doubt of its utility in obstructions of the viscera, and the
cemes somewhat corymbose ; frutiferous pedicels, much longer
diseases arising from them. The celebrated Boerhaave frequently
than the bracteas; stems diffuse. 4. H. Native of Algiers
prescribed it in black jaundice and bilious colics. An infusion
of the leaves was used as a cosmetic to remove freckles and
near Tlemsan in the fissures of rocks. F. Africana, Lam. dict.
2. p. 569. Leaves on long petioles, pinnate; segments 5, cut
clear the skin, and Dr. Cullen has experienced its good effects in
or parted ; lobes oblong. Flowers pale at the base and purple
many cutaneous disorders. The same physician thought it useful
as a tonic wherever bitter medicines are advisable.
Corymbose-flowered Fumitory. Fl. Ju, Jul. Pl. procumbent,
Var. ß, grandiflora (D. C. syst. 2. p. 135.) flowers larger and
pale purple. 0. H. Native of Cape of Good Hope. F. offici-
Sect. II. SPHÆROCAPNOS (opaipa, sphaira, a sphere, kan vos, nàlis, Burm. prod. fl. cap. p. 20.
capnos, fumitory; round podded fumitory.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 131.
.
Officinal Fumitory. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. Pl. į foot.
-
Pods globose (f. 42. m.)
8 F. PARVIFLO‘RA (Smith, engl. bot. t. 590.) pods globose,
4 F.CAPREOLA'TA (Lin. spec. 985.) pods globose; fructiferous somewhat mucronated; fructiferous, pedicels erect, longer than
pedicels recurved, longer than the bracteas; racemes oblong ; the bracteas ; racemes loose ; stems diffuse ; leaves supra-de-
stems somewhat climbing ; leaves bipinnate; petioles somewhat compound; lobes linear, channelled. O. H. Native of the
tendrilled. O. H. Native of western and southern Europe in south of Europe, as well as in England in cultivated fields about
the fissures of rocks and among stones.
D. C. icon. rar. 1. t. Woldham near Rochester and near Epsom. It is also a common
34. Savi. mat. med. 14. t. 1. f. 1. Herb procumbent or scan- weed throughout the East Indies. Smith, engl. bot. t. 590. F.
dent. Flowers whitish, tipped with dark-purple ; spur com- spicàta B, Lin. syst. veg. ed. 13. p. 470. F. tenuifolia, Sym.
pressed, blunt, short, mitre-formed.
syn. p. 200. F. Sícula, Pisan. cat. hort. panorm. 1816. Very
Var. B? Burchéllii (D. C. syst. 2. p. 133.) peduncles spread-like . officinàlis but smaller in all its parts. Flowers pale red.
F.
.
ing; fructiferous pedicels double the length of the bracteas. In the East Indies this is a very common weed, it is called in the
Fumària, no. 1298, Burch, cat. geogr. pl. afri. austr. Perhaps Bengalee Bun-sulpha, in Hindostanee Sulpha-saug. It possesses
a proper species. Native of Cape of Good Hope among bushes a bitterish taste. Dr. Whitlaw Ainslie speaks of it in bis Materia
by the sides of rivulets, particularly about the place called Medica of Hindostan, p. 16. under the name of F. officinalis,
Roggeweld's-Karo.
being in use among the Mahomedans as a diuretic, and is em-
Tendrilled Fumitory. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. ? Pl. cl. ployed in maniacal cases, and as a diobstruent. He says it is
5 F. LICHTENSTEINII (Schlecht. Linnæa, 1. p. 569.) stem weak, called Pitpatra in Hindostanee, Shoutra in Persia, Dukhanee
climbing ; leaves bipinnate, tendrilled ; segments lanceolate, cut; and Bucklututmelic in Arabic.
flowers small; deflowered pedicels, capillary elongated, 6-times Small-flowered Fumitory. Fl. Aug. Sept. Engl. Pl. į ft.
1
longer than the bracteas. O. H. Native of Cape of Good Hope. 9 F. LEUCA'NTHA (Viv. fl. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnæa, vol.
Flowers flesh-coloured. Racemes short, crowded, at length 1. p. 502.) pods globose, wrinkled, 1-seeded; flowers in racemose
elongated. Fumària micrántha, Licht. mss. Pods not known. spikes ; leaves supra-decompound, finely dissected into linear
Lichtenstein's Fumitory. Pl. cl.
furrowed lobes. O. H. Native of Corsica and other parts of
6 F. ME'DIA (Lois. not. p. 101.) pods globose, rather de- the south of Europe. F. parviflora, Lam. dict. 11. p. 567. but
pressed ; fructiferous pedicels erect, double the length of the not of Smith. Fumaria foliis tenuissimis, flore albo. Tourn.
bracteas; racemes loose ; stems erect ; leaves supra-decom- inst. 422. Flowers white.
pound; petioles somewhat tendrilled. O. H. Native through- White-flowered Fumitory. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt.? Pl. ; ft.
out Europe in cultivated fields. In England sparingly at 10 F. VAILLA'NTII (Lois. not. p. 102.) pods globose, hardly mu-
.
U
at the apex.
.
VOL. 1.-PART II.

146
FUMARIACEÆ. VIII. DISCOCAPNOS. CRUCIFERÆ.
a
a
cronulate ; fructiferous pedicels erect, longer than the bracteas; those with the short ovary are usually crowned by a short
racemes short ; stems rather erect; leaves supra-decompound; style (f. 51. b.) Stigmas 2, approximate (f. 46. I. g. &c.) or
lobes linear, flat. O. H. Native of France in sandy fields
spreading (f. 46. n. 8c.); siliques (f. 47. f. 8c.) (long pods) or
about Paris, Montpelier, &c. Vaill. bot. par. 56. t. 10. f. 6.
silicles (f. 46. h. fc.) (short pods) usually 2-celled, 2-valved (f.
Very like F. parviflora, but the branches are erect, not spreading
nor procumbent, and the whole plant is more glaucous, and the 46. h. fc.), very rarely 1-celled (f. 47. d. &.c.). The cells are
flowers of a deeper purple colour.
usually separated by a thin dissepiment situated vertically, and
Vaillant's Fumitory. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. ft.
1 /
girded by a placentarious nerve (f. 46. r.). Seeds in each cell, 1
11 F. densiflo'RA (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 113. syst. 2. p. (f. 47.6.) 2 or numerous, (f. 46. 1.) fixed to both sides of the
137.) pods globose ; fructiferous pedicels erect, longer than the
placenta (f. 46. g.) usually pendulous (f. 46. l. f. 47. b. &c.)
bracteas ; racemes dense ; calyx toothed; stems erectish ; leaves placenta (f. 46. g.) usually
supra-decompound, lobes linear, thickish. O.H, Native about rarely solitary from abortion (f. 47. d. h.) always hanging by an
Montpelier in stony fields and on walls. Flowers of an intense umbilical thread, which is usually free (f. 47.6.8c.). Albumen
purple colour but occasionally white.
wanting. Embryo oily, curved. Radicle terete, tending to the um-
Dense-flowered Fumitory. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft.
bilicus. Cotyledons 2, opposite (f. 45.j.), inclining various ways
+ A species not sufficiently known.
above the radicle, which are explained in the characters of the
12 F. MICRA'NTHA (Lag. cat. hort. madr. p. 21.) O. H. Na- tribes.
tive of Spain in fields near Tudela and about Murcia. Leaves This order consists of annual, perennial or biennial herbs, rarely
pinnately-decompound, linear, very narrow; calyx cordate-
suffrutescent, stems, however, never exceeding the height of three
rounded, broader than the tube of the corolla (Lag.). Flowers
pale purple.
feet, the perennials have thick roots, the biennials and annuals have
Small-flowered Fumitory. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. slender roots, usually perpendicular and undivided. The young
Cult. The species are mostly weedy-looking plants, and are roots are tipped with a little sheath, called the Coleorhiza, which
scarcely worth cultivating. The annual kinds should be sown
is produced by the extended ruptured coat of the epidermis, when
in the open border, and treated as other hardy annuals, except
the rootlets first appear. The stems are round and somewhat
F. mèdia, capreolàta, and turbinata, which are really worth cul-
tivating, these should be sown under a hedge, where they will
angular, branched, and often, even in the annual species, indurated
climb up and make a very beautiful appearance. F. corymbosa
at the base. The branches rise from the axillæ of the leaves,
will do well if planted in rock-work.
but the uppermost ones are abortive in the annual species. Ra-
VIII. DISCOCA'PNOS (dlokos, discos, a disk ; karvos, kap-
cemes usually opposite to the leaves, sometimes the terminal
nos, the Greek name for Fumitory; wing in the centre of orbi-
branch is abortive, when the raceme appears to be terminal, but
cular flat capsule). Schlecht. in Linnæa 1. p. 569.
this is merely owing to that circumstance. The leaves are sim-
Lin. syst. Diadélphia, Hexándria. Flowers of Fumaria.
Flowers of Fumaria. ple, usually radical or alternate, rarely opposite, as in Eunònia
Capsule orbicular, flat, membranous, with a nerve running through
and Lunària, feather-nerved, entire toothed, pinnatifid, lyrate or
the middle on both sides from the base to the style, mucronate,
1-celled, girded by a wing in the centre, perepheric, indehiscent, variously dissected, the lower ones usually stalked, the upper-
1-seeded. Seed lenticular, compressed, finely granulated, shin-
most ones sessile. Flowers white, yellow, or purple, but in
ing. This genus differs from Fumaria, Sect I. Platycápnos, in some species of Helióphila they are blue; they are mostly sweet-
the fruit being membranous, and girded by a wing. A glaucous scented, and easily changed to double. Flowering racemes at
herb, with bipinnate-tendrilled leaves; segments wedge-shaped,
first sub-corymbose (f. 49.), at length much elongated (f. 51.).
cut. Racemes opposite the leaves, stalked, 5-8-flowered. Flowers
red, with an obtuse spur.
This order differs from Papaveràceæ and Fumariàceæ in the
1 D. MU'NDTII (Schlect. 1. c.) O. H. Native of Cape of Good calyx being of 4 sepals, not 2, as well as in the seeds being des-
Hope. Fumaria Múndtii, Spreng. syst. app. p. 264.
titute of albumen. It differs from Resedàceæ in the seeds being
Mundt's Discocapnos. Fl. Aug. Pl. cl.
furnished with an umbilical cord, from Datísceæ in the seeds
Cult. This plant only requires to be sown in the open ground being destitute of albumen, and from Capparideæ in the receptacle
in April, and treated as other hardy annuals.
not being hemispherical nor elongated, as well as in pods being
ORDER XIV. CRUCI'FERÆ (from crux, crucis, a cross, furnished with a dissepiment, and in the very different habit of the
and fero, to bear ; in allusion to the four petals being disposed plants, and the disposition of the stamina. The plants contained
cross-wise). (f. 45. o. f. 48. e. f. 49. a. f. 50. 6.) Juss. gen. 237. . in this order are chiefly confined to the temperate zones; their
D. C. syst. 2. p. 139. prod. 1. p. 131.
139. prod. 1. p. 131. Adans. fam. 2.
p.
409. station is variable, many inhabit open sandy places, some form
Calyx of 4 sepals (f. 45. n. f. 50. c.). Petals 4, alternate with the vegetation about the limits of perpetual snows of lofty moun-
the sepals, disposed cross-wise, constantly distinct and free (f. tains, and many follow the footsteps of man through all parts of
45.o. f. 51. e.). Stamens 6, (f. 45. h. g. f. 49. e.c.) the two in the world. The seeds of all the species retain their vegetative
front of the lateral sepals are solitary, and shorter than the rest power a considerable time, therefore they may be introduced in
(f. 45.
g.
f. 49. c. f. 51. c.) and are inserted lower down, the 4 a living state from any part of the world.
longest approximate in pairs (f. 45.g. f. 49. e. f. 50. a.) in front of The plants of this class have always been celebrated for
the other sepals. Anthers 2-celled, bursting inwards (f. 49. e.). their anti-scorbutic qualities. These seem to reside in an acrid
Receptacle small, bearing a few glands between the stamens and oily volatile principle, and varying in the degree of abundance
the petals. Carpels 2, c'osely connected together by one pistil in which it is found in different species. It is particularly abun-
(f. 47. f. m. &c.). Ovary 1 (f. 49. d.) short, or elongated, dant in the seeds of mustard and garden-rocket, in the roots of
.
a

CRUCIFERÆ.
147
ml
7
op
horse-radish, and in the leaves of Lepidium latifolium which ad- nivent, thickened or horned on the back (f. 48. b.). Calyx
ministered act powerfully upon the gastric organs, or applied ex- besaccate at the base.
ternally inflame the skin and operate nearly as severely as blis- 2 Cheira’nthus. Silique terete or compressed. Stigma 2-
ters. A slighter degree of acrimony is found in the scurvy-grass, lobed or capitate. Calyx besaccate at the base.
and the roots of the garden-radish, &c. and these therefore 3 NASTU'RTIUM. Silique rather terete, short, or declinate.
operate more gently and perhaps more safely when eaten, and Stigma somewhat 2-lobed. Calyx equal at the base, spreading.
scarcely at all when applied to the skin. Whatever may be the 4 LEPTOCARPÆ'A. Silique rather terete, very slender. Stigma
degree of acrimony in these plants, they all appear when eaten to sessile, 2-lobed. Calyx spreading, equal.
produce some specific action upon the digestive organs, and thence 5 NOTO'CERAS. Silique tetragonally 2-edged; each valve
upon scorbutic humours, for which reason the horse-radish, ending in a mucrone or horn at the top (f. 46. a.).
water-cress, garden-radishes, and even cabbages are eminently 6 BARBARE'A. Silique tetragonally 2-edged; valves without
anti-scorbutic. They are also admitted by physicians as diuretic, a mucrone or horn at the top. Calyx equal at the base.
sialogogue, and diaphoretic. It is only when the acrid principle
FIG. 46.
is diffused over a considerable quantity of fleshy and watery sub-
h
stance that cruciferous plants become eatable, as in the leaves and
stems of cabbages, cauliflowers, and sea-kale, and in the roots of
radishes and turnips. It is to be remarked that cruciferous plants
are always eatable when their texture is succulent and watery.
Even in these plants the proportion of acrid principle is much di-
minished by exclusion from light. Plants of this order are also
remarkable for containing a greater quantity of azote than most
vegetables, for which reason ammonia is generally evolved in their
fermentation or putrefaction, to which circumstance it is possible
A
that the two remarkable phænomena are to be attributed, viz.
7 STEVE'NIA. Silique oblong, few-seeded, narrowed between
that cruciferous plants contain a greater portion of nutritive
the seeds (f. 46. b.); valves flat, somewhat torulose. Calyx
bisaccate at the base.
matter than most herbaceous plants, and that they require either
a very rich soil, manured with animal substance, or at least a 8 BRA'YA. Silique oblong, somewhat cylindrical, with flattish
situation near the habitation of men. The embryos of all these
valves and a sessile stigma. Seeds few, ovate. Calyx equal at
plants are filled with oil, and the seeds of Camelina sativa, Brassi-
the base. Cotyledons perhaps incumbent.
ca campestris, var. oleífera, some species of Rocket, &c. are culti-
9 TURRI'TIS. Silique linear ; valves flat. Seeds in 2 rows in
each cell.
vated in many parts of Europe for the sake of their expressed
oil, which is used either for culinary purposes or for lamps.
10 A'RABIS. Silique linear ; valves flat, with a nerve in the
middle of each. Seeds in one row in each cell.
(Decandolle, syst. 2. p. 143 and 144.)
Synopsis of the Genera.
FIG. 45.
11 OUDNE'YA. Silique sessile, linear, beaked ; valves flat,
with a nerve in the middle. Seeds in 1 row. Stigmas connate,
SUBORDER I. PLEURORHI'-
0
distinct at the top. Calyx closed, bisaccate at the base.
ZEÆ. D. C. syst. 2. p. 146.
12 MACROPO'DIUM. Silique linear, stalked; valves flat, with
prod. 1. p. 132.
a nerve in the middle.
Cotyledons flat, accumbent (f.
13 CARDAʼMINE. Silique linear ; valves flat, nerveless, usually
46. c. f. 45. g.). Radicle lateral
(f. 45. h. g. d.). Seeds compressed
separating with elasticity. Umbilical cord slender.
14 PTERONEU'RUM. Silique lanceolate; valves flat, nerveless,
(f. 46. g. h.).
9
usually separating with elasticity. Placentas with nerved wings.
Umbilical cord dilated.
1 (9
15 DENTA`RIA. Silique lanceolate ; valves flat, nerveless,
usually separating with elasticity. Placentas not winged, Um-
bilical cord dilated.
16 PA'RRYA. Silique broad-linear; valves flat, more or less
TRIBE I.
distinctly veined. Seeds with broad margins,
Seeds with broad margins, disposed in some-
ARABIDEÆ or PLEURORHI'ZEÆ. Siliquose. D. C. syst. 2. p.
thing like 2 rows. Umbilical cord adnate to the dissepiment above.
146. prod. 1. p. 132.
Lobes of stigma approximate. Calyx bigibbous at the base.
.
Silique dehiscent, with a linear dissepiment, which is, more or
TRIBE II.
less, broader than the seeds ( f. 46. 6.). Seeds oval, compressed,
usually margined. Cotyledons flat, accumbent (f. 46. c. f. 45.g. ALYSSINEÆ or PLEURORHIZEÆ LATISE'PTÆ, D. C. syst. 2.
d. h.), parallel with the dissepiment,
p. 147. prod. 1. p. 156.
1 MATHI'OLA. Silique somewhat cylindrical. Stigmas con- Silicle opening longitudinally; dissepiment broad-oval, mem-
0
in
ch
U 2

CRUCIFERÆ.
148
branous ; valves flat or concave. Seeds compressed, usually mar- 33 Dra'ba. Silicle sessile, oval or oblong (f. 46.j.); valves
gined (f. 46.g. h.). Cotyledons flat, accumbent, parallel with flat or convex (f. 46.j.). Seeds numerous, immarginate (f. 46.
the dissepiment (f. 46. c. f. 45. g. d.).
j.). Calyx equal. Petals entire. Stamens all toothless.
17 LUNA'RIA. Silicle stalked, elliptical or lanceolate ; valves 34 Ero'PHILA. Silicle oval or oblong; valves flat. Seeds
;
flat. Umbilical cord long, adhering to the dissepiment. Calyx numerous, immarginate. Calyx equal. Petals 2-parted. Sta-
somewhat bisaccate at the base. Petals quite entire. Stamens mens toothless.
toothless.
35 Cochlea'RIA. Silicle sessile, ovate-globose or oblong;
18 Rico'tiA. Silicle sessile, oblong, adult ones 1-celled, in valves ventricose. Seeds numerous, immarginate. Calyx equal,
consequence of the dissepiment having vanished ; valves flat. spreading, Petals entire. Stamens toothless.
Calyx valvular, bigibbous at the base. Petals emarginate.
TRIBE III.
Stamens toothless.
THLASPIDEÆ or PLEURORHIZEÆ ANGUSTISE'PTÆ (D. C. syst.
19 FARSE'TIA. Silicle sessile, oval (f. 46. g.), or oblong ;
2. p. 248. prod. 1. p. 175.) Silicle dehiscent, with a very narrow
valves nearly flat (f. 46.g.); dissepiment 1-nerved, veiny; seeds
winged (f. 46.g.) Calyx closed, hardly bisaccate at the base.
dissepiment (f. 46. k. l.) and keeled navicular valves (f. 46. k. l.
m. n.). Seeds oval (f. 46. 1.) sometimes margined (f. 46. n.).
Petals entire. Funicle free. Filaments toothless. Anthers linear.
20 KONI'GA. Silicle sessile, somewhat ovate, with flattish
Cotyledons flat, accumbent, contrary to the dissepiment (f. 46. k.
f. 45. a. d.).
valves and 1 or many-seeded cells ; funicle adnate to the base
of the dissepiment. Seeds usually marginate. Calyx spread-
§ 1. Cells of silicle 2 or many-seeded.
ing. Petals quite entire. Filaments toothless.
36 TALA'SPI. Silicle emarginate at the apex (f. 46. k. l.);
21 BERTERO'A. Silicle sessile, elliptical or obovate ; valves valves navicular, winged on the back (f. 46. k. l.); cells 2 (f. 46.
flat or concave. Calyx equal at the base. Petals 2-parted. k.) or many-seeded (f. 46. l.).
Lesser stamens toothed.
37 HuchinSIA. Silicle elliptical ; valves navicular, wingless ;
22 AUBRIE'TIA. Silicle oblong ; valves convex. Seeds not cells 2, rarely many-seeded.
margined.
. Calyx bisaccate at the base. Petals entire. Lesser 38 TEESDA'LIA. Silicle oval, emarginate at the apex; valves
stamens toothed.
navicular ; cells 2-seeded. Stamens each furnished with a scale
23 Vesica'riA. Silicle globose, inflated ; valves hemispheri- on the outside at the base.
cal. Seeds numerous (beyond 8). Petals entire.
39 PLATYSPE'RMUM. Silicle oblong, crowned by the short
24 SCHIWERE'CKIA. Silicle ovąte; valves convex, somewhat thick style; valves navicular ; cells 4-5 seeded. Seeds with a
depressed lengthwise in the middle. Seeds numerous. Calyx broad margin.
equal at the base. Petals entire. Larger stamens toothed.
§ II. Cells of silicle 1-seeded.
25 ADYSE' TON. Silicle roundish, pointed with the style, with
compressed valves. Seeds 2 in each cell, or sometimes solitary
40 IBE'Ris. Two outer petals largest. Silicle much com-
from abortion. Calyx equal at the base. Petals emarginate. pressed, truncately emarginate
.
. .
41 THYSANOCA'RPUS. Petals shorter than the sepals, equal.
Stamens all or some of them toothed.
Silicle much compressed, with a broad wing round the margin,
26 ALYSSUM. Silicle roundish, with a convex disk and a
emarginate at the apex.
retuse apex; funicle adhering to the base of the dissepiment.
42 BISCUTE'LLA. Silicle flat, biscutate (f. 46. m.); cells ad-
Seeds 2 in each cell, with membranous wings. Calyx equal at
nate laterally to the axis ; style long, permanent (f. 46. m.).
the base. Petals emarginate. Stamens all or some of them toothed.
27 ONODO'NTEA. Silicle orbicular (f. 46. h.) or elliptical ;
Embryo inverted.
43 MEGACARPÆ A. Silicle flat, biscutate; cells adnate la-
valves flat or convex in the centre, somewhat inflated (f. 46. h.). terally to the axis. Style wanting.
Seeds 2-4 in each cell (f. 46. h.). Calyx equal at the base. 44 CREMO'LOBUS. Silicle flat, biscutate ; cells marginate,
Stamens all toothless.
28 Disco'vium. Silicle lenticular, with an entire dissepiment hanging from the top of the axis. Style somewhat pyramidal.
,
. Silicle somewhat stipitate, biscutate ;
and keeled valves and many-seeded cells. Style permanent ; cells (f. 46, n.) with the margin expanded into a wing, ending
stigma blunt. Calyx closed. Cotyledons accumbent ?
in the parallel disk (f. 46. n.).
29 Meniòcus. Silicle sessile, elliptical ; valves flat. Seeds
6-8 in each cell. Calyx equal. Petals entire. Larger stamens
TRIBE IV.
toothed.
Eclidie'Æ or PLEURORHI'ZEÆ NUCUMENTACEÆ (D. C. syst.
30 CLYPE'OLA. Silicle orbicular, 1-celled, 1-seeded ; valves 1. p. 149. prod. 1. p. 184.). Silicle indehiscent (f. 46. d.);
flat. Calyx equal. Petals entire. Stamens toothed.
valves concave, indistinct (f. 46, d.) or not separating ; dissepi-
31 PELTA' RIA. Silicle orbicular, 1-celled, in consequence of ment elliptical, sometimes with scarcely any trace of a dissepi-
the dissepiment having vanished, 1 (f. 46. i.) or 4-seeded ; ment. Seeds oval, very few. Cotyledons flat, accumbent, parallel
valves flat. Calyx equal. Petals entire. Stamens toothless. with the dissepiment (f. 45. d. g. h.).
32 PETROCA'Llis. Silicle sessile, oval; valves flattish. Seeds 46 Eucli'dium. Silicle drupaceous, ovate, with the sutures
2 in each cell. Umbilical cord adhering to the dissepiment. manifest ; style awl-shaped (f. 46. d.). Cells 1-seeded (f. 46. d.).

CRUCIFERÆ.
149
g. h.).
47 OCHTHÒDIUM. Silicle coriaceous, somewhat globose ; stig- 61 STANLE'YA. Silique rather terete, stalked above the torus.
ma sessile ; dissepiment thick ; cells 1-seeded.
;
TRIBE VIII.
48 PUGIÒNUM. Silicle coriaceous, transversely oval, echinat-
ed all over, and terminated by a long point, 1-celled and 1-
CAMELINEÆ or NOTORHIʼZEÆ Latise'PTÆ (D. C. syst. 2. p.
seeded from abortion.
150. prod. 1. p. 201.). Silicle with concave valves and an ellip-
tical dissepiment in its greatest diameter (f. 46. r.). Seeds
TRIBE V.
ovate. Cotyledons flat, incumbent, contrary to the dissepiment (f.
ANASTATICEæ or PLEURORHI’ZEÆ SEPTULA'TÆ (D. C. syst.
45. i.).
2. p. 149. prod. 1. p. 185.). Silicle opening longitudinally (f. 46. 62 STENOPE'TALUM. Silicle elliptical; valves flat; cells
f.); valves concave, bearing on the inside transverse horizontal many-seeded. Style wanting.
small dissepiments, separating the seeds (f. 46. f.). Seeds im- 63 CAMELI'NA. Silicle obovate or almost globose, with ven-
marginate. Cotyledons flat, accumbent, parallel with the dis- tricose valves, and many-seeded cells (f. 46. r.). Style filiform
sepiment (f. 45. d.
(f. 46. r.).
49 ANASTA'TICA. Silicle ventricose (f. 46. e.); valves appen- 64 EUDE'MA. Silicle ovate, with concave valves and many-
diculated on the outside at the top (f. 46. f. e.).
seeded cells, with the dissepiment holed at the top.
50 More’TTIA. Silicle ovate ; valves not appendiculated. 65 NE'slia. Silicle somewhat globose, indehiscent, 1-celled,
NE'SLIA
1-seeded, from the dissepiment having vanished; valves con-
TRIBE VI.
cave,
CAKILI'NEÆ or PLEURORHIZEÆ LOMENTA'CEÆ (D. C. syst. 2.
66 Eutre'ma. Silicle linear, lanceolate, 2-edged, crowned
p. 149. prod. 1. p. 185.), Silique or silicle, separating trans-
by a capitate stigma, with keeled valves and many-seeded cells;
versely into 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded joints (f. 46. o.). Seeds im-
dissepiment incomplete.
marginate. Cotyledons flat, accumbent, parallel with the dissepi-
67 O'Reas. Silicle lanceolate, compressed, flat, 1-celled from
ment (f. 45. d. g. h. f. 46. c.).
the dissepiment having vanished, many-seeded; valves flattish,
51 Caki'le. Silicle 2-jointed, compressed (f. 46. o.), upper marked with a middle nerve. Seeds hanging by elongated
joint ensiform. Seeds solitary in the cells, upper one erect, funicles.
lower one pendulous (f. 46. o.).
52 CORDYLOCA'RPUS. Silique rather terete, torose ; joints
FIG. 47.
numerous, terminal one thick globose, echinated. Seeds all
pendulous.
-I
53 CHORI'SPORA. Silique rather terete, with numerous equal
joints. Seeds all pendulous.
Moda
LJUD ODVODOVODERS
LASTEL!
Suits
k
Z
he
JOOOOOCS
-n
12
SUB-ORDER II. NOTORHI'ZEÆ (D. C. syst. 2. p. 150.
prod. 1. p. 186.). Cotyledons flat, incumbent (f. 45. i.). Radicle
p.
dorsal (f. 45. i. e.). Seeds ovate, immarginate.
TRIBE VII.
Sisy'MBREÆ or Notorhi’ZEÆ SILIQUÒSÆ. Siliques 2-celled,
TRIBE IX.
opening longitudinally (f. 46. p.). Valves .concave (f. 46. p.) or
keeled. Seeds ovate or oblong, immarginate. Cotyledons flat, LEPEDI'NEÆ or NOTORHIʼZEÆ ANGUSTISE'PTÆ (D. C. syst. 2.
incumbent, contrary to the dissepiment (f. 45. i.).
p. 151. prod. 1. p. 202.). Silicle with a very narrow dissepi-
54 MALCOMIA. Silique rather terete. Stigma simple, end- ment; valves keeled (f. 47. a. b.) or very concave.
Seed soli-
ing in a long taper-point.
tary in the cells (f. 47. a. b.) or very few, ovate, immarginate.
55 He'sPERIS. Silique rather terete, or somewhat tetragonal Cotyledons flat, incumbent, parallel with the dissepiment (f. 45.
(f. 46. p.). Stigmas 2, erect, connivent. Calyx bisaccate at the i.).
)
base.
68 CAPSE'LLA. Silicle triangular, cuneated at the base, with
56 ANDREO'SKIA. Silique rather terete, sessile ; valves some- wingless navicular valves. Seeds numerous in the cells.
what convex. Style short, slender. Calyx equal at the base. 69 SENEBIE'RA. Silicle twin; valves ventricose, or somewhat
57 Sist'MBRIUM. Silique rather terete, sessile upon
the
keeled, almost indehiscent, 1-seeded.
torus. Stigmas 2, rather distinct, or connate into a head. Calyx 70 LEPIDIUM. Silicle ovate (f. 46. a.) or somewhat cordate;
equal at the base.
valves keeled (f. 47. a.), rarely ventricose, dehiscent; cells 1-
58 ALLIA'RIA. Silique rather terete, somewhat tetragonal seeded (f. 47. a.).
from prominent nerves. Calyx loose.
71 Bivon£'a. Silicle oval, emarginate, with keeled valves,
59 Ery'sIMUM. Silique tetragonal (f. 46. q.). Calyx closed.
.
and 4-6-seeded cells.
60 LEPTA'LEUM. Silique rather terete, sessile. Stigmas 2, 72 EUNOMIA. Silicle oval; valves keeled. Seeds 2 in each
connivent. Calyx equal at the base. Stamens 4.
cell, with the umbilical cords somewhat connected,

150
CRUCIFERÆ.
73 ETHIONE'MA. Silicle oval, usually emarginate, with na- 85 MORICA'NDIA. Silique tetragonal, somewhat 2-edged. Seeds
vicular valves (f. 47. 6.) and 1 (f. 47. 6.) or 2-seeded cells. disposed in two rows. Calyx bisaccate at the base.
bb)
Larger stamens either united or toothed.
86 DIPLOTA’xis. Silique compressed, linear (f. 47.g.). Seeds
74 REDO'wskia. Silicle inflated, tapering into the pedicel at disposed in 2 rows (f. 47.g.). Calyx equal at the base.
the base, terminated by the style, 1-celled from the dissepiment 87 ERU'CA. Silique almost terete, crowned by a large coni-
having vanished; valves with a nerve running along their middle. cal or ensiform style. Seeds in one row.
Seeds in one row. Calyx equal at the
Seeds 8-10. Cotyledons unknown.
base.
TRIBE X.
TRIBE XIII.
ISATI'DEÆ or NOTORHIZEÆ NUCUMENTACEA (D. C. syst. 2. VE'LLEÆ or OrthorLÒCEÆ LATISE'PTÆ (D. C. syst. 2. p. 152.
p. 151. prod. 1. p. 209.). Silicle 1-celled from the dissepiment prod. 1. p. 223.). Silicle with concave valves, opening lengthwise
.
having vanished, 1-seeded, with indistinct or indehiscent keeled
and an elliptical dissepiment (f. 47.c.). Seeds globose. Cotyle-
valves (f. 47. d.). Seeds ovate-oblong. Cotyledons flat, incum-
).
dons folded together (f. 45.j. f.).
bent, apparently in the same direction as the dissepiment should 88 VE’LLA. Larger stamens connate. Style ovate, flat, at the
be.
top of a tongue-shaped silicle.
75 APHRA'GMUS. Silicle lanceolate, acute, with flat nerved
89 BÒLEUM. Larger stamens connate. Style slender, some-
valves, without any dissepiment. Seeds in 2 series, pendulous.
what conical at the top of a beak-formed silicle.
Cotyledons thick.
90 CARRICHTE'Ra. Stamens all free. Style ovate, flat, leafy
76 Tausche'RIA. Silicle oval, almost boat-shaped, 1-celled, (f. 47. c.).
1-seeded, with navicular indehiscent valves.
91 SuccòWIA. Stamens all free. Style slender, conical.
77 Isa'tis. Silicle elliptical, flat, 1-celled, 1-seeded; valves Valves of silicle echinated.
keeled, navicular, hardly dehiscent (f. 47. d.).
92 Savi'GNYA. Silicle sessile, elliptical ; valves rather convex.
78 MY'AGRUM. Silicle compressed, almost cuneated, with Umbilical cord short, free. Calyx valvular in the bud, equal at
two empty hollows at the top, and 1-celled 1-seeded at the base. the base. Petals entire. Stamens toothless. Seeds imbricate,
79 SOBOLE'WSKIA. Silicle oblong, compressed, 1-celled, 1.
in two rows. Cotyledons conduplicate. (R. Brown.)
seeded, valveless, membranous.
TRIBE XIV.
TŘIBE XI.
ANCHONIE'w or NotoRHÍZEÆ LOMENTACEA (D. C. syst. 2.
PSYCHI'NEÆ or ORTHOPLÒCEÆ ANGUSTISE'PTÆ (D. C. syst. 2.
p. 153. prod. 1. p. 224.). Silicle with keeled (f. 47.j.) or navi-
p. 152. prod. 1. p. 212.). Silicle or silique separating trans-
cular valves, and a very narrow dissepiment. Seeds compressed.
versely into 1-seeded joints (f. 47. e.). Cotyledons flat, incum-
Cotyledons folded together (f. 45. f.j.).
bent (f. 45. i.).
93 ScHÒUWIA. Silicle oval; valves furnished with a narrow
80 GOLDBA'CHIA. Stamens free. Silique 2-jointed, with hard-
wing on the back, their whole length.
ly any style.
81 ANCHO'NIUM. Larger stamens, connate. Silique 2-joint-
94 PsycuI'NE. Silicle as if it were triangular, narrowed at
ed, crowned by the beak-like compressed style (f. 47. e.).
the base ; valves furnished with a wing on their back at the top
(f. 47.j.).
82 STERI'GMA. Larger stamens connate to the middle (f. 50.
a.). Silique rather terete, at length separating into many joints.
TRIBE XV.
SUB-ORDER III. ORTHOPLO'CEÆ. (D. C. syst. 2. p.
Zillex or ORTHOPLÒCEÆ NUCAMENTA'CEÆ (D. C. syst. 2. p.
152. prod. 1. p. 213.) Cotyledons incumbent, folded together celled, 1-seeded (f. 47. i.). Valves indistinct (f. 47. i.). Seeds
153. prod. 1. p. 224.). Silicle indehiscent, ovate, or globose, 1-
or plaited lengthwise through their middle, and inwrapping the
radicle in the recess (f. 45.j.f.). Style usually enlarged, with a
globose. Cotyledons folded together (f. 45. f. j.).
cell and seed at its base. Seeds generally globose, always im-
95 ZI'LLA. Silicle 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
!
96 MURICA'RIA. Silicle 1-celled, 1-seeded (f. 47. i.). Seed
marginate.
inserted laterally. Petals equal.
TRIBE XII.
97 CALEPINA. Silicle 1-celled, l-seeded.
Seed hanging
BRASSICER or ORTHOPLÒCEE SILIQUO'SÆ (D. C. syst. 2. p. from the top of the silicle. Outer petals rather larger than the
152. prod. 1. p. 213.).
p
Silique with the valves opening length- inner ones.
wise (f. 47.f.o.g.) and a linear dissepiment. Cotyledons folded
XVI.
together (f. 45.j.f.).
83 BRA'ssICA. Silique rather terete, crowned by a small RAPHA'NEÆ or ORTHOPLO‘CEÆ LOMENTACEÆ (D. C. syst. 2. p.
short blunt style (f. 47. f.). Seeds disposed in one row (f. 47. 153. prod. 1. p. 225.). Silicle or silique separating or dividing
f.). Calyx closed.
transversely into one or few-seeded joints or cells (f. 47. k. m.).
84 Sina'pis. Silique almost terete with nerved valves ; Seeds globose. Cotyledons folded together (f. 47. j. f.).
style small, short, acute. Seeds disposed in one series. Calyx 98 CRAʼMBE. Silicle 1 (f. 47. h.) or 2-jointed, lower joint
spreading
abortive, upper joint globose, 1-seeded (f. 47. h.).

CRUCIFERÆ. I. MATHIOLA.
151
99 RAPI'STRUM. Silicle 2-jointed, upper joint ovate, wrink- with a very narrow dissepiment, very ventricose valves, 1-seeded
led. Seeds solitary in the cells, the one in the upper joint cells, and a short style (f. 51. a. b.).
is erect, and the one in the lower is pendulous.
109 BRACHYCARPÆ'a. Character the same as the tribe (f.
100 Dide'smus. Silicle 2-jointed, each joint containing 1-2
51. a.).
seeds, lower joint truncate at the top, upper one bearing the style.
SUB-ORDER VI. SCHIZOPETALIE'£. Cotyledons 4, spirally
101 ENARTHROCA'RPUS. Silique 2-jointed, lower joint ob-
twisted. Petals pinnatifid.
conical, short 1-2-seeded, upper one 9-10-seeded, but loculate
110 SCHIZOPE'TALON. Character the same as the sub-order.
within (f. 47. k.).
102 RA'Phanus. Silique transversely many-celled or separat- SUB-ORDER I. PLEURORHI'ZEE (from #levpov, pleuron,
ing into many joints (f. 47. m.).
a side, and piša, rhiza, a root;) radicle at the side of the cotyle-
dons, (f. 45.h g. d.) D.C. syst. 2. p. 161. prod. 1. p. 132. Cotyle-
f
1
SUB-ORDER IV. SPIROLO'BEÆ. (D. C. syst. 2. p. 154. prod.
dons flat, accumbent (f. 46. c. f. 45.g.). Radicle lateral (f. 45.
1. p. 228.) Cotyledons incumbent, linear, spirally or rather cir-
g. d.). Seeds compressed, sometimes marginate.
cinately twisted (f. 45. k. l.).
Tribe I.
TRIBE XVII.
ARABI'DEÆ (from Arabis, and idea, shape of a thing; plants
agreeing with Arabis in important characters,) or PLEURO-
BUNIA'DEÆ or SPIROLO'BEÆ NUCAMENTACEA (D, C. syst. 2. RHIZĒÆ (see sub-order) SILIQUO'SÆ (siliqua, a long pod;
p. 154. prod. 1. 228.). Silicle nucumentaceous, indehiscent, 2-4- pods long.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 161. prod. 1. p. 132. Silique de-
celled (f. 46. s.). Cotyledons truly circinately twisted (f. 45.
hiscent, with a linear dissepiment more or less broader than the
seeds (f. 46. b.). Seeds oval, compressed, usually margined.
k. l.).
Cotelydons flat, accumbent (f. 46. c. f. 45. g.), parallel with the
103 Bu’NIAS. Character the same as that of the tribe.
dissepiment.
I. MATHIOLA (in honour of Peter Andrew Mathioli, an
TRIBE XVIII.
Italian physician, died in 1577; he was first physician to Ferdi-
ERUCARIE'Æ or SPIROLO'BEÆ LOMENTACEA (D. C. syst. 2. p.
nand of Austria, and author of a commentary upon the works of
.
)
154. prod. 1. p. 230.). Silique lomentaceous, 2-jointed, lower joint Dioscorides.) R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 119. D. C.
-
p.
syst. 2. p. 162. prod. 1.
2-celled, upper one ensiform (f. 47. l.). Cotyledons replicate,
p.
133.
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia Siliquosa. Silique roundish. Stigmas
somewhat spiral (f. 45. 1.).
connivent, thickened or horned (f. 48. b.) on the back. Calyx bi-
104 ERUCA'RIA. Character the same as the tribe.
saccate at the base. Seeds compressed, disposed in 1 series, nu-
merous (f. 48. a.). Mostly herbs, very rarely suffruticose, erect,
SUB-ORDER V. DIPLECOLO‘BEÆ. (D. C. syst. 2. p. 154.
order
.
. nearly the whole species are covered with a soft white stellate
prod. 1. p. 230.) Cotyledons incumbent, linear, with 2 legs
down, sometimes they are scabrous, with pedicellate glands.
Leaves alternate, oblong, entire, or sinuately-toothed. Racemes
double plait, that is to say, plaited twice crosswise (f. 45. m. f.
terminal. Pedicels without bracteas. Flowers purple or white,
47. p.). Seeds depressed.
sometimes of a dark dreary colour, generally sweet-scented.
TRIBE XIX.
The leaves of all the species, as well as those of Cheiranthus,
and
many other plants of this class may be used as pot-herbs or
HELIOPHI'LEÆ or DIPLECOLO'BEÆ SILIQUO'SÆ (D. C. syst. 2. salads,
p. 154. prod. 1. p. 231.). Silique elongated (f. 47. o.) rarely
oblong or oval ; dissepiment linear or oval ; valves flat, or in those
Sect. I. PACHY NO'TUM (from Taxus, pachys, thick ; vwTOS,
notos, the back ; stigmas.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 163. prod. 1.
.
p.
132.
with elongated siliques they are rather convex (f. 47. o.).
Petals obovate. Stigmas thick, not horned on the back. The
105 CHAMI'RA. Calyx with 2 spurs at the base.
plants contained in this section are very ornamental.
106 HELIO'PHILA. Calyx equal at the base.
1 M. INCANA (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 119.)
TRIBE XX.
stem suffruticose at the base, erect, simple or branched ; leaves
lanceolate, quite entire, hoary ; siliques somewhat cylindrical,
SUBULARIE'Æ or DIPLECOLO'BEÆ LATISE'PTÆ (D. C. syst. 2. p. without glands. . h. H. Native of the south of Europe
155. prod. 1. p. 235.). Silicle oval (f. 47. n.) with an elliptical near the sea; in England on rocky cliffs to the east of Hastings.
disse piment, convex valves, many-seeded cells, and a sessile stigma
Cheiránthus incanus, Lin. spec. 924. Smith, engl. bot. 1935.
Mill, illust. t. 55.–Weinm. phyt. t. 643. f. a. e, and 644. f. a. b.
(f. 47. n.).
-Cheiranthus álbus and coccineus, Mill. dict. Flowers varying
107 SUBULA'RIA. Silicle oval, with convex valves, with 4
from single to double, from scarlet to purple, and white or even
seeds in each cell, and a sessile punctiform stigma (f. 47. n.). variegated with these colours: these varieties have been designated
,
Calyx closed.
under various names by authors before the days of Linnæus.
108 PLATYPE'TALUM. Silicle oval, with convex valves with
Queen, Brompton or Hoary Stock. Fl. May, Oct. England.
Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
numerous seeds in each cell. Style very short, crowned by a
2 M. A'NNUA (Sweet, hort. suburb. lond. 147.) stem herba-
spreading stigma. Calyx a little spreading. Petals dilated. .
ceous, erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, blunt, hoary; pods
TRIBE XXI.
somewhat cylindrical, without glands. O. H. Native of the
south of Europe by the sea-side. Cheiránthus incànus, Lin.
BRACHYCARPEA or DIPLECOLO'BEÆ ANGUSTISE'PTÆ (D. C.
spec. 925. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 184.- Bauh. hist. 2. p. 875. f.
syst. 2. p. 155. prod. 1. p. 235.), Silicle didymous (f. 51. a.) 1. Mathìola incana, var. 8, R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol.
2
-
1

152
CRUCIFERÆ. I. MATHIOLA.
-
4, p. 119. Hesperis æstiva, var, a, Lam. dict. 3. p. 324. Flowers tive of Persia. Cheiránthus Pérsicus, Pall. in herb. Lamb.
varying from single to double, from scarlet to purple and white, Habit of Mathìola, but the colour of the flowers is yellow; there-
or variegated with these colours.
fore it is possibly a species of Hésperis or Cheiránthus.
Ten-week or Annual Stock. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1731. Pl. 1 Persian Stock. Pl. foot.
to 2 feet.
3 M. GLABRA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 165.) stem suffruticose, Sect. II. LUPE'RIA (from Turnpos, luperos, melancholic, sad;
erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, smooth ; siliques somewhat colour of flowers.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 169. prod. 1. p. 133. Back
compressed, without glands. Þ. H. Native?-M, incana, of stigmas thick, not horned. Petals oblong, from dirty yellow
var. ?, R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 119. Leucojum to a livid purple colour, sweet-scented in the evening.
álbum, Blackw. herb. t. 181. Chieránthus glàbrus, Mill. dict. 10 M. TENE'LLA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 169.) stem herbaceous,
no. 9. Ch. glabérrimus, Colla, antol. bot. 5. p. 861.–Weinm. erect, almost simple ; leaves oblong, sinuately-toothed, drawn out
phyt. t. 642. f. 2.-Morr. hist. sect. 3. t. 8. f. 2, &c. Allied at the base, canescent with stellate pubescence ; siliques pubes-
to M. incàna, but the whole plant is smooth and green, not cent, without glands. 0. H. Native of the island of Cyprus.
O.
hoary, Flowers varying from single to double, from white to Flowers the colour of M. tristis, but paler.
purple and scarlet, never variegated.
Slender Stock. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. į foot.
Wall-flower-leaved or Smooth Stock. Fl.My.Oct. Clt.? Pl.1 ft. 11 M. TORULO'SA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 169.) stem erect, a little
4 M. GRÆ'ca (Sweet, hort. suburb. lond. 147.) stem herba- branched, flocculosely-scabrous ; leaves linear, nearly entire,
ceous, erect, branched, leaves lanceolate, smooth; siliques downy; siliques rather torulose, beset with scabrous glandular
somewhat compressed, without glands. O. H. Native of and velvety pubescence. h. G. Native of Cape of Good
Greece and the neighbouring islands, Cheiránthus Græ'cus, Hope. Cheiránthus torulosus, Thunb. prod. 108. Habit very
Juss. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 201. Hésperis æstīva, var. B, Lam. dict. near to that of Hésperis. Flowers small, of a dirty purplish-yellow.
3. p. 324. Distinguished from M. ánnua in the leaves being smooth Torulose-siliqued Stock. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 or 2 ft.
and green, not hoary; and from the rest of this section by its 12 M. TATA RICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 170.) stem erect, nearly
,
being the only green leaved annual. Flowers purple. Perhaps simple, glabrous ; leaves hoary-tomentose, irregularly and run-
the four foregoing species have originated from one, and not un- cinately-toothed ; siliques very smooth, cylindrical, somewhat
likely from this plant ?
torulose. 4. H. Native of the south of Tartary on rocks.
Smooth-leaved Annual or Grecian Stock. Fl. May, Oct. Clt.? Hésperis Tatárica, Pall. itin. 1. app. 117. t. 0. Flowers of a
Pl. 1 foot.
livid purplish-yellow colour. Root fusiform, fleshy,
5 M. FENESTRA'LIS (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. Tartarian Stock. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 or 3 feet.
119.) stem suffruticose, erect, simple ; leaves crowded, obogate, 13 M. ODORATISSIMA (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew, ed. 2. vol,
downy, and revolute; siliques pubescent, without glands, broadest 4. p. 120.) stem erect, branched ; leaves downy or pubescent,
at the base.
3. H. Native of Crete on rocks by the sea-side. toothed or pinnatifid ; siliques compressed, somewhat hoary. h.
Cheiranthus fenestràlis, Lin. fil. dec. 31. t. 16. Jacq. hort. vind. G. Native of the calcareous mountains of Tauria and on rocks
2. t. 179. Hésperis fenestràlis, Lam. dict. 3. p. 324. Flowers in eastern Caucasus, and in Iberia about Tiflis. Sims, bot.
scarlet or pale purple, a little smaller than those of M. incàna. mag. t. 1711. Hésperis odoratíssima, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 195.
Fenestrelles Stock. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Pl. 1 foot. Chieránthus odoratíssimus, Bieb. casp. 116. no. 22. Flowers
6 M. FLLIPTICA (R. Br. in Šalt. voy. abyss. app. p. Ixv.) stem dirty cream-coloured, or when old purplish-brown, sweet-scented
p
-
suffruticose, twisted, branched ; leaves stalked, elliptical, hoary ;
in the evening.
siliques cylindrical, downy. 2. h. H. Native of Abyssinia Var. , Tanaicensis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 170.) plant covered with
at the bottom of mount Taranta. Flowers sweet-scented. Dif- appressed pubescence; siliques one-half shorter than those of
fering but little from M. incàna.
the species. Cheiránthus fràgrans, Fisch. cat. hort, gor. 1812.
Elliptic-leaved Stock. Fl. Feb. March. Pl. 1 foot.
Þ.G. Native on the cretaceous hills at Tanaim.
7 M. SINUA TA (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 120.) Sweetest-scented Stock. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795. ß in 1822.
stem somewhat erect, herbaceous, branched ; leaves oblong, Shrub 1 or 2 feet.
downy, lower ones sinuated; siliques compressed, velvety, and 14 M. VA'RIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 171.) stem erect, almost sim-
muricated with glands. §. H.
8. H. Native of the south of Europe ple, and nearly naked : leaves linear, blunt, quite entire, hoary ;
along the sandy sea coast, also in Britain on the coasts of Corn- flowers nearly sessile; siliques compressed; petals oval, waved.
wall and Wales, near Pembroke, Abermeney, and Llanddwyn. ħ. G. Native of south of Europe in many places, particularly
Cheiránthus sinuàtus, Lin. spec. 926. Smith, engl. bot. t. 462. in the region of the Mediterranean. Cheiránthus varius, Smith,
Smith, fl. græc. t, 640. Ch, tricuspidàtus, Huds. angl. ed. 1. p. fl. græc. t. 636. Ch. tristis Suffren, Curt. bot. mag. 729. Flower
450. Ch. muricàtus, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 507. Hésperis sinuàta, nearly the same colour as those of M. tristis, but they are
Lam. dict. 3. p. 323. Flowers of a dingy-red colour, about the larger.
size of those of M. incàna, sweet-scented in the evening. The Var. B, Cheiranthus trístis, var. Sabauda. All. ped. no. 991.
whole plant has an alkaline bitterish taste.
Cheiránthus Vallesiàcus, Gay. ined. in herb. Gaud. Native of
Sinuated-leaved or Great Sea Stock. Fl. Aug. Britain. Pl. 2 ft. Vallais.
8 M. ACAU'LIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 168.) stem almost none; Variable Stock. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. foot.
leaves linear, sinuately-toothed, downy with stellate pubescence; 15.M. TRI'STIS (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 120.)
flowers rising from the root, O.H. Native of Egypt. Cheir- stem suffruticose at the base, erect, branched ; leaves downy,
ánthus acaúlis, Balb. in litt. Spreng. nov. prov. p. 10. no. 19. linear, entire, or toothed; flowers nearly sessile ; petals oblong;
The siliques are unknown, and therefore it is very doubtful what siliques nearly cylindrical. h.G. Native of stony places exposed to
genus it belongs to.
Flowers purplish. A very small plant,
the sun in the south of Europe by the sea-side, viz. Portugal, Spain
Stemless Stock. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot. about Madrid, Greece, Piedmont, Mauritania, &c. Cheiranthus
9 M.? PERSICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 168.) stem erect, suffru- trístis, Lin. spec. 925. Ch. fruticulòsus, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 925.
tescent at the base, hoary with velvety and glandular pubes-
but not of his Mantissa. Hésperis angustifolia, Lam. dict. 3. p.
cence at the apex; leaves canescent, radical ones oblong, en- 322.-Barrl. icon. t. 803. Bocc. mus. 148. t. 111. Flowers
tire, stalked ; siliques pubescent, without glands. 4. H. Na-
4. H. Na- dirty-yellow or greenish-brown, sweet-scented in the evening.
p. 51.
1
-

CRUCIFERÆ. I. MATHIOLA.
153
-
Sad-flowered Stock. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1768. Shrub 1 foot. villosus, Forsk.
æg.
arab.
p. 120. Hésperis tricuspidàtus, Lam.
dict. 3. p. 323.
323. Flowers purple, like those of M. sinuàta.
Sect. III. Pina'ria (from muvapos, pinaros, dirty, unclean ;
Three-pointed-siliqued Stock. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1739. Pl. ft.
colour of flowers.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 172. prod. 1. p. 172. Back
21 M. PARVIFLORA (R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. p. 121.)
of stigmas drawn out into three horns (f. 48. b.). Petals oblong
stem nearly erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, downy, repand-
(f. 48. e.), from dirty yellow to purplish.
toothed ; flowers sessile ; siliques cylindrical, 3-pointed; points
16 M. CORONOPIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 173.) stem erect,
acute, middle one longest, blunt. O. H. Native of the south
much branched from the base; leaves linear, dentately-pinnatifid,
of Spain, and in the empire of Morocco. Cheiranthus parviflòrus,
hoary; siliques somewhat torulose, and somewhat 3-pointed at
Schousb. in Schrad. journ. 3. p. 369. Hésperis parviflòra, Poir.
the
apex, without glands. 4. H. Native of Sicily near Pa-
.
3. p. 194. not of D. C. Flowers purple, like those of M. tri-
lermo on rocks at the monastery of del Parco, and on the moun-
cuspidata, but they are one-half smaller.
tains near Athens. Cheiranthus coronopifolius, Smith, fl.
Small-flowered Stock. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1799.
græc.
Clt. 1799. Pl. į foot.
t. 637.-Barrl. icon. t. 999. f. 1 and 2. Very near to M. tristis
22 M. Luna'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 176.) stem nearly erect,
and M. lívida. Petals of a dirty-purple colour.
branched; leaves oblong, repand-toothed, pubescent; pedicels
Var. B, Hispánica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 173.). Cheiránthus par-
short ; siliques cylindrical, 3-pointed, lateral points somewhat in-
viflòrus, Thib. ined. 2. H. Native of Spain. Perhaps a
curved, much longer than the middle one. O. H. Native of
proper species. Differing from the species by its greater sta-
Spain. An intermediate plant between M. tricuspidàta and
ture, but especially by the siliques being 3-times longer.
M. parviflòra. Flowers purple, like those of M. sinuàta.
Buck-horn-leaved Stock. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 or
Lunate-pointed-siliqued Stock. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1821. Pl. ft.
1} foot.
23 M. PUMILIO (D. C. syst. 2. p. 177.) stem very short ;
17 M. Oxy'CERAS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 173.) stem erect, branch-
leaves pinnatifidly-sinuated, hoary ; siliques tricuspidate; points
ed, glandular; leaves velvety, sinuately-repand, upper ones
blunt, longer than the stigma. O. H. Native of Rhodes Island.
entire; siliques cylindrical, somewhat velvety and glandular,
Cheiranthus pumilio, Smith, fl. græc. t. 638. Hésperis lácera,
tricuspidate at the apex, lateral points somewhat reflexed. O.H.
Sibth. in herb. Banks. Flowers few, purple, about the size of
Native of sandy deserts near Damascus. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t.
those of M. sinuàta.
11. This species is very like M. lívida, but the flowers are
Dwarf Stock. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 or 2 inches.
sessile, of a livid-purple colour.
24 M. hu'milis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 177.) stem very short ;
Var. a, stem glandular from the base to the top.
O. H.
leaves oblong; rather hoary, sinuately-toothed; flowers nearly
Native of sandy deserts near Damascus.
sessile ; siliques nearly cylindrical, adult ones smooth, tricuspi-
Var. ; stem somewhat glandular only at the base. O. H.
date, points very short. O. H. Native of Egypt about Ro-
Native of Persia.
setta. Flowers purple, rather distant.
Var. y; lower leaves pinnatifid. 0. H. Native between
Humble Stock Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Pl. 2 or 3 inches.
Aleppo and Mosul.
† Species not sufficiently known.
Sharp-horned-siliqued Stock. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Pl. Å ft.
25 M. BICO'RNIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 177.) O. or 3. H. Na-
18 M. LI'VIDA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 174.) stem somewhat diffuse,
tive of Greece ? Cheiranthus bicórnis, Smith, prod. fl. græc. 2.
much branched ; leaves oblong-linear, lower ones sinuated,
p. 26. Leaves hoary, pinnatifid ; petals oblong ; siliques toru-
covered with velvety down interspersed with glands ; siliques lose, furnished at the top with two acute horizontally spreading
somewhat cylindrical, pubescent and glandular, tricuspidate at the spines, which are one-half longer than the bifid stigma. Perhaps
apex, points ascending longer than the stigma. 0. H. Native this plant may belong to the third section ? D. C. Flowers
of Egypt in a desert near Caira, at Caid-Bey. Deless. icon. sel. purple.
2. t. 12. Cheiranthus tristis, Forsk. fl. æg. arab. p. 119.
Iwo-horned-podded Stock. Fl.? Pl. } foot.
1 /
Cheiranthus lívidus, Delile, ill. fl. æg. p. 19. no. 581. The
26 M. CRUCI’GERA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 177.) 4. H. Native of
whole plant in form and colour of flowers is like M. tristis, but Sicily on the mountains called di-Madonia and di-Castelbuono.
it is an annual, not a shrub. Flowers livid-purple (f. 48.).
Bocc. mus. p. 148. t. 111. Flowers violet. Siliques erect,
Livid-flowered Stock. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
tricuspidate at the apex. Perhaps this species belongs to the
19 M. LONGIPETALA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 174.) stem somewhat
fourth section.
diffuse, branched, and somewhat pubescent; leaves oblong, Cross-bearing Stock. Pl. foot ?
sinuately-toothed ; ovaries cylindrical, downy, without glands, 27 M. RUPE'STRIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 714.) K.H. Native of
three-pointed : petals longer than the calyx. 0. H. Native of Sicily on rocky mountains. Hésperis rupestris, Raf. specch.
O.
the Levant about Bagdad. Very like M. lívida. Lamina of
2. p. 46. Very like M. incàna, but the leaves are blunt and
petals yellow at the base, but purplish at the top.
stalked. Petals emarginate. Calyx evidently gibbous. Flowers
Long-petalled Stock. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. į foot.
purple ?
Rock Stock. Pl. 1 foot.
28 M. FASCICULA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 714.) H. H. Native
Sect. IV. ACINÒTON (from akis, akis, a point ; vwtos, notos, of Sicily by the sea-side near Messina.-Cup. panph. 1. t. 144.
the back; back of stigmas horned.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 175. prod. ed. Raf. t. 14. f. 2. Hésperis fasciculàta, Raf. specch. 2. p. 7.
.
.
1.
p.
134. Petals obovate, blunt or emarginate, pale purple or Allied to M. tricuspidàta, but the leaves are sessile, linear, entire,
white. Siliques 3-pointed at the top. Seeds not margined. acute, and in fascicles. Flower purple? Perhaps this is the
This section is perhaps sufficient to form a distinct genus.
same as M. crucigera ?
20 M. TRICUSPIDA'TA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. Fascicled-leaved Stock.
120.) stem nearly erect, branched ; leaves sinuately-pinnatifid ; Cult. In order to procure fine double Stock-Gilliflowers,
points of siliques 3, acute, nearly equal in length. O. H. Native Brompton and Queen-stocks, is to make choice of such single
along the Mediterranean sea in the sand, from Spain to Alexan- flowering plants as grow near many double ones, for it has been
dria. Cheiránthus tricuspidàtus, Lin. spec. 926. Schkuhr. handb. observed that seed saved from plants growing among double
2. p. 250. no. 1846. t. 184. Smith, A. græc. t. 639. Cheiranthus kinds have produced a much greater number of double flowering
X
a
-
VOL. 1.-PART II.

154
CRUCIFERÆ. II. CHEIRANTHUS.
mas.
plants, than those which have been saved from plants separated Cheiri or Common Wall-flower. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. 1573. Pl.
from the double ones. Sow the seed in May, and after they reach 1 to 2 feet.
two or three inches high they should be thinned at least 9 inches 2 C. FRUTICULÒsus (Lin. mant. 94. not of spec. ed. 1.) leaves
asunder, and the plants so taken out may be planted at about 6 lanceolate, acute, most hoary beneath, with simple pressed hairs.
inches apart in the flower border, if the following winter should h. H. Native of Britain on old walls. Smith, engl. bot. t.
be severe, the plants should be sheltered by mats, and in the fol- 1934. Cheiranthus cheìri, Huds. ang. 287. Hook. f. lond. t.
lowing May and June they will become the greatest ornament of 147 ? D. C. syst. 2.
147 ? D. C. syst. 2. p. 180. var. p. Flowers yellow, corymbose,
the flower border. Fine double varieties may be propagated by sweet-scented.
cuttings, which take root readily if planted under a hand-glass Shrubby Wall-flower. Fl. April, May. Britain. Shrub 1 or 1ft.
and shaded. The Annual or Ten-week-stock should be sown at 3 C. ALPI'NUS (Lin. mant. 93. exclusive of the synonymes.)
three or four different times, February, March, April, and May, leaves lanceolate, somewhat toothed, covered with starry-pubes-
the plants from the last sowing will continue to flower till Christ- cence ; stem simple, straight; siliques spreading, six times
Care should be taken in preserving only such single flow- longer than the pedicels ; seeds appendiculate. 4. H.
4. H. Native
ering plants for seed, both of the Stock-Gilliflower and Ten-week- of Norway and Lapland on the sides of high mountains. Wahl.
stock, as have flowers of a fine colour. All the biennial and fi. lap. no. 333. t. 12. f. 1. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 74. Flowers yel-
hard shrubby species of Mathìola should be treated in the same low, sweet-scented.
manner as that recommended for the Stock-Gilliflower, and all Alpine Wall-flower. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. { foot.
the annual species in the manner recommended for Ten-week- 4 C. CAPITA'TUS (Dougl. in Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 38.)
stocks. Fine double stocks may be planted in pots, in order that plant rather rough ; leaves linear-lanceolate, more or less toothed
they may be sheltered by a frame during winter. M. fenestràlis or entire, tapering much to the base, and are as well as the stem
thrives best if sown on rock-work. The green-house shrubby covered with close-pressed 2-parted hairs; flowers rather large,
kinds thrive best in a light soil, mixed with sand, and cuttings in dense corymbs; silique 3-times longer than the pedicel.
will strike root readily if planted under a hand-glass.
O. H. Native of North America on rocky places on the Co-
lumbia, near the sea and at Puget Sound, and on the coast of
II. CHEIRA'NTHUS (cheiri or kheyry, the Arabic name of California. Ch. asper, Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa. vol. 1. p.
a plant, with very red sweet-scented flowers, and avlos, anthos, 14. Stem branched. Flowers yellow. Style thick, about a
a flower, or perhaps from xelp, cheir, the hand, and av os, a line long, terminated by a capitate stigma. Seeds compressed,
flower ; hand-flower.) R. Br. in Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 5. p. not margined.
118. D. C. syst. 2. p. 178. prod. 1. p. 135. Cheiránthus species,
.
Capitate Wall-flower. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 foot.
Lin. Juss. and Lam.
5 C. OCHROLEU'CUS (Hall. fil. ex Schleich. cat. helv. p. 16.)
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Siliques terete or com- leaves oblong-lanceolate, somewhat toothed, covered with 2-
pressed. Stigma 2-lobed or capitate. Calyx bisaccate at the parted hairs, or smooth; stems decumbent, branched; petals ob-
base. Seeds in one series, ovate, compressed. Biennial, peren- ovate; siliques erect, pointed by the permanent style. 4. H.
nial, or suffruticose herbs, with oblong or lanceolate entire or Native of the Alps of Jura on the mountains called Chasseral
toothed leaves. Racemes elongated. Pedicels bractless, fili- and Falconario, among stones and on rocks, and at a place called
form. Flowers of various colours, yellow, white, or purple, or Creux du Van. Ch. dubius, Sut. fl. helv. 2. p. 65. Ch. decúm-
party-coloured. The genus is called Wall-flower, from the species bens, Schlecht. cat. helv. Erýsimum ochroleùcum, var. a, D. C.
growing commonly on walls.
fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 658.-Hall. hist. no. 449. t. 14. Flowers
pale yellow, scarcely scented.
SECT. I. CHEIRI (see genus for derivation; plants agreeing Cream-coloured Wall-flower. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1819. Pl.
with Ch. Cheàri.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 135. Style almost none. procumbent.
Seeds not margined.
1 C. CHEI'ri (Lin. spec. 924.) leaves lanceolate, quite entire, Sect. II. CHEIROIDES (from cheiri, and idea, form, simi-
covered with 2-parted pressed hairs, or smooth ; siliques linear; larity.). D. C. prod. 1. p. 136. Style filiform. Seeds margined.
lobes of stigma recurved. n. 8. H. Native throughout Eu- Siliques 4-angled.
Siliques 4-angled. Psilostylis, Andrz. in litt.
rope on old walls and among stones. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 6 C. TENUIFO'LIUS (Lher. st. nov. p. 92.) leaves linear,
1840. t. 184. Blackw. herb. t. 176. Flowers varying in size quite entire, somewhat silky with 2-parted hairs; stem frutes-
from single to double, from yellow to rusty and blood-coloured, cent, branched. ħ. F. Native of Madeira. Flowers yellow, .
or variegated with the same colours. Some of the varieties of this Fine-leaved Wall-flower. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1777. Sh. 2 ft.
plant are very ornamental, particularly the double kinds, and the 7 C. MUTA'BILIS (Lher. st. nov. 1. p. 92.) leaves linear, lan-
flowers of all possess an agreeable odour. Being an acrid and ceolate, pointed, finely serrated, somewhat downy with 2-parted
hardy evergreen, it is sometimes sown in pastures along with hairs; stem frutescent, branched. h. F. Native of Madeira.
parsley, thyme, &c. as a preventive of the rot in sheep.
Curt. bot. mag. t. 195. Flowers at first cream-coloured, after-
The most remarkable varieties of common Wall-flower are the ward becoming purple or striped.
following:
Changeable-flowered Wall-flower. Fl. March, May. Clt.
a, flore simplici. Single yellow.
1777. Shrub 2 or 3 feet.
B, flore pleno. Double yellow.—Lob. icon. 33. f. 2.
8 C. LONGIFOLIUS (Vent. malm. t. 83.) leaves very long,
y, máximus. Large flowered yellow.
linear-lanceolate, pendulous, acuminated, remotely serrated,
d, serràtus. Large yellow, saw-leaved.
rather downy with 2-parted hairs; stem frutescent, branched.
€, pátulus. Double yellow, spreading.
h. F. Native of Teneriffe. Hesperis longifòlia, Poir. suppl.
5. ferrugineus. Double rusty.
3. p. 195. Like Ch. mutábilis. Flowers at first white, after-
9, vàrius. Double variegated with purple and yellow.
wards becoming blue or purple.
1, flavescens. Large double, pale yellow.
Long-leaved Wall-flower. Fl. Sep. Dec. Clt. 1815. Sh. 2 to 3 ft.
K, thyrsoàdeus. Bunch-flowered, yellow.
9 C. scopa'rius (Willd. enum. p. 681.) leaves linear-lan-
1, gynántherus. Flowers with anthers changed into carpels. ceolate, acuminated, entire, rather pubescent with appressed
pi
, hæmánthus. Single and double, bloody-flowered. .
2-parted hairs; stem shrubby, branched. ħ. F. Native of
.

CRUCIFERÆ. II. CHEIRANTHUS. III. NASTURTIUM.
155
.
a
.
Teneriffe. Hésperis cinerea, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 196. Very like
.
leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire, rather hispid; stem simple,
Ch. mutábilis, but evidently distinct.
ascending ; racemes corymbose ; siliques very long, somewhat 4-
Var. a, purpurascens (D. C. syst. 2. p. 184.) flowers at first sided; stigma 2-lobed. 4. H. Native of Siberia, at Cape By-
white, then purplish. ħ. F.
kofskoy on the sea shore. Like Ch. alpinus, but differing from
Var. B, æruginosus (D. C. 1. c.) flowers at first rust-coloured, it in the leaves being linear-lanceolate, and rather hispid, as well
afterwards paler, and suffused with red.
as in the flowers being small violet, not sulphur-coloured. Per-
Var.
7,
chamæleo (D. C. 1. c.) flowers at first orange, after- haps a species of Erysimum.
wards purple. Ch. cheìri, var. Chamæ'leon, Ker. bot. reg. t. Pygmy Wall-flower. Fl. Jul. Pl. 4 foot.
1
219. These are very ornamental plants.
18 C. FLEXUÒSUs (Smith. fl. græc. t. 634.) O. H. Native
Broom Wall-flower. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1812. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. of the island of Cyprus. Leaves obovate roundish. Stem diffuse,
10 C. SEMPERFLÓRENS (Schousb. moroc. ed. germ. p. 181.) flexuous; siliques spreading, stiff, pungent.
leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire, roughish; stem shrubby, Flexuous-stemmed Wall-flower. Pl. { foot.
branched; siliques compressed; pedicels one-half shorter than 19 C. ODORA TUS (Pall. ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 896.) stem sim-
the calyx. ħ. F. Native of the kingdom of Morocco and ple, erect, smooth ; leaves white with dense tomentum, radical
about Mogodor. Flowers yellow or white.
ones pinnatifidly-serrated, stalked, cauline ones oblong, sessile,
Ever-flowering Wall-flower. Fl. Jan. Dec. Clt. 1815. Sh. 1 with cartilaginous teeth; flowers in racemose-spikes ; calyx
or 2 ft.
smooth. 24. H. Native of the North of Persia.
11 C. LINEARIS (Vent. malm. p. 83. not of Thunb.) leaves Sweet-scented Wall-flower. Pl. { foot.
linear, quite entire, smoothish; stem shrubby, branched ; siliques Cult. The hardy shrubby species, such as fine varieties of com-
compressed, tapering to both ends. Þ.T. Native of Tene-
F.
mon Wall flower, should be encreased by young cuttings, which
riffe. Ch. frutéscens, Pers. ench. 2. p. 201. Very like Ch. will soon strike root; if planted under a hand glass. The green-
semperflòrens, but the plant is more shrubby and the leaves are house or frame kinds will thrive well in a light rich soil; and
shorter and narrower. Flowers white, never yellow.
young cuttings planted in the same kind of soil, will strike most
Linear-leaved Wall-flower. Fl. Mar. Jul. Clt. 1815. Shrub freely under a hand glass. The perennial or herbaceous species
1 or 2 feet.
may be increased by dividing the plants at the root, by young
12 C. LINIFÒLIUS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 201.) leaves linear, quite cuttings planted under a hand glass, or by seeds. The biennial
entire, scabrous, crowded ; stem shrubby, branched; siliques some- and annual species, only require to be sown in the open border ;
what cylindrical, three times longer than the calyx; pedicels one some of the tenderer sorts, or those natives of warmer climates,
half shorter than the calyx. h. F. Native of Spain, Hesperis sem- may be sown in a gentle hot bed in the month of March, and
perflòrens, var. B, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 196. Hesperis linifolius, Desf. transplanted into the open borders about the middle or end of
cat. hort. par. ed. 1. p. 129. Very like Ch. semperflòrens, but April. The whole of the species answer well to be planted or
easily distinguished from it by the young leaves being crowded sown on rock-work, and even the tenderer species will survive
into the axillæ of the old ones, as well as by the flowers being pur- the winter in such a situation.
plish, not yellow nor white.
Flax-leaved Wall-flower. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1815. Shrub III. NASTU'RTIUM (from nasus, the nose, and tortus, tor-
1 to 2 feet.
mented; acrid taste of N. officinale, which affects the muscles of
the nose.). R. Br, in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 109. D. C.
† Species not sufficiently known.
syst. 2. p. 187. prod. 1. p. 137. but not of Haller and Moench.
13 C.? SYRI'ACUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 185.) leaves ovate-oblong, LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliqùosa. Silique nearly cylin-
cordately-auriculate, toothed, smooth; stem erect, flexuous, drical, short or declinate. Stigma somewhat two-lobed. Calyx
branched, smooth. 6. H. Native of Syria. Hésperis Syri- equal at the base, spreading. Seeds small, not margined, dis-
acus, Rauw. or. p. 74. with a figure.—Cam. hort. med. p. 74. posed in two irregular series. Herbs usually aquatic, smooth,
a
t. 19.-Mor. oxon. 2. p. 252. sect. 3. t. 10. f. 4. &c. Flowers branched, easily rooting. Stems cylindrical. Leaves variable,
usually pinnately-cut. Racemes many-flowered, without bracteas;
Syrian Wall-flower. Pl. 2 feet.
pedicels filiform. Flowers white or yellow. Siliques generally
14 C. ? PULCHE'LLUS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 523.) leaves linear- declinate. This genus differs from Sisymbrium, which it is very
lanceolate, acutely toothed, rather pubescent with 2-parted hairs. much like, in the cotyledons being accumbent, not incumbent.
4. H. Native of Cappadocia. A small plant with a shrubby
base. Petals obovate yellow, size of those of Erysimum Helvé- Sect. I. CARDA'MINUM (from Kapora, kardia, the heart, and
ticum. Seeds unknown.
dapaw, damao, to subdue ; stomachic quality of the plant.) D. C.
Pretty Wall-flower. Fl.? Pl. į foot.
syst. 2. p. 188. prod. 1. p. 137. Petals white, larger than the
15 C.? SALĪNUS (Lin. mant. 93.) leaves lanceolate, blunt, calyx. Siliques nearly cylindrical. Glands 4, at the base of the
quite entire, downy ; stem erect ; anthers inclosed. h. H. stamens. Seeds reticulately-wrinkled. Cotyledons obliquely in-
.
Native of Siberia and Tartary near salt pits. ? Hésperis salìna. cumbent. Perhaps a proper genus.
Lam. dict. 3. p. 324. Very like Mathiola incàna, but 8-times 1 N. OFFICINA'LE (B. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 110.)
smaller. Flowers purple with a yellowish throat, sweet-scented. leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, somewhat cordate, repand; up-
Salt-pit Wall-flower. Pl. foot.
per leaves pinnatifid, with narrow segments; terminal leaflets
16 C. Palla`sii (Pursh. A. amer. sept. 2. p. 436.) leaves large. 4. H. W. Native in rivulets throughout the world ;
lanceolate-linear, attenuated, repand-toothed, smoothish; stem plentiful in Britain in clear spring rivulets and ponds. Sisym-
simple, erect, round. 3. H. Native of North America, on the brium Nastúrtium, Lin. spec. 917. Fl. dan. t. 690. Smith. eng.
.
North-West coast. C. denticulàtus, Willd. herb. Stem pubes- bot. t. 855. Curt. f. lond. 6. t. 44. Woody, med. bot. 1. p.
cent with small 2-parted-hairs. Flowers nearly like those of 134. t. 48. Lun. hort. jam. 2. p. 269. There are two or three
Mathìola incàna, but dark-purple. Siliques somewhat cylindri- varieties of this plant but they are of little consequence.
cal, crowned by the small subcapitate stigma.
Water-cress is well known for its agreeable warmth and
Pallas's Wall-flower. Fl. Jul. Pl. foot.
flavour, in the form of a salad, it is esteemed a wholesome sto-
17 C. PYGMÆ'us (Adams, in. mem. soc. mosc. 5. p. 114.) machic, and is recommended by many physicians as an antiscor-
-
not seen.
a
X 2

156
CRUCIFERÆ. III. NASTURTIUM.
a
a
4. H.
butic. It acts as a gentle stimulant and diuretic; for these purposes 298. P. Lin. Al. suec. ed. 2. p. 232. Sisymbrium Islandicum, Oed.
the expressed juice, which contains the peculiar taste and pungency fl. dan. t. 490. Myagrum palústre, Lam. dict. 1. p. 572.
of the herb, may be taken in doses of an ounce or two, and con-
Flowers small, yellow.
tinued for a considerable time (Dunc. ed. disp. 474.). The juice Var. B, pusillum, (D. C. syst. 2. p. 192.) O. H. Native of
was formerly used with that of Scurvy-grass and Seville-oranges South of France. Myàgrum pusillum, Lam. dict. 1. p. 572. Vill.
to form a popular remedy under the name of spring juices. The dauph. 3. p. 341. t. 39. Plant small. Leaves divided into more
water-cress has been cultivated in the neighbourhood of London, linear lobes than the species.
to a considerable extent since 1808, as a salad. A running Var. y, barbareæfòlium (D. C. syst. 1. c.), O. H. Brachy-
stream of clear water is essential to its cultivation ; in the bed of lobos barbareæfòlius, Desv. journ. bot. 1814. vol. 3. p.
170.
this stream the plants are inserted in rows, in the direction of the Sisymbrium barbareæfòlium, Del. A. æg.
ill.
p.
19. Native of
current, and all that is necessary is to take up and re-plant occa- Egypt about Rosetta. Plant larger in all its parts than the spe-
sionally, and to keep the plants free of mud and weeds, or any cies, and the leaves are more profoundly pinnatifid.
accumulation of extraneous matter. They will not grow so freely Var, 8 ? tanacetifolium (D. C. syst. 1. c.). O. H. Sisym-
in a muddy bottom as amongst sand and gravel, neither will their brium tanacetifolium, Walt. fl. carol. ex Bosc. Plant dwarfer ;
flavour be so good. Some cultivate them in water beds, but leaves profoundly cut; lobes pinnatifid ; siliques longer than
they never prosper so well nor is their flavour so good as when
those of the species.
cultivated in natural streams. The Spring or Autumn is the best Var. ε ? brévipes (D. C. syst. 1. c.) differing from the species
time for transplanting the water-cress. Some market gardeners, in the pedicels being very short, fructiferous ones hardly a line
who can command a small stream of water, grow the water-cress long and with the stigma nearly sessile. 0. H. Native of
in beds sunk about two feet in a retentive soil, with a very gentle Porto-Ricco. Perhaps a distinct species.
slope from one end to the other. Along the bottom of this bed, Var. S, Blūmei ; auricles wanting. Native of Java.
which may be of any convenient length and breadth, chalk or Marsh Nasturtium or Small jagged Water Radish. Fl. June,
gravel is deposited, and the plants are inserted, about six inches Sept. Britain. Pl. 1 foot.
apart every way. Then according to the slope and length of the 4 N. PORTORICE'NSE (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 882.) leaves inter-
bed, dams are made six inches high across it, at intervals; so ruptedly pinnate, smooth; segments oblong, obtuse, repand-
that when these dams are full, the water may rise not less than crenate; petals smaller than the calyx ; siliques rather cylin-
three inches on all the plants included in each. The water being drically-linear, crowned by the almost sessile stigma. 2. F.
turned on will circulate from dam to dam, and the plants, if not Native of Porto Ricco and St. Domingo.
allowed to run to flower, will afford abundance of young tops in Portorico Nasturtium. Pl. 1 foot.
all but the winter months. A stream of water not larger than 5 N. AʼNCEPS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 137.) leaves pinnatifid, very
p
)
what will fill a pipe of an inch bore, will suffice to irrigate in this smooth ; auricles stem-clasping ; stems creeping ; petals larger
way the eighth of an acre. As some of the plants are apt to rot than the calyx; pods pointed at both ends, two-edged.
off in the winter, the plantation should be laid dry two or three Native on the banks of rivers above the water, among sand,
times a year, and all weeds and decayed parts removed, and va- about Upsal. Sisymbrium ánceps, Wahl. fl. ups. p. 223. Si-
cancies filled up. Water-cress grown in this way is, however, symbrium amphíbium terrestre, Ehrh. beitr. 5. p. 22. Lin. spec.
far inferior to that grown in natural streams.
ed. 2. p. 917. Fl. dan. 984. Flowers yellow.
Officinal or Common Water-cress. Fl. Jun. July. Britain. Two-edged-podded Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. June,
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot.
6 N. MICRA'NTHUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 137.) pubescent ; leaves
Sect. II. Brachy'LOBOS (Bpaxus, brachys, short, Xoßos, lobos, pinnate; leaflets opposite,
pinnate; leaflets opposite, deeply jagged, with the terminal
a pod; pods short). D. C. syst. 2. p. 190. prod. 1. p. 137. leaflet roundish-ovate; petals larger than the calyx; pods erect,
Petals yellow. Siliques somewhat cylindrical or elliptical. Glands linear-oblong, smooth. O. 4.? Native of the East Indies.
of the receptacle small.
Sisymbrium micranthum. Roth. nov. pl. spec. 324. Like N.
2 N. SYLVE'STRE (R. Br. in hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 110.) palústre. Flowers small, yellow.
leaves pinnate; leaflets lanceolate, serrated, or cut.
Small-flowered Nasturtium or Water Radish, Fl. June, Aug.
Native of moist pastures and along the sides of rivers and ri- Pl. 1 foot.
vulets throughout Europe, North of Asia, Persia and Tauria, 7 N. MADAGASCARIE'NSE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 192.) leaves pin-
China, New Holland, and also in North America by the river nate; leaflets stalked, pinnatifid ; lobes ovate, toothed, terminal
Delaware, where it has probably been introduced ; plentiful in one largest. 0.? S. Native of the eastern coast of Madagas-
Britain in gravelly wet meadows about the margins of rivers and Flowers small, not sufficiently known.
ditches. Sisymbrium sylvestre, Lin. spec. 916. Smith, engl. Madagascar Nasturtium or Water Radish. Pl. 1.foot.
bot. t. 2324. Curt. A. lond. fasc. 3. t. 41. Sisymbrium 8 N. MEXICA'NUM (Moc. Sesse, and Cerv. fl. mex. icon. ined.
vulgàre, Pers. ench. 2. p. 196. Root creeping extensively. and D. C. syst. 2. p. 193.) leaves pinnatifid, smooth ; lobes
Petals golden, longer than the calyx.
oblong, sinuately-toothed, blunt ; petals equal in length with the
Wild Nasturtium or Water Rocket. Britain. Fl. June, Sept. calyx ; pods declinate, somewhat twisted, three times longer than
Pl. 1 foot.
the calyx. O ? 4? H. Native of Mexico on the margins of
3 N. PALU'STRE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 191.) leaves pinnatifid, rivulets. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from N. palústre.
auricles stem-clasping, ciliated, with the lobes confluent, toothed, Mexican Nasturtium or Water Radish. Pl. 1 foot.
smooth; root fusiform; petals equal in length with the calyx; pods
1
9 N. BonARIE'NSE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 193.) leaves pinnate-
blunt at both ends, rather turgid. 0. H. Native throughout parted ; lobes distant, linear, somewhat toothed, smooth ; pods
Europe, Persia, China, Java, and North America, about the banks nearly erect, terete-compressed, twice or thrice longer than the
of rivers, ponds, and ditches, and in damp but not very watery pedicels. O. H. Native of Buenos-Ayres.
Native of Buenos-Ayres. Sisymbrium Bo-
meadows; frequent in Britain. Sisymbrium palústre, Leys. A. nariénse, Poir. dict. 7. p. 205. Flowers yellow.
Flowers yellow. Root per-
hal. no. 679. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 187. Sisymbrium terrestre, pendicular.
With. brit. 582. Curt. fl. lond. 5. t. 49. Smith, engl. bot. 1747. Buenos-Ayrean Nasturtium or Water Radish. Pl. 3 foot.
Stok. mat. med. 3. p. 447. Sisymbrium amphíbium a, Huds. 10 N. CERATOPHY'LLUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 193.) leaves linear,
2. H.
car.

CRUCIFERÆ. III. NASTURTIUM.
157
,
p. 137.
pinnatifidly-toothed, smoothish ; pods shorter than the pedicel. with the style. 4. H. Native nearly throughout the whole
O. H. Native of Mauritania in sandy places near Cafsa. Si- of Europe, also in North America and Japan in rivers and ditches
sýmbrium ceratophyllum, Desf. atl. 2. p. 82. t. 154. Flowers and places about their banks not constantly overflowed; plentiful
yellow; petals entire, one half longer than the calyx.
in Britain. Sisymbrium amphibium, Lin. spec. 917. Smith,
Horn-leaved Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. June, July. engl. bot. t. 1840. Sisym. Roìpra, Scop. carn. ed. 2. no. 823.
Clt. 1820. Pl. i foot.
Camelina aquática, Brot. A. lus. 1. p. 564. Sisymb. diversi-
11 N. CORONOPIFOLIUM (D.C. syst. 2. p. 194.) leaves lanceo- folium, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 450. Root not creeping.
late, pinnatifidly-toothed, pubescent; stem almost naked, ascen- Flowers small, bright yellow.
dant; pods linear, incurved, length of the pedicels. O. H. Var. a, indivisum (Ď. C. syst. 2. p. 197.) leaves all somewhat
D.
Native of North Africa in a sandy desert near Cafsa. Sisym- entire or serrated, not, or scarcely auricled at the base. Sisym-
brium coronopifòlium, Desf. atl. 2. p. 82. t. 154. Stems tufted. brium aquáticum, Gars. fig. t. 549.
Lower leaves almost like those of Plantàgo coronopus. Flowers Var. B, variifolium (D. C. syst. 1. c.) some of the leaves are
yellow.
serrated, others pectinately pinnatifid, and others are capilla-
Buckhorn-leaved Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. winter ; ceously-multifid.—Bauh. hist. 2. p. 867. f. 2.
in England in July, Sept. Clt. 1820. Pl. | foot.
Var. Y, auriculatum (D. C. syst. 1. c.) leaves undivided,
12 N. BURSIFOLIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 194.) leaves villous, eared at the base. Sisymbrium stoloníferum, Presl. fl. cech.
radical ones pinnatifid, stem ones sagittate, entire, acuminated ;
stems erect, and are as well as pedicels hispid. O. H. Native Amphibious Yellow Cress or Great Water Radish. Fl. June,
of Kamtschatka. Sisymbrium bursifòlium, Patr. ined. Root Aug.
Aug. Britain. Pl. aquatic.
simple, perpendicular. Petals larger than the calyx, pale yellow. 18 N. NA'TANS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 198.) emersed leaves lan-
Shepherd's-purse-leaved Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. ceolate, entire, or serrated, immersed ones bi-tripinnatifid, with
June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. ] foot.
1 /
capillary segments; pods obovate, length of style. 4. H. Native
13 N. SAGITTA'TUM (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 111.) of Siberia in stagnant, saltish water at the river Alei, also of
pubescent; radical leaves dentately-runcinate, stem ones sagit- North America in water in Canada about Montreal. Deless.
tate, oblong, blunt; stems erect, branching from the base; pods icon. sel. 2. t. 15. Myàgrum natans, Patr. ined.
;
Flowers
deflexed. 2. H. Native of Siberia at the Caspian sea. Si- smaller than those of N. amphibium, pale yellow, or almost white.
symbrium. mólle. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 122. Sisymbrium sagit- Floating Yellow Cress or Water Radish. Fl. June, Aug.
tàtum, Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 390. Flowers pale yellow. Clt. 1826. Pl. floating.
Arrow-leaved Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. May, June. 19 N. HETEROPHY'LLUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 202.)
Clt. 1780. Pl. į to 1 foot.
smooth; stem angular, a little branched ; leaves toothletted,
14 N. GLAUCOPHYÖLLUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 195.) very smooth ; obovate, or rhomboid, entire, or somewhat lyrate, lower ones
radical leaves stalked, obovately-orbicular, crenate, leathery; stalked, upper ones sessile ; siliques almost cylindrical, elon-
upper ones linear, scale-like. 2 ? H. Native of Persia near gated, straight. 0. H. Native of Java and Nipaul. Flowers
Teheran. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 14. Stems slender. A very small, white.
distinct species from the whole. Perhaps it belongs to section Variable-leaved Nasturtium. Pl. foot.
1 / 2
Clandestinària. Flowers yellow.
20 N. SPA'RSUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 202.) leaves pin-
Glaucous-leaved Nasturtium or Water Radish. Pl. 1 foot. nate ; leaflets oval-oblong, obtuse, deeply serrated, pubescent,
15 N. LIPPIZE'NSE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 195.) radical leaves mucronulate ; corymbs few-flowered; siliques terete, twice the
stalked, obovate, toothed, or somewhat lyrate, upper ones pin- length of the pedicels; stem erect, branched. O. H. Native
nate-parted ; lobes linear, entire ; pods linear, declinate. 4. H. of Nipaul.
Native of Croatia, Dalmatia, Carinthia, Hungary, about Lippa, Scattered Nasturtium. Pl. À foot.
and about Constantinople, &c., in rocky places, Sisymbrium Lip-
pizénse, Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 161. icon. rar. 3, t. 505. Si- SECT. III. CLANDESTINA'RIA (from clandestinus, hidden,
symbrium sylvestre, var. B, Willd. spec. 3. p. 490. An inter- secret ; in allusion to the small, hardly evident petals, as well
mediate species between N. Pyrenàicum and N. sylvestre. as from the species being imperfectly known). D. C. syst. 2.
Flowers yellow.
p. 198. prod. 1. p. 139. Petals none, or very small, and white.
Lippa Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. May, June. Clt. Pods somewhat cylindrical. A doubtful section. The generic
1820. Pl. foot.
characters of the species are not sufficiently known. Perhaps
16 N. PYRENA'ICUM (R. Br. in hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 110.) some of them belong to Sisymbrium, others to Arabis.
radical leaves stalked, obovate or lyrate, stem ones stem-clasp- 21 N. BENGHALE'NSE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 198.) leaves obo-
ing, pinnate-parted ; lobes linear, entire ; pods oval, pointed with vately-cuneated, toothed at the apex; pods somewhat cylin-
the style. 4. H. Native of Spain and the Pyrenees and many drical and rather turgid ; pedicels a little shorter than the pods,
other parts of the south of Europe, in dry hilly or mountainous
furnished with bracteas. O? H. Native of Bengal, Sinapis
pastures or in the fissures of rocks. Sisymbrium Pyrenaicum, Benghalensis, Roxb. ined. This species and the following are
Lin. spec. 917.
. 917. Brachylobos Pyrenaicus, All. ped. no. 1013. allied to Kibèra, the IVth section of Sisymbrium in the dispo-
t. 18. f. 1. Myàgrum Pyrenaicum, Lam. dict. 1. p. 571.
571. Le- sition of their flowers, but differ essentially in the short pods
pídium stylòsum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 187. Root creeping. Flowers and accumbent cotyledons. Petals small, white.
small, yellow.
Bengal Nasturtium. Fl. in summer. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
Var. B, Brachýlobos Domingénsis, Desf. jour. 1814. vol. 3. 22 N. DIFFU'SUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 139.) leaves smooth,
. p. 183. Sisymbrium Domingénse, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 161.
4. stalked, oval-oblong, toothed, lower ones somewhat pinnatifid;
Native of St. Domingo.
pods cylindrical, 3-times longer than the pedicels, distinct from
Pyrenean Nasturtium or Water Radish. Fl. May, June. the style ; some of the pedicels are furnished with bracteas,
Clt. 1775. Pl. Į to 1 foot.
some are naked. O. H. Native of Java. Stems many, dif-
17 N. AMPHIBIUM (R. Br. in hort, kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 110.) fuse. Pedicels 3 lines long. Petals small, white.
leaves oblong-lanceolate, lyrately-pinnatifid or serrated; root Diffuse Nasturtium. P. 1 foot.
fibrous; petals larger than the calyx; pods ellipsoid, pointed 23 N. MICROSPER'MUM (D, C. syst. 2. p. 199.) leaves smooth,

158
CRUCIFERÆ. III. NASTURTIUM. IV. LEPTOCARPÆA. V. NOTOCERAS.
p. 140.
radical ones stalked, pinnate-parted, cauline ones stem-clasping, sections Cardáminum and Brachýlobos, require a moist soil,
deeply serrated; pods somewhat cylindrical ; pedicels very short, some will require to be planted in water. The annual species
furnished with bracteas. O. H. Native of China in the pro- may be sown in the open borders early in the spring. The rest
vince of Shantong. Flowers small, white, sessile, solitary, in the
,
will grow under any circumstances. .
bosom of the bracteas.
IV. LEPTOCARPÆA (Xentos, leptos, slender, Kaptos,
(λεπτος, , , καρπος,
Small-seeded Nasturtium. Pl. 1 foot.
11
24 N. CLANDESTI'NUM (Spreng. nov. prov. p. 29. no. 63.) karpos, a fruit ; slender pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 201. prod. 1.
leaves pinnate ; lobes cordate, roundish, stalked, repand, ter-
Lin. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique nearly cylin-
minal one large; pods somewhat cylindrical, elongated. O.H.
Native of Brasil. Flowers inconspicuous, without petals. Like
drical, very slender, almost parallel with the axis. Stigma sessile,
two-lobed. Calyx spreading, equal. Seeds small, disposed in
N. officinale.
one or perhaps in two series. The cotyledons are perhaps in-
Hidden-petalled Nasturtium. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. P.] ft.
25 N. I'NDICUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 199.) smooth; lower leaves
cumbent, and if so, it should have been placed next to Sisym-
brium. An annual, erect, branching, herb, with pinnate-parted
spatulate, runcinately-toothed, upper ones lanceolate, tooth-letted;
pods somewhat cylindrical
, 4-times longer than the pedicels
. leaves and yellow scentless flowers.
1 L. LÆSE'LII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 202.). O. H. Native of
O. H. Native of the East Indies and China. Sisymbrium
I'ndicum, Lin. mant. 93. Flowers small, without petals.
Germany and other parts of Europe, on walls and similar places.
Var. B, Sisymbrium Sinàpis, Burm. fl. ind. 140. exclusive of Sisymbrium Losèli, Lin. spec. 921. Jacq. fl
. aust. t. 324.
Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1904. t. 187. Sisymbrium híspidum,
the synonyms.
Native of Java.
Var. y, Sisymbrium apétalum. Desf. cat, hort.
Moench. suppl. 83. Turrìtis Læselii, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed.
1804.
par.
p. 130. but not of Lour. Sisymb. dubium, Pers. ench. 2. p. 199.
2. vol. 4. p. 109. Leaves stalked, pinnate-parted, somewhat
Indian Nasturtium. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. foot.
lyrate; lobes deeply toothed, accuminated. Racemes terminal,
26 N. Ape’TALUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 200.) leaves downy, has- elongated. Pedicels filiform, slender, bractless, spreading ob-
tate at the base, pinnatifid at the apex ; pods somewhat cylin-liquely.
,
drical, declinate. O ? H. Native of Cochin-China in gardens
Læsel's Leptocarpæa. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1683. Pl. 1 foot.
and in humid places. Sisymbrium apétalum, Lour, coch. ed.
Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in the open
Willd. 2. p. 486. Root fusiform. Petals wanting.
border, or on rock-work, where it will succeed better, and it
p
Petalless Nasturtium. Pl. 1 foot.
may afterwards be allowed to sow itself. Not worth general cul-
tivation.
27 N.? ARABIFO'RME (D. C. syst. 2. p. 220.) leaves smooth,
bluntly sagittate, oblong-lanceolate, pointed, entire; pods some-
V. NOTO'CERAS (from vwtos, notos, the back, and kepas,
what cylindrical, ascending ; petals oblong, longer than the
keras, a horn ;) pods furnished with horns or points on the back at
calyx. Native of South America between Santa Rosa de la
Sierra and Puerto de Varientos, at the height of 4050 feet.
the apex (f. 46. a.). R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 1812. vol. 4. p. 117.
D.C. syst. 2. p. 202. prod. 1. p. 140.
Arabis resediflòra, H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 81.
.
Flowers white ; petals oblong-linear, drawn out at the base, 2-edged, the valves are drawn out at top into a horn or
Lin. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique quadrangular,
double the length of the calyx.
mucrone.
Arabis-like Nasturtium. Pl. 1] foot.
Seeds oval, compressed. Small annual herbs with
erect or procumbent stems, and oblong or nearly linear, entire or
of Species not sufficiently known.
sinuated leaves. Racemes opposite the leaves, also situated at
28 N. NEBRODE'NSE
(Raf. in Desf. journ. 1814. vol. 2. p. petals.
the lower part of the stem. Flowers small, sometimes without
. .
270.). Native of the Nebrodes in Sicily. Sisymbrium Nebro-
dense, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 161. Radical leaves stalked, oblong, Sect. I. Dicera'Tium (from dıç, dis, two, kepac, keras, a
wedge-shaped, stem ones sessile, ovate toothed. Pods oval- horn ; pods furnished with two horns or points at the apex.) Lag.
oblong. Petals equal in length with the calyx.
el. hort. madr. 1815. p. 20. D. C. syst. 2. p. 203. prod. 1. p.
Nebrode Nasturtium. Pl. 1 foot.
140. Silique dehiscent, 2-horned. Seeds compressed. Cotyle-
29 N. HI'SPIDUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 201.). Native of Penn- dons parallel with the dissepiment. Flowers small, yellow.
sylvania. Sisymbrium híspidum, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 161. but not Leaves entire, covered with appressed strigose 2-parted hairs.
of Vahl. nor Mench. Brachylobos híspidus, Desf. jour. 1814. 1 N. CANARIE'NSE (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p.
vol. 3. p. 183. Leaves somewhat villous, pinnatifidly-runcinate; 117.) pods 2-horned ; petals equal ; leaves entire ; hair pressed,
.
lobes toothed; teeth acute. Pods short, elliptical.
2-parted strigose, fixed by their cen-
Hispid Nasturtium. Pl. 2 feet.
tre, scattered. O. H. Native of
FIG. 48,
30 N. ATROVI
' RENS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 201.) 0. H. Native the Canary Islands, particularly
of China. Sisymbrium atrovírens, Horn. hafn. suppl. p. 72. Teneriffe. Jacq. fil. ecl. t. 111.
Habit of N. amphibium. Lower leaves lyrately-pinnatifid, upper Erysimum bicórne, Ait. hort. kew.
ones ovate-lanceolate, repandly-toothed. Pods arched.
ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 394. Seeds near-
Evergreen Nasturtium. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 ft. ly orbicular, compressed, 4 in each
31 N. MYRIOPHY'LLUM (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 883.) leaves bi- cell.
pinnate, and are as well as the erect branched stem, hoary with Canary-Island Notoceras. Fl.
stellate pubescence; leaflets oblong, obtuse, cut; racemes strict; Aug. Sept. Clt. 1779. Pl. I foot.
flowers small; siliques lanceolate, smooth, erect, terminated by 2 N. HISPA'NICUM (R. Br. in
the short style. Native of Quito. Sisymbrium myriophyllum, hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 117.)
Willd. in herb. Humb.
pods 2-horned; petals unequal ;
Myriad-leaved Nasturtium. Pl. 2 feet.
leaves entire; hairs strigose, fixed
Cult. The species are mostly weedy and not worth culti- by their middle ; hence 2-parted,
vating for ornament, and therefore they are only fit for the crowded. O. H. Native of Spain,
arrangements in botanic gardens. Those species belonging to
.
among sandy-calcareous rubbish.
a
1

CRUCIFERÆ. V. NOTOCERAS,
159
VI. BARBAREA.
a
p. 460.
Diceràtium prostratum, Lag. elench. hort. madr. 1815. p. 20.- Gebber Beyfuss and falsche Bumon. In Denmark, Vinterkars. In
Deless. iconsel. 2. t. 17. Very like N. Canariénse, but differ- Sweden, Vinterkrass. In France, La Barbaree, l'herbe Saint
ing by its smaller, more rigid, and more prostrate habit.
Barbe, Roquette, l'herbe aux Charpentiers. In Italy, erba di
Spanish Notoceras.
Fl. Year. Clt. 1820. Pl. į trailing. Santa Barbara, Roquetta. In Spain and Portugal, Herva, or
Herba de Santa Barbara and Ruqueta.
Sect. II. TETRACERA'TIUM (from tepa, tetra, four-fold, and
Herb St. Barbara, Common Winter-Cress, or Yellow Rocked.
kepas, keras, a horn; pods furnished with four horns at the
apex,)
Fl. May, Aug. Britain. Pl. 1 or 14 feet.
(f. 46. a.). D. C. syst. 2. p. 204. prod. 1. p. 140. Siliques lower
leaves lyrate, terminal lobe ovate ; upper leaves pinnate-
. .).
2 B. PRÆcox (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 109.)
4-horned. Flowers small, perhaps without petals. Leaves sinu-
ately-toothed. Plants covered with soft-branched down. parted ; lobes linear-oblong, quite entire ; silique linear-elong-
3 N. QUADRICÓRNE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 204.) pods 4-horned ated, compressed 2-edged, crowned by a very short thickened style.
(f. 46. a.); leaves sinuately-toothed; down soft-branched. O.H. 4. H. Native of France, England, (most common in Devon-
Native of Siberia, between the rivers Volga and Kuma, or Kama. shire) in watery, grassy places, or on the banks of ditches. Also
Erysimum quadricórne, Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 514. Deless. of North America, on banks of rivers; abundant from Canada to
icon. sel. 2. t. 16.
Lat. 68º. Erýsimum præ'cox, Smith. fl. brit. 2. p. 707. eng. .
Four-horned-podded Notoceras. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1817. bot. t. 1129. Erýsimum tenuifolium, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3.
Pl. { foot.
This plant is called in German, Americanisher; in French,
Secr.? III. Macrocera TIUM (from uaxpos, makros, long, American-Cress, or' Black American-Cress, French-Cress
, or
Cresson d'Amerique, or Roquette des Jardins. In English,
and kepac, keras, a horn; pods furnished with two long horns or
,
points at the apex.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 204. prod. 1. p. 140.
Belle isle-Cress. It is generally liked as a winter cress, and
Siliques indehiscent, 2-horned. Seeds oblong, contrary to the
early spring salad, resembling in flavour the common water-cress,
dissepiment. Flowers white. Leaves pinnate. Perhaps a pro-
but rather more bitter. It is in demand in some places through-
out the year. It is raised from seeds, and for every ten feet of
per genus.
4 N.? CARDAMINEFÒLIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 205.) pods 2-
drill
, a quarter of an ounce will be requisite. Sow in a bed of
horned ; leaves smooth, pinnate. O. H. Native of Pontus, in
light dry earth, rather in drills nine inches apart than broad-
cast.
fields, at the Bosphorus, and in the Island of Cyprus. Deless.
For winter and spring use make a sowing in the last fort-
icon. sel. 2. t. 18. Lepídium cornùtum, Smith. A. græc. t. 617.
night of August or beginning of September, on a warm sheltered
border.
Andrzejówskia Cardamine, Rchb.—Buxb. cent. 1. p. 5. t. 9.
If wanted throughout summer sow every six weeks
f. 1. Stem simple or scarcely branched.
from March to August, giving a sunny or shaded situation, ac-
Lady's-Smock-leaved Notoceras. Fl. May, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
cording to the advancement of the season. Water occasionally
Cult. These plants may be sown in the open border, in com-
in hot dry weather. At the approach of winter, shelter the
mon garden soil ; but, however, they answer better for rock-
plants, by laying a few light twigs among them, so as not to in-
work. Not worth cultivating for ornament.
terfere with their growth, and upon these a covering of fern,
reeds, or dry litter. The plants being cut, or the outside leaves
stripped off, shoot again for another gathering. Let a few choice
VI. BARBARE'A (anciently called herb of St. Barbara.) plants, raised in spring, run to seed; which will be ready to ga-
R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 109. D. C. syst. 2. p. 205.
ther before the decline of summer.
prod. 1. p. 140.
Early Winter-Cress. Fl. April, Oct. Britain. Pl. 1 to 11 feet.
LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique 4-sided; 2- 3 B. RUPI'COLA (Moris. stirp. sard. elench. fasc. 1. ex. bull.
edged ; valves concave-keeled, awnless at the apex. Calyx sc. July, 1828. p. 348.) plant tufted ; lower leaves on long peti-
equal at the base. Seeds disposed in one series. Herbs oles, simple or somewhat lyrate, with the terminal lobe cordate-
nial, very smooth, with fibrous roots and erect stems. Racemes ovate; upper leaves deeply pinnatifid ; siliques long, straight ;
terminal, erect. Pedicels bractless. Flowers yellow.
petals obovately-spatulate. 4. H. Native of Sardinia, upon
1 B. vulgA'RIS (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 109.) rocks in the mountains.
VULGA'RIS
rocks in the mountains. This species is very like B. præ'cox.
lower leaves lyrate, terminal lobe roundish ; upper leaves obo- Rock Winter-Cress. Fl. Ap. Ju. Pl. 1 foot.
vate, toothed or pinnatifid ; silique tetragonal, linear, pointed 4 B. TAU’RICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 207.) radical and lower
with the style. 4. H. Native nearly throughout Europe, in leaves pinnatifidly-lyrate; terminal lobe and upper leaves
moist waste places, about hedges and marshy meadows; plentiful ovate, toothed ; pedicels spreading ; pods ascending. 4. H.
;
in Britain, also in the islands of Unalaschka, Kamtschatka, and at Native of Tauria and Volhynia, in ditches and hedges; also in
the mouth of the Columbia river. Erysimum Barbarèa, Lin. the Alps of Caucasus. Erýsimum arcuàtum, Presl. fl. cech. 138.
Var. a, and y, Oed. fl. dan. t. 985. Smith. eng. Barbarea arcuata, Andrz. in. litt. and Rchb. Root creeping.
bot. 443. Schkuhr. handb. no. 1834. t. 183. Schrank, mon. Taurian Winter-Cress. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1826. Pl. 17 foot.
2. t. 128. Erýsimum lyræfòlium, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 5 B. IBE'RICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 208.) radical and lower
459.
leaves pinnate-parted, lyrate; lateral lobes ovate ; terminal one
Var. B, flore pleno (D. C. syst. 2. p. 206.) flowers double, cordate, entire; upper leaves bluntly-auricled at the base.
yellow.
4. H. Native of Siberia, at Achalgory; also of Podolia?
Var. 7, gràcilis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 206.) stem slender, sparingly Cheiránthus Ibéricus, Willd. enum. 2. p. 681. Cheiránthus
branched ; upper leaves somewhat cut. 2. H. Native of Si- lævigàtus, Willd. herb. Barbarèa strícta, Bess. enum. volh.
beria and Kamtschatka. Perhaps a proper species. Plant inter- no. 1551. Pods straight, pressed to the rachis.
mediate between B. vulgàris and B. præcox.
Iberian Winter-Cress. Fl. May, Aug. Cit. 1816. Pl. į foot.
The whole herb has a nauseous bitter taste, and is in some 6 B. PLANTAGINEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 208.) lower leaves
degree mucilaginous, and it is sometimes cultivated as a spring dentately-lyrate, lateral lobes tooth-like, terminal one large,
salad, but has nothing in flavour to recommend it. In Sweden somewhat cordate; upper leaves ovate; pods somewhat in-
they boil the leaves as kale. In Germany the plant is called curved. Native of the Levant, Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 19. Si-
Winterkresse, Barbenkraut, Rapunzel, Seuskraut, Habichtskraut, symbrium Barbarèa, Lin. spec. 921. Very like B. vulgàris, but
a
Herbs peren-
spec. 922.

t. 22.
a
a
-
160
CRUCIFERÆ. VI. BARBAREA. VII. STEVENIA. VIII. Braya. IX. Turritis.
it is larger in all its parts. Radical leaves lyrate, emulating Carinthia and Salisburgh, in the Alps. Deless. icon. sel. 2.
those of Dorònicum plantagineum.
Plantain-leaved Winter-Cress. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1799. Alpine Braya. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 inch.
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
2 B. GLABE'LLA (Richard, in Frankl. narr, journ. p. 743.)
7 B. INTEGRIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 208.) radical leaves en- leaves linear, for the most part remotely toothed; fructiferous,
tire, oblong, stalked ; stem ones auriculately-stem-clasping. racemes loose, elongated. 4. H. Native of Copper moun-
4. H. Native of Cappadocia. Pods unknown, but from the tains, from Point Lake to the Arctic Sea. Stems erect, ribbed.
habit of the plant it appears to be related to Barbarèa.
Pods torulose.
Entire-leaved Winter-Cress. Pl. foot.
1 /
Smooth Braya. Fl. April, June. Pl. 3 inches.
Cult. None of these plants are worth cultivating for orna- 3 B. PILÒSA (Hook. f. bor. amer. t. 17. f. A.) stem woody at
ment, except the double flowering variety of Barbarèa vulgaris, the base ; leaves lanceolate, pilose rosulate, entire; scapes
commonly called Double-yellow Rocket, which is certainly a very naked; racemes crowded many-flowered, at length elongated;
ornamental plant for flower borders ; this may be increased by stigma slightly 2-lobed. 4. H. Native of North America,
cuttings, suckers, or dividing the plants at the root. The B. perhaps on the Rocky Mountains. Every part of the plant ap-
præ cox is cultivated in gardens as a spring salad, and this as pears to be more or less pilose. A beautiful tufted plant.
well as the rest of the species are easily increased by seed, or di- Pilose Braya. Fl. April, June. Pl. | foot.
viding the plants at the root. They thrive best in a damp or Cult. The species of this genus are pretty little alpine plants ;
moist situation, in any kind of soil.
they should be kept in pots of a small size, which should be well
drained with potsherds, and treated as other alpine plants. The
VII. STEVE'NIA (in honour of Christian Steven, Coun- mould which answers them best, is an equal mixture of sand,
sellor of the university of Moscow, author of a paper on some loam, and peat. They may be increased by dividing the plants
new plants from Caucasus, published in Lin. Transactions, vol. at the root, or by seeds. If they would stand the winter unshel-
xi.) Ādams, et Fisch. in mem. loc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 84. D. C. tered, they would be a desirable addition to rock-plants.
syst. 2. p. 209. prod. 1. p.
141.
LIN. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa.
Siliquosa. Silique oblong, few- IX. TURRITIS (from turris, a tower ; in allusion to the
seeded, narrowest between the seeds (f. 46. 6.); valves flat, disposition of the foliage on the stems, which gives to them
somewhat torulose. Calyx bisaccate at the base. Herbs grey- a pyramidal form; from the same reason the plants are called
ish-velvety from branched down. Stems erect, cylindrical, more Tower-Mustard.) Dill. nov. gen. in pl. giess. p. 120. t. 6.
or less branched, rarely simple. Leaves oblong, entire. Flowers Gært. fruct. 2. p. 297. t. 143. D. C. syst. 2. p. 211. prod. 1.
white or purplish. Pods erect pubescent. Racemes terminal: p. 141.
p
pedicels bractless.
LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique linear, with
1 S. ALYSSOIDES (Adams, et Fisch. I. c. 5. p. 84.) stem some- flat valves. Seeds in two rows in each cell. Herbs erect, adult
what ascendant, much branched; pods shorter than the pedicels. ones usually smooth, but the younger ones are scabrous. Cau-
O. H. Native of Siberia, in the mountains about Werkhojana, line leaves clasping the stem, somewhat sagittate, radical ones
and among stones on the banks of the river Lena, below Shi- toothed, drawn out along the petiole. Racemes elongated.
gansk. Flowers white; petals oval-oblong, entire. Deless. Pedicels bractless. Flowers white, or sulphur-coloured.
icon. sel. 2. t. 20. The whole plant is covered with stellate hairs. 1 T. GLA'BRA (Lin. spec. 930.) erect; radical leaves stalked,
Alyssum-like Stevenia. Fl. Jun. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. Å foot. toothed, pilose ; cauline ones broad-lanceolate, sagittate, clasping
2 S. CHERANTHOIDES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 210.) stem strictly the stem, quite entire, smooth glaucous ; pods narrow-linear;
erect, simple or sparingly branched; pods longer than the pedi- erect, six times longer than the pedicels ; petals hardly longer
cels. 3. H. Native of Ulterior Siberia. Altaia, on a stony than the calyx. 7. H. Native throughout Europe in dry ex-
hill on the western side of the town, called Gazimour. De- posed situations: in Britain, on banks by road sides, in a dry
less. icon. sel. 2. t. 21. Sisymbrium tomentosum, Stev. in litt. gravelly soil, rare in Scotland; also of North America, from
Cheiránthus salinus, Willd. herb. Root hard, rather woody. Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains, and as far north as lat. 64º.
Flowers varying from white to purplish.
Smith,
eng.
bot. t. 777. Fl. dan. t. 809. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no.
Var. B, A'rabis incarnata, Pall. in herb. Lamb. Differs 1859. t. 185. Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 464.
A'rabis perfo-
from the species in having longer leaves, which are nearly an liàta, Lam. dict. 1. p. 219. A'rabis glabra, Weim. cat. hort.
inch long, and in having a more branched stem.
dorp. 1810. p. 18. Sisymbrium simplicíssimum, Lapeyr. abr.
Wall-flower-like Stevenia. Fl. Jun. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. ft. 382. Flowers pale, sulpher-coloured.
Cult. The species of this genus answer well for ornament- Var. B, ramosa (D. Č. syst. 2. p. 212.) Turrìtis major, Clus.
ing rock-work, where the seeds should be sown in the spring, hist. 2. p. 126. f. 2.
but not sooner than the end of March.
Smooth or Common Tower Mustard. Fl. May, June. Bri-
tain. Pl. 2 or 3 feet.
VIII. BRA'YA (in honour of Gabriel, Count Bray, a Bava- 2 T. SALSUGINOSA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 212.) leaves smooth,
rian nobleman and botanist.) Sternb. et Hopp. diss. with a figure. lower ones toothed, cauline ones entire, clasping the stem ; pods
ex Gott. anzeig. Jan. 1827. p. 155. D. C. syst. 2. p. 210. erectish, four times longer than the pedicels. 0. H. Native
O.
prod. 1. p. 141.
of Siberia. Very common about salt lakes, and on the gravelly
LIN. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique oblong, some-
Lin
banks of ditches, especially at the lakes Irtish and Baical, and
what cylindrical ; with flattish valves and a sessile stigma. in Dahuria, beyond the river Kur. Sisymbrium salsugíneum,
Seeds few, ovate. Calyx equal at the base.—Small herbs with Pall. itin. 2. append. no. 114. t. V. ed. gall. min. 8. p. 342.
.
the habit of Arabis cærulea, villous with branched down. no. 348. t. 64. Flowers small white. Seeds yellow.
Leaves linear smooth; radical ones crowded, stem ones few. Brine Tower Mustard. Fl. May, Jun. Clt. 1819. Pl. 2 ft.
Racemes terminal, at first corymbose, afterwards lengthening 3 T. HISPÍDULA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 213.) leaves scabrous with
Pedicels shorter than the calyx. Flowers purplish. flocky, down, cauline ones clasping the stem, oblong-lanceolate,
1 B. ALPÌNa (Sternb. et. Hopp. 1. c.) leaves spatulately-linear, and somewhat serrated; pods erectish, somewhat scabrous, three
entire ;
fructiferous, racemes short. 4. H. Native of Upper
4. H. Native of Upper times longer than the pedicel.
times longer than the pedicel. O. H. Native of South Ame-
-
out.

CRUCIFERÆ. IX. TURRITIS. X. ARABIS.
161
7.
a
-
rica, in the kingdom of Quito, in the mountain Cotopaxi, at the ones sessile or clasping the stem, entire or toothed, rarely lobed.
height of 6600 feet. A'rabis andícola, H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. Hairs variable, but usually those on the stems are simple, and
amer. 5 p. 81. Petals white, linear, blunt. Seeds innumerable, those on the leaves are either bifid or trifid. Racemes terminal;
small, brown.
pedicels bractless. Flowers white, very rarely red. The genus
Hispidish Tower-Mustard. Pl. 2 feet.
is called Wall-Cress in English, because the species usually grow
4 T. MOLLIS (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 40.) erect; lower leaves in stony places or on walls.
spatulate, sinuately-toothed, upper ones lanceolate, broadly-sa-
gittate, quite entire, all as well as the stem and pedicels covered Sect. I. ALOMATIUM (from a, priv. and lwua, loma, fringe,
with numerous spreading soft hairs ; siliques linear-elongated, in allusion to the seeds being destitute of a wing round their
erect. O. H. Native of North America, on the shores of the
edge, or with a very narrow one). D. C. syst. 2. p. 214. prod.
Arctic Sea. Flowers white.
1. p. 142. Seeds not edged, or girded with a very narrow wing.
Soft Tower-Mustard. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 foot.
5 °T. strícta (Graham in edinb. phil. journ. July, 1829. p. $ 1. Obovatipétala. Cauline leaves cordate, clasping the stem.
Hook. l. c.) erect, smooth ; leaves lanceolate, radical ones Limb of petals obovate, spreading, distinct from the claw.
stalked, toothed, cauline ones sagittate, half stem-clasping, a little
toothed, siliques linear-elongated, erect. O. H. Native of 1 A. VE'RNA (R. Br. in hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 105.)
North America, in prairies of the Rocky Mountains and about cauline leaves cordate, clasping the stem, toothed, scabrous
Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. Flowers pure white.
with 3-parted hairs ; pedicels shorter than the calyx; stigma
Straight-podded Tower-Mustard. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1826. somewhat emarginate. O. H. Native throughout the south
Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
of Europe in corn fields and gravelly places. Hésperis vérna,
.
6 T. PA'TULA (Graham, in edin. phil. journ. July, 1829. p. 7.
Lin. spec. 928. Smith, fl. græc. 641. A'rabis violácea, Moench.
Hook. l. c. but not of Ehrh. or Willd.) erect ; leaves lanceolate,
meth. 259. Turrìtis purpurea, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 491.-Mor.
,
radical ones stalked, toothed, cauline ones sagittate, half-stem-
hist. 2. p. 241. sect. 3. t. 8. f. 5. Petals small, purple, with a
clasping, smooth, and a little toothed; flowers spreading, as well
white claw.
as linear-elongated siliques. 0. H. Native of North America.
O. .
Vernal Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1710. Pl. 1 to ft.
Flowers rather large, of a beautiful rose-purple colour.
2 A. RO'SEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 215.) cauline leaves oblong,
Var. a, subpubescens; radical leaves sparingly pubescent.
somewhat cordate and somewhat stem-clasping, scabrous with
Native from Canada to Lat. 68º., and from Hudson's Bay to the
branched hairs; pedicels longer than the calyx ; stigma apicu-
Rocky Mountains, and even to Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia. lated. 7. H. Native of Calabria about Cozenza. Petals
Var. B, incàna ; radical leaves hoary with pubescence. Na- rose-purple, oblong, somewhat wedge-shaped, double the length
tive on the highest summits of the Rocky Mountains.
of the calyx. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 23.
Spreading Tower-Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 ft. Rose-coloured-flowered Wall-Cress. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 ft.
7 T. RETROFRA CTA (Hook. flor. bor. amer. p. 41.) plant
3 A. visco'sa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 216.) leaves distantly-toothed,
erect, hoary-pubescent, or smooth ; leaves lanceolate, radical scabrous with branched hairs; radical leaves stalked, obovate-
ones stalked-toothed, cauline ones sagittate, half-stem-clasping, oblong, very blunt, cauline ones ovate-cordate, clasping the stem;
smooth, a little toothed ; flowers drooping ; siliques linear, elon- pedicels equal in length with the calyx, which is hairy. 2. H.
,
gated, and are, as well as the pedicels, bent backwards. O. H. Native of the north of Persia on the Alps. Cardamine viscosa,
Native of North America, from Hudson's Bay to the Rocky
Gmel. in herb. Pall. A tufted plant, with white flowers.
Mountains, and from Canada to Lat. 68º., at the Mackenzie Clammy Wall-Cress. Fl. April, May. Pl. } foot.
River. A'rabis retrofracta, Graham, in edin. phil. journ. July,
4. A. ALPI'NA (Lin. spec, 928.) leaves many-toothed, lanceo-
1829. Flowers white, with a faint purplish tinge.
late, acute, villous with branched hairs, radical ones somewhat
Retrofracted pedicelled Tower-Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. stalked, cauline ones cordate, clasping the stem ; pedicels longer
1826. Pl. 1 foot.
than the calyx, which is smoothish. 4. H. Native of Europe
8.T. DIFFU'SA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 41.) plant quite
on rocks and among stones in calcareous mountains, in sunny
smooth, glaucous; stems branched, diffuse ; radical leaves spatu- situations ; Spain, Lapland, Greenland, Switzerland, Pyrenees,
late, almost entire, cauline ones sagittate, hardly toothed ; sili-
also Madeira and Labrador, &c. Curt. bot. mag. t. 226. A tufted
ques linear, spreading, twice as long as the pedicels. O. H. "plant, with white flowers.
Native of North America on the shores of the Arctic Sea. Var. B, Clusiàna (Schrank, A. mon. 2. p. 125.) leaves more
Flowers small, and probably white. This may prove to be a spe-
This may prove to be a spe- sparingly and more bluntly toothed.
sparingly and more bluntly toothed. Clus. hist. 2. p. 125. f. 2.
cies of A'rabis.
Var. y, nàna (Baugm. trans. 2. p. 263.) A dwarfer plant.
Diffuse Tower-Mustard. Pl. diffuse.
Alpine Wall-Cress. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1596. Pl. : ft.
Cult. As the species of this genus are all weedy-like plants,
5 A. AʼLBIDA (Stev. in cat. hort.gor. 1812. p. 51.) leaves few-
they are only fit for the arrangements in botanical gardens. They toothed, hoary, or downy with branched hairs ; radical leaves
only require to be sown in the open border ; or on rock-work, in obovate-oblong, cauline ones cordately-sagittate, clasping the
any kind of soil,
stem; pedicels longer than the calyx. 2. H. Native of
Tauria and Caucasus on rocks. Jacq. fil. ecl. 1. p. 105. t. 71.
A. Caucásica, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 45. Schrank. hort. mon.
X. A'RABIS (originally from Arabia, but this name is not
t. 24. A. alpīna, Pall. ined. Cheiranthus mollis, Horn. hort.
very precise, as the species of the genus are found in many parts hafn.
p. 615. Very like A. alpina, but easily distinguished from
of the world, in arid, stony, and sandy places, in cold and mild it by its larger flowers and few-toothed leaves. A tufted plant
climates). .
Lin. gen. no. 818. Lam. ill. t. 563. D. C. syst. 2. with white flowers.
p. 213. prod. 1. p. 142.
.
White-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1798. Pl. ft.
LIN. SYST.
Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique linear, with 6 A. UNDULA'TA (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 161.) stem
flat, 1-nerved valves. Seeds oval, or orbicular, compressed, in erect, and is hairy as well as the oblong-toothed waved leaves ;
1 row in each cell. Cotyledons flat. Herbs annual or perennial, pods spreading ; style the breadth of the pod. 4. H. Native
more or less branched. Radical leaves usually stalked, cauline of the south of Europe. Like A. álbida, but the whole plant is
Y
VOL. 1. PART II.
-

162
CRUCIFERÆ. X. ARABIS.
a
4. H.
a
smaller in all its parts, and the leaves are less hoary. A tufted tute distinct species, but they agree in habit and character, and
rather straggling plant with white flowers.
can scarcely be considered even varieties. Petals white, oblong.
Waved-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. May, Aug.
Fl. May, Aug. Pl. } foot.
I
Ear-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. May. Cult. 1805. Pl. foot.
Å
7 A. BILLARDIE'RII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 218.) leaves few-toothed, 14 A. SAXA'TILIS (All. ped. no. 973.) leaves somewhat
hoary or downy with branched hairs, lower ones obovately-wedge- toothed, scabrous with branched hairs, lower leaves oval, drawn
shaped, upper ones oblong and clasping the stem ; pedicels out a little along the petiole, stem ones acutely-cordate-auriculate;
longer than the calyx; pods, when nearly ripe, spreading. 4? pedicels at last 4-times longer than the calyx. f. H. Native
H. Native of Syria near Damascus, on a mountain called among rocks in the lower mountains of Provence, Dauphiny,
Dgebel-cher. A tufted plant with white flowers. Like A. al- Savoy, Vallais, and Piedmont. A. nova, spec. Vill. dauph. 3.
pina. Pods smooth, an inch and a half long.
319. t. 37. Petals white.
La Billardiere's Wall-Cress. Pl. 1 foot.
Var. B, Tourrette Cantonénse, (Reyn. mem. swiss. 1. p. 168.)
8 A. BREVI FOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 218.) leaves with a few Plant a little more hoary than the species.
blunt teeth, downy with branched hairs, radical ones obovate, Stone Wall-Cress. Fl. May, 1805. Pl. Å foot.
stem ones cordately-sagittate, ovate, nearly entire; pedicels 15 A. CRISPA'TA (Willd. enum. 684.) leaves acutely-toothed,
longer than the calyx; pods spreading, rather curved.
scabrous with branched hairs, lanceolate, clasping the stem,
Native of Syria. A tufted plant, with white flowers.
waved, radical ones drawn out along the petiole ; pedicels longer
Short-leaved Wall-Cress. Pl. I foot.
1 / 1
than the calyx ; pods spreading. 4. H. Native of Carniola.
9 A. THYRSOIDEA (Smith, fl. græc. t. 642.) leaves obovate, A tufted plant with obovate-oblong, blunt, white petals.
bluntly-toothed, hoary with branched hairs, cauline ones clasp- Crisp-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. May. Clt. 1816. Pl. foot.
}
ing the stem; racemes capitate; pedicels rather shorter than the 16 A. SAGITTA'TA (D. C. f. fr. suppl. 592. syst. 2. p. 221.)
calyx ; pods curved, ascendant. 4. H. Native of Bithynia leaves a little toothed, scabrous with branched hairs, radical ones
on the top of Mount Olympus. A tufted plant with white ovate or oblong, drawn out along the petiole, stem ones lanceo-
flowers.
late, sagittately-cordate ; pedicels length of calyx ; pods strictly
Thyrse-flowered Wall-Cress. Pl. į foot.
1 / 2
erect. f. H. *Native throughout the temperate parts of the
10 A. LONGIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 219.) leaves toothed, northern hemisphere in rugged places, among stones, &c. This
hoary with branched hairs, lower ones obovately-oblong, on long is a very variable plant, even in the same situation.
stalks, cauline ones oblong, somewhat stem-clasping ; pedicels Var. a, Gerardiàna (D. C. syst. 2. p. 222.) leaves scabrous,
longer than the calyx. 4. H. Native of Persia. Very like stem ones drawn out into auricles at the base. F.H. Native
A. álbida, but distinct. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 25. A tufted of the south of Europe, particularly in the south of France,
plant, with white flowers.
Italy, &c.
Long-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. Var. B, subglabràta (D. C. syst. 1. c.) leaves nearly smooth,
11 A. MO'LLIS (Stev. mem. soc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 270.) leaves stem ones auriculately-sagittate ; racemes compound. O. H.
grossly-toothed, somewhat pubescent with small stellate hairs, Native of Vascony. Flowers white.
lower ones on long petioles, cordate-roundish, cauline ones ovate- Var. y, ovata (D. C. syst. 1. c.) leaves scabrous, radical ones
.
cordate, clasping the stem. Native of Caucasus on shaded rocks. ovate toothed, cauline ones clasping the stem. 3. H. Native
Having the appearance of Alliària officinalis. Flowers white. of North America. A. ovata, Poir, suppl. 5.
. p. 557.
Soft Wall-Cress. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 2 feet. Var. d, oblongùta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves scabrous, radical ones
12 A. TOXOPHY'LLA (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 448.) leaves ovate-oblong, toothed, with the petiole shorter than the leaf,
somewhat pubescent with small stellate hairs, radical ones cauline ones sagittate, clasping the stem. F.H. Native of
oblong, stalked, rather sinuately-toothed, stem ones sagittate- North America, Turrìtis oblongata, Raf. amer. monthl. mag. 2.
lanceolate, quite entire ; pedicels longer than the calyx. 1.H.
Native of sunny fields on the lower Volga, not far from the Var. ε, longisiliquosa (D. C. syst. 1. c.) pods 10-times longer
colony of Sarepta, on hills about Catherinoslaw, also in the desert than the pedicels. A. longisiliquosa, Wallr. sched. p. 359.
.
of Issim. Sisymbrium salsugineum, Schlecht. in herb. Willd. Arrow-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. ? Pl.
A very distinct and elegant species. Flowers white, about the 17 A. HIRSUTA (Scop. carn. ed. 2. n. 835.) leaves toothed,
size of those of A. alpina.
scabrous with branched hairs, radical ones ovate-oblong, drawn
Bow-leaved Wall-Cress. Pl. 1 foot.
out along the petiole, stem ones ovate or lanceolate, sagittate;
§ 2. Oblongipétala. Cauline leaves cordate, clasping the
pedicels length of the calyx; pods numerous, erect.
8. H.
Petals oblong, or linear-cuneated, erect.
Native of middle and northern Europe in fields and rugged
places, viz. Germany and Austria, also of North America from
13 A. AURICULATA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 219.) leaves somewhat Hudson's Bay to the Rocky Mountains, and at the Columbia
toothed, scabrous with branched hairs, lower ones oval, drawn river on the north-west coast and from Canada to lat. 68°, as
out at the base into the petiole ; stem ones bluntly cordate-auri- well as in the island of Unalaschka and Kamtschatka ; in England,
culate; pedicels hardly longer than the calyx ; pods smooth or Sussex, in Switham Botton near Croydon, on the walls of La-
pubescent.
kenham church-yard near Norwich, also near Bury, &c. Frequent
Var. a, A. áspera (All. ped. auct. p. 18. t. 2. f. 2.). Native on dry rocks in Scotland, Schrank. fl. mon. 3. t. 248. Turritis
of Piedmont, Occitania, Provence, &c. on hills in sandy or hirsuta, Lin. spec. 930. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 126. Smith, engl.
gravelly soil.
bot. t. 587. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 185. Fl. dan. t. 1040.
Var. B, A. erécta (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 319. t. 37.). Native of A'rabis montàna, Lam. dict. 1. p. 219. Turritis ovata, Pursh, fi.
Spain in the same kind of situations as the rest.
amer. sept. 2. p. 438. Turrìtis sagittàta, Richards. in Frankl.
Var. 7, Turràtis pátula, (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 259 ?
259 ? Waldst. et 1st journ. ed. 2. app. p. 26. Scarcely distinct from A. sagit-
Kit. hung. 1. p. 59. t. 59.) Native of Hungary, &c.
tàta, unless that the leaves are not sagittate at the base. Flowers
Var. &, dasycarpa (Andrz. in litt.) pods pubescent. O. H. white.
Native of Thuringia and South Podolia. A. récta, Baugm. fl. Hairy Wall-Cress. Fl. May, July. Britain. Pl.1 or 1 ft.
trans. 2. p. 267. Pods pubescent, Wallr. All the above varie- 18 A. STENOPE'TALA (Willd. enum. suppl. 46.) leaves hispid,
ties have been considered by some botanists sufficient to consti- grossly toothed, radical ones oblong-lanceolate, stalked, cauline
p. 44.
ft.
stem.
ولا

CRUCIFERÆ. X. ARABIS.
163
7. H.
p. 224.
ones ovate, clasping the stem ; petals erect, linear, twice the length walls, dry banks, cottage roofs, and dry sandy ground ; plentiful
of the calyx. F.H. Native of Kamtschatka. Horn. hafn. 2. in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 901. Vahl. fl. dan. t. 1106.
p. 619. A. hirsùta, var. Cham. et Schlech. in Linnæa 1. p. 15.
p
Curt. lond. 2. t. 49. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 195. A. ramòsa, Lam.
Petals linear, blunt, white. Pods very upright.
fl. fr. 2. p. 510. Sisym. Thaliànum Monnard. Flowers white.
Narrow-petalled Wall-Cress. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1826. Pl. ft.
Var. ß. A. parviflòra, Raf. arner. month. mag. 1. p. 43.
19 A. CURTISI'LIQUA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 223.) leaves oblong, 1819. Jan. p. 194. O. H. Native of North America, in dry
nearly entire, ciliated with simple hairs, radical ones drawn out fields and on old walls, from New England to Virginia. Petals
along the petiole ; cauline ones clasping the stem a little ; pe- emarginate, hardly longer than the calyx. A'rabis Thaliàna
dicels length of calyx; pods erect.
Native of Scania. Pursh.
Turrìtis curtisíliqua, Fries ex Horn. herb. Flowers white.
Thalius's Wall-Cress. Fl. April, Jul. Britain. Pl.
Pl. 1 to 1 ft.
Short-podded Wall-Cress. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. ft. 26 A. SERPYLLIFÒLIA (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 318. t. 37.) leaves
almost entire, scabrous with branched hairs, radical and stem
§ 3. Sessilifòlia. Stem leaves sessile ; petals oblong, or linear-
ones oval, narrowed a little at the base ; racemes rather loose;
cuneated, erect.
pedicels length of calyx. 8. H. Native of the Alps of Pro-
20 A. ALLIO'NII (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 676.) leaves smooth, ra- vence, Dauphiny, Vallais, Pyrenees, on rocky parts of mountains.
dical ones ovate-oblong, somewhat toothed, drawn out at the Flowers white.
base, stem ones sessile, ovate, serrated; pedicels rather longer Wild-Thyme-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl.
than the calyx ; pods erect. 4. H. Native of Piedmont in ito į foot.
humid meadows. "Turrìtis stricta, All. auct. p. 18. T. nemo- 27 A. SPATULA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 227.) leaves entire,
rénsis, Wulf. Flowers white. Calyx pale, at last spreading a rough, lower ones spatulate, narrowed into the petiole, upper
,
little. Stem simple.
ones roundish, small; racemes short; pedicels length of calyx ;
Allioni's Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1804. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. pods erect. O. H. Native of Buenos Ayres, in fields, and in
21 A. MURA'LIS (Bertol. dec. ital. 2. p. 37.) leaves covered with the suburbs of Monte-Video. Petals white, small, scarcely
branched hairs, radical ones spatulate, bluntly-toothed, stem ones longer than the calyx. Sisymbrium spatulatum, Poir. dict. 7.
ovate, acutely toothed ; racemes straight ; pedicels at last double
the length of the calyx. 2. H. Native of Etruria. Cevennes, Spatulate-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
Savoy and Vallais on rocky mountains. A'rabis hùmilis, Schleich. 28 A. ? COMMERSÒNII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 228.) leaves almost
pl. helv. A tufted plant, with white flowers. Petals oblong. entire, ciliated, radical ones ovate-spatulate, stalked, stem ones
Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 / 2
į .
foot.
scarcely any ; racemes short; pedicels longer than the calyx.
22 A. STRI'CTA (Huds. angl. 292.) leaves ciliated-scabrous, 0.? H. Native of Buenos Ayres. Sisymbrium bellidifolium,
with bifid hairs, radical ones oblong, tapering to the base, some- Poir. dict. 7. p. 220. Petals white, hardly longer than the calyx.
what lyrately-pinnatifid, stem ones oblong, almost entire ; racemes Seed small, brownish.
straight; pedicels hardly longer than the calyx; pods elongated, Commerson's Wall-Cress. Pl. 1 foot.
erect. 4.H. Native of the temperate parts of Europe on 29 A. PUBE'scens (Poir. suppl. 1. p. 413.) leaves pubescent,
calcareous rocks. In England on lime-stone rocks, particularly deeply-toothed, radical ones spatulately-lanceolate, narrowed into
-
on St. Vincent's Rocks near Bristol, and on the south side of the the petiole, stem ones lanceolate; pedicels very short; podz
Avon about a mile below the hot wells, but sparingly. It is also pubescent, erect. .? H. Native of Algiers on the mountains.
said to be a native of Labrador. Smith, engl. bot. t. 614. Turrìtis pubescens, Desf. alt. 2. p. 92. t. 163. Petals linear,
Turrìtis Ràyi, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 326. t. 38. A. hispida, Ait. white, double the length of the calyx.
hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 400. but not of Lin. A. hírta, Lam. Pubescent Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
dict. 1. p. 220. A. montàna, Bern. A tufted plant, with white 30 A. PARVULA (Dufour, in D. C. syst. 2. p. 228.) leaves
flowers.
pubescent, a little toothed, lower ones obovate, stem ones ovate;
Straight Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Britain. Pl. to ft. pedicels very short ; pods pubescent, spreading a little.
4 J
O. H.
23 A. CILIA'TA (R. Br. in hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 107.) Native of Navarre and near Tudela in Spain. A. Römeriàna,
leaves somewhat toothed, smooth, ciliated, radical ones nearly Andrz. ined. Petals, when dry, pale yellow.
sessile, oval-oblong, stem ones oblong; racemes straight; pedi- Small Wall-Cress. Pl. 1 foot.
cels length of calyx. $. H. Native of the Alps in the southern
parts of Europe, particularly the Pyrenees. In Ireland by the
§ 4. Obovatipétila. Cauline leaves sessile or stalked; limb
sea-side at Rinville, Cunnamara, &c. Turrìtis alpina, Lin. syst.
of petals obovate or cuneated, distinct from the claw.
veg. ed. 13. p. 505.
p. 505. Willd.
spec.
3.
p.
545. Smith, engl. bot. 31 A. PROCU'RRENS (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 154. t. 144.)
t. 1746. Turrìtis ciliàta, Willd. spec. 3. p. 544. A. Madònia, leaves ovate, quite entire, smooth, ciliated with 2-parted hairs,
Presl. Closely allied to A. stricta, but differs from it in the radical ones narrowed into the petiole, stem ones sessile, pointed;
root being biennial, not perennial. Flowers white.
stolons creeping ; pods spreading. 4. H. Native of Bosnia
Ciliated-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. Jul. Aug. Ireland. Pl. 1 ft. and Servia on shaded limestone rocks. Nasturtium procúrrens,
24 A. INCA'NA (Roth. cat. bot. 1. p. 79.) leaves all sessile, Andrz, ined. A creeping tufted plant. Petals white, double the
and somewhat toothed, hoary with branched hairs, radical ones length of the calyx.
obovate-oblong, stem ones oblong; racemes erect; pedicels at Procurrent Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. Pl. foot.
least twice as long as the calyx.
S. H. Native of dry fields 32 A. PRÆ'cox (Waldst. et Kit. ined. ex Willd. enum. p. 684.)
in Switzerland and France. "Turrìtis minor, Schleich. pl. helv. leaves oblong, acute, sessile, quite entire, smooth ; stem strigose ;
Petals white, oblong, double the length of the calyx.
stolons creeping; pods spreading. 2. H. Native of Hungary.
Hoary Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1816. Pl.
Pl. foot. . A creeping tufted plant. Petals obovately-cuneated, white,
25 A. THALIA'NA (Lin. spec. 926.) leaves pilose, a little double the length of the calyx.
toothed, radical ones stalked, ovate-oblong; stem branched; pods Early-flowering Wall-Cress. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1819. Pl. to ft.
ascendant; pedicels much longer than the calyx. O. H. Na- 33 A. SCHIWERECKIA'NA (Andrz. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p.
tive of Europe from Spain to Petersburgh, and from England to 145.) leaves entire, scabrous with crowded branched hairs,
Greece ; also in Tauria, Persia, Dauria, and Teneriffe. On radical ones rosulate, obovate, stem ones oblong, erect, sessile
a
.
;
Y2

164
CRUCIFERÆ, X. ARABIS.
2.
p. 17.
4
inch long.
stems roughish; pods erect, smooth. 2. H. Native of Austria. the root, thicker, less branched, and less hairy ; flowers much
Like A. scabra in habit, but the pods are one-half narrower and smaller ; petals obovate. $. H. Native of Kamtschatka.
the seeds are hardly margined. Flowers white.
A. arenosa, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnæa. 1. p. 17.
.
Schivereck's Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Pl. ft. Gravel Wall-Cress. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1798. Pl. 1 foot.
34 A. PETRÆ'a (Lam. dict. 1. p. 221.) leaves smooth, ciliated 38 A. HALLE'RI (Lin. spec. 929.) lower leaves lyrate, stalked ;
or scabrous with simple or bifid hairs; radical ones on longish terminal lobe ovate; upper leaves lanceolate, cut; stem branch-
stalks, entire, toothed, or lyrate, stem ones oblong-linear, entire or ed, slender, clothed with soft villi ; pedicels and pods spreading.
toothed; stem usually branched; pods erectly-spreading ; stigma 4. 8. H. Native of moist mountainous places near rivulets
capitate ; petals obovate, unguiculate. 4. H. Native of many in Transylvania, Hungary, Piedmont, Switzerland, Austria, even
parts of Europe, also in the island of Unalaschka.
to the confines of Bohemia, &c. &c. Walds. et Kit. hung.
Var. a, Crantziana (D. C. syst. 2. p. 230.) pod long. A. p.
126. t. 120. A. stolonífera Clairv. herb. val. 223. Lower
Crantziana, Ehrh. herb. 78. A. Thaliana, Crantz. austr. 1. p. branches weak, having the appearance of runners, but not root-
39. t. 3. f. 2. Native of Austria and Transylvania in fissures of ing. Petals obovate, white, double the length of the calyx.
rocks and among stones. Flowers white or purplish.
Var. B, Kamtschática ; flowers smaller. 21. H. Native of
Var. B, hispida (D. C. 1. c.) Sisymbrium arenosum, Lin. fl. Kamtschatka. A. Halleri, Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnæa, 1.
suec. 233. not of his spec. pl. Oed. fl. dan. t. 386. A'rabis híspida,
Lin. fil. suppl. 298. Welch Rocket Cress, Pet. herb. brit. t. 50. Haller's Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1816. Pl. foot.
f f. 3. Cardámine petræ'a, Huds. ang. 293. Native of Scotland 39 A. STOLONIFERA (Horn. hort. hafn. 618.) radical leaves
and Wales on mountains in fissures of rocks and among stones. somewhat lyrate, stalked ; terminal lobe cordate, stem leaves
Var. y, hastulàta (D. C. l. c.) Cardámine hastulàta, Smith, oblong, sinuately-toothed; stem stoloniferous at the base, pubes-
7,
engl. bot. t. 409. Horn. fl. dan. 1462. Native of Britain and cent; pedicels and pods spreading. 4. H. Native of Carniola.
Norway, in the fissures of rocks and among stones.
Cardamine stolonífera, Scop. Al.. carn. ed. 2. no. 818. t. 39.
Var. d, Færoénsis (D. C. l. c.) Cardámine Færoénsis, Horn. fl. Like A. Hallèri, but much smaller and slenderer, with creeping
dan. 1382. Native of Færo island in the fissures of rocks and rooting runners. Flower white. Pods very
very slender, half an
among stones.
Var. ε, runcinata (D. C. 1. c.) A. petræ'a, Lam. dict. 1. p. 22. Stoloniferous Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. Pl. ft.
Cardámine petræ'a, Lin. spec. 913. A. runcinata, Lam. dict. 1. 40 A. OVIRE'NSIS (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 196. icon. rar.
p. 222. Native of Sweden and the Pyrenees, in fissures of rocks 1. t. 125.) lower leaves stalked, oval, pectinately-toothed at the
and among stones.
base, upper ones oblong, narrowed at the base ; stem weak,
Little tufted plants with white flowers.
smooth; pods somewhat spreading, scarcely longer than the
Alpine Rock or Wall-Cress. Fl. June, Jul. Britain. Pl. 1 foot. pedicels. 4. H. Native in calcareous rocky moist places
35 A. AMBIGUA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 231.) leaves smoothish, in the Alps of Oviro, Carinthia, Transylvania, on the Carpathian
radical ones sinuately-lyrate, middle ones oblong-oval, toothed, mountains in the region of the Pinus Múghus, &c. Rom. fi.
upper ones oblong-linear, entire ; stem almost simple ; pods eur. 7. t. 6. Sturn. deutchl. Al. icon. Nasturtium Oyirénse, Andrz.
rather erect. 4. H. Sisymbrium Tilèsii, Led. in mem. acad. ined. Flowers pale, red, rarely white.
petersb. 5. 1815. p. 548. Flowers white or purplish.
Oviro Wall-Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Pl. i to å foot.
Var. a, glabra (D. C. syst. 2. p. 231.) leaves and stems 41 A. 0-WAIHIE'NSIS (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnæa. 1. p.
.
smooth. Native of Kamtschatka.
17.) leaves repand-toothed, rather scabrous, radical ones stalked,
Var.ß, intermèdia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves smooth ; stem hispid at lyrately-pinnate, with about 3 pairs of leaflets, stem ones almost
the base. Native of Unalaschka in sandy and grassy places. wanting ; stem ascending, smooth, bearing flowers almost to the
Var. 7, scabra (D. C. l. c.) leaves pilose, scabrous; stem base; siliques erectly-spreading, 3-times longer than the pedi-
smooth. Native of Siberia.
cels. 4. H. Native of the Sandwich islands, particularly in
Ambiguous Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Pl. į foot. 0-Wahu. Root thickish. Stem numerous, proliferous at the
36 A. LYRA'TA (Lin. spec. 926.) radical leaves lyrately-pin- base. Flowers small, white, with oblong-entire petals, which are
natifid, smooth or ciliated, stem ones linear; stem hispid at the hardly longer than the calyx.
base, a little branched; pedicels spreading a little ; pods erect.
;
0-Wahu Wall-Cress. Pl. 1 foot.
2. H. Native of North America in cultivated fields and dry 42 A. CEVENNE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 234.) leaves all stalked,
hills, particularly on rocks in Pennsylvania about West Chester, ovate, acuminated, grossly-toothed, somewhat velvety with smalí
and from thence to Canada, extending westward to the Rocky hairs; pedicels and pods spreading,
spreading, . H. Native of the
Mountains, and to the islands of the Polar seas. A'rabis petræ'a, Cevennes, in rugged shady places. Hésperis inodòra, Gouan. fi.
Hook. f. bor. amer. p. 42. Flowers white.
monsp. p. 167. Flowers pale-violet, almost like those of A.
B, A. Kamtschática (Fisch. in litt.) flowers smaller ; petals arenosa. Seeds brownish. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 26.
twice the length of the calyx, not thrice its length, as in the spe-
Cevennes Wall-Cress. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
cies, and the pods are longer and thicker.
43 A. LASIO'LOBA (Link, enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 163.) stem
Lyrate-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1823. Pl. į foot. leaves and pods downy with stellate hairs; radical leaves lyrate,
37 A. ARENO'SA (Scop. fl. carn. ed. 2. no. 887. t. 40.) leaves
upper ones entire.
3. H. Native of Mexico. Racemes short.
villose with forked hairs, radical ones lyrately-pinnatifid, stem Calyx spreading. Style nearly a line long.
ones deeply-toothed; stem branched, hispid, with simple hairs; Woolly-podded Wall-Cress. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. Pl. 14 foot.
pedicels and pods spreading. T.H. Native of middle Europe,
viz. Carniola, Transylvania, Germany, Alsatia, France, Spain, Sect. II. LOMO'SPORA (from lopa, loma, a fringe, and σπορα,
&c. in vineyards in gravelly places and on rocks. Schrank. fi.
mon. 3. t. 256. Hook. exot. A. t. 221. Sisymbrium arenòsum,
spora, a seed ; seeds girded by a membranous wing.) D. C. syst.
2. p. 234. prod. 1. p. 146. Seeds marginate, or girded by a broad
Lin.
spec.
919. Turrìtis arenosa, Lapeyr. abr. 387. Petals ob- membranous wing.
ovate, rose-coloured, very rarely white or blueish. Pods linear,
spreading
$ 1. Oblongipétala. Cauline leaves clasping the stem. Petals
Var. B, Kamtschática ; biennial; stems more numerous from oblong-linear.
1

CRUCIFERÆ. X. ARABIS.
165
-
44 A. TURRITA (Lin. spec. 930.) leaves stem-clasping, ginia.--Pluk. alm. 136. t. 86. f. 8. Petals white, linear, longer
rather acute, somewhat toothed, pubescent; pedicels length of than the calyx.
calyx; pods all on one side, recurved. 3. H. Native of Spain, Var. a, mollis (Raf. amer. monthl, mag. 2. p. 43. but not of
France, Switzerland, Italy, Sicily, and Transylvania, on mountains Steven.) plant covered with soft down.
in hedges and coppices, also in Britain, on old walls, but rare, par- Var. ß, falcàta (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 31.) Pods falcate.
ticularly on the college walls of Oxford and Cambridge, and in Canadian Wall-Cress. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1768. Pl. 2 feet.
Scotland on the castle of Cliesh, Kinrosshire. Jacq. fl. austr. 51 A. PU'MILA (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 59. fl. aust. 3. t.
t. 11. Smith, engl. bot. 178. Turritis ochroleuca. Lam. A. fr. 281.) leaves smooth, almost entire, radical ones obovate, stem
2. p. 490. A. umbròsa, Crantz. austr. p. 39. Flowers crowded, ones ovate or oblong; racemes nodding; pedicels twice as long
cream-coloured. Petals oblong-linear. Pods 3 inches long, as calyx; pods erect, 3 times longer than the pedicels. 4. H.
all on one side, curved downwards as they ripen. Leaves Native of the Alps from Provence to Transylvania on rocks and
acuminated.
among stones. A. bellidifòlia, Crantz, austr. 42. t. 2. f. 3. but
Var. B, longisáliqua (D. C. syst. 2. p. 235.) A. umbròsa, not of Jacq. A. ciliàris, Willd. enum. 2. p. 684. A. scabra, All.
Steven in litt. Native of Tauria. Pods 4 or 5 inches long. ped. 974. A. nutans, Monch. meth. 258. Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2.
Var. y, péndula (Lach. obs. p. 10. but not of Lin.) Poir. suppl.
p
vol. 4. p. 105. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2219. Turrìtis alpina, Braun.
2. p. 410. exclusive of the synonyms. Turrītis péndula, Desf. fl. sal. 2. t. 2. f. 1. Petals oblong-cuneated, white. A tufted
cat. ed. 2. p. 152. Pods much curved when ripe.
plant.
Tower Mustard or Tower Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Britain. Dwarf Wall Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1658. Pl.
Pl. 1 foot.
Pl. 12 foot.
52 A. BELLIDIFÒLIA (Jacq. obs. 1. p. 22. t. 12. fl. aust. 3. t.
45 A. PE'NDULA (Lin. spec. 930.) leaves clasping the stem, 280.) leaves smooth, almost entire, radical ones obovate, stem
toothed, oblong, dilated, cordate at the base ; stem furrowed, ones ovate; racemes erect; pedicels 3 times longer than the
hispid ; pedicels 3 times longer than the calyx; pods drooping. calyx; pods 4 times longer than their pedicels. 4. H. Native
O. H. Native of Siberia near the river Lena.-Jacq. hort. of the Eastern Pyrenees in stony grassy places, and near foun-
vind. 3. p. 20. t. 34. Petals white, oblong-linear. Pods loose, tains and rivulets on the Carpathian mountains. Turrìtis belli-
pendulous.
difòlia, All. ped. no. 980. t. 40. f. 1. Petals oblong-cuneated,
Var. B, Americàna. A. péndula, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 70. double the length of calyx. Pods linear. A tufted plant, with
Native of North America on the borders of the river Missouri white flowers.
near Fort Mandan.
Var. B, Turritis alpina, Jacq. in Murr. syst. veg. 502. Willd.
Pendulous-podded Wall-Cress. Fl. My. Ju. Clt. 1752. Pl. 1 ft. spec. 3. p. 545.
46 A. PATRINIA'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 236.) leaves oblong, acu- Daisy-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1773. Pl. to ft.
minated, somewhat serrated, cordate, stem-clasping, villous ; 53 A. CÆRU'LEA (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 56.) leaves smooth,
stem round, hispid ; pedicels 3 times longer than the calyx ; almost entire, radical ones oblong-obovate, cauline ones few,
pods pendulous. . H. Native of Siberia at Ufa near Cha- oblong; racemes nodding ; pedicels length of calyx ; pods erect.
manaikha, Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 27. A. péndula, Patr. herb. 4. H. Native of the Alps from Provence to Carinthia and
Perhaps this is only a var. of A. péndula. Seed girded by a Salzburgh, near the limits of perpetual snow. Sturn. deutsch.
narrow wing. Flowers white.
fl. with a figure. Turrìtis cærulea, All. ped. no. 981. t. 40. f. 2.
Patrin's Wall-Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. Pl. 2 feet. Petals oblong, pale or dirty blue. A tufted plant.
47 A. Oxy'ota (D. C. syst. 2. p. 236.) leaves scabrous, with Blue-flowered Wall-Cress. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1793. Pl. I foot.
branched hairs, cauline ones acutely-sagittate, oblong-linear, a
little toothed ; stem hispid with simple hairs ; pedicels 3 times
§ 3. Obovatipétala. Cauline leaves sessile or wanting. Limb
longer than the calyx. Ŝ. H. Native of Eastern Siberia.
of petals spreading, obovate.
Allied to the two preceding plants. Petals oblong, white.
54 A. STELLULA'TA (Bertol. in Desv. journ. bot. 1813. vol. 2.
Sharp-eared-leaved, Wall-Cress. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot. p. 76. amoen. ital. p. 101.) leaves scabrous with stellate-hairs,
radical ones obovate, cauline ones oblong, very few; pods twice
$ § 2. Cuneipétala. Cauline leaves sessile. Petals oblong or
the length of their pedicels, containing 16 or 20 seeds. 4. H.
linear-cuneated.
Native on the summits of the Appenines. A. pumila, Pollin.
48 A. HELIO'PHILA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 237.) leaves sessile, Very like A. petræ'a var. Crantziana in habit, but it is evidently
linear, entire, hoary with pressed, short, 2-parted hairs; pedicels different, from the seeds having a broad wing. A pretty little
shorter than the calyx; pods erect. 0.? H. Native of the plant, with white flowers.
East Indies, Java, &c. Helióphila incàna, Burm. A. ind. 140. t. Starry-haired Wall-Cress. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot.
46. f. 2. Helióphila canéscens, Willd. spec. 3. p. 528. Petals 55 A. ? VOCHINE'NSIS (Spreng. pug. 1. p. 46. no. 80.) leaves
linear, very narrow, hardly longer than the calyx.
,
ciliated, with 2-parted appressed hairs, radical ones obovate,
Sun-loving Wall-Cress. Pl. 1 foot.
cauline ones few, oblong; pods 4 or 6-seeded, length of their
49 A. LÆVIGA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 237.) radical leaves ob- pedicels. 4.H.
pedicels. 4. H. Native of the Alps of Carniola about Vochin,
ovate, stalked, sinuately-toothed, cauline ones linear, sessile, also of Carinthia on Mount Selenitz and Mount Cren. Dràba.
quite entire; pods erect; seeds margined. 3.? H.
?
Native mollis, Scop. carn. no. 789. t. 34. Subulària alpina, Willd. spec.
of North America on rocks from Pennsylvania to Virginia, but 3. p. 424.
424. A. serpyllifòlia, Hoppe. Stem prostrate and creep-
rare; and about Lake Huron. Turritis lævigàta, Willd. spec. ing. Petals white, obovate, narrowed at the base, twice or thrice
3. p. 543.
. 543. Flowers small, few, white, in corymbose-racemes.
the length of the calyx.
Plant smooth, glaucous.
Vochin Wall-Cress. Fl. July. Clt. 1826.
Clt. 1826. Pl. į foot.
Smooth Wall-Cress. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 foot. 56 A. COLLI'NA (Tenore. prod. fl. neap. 89. app. hort. neap. .
50 A. CanadE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 929.) cauline leaves sessile, 1815. p. 59.) leaves oblong, sinuately-toothed, hoary with stel-
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, remotely serrate-toothed ; pedi- late hairs ; radical leaves stalked, cauline ones sessile; pods 8
;
cels 3 times longer than the calyx ; pods linear, pendulous, some- times longer than their pedicels. 4. H. Native on arid hills
what falcate; seeds with a very broad wing. 2. H. Native of
2. H. Native of about Naples.
about Naples. Petals white, obovate, spreading, double the
North America in shady rocky situations, from Canada to Vir- length of the calyx. Habit of A. alpina.
;
.

4.
narrow.
166
CRUCIFERÆ. X. Arabis. XI. OUDNEYA. XII. MACROPODIUM.
ARABIS. .
Hill Wall-Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. I to į foot. Thick-podded Wall-Cress. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1828. Pl. 1
to foot.
+ Species not sufficiently known.
Cult. The species of this genus are very proper for rock-
57 A. STELLE'RI (D. C. syst. 2. p. 242.) plant hispid with 2- work. A'rabis, álbida, alpina, arenosa, &c. will answer also for
forked hairs; lower leaves oblong-spatulate, upper ones half- the front of flower-borders, as they flower earlier than most border
stem-clasping, oblong, toothed; racemes corymbose ; petals cu- flowers. The perennial species may be either encreased by divid-
neated, oblong. 4. H. Native of Kamtschatka. A. péndula, ing the plants at the root, by cuttings, or by seeds. The annual and
Steller in herb. Pall. not Lin. Petals white, twice the length of biennial species are mostly weedy-like plants ; therefore they are
calyx. A. Kamtschatica, Willd. herb.
only fit to be preserved in botanical gardens. They should be
Steller's Wall-Cress. Pl. foot.
sown on rock-work, and allowed afterwards to scatter themselves,
58 A. LU CIDA (Lin. fil. suppl. 298.) leaves shining, clasping for by this means they are more likely to be preserved.
. ,
the stem. 4. H. Native of Pannonia. Petals white, linear,
entire, narrowed at the base, twice as long as the calyx. This XI. OUDNEYA (to the memory of Dr. Oudney, who
plant comes very near to A. ciliàta var. glàbra.
found the present plant in many of the Wadeys between Tripoli
Shining-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1790. Pl. 1 ft. and Mourzuk, and remarks that camels and mules eat it.) R. Br.
59 A. Re'rtans (Lam. dict. 1. p. 222.) leaves roundish, in append. to Denh. and Claph. journ. p. 14.
quite entire, hairy ; runners reptant. 4. H. Native of sandy Lin. syst. Tetradymdmia, Šiliquosa. Silique sessile, linear,
fields, from Pennsylvania to Virginia. Pluk. alm. 281. t. 51. f. 5. beaked, with flat 1-nerved valves. Funicle adnate to the dissepi-
Habit of Hieracium aurícula. Flowers small. Pods small, ment. Seeds in one row. Calyx closed, bisaccate at the base.
erect.
. Filaments distinct, toothless. Stigmas connate, distinct at the
Reptant Wall-Cress. Fl. Jun. July. Pl. 4 foot.
apex. A smooth, branched sub-shrub, with quite entire sessile,
60 A. LA'xa (Smith, prod. fl. græc. 2. p. 28.) radical leaves veinless leaves, lower ones obovate, upper ones almost linear,
obovate, lyrately-toothed, hispid, cauline ones cordate-stem- and bractless terminal racemes of flowers; petals obovate veiny.
clasping, very smooth; pods deflexed. 2. H. Native of La- This genus differs from Arabis in the form of the stigma.
conia, in fields. Flowers white. Pods very long and very 1 O. AFRICANA (R. Br. 1. c.) K.F. Native between Tri-
poli and Mourzuk, in the Wadeys. Hésperis nítens, Viv. Al.
Loose-podded Wall-Cress. Pl. 1} foot.
lib. p. 38. t. 5. f. 3.
.
61 A. PETIOLA'TA (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. d. 126.) leaves ovate, African Oudneya. Shrub 1 foot.
stalked, smooth; lower ones lobed ; upper ones repand; pods Cult. Should this plant be ever introduced into the gardens,
striated-angular, spreading. §. 4. H. Native of Siberia. it may be grown in pots filled with an equal quantity of sand
Flowers small, whitish, about the size of those of Erýsimum and peat, and treated as other alpine plants. It may be either
cheiránthus. Pods spreading, 2 or 3 inches long, obscurely 4- propagated by cuttings or by seeds.
sided.
Stalked-leaved Wall-Cress. Fl. Jul. Pl. foot.
XII. MACROPO‘DIUM (from uakpos, makros, long, and
62 A. MULTIFLORA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 243.) leaves sessile, TOUS Todos, pous podos, a foot; in allusion to the pods standing
lanceolate, toothed, scabrous; peduncles pressed, many-flowered, on long pedicels or foot-stalks.) R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol.
pods erect, slender, compressed, crowded; hairs forked. 7. H. 4. p. 108.
108. D. C. syst. 2. p. 244. prod. 1. p.
149.
Native of the Pyrenees, on Mount Chatelet. Turritis multiflora, Lin. Syst. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique linear, pedi-
Lapeyr. abr. 386.
cellate, with flat 1-nerved valves ; seeds orbicular, compressed,
Many-flowered Wall-Cress. Pl. foot.
flat, girded by a very narrow membrane, disposed in one row in
63 A. INTEGRIFÒLIA (Lapeyr. abr. 385. suppl. p. 93.) hairy ; each cell, distant. Perennial or annual, smooth, erect, simple
leaves scabrous, lanceolate, quite entire, cauline ones clasping the herbs ; with ovate-lanceolate, pointed, serrated or jagged leaves,
stem; petals erect, twice the length of the calyx.
8. O. H.
and long terminal racemes, with almost sessile flowers, which are
Native of the Pyrenees, at a place called Mail du Cristal. disposed in the form of a spike.
Entire-leaved Wall-Cress. Pl. foot.
î M. NIVA'LE (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 108.) ra-
64 A. LYRÆFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 244.) smooth; stem dical leaves ovate, on long stalks, unequally serrated, cauline
straight, simple ; radical leaves lyrate, stem ones sessile, oblong, ones lanceolate, acuminated, narrowed at the base, entire ; flowers
acute, toothed; pods sickle-formed. O. H. Native of North
sessile; petals obovate. 2. H. Native on the summits of the
America, in woods, at the bottom of the Catskill Mountains. Altaian Mountains near the limits of perpetual snow. Cardámine
Turrìtis lyràta, Raf. amer. monthl.
p.
44.
nivàlis, Pall. itin. 2. app. no. 113. t. U. ed. gall. 8vo. app. p. 341.
Lyre-leaved Wall-Cress. Pl.?
t. 68. f. 2. Cleòme nivàlis, Vahl. herb. A'rabis nivàlis, Spreng.
65 A. ANGUSTIFÒLIA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 220.) radical leaves on syst. 2. p. 893.
893. Root somewhat woody. Flowers white.
long stalks, rhomboid, small, bidentate, cauline ones narrow-lan- Snow Macropodium. Fl. Jun. Sep. . Clt. 1796.
Clt. 1796. Pl. 1 foot.
ceolate, very entire.--Native ? formerly cultivated in the Paris 2 M. LACINIA'TUM (Hook, fl. bor. amer. p. 42.) leaves all
garden. Perhaps only a variety of Cardamine alpina.
stalked, jagged-pinnatifid; flowers on pedicels; petals narrow,
Narrow-leaved Wall-Cress. Pl.?
linear. O. H. Native of North America, common on dry rocks
66 A.? SILICULÒSA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 221.) radical leaves ob- about Wallawallah, and at Priest's rapid on the Columbia.
long, on short stalks, smooth, toothed towards the apex; cauline Flowers white.
ones few, narrow, entire.-Native of Siberia? Pods flat, nar- Jagged-leaved Macropodium ? Fl. June, July. Pl. 2 to 3 ft.
rowed at both ends, 4-lines long, 1 or 2-seeded.
Cult. M. nivale succeeds well in a rich light soil in the open
Short-podded Wall-Cress. Pl.?
border ; and cuttings will strike root freely under a hand-glass :
67 A. DASYCA'RPA (Andrz. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 244.) notwithstanding it will sometimes thrive well in open borders,
.
leaves hairy; hairs stellate ; cauline leaves sagittate, almost en- yet it is very apt to damp off in the winter; therefore we would
lobes diverging ; pods hairy-scabrous, rather erect, with advise a duplicate plant to be kept in a pot as an alpine or frame
the breadth exceeding twice the length of style.—Native of Po- plant. M. laciniàtus being an annual will only require to be
dolia. A. récta, Baugm.
sown in the open ground early in spring.
;
mag. 2.
tire ;

CRUCIFERÆ. XIII. CARDAMINE.
167
1
XIII. CARDA’MINE (from kapdia, kardia, the heart; da- Large-styled Lady's-Smock. Pl. 2 feet.
uaw, damao, to subdue ; stomachic quality of the plants, or per- 7 C. CHENOPODIFÒLIA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 195.) leaves ovate,
haps diminished from kapdauwv, kardamon, water-cress; taste somewhat sinuately-lobed; stem procumbent ; pods erect ; stigma
similar.) Lin. D. C. syst. 2. p. 245. prod. 1. p. 149.
sessile. 4.? S. B. Native of South America, on the margins
Lyn. syst. Tetradynamia, Siliquosa. Silique linear ; with of rivulets about Monte Video. Poir, suppl. 2. p. 394. Flowers
flat nerveless valves, usually opening with elasticity. Seeds in white. Pods smooth, linear, erect, compressed, one inch long.
one series, ovate, not margined. Umbilical cord slender. Co- Goosefoot-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. Nov. Pl. 1 foot, trailing.
tyledons accumbent. Herbs usually smooth. Roots fibrous or 8 C. BELLIDIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 913.) leaves smooth, thickish,
granuliferous. Leaves stalked, entire, lobed, or pinnately-cut, radical ones stalked, ovate, entire ; cauline ones few, entire or
usually very different in the same plant. Racemes terminal, somewhat 3-lobed, not eared at the base; pods erect; stigma
bractless. Flowers white or red.
almost sessile. 4. H. B. Native of Europe, on the tops of moun-
For the derivation of the English name of the Genus see C. "tains; also of North America, on the summits of the Rocky Moun-
pratensis.
tains, throughout Arctic America but sparingly; islands of Una-
laschka and St. Lawrence. C. Lenénsis, Ledeb. Flowers white.
§. 1. Indivisæ folia. Leaves nearly all undivided.
Var. a, petiolàris (D. C. syst. 2. p. 249,) petioles longer than
1 C. RHOMBOÌDEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 246.) plant at first hairy- the entire leaf. Oed. fl. dan. t. 20. Smith, eng. bot. 2355.-.
pubescent, but at length smooth ; leaves rather fleshy, ovate- Lin. ff. lapp. 260. t. 9. f. 2. Native of Lapland, Norway, and
rhomboid, obsoletely repand-toothed, smooth, lower ones round- Scotland, in fissures of moist rocks.
ish-cordate, on long petioles, cauline ones ovate, uppermost ones Var. ß, alpina (D. C. l. c.) petiole rather shorter than the en-
sessile; stem erect, flexuous; root tuberous and fibrous. 4.H.B. tire leaf. C. bellidifòlia, Crantz. fl. aust. 43. Wulf. in Jacq.
Native of North America, on the borders of rivulets and springs, misc. 1. p. 148. t. 17. f. 2. C. alpina, Willd. spec. 3. p. 481.
,
.
.
Rocky Mountains, thence to Hudson's Bay. A'rabis rhomboi- A'rabis bellidifòlia, Scop. carn. 2. p. 31. A. bellidioides, Lam.
p
dea and tuberòsa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 204. A'rabis bulbòsa, dict. 1. p. 220. Native of the Alps, of Europe, also in Scotland.
p
Muhl. cat. no. 104. Cardamine rotundifolia, Hook. fl. bor. Var.
7,
'subtriloba (D. C. 1. c. 250.) the upper leaves are some-
l
amer. p. 44. Pluk. amalth. t. 435. f. 6. Flowers rose-coloured, what 3-lobed, sometimes ternate. Native of the Alps and the
about the size of those of C. praténsis. The leaves taste like
The leaves taste like Pyrenees.
Pyrenees. C. heterophylla, Baugm.
early spring cresses.
Daisy-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. Apr. Jun. Scotland. Pl. I ft.
Rhomb-like-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1825.
Pl. ft.
$. 2. Trálobæ. Leaves for the most part 3-lobed.
2 C. ROTUNDIFÒLIA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 30.) leaves 9. C. HAMILTONII; smooth; stem erect, branched, flexuous,
rather fleshy, orbicular, somewhat toothed, smooth, stalked.; radical leaves simple, kidney-shaped, repand-crenate, stalked ;
stems weak, procumbent; root fibrous. 4. H. B. Native of cauline leaves pinnate; leaflets 5, opposite, roundish, 3-lobed,
North America, on the borders of rivulets on the highest moun- terminal one large; siliques filiform, straight. 0. H. Native
O.
tains of Carolina, Virginia, and New Hampshire; also in Pennsyl- of Nipaul, at Narainhetty. C. débilis, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p.
vania, on the border of the river Brandywine, near West Chester. 201. Herb slender, green. Flowers small, white.
Flowers white.
Hamilton's Lady’s-Smock. Fl. Oct. Pl. { foot.
Round-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. 10 C. RESEDIFÓLIA (Lin. spec. 913.) leaves smooth, membra-
1 foot decumbent.
nous, stalked, radical ones undivided, stem ones drawn out on
3 C. SPATULA'TA (Mich. A. bor. amer. 2. p. 29.) radical- both sides at the base into an acute auricle; lower ones of these
leaves stalked, spatulate, entire, pubescent with 3-forked hairs, ternate, and the upper ones pinnately-5-lobed; pods erect, ter-
stem ones linear; stem decumbent. 21. H. B. Native of Ca- minated by the style. O. H. Native of Cevennes, Pyrenees,
rolina, on the highest mountains. Pods linear, straight, spreading, &c. in shady humid places. Sturn. fl.
Sturn. Al. germ. icon. All. ped. no.
somewhat reflexed. Stigma sessile, hardly acute. Flowers white ? 950. t. 57. f. 2. Jacq. fl. aust. app. t. 31.
Jacq. fl. aust. app. t. 31. A'rabis resedifòlia,
Spatulate-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, Jun. Pl. foot, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 511.
511. Flowers white.
decumbent.
Var. ß, integrifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 150.). A. hastulata,
4 C. ASARIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 913.) leaves smooth; stalked, Bertol. ined. Native of the Apennines. Leaves undivided.
cordate-orbicular, somewhat sinuately-toothed ; stem erect; pods Mignonette-leaved Lady's Smock. Fl. July. Clt. 1658.
erect, twice the length of the pedicel. 4. H. B.
of the pedicel. 4. H. B. Native of Pl. a to į foot.
Piedmont, Italy, and several other places in Europe, in moun- 11 C. UNIFLO'RA (Mich. Al. bor. amer. 2. p. 29.) radical leaves
tain rivulets. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1735. Flowers white, a little 3-lobed, smooth ; scapes 1-flowered. 4 ? H. Native of North
larger than those of C. amdra. Pods an inch long.
America on the rocks of Kentucky near Knoxville. Flowers
Var. B, diversifòlia ; (D. C. syst. 2. p. 248.) cauline leaves white, smaller than those of C. amàra. Petals longer than the
pinnately-ternate; radical ones and upper ones orbicular, undi- calyx. Pods linear, compressed.
vided. 4. H. B. Native of Piedmont.
One-flowered Lady's Smock. Pl. { foot.
Asaribacca-leaved Lady’s-Smock. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1710. 12 C. MICROPHY'LLA (Adams, mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 111.
p
Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
Fisch in litt. icon.) leaves ternate, or pinnately quinate, smooth,
5 C. I'NDICA (Burm. fl. ind. 140.) leaves ovate, crenulated, floral one simple, 3-toothed ; scape few-flowered. 2.2 H. Na-
stalked, smooth, upper ones oblong-cuneated ; stem erect ; pods tive of Siberia at Cape Bykofskoy-mys. C. minūta, Willd. herb.
spreading ; stigma sessile. 0.? Š. Native of Java. Flowers Pedicel filiform, only equalling the flower in length or rather
small, white. Perhaps a species of Nastúrtium, referable to sec- longer than either flower or pod. Flowers white. Stem ascen-
tion Clandestinària.
dant, branched, and rooting.
Indian Lady's-Smock. Pl. I foot.
Small-leaved Lady's Smock. Fl. July. Pl. į to 1 of a foot.
6 C. STYLÒSA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 248.) cauline leaves sagit- 13 C. BONARIE'Nsis (Pers. ench. 2. p. 195.) leaves smooth,
tate half-stem-clasping ; oblong, acute, denticulated, smooth ; stalked, trifoliate ; leaflets stalked, somewhat repand, middle
stem erect; pods spreading, pointed with the style. 24..? G. B.
4.
leaflet 3-lobed ; upper leaves simple or 3-lobed; pedicels fur-
Native of New Holland. Flowers small, whitish.
nished with bracteas. 2? S. Native of South America in fields

168
CRUCIFERÆ. XIII. CARDAMINE.
7.
at Buenos Ayres. C. repanda, Smith, herb. Flowers small, date-roundish, 3-toothed; bractea cuneated, 3-toothed, sessile
white. Pods slender, erect, compressed.
at the base of the lower pedicel; petals reticulately veined ;
Buenos-Ayrean Lady's Smock. Pl.
Pl. , foot.
1 /
root creeping, slender, fibrous. 2. H. Native of the island of
14 C. ANTENIQUA'NA (Burch. cat. geogr. pl. afr. aust. no. St. Lawrence. Cape Lisburne at the northern entrance of Kotze-
6043.) leaves trifoliate, pilose on the upper surface ; leaflets bue's Sound. Flower deep purple, in loose racemes.
stalked, ovate, toothed ; pods erect ; stems somewhat decumbent. Purple-flowered Lady’s-Smock. . Pl. į foot.
-
2? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope in the humid shady 23 C. ANGULA'TA (Hook. bot. misc. pt. 3. with a figure, fl.
-regions of Anteniqualand. C. Burchéllii, Spreng. syst. 2. p. bor. amer. p. 44.) leaves all stalked, ternate, rarely quinate :
886. Root perpendicular. Flowers white, size of those of C.
par-
radical ones roundish, cauline ones ovate or lanceolate, angular,
viflòra. Petals blunt, double the length of the calyx.
or deeply lobed, smooth ; root creeping, fibrous. 4. H. Native
Anteniqualand Lady's-Smock. Pl. ž foot.
of North America on the banks of Columbia River Flowers
15 C. BORBO'NICA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 195.) leaves pilose on pale rose-coloured, disposed in terminal and axillary corymbs.
both surfaces, trifoliate, rarely pinnate ; segments stalked, ovate, Angular-leaved Lady's-Smock. Pl. 11 foot.
accuminated, toothed ; pods erect.
Native of the island of
§ 3. Pinnàtæ. Leaves for the most part pinnate-parted.
Bourbon. C. rubifòlia, Smith, herb. Petals white, a little
longer than the calyx.
24 C. GRANULO'SA (All
. auct. p. 16. exclusive of the synonyms
Var. B, Allèvia (Comm. ined.) leaves sometimes pinnate; of Dalechamp,) radical leaves stalked, ovate, somewhat cordate,
segments 5. C. Africàna. Native of Bourbon.
Vahl. symb.
stem ones pinnately-parted ; lobes oblong, entire ; root tube-
2. p. 77.
rously-granular. 4. H. Native on hilly meadows about Turin.
Var. Arábica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 252.) stem rather villous. Petals obovate, blunt, white, size of those of C. amàra.
C. Africana. Native of Arabia.
Native of Arabia. Vahl. symb. 2. p.77.
Granular-rooted Lady’s-Smock. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820.
Bourbon Lady's-Smock. Pl. | foot.
Pl. 1 foot.
16 C. AFRICA'NA (Lin. spec. 914.) leaves smooth, ternate, 25 C. AMA'RA (Lin. spec. 915.) leaves pinnate; segments of
rarely pinnate; segments stalked, ovate, pointed, toothed; pods the radical ones roundish, of the stem ones angularly-toothed ;
spreading. 4.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Pluk.
Pluk. style filiform, acutish; stems rooting at the base.
4. H. B.
alm. 252. t. 101. f. 5. Flowers small, white. Pods spreading, Native throughout northern and middle Europe in watery places
linear.
by the sides of rivers and brooks; about London in several
African Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1691.
Fl. May, June. Clt. 1691. Pl. 1 ft. places between Kew and Mortlake ; near Ripon, and in King-
17 C. NASTURTIOIDES (D. Don, prod. il. nep. p. 201.) smooth ; street meadows, Norwich, and several other places. Vill. dauph.
lower leaves ternate, terminal leaflet large, round, obsoletely 3- 3. p. 362. t. 39. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1000. Curt. lond. 3.
lobed ; upper leaves simple, cuneate-ovate, 3-lobed ; stem pro- t. 39. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 187. C. parviflòra, Lam. dict. 2.
cumbent, branched. O. H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers small, p. 183. C. nasturtiàna, Thuil. fl. par. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 330.
white. C. nastúrtii, Spreng. syst. app. p. 241.
C. melanánthera, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 445.
Nasturtium-like Lady's-Smock. Pl. į foot.
1 /
Var. B, plèna (D. C. eyst. 2. p. 255.) flowers double. Besl.
18 B. TRIFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 913.) leaves smoothish, ternate; hort. eyst. ord. 1. t. 3. f. 4. This is probably the double variety
segments sessile, rhomboidal-roundish, toothed ; scape naked ; of C. pratensis.
lower branches root-like, creeping. 4. H.B. Native of Italy, Var. y, trisécta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ternate. C. trifolia, Wahl.
Hungary, Germany, Switzerland, France, &c. on shady parts of fl. lapp. no. 327. Native of Lapland and Sweden.
mountains. Sturn. deutsch. A. icon. Jacq. aust. t. 27. Curt. Var. ε, umbròsa (Lej. A. spa. 2. p. 63.) stem and leaves vil-
fl .
bot. mag. t. 452. Petals white, with a broad cuneated claw, and lous. C. hirsūta, Oed. fl. dan. t. 148.? Native of Denmark. -
a broad spreading obovate limb.
The flowers of all the varieties are white, cream-coloured, with
Three-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1629. violet anthers, and the plant before it flowers greatly resembles
Pl. 1 to foot.
.
the water-cress, but the taste is bitter and nauseous.
19 C. Bocco'NI (Viv. Al. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnæa 1. Bitter Lady's-Smock. Fl. Apr. May. Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
p. 502.) cauline leaves alternately pinnate or ternate ; pedicels 26 C. ULIGINO'SA (Bieb. suppl. p. 438.) leaves pinnate ; seg-
filiform, spreading ; leaflets roundish-ovate, 3 or unequally 5-ments angularly-toothed, bluntish, those of the radical ones
lobed ; siliques linear, deflexed. 2. H. B. Native of Corsica. roundish, of the stem ones oblong; style very short, hardly
Bocc. mus. p. 171. t. 118. Flowers white ?
narrower than the pod; runners creeping. 4. H. B.
4. H. B. Native
Bocconi's Lady's-Smock. Pl. 1 foot.
of Tauria in wooded mountains about springs, and also in the
20 C. CHILE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 254.) upper surface of Ukraine. C. amara, Bieb. fl. taur. no. 1283. exclusive of the
leaves pilose, ternate; segments almost petiolulate, ovate-lan- synonyms. Flowers white, like those of C. amàra. Pedicels
ceolate, crenated ; stem somewhat ascendant. 2 ? G. Native nearly equal in length with the pods.
of Chili. Petals oblong, white, longer than the calyx. Pods Bog Lady's-Smock. Fl. May. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 foot.
linear, smooth, slender, ending in the style, which is hardly dis- 27 C. PRORE'PENS (Fisch. in litt. 1819.) leaves pinnate ; seg-
tinguishable from the pod.
ments ovate, almost entire, terminal one roundish, somewhat
Chile Lady's-Smock. March, April. Clt. 1825. Pl. 1 foot. 3-lobed ; runners creeping ; stem ascending, pubescent; pods
21 C. TUBERO'SA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 254.) leaves smooth, ra- hairy, shorter than the pedicels. 4. H. B. Native of Siberia
dical ones on long stalks, kidney-shaped, stem ones pinnately- beyond the Baical, on the banks of the river Ingoda about Do-
ternate; root tuberous. 2. G. Native of Chili. Sisymbrium roninsk. C. hirsuta, Pall. C. pubescens, Stev. C. pilòsa,
tuberosum, Lag. in litt. Petals white? 3-times longer than the Willd. C. borealis, Andrz. all in litt. Pods erect, slender, hairy.
sepals; younger pods linear, pointed by the style. Deless. icon. Style filiform, a line long. Flowers white.
sel. 2. t. 29.
Most-creeping Lady's. Smock. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825.
Tuberous-rooted Lady's-Smock. Pl. į to 1 foot.
Pl. i foot.
22 C. PURPUREA (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnæa 1. p. 20.) 28 C. PRATE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 915.) leaves pinnate ; segments
plant smoothish ; radical leaves and cauline ones trifoliate or of the radical ones roundish, of the stem ones linear or lanceo-
quinate ; lateral leaflets oval-roundish, acute, terminal one cor- late, entire ; style very short, hardly narrower than the pod ;
.
,

CRUCIFERÆ. 169
.
XIII. CARDAMINE.
E,
stigma capitate. 4. H. B. Native throughout Europe in humid lobed ; pods short, erect, terete. 21. H. W. Native of North
meadows; plentiful in Britain, also in the north of Asia and in America in inundated places from New England to New York.
North America about Hudson's Bay, Behring's Straits, in fact, Flowers unknown. Perhaps a species of Nastúrtium.
throughout Arctic America. Lam. ill. t. 562. f. 1. Smith, engl. Terete-podded Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, July.
Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 foot.
bot. 776. Curt. lond. t. 40. Woody. med. bot. t. 30. Fl. dan. 34 C. HIRSU'TA (Lin. spec. 915.) leaves pinnate ; segments of
1039. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 187. Flowers usually pink, some- the radical leaves stalked, roundish, mucronate, entire or notched;
times they are to be seen white and purplish. A very common petals oblong; stigmas minute, almost sessile ; pods spreading,
and variable plant. Root tuberous, like those of Dentària, smooth, but sometimes pilose. O. H.B. Native of waste ground,
which this species greatly resembles in habit.
especially in moist shady places, very frequent throughout
Var. B, flòre pleno; flowers double and pink. Clus. hist. 2. Europe, Tauria, and Persia, also of North America ; plen-
p. 129. f.1. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 889. f. 2.
tiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 492. Curt. lond. 4. t. 48.
Var. 7, grandiflora (C. Bauh. pin. 104.) flowers large, white. Scop. carn. ed. 2. no. 817. t. 38. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 187.
Var. d, débilis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 257.) stem weak; segments Stok. mat. med. 3. p. 445. C. flexuosa, With. brit. 578. C.
of the upper leaves very narrow.
parviflòra, Lightf. fl. scot. 1104. C. impatiens, f. dan. t. 735.
Var. ε, stolonifera (D. C. 1. c.). C. praténsis monstròsa, Naun- Flowers in corymbs, white. Dr. Hooker considers C. Pennsyl-
burg in Roem. arch. 2. p. 14. t. 2.
vánica and C. Virgínica to be identical with this species.
Var. 5, angustifolia (Hook. f. bor, amer. 1. p. 45.) leaflets of Var. B, máxima (D. C. syst. 2. p. 260.) C. hirsùta máxima,
radical leaves lanceolate, tapering to the base, almost entire. Fisch. cat. hort. gorenk. 1808. p. 81. Plant large.
Native of Igloolik and others of the islands in the Arctic sea. Var. %, prolífera (D. C. I. c.). St. Hil. not Orl. p. 35.
This plant was long ago employed as a diuretic, and it has Calyx 3-flowered.
been again introduced in nervous diseases, such as epilepsy, Hairy Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, June. Brit. Pl. I to 1 ft.
hysteria, chorea, and asthma, &c. A drachm or two of the 35 C. SYLVA’TICA (Link. in Hoffm. phyt. blatt. 1. p. 50.) leaves
powder of the dried flowers is given twice or thrice a-day. It pinnate ; segments regularly sinuate-toothed, mucronate ; petals
has little sensible operation, except that it sometimes acts as a oblong; pods spreading, equalling the breadth of the style, and
diaphoretic. The flowers and leaves are agreeably pungent, and are as well as branches smooth. O. H. Native throughout
may be eaten with other herbs in a salad. They come with the Europe in woods in moist places. Perhaps also in Britain, mixed
cuckoo, whence one of its English names cuckoo-flower, and with C. hirsuta. Flowers white, a little larger than those of C.
they cover the meadows as with linen bleaching, which is sup- hirsùta. C. hirsùta, Web. spec. gæt. p. 18. C. muscòsa, Vahl. herb.
posed to be the origin of the other English name, now extended Wood Lady's Smock. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 to 1 ft.
to the whole genus, Lady's Smock.
36 C. UMBRO'SA (Andrz. cruc. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 260.)
p
Meadow Lady's-Smock or Cuckoo Flower. Fl. April, May. leaves pinnate, cut ; segments entire, mucronate ; petals oblong;
Britain. Pl. 1 to 1, foot.
pods rather spreading, twice longer than the breadth of the thick
29 C. DENTA'TA (Schult. obs. no. 968.) leaves pinnate; seg- style, which are as well as branches smooth. O. H. B. Na-
ments stalked, those of the radical leaves are roundish, of the tive of Cevennes, Volhynia, and perhaps may be found every
stem oblong and narrowed at the base, the terminal one wedge- where mixed with C. hirsùta and C. sylvatica in woods. Very
shaped; pods obliquely erect, only equalling the breadth of the like C. hirsùta and C. sylvática, but the whole plant is nearly
style. 4. H. B. Native of Galicia, Volhynia, and Podolia in smooth. Perhaps C. tenélla of Clark, voy. vol. 2. is identical
marshes along banks of rivers and brooks. C. Buchtorménsis, with this. Flowers white.
Willd. ined. Flowers white like those of C. amàra or C. uliginosa. Shady Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1823. Pl. i to 1 ft.
Runners creeping.
37 C. PARVIFLO'RA (Lin. spec. 919.) leaves pinnate-parted;
Toothed-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. lobes sessile, oblong, or linear, entire, lower ones remote from
Pl. 1 foot.
the stem ; petals oblong-linear ; pedicels somewhat spreading ;
30 C. PENNSYLVA'NICA (Muhl. cat. p. 60.) leaves pinnate, pods erect. Ο. Η. Β. Native of France about Nantes,
or pinnately-lyrate; lobes oval, angularly-toothed, blunt; stem Montpelier, in Provence, Transylvania, Russia at Tanaim, from
erect; petals oblong ; stigma minute, almost sessile, linear. the river Iaico to the Oby in grassy humid places. Gmel. sib. 3.
4. H. B. Native of North America in low meadows from New p. 270. no. 37. t. 64. Wrangel, diss. Stockh. 1823. Very
York to Pennsylvania, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 395. Pursh, fl. bor. like C. hirsuta, but more slender and decumbent. Flowers
amer. 2. p. 440. Flowers small, white; petals oblong-linear, a small, white.
little longer than the calyx.
Small-flowered Lady's-Smock. Fl. April, May. Cit. 1800.
Pennsylvanian Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 ft. Pl. 3 foot.
31 C. VIRGI’NICA (Lin. spec. 915.) leaves pinnate; segments 38 C. IMPATIENS (Lin. spéc. 914.) leaves pinnate ; segments
lanceolate, somewhat auricled; stem erect; pods long, strictly oval-oblong, mostly cut, lower stem ones approximate, acute,
,
2. H. B. Native of North America in low meadows form of stipulas. O. H. Native of shady, rather moist rocky
from Canada to Carolina. A'rabis Virginica, Poir. suppl. 1. situations, in many parts of Europe and the north of Asia.
p. 413.—Pet. gen. t. 105. f. 18. Pluk. alm. 251. t. 101. f. 4. In the north of England under the rocks by the river side at
Flowers white ?
Matlock-bath, Derbyshire, and in various parts of Westmoreland
Virginian Lady's Smock. Fl. May, June. Pl. | foot. and Cumberland ; rare in Scotland. Smith, engl. bot. t. 80.
32 C. FLACCIDA (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnæa. 1. p. 21.) Fl. dan. t. 1339.
Fl. dan. t. 1339. C. parviflòra, var. B, Lam. fl. fr. 2.
stems branched, prostrate, flagelliform, rooting ; leaves pinnate ; C. apétala, Moench. meth. 259. Flowers small, sometimes
leaflets angular or toothed, stalked; pedicels spreading, lower without petals, sometimes furnished with small white oblong
ones furnished with bracteas ; siliques erect. 2. H. Native petals. Pods, when ripe, curling up when touched.
.
of Chile in humid grassy places. Flowers small, white, in short B. eriocárpa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 262.) pods pilose. C. dasy-
racemes.
Leaves with 1-2 pair of leaflets and an odd one, carpa, Bieb. suppl. 437. O. H. Native of Iberia.
Flaccid-stemmed Lady's-Smock. Pl. creeping,
Impatient-podded Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, June. Britain.
33 C.? Te'res (Mich. A. bor. amer. 2. p. 29.) leaves pinnate-
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
parted, lyrate; lobes oval-oblong, terminal one somewhat 3- 39 C. LATIFO'LIA (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 7.) leaves pinnate,
.
Z
erect.
p. 500.
VOL.I. -PART II.

170
CRUCIFERÆ. XIII. CARDAMINE.
a
4. H.
-
smooth ; segments 3 or 7, rather orbicular, angularly-toothed ; Teatinos in the South Sea. Flowers small, white; pedicels fili-
pods erect, a little longer than the pedicels, pointed with the form, at last spreading.
style. 4. H. B. Native of the south of Europe along the Straggling Lady's-Smock. Pl. 1 foot.
1
borders of mountain rivulets, particularly in the Pyrenees.
C. 48 C. THALICTROIDES (All. ped. no. 951. t. 57. f. 1.) leaves
chelidònia, Lam. dict. 2. p. 183. exclusive of the synonym of stalked, smooth, upper ones pinnate; segments 3-5, stalked,
Barrelier. C. raphanifòlia, Pourr. act. Toul. 3. p. 310. Flowers ovate, 3-lobed; stem weak; pods spreading. 3. H. B. Na-
purplish, a little larger than those of C. pratensis. Herm. par. tive of the Alps of Piedmont, Dauphiny, and perhaps in Switzer-
p. 203. t. 69.
land, in rugged moist places in woods. C. Plumlerii, Vill. dauph.
Var. B, Legionensis (D.C. syst. 2. p. 262.) segments of leaves 3.
p.
359. t. 38. exclusive of the synonym of Bocconi. Flowers
7. 4. H. B. Native of Spain in the mountains of Leon. white, hardly smaller than those of C. amdra, with a yellowish
Var. y, Calàbria ; segments of leaves smaller; pedicels shorter. throat and claws.
4. H.B. Native of the kingdom of Naples near Scylla.
Meadow-Rue-like Lady's-Smock. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl., ft.
Broad-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1710. 49 C. GLAUCA (Spreng. in litt. 1819.) leaves stalked, smooth,
Pl.1 to 2 feet.
glaucous, rather fleshy, pinnate ; segments 5 or 9, oblong, ter-
40 C. Macrophy’LLA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 484.) leaves pinnate,
MACROPHY'LLA
3
minal one 3-lobed; stem diffuse, much branched; pods erect,
somewhat pubescent ; segments 5, oval-lanceolate, pointed, un- smooth.
Native of Calabria on a mountain near
equally serrated. 4. H. B.
. 4. H. B. Native of Siberia and Altaia near Reggio. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 31. C. Bergeriàna, Andrz. in
the town of Mangasea. Dentària hirsútula, Andrz. in litt. C. litt. 1820. C. thalictroides, Tin. C. corydaloides, Cusson.
chelidònia, Pall. itin. 3. p. 54.-Gmel. sib. 3. p. 269. t. 62. Flowers white, nearly the size of those of C. amàra. A tufted
Flowers about the size and colour of those of C. pratensis. plant.
Habit of a species of Dentària. Branches of root creeping. Glaucous Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 ft.
Long-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. June, Aug.
Clt. 1820. 50 C. MARITIMA (Portenschlag, in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 266.)
Pl. 1 or 12 foot.
leaves stalked, smooth, glaucous, pinnate ; segments 5 or 7, obo-
41 C. CHELIDO'NIA (Lin. spec. 914.) leaves pinnate, rather vately cuneated, repand; stem diffuse, much branched : pods
smooth ; segments stalked, ovate, toothed, lower segments pin- erect, smooth. O. H. Native of Dalmatia in the peninsula of
nate, into 3 or 4 small segments. 4. H. B. Native of Naples, Sabioncello, formerly called Hyllis, in sand on the sea-shore.
Hungary, Croatia, &c. in wooded mountains in moist places. Welden. icon. ined. t. 12. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 32. This plant
Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 149. t. 140. Petals oval, purple. much resembles Pteroneùrum carnòsum and also C. glaúcum,
Celandine Lady's-Smock. Fl. March, April. Člt. 1739. but differs from them both by its being an annual. Stems pur-
Pl. 1 foot.
plish. Leaves somewhat fleshy. Flowers white.
42 C. PETIOLA'RIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 264.) leaves on long Sea-side Lady’s-Smock. Pl., foot.
h
stalks, smooth, pinnate; segments 9-10, stalked, ovate, toothed, 51 C. DIGITA'TA (Richards. in Frankl. 1st journ. ed. 2. app.
somewhat lobed ; pods erect. 4 ? H. B. Native of Northern p. 26.) leaves digitately-pinnate; lobes 7, sessile, linear, quite
Caucasus near Mosdock. C. chelidònia affinis, Goldb. in litt. entire ; style short, hardly narrower than the pod; stigma capi-
Flowers white, nearly the size of those of C. thalictroides. Ra- tate; root creeping. 4. H. Native in sterile places at the
dical leaves almost the length of the flower stems.
Arctic sea.
Plant very smooth, simple, ascendant, creeping at
Stalked--leaved Lady's-Smock. Pl. I foot.
the base. Flowers white, tinged with purple, in loose, many-
43 C. PECTINA'TA (Pall. herb. & D. C. syst. 2. p. 264.) leaves flowered racemes. Calyx yellow.
stalked, smooth, pinnate; segments 7-9, stalked, ovate, pecti- Digitate-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. June, July. Pl. , foot.
nately-lobed ; pods spreading. O? H. B. Native of Persia. 52 C. PURPUREA (Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 20.) leaves
Flowers small, white; petals oblong, bluntish. Herb pale green. radical, few, on long stalks, pinnate, with 2 pair of orbicular,
Pectinate-lobed-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. July. Pl. foot. obovate, or elliptical leaflets, and a very large, ovate, roundish,
44 C. HEDERA'CEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 264.) leaves stalked, somewhat 3-lobed odd one, which is rather cordate at the base,
smooth, pinnate ; segments 5, stalked, broad-ovate, and bluntly and tapering into the petiole, all sessile ; style a line long. 4. H.
3-lobed ; pods erect. 2 ? H. B. Native of Syria. Flowers
Native of the island of St. Lawrence. Plant beset with a few
small, white. Pods very slender. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 30. f. A.
,
.
simple, spreading, stiff hairs. Leaflets running into the rachis,
Ivy-like-leaved Lady's-Smock. Fl. ? Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
quite entire. Flowers purple, in short 8-10-flowered racemes ;
45 C. GLACIA'LIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 264.) leaves stalked, pin- petals twice as long as the calyx; anthers white.
nate, somewhat ciliated ; lower segments sessile, 2 pair, small, Purple-flowered Lady's-Smock. Pl. 1 foot.
terminal one stalked, large, reniform ; pods erect.
2. H. B.
Native of Terra del Fuego in moist places which are nearly
† Species not sufficiently known.
always covered with snow. Sisymbrium glaciale, Forst. comm. 53 C.? MULTI'FIDA (Banks, herb. Pursh, fl. bor. amer. 2. p.
Goett. 9. p. 32. Flowers white. Pods almost filiform.
440.) pubescent, branched ; leaves interruptedly-pinnate ; seg-
Var. B, (D. C. 1. c.) segments of leaves 3.
ments bi-pinnatifid, the extreme lobes roundish, cut; pods
Icy Lady's-Smock. Pl. 1 foot.
shorter than the pedicels. 2. H. Native of Eastern Florida.
46 C. DE BILIS (Banks, mss. and herb.) leaves stalked, smooth, Nasturtium multífidum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 885. Perhaps a
pinnate; segments stalked, ovate, somewhat sinuated, mostly species of Brachýlobus.
2 pair, with an odd one which is kidney-shaped; stem weak; Multifid-leaved Lady's-Smock. Pl.?
pods erect. O? H. B. Native of New Zealand. Sisymbrium 54 C.? MENZI'EsII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 267.) canescent from
heterophyllum, Forst. prod. p. 64. no. 250. Flowers small, stellate hairs; leaves pinnate; segments bi-pinnatifid, lobes
white. Stems almost naked.
small, acute ; pods length of the pedicels. Native of the west
Weak-stemmed Lady's
Smock. Pl. 1 foot.
coast of North America. Nasturtium Menziesii, Spreng.
47 C. SARMENTO'SA (Forst. A. app. p. 92. no. 529.) leaves syst. 2. p. 883. Perhaps also a species of Brachýlobus. Flowers
stalked, smooth, pinnate ; segments 5, ovate, cut at the base, unknown.
lower ones stalked ; stem almost naked, bearing runners at the Menzies's Lady's-Smock. Pl. 1 foot.
base ; pods spreading. 2. G. B. Native of the island of 55 C.? GERANIIFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 268.) very smooth ;
4

CRUCIFERÆ. XIII. CARDAMINE. XIV. PTERONEURUM. XV. DENTARIA.
171
spa. 2.
p. 62.)
3
a
leaves somewhat bipinnate ; segments deeply-lobed, acute; pods sown in the open border in a damp situation, where they may
awl-shaped, erect.Native of the Straits of Magellan. Sisým- be allowed afterwards to sow themselves. Many of the
peren-
brum geraniifolium, Poir. dict. 7. p. 218. Petals white, obovate. nial kinds are very ornamental plants, but the annual and bien-
Geranium-leaved Lady's Smock. Pl. l] foot.
nial kinds have a weedy appearance, and therefore they are only
56 C. SCUTA'TA (Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 62.) radical leaves proper to be preserved in botanical gardens.
stalked, ternate, cauline ones few, with the terminal lobe roundish.
-Native of Japan. C. trifòlia, Thunb. A. jap. 260. but not of XIV. PTERONEU'RUM (from #tepov, pteron, a wing, and
Lin.
vEvpov, neuron, a nerve ; placentas with winged nerves.) D. C.
Shield-leaved Lady's-Smock. Pl. À foot.
syst. 2. p. 269. prod. 1. p. 154.
57 C. NEMORO'SA (Lejeun. f.
4. H. Very LIN. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique lanceolate, with
.
villous; leaves pinnate; segments roundish-angular. Native of flat nerveless valves, usually opening with elasticity. Placentas
France in woods about Malmedy and Encival. Flowers ter- with winged nerves. Funicle dilated. Style 2-edged. Roots
minal, few, corymbose, a little larger and of a more deep purple fibrous. Leaves pinnate, with stalked segments. Racemes ter-
than those of C. pratensis.
minal. Pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers white. Fruit like
Grove Lady's-Smock. Fl. May, June.
Fl. May, June. Pl. 1 foot.
that of Dentària ; the rest of the plant like Cardamine.
58 C. ARTICULATA (Pursh. A. bor. amer. 2. p. 439.) stem 1 P. JAVA'NICUM (Blum. bijdr. Al. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Lin-
naked ; radical leaves lanceolate, deeply-toothed, smooth. 4. næa. 1. p. 644.) leaves ternate; leaflets stalked, ovate-oblong,
H. Native of North America on the western coast.
Pods tur-
deeply-toothed, lateral ones unequal at the base. 4. S. Native
gid, somewhat jointed.
of Java.
Jointed-podded Lady’s-Smock. Pl. z foot.
Java Pteroneurum. Pl. 1 foot.
59 C. occu'LTA (Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p.71.) radical leaves 2 P. DECU'RRENS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets usually
roundish; cauline ones pinnate or ternate ; flowers without petals. 5, ovate, repand-toothed, rather ciliated, running into the petiole
O.H. Native of China. Perhaps a species of Nastúrtium. at the base. 4. S. Native of Java.
Hid-petalled Lady’s-Smock. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. Decurrent-leaved Pteroneurum. Pl. 1 foot.
60 C. HETEROPHY'LLA (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 377.) plant smooth, 3 P. CARNÒSUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 270.) segments of leaves
simple ; radical leaves roundish, with toothed petioles, cauline ovate and somewhat emarginate, rather glaucous. 4. H. Na-
ones lyrate. 8. H. Native of the Pyrenees, on the top of tive of Hungary on calcareous mountains among loose stones.
the mountain called Pic-du-Midi. Perhaps the same as C. Cardamine carnosa, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 137. t. 129.
heterophylla of Bory. in ann. gen. sc. ph. 3. p. 6.? Petals equal in Calyx spreading. Corolla double the length of the calyx. Petals
length with the closed calyx. Pods blunt, with a blunt append- white, obovate. Root and leaves fleshy. Stem purplish at the
age. Flowers white.
base.
Variable-leaved Lady's-Smock. Pl. į foot.
Fleshy-leaved Pteroneurum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 ft.
61 C. PROPINQUA (Carm. in Lin. soc. trans. 12. p. 507.) 4 P. GRÆCUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 270.) segments of leaves
plant very smooth ; leaves pinnate ; segments blunt, toothed, stalked, nearly orbicular, dentately-lobed. O. H. Native of
terminal one largest.-Native of Tristan da-Cunha on the sides Corsica, Sicily, Italy, Greece, and most of the islands in the
of mountains. Allied to C. glaciālis.
Archipelago, on shaded mountains. Cardamine Græ'ca, Lin.
Allied Lady's-Smock. Pl.?
spec. 915. Gært. fruct. 2. t. 143. Lam. ill. t. 562. f. 2. Smith A.
62 C. BI'color (Presl. fi. cech. 136.) leaves pinnate, stipu- græc. t. 631.
græc. t. 631. Flowers white, hardly the size of those of C.
late; segments elliptical-lanceolate, sessile; sepals roundish. amàra. Herb pale, green, somewhat glaucous, having the ap-
2. H. B. Native of Bohemia in humid fields.
pearance of a species of Fumària or Thalictrum.
Two-coloured Lady’s-Smock. Pl. 1 foot ?
Grecian Pteroneurum. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1710. Pl. Į foot.
63 C. Opi'cii (Presl. fl. cech. p. 136.) leaves pinnate, stipu- Cult. These plants succeed best in light sandy soil, and are
late; segments repandly-angular, sessile, lower ones roundish. well adapted for rock-work. The P. carnòsum may be increased
4. H. B. Native of Bohemia in moist meadows. There are by dividing the plant at the root or by seeds. The P. Græ'cum
.
two varieties of this plant, one with hairy, the other with smooth- by seeds, which may be either sown in the rock-work, or in the
ish petioles.
open boder. The Java species will require to be kept in a stove.
Opici's Lady's-Smock. Pl. ?
64 C. REFLE'XA (Raf. fi. lud. p. 84. no. 269.) 4.H.B. Native XV. DENTA'RIA (from dens, a tooth; tooth-like structure
of North America, near water, particularly in Louisiana. Flowers of roots; for the same reason it is called Toothwort in English.)
white. Petals reflexed, longer than the calyx. Perhaps referable Tourn. inst. 225. t. 111. Lin. gen. no. 811. Lam. ill. t. 562.
to C. Pennsylvánica. Leaves smooth, pinnate; segments tooth-
Juss.
gen. D. C. syst. 2. p. 271. prod. 1. p. 154.
ed at the top; racemes elongated.
LIN. syst. Tetradynámia, Siliquosa. Silique lanceolate, with
Reflexed-petalled Lady's Smock. Pl.foot.
flat nerveless valves, usually opening with elasticity. Placentas
65 C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Raf. fl. lud. p. 84. no. 270.) leaves pin- not winged. Funicle dilated.
Funicle dilated." Seeds ovate, not margined, dis-
nate; segments linear, filiform ; pods erect. 4. H. B. Native posed in one row. Radical trunt fleshy, horizontal, irregularly
of Louisiana near water. A small plant.
toothed. Scape erect, bearing the raceme at the top. Radical
Narrow-leaved Lady's-Smock. Pl. ?
leaves none or few, on long stalks ; cauline one stalked, placed
Cult. The greater part of the species require a moist or on the middle of the scape, usually in threes, alternate, or in
damp shady situation, but in any kind of soil. Some of the rarer whorles, palmately or pinnately-cut. Pedicels filiform, bractless.
kinds may be planted in pots, and these placed in pans of water.
Flowers white, cream-coloured or purplish.
C. hirsùta, and several other species, produce young plants from
the leaves. All that is necessary is to lay the leaf on a moist
$ 1. Verticillàtæ. Stem leaves whorled. Style long. Valves
grassy surface, or on moss kept moist. The plant propagates
terminating at the base of the style, hardly acuminated.
itself extensively in this way in moist soils; but the easiest and 1 D. POLYPHY’LLA (Walds. et Kit. pl. rar. hung. 2. p. 174. t.
most certain method is by dividing the perennial species at the 160.) leaves 3, in a whorl, or alternate, stalked, pinnate; seg-
root. The annual and biennial kinds only require to be ments 7 or 9, approximate, lanceolate, acuminated, serrated.
>
9
Z 2

172
CRUCIFERÆ. XV. DENTARIA.
2. H.
-
4. H. Native of Hungary in shady moist places of woods. fields about New York. Flowers pale-purple. Petals oblong-
oval.
Flowers large, cream-coloured.
Var. f, Ď. ochroleùca (Gaud. herb.) segments of leaves short, Largest Toothwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Pl. 2 feet.
ciliated. Native of Switzerland and Piedmont.
9 D. TRIFÒLIA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 148. t. 139.)
Many-leaved Toothwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 ft. leaves many, alternate, stalked, cut into 3 ovate-lanceolate re-
2 D. ENNEAPHY'LLA (Lin. spec. 912.) leaves 3, in a whorl, motely-toothed segments, bearing glands in the axillæ.
stalked, ternate; segments ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, ser- Native of Hungary in shady valleys. Petals white, obovate,
.
rated; stamens length of petals. 4. H. Native of moun- spreading 3 times longer than the calyx.
tain woods, particularly on the Carpathian mountains among the Three-leaved Toothwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 ft.
beech, and even at the height of 4600 feet among the Pinus 10 D. DIGITA'TA (Lam. dict. 2. p. 268.) cauline leaves many,
Mughus, also in Styria, Hungary, Austria, Carniola, Piedmont, alternate, stalked, palmately cut into 5 oblong-lanceolate,
&c. Jacq. aust. t. 361. Cardámine enneaphyllos, Crantz. cruc. pointed, grossly serrated segments. 4. H. Native of France,
p. 27. Cardámine enneaphylla, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. Germany, Switzerland, upper Italy, and Carniola, &c. in
4.
p. 101.-Lob. icon. t. 687.-Morr. oxon. 2. p. 254. sect. 3. shady mountain woods. Dentària pentaphyllos, Lin. spec. 912.
t. 10. f. 1. Flowers white, when dry cream-coloured. Herb var. B and y, Scop. carn. no. 814. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2202.
acrid.
Cardamine pentaphylla, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 101.
Nine-leaved Toothwort. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1659. Pl. 1 ft. -Clus. hist. 2. p. 122. f. 1. Mor. oxon. 2. p. 255. no. 3. sect.
3 D. GLANDULÒSA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 302. t. 272.) 3. t. 10. f. 3.-Taber. icon. p. 323 and 324.-Garid. aix.
prov.
leaves 3 in a whorl, stalked, ternate; segments oval-lanceolate, p. 152. t. 29. Flowers white or rather purplish.
acuminated, serrated, bearing glands in the axillæ ; stamens one- Digitate-leaved Toothwort. Fl. My. Ju. Cīt. 1659. Pl. to 13 ft.
half shorter than the petals. 24. H. Native of Hungary in hu-
mid woods; in Transylvania on mount Gætzenberg. Petals
§ 3. Pinnatifòlia. Cauline leaves pinnate, alternate.
pur-
plish, much longer and larger than the calyx.
11 D. PINNA'TA (Lam. dict. 2. p. 268. ill. t. 562. f. 1.) cauline
Glandular Toothwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1815. Pl. 1 foot. leaves alternate, stalked, pinnate ; segments oblong, acuminated,
4 D. LACINIA'TA (Muhl. cat. 60.) leaves 3 in a whorl, on short serrate-toothed. 4. H. Native of France, Italy, and Switzer-
stalks, 3-parted; lobes or segments linear, entire or deeply ser- land, in shady mountain woods. Boiss. fl. europ. t. 449.
rated, or jagged. 4. H. Native of North America in moun- Stok. mat. med. 3. p. 444. D. heptaphyllos, Vill. dauph. 3. p.
tain woods, from New England to Canada, particularly on the 364. D. pentaphyllos ß, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 498. Cardámine pin-
highest mountains of Carolina, also in Pennsylvania about West nàta, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 101.—Garid. aix.
Chester. D. concatenata, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 30. prov. p. 152. t. 28. Swert, floril. 2. t. 23. This plant differs
Flowers large. Petals oblong, rose-coloured, or almost white.
.
from D. bulbífera, to which it is nearly allied, by the superior
Var. B, mìnor (D. C. syst. 2. p. 273.) plant smaller in all its leaves being never undivided, and also from its not bearing bulbs
parts, hardly 3 inches high.
in the axillæ. Flowers white.
Jagged-leaved Toothwort. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 ft. Pinnate-leaved Toothwort. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1683. Pl. 1 ft.
5 D. HETEROPHY'LLA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 66.) cauline 12 D. Walli'chir; leaflets 9-12, opposite, lanceolate, mu-
leaves 2, opposite, stalked, ternate ; segments lanceolate-linear, cronate, deeply and bluntly serrated, pilose beneath, as well as
entire.
4. H.
Native of western Pennsylvania under the the stem, which is simple ; racemes many-flowered, pubescent.
shade of pine woods ; on banks at Wishahikon Bay, not far 2. H. Native of Gosaingsthan. Leaves a span in length;
from Philadelphia. This is the smallest of all the species. leaflets 3 inches in length. Flowers pale purple. This plant
Flowers pale-purple, about the size of those of Cardamine pra- differs from D. pinnata in the leaves being furnished with a
ténsis.
greater number of leaflets. Cardámine polyphylla, D. Don.
Variable-leaved Toothwort. Pl. Į foot.
prod. fl. nep. p. 202.
§ 2. Palmatifolia. Cauline leaves alternate, palmately-cut into
Wallich's Toothwort. Pl. 1} foot.
13 D. QUINQUEFÒLIA (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 109. suppl. 436.)
3 or 5 sections.
5 .
cauline leaves 3, alternate or whorled, pinnate; segments 5 or 7,
6 D. TENE'LLA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 439.) leaves 2, oblong-linear, grossly toothed, terminal one not confluent. 21.
alternate, sessile, cut in 3 linear-elliptical entire segments. 4.
H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus, and in the Ukraine, and
H. Native of North America along the banks of the Columbia about the town of Lubni in Russia Minor, under trees and in
river. Flowers purple, about the size of those of Cardamine woods. D. Caucásica, Willd. herb. D. pinnàta, Pall. ined. D.
pratensis.
pentaphyllos, Guldenst. itin. 1. p. 194. 420. Very like D.
Slender Toothwort. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1826. Pl. foot. pinnata Hypánica and bulbifera. Flowers pale-purple ? Deless.
7 D. DIPHY'LLA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 30.) cauline leaves icon. sel. 2. t. 33.
2, alternate, on short stalks, cut into 3 ovate-lanceolate grossly Five-leaved Toothwort. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot.
and unequally serrate-lobed segments. 2. H. Native of 14 D. HYPA'NICA (Besser, in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 278.)
North America from Pennsylvania to Canada, on the higher cauline leaves 3, alternate or in a whorl, pinnate ; segments
mountains in shady beech woods. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1465. 5-7, oblong-linear, toothed, terminal one confluent. 4. H.
Dentària bifòlia, Stok. mat. med. 3. p. 443. Petals ovate, Native of Bessarabia and Podolia on the banks of the river
white on the inside, and purple on the outside (Sims), pale red, Hypanis, sometimes called Bog river. Nearly allied to D. quin-
with a tinge of yellow (Pursh), yellowish (Mich.). The roots of quefolia, and easily confused with it; it is principally distin-
this plant have a pungent mustard-like-taste, and are used by guished from it by the ultimate segment of the leaves being never
,
the natives in the mountains instead of mustard, where it is cut down to the base, but confluent. Flowers pale-purple ?
generally known by the name of Pepper-root.
Hypan Toothwort. Fl. April, May. Pl. 1 foot. .
Two-leaved Toothwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1810. Pl. I to 1 ft. 15 D. BULBIFERA (Lin. spec. 912.) cauline leaves alternate,
8 D. MA'XIMA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 66.) leaves many, alter-
, pinnate, upper one undivided, for the most part bearing bulbs in
nate, stalked, cut into 3 broad oval deeply-toothed segments. the axillæ. 4. H. Native of Sweden, France, Switzerland,
4. H. Native of the western parts of Pennsylvania, and in the Italy, Germany, Greece, Transylvania, Carniola, Iberia, and

CRUCIFERÆ. XVI. PARRYA. XVII. LUNARIA.
173
-
-
Caucasus, at the base of mountains in shady humid places. In Var. f, glabra (Hook. l. c.) plant quite smooth. Neurolòma
England, near Mayfield, Sussex ; in the old park-wood near arabiflorum a, D. C.
Harefield, Middlesex, abundantly ; in woods between Beacons- Long-fruited Parrya. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1798. Pl. } foot.
field and Wickham, plentifully; on the north side of the high 2 P. A'RCTICA (R. Br. in Parry's 1st. voy. app. p. 269. t. B.)
rocks at Tunbridge Wells, and elsewhere in that neighbourhood. siliques linear oblong; anthers oval ; leaves (almost all) quite en-
Smith, eng. bot. t. 309. Fl. dan. t. 361. Schkuhr. handb. 2. tire; peduncles quite smooth. 2. H. Native of North Ame-
t. 183. Tratt. arch. 4. t. 188. Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 443. rica in the Eastern Arctic Islands, and shores of the continent of
Flowers purple, but they are said to be sometimes white.
Arctic America eastward of the Mackenzie river. Flowers in co-
Var. B, ptarmicæfolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 279.) upper leaves rymbs, of a pale purple-colour.
more sharply-serrated.-Besl. hort. eyst. oest. ord. 7. t. 12. f. 2. Arctic Parrya. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl. . foot.
-Mor. oxon. 2. p. 255. f. 6.
.
| 3 P. EXSCA
PA (Ledeb. ex Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 48.) pedi-
Bulb-bearing Toothwort. Fl. April, May. England. Pl. cels appear to spring from the top of the root without any scape,
17 to 2 feet.
and by the number and size of the flowers appear to conceal the
16 D. MICROPHY'LLA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 479.) cauline leaves leaves ; siliques 4-inches long; seeds hardly margined ; umbilical
3, alternate or somewhat verticillate, all pinnate, segments 7-11, cord wholly fixed to the dissepiment. 4. H. Native of the Al-
linear-lanceolate, entire or somewhat toothed. 4. H. Native taian mountains. Flowers probably rose-coloured.
of Caucasus and Iberia, in woods. Bieb. Al. taur. 2.
,
flp. 108. Scapeless Parrya. Pl. foot.
Flowers purplish, almost like those of D. pinnata.
4 P. SCAPÍGERA; pedicels length of calyx; petals rather
Small-leaved Toothwort. Fl. April, May. Pl. Į foot. emarginate ; leaves almost all radical, stalked, lanceolate, fleshy,
17 D. TENUIFÒLIA (Lebeb. mem. acad. peters. 5. 1815. p.
smooth as well as the stem. 2. H. Native of Siberia, at the
547.) cauline leaves on short stalks, alternate, some of which are mouth of the river Lena, at Cape Bykofskoy, and also at the
ternate, others pinnately-quinate; segments linear, acute, quite mouth of the river Volga. Neurolòma scapígerum, D. C.
entire ; root fibrous, bearing roundish tubers. 4. H. Native of prod. 1. p. 156. Hésperis scapíger, D. C. syst. 2. p. 454. .
Siberia, on the banks of rivers, and in humid meadows; also of Cheiránthus scapíger, Adam, mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 112.
p.
North America, on the banks of the Columbia. D. trifida, Lam. no. 18. Flowers violet, about the size of those of Hesperis ma-
ill. t. 562. f. 2. D. tuberosa, Patrin, ined.—Gmel. sib. 3. p. tronàlis, disposed in racemose corymbs. Leaves entire or toothed.
272. no. 41. t. 65. Flowers rose-coloured or purple, size of Scape-bearing Parrya. Pl. } foot.
- .
those of Cardamine pratensis.
5 P. INTEGE'RRIMA; stem suffruticose at the base ; radical
Var. B, incisa ; segments of leaves deeply notched. 4. H. leaves rather spatulate, quite entire ; cauline ones few ; racemes
Native of the Ural Mountains, in Siberia.
at first corymbose. h. H. Native of Siberia. Flower beau-
Fine-leaved Toothwort. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1825. Pl. 1 foot. tiful purple, about the size of those of Cardamine pratensis,
Cult. These plants succeed best in a light sandy soil, in moist Sweet, brit. fl. gard. icon. ined. but perhaps under a different
shady situations. They may be either increased by dividing the name.
roots, or by seeds. The D. bulbífera may be encreased by the Very-entire-leaved Parrya. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1827.
bulbs which grow in the axillæ of the leaves. They are all or- Pl. I foot.
1 2
namental plants, and deserve to be cultivated.
Cult. The species of this genus are well adapted for orna-
menting rock-work, but as they are very rare and apt to be killed
in the winter, we therefore would recommend a plant or two of
XVI. PA'RRYA (in honour of Captain William Edward Par- each to be planted in pots, and placed among other alpine plants.
ry, R. N. formerly commander of the expeditions sent in search A mixture of sand, loam, and peat will answer them well; the
of a North-West passage.) R. Br. in Parry's 1st. voy. app. p.
pots which they are planted in should be well drained with
269. t. B. Hook. f. bor amer. p. 46.
potsherds. They may be increased by dividing the plants at the
LIN. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique broad-linear,
SYST
- root, but more readily by seeds or by young cuttings.
with flat valves, which are more or less distinctly veined. Seeds
Tribe II.
disposed in something like 2-rows, edged with a broad wing.
Umbilical cord adnate to the dissepiment above. Lobes of stig- ALYSSI'NEÆ (plants agreeing with Alyssum in some im-
ma approximate. Evergreen perennial herbs with lanceolate or portant characters) or PLEURORHI'ZÆ (îlevpa, pleura, a
, a
oblong rather fleshy, toothed or entire leaves, and pale rose-co- side, piša, rhiza, a root; radicle at side of cotyledons: f. 46.c.)
loured flower. Roots thick, woody, fusiform, covered with the LATISE'PTÆ (latus, broad, and septum, a dissepiment.) D. C.
vestiges of the old leaves at their neck.
syst. 2. p. 280. prod. 1. p. 156. Silicle opening longitudinally,
1 P. MACROCA'RPA (R. Brown, in Parry's 1st. voy. app. p. with a broad oval membranous dissepiment, and flat or concave
270. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 47. t. 15.) siliques broad-linear ; valves. Seed compressed, usually margined (f. 46. g. h.). Coty-
anthers linear ; leaves broad, lanceolate, deeply toothed.
ledons flat, accumbent, parallel with the dissepiment (f. 46. c.;
Native of North America, to the west of Mackenzie River, fre-
quent on the shores of Kotzebue's Sound, and the adjacent coast,
and the Island of St. Lawrence. Originally found in Siberia. XVII. LUNA'RIA (from luna, the moon; resemblance in
Neurolòma arabiflòrum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 156. Hesperis ara- broad silvery dissepiment.) Lin gen. no.. 809. Gært. fruct. 2.
biflòra, D. C. syst. 2. p. 454. Neurolòma nudicaule, D. C. p. 288. t. 124. Lam. ill. t. 561. D. C. syst. 2. p. 280. prod.
prod. 1. p. 156. A'rabis nudicaule, D. C. syst. 2. p. 240.
1. p. 156.
Cardamine articulàta, Pursh. fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 439 ? Cardá- Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle stalked, ellip-
mine nudicaulis, Lin. spec. 913. Flowers in corymbs, large, of
tical or lanceolate, with flat valves. Funicles long, adhering
a purple rose-colour.
to the dissepiment Calyx somewhat bisaccate. Petals nearly
Var. a, áspera (Hook. 1. c.) plant beset with glandular hairs. entire. Stamens not toothed. Large somewhat pilose herbs, with
4. H. A'rabis caule nudo, Lin. amoen. acad. 2. p. 358. t. 4. f. round, erect, branched stems, and cordate grossly toothed, alter-
20. A'rabis grandiflora, Willd. spec. pl. Neurolòma arabiflo- nate or opposite stalked leaves. Flowers large, elegant, lilac.
rum ß, D. C. 1.c.
Racemes terminal; pedicels filiform bractless. Dissepiments
2. H.
f. 45. g.).

174
CRUCIFERÆ. XVII. LUNARIA. XVIII. Ricotia. XIX. FARSETIA.
RICOTIA
permanent, silvery. The English name of the genus, Honesty, Fine-leaved Ricotia. Fl. Jun. Jul. Pl. 1 foot.
1 /
is given to it on account of the clear brilliant disse piment.
1 L. REDIVIVa (Lin. spec. 911.) pods lanceolate, narrowed at
† A species not sufficiently known.
both ends. 4. H. Native of France, Switzerland, Germany,
3 R. CANTONE'NSIS (Lour. coch. ed. Willd. 2. p. 482.)
Italy, Transylvania, &c. &c. in mountain woods. Lam. ill. t.
561. f. 1. L. odorata, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 457. L. Ricotia, Gært.
leaves oblong, pinnate-cut. Native of China about Canton. Luna-
ria Ricòtia, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 174. Pods oblong, compress-
fruct. 2. p. 289. t. 142. L. perénnis, Gmel. fl. bad. 3. p.
48.
ed, thin, nearly sessile, differing from Ricòtia in having yellow
L. lanceolàta, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 442.
-442. Flowers sweet-
flowers and many-seeded pods.
scented, purplish.
Canton Ricotia. Pl. Å foot. .
Var. B, purpùrea (D. C. syst. 2. p. 281.) flowers purple.
Cult. This genus of pretty annuals is well adapted for orna-
Var. y, alpina (D. C. syst. 2. p. 281.) upper leaves less cor-
date ; pods narrower. Tab. icon. 512. Lunària alpina, Berg. be sown in the open border. A light sandy soil suits them best.
menting rock-work, where the seed should be sown, or they may
phyt. 3. p. 115.
Perennial Honesty. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1596. Pl. 2 or 3 feet.
2 L. BIE'NNIS (Moench. meth. 261.) pods elliptical, blunt at XIX. FARSE'TIA (in honour of Philip Farseti, a noble
both ends. J. H. Native of Sweden, Germany, France, Swit- Venetian botanist.) Turra fars. 1765. Desv. journ. bot. 3. p.
zerland, &c. in mountain woods. L. ánnua, Lin. spec. 911. 173.
173. D. C. syst. 2. p. 286. prod. 1. p. 157.
Lam. ill. t. 561. f. 2. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1829. t. 182. LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle sessile ovate
L. inodòra, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 457. L. rediviva, Gært. fruct. 2. (f. 46. g.), or orbicular, with flat valves (f. 46. g.). Seed
p. 288. t. 142. exclusive of the synonyms. L. ovàlis, Stok. winged (f. 46. g.). Calyx bisaccate at the base. Petals entire.
bot. mat. med. 3. p. 441. Flowers violet-lilac, scentless. Branched, erect herbs or sub-shrubs, which are more or less
In German this plant is named Mondviole, Mondkraut, Silber- hoary or downy. Leaves entire, oblong. Racemes terminal ; pedi-
blume, Silberblatt, Flittern, Atlasblume, Waldriegel. In Dutch, cels filiform without bracteas, or furnished sometimes with leafy
Maankruid, Penningkruid, Zilverbloeme. In Danish, Maane- bracteas. Flowers yellow, or dirty whitish-purple.
viol, Manefioler. In French, La Lunaire, Satinee, Satin blanc,
Passe Satin, Medaille, Herbe aux lunettes.
Sect. I. FARSETIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 157. Farsètia,
Var.B, albiflora (D. C. syst. 2. p. 282.) Flowers white.—Morr.
D. C. syst. 2. p. 287.) Petals oblong-linear, entire, whitish-pur-
oxon. 2. p. 246. no. 2.
ple. Stamens all toothless. Pods elliptical ; dissepiment pierced
Var. Y, corcyræ'a (D. C. syst. 2. p. 283.) pods almost orbi-
at the base.
cular. Native of the island of Corcyra. Perhaps a distinct
1 F. ÆGYPTIACA (Turr. diss. fars. 1765. 4to. p. 1. t. 1.)
species.
Biennial Honesty. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1595. Pl. l; to 3 ft.
stems shrubby, erect; leaves linear, pressed, hoary. h. G.
Cult. The species of Lunària are large well-known ornamen-
Native of Egypt, in the desert of Cairo, and about Aleppo ; in
tal plants. They thrive well in the open border, in common
Mauritania, at the bottom of mountains near Cafza. Cheiran-
garden soil. The L. biénnis can only be increased by seeds,
thus Farsètia, Lin. mant. 94. Desf. atl. 2. p. 89. t. 160. Lu-
which should be sown in the border where the plants are intended
nària scabra, Forsk. ægyp. desc. 117. Farsètia cheiranthoides,
R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 96. Stem much branched.
to remain, or they may be transplanted. The L. rediviva
may
be either increased by dividing the plant at the root, or by
Egyptian Farsetia. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1788. Pl. 1 foot.
2 F. STYLÒSA (R. Br. in append to Denh. and Clapper. journ.
seeds.
p. 12.) plant much branched ; silicle oblong, many-seeded ; lobes
of stigma spreading. h. G. Native about Tripoli. Leaves
not seen.
XVIII. RICO'TIA (Ricot, probably the name of some ob-
scure botanist.) Lin. gen. no. 810. Lam. ill. t. 561. D. C. syst.
Broad-styled Farsetia. Pl. 1 foot ?
2. p. 284. prod. 1. p.
157.
LIN. SYST. Tetradamamia, Siliculosa. Silicle sessile, ellip-
Sect. II. CYCLOCARPÆ'A (from kvkloc, kyklos, a circle, and
tical, when ripe losing its dissepiment and becoming 1-celled :
kaptos, karpos, a fruit; orbicular pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 287.
valves flat. Funicles long, free. Seeds when young 4, when
prod. 1. p. 157. Petals oblong, somewhat emarginate. Smaller
ripe, solitary and nearly central in the cell. Calyx with two pro-
stamens furnished with a tooth. Pods orbicular, smooth, with
tuberances at the base. Petals entire. Stamens toothless.
an entire dissepiment.
Smooth, slender, branched, annual herbs, with variable pinnate-
3 F. SUFFRUTICÒSA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 287.) stems at base
lobed, stalked leaves, and filiform bractless pedicels, which are
somewhat shrubby, erect ; leaves lanceolate, downy.
disposed in elongated racemes, bearing pale lilac-coloured flowers Native of Persia, between Hamadan and Casbin, and at Mount
about the size and appearance of those of Cakile.
Elwend. Lundria suffruticosa, Vent. cels. t. 19. Flowers rather
1 R. Luna'ria (D. C. syst. 2. p. 284.) leaves almost bipin- drooping, scentless, of a violet-lilac colour. Sepals velvety.
nate ; lobes oblong, sinuated, angular. O. H. Native of Syria
Suffruticose Farsetia. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1830. Pl. 1 foot.
not far from Saleyeh, also on Mount Carmel near Ptolemy. R.
Ægyptiaca, Lin. spec. 912. Lam. ill. t. 561. Ker. bot. reg.
.
t.
.
SECT. III. Fibícia (derivation unknown.) D. C. syst. 2. p.
49. Cardámine Lundria, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 656. Lunària Rico- 288. Med.
gen.
1. p. 90. t. 2. f. 23. D. C. prod. 1. p. 157.
.
tia, Gært. fruct. 2. p. 289. t. 142.-Mill. icon. 2. p. 113. t. 169. Laminæ of petals ovate or oval, yellow, entire, smaller stamens
Plant twisted, somewhat scandent. Petals lilac, with white claws. furnished each with a tooth. Pods elliptic : dissepiment entire,
Pods ovate lanceolate.
bounded by narrow linear areolæ. This section is considered
Moon-podded Ricotia. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1757. Pl. foot. by Mr. Brown sufficient to constitute a genus.
2 R. TENUIFÒLIA (Smith. fl. græc. t. 630.) leaves somewhat 4 F. LUNARIOÌDES (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 96.)
bipinnatifid ; lobes linear. O.H. Native of Caramania. Peltària stems suffruticose, ascendant; leaves oblong-obovate, stalked,
Caramaniénsis, Sibth. in herb. Banks. Stem much branched, and are as well as the pods downy-hoary. 4. H. Native of
twiggy. Flowers lilac. Pods compressed, flat, obovate, blunt. the islands in the Archipelago. Lunària Græ ca, Willd. enum.
h.G.
-
1

CRUCIFERÆ. XIX. FARSETIA. XX. Koniga. XXI. BERTEROA.
175
2. p. 675. Lunària perennis, Mill. dict. no. 4. Alyssum luna- linear. Racemes terminal, sometimes leafy at the base. Flowers
rioides, Willd. spec. 3. p. 461.-Tourn. itin. ed. gall. 1. p. 242.
,
white.
t. 30. Flowers yellow ; limb of petals ovate ; sepals whitish. 1 K. MARI'TIMA (R. Br. 1. c.) cells 1-seeded. h.G. O.H.
Lunaria-like Farsetia. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1731. Pl. 1 foot. Native along the Mediterranean Sea, in the sand, and in other
5 F. ERIOCA'RPA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 288.) stems erect, shrubby parts of the south of Europe. Alyssum halamifolium, Lin.
spec.
at the base ; leaves oblong; pods densely clothed with silky-hairs. 907. Curt. bot. mag. t. 101. A. mínimum, Lin. spec. 908.
(f. 46.g.) Þ.G. Native of the island of Cyprus. Very like F. Clypèola marítima, Lin. mant. 426. A. marítimum, Lam. dict.
clypeata, but differs in the pods being clothed with long, simple, 1. p. 98. Dràba marítima, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 461. Lepídium
crowded white hairs, not with short hairs. Deless. icon. sel. 2. fràgrans, Willd. in Ust. bot. mag. 11. p. 37. Lobulària marí-
t. 34. Flowers not seen.
tima, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 62.
Woolly-podded Farsetia. Pl. 1 foot.
Var. B, Canariensis ; stems longer ; cells usually 2-seeded.
6 F. CLYPEA'TA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 96.) h.G. Native of the Islands of Teneriffe and Grand Canary.
stems herbaceous, erect; leaves oblong, repand; pods velvety
Var. y, variegata ; leaves edged with white or yellow. h. G.
from short down; stigma capitate. 5. H. Native of rocky Sea-side Koniga. Fl. Jun. Nov. Britain. Pl. procumbent
hills and mountains in the south of Europe, on mounts Maronis or erect.
and Lebanon in Sicily; frequent in Asia-Minor, Tauria, and in 2 K. LÍBYCA (R. Br. 1. c.) cells many-seeded, usually six.
Iberia, about Tiflis, &c. Sweet, fl. gard. icon. Alyssum clype-
,
ħ. F. or O. H. Native of Africa near Tripoli. Lunaria Líby-
àtum, Lin. spec. 909. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1815. t. 181. ca, Viv. Al. lib. spec. p. 34. t. 16. f. 1.
Draba clypeàta, Lam. dict. 2. p. 328. Lunària clypeata, All. Libyan Koniga. Fl. Jun. Nov. Pl. erect.
ped. 1. p. 245. no. 899. Lunària canescens, Willd. enum. 2. p. Cult. These plants will grow freely if sown in the open bor-
675.—Lob. icon. t. 323. f. 1. Petals yellow, oblong, bluntly der as other hardy annuals. The striped variety of K. marítima
truncate.
should be kept as a green-house shrub, and it should be increased
Var. a, ebracteàta (Borh. ined. alt. 2. *6. no. 7.) pedicels by cuttings, which strike root readily if planted under a hand-
without bracteas.
glass.
Var. B, bracteàta (Boerh. ined. alt. 2. 7. no. 10.) pedicels
furnished with bracteas.
XXI. BERTERO'A (in honour of Charles Joseph Bertero,
Buckler-podded Farsetia. Fl. Jú. Jul. Clt. 1596. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. a pupil of Balbis and friend of De Candolle, who speaks in high
7 F. CHEIRANTHIFÒLIA (Desv. journ. 3. p. 173.) stem erect, terms of his merit.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 290. prod. 1. p. 158.
herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate, hairy, quite entire ; pods velvety LIN. SYST. Tetradamamia, Siliculosa. Silicle sessile, ellip-
with short down ; stigma bifid. 3. H. Native of the Levant. tical or obovate, with flat or concave valves. Calyx equal at the
Alyssum cheiranthifolium, Willd. spec. 3. p. 468. Very like F. base. Petals 2-parted. Smaller stamens toothed. Seeds oval,
clypeàta, but the leaves are less hoary. Flowers yellow. flat, with narrow margins. Erect, branched herbs or sub-shrubs,
Wall-flower-leaved Farsetia. Pl. i foot.
hoary with branched hairs. Leaves oblong-linear, entire or
8 F. TRIQUEʼTRA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 290.) stems at base suf- somewhat sinuated. Racemes opposite the leaves and terminal,
fruticose ; branches triquetrous, ascendant ; leaves downy, radi- many-flowered, corymbose, at length becoming elongated ; pedi-
cal ones obovate, stalked, cauline ones oblong-lanceolate; style cels filiform, erect, bractless. Flowers small, white.
long, deciduous; stigma simple. H.F. Native of Dalmatia, on 1 B. INCA'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 291.) pods pubescent, some-
rocks. Welden. icon. ined. t. 11. Pods elliptical. Flowers what ventricose. f. H. Native of many parts of Europe
yellowish. Stamens toothless. .
among rubbish, sandy, and uncultivated places, exposed to the
Triquetrous-branched Farsetia. Fl. April, May. Pl. i de- sun. Alyssum incanum, Lin. spec. 978. Horn. f. dan. t. 1461.
cumbent.
Dràba cheirifolia, Berg. phyt. icon. Dràba cheiranthifolia, Lam.
Cult. The green-house kinds of this genus thrive well in a dict. 2. p. 328. Monchia incàna, Roth. fi. germ. 1. p. 273.
mixture of sandy loam and peat; and young cuttings strike root Farsètia incàna, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 97. Steve-
readily in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass, or they may nia incàna, Andrz. cruc. ined. Pods oval, oblong, with membra-
be raised from seeds, which sometimes ripen in abundance. naceous convex valves which are, when ripe, smooth. The
The hardy perennial kinds are well adapted for rock-work or whole plant hoary with pressed stellate hairs, but in moist
for the front of flower-borders; or they may be grown in small ground it becomes smooth. Flowers white.
pots, in a mixture of loam and peat, and placed among other al- Var. B, prolifera (D. C. syst. 1. c.) each calyx bearing three
pine plants, so as to be protected by a frame during severe wea-
flowers instead of one, the 2 lateral ones sessile, the middle one
ther; they are readily increased by seeds, or by cuttings planted
stalked. Native of Tauria.
under a hand-glass. The biennial species are also well adapted Hoary Berteroa. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1640. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
for rock-work, or the front of flower-borders; they should be 2 B. MUTA’BILIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 292.) pods compressed,
sown where they are intended to remain, or they may be trans- flat, elliptical, smooth. 4. H. Native of the island Corcyra.
planted.
Alyssum mutábile, Vent. cels. t. 85. Farsètia mutabilis, R. Br.
in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 96. Dràba mutabilis, Desv. journ.
3. p. 172. Very nearly allied to B. incàna, but the stems are
XX. KONIGA (Konig of Adauson, and in honour of evidently shrubby at the base, and permanent, and the plants less
Charles Konig, F.R.S. F.L.S. superintendant of the natural his- hoary. Petals when young white, adult ones pale rose-coloured,
tory department in the British Museum.) R. Br. in append. with yellowish claws, bluntly bifid.
Denh. and Clapp. exp. afr. p. 9.
.
Changeable-flowered Berteroa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802.
LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle somewhat Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
ovate, with flattish valves and 1 or many-seeded cells. Funicle 3 B. OBLI' QUA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 292.) pods flat, elliptical,
adhering to the base of the dissepiment. Seeds usually mar- pubescent. 2. H. Native of Rome, Naples, Sicily, and Calabria,
gined. Calyx spreading. Petals quite entire. Glands 8, hy- in fields. Alyssum obliquum, Smith, Al. græc. t. 623. Farsètia
pogynous. Filaments all toothless. Annual or perennial herbs
Annual or perennial herbs obliqua, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 870. An intermediate plant between
white from appressed forked down. Leaves quite entire, almost the two preceding species, differing from B. incàna in the valves

176
CRUCIFERÆ. XXII. AUBRIETIA. XXIII. VESICARIA.
Root perpen-
of the silicles being flat, and from B. mutabilis in the silicles flated, with hemispherical valves. Seeds many, generally beyond
being downy. Flowers white ; petals bifid.
8, usually margined. Petals entire. Stems shrubby at the base,
Oblique Berteroa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. branched, round. Leaves oblong or linear entire, or somewhat
4 B. ORBICULA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 293.) pods flat, obovately sinuated. Racemes terminal. Pedicels bractless, filiform.
orbicular, pubescent. h. H. Native in the sand at Xerxis Flowers yellow.
Channel. Alyssum orbiculatum, D. Urv. Farsètia orbiculata,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 870. Leaves and stems hoary with stellate Sect. I. VESICA'RIANA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 296. prod. 1. p.
hairs. Flowers white; petals bifid.
159.) silicles globose, with membranous inflated valves.
Orbicular-podded Berteroa. Fl. Jul. Aug. Pl. 1 ft. decumbent. 1 V. UTRICULA'TA (Lam. ill. t. 559.) calyx bisaccate at the
5 B. Peruvia'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 293.) pods ovate-oblong, base; leaves oblong, quite entire, smooth ; lower ones ciliated,
scabrous with small hairs; pedicels bracteate. 4. h. G.
somewhat spatulate. ñ. H. Native of Greece, Italy, France,
Native of Peru in the coldest places. Farsètia Peruviana, Spreng. Piedmont, &c. on calcareous rocks. Alyssum utriculatum, Lin.
Petals obcordate, twice the length of the calyx. Leaves and mant. 92. Curt. bot. mag. t. 130. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p.
stems scabrous with distant stellate hairs.
215. t. 196. Alyssum Oedèri ß, Durand, fl. bourg. 1. p. 161.
Myàgrum utriculatum, Berg. phyt. univ. icon. Flowers yellow,
Cult. As the species of this genus ripen seed in abundance, almost like those of Wall-flower.
it is the best method of increasing them. They only require to Bladder-podded Vesicaria. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1730. Pl. 1 ft.
be sown in the open border, but, however, young cuttings of the 2 V. RETICULA'TA (Lam. ill. t. 559. f. 2.) calyx ? leaves ob-
shrubby sorts planted under a hand-glass will root freely. Not long-linear, smooth, radical ones rosulate, toothed, cauline ones
worth cultivating except in botanic gardens.
entire. 24. H. Native of Armenia between Baitbout and
Conac ; of Syria near Damascus. Alyssum vesicària, Lin. spec.
XXII. AUBRIE'TIA (in honour of M. Aubriet, a famous 910. Flowers small, yellow, in short racemes. Root
French botanical draughtsman.) Adams, fam. 2. p. 420. D. C. dicular.
syst. 2. p. 293. prod. 1. p. 158.
Reticulated-podded Vesicaria. Fl. June. Clt.? Pl. 7 foot.
LIN. SYST.
Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle oblong, with 3 V. LUDOVICIA'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 297.) calyx equal at the
convex valves. Seeds not margined. Calyx bisaccate at the base, somewhat spreading ; leaves linear-spatulate, entire, hoary
base. Petals entire. Smaller stamens toothed. Small ever- with stellate-tomentum ; stem at the neck somewhat shrubby;
green pilose herbs, with ovate or oblong entire, or angularly- pods globose, downy; style slender. 4. H. Native of Loui-
toothed leaves, which are covered with simple and branched siana on the banks of the river Missouri. Myàgrum argénteum,
hairs. Racemes opposite the leaves and terminal, lax, few- Pursh. Alyssum Ludovicianum, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 63.
flowered. Pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers purplish, seldom Flowers yellow, a little larger than those of Alyssum saxátile.
white.
Louisiana Vesicaria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. Pl. i foot.
1 A. DELTOI'DEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 294.) pedicels longer than 4 V. SINUATA (Poir. dict. 8. p. 570.) calyx equal at the base,
the calyx. 4. H. Native of Naples near Aversa, of Sicily somewhat spreading, and is velvety as well as the oblong, en-
on the Nebrodes and near Palermo, on mount Lebanon, tire, or sinuately-toothed leaves ; stem herbaceous.
and of Greece, &c. &c. on rocky mountains. Alyssum del. Native of Spain in cultivated places, and on the road-side to
toideum, Lin. spec. 908. Curt. bot. mag. t. 126. Smith, Al. Castello ; also by the sea-side in Istria and Illyria, &c. Alyssum
græc. t. 628. Farsètia deltoidea, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. sinuàtum and Créticum, Lin. spec. 910. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no.
4. p. 97. Vesicària deltoidea, Poir. dict. 8. p. 572.
572. Stem
1816. t. 181. Petals yellow, emarginate, at length becoming
trate, ascendant. Leaves with 1 or 2 large teeth on each side, white. Seeds 6 in each cell, while the rest have only 4.-Morr.
therefore they are rhomboidal, not truly deltoid, scabrous, oxon. 2. p. 247. sect. 3. t. 9. f. 6.
with short branchy stellate hairs. Petals twice the length of the Sinuated-leaved Vesicaria. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1596. Pl. 1 foot.
calyx, with long claws, purplish.
5 V. GLOBO'SA (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 171 and 184.) leaves
Deltoid-leaved Aubrietia. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1710. Pl. lanceolate, acute, entire, smoothish ; pods spherical, somewhat
prostrate.
villous. h.? H.
h.? H. Native of North America in arid places.
2 A. PURPU'REA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 294.) pedicels shorter Pods small, terminated by the filiform style; cells many-seeded.
than the calyx. 4. H. Native of Bithynia on the top of Flowers yellow.
mount Olympus. A'rabis purpurea, Smith, fl. græc. t. 643. Globose-podded Vesicaria. Pl. } foot.
Drába hesperidifòlia, Lam. dict. 2. p. 328. A small tufted 6 V. FRUTICULOSA (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 171 and 184.)
plant, with oblong entire or toothed leaves, which are hispid leaves somewhat spatulate, quite entire, white with down ; pods
with stellate or branched down as well as the
younger stems.
somewhat globose, inflated, smooth. h. H. Perhaps a native
Flowers about the size, colour, and form of A. deltoidea.
of some of the islands in the Archipelago. Flowers yellow.
Purple-flowered Aubrietia. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1821. Pl. Fruticulose Vesicaria. Pl. 1 foot.
2 or 3 inches.
7 V.? PHYSO'PHORA (Andrz. cruc. ined. in D. C. syst. 2. p.
Cult. These very ornamental plants thrive well in a dry 300.) leaves oblong, blunt, crowded, downy; pods sub-globose,
soil; they are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work on somewhat pubescent; style very short.-Native of?
the front of flower-borders, where they will flower nearly all Bladder-bearing Vesicaria. Pl. foot.
the season ; they are readily increased by dividing the plants at 8 V. A'RCTICA (Richards. in Frankl. 1st journ. ed. 2. app. p.
the root, or cuttings planted under a hand-glass will root readily; 26.) radical leaves obovately-spatulate, the rest somewhat linear,
seeds also ripen frequently, by which they may be raised in quite entire, hoary with starry tomentum ; pods orbicular, in-
plenty.
flated, smooth, longer than the thickish style ; calyx equal ;
stem suffruticose. h. H. Native of Amanak in Greenland ;
XXIII. VESICA'RIA (from vesica, a blister or bladder ; in- also of North America, but mostly confined to the Arctic shores
flated pods.) Lam. ill. t. 559. D. C. syst. 2. p. 295. prod. 1. and islands eastward of the Mackenzie River. Alyssum árcticum,
Horn. fl. dan. t. 1520. Flowers large, yellow.
LIN. SYST.
Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle globose, in- Arctic Vesicaria. Fl. April, June. Pl. į foot.
8. H.
Stem pros-
a
p. 159.

CRUCIFERÆ.
177
XXIII. VESICARIA. XXIV. SCHIWERECKIA. XXV. ADYSETON.
-
a
9 V. ARENÒSA (Richards. l. c.) lower leaves somewhat rhom- Siberia. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 36. Sweet, brit. fl. gard. t. 77.
boidal, obsoletely sinuate-toothed, grey with stellate down; stem Alyssum Podólicum, Bess. cat. hort. crim. 1816. p. 8.
round, suffruticose at the base ; pods globose, pubescent. ħ.
h Podolian Schiwereckia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 foot.
H. Native of North America on hills and dry prairies on the Cult. This pretty little plant thrives well in rock-work, or to
Arctic shore, at Saskatchawan, and at Carlton House. V. árc- be grown in small pots in light sandy soil, and placed among
tica, Hook, in bot. mag. t. 2882. var. B. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. other alpines. It may be either increased by seed or dividing
48. Flowers yellow, smaller than those of the preceding. the plant at the root.
Stems spreading or ascendant.
Sand Vesicaria. Fl. April, June.
Fl. April, June. Pl. 1 foot ?
XXV. ADYSETON (meaning unknown.) Scop. carn. 2. p.
10 V. DIDYMOCA'RPA (Hook. fl. bor. amer. t. 16.) plant beset 13. Alyssum, sect. 1. Adysèton, D. C. syst. 2. p. 301. prod.
with forked hairs ; leaves spátulate, slightly toothed, or entire ; 1. p. 160. Alyssum, spec. Lin.
.
stems decumbent; pods didymous, inflated about the length of Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicles obovate or ellipti-
the slender style, beset with forked hairs; root fusiform. 4. cal, with flat valves. Seeds 1-2-4 in each cell, compressed, usually
H. Native of North America in the Arctic regions. Flowers girded by a membranous wing. Calyx equal at the base. Petals
yellow, disposed in racemose corymbs. Calyx equal at the base. entire. Stamens all or some of them toothed. Small ever-
Twin-fruited Vesicaria. Pl. foot.
green herbs or sub-shrubs, grey from soft starry-hairs or down.
11 V. COCHLEARIOIDES (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 872.) herba- Leaves oblong, linear, or obovate, entire. Racemes opposite the
ceous ; leaves oblong, obtuse, sinuately-toothed, rather fleshy, leaves or terminal, elongating as they grow old ; pedicels fili-
smooth ; calyx permanent, inflated when in fruit. 4. H. Na- form, bractless. Flowers yellow.—The authorities given for the
.
tive of the East Indies. Alyssum cochlearioìdes, Roth.
species are under Alyssum.
Scurvy Grass-like Vesicaria. Pl. 1 foot.
Sect. I. DISODÓNTEA (from dıs, dis, double ; odovs odovtos,
Sect. II. Alyssoi'DES (plants with the habit of Alyssum.) odous odontos, a tooth; stamens furnished with a tooth on each
D. C. syst. 2. p. 298. prod. 1. p. 159. Silicles ovate, with side.) Flowers yellow. Stamens all or the larger ones furnished
concave stiffish valves.
with a tooth on each side. Seeds 1-2 in each cell.
12 V. CRE'TICA (Poir. dict. 8. p. 570.) calyx deciduous; 1 A. SAXA'TILE · (Lin. spec. 908.) stems suffruticose at the
leaves oblong, entire or repand, waved, covered with hoary base, somewhat corymbose ; leaves lanceolate, entire, clothed
down. h ħ. or 4. H. Native of Crete. Alyssum Créticum, with hoary tomentum; pods obovate, orbicular, 2-seeded; seeds
Lin.
spec. 910? Willd. spec. 3. p. 460.–Alp. exot. p. 117 and
.
margined. Þ. H. Native of Russia at the falls of Bori-
118. icon. Pods ovate-globose, hoary. Seeds girded by a sthen, and in Podolia. Curt. bot. mag. t. 159. Aurìnia saxatilis,
membranous margin. Flowers yellow.
Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 162. A very common plant in gardens.
Cretan Vesicaria. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1739. Pl. foot.
Called in France Corbeille d'or!
13 V. VESTITA (Desy. jour. bot. 3. p. 171 and 184.) calyx Rock Adyseton. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1710. Pl. 1 foot.
permanent; leaves linear, acute, downy, entire. h. H. Native 2 A. GemonE'NSE (Lin. mant. 92.) stems suffruticose at the
of Persia near Hamadan. Flowers yellow. Seeds not margin- base, panicled ; leaves lanceolate, entire, greyish-velvety from
ed. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 35.
stellate down; pods nearly orbicular, 2-4-seeded ; seeds mar-
Clothed Vesicaria. Pl. foot.
gined. F.H.
h. H. Native on walls about the town of Gemona in
14 V. PANICULA TA (Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 171.) leaves ob- Italy, and in Austria, Carinthia, and Transylvania, on rocky
ovate, entire, smooth ; pods ovate, somewhat inflated.
mountains. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 503. Alyssum saxátile,
Native of Crete. Alyssum paniculatum, Desf. cor. Tourn. p. Crantz. austr. p. 16. Vesicària Gemonensis, Poir. dict. 8. p.
67. t. 50. Flowers unknown.
571.
Panicled-flowered Vesicaria. Pl. Å foot.
Gemona Adyseton. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1710. Pl. 1 foot.
Cult. The species of this genus are well adapted for orna- 3 A. ORIENTA'LE (Ard. specim. 2. p. 32. t. 15. f. 1.) stems
menting rock-work or the front of flower borders: young cut-
suffruticose at the base, panicled ; leaves lanceolate, repandly-
tings planted under a hand-glass will soon strike root; but the toothed, waved, downy; pods almost orbicular, transversely-
best and most general method of increasing them is by seed, oval, 4-seeded; seeds margined. Þ.H. Native of Crete on
which ripen in abundance. They thrive best in a dry situation, the mountains; at the Euxine sea on the sandy shore near Fanar.
in any kind of soil. Some of the rarer kinds should be planted On rocks in the island of Cois, and also in the south of Italy.
in pots, so that they may be protected by a frame during severe Smith Al. græc. t. 625. Clypèola tomentosa, Lin. mant. 92.
weather.
Oriental Adyseton. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
.
4. A. SPATHULA'TUM (Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 465.) stems
p
XXIV. SCHIWERE'CKIA (in honour of Andr. Schivereck, suffruticose at the base; leaves spatulately-obovate, stalked, grey-
a famous Polish botanist, formerly a friend of Marschall Bieber- ish-velvety ; pods orbicular, a little longer than the style ; seeds
stein's.) Andrz. Cruc, ined. in Ď. C. syst. 2. p. 300. prod. 1. margined.
margined. h. H. Native of Siberia 'on mountains ; also in
cretaceous ground at the river Lena. Alyssum cretàceum,
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia Siliculòsa. Silicle ovate, with con- Adams, soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 109. Deless. icon, sel. 2. t. 37.
vex valves, which are somewhat depressed lengthways in the
Petals emarginate, double the length of calyx.
middle. Seeds numerous, without margins. Calyx equal at Spatulate-leaved Adyseton. Fl. Ap. May. Clt. 1821. Pl. ft.
the base. Petals entire. Larger stamens toothed. A little 5 A. ARGE'NTEUM (Vitm. summ. 4. p. 30.) stems suffruticose
evergreen perennial herb, white from stellate down. Radi- at the base, hoary with stellate down ; leaves oblong-spatulate,
cal leaves rosulate, oval-oblong, toothed, cauline ones few, silvery on the under surface; pods ovate-orbiculate, compressed,
stem-clasping. Racemes terminal; pedicels filiform, bractless. velvety ; seeds slightly margined. . H. Native of the lower
Flowers white. Ovaries and siliques grey from short soft Alps of Piedmont, on rocks exposed to the sun.
Lunària argén-
down.
tea, All. ped. no. 901. t. 54. f. 3.
1 S. PoDo'LICA (Andrz. et Bess. in litt. D. C. syst. 1. c.) 4. Silvery-leaved Adyseton. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 ft.
H. Native of Podolia, Volhynia, and the Ural mountains in 6 A. BERTOLÒNII (Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 172 and 185.) stems
h. H.
a
p. 160.
VOL. I.-PART II.
A a

178
CRUCIFERÆ. XXV. ADYSETON.
.
Þ.H.
.
suffruticose at the base, grey with stellate down ; leaves oblong- 15 A. ALPE'STRE (Lin. mant. 92.) stems suffruticose at the
obovate, silvery on the under surface; pods elliptical, com- base, diffuse, greyish ; leaves obovate, hoary ; racemes simple ;
pressed, greyish ; seeds not margined. Þ.H. Native of Italy pods obovate-oblong, greyish, with flat valves. h. H. Native
on hills and rocks exposed to the sun, about Sarzena and else- of the Alps of Provence, Piedmont, Vallais, Portugal, France,
where. A. argénteum, Bertol. amoen. ital. p. 34. exclusive of the Transylvania, Greece, &c. on rocks exposed to the sun. All.
synonyms. Savi. bot. etr. p. 185. no. 569. Very like A. argén- ped. no. 888. t. 18. f. 2. Smith, fl. græc. t. 624. A. minútulum,
.
teum.
Schleich. pl. helv. A tufted plant.
Bertoloni's Adyseton. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. Pl. 1 foot. Alp Adyseton. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1777. Pl. 1 foot.
7 A. MURA'LE (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 5. t. 6.) stems 16 A. NEBRODE'NSE (Tineo, pug. pl. sicul. p. 12. no. 10.)
p
suffruticose at the base, grey from stellate down ; leaves oblong, stems suffruticulose, ascendant, canescent; leaves obovate, hoary;
acutish, under surface white ; pods ovate, rather velvety ; seeds racemes corymbose; pods elliptical-obovate, hoary, with flat
not margined. h.H. Native of Transylvania on the old walls valves. h. H. Native of Sicily on the Nebrodes.
about Deva, and on mount Vulkany towards Abrudhanya. Very Nebrode Adyseton. Fl. June, July. Pl. to 1 foot.
like the two preceding plants.
17 A. MARSCHALLIA'NUM (Andrz. cruc. in D. C. syst. 2. p.
Wall Adyseton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1801. Pl. 1 foot. 308.) stems suffruticose, erect, and are as well leaves hoary ;
8 A. Savraʼnicum (Andrz. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 858.) stems lower leaves obovate, upper ones oblong-linear; racemes simple ;
diffuse, ascending ; leaves spatulately-linear, clothed with starry pods elliptical, grey, with somewhat convex valves.
pubescence, densely tomentose beneath ; flowers minute ; silicles Native of Eastern Caucasus and Tauria among broken stones.
hoary, with pubescence. h. H. Native of Podolia.
A. alpestre, Bieb. An intermediate plant betwen A. Atlánticum
Savranic Adyseton. Fl. May, June. Shrub : foot.
and A. alpestre.
9 A. OBTUSIFÒLIUM (Steven. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 305.) Marschall-Bieberstein's Adyseton. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1817.
stems suffruticose at the base, pubescent with stellate down ;
Pl. 1 foot.
leaves obovate-spatulate, blunt, silvery on the under surface ; 18 A. LENE’NSE (Adams, mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 110.)
pods ovate-orbicular, rather velvety; seeds not margined. n. stems somewhat herbaceous, diffuse, and are as well as the im-
H. Native of southern Tauria, and in Siberia. Deless. icon. bricated lanceolate leaves grey or hoary ; racemes simple, short;
sel. 2. t. 38. A. murale, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 103. but not of Kit. pods ovate, emarginate, pubescent. 21. H. Native of Siberia
Blunt-leaved Adyseton. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1812. Pl. a foot. on the banks of the river Lena, about Yachutzk. A. imbrica-
10 A. ATLA'NTICUM (Desf. atl. 2. p. 71. t. 149.) stems suffru- tum, Schlecht. in herb. Willd. Petals obovate, emarginate.
ticose at the base, hoary, erect; leaves lanceolate, hoary and Lena Adyseton. Pl. ž foot.
I
pilose ; racemes simple; pods orbicular, hoary; valves rather 19 A. LANI'GERUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 308.) stems suffruticose
convex in the middle. h. H. Native of Crete on rocks, and at the base, tufted, and are as well as obovate leaves woolly ;
on the top of Mount Atlas, near Tlemsen.
racemes corymbose ; pods elliptical, velvety, nearly equal in
;
Atlantic Adyseton. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. į to 1 foot. length with the style. h.H. Native of Persia between Ker-
I
11 A. SERPYLLIFÒLIUM (Desf. atl. 2. p. 70.) stems suffruti- mancha and Amadan. Flowers small; petals obovate.
cose, erect, hoary; leaves hoary, lower ones obovate, upper ones Wool-bearing Adyseton. Pl. } foot.
lanceolate; racemes corymbose ; pods obovately-cuneated, hoary, 20 A. MONTA'NUM (Lin. spec. 907.) stems rather herbaceous,
with flat valves. ħ. H. Native of Algiers, near Tlemsen; also diffuse, pubescent ; leaves somewhat hoary, lower ones obovate,
in Spain about Aranjuez,
upper ones oblong ; racemes simple ; pods orbicular and some-
Wild-thyme-leaved Adyseton. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. what emarginate, grey.
Native nearly throughout
1 to 1 foot.
all Europe on hills and low mountains in calcareous situations
12 A. Re'pens (Baumg. fl. trans. 2. p. 237.) stems suffruti- exposed to the sun. Jacq. vind. 358. Curt. bot. mag. t. 419.
cose at the base, younger ones decumbent, adult ones erect; Jacq. fl
. aust. t. 37. Clypeola montàna, Crantz. austr. 19. Petals
leaves rather pilose, lower ones oblong-obovate, narrowed into twice the length of the calyx.
the petiole ; upper ones oblong ;. pedicels hispid; style rather Var. B, albéscens (Schlecht. in herb. Willd.) A. montànum,
hairy, longer than the 2-ovulate ovary. ħ. H. Native of Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 104. Plant larger and flowers smaller.
Transylvania on calcareous rocks. Root creeping.
Root creeping. Pods orbi- Var. Y, arenàrium (Lois. fl. gall. p. 401.) leaves rounder.
cular, 1-seeded.
Mountain Adyseton. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1713. Pl. ft.
Creeping-rooted Adyseton. Fl. April, June. Pl. I foot. 21. A. CUNEIFO'LIUM (Ten. fl. nap. prod. p. 37. app. cat. neap.
13 A. VERNA'LE (Horn. ex Schrank, hort. mon. t. 96.) stems 1815. p. 58.) stems somewhat herbaceous, diffuse ; pubescent ;
ascendant ; leaves lanceolate, narrowed downwards, almost en- leaves rather hoary, obovately-cuneated ; corymbs simple ; pods
tire, greyish from stellate down; petals emarginate; pods in- ovate, somewhat emarginate, nearly equal in length with the
flated, covered with stellate hairs. 2. H. Very near to A. style. 2. H. Native of Abruzzo in Naples, on the tops of
rèpens, but the pods are said to be inflated.
the mountains. Easily confounded with A. montànum.
Vernal Adyseton. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 to } ft. Wedge-leaved Adyseton. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft.
14 A. TORTUOSUM (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 94. t. 91.) 22 A. DIFFU'SUM (Ten. app. hort. neap. 1815. p. 58.) stems
p
stem suffruticulose at the base, twisted, diffuse, hoary; leaves somewhat herbaceous, diffuse, grey ; leaves hoary, lower ones
hoary, somewhat lanceolate ; racemes corymbose ; pods ellip- somewhat obovate, the rest linear-lanceolate, narrowed at both
tical, greyish-velvety, with flat valves. h. H. Native of Hun- ends; racemes simple ; pods ovate, somewhat emarginate, nearly
gary on very dry sandy declivities of hills, also in Transylvania equal in length with the style. 4. H. Native of Naples with
and southern Podolia.
the preceding. Very like the preceding.
Var. B, orientale (D. C. syst. 2. p. 306.) stems more shrubby Diffuse Adyseton. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl. 1 foot.
at the base, and the leaves more hoary. Native of Armenia and 23 A. WULFENIA'NUM (Willd. enum. suppl. 44.) stems some-
on calcareous hills in Tauria and Iberia about Tanaim. A. what herbaceous, diffuse, grey; leaves dotted, grey, narrowed at
subalpinum, Pall. ined. A. serpyllifòlium, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. the base, lower ones obovate, upper ones lanceolate ; racemes
103. suppl. 432.
simple ; pods elliptical, somewhat emarginate, twice the length
Twisted-stemmed Adyseton. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1804. Pl. 3 ft. of the style. 2. H. Native of Carinthia on mountains. Differs
.
4. H.
1

CRUCIFERÆ. XXV. Adyseton. XXVI. ALYSSUM.
179
p. 601.
from A. montànum, to which species it is nearly allied in the pods a hand-glass, or by dividing the plants at the roots as well as
being elliptical, not orbicular.
by seed. A dry light soil suits them best.
Wulfen's Adyseton. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1821. Pl.
Pl. foot.
24 A. SIBIÓRICUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 465.) stems herbaceous,
ascendant, branched at the top, corymbose ; leaves and pods
XXVI. ALY'SSUM (from a, priv. and Avooa, lyssa, rage ;
obovate, blunt, dotted with stellate hairs ; style 3-times shorter
the Alyssum passed among the ancients as a plant possessed of
than the pod. 2. H. Native of Siberia. Flowers small.
properties of allaying anger). R. Br. in app. to Denh. and
Siberian Adyseton. Pl. 4 foot.
1
Clapp. trav. p. 6. Alyssum spec. Lin. D. C. syst. 2. p. 301.
25 A. FISCHERIA'NUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 311.) stems herba-
prod. 1. p. 162.
ceous, ascendant, and are as well as the leaves grey, lower leaves LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle roundish, with
obovate, upper ones oblong ; racemes simple; pods orbicular, the valves convex in the disk, retuse at the apex ; cells 2-seeded.
hoary, twice the length of the style. 4.H. Native of Siberia Seeds girded by a membranous wing. Funicle adhering to the
about Nerschtinsky-savod. Petals double the length of the calyx. dissepiment, permanent. Petals emarginate. Stamens all or
Fischer's Adyseton. Pl. 1 foot.
some of them toothed. Annual branched herbs, grey from stel-
26 A. GNAPHALO'DES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 311.) stems suffruti- late down. Racemes terminal. Flowers small, yellow.
cose, dwarf; leaves elliptical, covered with velvety down, those 1 A. UMBELLA'TUM (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 173. and 184.)
of the branches linear; racemes simple ; calyx closed, longer stem diffuse, leaves linear, rather hairy ; racemes somewhat um-
than the pedicel; pods elliptical, velvety, twice the length of the bellate ; pods elliptical, pilose with stellate hairs. O. H. Na-
style. h. H. Native of Persia on Mount Elwend. Petals tive of Tauria in gravelly places. A. brachystachyum, Bieb.
obovate, with filiform claws.
suppl. 434. Flowers small, sulphur-coloured.
Woolly Adyseton. Fl. May, Oct. Pl. foot.
1 / 2
Ümbellate-racemed Madwort. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 ft.
27 A. PETALO'Des (D. C. syst. 2. p. 312.) stems suffruticose, 2 A. ROSTRA'TUM (Stev. mem. acad. petersb. 3. p. 295. t. 15.
erectish, hairy ; leaves oblong, narrowed at the base, hairy, lower f. 1.) stem erect; floriferous branches panicled ; leaves lanceo-
ones toothed; racemes simple ; calyx closed, longer than the late, rather hairy; pods orbicularly-elliptical, pilose, grey,
pedicel; pods ovate, with a velvety margin. h.H. Native of hardly longer than the style, disposed in long racemes.
O. H.
Syria. Claws of petals longer than the calyx.
Native of Bessarabia, on the edges of fields about Bender ; on the
Long-clawed-petalled Adyseton. Fl. May, Aug. Pl. a foot. calcareous rocks at the river Tyra; about Odessa, and in the
mountains of Tauria. Petals spatulate, dark yellow, twice the
Sect. II. ODONTOSTE'MON (from odovş odovtos, odous odontos, a length of the calyx.
tooth ; ornuwv, stemon, a stamen ; each large stamen furnished Var. B, A. vernàle ; Kit. from Horn. hort. hafn.
with one tooth). Flowers white. Larger stamens furnished with leaves linear, about a line in breadth.
a tooth. Stems herbaceous. This section may probably form a
Beaked Madwort. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 to 1 ft.
distinct
genus.
3 A. MICROPE'TALUM (Fisch. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 313.) stem
28 A. HYPERBOʻREUM (Lin. spec. 910.) stems herbaceous, erect; leaves lanceolate, hairy; pods hairy, orbicular, twice as
tufted ; leaves elliptical, grossly and acutely toothed, rather long as the style, disposed in long racemes. O. H. Native of
hairy; pods elliptical. 4. H. Native of the western coast of Iberia near Tiflis. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 39. A. parviflora,
North America among rocks.
rocks. Dràba hyperbòrea, Desv. journ. Bieb. suppl. p. 434.
bot. 3. p. 172 Krasch. nov. comm. acad. Petrop. 1. ann. Var. B, procúmbens (Bieb. I. c.) stems diffuse, procumbent,
1750. p. 388. t. 15. f. 1. A tufted, somewhat glaucous plant
and much smaller.
with the habit of Neurolòma arabiflòrum. Petals white, with Small-petalled Madwort. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl.4 to ft.
yellow claws. Seed kidney-shaped, margined, 3 in each cell. 4 A. HIRSU'TUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 106.) stem erect; leaves
Northern Adyseton. Fl. April, May. Pl. 2 inches.
lanceolate, hairy; pods orbicular, tuberculately-hairy, thrice as
long as the style, disposed in long racemes. O. H. Native of
† Species not sufficiently known.
Tauria and Iberia in dry fields. A. Dràba, Willd. enum. p. 672.
.
23 A. OBCORDA'TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 324.) leaves linear- Very like A. campestre. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 40.
lanceolate, toothed, woolly-pubescent ; pods smooth, roundish- Hairy Madwort. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 to foot.
i å .
obcordate. Native ? Aurinia obcordàta, Desv. journ. 3. p.
162. 5 A. CAMPE'STRE (Lin. spec. 309.) stems diffuse ; leaves lance-
& 174. Seeds girded with a broad membrane, only one in late or somewhat linear, hairy; pods orbicular, tubercularly-hairy,
each cell.
six times longer than the style, disposed in long racemes.
Obcordate-podded Adyseton. Pl. , foot.
-
O. H. Native of Spain, Tauria, south of France, Vallais, Italy,
30 A. DENTATUM (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. t. 63.) radical leaves Transylvania, Greece, &c. in sandy fields. Smith, fl. græc. t.
&c.
somewhat runcinately-toothed; cauline ones linear-lanceolate ; 626. fl
Moe’nchia campestris, Roth. Al. germ. 1. p. 274.
274. Petals
pods elliptical, pubescent. 2. H. Native of Virginia near longer than the calyx, somewhat emarginate.
Harper's Ferry, on declivities of slate rocks.
on declivities of slate rocks. Draba arabisans, Var. f, simplex (Rud. in Schrad. journ. 2. p. 291.).
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 434. but not of Mich. Flowers Field Madwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1768. Pl. to ft.
unknown.
. 6 A. CALYCI'N UM (Lin. spec. 908.) stems diffuse ; leaves linear-
Toothed-leaved Adyseton. Pl.?
lanceolate, canescent; calyx permanent ; pods orbicular, some-
31 A.? DUBIUM (Bory. ann. sc. phys. 3. p. 4.) stem shrubby, what emarginate, downy, 4-times as long as the style.
O. H.
branched ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, downy ; pods ovate, acute,
Native in dry fields both in South and middle Europe. Jacq. vind.
1-seeded. h.H. Native of Spain among the rocks of Sierra 114. fl. austr. t. 338. A. alyssoides, Gouan. hort. 321. A. cam-
Nevada. A. purpureum, Lag. ann. 5. p. 275.
péstre, Hoffm. germ. 4. p. 43.
43. Schkuhr. handb. 2. t. 181.
Doubtful Adyseton. Pl. 2 or 4 inches.
Petals, when old, whitish.
Cult. The whole of the species of Adyseton are very proper
Large-calyxed Madwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1740. Pl. į ft.
for ornamenting rock-work, or the front of flower-borders. Some 7 A. MINUTUM (Schlecht. in herb. Willd. from Steven. D. C.
of the rarer species may be kept in pots, and placed among other syst. 2. p. 316.) stems erectish, somewhat hispid; radical leaves
alpine plants. They may be increased by cuttings, planted under oval, stalked, cauline ones oblong-linear ; calyx pilose, slowly
,
AA 2

180
CRUCIFERÆ. XXVI. Alyssum. XXVII. ANODONTEA.
.
-
deciduous ; pods ovate-orbicular, smooth. O. H. Native of bíricum, Trev. in ges. nat. fr. berl. mag. 1816. p. 151. t. 2. f. 14.
.
Siberia on rocks. Flowers small; petals almost linear.
et 17. but not of Willd. Flowers small, yellowish.
Minute Madwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1827. Pl. 1 inch. Thick-podded Anodontea. Fl. Jul. Cit. 1820. Pl. I to į ft.
8 A. MI'NIMUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 464. exclusive of Lin. syn.)
stems diffuse ; leaves linear-lanceolate, hoary; pods orbicular, Sect. II. LOBULA'RIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 318. prod. 1. p.
emarginate smooth. O. H. Native in dry sandy fields and on 164.)
164.) Flowers white. Seeds usually solitary in the cells.
hills about Vienna, also of Podolia, and Tauria, &c. Tratt. Stems fruticulose, at least at the base.
thes. p. 8. t. 35. Very like A. calycinum, but the calyx is 3 A. RUPESTRIS (Tenore, fl. nap. t. 60.) stem suffruticose at
deciduous.
the base, rather erect; radical leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute,
Smallest Madwort. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1791. Pl. to 1 ft. silvery, cauline ones few, linear ; pods obovate, flocculose, mu-
9 A. GLOMERA'TUM (Burch. cat. geog. pl. afri. austr. extratrop. cronated with a short style. hi H. Native of the south of
h.
no. 1204.) stems ascendant; leaves lanceolate, blunt, villous; Italy on rocks. Flowers larger than those of Koniga marítima.
racemes crowded; calyx permanent; pods orbicular, smooth. Rock Anodontea. Fl. May, Sept.
Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1824. Pl. foot.
O.H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope in Rogeweld, near 4 A. ARENA'RIA (Presl. ex. Spreng. syst. app. p. 239. under
Riet river. Petals oblong, a little longer than the calyx.
Alyssum.) stem suffruticose, procumbent; leaves linear-lanceolate,
Glomerate-racemed Madwort. Pl. 1 foot.
acute, rather hoary; silicles elliptical, somewhat inflated, rather
10 A. DENSIFLO'RUM (Desf. cor. Tourn. p. 65. t. 48.) leaves pilose, 1-seeded, mucronate by the short style. h. H. Native
narrow-lanceolate ; flowers crowded into dense cylindrical ra-
of Sicily.
cemes; pods orbicular, pubescent, 1-2-seeded. O. H. Native Sand Anodontea. Fl. June, July. Pl. procumbent.
of Armenia. Flowers small, white.
5 A. HALIMIFO'LIA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 460.) stems suffruti-
Dense-flowered Madwort. Pl. foot.
cose, ascendant; leaves oblong, blunt, narrowed at the base, covered
11 A. STRICTUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 464.) leaves linear-lan- with scaly hairs; pods orbicular, smooth, twice as long as the
ceolate, downy; flowers crowded into dense cylindrical racemes; style. h. H. Native of Italy, Piedmont, about Nice, &c. on
pods elliptical, downy. O. H. Native of Armenia. Differing rocky mountains exposed to the sun. Lunària halimifolia. All.
from A. densiflòrum, in the pods being elliptical and downy, not ped. no. 900. t. 54. f. 1.—Bocc. mus. 45. t. 39. Flowers like
orbicular, and pubescent.
those of A. spinòsum.
Upright Madwort. Pl. 1 foot.
Halimus-leaved Anodontea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1820. Pl. Z ft.
12 A. STRIGO'sum (Russ. in Schrad. journ. 1. p. 426.) stems 6 A. SPINO'SA (Lin. spec. 907.) stem shrubby, old branches
herbaceous, hispid with starry hairs ; leaves obovate, entire; and peduncles spiny ; leaves oblong-linear, silvery ; pods orbi-
calyx permanent. O. H. Native about Aleppo.
cular, smooth, terminated by the short style. h. F. Native of
Strigose-stemmed Madwort. Pl 1 foot.
Arragon and south of France on calcareous rocks exposed to the
13 A. FULVESCENS (Smith. prod. fl. græc. 2. p. 13.) stems
.
sun.-Barrel. icon. t. 808. Dràba spinosa, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 461.
ascendant; radical leaves stalked, obovate, grey, upper ones Flowers a little larger than those of Konīga marítima. Seeds 2
oblong; calyx permanent ; pods ovate-globose, smooth. Ο. Η. in each cell. A little tufted shrub.
Native of the Morea and in the islands of Cyprus and Scio. Spiny Anodontea. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683. Pl. į foot.
Petals obcordate, when dry brownish.
7 A. MACROCA'RPA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 321.) stem shrubby;
Brownish-petalled Madwort. Pl. 1 foot.
branched, somewhat spiny ; leaves oblong, blunt, silvery; pods
Cult. Inconspicuous annual plants, the seed of which will obovate-orbicular, somewhat emarginate, smooth, pointed with
grow under any circumstances and in any kind of soil.
the style, containing 8 ovula (f. 46. h.). H.H. Native of the south
of France, especially in the Cevennes, on calcareous rocks. Very
XXVII. ANODO'NTEA (from a, priv. odove odovtos, odous like A. spinosa halimifolia and A. Pyrenaica, but different.
odontos, a tooth ; stamens without teeth). D. C. syst. 2. p. 317. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 41. Seeds 2 in each cell.
prod. 1. p. 163. as a section of Alyssum.
Large-podded Anodontea. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1828. Pl. ft.
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle ovate, round-
LINSYST
8 A. Pyrenaica (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 371. suppl. 91.) stem
ish or obovate, somewhat inflated, with convex valves, crowned shrubby, branched, not spiny ; leaves obovate, narrowed at the
by the permanent style ; cells 1-2-seeded (f. 46. h.). Seeds girded base, hoary; pods elliptical, rather villous, pointed with the
by a membranous wing. Petals obovate, entire, or bifid. Stamensstyle. ħ. F. Native of the Eastern Pyrenees on rocks, parti-
all toothless. Annual herbs or sub-shrubs, hoary from stellate cularly on Mount Conat, about Font de Combs. A. halimifò-
down. Flowers yellow or white, racemose.
The authorities lium ß, D. C. fl. fr. 5.
given for the species are under Alyssum.
Pyrenean Anodontea. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. foot.
9° A. CANE'SCENS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 322.) stem shrubby, as-
Sect. I. VESICA'RIA (vesica, a bladder; inflated pods). cendant ; leaves oblong-linear, hoary; pods elliptical, velvety,
Flowers yellow. Silicles somewhat inflated. Species intermediate
.
crowned with the long style. ħ. F. Native of Siberia, Tauria,
between Adysèton and Vesicària. Annual or biennial plants. Kamtschatka, on rocky mountains.
1 A. EDE'NTULA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 95. t. 92.) stem Var, a, abbreviata (D. C. syst. I. c.) racemes short, corym-
.
erect ; leaves oblong, somewhat sinuated, velvety, upper ones bose. A. montànum and A. minùtum, Patrin. herb.
linear ; calyx spreading ; petals bifid ; pods ovate, smooth. S.H. Var. B, elongàta (D. C. syst. 1. c.) racemes more elongated.
Native of Bosnia on calcareous rocks. Vesicària edéntula, Poir. Leaves more hairy. A. Daŭricum. Schlecht. in herb. Willd.
dict. 8. p. 572. Petals twice as long as calyx, bifid at the top. Canescent Anodontea. Fl. April, Sept. Pl. 1 to ] foot.
Seeds 2 in each cell.
10 A. TENUIFO'LIA (Steph in Willd. spec. 3. p. 460.) stem
Toothless-stamened Anodontea. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl.1 ft. fruticulose, erect; leaves linear, acute, clothed with starry villi ;
2 A. DASYCA'RPA (Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 469.) stems pods oval, hairy, crowned by the style. ħ. F. Native of
.
erect ; leaves oblong, canescent; pedicels shorter than the calyx ; Siberia about Doroninsk. Petals obovate, blunt, spreading, with
pods nearly double the length of the style. 0. H. Native of filiform claws.
Šiberia at the rivers Kuma and Volga, at lake Inderkoi, and also Slender-leaved Anodontea. Pl. 1 to foot.
about Astracan. Vesicària dasycarpa, Poir. dict. 8. p. 571. A. Si-
Cult. The whole of the species of this genus are very proper
4
p. 594.
.
,

CRUCIFERÆ. XXVIII. Discovium. XXIX. MEniocus. XXX. CLYPEOLA. XXXI. PELTARIA.
181
p. 572.
for ornamenting rock-work or the front of flower-borders; they 1 C. IONTHLA'SPI (Lin. spec. 910.) stems diffuse, or ascend-
are all very easily increased by seeds, which ripen in abundance. ant. O. H. Native of Spain; south of France ; Avergne;
The shrubby kinds are also easily increased by dividing the Lower Vallais ; Italy ; Sicily; Arcadia ; Iberia, near Tiflis; and
plants at the root or by cuttings planted under a hand-glass, in Persia, near Lenckeran, &c. &c. : growing on walls and in
which root readily. The annual sorts should be sown in the open sandy places; also on gypsaceous and calcareous sterile hills.
border or on rock-work.
Cav. icon. 1. p. 22. t. 32. f. 2. Boiss. il. europ. t. 455. Desv.
journ. bot. 3. p. 161. t. 25. f. 7. Lam. ill. t. 560. f. 1. Fos-
XXVIII. DISCO VIUM (from diokos, discos, a disk; valves selìnia ionthláspi, All. ped. no. 901. Clypèola monosperma,
of pods keeled, in the disk ?) Rafin. in journ. phyt. vol. 89. anno. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 462 and 484. Alyssum ionthláspi, Clairv. herb.
1819. p. 96. D. C. prod. 1. p. 236.
.
val. 216. Flowers small, yellow. Ovary 1-seeded.
LIN. SYST.
Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle lenticular with Flat-seeded Violet, or Common Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May,
an entire dissepiment and keeled valves; cells many-seeded. Jul. Clt. 1710. Pl. 2 or 3 inches.
Style permanent, crowned by a blunt stigma. Calyx closed.
An annual, erect, simple slender herb, with distant sessile, ob-
Sect. II. O'rium (from ora, a brim or margin ; silicles
long, obtuse, entire leaves. Petals yellow, entire, wedge-shaped,
toothed on the margins.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 327. prod. 1. p.
about equal in length with the calyx. An intermediate genus
165. Silicles with toothed margins, and clothed with long, soft
between Alýssum and Thláspi.
hairs.
1 D. Ohiote'nse (Rafin. 1. c.) O. H. Native of North
.
2 C. ERIÓphora (Cav. from Lag. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p.
America, on the banks of the Ohio.
327.) stem erect, almost simple ; calyx permanent. O. H. Na-
Ohio Discovium. Pl. 1 foot.
Cult
. An inconspicuous annual plant, the seed of which only journ. bot. 3. p. 162. t. 25. f. 10. Alyssum eriophorum, Pourr.
tive of Spain, on hills, at Aranjuez. O'rium lanuginosum, Desv.
,
t
require to be sown in the open border.
in Willd. enum. 2. p. 671. Vesicària lanuginosa, Poir. dict. 8.
XXIX. MENIO'CUS (from unun, mene, the moon, and
Flowers small, when dry, whitish. Petals spreading,
permanent, hardly longer than the calyx.
OKKOS, okkos, an eye; shape of seeds ?) Desv. journ. bot. 3. p.
173.
Wool-bearing-Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820.
D. C. syst. 2. p. 325. prod. 1. p. 165.
Pl. į foot.
LIN. SYST. Tetradamamia, Siliculosa. Silicle sessile, ellip-
tical, with flat valves. Seeds not margined, 6 or 8 in each cell.
Calyx at the base equal. Petals entire. Larger stamens toothed.
Sect. III. BERGERE'TIA (John Pyramus Bergeret, who wrote
An annual herb, but nevertheless it is frutescent at the base ;
a Flora of the Pyrenees.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 328. prod. 1. p. 165.
much branched, erect, greyish-velvety from stellate short hairs. Silicles with toothed margins, and echinated disks.
Leaves linear, entire. Racemes terminal ; pedicels filiform,
3 C. ECHINA'TA (D. Č. syst. 2. p. 328.) stem erect; calyx
bractless. Flowers small, white. This genus is hardly distinct
deciduous. O. H. Native of the Levant. Clypeola lasio-
from Adysèton, unless that there are never fewer than 6 seeds in cárpa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 193. Bergerètia echinàta, Desv. journ.
. . ,
each cell, not 2 or 4 as in that genus, and with smooth silicles. bot. 3. p. 161. t. 25. f. 9. Flowers small, yellow. Pods 1-
1 M. LINIFÒLIUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 325.) leaves linear, blunt-
seeded.
ish, quite entire. O. H. Native about Astracan among rub-
Var. B, ramosíssima (D. C. 1. c.) stem much branched ; leaves
bish, and in cultivated land; in Tauria and Caucasus, near Ta- oblong, covered with short stellate hairs.
naim ; in Syria, between Aleppo and Mossul ; in Podolia and Echinated-podded Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, Jul. Pl. I foot.
Illyria; in Spain, in the province of Valentia, in several Cult. These are pretty little curious annual plants; well
places, &c. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 42. Alyssum linifolium, adapted for rock-work, or the front of flower borders. They
Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 467. A. mínimum, Pall
. itin. 3. p. 741. only require to be sown where they are intended to remain.
.
Meniòcus serpyllifòlius, Desv. l. c. A. Dràba, Bieb. from Desv.
journ. I. c. A. Illyricum, Willd. enum. suppl. p. 44. A. lineari- XXXI. PELTA'RIA (from melon, pelte, a small buckler
fòlium, Lag. elench. hort, madr. 1815. p. 9. Farsètia linifolia,
,
.
in allusion to the form of the silicles.) Lin. gen. no. 1083. Gært.
Andrz. cruc. ined. Petals white, a little longer than the calyx. fruct. 2. p. 383. t. 141. Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 161. t. 24.
Flax-leaved Meniocus. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. 7 to f
ft. D. C. syst. 2. p. 328. prod. 1. p. 166. Bohátschia, Crantz,
Cult. This little annual will answer well for rock-work, aust. p. 5. t. 1. f. 1.
where the seeds should be sown.
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle orbicular, 1-
celled, 1-(f 46.i.) 4-seeded, with flat valves. Calyx equal at the
XXX. CLYPE'OLA (from clypeus, a buckler ; in allusion base. Petals entire. Stamens toothless. Seeds pendulous, and
to the form of the silicles.) Gært. fruct. 2. p. 283. t. 141. f. 6. often solitary from abortion. Smooth, erect, perennial herbs, with
D. C. syst. 2. p. 326. prod. 1. p. 165. Clypèola spec. Lin. and stalked, ovate, entire, radical leaves, and sessile sagittate stem-
Juss.
clasping, cauline ones. Racemes many, almost disposed in co-
LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle orbicular, 1- rymbs; pedicels bractless, filiform, erect, at the time of flower-
celled, 1-seeded, witń flat valves. Calyx equal at the base. ing, and when in fruit spreading or somewhat recurved. Flowers
Petals entire. Stamens toothed. Seeds compressed. Small small, white.
annual herbs with the habit of Alyssum and Biscutélla, erect or 1 P. ALLIA'CEA (Lin. spec. 910.) stem-leaves sagittate, stem-
diffuse, greyish from short stellate hairs. Leaves oblong- clasping ; pods flat, smooth. 2. H. Native of Austria, Croa-
linear, entire.
Racemes terminal, erect; pedicels filiform, short, tia, Transylvania, and Piedmont about Fenestrelles, &c. in
bractless. Flowers small, yellow, or when old, whitish.
shady
places. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 123. Boiss. fl. eur. t. 446.
Clypeola alliàcea, Lam. dict. 2. p. 55. Clypeola perénnis, Ard.
Sect. I. IonthLA'SPI (from lov, ion, a violet, and Olaw, spec. 26. t. 6. The whole plant when bruised smells strongly of
thlao, to compress; that is to say, flat-seeded violet.) D. C. syst. garlic.
2. p. 326. prod. 1. p. 165.
165. Silicles with ciliated margins, and Garlic-scented Peltaria. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1601. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
smooth or pubescent disks.
2 P. ANGUSTIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 329.) lower stem-leaves
3
3
a

182
CRUCIFERÆ. XXXII. PETROCALLIS. XXXIII. DRABA.
-
the sun.
stalked, upper ones linear; pods flat, short. 4. H. Native abundantly, in inaccessible spots. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 192. Smith,
about Damascus, on a mountain called Dgebel-cher. Pods eng. bot. t. 1271, Dràba alpina, Crantz, aust. 1. p. 13. Alys-
ovate-orbicular, compressed, 2-ovulate, 1-seeded from abortion. sum ciliàtum, Lam. A. fr. 2. p. 479. Drába montàna, Berg.
fl
Narrow-leaved Peltaria. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 foot.
phyt. univ. icon. Moenchia aizoides, Roth. germ. I. p. 273. .
.
3 P. GLASTIFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 330.) cauline leaves sa- Var. B, minor (D. C. syst. 2. p. 333.) distinguished by its
gittate, stem-clasping ; pods flattish, rather rough, leathery. 1- smaller stature, very short leaves, and smooth pods. Dràba
seeded (f. 46. i.). O.? H. Native of Syria, between Aleppo and ciliàris, D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 697.
p
.
Mossul.
Var. y, diffusa (D. C. 1. c.) stems elongated, diffuse. Draba
Woad-leaved Peltaria. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot. ciliàris, Lin. mant. 91.–Ger. gallopr. p. 344. t. 13. f. 1.
Cult. The species of this genus will thrive well in any com- Aizoon-like or Sea-Green Whitlow-Grass. Fl. March, April.
mon garden soil; they are readily increased by seeds.
Wales. Pl. 2 or 3 inches.
2 D. BRACHYSTE'MON (D. C. syst. 2. p. 334.) scapes naked,
.
XXXII. PETROCA’LLIS (from tepov, petron, a rock, and smooth ; leaves elongated, linear, keeled, ciliated ; stamens hardly
kalos, kalos, beautiful; in allusion to the plant growing on the equal in length with the calyx. 4. H. Native of......?
rocks, which it enlivens with the beautiful tufts of rose-coloured Drába aizoides, Curt. bot. mag. t. 170.—Mill. icon. 1 p.
14. t.
blossoms.) R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 93. D. C. syst. 20. f. 2. Dràba ciliàris, Lin. mant. p. 91 ?
2. p. 330. prod. 1. p.
166.
Short-stamened Whitlow-Grass. Fl. March, April. Clt. ?
LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle sessile, oval,
SYST
Pl. 2 or 3 inches.
with flattish valves. Seeds not margined, 2 in each cell. Funi- 3 D. AIZÒON (Wahlenb. fl. carp. p. 193. in a note.) scapes
cles adhering to the dissepiment. Cotyledons oval, obliquely naked, smooth ; leaves linear, acutish, keeled, stiff, ciliated ; style
accumbent. A small ever-green, branched, tufted herb. Leaves as broad as the hairy pod, but one half shorter. 4. H. Native
cuneated at the base, but cleft at the apex into 3-5 divisions. of Bavaria, Austria, Hungary, Transylvania, and Carpathian
Racemes short, somewhat corymbose, few-flowered, bractless. mountains, particularly on Mount Chocsz; on rocks on the lower
Flowers rose-coloured. Plant having the appearance of a spe- mountains. Dràba ciliàris, Schrank. bav. 2. p. 177. Pods the
cies of Saxifraga when not in flower.
length of pedicels, always hispid with short hairs.
1 P. PYRENA'ICA (R. Br. l. c.) 2. H. Native of the Pyre- Aizoon or Evergreen Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. Clt.
nees, Provence, Piedmont, Switzerland, Austria, Transylvania, 1819. Pl. foot.
Carniola, and many other parts of the south of Europe, on 4 D. CUSPIDA’TA (Bieb. suppl. 424.) scapes naked, villous;
rocks, between stones, in places exposed to the sun at the height leaves linear, acutish, keeled, ciliated; pods lanceolate, hispid, a
of 2100 and 4100 feet. Lod. bot. cat. t. 635. Sweet, brit. fl. little longer than the style. 4. H. Native of Tauria, Apen-
gard. icon. Dràba Pyrenaica, Lin. spec. 896. Jacq. A. aust. t. nines, Spain, &c. on mountains, on rocks in places exposed to
228. Curt. bot. mag. t. 713. Flowers elegant rose-coloured.
Drába aizoides, Pall. ined taur. Bieb. fl. taur, 2. p.
Leaves cuneate, 3 or 5, cleft at top.
92. but not of Lin. Drába áspera, Bertol. amoen. ital. p.
92.
Pyrenean Petrocallis. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. Pl. I foot. but not of Adams. D. alpina, Cav.
Cult. This pretty little plant is well adapted for ornamenting Pointed-leaved Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821.
rock-work, or it may be grown in little pots, in a mixture of Pl. foot.
peat, loam, and sand, and placed among other alpine plants. It 5 D. RIGIDA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 423.) scape naked, smooth,
p
,
is easily increased by seeds, or dividing the plant at the root. leaves oblong, stiff, blunt, keeled, sparingly. ciliated, older ones
reflexed; petals length of calyx ; style not equalling the breadth
XXXIII. DRA'BA (from Spaßn, drabe, acrid, biting, ac- of the smooth pod. 4.H. Native of Iberia, on rocks. Petals
cording to Linnæus ; taste of leaves. It is to be suspected that the roundish, nearly the length of the calyx.
name Dràba was not originally given to this genus.) D. C. syst. Rigid-leaved Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. Pl.
foot.
2. p. 331. prod. 1. p. 166. Draba, spec. Lin. Juss. R. Br. 6 D. BRYOÌDES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 335.) scapes naked, smooth;
(
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle sessile, oval
SYST
leaves oblong, small, keeled, sparingly ciliated, much crowded ;
or oblong (f. 46.j.), with flat or convex valves (f. 46. j.). Seeds petals and stamens twice the length of the calyx ; style hardly
many, not margined (f. 46. j.). Calyx equal at the base. equalling the breadth of the smooth pod. 2. H. Native of
4.
Petals entire. Stamens all toothless. Perennial or annual Caucasus and Iberia, in alpine, rocky situations. Drába rígida,
branched herbs, which are sometimes tufted, sometimes elongated, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 93. suppl. 426. Dràba cæspitòsa, Hoffm.
smooth or pilose, or usually velvety from soft branched hairs. hort, mosc. 1808. no. 1225. not of Willd. Petals oblong, twice
The leaves are either linear, oblong or ovate, entire or toothed. the length of the calyx. Plant emulating Saxifraga bryożdes.
Racemes terminal ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow Green-Moss-like Whitlow-Grass. Fl. March, May.
Clt.
or white.
1821. Pl. 2 inches.
7 D. OLY'MPICA (Sibth. in herb. Banks. D. C.
Banks. D. C. syst. 2. p.
Sect. I. Aizòpsis (from aɛl, aei, always, Swos, zoos, alive, 336.) scapes naked, velvety ; leaves linear, keeled, much crowd-
and oils, opsis, resemblance ; plants always green, like D. Aizoon.) ed, ciliated; pods ovate, hoary-villous ; style very short. 4. H.
D. C. syst. 2. p. 332. prod. 1. p. 166. Little evergreen, tufted, Native on Mount Olympus. Dràba Aizoides, Smith, prod. fl.
perennial plants with naked scapes, and ciliated stiff leaves. græc. 2. p. 4. but not of Lin. Pods ovate, scarcely compressed.
p
Flowers yellow, with filiform styles, which vary in length. (A Olympus Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. Pl. 2 or 3 inches.
proper genus, according to Andrz. in litt.)
8 D. BRUNIÆFÒLIA (Stev. in mem. sc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 268.)
1 D. Aizodes (Lin. mant. 91.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves
.
scapes naked, pubescent; leaves linear, somewhat keeled, cili-
lanceolate-linear, keeled, ciliated; stamens about the length of ated, acute, loosely rosulate ; petals twice the length of the calyx
the petals; style almost as broad as the pod. 4. H. Native and stamens ; pods oval, pubescent; style very short. 4. H.
on walls, rocks, and gravelly places of mountains, in France, Native of Eastern Caucasus, on Mount Schahdagh. Petals twice
Germany, Switzerland, North of Italy, Carpathian Mountains, the length of the calyx. Plant loosely tufted.
Transylvania, and Britain in South Wales ; near Whormshead, 16 Brunia-leaved Whitlow-Grass. Fl. Jun. Clt. 1825. Pl. 1 ft.
miles west of Swansea; about Pennard Castle, near Swansea, 9 D. ERICÆFÒLIA (Stev. mem. sc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 268.) scapes

CRUCIFERÆ. XXXIII. DRABA.
183
4. H.
4.
4
4. H.
2. p.
naked, smooth ; leaves linear, somewhat keeled, ciliated ? acute, 16 D. RE'PENS (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 93. exclusive of the
loosely rosulate; petals twice the length of the calyx and sta- synonyms of Gmelin. suppl. p. 427.) scapes naked, smoothish;
mens; pods oblong-elliptical, smooth ; style very short.
leaves lanceolate, entire, pilose with 2-parted appressed hairs;
Native of Caucasus, on Mount Schadagh, among stones near the runners creeping ; pods oblong, smooth. 4. H. Native of
limits of snow. Very like D. bruniæfölia.
Iberia in meadows, between the towns Kasbeck and Koby, also
Heath-leaved Whitlow-Grass. Fl. June. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 on the Caucasian Alps. Petals obovate, blunt, twice the length
foot.
of the smooth calyx.
10 D. PILÒSA (Adams, from Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. Creeping Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1825. Pl. a foot.
337.) scape naked, smooth, 2 or 3-flowered ; leaves linear, 17 D. GMELI'NI (Adams in mem. soc. nat. mosq. 5. p. 107.)
p
keeled, loosely rosulate, ciliated; calyx pilose ; petals twice the scapes naked, somewhat hispid ; leaves lanceolate, hispid, pilose
length of the calyx and stamens ; pods roundish-ovate, smooth. with stellate hairs ; runners not creeping ; pods oblong, smooth.
2. H. Native of the north of Siberia, at the river Lena. 4. H. Native of Siberia, from the river Yenessei to the eastern
Pilose-calyxed Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. sea even to the banks of the river Lena about Shigansk; also
Pl. foot.
on the Ural mountains.-Gmel. sib. 3. p. 255. t. 56. This spe-
11 D. A'SPERA (Adams, from Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. cies is very like D. repens, and is sometimes confused with it.
p. 337.) scapes naked, smooth ; leaves linear, keeled, stiff, cili- Var. B, porrecta (Trin.) runners very long, but not rooting.
ated; calyx smooth; stamens hardly the length of the calyx ; Var. y, cespitosa (Willd. herb.) runners shorter, but the
pods oblong; style very short.
short. 4. H. Native of the most scapes are longer.
northern part of Siberia, at the mouth of the river Lena. Habit Gmelin's Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Pl.
of D. aizoides.
foot.
Rough-leaved Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Pl. 2 inches. 18 D. TRIDENTA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 339.) scapes naked,
12 D. SAUTE'RI (Hopp. ex. Spreng. syst. app. 240.) leaves smooth ; leaves obovate, narrowed at the base into the petiole,
spatulate, stiff, ciliated ; scape smooth; stamens shorter than the 3-toothed at the apex, hairy; pods oblong, smooth.
corolla ; silicle ovate, smooth, crowned by the short style. 4.H. Native of the Alps of Caucasus. D. hispida, Bieb. fl. taur. 2.
Native of Switzerland on the Alps.
p. 94. exclusive of the synonyms, suppl. p. 428. About the
Sauter's Whitlow-Grass. Pl. 1 foot.
height of D. rèpens, but it is destitute of runners. Differing
from D. hispida by its larger stature and flowers, and longer pods.
Sect. II. CHRYSODRA'BA (from xovoos, chrysos, gold, and Three-toothed-leaved Whitlow-Grass. Pl. 4 foot.
.
Drába ; that is to say golden Drabas ; flowers yellow.) D. C. syst. 19 D. HÍSPIDA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 426.) scapes naked; leaves
337. prod. 1. p. 167. Small perennial tufted plants with obovate, somewhat toothed, hispid from bifid hairs; pods oval.
the leaves neither stiff nor keeled. Flowers yellow, with scarcely 2. H. Native of Cappadocia. Petals yellow, twice the length
any, or very short styles. Silicles oval-oblong,
of the calyx. Style very short. Plant with the habit of Eró-
13 D. A’LGIDA (Adams, from Fisch. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. phila vérna.
337.) scapes naked, pilose ; leaves oblong, flat, and are pilose Hispid Whitlow-Grass. Pl. 2 inches.
with simple hairs, as well as calyxes ; pods oblong; style very
20 D. INCO’MPTA (Stev. in mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 268.) scapes
short; stigma 2-lobed. 2. H. Native of the north of Siberia; velvety, 3-times longer than the leaves ; leaves oblong, greyish-
on the shores of the Icy-Sea towards the mouth of the river velvety from starry-hairs ; pedicels shorter than the flowers.
Lena, and the Bay of St. Laurence. Habit of Dràba alpina, but 4. H. Native of the Eastern Caucasus on rocks on Mount Ty-
from it, as well as all the rest of the Chrysodrabas, it differs fendagh. Habit of Arètia Vitaliàna. Flowers yellow. Petals
in the hairs being simple, not branched; it is also sometimes twice the length of the velvety calyx. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 44.
smooth.
Undecked Whitlow-Grass. Fl. June. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 inches.
Var. ß, subcarinàta (D. C. syst. 1. c.) middle nerve of leaves 21 D. MOLLI'SSIMA (Stev. in mem.
rather prominent on the under surface.
soc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 268.) scapes
FIG. 49.
Var. Y, brachycarpa (D. C. 1. c.) pods ovate, shorter. smooth, naked, much longer than
Algid Whitlow-Grass. Pl. & foot.
the leaves; leaves imbricate, oblong,
14 D. ALPI'NA (Lin. spec. 896.exclusive of the synonyms.)scapes hoary-velvety with stellate hairs ;
naked, pubescent; leaves lanceolate, flat, pilose with branched pedicels longer than the flowers.
hairs ; pods oblong; style very short. 4. H. Native of Lap- 2.H. Native of Eastern Caucasus
land, on dry rocks in the Alps, and of Norway in the Alps about on Alp. Schadagh. Deless. icon. sel.
Dover ; also of North-America, in the Bay of St. Laurence, and 2. t. 45. Flowers yellow, about the
the island of St. Laurence. Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 173. no. 316. size of those of D. aizoides. (f. 49.)
t. 11. f. 4. Eder. fl. dan. t. 56. Flowers golden yellow, a
, Softest Whitlow-Grass. Fl. Ju.
little smaller than those of Dràba aizoides. The middle nerve of Pl. 1 to 2 inches.
the leaf in the American plant runs even to its apex, with one
22 D. JORULLE'NSIS (H. B. et
tooth on each side, which is not the case in the European plant. Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 78.)
Perhaps a distinct species.
stem leafy, villous; radical leaves
Alpine Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1816. Pl. 3 inch. oblong-elliptical, stalked, some-
15 D. GLACIA'LIS (Adams, mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 106.) what velvety; pods elliptical, pu-
scapes naked, covered with starry pubescence; leaves linear- bescent.
4. F. Native of Mexico
lanceolate, entire, hispid with stellate hairs; pods ovate, smooth; on the burning mount Jorullo. Petals obovate, hardly longer
stigma almost sessile. 4. H. Native of Siberia, at the shore than the calyx.
of the Icy Sea, at the promontory called Bykofskoy-mys, and at Jorullo Whitlow-Grass. Pl. to z foot.
the river Lena, not far from a place called Shigansk. Differing
23 D. TOLUCCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p.
from D. d'lgida, to which it is nearly allied, by the leaves being 78.) stems leafy, smoothish ; radical" leaves oblong, somewhat
narrower, pods ovate, and the calyx more villous.
hoary; pods elliptical, smooth. 24.F. Native of colder parts
Icy Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1825. Pl. 2 inches. of Mexico, particularly near the town of Tolucco at the height
-

184
CRUCIFERÆ. XXXIII. DRABA.
4
3
3
of 2140 feet. Very like D. Jorullénsis. Flowers unknown. Unalaschka. Leaves broader and more toothed. Sepals beset with
Pods elliptical, pointed by the short style. Trunk of root
, . Trunk of root simple and forked hairs towards the apex. Siliques 9-lines long.
woody.
Hairy Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, July. Cit. 1817. Pl. 1
Tolucco Whitlow-Grass. Pl. 1 foot.
.
to į and even foot.
30 D. RUPE'STRIS (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 91.)
Sect. III. LEUCODRA'BA (from levkos, leucos, white, and scapes puberulous, naked or bearing one leaf; leaves lanceolate,
Draba, that is to say, Draba with white flowers.) D. C. syst. 2. pilose, almost entire ; pods lanceolate, and are, as well as the
p. 342. prod. 1. p. 168. Small perennial tufted plants, with white pedicels, pubescent. 4. H. Native on rocks near the summit
flowers, and blunt or emarginate petals; leaves flaccid, not stiff. of Ben Lawers in Scotland, also on rocks in the mountains of
24 D. BOREA`LIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 342.) scape hairy, bearing Norway, North America, in the Bay of St. Lawrence, also in
1 ovate leaf, the rest of the leaves are oblong and narrowed at
the islands of Unalaschka and St. Lawrence. Drába hírta, Smith,
the base, entire, velvety with branched hairs; pods ovate. 4. fl. brit. 2. p. 677. engl. bot. t. 1338. but not of Lin. Dràba stel-
H. Native of the island of St. Paul. Petals white, oblong- làta, With. A. brit. 565. Pods lanceolate, hairy-pubescent with
cuneated, twice the length of the calyx.
very short simple or forked hairs, sometimes but very rarely
Northern Whitlow Grass. Pl. 4 foot.
smooth.
25 D. OBLONGA'TA (R. Br. in Ross's voy.append.) scapes naked, Rock Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Scotland. Pl. 2 or 3 in.
somewhat hairy with floccose down ; leaves rosulate, oblong-
31 D. NIVA'LIS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 427.) scapes naked or one
linear, entire, ciliated and velvety; pods oblong-elliptical, vel- leaved, smooth ; leaves oblong-linear, ciliated, and somewhat
vety. 4. H. Native of North America in the polar regions, pilose; pods elliptic-oblong, and are, as well as pedicels,
particularly at Baffin's Bay. Style very short.
smooth. 4. H. Native of Lapland, Norway, Switzerland,
Oblong-podded Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Savoy, and Dauphiny, in rocky places on the higher alps. D.
Pl. 1 foot.
stellàta, Oed. A. dan. t. 142. Pods elliptical-oblong, quite
26 D. CORYMBOSA (R. Br. in Ross's voy. append.) scapes
smooth.
naked, rather hispid ; leaves densely rosulate, oblong, narrowed Snow Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 or 2 in.
at the base, ciliated, and somewhat hispid ; pods elliptical, corym- 32 D. LAPPO'NICA (Willd. herb. from Stev. obs. ined. D. C.
bose, rather hispid. 4. H. Native of the polar regions of syst. 2. p. 344.) scapes naked, very smooth ; leaves lanceolate,
North America, particularly at Baffin's Bay. Pods elliptical ; quite entire, rather pilose ; pods elliptical-oblong, and are as well
Style very short, and terminated by the somewhat capitate stigma. as the pedicels very smooth. 21. H. Native on rocks in the
Corymbose Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl. ft. Alps of Lapland and Greenland ; North America in the Bay of
27 D. WORMSKIO'LDII (Fisch. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 874.
St. Lawrence. D. Androsacea, Wahl. fi. lapp. 174. no. 317. t.
leaves oblong, with one tooth on each side ; scape 1-leaved, and 11. f. 5. exclusive of the synonyms. D. Wahlenbergii, Hartm.
is, as well as the leaves, beset with branched pili; flowers in
More loose in habit than D. nivàlis.
corymbs; silicles oblong, smooth. 4. H. Native in the ex- Lapland Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1824. Pl. 2 or 3 in.
treme eastern parts of Siberia. Flowers white.
33 D. HELVETICA (Schleich. pl. dr. Switz. D. C. syst. 2. p.
Wormskiold's Whitlow-Grass. Pl. 1 foot.
345.) scapes naked, very smooth; leaves lanceolate, ciliated;
28 D. Murice’LLA (Wahl. fl. lapp. 178. no. 318. t. 11. f. 2.) pods oval, and are, as well as pedicels, very smooth.
.
scape naked, velvety ; leaves oblong, entire, greyish-velvety Native of Switzerland near the limits of snow on the rocky
with stellate hairs; pods oblong-lanceolate, smooth.
oblong-lanceolate, smooth. 4. H. top of Wendigletscher about Engelberg. D. ciliàris, Wahl. helv.
Native of Norway, Lapland, on dry hills, and perhaps on the p. 122. no. 671. but not of Lin.
western coast of North America and Labrador. D. hírta, Oeder. Swiss Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 inch.
fi. dan. t. 214. D. Liljebladii of Wallm. D. nivàlis, Liljebl. nov. 34 D. FLADNIZE'NSIS (Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 1. p. 147. t. 17. f.
act. ups. 6. p. 47. t. 2. f. 2.
47. t. 2. f. 2. Flowers small, whitish. Pods ob- 1.) scapes 2 or 3-leaved, smooth; leaves oblong-linear, stiffly-
long-lanceolate, acute at both ends, and very smooth.
ciliated ; pods oblong, and are, as well as the pedicels, very
Var. B, ca'sia (Adams, in mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 268.) smooth. 4. H. Native of Croatia, Carniolia, and Carinthia,
differing from the species in the flowers being sulphur-coloured, on rocks in the higher mountains above Fladniz; also in
not whitish, and with the leaves rarely toothed. 4. H. Native Transylvania. D. Androsacea, Willd. spec. 3. p. 428. D.
3
of the north of Siberia at the mouth of the river Lena, at the ciliata, Scop. carn. no. 787. t. 33. D. ciliàris, Hort. syn. 354.
promontory called Bykofskoy-mys.
Flowers few, approximate; sepals green, oval.
Little-hispid Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1825. Pl. ft. Fladniz Whitlow-Grass. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 inch.
29 D. u'RTA (Lin. spec. 897.) scapes puberulous, bearing 35 D. TOMENTOSA (Clairv. herb. val. p. 217? Wahl. A. helv.
2 dentate leaves ; radical leaves oblong, nearly entire, puberu- p. 123. no. 672. t. 3.) scape 1 or 2-leaved, velvety ; leaves
lous ; pods oblong, and are, as well as the pedicels, smooth. 2. oval-oblong, downy with short stellate-tomentum; pedicels pubes-
H. Native of Lapland, Norway, and Greenland, on dry shaded cent; pods oval, ciliated. 4. H. Native throughout the higher
rock in the lower mountains. Wahl. fl. lapp. p. 175. no. 319. Alps of Switzerland in the chinks of dry rocks on Gemmy and
t. 11. f. 3. A very polymorphous plant, which is often con- Stockhorm ; central Pyrenees at Valley d'Aure, on the mountain
fused with D. rupestris.
called Penne-blanque; also on the tops of the Carpathian moun-
Var. f, apícola (Wahl. 1. c. t. 11. f. 1.) more stiff and dwarfer tains at the height of 6200 feet. D. dùbia, Sut. Petals white,
habit, and the hairs are more stellate than in the other varieties. 3 times longer than the calyx. Pods pointed by the punctiform
4. H. Native on the higher mountains of the above men- stigma. D. hírta, Towns. itin. hung. 490.
tioned countries.
Tomentose Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1-2 in.
Var. y, Norvégica (Gunn. Al. norv. 2. p. 106. no. 846.) radi- 36 D. CHAMISSÒNI; scapes 2-3-leaved, clothed with stiff short
cal leaves larger, somewhat cuneated, acute, toothed, crowded. tomentum, as well as the leaves; leaves oval-oblong; pedicels
4. H. Draba Pyrenaica, Oed. fl. dan. t. 143. but not of Lin. usually exceeding the length of the silicle ; silicles pubescent,
Native of the Alps of Norway, especially near Port Olaus. acute; stigma evidently 2-lobed. 4. H. Native of North
Var. d, siliquosa (Cham, et Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 23.) plant America in the island of Unalaschka and the Bay of St. Lawrence.
with a more lose habit; siliques longer. 6. H. Native of D. stellàta, Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 1.
p.
22. This plant
4. H.
.

CRUCIFERÆ. XXXIII. 185
.
DRABA.
has a much more loose habit than D. stellàta, with longer pedi- 43 D. CONTO'RTA (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 155.) stem leafy, branch-
cels and longer styles.
ed, velvety with stellate down ; leaves ovate, toothed, hoary; pods
Chamisso's Whitlow-Grass. Pl. 3 to 4 inches.
oblong, smooth, somewhat twisted. f. H. Native of Britain
37 D. STELLA'TA (Jacq. vind. 113. obs. no. 54. t. 4. f. 3.) on Alpine limestone rocks, particularly on the summits of moun-
scapes 1-leaved, pubescent; leaves oval-oblong, downy with stel- tains in Wales, Westmoreland, and Scotland ; upon the top of
late short hairs; pedicels puberulous ; pods oblong (f. 46.j.) 4. Ingleborough, Yorkshire ; upon Ben Lawers, Loch-na-gair, and
H. Native in fissures of rocks in very high places exposed to the Cairn-gorm, Scotland ; on heaths on the east coast of Sunderland
sun, in the Pyrenees; also in the same sort of places in the Alps near Wilk-house ; also in the Pyrenees, Caucasus, Greenland,
of Provence, Dauphiny, Piedmont, Savoy, Switzerland, Austria, Unalaschka, and Labrador. D. incàna, Smith, engl. bot. t. 388.
Salzburg, Styria, Transylvania, &c. &c. Deless. icon. sel. 2. Flowers white; petals bluntly emarginate. D. incana B, Willd.
t. 46. f. B. D. hírta, Jacq. austr. t. 432. D. Austriaca, Crantz. spec. 3. p. 430.
austr. p. 12. t. 1. f. 4. Flowers very small and white. Pods Var. B, linearifolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 348.) stem much
oblong, usually very smooth. .
branched ; leaves linear, hardly toothed; pods a little longer than
Var. B, hebecárpa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 346.) pods velvety with those of the species. 3. H. Native of Greenland. Perhaps a
down.
proper species.
Stellate-haired Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. Twisted-podded Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Britain. Pl.
1 to 3 inches.
1 to 1 foot.
38 D. LÆ'VIPES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 346.) scapes naked, or bear- 44 D. CONFUSA (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 155.) stem leafy, some-
ing 1 leaf, pubescent; leaves ovate, downy with short stellate what branched, velvety with short stellate down ; leaves oblong,
hairs; pods elongated, linear, and are as well as the pedicels very somewhat toothed, hoary; pods oblong, pubescent, longer than
smooth. 4. H. Native of the Pyrenees on rocks. Deless. the pedicels. T.H. Native of Norway, Finmark, Sweden, Val-
icon. sel. 2. t. 46. f. A. Very like the two preceding plants. lais, also on the Caucasian Alp called Schahdagh, and on the
Smooth-pedicelled Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May. Pl. 2 inches. Altaian mountains, in dry fields and on hills. D. incàna, Fl.
39 D. SILIQUÒSA (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 94. suppl. p. 428.) dan. t. 130. Differing from D. contorta, in the pods being ter-
t
scapes 2-leaved, somewhat pubescent; leaves linear-lanceolate, minated by a longer style, pubescent, rarely twisted.
somewhat toothed, villous with branched hairs ; pods linear, and Var. B, paucifolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 348.) leaves fewer on the
are as well as pedicels smooth. 4. H. Native of the Alps stem. . H. Native of Kamtschatka and Labrador.
of Caucasus. Petals white, oblong, hardly emarginate. Pods Confused Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt.? Pl. 1 to 1 ft.
linear.
45 D. CINE'REA (Adams, mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 103.)
Long-podded Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, July. Pl. 2 inches.
2 . stem simple, leafy, somewhat pubescent; leaves oblong-linear,
40 D. LA'CTEA (Adams, mem. soc. nat. mosc. 5. p. 194.) entire ; pods oblong, pubescent, shorter than the pedicels. 8.
scapes naked, smooth ; leaves oblong-linear, acute, very entire, H. Native of sterile mountainous places in the north of Siberia,
pilose ; pods oblong-elliptic, pointed by the short style, and are at the mouth of the river Dschulamda in the Lena, near the town
as well as the pedicels smooth. 4. H. Native of the north of called Schigansk or Sayansk.. Very like D. confùsa, but differ-
Siberia on the shores of the Arctic sea, about the mouth of the ing in the stem being more lax and weaker, and less leafy. Stem
river Lena. Petals cream-coloured, with short claws.
leaves 5 or 6 entire, scattered.
Milk-coloured-flowered Whitlow-Grass. Fl. July. Pl. 2 inch. Cinereous Whitlow-Grass. Fl. Ju.July. Clt. 1820. Pl. a to z ft.
41 D. CALYCI'NA (Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 185.) scapes naked, 46 D. MAGELLA'NICA (Lam. dict. 2. p. 328.) stem simple,
smoothish, l-flowered ; leaves oblong, narrowed at the base, leafy, velvety ; leaves oblong, entire ; pods oblong, velvety, longer
pilose, entire ; pods linear, smooth. 4. G. Native of Peru. than the pedicels. G. H. Native of the Straits of Magellan
Petals white, oblong, a little longer than the calyx, Root long, at the edges of mountain woods. Nearly allied to D. confùsa,
perpendicular.
but differing in the stem being simple, not branched, and in the
Large-calyxed Whitlow-Grass. Pl. 2 or 3 inches.
leaves being entire, not toothed. Flowers white.
Magellan Whitlow-Grass. Fl. Aug. Dec. Pl. 1 to foot.
Sect. IV. HOLA’RGES (meaning unknown.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 47 D. ARABISANS (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 28.) stem leafy,
348. prod. 1. p. 170. Plants annual or biennial. Style short. somewhat branched, and rather pubescent; leaves lanceolate,
Flowers white, very rarely yellow,
acute, toothed; pods linear, smooth, longer than the pedicels.
42 D.INCA'NA (Lin. spec. 897. Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 3. H. Native of North America on rocks by river sides. In
23.) stems numerous from the root, naked or clothed with the ves- New England and at lake Champlain. Dràba A'rabis, Pers. Habit
tiges of the leaves of the preceding year, usually branched emulating of Arabis. Pods erect, twisted, pointed by the style, about 5
stolons, terminated in a tuft of leaves at the top, from which the lines long. A tufted plant, with short sterile stems, and elon-
floriferous branches emerge ; leaves elliptical, quite entire, rarely gated, flowering ones. Flowers white.
toothed, tapering into the petiole; cauline leaves ovate, acute, Arabis-like Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Pl. foot.
toothed; pods elliptical, acute at both ends, beset with simple or 48 D. DAU'RICA (D. C. syst. 2. p.350.) stem leafy, branched,
branched hairs. 4. H. Native of the islands of Kamtschatka, somewhat pubescent; leaves ovate, toothed, pubescent; pods
Unalaschka, and St. Paul. Flowers white, with emarginate petals, oblong, smooth, longer than the pedicels. 3. H. Native of
at first corymbose, but at length racemose. Plant pubescent, Dauria in the mountains, called Yablonoi Chrebet. Petals white,
when young tomentose, but when in fruit it is smooth.
somewhat emarginate, narrowed at the base, twice the length of
Var. B, Kamtschática ; plant more pubescent with starry the calyx. Stigma capitellate.
down, mixed with larger simple hairs. 4. H. Native of Kamt- Daurian Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1824. Pl. foot.
schatka. Plant more slender and more tufted. Pods narrower. -49 D. UNALASCHKIA'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 350.) stem leafy,
Seeds elliptical, not acute.
simple, pubescent; leaves ovate-oblong, entire, pubescent; pods
Var. y, Redowskiàna ; plant slender, clothed with dense cine- oblong, hairy. 3. H. Native of the island of Unalaschka.
reous pubescence ; siliques densely-pubescent, twisted; peduncles Petals obovate, emarginate, twice the length of the calyx.
length of pods; stigma 2-lobed.
Flowers 4 or 6, disposed in a racemose-corymb. Stems rather
Hoary Whitlow-Grass. Pl. 1 foot.
decumbent.
Bb.
VOL. I. -PART II.

186
CRUCIFERÆ. XXXIII. DRABA.
3
Unalaschka Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Ju. Pl. to foot. + Species, the generic characters of which are doubtful, or not
50 D. AU'REA (Vahl. from Horn. fl. oecon. ed. 2. p. 599. fl. sufficiently known.
dan. t. 1460.) stem leafy, somewhat branched, velvety ; leaves
oblong-linear, acute, entire, pubescent; pods linear, puberulous, 55 D. PUMI'LIO (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 353.) scapes
twice or thrice the length of the pedicels. 3. H. Native of naked, 1-flowered ; radical leaves ovate, entire, stalked ; pods
Greenland. Hook. bot. mag. 2924. This is the only species ovate. O. H. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers small,
in this section with yellow flowers, the rest being all white. white. Calyx spreading. Root perpendicular.
Petals obovate, blunt, clawed.
Dwarf Whitlow-Grass. Plant hardly 1 inch.
Golden-flowered Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. 56 D. VESICA'RIA (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 186.) scapes naked,
Pl. į foot.
covered with stellate hairs; leaves crowded, oblong, velvety
with stellate down, and ciliated with simple hairs ; pods ovate,
Sect. V. DRABEʼLLA (a diminutive of Draba.) D. C. syst. 2. inflated, hairy. 24. H. Native of Palestine on rocks and moun-
p. 351. prod. 1. p. 171. Annual or biennial plants. Style none. tains, and of Syria on Mount Lebanon. A little tufted plant
Flowers small, yellow, or white.
with yellow flowers.
51 D. LUTEA (Gilib. fl. lith. in Ust. del. op. 2. p. 357.) stem Bladder-podded Whitlow-Grass. Pl. 1 inch.
branched, leafy, pubescent; leaves oval, denticulated, pubescent; 57 D. PULCHE'LLA (Willd. herb. from Stev. obs. ined. D.C.
pods elliptical-oblong, smooth, containing from 20 to 40 seeds. syst. 2. p. 354.) scapes naked ; leaves lanceolate, quite entire,
O. H. Flowers racemose, small, yellow. Petals blunt, almost covered with stellate down on both surfaces; pods ovate, smooth.
elliptical, longer than the calyx.
Native of Persia on the alps in the province of Ghilan.
Var, a, brévipes (D. C. syst. 2. p. 351.) pedicels hardly twice Pretty Whitlow-Grass. Pl. 1 inch.
the length of the pods. O. H. Native of Armenia or Cappa- 58 D. ARETIOL'DES (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 77.
docia. Dràba Pontica, Desf. cor. Tourn. p. 67. t. 51. ann. du. t. 435.) scapes naked ; leaves oblong, blunt, villous, imbricated;
mus. 11. p. 381. t. 38.
pods ovate, villous. 2. G. Native of South America on the
Var. B, longipes (D. C. l. c.) pedicels three or four times Andes of Quito, in the valleys of Mount Antisana at the height
longer than the pod O. H. Native of the north of Caucasus of 3400 feet. Arètia càna, Willd. herb. from Kunth. Androsace
in grassy places and on hills; about Grodno, Dorpath, Moscow, càna, Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 786. Flowers small, yellow.
Petersburgh; also in the Ural mountains and Dauria. D. Aretia-like Whitlow-Grass. Pl. 1 inch.
lùtea, Gilib. 1. c. D. muralis, Steph. fl. mosc. p. 29. Bieb. fi. 59 D. VIOLA CEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 354.) stem suffruticose,
taur. no. 1246. suppl. p. 428.
branched, diffuse ; leaves opposite, ovate, downy; pods oblong.
Yellow-flowered Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. h.G. Native of South America in very cold snowy places on
Pl foot.
Mount Assuay in Quito at the height of 3740 feet. Draba
52 D. NEMORA'LIS (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 643. Houtt. pl. syst. Bonplandiàna, H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p.
78. Petals
4. t. 60. f. 1.) stem branched, leafy, pubescent; leaves ovate,
ovate, violet.
tooths, pubescent; pods elliptical-oblong, containing from 32 to Violet-flowered Whitlow-Grass. Fl.? Pl. to 1 foot.
36 seeds, velvety with small hairs. O. H. Native of Japan 60 D. ALYSSOI'DES (H. B. et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p.
79.)
by way-sides; in Russia in groves; in Tauria and Caucasus in stem shrubby, branched, and is tomentose as well as ovate-oblong,
fields; in Transylvania in shady mountains; in the Carpathian scattered, serrated leaves ; pods ovate-lanceolate, tomentose.
mountains and the Pyrenees. It is said also to grow in Sweden
.
2.G. Native of South America in the province of Pasto near
and North America. Dràba muralis, Thunb. fl. jap. 259. Zapayes Guachucal and Quarchu at the height of 2500 or
Flowers yellow, differing but little from D. lùtea, unless that the 2800 feet. Hook, bot. misc. 2. p. 126. t. 32. A frutescent
pods are pubescent, not smooth.
herb with white flowers.
Grove Whitlow-Grass. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. Pl. : foot. Alyssum-like Whitlow-Grass. Pl. 1 or 2 feet.
53 D. MURA'LIS (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 643.) stem branched, leafy, 61 D. RAMOSI’SSIMA (Desv.jour. bot. 3. p. 186.) stem branched,
pubescent; leaves ovate, toothed, somewhat cordate, stem-clasp- trailing, smooth; leaves spatulate, remotely toothed, smooth.
ing, rather hairy; pods elliptical-oblong, smooth, containing 12- 4. H. Native of North America. Pods smooth, compressed,
16 seeds. O. H. Native of England on the shady sides of not margined, often oblique, bearing a long style.
limestone mountains, but rare. In several parts of Craven, York- Much-branched Whitlow-Grass. Pl. trailing.
shire, about Malham Cove; at old Malton on walls, on the Wardon 62 D. GLABE'LLA (Pursh, A. amer. sept. 2. p. 434.) scape
hills, Bedfordshire, on dry banks at Emborough, Somersetshire, erect, generally bearing 2 leaves ; leaves spatulate-lanceolate,
;
naturalised on the walls of Chelsea Botanic Garden, as likewise smoothish ; racemes crowded with flowers ; pods ovate-lanceo-
about the old Botanic Garden, Edinburgh. It is also to be found late, acute. O. H. Native of North America at Hudson's
throughout the whole of Europe on the shady sides of walls, Bay. Flowers probably white.
rocks, and mountains. Smith, engl. bot. t. 912. Lam. ill. t. Bald Whitlow-Grass. Pl. 1 inch.
556. f. 2. Hook, f. lond. t. 64. *D. nemorosa, All. ped. no. 63 D.? LÆVIGA'TA (Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 25.) stem
897. D. ramòsa, Gater. fl. montaub. 114. D. nemoralis, Delarb. leafy, simple, smooth, straight; radical leaves and lower cauline
fl. auv. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 371. Flowers small, white; petals ones stalked, ovate, tapering to the base, rather fleshy, with ob-
obovate, entire.
soletely ciliated margins ; pods oblong-lanceolate, smooth, 4 or
Wall Whitlow-Grass. Fl. April, May. Engl. Pl. ; to 1 ft. 6-times longer than the pedicel. 4.H. Native of the island of
54 D. CAROLINIA'NA (Walt. A. carol. 174.) stem leafy at the St. Lawrence. A plant of peculiar habit from being deficient of
base and hispid, smooth at the top and naked ; leaves ovate- the tufts of leaves. Root thick, descending. Flowers white, at
roundish, entire, hispid; pods linear, smooth, longer than the first corymbose, but at length racemose. Petals unguiculate,
pedicels. O.H. Native of North America in sandy fields from obovate.
Pennsylvania to Carolina, and on the banks of the river Mis- Smoothed Whitlow-Grass. Fl. June. Pl. į foot.
souri, Virginia, New York, &c. &c. Dràba hispídula, Mich. A. Cult. The whole of the species of this genus are pretty
bor. amer. 2. p. 28. Flowers small, white.
little plants, particularly the species contained in the two first sec-
Carolinian Whitlow-Grass. Fl. March, April. Pl. 1 or 2 in. tions; they are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work, but as
1

CRUCIFERÆ. XXXIV. Erophila. XXXV. COCHLEARIA,
187
-
many of them are apt to damp off in the winter in this kind of Stamens toothless. Annual or perennial herbs, usually smooth
situation, unless taken great care of, therefore the safest way and fleshy, but sometimes they are puberulous, with scattered,
to preserve them is to keep a plant or two of each of the short, simple, or 3-forked hairs. Form of leaves very variable ;
perennial kinds in small pots among other alpine plants; they radical ones usually stalked; cauline ones often auriculately-
thrive best in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and the pots sagittate. Racemes terminal ; pedicels bractless, spreading, fili-
should be well drained with potsherds; they are easily increased form, or somewhat angular. Flowers white; except in one
by dividing the plants at the roots, or by seed. The annual and species which is lilac. The sections of this genus may constitute
biennial kinds, having rather a weedy appearance, are only fit for
as many
distinct
genera.
botanic gardens ; they should be sown in the open border or on
Sect. I. KERNE'RA (from kepvos, kernos, an earthen vessel ;
rock-work. D. nemoràlis and D. muralis require to be sown in
shape of leaves ?). D. C. syst. 2. p. 359. prod. 1.
P.
172. Sili-
a shady situation.
cles globose, somewhat 4-sided at the base, with rather stiff valves.
XXXIV. ERO'PHILA (from ep, er, the spring, and pinew, jointed
Dissepiment bounded by narrow linear areolæ. Filaments 4,
phileo, to love; in allusion to the time of flowering). D. c. jointed at their middle
.
at their middle. Style short; stigma 2-lobed. This
section is considered of sufficient importance by Mr. Brown to
syst. 2. p. 356. prod. 1. p. 172.
p
constitute a distinct genus.
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle oval or oblong,
with flat valves. Seeds many, not margined. Calyx equal at
1 C. SAXA'TILIS (Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 471.) pods pea-formed,
smooth ; radical leaves oblong, toothed, pilose, cauline ones
the base. Petals 2-parted. Stamens not toothed. Small annual
linear-oblong. 2.H. Native of France, Switzerland, Italy,
vernal plants, with oval or oblong leaves, which are rosulate at
Transylvania, and the Carpathian mountains, on calcareous rocks
the neck, and naked, erect scapes. Pedicels bractless, often
and in rugged places. Myàgrum saxátile, Lin. spec. 894. Jacq.
elongated. Flowers small, white. Hairs on leaves few, simple, or
austr. t. 128. Vind. t. 257. Nasturtium saxatile, Crantz, austr.
sometimes branched.
1.
1 E. America'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 356.) pods oblong, Alyssum myagroides, All. ped. no. 887. Kernèra myagrożdes,
p. 14. t. 1. f. 2. Alyssum alpinum, Scop. carn. ed. 2. no. 793.
shorter than the pedicels; scapes 5 or 10-flowered. O. H.
Native of North America in fields and among rubbish in places
Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 42. Camelina saxatilis, Pers.
exposed to the sun. Dràba vérna Americana, Pers. ench. 2. p.
ench. 2. p. 191. Alyssum rupestre, Willd. enum. 2. p. 612. but
not of Tenore. Camelina myagroides, Moretti in giorn. fis. pav.
190. Dràba Caroliniàna, var. Bart. fl. phil. 2. p. 58. Differing
1820. bim, 1. Flowers white.
1
from Eróphila vulgàris in the pods being oblong, not elliptical,
Var. B, incìsa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 360.) leaves lyrate or pinna-
nearly 3-times as long as broad.
tifid.—Mor. hist. 2. p. 293. no. 11. sect. 3. t. 17. fig. ult.
American Whitlow-Cress. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1820.
Pl. 1 to 3 inches.
Myàgrum saxátile ß. 'D. C. suppl. 597.
2 E. VULGARIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 356.) pods elliptical, shorter
Rock Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1775. Pl. 1 ft.
2 C. AURICULATA (Lam. dict. 2. p. 165.) pods pea-formed,
than the pedicels; scapes 5-15-flowered. O.H. Native through-
out the whole of Europe, on walls, banks, and dry waste ground, cordate-sagittate. 4. H. Native on the mountains of Auvergne,
smooth; radical leaves oblong, toothed, pilose; cauline ones
abundant in Britain. Dràba vérna, Lin. syst. 896. Smith, engl.
bot. t. 586. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1764. t. 179. Fl. dan. t. 983.
Savoy, Cevennes, and the Pyrenees ; on calcareous rocks. Myà-
Leaves either entire or notched.
grum montanum, Berg. phyt. 3. p. 140. icon. Myàgrum saxá-
tile B, Willd. spec. 3. p. 410. M. alpinum, Lapeyr. abr. p. 362.
p
Common Whitlow-Cress. Fl. Mar. Ap. Britain. Pl. 1 to 3 in.
Cheiránthus auriculatus, Lapeyr. abr. 562. Myagrum auricula-
3 E. PRÆ'cox (D. C. syst. 2. p. 357.) pods somewhat orbi-
tum, D. C. suppl. 597. Differing from Cochl. saxátilis in the
cular, hardly shorter than the pedicels; scapes 3-5-flowered.
cauline leaves being cordate-sagittate at base, with acute auricles,
O. H. Native of the Eastern Caucasus near Gandsha. Drába
not sessile. Flowers white.
præ'cox, Stev. mem. soc. nat. mosc. 3. p. 269. Dràba vérna,
Eared-leaved Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. Pl. I ft.
-
var. Bieb. suppl. 428.
3 C.? ALYSSOI'DES (Þ. C. prod. 1. p. 172.) pods globose, in-
D.
p
Early Whitlow-Cress. Fl. Feb. Apr. Clt. 1827. Pl. 1 inch. .
flated with the calyx ; leaves oblong, blunt, sinuately-toothed,
4 F. MINUTISSIMA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 357.) pods?; scape naked, thickish, radical ones stalked, upper ones half-stem-clasping.
generally 3-flowered ; leaves elliptical, stalked. O. H. Na-
Native of the East Indies. Alyssum cochlearioides, Roth. nov.
tive near Constantinople. Dràba minutíssima, Willd. herb. from pl. spec. 322. Perhaps a species of Vesicària.
Stev, obs. ined.
Minutest Whitlow-Cress. Fl. Mar. April. Pl. I to 1 inch.
Alyssum-like Scurvy-Grass. Pl. 1 foot.
5 E. MUSCO'SA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 358.) pods elliptical, a little Sect. II. ARMORA'CIA (a name of Celtic origin, from ar, near,
longer than the pedicels ; scapes 3 or 4-flowered. O. H. Na- mor, the sea, rich, against, that is to say, a plant growing near
,
tive of Peru amung moss and small herbs. Petals semibifid, the sea). D. C. syst. 2. p. 360. prod. 1. p. 172. Silicle ellip-
longer than the calyx. Plant having the appearance of a moss. tical or oblong. Style short, filiform; stigma capitate, nearly
Moss-like Whitlow-Cress. Pl. 1 inch.
disciform. Leaves large, oblong. Flowers white.
Cult. These pretty little annual plants should be sown in the 4 C. ARMORA'CIA (Lin. spec. 904.) pods ellipsoid ; radical
autumn in the sunny parts of rock-work, where they should be leaves large, oblong, crenated, cauline ones elongated, lanceolate,
allowed afterwards to scatter themselves. Being very early toothed, or cut; root large, fleshy. 4. H. Native of Europe
flowering plants, therefore very desirable.
in watery mountainous places. In England about Alnwick, and
elsewhere in Northumberland; in several parts of Craven in
XXXV. COCHLEARIA (from cochlear, a spoon; the leaves Yorkshire. Common in waste ground, about orchards and farm-
of most of the species are hollowed like the bowl of a spoon). yards from the refuse of gardens. In France in Dauphiny, at a
Tourn. inst. 215. t. 101. Lin. gen. no. 803. Lam. illust. t. place called Roxans; also in Switzerland, Germany, and Transyl-
558. D. C. syst. 2. p. 358. prod. 1. p. 172.
vania, Woody. med. bot. 3. p. 406. t. 150. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2223.
LIN. SYST. "Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicles sessile, ovate-
.
Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 229. t. 181. Cochl. rusticana, Lam. fl. fr.
globose or oblong, with ventricose valves. Seeds many, not 2. p. 471. Armoràcia lapathifòlia, Gilib. fl. lith. in Ust. del. op.
margined. Calyx equal at the base, spreading. Petals entire. 2. p. 359. Flowers with a spreading calyx. The horse-radish is
,
Bb 2

188
CRUCIFERÆ. XXXV. COCHLEARIA.
a
4.H.
a
called upon the Continent Cran, Cran de Bretagne, Le Grand February the one year old crop will require additional earth as
Raifort, (Fr.) Reeredyck, (Germ.) Ramolaccio, (Ital.) The root before directed, which must of course be taken from those beds
of this plant has a pungent smell, and a penetrating acrid taste; which are now vacant, which when done, if the ground appears
and it also contains a sweet juice, which sometimes exudes upon poor or unlikely to produce another vigorous crop, they must
the surface. Einhoff has discovered that the acrimony of horse- have a coat of manure.' Upon every alternate bed, which is not
radish is owing to a volatile oil of a pale yellow colour, and planted, a dwarf annual crop may be grown, such as spinach or
,
which has the consistence of oil of cinnamon. The liquid ob- radishes."
radishes.” A moist soil increases its bitter and alkaline flavour.
A
tained from the root gave traces of sulphur by distillation. The Common Horse-radish. Fl. May, June. Britain. Pl. 2 feet.
2
tincture deposits crystals of sulphur, which are of a yellow 5 C. MACROCA'RPA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 101. t. 184.)
colour, and when exposed to flame exhale a peculiar sulphuric fla- pods ellipsoid ; radical leaves large, oblong, crenated, cauline
vour; this is no doubt the case with all cruciferous plants. Both ones lanceolate-toothed ; teeth cartilaginous; root fleshy; sepals
water and alcohol extract its virtues by infusion. By drying it loses erect. 4. H. Native of Hungary and Transylvania in humid
all its acrimony, becoming first sweetish, and afterwards almost meadows or marshes. Armoràcia macrocarpa, Baumg. fl. transyl.
insipid ; if kept in a cool place, such as a shed or cellar, covered 2. p. 240. Cochl. crassifolia, Willd. herb. Flowers and fruit
with sand or dry earth, it retains its pungency for a considerable a little larger than those of Cochl. armoràcia, and the taste of the
time. It is an extremely penetrating stimulus. It excites the root is less acrid. It may be used in the same manner.
solids, and promotes the fluid secretions. It has frequently been Large-podded Horse-radish. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1806. Pl. 2 ft.
of service in some kinds of scurvy and other chronic disorders, 6 C. MICROCA'RPA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 362.) pods globose; leaves
and is sometimes recommended in dropsies, particularly those oblong, auriculately-stem-clasping at the base, toothed.
which sometimes follow intermittent fevers. It is said also to Native of Siberia at Krivoluka. C. armoràcia ? Pall. herb.
excite appetite when the stomach is weakened or relaxed. Taken C. Altàica, Schlecht. in herb. Willd. from Stev. obs. ined. Habit
in considerable quantities, it provokes vomiting. Thomas Ber- of Myàgrum Austriacum or Lepidium Dràba. Stem branched.
tholini extols its virtues in the stone from experience: he affirms Pods small.
the juice of horse-radish dissolved a calculus of stony concretion). Small-podded Horse-radish. Pl. 1 foot.
that was taken out of a human body. . An infusion of it in cold
milk makes one of the safest and best cosmetics. The root
scraped into shreds is a well-known accompaniment of English Sect. III. Co'CHLEAR (for deriyation see genus ; form of
roast beef.
leaves). D. C. syst. 2. p. 362. prod. 1. p. 176. Silicles of
Two excellent modes of cultivating the horse-radish have
various forms, but never emarginate at the top. Style very
lately been described in the Horticultural Society's Trans- short or wanting altogether. Spreading plants, with usually
actions by Knight and Judd. Both agree in trenching the soil to kidney-shaped hollow leaves. Flowers white or tinged with purple.
a considerable depth, and putting the manure at the bottom of 7 C. GLASTIFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 904.) silicles somewhat globose;
the trench; but Knight plants the sets on the surface, and cal- cauline leaves cordately-sagittate, stem-clasping, acuminated,
culates on the root that strikes down to the dung for produce.
entire. 3. H. Native about Ratisbon, in Dauphiny in fields,
Judd, on the other hand, makes holes quite to the bottom of his in the gardens of Corsica, in Portugal on the banks of Douro.
trenched soil, and in each drops a set, filling up the hole with
Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1804. t. 181.-Lob. icon. t. 321. f. 2.-
wood-ashes, rotten tan, or sand, calculating for produce on the Mor. oxon. 2. p. 312. sect. 3. t. 21. f. 3. A smooth, branched,
shoots made from the set at the bottom of the hole up through the
glaucous herb.
sand or ashes to the surface. Either mode will do extremely well. Woad-leaved Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1648. PI.
The following excellent instruction is given by J. Knight in 1 to 3 feet.
Hort. Trans. 1. p. 207.
1
8 C. OBLONGIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 363.) pods roundish
“ Horse-radish thrives best in deep, soft, sandy loam, that is one-half shorter than the pedicels ; cauline leaves oblong, entire,
not very dry in summer nor inundated in winter; the situation sessile, upper ones with very short auricles. 4. H. Petals
must be open. During winter trench the ground three feet deep, twice the length of the calyx.
and in the following February procure the sets, in the choice of Var. a, Dràba cochlearioides (Langsdorf, from Fisch. in litt.)
which take the strongest crowns or leading buds, cutting them Native of the islands of St. Paul, St. Laurence, and Unalaschka.
about two inches long. Mark out the ground, four feet beds, Var. B, Cochleària A'nglica e Kamtschátka (Pall. in herb.
and one foot alleys, then take from the first bed nine inches of the Willd.) Cochl. Kamtschática, Schlecht. in herb. Willd. Native
top soil, laying it upon the adjoining bed, after which take out an of Kamtschatka. A smooth, branching, fleshy herb. Leaves
opening at one end of the bed, in the common way of trenching, more narrowed towards the base. Flowers smaller.
15 inches deep from the present surface, then level the bottom, Oblong-leaved Scurvy-Grass. Fl. April, May. Pl. a foot.
upon which plant a row of sets across the bed at nine inches apart 9 C. A'NGLICA (Lin. spec. 903.) pods ovate, sub-globose,
each
way, with their crowns upright; afterwards dig the next netted with veins, twice as short as the pedicels ; radical leaves
trerch the same width and depth, turning the earth into the first stalked, ovate, entire, cauline ones oblong, toothed.
Ο. Η.
trench over the row of sets, thus proceeding trench after trench Native of Britain, Norway, Lapland, &c. on the muddy sea-
to the end for as many beds as are wanted. The plants must shore, and about the mouths of large rivers. Oed. fl. dan. t.
be kept clear of weeds during summer, and as soon as the leaves 329. Smith, eng. bot. 552. Cochl. Groenlandica, Gun. norv.
decay in autumn, let them be carefully raked off with a wooden- no. 196. Cochl. ovalifòlia, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 436.
toothed rake; in the following February 18 inches of the earth English Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May. Britain. Plant variable
of the unplanted bed must be laid as light as possible and equally in size.
over the beds that are planted, then trench and plant the vacant 10 C. OFFICINA`LIS (Lin. spec. 903.) pods ovate-globose,
beds as before directed. The following autumn the first planted twice as short as the pedicels ; radical leaves stalked, cordate,
horse-radish
up by opening a trench at one end of cauline ones ovate, toothed, angular. 3. H. Native on the
the bed to the bottom of the roots, so that the sticks or roots of sea-coast, in stony or muddy situations, abundantly throughout
horse-radish may be taken up entire and sound, which for size North Europe ; plentiful in Britain. Oed. fi. dan. t. 135.
and quality will be such as have not been seen. The following Woodv. med. bot. 1. p. 86. t. 29. Smith, eng. bot. t. 551.
may
be taken
-

CRUCIFERÆ. XXXV. COCHLEARIA.
189
for use.
Savi, mat. med. tosc. p. 25. t. 18. Tratt, arch. 5. t. 236. C. Lena Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, June. Pl. I foot.
renifòlia, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3.
p.
435.
15 C. A'RCTICA (Schlecht. in herb. Willd. from Stev. obs.
Var. B, minor (Smith, fl. brit. 2. p. 688.) C. Dánica, Gun. ined.) pods ovate-oblong, a little shorter than the pedicels; radi-
norv. no. 197. from Vahl. Many of the stem leaves have long cal leaves stalked, ovate, somewhat toothed ; cauline ones sessile,
stalks, which are also more cordate than those of the species. furnished with one tooth on each side. 8. H. Native of the
Native on the tops of the Scotch and Welsh mountains, in watery north of Siberia, and Kamtschatka.
places.
Arctic Scurvy-Grass. Pl. į foot.
Var. y, rotundifolia (Smith, 1. c.) C. Groenlandica, With. brit. 16 C. TRIDACTYLITES (Banks, herb. D. C. syst. 2. p. 367.)
but not of Lin. Leaves rounder than those of the species. Na- pods ovate-globose; cauline leaves somewhat 3-lobed from a
3
tive on the tops of the Scottish and Welsh mountains.
deep tooth on each side. 8. H. Native of Labrador. Like
A branched plant, varying much in size. It is called in France, C. Lenénsis and C. A'rctica. Pods the size of those of C. offi-
Cranson officinal; in Germany, Löffelkraut. The Common cinàlis.
Scurvy-Grass when fresh has a peculiar smell, especially when Three-fingered-leaved Scurvy-Grass. Pl. foot.
bruised, and a kind of acrid bitter taste, which it loses completely 17 C. FENESTRA'TA (R. Br. in app. voy. Ross.) pods elliptical,
by drying, but which it imparts by distillation to water or alco- twice as short as pedicel, with an elongated, perforated dissepi-
hol. It also furnishes an essential oil, with sulphuretted hydro- ment; radical leaves stalked, ovate ; cauline ones oblong. 4. H.
gen, the smell of which is extremely pungent. The fresh plant Native of North America, in the Polar regions, on the Western
is a gentle stimulant and diuretic, and is chiefly used for the cure Coast, at Baffin's Bay, and near Possession Bay. C. alpina,
of sea scurvy. It may be eaten in substance, in any quantity, Hook.
like the water-cress, or the juice may be expressed from it, or it Windowed Scurvy-Grass. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1819. Pl.
may be infused in wine, beer or water, or its virtues may be ex- À to ] foot.
tracted by distillation. The juice is recommended as a gargle in 18 C. SISYMBRIOIDES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 368.) pods oblong,
scorbutic affections of the gums and mouth. The whole of this twice as short as pedicels; petals oblong; lower leaves pinnatifid,
section Cochlear possess more or less of the above virtues. superior ones ovate-lanceolate, entire, or toothed, clasping the
When this plant is to be cultivated for use, sow the seeds in July, stem at the base. 2. H. Native of Siberia, on the shores of
in drills eight inches apart, and when the plants are up thin them the Icy Sea, and at the river Lena. C. heterophylla, Schlecht.
to six inches apart; those thinned out may be planted into new D. C. prod. 1. p. 375.. Flowers largish, white, with oblong
beds. In the following spring the succulent leaves will be fit sepals, which are membranous at their margin. Gmel. fl. sib.
3. t. 57.
Officinal or Common Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, June. Britain. Sisymbrium-like Scurvy-Grass. Pl. 1 foot.
Pl. 2 inches to 1 foot.
19 C. GRANDIFLORA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 368.) pods oblong;
11 C. Pyrena'ICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 365.) pods obovate; petals large, obovate; cauline leaves ovate-lanceolate, bluntish,
somewhat globose, length of pedicels ; radical leaves cordately grossly toothed, and bluntly auricled at the base. -Native of
reniform, entire, cauline ones few, ovate, toothed. 8. H. Na- Siberia, at Nertchinsky-Sawod. Flowers white, larger than
tive along the sides of rivulets, on the upper valleys of the Cen- those of any of the other species. Leaves large, membranous.
tral Pyrenees. Deless, icon. sel. 2. t. 48. C. officinalis, Great-flowered Scurvy-Grass. Pl. 1 foot. .
Lapeyr. abr. pyr. p. 368. Intermediate between C. officinalis 20 C. INTEGRIFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 369.) pods oblong ;
and C. Groenlandica.
petals obovate-oblong; cauline leaves entire, lower ones stalked,
Pyrenean Scurvy-Grass. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. ? Pl. a to z foot. ovate, upper ones nearly sessile, lanceolate.---Native of the
12 C. GROENLA'NDICA (Lin. spec. 904.) pods ovate, length of Altaian mountains. Very like the two preceding plants.
pedicels ; radical leaves stalked, kidney-shaped, entire ; cauline Flowers white, smaller than those of Cochl. Sisymbrioides.
ones almost wanting. ſ. H. Native of Greenland, Norway, and
.
Entire-leaved Scurvy-Grass. Pl. 1 foot.
Iceland. In Scotland, on the hills of Clova, Angusshire, and at 21 C. SA'LSA (Schlecht. in. herb. Willd. from Stev. obs. ined.)
Loch-na-Gare. Lod. bot. cab. 1. t. 45. Smith, eng. bot. t. pods lanceolate, terminated by the conical style, one half shorter
2403. Plant very small in its place of natural growth. Flowers than the pedicel; cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, cordate,
white, tinged with purple.
stem-clasping, and are, as well as the stem, pubescent.-Native of
Greenland Scurvy-Grass. Fl. July, Aug. Scotland. Pl. 1 to Siberia? in salt marshes. Draba salsa, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 876.
3 inches.
Flowers white, size of those of C. Anglica..
13 C. DA'NICA (Lin. spec. 903.) pods elliptical, netted with Salt Scurvy-Grass. Pl. { foot.
veins, length of pedicels ; leaves all stalked, and triangular, 22 C. SPATHULA'TA (Schlecht. in Willd. herb. from Stev. obs.
O. H. Native throughout the north of Europe, also in Kamts- ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 369.) stem branched, leafy, puberulous ;
chatka, on the coast, in a muddy soil. In England but rare, pods lanceolate, pointed, with the short style, a little shorter
In Walney Island, Lancashire ; Anglesea ; at Wells, Norfolk ; on than the pedicels; leaves spatulate, deeply-toothed, pubescent.
several parts of the south coast from Portland to the Land's end. . O. H. Native of the Aleutian islands of St. Paul and St.
Oed. fl. dan. t. 100. Smith, eng. bot. t. 696. Stems spreading George, between Kamtschatka and America. C. septentrionalis,
or prostrate. Flowers pure white.
Schlecht. in Willd. herb. from Stev. obs. ined. D. C. prod. 1.
Var. B, integrifolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 366.) cauline leaves p. 174. Deless, icon. sel. 2. t. 47. Drába spathulàta, Spreng.
very few, radical ones kidney-shaped, entire. Native of Ireland, syst. 2. p. 876. Dràba grándis, Langsdorff, from Fisch, in
on the Giant's Causeway.
litt. Very near to C. arctica, but easily distinguished from it by
Danish Scurvy-Grass. Fl. May, June. England and Ireland. the hairs being 3-forked. Flowers cream-coloured. Silicles
Pl. I foot.
inflated.
14 C. LENE'NSIS (Adams, from Fisch. in litt.) pods ovate ; Spatulate-leaved Scurvy-Grass. Pl. 1 foot.
3-times shorter than the pedicels; radical leaves stalked, some- 23 C.? siliquÒsa (Schlecht, in herb. Willd. from Stev. obs.
what kidney-shaped, blunt, cauline ones oblong, almost entire. ined. and D. C. syst. 2. p. 369.) pods oblong-lanceolate, pointed
f. H. Native of Siberia, at the river Lena. C. Groenlandica, with the style, one half shorter than the pedicels ; leaves oblong,
Willd. herb. from Stev, obser. ined. Flowers small.
entire. pubescent, narrowed at the base. 2. H. Native of
-
.

190
CRUCIFERÆ. XXXV. CoCHLEARIA. XXXVI. THLASPI.
a
p.
p. 175.
.
Unalaschka, on the highest rocks. Flowers when dry yel-
Tribe III.
lowish.
Long-podded Scurvy-Grass. Pl. { foot.
THLASPI'DEÆ (plants agreeing in some important charac-
24 C.? velutìnA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 370.) pods elliptical, one
ter with Thlaspi.) or PLEURORHI'ZÆ (from #levpa, pleura,
half shorter than the pedicels ; leaves velvety with branched a side, and piša, rhiza, a root; radicle at side of cotyledons;
down, radical ones pinnate-parted, cauline ones sagittate. O. H. (f. 46.c. f. 45. g. d.) ANGUSTISEPT 2E (from angustus, narrow,
Native of Syria, between Aleppo and Mossul. Flowers like and septum, a dissepiment.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 372. prod. 1. P.
175.
those of C. saxatilis. Petals broad, obovate. Deless. icon. sel.
Silicle opening, with a very narrow dissepiment (f. 46. k. l.),
2. t. 49. A very distinct species which, perhaps with the fol- and keeled navicular valves (f. 46. k. l. m. and n.). Seeds oval (f.
lowing, may constitute a separate genus.
1.) sometimes margined (f. 46.n.). Cotyledons flat, accumbent,
Velvety Scurvy-Grass. Pl. 1 to 3 inches.
contrary to the dissepiment (f. 46. k. f. 45. a. d.). A very dis-
25 C. SAXIFRAGÆFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 370.) pods ovate- tinct tribe, and can only be confounded with Lepidineæ, hut
oblong ; leaves smooth, radical ones stalked, kidney-shaped, from which it is easily distinguished by the much compressed
palmately and deeply-toothed, cauline ones ovate, 3-lobed, up-
seeds and accumbent cotyledons.
permost ones linear. 4. H. Native of Persia. Flowers very
like those of the preceding plant, Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 50.
* Cells of silicles from 2 to many-seeded.
Saxifrage-leaved Scurvy-Grass. Pl. I to į foot.
XXXVI. THLA'SPI (from Olaw, thlao, to compress ; seeds
Sect. IV. Ionopsi’DIUM (from lov, ion, a violet, obis, opsis, compressed.) Dill. fl. giss. gen. nov. p. 123. t. 6. Vent. tabl.
resemblance, Eldos, eidos, similar ; like a violet.) D. C. syst. 2. 3. p. 110. Thlaspi spec. Lin. Juss. Lam.
.
p. 371. prod. 1. 174. Silicle roundish, compressed, emar- LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle emarginate at
SYST
ginate at the top. Flowers lilac. An intermediate section be- the apex, (f. 46. k. l.) with navicular valves which are winged
tween Cochleària and Thlaspi.
at the back (f. 46. k.). Cells 2 or many-seeded (f. 46. I.)
26 C. ACAU'LIS (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 69.) pods roundish, emar- Petals equal. Calyx equal at the base. Perennial or annual
ginate, pedicels rising from the root; petioles long ; leaves ovate- branched, erect, smooth herbs with entire or toothed leaves,
roundish, entire. 2. H. Native of Portugal, frequent on the radical ones usually stalked, cauline ones stem-clasping. Racemes
basaltic hills near Lisbon, but rarer in the calcareous hills of terminal ; pedicels bractless. Flowers of all white.
Estremadura. Said also to grow in Morocco. C. pusílla, Brot.
phyt. p. 100. no. 45. t. 21. f. 2 and 3. Jacq. eclog. t. 132. Sect. I. PACHYPHRAGMA (from Taxus, pachys, thick, ppaypa,
C. Olyssiponénsis, Brot. A. lusit. 1. p. 571. Lepídium violi- phragma, a dissepiment.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 373. prod. 1.
.
fórme, D. C. mem. soc. hist. nat. paris. an. VII. p. 145. Leaves Silicle broad, emarginate. Style none. Dissepiment thick,
and pedicels rising from the root. Pedicels 1-flowered, and 13
Pedicels 1-flowered, and 13 double, furnished with 3 longitudinal plaits. Seeds 4, not stri-
,
inch long.
ated (f. 46. k.).
Stemless Scurvy-Grass. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1} in. 1 T. LATIFOLIUM (Bieb. i. taur. 2. p. 99. supp. p. 430.)
radical leaves on long footstalks, cordate, repand-toothed, cauline
+ Species not sufficiently known.
ones ovate-cordate, on short foot-stalks. 2. H. Native of
27 C. SAGITTÆFÒLIA (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 182.) O. H.
Iberia, in woods, also in the north of Caucasus. T. macrophyl-
Native of ........? ? Flowers small white; pods oblong, en-
lum, Hoffm. comm. soc. phys. med. mosc. 1. p. 7. Lèpia lati-
fòlia, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 166. Pterolòbium Bieberstèinii,
tire, tumid, few-seeded; radical leaves oblong, slightly toothed.
Arrow-leaved Scurvy-Grass Pl. foot.
Andrz. cruc. ined. Flowers largish. Petals cuneated, blunt, 3-
28 C. LYRA'TA (Sibth. and Smith, fl. græc. t. 619.) O. H.
times longer than the calyx. Deless. icon. sel. 2. p. 51. (f. 46. k.).
Native of Sicily. Leaves toothed, smooth; radical ones lyrate,
Broad-leaved Bastard-Cress. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1822.
Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
cauline ones oblong, sagittate, stem-clasping.
Lyre-leaved Scurvy-Grass. Pl. foot.
29 C. REPA'NDA (Med in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 42.) Native ?
Sect. II. CARPOCERAS (from kaptos, karpos, a fruit, and
Lower leaves stalked, waved, pubescent, superior ones repand,
kepas, keras, a horn; valves horned.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 374.
stem-clasping, sagittate, hollowed in the form of a spoon.
prod. 1. p. 175. Valves expanded at end into a wing resem-
Repand-leaved Scurvy-Grass.
bling a horn. Seeds 4, striated. Dissepiment membranous,
30*C. LONGIFÒLIA (Med. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 41.)—Na- oblong.
C.
tive of ? Lower leaves on long foot-stalks, upper ones sessile,
2 T. CERATOCA'RPON (Murr. comm. goett. 1774. p. 26. t. 1.)
for the most part entire.
radical leaves somewhat stalked, obovate-oblong, cauline ones
Long-leaved Scurvy-Grass. Pl.?
hastate, stem-clasping, with acute auricles. 0. H. Native of
Cult. The common horse-radish should be planted in Febru- Siberia, in salt fields, in plenty between the Belokamenskoi sta-
ary or October in the way recommended under that species, in a
tion and Fort Seven-Palace. Capsélla cornígera, Medik. in Ust.
deep rich soil. The smaller perennial sorts do best in pots,
new. ann. 2. p. 46. Th. cornútum, Clairv. herb. val. 214.
placed among other alpine plants, but the larger ones should be
Lepídium ceratocarpon, Pall. Flowers small white. Fructife-
planted in a shady, rather moist situation, in the
rous pedicels, filiform.
The biennial and annual kinds only require to be sown in the Horned-podded Bastard-Cress. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1779.
open border, the greater part of them grow best in a damp
Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
situation, the seeds should be sown directly after they have ri-
pened, or they may be allowed to sow themselves. They are SECT. III. NomÍSMA (from voulopa, nomisma, a piece of
all easily increased by seeds except Cochleària armoràcia and money ; in allusion to the form of the silicles as well as the names
macrocarpa, which do best by slips from the root, and some of Th. arvensis, money-wort, monnoyere, Fr.) D. C. syst. 2. p.
others of the perennial species which do not seed freely may be 375. prod. 1. p. 175. Valves with a wing along the whole back.
increased by dividing the plants at the root.
Seeds numerous, striated.
open border.

CRUCIFERÆ. XXXVI. 'TulasPI.
191
ceous.
ܪ
3 T. ARVE'NSE (Lin. spec. 901.) leaves oblong, toothed, somewhat toothed, lower ones stalked, upper ones sagittate, stem-
stems erect; pods obovately-orbicular, shorter than the pedicels. clasping, with acute auricles; pods obovate, ventricose; stigma
O. H. Native throughout Europe, in cultivated or waste fields, almost sessile. 0. H.
O. H. Native throughout middle and south
and probably has been introduced to many countries with wheat. Europe, in cultivated fields. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 121. Flowers
.
In England, but not common, particularly in Essex, Suffolk, and a little smaller than those of Th, arvénse, and the pods are almost
Staffordshire. Fl. dan. t. 793. Curt. fl. lond. 6. t. 43. Smith, one half smaller. Th. arvénse, 6 minor, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 464.
eng. bot. t. 1659. Schkuhr. hanb. 2. no. 1789. t. 180. Boiss. Plant when bruised smelling of garlic.
fl. europ. t. 440. f. 2. Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 438. Flowers Garlic-scented Bastard-Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1714.
small, white. Odour of plant when bruised somewhat allia- Pl. ; to foot.
10 T. PERFOLIA'TUM (Lin. spec. 902.) leaves somewhat tooth-
Corn-field Penny-Cress. Fl. May, July. England. Pl. } to ed, radical ones stalked ; cauline ones cordate, stem-clasping ;
1 foot.
stem branched; petals equal in length with the calyx; pods ob-
4 T. BAICALE'NSE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 376.) leaves oblong, cordate, 8-seeded; stigma almost sessile. 0. H. Native of
grossly toothed; stems erect; pods orbicular, longer than the Portugal, Spain, France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, Podolia,
pedicels. O. H. Native of Siberia, beyond the Baical, and on Greece, &c. in cultivated fields, especially on a chalky soil ;
the shores of the Baical lake. This is perhaps only a variety of in England, abundant among stone-pits, about Burford, Ox-
Th. arvénse.
fordshire, but it is not known to be found any where else in Bri-
Baical Bastard Penny-Cress. Fl. May, Jul. Pl. į to foot. tain. Jacq. aust. t. 337. Smith, eng. bot. t. 2354. Th. alpestre,
5 T. COLLI'NUM (Bieb. A. taur. 2. p. 99.) leaves oblong, Huds. angl, 282.
toothed, cauline ones linear-sagittate, upright; stems diffuse, Var. ß, simplicissimum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 379.) stems simple,
somewhat ascendant; pods almost orbicular, O. H. Native of strict, striated from the base.
strict, striated from the base. O. H. Native of the north of
Armenia and Iberia on Mount Alwar, about the metal mines, Persia, about Lenckeran.
Th. nemoròsum, Adami, Hoffm. cat. hort. mosc. 1808. no. 3249. Perfoliate-leaved Bastard-Cress. Fl. April, July,
Fl. April, July. England.
Very near Th. arvénse.
Pl. foot.
Hill Penny-Cress. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. į to foot. 11 T. MONTA'NUM (Lin. spec. 902.) leaves somewhat fleshy,
entire, radical ones obovate, stalked ; cauline ones oblong, sagit-
Sect. IV. NEURO'TROPIS (from veupov, neuron, a nerve, and tate, stem-clasping; petals larger than the calyx ; pods obcor-
TPOTUS, tropis, a keel; wings of pod circumscribed by a nerve.) date, 4-seeded; style filiform.
. date, 4-seeded; style filiform. . 2. H. Native of Europe from
D. C. syst. 2. p. 377. prod. 1. p. 176. Silicle orbicular, emar- Spain to Podolia, and from Sicily to Holland, on mountains,
ginate, with a narrow recess. Back of valves expanded into a Jacq. aust. t. 237. Bois. Al. eur. t. 441. f. 1. Schkuhr. handb.
broad wing, which is circumscribed by a nerve. Seeds numer- 2. no. 1794. t. 180. Lepídium thlaspidioìdes, Pall. itin. 3.
ous, not striated.
p. 161. Th. spatulatum, Gater. fl. montanb. 115.
6 T. ORBICULA'TUM (Stev. in litt. and D. C. syst. 2. p. 377.) Var. B, præ cox (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 124. t. 9.) differing
superior leaves quite entire, stem-clasping; pods orbicular. . from the species by the plant being a little more glaucous, and
,
O. H. Native of Iberia. Seeds oblong, compressed, rufous. with the radical leaves crenated at the top. Drába cárnica,
Orbicular-podded Bastard-Cress. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Scop.
Pl. to å foot.
Var. y, alpinum (Jacq. aust. 3. t. 238.) style longer, exceed-
7°T. UMBELLA'TUM (Stev. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 377.) leaves ing the ovary, and almost equalling the length of the pod.
.
ovate, toothed ; radical ones somewhat stalked, cauline ones half Mountain Bastard-Cress. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1808. Pl.
stem-clasping ; pods obcordate. O. H.
O. H. Native of Persia, in to foot,
à
the province of Ghilan.
12 T. ALPE'STRE (Lin. spec. 903.) leaves entire, radical
Umbellate-flowered Bastard-Cress. Pl. I foot.
ones ovate, stalked, cauline ones sagittate, stem-clasping; petals
8 T. procu’MBENS (Lapeyr. abr. 366.) leaves sinuately pin- nearly as long as the calyx; pods obcordate, 8 to 12-seeded ; ;
natifid, or almost entire ; petals hardly larger than the calyx; style filiform.
style filiform. 4. H. Native of the Pyrenees, Cevennes, Car-
pods 10-12-seeded, blunt at both extremities ; stigma sessile. pathian mountains, France, Spain, &c. in mountain pastures
O. H. Native among rubbish on the sea-side, as well as on the and meadows; in the north of England, among lime-stone rocks
sides of roads, or paths about salt pans or pits, or any place and lead mines ; about Settle and Malham, Yorkshire. At Mat-
where salt is made in Spain, South of France, Piedmont, Tauria, lock Bath, Derbyshire. Smith, eng. bot. t. 81. Th. cærulés-
Island of Cyprus, &c. Lepídium procumbens, Lin. spec. 898.
. cens, Presl. il. cech. p.? Th. montànum, Huds. angl. 282. Th.
Hil. veg. syst. 11. t. 42. f. 1. Lepídium pusíllum, var. a, Lam. præ'cox, Schleich, pl. helv.
fl. fr. 2. p. 468. Hutchínsia procumbens, Desv. journ. bot. 3. Alpine Bastard-Cress. Fl. Ju. Jul. England. Pl.
Pl. 1 foot.
Stem procumbent. This is evidently a true Lepídium. 13 T. HETEROPHY'LLUM (D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 712.)
Var. ß, erectiúscula (D. C. syst. 2. p. 391.) steins erectish. radical leaves stalked, spreading, entire, toothed, or lyrate, cau-
Native of Syria.
line ones erect, cordately-sagittate ; petals almost equal with the
Var, y, integrifòlia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves entire, or sparingly calyx. 2. H. Native of the Pyrenees, on the borders of
. ,
cut. Native of Marseilles.
Spain. Flowers a little smaller than those of Th. alpéstre.
Procumbent-stemmed Bastard-Cress. Fl. March, May. Clt. Variable-leaved Bastard-Cress. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
1819. Pl. procumbent
14 T. MAGELLA'NICUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 189.) radical leaves
oval, stalked, almost entire, cauline ones oblong-sessile ; petals
Sect. V. Prero'TROPIS (from ttepov, pteron, a wing, and nearly equal with the calyx; pods oblong, truncately-emarginate,
TPotis, tropis, a keel; valves of pods furnished with winged 8-seeded ; style short. 2.? H. Native of the rocks of Magel-
keels.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 377. prod. 1. p. 176. Silicle somewhat lan at the places called by French travellers Baie Duclos, and
obovate, emarginate or truncate. Valves furnished with a wing Baie Boucaut. Flowers small, white. Seeds oval-oblong, rufous,
the whole length on the back (f. 46. I.), but the wings are not mar- compressed, not striated.
gined with a nerve as in the preceding section. Seeds not striated. Magellan Bastard-Cress. Pl. 1 foot.
9 T. ALLIA' CEUM (Lin. spec. 901.) leaves oblong, blunt, 15 T. COCHLEARIFO'RME (D. C. syst. 2. p. 381.) leaves
p. 168.
p

192
CRUCIFERÆ. XXXVI. Thlaspi. XXXVII. HUTCHINSIA.
Ibèris cepeæ-
p.
2.H.
1
1.
4
somewhat fleshy, radical ones stalked, ovate, somewhat toothed, Flower from white to purplish. Seeds 2 or 3 in each cell, alter-
cauline ones cordate, stem-clasping ; petals larger than the calyx; nate, pendulous.
pods oblong, somewhat emarginate, 8-seeded (f. 46. l.); style Round-leaved Hutchinsia. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1759. Pl.
short, filiform. 4. H. Native of Siberia and Dauria, on the 2 to 3 inches.
tops of the mountains. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 52. Flowers very 2 H. CEPEÆFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 386.) leaves somewhat
like those of Th. montànum.
fleshy, lower ones stalked, oblong-obovate, denticulated at the
Scurvy-grass-like Bastard-Cress. Fl. Jul. Pl. į to foot. apex, cauline ones oblong; stamens shorter than the corolla ;
,
style 3-times shorter than the pod. 4. H. Native of Carin-
† Species not sufficiently known.
thia in the valley called Rabl, also in the Apennines, where it
16 TH.? SAMOLIFOLIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 382.) leaves ovate,
flowers immediately on the melting of the snow.
blunt, quite entire, lower ones on short foot-stalks ; petals emar-
fòlia, Wulf. in Jacq. misc. 2. p. 28. t. 1. Very like H. rotun-
ginate." Native of Cappadocia. Alyssum samolifolium, Desf. difòlia both in habit and character. Flowers pink or purplish.
.
choix. cor. p. 66. t. 49. Flowers white, about the size of those
Pi.
Cepæa-leaved Hutchinsia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1821.
of Berteròa incàna. Very like Th. montànum.
2 to 4 inches.
Samolus-leaved Bastard-Cress. Pl. 1 to 11 feet.
3 H. PYGMÆ'A (Viv. fl. cors. app: in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p.
17 T. TUBEROSUM(Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 65.) leaves rhomboid- 503.) plant smooth; leaves fleshy; radical ones coarsely and
ovate, obsoletely toothed, sessile, radical ones on long footstalks;
obsoletely toothed or quite entire, tapering into the petiole,
stem pubescent; root tuberous. 4. H. Native on the western cauline ones sessile, half-stem-clasping ; silicle elliptical, trun-
side of Pennsylvania. Flowers largish, rose-coloured. Pods
cate, bluntly emarginate ; style very short, permanent.
orbicular, short.
Native of Corsica. Flowers white or purplish.
Tuberous-rooted Bastard-Cress. Fl. Apr. May. Pl. 7 to 1 ft.
Pygmy Hutchinsia. Pl. 1 inch.
18 T. Schra'NCKII (Schult. fl. aust. p. 83.) leaves somewhat
4 H. PU'MILA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 386.) leaves somewhat fleshy,
hispid, entire, radical ones stalked, cauline ones stem-clasping;
lower ones on long foot-stalks, oval, entire, cauline ones oblong,
calyx shorter than the petals; pods obcordate. Native of Austria
acutely-sagittate at the base; stamens, corolla, and style much
on walls along with the Capsélla Bursa-pastoris.
shorter than the pod. 4. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus on
Schranck's Bastard-Cress. Fl. May, July. Pl. 2 to 1 foot.
Alp Schadagh. Ibèris pumila, Stev. mem. soc. nat. mosc. 3.
19 T. SCAPIFLO'RUM (Viv. fl. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnæa.
p. 269. Pods narrowed at both ends. Stems many, prostrate,
or ascendant.
p. 503.) leaves all radical, on long stalks, roundish-oblong,
quite entire, smoothish ; silicles elliptical, slightly emarginated;
Dwarf Hutchinsia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 to 2 in.
style elongated. 2? H. Native of Corsica. Flowers white ? 5 H. STYLO'SA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 387.) leaves somewhat fleshy,
Scape-flowered Bastard-Cress. Pl. 1 inch.
lower ones stalked, obovate-oblong, almost entire, cauline ones
Cult. The species of this genus are hardly worth cultivating oblong; stamens, petals, and style about the length of the pod.
except in general collections, as in botanical gardens. The pe-
7. H. Native of Naples on the higher mountains, especially in
rennial species may be grown on rock-work or in borders; they
Abruzzo. Ibèris stylòsa, Tenore, prod. A. neap. 37. Thláspi
.
are readily increased by seeds. The biennial and annual sorts mínimum, Arduin, specim. 2. p. 37. t. 15. f. 1.? Flowers white,
may be either sown on rock-work or in open borders. All the corymbose. Stems many, erect.
species succeed best in a light sandy soil.
Long-styled Hutchinsia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 in.
6 H. BREVI'STYLA (D.C. syst. 2. p. 387.) leaves somewhat
XXXVII. HUTCHI'NSIA (in honour of Miss Hutchins
fleshy, stalked, obovate, somewhat toothed; pods oblong, trun-
cately-emarginate ; style very short. 21. H. Native of the
of Belfast, to whom Sir James Smith was indebted for many
communications on submarine plants, during the progress of
mountains of Syria. Flowers small, white. Petals oblong-cu-
“ English Botany"). R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 1812. vol. 4. p. 82.
neated, blunt, almost truncate. Pods obovately-cuneated, trun-
but not of Agardh. D. C. syst. 2. p. 384. prod. 1. p. 177.
cately-emarginate at the top; seeds 4 in each cell. A tufted
2
LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia Siliculòsa. Silicle elliptical, with
plant, with rather woody roots.
navicular wingless valves. Cells 2-seeded, rarely many-seeded.
Short-styled Hutchinsia. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1825. Pl. 1 in.
Calyx equal at the base. Petals equal. Herbs small, perennial,
7 H. TRINE'RVIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 387.) leaves quite entire,
rarely annual, many-stemmed, those with entire leaves have pur-
3-nerved, oval-oblong, sessile, somewhat cordate, stem-clasping
at the base. h. 2. H. Native of Persia on Mount Elwend.
plish flowers, those with pinnate-lobed leaves have small white
flowers. Racemes terminal, erect; pedicels filiform, bractless,
Flowers from white to purplish. Valves keeled. A plant with
spreading. Flowers never yellow. Lower leaves opposite.
a woody root and many erect stems, which are somewhat shrubby
at the base. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 53.
Three-nerved-leaved Hutchinsia. Pl. I to 1 foot.
Sect. I. IBERIDE’LLA (a diminutive of Ibèris ; like). D.C. 8 H. HASTULA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 388.) leaves cordately-
syst. 2. p. 385. prod. 1. p. 177. Style filiform. Leaves entire
hastulate at the base, ovate-oblong, somewhat denticulated and
or toothed. Flowers purplish, resembling those of Ibèris.
half-stem-clasping ; pods elongated, truncate at the top. 4.H.
,
1 H. ROTUNDIFOʻLIA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 82.) Native of Hyrcania and of the north of Persia in the province of
leaves somewhat fleshy, quite entire; lower ones stalked, obovate; Ghilan near Lenckeran. Thlaspi hastulatum, Stev. in litt.—
cauline ones ovate-oblong, somewhat stem-clasping; stamens, pe- Gmel. sib. 254. t. 56. f. 1. A smooth, somewhat glaucous herb,
tals, and style one-half shorter than the pod. 4. H. Native of with erectish stems. Flowers white, suffused with red. Size and
Provence, Dauphiny, Piedmont, Switzerland, Germany, Carniola, habit of H. rotundifolia.
Carinthia, Transylvania, near the snow among stones and in the Hastulate-leaved Hutchinsia. Pl. I to 1 foot long.
fissures of rocks in the Alps. Ibèris rotundifòlia, Lin. spec.
905. Scop. carn. no. 805. t. 37.-All. ped. spec. 27. t. 4. f. 1. Sect. II. NASTURTIOLUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 388. prod. 1.
Ibèris rèpens, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 674. Lepídium rotundifolium, p. 178.) Leaves pinnate-lobed. Flowers small, white. Like
All. pedm. flor. 1. p. 252. t. 55. f. 2. Noccæ'a rotundifolia, Dràba and Teesdalia.
Monch. suppl. 89. Stems many, weak, prostrate, or ascendant. 9 H. CALYCI'NA (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 168.) leaves pinnate-

CRUCIFERÆ. XXXVII. HUTCHINSIA. XXXVIII. TEESDALIA. XXXIX. PLATYSPERMUM. XL. IBERIS.
.
193
parted, and are as well as erect stems pubescent; calyx per- ones largest. O.H. Native of dry, barren, gravelly fields in
manent; pods oblong, narrowed at both ends, and pointed by many parts of Europe, especially in the Morea, France, Ger-
the style. 4. H. Native of Siberia on the Altaian mountains, many, Denmark, and Sweden. In England about London,
and of North America. Hook, f. bor. amer. t. 17. B. Lepí- Norwich, and Bury, in Worcestershire and Cumberland, near
. t
dium calycinum, Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 433. Petals white, Sheffield. In corn-fields near Easinwold, Yorkshire, in several
oblong, twice the length of the calyx, rarely deciduous.
parts of the Lowlands of Scotland. Abundant in Anglesea.
Calycine Hutchinsia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. Pl. 2 or 3 in. Teesdàlia nudicaúlis, R. Br. 1. c. Ibèris nudicaulis, Lin. spec.
10 H. ALPI'NA (B. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 82.) 907. Oed. fi. dan. 323. Smith, engl. bot. t. 327. Sturn. fl.
leaves pinnate-parted, smooth ; petals twice the length of deci- germ. icon. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1774. t. 179. Ibèris bur-
duous calyx; pods acute at both ends; style very short, ex- sifòlia, Berg. phyt. icon. Thlaspi nudicaulis, D. C. fl. fr. ed.
serted. 4. H. Native of the Pyrenees, Apennines, Mount 3. vol. 4. p. 708.
Baldo, Carpathian mountains, &c. on rather moist rocks. Le- Iberis-like or Irregular-flowered Teesdalia. Fl. May. Britain.
pídium alpinum, Lin. amon. 4. p. 321. Jacq. aust. 2. t. 137. Pl. 1 to 2 inches.
Schrank, fl. mon. 3. t. 216. Lepídium Hallèri, Crantz. austr. 1. 2 T. LEPIDIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 392.) petals equal. O. H.
p. 8. t. 1. f. 3. Dràba nasturtiòlum, Scop. carn. ed. 2. no. 791. Native of sandy, sterile, somewhat wooded places throughout the
Dràba alpina, Baumg. fl. transylv. 2. p. 232. but not of Lin. south of Europe, especially in Portugal and Spain in elevated
Seeds 2 in each cell. Flowers white. "
fields about Madrid, above the monastery of St. Bernard. About
Alpine Hutchinsia. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1775. Pl. 2 or 3 in. Montpelier and in Lower Dauphiny, also in Mauritania. Lepídium
11 H. PETRÆ'A (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 82.) nudicaule, Lin. spec. 898. Thláspi nudicaúle, Desf. atl. 2. p. 67.
leaves pinnate parted, smooth ; petals hardly longer than the Teesdàlia regularis, Smith in Lin. trans. II. p. 283.-Magn.
calyx ; pods 4-seeded, blunt at both ends; stigma sessile. monsp. 186 and 187. icon. Stamens usually 4, rarely 6.
O. B. H. Native of rocky places from Spain to Sweden, and Var. ß, integrifolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 393.) leaves entire, not
from England to Laconia and Arcadia, also in the south of pinnate. Native of Spain and Sardinia.
Tauria. In England on limestone rocks and walls, particularly Var. Y, acutíloba (D. C. 1. c.) leaves more oblong, with 3 or
on the rocks about Goram's chair, and on St. Vincent's Rocks, near 4 acute lateral lobes or teeth, and an elongated, acuminate ter-
Bristol ; at Uphill, Somersetshire; on a limestone wall 2 miles
minal one.
Native of the island of Scio.
from Pembroke, and in various other parts of Wales, and of the Lepidium-like or Regular-flowered Teesdalia. Fl. Feb. May.
mountainous limestone districts of Yorkshire. Hook, f. lond. t. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 to 2 inches.
31. Lepídium petræ'um, Lin. spec. 899. Jacq. austr. 2. t. 131. Cult. These pretty little annuals should be sown on rock-
Smith. engl. bot. t. 111. Bois. fl. eur. t. 440. f. 1. Lepídium work or in a dry sandy situation, and the seeds may afterwards
Linnæ'i. Crantz. austr. 9. t. 2. f.4. & 5. Lepídium pusillum. be allowed to scatter themselves.
Var. B. Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 468. Stems erect or tufted, or
somewhat decumbent. Flowers white very minute.
XXXIX. PLATYSPE'RMUM (from alatus, platys, broad,
Rock Hutchinsia. Fl. Mar. Apr. Engl. Pl. 2 or 3 inches. and oneppa, sperma, a seed ; seeds broad). Hook. f. bor. amer.
12 H. BREVICAU'LIS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 863.) leaves lyrately- t. 18. B.
pinnate; leaflets obovate ; petals larger than the deciduous
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle elliptical, with
calyx; silicles obovate-oblong, obtuse, destitute of the style. navicular valves, terminated by a short, blunt stigma ; cells 4-5-
4. H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia. Lepídium brevicaúle, seeded ; seeds nearly orbicular, flat, cordate at the base, edged
Hoppe. Flowers white ?
with a broad wing. A small annual plant with radical runcinate
Short-stemmed Hutchinsia. Pl. 1 foot.
leaves, and l-flowered radical pedicels. Stamens naked. Petals
Cult. These pretty little plants are well adapted for rock- and sepals about equal in length.
work or to be grown in small pots (well drained with potsherds) 1 P. SCAPI’GERUM (Hook. l. c.). O. H. Native of North
and placed among other alpine plants. The annual and biennial America on the western coast.
species should all be sown on rock-work or in a dry situation in Scape-bearing Platyspermum. Pl. 2-3 inches.
autumn or early in spring, or they may be allowed to scatter Cult. A trifling little plant of easy culture, well adapted for
themselves, which is the best mode. The perennial kinds, which rock-work, where the seeds may be sown.
are recommended to be grown in pots, or on rock-work, do best
in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat. They may be either in-
,
.
** Cells of silicle 1-seeded.
creased by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds, which
ripen in plenty, or cuttings will root freely, planted under a
XL. IBE'RIS (from the country called Iberia, now Spain;
hand-glass.
most of the species grow in such climates). Lin. gen. no. 804.
Gært. fruct. 2. p. 279. D. C. syst. 2. p. 398. prod. 1. p. 178.
p
XXXVIII. TEESDA'LIA (named after Robert Teesdale, Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Petals 4, 2 outer ones
author of a catalogue of plants growing about Castle Howard, largest. Silicle much compressed, truncately emarginate. Seeds
published in the Linnæan Transactions, vol. 2.) R. Br. in hort. ovate, pendulous. Herbs or sub-shrubs. Stems round, usually
kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 83. Smith in Lin. soc. trans. II. p. 283. smooth, sometimes fleshy. Leaves alternate, linear, or obovate,
D. C. syst. 2. p. 391. prod. 1. p. 178. Guepinia, Bast. suppl. 35.
. entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, sometimes thickish. Racemes
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculosa. Silicle oval, emarginate sometimes elongated, sometimes corymbose when in flower, after-
at the top, with navicular valves. Cells 2-seeded. Stamens wards elongated, and sometimes, even after flowering, corym-
each furnished with a scale on the inside at the base. Small
, bosely-umbellate ; pedicels bractless. Flowers either white or
annual, smooth herbs with rosulate, expanded, stalked, pinnate- purplish, never yellow; the outer flowers of the corymb are
lobed radical leaves, and with many leafless simple scapes rising much more irregular than the inner ones.
from the neck. Racemes terminal, at time of flowering corym-
bose, afterwards elongated ; pedicels filiform, bractless, spread- Sect. I. IBERI'DIUM (altered from Ibèris). D. C. prod. 1.
ing. Flowers small, white.
p. 179. Radicle descending. Seed not margined. Dissepiment
1 T. IBE'RIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 392.) petals unequal, outer simple.
VOL. I.- PART III.
Сс
.

194
CRUCIFERÆ. XL. IBERIS.
tate.
.
-
§ 1. Suffruticòso-corymbòsa. Fructiferous pedicels corym- Molinèrii, Balb. cat. hort. taur. 1813. p. 43.
43. Flowers nearly
bose. Stems suffruticose. Evergreen plants.
like those of Ibèris pinnàta, white.
1 I. CONTRACTA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 186.) frutescent, smooth;
Ciliated-leaved Candy-Tuft. Fl.Ju. Jul. Clt. 1802. Pl. Z to 1 ft.
stem erect, elongated; leaves linear, somewhat cuneated, toothed;
9 I. LINIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 905.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves
pods crowded, umbellate. h. H. Native of Spain and Por-
linear, quite entire, somewhat toothed; pods corymbose, biden-
tugal. Fructiferous corymbs very much contracted. Flowers
8. H. Native of Nice, Provence, Dauphiny, Sicily, and
white.
Spain, &c.
I. tenuifolia, Presl. ex Spreng.–Garid. aix. 459. t.
Var. B, ciliolàta (D. C. syst. 2. p. 405.). I. fruticosa, foliis
105. Very like Ibèris umbellata. Flowers purplish.
oblongis, crassis, &c. Ant. Juss. in herb. Juss. Leaves evi- Var. B. albiflora (Desf. in herb. mus. Paris). Flowers white.
dently ciliated at the base. Perhaps a proper species. D. C. 1.c.
Flax-leaved Candy-Tuft. Fl. June, Aug. Cit. 1759. Pl. 1-2 ft.
Contracted-corymbed Candy-Tuft. Fl. April, June. Clt. 10 I. UMBELLA'TA (Lin. spec. 906.) herbaceous, smooth ;
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, lower ones serrated, upper ones
1824. Pl. 1 to 11 foot.
2 I. Prui'ri (Tineo. pug. sic. 1. p. 11. no. IX.) stems suf-
quite entire; pods umbellate, very acutely 2-lobed.
O. H.
fruticose at the base, smooth; leaves obovate-spatulate, entire,
Native of Italy, about Genoa, Sarzena, and Pisa; in the island
or somewhat toothed ; pods emarginate, somewhat corymbose. of Crete, and in Spain ; on stony hills in sunny places. Curt. bot.
Ibèris
4. . H. Native of Sicily on the Nebrode mountains. Very mag. t. 106. Thláspi umbellatum, Crantz. aust. 25.
like Ibèris Tenoreàna, but differing in the leaves being very
corymbosa, Monch. meth. 269. Flowers purplish.
smooth, not ciliated, and the flowers pure white; silicles dis-
Umbellate or Purple Candy-Tuft. Fl: June, Aug. Pl. i to 1 ft.
posed in very short, much-crowded racemes.
11 I. LAGASCA'NA (D.C. syst. 2. p. 400.) herbaceous, pilosely-
Pruitian Candy-Tuft. Pl. { foot.
pubescent; leaves oblong, somewhat spatulate, toothed at the
3 I. TENOREA'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 404.) stems suffrutescent
top; pods somewhat corymbose, acutely 2-lobed. O. H. Na-
p.
at the base ; leaves somewhat fleshy, crenated, lower ones obovate,
tive of Spain in mountainous places in the province of Valentia,
narrowed at the base and - ciliated, upper ones oblong-linear ;
and in the vicinity of Hellin in the province of Murcia. Ibèris
pods emarginate, somewhat corymbose. h.H. Native of Naples spatulàta, Lag. fl
. hisp. ined. but not of Berg. Flowers white?
.
near St. Angelo and on Mount Vellino in Abruzzo. Sweet,
Lagasca's Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 foot.
.
brit. fl. gard. t. 88. bot. mag. t. I. cepeæfòlia, Tenore, prod. § 3. Herbàceo-racemosa. Fructiferous pedicels racemose. Stems
fl. nap. p. 37. but not of Lin. Flowers purplish or whitish, herbaceous. Annual or biennial plants.
umbellate. Stems ascendant. A beautiful plant
..
Tenore's Candy-Tuft. Fl. May, July. Člt. 1822. Pl. į ft. 12 I. ODORA'TA (Lin. spec. 906.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves
$ 2. Herbàceo-corymbosa. Fructiferous pedicels corymbose
. linear, toothed, ciliated at the base, dilated at the top ; pods
Stems herbaceous. Annual or biennial plants.
roundish, emarginate, lobes acute, spreading, shorter than the
4 I. SPATULA'TA (Berg. phyt. icon. D. C. A. fr. 4. p. 716.) hist. 2. p. 132. f. 1. Like Ibèris pinnàta.
style. O. H. Native of Crete. Sweet, br. fl. gard. t. 50.—Clus.
Flowers white,
herbaceous, smooth ; leaves spatulate, entire, rather fleshy; pods
sweet-scented.
corymbose, emarginate, with an acute, narrow notch.
Ο. Η.
Sweet-scented Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1806. Pl. I to 1 ft.
Native of the Pyrenees in calcareous stony places, irrigated at 13 I. PINNA'TA (Gouan. hort. monsp. 319.) herbaceous,
certain seasons from the melting of snow. Ibèris cepeæfòlia, smooth ; leaves pinnatifid ; racemes corymbose, but after flower-
Pourr. act. toul. 3. p. 321. but not of Wulf. Ibèris rotundifòlia, ing a little elongated. O. H. Native of Spain, south of France,
Lam. dict. 3. p. 221. but not of Lin. Ibèris carnosa, Willd. spec. and Italy, in corn-fields.-Lob. icon. t. 217. f. 2.-Dalech. lugd.
3. p. 455. Flowers purplish. Seed thick, rufous-brown.
.
652. f. 2. Flowers white, sweet-scented, corymbose. Calyx
Spatulate-leaved Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. Z ft. a little violaceous.
5 I. NA'NA (All. auct. p. 15. t. 2. f. 1.) herbaceous, smooth ; Var. B, crenata (Lam. dict. 3. p. 213.) leaves deeply-cre-
leaves roundish-spatulate, entire, somewhat fleshy ; pods corym- nated.
bose, emarginate, with a broadish blunt notch. .H. Native
Pinnate-leaved Candy-Tuft. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1596. Pl. ft.
on rocky mountains in Piedmont, Dauphiny, Provence, &c. 14 I. INTERME'DIA (Guersent, in bull. philom. no. 82. t. 21.)
Ibèris Aurósica, Vill. delph. 1. p. 349. 3. p. 289. Flowers herbaceous; leaves lanceolate, smooth, blunt, entire, or the
purple. Petioles never ciliated as in the preceding plant. radical ones are a little toothed; flowers finally racemose ; pods
Dwarf Candy-Tuft. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. I foot.
1
6 I. VIOLA CEA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 85.)
ovate, truncate, or very broadly emarginated. .H. Native
herbaceous, smoothish ; leaves stalked, spatulate, blunt, toothed,
on calcareous rocks along the Seine between Rouen and Duc-
lair. Intermediate between 1. amàra and I. umbellata. Flowers
or quite entire, ciliated ; corymbs somewhat umbellate ; calyx white.
hairy on the back. O. H. Native of Flowers violet.
Intermediate Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. i to 1 ft.
Violet-coloured Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1782. Pl. 1 ft.
15 I. AMA'RA (Lin. spec. 906.) herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate,
7 I. Tau'rica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 402.) herbaceous, smoothish; acute, somewhat toothed; flowers corymbose, finally racemose ;
leaves ciliated, somewhat fleshy, lower ones spatulate, somewhat
bidentate at the apex, upper ones linear ; pods corymbose, emar-
pods orbicular, narrowly emarginate. O. H. Native of Europe,
from Portugal to Germany, and from England to Italy, frequent
ginate ; lobules of pod blunt, shorter than the style. 8. H. Na-
tive of Tauria and Caucasus on stony hills. Ibèris ciliàta, Willd.
among corn; in England about Henley and other places in Ox-
fordshire ; about Wallingford, Berkshire, undoubtedly wild.
spec. 3. p. 445. but not of All. Ibèris símplex, D.C. fl. fr.
.
suppl. p. 597. Thláspi saxátile, Habl. taur. p. 157. Very like
Smith, engl. bot. t. 52. Flowers white; sepals with membra-
Ibèris amàra and I. ciliàta. Flowers white. Leaves ciliated.
nous margins. The whole plant has a nauseous bitter taste.
Var.ß, ruficaúlis (Lejeun. fl. spa. 2. p. 58.) leaves narrower,
Taurian Candy-Tuft. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1802. Pl. I to ft. ciliated. Habit smal'er. Stem villous with rufous down.
8 I. CILIA'TA (All. auct. p. 15. but not of Willd.) herbaceous, Bitter Candy-Tuft. Fl. June, July. England. Pl. į to 1 foot.
smoothish ; leaves linear, entire, ciliated at the base ; pods co-
rymbose, emarginate, lobules blunt, equal in length with the § 4. Frutescénti-racemosa. Fructiferous pedicels racemose.
style. 8. H. Native of Nice and Provence, on rocks. Ibèris Stems frutescent. Evergreen plants.
-
a
1

CRUCIFERÆ. XL. IBERIS. XLI. THYSANOCARPUS.
.
195
-
-
-
16 I. CONFE'RTA (Lag. varied. 2. no. 22. 1805. p. 213.) stem corymbose. K.H. Native of Cappadocia. Petals obovate,
suffrutescent, dwarf; leaves subradical much crowded, somewhat white. Flowers at first corymbose.
linear, acute, smooth ; scape naked, racemiferous. Þ.H. Na-
Cappadocian Candy-Tuft. Pl. ] foot.
tive of Spain in the mountains of Leone, and among bushes near 25 I. GIBRALTA'RICA (Lin. spec. 905.) frutescent ; leaves
Arva. Flowers white, younger ones corymbose, afterwards wedge-shaped, blunt, somewhat toothed at the top, rather ciliat-
becoming racemose. Stems diffuse, procumbent, glaucous, ed; flowers corymbose. h. G. Native of Gibraltar. Curt.
,
as well as younger leaves. Deless, icon. sel. 2. t. 54.
bot. mag. t. 124. Ibèris dentàta, Monch. suppl. 88. Very like
Crowded-leaved Candy-Tuft. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl. foot. I. semperflòrens. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers white, with a
17 I. GARREXIA'NA (All. ped. no. 920. t. 40. f. 3. and t. 54. few of them suffused with red.
f. 2.) frutescent ; leaves oblong, narrowed at the base, blunt, Gibraltar Candy-Tuft. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1732. Pl. I to ft.
quite entire, smooth ; flowers corymbose. . H.
h. H. Native of
sunny mountainous stony places in Piedmont about Garrexius Sect. II. IBERIDA'STRUM (altered from Ibèris.) D. C. prod. 1.
and Tenda, in the Apennines and in the eastern and central p. 181. Radicle horizontal : Seeds somewhat margined. Dis-
Pyrenees. Ibèris sempervìrens B, Willd. spec. 3. p. 453. Ibèris sepiment almost double. Seed nearly as in Biscutélla, and
sempervirens, Lapeyr, abr. p. 370.-Barrel. icon. t. 734,-Mor. therefore perhaps a proper genus (Andrz.) but from its habit it
oxon. 2. p. 297. sect. 3. t. 18. f. 26. Flowers white. Inter- is retained with Ibèris.
mediate between I. sempervirens and I. saxatilis, with the 26 I. SEMPERFLO'RENS (Lin. spec. 904.) frutescent ; leaves
character of the first, but assuming the habit of the latter. Stems cuneated or spatulate, rather fleshy, blunt, quite entire, smooth ;
branched.
flowers corymbose ; pods truncate, and somewhat emarginate at
Garrexian Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. {to i ft. the top, with obsolete lobules. h.G. Native of Sicily on rocks
18 I. SEMPERVIRENS (Lin. spec. 905.) frutescent; leaves ob- about Palermo, &c., and flowering throughout the year in its
long, blunt, narrowed at the base, smooth ; flowers in long place of natural growth. I. cuneata, Moench. meth. 269. I.
racemes ; pods emarginate, with a narrow notch. h.H. Native hùmilis, Presl. ex Spreng.–Weinm. phyt. t. 973. f. c.-Seba.
of Crete on rocks. Smith. Al. græc. t. 620. Ib. sempervirens var. thes. 1. p. 2. t. 13. f. 4.-Bocc. sic. 55. t. 29. f. a. j.-Mor.
B, Lam. dict. 3. p. 220. var. 7,
Willd.
spec. 3. p. 453.- Barrel. oxon. 2. t. 25. f. 5. Flowers white, sweet-scented.
icon. t. 214. Flowers white.
Ever-flowering Candy-Tuft. Fl.Jan.Dec. Clt.1679. Pl. 1 or 2 ft.
Evergreen Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1731. Pl. to 1 ft.
19 I. SUBVELUTI'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 397.) frutescent; leaves
of Species not sufficiently known.
linear, acute, quite entire, somewhat velvety on both surfaces 27 I.? LINEARIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 405.) smooth ; stem
from short hairs; flowers becoming racemose. Þ.H. Native erect; leaves linear, quite entire ; pods bifid, racemose.-Native
of Spain in dry mountainous places about the town of Aranjuez of New Holland at Swan River Lépia linifòlia, Desv. jour.
,
and elsewhere. Ibèris sempervirens, Lag. elench. hort. madr. bot. 3. p. 166 and 181. Flower white ?
p. 19. no. 253. Like I. saxatilis and I. Garrexiàna. Stems Linear-leaved Candy-Tuft. Pl. 1 foot ?
much branched. Flowers white.
28 I. PYRENA'ICA (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 370.) herbaceous, smooth;
Velvety Candy-Tuft. Fl. April, June. Pl. to 1 foot. leaves elliptical, quite entire, lower ones opposite; pods broadly
20 I. PUBE'SCENS (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 43.) frutescent; emarginate, racemose. O. H. Native of the Pyrenees in the
leaves ciliated, blunt, linear-spatulate, lower ones toothed at the valley Gistain, near Sin. Flowers numerous, naked, white,
top; flowers corymbose, afterwards becoming somewhat race- racemose. Stem reddish, branched, erect.
h. H. Native of ? Flowers shewy, pale-violet. Stems Pyrenean Candy-Tuft. Fl. June, July. Pl. to 1 foot.
many, rising from the root, procumbent.
Cult. The whole of the species of this genus are very orna-
Pubescent Candy-Tuft. Fi. Ap. June. Clt. 1821. Pl. foot. mental, and deserve to be cultivated in every garden. The
21 I. SAXA'TILIS (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 321.) frutescent; leaves annual and biennial sorts may be all sown in open flower-
linear, quite entire, somewhat fleshy, acute, ciliated; flowers borders, where they will flower and ripen their seed: if sown at
corymbose. h.H. Native of the south of Europe on hills in several different times through the summer a succession of
places exposed to the sun, particularly in the Pyrenees, Pro- flowers may be kept up, until the frost destroys them. Many of
vence, and Sicily, &c. Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 177. f. 1. Ibèris the species will continue to bloom throughout a mild winter, if
Garrexiàna, Scop. del. ins. 1. p. 16. t. 7.-Mor. oxon. 2. p. the seeds are sown in August. The shrubby species are well
298. sect. 3. t. 18. f. 31.-Garid. aix. p. 466. t. 101. Stems as-
-
adapted for ornamenting rock-work, or the front of flower-bor-
cendant. Flowers white.
ders, as they flower profusely. Cuttings of these will root
Rock Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ap. Ju. Cit. 1739. Pl. 1 to į foot. freely if planted under a hand-glass in common garden mould, or
22 I. CORIFO'LIA (Sweet. hort. brit. p. 22.) frutescent; leaves they may be increased by seeds. The two green-house species
linear, very entire, somewhat fleshy, blunt, smooth ; flowers 1. Gibraltárica and I. semperflòrens, grow freely in any light
corymbose. ħ. H. Native of Sicily on mount Ventosa. Ibèris rich soil, and young cuttings planted in the same sort of soil un-
saxatilis , corifòlia, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1642. D. C. syst. 2. p. der a hand-glass will root freely.
B
396.-Clus. hist. 2. p. 132. icone, Ibèris saxatilis, Lin. herb.
Stems decumbent. Flowers white.
XLI. THYSANO'CARPUS (from Ovoavos, thysanos, a fringe,
Coris-leaved Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ap. Ju. Clt. 1739. Pl. 1 to 1 ft. and kapros, karpos, a fruit; broad fringed pods.) Hook A.
23 I. VERMICULA'TA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 454.) frutescent; leaves
.
bor. amer. t. 18. f. A.
linear, quite entire, somewhat fleshy, blunt, somewhat ciliated ; LIN. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa.. Silicle obovate, emar-
flowers corymbose ; lobes of pod bluntish and somewhat dilated. ginate at the apex, with a thick style in the recess, 1-2-celled ;
h. H. Native of Tauria. Ibèris saxatilis, Pall. Ibèris saxá- cells 1-seeded, with navicular keeled valves. Seeds not mar-
tilis y, vermiculàta, D. C. syst. 2. p. 396. Stems ascendant. gined. Stamens naked. Petals much shorter than the sepals.
Flowers white.
A small annual plant, with narrow, obtuse, runcinate, rosulate,
Vermiculate-leaved Candy-Tuft. Fl. Ap. June. Pl. I to į ft. radical leaves, and a few linear-lanceolate entire, rather stem-
24 I. CAPPADO’CICA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 452.) frutescent ; leaves clasping cauline ones, one under each branch or raceme.
strigose, lower ones spatulate, upper ones linear acute; flowers Racemes elongated.
mose.
-
C c 2

196
CRUCIFERÆ. XLII, BISCUTELLA.
p. 181.
1 T. RUNCINA'TUS (Hook. l. c.) O. H. Native of North
)
D. C. syst. 2. p. 409. prod. 1.
409. prod. 1. p. 181. Med. gen. nov. t. 1. f. 5.
p
.
America, probably on the Rocky Mountains.
from Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 38. Calyxes equal at the base. Glands
Runcinate-leaved Thysanocarpus. Pl. 1 foot.
on the receptacle, hardly elevated.
Cult. An insignificant plant of easy culture; the seeds only
require to be sown in the open border early in spring.
§ 1. Annuæ. Plants annual.
5 B. LYRA'TA (Lin. mant. 354.) pods pilose, hispid in their
XLII. BISCUTE'LLA (from bis, double, and scutella, a sau- disks; radical leaves lyrate. O. H. Native of Portugal,
cer; in allusion to the form of its silicles.) Lin. gen. no. 808. Spain, Calabria, Sicily near Palermo, north of Africa near Tan-
Gært. fruct. 2. p. 278. t. 141. D. C. syst. 2. p. 406. prod. 1. giers, &c.—Bocc. sic. 45. t. 23. A very polymorphous species.
Lyre-leaved Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1799,
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle flat, biscutate, Pl. 1 to 11 foot.
(f. 46. m.) with orbicular 1-seeded cells, which are laterally 6 B. RAPHANIPOʻLIA (Poir. voy. har. 2. p. 198.) pods even,
united to the axis. Style long, permanent (f. 46. m.). Seed glabrous; radical leaves lyrate. 0. H. Native of Sicily near
compressed. Embryo inverted. Perennial or annual herbs,
Perennial or annual herbs, Palermo, and in Mauritania. B. laxiflòra, Presl. ex Spreng. Dif-
usually hispid, but sometimes downy or smoothish, with oblong fering from B. lyràta in the pods being very smooth, not hispid,
entire, toothed or pinnatifid, somewhat radical or cauline leaves, and perhaps the leaves are less cut.
and round erect stems, which are usually somewhat corymbosely Radish-leaved Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
branched at the top by racemes, which when in flower are short, Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
but when in fruit elongated ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers 7 B. MARGINA'TA (Tenore, fl. nap. p. 38,) silicles scabrous on
yellow, scentless.
both surfaces, with brownish margins; stem almost naked ;
leaves pilose, lyrate; lobes blunt, with the terminal one very
Sect. I. IONDRA'BA (from lov, ion, a violet, and Dràba, Whit- large, bidentate. O?H. Native of Naples.
low-Grass.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 407. prod. 1. p. 181.-Med.
.
Marginate-podded Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June,
Fl. June, July. Clt.
gen. nov. t. 1. f. 14. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 37. Calyx 2-
Calyx 2- 1820. Pl. , foot.
spurred at the base. Glands on the torus, very prominent.
8 B. MARITIMA (Tenore, prod. fl. nap. p. 38. fl. nap. t. 61.)
1 B. AURICULA'TA (Lin. spec. 911.) calyxes bluntly 2-spurred; pods smooth, with ciliated margins; radical leaves lyrate. O.
pods smooth, rough in the centre from elevated dots, with the H. Native of Goat's Island and about Fondi in Naples, by the
lobes meeting over the style at the top. O. H. Native of Por- sea-side. Very like the two preceding species, but nevertheless
tugal, Spain, south of France, southern parts of Germany, Sicily, it differs in the pods being not smooth all over, nor pilosely-
and Mauritania, in cultivated fields. D. C. diss. no. 1. t. 1. f. 2. hispid, but smooth in their disks, and ciliated along their mar-
.
Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1821. t. 182. Berg. phyt. 3. p. 55. icon. gins in a longitudinal line.
Clypeola auriculàta, Crantz. cruc. p. 93. B. auriculata B, Lam. Sea-side Buckler-Mustard. FI. June, July. Clt. 1824. Pl.
dict. 3. p. 617. illust. t. 570. f. 2. Flowers pale yellow.
1 to 17 foot.
Eared-calyxed Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1683. 9 B.CILIATA (D. C. diss. no. 9. syst. 2. p. 410.) pods smooth
Pl. I to 2 feet.
in the disk, but ciliated on the margins; stem erect, elongated,
2 B. ERIGERIFO'LIA (D. C. diss. no. 3. t. 1. f. 1.) calyxes leafy ; leaves sessile, oblong, remotely toothed. O.H. Native
acutely 2-spurred; pods smooth, almost meeting over the style of Italy and Spain. B. coronopifòlia, Willd. spec. 3. p. 474.
at the top (f. 46. m.). O. H. Native of Spain, frequent in corn- D. C. icon. gall. rar. 1. p. 12. t. 39. but not of Linnæus. B.
fields. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 55. B. auriculàta var. a, Lam. dict. A'pula, Lam. dict. 3. p. 618. exclusive of the synonyms. B.
2.
p. 617. exclusive of the synonyms. B. Orcelitàna, Lag. fl. hisp. dídyma, Willd. enum. 2. p. 673.
ined. Like B. auriculàta, but differing in the spurs of calyx Ciliated-podded Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1790.
being acute, not blunt.
Pl. 1 foot.
Erigeron-leaved Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. 10 B. DEPRE'SSA (Willd. enum. 2. p. 673.) pods smooth in the
Pl. 1 foot.
disk, but ciliated at the margins; stem dwarf, somewhat diffuse;
3 B. HI'SPIDA (D. C. diss. no. 3. t. 1. f. 1.) calyxes acutely 2- leaves oblong-obovate, cuneated at the base, remotely toothed.
spurred; pods smooth, rough in the disk from elevated dots, not O. H. Native of Egypt in the deserts of Alexandria. D. C.
overhanging the style at the top; stem hispid. O. H. Native diss. no. 10. B. pumila, Balb. cat. hort. taur.
of Provence, Piedmont, and probably throughout Italy, on stantly ciliated at their margins along the sutural line. Perhaps
mountains in places exposed to the sun. Sims, bot. mag. 2444. only a variety of B. ciliàta.
B. macrocarpa, Hort.-Barrel. icon. 230 and 1219.-Col. ecphr. Depressed Buckler-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. ft.
2. p. 49. t. 61.--Mor. oxon, 2. p. 247. sect. 3. t. 9. f.7. Plant
.
11 B. MICROCA'RPA (D. C. diss. no. 11. syst. 2. p. 411.) pods
hispid with crowded hairs.
with hispid disks and ciliated margins ; stem almost naked,
Hispid Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. much branched ; leaves almost all radical oblong, sinuately-
1 to 1{ foot.
toothed. O. H. Native of Andalusia on the rock of Gibraltar
4 B. CICHORIITO'LIA (Lois. add. p. 167.) calyxes rather acutely about St. Roch. B. tumídula, Lag. fl. hisp. ined. Flowers small,
2-spurred; pods smooth, rough in the centre from elevated dots, in long racemes.
not overhanging the style at the top; stem villous.
2. H.
Small-fruited Buckler-Mustard. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl.14 ft.
Native of stony places exposed to the sun, at the bottom of 12 B. ERIOCA'RPA (D. C. diss. no. 12. t. 9. f. 2. syst. 2. p.
the central Pyrenees, not far from the Bagneres de Luchon. D. 411.) pods pilosely-hispid in the disk; stem erect, simple ;
C. diss. no. 4. t. 2. B. picridifolia var. Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 373. leaves oblong-cuneated, somewhat toothed. O. H. Gathered
Stems branched, rather reddish. Leaves runcinately-pinnatifid. beyond Spain on a journey to Mogodor by Broussonet. Pods
Flowers large.
the size of those of B. A pula.
Succory-leaved Buckler-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Woolly-fruited Buckler-Mustard. Fl.Ju.Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. ft.
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
13 B. COLU’MNÆ (Tenore, prod. fl. nap. p. 38.) pods sca-
brous on the disks and margins with short hairs; radical leaves
Sect. II. Tulaspi'DJUM (from thlaspi, and eidos, eidos, like.) obovately-cuneated, acute, toothed ; stem almost naked, hispid at

CRUCIFERÆ. XLII. BISCUTELLA.
197
3
3
7,
the base. O. H. Native of Apulia or Puglia and Lucania. B. Buckhorn-leaved Buckler-Mustard. Fl. Jun. July. Clt. 1790.
dídyma L. Lin. spec. 911.—Col. ecphr. 1. p. 283. t. 284. f. 1.- Pl. Į to å foot.
Mor.oxon. 2. p. 249. sect. 3. t. 9. f. 12. Very like B. eriocárpa 21 B. AMBIGUA (D. C. diss. no. 23. t. 11. f. 1. syst. 2. p.
and B. A pula, but differing in the pods being twice the size. 415.) pods smooth, even ; leaves pilosely-scabrous, radical ones
There is a variety of this with sinuately-lyrate leaves.
sinuately-toothed, narrowed at the base, cauline ones very few,
Columna's Buckler-Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 ft. somewhat cordate at the base and half stem-clasping. 4. H.
14 B. A'PULA (Lin. mant. 254.) pods rough in the disks and Native of Nice, south of France, and Spain, in sterile places ex-
margins with small hairs; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; stem posed to the sun.
leafy, branched, hairy. O. H. Native of the mountains of Var. a, revolūta ; leaves with the recesses of the teeth revo-
Italy, Naples, and Greece. Lam. ill. t. 560. f. 1. but not of his lute.
lute. B. coronopifòlia, Lin. mant. 255.?
dict. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1824. t. 182. Smith, fl. græc. t. Var. B, plāna ; leaves with the recesses of the teeth flat.
629. Flowers small. Pods approximate. D. C. diss. no. 15. Ambiguous Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
syst. 2. p. 412.
Pl. ] to foot.
Apulian Buckler-Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1710. Pl. 1 ft. 22 B. SAXA'TILIS (Schleich. cent. exsic. no. 69.) pods smooth,
15 B. LEIOCA'RPA (D. C. diss. no. 16. syst. 2. p. 413.) pods rough with elevated dots on the disk ; leaves rough with hairs,
smooth ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; stem leafy, bairy, branched. generally radical, oblong. 4. H. Native of the south of Eu-
O. H. Native of the Levant. B. A'pula, Gært. fruct. 2. p. rope, in barren mountainous places, particularly in Transylvania,
279. t. 141. Very like B. A' pula, but differing in the fruit being Italy, south of France, and Spain. D. C. diss. no. 24. t. 10.
very smooth, not rough, &c. This plant was formerly cultivated Var. a, B. longifolia (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 305.) leaves entire.
in the jardin des plantes, Paris, under the name of B. orientális. Var. B, B. móllis (Lois. not. p. 168.) leaves deeply-toothed or
Smooth-podded Buckler-Mustard. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1816. sinuately-pinnatifid.
Pl. 1 foot.
Var. B. intermèdia (Gouan. ill. p. 42.) leaves toothed,
16 B. OBOVA'TA (Hort. par. D. C. diss. no. 18. syst. 2. p. stem very dwarf. B. depressa, Thom. pl. exsic. A very vari-
413.) pods smooth ; leaves sub-radical obovate, grossly toothed, able species, and only can be distinguished by the pods being
and narrowed into the petiole, smoothish. O. H. Native of ? rough on the disk from elevated dots.
Very like B. montàna, but differing in the root being annual, not Rock Buckler-Mustard. Fl. Jun. Aug. Clt. 1819. Pl. I to ft.
perennial.
23 B. SEMPERVI'RENS (Lin. mant. 255.) pods smooth, rough
Obovate-leaved Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt 1818. on the disk with elevated dots; leaves generally radical, erect;
Pl. 1 foot.
linear-lanceolate, hoary, almost entire. 4. H. Native of Spain,
ş. 2 Perénnes. Plants perennial.
in the province of Valentia ; also in Portugal in Estremadura.
B. anchusæfòlia, Turr. giorn. venez. t. 1. from Vittm. sumn. 4.
17 B. MONTA'NA (Cav. icon. 2. p. 50. t. 177.) pods smooth, p. 33.-Barrel. icon. t. 841.-Bocc. mus. 2. p. 167. t. 122.
even ; leaves nearly all radical obovate-cuneated, toothed, downy. Evergreen Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1784.
4. H. Native of Spain, in Valentia, on rocks. D. C. diss. no. Pl. Į to foot.
17. Stems many from the same root.
2. B. TOMENTO'sa (Lag. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. 416.) pods
.
Mountain Buckler-Mustard. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1820. finely pubescent and rough with dots; leaves oblong, narrowed
Pl. to foot.
3
at the base, repand-toothed, soft, downy; those on the branches
18 B. LÆVIGA'TA (Lin, mant. 225.), pods smooth, even ; leaves stem-clasping. 4. H. Native of Spain, on mountains, grow-
nearly all radical, pilose, scabrous, oblong, somewhat toothed or ing in chinks of rocks. Stems woody at the base.
entire, cauline ones linear, few, quite entire. 4. H. Native of Tomentose Buckler-Mustard. Fl. Jun. July. Pl. to 1 foot.
mountains in places exposed to the sun, in the Alps of Europe,
25 B. STENOPHY'LLA (Duf. in ann. gen. 7. p. 299.) pods
particularly in the Pyrenees, Jura, &c. Jacq. aust. t. 339. icon. rough on the disk with dots, smooth ; petals furnished with 2-
rar. p. 11. t. 38. Schrank. fl. mon. 1. t. 94. Bois. fl. eur. t. 447. auricles ; radical leaves hispid with rigid hairs, lanceolate-linear,
B. dídyma, Scop. carn. no. 804. Clypèola dídyma, Crantz. remotely toothed, or rather somewhat pinnatifid; stems almost
aust. p. 20.
naked and rather simple. 2. H. Native of Spain, in Valentia.
Var. f, B. alpestris; Waldst. ex. Kit. pl. rar. hung. 3. p. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from B. coronopifolia and B. sax-
253. t. 228. Native of Hungary.
atilis.
Var. Y, B. glabra (Clairv. herb. val. 216.) a very common
7
Narrow-petalled Buckler-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821.
plant, easily distinguished from the rest.
Pl. i to 1 foot.
Smoothed Buckler-Mustard. Fl. Mar. My. Clt. 1790. Pl. 1 ft.
19 B. LUCIDA (D. C. diss. no. 20. t. 7. syst. 2. p. 414.) pods
of Species hardly known.
smooth, even ; leaves smooth, for the most part radical.
Native of Abruzzo, in Naples, on mountains. Plant easily distin- 26 B. MA'JOR (Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1822.) calyx laterally
guished from the rest by its smooth shining leaves.
gibbous ; pods smooth, veiny.
dentàta ; lower leaves toothed. B. lùcida, Balb. hort. Larger Buckler-Mustard. Fl. ? Pl. 2 feet?
27 B. ANGUSTIFOʻLIA (Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1823.) calyxes
Var. B, integrifolia ; lower leaves entire. B. spatulàta, Lam.
B. spatulàta, Lam. laterally gibbous ; pods warted, rough.
dict. 3. p. 620.— Barrel. icon. t. 254.
Narrow-leaved Buckler-Mustard. Pl. 1 foot.
Shining-leaved Buckler-Mustard. Fl. Jun, Jul. Clt.? Pl. 1 ft. Cult. These are pretty plants with yellow flowers. The pe-
20 B. CORONOPIFO'LIA (Ail. ped. no. 907.) pods smooth, rennial species are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work, or
even ; leaves pilosely-scabrous, for the most part radical, pinnati- the front of flower-borders; they prefer a dry sunny situa-
fid, with 2 or 3 remote lobes on each side. 2. H. Native of tion. The annual kinds should be sown in the open borders, and
,
Spain, south of France, and Piedmont, in sterile places of moun- if sown at different times throughout the season a succession of
tains exposed to the sun. Sisymbrium Valentinum, Lin. spec. flowers may be kept up.
be kept up.. A light sandy soil suits them all best,
920.? exclusive of the synonyms. B. dídyma, var. X. Gouan. ill. and as they all produce seeds in abundance they are therefore
p. 41.-D. C. diss. no. 22. t. 18.
easily increased.
3
4
4. H.
Var, a,
taur

4. H.
198 CRUCIFERÆ. XLIII. MEGACARPÆA. XLIV. CREMOLOBUS. XLV. MENONVILLEA. XLVI. EUCLIDIUM.
. . .
XLIII. MEGACARPÆ'A (from peyas, megas, great, and XLV. MENONVILLEA (in honour of N. C. Thiery de
kaptos, karpos, a fruit ; pods large). D. C. syst. 2. p. 417. prod. Menonville, who introduced into Spanish America the Cactus
1. p. 183.
Coccinellifera as well as the Cochineal.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 419.
LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle flat, biscutate, prod. 1. p.
184.
emarginate at each end. Cells much compressed, 1-seeded, LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle somewhat sti-
.
winged on the margin and united laterally to the axis. Style pitate, biscutate (f. 46.n.). Cells with the margin expanded into
none. Radicle, ascendant. Perennial herbs, with a scaly neck and a wing, and as if it were finishing the parallel disk (f. 46. n.). An
multifid leaves. Flowers in panicles small, perhaps yellow. Pods
herb with a thick root and radical linear leaves, and terminal ra-
large.
cemes with bractless pedicels and dark or sad-coloured flowers.
1 M. LACINIA’TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 417.) leaves villous ; ra- 1 M. LINEARIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 420.) 2. G. Native of
dical ones stalked, pinnate-parted, with deeply toothed or cut Peru and Chili. Radical leaves linear, entire, but sometimes, al-
lobes.
Native of Siberia, in the Kirghisian-steppe, though rarely, grossly and irregularly toothed towards the top.
and on the gypsaceous hills in the desert called Arsagar, beyond Petals linear, twice the length of the calyx. Deless. icon. sel. 2.
the river Volga. Biscutella megalocárpa, Fisch. in litt. D. C. p. 56. The colours of the flowers are nearly like those of Héspe-
diss. bisc. no. 5. t. 3. Flowers small, but not sufficiently known.
ris tristis.
Stem furnished at the neck with the vestiges of the petioles of
Linear-leaved Menonvillea. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 foot.
preceding year.
Cult. Menonvillea is not worth cultivating except in botanical
Jagged-leaved Megacarpæa. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
Clt. 1818. gardens. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat will answer it well ;
Pl. 4 to 1 foot.
and it should be increased by seeds.
† Species not sufficiently known.
Tribe IV.
2 M. ANGULA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 418.) leaves smooth, en-
tire, or repand-toothed. 2.? H.? Native of Siberia. The EUCLIDIEÆ (plants agreeing in important characters with
description of this plant has been taken from a very incomplete Euclidium,) or PLEURORHI'ZEÆ (See Sub-Order I.) NU-
specimen, by De Candolle, but from it, it is evident, that it is a CAMENTA'CEÆ (from nucamentum, a catkin; pods.) D. C.
species of Megacarpa'a, and very distinct from M. laciniàta. syst. 2. p. 420. prod. 1. p. 184.
184. Silicle indehiscent, with con-
Angular-leaved Megacarpæa. Pl. 1 foot.
cave, indistinct (f. 46. d.), or not separating valves, and some-
Cult. These plants are well adapted for rock-work. They times with hardly any trace of a dissepiment. Seeds oval, very
can only be increased by seeds.
few. Cotyledons flat, accumbent, parallel with the dissepiment
(f. 45. g. h.) when there is any.
XLIV. CREMO'LOBUS (from kpepaw, kremao, to suspend,
κρεμαω,
and lwbos, lobos, a pod ; cells hanging from the axis.) Ď. C.
XLVI. EUCLI'DIUM (from ev, eu, well, and Kladow,
syst. 2. p. 418. prod. 1. p. 184.
kleidoo, to shut up; because of the well-closed seed-pods.)
LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle stalked, flat; R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 74. D. C. syst. 2. p. 421.
biscutate. Cells marginate, hanging from the top or end of the prod. 1.
axis. Style somewhat pyramidal. Seed solitary in each cell.
.
LIN. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle ovate, drupaceous,
Radicle ascending. Smooth herbs or sub-shrubs with round with manifest sutures. Style subulate (f. 46. d.). Cells 1-seeded.
stems, and ovate or oblong, serrated, or somewhat entire cauline Annual herbs with slender roots and round branched stems, and
leaves, and many-flowered elongated racemes, with bractless fili- pinnate-lobed, stalked, radical leaves, and oblong or linear, en-
form pedicels and yellow flowers.
tire or toothed stem ones, with somewhat spicate erect racemes,
1 C. PERUVIA'NUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 419.) stems suffrutes- which are opposite the leaves, and small white bractless flowers.
cent; leaves ovate, serrated; style shorter than the pedicel of the 1 E. SYRACUM (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 74.)
fruit. h. G. Native of Guayaquil, and Chili. Biscutella, pods scabrous; style subulate, permanent (f.46.d.); cauline leaves
Lam. dict. 3. p. 620. D. C. diss. bisc. no. 6. t. 4. Leaves 2 or stalked, lanceolate. O. H. Native of Syria, Tauria, Iberia,
3 inches long;
Podolia, Moldavia, Transylvania, and Austria, among rubbish,
Peruvian Cremolobus. Pl. 1 or 2 feet.
and in sandy cultivated places. Bùnias Syriaca, Gært. fruct. 2.
2 C. SUFFRUTICO'sus (D. C. syst. 2. p. 419.) stem suffrutes- p. 290. t. 141. f. 11. Anastática Syriaca, Lin. spec. 895. Jacq.
cent; leaves oval-oblong, serrated ; style longer than the pedicel austr. 1. p. 7. t. 6. Anastática Hierochuntina, Crantz. aust.
of the fruit. h.G. Native of Peru. Biscutella suffruticosa, p. 7. not of Lin. Myàgrum rostratum, Scop. carn. ed. 2. no.
D. C. diss. bisc. no. 7. t. 5. Easily distinguished from C.Chilén- 797. t. 35. Myàgrum Syriacum, Lam. dict. 1. p. 570. no. 9.
sis in the stems being frutescent, not herbaceous, as well as in Myàgrum rígidum, Pall. itin. 3. append. no. 104. t. L.l. f. 1.
having broader, more serrated leaves.
and t. M. m. f. 2. ed. gall. append. no. 343. t. 65. and t. 105.
Shrubby Cremolobus. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
f. 1. Hierochóntis Carniolica, Medik, in Ust. ann. new. 2. p.
3 C. CHILE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 419.) stem herbaceous ; 40. Bunias rostrata, Lher. cak. diss. ined. p. 9.
9. Sòria Syriaca,
leaves oblong, almost entire ; style somewhat longer than the pe- Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 168, exclusive of synonyms of Lam.
dicel of the fruit. O. H. Native of Chili. Biscutella, Lag. Flowers distant, disposed in spikes.
in litt. D. C. diss. bisc. no. 8. t. 6. Biscutella cuneata, Lag. Syrian Euclidium. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1778. Pl. } to 1 foot.
in hort, madr. 1815. p. 20.
.
2 E. TATA’RICUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 422.) pods smooth ; style
Chili Cremolobus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot. becoming deciduous; cauline leaves linear, sessile. O. H. Na-
Cult. The genus
.
Cremólobus is scarcely worth cultivating tive on hills about the Jaik, and in the deserts about Astra-
except in botanic gardens. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand, Vélla tenuíssima, Pall. itin. ed. gall. append. no. 344.
will suit the two green-house species well. The hardy annual t. 77. f. 2. Bunias Tatárica, Willd. spec. 3. p. 413. Myàgrum
kind should be sown in front of a south wall in the common Tatáricum, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 48. Flowers small, scarcely pedi-
earth, about the middle of April. The only way of increasing celled.
this genus is by seeds; however young cuttings of the two green- Tartarian Euclidium. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1820. Pl. } foot.
house species, when procured, may be tried under a hand-glass. Cult. This genus is not worth cultivating except in botanic
p. 184.
can.

CRUCIFERÆ. XLVII. OCHTHODIUM. XLVIII. PUGIONUM. XLIX. ANASTATICA. L. MORETTIA.
199
gardens. The species only require to be sown in the open bor- ligneous, and smooth, with the branches crowded lattice-wise
der. A light sandy soil suits them best.
into a globular form. The leaves are oblong, and entire, the ra-
cemes are short, and placed opposite the leaves. The flowers
XLVII. OCHTHO'DIUM (from oxowồns,
are small, sessile, and white.
οχθωδης, ochthodes,
warted ; in allusion to the warted surface of the pods.) D. C.
1 A. HIEROCHUNTI'NA (Lin. spec. 895.). O. F. Native of
arid wastes in Egypt near Caira; Palestine, and Barbary ; on
syst. 2. p. 423. prod. 1. p. 184.
LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicles coriaceous,
roofs of houses and among rubbish in Syria; of Arabia in sandy
somewhat globose. Stigma sessile. Dissepiment thick. Cells
deserts on the coasts of the Red Sea. Jacq. vind. t. 58. Lam.
ill. t. 555. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1760. t. 179. good figure.
1-seeded. Cotyledons flat, oval-oblong, obliquely accumbent.
An annual, erect, branched herb, with pinnatifidly-lyrate lower
A. littoralis, Sal. prod. 266.-Lob. icon. 2. p. 203.- Moris. hist.
leaves, somewhat similar to those of Rape, and rather entire
2. p. 228. sect. 5. 7. 25. f. 2 & 3.–Weinm. phyt. t. 914. f. c. Stem
upper ones; with the stems pilose at base, and with elongated
much branched, somewhat dichotomous, dwarf. Leaves oblong
or ovate, narrowed at the base into the petiole. Pods somewhat
racemes, bractless short pedicels and yellow flowers.
1 0. ÆGYPTÌACUM D. C. syst. 2. p. 423.) O. H. Native
pubescent. The leaves fall off from the plant after flowering,
of Egypt and Syria. Bunias Ægyptiaca, Lin. syst. nat. 3. p. 231.
and the branches and branchlets become dry, hard, and ligneous,
and rise upwards and bend inwards at their points, hence they
Gmel. in Act. petrop. 12. p. 509. t. 9. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 145.
Myàgrum verrucosum, Lam. dict. 1. p. 570. no. 11. Rapístrum
become contracted into a globular form, and in this state the
plant is easily withdrawn from the sand by the wind and blown
Ægyptiacum, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 74. Eucli-
from the desert into the sea, and as soon as it comes in contact
dium Ægyptiacum, Andrz. cruc. ined. Radical leaves stalked.
with the water, the branches gradually expand, and the pods
Petals larger than the calyx.
open and relieve the seeds, which are thrown again upon the
Egyptian Ochthodium. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1787. Pl. À foot.
Cult. This plant is scarcely worth cultivating except in bota-
shore by the tide, and scattered with the sand through the desert
nic gardens. It only requires to be sown in the open border.
by the wind. If this plant is taken up before it is withered, and
A light sandy soil suits it best.
kept entire in a dry room, it may be long preserved, and after
being many years in this situation, if the root is placed in a glass
of water a few hours, the buds of flowers will swell, open, and
XLVIII. PUGIO'NUM (from pugio, a dagger ; resem- appear as if newly taken out of the ground, or it will recover its
blance in point of pods.) Gært. fruct. 2. p. 291. t. 142. D.C.
p
original form in the same manner if wholly immersed in water.
syst. 2. p. 424. prod. 1. p. 185.
p.
The common people in Palestine believe that if you put this
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa.
SYST
Silicle coriaceous, plant in water at the time when a woman first experiences the
transversely oval, echinated on all sides, and ending in a long, pains of child-birth, it will expand at the precise moment when
dagger-like point, 1-celled and 1-seeded from abortion. A the infant is brought into the world. The plant is called Kaf
smooth herb with linear, entire, half stem-clasping leaves, and Maryam or Mary's Flower in Palestine, because it is supposed
loose racemes of small white flowers.
that the flower opened at the instant our Saviour was born.
1 P. CORNUTUM (Gært. 1. c.) 0.? H. Native of the Le- Rose of Jericho or Holy Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1597. Pl. 1 ft.
vant and Siberia, in the desert of the Kalmucks, at the Caspian Cult. The seeds of this plant rarely ripen in England, unless
.
Sea. Búnias cornùta, Lin. spec. 935. Myagrum cornùtum, they be sown in a hot-bed early in the spring, and the plants
Lam. dict. 1. p. 571. Flowers hardly larger than those of afterwards put into pots which should be plunged again into the
Eróphila vérna. Petals narrow, quite entire. Leaves linear, hot-bed to bring them forward ; for although the seeds will come
somewhat tongue-shaped, glaucous.
up
in the open ground, where the soil is dry, yet the plants rarely
Horned-podded Pugionum. Fl. Jun. July. Pl. į foot ? rise to any size, nor do they perfect seeds unless the summer is
Cult. This plant is hardly worth cultivating except in botanic very hot and dry; but if the plants are kept in a frame, giving
gardens. It only requires to be sown in the open border, in a them free air in warm weather, they will flower in June and ripen
warm dry situation. A light sandy soil will suit it best.
their seeds in September. This plant is only grown in the
gardens of the curious for its singularity.
Tribe V.
L. MORE TTIA (in honour. of J. L. Moretti, an Italian
ANASTATI'CEÆ (plants agreeing in important characters
botanist). D. C. syst. 2. p. 426. prod. 1. p. 185.
p
.
with Anastática.) or PČEURORHI'ŽEÆ (See Sub-Order I.)
SEPTULATÆ (a dim. of septum, a dissepiment ; dissepiment
LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle ovate, with the
small.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 424. prod. 1. p. 185.
valves not appendiculated at the end. Petals linear. A branched
185. Silicle opening
herb, beset with fascicled-stellate grey hairs. Leaves obovate,
longitudinally (f. 46. F.), with concave valves, bearing internally
apices.
cuneated at their base, and grossly toothed at their
transverse, horizontal dissepiments, which separate the seeds (f.
46. f.). Seeds not margined. Cotyledons flat, accumbent, pa-
Racemes erect, with short pedicels in the axillæ of the bracteas,
rallel with the dissepiment (f. 45. g. h.).
which are leafy and longer than the flowers.
g
1 M. PHILÆA'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 426.) h. 0.? H. Native
of Nubia near the island of Phila. Sinapis Philæàna, Delil. A.
XLIX. ANASTA'TICA (from avaotaols, anastasis, resur- ægyp. p. 99. t. 33. f. 3. Tucnéxia Philædna, D. C. syst. 2.
rection ; plant recovering its original form however dry it may p. 426. Stems suffruticose at the base, about the thickness of
be, on immersion in water.) Gært. fruct. 2. p. 286. t. 141. D.C. a pigeon's quill. Leaves alternate, almost sessile. Flowers
syst. 2. p. 425. prod. 1. p. 185.
distant, small, probably white. Pods oblong, velvety on the
LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle ventricose outside.
(f. 46. e.), with the valves bearing each an appendage on the out- Phila Morettia. Fl. June, July. Pl. I to foot.
1
side at the end (f. 46.f.). Petals obovate. A small annual Cult. As this plant possesses no beauty, it is only worth
herb, branching from the neck. The younger plants are herba- cultivating in botanical gardens. It should be sown in a dry
ceous, villous and expanded. The adult plants become hard, warm situation in the open border, where the seeds will ripen.
19

200
CRUCIFERÆ. LI. CAKILE. LII. CORDYLOCARPUS. LIII, CHORISPORA.
SYST.
.
6
Tribe VI.
Equal-podded Sea-Rocket. Fl. June, Sept. Pl. 14 foot.
Cult. These are rather pretty annual plants, and only require
CAKILI'NEÆ (plants agreeing with Cakile in important to be sown in open ground early in the spring or autumn, and
characters) or PLEURORHIZEÆ (see Suborder 1.) LO- treated as other hardy annuals.
MENTACEÆ (lomentum, a loment; pods). D. C. syst. 2. p.
427. prod. 1. p. 185. Silique or silicle separating across into
.
LII. CORDYLOCA'RPUS (from Kopdulos, cordylos, a club,
1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded joints (f. 46. o.). Seeds not margined. and kaptos, carpos, a fruit; upper joint of pod). Des. atl. 2. p. 79.
Cotyledons flat, accumbent, parallel with the dissepiment, when
t. 152. D. C. syst. 2. p. 434. prod. 1. p. 186. but not of Smith.
there is any (f. 45.g. h. f. 46. c.).
LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique roundish,
torose, with many joints, upper joint thick, globose, echinated.
LI. CAKI'LE (an Arabic word employed by Serapio for Seeds all pendulous. An annual, branched, erect, smooth (or
this plant). Tourn. inst. 49. t. 483. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 287. rarely furnished with scattered hairs) herb. Lower leaves some-
t. 141. D. C. syst. 2. p. 427. prod. 1. p. 185.
what lyrate, upper ones lanceolate. Racemes erect; pedicels
LIN. syst. Tetradynàmia, Šiliquosa. Silique 2-jointed, com-
-
bractless, filiform, thicker than the fruct, not elongated. Flowers
pressed (f. 46. o.), upper joint ensiform or ovate. Seeds solitary in
cream-coloured.
the cells, the one in the upper cell erect, the one in the lower cell
1 C. MURICA'TUS (Desf. atl. 2. p. 79. t. 152.) O. H. Native
pendulous. Smooth, fleshy, glaucous, annual, branched herbs.
of Algiers on the edges of fields near Mayenne. Lower leaves
Leaves pinnatifid or toothed. Racemes opposite the leaves and
ovate-oblong, running along the petiole. Petals pale-yellow.
terminal, erect; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers white or Pods spreading
purplish.
Muricated-podded Cordylocarpus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823.
, , .
1 C. MARITIMA (Scop. fl. carn. no. 844.) upper joint of pod Pl. . foot.
ensiform; leaves pinnate-parted. O. H. Native of Europe Cult. Hardly worth cultivating, except in botanic gardens.
in the sand along the sea-coast from Sweden and Lapland to
It only requires to be sown in the open ground, and treated as
Gibraltar; on both shores of the Mediterranean and along the other hardy annuals.
Euxine Sea in Tauria. In Britain frequent on the sea-coast.
Lam. ill. t. 554. f. 1. Hook. fl. lond. t. 160. Bunias Cakìle,
f.
LIII. CHORI'SPORA (from xwpis, choris, separately ;
Lin. spec. 936. Smith engl. bot. t. 231. Fl. dan. 1168. Isàtis
pinnata, Forsk. ægyp. deser
. 121. Rapístrum marítimum, Berg: separately in the pod.) D.C. syst. 2. p. 435. prod. 1. p.: 186.
otropa, spora, a seed ; in allusion to each seed being inclosed
phyt. .
t. 141. f. 12. Cakile pinnatífida, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 485.
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique roundish, with
SYST
,
A spreading plant with pinnate-parted leaves, with the lobes
many equal joints. Seeds all pendulous. Annual branched,
somewhat distant, entire or toothed. Flowers of a bright lilac-
slender, smooth, or puberulous herbs. Leaves either pinnatifid
colour, disposed in dense corymbs. This plant is asserted to be
or nearly entire. Racemes opposite the leaves, erect, elon-
an active cathartic by Anquillara.
gated ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers violaceous or
Sea-Rocket. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. Pl.'1 foot.
.
yellow.
2 C. ÆGYPTIACA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 417.) upper joint of pod § 1. Purpurascéntes. Flowers purplish ; petals entire.
ensiform; leaves entire or dentately-sinuated, blunt.
O. H.
Native of Italy, Barbary, and Egypt in the sand along the sea- 1 C. TENE’LLA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 435.) pods and leaves
Horn. fl. dan. t. 1583. Isàtis Ægyptiaca, Forsk. ægyp. smooth, upper leaves lanceolate, toothed, lower ones pinnatifid.
descr. 121. but not of Lin. Bunias Cakìle, var. p, Vahl. symb. O. H. Native of Tauria among rubbish ; in the Caspian de-
2. p. 78. Rapístrum Cakìle of Berg. phyt. 3. p. 163. icon. Ca-
sert ; in craggy and nitrous places ; plentiful on the banks of the
kile marítima, var. a., Desf. atl. 2. p. 77. Cakile Serapiònis, river Volga; also in the Kirghisian steppe, and at Tanais,
var. B, Lher. cak. diss. ined. p. 5. Cakile latifòlia, Poir. suppl. even to the Ukraine. Ráphanus tenellus, Pall. itin. 3. app. no.
2. p. 88.
88. Cakìle sinuatifòlia, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 485. 105. t. L. f. 3. ed.
105. t. L. f. 3. ed. gall. 8vo. app. no. 356. t. 102. f. 2.
Cakìle marítima ß, sinuatifòlia, D. C. syst. 2. p. 429. Leaves Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1913. t. 202. Raphanus Tatáricus,
broader than those of Cakile marítima, never pinnate-cut. Flowers Falck. itin. 2. p. 218, no. 786. t. 13. Hesperis láxa, Lam. dict.
lilac, in dense corymbs.
3. p. 325? Chorispérmum tenéllum, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed.
p.
Egyptian Sea-Řocket. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. ? Pl. 1 foot. 2. vol. 4. p. 129. Flowers purple. Stems erect.
3 C. AMERICA'NA (Nut. gen. amer. 2. p. 62.) upper joint of Var. B, taraxicifolia (D. C. syst. 1. c.) O. H. Cheiranthus
pod ovate, acute. O. H. Native of North America along the taraxicifolius, Schrank. mem. soc. Ratisb. 1818. p. 164. Leaves
sea-coast and on the shores of Lake St. Laurent, also on the smooth or somewhat pubescent on the under surface, some of
shores of the Caribbee Islands, particularly St. Domingo. Bunias them are furnished at the tops of the lobes with ciliæ. Flowers
edéntula, Bigel. fl. bost. no. 43. Cakile Ægyptiaca, Tuss. ant. 1. purple, almost like those of Malcòmia marítima or Arabis vérna.
f. 17. Leaves oblong, blunt, sometimes cuneated, sometimes Var. y, arcuàta (D. C. syst. 1. c.) O. H. Hesperis arcuà-
almost linear, bluntish. A spreading herb with lilac flowers. ta, Nocca. pl. sel. hort. Ticin. 1. p. 3. t. 2. Raphanus arcuà-
Var. B, Cubénsis (H. B. et Kth. nov. gen. & spec. amer. 5. tus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 562. Chorispermum arcuàtum, Andrz.
p. 75.) leaves entire or scarcely sinuate-toothed, never pinna- cruc. ined. Flower purple. Pods arched, not straight, as in
tifid. Flowers lilac, smaller than those of C. marítima.
the two preceding varieties.
American Sea-Rocket. Fl. June, Sept. Clt.? Pl. 1 foot. Pliant Chorispora. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1780. Pl. 1 to į foot.
4 C. ÆQUA'LIS (Lher. herb. & diss. cak. ined. p. 1. with a
.
1
2 C. STRICTA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 436.) pods, stem, and lower
figure) upper joint of pod somewhat 4-sided at the base and leaves hispid ; pods erect; leaves linear, toothed. O. H. Na-
furnished with a long beak at the end (f. 46. o.). O.H. Native tive at Lake Inderskoe in the Kirghisian steppe, but rare. Rá-
of Martinique on the sea-shore. Stems diffuse, straggling. Leaves phanus stríctus, Fisch, in litt. Bieb. suppl. A. taur. p. 452.
light green, entire and cuneated at the base, toothed at the top. Herb erect. Flowers like those of preceding plant. Seeds oval,
Flowers white. Pod linear, almost uniform. Seeds oblong, of compressed, girded by a membranous wing, by which it differs
a bay colour. Deless, icon, sel. 2. t. 57.
from the rest of the genus.
coast.

CRUCIFERÆ. LIII. CHORISPORA. LIV. MalcomIA.
201
-
Straight-podded Chorispora. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 3 M. LA'XA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 440.) stem branched, somewhat
4 to į foot.
pilose at the base ; leaves ovate, acute, angularly-toothed, and are
e
§ 2. Flavifloræ. Flowers yellow; petals emarginate.
as well as the pods smooth; pedicels shorter than the calyx.
O. H. Native of Siberia. Hesperis láxa, Lam. dict. 3. p. 325.
3 C. SIBI'RICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 437.) pods and leaves
.
Flowers small, purplish. Seeds small, oblong-ovate, rufous.
smoothish ; leaves all sinuately-pinnatifid. O. H. Native of
Loose-branched Malcomia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
Siberia and Altaia on the banks of the river Oby; frequent in
4 M. Chia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 440.) stem erect, branched;
the upper region of the river Yenissei. Ráphanus Sibiricus,
hairs 2-parted, appressed; leaves obovate, entire ; pedicels
Lin. spec. 925. Murr. comm. gott. 1775. p. 48. t. 11. Choris-
pérmum Sibíricum, Andrz. cruc. ined. Flowers yellow, nearly length of the calyx; pods roundish, pubescent ; style very short
. .
O. H. Native of the island of Chio in rocky places, and pro-
the size of those of Bùnias erucàgo. Seeds oval, brown, com-
bably of Crete, Spain, and Russia. Cheiranthus Chius, Lin.
pressed. Plant very variable in height.
Siberian Chorispora. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Pl. from
Pl. from "spec. 924. Cheiránthus subulàtus, Moench. meth. 254. Hesperis
Chìa, Lam. dict. 3. p. 324. Herm. parad. 194. t. 61.-Dill.
1 inch to 2 feet.
4 C. IBE'RICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 437.) pods hairy, hardly
elth. 180. t. 147. f. 178. Flowers purplish, one-half smaller
than those of Malcòmia marítima. Plant downy.
longer than the style; leaves linear, runcinately-toothed. O.H.
Native of Iberia in stony places about Chinalug, in eastern Cau-
Chio, or Dwarf-branching Malcomia. Fl. May, July. Clt.
1732. Pl. Į to 1 foot.
Ráphanus Ibéricus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 129. suppl. p.
5 M. MARITIMA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 121.)
451. Chorispermum Ibéricum, Andrz. cruc. ined. Flowers
stems erect, branched; leaves elliptical, blunt, entire, narrowed
like those of Choríspora tenélla, but yellow. The whole plant
at the base; hairs appressed, 2 or 4-parted; pedicels somewhat
possesses a very powerful nauseous odour, when bruised.
shorter than the calyx; pods pubescent, furnished with a long
Iberian Chorispora. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 to foot.
.
acumen at the
apex.
O. H. Native of the south of Europe in
Cult. This is a genus of rather pretty annual plants; they
the sand by the sea-shore, particularly France, in the fields of
only require to be sown in the open ground, and treated as other
Narbonne, Balearic islands, Mauritania, Greece, and all the
hardy annuals.
islands in the Archipelago. Cheiránthus marítimus, Lin, amon.
SUB-ORDER II. NOTORHI’ZEÆ (from vwTOS, notos, the back, 4. p. 280. spec. 924. Curt. bot. mag. t. 166. Cheiranthus litto-
and piša, rhiza, a root; radicle at the back of the cotyledons,
reus, All. ped. 1. p. 273. but not of Lin. Hesperis marítima,
f. 45. j. e.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 438. prod. 1. p. 186. Cotyledons Lam. dict. 3. p. 324.-Barrel. icon. t. 1127.--Mor. oxon. 2. p.
. . .
flat, incumbent (f. 45. i.). Radicle dorsal (f. 45. i. e.). Seeds 235. sect. 3. t. 7. f. 6. Flowers pale, violet or lilac. Pods
not margined.
roundish. An elegant diffuse plant, commonly cultivated in
Tribe VII.
gardens as a border annual. Plant downy.
SISY'MBREÆ (plants agreeing with Sisymbrium in many im-
Sea-side Malcomia, or Branching Annual Stock. Fl. May,
portant characters,) or NOTORHI’ZEÆ (see Sub-order II.) July. Clt. 1713. Pl. Į to 1 foot.
)
6 M. INCRASSA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 441.) stems many, some-
SILIQUO'SÆ, (siliqua a long pod; pods long.) Silique 2-cell-
what diffuse ; leaves oval, stalked, upper ones oblong ; hairs
ed, opening longitudinally (f. 46. p.) with concave (f. 46.p.) or
keeled valves. Seeds ovate or oblong, not margined. Cotyle- appressed, 2-parted; pedicels shorter than the calyx, which be-
dons flat, incumbent, contrary to the dissepiment (f. 45. i.). А
comes thickened after flowering ; pods pubescent. O. H. Na-
tive of the islands in the Archipelago on rocks by the sea-side ;
very distinct tribe from the characters of the seeds, but with the
habit nearly of Arabideæ.
particularly in Scio and Tenedos. Deless. icon, sel. 2. t. 59.
Flowers purplish, a little larger, as well as the pods being two
LIV. MALCO'MIA (named after a William Malcolm, F.L.S. or three times thicker, than those of Malcòmia marítima. An
a celebrated cultivator.) R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. elegant downy plant.
121. D. C. syst. 2. p. 438. prod. 1. p. 186.
Thickened-pedicelled Malcomia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique roundish. Stigma Pl. 2 inches to { foot.
simple, much pointed. Annual or perennial herbs, usually sca- 7 M. ARENA'RIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 442.) stem erect, branch-
brous or velvety from stellate hairs. Leaves oblong or oval ed ; leaves lanceolate, acute, lower ones toothed, sessile; hairs
entire, toothed or sinuately-pinnatifid ; pedicels bractless, dis- stellate ; pedicels very short ; pods torulose, subulate. O. H.
posed in racemes. Flowers either purplish or white, sometimes Native of Mauritania in the sand on the sea-shore near Arzeau.
very small, never becoming double in gardens.
Hésperis arenària, Desf. atl. 2. p. 91. t. 162. Flowers violace-
i M. AFRICA'NA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 121.) ous, about the size of those of Malcòmia marítima. An elegant
stem branched, diffuse; leaves lanceolate, somewhat toothed, downy plant.
beset with 2 or 4-parted hairs; pedicels shorter than the per- Sand Malcomia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. Pl. to foot.
manent calyx; pods scabrous. O. H. Native of vineyards and 8 M. PARVIFLORA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 442.) stem erect, branch-
sandy places in the north of Africa, Sicily, Spain, south of
Spain, south of ed ; leaves oblong, blunt, almost entire; hairs soft, starry;
France, Iberia about Gandsha. Hesperis Africana, Lin. spec. pedicels at last the length of calyx; pods pubescent. O. H.
928. Hésperis diffùsa, Lam. fl. fran. 2. p. 504. Cheiranthus Native in sand on the sea-shore in Corsica, France, Provence,
scaber, Moench, meth. 254. Hésperis híspida, Roth. cat. bot. 1. Italy about Pisa, also in Calabria, &c. &c. Cheiranthus làcerus,
p. 78.-Buxb. cent. 4. p. 26. t. 44.-Bocc. sic. 77. t. 42. f. 1. Gouan. ill. p. 44 ? Hesperis parviflòra, D. C. A. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4.
Flowers small, purplish. Seeds oblong-ovate, rufous.
p. 654. icon. gall. rar. p. 11. t. 35. Hésperis pùmila, Poir.
African Malcomia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1747. Pl. 1 to è ft. suppl. 3. p.
194. Flowers small, lilac. Plant downy.
2 M. TARAXACIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 439.) stem erect,
Small-flowered Malcomia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. Pl. 4 to z ft.
simple; leaves oblong, deeply-toothed ; hairs 3-parted; pedicels 9. M. LYRA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 443.) stem erect, branched;
shorter than the deciduous calyx; pods smooth, somewhat 4- lower leaves lyrate, blunt, stalked; hairs appressed, 2-parted ;
sided. O. H. Native — ? Cheiranthus taraxacifòlius, Balb.
.
Cheiranthus taraxacifòlius, Balb. pedicels length of calyx; pods pubescent. 0. H. Native of
cat. hort. taur. app. 1814. p. 10. Flowers small, purplish. the island of Cyprus. Cheirántħus lyràtus, Smith. fl. græc. t.
Dandelion-leaved Malcomia. Fl.Ju.Jul. Cit.1795. Pl. i to ft. 635. Flowers purplish like those of Malcòmia parviflora.
VOL. I.-PART III.
Dd
a
-

202
CRUCIFERÆ. LIV. MALCOMIA. LV. HESPERIS.
3.H.
-
-
Lyrate-headed Malcomia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. į ft. cause the flowers of most of the species are sweet-scented in the
10 M. LITTOREA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 121.) evening.) Lin. gen. no. 817. D. C. syst. 2. p. 446. prod. 1.
stems many, erect; leaves lanceolate-linear, almost entire, hoary p. 188.
with short down; pedicels length of calyx; pods hoary.
LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique roundish or
Native of France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and along the Medi- somewhat 4-sided (f. 46. p.). Stigmas 2, erect, connivent.
terranean sea, in the sand. Cheiránthus littöreus, Lin. spec. 925. Calyx bisaccate at the base. Seeds oblong, somewhat trique-
Hésperis littòrea, Lam. dict. 3. p. 322.-Clus. hist. 1. p. 298. f. trous (f. 46. p.). Stamens all toothless. Annual, biennial or
2.-Park. theatr. 623. icon.-Lob. icon. t. 331. f. 1. Flowers perennial herbs, with fibrous roots, and erect or diffuse stems.
whitish-yellow. Seeds ovate, not margined.
• Leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, toothed or lyrately-runcinate.
Sea-shore Malcomia. Fl. Ju. Nov. Clt. 1683. Pl. to 1 foot. The plants are for the most part furnished with simple or
11 M. ALYSSOI'DES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 444.) stem erect, branched lymphatic hairs, and others are furnished, especially at
branched; leaves imbricate, obovate, blunt, almost entire ; hairs. the top, with glandular hairs, and from thence as if it were bi-
stellate, grey, soft; pedicels very short. 4. H. Native of tuminous or clammy. Racemes terminal, bractless, erect; pe-
Portugal. Hésperis alyssoides, Pers. ench. 2. p. 203.-Barrel.
-
dicels filiform, never thickening after flowering. Flowers white
icon. t. 804. Flowers purplish, somewhat sessile, 2 or 3 to- or purplish, often party-coloured, usually sweet-scented, parti-
gether at the tops of the branches. Stem somewhat woody at cularly towards evening.
the base. Plant tomentose.
Alyssum-like Malcomia. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
Sect. I. HESPERIDIUM (for derivation see genus; the flowers
12 M. PA'TULA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 444.) stem branched, dif-
of the plants belonging to this section smell only in the evening
fuse ; leaves linear, nearly entire; hairs short, stellate, grey,
and at night, never throughout the day time.) D. C. syst. 2. p.
soft ; pedicels hardly shorter than the calyx; pods slender, pubes-
447. prod. 1. p. 188. Limb of petals linear. Pods 2-edged,
cent, terminated by the long style. 4. H. Native of Spain in
Castile and elsewhere, especially about Madrid, in sandy dreary colour, sweet-scented in the evening and throughout the
with keeled valves, and a spongy dissepiment. Flowers of a dark
places. Hésperis arenària, Lag. cat. hort. madr. 1814. p. 20.
night.
not of Desf. Flowers purplish, like those of M. littdrea. Plant
1 H. ALYSSIFOʻLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 447.) pedicels villous,
tomentose.
hardly longer than the very villous calyx; petals oblong, waved ;
Spreading Malcomia. Fl. May, June. Pl. 1 to foot. .
leaves oblong, quite entire, velvety with stellate down.-Native
13 M. BROUSSONETII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 445.) stem erect,
of Persia. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 61. Petals oblong-linear,
branched ; leaves oblong, blunt, sinuated; hairs stellate, grey,
soft; pedicels shorter than the calyx; pods pubescent, torulose,
acute, of a dark dirty-purplish colour.
Alyssum-leaved Rocket. Pl. i to 1 foot.
terminated by the long style. 0. H. Native about Mogodor in
2 H. TRI'STIS (Lin. spec. 927.) pedicels very long, spreading,
fields. Deless, icon. sel. 2. t. 60. Cheiranthus trilobus, Lin.
rigid, equalling the pod in breadth ; pods 2-edged, thickened on
spec. 925? Flowers like those of Malcòmia littòrea, but rather
the margin; petals oblong, oblique. 7. H. Native of Austria,
larger. Plant tomentose.
Hungary, Transylvania, Tauria, south of Russia, and of Naples,
Broussonet's Malcomia. Pl. À to foot.
about the edges of fields and woods. Curt. bot. mag. t. 730. Jacq.
14 M. LA CERA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 445.) stem branched, dif-
vind. 118. Jacq. austr. 2. p. 1. t. 102. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no.
fuse ; leaves oblong, bluntly-pinnatifid; hairs stellate, somewhat
1847. t. 184. Cheiranthus lanceolatus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 515.
downy; pedicels at last equal in length with the calyx ; pods
.
Stems much branched at the top, sometimes almost smooth,
pubescent, torulose, terminated by the long style. 0. H. Na-
tive of Portugal, Spain, Morocco, and the Levant, in the sand on
sometimes more or less hispid, with long spreading hairs. Ra-
the sea-shore. Cheiránthus làcerus, Lin. spec. 926. but not of grossly toothed, smooth or pubescent, 2 or 4 inches long; hairs
dical leaves stalked, upper ones sessile, ovate, acute, entire or
his syst. veg. Hésperis làcera, Lam. dict. 3.
p.
322 ? Hésperis
short, somewhat glandular. Flowers of a dirty white or cream-
pinnatifida, Desf. cor. Tourn. p. 63. t. 47. Ann. mus. 11. p.
377. t. 34. but not of Michx. M. tríloha, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 899.
colour, brownish-red or dirty dark-purple; smelling in the night.
Flowers the colour and size of those of M. littòrea.
Sad-coloured-flowered or Night-smelling Rocket. Fl. April,
June. Clt. 1629. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Jagged-lobed Malcomia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1718. Pl. ft.
3 H. FRA'GRANS (Fisch. in litt. Sweet, brit. fl. gard. t. 61.)
† A species not sufficiently known.
pedicels villous, much shorter than the very villous calyx; petals
15 M. ERO'SA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 446.) O. H. Native of oblong, wavy, lower leaves stalked, lanceolate, runcinate, blunt-
,
Portugal and Spain, in sandy places. Hésperis eròsa, Lag. cat.
ish, upper leaves almost sessile, ovate, acuminated, coarsely-
hort. madr. 1814. p. 20. Pubescent. Leaves linear-oblong,
toothed at the base. .H. Native of Siberia? Flower purplish.
?
sinuately-pinnatifid. Pods stalked, rather filiform, acute.
Fragrant Rocket. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Pl.
Pl. foot.
Gnawn Malcomia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
Cult. The greater part of the species of Malcòmia being SECT. II. DEILO'SMA (from deeln, deile, the day, and ooun, osme, a
,
hardy annuals, they only require to be sown in the open ground, smell. The flowers of the plants belonging to this section smell in
and if sown at various times throughout the summer and autumn,
the day time as well as at night.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 448. prod. 1.
.
a succession of flowering plants may be kept up, until the frost p. 188. Limb of petals obovate. Siliques roundish, or some-
kills them. Malcòmia Cħia, marítima, incrassàta, and are- what 4-edged, with a membranous dissepiment. Funicle winged.
nària, are the most elegant of the annual kinds; the other annual 4 H. LACINIA'TA (All. ped. no. 985. t. 82. f. 1.) pedicels
kinds possess no beauty, and therefore are only fit to be pre- shorter than the calyx ; petals obovate-oblong; leaves obovate,
served in botanic gardens. The perennial species, Malcomia, deeply-toothed ; stem hispid. 3. H. Native
Native on rocks exposed
alyssoìdes, and pátula, can only be increased by seeds; they are to the sun in Piedmont, Provence, and the south of Dauphiny.
very well adapted for ornamenting rock-work. All the species Hésperis hieracifolia, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 317. Cheiranthus lacini-
of this genus thrive best in a light dry sandy soil.
àtus, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 780. Leaves covered with glandular
pubescence. Flowers sometimes purplish or lilac, and sometimes
LV. HE'SPERIS (from onepos, hesperos, the evening; be- yellowish.

CRUCIFERÆ. LV. HESPERIS.
203
4.
Jagged-leaved Rocket or Dame's Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. var. a and its varieties since 1597. B. Native of Britain.
7
1816. Pl. 1] foot.
Since 1800. Pl. 1 to 4 feet.
5 H. VILLO'SA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 449.) pedicels shorter than 8 H. HETEROPHY’LLA (Tenore, fl. nap. prod. p. 39.) pedicels
the calyx; petals obovate-oblong ; leaves oblong, pointed, deeply- length of calyx; petals obovate ; stem branched, diffuse, and is
toothed, and are villous as well as the simple stem.
7 ? H.
as well as leaves covered with short pubescence; leaves ovate-
Native of Apulia or Puglia. Cheiranthus villosus, Spreng. in litt. lanceolate, toothed. 2. H. Native of Naples in shady fields
Very nearly allied to Hésperis laciniàta, but the hairs of the and in woods. Habit of plant very like the branched diffuse
stems are not glandular, nor the down on the leaves. Flowers varieties of Hésperis matronàlis. Flowers purplish or lilac.
purplish or lilac.
Variable-leaved Rocket. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1825. Pl. 2 to 3 ft.
Villous-Rocket or Dame's Violet. Fl. May, June. Pl. 11 ft. 9 H. ELA'TA (Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. 74.) petals blunt, very
6 H. RUNCINA'TA (Waldst. et Kit. pl. rar. hung. 2. p. 220. t. entire and notched at the top ; leaves lanceolate-acuminated,
200.) pedicels longer than the calyx; petals obovate, somewhat remotely toothed; stems simple, erect. 7.H. Native?
mucronate ; leaves pubescent, lower ones lyrately-runcinate, Tall Rocket or Dames' Violet. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1824.
upper ones lanceolate, acuminated ; stem erect, panicled at the Pl. 3 or 5 feet.
top. f. H. Native of Hungary in coppices. The whole plant 10 H. GRANDIFLO'RA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2683.) pedicels longer
.
is covered with somewhat clammy short hairs. With the habit of than the calyx; petals obovate; racemes many-flowered, crowded;
H. matronàlis.
radical leaves oblong-ovate, obtuse, cauline ones lanceolate, ses-
Var. ß H. bituminosa (Savi. hort. Pis. ann. 1808. perhaps also sile. B. H. Native of Siberia ? or Hungary? Flowers dark
of Willd. enum, suppl. 45.) Deilósma suaveolens, Andrz. cruc. lilac. Stem simple.
ined. Plant clammy. Pods somewhat incurved. Flowers of Great-flowered Dames' Violet or Rocket. Fl. June, July.
both varieties from white to purple or lilac, about the size of Clt. 1817. Pl. 3 feet.
those of Hésperis matronàlis.
11 H. STEVENIA'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 452.) pedicels longer
Runcinate-leaved Rocket or Dame's Violet. Fl. May, July. than the calyx ; petals obovate; stem and pods hispid ; radical
Clt. 1804. PI. 1 to 2 or 3 feet.
leaves stalked, runcinate, upper ones ovate-lanceolate, deeply-
7 H. MATRONA'LIS (Lam. dict. 3. p. 321. ill. t. 564. f. 1.) toothed. 4. 7. H. Native of the south of Tauria. Claws
pedicels length of calyx; petals obovate; pods erect, torose, of petals longer than the calyx. Flowers purplish. This plant
smooth, not thickened at the edge; leaves ovate-lanceolate, is very like Hésperis matronàlis, ß sylvéstris.
toothed. 4. H. Native of coppices and hedges nearly through- Steven's Rocket or Dames' Violet. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 ft.
out the whole of Europe.
12 H. APRICA (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 194.) pedicels beset with
Var. a, hortensis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 450.) stem firm, straight ; glandular pili, length of calyx; petals obovate; leaves oblong,
flowers usually sweet-scented; petals frequently emarginate and blunt, and are as well as the simple stems hispid. 2.. H.
mucronate; leaves ovate-lanceolate, never cordate. 4. H. Hés- Native of exposed fields in Siberia and Dauria. Cheiránthus
peris matronàlis, Lin. spec. 927.--Mor. hist. 2. p. 251. sect. 3. aprìcus, Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 518. Hésperis Cheiránthus,
t. 10. f. 1.-Lob. icon. t. 323. f. 2. The ladies of Germany have Pers. ench. 2. p. 203. Cheiranthus hírtus, Schlecht. ex Stev.
pots of this plant placed in their apartments, whence it has ob- obs. in herb. Willd.-Deless, icon. sel. 2. t. 62. Flowers purple
. , .
tained the name of Dames' Violet. Parkinson calls the plants or lilac, size of those of H. matronàlis.
Queen's Gilloflowers, and Gerarde Damask Violets.
Var. ß, dentàta ; leaves grossly toothed. Perhaps a proper
1 albiflora (D. C. 1. 1. c.) flowers single, white.-Tab. kraut. species.
p. 692. f. 1.-Dalech. lugd. 804. f. 1. Besl. eyst. vern. ord. 8. Exposed Rocket or Dames' Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt.
t. 3. f. 2.
1821. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
2 albo-plena (D. C. 1. c.). Flowers double white.
13 H. BICUSPIDA'TA (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 194.) pedicels length
3 purpúrea (D. C. 1. c.) flowers single, purple.--Tab. kraut. of calyx; petals blunt ; leaves lanceolate, acute, rather toothed,
p. 692. f. 2. Dalech. lugd. 804. f. 2. Besi. eyst. vern. ord. 8. and are as well as simple stem covered with stellate
grey
down.
t. 3. f.3.-Weinm. phyt. t. 572. f. b.
4.? $.?H. Native of Armenia. Cheiranthus bicuspidàtus,
4. purpureo-plena (D. C. l. c.) flowers double purple.- Willd. spec. 3. p. 519. Flowers purple or lilac?
.
3
Weinm. phyt. t. 572. f. c.
Var. B, Cappadocica (plant a little smaller, and with the pods
5 variegàta (D. C. l. c.) flowers double, variegated with and flowers more spreading than in the species.) 3. 4. H. Na-
white and purple.—Munt. phyt. cur. t. 186.
tive of Cappadocia. Both plants are rather woody at the base.
6 foliiflora (D. C. l. c. p. 451.) flowers double, green. Two-pointed-podded-Rocket. Fl. May, June. Pl. 14 foot.
Moris. oxon. 2. p. 251. no. 2.
.
. Weinm. phyt. t. 572. f. a.
14 H. RAMOSISSIMA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 91. t. 161.) pedicels
Var. B, sylvestris (D. C. syst. 2. p. 451.) habit much more rather shorter than the calyx; petals elliptical-oblong; pods
loose than var. a.
Lower leaves only at the base more or less scabrous, torulose ; leaves oblong, velvety; stem much branched.
cordate, and often coarsely toothed ; flowers always purplish or O. H. Native of Algiers near Arzeau, in the sand on the
lilac, rarely sweet-scented; limb of petals blunt. Hésperis shore, and in Egypt, near the Saqqarah Pyramids, also in Gala-
inodòra, Lin. spec. 927. Jacq. aust, t. 347. Fl. dan. t. 934. tia. Flowers small, violet or lilac.
Smith engl. bot. t. 731. Hésperis sylvestris, Crantz. austr. p. Much-branched Rocket. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl.] to ft.
32. Hésperis Sibírica, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 316. Native of many 15 H. PYGMÆ'a (Dilil. ill. fl. ægyp. p. 19. no. 596.) pedicels
places in the north of Europe. In Britain in hilly pastures near
longer than the calyx; petals elliptical ; pods very slender,
;
rivulets but rare.
smooth; leaves sinuated, scabrous from stellate hairs; stem
Var. 7, H. Sibérica (Lin. spec. 927.) leaves narrower, branched. O. H. Native of Syria and near Alexandria.
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated.
Hésperis obtùsa, Moench. Flowers small, purplish,
suppl. 86. Native of Tauria and Siberia. Flowers purple * Pygmy Rocket. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1828. Pl. 2 or 3 inches.
16 'H. PULCHE’LLA (D. Č. syst. 2. p. 455.) pedicels longer
This is a very variable plant, as may be seen from its numerous than the calyx; petals obovate; leaves almost all radical, bluntly
varieties.
pinnatifid, smoothish ; scapes numerous, scarcely longer than
Common Rocket or Dames' Violet. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. the leaves. O. H. Native of the Levant (Greece or Syria).
-
.
--
or lilac.
D d 2

a
204
CRUCIFERÆ. LV. HESPERIS. LVI. ANDREOSKIA.
LVI. ANDREOSKIA. LVII. SISYMBRIUM.
With the habit of Malcòmia làcera, but with the stigma of Hés- Petals unguiculate, entire. Two lateral stamens free, not toothed;
peris. Flowers rose-coloured, a little smaller than those of the four larger ones are sometimes joined by pairs, and sometimes
Malcòmia marítima, otherwise similar.
furnished with a tooth on the inside, at the top.
Pretty Rocket. Fl. May, July. Pl. 2 or 3 inches.
1 A. INTEGRIFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 190.) leaves linear,
.
17 H. CRENULA'TA (D.C. syst
. 2. p. 456.) pedicels shorter quite entire ; branches and pedicels glandular and pilose as well
than the calyx ; petals obovate ; leaves oblong, smooth ; blunt,
;
as the pods. O. H. Native in sandy places of mountains in
crenated; stem branched. O. H. Native in the Levant be- Siberia from Yenissei to the regions beyond the Baical, and at
tween Aleppo and Mossul. Flowers purplish ; claws of petals the river Lena. In arid fields of Dauria near Tschita and about
length of calyx.
Doroninsk. Sisymbrium integrifòlium, Lin. spec. 922. Hés-
Crenulated-leaved Rocket. Pl. 1 foot.
peris glandulosa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 203. Cheiránthus muricàtus,
Weinm. cat. hort. Dorp. 1810. p. 41. Flowers white, varying
+ Species, the generic characters of which are very doubtful.
to purple.
18 H.? PINNATI'FIDA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 31.) pedicels Entire-leaved Andreoskia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 to 4 ft.
at last longer than the calyx; petals obovate ; lower leaves pin- 2 A. EGLANDULO'SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 190.) leaves linear,
natifidly-lyrate, upper ones unequally serrated. 4. H. Na- quite entire, and are as well as stem villous, without glands.
tive of humid woods in Tennessee and Kentucky, and not by any O. H. Native of Siberia. Sisymbrium eglandulòsum. D.C.
means rare along the banks of the river Ohio below Le Tarts syst. 2. p. 485. Sisymbrium Sieversiànum, Redowsk. from
rapids. Herb very smooth. Stems simple or branched, angu- Fisch. in litt. Differing from A. integrifolia in the stems and
larly-sulcate. Flowers small, pale-purple or lilac.
leaves being villous, but not glandular. Flowers always white.
Pinnatifid-leaved Rocket. Fl. Ju. Jul. Pl. 2 or 3 ft. high. Glandless Andreoskia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824.
Clt. 1824. Pl. foot.
-
19 H. ? PE'NDULA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 457.) pedicels deflexed, 3 A. PECTINA'TA (D.C. prod. 1. p. 190.) leaves pectinately-
hispid; leaves covered with bristles, lower ones somewhat lyrate, pinnate-lobed ; lobes linear, acute, and are as well as stem pilose,
upper ones ovate, toothed; stem branched, hispid. O? 2? H. interspersed with muricated glands.
interspersed with muricated glands. 3. H. Sisymbrium pecti-
Native of Syria. Flowers unknown.
nàtum, D. C. syst. 2. p. 485. Flowers the same as those of A.
Pendulous-flowered Rocket. Pl. 1; foot.
integrifolia but a little larger. H. punctàta and pilòsa, Poir.
20 H.? ANGUSTIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 457.) pedicels very Var. a, pinnata ; stem dwarf; flowers white. Hésperis pin-
short, thick; petals oblong ; leaves linear, grossly-toothed, nàta, Pers. ench. 2. p. 203.
nàta, Pers. ench. 2. p. 203. Native of Siberia on the Lake
smoothish ; stem hispid. O. H. Native of Syria between Baical near Penolsk.
Aleppo and Mossul. Flowers small, white. Stem branched, Var. B, pectinata ; stem elongated; flowers white. Sisym-
erect.
brium pectinatum, Fisch. in litt. Native of Dauria at the river
Narrow-leaved Rocket. Pl. 3 or 4 inches.
Ighitou and about Doroninsk.
Var. y, pinnatifida ; stems elongated ; flowers reddish. Chei-
of Species not sufficiently known.
ránthus pinnatífidus, Willd. spec. 3.
p. 523.
523. Native of Siberia.
21 H. NI'VEA (Baumg. fl. trans. 2. p. 278.). 4. H. Native
Pectinated-leaved Andreoskia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1825.
of Transylvania on mountains. Herb very hairy, branched.
Pl. 1 to į foot.
Leaves alternate, stalked, upper ones sessile, stem-clasping,
Cult. These plants are scarcely worth cultivating, except in
ovate-lanceolate, toothed. Flowers stalked, corymbosely-
botanic gardens. They only require to be sown in the open
racemose, white, sweet-scented ; petals oval, blunt, entire.
ground, and treated like other hardy annuals. A light sandy
Snow Rocket. Fl. Aug. Sept.
soil will suit them best.
Fl. Aug. Sept. Pl. 1 foot.
22 H. REPA'NDA (Lag. cat. hort. madr. 1814. p. 20.) 4. H.
Native of Spain on the Mariana mountains. Stems erect, some-
LVII. SISY'MBRIUM (Slovpßplov was the Greek name of
what angular. Spikes of flowers terminal, elongated. Calyx
some aquatic plant. It appears to have had an agreeable smell.
dark-purple. Corolla violet. Petals oblong, truncate, longer
Petals oblong, truncate, longer myrtle,
of roses, and of sisymbrium. It is, however, more pro-
Ovid advises that Venus should be propitiated with garlands of
than the calyx. The whole plant is covered with short, white,
,
reflexed, appressed hairs.
bably derived from oloißos, sisibos, a fringe, as some of the
Repand-leaved Rocket. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. Z to ft.
species have fringed roots). All. ped. 1. p. 274. D. C. syst.
Cult. The perennial species of this genus thrive best in a
2. p. 458. prod. 1. p. 190. Sisymbrium, spec. Lin. Juss. &c.
light rich soil, and they require to be frequently transplanted
LIN. SYST.
Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique roundish, ses-
and divided, otherwise they will not long exist, particularly the
sile upon the torus. Stigmas 2, somewhat distinct, or connate
double varieties of Hesperis matronàlis; the best time to do
into a head. Calyx equal at the base. Seeds ovate or oblong.
this, is after they are done flowering and are again beginning to
Cotyledons flat, incumbent, sometimes oblique. Stamens not
spring afresh from the root. The biennial and annual sorts do
toothed. Herbs annual or perennial, rarely suffrutescent. Leaves
well in any common garden-soil, requiring the same treatment very variable on the same plant. Racemes elongated after
as other hardy annuals and biennials.
flowering ; pedicels bractless or furnished with a leafy bractea,
filiform erect. Flowers yellow or white.
LVI. ANDREO'SKIA (in honour of Antonio Andrzejowski, SECT. I. VELA'RUM (velar, the Arabic name of the cress).
a Russian botanist, who has studied cruciferous plants particu- D. C. syst. 2. p. 459. prod. 1. p. 191. Silique awl-shaped,
larly). D. C. prod. 1. p. 190. Sisymbrium, section VII. Hes- broadest at the base, ending in the very short style at the top,
peridópsis, D. C. syst. 2. p. 484. Dontostèmon, Andrz. in litt. appressed to the axis, standing on very short pedicels, which
LIN. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique sessile, roundish, thicken after flowering. Flowers yellow.
2-celled, with somewhat concave valves and a membranous disse- 1 S. OFFICINA'RUM (Scop. carn. ed. 2. no. 824.) leaves runci-
piment. Style short, slender. Seeds ovate, disposed in one row. nate, pilose; stem pilose ; pods subulate, pressed to the rachis.
Cotyledons flattish, incumbent. Herbs villose, glandular. Leaves O. H. Native throughout the whole of Europe in waste land
linear, entire, or pectinately pinnate-lobed. Flowers white, or and among rubbish, very common along the sides of walls,
purplish. Calyx almost erect, deciduous, equal at the base.
equal at the base. hedges, and roads; plentiful in Britain, also in the north of

CRUCIFERÆ. LVII. SISYMBRIUM.
205
.
Africa. Erysimum officinale, Lin. spec. 922. Fl. dan. t. 560. t. 234. Erysimum júnceum. Willd. spec. 3. p. 513.
513. Sisym-
Curt. fl. lond. 5. t. 50. Woodv. med. bot. 4. p. 14. t. 244. brium júnceum, Bieb. I. c.)
Smith engl. bot. t. 725. Schkuhr. handb. 2.. no. 1833. t. 183. Rush-like Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1804. Pl. 1 foot.
Klutia officinalis, Andrz. cruc. ined. Flowers small, yellow.
Pods erect and pressed to the stem.
SECT. III. PsiLO'STYLUM (from pilos, psilos, slender, and
Var. B, leiocarpum (D. C. syst. 460.) pods smooth. Native otulos, stylos, a column or style; styles long and slender).
of South Carolina and Teneriffe. Erýsimum officinale, Pursh, D. C. syst. 2. p. 463. prod. 1. p. 191. Siliques round, terminated
p
fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 436.
by the long slender style. Calyx closed.
Seeds oblong.
This plant is warm and acrid to the taste, and when cultivated
Flowers yellow.
is used as a spring pot-herb. Birds are fond of the seed. Sheep 5 S. EXACOI'DES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 463.) leaves oval-oblong,
and goats eat the herb. Cows, horses, and swine refuse it. It almost entire, smooth, glaucous; racemes 1 or 4-flowered. O.H.
is celebrated in medicine even to this day, and is used as a diuretic, Native of Lebanon at a place called Zaale. Mathìola exacoides,
and as an expectorant in asthma, chronical coughs, and hoarse- Spreng. syst. 2. p. 899. Petals yellow, elliptical, small; claws
ness, and hence its name in France Herbe au chantre. Ronde- of petals linear, longer than the calyx. Deless, icon. sel. 2. t.
letius informs us that the last-mentioned complaint, occasioned 63. Perhaps a proper genus.
Habit of plant referable to
by loud speaking, was cured by the juice of this plant in three Exácum pusillum.
days. Other testimonies of its good effects in this disorder are Exacum-like Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Pl. 1 to 2 in.
recorded by writers on the Materia Medica, of whom we may
mention Dr. Cullen, who for this purpose recommends the juice
Sect. IV. Irio (from epvw, eruo, to cure; see Erýsimum.)
to be mixed with an equal quantity of honey or sugar. In this
D. C. syst. 2. p. 463. prod. 1. p. 191. Siliques round. Seeds
ovate, somewhat triquetrous. Flowers yellow. Pedicels bract-
way also it is said to be an useful remedy in ulcerations of the
less.
mouth and throat. The seeds being most pungent, should be
preferred to its leaves. This, as well as some other cruciferous
§. 1. Leaves toothed or entire.
plants, are apt to come up among the ashes where charcoal has 6 S. HISPA'NICUM (Jacq. coll. 1. p. 69. icon. rar. 1. t. 124.)
been made, or where there has been any considerable fire. In leaves lanceolate, toothed, sessile, smooth; stems branched, di-
Germany the plant is called der Hederich, Wegesenf, Wildersenf, varicate ; pods erect, roundish, smooth. 3. H. Native of
falcher Wassersenf, das Gelbe Eisenkraut, Kreuzkraut, &c. In Spain, and perhaps of the south of France. Pods erect, ap-
Danish Vild senep, Veysenep. In Swedish Vaggkrassa. In pressed. A very smooth rather glaucous herb, with branches
France, Le velar, La Tortelle. In Italian Erisamo. In Spanish rising from the axillæ of the leaves.
Jaramago, hierba de san Alberto, Irion. In Russia Corczyca Spanish Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. Pl. 13 ft.
polna, Pszonak ziele.
7 S. LINEA'RE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 464.) leaves linear, entire, rather
Common Hedge Mustard or Officinal Sisymbrium. Fl. May, hispid; stem hispid ; pods smooth, very slender. Native of Siberia.
July. Britain. Pl. 1 or 2 feet.
Cheiranthus leptophyllus, Willd. herb. from Stev. obs. ined.-
2 S. CORNICULA'Tum (Cav. præl. no. 3. from Lag. in litt.) Gmel. sib. 3. p. 271. t. 62. Flowers small. Pods slender,
lower leaves sinuately-runcinate; upper ones lanceolate, toothed; smooth. Seeds small. Stems branched at the top.
pods compressed, subulate, somewhat pilose ; pedicels thick, Linear-leaved Sisymbrium. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft.
very short.
short. O. H. Native of Spain about Madrid at a place 8 S. PU'MILUM (Steph. in. Willd. spec. 3. p. 507.) radical
called La Real casa del Campo. Flowers small, yellow. Pods leaves sinuately-toothed, cauline ones sagittate, stem-clasping,
straight, erect, appressed to the axis. A very distinct species, toothed; pods rough from branched hairs. O. H. Native of
but not sufficiently known, and perhaps will form a separate the north of Persia, in the plains adjacent to Caucasus, about
genus.
Kitzjar, and about Astracan; also in Iberia. Flowers small.
Horned-podded Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Plant very variable in height.
Pl. 1 to 11 foot.
Dwarf Hedge-Mustard. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1818. Pl.
from 1 to 11 foot.
Sect. II. NORTA (meaning unknown). D. C. syst. 2. 461. 9 S. Palla'sir (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 901.) stem branched;
prod. 1. p. 191. Silique round. Calyx spreading. Seeds ob- leaves all linear, quite entire, smooth, lower ones blunt, superior
long. Flowers yellow. Racemes bractless.
ones narrowed, acute; calyx pilose; siliques slender, erectly-
3 S. STRICTISSIMUM (Lin. spec. 922.) leaves lanceolate, stalked, spreading. 0.? H. Native of Siberia. S. tenuifolium, Pall.
toothed, pubescent. 4. H. Native throughout middle Europe, in Willd. herb.
France, Italy, Germany, &c. &c. on mountains in rugged places. Pallas's Hedge-Mustard. Pl. 1 foot.
Jacq. vind. 122. fl. austr. t. 194. Flowers intensely yellow. 10 S. KAHìkir (Mart. ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 901.) stem
.
Pods 2 inches long, straight, very smooth.
Stems erect,
slender, ascending, naked above; leaves oblong-linear, acute, ta-
branching at the top:
pering to the base, almost quite entire, hairy; racemiferous
Very-straight-podded Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. branches elongated ; calyx hispid; petals linear ; siliques slender,
1658. Pl. 3 to 5 feet.
elongated, smooth. O.? H. Native of ?
4 S. JU'NCEUM (Bieb. A. taur. 2. p. 114.) leaves smooth, Kahikir Hedge-Mustard. Pl. ž foot.
glaucous, lower ones stalked, runcinately-pinnatifid, upper ones
11 S. Atrovirens (Horn. ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 901.) stem
linear-lanceolate, entire. 2. H. Native of dry meadows in diffusely branched; leaves oblong, toothletted, auricled at the
Hungary, of salt meadows in Transylvania, Tauria at the river base, smooth ; petioles dilated at the base and stem-clasping ;
Volga about Zarizyn and the colony Sarepta ; in the deserts of siliques somewhat arched, smooth. O.? H. Native of China.
Siberia between Oby and Irtish, and between Barnaoul and Dark-green Hedge-Mustard. Pl. 1 foot.
Zmeof. Pods strictly erect, parallel with the axis. Flowers 12 S. NITÍDULUM (Lag. ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 901.) stem
yellow.
ascending, rather simple, smooth, and leafless above ; leaves ob-
Var. a, Brássica polymorpha (Murr. comm. goett. 1776. p. long, deeply toothed, stalked; racemes loose ; siliques on long
35. t. 6.? Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 93. t. 90.)
stalks, smooth. O.? H. Native of Spain.
Var. B, Cheiranthus júnceus (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 259.
.
Glistering Hedge-Mustard. Pl. 1 foot.
p.
;

206
CRUCIFERÆ. LVII. SISYMBRIUM.
Var. Y,
7.H.
§. 2. Leaves pinnately-lobed ; lobes entire or toothed. waste grounds, or on banks and heaps of rubbish : plentiful in
the neighbourhood of London. At Faulkbourn, Essex, and on
13 S. OBTUSA'NGULUM (Schleich. cat. p. 48.) leaves pinnate- the walls of Berwick-upon-Tweed. It covered the ground in
parted ; lobes oval-oblong, blunt, sinuately-toothed, recesses the spring, after the great fire of London. Haller records the
roundish ; stems hispid at the base with reflexed hairs. 0. H. same tendency in Sisymbrium Officinarum (Smith). From Greece
Native of Spain, France, Switzerland, and Piedmont, in sandy to Tauria, and from Spain and Sicily to Sweden. Jacq. aust. t.
cultivated land, and among rubbish. Sinapis nasturtiifòlia, 322. Curt. fl. lond. 5. t. 48. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1631. S.
Lam. dict. 4. p. 346. Sisymbrium jacobeæfòlium, Berg. phyton. glàbrum, Willd. enum. suppl. 44. S. erysimastrum a, Lam. A.
icon. Sinapis Hispánica, Lam. fl. fr. 4. p. 645. Erysimum ob- fr. 2. p. 521. Herb with the hot flavour of mustard.
tusángulum, Clairv. herb. val. 219. Erùca inodòra, Bauh. hist. Var. B, S. glabrum (Jacq. hort. vind. from Schrad. spec,
.
2. p. 862. f. 3. Chabr. sciagr. 276. f. 6. Moris. oxon. 2. p. sicc.) lower leaves lyrate, with the terminal lobe rounder than
229. sect. 3. t. 5. f. 10. Plant very variable in size and hairi-
in var. a.
Stem hispid at the base, with reflexed bristles, the rest
S. pinnatifidum (Forsk. fl. arab. CXVI.) pods and
pubescent or smooth.
pedicels one-half shorter than in the species. Native of Arabia
Var. B, s. lævigàtum (Willd. spec. 3. p. 500.) stems smooth-
p
Felix, in the mountains of Hadio.
ish at base, not hispid.
Var. 8, S. Gallicum (Willd. enum, 678.) stem pubescent at
Blunt-angled-leaved Sisymbrium. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. the base.
Pl. 1 to 11 foot.
Irio, London-Rocket, or Broad-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl.
14 S. ACUTA’NGULUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 670.) stem and leaves July, Aug. Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
smooth; radical ones runcinate, cauline ones pinnatifid, lobes 18 s. NITIDUM (Zea. in Desf. cat. hort. paris, 1815. p. 153.)
and recesses acute ; calyx much spreading ; pods rough.
smooth ; lower leaves lyrate, repand-toothed, upper ones hastate,
Native of Piedmont, and also of the hills in the south of France angular, running into the foot-stalk at the base; pods sessile,
and Liguria; of the Pyrenees, Dauphiny, and Savoy, in rugged filiform, spreading, rather incurved. O. H. Native of Spain.
exposed places of valleys, and on low mountains. Erýsimum S. Zeæ, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 904.
syst. 2. p. 904. Flowers small, yellow, not
Pyrenaicum, Vill. prosp. p. 39. t. 21. f. 2. Sinapis Pyrenaica,
.
white. Seeds small, pale, oval, compressed. Very like S. Irio.
.
Lin. spec. 934. Jacq. vind. 3. p. 50. t. 97.
. 50. t. 97. All. ped. no. 960. Shining Hedge-Mustard. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. to 1 ft.
t. 55. f. 1. Sisymbrium Pyrenaicum, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 341. t. 19 S. SUBHASTA'TUM (Willd. enum. 679.) smooth, somewhat
38. not of Lin. S. sinapioìdes, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 1812. glaucous ; radical leaves runcinate ; cauline leaves lanceolate,
vol. 4. p. 112. Stems sometimes rather pubescent; sparingly hastate at the base from two acute auricles ; pods spreading,
branched at the top. Pods slender, an inch long.
rigid ; pedicels thick, very short. O. H. Native of the islands
Acute-angled-leaved Sisymbrium. Fl. June, Aug. Cit. 1791. in the Archipelago. Brassica subhastata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 550.
Pl. 1 to 11 foot.
Stems branched.
15 S. TARAXACIFÒLIUM (D.C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 670. icon. Subhastate-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. 1817.
rar. gall. p. 11. t. 37.) leaves runcinately-pinnate-lobed ; lobes
Pl. 2 feet.
and recesses acute ; pods declinate, smooth; calyx erectish. 20 S. COLU’MNÆ (Jacq. aust. t. 323.) stem villous, somewhat
9. H. Native of the Mountains of Provence. Flowers hoary; leaves runcinate, pubescent; lobes toothed or entire,
very small, but the petals are, nevertheless, longer than the acute; pods erectish; calyx loose. 0. H. Native of waste
calyx. Pods usually declinate.
ground, among rubbish, by way sides, and in gardens in the south
Var. B, S. contortum (Cav. from Willd. enum. 678.) differing of Europe, particularly in the south of France, Alsace, Germany,
from the species in the stems being much more hispid at the south of Italy, Transylvania, and Greece ; also in Tauria and
base; radical leaves hispid, and the cauline ones less strictly Armenia. Plant very variable in height.
erect.
Var. a, altíssimum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 469.) pods smooth,
Var. Y, S. affine (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 44.) calyx more lobes of leaves almost entire. S. altíssimum, Lin. spec. 920.
spreading, with the leaves of S. taraxacifolium and the calyx of S. Waltheri, Crantz. aust. p. 91.-Buxb. cent. 5. p. 26. t. 51.
S. Austriacum.
Var. B, leiocarpum (D. C. l. c.) pods smooth ; lobes of leaves
Dandelion-leaved Sisymbrium. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. toothed. S. Colúmnæ, Jacq. aust. t. 323.—Column, ecphr. 1.
Pl. 1 to 11 foot.
p. 266. t. 268. S. villosum, Monch. meth. 251. Native of
16 S. AUSTRIACUM (Jacq. aust. 3. t. 262.) stem, pods, and
France.
leaves smooth ; radical leaves runcinate, cauline ones cut or pin- Var. 7, villosíssimum (D. C. l. c.) pods pubescent; stem and
natifid; lobes and recesses acute ; calyx spreading.
;
leaves very villous; lobes of leaves toothed. S. erysimästrum
;
Native of rugged exposed places, and among rubbish on hills, B, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 521. S. Loeselii, Thuil. fl. paris, ed. 2. vol.
and in valleys in the south of France, Piedmont, Switzerland and 1. p. 335. Native of France, about Paris.
Germany. S. multisiliquosum, Hoffm. germ. 4. p. 50. S. Var. O, tenuisíliquum (D. C. 1. c.) pods pubescent, very slen-
compréssum, Manch. suppl. 83.
der ; stem and petioles pubescent; lobes of leaves almost entire.
Var. B, S. Eckartsbergense (Willd. spec. 3. p. 502.) pods de- S. Colúmnæ, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 114. var, a. Native of Tauria.
flexed, spreading.
Var. ε, orientāle (D. C. 1. c.) pods puberulous ; the lower
Var. 7, S. erysimifolium (Pourr. act. toul. 3. p. 329.) pods part of the herb is downy-villous, upper part smooth ; lobes of
erect.
leaves toothed. S. orientale, Lin. amoen. 4.
S. orientale, Lin. amoen. 4. p. 322. spec. 921.
Var. 8, S. Tillièri (Bell. ined. Willd. spec. 3. p. 497.) Per- S. Colúmnæ, var. B, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 114. Native of Tauria.
haps differing from all, in the pods being longer, the radical Columna's Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1796. PI.
leaves more crowded, and fewer stem ones.
from 1 to 3 feet.
Austrian Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1799. Pl. 21 S. PANNÓNICUM (Jacq. coll. 1. p. 70. icon. rar. 1. t. 123.)
15 to 2 feet.
lower leaves runcinate, hispid, with toothed lobes ; upper leaves
17 S. I'Rio (Lin. ameen. 4. p. 270.) stem and leaves smooth; pinnate, smooth, with very entire linear lobes; pods spreading.
leaves runcinately-pinnatifid ; lobes toothed, terminal lobe elon- O.H. Native in sterile and rugged fields and vine-yards. In the
gated; calyx and pods spreading, erect. 0. H. Native of valleys of Anivie and Iserable in Switzerland. In Alsace, Hungary,
1
7. H.

CRUCIFERÆ. LVII. SISYMBRIUM.
207
a
-
Tauria, Caucasus, and Transylvania, &c. This plant covered the Flix-weed, is so named, from the quality attributed to it of
ground in and about Moscow, after the great fire of 1812. (Goldb.) curing immoderate laxity of the bowels. According to Linnæus
S. Sinapios, Retz.obs. 3. p. 37. S. sinapístrum, Crantz, aust. p. sheep and kine eat the plants, horses and goats are not fond of
52. S. altíssimum, Pall. ined. taur. Habl. taur. p. 158. from it, and swine refuse it. The force of gun-powder is said to be
.
Bieb. S. tenuifolium, Gener, scep. el. no. 613.? Flowers pale augmented by mixing a tenth part of the seeds with the other in-
yellow, almost cream-coloured. Pods spreading. Stems soli- gredients. The plant formerly was prescribed in dysenteries
tary, sometimes beset with long hairs.
and hysterical cases, and the seed was given to destroy worms,
Hungarian Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1787. but none of these virtues and qualities have been well ascer-
Pl. 2 feet.
tained. Flowers small, greenish-yellow, somewhat corymbose.
22 S. SEPTULA'TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 471.) leaves smooth, Pods erect, linear, smooth. A large branching downy plant.
pinnate-parted ; lobes linear, somewhat toothed in front, acute; Fine-leaved Hedge Mustard or Flix-weed. Fl. July, Aug.
pods somewhat spreading ; dissepiment bearing impressed seeds Britain. Pl. 2 or 4 feet.
in the cells. Native of Syria, about Aleppo. Perhaps a proper 29 S. Pe'rsicum (Spreng. nov. prov. p. 39. no. 88.) leaves bi-
genus,
allied to Moréttia. Stem whitish.
pinnate; lobules linear ; pedicels twice the length of the calyx;
Septulate Hedge-Mustard. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
petals a little longer than the calyx. O. H. Native of Persia.
23 S. CARTILAGÍNEUM (Pall. herb. from Fisch. in litt.) leaves Flowers very small. Pods almost parallel with the axis. A
scabrous, pinnate-parted; lobes linear, entire or somewhat slender branched plant, very like S. Sophia. Stems pubescent
toothed, thickish ; upper leaves undivided. 4.? 8.? H. Na- with minute 3-parted hairs. Leaves smoothish.
tive on cretaceous mountains in Tauria and Iberia. Pods elon- Persian Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
gate, narrowed at the base. Perhaps a species of Diplotáxis or 1819. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Stanlèya. Stem erect, smooth, nearly simple.
30 S. CANE'SENS (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 68.) leaves bipin-
Cartilaginous-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl.? Pl. 1 foot. nate, canescent; lobules blunt, toothed; petals equal in length
24 S. LYRA'TUM (Burm. fl
. cap. 17.) lower leaves pilose, ly- with the calyx; pods clavate, shorter than the pedicels. O. H.
rately-runcinate, lobes toothed; upper leaves oblong, smooth, Native of North America, from Virginia to Georgia. S. Sophia,
toothed ; pods somewhat spreading, smooth. 4. G. Native Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 440 ? Very like S. Sophìa, but much
of the Cape of Good Hope. S. sylvestre, Burm. herb. Seeds smaller. Petals obovate, pale yellow.
ovate, compressed, small, rufous. Deless, icon. sel. 2. t. 64. Grey Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
Lyrate-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Pl. 12 foot.
1827. Pl. 1 to 1, foot.
25 S. BURCHE'LLII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 472.) leaves pinnate, pi- 31 S. BRACHYCA'RPUM (Richards. in Frankl. narr. journ. p.
lose ; lobes oblong, bluntly sinuate-angular; pods spreading, sca- 744.) leaves bipinnate ; lobes blunt, entire or sparingly cut ;
brous; pedicels short, thick ; stem hispid with spreading hairs. petals larger than the calyx; pods linear, somewhat 4-sided,
O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, beyond the colonial shorter than the pedicels. 0. H. Native of the Arctic region
territory, near the rivulet called Sack-river. Sisymbrium, no. between 54º and 640 degrees of north latitude. Very like s.
1496, Burch. cat. geogr. pl. afr. austr. Pods nearly the same as Sophia, but the pods are one-half shorter than in that species.
those of S. ásperum. Stems sparingly branched.
Short-podded Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July.
Burchell's Hedge-Mustard. Pl. to 1 foot.
Clt. 1827. Pl. Į to 1 foot.
26 S. GARIEPI'NUM (Burch. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 472.) leaves 32 S. TRIPINNATUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 475.) leaves tripinnate,
pinnate-parted; lobes toothed, acutish, scabrous with branched velvety with starry down ; Tobules oblong-linear, somewhat
hairs ; pods scabrous, erectish ; stems covered with appressed toothed; pods slender, elongated, smooth. 0. H. Native of
down. O. H. Native of the Cape beyond the Orange river, in the Cape of Good Hope in dry places at the river Gaurits. Sina-
open places, var. B, in groves, at the fountain called Kosi. Pods pis? tripinnata, Burch. cat. geogr. afr. aust. no. 1640. trav. 1.
round, scabrous from small starry hairs. Stem branched. p. 318. An intermediate species between S. Sophia and S.
Var. a, aprìcum ; Burch. cat. geogr. no. 2080.
millefolium.
Var. B, nemorosum ; Burch. I. c. no. 2558.
Tripinnate-leaved Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Pl. 2 feet.
Gariep Hedge-Mustard. Pl. 17 foot.
33 S. MILLEFO'LIUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 391.)
27 S. A'sperum (Lin. spec. 920.) leaves smooth, pinnate- leaves somewhat tripinnate, hoary; lobules blunt, small; stem
parted, with oblong, blunt, toothed, lobes ; pedicels very short ; suffruticose; petals larger than the calyx. h. G. Native of
pods scabrous, pointed with the short style. 1.H. Native of Teneriffe on rocks in the lower parts of the island. Sinapis
the south of France, Dauphiny, &c. Spain, Portugal at the Ta- millefolia, Jacq, icon. rar. t. 27. Flowers crowded-corymbous.
gus, in humid sandy or gravelly places.–J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. A small branched shrub.
858. f. 3. Chabr. sciagr. 275. f. 2. Stems many, from the same Millefoil-leaved Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, Sept.
Shrub 1 to 1į foot.
Rough Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1778. Pl. I to ft. 34 S. TANACETIFO'LIUM (Lin. spec. 916.) leaves pinnate;
§ 3. Sophiæ. Cauline leaves bipinnate, with cut pinnatifid or
segments lanceolate, deeply-serrated, outer ones confluent; pe-
multifid lobes. Flowers small, yellow.
tals larger than the calyx; pods shorter than the pedicels. 4.
H. Native of exposed cold situations in Piedmont, Switzerland,
28 S. Sophi'a (Lin. spec. 922.) leaves bipinnate ; lobes cut, Savoy, Dauphiny, Provence, and the Pyrenees. Erysimum
oblong-linear ; pedicels 4-times longer than the calyx; petals tanacetifolium, Clairv. herb. val. 219.--Zann. hist. 86. t. 33.-
smaller than the calyx. 0. H. Native among rubbish, dry Mor. hist. 2. p. 231. sect. 3. t. 6. f. 19. Stems erect, simple,
banks, waste ground, and dung-hills, very frequent in Britain corymbose at the top. Leaves crowded, soft, with short starry
and many other parts of Europe, from Portugal to Ingria, and down. Seeds small.
from England to the Morea, also of Eschscholz Bay on the west- Tansy-leaved Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July.
coast of America. Smith, engl, bot. t. 963. Mart. fl. rust. t. Clt. 1731. Pl. 1 foot.
57. S. parviflòrum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 519. Sophìa Chirurgiò-.
35 S. MULTIFIDUM (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 904.)
.
rum, Lob. icon. 738. f. 1. Blackw. herb. t. 440. et seriphium stem erect, smooth ; lower leaves hairy, pinnate; leaflets lanceo-
Weinm. phyton. t. 941. f. a.
6. The wisdom of surgeons," or
late-linear, toothed, lower ones reflexed ; leaflets of the upper
.
root.

208
CRUCIFERÆ. LVII. SisyMBRIUM.
-
-
leaves filiform, smooth ; flowers panicled; siliques very long, 480. prod. 1. p. 195. Siliques linear, compressed. Stigma
flexuous, slender, crowned by the thick stigma. O ?H. Na-
O
sessile, truncate. Flowers white, on very short bractless pedicels.
tive of?
43 S. BurSIFOLIUM (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 322.) leaves lyrately-
Multifid-leaved Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Pl. 2 feet. pinnatifid, smooth; stem erect, leafy ; pedicels thick, shorter
36 S. MYRIOPHYÖLLUM (H. B. et Kth. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 477.) than the calyx. O. H. Native of Sicily. A'rabis bursifolia,
leaves bipinnate; segments blunt; petals larger than the calyx ; Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 511.-Dill, elth. 179. t. 148. f. 177. Hésperis
pods lanceolate.-Native of Quito at the bottom of Mount dentàta, Lin. spec. 928. Flowers small
, white.
Cotopaxi among stones at the height of 4550 feet. Nastúr- Shepherd's-purse-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt.
tium myriophyllum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 883. A very branching 1733. Pl. à to å foot.
plant. Flowers pedicelled. Seeds ovate, minute.
44 S. PINNATI'FIDUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 667. syst. 2.
p. 481.)
Myriad-leaved Flix-weed or Hedge-Mustard. Pl. 2 or 3 feet. radical leaves lyrate, cauline ones pinnate-parted; lobes linear,
entire, terminal one largest; pedicels very slender, somewhat
Sect. V. KIBE'RA (meaning unknown.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 477. shorter than the calyx. 4. H. Native of rocky and stony
prod. 1. p. 194. Pedicels bracteate at the base. Style short, pastures in the mountains of Europe, particularly in the Pyre-
. 1
thick, retuse. Flowers small, yellow or white, rarely purple. nees, the mountains of Auvergne, France, Switzerland, and Pied-
37 PERUVIA'NUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 477.) pedicels axillary, mont. Cardámine runcinata, Pourr. act. tol. 3. p. 310. Sisym-
smooth, longer than the calyx; pods hispid, spreading ; leaves brium bursifolium, Gouan. ill. p. 42. Sisymbrium dentàtum,
oblong, deeply-serrated.-Native of Peru. Ān erect, herba- All. ped. no. 1001. t. 57. f. 3. A'rabis pinnatifida, Lam. dict.
ceous, branched plant. Bracteas violaceous, oblong-linear, 1. p. 221. ill. t. 563. f. 3. A'rabis dentàta, Clairv. herb. val.
toothed, longer than the pedicels, but sometimes they are abor- 223. Root perennial, suffruticose, much divided at the neck.
tive at the top of the raceme. Flowers small, probably yellow. Pinnatifid-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Peruvian Hedge-Mustard. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Pl. A to Z foot.
38 S. supr’NUM (Lin. spec. 917.) pedicels axillary, very short, 45 S. Erysimor'des (Desf. atl. 2. p. 84. t. 158.) leaves lyrately-
)
ERYSIMOI'DES )
solitary ; pods erect, puberulous ; leaves sinuately-pinnatifid ; pinnatifid, lobes unequally toothed, terminal one largest; pedicels
stems covered with reflexed pubescence. O. H. Native of very short ; pods rectangular spreading. O. H. Native of
sandy humid places, and on the margins of fields along the banks Tunis in sandy places near Kervan, and in the island of Tene-
of the Seine about Paris, in Switzerland, also in Spain, &c. riffe. About the divisions of fields in dry places of Spain in
A'rabis supina, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 512.-Isnard in act. acad. paris, Murcia and Granada. S. rigídulum, Lag. gen. et spec. pl. p. 20.
1724. t. 18. Stems either decumbent or erect, simple or branch- A smooth herb with very small white flowers.
ed. Flowers small, white.
Erysimum-like Hedge-Mustard. Fl. Jan. April. Clt. 1825.
.
Supine Hedge-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1788. Pl. to ft. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
39 S. RUNCINA'TUM (Lag. A. hisp. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 478.) 46 S. RAMULO'SUM (Del. ægypt. ill. 19.) lower leaves pinnate-
pedicels axillary, very short, solitary; pods incurved, and are as lobed ; lobes few, acute, entire, with the terminal one oblong;
well as the stem smooth ; leaves oblong, runcinately-toothed. cauline leaves oblong-linear, almost entire ; pedicels longer than
O. H. Native of Spain about Orcelis among rubbish.
rubbish. Stems the calyx. O. H. Native of Egypt, near Minyet and Beny-
branched from the base, diffuse. Floral leaves sessile. Flowers
Flowers Soueyf. Flowers small, probably white.
small, probably white.
Branched Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot.
Runcinate-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Pl. { ft. 47 S.? CINE'REUM (Desf. atl. 2. p. 83. t. 157.) leaves pubes-
40 S. HIRSU'TUM (Lag. from Dufr. in litt. D. C. syst. 2. p. cent, somewhat fleshy, pinnate-parted ; lobes linear-filiform,
478.) pedicels axillary, very short, solitary; bracteas oblong- entire ; pedicels longer than the calyx. 0. H. Native of
linear, almost entire ; pods erect, and are as well as stem pu- Mauritania near Cafsa in sandy places. Petals pale violet,
bescent. O.H. Native of Spain about Madrid. Flowers small. twice the length of the calyx. Seeds small, but their structure
Hairy Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. į ft. is unknown, and therefore the genus to which it should belong is
41 S. POLYCERA'TIUM (Lin. spec. 3. p. 918.) pedicels in threes, doubtful. Perhaps a species of Hesperis or Arabis.
axillary, very short; pods erect, smooth ; leaves sinuately- Cinereous Hedge-Mustard. Fl. in winter. Pl. I to 1 foot.
runcinate; lobes acute, toothed, lower ones largest. O. H. 48 S. TORULÒSUM (Desf. atl. 2. p. 84. t. 159.) leaves oblong ;
Native throughout the south of Europe on humid walls and in radical ones somewhat pinnatifid, cauline ones coarsely toothed ;
fissures of rocks. It also grows about Bury in Suffolk, but it pedicels very short ; pods hispid, straight. 0. H. Native of
certainly has been introduced there. Jacq. vind. t. 79. S. cor- Tunis, in waste land near Sbiba, and in the island of Cyprus.
niculatum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 520. A fetid somewhat erect herb, Smith fl. græc. t. 632. Stems 2 or 3. Flowers white.
with small yellow flowers, which are sessile in the axillæ of the Torulose Hedge-Mustard. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1824. Pl. į ft.
-
leaves.
49 S. CONTORTUPLICA'TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 483.) leaves ob-
Many-podded Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1633. long, radical ones pinnatifid, cauline ones toothed or entire ;
Pl. į to 1 foot.
pedicels length of calyx; pods hispid, usually twisted. O. H.
42 S. RIGIDUM (Bieb. suppl. p. 439.) pedicels very short, Native of the desert of Cumana, also about Kitzliar and Astra-
axillary or naked ; pods and erect stems hispid ; leaves smooth- can, especially in sandy places. Cheiránthus contortuplicàtus,
ish, oblong, acutely runcinately-pectinate. O. H. Native of the Steph. in Willd, spec. 3. p. 521. Hésperis contortuplicata,
south of Tauria. Erysimum polyceràtium, Pall. itin. 3. p. 741. Bieb. fl. taur.
Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 124. Flowers from white to purplish.
app. no. 103. t. Mm. f. 1. ed. gall. 8vo. app. p. 346. no. 351. Var. B, rectisíliquum (Fisch. in litt.) siliques straight, or
t. 107. Hésperis rígida, Steven from cat. hort. gor. 1808. p. hardly curved.
82. Bristles on stems long. Petals oblong-linear, white.
Twisted-folded-podded Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
Rigid-bristled Hedge-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816.
Clt. 1816. 1819. Pl. foot.
Pl. I to foot.
50 S. SETO'SUM (Ledeb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 902.) stem sim-
ple, erect, smooth above ; radical leaves lyrate, sharply-toothed,
Sect. VI, ARABIDO'PSIS (from Arabis and oļis, opsis, resem- hispid, cauline ones few, small, lanceolate, sessile. O. H. Na-
blance; plants resembling the genus A'rabis.) D. C. syst. 2. p. tive of the north of Persia. Flowers probably white.

CRUCIFERÆ. LVII. SISYMBRIUM. LVIII. ALLIARIA. LIX. ErysIMUM.
209
2. H.
Bristly Hedge-Mustard. Pl. 1 foot.
young cuttings will root readily under a hand-glass, if planted
in a pot and placed in a sheltered situation : the last is a hardy
+ Species, the generic characters of which are doubtful.
perennial, fit for shrubberies, and is easily increased by dividing
51 S. ? A'LBUM (Pall. itin. 3. app. no. 102. t. U. ed gall. 8vo. the plants at the root.
vol. 8. app. no. 349. p. 344. t. 96.) leaves white from pubes-
cence, pinnate-parted ; lobes oblong, bluntish, and are as well as LVIII. ALLIA'RIA (from Allium, Garlic ; plants smelling
stem without glands.
Native of Siberia at lake like garlic when bruised). Adans. fam. 2. p. 418. D. C. syst.
Baikal. Nastúrtium álbum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 883. Root fru- 2. p. 488. prod. 1. p. 196.
.
tescent, with many stems rising from the same neck. Racemes LYN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique roundish,
when in flower corymbose, afterwards elongating. Flowers somewhat four-sided, with prominent nerves. Calyx loose.
white. Stamens all toothless. Pods scarcely the length of pe- Seeds somewhat cylindrical. Cotyledons linear-oblong, flat. Pe-
dicel. Perhaps a species of Nastúrtium, from its short pods, rennial erect herbs.
rennial erect herbs. Leaves large, stalked, toothed, cordate or
and it may probably form a separate genus with Nastúrtium sa- orbiculate. Racemes terminal, at time of flowering corymbose,
gittàtum.
afterwards elongated; pedicels bractless. Flowers white.
White-flowered Hedge-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Pl. į to i ft. 1 A. OFFICINA'LIS (Andrz. cruc. from Bieb. fl. taur. suppl.
52 S.? NA'NUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 486.) leaves oblong, si- p. 445.) leaves cordate ; pods prismatic, much longer than the
nuately-pinnatifid, velvety with starry down ; pods torulose. pedicels. 4. H. Native throughout Europe under hedges,
O. H. Native of eastern Siberia. Cheiranthus nànus, Merk. coppices, and in ditches ; also in Persia about Lenkeran. Ery-
ined. Mathìola nàna, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 897. Two or three simum Alliària, Lin. spec. 922. Fl. dan. 935. Bull. herb.
stems, rising from the same root. Petals oblong, purplish. Seeds 338. Smith, engl. bot. 796. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1835. t.
not sufficiently known. Habit of Malcòmia.
183. Hésperis Alliària, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 503. Sisymbrium
Dwarf Hedge-Mustard. Fl. April, June. Pl. 1
Pl. 1 foot.
Alliària, Scop. carn. ed. 2. no. 825. Erysimum cordifolium,
Pall. ined. taur. Stok. bot. mat. med. 3.
p.
458.
Species not sufficiently known.
Var. ß ; leaves more deeply cut. Mich. hort. flor. p. 49. no. 4.
53 S. SINA'PIS (Burm. fl. ind. 140. exclusive of the synonyms This plant having a strong smell and taste of garlic, it was for-
of Barrelier, which are referable to A'rabis Thaliàna). Native merly used by country people in sauces; with bread and butter,
of Java. Leaves sublyrate, toothed. Flowers very small, salted meat, and in salads, hence one of its common names sauce
white. Stature and appearance of Sinàpis arvensis.
alone, and from growing by hedge sides it is called Jack by the
Sinapis-like Hedge-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Pl. 1 to 1} ft. hedge. In Germany it is called
das Knoblauchkraut, der Knob-
54 S. PATENS (Moench. meth. 251.). O. H. Native? lauchhederich, Lauchel, Waldknoblauch, Ramfen, Ramschelwur-
Leaves runcinate, extreme segment sagittate ; upper leaves lan- zel, Gernsel, Salsekraut, Saskraut. In Danish Hvidlög surt,
ceolate. Petals pale yellow, entire. Pods round, smooth, bi- Gaflekaal. In Swedish Hvitlöksort. In French L'Alliare,
fariously pilose. Perhaps a species of Brássica.
l'herbe des aux, l'herbe aux aillets. In Spanish and Portuguese
Spreading-branched Hedge-Mustard. Pl. 2 feet?
Alliaria. The whole plant, as the generic name imports, scents
55 S. CAPE'NSE (Thunb. prod. 109.). Native of the Cape of strongly of garlic. It is occasionally used as a salad, boiled as
Good Hope. Stem panicled, smooth. Pods linear, smooth. a pot-herb, or introduced in sauces. Mr. Neill observes that
Cape Hedge-Mustard. Pl. 1 foot.
“ when gathered as it approaches the flowering state, boiled
56 S. SERRA'TUM (Thunb. prod. 109.) Native of the Cape of separately, and then eaten to boiled mutton, it certainly forms a
Good Hope. Stêm somewhat 3-sided. Leaves elliptical, sharply- most desirable pot-herb; and to any kind of salted meat an
toothed, or serrated, smooth.
excellent green.” According to Linnæus's observation, horses,
Saw-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Pl. 1 foot.
sheep, and swine refuse it, but kine and goats eat it. If eaten
57 S. CRASSIFO'LIUM (Cav. præl. p. 437. no. 977. Lag. in by cows it gives a strong disagreeable taste to the milk. When
hort. madr. ined. t. 24.) 4. H. Native of Spain in waste it grows in poultry-yards the fowls eat it, and it gives an in-
places about Madrid. Radical leaves sinuately-runcinate, some- tolerable rank taste to their flesh. The seeds excite sneezing,
what fleshy, upper ones linear, quite entire. Spikes nodding at The leaves were formerly recommended internally as sudorific
Flowers pale sulphur-coloured. Siliques filiform, and deobstuent, of the nature of garlic, but much milder ; ex-
curved. Perhaps a species of Diplotáxis.
ternally as antiseptic, in gangrenous and cancerous ulcers,
Thick-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. Officinal Jack-by-the-hedge or Sauce alone. Fl. May, June.
Pl. I to foot.
Britain. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
58 S. FUGAX (Lag. elench. hort. madr. 1805 and 1815. p. 20.) 2 A. BRACHYCAʼRPA (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 445.) leaves ovate-
4. H. Native of Spain. Plant smooth. Leaves lyrate; lobes orbicular; pods lanceolate, length of pedicel. H. H. Native
oblong-lanceolate, acute. Pods filiform, at length twisted.
of Iberia. Ráphanus Taúricus, Adam. Ráphanus rotundi-
Fugacious Hedge-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. to 1 ft. folius, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 130. Stems either procumbent or
59 S. LEPTOPHY'LLUM (Raf. fl. lud. p. 84. no. 268.). Native
. )erect.
of Louisiana near water. Leaves pinnate; segments lobed, Short-podded Jack-by-the-hedge. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824.
smooth, terminal one largest. Flowers small, yellowish. Petals Pl. 3 foot.
shorter than the stamens and calyx. Stigma sessile. Pods long, Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating except in general
round.
collections ; they are easily increased by seeds.
Slender-leaved Hedge-Mustard. Fl. Feb. Mar. Pl. 1 foot.
Cult. The greater part of the species of this genus are not LIX. ERY'SIMUM (from epuw, eryo, to draw, to cure ; on
worth cultivating, except in botanic gardens. They grow well account of its supposed salutary effects in medicine. It is even
in any kind of soil, and are all easily increased by seeds, or the now reckoned a powerful cure for a sore throat ; it is also said
perennial kinds may be increased by dividing the plants at the to draw and produce blisters). Gærtn. fruct, 2. p. 297. t. 143.
root. Sisymbrium millefolium and strictíssimum are the only D. C. syst. 2. p. 490. prod. 1.
D. C. syst. 2. p. 490. prod. 1. p. 196. Erýsimum et Brássica,
p
species worth general cultivation. The first is a greenhouse shrubby Lin.
species from Teneriffe, it grows freely in a rich light soil, and LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique 4-sided. (f. 46.q.)
Еe
the top
-
VOL.I.PART III.

210
CRUCIFERÆ. LIX. ERYSIMUM.
8.H.
Calyx closed. Cotyledons flat, oblong. Herbs biennial or peren- Cuspidate-podded Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Clt.
nial, rarely suffrutescent at the base, usually branched, sometimes 1800. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
smooth, sometimes pubescent or hairy. Leaves variable, usually 6 E. RUPE'STRE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 494.) leaves somewhat
oblong-linear, entire, or toothed, stalked, sessile, or as in Corin- toothed, radical ones spatulate, cauline ones oblong, all pubes-
gia, cordate, stem-clasping. Racemes elongated, terminal, many- cent with 2 or 3-parted hairs ; stem suffruticose ; length of the
flowered ; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow, rarely
Flowers yellow, rarely style exceeding the breadth of the pod. 4. h. H.
4. h.H. Native of
cream-coloured or whitish,
Bithynia on Mount Olympus. Cheiránthus rupestris. Smith,
A. græc. t. 633. A tufted suffruticose, branched plant. Flowers
Sect. I. STYLONEMA (from otvlos, stylos, a column or style, yellow, few, size of those of E. cuspidàta.
vnua, nema, a thread ; style filiform). D. C. syst. 2. p. 491. Rock Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Pl. 1 foot.
prod. 1. p. 196. Style long, filiform ; stigmas 2, spreading
(f. 46. q.). Calyx almost permanent. Flowers nearly sessile. Sect. III. ErysIMA'STRUM (altered from Erysimum). D. C.
1 E. SILICULOSUM (D. C. syst. 3. p. 491.) pods shorter than syst. 2. p. 494. prod. 1. p. 197. Style short, or scarcely any.
p
the style, younger pods covered with the permanent calyx; Síliques 4-sided. (f. 46. q.) Calyx deciduous. Leaves not cordate,
flowers on short pedicels; leaves linear, quite entire.
nor stem-clasping. Flowers distinctly pedicelled.
Native of the desert of Cumana in Tauria and about Astracan.
7 E. LEPTÓSTYLUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 494.) leaves lanceolate,
Cheiranthus siliculòsus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 121. suppl. 443. remotely toothed, pubescent with 3 or 4-parted hairs; branches
Syrènia siliculosa, Andrz, cruc. ined. Deless, icon. sel. 2. t. 65.
few, rather upright; petals somewhat orbicular ; pods erect;
Flowers yellow. Siliques hoary. Plant canescent,
style filiform. 5. H. Native on the bank of the Lower Tanais,
Silicled Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. about Charkovia, and on the sides of a mountain called Besch-
2 E. SI'CULUM (Spreng. new. entd. 3. p. 51.) pods shorter tau, in Caucasus. Cheiranthus grandiflorus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p.
than the style, prismatic, hoary, also the adult ones are covered 117. suppl. p. 441, but not of Desf. Stem erect, sparingly
with the permanent calyx ; flowers on short pedicels ; leaves branched. Flowers yellow. Plant hoary.
linear, smoothish. J.H. Native of Sicily. Flowers yellow. Slender-styled Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1827.
Sicilian Treacle-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 ft.
Pl. 14 foot.
3 E. SESSILIFLO‘RUM (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 116.) 8 E. EXALTA'TUM (Andrz. in Bess, enum. cont. 2. no. 1554.)
pods length of style, younger ones covered by the permanent canescent, scabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, narrowed at each
calyx; flowers sessile ; leaves linear, entire. 2. H. Native end, spreading, remotely denticulated; pods erectly spreading :
of the salt deserts and mountains of Siberia, and of Tauria, outer glands of receptacle 2-horned. T. H. Native of Podolia.
also of Caucasus. Cheiránthus quadrangulàris, Lher. stirp. 1. Very like E. leptostylum. Flowers yellow. .
p. 91. t. 44.
Cheiránthus montanus, Pall. itin. 1. p. 496. no. Exalted Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Pl. 2 ft.
115. Cheir. cornutus, Lam, dict. 2. p. 717. Erysimum cor- 9 E. SUFFRUTICÒSUM (Spreng. nov. prov. p. 17. no. 36.)
nùtum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 200. Cheir. angulátus, Schultz. stem suffruticose at the base ; leaves lanceolate, entire, pubes-
obs.
p. 129. Syrènia Lamarckii, Andrz. cruc. ined. Stems at cent from 2-parted hairs; pods erect; length of style exceeding
base suffrutescent. Flower's sulphur-coloured, sweet-scented. the breadth a little. h. H. Native — ? Cheiranthus fruti-
The stems, younger leaves, and calyx are whitish-grey.
còsus, Lher. herb. Stem branching much from the base.
Sessile-flowered Treacle-Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1794. Flowers at first corymbose, about a quarter the size of those of
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Cheiranthus Cheìri, pale yellow, or almost citron coloured. Plant
4 E. ANGUSTIFO'LIUM (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 155.) pods much very like Cheiranthus Cheiri.
longer than the style, younger ones covered with the permanent Suffruticose Treacle-Mustard. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1822.
calyx ; flowers almost sessile; leaves linear, entire. 8. H. Pl. 1 to 17 foot.
Native of Hungary and Transylvania in dry sandy plains. 10 S. ODORA'TUM (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 157.) stem branched
Walds. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 101. t. 98. Cheiranthus virgàtus,
Cheiránthus virgàtus, leaves lanceolate, deeply toothed, scabrous, with 3-parted hairs ;
Poir. suppl. 2. p. 781. Syrènia Ehrárti, Andrz. cruc. ined. claws of petals about equal in length to the calyx ; siliques
Cheirínia angustifolia, Link. enum. 2. p. 170. Flowers very like straight, elongated, crowned by a 2-lobed stigma. 7. H. Na-
those of E. sessiliflorum, but a little smaller. Plant canescent. tive of Hungary and Volhynia. S. stríctum, var. B, odoratum,
Narrow-leaved Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. D. C. prod. 1. p. 197. Flowers yellow, sweet scented.
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Sweet-scented Treacle-Mustard. Fl. July. Clt. 1795. Pl.
1 to 2 feet.
SECT. II. CUSPIDA'RIA (from cuspis, a point ; style). D. C. 11 E. ROBU'STUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 202.) leaves lan-
syst. 2. p. 493. prod. 1. p. 197. Style filiform, short. Silique ceolate, mucronulate, toothed, tapering to the base, silky on both
tetragonal, 2-edged. Calyx falling off with the petals. Flowers surfaces ; siliques ascendant, puberulous, 5-times longer than the
on short but distinct pedicels.
pedicel ; stem angular, silky, branched. 1. H. Native of
5 E. CUSPIDA'TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 493.) pods thrice the Gosaingsthan. Stem stiff, heptagonal. Pedicels tetragonal.
length of the style, 2-edged, naked; flowers on short pedicels; Flowers yellow. Stigma broad. Siliques tetragonal.
leaves oblong-lanceolate, sinuately toothed. S. H. Native of Robust Treacle-Mustard. Pl. 2 feet.
Bithynia, Moldavia, Sicily, Tauria, Caucasus, and in Iberia near 12 E. STRÍCTUM (Gært. fl. wetter. 2. p. 451. no. 836.) leaves
Tiflis. Cheiránthus cuspidàtus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 120. lanceolate, toothed, pubescent from 3-parted hairs; stem up-
suppl. 443.
Cheiranthus Bithynicus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 200. right; pods erect; style very short, stigma 2-lobed.
. H.
Syrènia Biebersteinii, Andrz. cruc. ined.-Buxb. cent. 2. p. 23. Native of Volhynia, Transylvania, Austria, and Dauphiny, in gra-
t. 33. f. 1. E. glàbrum, Presl. ex Spreng. Sinapis tetraèdra, velly fields. E. Pannónicum, Crantz. aust. 28. E. hieracifolium,
Presl. The cultivated plants are almost smooth, while the spon- Jacq. aust. t. 73. E. odoratum, Willd.
E. odoratum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 512.
512. Chei-
taneous ones are rather grey, especially on the stem, with ap- rínia strícta, Link, enum. 2. p. 170. Stems 1 or 2 from the
pressed hairs, which are fixed by the centre, hence they are same root. Flowers yellow.
2-parted. Flowers yellow. Seed ovate, obliquely truncate at Straight-stemmed Treacle-Mustard. Fl.Jun. Aug. Clt. 1795.
the top on both sides.
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
a
3
-

CRUCIFERÆ, LIX. ERYSIMUM.
211
;
8. H.
13 E. VIRGA'TUM (Roth. cat. bot. 75.) leaves oblong-lanceo- erectly-spreading, twice the length of the pedicels; stigma small,
)
late, somewhat toothed, pubescent from 3-parted hairs ; stem almost sessile. O. H. Native throughout the whole of Eu-
straight, round; pods erect ; length of style rather exceeding the
;
rope, from France and Italy to Lapland and Siberia ; also in Vir-
breadth of pod. 4. H. Native of gravelly places in the Alps, ginia and Louisiana ; plentiful in Britain, in turnip fields, gardens,
of Jura, and by way-sides in Holland, &c. E. hieracifòlium, osier-holts, hedges, and the margins of fields. Jacq. aust. t. 23.
Oed. fl. dan. 923.? Flower yellow, hardly sweet-scented. f. dan. 731. Smith, engl. bot. t. 942. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 297.
Var. B, Cheiranthus firmus; Willd. enum. suppl. 45.
t. 143. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1837. t. 183. Cheiranthus
ery-
Twiggy Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June, Jul. Člt. 1807. Pl. simoides, Huds. angl. 287. E. turritum, var. B, Lam. fl. fr. 2.
1 to 2 feet.
p. 514. Cheiranthus turritoides, Lam. dict. 2. p. 716. E.
14 E. LONGISILIQUÒSUM (Willd. enum. 680.) leaves oblong- cheiranthifolium, Gilib. fl. lith. in Ust. del. opus. 2. p. 361.
lanceolate, entire, somewhat pubescent from 3-parted hairs ; E. parviflòrum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 199. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p.
stem straight, round; pods erect, terminated by the very short 18. Stem erect, branched, rough, with small close, deflexed,
style. 7.
B. H. Native of Vallais, and about Geneva, in gravelly mostly simple bristles. Leaves and pods clothed with minute
places. E. virgatum, Schleich. pl. helv. D. C. icon. gall. rar. forked bristles. Flowers small yellow.
t. 36. Stems erect, sparingly branched. Flowers pale yellow; Var. B, Cheiránthus scapígerus (Willd. prod. no. 663. t. 5. f.
claws of petals length of calyx.
10.) stems almost leafless, bearing scape-like racemes.
Long-podded Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June,
Fl. June, July, Clt. 1819. Var. Y, Cheiránthus aquáticus (Lejeune, Al. spa. 2. p. 68.)
Pl. 2 feet.
stem diffuse ; leaves ovate lanceolate, blunt ; pods spreading an
15 E. CÆSPITÒSUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 497.) leaves somewhat inch long, seated on pedicels 4 lines long. Native of rivulets in
linear, quite entire, pubescent from 2-parted hairs; stems tufted, Holland.
suffruticose; pods erect; length of style twice the breadth of the Worm-seed or Wall-flower-like Treacle-Mustard. Fl. July.
pod. 2. hiH. Native of Persia, on the mountains in the
.
Britain. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
province of Ghilan or Guylan. Stems branched, tufted. Flowers 21 E. REPA'NDUM (Lin. amoen. 3. p. 415.) leaves linear-lan-
yellow; petals obovate.
ceolate, repand-toothed, somewhat pubescent with forked hairs;
Tufted Treacle-Mustard. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1828. Pl. 1 ft. pods spreading, hardly thicker than the short pedicels, to-
16 E. HIERACIFÒLIUM (Lin. spec. 923.) leaves lanceolate, nar- rulose ; stigma sessile. O. H. Native of corn-fields in the
rowed at the base, remotely and sharply sinuately-toothed, stem more temperate parts of Europe, particularly in Spain, Piedmont,
straight, a little branched, round; pods erect.
Native Etruria, Thuringia, Austria, Bohemia, Transylvania, Greece,
of Hercynia, about Neustad, on mountains ; in Sweden ; about Tauria, and Iberia. Jacq. aust. t. 22. E. ramosíssimum, Crantz.
Moscow, but rare : on Mount Hæmus. E. strictíssimum, Fl. aust. p. 29. Cheiranthus ramosíssimus, Lam. dict. 2. p. 717.,
vetter. 2. p. 451, from Gmel. E. Marschalliànum, Andrz. Stem much branched at the top. Flowers yellow. Seeds ru-
cruc. ined.?–J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 873. f. 2.-Besl. eyst. ord. 2. fous, oblong
t. 15. f. 2. Flowers pale-yellow, scentless. Allied on the one Var. B, símplex (D. C. syst. 2. p. 500.) stem simple, not
side to E. repandum, and on the other to E. odoràtum.
branched, Mich. hort. fl. p. 49. no. 9.
49. no. 9. Pl. foot.
Var.ß, pàtulum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 497.) pods spreading.
Repand-toothed-leaved Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, June.
Hawkweed-leaved Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, Jun. Clt. 1820. Clt. 1772. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
22 E.? TENE’LLUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 500.) leaves linear, re-
17 S. CREPIDIFÒLIUM (Rchb. ex. Spreng. syst. 2. p. 906.) pandly-toothed, stem almost simple; pods spreading? roundish;
stem branched ; leaves linear, dilated at the apex, sinuate-toothed, stigma 2-lobed, pedicelled. O. H. Native of the Levant, be-
,
scabrous with 3-parted hairs ; claws of petals exceeding the ca- tween Aleppo and Mossul. Very like E. repandum, var. ß,
lyx; siliques very long, spreading, crowned by the almost sessile but the flowers are much larger. Flowers yellow.
stigma. 6. H. Native of Germany. Flowers yellow.
Pliant Treacle-Mustard. Fl.? Pl. 1 foot.
Crepis-leaved Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1829. 23 E. HELVE'TICUM (D. C. f. fr. 4. p. 658.) leaves linear,
Pl. 1 foot.
entire, grey with appressed forked hairs; stem erect, hardly
18 Ę. AU'REUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 117. suppl. p. 440.) branched; pods erectish: stigmas pedicelled, emarginate.
leaves lanceolate, pointed, toothed, pubescent, green; branches H. Native of Switzerland in dry exposed places in valleys about
and pods spreading ; stigma thick, 2-lobed, somewhat pedicelled. Lenk, at the bottom of Mount Čramont. In Piedmont; in Car-
8. H. Native of thickets at Cape Caucasus, between Mosdok pathian mountains, near the termination of the range of Firs;
and Kisljar, at the river Terek, and also at the river Kuma. also in Sicily. Cheiránthus Helvéticus, Jacq. vind. t. 9. E.
Plant green. Stems branched at the top. Leaves somewhat sca- linearifolium, Moench. meth. 85. Cheiranthus pallens, Hall, fille.
brous with 3-parted hairs. Flowers golden, Deless.icon.sel. 2. t. 66. E. pallens, Pers. ench. 2. p. 200. E. Bonnaniànum, Presl. ex.
Golden-flowered Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Spreng. Petals obovate, pale yellow.
Pl. 2 or 3 feet.
Swiss Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1793. Pl. 12 foot.
19 E. IBE'RICUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 498.) lower leaves runci- 24 E. CANE'SCENS (Roth. cat. bot. 1. p. 76.) leaves linear,
nate, toothed, upper ones lanceolate, undivided ; floriferous entire, or somewhat toothed, greyish with forked hairs; petals
branches and pods compressed, 4-sided, erectly-spreading. 3. H. obovate-oblong; claws of the petals longer than the calyx; pods
Native of Caucasus on Alp Kaischaur, towards the snowy region, erect, 5-times longer than the pedicels; stigma almost sessile.
in the mountains about the Kuban, at the falls in Jucharibasch. B. H. Native on hills throughout the south of Europe, in dry
On Mount Ararat, in Armenia, where it flowers in August and and exposed places, Spain, south of France, Italy, Carniola,
September. Plant green, at first sight smooth, but is scabrous, Vallais, Austria, about Vienna; also of Sicily. Cheiranthus
with 3-parted, reversed hairs. Stems erect, simple or branched. alpinus, Lin. mant. 93 ? Jacq. aust. 1. p. 48. t. 75. E. syl-
Flowers yellow. Cheiranthus Armeniacus, Sims, bot. mag. t. véstre, Scop. carn. ed. 2. no. 630. E. diffùsum, Ehr. beit. 7,
835. A beautiful plant.
p. 157. Cheiranthus Bocconi, All. ped. no. 988. t. 58. f. 2?
Iberian Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1803. Pl. 1 ft. Ē. crassístylum, Presl. ex. Spreng. A very polymorphous plant
20 E. CHEIRANTHOIDES (Lin. spec. 923.) leaves lanceolate, with the stems sometimes solitary, sometimes diffuse, branched.
somewhat denticulated, green, and somewhat scabrous; pods Flowers yellow, scentless,
-
Ee 2

212
CRUCIFERÆ. LIX. ERYSIMUM.
.
.
Greyish Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731. Pl. 93? E. ochroleucum ß, D. C. fl. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 658. E.
I to foot.
alpìnum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 200. Flowers pale yellow.
25 E. ANDRZEJOSKIA'NUM (Bess. in litt, and D. C. syst. 2. p. Lance-leaved Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May,
Fl. May, July. Clt. 1597.
502.) leaves linear, channelled, somewhat toothed, greyish with Pl. Z to 1foot.
forked appressed hairs; petals obovate; claws of petals a little
;
31 E. RHÆ'TICUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 503.) leaves linear-lan-
longer than the calyx ; pods erect, twice the length of the pedicel ; ceolate, entire, or toothed ; stems somewhat ascendant ; claws
stigma almost sessile. f. H. Native of Tauria and Caucasus, of petals longer than the calyx ; petals obovate; pods erectish,
in dry exposed fields. E. diffùsum, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 116. very long; style longish. 3. H. Native of Rhætia. Cheirán-
Very like E. canescens. Floriferous branches panicled. Flowers thus Rhæticus, Schleich. pl. helv. Horn. hort. hafn. p. 613.
yellow. Plant hoary.
Stems clothed with forked hairs. Flowers yellow, like those of
Andrzejoski's Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818.
Clt. 1818. E. lanceolàtum.
Pl. 11 foot.
Rhætian Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 ft.
26 E. COLLINUM (Andrz. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 198.) lower 32 E. DU'BIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 504.) leaves lanceolate,
leaves stalked, spatulate, angularly-toothed, upper ones linear- toothed, narrowed at the base ; petals obovate-oblong ; pods
lanceolate, entire, clothed with 3-parted hairs ; stem erect, some- spreading; style scarcely any. F.H. Native of? Cheirán-
what branched ; pods rough, erect.
3. H. Native of grassy thus dubius, Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 73. Stems covered
hills at the river Terek, near the little town of the Cossacs with forked hairs. Leaves smooth, or hardly pubescent. Flowers
called Galuga. Cheiránthus collinus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 119. yellow, not so large as those of E. canéscens.
Flowers yellow, about the size of those of E. repandum.
Doubtful Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl.
Hill Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June. Clt. 1823. Pl. 2 feet.
1 to 11 foot.
27 E. LEPTOPHYLLUM (Andrz. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 198.) 33 E. LONGIFOLIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 504.) leaves linear-lan-
leaves all linear-lanceolate, quite entire, hoary, scabrous; stem ceolate, elongated, a little toothed: petals obovate-oblong; pods
branched, hoary; pods spreading, hoary. . H. Native of erect, pubescent; style longish. 4. H. Native of Algiers in
dry hills in Iberia, and in rather shaded
woody mountains near the fissures of rocks. E. grandiflorum, Desf. atl. 2. p. 88.
the Aragwi. Cheiranthus leptophyllus, Bieb. A. taur. 2. p. 119. Leaves 4 or 6 inches long. Flower large, yellow.
D. C. syst. 2. p. 182. Habit of E. diffùsum. Stems erect, Long-leaved Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1822. Pl.
branched. Flowers yellow.
I to 1 foot.
Slender-leaved Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. 34 E. GRACILE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 504.) leaves linear-lanceolate,
Pl. 1 foot.
toothed, pointed; petals obovate-oblong; pods erect, rather
28 E. MACLOVIA'NUM (Gay ex. Spreng. syst. app. p. 243.) rough from stellate hairs; style hardly any. 3. H. Native of
leaves lanceolate, denticulated, glaucous, bearded at the apex; the north of Caucasus and in Iberia about Tiflis. Stem co-
calyx deciduous; siliques very smooth, much longer than the vered with forked hairs, sparingly branched at the top, and
style. 5. H. Native of the Falkland Islands. Brássica Ma- covered with 2 or 3-parted hairs. Flowers yellow, about the
gellánica, Gaud. Brassica. Macloviàna, d’Urv.
size of those of E. canescens ; claws of petals length of calyx.
Maclove's Treacle-Mustard. Pl. 1 foot.
.
Slender Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Pl.
29 E. VERSI'COLOR (Andrz, in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 198.) 1 to 1 foot.
leaves-hoary, lower ones runcinate, upper ones linear, very en- 35 E. RIGIDUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 505.) leaves linear-lanceo-
tire ; branches spreading ; pods hoary, straight. 3. H. Native late, acutely toothed ; pods spreading, smooth, stiff; style hardly
of the north of Persia, in arid fields adjacent to Caucasus, also any. (f. 46. q.) Native of the Levant. Stem much branched,
at the river Terek, about Kisljar and Mosdok, and in the desert covered with appressed 2-parted down. Flowers yellow. Deless.
of Cumana. Cheiranthus versícolor, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 119. icon. sel. 2. t. 67.
suppl. p. 442. D. C. syst. 2. p. 182. Cheiranthus leucanthe- Rigid-podded Treacle-Mustard. Pl. 2 feet.
mus, Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 521. Habit of E. leptophyl-
p
36 E. SCA'BRUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 505.) leaves linear-lanceo-
p
lum. Stems clothed with forked hairs, and the leaves with late, lower ones blunt, somewhat toothed; racemes short ; pods
3-parted hairs. Flowers of various colours, particularly white, erect, tuberculately scabrous; style conical-filiform. Native
cream, sulphur-yellow, or deep yellow.
of Mount Lebanon. Stems and leaves grey from appressed
Various-coloured-flowered Treacle-Mustard. Fl. May, June. forked hairs. Flowers unknown.
Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 foot.
Scabrous-podded Treacle-Mustard. Pl. 1 foot.
30 E. LANCEOLATUM (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 37 E. A'SPERUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 505.) leaves linear-oblong,
116.) lower leaves lanceolate, toothed, upper ones almost linear, lower ones dentately-runcinate, pubescent, scabrous ; pods spread-
entire ; petals orbiculately-obovate ; claws of petals longer than ing ; style very short. . H. Native of North America in
the calyx ; pods erect; stigma almost sessile. 2. H. Native fields about the river Missouri. Cheiránthus ásper, Nutt. gen.
on dry rocks, fields, and walls, nearly throughout the whole of amer. 2. p. 436. Stem and leaves greyish, with forked appressed
Europe, exclusive of Britain and Ireland. From Spain to Cau- hairs. Pods 3 inches long, pubescent. Petals yellow, with white
casus, and from Sicily to Sweden ; also of the north-west coast of claws. E. lanceolatum, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p.
436.
America. Flowers larger than those of E. canescens.
Rough Treacle-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Člt. 1824. Pl. ft.
Var. a, màjor (D. C. syst. 2. p. 502.) stem simple or branched, 38 E. STRIGO'sum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 506.) strigose ; leaves
rigid, about a foot high. Cheiránthus erysimoides, Lin. spec. oblong-lanceolate, quite entire or denticulated; pods erect;
923. Jacq. aust. t. 74. Erýsimum cheiranthoides, Crantz. aust. stigma 2-parted, sessile. T. H. Native of Siberia. Cheir-
p. 28. E. Hésperis, Scop. carn. ed. 2. no. 829. Erýsimum, anthus strigòsus, Ledeb. in mem. acad. petersb. 5. ann. 1815.
murale. Desf. cat. ed. 1. p. 129. Pers. ench. 2. p. 199. p. 549. The whole plant is strigose. Flowers erect, yellow.
Cheiránthus fírmus, Schleich. pl. helv. E. Cheiranthus, Pers. Stems solitary, furrowed.
ench. 2. p. 199. Perhaps many species are here joined. Flowers Strigose Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Pl. ft.
yellow.
39 È. Redo'wski (Weinm. cat. hort. dorp. 1810. p. 65.)
Var. B, minor (D. C. syst. 1. c.) stem simple, sometimes leaves all linear, channelled, quite entire, greyish; stem branch-
branched, somewhat ascending. Cheiranthus alpinus, Lin, mant. ed, angular; petals emarginate ; pods erectly spreading, obtuse-
.

CRUCIFERÆ. LIX. Erysimum. LX. LEPTALEUM.
213
-
angled. . H. Native of Siberia. The whole plant is covered. linear-lanceolate, channelled, quite entire. Petals pale-yellow,
with appressed white hairs. Flowers pale-yellow, large. Petals obcordate. Pods 4-sided, terminated by a two-lobed stigma.
obcordate.
Stem erect, much branched, greyish-white from appressed hairs,
Redowski's Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1821. Pl. as well as the leaves. Flowers yellow.
14 to 2 feet.
Tallest Treacle-Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 3 feet.
45 E. BICOLOR (D. C. syst. 2. p. 509.) S. H. Native of
SECT. IV. CORI'NGIA (from cor, the heart ; shape of
shape of Switzerland. Cheiranthus bícolor, Horn. hafn. 2. p. 613. Leaves
leaves.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 507. prod. 1. p. 199. Style hardly lanceolate, lower ones remotely-toothed, upper ones quite entire.
any. Petals erectish. Flowers pale-yellow or white, seldom Pods spreading, 4-sided. Flowers yellow.
purple. Leaves cordate, and stem-clasping at the base.
Two-coloured Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
40 E. ALPINUM (Baumg. fl. trans. 2. p. 263.) leaves membra- Pl. 1 to 1foot.
nous, smooth, cauline ones cordate-sagittate, stem-clasping, ob- 46 E. PU'MILUM (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 613.) G. H. Na-
long, radical ones stalked, ovate. 4. H. Native of Spain, tive of Switzerland. Leaves somewhat toothed, lower ones spa-
Cevennes, Alps of Alsace, Hercynia, Nassau about Jena, Tran- tulately-ovate; upper ones linear; pods much spreading, 4-
sylvania, and the Apennines, in stony woody places of mountains. sided. Cheiránthus pumilus, Horn. &c. Flowers yellow.
Brássica alpina, Lin, mant. 95. Vill. dauph. 3. p. 330. t. 36. Dwarf Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1
Turritis pauciflòra, Grim. Turrìtis Brássica, Liers. fl. herb. no. to feet.
518. Turrìtis sagittàta, Schrank. mon. t. 99 ? A'rabis brassicæ- 47 E. PA'TULUM (Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. 73.) G. H. Na-
fórmis, Wallr. sched. 359. Root hard, twisted. Younger plant tive of ? Leaves lyrately-pinnatifid, rather scabrous, upper
with a few scattered hairs, the rest smooth, hardly glaucous. ones sinuated. Pods spreading. Flowers.yellow.
Stem simple. Flowers white, almost like those of A'rabis.
Spreading-podded Treacle-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Cit.1824. Pl.?
Alpine Treacle-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1793. Pl.1 to 12 ft. 48 E. SYLVA’TICUM (Bieb. fl. taur suppl. p. 441.). A.H. Native
41 E. PERFOLIA'TUM (Crantz. austr. 27.) radical leaves ob- of the Ukraine in woods. Leaves lanceolate, remotely toothed.
ovate, cauline ones cordate, stem-clasping, all blunt, smooth, Branches spreading. Corolla paler and rather larger than in E.
and glaucous ; pods 4-sided. O. H. Native of the temperate
cheiranthoides. Pods spreading.
parts of Europe and Asia, particularly Spain, France, Germany, Wood Treacle-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Italy, Tauria, Japan ; in England in Essex, but rare, near Har- 49 E. MARSCHALLIA'NUM (Andrz. in Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p.
wich on the cliffs, as also at Bawdsey, and near Oxford ; in Suf- 441.) G. H. Native of South Podolia. Very near to E. hieraci-
3.
folk ; in fields near Godstone and Marshfield, Sussex. Brássica folium, but differing in the leaves and pods being more upright
orientalis, Lin. spec. p. 931. Jacq. austr. t. 282. Smith, engl. and one-half shorter. Flowers yellow.
bot. t. 1804. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1862. t. 186. E. campestre, Marschall-Bieberstein's Treacle-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Pl. 1 ft.
Scop. carn. ed. 2. no. 827. Brássica turrita, Weig. obs. 32. Cult. The perennial herbaceous and sub-shrubby species of this
Brassica campestris, Mat. sil. no. 500. Brássica perfoliata, Lam. genus answer well for the flower-border in any common garden
dict. 1. p. 748. Brássica álba, Gilib. fl. lith. in ust. del. op. 2. soil; some of the smaller kind do well for ornamenting rock-work,
p. 361. E. orientàle, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 117.
. or to be grown in pots, and placed among other alpine plants; they
Coríngia orientalis, Andrz. cruc. ined. Herb very smooth, glau- may be either increased by cuttings planted under a hand-glass,
Stem simple, seldom branched. Flowers white or cream- by seeds or by dividing the plants at the root. The biennial
coloured. This plant is cultivated in Japan for the seeds. and annual kinds may all be sown in the open ground, and
Perfoliate-leaved Treacle-Mustard. F1. June. Britain. Pl. 1 treated as other hardy annuals and biennials.
to ll foot.
42 E. VIOLA'CEUM (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 202.) leaves lanceo- LX. LEPTA'LEUM (from Xentaleos, leptaleos, slender ;
late, acute, pilose, denticulated, sagittate at the base, half-stem- leaves slender and filiform.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 510. prod. 1.
clasping ; stem straight, quite simple, pilose; racemes short,
crowded; petals quite entire, much longer than the calyx. 4. LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique roundish, ses-
SYST
H. Native of Gosaingsthan, where it is called Outch. Flowers sile; stigmas 2, connivent.
sile; stigmas 2, connivent. Calyx equal at the base. Stamens
of a violet-purple colour. Siliques spreading.
4 or 6. Seeds numerous, in one row. Small smooth annual
Violaceous-flowered Treacle-Mustard. Pl. 2 to 3 feet. herbs. Leaves glaucous, filiform, sometimes entire, sometimes
43 E. AustrÌACUM (Baumg. fl. trans. 2. p. 263.) radical sparingly toothed, sometimes pinnately-parted ; lobes filiform.
leaves obovate, cauline ones cordate-stem-clasping, all blunt, Racemes terminal, few-flowered; pedicels very short, rising from
smooth, and glaucous; pods 4-sided, and striated with elevated the axilla of the leaves. Flowers small, whitish-purple.
O.H. Native of Spain, very common in wheat fields, 1 L. FILIFO'LIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 511.) some of the leaves
Austria, Transylvania, and Iberia. Brássica Austriaca, Jacq. are entire, others sparingly lobed ; stem longer than the pods ;
austr. p. 45. t. 283, Brassica lùtea, Gilib. i. lith. in Ust. del. pods rough from small down. O. H. Native of Siberia at the
op. 2. p. 361.
361. Brássica perfoliata var. B, Lam. dict. 1. 748. river Kuma. Deless. icon. sel. 2. p. 68. Sisymbrium filifolium,
Brassica orientalis B, Pers. ench. 2. p. 206. Crántzia ochro- Willd. spec. 3. p. 496. Pods axillary, erect or deflexed, covered
p
leùca, Lag. fl. hisp. ined. Gorínkia Austriaca, Presl. fl. cech. p. with short hairs at the base, which are hooked at the point.
141. Very like E. perfoliatum, and is often confused with it, ad-leaved Leptaleum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl.
but it differs in the flowers being a little smaller, yellow, or
1 or 2 inches.
cream-coloured, not white, and in the pods being more erect. 2 L. PYGMÆ'UM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 511.) leaves nearly all pin-
Austrian Treacle-Mustard, or Hares-ear. Fl. May, June. nate-parted; stem shorter than the pods, which are muricated
Clt. 1806. Pl. 1 to 1] foot.
and glabrous. O. H. Native of Persia. Very like the first,
+ Species not sufficiently known, but probably all referable to
but differs in hardly having any stem, and in the leaves being
Deless.
Sect. III. Erysimästrum.
nearly all pinnate-parted, with linear distant lobes.
icon. sel. 2. t. 68.
44 E. ALTISSIMUM (Lejeune, A. spa. 2. p. 70.)
Pygmy Leptaleum. Pl. hardly an inch.
tive in mountain woods between Verviers and Limbourg. Leaves Cult. These are little annual plants, but are not worth culti-
3. H. Na-
cous.
p. 200.
nerves.
p.

214
CRUCIFERÆ. LXI. STANLEYA. LXII. STENOPETALUM. LXIII. CAMELINA.
vating. They only require to be sown in the open ground in with a mixture of sand loam and peat, which should be placed in
a hot-bed until the month of May, when it may be planted out
any kind of soil.
in front of a wall, or in any warm situation in the open border,
LXI. STANLE'YA (in honour of Edward Lord Stanley, pre- where it will ripen its seed; but the plant is certainly not worth
sident L. S. and F.R.S. a profound ornithologist.) Nutt. gen. cultivating, except in botanic gardens.
amer. no. 166. D. C. syst. 2. p. 511. prod. 1. p. 200.
LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique roundish, stalk- LXIII. CAMELI'NA (xapai, chamai, on the ground, and livov,
ed above the torus. Seeds oblong, terete. Calyx spreading. flax; that is to say, dwarf-flax ; resemblance.) Crantz. austr. 1.
Smooth glaucous erect herbs. Cauline leaves alternate, pinna- p. 17. Medik. gen. pl. 1. p. 67. t. 1. f. 11. D. C. syst. 2. p.
tifidly-lyrate or entire. Racemes elongated, terminal. Pedicels
514. prod. 1. p. 201.
bractless, filiform. Flowers yellow. Habit nearly of Brássica Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle obovate, or some-
on the one hand, and on the other to Cleòme.
what globose, with ventricose valves, opening with the part of the
1 S. PINNATÍFIDA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 71.) leaves interrup- style (f. 46. r.); cells many-seeded. Style filiform. Seeds oblong,
.
tedly pinnatifid. 4. H. Native of Upper Louisiana at the junc- not margined. Erect usually branched herbs. Leaves stem-
tion of Point-Creek and the Missouri among broken calcareous clasping or sagittate, oblong, entire, sinuately-toothed, pinnatifid
rocks. Cleòme pinnata, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 739. Leaves or serrate. Racemes terminal, many-flowered, elongated after
thick, emulating those of a species of Brássica. Flowers yellow, flowering. Pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow.
nearly like those of a species of Cleòme. The leaves of this
species, from their analogy with Brássica, have been tried as an ali- SECT. I. CHAMÆLI'NUM (same meaning as genus.) D. C. syst.
ment, but after it has been cooked it becomes powerfully emetic. 2. p. 514. prod. 1. p. 201. Silicle obovate, margined. Style
Pinnatifid-leaved Stanleya. Fl. May. Clt. 1812. Pl. 3 feet. conical. Stigma simple. Plants annual. Leaves sagittate.
2 S. GRA'CILIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 512.) upper leaves oblong, 1 C. ARMENI'ACA (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 182.) pods obco-
entire, sessile, narrowed at the base. O. H. Native of North nical at the base, elongated, terminated by the short style ; leaves
America between Wateree and Longaree. Cleòme lævigàta, Sol. linear-lanceolate, quite entire. O. H. Native of Armenia.
mss. in herb. Banks. Stems solitary, slender, sparingly branch- Stems rough, with scattered hairs. Leaves villous.
ed at the top. Flowers small, yellow, hexandrous.
Armenian Gold of Pleasure. Fl. June, July. Pl. foot.
Slender-stemmed Stanleya. Pl. 1 to 1} foot.
2 C. SATI'VA (Crantz. austr. p. 10.) pods cuneated, pear-
3 S. AMPLEXICAU’LIS (Nutt. in Sillim. amer. journ. 5. ann. shaped, with 4 ribs, terminated by a longish style ; leaves almost
1822. p. 297.) leaves entire ? stem-clasping; flowers corymbose; entire, lanceolate. O. H. Native throughout the whole of
pods nodding.–Native of Eastern Florida in pine woods. Plant Europe in cultivated fields, chiefly among flax, with whose seeds
smooth, glaucous. Pods 2 or 3 inches long. Flowers yellow. it is often introduced from one country to another. It does not
Stem-clasping-leaved Stanleya. Pl. 1 to 11 foot.
long propagate itself in Britain spontaneously. It is also found
Cult. The genus Stanleya grows most freely in peat or ve- in the island of Cyprus, Tauria, and Siberia, &c. Myàgrum
getable soil. They will thrive in the open border in a rather sativum, Lin. spec. 894. Cav. icon. 1. p. 47. t. 66. schkuhr.
shady situation. S. pinnatifida may be either increased by handb. 2. no. 1755. t. 178. Fl. dan. 1038. Alyssum sativum,
dividing the plant at the root or by seeds, and the other two Scop. carn. no. 794. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1254. Camelina sa-
species by seeds only.
gittàta, Monch. meth. 255. Moe'nchia sativa, Roth. germ. 1. p.
274. Flowers golden-yellow. A very variable plant.
Tribe VIII.
Var. a, pilosa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 516.) leaves entire, pilose,
Myàgrum sativum, Berg. phyt. icon.—Chabr. sciagr. 283. f. 4.
CAMELI'NEÆ (plant agreeing with Camelina in important -Mor. oxon. 2. p. 315. sect. 3. t. 21. f. 2.
characters), or NOTÖRHI’ŽEE (see sub-order II.)-LATİSE'P-
Var. B, glabràta (D. C. syst. 1. c.) leaves entire, smoothish.
TÆ (latus broad and septum a dissepiment; dissepiment broad.) Lind. alsa. 94. t. i. This is the plant that is cultivated.
D. C. syst. 2. p. 513. prod. 1. p. 201. Silicle with concave This plant is cultivated in many parts of Europe for the seed,
valves, and with an elliptical dissepiment in its greatest dia- from which oil is obtained by expression, which is used for me-
meter (f. 46. r.). Seeds ovate. Cotyledons flat, incumbent, con- dicinal, culinary, and economical purposes. For the method
trary to the dissepiment (f. 45. i.). The dissepiment in several of its culture see Parmentier in Roz. cours. d. agric. vol. xi. p.
of the genera is incomplete, sometimes wanting altogether. 291. Bosc. dict. d'agric. 3. p. 45. Galliz. bot. agr. 3. p. 170. .
Cultivated Gold of Pleasure. Fl. June. Britain. Pl. 1 foot.
LXII. STENOPETALUM (from otevos, stenos, narrow, 3 C. DENTA'TA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 191.) pods roundish, pear-
and metalov, petalon, a petal ; petals narrow.) R. Br. in D. C. shaped, with 4 ribs, terminated by a longish style; leaves
syst. 2. p. 513.
repand-toothed. O. H. Native of Alsace, Spain, Tauria, &c.
LIN. syst. Tetradynámia, Siliculòsa. Silicle elliptical, with in cultivated fields. Pods nearly globose.
concave or flat valves; cells many-seeded. Style none. Seeds Var. a, dentàta (D. C. syst. 2. p. 516.) leaves smoothish,
small, somewhat ovate, in 2 rows in each cell. A slender annual grossly-toothed or sinuated. Myàgrum dentàtum, Willd. phyt.
smooth upright herb. Leaves scattered, linear, entire. Racemes 1. p. 9. no. 13. Myàgrum Bauhini, Gmel. Al. bad. 3. p. 7.
terminal, elongating as they come to maturity. Pedicels bract- Moe'nchia arvensis, Bernh. Cochleària foe'tida, Schkuhr. handb.
less, filiform, erect, one-half shorter than the pods. Petals 2. no. 1805. Myàgrum Alyssum, Mill. dict. no. 2.–J. Bauh.
hist. 2. p. 893. icon.
1 S. LINEA'RE (R. Br. in D. C. syst. 1. c.) O. H. Native Var. B, pinnatifida (D. C. syst. 1. c.) leaves sinuately-pinna-
of south-west coast of New Holland. Herb very slender. Stem
.
tifid, scabrous from scattered hairs. Myàgrum pinnatifidum,
filiform, simple or sparingly branched. Leaves 7 or 8 lines Ehrh. dec. p. 16. Camelina pinnatifida, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p.
long, and half a line broad. Pods 2 lines long and 1 line broad. 598. Cochleària heterophylla, Cav. Both plants are very like
Petals very narrow.
C. sativa, but the leaves are deeply toothed, not entire.
Linear-petalled Stenopetalum. Pl. 1 foot.
Toothed-leaved Gold of Pleasure. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806.
Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in a pot, filled Pl. 1 foot.
,
narrow.
a
1

CRUCIFERÆ. LXIV. EUDEMA. LXV. Neslia. LXVI. EUTREMA. LXVII. OREAS.
. . . .
215
a
4 C. MICROCA'RPA (Andrz. cruc. in D. C. syst. 2. p. 517.) pods LXV. NE'SLIA (meaning not explained.) Desv. journ. 3.
pear-shaped, with 2 ribs, terminated by a longish style (f. 46. r.); p. 162 and 163. D. C. syst. 2. p. 519. prod. 1. p. 202.
leaves lanceolate, denticulated, hispid. 0. H. Native of Po- LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle almost glo-
SYST
dolia. Allied to C. sativa a pilosa, but differs in the fruit bose, indehiscent, with concave valves, 1-seeded and 1-celled
being one-half shorter and with 2 not 4 ribs. Deless. icon. sel. from the want of a dissepiment. Seeds somewhat globose, pen-
2. t. 69.
dulous. Cotyledons ovate, thick, incumbent. An annual erect
Small-fruited Gold of Pleasure. Fl. Ju. July. Pl. 1 foot. herb, with somewhat the habit of Camelina sativa. Stems round,
SECT. II. PSEUDOLI'NUM (yevòns, pseudes, false, and Alvov, sparingly branched, whitish, pubescent, or a little hispid at the
linon, flax.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 517. prod. 1. p. 201. Silicles base. Cauline leaves alternate, sagittate, stem-clasping, oblong-
globose, not margined. Style filiform. Stigma capitate. Plants lanceolate, entire. Racemes terminal, elongated. Pedicels fili-
perennial. Leaves stem-clasping, bluntly auricled.
form, bractless. Flowers small, yellow.
5 C. BARBAREÆFO‘LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 517.) pods globose ; 1 N. PANICULATA (Desv. l. c.) O.H. Native of corn-fields
leaves oblong, pinnatifid, bluntly auricled at the base; stem vil- and sandy places almost throughout the whole of Europe, from
lous at the base. 21. H. Native of eastern Siberia in the Turkey to Sweden, and from Spain to Petersburgh, also in
province of Irkoutsk near Doroninsk, also of Eschcholz's Bay Iberia about Tiflis ; in the south of Tauria and in Siberia be-
on the north-west coast of America. Deless, icon. sel. 2. t. 70. tween Zmeof and the Irtish. Myàgrum paniculàtum, Lin. spec.
Barbarea-leaved Gold of Pleasure. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. 894. Eder. Fl. dan. t. 204. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1757. t. 178.
Pl. 1 to 12 foot.
Cochlearia sagittàta, Crantz. cruc. p. 99. Nasturtium paniculà-
6 C. AUSTRIACUM (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 93.) tum, Crantz, austr. p. 15. Crambe paniculata, All. ped. 1. p.
pods globose ; leaves oblong, serrate-toothed, clasping the stem 256. Vogèlia sagittàta, Medik. phl. gatt. t. 1. f. 6. Rapístrum
at the base; stem smooth. 2. H. Native of Austria in humid paniculatum, Gært. fruct. 2. p. 285. t. 141. Bunias paniculata,
meadows about Vienna, also in Silesia and Tauria at the Tanais Lher. cak. diss. ined. p. 9. Álýssum paniculatum, Willd. enum.
and the Volga. Myàgrum Austriacum, Jacq. fl. austr. 2. p. 111.
p 2. p. 671. Vogèlia paniculata, Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 594.
Schkuhr, handb. 2. no. 1756. t. 158. Nasturtium Austriacum, Panicled Neslia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1683. Pl. 14 foot.
Crantz. austr. 1. p. 15. t. 2. f. 1, 2, 3. Myàgrum Crántzii,
,
Cult. This plant is not worth cultivating except in botanic
Vittm. sumn. pl. 4. p. 9. Stem branched, in wet places weak
Stem branched, in wet places weak gardens. It only requires to be sown in the open border, and
and elongated, but in dry places firm and short.
treated like other hardy annuals.
Austrian Gold of Pleasure. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1795. Pl. 1 ft.
Cult. Notwithstanding the ridiculously pompous English LXVI. EUTREMA (from εv, eu, well ; tonua, trema, an
name of Gold of Pleasure which these plants bear, and which orifice; dissepiment incomplete.) R. Br. in app. Parry's voy.
seems a satire on the articles of which it is composed, as yield- append. p. 9. t. A.
ing nothing but disappointment, they are nct worth cultivating Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle short, 2-edged,
except
in general collections. Both perennial and annual species with keeled valves, an incomplete dissepiment, and many-seeded
can only be increased by seeds. They require no care.
cells. Plant with the habit of Brāya. Root thick, fusiform,
from which spring numerous simple few-leaved stems. Radical
LXIV. EUDE MA (in honour of Eudemus of Rhodes, a leaves stalked, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire or a little toothed,
pupil of Aristotle). Humb. et Bonpl. pl. Æquin. 2. p. 133. thickish, the uppermost cauline ones sessile. Corymbs dense,
t. 123 and 124. D. C. syst. 2. p. 518. prod. 1. p.
202.
7-8-flowered. Flowers white; anthers yellow. Dissepiment
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle ovate, with
LINSYST
complete at the base and apex, but not so in the middle. Perhaps
many-seeded cells and concave valves, with the dissepiment per- the genus Braya ought to have been inserted here.
forated at the top. Style filiform. Seeds oval. Cotyledons 1 E. EDWA'RDSII (R. Br. 1. c.) 2. H. Native of Melville
.
(from the figure) incumbent. Small tufted perennial herbs, with Island in the neighbourhood of Winter Harbour. Plant smooth,
crowded, ciliated, blunt small leaves, and axillary, stalked, solitary Edwards's Eutrema. Fl. April, May. Pl. 2 to 3 inches.
,
white flowers.
Cult. This plant should be grown in small pots filled with a
1 E. RUPE'STRIS (H. et B. pl. æquin. 2. p. 133. t. 123.) leaves mixture of peat, loam and sand, well drained with potsherds at
linear; calyx shorter than the corolla; cells of pods 8 or 10- the bottom. It should be treated as other alpine plants. It
seeded. 4. G. Native of South America in mountains near can only be propagated by seeds.
Quito on high and cold rocks. Dràba Humboldtii, Desv. jour.
bot. 3. p. 171. Root woody, fusiform, branched. Flowers LXVII. ORE'AS (from opelas, oreias, nymph of the moun-
white. Leaves smooth, not ciliated.
tains, in allusion to the habitat of the plant.) Cham. et Schlecht.
Rock Eudema. Pl. 2 or 3 inches.
Linnæa 1. p. 29. .
2 E. NUBIGENA (H. et B. pl. æquin. 2. p. 136. t. 124.) LIN. syst. Tetradyndmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle lanceolate, com-
leaves spatulate ; calyx longer than the corolla ; cells of pods 4- pressed, 1-celled, from the dissepiment having vanished; valves
seeded. 2. G. Native of the Andes about Quito on high rocks. fattish, with a nerve running through the middle. Seeds nu-
Root elongated, fusiform, almost simple, much longer than the merous, egg-shaped, hanging from the upper part of the placen-
herb. Flowers white. Leaves ciliated.
tarious nerve by long umbical funicles.—A small alpine perennial
Cloud Eudema. Pl. 1 inch.
herb, with the habit of Cardamine bellidifolia. Leaves radical,
Cult. As there has not yet been a species of Eudèma intro- stalked, smooth. Bracteas crowded under the pedicels, appear-
duced into Britain, it is difficult to say what method of cultiva- ing like an involucre. Flowers in short racemes, white, some-
tion would suit them best, but we would recommend their being times veined with dark-purple. Calyx loose, equal at the base.
kept in pots which should be well drained with potsherds, and Petals entire, unquiculate, equal. Filaments equal, toothless.
planted in a mixture of sand, loam and peat, and placed in a Style very short, crowned by a capitate stigma. This genus is
green-house or frame, so that they may be protected from the sufficiently distinct, in the dissepiment being absent, as well as
frost. It is evident from the nature of the plants that they must the glands.
be either increased by seeds or cuttings; but they are not worth 1 0. INVOLUCRA'TA (Cham. 1. c. t. 1.) 4. H. Native of the
cultivating except in botanic gardens.
island of Unalaschka on the tops of the mountains among stones.
-

216
CRUCIFERÆ. LXVIII. CAPSELLA. LXIX. SENEBIERA.
.
Involucrated Oreas. Pl. į to 1 inch.
Entire-leaved Wart-Cress. Pl. foot.
1/
Cult. This plant should be grown in small pots, in a mixture
.
2 S. LINOI'DES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 522.) leaves linear, acute,
of peat and sand, and treated as other alpine plants; it can be entire ; pods rather compressed, biscutate, very minutely areo-
propagated by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds. Not late, dotted. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Le-
worth cultivating except in general collections.
pídium linoides, Thunb.prod. 107.? Corónopus linoides, Spreng.
syst. 2. p. 852. Having the leaves of S. integrifolia, and the
Tribe IX.
pods of S. pinnatifida. Plant branched, erect.
LEPIDI'NEÆ (plants agreeing in character with Lepídium,) Flax-like Wart-Cress. Pl. ] foot.
or NOTORHI'ZEÆ (see sub-order II.) -ANGUSTISE'PTÆ 3 S. HELENIA'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 523.) lower leaves pinnate-
(Angustus narrow septum, a partition ; dissepiment narrow.) D. parted; lobes cut ; upper leaves linear or divided into few lobes ;
C. syst. 2. p. 521. prod. 1. p. 202. Silicle with a very narrow pods bi-globose, somewhat areolate. O. H. Native of the
.
dissepiment, and with keeled (f. 47. a. b.) or very concave island of St. Helena on calcareous mountains at Sandy Bay.
valves. Seeds few or solitary in each cells (f. 47. a. b.), ovate, Corónopus Heleniàna, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 885. Plant much
not margined. Cotyledons flat, incumbent, parallel with the dis- branched, decumbent, somewhat tufted.
sepiment (f. 45.j. i.).
St. Helena Wart-Cress. Pl. 3 or 5 inches long.
LXVIII. CAPSEʼLLA (a diminutive of Capsula, a capsule.) lobes linear, acuminated, entire ; pods compressed, twin, netted
4 S. PECTINA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 523.) leaves pinnate-parted ;
.
Vent. tabl. 3. p. 110. D. C. syst. 2. p. 383. prod. 1. p. 177.
.
with transverse nerves. O. H. Native of South America in
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculosa. Silicle triangular, cu- Quito near Chillo, at the height of 4053 feet above the sea. А
neated at the base, with navicular wingless valves; cells many-
procumbent plant, with slender, rather hairy branches, very
seeded. An annual herb, very variable in habit. Radical leaves
like S. pinnatifida. Pods emarginate at both ends.
rosulate, entire, toothed, cut or variously lobed. Stem leaves
Pectinate-leaved Wart-Cress: Pl. 1 foot long, procumbent.
few, erect, oblong, sagittate at the base. Racemes terminal,
5 S. PINNATI'FIDA (D. C. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. ann. 7.
elongated; pedicels filiform, bractless, much longer than the
p. 144. t. 9.) leaves pinnate-lobed ; lobes oblong, toothed or
pods. Flowers small, white.
somewhat cut; pods compressed, twin, reticulated. O. H.
1 C. BU'RSA-PASTO'RIS (Moench. meth. 271.) O. H. Native
Native nearly throughout the whole world in waste ground, and
throughout the world in waste and cultivated land, and by way-
sides every where; very common in Britain. Thláspi bùrsa- pídium A'nglicum, Huds. 280. Lepídium dídymum, Lin. mant.
by way-sides, especially near the sea, plentiful in Britain. Le-
.
pastòris, Lin. spec. 903. Smith, eng. bot. t. 1485. Eder. fl. dan.
92. Lepídium prostratum, Savi. in Santi. viag. 2. p. 18. t. 1.
t. 729. Curt. fl. lond. 1. t. 50. Schkuhr. handb. 2, no. 1797. t.
Coronopus dídyma, Smith, fl. brit. 2. p. 691. engl. bot. 248.
180.
Senebièra supina, Thor, chl. land. 275. Senebièra dídyma, Pers.
The herb, according to De Candolle, is much less acrid than
ench. 2. p. 185. Corónopus pinnatus, Horn. hafn. 599. Petals
the rest of the order, and it is rather glutinous to the taste.
4, oblong, sometimes wanting. Plant diffuse or procumbent.
Var. B, minor (D, C. syst. 2. p. 384.) Bursa-pastòris minor,
Var. B, incisa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 524.) lobes of leaves 3-4-
Tab. icon. 197. Plant small.
parted. O. H. Native of Pennsylvania and Carolina along the
Var. y, integrifolia (D. C. 1. c.) Mor. Oxon. 2. p. 104. sect.
banks of the Mississipi and the Missouri. In Brazil about Monte
3. t. 20. f. 1. Leaves entire.
Video, also of Buenos Ayres. Lepídium Bonariense, Mill. dict.
Var. d, coronopifolia (D. C. 1. c.)-Bauh. pin. 108.
no. 13. Biscutella apétala, Walt. car. 174. Cochleària humi-
Var. ε, apétala (D. C. 1. c.) Opiz. in bot. zeit. 1821. p. 440.
fùsa, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 27. Corónopus dídyma, Nutt.
Flowers petalless, decandrous. This plant is rather a monster
.
than a variety
gen. amer. 2. p. 64. Senebièra incisa, Willd. enum. 2. p. 668.
Coronopus incisa, Horn. hafn. 599.
Shepherd's-Purse. Fl. March, Nov. Britain. Pl. Į to 1 ft.
Pinnatifid-leaved Wart-Cress. Fl. Jul. Sept. Brit. Pl. 1 ft. long.
Cult. The Shepherd's-Purse is well known as a very trouble-
some weed in gardens, but it is easily kept under by hoeing the
ground in dry hot weather, at or before it comes into flower,
SECT. II. CARA'RA (probably from kapa, kara, the peak of a
but if suffered to seed it will become exceedingly troublesome. mountain ; habitat of plants). D. C. syst. 2. p. 524. prod. 1.
.
LXIX. SENEBIERA (in honour of John de Senebier of p. 203. Silicles not emarginate at the top, somewhat compressed
Geneva, a vegetable physiologist.) Poir. dict. 7. p. 75. D. C.
on both sides, with compressed valves, which are crested or
wrinkled on their back.
syst. 2. p. 521. prod. 1. p. 202.
LIN.syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle cuneated, didymous,
6 S. CORO'NOPUS (Poir. dict. 7. p. 76.) leaves pinnate-lobed ;
with ventricose or somewhat keeled unopening 1-seeded valves.
lobes entire, toothed, or pinnatifid ; pods acutish, compressed,
Seeds sub-globose, triquetrous. Cotyledons incumbent, linear.
with the valves crested on their back.O. H. Native of waste
Annual or biennial, many-stemmed, smooth or somewhat villous, ground, and by way-sides
on calcareous and sandy soils, almost
branched, usually trailing herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes
throughout the whole of Europe, Russia perhaps excepted ; also
linear entire, sometimes deeply serrated, sometimes pinnate-
in the Canary islands and North America. Cochleària Corónopus,
lobed, with the lobes entire or toothed. Racemes short, op-
Lin,
spec.
904. Oed. fl. dan, t. 202. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no.
posite the leaves ; pedicels bractless. Flowers small, white.
1802. t. 181. Corónopus Ruéllii, All. ped. no. 934. Gært.
fruct. 2. p. 293. t. 242. Lam. ill. t. 558. Smith, engl. bot. t.
Sect. I. NASTURTIO'LUM (altered from Nastúrtium). D. C. 1660. Caràra Corónopus, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 38.
syst. 2. p. 522. prod. 1. p. 202. Medik. gen. pl. p. 82. t. 2. f. 21. This plant has got about 20. other synonymous names, but they
from Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 45. Silicles emarginate at the top. have now become perfectly obsolete. Sepals roundish, with
Dissepiment shorter than the globose valves.
white membranous margins. Stems spreading, quite flat to the
1 S. INTEGRIFO‘LIA (D. C. soc. hist. nat. par. ann. 7. p. 144. ground. This plant was formerly gathered and used as a salad;
t. 8.) leaves linear, entire, narrowed at the base; pods bi-globose, but has since been deservedly neglected, the whole herb being
spongy, areolate. O.H. Native of Madagascar. Corónopus nauseously acrid and fetid, and must require much boiling to
integrifolia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 858. Seeds roundish, brown. render it eatable.
/

CRUCIFERÆ. LXIX. SENEBIERA. LXX. LEPIDIUM.
217
-
Common or Star Wart-Cress. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. Pl. Var.a, glabràtum (D. C. syst. 2. p.530.) smooth; leaves acute-
trailing
ly toothed, from the base to beyond the middle ; racemes rather
7 S. SERRA'TA (Poir. dict. 7. p. 76.) leaves oblong, deeply
deeply loose.-Mor. oxon. 2. p. 314. sect. 3. t. 25. the second figure
serrated; pods compressed, rough. O? H? Native of Brazil
in the lower range.
about Monte Video, where it flowers in November. Corónopus Var. B, pubescens (D. C. syst. I. c.) pubescent; fructiferous
1
serràtus, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 163. Corónopus myricæfòlia, racemes more loose and with longer pedicels. Native of Syria
Smith, herb. Flowers very small. Pods compressed, somewhat near Damascus.
orbicular at the base, with rough, glabrous reticulated valves.
Var.
7, canescens (D. C. syst. 1.c.) plant much more villous
Stems branched, procumbent, pubescent, smooth at the top. and grey than the last variety, and the racemes are shorter.
Deless, icon, sel. 2. t. 71.
Native of Mount Lebanon near Abra.
Saw-leaved Wart-Cress. Fl. Nov. Pl. 1 foot long.
Aleppo Pepperwort. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1798. Pl. 1 foot.
3 L. OXY'OTUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 530.) pods elliptical, pube-
Sect. III. COTYLISCUS (from Kotvin, kotyle, a hollow ; valves rulous, rather longer than the pedicels; style filiform ; leaves
of silicles concave). D. C. syst. 2. p. 526. prod. 1. p. 203. oblong, somewhat toothed, sub-hastate, with acute auricles at
Silicles not crested on the back, not emarginate at the top,
hence the base. O? H. Native of Syria. Stems pubescent. Leaves
they are concave or nearly flat.
covered with scattered hairs. Petals length of calyx, with their
8 S. NILO'TICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 527.) radical leaves pinnate- claws filiform. Seeds ovate, brown.
parted; lobes deeply-serrated; upper leaves almost entire ; pods Sharp-eared-leaved Pepperwort. Pl. | foot.
compressed, rather boat-shaped. O. H. Native of the islands 4 L. GLASTIFOLIUM (Desf. atl. 2. p. 66. t. 147.) pods ellip-.
in the Nile in Lower Egypt. Cochleària Nilótica, Delile ill. fl. tical, smooth, shorter than the pedicels; style filiform; leaves
ægyp. p. 19. descr. p. 101. t. 34. f. 2. Cotylíscus Nilóticus, oblong, bluntly toothed, with blunt, stem-clasping auricles.
. ,
Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 164. and 175. t. 25. f. 13.
.
Corónopus
Corónopus O?H. Native of Algiers in shady parts of mountains. Thláspi
Nilóticus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 853. Herb smooth. Stems erect, glastifolium, Poir. dict. 7. p. 538. Lèpia glastifòlia, Desv.jour.
lower branches very long and spreading. Pods reniform, pointed bot. 3. p. 166. Stems branched at the top, erect, pubescent
with the sessile stigma. This plant is eaten as a salad in Egypt. from short hairs. Uppermost leaves quite entire. Petals obo-
Nile Wart-Cress. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
vate, double the length of the calyx.
Cult. As these plants possess no beauty, they are not worth Woad-leaved Pepperwort. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
cultivating, except in botanical gardens. They only require to 5 L. AMPLEXICAU’LE (Willd. spec. 3. p. 436.) pods roundish,
be sown in the open ground, in any kind of soil.
terminated by the short style ; leaves undivided, oblong-lanceolate,
sagittate, sessile, toothed at the top. 4. H. Native of Siberia.
LXX. LEPI'DIUM (from Xenic Leridos, lepis lepidos, a Stems smooth, furnished with branches from the base, which rise
scale ; in allusion to the form of the pods, which resemble little the height of the stem. Flowers and silicles the same as those
scales). R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 85. D. C. syst. 2. of L. latifolium.
p. 527. prod. 1.
p.
203.
Stem-clasping-leaved Pepperwort. Pl. 1 foot.
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle ovate, or some-
what cordate, dehiscent, with keeled (f. 47. a.) or rarely ventricose Sect. III. BRADYP|PTUM (from Spadus, bradys, late, and
valves, and 1-seeded cells. Seeds somewhat triquetrous or com- TTLTTW, pipto, to fall off ; calyx almost permanent.) D. C. syst.
pressed. Herbs or small sub-shrubs. Stems round, branched. 2. p. 531. prod. 1. p. 204. Silicle elliptical, with keeled valves.
.
Leaves simple or variously cut. Racemes terminal, erect, elon- Style short.
Style short. Calyx permanent.
Stem leaves neither stem-
gating as they grow; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers small, clasping nor auricled.
white.
6 L. CÆSPITO'SUM (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p.165. and 178.) pods
ovate, with a narrow notch at the apex; style very short; calyx
Sect. I. Carda'ria (from Kapora, kardia, the heart ; shape permanent ; leaves linear, entire, permanent. 4. H. Native
of silicles). D. C. syst. 2. p. 528. prod. 1. p. 203.
. Cardio- of Armenia. Stems pubescent, sparingly branched.
Radical
lèpis, Wallr. Sched. 340. Silicle ovate-cordate, with somewhat leaves tufted, pilose, glaucous. Sepals oval-oblong, with mem-
turgid, wingless valves. Style long, filiform.
branous margins, permanent, at length reflexed.
1 L. DRA'BA (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 645.) pods somewhat turgid, Tufted-leaved Pepperwort. Pl. 1 foot.
cordate, entire at the top, terminated by the style ; leaves stem- 7 L. CORONOPIFO'LIUM (Fisch. in cat. hort. gor. 1808. p. 79.)
clasping, lanceolate, toothed. O. H. Native in cultivated fields, pods elliptical, entire, somewhat puberulous; terminated by a
especially in the south of Europe, from Spain to Tauria, and very short style ; calyx almost permanent; cauline leaves linear,
from Greece to Paris, &c. Cochlearia Drába, Lin. spec. ed. 2.
.
very entire, radical ones pinnate-lobed. 2. H. Native of Si-
p. 904. Jacq. austr. t. 315. Nasturtium Drába, Crantz, austr. beria near Sarepta at the south Volga. L. laciniàtum, Willd.
91. Cardària Dràba, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 163.
Drába rude- herb. from Stev. obs. ined. The whole of the herb is very
ràlis, Baumg. transyl. 2. p. 233. Jundzíllia Draba, Andrz. smooth, except the pods. Stem erect, much branched, flexuous.
cruc. ined.
Stem solitary, erect, pubescent, corymbosely- Buck-horn-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. May,
Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823.
branched at the top. Leaves greyish from down, or smooth. Pl. I to foot.
Cotyledons obovate-oblong, thick.
8 L.? HumBO'LDTII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 532.) pods ovate,
Whitlow Pepperwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1596. Pl. 1 foot. emarginate, pointed by the short style ; calyx permanent ;
radical leaves bipinnate, cauline ones pinnatifid. Native of arid
Sect. II. ELLIPSA'ria (from ellipsis, an ellipsis; shape of places near Chillo in Quito, at the height of 4020 feet. Herb
silicles). D. C. syst. 2. p. 530. prod. 1. p. 203. Silicle ellip- branched, erect, rarely procumbent. Flowers minute, pedicelled.
.
tical, with keeled wingless valves. Style long, filiform.
H. B.
2 L. CHALEPE'NSE (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 321. spec. ed. 2. p. 898.)
Petals a little shorter than the calyx. Senebièra dùbia.
p
.
et Kth. nov. spec. amer. 5. p.76.
pods elliptical, twice the length of pedicels; style filiform; Humboldt's Pepperwort. Pl. 4 to foot.
leaves lanceolate, toothed, with acute, stem-clasping auricles.
O. H. Native of the Levant in fields about Aleppo.
Sect. IV. CA'RDAMON (kapoapov, kardamon, water-cress ;
hot
Ff
VOL. 1.-PART III.

218
CRUCIFERÆ. LXX. LEPIDIUM.
old crop
in April
-
taste of plants). D. C. syst. 2. p. 533. prod. 1. p. 204. Silicle
.
p
purpose, or leave some rows of any overgrown
somewhat orbicular, emarginate, with navicular valves, which or May. The plants will yield seed in autumn.
are winged on their back (f. 47. a.) Cotyledons parted.
Cultivated or Common Garden Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt.
9 L. SATI'VUM (Lin. spec. 899.) pods orbicular, winged ; leaves 1548. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
variously cut and divided ; branches not spiny. O. H. Na- 10 L. SPINE'SCENS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 534.) pods oval,
tive of Persia and the island of Cyprus, in corn-fields. Smith, fl. winged, emarginate (f. 47. a.); leaves cut at the top; racemes
græc. t. 616. Bois. fl. eur. t. 440. f. 2. Schkuhr. handb. 2. spinescent at the top. O? H. Native of Syria about Damas-
no. 1782. t. 180. Thlaspi-satìvum, Crantz. austr. 1. p. 21. Lèpia cus. A smooth, branched herb. Cotyledons as in L. oleràceum
sativa, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165. Herb erect, branched, incumbent, 3-parted. Stems whitish. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 72.
smooth, somewhat glaucous.
Fructiferous racemes spiny at the top.
Var. B, crispum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 534.) leaves much cut and Spinescent Cress. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 to 11
curled. Nasturtium críspum, J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 913. f. 1.- foot.
Mor. oxon. 2. p. 301. sect. 3. t. 19. f. 3.
Var. y, latifolium (D. C. 1. c.) leaves flat, little divided. Sect. V. LE'PIA (from Neris, lepis, a scale; form of silicles).
Mor. Oxon. 2. p. 300. sect. 3. t. 19. f. 2.
D. C. syst. 2. p. 534. prod. 1. p. 204. Silicle somewhat orbi-
Garden-cress (Eng.), Cresson (Fr.), Gemeine kresse (Germ.), cular, emarginate, with navicular, winged valves; wings adhering
Creseione (Ital.).
to the style ; style very short. Cotyledons entire.
“ This is cultivated in gardens for the young leaves, which are 11 L. CAMPE'STRE (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4.
used in salads, and have a peculiarly warm and grateful relish. p. 465.) pods ovate, winged, emarginate, scaly ; cauline leaves
It ranks among gardeners as the principal of small salads. The sagittate, toothed. O. H. Native of cultivated fields and
varieties are as follows, viz. 1. The common plain-leaved; prin- way-sides in Europe from Spain to Sweden, from England to
cipally cultivated. 2. The curled-leaved, var. B, above, is Turkey, and in Tauria ; plentiful in Britain. Thláspi campestre,
equally good as a salad, and preferable as a garnish. The broad- Lin. spec. 902. Vahl. fl. dan. t. 1221. Curt. lond. 5. t. 45. Smith,
leaved var. y above, is less cultivated as a salad, but grown in engl. bot. t. 1385. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1793. t. 180. Thlaspi
fields for rearing young turkeys, &c.
hirsùtum, var. a. Lam. Al. fr. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 465. Thlaspi mon-
. .
5 All the varieties are raised from seed, of which one ounce, tànum, Poir. dict. 7. p. 536. Lèpia campestris, Desv.journ. bot.
or one-eighth of a pint, will suffice for a bed four feet by four 3.
p. 165. The whole herb is grey from small, simple, crowded
feet. Cress should be raised three or four times every month, hairs. Stem erect, simple at the base and branched at the top.
as it may be in demand to have crops delicately young in succes- Var. B, subglabrum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 335.) leaves smooth;
sion. for culture in the open garden begin in the first, second, pods elliptical.-Mor. oxon. 2. p. 293. sect. 3. t. 17. f. 13.
or third week in March, as a forward spring may bring mild Pet. brit. t. 50. f. 8. Native of Spain in the mountains of
weather or otherwise; allot some warm situation for the early Leon, also in England in cultivated fields near Warrington.
spring sowings, and if the weather take a cold turn, either put Var. 7, hírtum (Huds. ang. 281.) plant rather hairy. Native
on a spare frame or cover with matting between sunset and sun- of England in corn-fields near Bath.
rise. When spring is confirmed, sow in any open compartment. Field Mithridate Pepperwort. Fl. July. Britain. Pl. I to ft.
At the beginning of summer the same ; but in hot dry weather 12 L. HIRTUM (Smith, compen. ed. 3. p. 98. engl. bot. t. 1803.)
either sow in a shady border, or if the situation be open, shade pods ovate, winged, emarginate, hairy ; cauline leaves sagittate,
with mats in the middle of the day. For autumn sowings, when villous, almost entire. 4. org. H. Native in fields and hilly
cold weather is approaching, allot some warm border and give ground in many parts of the south of Europe, particularly in
occasional protection. When crops are in demand through- Spain about Madrid, and in Valencia ; in the olive region of
out winter, either sow in a moderate hot-bed, or in cradles to be France; in Italy, south of Austria, Transylvania, and Sicily;
placed in a stove; pans filled with rotten tan are to be preferred in Britain, in mountainous situations in Wales and elsewhere;
to pots or boxes with mould. From the last fortnight of October Scotland, in Perthshire near the seat of the Earl of Kinnoul,
till the 1st of March, it will be almost fruitless to sow in the and by the river Earn ; in Angusshire between Brichen and
open garden; but a terrace sloping south under a frame, may be Montrose; at Browston in Suffolk. Thláspi hírtum, Lin. spec.
used at the decline of the year and most early part of spring, 901. Medik. nov. gen. t. 2. f. 18. Thláspi hirsùtum B, Lam. i.
as the intermediate step between the open garden and hot-bed, fr. 2. p. 465. Lèpia hírta, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 166. Lèpia
if more within the means at command. During this interval, Bonnaniàna, Presl. ex Spreng. Very like the preceding species.
some market-gardeners sow it just within the glasses which Hairy Mithridate Pepperwort. F1. June, July. Britain. Pl. 3
cover larger plants.” “ The cress is often raised on porous to å foot.
earthenware vessels of a conical form, having small gutters on 13 L. LEIOCAʼRPUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 536.) pods oval, winged,
the sides for retaining the seeds. These are called pyramids ; emarginate, smooth, boat-shaped. ©? H. Native of mount
they are somewhat ornamental in winter, and afford repeated Lebanon. Flowers and cauline leaves unknown. Seed like those
gatherings.
of L. hirtum. Radical leaves lanceolate.
“ Having allotted a fine piece of mellow soil to receive the Smooth-podded Mithridate Pepperwort. Pl. { to i foot.
seed, dig the surface, and take it finally preparatory to sowing, 14 L. ROTU'NDUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 537.) pods oval, winged,
which mostly perform in small, flat, shallow drills, four, five, emarginate, smooth ; cauline leaves lanceolate-linear, somewhat
or six inches asunder. Sow the seed very thick, and earth over fleshy, smooth. -Native of New Holland at King George's
very lightly, or but just thinly cover. Give occasional waterings Sound. Lèpia rotunda, Desv. journ. - bot. 3. p. 166 and 181.
in dry seasons."
Stem slender, branched from the base. Flowers unknown.
“ To gather cress in perfection, cut them while moderately Seeds large, brown. Cotyledons thick.
young, either clean to the root, or only the tops of advanced Round Mithridate Pepperwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. : foot.
plants. These last will shoot again for future gatherings, but 15 L. SPINO'SUM (Lin. mant. 253.) pods oblong, winged, emar-
the leaves will be hotter, and not so mild or tender as those of ginate, somewhat 2-horned, smooth ; radical leaves pinnate ;
younger plants.”
lobes cut. O.H. Native of the Levant. Ard. specim. 2.
p.
To save seed.--Either sow a portion in the spring for that 34. t. 16. Capsélla spinosa, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 46.
•
a
1

CRUCIFERÆ. LXX. LEPIDIUM.
219
a
3
Thláspi spinòsum, Poir. dict. 7. p. 545. Thláspi bispinosum, lyrately pinnate-lobed, middle ones broad-lanceolate, deeply-
Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 604. Herb smooth, erect, branched ; toothed, upper ones linear. O. H. Native of waste land and
lower cauline leaves irregularly-lobed, upper ones linear-lanceo- by way-sides in Siberia, Caucasus, and Tauria. Thlaspi apéta-
late, entire. Flowers small. Margins of sepals white.
lum, Poir. dict. 7. p. 547. Very like L. ruderàle, but differing
Spiny-podded Mithridate Pepperwort. F1. April, Sep. Clt. in the upper leaves being linear-lanceolate, broader, and a little
1787. Pl. 1 ft.
more glaucous, and in the pods being a little larger.
Cut-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1824. Pl. 3 to ft.
SECT. VI. DILE'PTIUM (a name given by Rafinsque, the 22 L. HUMIFU'SUM (Requien ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 241.)
meaning of which is not explained by him.) D. C. syst. 2. p. stem prostrate, pubescent at the top ; lower leaves lyrate, upper
538. prod. 1. p. 205. Silicle almost elliptical, somewhat ones sagittate, entire; petals thrice as long as calyx ; silicles
emarginate at the top, with keeled wingless valves. Style very smooth. O? H. Native of Corsica.
short. Flowers very small, sometimes 2 or 4-androus, rarely Trailing Pepperwort. Pl. trailing.
apetalous.
23 L. VESICA'RIUM (Lin. spec. 898.) pods elliptical, deeply
16 L. VIRGI’NICUM (Lin. spec. 900.) pods orbicular, emar- emarginate ; leaves pinnate ; lobes linear; joints of stem in-
ginate, shorter than the pedicels; flowers with 2 or 4 stamens ; flated. O. H. Native of arid, stony, or sterile places, and on
cauline leaves linear lanceolate, deeply serrated, smooth. O. H. old walls, in eastern Caucasus and Iberia, also of Persia ;
Native of waste land and gravelly places in North America, on old walls of the city of Casbin. Hill. veg. syst. 11. t. 41.
from New York to Carolina, also at Nootka Sound ; in Monte f. 3.-Buxb. cent. 1. p. 17. t. 26. A smooth herb, with dicho-
Video, Cuba, Tobago, Jamaica, and St. Domingo. L. Ibèris, tomous branches. Seeds almost oblong-triquetrous.
Schkuhr. handb. 2. p. 222. t. 180. Thláspi Virginianum, Poir. Bladdery-jointed Pepperwort. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1820.
dict. 7. p. 544. L. triándra, Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 426. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
L. Pollichii, Roth. fl. germ. 2. t. 91 ? Thláspi Virgínicum, Cav. 24 L. ANGULÒSUM (D. Urv. enum. no.578.) pods ovate, some-
præl, no. 935. Horn. hafn. 605. Herb smooth, branched ; lower what emarginate; leaves all pinnate ; segments deeply-toothed ;
leaves pinnate-lobed. Petals obovate, blunt. Seeds oval, com- stem very smooth, flexuous, angularly-furrowed. O. H. Native
pressed. Cotyledons linear.
of waste land about the city of Theodosia. Differs from L.
Virginian Pepperwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1713. Pl. 1 foot. vesicàrium in not having tumid joints, from L. perfoliatum by the
17 L. SPICA'TUM (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 164 and 178.) pods upper leaves not being perfoliate.
orbicular, emarginate, somewhat longer than the pedicels ; leaves Angular-stemmed Pepperwort. Pl. 7 to 1 foot.
linear, entire, smooth. O. H. Native of the Straits of Magel- 25 L. PERFOLIA'TUM (Lin. spec. 897.) pods elliptical, some-
lan. An erect smooth herb, very like L. Virginicum. Leaves what emarginate ; lower leaves stalked, pinnate, with multifid
pressed to the stem. Pods as if they were imbricated.
lobes ; upper leaves cordate, entire, stem-clasping. O. H.
Spicale-podded Pepperwort. Pl. į to 1 foot.
Native of Spain, Austria, Transylvania, island of Scio, Syria,
18 L. MENZIESII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 539.) pods orbicular, Persia, Tauria, &c. in uncultivated fields. Jacq. austr. t. 346.
somewhat emarginate; leaves pubescent, radical ones pinnate- A variety of this plant, with larger fruit, was gathered near
parted, lobes cut; upper leaves linear entire. 24?H. Native Tiflis in Tauria. A smooth herb, with the stems branched at
of the western coast of North America. Allied to L. Virginicum, the top, remarkable for the different forms of the leaves. .
but differing in the leaves being pubescent, not smooth. Stems Perfoliate-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1640.
erect, branched at the top.
Pl. I to foot.
Menzies's Pepperwort. Pl. 3 or 4 inches.
26 L. CARDA'MINES (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 278.) pods oval, some-
19 L. SUBULA'TUM (Lin. spec. 899.) pods ovate, somewhat what emarginate ; leaves pinnate, with ovate, entire lobes, ter-
emarginate ; leaves subulate, entire ; stem suffruticose. h. H. minal lobe large and roundish. 3. F. Native of Spain by way.
Native of Spain on gypsaceous hills. Asso syn. arrag, p. 83. t. sides about Madrid. Ard. specim. 1. p. 18. t. 19.-Lin. in act.
6. f. 3. Thláspi subulatum, Cav. præl. no. 935. Stems many, stockh. 1755. t. 8 and 9. Thlaspi Cardamines, Poir. dict. 7. p.
branched, tufted, covered with fine down or smooth. Calyx white, 545. A smooth herb, with a woody root, somewhat pubescent
spreading. Petals obovate.
in the racemes. Stems in the spontaneous plants diffuse, ascen-
Subulate-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. Pl.
dant in the cultivated plants, erect. Petals obovate, hardly un-
1 to foot.
quiculate. Pods and pedicels pubescent.
20 L. RUDERA‘LE (Lin. spec. 900.) pods ovate, emarginate, Cardamon Pepperwort or Spanish Cress. Fl. June, July.
spreading, shorter than the pedicels ; leaves smooth, radical ones Clt. 1789. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
pinnate-lobed, those of the branches are linear and entire ; 27 L. DIVARICA'TUM (Hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 441.) pods
flowers diandrous, petalless. O. H. Native of waste grounds oval, somewhat emarginate, approximate ; lower leaves pinnate-
and by way-sides
throughout the whole of Europe, also in Tau- parted, with divaricate acute lobes ; those of the branches linear;
ria, Siberia, and Dauria; in New Holland but probably intro- stem much branched. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good
duced ; in Brasil; in England, especially near the sea-side, in a Hope. Thláspi divaricatum, Poir. dict. 7. p. 543. A smooth
muddy or calcareous soil. At Yarmouth, Cley, and Lynn, Nor- branched pale-green shrub.
folk, plentifully; at Truro, Cornwall, and Malden, Essex; below Divaricated-branched Pepperwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1774.
Bristol; by the side of the Severn above Worcester, Eder. Al. Pl. 1 foot.
dan. t. 184. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1786. t. 180. Smith, engl, 28 L. BONARIE'NSE (Lin. spec. 901.) pods orbicular, emar-
bot. t. 1595. Nasturtium ruderàle, Scop. carn. ed. 2. p. 801. ginate ; flowers diandrous ; leaves all pinnately-multifid, very
Ibèris ruderàlis, Crantz. austr. 21. Thiáspi ruderàle, All. ped. minutely ciliated ; stem smooth,
minutely ciliated ; stem smooth. O. H. Native of Buenos
917. Senckenbérgia ruderàlis, Fl. wett. 2. p. 213. Thláspi Ayres and about Monte Video. Thlaspi Bonariénse, Poir. dict.
.
tenuifolium, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 467. Herb smooth, erect, much 7. p. 543. T. multifidum, Poir. dict. 7. p. 545. A smooth herb,
.
branched, glaucous, fetid, and pungent when bruised.
with an acrid taste. Stem branched. Dill. elth. t. 286. f. 370.
Rubbish Pepperwort. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. 1 to 1 ft. Buenos Ayrean Pepperwort. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1732. Pl. 2 ft.
21 L. INCI'SUM (Roth. nov. cat. 1. p. 224.) pods orbiculate, 29 L. BIPINNATIFIDUM (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165 and 177.)
deeply emarginate; flowers diandrous ; lower leaves oblong, pods oval, emarginate ; leaves pinnate-parted, with the mid-rib
;
-
F f 2

220
.
CRUCIFERÆ. LXX. LEPIDIUM.
a
It re-
winged; lobes multifid ; branches pubescent.-Native of South being almost orbicular and profoundly emarginate, with the
America, in Peru about Cheuchin. Stems branched. Leaves stigma inclosed, not elliptical, with the style exserted beyond the
smooth. Pods smooth, one-half shorter than the pedicels. recess, as in that species. Flowers small, white.
Bipinnatifid-leaved Pepperwort. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
0-Wahu Pepperwort. Pl. 1 foot.
30 L. CHICHICA'RA (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165 and 179.) pods
.
39 L. No'væ-HOLLA'NDIÆ (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 177.) pods
obovate, emarginate ; leaves smooth, lower ones pinnatifid, with oblong-rhomboid, truncate; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, entire
denticulated lobes ; upper leaves ovate-oblong, equally toothed. or toothed at the top. Þ.G. Native of New Holland. Stems
O. H. Native of Para in Brasil. Stems trailing, spreading, hard, woody at the base, much branched. Branches angular,
much branched. Chichicara is the name of the plant at Para. smooth, or somewhat spiny. Leaves somewhat fleshy, smooth.
Chichicara Pepperwort. Pl. trailing.
New Holland Pepperwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
31 L. PUBESCENS (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165 and 180.) pods
retusely emarginate, winged ; leaves smooth, pinnatifid ; lobes Sect. VII. LEPIDIA'STRUM (altered from Lepidium.) D. C.
linear, sparingly toothed ; stem and pedicels villous.-Native of syst. 2. p. 547. prod. 1. p. 207. Pods somewhat elliptical, quite
Para in Brazil. Stems prostrate, pubescent, branched. Leaves entire, with wingless keeled valves. Style very short.
smooth. Margins of pods winged.
40 L. OLERACEUM (Forst. prod. no. 248.) pods ovate, acutish;
Pubescent-branched Pepperwort. Pl. prostrate.
leaves smooth, elliptical-oblong, deeply serrated; upper ones
32 L. IBEROI'DES (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165 and 176.) pods entire, but rather serrated at the apex. O.H. Native of New
elliptical, somewhat emarginate ; leaves linear, lower ones toothed Zealand on the sea-shore. A smooth branched erectish herb.
at the top. O. H. Native of the Mauritius. Stems erect, Stamens 4. This plant is a powerful anti-scorbutic, and is found of
smooth, branched; branches filiform. Pods rather shorter than
great service to the crews of ships visiting New Zealand.
the pedicels, with keeled wingless valves.
sembles lettuce in taste, and acts as a moderate aperient.
Candy-Tuft-like Pepperwort. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Pot-herb Pepperwort. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1824. Pl. from 1 to 3 ft.
33 L. SUBDENTA'TUM (Burch. cat. geogr. pl. afri. austr. extra 41 L. CRI'SPUM (Desy. journ. bot. 3. p. 165 and 176.) pods
trop. no. 1299.) pods elliptical, bluntly emarginate ; flowers dian- elliptically-rhomboid; stigma somewhat exserted; leaves ob-
drous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base and toothed ovate, toothed, with curled margins. O? H. Native of New
at top, upper ones linear-entire. 4. G. Native of the Cape
Native of the Cape Holland at Bass Strait. Herb erect, branched, smooth. Branches
of Good Hope on the bank of rivulets in Roggevelds-Karro. angular. Leaves rather fleshy.
angular. Leaves rather fleshy. Seeds rufous, about the size of
A smooth branched herb, somewhat shrubby at the base. those of L. sativum.
Flowers probably apetalous.
Curled-leaved Pepperwort. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Subdentate-leaved Pepperwort. Pl. 1 foot.
42 L. LYRATUM (Lin. spec. 899.) pods ovate, pointed with
34 L. CUNEIFOLIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 545.) pods oval-rhom- the style; lower leaves stalked, lyrately-pinnate; lobes deeply
boid, emarginate; leaves wedge-shaped, and entire at the base, cut, terminal one large. O. H. Native of Armenia near Mount
obovate and acutely-serrated at the apex. 0. H. Native of
.
O. H. Native of Ararat. Stem erect, branched. Tourn. voy. 2. p. 339. icon.
New South Wales. Branches furnished with branchlets at the Lyrate-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Pl. 2
top. Sepals white. Racemes when in flower short.
or 3 feet.
Wedge-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. 43 L. LATIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 899.) pods ovate, pointed with
35 L. HYSSOPIFOLIUM (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 164 and 179.) the stigma; leaves ovate-lanceolate, undivided, a little serrated,
pods oval, emarginate ; stigma sessile, capitate; leaves linear- lower ones on long footstalks. 4. H. Native of Europe, from
lanceolate, remotely-toothed, smooth. O?H. Native of New Spain to Sweden, from England to Greece, also of Algiers ; about
Holland about Hawkesbury. Stem tall, smooth, branched; Astracan; in Siberia in salt marshes and wet sandy shady places
branches long, divaricate. Differing from L. piscidium in the under cliffs, generally near the sea; in England in several parts
leaves being toothed, and from L. oleraceum in the leaves being of Essex and Yorkshire ; below Sheringham cliffs, Norfolk. Fl.
narrower, and not dilated at the top.
dan. t. 557. Smith, engl. bot. 182. The whole plant is very
Hyssop-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. Ju.Jul. Clt.1820. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. pungent, acrid, and ulcerating. Root creeping. Herb erect,
36 L. FOLIÒSUM (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 164 and 180.) pods smooth. Leaves broad, rather fleshy. The young leaves are
oval-rhomboid, emarginate ; style a little exserted ; leaves ob- sometimes eaten as a salad. It was formerly used in place of
long, blunt, crowded, coarsely toothed at the top. O? H. horse-radish. An infusion of it will vomit. Having a hot biting
Native of New Holland. A robust erect branched herb. taste like pepper, and the leaves having been often used by coun-
Branches thickly beset with rather fleshy leaves. Pods double try people to give a relish to their viands instead of pepper, it
the size of those of L. piscidium.
had the appellation of Poor Man's Pepper.
Leafy Pepperwort. Fl.? Pl. 1 foot.
Broad-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. July. Britain. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
37 L. PISCIDIUM (Forst. prod. no. 249.) pods oblong-obovate, 44 L. CRASSIFÒLIUM (Walds. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 4. t. 4.) pods
emarginate; stigma exserted; leaves oval-oblong, toothed, pointed by the stigma ; leaves smooth, somewhat fleshy, entire,
backwards or very entire. O. H. Native of the Society radical ones stalked, ovate, cauline ones sessile, sagittate. 4.H.
Islands and Sandwich islands. L. bidentàtum, Montin. nov. Native of salt-marshes, or dry and sterile places impregnated
act. nat. cur. 6. p. 324. t. 5. a. Stems erect, smooth, branched with salt, in Hungary near Eimstadt, &c. ; in Tauria at the
at the top. This plant is used by the natives of the Society Bosphorus; in the island of Taman; in the Kuman steppe;
islands for the purpose of catching fish by inebriating them. It near the rivers Volga and Kuma, &c. L. salinum, Pall. ined.
was used by the English voyagers as a salad, but it was found ex- L. verrucosum, D. C. mem. soc. hist. nat. par. an. vii. p. 145.
tremely pungent.
L. Candólii, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165. Herb glaucous,
Fish-poison Pepperwort. Fl. Sept. Cit. 1779. Pl. 1 foot. usually many-stemmed; these are clothed at the neck with the
38 L. O-WAHIE'NSIS (Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa. 1. p. remnants of the old leaves. Flowers like those of L. latifolium.
32.) silicles orbicular, emarginate; stigma sessile, inclosed ; leaves Thick-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. i ft.
obovate, tapering into the petiole, coarsely serrated. 4. H. 45 L. AFFI'NE (Ledeb. from Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p.
Native of the Sandwich islands. This species differs from L. 152.) pods pointed with the style, at last smooth; leaves ovate-
piscidium in the leaves being more serrated, and in the silicles lanceolate, all serrated ; serratures of the upper leaves acumi-
a
a.

CRUCIFERÆ. LXX. LEPIDIUM. LXXI. BIVONÆA.
221
-
-
nated, spreading. 4. H. Native of Siberia. Root creeping. shrubby, tall. Branches divaricate, somewhat dichotomous,
Flowers larger and fewer than those of L. latifolium, which the round, whitish, few-flowered.
whole plant very much resembles.
Shrubby Pepperwort. Pl. 2 or 3 feet?
Allied Pepperwort. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 2 or 3 feet.
.
55. L. DECU’MBENS (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165 and 176.-
46 L. SUFFRUTICÒSUM (Lin. mant. 91.) pods elliptical, pointed Native ? L. divaricatum, Willd. hort. berl. Leaves as if they
with the style ; stems fruticose; radical leaves obovate-oblong, were stalked, deeply-toothed. Pods ovate-oblong, roundish at
toothed, cauline ones linear, entire. h. H. Native of Spain. the top. Style scarcely exserted. Stems annual, much branched,
L. graminifolium, Cav. icon. 2. p. 41. t. 161. f. 2. Stem simple elongated, decumbent, hardly pubescent.
or hardly branched. Seeds rufous, compressed.
Decumbent Pepperwort. Pl. decumbent.
Suffruticose Pepperwort. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1683. Pl. 2 ft. 56 L.? TUBEROSUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 554.) 4. H. Native
47 L. LINEA'RE (D. C. in dict. encycl. 5. p. 46.) pods ovate, of Louisiana. Nasturtium tuberosum, Raf. fl. lud. p. 84. no.
somewhat pointed by the sessile stigma; stems suffruticose; ra- 271. Root tuberous, white. Stem erect, branched, smooth.
dical leaves pinnate, with few distant lobes, the rest linear-subu- Radical leaves pinnate ; leaflets toothed, terminal one large,
late and entire. ħ.H. Native of Spain. Very like L. subulatum, hastate ; cauline leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate toothed. Racemes
but differs from it in the pods not being emarginate, as well as in lax. Pods roundish, emarginate. Stigma sessile. Perhaps a
the lower leaves being pinnate. Stems smooth or greyish from species of Thláspi, allied to Thláspi tuberosum.
minute down.
Tuberous-rooted Pepperwort. Fl. Feb. Pl. 1 foot.
Linear-leaved Pepperwort. Fl. July. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 57 L. PRÆ cox (D. C. syst. 2. p. 554.) 4. H. Native of
to ft.
Louisiana. Diléptium præ cox, Raf. fl. lud. p. 86. no. 273.
.
48 L. IBE'Ris (Lin. spec. 900. from the synonyms.) pods Stem erect, branched. Radical leaves pinnate; cauline leaves
ovate, pointed with the stigma ; radical leaves cut or pinnate ; pinnatifid. Petals equal in length to the calyx.
cauline ones linear, entire ; stem much branched. 4. H. Na- Early-flowering Pepperwort. Fl. Feb. Pl. 1 foot.
tive of waste ground and by way-sides in middle and south 58 L. DIFFU'SUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 554.)-Native of Louisi-
Europe, also in Tauria and Siberia. Lepídium graminifolium, ana. Diléptium diffùsum, Raf. fl. lud. p. 85. no. 272. Stems
Lin. spec. 900. L. gramíneum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 469. L. miscel-
.
procumbent, diffuse,' much branched. Leaves small, pinnatifid;
laneòrum, Schultz, obs. no. 940. L. diandrum, Medik. in Ust. lobes toothed. Racemes loose, axillary and terminal. Petals
new. ann. 2. p. 45. L. exiguiflòrum, Clairv. herb. val. 214.— very minute, shorter than the calyx. Eatable as water-cress.
Tabern, icon. 848.-Lob. icon. 223. f. 2.-Mor. oxon. 2. p. Diffuse Pepperwort. Fl. April. Pl. 1 foot long.
311. sect. 3. t. 21. f. 1.–Sab. hort. rom. 4. t. 14. A very va- 59 L. Polli'chII (Roth. fl. germ. 2. p. 91.) O.H. Native
riable plant. Herb smooth, erect, branched, slender.
of Germany. L. Ibèris, Poll. pal. no. 607. This plant is some-
Candy-Tuft Pepperwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1793. Pl. lz ft. times received under the name of L. sativum var. laciniàtum.
49 L. CAPE'NSE (Thunb. prod. 107.) pods ovate, pointed with Pollich's Pepperwort. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Pl: 1 foot.
the sessile stigma; flowers diandrous ; lower leaves stalked, 60 L. CORDATUM (Willd. herb. from Stev. obs. ined.)--Native
pinnate-parted, middle ones serrated, upper ones entire. 4. G. of Siberia. Plant glaucous. Leaves cordate-oblong, quite en-
Native of the Cape of Good Hope on the north side of mount tire, stem-clasping. L. amplexicaule, Stev. herb. not Willd.
Leone. Stems many, rising from the neck, decumbent, or ascen- Heart-leaved Pepperwort. Pl. 1 foot.
dant, much branched, downy. Leaves smooth.
61 L. PROCU'MBENS (Lin. spec. 898.) Thláspi procumbens,
Cape Pepperwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. į to ft. long. Lapeyr. p. 191. no. 8. of this work, more properly belongs to
Z
.
50 L. FLEXUÒSUM (Thunb. prod. 107.) pods ovate, pointed this genus.
with the style ; leaves oblong, entire, radical ones stalked, cau- Cult. The green-house species will thrive well in any kind
line ones half stem-clasping; stems decumbent, flexuous. 4. G. of light soil, and are readily increased by cuttings planted under
Native of the Cape of Good Hope by the sea-side. Herb a hand-glass, or by seeds. The hardy perennial kinds by divid-
smooth, glaucous. Stems many, from the same root.
ing the plants at the root, or by seeds; they will thrive in any
Flexuous-stemmed Pepperwort. Pl.-to foot long.
kind of soil. The hardy annual sorts only require to be sown in
51 L. AFRICA'NUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 552.) pods elliptical, the open ground. None of the species are worth cultivating for
pointed by the stigma ; radical leaves lyrately-pinnate ; lobes cut, ornament.
terminal one large; middle leaves cut or pinnate, uppermost ones
entire. h ? G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
LXXI. BIVONÆ'A (in honour of Antonin Bivona-Bernardi,
Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 73. Thlaspi Africanum, Burm. fl. cap. a celebrated Sicilian botanist, author of Sicularum Plantarum
p. 17. Caudex woody, with annual pubescent stems, which are
Centuria prima, 1 vol. 8vo. published at Palermo, 1806.) D. C.
erect or ascendant.
syst. 2. p. 554. prod. 1. p. 208.
African Pepperwort. Fl. 1 to foot.
LIN. SYST.
Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle oval, emargi-
52 L. BIPINNA'TUM (Thunb. prod. 107.) pods? radical leaves nate, with keeled valves, which are winged on their back. Seeds
bipinnate-parted ; lobes filiform. 2. h. G. Native of the 4-6 in each cell, pendulous, ovate. An annual smooth glaucous
Cape of Good Hope. This species has at first sight the appear-
slender herb. Stem filiform, sparingly branched. Leaves alter-
ance of Pimpinélla dioica. Stems suffruticose. Fruit unknown. nate, lower ones stalked, the rest sessile, cordate, stem-clasping
Bipinnate-leaved Pepperwort. Pl. 1 foot.
at the base, ovate, toothed, bluntish. Racemes terminal, elon-
+ Species not sufficiently known.
gating as they grow. Pedicels filiform, bractless, shorter than
the pods. Flowers small, yellow.
53 L. PINNA'TUM (Thunb. prod. 107.) stem shrubby, erect;
1 B. LU'TEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 555.) O. H. Native of Sicily
(
leaves all pinnate. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. about Palermo, on dry mountains above St. Maria, called di
Pinnate-leaved Pepperwort. Pl. 1 foot ?
Gesu, and elsewhere. Thláspi luteum, Biv. cent. 1. p. 78.-
54 L. FRUTICULOSUM (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 165 and 180.) Cup. panph. sicul. 2. t. 256.
.
h. G. Native of New Holland. Leaves smooth, somewhat Yellow-flowered Bivonæa. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Pl.
fleshy, ovate-lanceolate. Pods oblong, narrowed at the top,
to foot.
blunt or somewhat truncate, shorter than the pedicels. Stem Cult. This pretty little annual plant is well adapted for orna-
4 ?
.

222
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXII. EUNOMIA. LXXIII. ÆTHIONEMA.
ولا
menting rock-work or the front of flower borders. The seeds saxatilis, Lin. spec. 901. Jacq. aust. t. 236. Schkuhr. handb.
only require to be sown where the plants are intended to remain. 2. no. 1791. t. 180. Leaves lanceolate, acutish.
A dry sandy soil will suit it best.
Var. B, obtusifolium (D. C. syst. 2. p. 558.) Ibèris parviflora,
Lam. dict. 3. p. 221. Thlaspi peregrinum, Lin. spec. 442 ?
LXXII. EUNO'MIA (from ev, eu, well, and vouos, nomos, Mor. hist. 2. p. 297. sect. 3. t. 18. f. 30.—Bauh. hist. 2. p.
order ; because the leaves are opposite and the seeds are twin.) 927. f. 1. Leaves oblong, blunt. Larger stamens toothed.
D. C. syst. 2. p. 555. prod. 1. p. 208.
Var. Y, ovalifolium (D. C. syst. 2. p. 559.) Lepídium
LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle oval, with keeled marginàtum, Lapeyr. abr. 365. Thláspi marginàtum, Lapeyr.
valves, and with two oblong-triquetrous seeds in each cell. Fu- suppl. p. 90. Leaves oval. According to Sibthorp these plants
.
nicles somewhat united. Suffrutescent branched or tufted smooth are shrubby in their native countries, but in gardens they are an-
herbs. Leaves opposite, upper ones sometimes alternate, ses- nual. Flowers of all pale-purple. Larger stamens toothed.
-
sile, or stem-clasping, orbicular or cordate, entire, thickish. Ra- Rock Æthionema. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. Pl. 2 to 6 inch.
cemes 10 or 12-flowered, short, terminal. Flowers whitish. 2 Æ. GRA'CILE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 559.) pods 2-celled, few-
1 E. OPPOSITIFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 556.) leaves opposite, seeded, obcordate ; style equal with the valves ; valves winged
p
almost orbicular, quite entire, smooth. 4. h. H. Native on at back and toothed ; larger stamens toothed; racemes when in
Mount Lebanon. Ibèris oppositifòlia, Pers. ench. 2. p. 186. fruit lax. h. H. Native of sandy hills in Carniola, and per-
Lepídium oppositifòlium, Lab. syr. dec. 5. p. 14. t. 9. f. 2. haps on gravelly hills in Cappadocia. Thláspi peregrinum, Scop.
Thlaspi oppositifolium, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 277. Lèpia oppositi- carn. ed. 2. no. 809?-Bocc. mus. p. 79. t. 70. Suffrutescent;
fòlia, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 166. Stems decumbent, branched, branches and branchlets slender, elongated. Leaves lanceolate,
and easily broken at the joints. Leaves rather glaucous. Flowers pointed. Flowers like those of Æ. saxatilis.
white.
A pretty little plant.
Slender-branched Æthionema. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
Opposite-leaved Eunomia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1827. Pl. 4 to 1 foot. Pl. Å foot.
2 E. CHLORÆFÒLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 556.) leaves opposite, 3 Æ. CRISTA'TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 560.) pods 2-celled, 2-4-
almost orbicular, roughly crenulated on the margin. 4. h.H. seeded, orbicular, emarginate both at the base and the top;
Native of Bithynia on Mount Olympus near the top. Ibè- valves winged at the back, and deeply crested and toothed. O.
ris chloræfòlia, Sibth. Smith, prod. fl. græc. 2. p. 10. Ibèris H. Native of Syria, near Aleppo. Thlaspi peregrinum, Poir.
Olympica, Sibth, in herb. Banks.
,
Lepídium chloræfolium,
dict. 7. p. 541. Stems erect, more or less branched from the
Spreng, syst. 2. p. 865. Stems tufted, quadrangular. Leaves base ; axillary branches filiform, shorter than the stem. Leaves
rather glaucous. Flowers unknown.
ovate-lanceolate, acute. Larger stamens connected together. De-
Chlora-leaved Eunomia. Pl. 2 inches.
less. icon. sel. 2. t. 74.
3 E. CORDA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 557.) lower leaves oppo- Var. B, Thláspi Arábicum (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 167.) 0.
p.
site, the rest alternate, all heart-shaped. Þ.H. Native of H. Lower leaves obovate, upper ones ovate, scarcely cordate at
Armenia and Syria, on mount Lebanon and on the mountains the base. Native of Syria, between Aleppo, and Mossul, Bagdad
about Erzerum. Myàgrum chloræfòlium, Willd. spec. 3. p. 407.
p 407. and Kermancha, Teheran and Hispahan.
Thlaspi cordatum, Desf. ann. mus. 11. p. 382. t. 33. Choix. cor.
p
Crested-podded Æthionema. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
. p. 68. t. 52. Lepídium Tournefortii
, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 866. 4 Æ. BUXBAU’MI (D. C. syst. 2. p. 560.) pods 2-celled, 2-
-Buxb. cent. 1. p. 3. t. 3. f. 1. Stems erect, branched, smooth. seeded, orbicular, emarginate both at the base and the top; back
Leaves glaucous. Flowers white. Perhaps a proper genus. of valves winged, quite entire; racemes crowded, aggregate. O.
Cordate-leaved Eunomia. Fl. June. Pl. foot.
H. Native of Cappadocia, in gravelly soil by the margins of
Cult. These pretty little plants will answer well for orna- rivulets; also in Iberia, near Tiflis, in sandy places which are
menting rock-work, or to be kept in small pots and placed among sometimes inundated by torrents. Ibèris Arábica, Lin. amoen.
other alpine plants. Those cultivated in the latter way should be acad. 4. p. 278. Thláspi Buxbaumii, Fisch. in litt. Horn. hort.
grown in a mixture of sand, loam and peat, and the pots should hafn. suppl. 71. Æthionèma Cappadocicum, Spreng. nov. prod.
be well drained with potsherds. They may either be increased 1. no. 2. Thlaspi Arábicum, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 430. Stems
by cuttings planted under a hand-glass in the same kind of soil, erect, branched ; axillary branches filiform, exceeding the stems.
or by seeds.
Lower leaves ovate, blunt, narrowed at the base, upper ones cor-
date, stem-clasping, ovate or ovate-oblong, entire, acute. Flowers
LXXIII. ÆTHIONEMA (from arow, aitho, to scorch, and small, purplish.-Buxb. cent. 1. p. 2. t. 5. f. 1.
vua, nema, a filament; apparently in allusion to some tawny or
Buxbaum's Æthionema. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. 4 to 6 in.
burnt appearance in the stamens.) R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. 5 Æ. CORIDIFÒLIUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 561.) pods 2-celled, 2-
vol. 4. p. 80. D. C. syst. 2. p. 557. prod. 1. p. 208.
seeded, obcordate, crowded ; valves winged at the back, entire ;
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicles oval, usually leaves linear, crowded, lower ones spreading. Þ. H.
. SYST.
h. H. Native
emarginate, with navicular valves, which are winged on the back on Mount Lebanon. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 76. A little shrubby
(f. 47. b.). Cells 1 (f. 47. b.) 2-seeded. Larger stamens con- plant with filiform branches. Flowers rose-purplish, largish.
nected, or each furnished with a tooth on the inside. Seeds Coris-leaved Æthionema. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to foot.
ovate-oblong, appearing muricated under a microscope. Herbs 6 Æ. MEMBRANACEUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 561.) pods 2-celled,
or sub-shrubs, perennial or annual, branched from the base, 2-seeded (f. 47. b.), obcordate, crowded ; valves winged on the
diffuse or erect. Leaves rather fleshy, glaucous, sessile, entire, back, entire ; leaves linear, distant, strictly appressed. . H.
ovate-oblong, lower ones linear, and usually opposite. Stems Native of Persia, on Mount Elwend. Lèpia membranacea, Desv.
round. Racemes crowded, terminal. Pedicels filiform, bract- journ. bot. 3. p. 166 and 181. A little shrub with filiform
less. Flowers small, flesh-coloured or purplish.
branches. Flowers purplish. Leaves somewhat fleshy. Deless.
1 Æ. SAXA'TILIS (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 80.) icon. sel. 2. p. 75. Larger stamens toothed.
pods 2-celled, many-seeded, obcordate; style very short; valves Membranous Æthionema. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1828. Pl. 1 to ft.
entire, winged on the back; fructiferous, racemes lax. O. H. 7 Æ. STYLÒSUM (D, C. syst. 2. p. 562.) pods 2-celled ? 2-
Native of many places in the south of Europe, on rocks, Spain, seeded, disposed in loose racemes; valves winged on the back ;
France, Italy, Sicily, Greece, Switzerland, &c. &c. Thlaspi style elongated ; larger stamens connected ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
a
.

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXIV. REDOWSKIA. LXXV. APHRAGMUS. LXXVI. TAUSCHERIA. LXXVII. ISATIS.
223
of this genus.
cous.
a
late. ħ. H. Native on Mount Lebanon. Thláspi cárneum, disposed in two rows, pendulous. Cotyledons incumbent, thick.
.
,
Russel in Schrad. journ. 1. p. 426. A little shrub with filiform Perhaps this genus belongs more properly to Camelíneæ.
branches. Flowers flesh-coloured, larger than any other species 1 A. EscHSCHOLZIA'NUS (Andrz. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 210.)
Native of the Aleutian Islands.
Long-styled Æthionema. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
Eschscholz's Aphragmus. Pl. 1 foot.
8 Æ. POLYGALOÌDES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 562.) pods 1-celled, Cult. This plant is not worth cultivating, except in general
1-seeded, opening, emarginate at each end ; stem shrubby at collections. It only requires to be sown in the open ground.
the base ; leaves oblong-linear. Þ.H. Native of the island of
Scio. A very small shrub, branching from the base, with the LXXVI. TAUSCHERIA (Ignat. Fred. Tauscher, Professor
habit of Polygala saxatilis. Leaves somewhat fleshy. Flowers of Botany at Prague, author of several botanical works). Fisch.
unknown, but perhaps purplish.
in D.C. syst. 2. p. 563. prod. 1. p. 210.
.
.
Polygala-like Æthionema. Pl. 2 or 3 inches.
LIN. SYST.
Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle oval, almost
9 É. MONOSPE'RMUM (R, Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. boat-shaped, 1-celled, 1-seeded, with navicular, indehiscent
80.) pods 1-celled, 1-seeded, indehiscent, emarginate at the top;
valves. Seed pendulous, oblong. Annual, erect, smooth,
stem herbaceous; leaves oval or obovate. J.H. Native of branched, herbs, with filiform stems. Lower leaves oblong, nar-
Spain. A little herb with hardish branches. Leaves blunt, co- rowed at the base; cauline ones sessile, sagittate, entire, glau-
riaceous. Flowers purplish, a little larger than those of Æthio-
Racemes opposite the leaves, or as if they were ter-
nèma saxatilis. Larger stamens toothed.
minal upon the abortive branches, elongated, bractless. Flowers
One-seeded Æthionema. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1778. Pl. 1 to į ft. small, white.
,
Cult. The shrubby kinds of this genus should be kept in pots, 1 T. LASIOCA'RPA (Fisch. in litt. icon. D. C. syst. 2. p. 563.)
which should be well drained with potsherds and treated like pods villous on the convex part. O. H. Native of the Kir-
other alpine plants. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat suits ghisian steppe at Lake Inderskoe. The whole herb, except the
them best, and cuttings planted under a hand-glass in the same fruit, is smooth, not unlike Isàtis nàna.
kind of soil will root readily, or they may be increased by seeds. Woolly-podded Taucheria. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl. 2 ft.
Some of the more hardy species may be planted on rock-work, 2 T. GYMNOCA'RPA (Fisch. in litt. icon. D. C. syst. 2. p. 564.)
which by their dwarf growth they are well adapted for. The pods smooth. O. H. Native with the preceding. Very like
annual and biennial species may either be sown on rock-work or T. lasiocarpa, but differing in the leaves being smaller, and the
in the front of the flower-border. A light dry soil suits them pods smooth.
best. All the species are worth cultivating.
Naked-podded Taucheria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft.
Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating, except in
LXXIV. REDO'WSKIA (to the honour of Redowski, a Rus- botanic gardens. They only require to be sown in the open
sian botanical collector). Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 33.
p
ground or on rock-work, for which, from their low growth, they
t. 2.
are well adapted.
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Calyx pilose, of 4
ovate obtuse sepals, with white margins. Petals equal, roundish- LXXVII. ISA'TIS (from loağw, isazo, to render equal ; the
obovate, entire, twice the length of the calyx. Filaments tooth- plant was believed to destroy by its simple application, all rough-
less, smooth. Silicle smooth, inflated, globose; style half a line ness and inequalities of the skin). Bauh. pin. 113. Lin. gen.
long, crowned by a 2-lobed stigma, 1-celled, from the dissepiment no. 824. Lam. ill. t. 554. D. C. syst. 2. p. 564. prod. 1. p. 210.
being wanting, 2-valved; valves with a nerve running through LIN. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle elliptical, flat,
their middle. Seeds 8-12. Cotyledons unknown. A perennial 1-celled, 1-seeded, with keeled navicular valves, which are
plant with a thick root and pinnate radical leaves, with pinnatifid scarcely dehiscent. Seed pendulous, oblong. Tal
oblong. Tall, erect,
leaflets, which are white from short tomentum ; cauline leaves pin- branched, annual or biennial herbs. Stems round. Lower leaves
nate with toothed leaflets, but becoming more simple as they stalked, ovate, or ovate-oblong; upper ones sessile, sagittate,
ascend. Stem ascending, Flowers on pedicels white, at first with acute auricles, all more or less glaucous, entire, or a little
in corymbs, but at length lengthening out into racemes.
toothed. Racemes terminal, many-flowered, disposed in lax
1 R. SOPHIÆFO'LIA (Cham. 1. c. t. 2.) 2. H. Native of the panicles, erect, elongated; pedicels filiform, bractless, erect, at
.
north-eastern parts of Asia.
the time of flowering corymbose, afterwards deflexed, usually a
Sophia-leaved Redowskia. Pl. ; to foot.
little thickened under the pod. Flowers yellow. All the species
Cult. An inconspicuous plant, which will
any
cir- of this genus furnishes a blue dye, which is used by dyers in
cumstance. Not worth cultivating, unless in botanic gardens. various ways. This dye is perfectly like indigo, and is often
used as a substitute for it, especially that obtained from Isàtis
Tribe X.
tinctòria.
ISATI'DEÆ (plants agreeing with Isatis in some characters)
or NOTORHI'ZEÆ (see sub-order II.) NUCAMENTACEÆ
Sect. I. SAMERA'RIA (from samera, the seed of the elm;
(nucamentum, a catkin ; shape of pods): D. C. syst. 2. p. jour. bot. 3. p. 161. t. 24. f. 6.
, .
winged like it). D. C. syst. 2. p. 565. prod. 1. p. 210. Desv.
Silicle oval or orbicular,
563. prod. 1. p. 209. Silicle with indistinct or indehiscent
"keeled valves (f. 47. d.) 1-celled, 1-seeded, from the dissepiment
indehiscent, girded by a broad, leafy, membranous wing.
1
having vanished.
1 I. GARCI'NI (D. C. syst. 2. p. 565.) pods rather pedicellate,
Seeds ovate-oblong. Cotyledons flat, in-
cumbent, apparently in the same direction as the dissepiment broadly marginate
, obovate
, cuneated at the base, very blunt at
, . J. H. Native of Persia, Deless.
.
icon. sel. 2. t. 77. Peltària Garcini, Burm. Al. ind. 139. t. 46.
LXXV. APHRA'GMUS (from a priv. ppaypos, phrag-
phrag- f. 1. Perhaps a proper genus.
mos, a dissepiment ; silicles without a dissepiment). Andrz.
Garcin's Woad. Pl. 1 foot.
in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 209.
2 I. Arme'NA (Lin. spec. 936.) pod orbicular, cordate at the
LIN. SYST.
Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle lanceolate, base, broadly marginate, pointed with the style. O.H. Native
acute, with flat, nerved valves, without a dissepiment. Seeds of Armenia in dry meadows on the margins of rivulets, and in
a
grow under

224
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXVII. Isatis.
Iberia about Tiflis. Tratt. arch. 2. p. 41. t. 70. Samerària handb. 2. no. 1921. t. 188. Tratt. arch. 2. p. 39. t. 67. I. he-
Armèna, Desv. jour. bot. 3. p. 161. t. 25. f. 6.-Buxb. cent. 1. terocarpa, Andrz?
p. 3. t. 4. Auricles of leaves blunt.
Var. B, sativa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 570.) leaves smooth, broad.
Armenian Woad. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1825. Pl. 1 to 1/ foot. I. sativa, Fusch. hist. 331. icon. Dod. pempt. 79. f. 2. Dalech.
3 I. LATISI'LIQUA (Stev. mem. soc. nat. mosc. 1812. vol. 3. lugd. 499. f. 2. This is the variety which is cultivated for use.
p. 263.) pods elliptical, blunt, sessile, broadly marginate ; stigma Var.
Y, hirsùta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves narrow, hairy. I. alpina,
sessile; auricles of leaves blunt. 4. H. Native of Cappa- Vill. dauph. 3. p. 308, exclusive of the synonyms. Native of
docia, and in the Alps about Chinalug in Eastern Caucasus. exposed rocky situations.
I. Cappadocica, Desv. journ. bot. 1814. p. 174. Pods velvety, Var. d, microcarpa (D. C. 1. c.) leaves smooth, narrow; pods
from short down.
smaller. I. Dalmática, Mill. dict. no. 2.? Native on Mount
Var. B, glàbra (Stev. ind. D. C. syst, 2. p. 566.) pods smooth, Lebanon.
or nearly so.
The common dyers' woad was formerly called glástum,
Broad-podded Woad. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 to 1 ft. from the Celtic glas, blue, whence Glastonbury derived its
4 I. LEIOCA'RPA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 567.) pods oval-oblong, name. The ancient Britons are reported to have painted their
sessile, somewhat truncate at the apex, with a sessile stigma; bodies with the blue colour obtained from this plant, whence
auricles of leaves acute. O? H. Native on Mount Lebanon. they received their appellation Britho, being the Celtic word for
Flowers a little larger than those of I. tinctòria.
to paint, hence Britons. The Picts were so named by the
Smooth-podded Woad. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1: foot.
Romans for the same reason. On account of the brightness of its
5 I. LUSITA’NICA (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 560. but not of others) manufactured colours, the Celts called it gwed (guesde in
pods obovate, wedge-shaped at the base, very blunt and emar- French to this day) whence the Anglo Saxons obtained their
ginate at the apex, broadly marginate ; stem and leaves smooth. name of waad or wad, and the English the word woad. It is in
O. H. Native of Portugal, among rocks near Miranda do occasional cultivation for its leaves, from which a dye, as a sub-
Doiro. I. glauca, Willd. herb. from Stev. obs. ind.
stitute for indigo, is obtained. The seeds are sown on well-pre-
Portugal Woad. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1739. Pl. 1] foot.
}
pared land in good heart. Fresh broken old pasture-land is
preferred, and the great object is to have large leaves; for
Sect. II. GLAʼSTUM (from glas, the celtic word for blue ; which purpose, as Miller observes, the culture given by the best
because of the plants yielding a blue dye like indigo). D. C. gardeners to spinach should be imitated, that of sowing on a
syst. 2. p. 568. prod. 1. p. 210. Silicle oval-oblong, or almost
.
very rich well pulverised soil, thinning the plants so as they may
linear, with corky margins, scarcely dehiscent.
not touch each other, keeping them perfectly clear of weeds, and
6 I. ALPI'NA (All. ped. no. 944. t. 86. f. 2.) pods oval-oblong, frequently
frequently stirring the soil between the plants. The culture
blunt at both ends, quite smooth, with somewhat leafy-winged applied to the turnip in Northumberland would succeed well
margins, almost 3-times as long as broad. 2? 3. H. Native with woad. The seeds are sown in July, and the plants, when
of Piedmont on Mount Vesulo, and in the Apennines. A very they come up, weeded and thinned; next July, or earlier, the
distinct species, intermediate between the two sections.
first
crop of leaves may be gathered, and two or three others will
Alpine Woad. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1800. Pl. 1 to 1 foot. be obtained during the season.
The end of the second year
7 İ. PRÆ'cox (Kit. from Tratt. arch. 2. p. 40. t. 68.) pods the plants may be ploughed down, as the third year they will run
elliptical, blunt at both ends, with a coriaceous, winged margin, to seed, and yield but small leaves. The leaves are pressed,
very smooth, almost 3-times as long as broad. 3. H. Native and the juice treated as in making indigo, but such is the cheap-
of Hungary and about Astrakan. I. Dalmática, Mill. dict. no. ness of the latter article, that no British farmer can afford to
2. ? Habit of plant very like I. tinctòria, but easily distinguished raise any sort of substitute.
from it by the pods being scarcely narrower at the base, but truly “ The culture of woad, though not general, has been practised
elliptical
in Flanders. It was an object with the French government to
Ēarly-flowering Woad. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1} ft.
Clt. 1820. Pl. 1] ft. spread the cultivation of it, and a considerable quantity of the
8 I. LITTORA'LIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 568.) pods oblong-cuneated, seed was sent gratis into the country for that purpose. Woad
very blunt, truncately-emarginate at the apex, very smooth, thrives best on sandy and gravelly soils, which must be well pul-
narrowed at the base, 3-times as long as broad; cells exserted on verised, manured, and formed into beds as in the case of madder
both sides, and with the furrow distinct from the wing. 8. H. culture. It is sown in March or April in rows, or broad-cast,
Native of Tauria on the sea-shore about Sudak. I. littoralis, a, and harrowed or covered with a rake. All weeds are cleared,
Stev, in litt. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 78. Flowers like those of away and the plants thinned, if a careful culture is followed.
1. tinctòria.
The leaves are the part of the plant used by the indigo manu-
Sea-shore Woad. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. facturer. They should be gathered singly, like those of spinach,
9 I. HEBECA'RPA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 569.) pods oblong-cuneated, as soon as they begin to show signs of maturity, and the mature
very blunt, velvety, somewhat narrower at the base, hardly twice leaves taken off from time to time as they grow. This operation
as long as broad; cells destitute of the lateral furrow.
goes on from June to September in the first year, and from June
Native of Tauria on the sea-shore, about Sudak. Deless. icon. to August in the second; when the plant, being a biennial, shoots
sel. 2. t. 79. I. littoralis, var. B, Stev. in litt.
into flower-stems. The leaves are fermented, and the dye pre-
Blunt-podded Woad. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1627. Pl. 1ft. cipitated from the liquor and dried, &c. in a manner analogous-
10 I. TINCTORIA (Lin. spec. 936.) pods cuneated, acuminated to what is practised in India with indigo, but with great improve-
at the base, somewhat spatulate at the end, very blunt, smooth, ments, made at the instigation of the French government, which
3-times as long as broad ; leaves biauriculate at the base. in 1810 called forth the process described in a French work, and
O. H. Native of south and middle Europe in dry stony translated in the Appendix to Radcliff's Report. At present it
places from Spain and Sicily to the shores of the Baltic sea, also, is to be considered more as matter of curious historical infor-
but probably introduced, in the Canary Islands and Eastern Asia, mation or of local adoption than of general utility ; because
in cultivated land. In England in cultivated fields and about no mode of cultivating or preparing woad could bring it into
their borders, but rare. At New Barnes near Ely, and near competition, either in the European or American market with in-
Durham. Smith, engl. bot. t. 97. Mart. fl. rust. t. 41. Schkuhr. digo." (Loud. enc. agr. p. 81.)
a
3. H.

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXVII. Isatis. LXXVIII. MYAGRUM. LXXIX. SOBOLEWSKIA.
225
8. H.
Dyer's Woad. Fl. May, July. Britain. Pl. 2 to 4 feet. ing rock-work or the front of flower-borders, as they flower very
11 I. CAMPE'STRIS (Stev, in D. C. syst. 2. p. 571.) pods ob- early. They may be either increased by cuttings or seeds, the
long, narrowed at the base, smooth, bluntish at the apex, 4 times former will root freely under a hand-glass. The annual and
as long as broad, a little shorter than the pedicels.
biennial kinds are only cultivated in botanic gardens, but as the
Native of southern Podolia in fields about Balta and near latter flower very early in the season, they are worth introducing
Odessa. Very like I. tinctòria.
into flower-borders. They only require to be sown in the open
Field Woad. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 feet. ground, where they are intended to remain or they may be trans-
12 I. BANNA'TICA (Link. enum. 2. p. 149.) pods cuneated, planted. A dry light soil suits them best, as in wet land they
acuminated at the base, somewhat spatulate and very blunt at are very apt to damp off in the winter.
the apex, smooth, 3 times as long as broad; upper leaves desti-
tute of auricles. O. H. Native of Bannat.
Bannatian Woad. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 14 foot.
LXXVIII. MYA GRUM (from uvia, myia, a fly, and
fly, and aypa, ,
13 I. MÆO'TICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 571.) pods oblong, smooth,
agra, capture. An ancient plant, so named from its properties
narrowed at the base, blunt and emarginate at the top, 4 or 5
of catching flies, which our modern plant does not possess.)
times as long as broad. F.H. Native of marshes about the
Tourn. inst. 211. t. 99. D. C. syst. 2. p. 573. prod. 1. p. 212.
LIN. SYST.
Azof Sea near Taganrog. Very like the preceding, but the pods
Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle compressed,
at the apex in the adult state are emarginate, and before maturity
almost cuneated, with 2 empty hollows at the top, and 1-celled
they are perfectly linear, and almost double the length of those
and 1-seeded at the base. Seed pendulous, oblong. An annual
of I. Bannática. Perhaps I. megacarpa, Ledeb.
smooth erect herb. Lower leaves, oblong, tapering into the
Mæotic Woad. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1828. Pl. i} foot.
stalk, upper ones sessile, sagittate, stem-clasping, with 2 acute
14 I. TAU'RICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 571.) pods oblong, nar-
auricles, all of which are entire or somewhat toothed. Racemes
rowed at the base, bluntish at the apex, smooth, 5 times as long elongated, erect; pedicels short, filiform, erect, after flowering
as broad.
8. H. Native of Tauria on calcareous rocks about becoming obconical and hollow. Flowers small
, pale-yellow.
Bachtschisarai. Isatis e Tauria, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 422.
1 M. PERFOLIA'TUM (Lin. spec. 893.) O.H. Native of mid-
Very near to I. Mæótica, but differing in the pods being emar-
dle and south Europe in cultivated fields and sandy places, par-
ginate at the top in all states.
ticularly in the south of France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany
Taurian Woad. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1] foot.
Transylvania, and in Iberia about Tiflis. Schkuhr. handb. 2. p.
15 I. OBLONGA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 471.) pods elliptical-ob-
210. t. 178. M. littorale, Scop. carn, ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 12. no.
long, narrowed and somewhat acute at each end, smooth, 5
799. t. 35. Rapístrum perfoliàtum, Berg. phyt. 3. t. 167. M.
times as long as broad, with the cells flattened in the centre, and
perfoliàtum var. a, Lam. dict. 1. p. 569. M. amplexicaule,
somewhat 3-nerved. 3. H. Native of Siberia about Irkoutsk.
Moench. meth. 221. Cakile perfoliata, Lher. diss. cak. ined. p. 6.
A smooth herb, very much like I. tinctòria, but smaller in all its
Perfoliate-leaved Myagrum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1648. Pl.
parts. Perhaps I. dasycarpa, Ledeb.
I to foot.
Cult.
Oblong-podded Woad. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 feet.
The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in the
16 I. ORIENTA'LIs (Willd. enum. 2. p. 663.) pods oblong-
open border, but it is hardly worth cultivating except in botanic
linear, pointed with the sessile stigma, scarcely narrowed at the gardens.
base, pubescent, 5 times as long as broad, but scarcely exceed-
ing the length of the pedicel. 0. H. Native of the Levant. LXXIX. SOBOLEWSKIA (in honour of Gregor. Sobolewski,
This species is often confused with I. canescens, 1. Aléppica, a Russian botanist, author of Flora Petropolitana, 1 vol. 8vo.
and I. Lusitánica, but is sufficiently distinct from all.
Petersburgh, 1799.) Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 421. D. C. syst.
Eastern Woad. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 to 17 foot. 2. p. 575. prod. 1. p. 212.
17 I. CANE'SCENS (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 598.) pods elongated, Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle oblong, com-
LINSYST
cuneated, pubescent, narrowed at the base, somewhat spatulate pressed, 1-celled, 1-seeded, valveless, membranous. Seed ob-
at the top and blunt, 4 times as long as broad, twice the length long, pendulous. Cotyledons linear, somewhat curved. A
of the pedicels, which are obconical at the top. F.H. Native
branched erect herb. Stems round, suffrutescent at the base.
of exposed situations on the sea-shore in Provence, and on the Cauline leaves stalked, cordate-kidney-shaped, toothed. Racemes
sea-shore at Fanar, not far from the Bosphorus. Allied to elongated; pedicels bractless, filiform. Flowers white.
I. orientale on the one side, and to I. tinctòria var. y hirsùta on 1 S. LITHOPHILA (Bieb. cent. pl. rar. ross. 2. t. 59. fl. taur.
the other. Leaves with acute auricles.
suppl. p. 421.) S. H. Native of Tauria on rocks at the river
Var, B, Ibérica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 572.) lower leaves grossly Salgir and at the Black sea, also in Iberia. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t.
toothed ; pods much more dilated at the top, and smoother. I. 80. Cochlearia Sibírica, Willd. spec. 3. p. 450. Ráphanus Taú-
Ibérica, Stev. mem. mosc. 5. p. 267. Perhaps a proper species. ricus Adami, Hoffm. hort, mosc. 1808. no. 2658. Crambe macro-
Canescent-podded Woad. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 ft. carpa, Bieb. A. taur. 2. p. 90. Pods, many abortive, 3 lines long
18 I. ALE'PPICA (Scop. del. insubr. 2. p. 31. t. 16.) pods and i line broad. Root creeping:
linear, blunt, narrowed at the base, villous with reversed down, Stone-loving Sobolewskia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1
8 times as long as broad, and 3 times as long as their pedicels.
to foot.
O. H. Native on rocks by the sea-shore in Greece and Asia Cult. This plant is well adapted for rock-work, where the
Minor, also about Aleppo. I. Lusitánica, Lin. spec. 936. ex-
seeds should be sown. Not worth cultivating, except in general
clusive of the synonyms. Lam. ill. t. 554. f. 2. Tratt, arch. 2. p. collections
41. t. 69. I. Ægyptiaca, Lin. spec. 937. but not of Forsk. I.
mìnor, Moench. meth.? 222. Auricles of leaves acute.
Tribe XI.
Var.B, dentàta (D. C. syst. 2. p. 573.) O. H. Native of
Africa near Tripoli. I. dentàta, Pers. ench. 2. p. 193. Leaves ANCHONIE'Æ (plants agreeing with Anchònium in some
grossly toothed, not lyrate as in the species.
characters) or NOTORHIZEÆ (see sub-order II.) LOMEN-
Aleppo Woad. Fl. June, July. Člt. 1739. Pl. 1 foot. TA'CEÆ (from lomentum, a loment; shape of pods.) D. C. syst.
Cult. The hardy perennial kinds answer well for ornamento, 2. p. 576. prod. 1. p. 212. Silique or silicle separating trans-
3
4
VOL. I. PART III.
GS

226
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXX. GOLDBACHIA. LXXXI. ANCHONIUM. LXXXII. STERIGMA. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
spec. 3.
p. 212.
2
versely into 1-seeded joints (f. 47. e.). Cotyledons flat, incum- villages on the Lower Volga ; also in vineyards about Astracan,
(
bent (f. 45. i.). Seed ovate.
more rare in the Kuman desert. Cheiranthus Cáspicus, Lam.
in Pall. itin. ed. gall. 2. p. 348. Cheiránthus tomentòsus, Willd.
LXXX. GOLDBACHIA (in honour of G. L. Goldbach, a
p. 523. Sterigmostèmon, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 444.—
Russian botanist, who has communicated many observations Pall. itin. 2. app. no. 115. t. K. f. 2. ed. gall. app. p. 437. no.
upon cruciferous plants to De Candolle.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 576. 352. t. 103. f. 2. Stems much branched, many, rising from the
prod. 1.
same root. Larger stamens connected beyond the middle.
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Stamens free. Silique
LINSYST
.
Woolly Sterigma. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Pl. I foot.
2-jointed (f. 47. e.). Style almost none. Smooth branched
2 S. SULFU'REUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 580.) lower leaves runci-
annual herbs. Stems round or somewhat angular, leafy. Leaves nately-pinnatifid, upper ones entire. . H. Native of Syria
alternate, oblong, almost entire, lower ones tapering to the base, near Aleppo, and between Aleppo and Mossul. Deless. icon.
upper ones sessile, a little stem-clasping, with two small auricles. sel. 2. t. 83. Cheiranthus sulfureus, Russel in Schrad. journ. 1.
Racemes opposite the leaves, elongated, slender. Pedicels fili- p. 426. Flower like those of S. tomentosum. Stem branched at
form, bractless, erect at the time of flowering, afterwards de- the base.
flexed. Flowers small, from white to lilac.
Sulphur-coloured-flowered Sterigma. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
1 G. LÆVIGA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 577.) pods smooth, pen- 3 S. TORULÒSUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 580.) leaves oblong, radical
dulous, 2-jointed. O. H. Native in the sand about Astracan, ones sinuately-toothed, upper ones entire. . H. Native of
rarer in the Kuman desert. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 81. Rá- Iberia about Tiflis. Cheiránthus torulòsus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p.
phanus lævigàtus, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 129. Lower leaves 121. Sterigmostèmon incànum, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 444.
rosulate. Flowers lilac.
Leaves less woolly than those of the two preceding species, and
Smoothed-podded Goldbachia. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1823. Pl. ft. the pods are shorter, thicker, arched, and more torulose.
2 G. TORULÒSA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 577.) pods somewhat cylin- Torulose-podded Sterigma. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 ft.
Z
drical, transversely torulose, and somewhat ascendant.
O. H.
4 S. ELYCHRYSIFOLIUM (D. C.
Native of the Levant. Very like the preceding species.
syst. 2. p. 581.) leaves all oblong-
FIG. 50.
Torulose-podded Goldbachia. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft.
Ju. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. linear, entire. 24. H. Native of
Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in Armenia, and in Persia in the pro-
the open ground. A light sandy soil suits them best.
vince of Ghilan. Cheiranthus land-
tus, Gmel. from Fisch. in litt. with
LXXXI. ANCHO'NIUM (from ayxorn, anchone, strangula- a drawing. Cheiranthus aureus,
tion; form of silicles.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 578. prod. 1. p.
212. Willd. herb. from Stev. obs. ined.
7
LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Larger stamens joined. This species has the leaves of An-
Silique 2-jointed, 2-celled. (f.47. e.) Style compressed, beak- chònium, with the fruit and flowers
formed. Seeds 4, pendulous, oblong, solitary in the cells. An of Sterágma. Deless. icon. sel. 2.
herb with a hard woody stem. Radical leaves oblong, tapering t. 84. (f. 50.)
to the base, velvety with soft starry down. Floral leaves situated Elychrysum - leaved Sterigma.
under the pedicels, and therefore the racemes are leafy. Flowers Pl. į foot.
purple. The joints of the pods do not separate. Habit of Alyssum. Cult. These plants are well
1 A. BILLARDIE'RII (D. C. syst. 2. p. 578.) 4. h. H. Na- adapted for ornamenting rock-
tive of Syria on mount Lebanon, Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 82. work, but a few plants of each
Caudex woody. Flowers crowded. Sepals linear, villous on should be kept in pots, so that they
the outside. Stigma acute, somewhat 2-lobed.
may be placed in a frame during
La Billardier's Anchonium. Fl. May? Pl. 1 to ] foot. winter, and planted out in the beginning of summer in the border
Cult. This plant will answer well for ornamenting rock-work, or on the rock-work; in fact they require the same treatment as
or to be planted in pots and placed among other alpine plants; other alpine plants. They can only be increased by seeds.
those cultivated by the latter mode should be planted in a mix-
ture of sand loam and peat, and the pots should be well drained SUB-ORDER III. ORTHOPLO'CEÆ (from opos, orthos, up-
with potsherds. Cuttings planted under a hand-glass in the same right, and alokn, ploce, a folding together; cotyledons folded
kind of soil will root freely, but if the plant ripen seeds, this together, f. 45. j. f.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 581. prod. 1. p. 213.
will be unnecessary.
Cotyledons incumbent, folded together or plaited lengthwise
through their middle, and enwrapping the radical in the recess
LXXXII. STERI'GMA (from ornpiyua, sterigma, a fork ; (f. 45. j. f.). Style generally enlarged, with a cell and seed at
because the larger stamens are connected at the base, and forked its base. Seeds generally globose, never margined.
at the top, f. 50. a.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 579. prod. 1. p. 212.
Sterigmostèmon, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 444.
Tribe XII.
LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Larger stamens joined BRASSI'CEÆ (plant agreeing with Brássica in some charac-
to the middle (f. 50. a.). Silique roundish, at length separating ters,) or ORTHOPLO CĚÆ (see Sub-order III.) SILIQUO
into many joints. Erect perennial herbs, clothed with soft starry SÆ (siliqua, a long pod ; pods long.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 581.
wool. Roots hard, suffrutescent. Leaves alternate, oblong, prod. 1. p. 213. Silique with the valves opening lengthwise
tapering to the base, sometimes entire, sometimes sinuated or pin- (f. 47. f. o. g.), and a linear dissepiment. Seeds globose.
Co-
natifid. Racemes elongating as they become old; pedicels fili- tyledons folded together (f. 45.j. f.).
form, bractless. Calyx covered with soft down. Flowers of a
deep yellow. Siliques covered with short dense down, often LXXXIII. BRA’SSICA (from the Celtic word Bresic, which
interspersed with longer stiff glanduliferous hairs.
signifies a cabbage.) Lin. gen. no. 820. exclusive of many
1 S. TOMENTÒSUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 579.) leaves all sinuately- species. D. C. syst. 2. p. 582. prod. 1.
p. 113.
pinnatifid. 8.H. Native of muddy fields towards the Caspian LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique rather terete,
Sea, and about the Irtish. Frequent in rubbish about towns and crowned by a small short blunt style (f. 47. f.). Seeds in one
е
OL
a
p
a

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
227
દ,
a
-
rape, &c. &c.
a
row (f. 47. f.) globose. Calyx closed. Herbs usually biennial, sinuately-repand, a little blistered, pendant.-Chou Palmier
rarely annual or perennial, or suffrutescent usually with a short (Fr.). Palm Borecole (Eng.)
caudex. Radical leaves usually stalked, lyrate or pinnatifid; Var. ε, Cow Cabbage. Stem branched, 12 feet high ; leaves
cauline ones sessile or stem-clasping, entire. Racemes elon- curled.
gated; pedicels bractless, filiform. Flowers yellow, rarely Var. 5, costàta (D. C. syst. 2. p. 584.) stem humble, a little
white, but never purple nor veined. This genus contains the branched ; leaves sinuately-repand, with the primary nerves very
well known pot-herbs and roots, cabbage, cauliflower, turnips, thick.—Lam. dict. 1. p.743. no. 2. var. d. Chou blond à grosses
côtes, Bosc. dict. agr. 4. p. 43.-Chou à grosses côtes, Chou à
larges côtes, Chou de Beauvais. (Fr.)
Sect. I. BRA'SSICA. (D. C. syst. 2. p. 582. prod. 1. p. 213.) nepenthiformis (D. C. 1. c.) nerves and nervules drawn out
Silique sessile, usually terminated by a conical seedless beak, or into filiform threads, terminating in leafy funnel-shaped appen-
destitute of it.
dages.
1 B. OLERA'CEA (Lin. spec. 932.) leaves covered with glau-
cous pollen, somewhat fleshy, repand or lobed, quite smooth, even
in their younger state. . H. Freeman, icon. t. 4, 5.
§ 3. Savoy-Cabbages, and Brussels sprouts.
Potherbs, Borecoles, Cabbages, Cauliflowers, &c. &c.
3 C. BULLA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 584.) stem round, a little
There is scarcely an instance in the vegetable kingdom of a
elongated; young leaves at first conniving into a head, but they
plant that produces varieties so different in appearance and qua-
are at length spreading, and all blistered or curled ; racemes
lities as the B. oleràcea, Comparing the original plant, as it is
panicled.
found on our shores, with very sea-green leaves, no appearance Var. a, vulgàris (D. C. syst. 2. p. 584.) heads of leaves loose,
of a head, and flowering like Wild Mustard or Charlock, with thick, terminal, roundish.-Lob. icon. t. 244. f. 1.-Dalech.
the red cabbage or cauliflower, the difference is astonishing. lugd. p. 520. f. 2.-B. oleracea Sabauda, Lin. spec. p. 932.-
A new arrangement of the cultivated species of Brássica, Lam. dict. 1. p. 743. no. 3. var. K and 1.-
743. no. 3. var. K and 1.–Chou pommé frisé,
has been made by professor De Candolle, Hort. trans. vol. 5.
Chou de Milan, Chou de Savoie, Chou de Hollande, Chou cabu
and in his syst. vol. 2. which we here give without any variation. frisé, Chou Pancalier (Fr.) Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.)
præ cox (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.)—Milan hatif, petit Milan
§. 1. Sea Colewort or Cabbage, or Wild Cabbage.
(Fr.) Small early Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.)
** hùmilis (D. C. 1. c.)—Milan nain (Fr.) Dwarf Savoy-
1 A. sylve'sTRIS (B. oleracea, Huds. ang. 289. Smith, eng.
Cabbage (Eng.)
bot. t. 637.) stem taller than in B. capitàta, more humble and
Turionénsis (D. C. l. c.)—Pancalier de Touraine (Fr.)
more branched than in B. acéphala. Leaves not collected into
Turaine Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.)
a true head. Native of England on cliffs by the sea-side, par-
**** auràta (D. Č. I. c.)—Milan doré (Fr.) Eared Savoy-
ticularly at Dover, on the Welsh and Cornish coasts ; at Staiths, Cabbage (Eng.)
.
Yorkshire, abundantly; and at King's Cove, Devonshire.
Var. B, oblonga (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves ter-
minal, oblong.-Lob. icon. 244. f. 2.-Mor. oxon. sect. 3. t. 1.
f. 4.-Winter Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.)
§ 2. Greens, Kale or Borecoles.
Var. y, màjor (D, C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves ter-
2 B. ACE'PHALA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 583.) stem round, elon- minal, very large.-Lam. dict. 1. p. 743. no. 3. var. 1. Gros
gated ; leaves expanded; racemes panicled. Brassica oleracea d'Ambervilliers, Pomme frisé d'Allemagne (Fr.)—Greator Com-
viridis, Lam. dict. 1. p. 743. no. 2. Choux sans tete, Audib. mon Savoy-Cabbage (Eng.)
and Vilm. mss. Choux verts, cultivated in fields for
for the Var. d, gemmífera (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves
nourishment of cattle. Bosc. dict. agr. 4. p. 42.
p
small, numerous, rising from the axils of the leaves along an
Var, a, ramòsa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 583.) stem branched ; leaves elongated stem. Delech. lugd. 521. f. 2 ?-Mor. oxon. sect. 3.
sinuately-pinnatifid. B. viridis procèrior, Lam. dict. 1. p. 743. t. 1. f. 3?--Chou à jets, Chou à jets et rejets, Chou de Bruxel-
no. 2. var. B. This variety is called Chou cavalier branchu in
les, Chou à mille tetes, Chou vert à petites pommes le long du pied
France, and in England Cavalier Cabbage and Thousand-headed
(Fr.)-Brussels Sprouts (Eng.)
Cabbage.
Var. B, vulgàris (D. C. syst. 2. p. 583.) stem almost simple ;
leaves sinuately-pinnatifid.
§. 4. Cabbages red and white.
* viridis (D. C. 1. c.)-Lob. icon. 243. f. 1.–J. Bauh. hist. 4 D. CAPITATA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) stem round, short;
2. p. 429. f. 2.-Chou Cavalier, Chou en arbre, Chou chèvre, leaves concave, not blistered, crowded into a head before flower-
Grand Chou vert (Fr.) 100-leaved Cabbage (Eng.)
ing ; racemes panicled.–Weinm. phyt. t. 259.—Dod. pempt.
purpurascens (D. C. 1. c.)–J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 831. f. 623. f. 2.-Lob. icon. 243. f. 2.-Mor. oxon. 2. p. 206. sect.
2.-Chabr. sciagr. 270. f. 6.-Mor. oxon. 2. p. 207. no. 7.- 3. t. 1. f. 1.-Lam. dict. 1. p. 743. no. 3.--Choux cabus
Open-headed Red Cabbage (Eng.)
ou pommés, Bosc. dict. agr. 4. p. 42.
42.-- -Chou pommé, Chou
Var. sabéllica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 584.) stem almost simple; pommé à feuilles lisses, Chou en tete (Fr.)—Cabbage (Eng.)
)
.
leaves sinuately-lobed; lobes multifid.-Ren. specim. 134. t. Var. a, depressa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves sphe-
133.-Lob. icon. 247. f. 1.-J. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 832. f. 1.- roid, depressed.-Lam. dict. 1. p. 743. no 3. var. 5,
-Chou
Lam. dict. 1. p. 743. no. 2. var. 7.- Chou vert frisé, Chou pommé à tete aplatie, Audib. mss. (Fr.)- Drumhead or Dutch
frangé du Nord, Chou frisé non pommé, Chou frisé d'Allemagne, Cabbage (Eng.)
(Fr.) Greens, Kale, Curles (Eng.)
)
)
Var. B, sphæ'rica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 585.) heads of leaves
* pinnàta (D. C. 1. c.) B. tenuifòlia laciniàta, Lob. icon. 246. globose, not depressed.Chou cabus commun,
Chou cabus commun, Chou pommé
f. 2. obs. 123. f. 2.-Chou aigrette, Chou plume (Fr.)
commun (Fr.)—Common Cabbage (Eng.)
** purpurascens or versicolor (D. C. l. c.) leaves either pur- * álba (D. C. 1. c.) outer leaves green, inner ones white.
ple or variegated.
Chou pommé blanc, Chou cabus blanc ou vert (Fr.)–Common
Var. O, palmifolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 584.) stem simple ; leaves White Cabbage (Eng.)
-
-
,
-
-
-
.
Y,
-
-
G g 2

228
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
the whole space.
-
*
* * rùbra (D. C. 1. c.) leaves red or purple, always particu- Having thus botanically traced the variations of Brassica ole-
larly so in the nerves.-- Dod. pempt. 621. f. 2.-I. Bauh. hist. ràcea from the Sea-Colewort through Borecoles, Savoys, and
2. p. 831. f. 1.-Lam. dict. 1. p. 743. no. 3, var. 8 and l. Cabbages to the Cauliflower and Brocoli, we shall now proceed
Chou à tete ronde rouge, Audib. mss.—Chou rouge (Fr.)—Red to give the cultivation and uses of these in the order we have
followed above.
Cabbage, Aberdeen Red Cabbage (Eng.)
Var. 7, obovata (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) heads of leaves obo- The space occupied by this tribe in most kitchen gardens may
vate.-Chou à tete obovale, Audib, mss.-Pentonville Cab- be estimated at one-eighth or one-fourth part of the open quar-
bage? (Eng.)
ters, taking the whole year round, and in cottage-gardens the
Var. d, elliptica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) heads of leaves ellip- heading Cabbages and Borecoles generally occupy one-half of
tical.-Chou a tete ovale, Chou d’Yorck (Fr.)—Early York
Cabbage, Small Early Dwarf Cabbage (Eng.)
§ 1. Sea Colewort, or Cabbage, or Wild Cabbage. Brássica
Var. ε, cónica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) heads of leaves ovate-
conical.—Lam. dict. 1. p. 743. no. 3, var. d and €.
oleràcea. A. sylvestris, D. C. l. c.
-Chou pain
-
de sucre, Chou Chicon, Chou d'Ambervilliers, Chou de Batter- We have already said that the original Cabbage plant grows
sea (Fr.)—Sugar-loaf Cabbage, Antwerp Cabbage, and Battersea naturally on the Dover Clifts and several other parts of the
Cabbage (Eng.)
English coast. It is a biennial plant, the stem-leaves are much
waved and variously indented, the colour is glaucous or sea-
§. 5. Chou rave, or Turnip-stemmed Cabbage.
green, with occasionally a tinge of purple, arising from the bleak
5 E. CAU'LO-RA'PA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) stem tumid and
situation in which it usually grows. Early in the spring the
somewhat globose at the origin of the leaves.
Wild Cabbage or Colewort from the sea coast is said to be excel-
Var. a, cómmunis (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) leaves plain.- lent, but it must be boiled in two waters to remove the saltness.
Dod. pempt. 625. f. 1.-Lob. adv. app. 463. f. 2. Bauh. hist. The roots may also be eaten but they are not very tender.
2. p. 830. f. 1.—Chou-rave (Fr.) Cape Cabbage (Eng.)
* álba (D. C. l. c.) Chou-rave blanc, Chou-rave commun, $. 2. The Borecole, Winter Greens (Eng.); Chou vert or
Chou de Siam, Kohl rübi (Fr.) Knol, Kohl (Cape.)
hou vert non pommé, Caulet (Fr.); Kale (Sax.); Green Kale
purpuráscens (D. C. 1. c.) Chou-rave violet (Fr.)
(Scotch.); Brassica oleràcea, B. acephala, Đ. C. This tribe is
Var. B, crispa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) leaves curled and easily known by the leaves never conniving into a head, but
fringed.—Chou-rave crepu (Fr.)-Pavonazza (Ital.)
the heart always open and spreading.
§. 6. Cauliflower and Brocoli.
1 THE THOUSAND-HEADED CABBAGE, Chou à mille tetes, Chou
Cavalier branchu, Chou Moellier (Fr.) (Brassica oleracea, B.
6 F. BO'TRYTIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) peduncles of racemes acephala a ramòsa, D. C. l. c.). grows to the height of 4-feet
corymbose, crowded very much before flowering, and very fleshy; and upwards, sending out from its main stem branches in the
flowers usually abortive.-Lob. obs. 125. f. 2.-Lam. dict. 1. p. manner of a tree, from the ends and sides of which proceed
745. no. 4.
shoots which appear as actually in growth the whole winter.
Var. a, cauliflòra (D. C. syst. 2. p. 586.) stem humble ; leaves The leaves are of a pale green, numerous, entire, or pinnatifid,
oblong, of a greyish-glaucous colour ; heads of flower-buds thick, narrower than those of
any
other
green. It is chiefly extolled
terminal.—Dod. pempt. 625. f. 2.—I. Bauh. hist. 2. p. 828 and as an agricultural plant, but may be occasionally planted in
829. f. 1.-Lam. dict. 1. p. 745. no. 4. var. a, b, 7:—-Cavolo- gardens, because it will survive the severest frost, and be useful
fiore Galliz. bot. agr. p. 191. no. 2,— Chou fleur (Fr.)-Cauli-
other plant of the Cabbage tribe has been destroyed.
flower (Eng.)
In flavour it is inferior to winter greens.
Var. B, asparagożdes (D. C. syst. 2. p. 587.) stem taller 2 Chou Cavalier, Chou en arbre, Chou à chevre, Grand
than in the Cauliflower ; leaves greyish-glaucous, elongated ; chou vert commun (Fr.) (Brassica olerácea, B. acephala, f.
branchlets fleshy, bearing small flower-buds at the top; flowers vulgaris, * viridis, D. C. I. c.) This shoots up higher than the
abortive.-Dalech. lugd. 522. f. 2.-Mor. oxon. 2. p. 208. preceding variety ; its stems remaining nearly single, but they are
no. 11. sect. 3. t. 1. f. 11.-Lam. dict. 1. p. 745. no. 4. var. scarcely distinguishable from each other. This variety is very
d, , and .
, and 6.Cavolo Romano seu Broccoli, Galliz. bot. agr. p. generally cultivated in the western part of Europe as food for
191. no. 2.—Broccoli (Fr.) Brocoli (Eng.)
cattle, and sometimes as a garden vegetable. It grows some-
* communis (D. C. l. c.) heads of flower-buds white. times 5 feet high; this may be attributed to the stripping off the
Broccoli commun, Broccoli blanc (Fr.)—White Brocoli (Eng.) lower leaves to give them to cattle, as well as from being usually
* * violácea (D. C. l. c.) heads of flower-buds purple.- planted in rich soil.
Broccoli violet, Broccoli de Malte (Fr.)-Purple, Red, or Mal- 3 OAK-LEAVED BORECOLE, Chou à feuilles de chêne (Fr.) This
tese Brocoli (Eng.)
comes near to the next variety. The lobes of the leaves are deep,
Cult. The varieties of Brassica oleràcea have been cultivated broad, and entire, or nearly so, and uniformly of a pale-green.
from the earliest period ; they have therefore become numerous, This variety is not generally cultivated. Perhaps the Chou de
and so distinct from each other, as to occasion a doubt in every Milan, p. 231. is a variety of this plant.
beholder's mind whether it were possible that these numerous 4 GREEN BORECOLE, SCOTCH KALE, SIBERIAN BORECOLE
and distinct varieties could have originally sprung from the Sea (Eng.) Chou vert frisé, Chou frangé du Nord, Chou frisé
Colewort or Wild Cabbage of the Dover Cliffs. Cabbages of non pommé (Fr.) (Brassica oleràcea, B. acéphala, var. Y,
some sort, White, in his History of Selbourne, says, must have Sabéllica, D. C. l. c.) There are several sub-varieties under
been known to the Saxons, for they named the month of Febru- this head. The leaves are of a bright light green deeply lobed,
ary Sprout-kale. Being a favourite with the Romans it is
pro-
and not very wide, curled on the edges, slightly wrinkled on
bable Italian cabbage would be introduced at an early period the upper surface, with veins of a greenish-white colour. The
into South Britain. To the inhabitants of the north of Scot- margins of the leaves are plaited so closely as to widen so
land Cabbages were first made known by the soldiers of Crom- as to measure three times as much as if the plaits were not ex-
well, when quartered at Inverness (Edin. encycl. art. hort.) tended. The younger leaves in consequence look completely
when every
-
-
E

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
229
* * * * * *
* * * * * * *
*
fringed. The part used is the crown or centre of the plant, cut has, by blanching Buda-Kale, very much improved it; and the
off with as much of the top of the stem as will keep the leaves process is performed nearly in the same manner as that for Sea
together, which do not exceed 9 inches in length. It boils well Kale. It is blanched by inverting a large flower-pot over it,
and is most tender, sweet, and delicate, provided it has been duly any
any other Kale may be rendered more delicate by this process,
,
exposed to the frost. Morgan says it is impossible to find a and it might be had at a time when Sea-Kale cannot be procured,
plant of more excellence for the table or more easily cultivated. and would be an excellent substitute for it.
The Variegated Borecole (Brassica Oleracea,
The following are sub-varieties of the same.
B. acéphala, var. Y, Sabéllica * * versícolor, D. C. I. c.) Of
* German Kale (Eng.) Chou d'Allemagne (Fr.) (Brassica several of the sub-varieties of Borecole, there are varieties
oleràcea, B. acéphala, var. y, Sabéllica, Germánica.) This va- which are blotched or striped with white or red; these are
riety of the Green Borecole is known in Scotland under the chiefly cultivated for ornament or curiosity.
names of German Greens, German Kale, Curled Kale, and Cur-
The Purple Borecole or Brown Kale of the
lies. Morgan says this Green is of singular merit. Its leaves Germans (Brassica oleracea, B. acéphala, var. y, Sabéllica * *
are more pointed and grow much longer than those of the purpurascens, D. C. l. c.). This variety differs from the others
others; their margins are not so much plaited, but being still in the leaves and entire plant being of a deep purple colour,
considerably so, give them a curled or fringed appearance, becoming somewhat greenish as the leaves enlarge, but the veins
but not so richly and beautifully so as the true Scotch Kale. and ribs still remaining purple. It is a more hardy plant than
The chief difference consists in its furnishing abundance of side the
green
Borecole, but of less delicate flavour. When boiled
shoots or sprouts for the table after the crown has been gathered. the purple colour in a great degree disappears. (Loud. ency.
It grows tall
, and this disposition ought to be encouraged by gard.) Chou rouge frisé (Fr.).
early planting, for the supply of shoots is nearly in proportion to
5 THE PALM KALE Chou Palmier (Fr.) (Brassica Oleràcea,
the length of the stem. It is rather more hardy than the Scotch B. acéphala, var. ε, palmifolia, D. C. 1.c.) This variety is de-
Kale, in taste it is the same, but when not mellowed by frost has' scribed by Delaunay in “ Le bon Jardinier," as rising to the height
something of a bitter flavour (Loud. encycl. gard.)
of 6 or 12 feet, with a straight bare stem, the leaves displaying
* Chou aigrette, Chou plume (Fr.) (Brassica olerácea, B. themselves only at the top, and thus producing the appearance
acéphala, var. y, Sabéllica, * pinnata, D. C. l. c.) The leaves of a little palm-tree; the leaves are much puckered, and so much
of this variety are thin, and very deeply jagged and curled, the rolled inwards at the edges, that they appear narrow, while at the
indentations being so deep as to appear almost pinnated. It is same time they hang in a curved manner, thus aiding the illu-
not much cultivated, and it does not appear to possess any supe-
sion. It is almost peculiar to Italy, and not very hardy. The
rior quality.
Palm Borecole is said to be cultivated to considerable extent in
* The Ragged Jack. (Brassica oleracea, B. acéphala, Jersey and Guernsey in orchards, the outer leaves for feeding
var. y, Sabellica, laciniàta.) This variety grows short on the cattle, and the heart is used for culinary purposes, and is said to
ground, and in the spring shoots up strongly from the crown and be very good.
sides. The leaves are very glaucous, much cut and divided; 6 The Cow CABBAGE (Loud. gard. mag. vol.5. f. 14.) or CE-
the edges are marked with small blunt crenatures, and there SAREAN KALE (Brassica Oleracea, B. acéphala, var. 5, ar-
arise from several points on the upper surface of each leaf, and borescens). This plant is almost similar in habit to the preceding,
particularly on the large ones, small leafy appendages similar in but the stem rises to the height of from 10 to 16 feet, the leaves
texture to the main leaf. This plant is almost entirely confined are not so puckered nor rolled inwards at the edges, nor do they
to cottage and farm gardens.
hang down so much. The stem is naked and simple, crowned
**** The Jerusalem Kale. (Brassica oleràcea, B. acépha- by a head of leaves like a palm-tree. Sixty plants of this
la, var. Y, Sabéllica, Judáica Delaware Cabbage.) This va- variety are said to afford sufficient provender for one cow for a
riety agrees with the preceding in habit and growth. The leaves year, and as the side leaves are only to be used, it lasts four
are long, with several deep indentations on each side ; their years without fresh planting. In La Vendee this plant is said to
edges are serrated but not deeply so, the upper surface having a attain the height of 12 or 16 feet. In Jersey the plant is suffi-
purplish hue, the under surface being a pale green, and the veins ciently hardy, and where it grows from 4 to 12 feet. The little
are purple, inclining to a pink colour. The whole plant when farmers there feed their cows with the leaves, plucking them from
growing appears of a dingy purple, and is extremely hardy; the stem as they grow, leaving the crown at the top. The stems
when the taller winter greens have ceased to be good by running being strong are also used by them for roofing small outhouses.
to flower the shoots of this are ready to take their place at the When the gathering of the leaves is finished, at the end of the
table. This with the preceding and following are perhaps refer- year, the terminating bud or crown is boiled and is said to be
able to B. campéstris, Nàpo-Brassica.
particularly sweet. It is not sufficiently hardy to stand the
***** The Buda Kale, Russian Kale, Prussian Kale, climate of Britain, unless planted in a very sheltered situation.
and by some called Manchester Kale. (Brassica oleràcea, B.
.
7 THE RIBBED CABBAGE or KALE; Chou blond à
acéphala, var. Y, Sabéllica.—Ruthénica.) Like the preceding. cotes, Chou à grosses cotes, Chou à larges cotes (Fr.). Cove
This is dwarf in its habit, but more close and compact; with tronchuda (Port.). (Brassica Oleràcea, B. acéphala, var. 1,
leaves like the German Kale, and curled on the edges in the Costàta, D. C. l.c.) The stem of this variety is humble and a
same way. Before the plant begins to shoot in the spring it ap-
little branched. The leaves are sinuately repand with the nerves
pears purple, the back and edges of the leaves being tinged with very thick. It is much cultivated in France and Portugal.
that colour, which of course are more in view in their growing 8 The NEPENTHES-LIKE BORECOLE or KALE (Brassica Oler-
state than when expanded. It is equal in value to any variety àcea, B. acéphala, var. nepenthiformis, D.C.I.c.). The nerves
of Borecole, sweet and well-flavoured, perfectly hardy, and re- of the leaves of this variety are drawn out like threads, and these
mains till late in the spring before it comes to flower. As this threads are terminated by funnel-shaped appendages. This
variety is expected to furnish a supply much longer than any of variety is only cultivated for curiosity, and it is seldom to be
the others, and until late in the spring, a greater breadth of seen in the collections of this country. Hort. trans. 5. t. 1.
ground should be allowed for it, and a second plantation made in Propagation of Borecole. All the sorts are raised from seeds,
August for the later gathering. A writer in Hort. Trans. Lond. and for a seed-bed of 50 feet square half an ounce is sufficient.
grosses
a

230
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
a
Sow the last fortnight in March, and April, and in the beginning long, conical, or sugar-loaf heads, all of them are excellent
of May and in August. . The first week in April for a principal autumnal greens. The Green Savoy should be first used, as it
crop of German kale, and the first week in August for the is less hardy than the Yellow, and the Dwarf is said to be the
crop of Buda kale, and which will be ready to transplant in hardiest of them all. Any of them will, however, stand ordinary
September.
frosts, by which the delicacy of their flavour is much improved.
Subsequent culture. When the plants have leaves one or two The Savoy is always raised from seed, and for a seed-bed 4 feet
inches broad, take out some from the seed-bed, and prick them and a half by 8 feet, half an ounce of seed will be sufficient.
into other open beds six inches apart, giving water, in which let This esculent answers on a light rich soil, poor or exhausted
them have four or five weeks' growth. Those left in the seed- ground should be manured according to the defects of it. Allot
bed, as well as these will have all acquired proper strength for an open compartment in the full air, that the seedlings and ad-
transplanting finally in May, or thence till August. Plant them vancing plants may grow stocky, and not draw up weak and long-
in an open spot in rows two feet and a half asunder for the first stemmed, as they are liable to do in close situations or narrow
forward planting in summer, the other two feet, allotting the borders under walls. As to the time of sowing the seeds a
whole similar distances in the rows, taking advantage of moist sufficient succession is obtained by three or at most four sowings.
weather, but give occasional watering if the weather is dry until The first about the middle or latter end of February, these will
they have struck root. In their advancing growth hoe once or be ready in August or September, and they will be finely cab-
twice to cut down the weeds, and to draw earth about the bottom baged by October, and continue in good perfection all November,
of their stems to encourage their growth, in the production of December, and perhaps January. The second about the middle
large full heads in proper season in September, October, &c. or latter end of March; these will be ready to serve from about
At the approach of winter the stems should be earthed up, espe- Michaelmas to Christmas. The third both at the beginning and
cially the taller sorts. When the distances between the plants end of March, full crops should now be sown for the first con-
are such as have been recommended, the hills round each plant siderable autumn and winter crop. The fourth in May. For
will be of such a size and breadth as to cherish the roots of the the culture of the Savoy the ground should be previously
dwarf varieties, and serve as a protection to the tall sorts in trenched to a good depth. Four feet is a convenient width for
stormy weather.
the seed-beds. Sow broad-cast, and rake it in a quarter of an
Gathering. The heart is to be gathered of all tall sorts, after inch deep. As soon as the plants have two or three leaves, an
which, with the exception of the German kale, and the Chou de inch or two in width, if they stand too crowded, thin the seed-
Milan, the stalks should be pulled up and taken to the compost beds by drawing out a quantity regularly, and prick them into
heap; but the stems of the two sorts excepted are to be left for other beds 4 inches asunder ; and should the weather be dry,
the sake of their side shoots or sprouts. Of the dwarf sorts the water those left as well as those removed. Permit both divi-
heart
may either be cut off, for which the Buda kale and Cole- sions to remain three, four or five weeks to gain a good stocking
worts are well suited, or the leaves gathered when the plant size for final transplanting. When the plants are advanced with
begins to grow, which
, corresponds with the habits of the Egyp- several leaves 2 or 3 inches broad or more, transplant them
tian and Jerusalem kale.
finally into the most open quarters of ground, where they will
To save. Plant a few plants about twice the distance from be less annoyed by caterpillars, that they may cabbage with
each other, as they stood formerly, in an open space in the spring. large full heads, planting them at different times as ground
The seeds will be ready to gather in autumn, when they may becomes vacant. Remove the most forward in May or June
be threshed out, and the seed, after being dried, may for early autumn heading in August or September. But plant
up into bags. This cannot be done with more than one sort in the principal crops in June or July, and from the beginning to
the same garden, on account of promiscuous impregnation by the middle of August, taking all possible advantage of showery
bees, the wind, &c. &c.
weather ; in drawing the plants observe if any are clubbed or
§ 3. Savoys.
Savoys. Chou pommé frisé, Chou de Savoie, Chou cabu knotty at the root, cut off the protuberances close. Plant those
frisé. Chou Pancalier, Chou de Holland, Chou de Milan, &c. removed in May, June, or July in rows about two feet asunder,
(Brassica oleràcea, C. bullàta, D. C. l. c.) These plants are and by the same distance in the rows, others late planted
easily known by the leaves being blistered, and growing into in August or September two feet by eighteen inches. In scarcity
heads or cabbages.
of vacant ground, some Savoys may be occasionally planted
The savoy is in use as a table vegetable from November till between wide rows of previous standing crops, such as Beans,
spring, unless destroyed by frost, in which case it is succeeded Cauliflowers, and early Cabbage, that are sufficiently forward to
by the borecoles or winter greens. These two tribes usually be gathered off by the time the Savoys will want the entire
supply the table from November till May.
ground. Before and after planting in dry weather watering
The following are the varieties of Savoy :-
would be of essential service. As the plants of the different
1 The Green Savoy; Milan vert. (Fr.) B. oler. bull. viridis.) successions advance, keep them free from weeds by occasional
2 The Dwarf Savoy; Milan nain. (Fr. B. oler. bull. húmilis, draw-hoeing. At the same time loosen the surface of the earth,
D. C. 1.c.)
and draw some about the stems of the plants, let this be done
3 The Yellow Savoy; Milan jaune. (Fr.) (B.oler. bull. lutea.) twice or oftener, to forward them in a free enlarging growth.
4 The Small Early Savoy; Milan hatif, petit Milan. (Fr.) They will gradually heart, fully cabbaging in September, Octo-
B. oler. bull. t. præcox, D. C. l. c.)
ber, November, and December, &c. as they are the crops of the
5 The Eared Savoy; Milan dore. (Fr.) (B. oler. bull. aurita. forward or the later sowings ; they may be cut for use accord-
D. C. l. c.)
ingly, and during the winter. The Savoys left standing will
6 The Drumhead or Great Savoy ; Chou gros d'Ambervil- continue good till the middle or end of February, when, or in
liers, Pommé frisé d'Allemagne. (Fr.) (B. oler. bull. var. Yo the course of March they open and send up seed-stalks.
major, D. C. 1.c.)
* Brussels sprouts. Chou à jets, Chou à jets et rejets, Chou
7 The Oblong Savoy. (B. oler. bull. var. B, oblonga, D. C. l. c.) de Bruxelles, Chou à mille tetes, Chou vert à petites pommes le
8 Tourraine Savoy; Pancalier de Touraine. (Fr.) (B. oler. long du pied. (Fr.) (Brassica oleràcea, C. bullàta d, gemmi-
bull. vulg. Turionensis).
fera, D. C. l. c.)
There are several sub-varieties of the above with round, ob- The Brussels sprouts is only considered a sub-variety of the
be put

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
231
-
66
Savoy. It produces an elongated stem, often four feet high, § 4 Cabbage. Chou pomme, or Cabus, Chou en tete, Chou
beset with numerous green heads like Savoys in miniature, the pommé à feuilles lisses, Brassica Oleràcea, D. capitata, D. C.
whole ranged spirally along the stem, the main leaves of which 1. c. Kopfkohl, (Ger.) Cavolo, Capuccia. (Ital.)
drop off early. The top of the plant resembles that of a Savoy
* WHITE CABBAGE.
planted late in the season; it is small, with a green heart of little The varieties of the White Cabbage are too well known, and
value. Vau Mons says, Hort. trans. vol. 3. “ If this vegetable be their uses too universal, to require any description here. They
compared with any other that occupies as little space, lasts as long, produce firm compact heads, glaucous green, or greenish-yellow
and grows 'as well in situations generally considered unfavour- leaves externally, but blanched within ; and varying in different
able, such as between rows of potatoes, scarlet-runners or among sorts from 3 to 12 or 15 inches in diameter, and from 2 to 15
young trees, it must be considered superior in utility to most or twenty pounds weight. The varieties are numerous, but the
others.” Nicol considers it deserving more general culture in sorts chiefly cultivated are as follow :-
Scotland ; and Morgan, Hort. trans. vol. 2. says it is an excellent
* Heads oblong, or elliptical.
sort of green for the winter, but not sufficiently hardy to last
1. Small early dwarf
through the winter in England. The sprouts are used as winter
Brassica oleràcea, D. Capi-
2. Early dwarf, York
greens, and at Brussels they are sometimes served at table with
3. Large early York
tàta, S. elliptica D. C. 1. c.
a sauce, composed of vinegar, butter, and nutmeg, poured upon
Chou à tete ovale, Chou d'York,
4. Large oblong hollow
them hot after they have been boiled. The top, Van Mons says,
fc. (Fr.)
5. Long-sided hollow
is
very delicate when dressed, and quite different in flavour from
* * Heads conical.
the sprouts. The plants are raised from seed, of which an ounce
may be requisite for a seed-bed 4 feet by 10. The first sowing 1. Early dwarf sugar-loaf
of a full crop should be in April. The second in May. Van
a
2. Large sugar-loaf
Mons, in a paper already referred to, says, “ The seed is sown 3. East Ham
in spring under a frame, so as to bring the plants forward; they 4. West Ham
are then transplanted into an open border with a good aspect. 5. Early Battersea
By thus beginning early, and sowing successively till late in the 6. Late Battersea
Brassica oleràcea, D. Capi-
season," he
says, we contrive to supply ourselves in Belgium 7. Early Imperial
tàta, E. conica, D. C. 1. c.
with this delicious vegetable full ten months in the year, that is, 8. Wellington
from the end of July till the end of May. The plants need not 9. Antwerp
Chou pain de sucre, Chou
be placed at more than 18 inches asunder, as the head never
chicon, Chou d'Ambervilliers,
10. Russian
Chou de Battersea, &c., (Fr.)
spreads wide, and the side leaves soon drop off. In this and 11. Early London hollow
every other respect, the cultivation is the same as the Borecole.” 12. Large hollow sugar-loaf
As to gathering the crop, Morgan says, the sprouts must have 13. Emperor
some frost before they are gathered, but this, Van Mons says, 14. Early heart-shaped
is an erroneous opinion. In Belgium the small cabbages are not 15. Paington
esteemed if of more than half an inch in diameter. It is usual 16. Plaw's early Deptford
to cut the tops off ten or fifteen days before gathering the sprouts
from the stem. In spring, when the sprouts are disposed to run
This last variety is excellent, both for early and late crops.
to flower, their growth is checked, by taking up the plants and
*** Heads large round.
laying them in the ground in a shaded spot. As to the saving 1. Large round winter white
Brassica oleracea, D. Capi-
of seeds, Van Mons says it is usual to save indiscriminately
2. Great round Scotch, or
tàta, B. sphærica álba.
from topped or untopped plants, but that he intends to save White Strasbourgh, from which
Chou cabus commun, Chou
them from the topped plants only, hoping thereby to improve
,
the German sour krout is chiefly
pommé commun, 8.c. (Fr.)
the
progeny. In order to procure genuine seed of the Brussels made.
sprouts, it is necessary to have them sent direct from Brussels.
**** Heads with flat tops.
** Chou de Milan is considered as a variety of the Brussels
Brassica oleràcea, D. Capi-
1. Great drum-head flat-
sprouts, and it grows with an elongated stem something like it
tàta, a depressa.
as well as in general habit, except that the side shoots, instead of topped
Chou
pomme
à tete aplatie.
forming little close cabbages, are open like Borecoles. The prin- 2. Bainbrige's flat Dutch
Audib.
cipal leaves of this plant are not very large; they are wrinkled
***** Heads obovate.
like the Savoy, and form a small crown on the top of the plant,
which remains open and does not cabbage, the top may be cut
1. Obovate headed Cabbage, or
off and used in February. Even if not wanted for use, the head
Pentonville. This is a large obo- Brassica oleracea, D. Capi-
should be taken off at that period to forward the growth of the
vate-headed kind; leaves white tàta, y obovàta D. C. 1. c.
Chou à tete obovale Audib.
sprouts, which come into full use early in March, when those of and fleshy, wrinkled like the
the German kale are too far advanced. When dressed they are
savoy. Very delicate and fine,
It appears from the descrip-
particularly rich and delicate. Abercrombie says this plant, to
in perfection during the latter tion that the Pentonville Cab-
admit of its full growth, requires a yard square, but that it con-
summer months, when other cab-bage is a variety of Savoy.
tinues the longest in spring of any of the tall greens without
bages are of strong flavour.
running to seed. The cultivation, in every other respect, is the The first seven or eight sorts are suitable for the earliest and
same as the Borecoles or Brussels sprouts.
secondary crops ; and the middle-sized and large kinds for the
,
To save seed. The grand object is to place the plants where principal summer, autumn, and winter supplies.
1. For the
they will be in no danger of being impregnated with the farina earliest crops allot some of the small kinds, such as the Early
of any other of the Brassica tribe. A few good plants should dwarf York, East and West Ham, Early Imperial, Early Bat-
be selected and planted in an open spot by themselves in the tersea, Wellington, Early London hollow, Early dwarf sugar-loaf,
spring, where the seeds will ripen in August. No more than Plaw's early Deptford, &c., for cabbaging in April, May, and
one sort can be safely grown in the same garden, &c.
June. 2. Raise more considerable quantities of the middle-sized
1
SA
Sid

232
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
a
tant.
sorts ; particularly Large early York, Large hollow sugar-loaf, or hot, or sometimes shade with mats in hot sunny days, till the
Early Battersea, Plaw s early Deptford, Penton, Early Imperial, plants come up fully; after which continue necessary moderate
Antwerp, Russian, Emperor, Wellington, Large oblong hollow, watering, if a dry season, to forward and strengthen the crop.
.
&c., for general summer crops. 3. Choose the larger later sorts, When the plants have two or three leaves, an inch or two broad,
for succession, summer, and general autumn cabbages. The in September, or the beginning of October, lift some consider-
Large hollow sugar-loaf, Large oblong hollow, Long-sided hol- able portion from the seed-beds, and prick into beds of good
low, Large round winter (white), Late Battersea, Large sugar- earth, about 4 inches apart, giving water. All these are to
loaf, &c.,
are excellent for late cabbaging in August, September, remain in the intermediate beds during winter, to gain strength
or October, till Christmas; or any of the middle-sized varieties for transplanting in the spring. Those left in the seed-beds will
may be eligibly sown for latter succession-crops in summer and thus have more room to advance equally for transplanting, the
autumn, to cut in light young growth ; also to cultivate for cab- most forward of the early sorts in the same year, towards the
bage-colewort, either with small hearts, or as open greens for end of October, or in November or December; and the princi-
family and market supply, in autumn, winter, spring, and re- pal in the spring, the last fortnight of February, or in March or
turning summer. 4. Large round winter cabbage, Great round April.
Scotch, Great drum-head, Baimbridge's flat Dutch, and Ame- February, March, or April sown crop. It is requisite to sow
rican kinds, all reaching a very expanded bulk in autumn and in the spring, to raise plants to succeed the August-sown crop,
winter, are not usually so well fitted for family consumption as for use the same year, partly as young summer cabbages, and
the foregoing, being more commonly adopted for field culture, to partly for heading in the autumn and winter. For this purpose
feed cattle in winter.
sow at the close of February or in March, or the beginning of
Propagation. All the kinds are raised from seed annually, of April. A few for early summer use may be sown on a slight
which, according to Abercrombie's seed-estimate, for a seed-bed hot-bed, or on a warm border under glass. Sow the different
to raise the Early York and similar varieties, 4-feet wide, by 20 kinds separately, and treat them in the same manner as recom-
in length, 2 ounces will be required. For a seed-bed to raise the mended for the last sowing. When the plants are of sufficient
Large sugar-loaf, and other luxuriant growers, 4 feet by 36 in size for final transplanting, in May, June, or July, taking advan-
length, 2 ounces.
ounces. But according to Mac-Kintosh, one ounce of tage of moist weather if it occurs, plant them out in rows, from
seed of the early sorts will sow a seed-bed of 40 feet square ; one to two feet asunder for the dwarf and middle-sized kinds,
and for the more luxuriant sorts, 1 ounce will sow a seed-bed of and for the large kinds from two feet and a half to a yard dis-
60 feet square. Sow at four different seasons, covering the seed Give water at planting, if the weather be dry. In their
from an eighth to a quarter of an inch thick ; that is, 1. In subsequent growth draw-hoe them occasionally, to kill weeds,
February, for use in July, August, or September; but if the and to draw earth round the stems.
winter has destroyed many of the plants which were sown the May to July-sown crops. For late young summer and autumn
preceding August, it will be proper to sow some of the seed of cabbages, and winter plants, sow small portions at any time
the earlier sorts as the weather will permit; and if a few be from May to July, principally of the quick-hearting kinds.
forwarded by sowing them in a slight hot-bed, it will be a great Plant them out finally
in summer and autumn, to produce young
advantage. 2. In April
. Prefer for this sowing the Battersea, heads and small cabbage-hearted coleworts in August, Septem-
Antwerp, and Pentonville. 3. May. Sow the Sugar-loaf and ber, October, and thence till midwinter. The large, late, family
any close quick hearting kinds for summer and autumn, colewort, cabbages, which make returns for autumn, winter, and early
and young autumn cabbages. 4. In August, in the first and spring; also the largest kinds usually adopted for field-culture,
second week, this time being most conducive to ultimate success. are to be excluded from this sowing, as they are properly raised
Some sow in the end of July, to have the plants stronger before as part of the principal crops sown in August, and early in
the approach of winter ; but of a crop so forward, many of spring. Abercrombie.
them, and often all, run to seed. For this sowing prefer the Kinds proper for Coleworts. The original variety of cabbage
Dwarf York, East Ham, Early Emperor, and Sugar-loaf, for called colewort, is, or seems to be, lost; and is now succeeded
the first crops; Large York, Large Sugar-loaf, Battersea, Penton, by what are called cabbage-coleworts. These, Abercrombie
Imperial, Antwerp, Russian, &c. for the secondary spring crops. says, are valuable family plants, useful in three stages; as young
Soil and situation. The soil for seedlings should be light, open greens, as greens with closing hearts, and as greens form-
and, excepting for early sowing, not rich. Where market Gar- ing a cabbage growth. Procure seeds of some middle-sized
deners raise great quantities of seedling cabbages, to stand the early kind, quick-hearting, and of close growth, such as the
winter, and to be sold for transplanting in spring, they choose, in early and large York, East Ham, Sugar-loaf, and Wellington.
general, the poorest and stiffest piece of land they have got, Occasionally for larger coleworts, you may adopt some Batter-
more especially in Scotland, where large autumnal sowings of sea, Imperial, Antwerp, and Early London hollow; but avoid
Winter drum-head and round Scotch are annually made, and the larger late kinds, which, in a colewort state, are too spread-
where the stiffness of the soil gives a peculiar firmness of tex- ing and open ; the others are close, stocky, and full of heart,
ture and hardness of constitution to the plants, and prevents
and boil most tender and sweet for the table.
their being thrown out of the soil during the thaws. Trans- Times of sowing Cabbage for Coleworts. To have a good
planted cabbages require a rich soil, rather clayey than sandy, supply of coleworts for autumn, winter, or spring and returning
and, as Mr. Neill and Mr. Nichol observe, it can scarcely be summer, it is proper to make three or four sowings in summer
too much manured, as they are an exhausting crop. Autumnal and autumn ; that is, one sowing towards the middle of June, a
plantations, intended to stand the winter, should have a dry second at the same time in July, and the third in the last week
soil, well dug and manured, and of a favorable aspect. The of the same month. These crops are for transplanting in August,
cabbage tribe, whether in the seed-bed or final plantation, ever September, and October, and will amount to a continued provi-
require an open situation ; for under the drip of trees, or in the sion for autumn, winter, and early spring coleworts, from Sep-
shade, seedlings are drawn up weak, and grown crops are meagre, tember till March or April. At this time the plants of these
worm-eaten, and ill-flavoured.
sowings will start for flowering. To succeed these a consider-
Autumnal sown crop, or those sown in August. Sow each able sowing should be made in the beginning, from the 3d to
sort separately ; give occasional watering if the weather is dry 6th of August. Having been transplanted in autumn, the for-
;

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
233
a
* *
wardest of these plants will be fit for gathering in the course of flowers appear, and abundance of seed is produced. When the
winter, if the weather be mild; but the principal part should be seed has been well ripened, it will keep good for eight or ten
set apart for a continuing spring crop, to increase in growth from years. It has been observed, that seed gathered from the
March till June, without running to seed, as would generally be entire plant produce better plants than those that are gathered
the case if sown before the time just specified. What are not from the sprouts of plants that the heads have been taken off.
used in their colewort state in spring, will advance to cabbaging, § 5. Turnip-stemmed Cabbage. Chou-rave (Fr.) Rabi-
to be cut either with small hearts, or with middling or full heads, kale or Cole or Kohl-rube (Germ.) Egyptian kale. Cape Cab-
in the early part of summer and autumn; and if it be required bage. (Brassica oleràcea, E. caulo-ràpa, D. C. 1. c.)
to have coleworts in a younger state in summer and autumn, you These resemble the Swedish turnip, which has shot into a
may sow at the time of raising the spring-sown crop of cabbages. head. The stalk is very thick, and extends above ten inches
Taking in the
crop. After taking off the head, never neglect above the ground, and this thick stem has the appearance of a
immediately to pull up the stalk, and carry it off, with all the turnip above ground. The principal varieties are the following:
refuse leaves, to the compost heap, in order that the stems may 1. Egyptian Kale, Rabi-kale ( D. C. l. c.) The stalk of this
1.c.
not push out shoots to exhaust the ground needlessly, as well as variety is very thick, and extends about 10 inches above the
to promote neatness and order. Some, who instead of remov- ground; the leaves are narrow without crenatures, but gene-
ing the roots and stems of the main summer crop, leave them in rally have at the lower part a strong undulation on each side ;
the ground, deprived of their injured leaves, and with the inter- they are of a glaucous-green, like those of the Swedish turnip.
vals between the rows stirred, and perhaps manured, allow them It is chiefly grown in cottage-gardens, but this is not the true
to stand till spring. Thus treated they push out in autumn; Turnip Cabbage. This plant is probably a slight sub-variety
and in January or February abound in fine cabbage-sprouts, not of the following
much inferior to young cabbages. Sometimes this practice is 2 White Turnip-stemmed Cabbage (Engl.) Chou-rave-blanc.
applied to the earliest spring or summer sorts, in which case the Chou-rave-commun, Chou de Siam, (Fr.) Knol-kohl (Cape.)
sprout cabbages come into use the following autumn. Cabbage B. oleràcea, E. caulo-ràpa * álba, (D. C. l. c.) Kohl-rube, or
Coleworts are gathered when the leaves are as broad as a man's Kohl-rabi (Germ.) Cabola (Ital.) The stem is thick with a
hand. The largest are drawn up by the root, which is usually round or oval gibbosity in the middle like a turnip, two or three
allowed to remain attached to those taken to public market, as it inches from the ground, from which the leaves proceed ; they
retains the sap, and tends to preserve them succulent a longer are glaucous-green. The heart is open and not cabbaged. The
period than if the root was taken off.
plant has not long been introduced, and has chiefly been culti-
** Red Cabbage. Chou pommé rouge (Fr.) Roth Kopfkohl vated as food for cattle. It is very common in the north of
(Germ.) Cavolo rosso (Ital.) Brassica oleràcea, D. Capitata. Europe, especially in Sweden and Poland, where it is to be found
rubra, D. C. l. c.
in every cottage-garden. The turnip part of the stem pared
This variety is similar in form to the White Cabbage, but of and sliced down, is used in soups like the turnip, and sometimes
a purple or brownish-red colour. The red cabbage is chiefly also served whole, but unless they are used when very young
used for pickling or garnishing ; and the dwarf red variety, they soon become rank.
they soon become rank. The leaves are used like those of greens
Mr. Neill observes, certainly does make one of the most beautiful or coleworts, but as Abercrombie remarks, unless when very
pickles that can be presented at table. Both the dwarf and young, are disagreeable and rank tasted. This appears scarcely to
large sorts are sometimes shredded down in winter salads, like be a variety of the last. Knol-kohl of the Cape and East Indies.
beet-root; and the Germans prepare sour krout from all or any 3 Chou-rave-violet (Fr.) Purple Turnip-stemmed kale. Brás-
of the varieties.
sica oleràcea, E. Caulo-ràpa ** purpurascens, (D. C. I. c.) This
The following are the principal varieties of Red Cabbage : variety is distinguished from the last in having purplish leaves
1 Large red, or Red Dutch, with a large firm round head, and stems. The turnip on the stem is nearly of the same shape,
usually cultivated in market gardens.
and the plant is cultivated
for the same purposes.
2 Dwarf red, with a small round, firm, delicate head, less 4 Chou-rave crepu (Fr.) Puvonazza (Ital.) (Brassica
common than the other, chiefly cultivated in gentlemen's gar- oleràcea, E. caulo-ràpa ß, crispa D. C. l. c.)
This variety
dens.
grows short on the ground, and in the spring shoots up strongly
3 Aberdeen red, with an open leafy head, chiefly found in from the crown and sides, which are curled and fringed on the
cottage gardens in the north of Scotland, and is an ingredient in edges. The bulb on the stem is not so thick as in the two
the national dish, the kale brose.
last varieties. The plant is chiefly cultivated at Naples.
The propagation, sowing, and culture, are in all respects the The propagation, sowing, culture, and saving seed are in all
same as for the winter cabbages, excepting that the heads are respects the same as for the varieties of Borecole, which see.
not used when imperfectly formed, or as coleworts, but the $ 6. Cauliflower and Brocoli. (Brassica oleràcea, F. bo-
plants should in all cases be allowed to stand till they have trýtis, D. C. l. c.) These are distinguished from the other
formed close firm heads. Sow in August, for a crop to stand varieties of Brássica oleracea, by the peduncles and racemes
the winter, and to come in at the close of next summer, and being corymbose, very fleshy, and very much crowded before
thence till the end of autumn. Sow early in spring for returns flowering
in the following winter or spring,
* Cauliflower, Chou-fleur (Fr.) Blumenkohl (Germ.) Ca-
To save seeds of the different kinds of Cabbages, says Mr. volo fiori (Ital.) This is one of the most delicate and curious
Neill, affords employment to many persons in various parts of
of the whole of the Brassica tribe, the flower-buds forming a
England. No plant is more liable to be spoilt by cross-breeds close firm cluster or head, white and delicate, and for the sake
than the cabbage tribe; therefore the kinds must be kept, when of which the plant is cultivated. These heads or flowers being
in flower, at a considerable distance from each other. Bees are boiled, wrapped generally in a clean linen cloth, are served up
extremely apt to carry the pollen of one to the other, and pro- as a most delicate dish. Cauliflower is a particular favourite in
duce confusion in the progeny. Market gardeners, and some
this country.
“ Of all the flowers in the garden,” Dr. Johnson
private individuals, raise seed for their own use.
For this pur-
used to say, “I like the cauliflower." Its culture, however,
pose some of the handsomest cabbages are dug up in autumn,
had been but little attended to till about the close of the 17th
and sunk in the ground to the head ; early next summer the century; since that time it has been greatly improved, insomueh
Hh
VOL. I. PART III.

234
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
a
that Cauliflower may now fairly be claimed as peculiarly an weather sets in, no sort of covering is necessary, nor any other
English product. Till the time of the French Revolution quan- protection than that afforded by a wall having a south aspect;
tities of English cauliflower were regularly sent to Holland and in such a border, and without any covering, young cauliflower-
the Low Countries, and even France depended on us for cauli- plants have uniformly stood well for many successive winters,
flower seed. Even now, English seed is preferred to any other. . and have always proved better and sounder plants for spring
For the early supply of the London market, very great quan- planting than such as have had additional shelter. The seed-
tities of Cauliflower are fostered under hand-glasses during lings protected with glass-frames generally grow too gross in
winter and the first part of spring; and to behold some acres the stems, which become partly blackened, and the plants being
overspread with such glasses, gives a stranger a favourable idea thus unhealthy are not fit for planting out. Late raised seed-
of the richness and luxury of the capital. (Neill.)
lings which spend the winter in the open border, uniformly
The following are the names of the varieties most in culti- become the largest and finest table cauliflowers during the
vation:
summer, though they certainly do not come in quite so early.
1 Early, for the first early crops.
Cauliflower plants, it is probable, are often killed with too much
2 Later or Large, for principal early and main crops.
attention. Seedlings raised in autumn seem to be very tenacious
3 Red Cauliflower, having the stalks or heads of reddish- of life. (Caled. hort. mem. 3. p. 192.)
purple colour, esteemed more hardy than the others, and good A method of producing Cauliflower pretty early and with
for an early crop.
great certainty is this ; the plants are set in small pots in the
Very little difference in quality has been discovered between winter season and kept in any convenient part of the floor of a
these three varieties. Their distinctions are too trifling to merit vinery or other glazed house.
vinery or other glazed house. In the beginning of March they
the attention of practical horticulturists. Like the rest of the are taken out of the pots with the ball of earth attached, and
tribe they are apt to sport into degenerate varieties. “ An planted in the open ground. If they be here protected against
action for damages was brought in Westminster Hall, against severe frosts with bell-glass covers, they come into head in the
a poor but unfortunate gardener for selling cauliflower seed, course of April, if the weather prove favorable. (Neill.) The
which only produced long-leaved cabbages.” This circumstance following method of obtaining a crop of early cauliflower is re-
has been particularly noticed by Linnæus.
commended by an anonymous correspondent in Loudon's Gar-
Propagation and Soil. The Cauliflower is raised from seed, dener's Magazine. From a seed-bed which has been sown two
of which half an ounce is sufficient for a seed-bed four feet and a or three days after rather than before the customary period,
half wide by ten in length, or a bed of 40 square feet. The select a score or two of healthy plants; pot them singly in the
soil for the seed-bed may be light, but for final transplanting it smallest sized garden-pots in rich loamy compost, water and
can hardly be too rich, the Cauliflower, like the vine, being re- plunge them in a cold frame, shading for a short time until they
puted "a rough feeder.” Cleanings of streets, stables, cess-pools, have taken root. Afterwards give them air daily, drawing on
&c. ought therefore to be liberally supplied during the growth
during the growth the lights at night and defending them from severe frost with
of the plants, when very large heads are desired.
mats, water frequently with tepid manured water, and keep clear
Times of sowing. The early and main superior crop, brought from decayed leaves and weeds. Examine the state of the roots
to fruit by the longest nursery attendance; the late summer from time to time, and as they become in the least degree matted,
succession crop, raised by the shortest course, and the Michael- immediately shift in forty-eight sized pots with the before-men-
mas crop, obtained at the least expense, are sown respectively tioned compost, and replace them carefully in the same frame
at three different periods. The principal sowing is made about and attending to them as before. When the roots have nearly
the end of the third week in August, or about the middle of the filled these last pots, shift into thirty-twos, and in due time they
month, to stand over the winter under frames, hand-glasses, or will ultimately require twenty-fours, or if they have grown ra-
half sheltered in warm borders, for the early and main superior pidly even eighteens. After being firmly established in these,
crops next summer. A secondary sowing in February or they may be removed into a vinery, peach, or other forcing-house,
March, for succession and late inferior crops, but in order to there to remain till the end of March or beginning of April,
bring the plants up early and to forward them twelve days or a when they may be turned out into the open air between the
fortnight in their growth, it will be well to sow them in a mo- asparagus-beds or any other warm or sheltered spot. They
derate hot-bed. Make the bed about twenty inches or two feet will require to be put in very deep and protected by hand-glasses,
thick of dung, on which put a frame, then lay four or five or at least by boughs of trees, that they may not suffer from the
inches in depth of rich earth over the bed. Sow the seed on sudden transition of weather or inclement skies. It is hardly
.
the surface, cover it a quarter of an inch thick of like rich necessary to add that the whole success of this method of culture
earth, and then set the glass on. As soon as the plants appear, depends entirely on the plants receiving no check in any stage of
let them have air every day by tilting the glass a consider- their growth, either from want of timely repotting, water, air,
able height, and in mild weather the lights may be taken of sufficient protection from frost; while in the house if not
quite off in the day-time, for if kept too close it would cause supplied with water in pans they are very liable to button, and
them to grow up weak. But where there is not the convenience thereby wholly defeat the end in view.
of a frame, cover the bed at nights and in bad weather with Crop to stand the winter. For the early and general crops
Dutch mats over hoops or long sticks, sprinkle them with water next summer, make considerable sowings from the middle till
occasionally if the weather be dry. Those sown in March re- near the end of August, to stand the winter, some being finally
quire the same treatment as the February sowings. Cauliflower planted out the same year in warm borders in October or No-
for a successional crop may be sown any time in the month of vember under hand-glasses, and the others pricked out into
May on a sheltered border, about the end of this month a second frames and warm borders for planting out finally in the spring
sowing may be made for the last crop of the season, on a free into the open ground to succeed the hand-glass heads or for the
open spot of light earth; these last will come into use the fol-
general summer-crop. Sow in a bed of rich light mellow earth.
lowing autumn or winter.
After sowing give occasional light waterings in dry weather, and
Mr. W. Ball finds that if cauliflower-seed is not sown till the shade in hot sunny days till the plants come up, when these
last week in August, and that if the seedlings are not transplanted have leaves an inch or an inch and half broad in September,
till the middle or near the end of November, before the hard prick them into intermediate beds three or four inches apart,
a
a
a

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
235
a
occurs.
autumn.
22
watering and occasionally shading from the mid-day sun, till to the back of the frames in mild dry days, but keep them on
they have taken root; to remain in such beds till they have when very cold, and in rain, snow, frost, and always at night,
gained strength till October.
and in severe frost cover the glasses and round the frames with
Hand-glass Division. “ Towards the close of October, dry long strawy litter and mats; but in all mild, dry weather
transplant a quantity finally into rich ground, which has been admit the air fully as in managing the hand-glasses. Then in
well dunged, under hand-glasses in rows three feet and a half March or beginning of April, transplant the whole into the open
or four feet asunder, with intervening alleys a foot wide, and garden in rows two feet and a half asunder, and they will come
three feet apart in a row. Set three, four or six plants centrally into full production in July and August.”
under each glass about four inches apart, with the design of re- Half-sheltered Portion. “In want of frames or hand-glasses,
taining only two or three of the best plants in the spring. Give you may in October either prick some plants into a warm south
a moderate watering at planting, and put on the glasses close border close under the fence, three inches apart to be protected
till the plants take root, discoverable in a week or ten days, by in rigorous frosts with mats, dry litter or reed pannels; or you
their shewing a renewed growth ; then raise the glasses on the may prick some into a bed, arched over with hoops, to receive a
warmest side, one or two inches in mild days, to admit free air covering of mats during cold nights or heavy rains, snow or
to the plants. Continue the glasses all winter, but in all tem- frosts in the day-time in winter. Give the full air in all moder-
perate weather tilt up the south side daily two or three inches to ate weather till March or April, then all to be transplanted
give the requisite admission of free air. You may occasionally finally as above.”.
take the glasses off, especially if the plants appear to draw or Secondary sowing or first spring-raised crop.
" For late
get on too fast in growth, as they are sometimes apt to run into succession summer cauliflower to succeed the autumn-raised
small button heads in their nursery state, useless for future early and main summer crops, or if none were raised to stand
culture ; but put on the glasses early towards evening, and the winter. Sow in February or beginning of March in a mo-
always keep them on at night and during cold rain, snow, and derate hot-bed, or where that cannot be had, in a warm border
frosts, shutting them close down in all inclement weather, and under a frame or hand-glass, and when the young plants have
during rigorous frosts it would be advisable to give some pro- leaves an inch broad, prick them into other beds of the same
tection with long dry stable litter round the glasses, or to cover description, three inches apart, to gain strength by three or four
with mats, removing the covering when mild settled weather weeks growth, in order to be planted out into the open garden at
Thus conforming to the vicissitudes of the weather, the end of April or beginning of May, where they will produce
continue the glasses till the close of April or beginning of May, tolerable heads in July or August. Sow also in the open garden
giving larger admissions of free air as the warmer season of during the last fortnight in March and the first in April for a
spring advances, and sometimes in fine mild weather admit a later succession with small heads in August and throughout
moderate warm shower of rain. Meanwhile in March, if all
Plants of the late crop removed as late as May for
or most of the plants under the glasses have stood the winter, fruiting the same year should be planted in a shady border.
be careful to leave only one or two of the strongest under each Second spring-raised crop. “ The next and last sowing is for
glass, transplanting the superabundant into the open garden in a the late autumn and winter crop, commonly called the Michael-
quarter of rich mellow earth, improved with rotten dung dug in mas crop, to be made towards the 24th of May, in a bed of light
a spade deep ; setting the plants two feet and a half asunder, and earth. Prick out the young plants in June to remain in the in-
giving water. In thinning the plants be careful in taking out termediate bed till about the middle of July, then to be trans-
those with black shanks, but do not take the trouble to transplant planted two-feet and a half asunder. Give occasional watering
them, for they will prove abortive. At the same time, to assist till they have taken good root. They will begin to produce heads
those remaining under the glasses, draw a little earth about the in October, but they will be of superior size in November and
stem of each. To these continue the glasses till the period men- December if temperate weather follows.
tioned above to forward them in full growth for the most early Final culture of the three crops. “With respect to the cul-
production; but as they expand in the herb raise each glass ture of the different crops, after being finally transplanted, it is to
upon
three or four inches high, to admit air freely, hoe the ground occasionally in order to cut down weeds, and as
and to give a larger scope of room above, for the free growth of well to loosen the earth and draw some round the stems of the
the plants, or when further advanced you may draw a small plants. When the early crops are nearly advanced to full growth
ledge of earth round the bottom of each glass, both to raise the in May and June, one or two good waterings to the roots will con-
props higher for an additional upward space, and to contain tribute to their producing large heads. In the dry weather of
water when occasionally given in dry weather. Towards the meridian summer water those not in flower twice a-week, and
end of April or the beginning of May, when the plants will in those in flower every second day. As the flower heads shew
a manner have filled the glasses, remove these from the most themselves turn down some of the larger leaves to defend them
forward, but continue the aid of glass as long as practicable, to from sun and rain, and to preserve them white and close in per-
accelerate the plants into early heading in May. Thus the most fection." Abercrombie.
early crop will produce a supply of flower-heads for gatherings Insects and Slugs. “ Cauliflower plants when first planted
in succession in May and June.
out are frequently infested with flies or their larvæ, to attract
Frame Division. “ The other plants of the same sowing which it is not uncommon to sow a little radish-seed on the Cauli-
designed for wintering in frames, may in young growth, at the flower ground a fortnight before transplanting, the flies preferring
end of September or beginning of October, be either pricked the tender leaves of the radish to those of the cauliflower, the
at once into the winter beds, or be at that time removed into a latter are thus suffered to escape.” Loudon.
preparatory bed in the open garden, to have a month's growth Look carefully once a-week or oftener, if mild weather, over
in order to be transplanted into the frame beds in the end of the cauliflower plants, as slugs will destroy many of them, the
October or beginning of November in rows, crosswise, four or best way is to pick them carefully off with the hand. Laying a
three inches apart in the bed, covering the surface with dry little chaff round the plants is said to keep off slugs. In severe
ashes or sharp sand. Give a light watering, and put on the weather mice and rats will be apt to destroy them ; recourse must
lights close till the plants have taken root, then prop up the then be had to poison and traps. The plants should be kept
lights behind two or three inches, or draw them off occasionally clean from dead leaves and weeds.
a
the props
a
H h 2

236
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
a
Storing or Preserving during Winter.
“ Cauliflowers may be it is conjectured that from these two sorts all the subsequent kinds
preserved for a considerable time by various methods. About have arisen, either by accidental or premeditated impregnation.
the end of the month of October pick out all those that have Miller mentions the Roman Neapolitan and Black Brocoli as being
close and well-shaped heads, lift them carefully with a spade, in use in his time, but he says of those the Roman is the best.
dress off most of the leaves above the flower, remove them to an Mr. Neill observes, that no culinary plant is so liable to sport
open-shed, and lay them in by the heels, as it is called, among as Brocoli ; so that new kinds, slightly different, are conti-
rotten tan or dry mould, place them closely together, but not so nually coming into notice or favour, and as speedily sinking into
as to touch each other. In this state, if kept free of damp, they neglect. Maher observes (Hort. trans. 1. p. 116.) that as all
will continue good for some time after those in the open air are plants of the Brassica tribe become less alkalescent and more
exhausted. They may also be carefully taken up, and stored in palatable in proportion as they approach to a pale or white co-
the same way in the borders of any peach-house or vinery, ob- lour, such varieties of Brocoli will undoubtedly be preferable to
serving to shut
up the lights during rain, and also on frosty nights. purple ones if they turn out equally hardy. An able writer on
They may also be protected in deep garden-frames, or they may this subject, H. Ronalds, of Brentford, has given (Hort. trans. 3.)
be taken up in a dry day and carried to an airy shed, and tied in a description of different varieties of Brocoli, with an account of
pairs, and hung up on poles or strong nails with their heads the method of cultivating them ; from this and any new addi-
downwards; or they may be cut over about six inches below the tional information on this subject, in Loudon's encycl. gard., we
flower, and a few of their leaves left to be wrapped round them, shall chiefly compose this article.
and buried about eighteen inches below the surface, in a dry
bank or among sand, in a cellar or out-house.
§. Varieties and their Culture.
“ The most successful method we have practised for preserv- 1 Purple, Cape, or Autumnal Brocoli. This has a close com-
ing Cauliflower in perfection through the winter months is to cut pact head, of a beautiful colour; the leaves are almost entire,
them in dry weather, dress off all their leaves, put them in an erect, concave, lobed at the base, and much waved, short, and
airy place to dry for a day or two, then bury them in casks or regularly surrounding the head; the veins and midrib are stained
boxes amongst bog-mould, composed of vegetable matter, such with purple, which stain is a test of its being true; the head is
as is dry for fuel. This kind is antiseptic and capable of resist- exposed to the view in growing ; in general it is not very large, as
ing putrefaction, particularly when excluded from atmospheric it enlarges the projecting parts of the flower shew a greenish-
air. Cauliflower preserved in this way should be well washed white colour mixed with purple. When boiled the whole head
previously to using, as they become black when buried any length becomes green.
becomes green. If the season is showery, and this variety is
of time; not that such blackness proceeds from any decompo- planted in good ground, it comes as large as Cauliflower.
sition of the heads, but arises from the more subtile particles of Cult. Sown about the middle of May or beginning of June, it
the mould adhering to their surface.” Mackintosh.
will produce in regular succession from August till December, or
A method of preserving Cauliflower is mentioned, Cal. hort. until the frost destroys the heads. When sown in July or Au-
soc. mem. vol. 1. p. 129, and which consists in burying the entire gust, if the winter is mild, it will bring good heads in spring.
plant in a pit about eighteen inches deep, dug along the bottom When sown in the beginning of September and then preserved in
of a wall. On a dry day the plants are taken up and the leaves frames as Cauliflowers, fine heads may be expected in the months
are wrapped round the head or flower, they are then deposited in of June or July. Thus by good management this kind may be
the trench, the heads sloping downwards and the roots extending in use the greater part of the year, but it is not hardy enough to
upwards, so that the roots of one layer cover the tops of another. be depended on in the winter months. The plants grow from
Next the whole are covered closely with earth, sloping it from one foot to a foot and a half, and should be placed about two
the wall and beating it smooth with the back of the spade so that feet apart in every direction.
the rain may run off. In this way they are preserved from No- Maher's mode of treating the Purple Brocoli is as follows.
vember to January.
Three crops are sown annually : the first between the 12th and
To save Seed. “ Mark and leave some prime plants of the 18th of April, a second between the 18th and 24th of May, the
thoroughly nursed early and main crops in May and June, when third between the 19th and 25th of August; these successive
the flower heads are in highest perfection, as those of late pro- crops supply the family from September till the end of May.
duction will not ripen seed effectually. The stools will afford The seeds are sown very thinly on a border of very rich light
ripe seed in September, when be careful to watch the chaffinches, earth. Not a weed is suffered to grow, and when the plants
green-birds, &c. to gather the branches as the seed upon them have from eight to ten leaves, which is in about a month, they
ripens. Lay them elevated from the ground in some sunny, airy are finally transplanted, two feet asunder every way, in a piece of
situation, to dry and harden to full maturity; after which let the sandy loam, which has been well prepared by digging, and en-
seed be beaten or rubbed out, cleaned and sifted from the husky riched by a large proportion of very rotten dung, frequently
parts, spread on a cloth to dry the whole equally, and then put turned over to pick out every sort of grub or insect. The
up for sowing the following year.” Abercrombie.
ground is kept clean by frequent hoeing, and the loose surface is
** Brocoli
, (Eng.) Broccoli (Fr.) Italienesche Kohl (Ger.) drawn round the stems into a heap. The second crop is treated
Cavolo Romano, or Broccoli (Ital.) (Brássica oleràcea, F. bo- exactly as the first, but the weaker plants are left in the seed-
trytis. * * asparagoides, D. C. 1. c.)
bed eight or ten days longer to gain strength. They are then
Brocoli is scarcely distinguishable from Cauliflower. transplanted from the bed into eighteen sized pots filled with rich
stem is usually taller; the leaves are more elongated; the pe- earth, then placing them close to each other in the shade, and duly
duncles are fleshy at the top, bearing small flower-buds, and of a watering the plants till they begin to grow freely. After this the
hardier constitution. The varieties are divided into the White pots are plunged in the open ground two feet distance each way,
,
and Purple Brocoli; there are numerous sub-varieties of each. and about three inches under the common level of the ground,
In Miller's Dictionary, under the article Brassica, the few by this means a basin is formed round each plant, to retain any
Brocolis that were then known are supposed to have proceeded water given to them when necessary until the autumnal rains
from the Cauliflower, which was originally imported from the Isle commence, when the basins are filled up by drawing the earth
of Cyprus about the middle of the 16th century. Miller mentions round each plant, at the same time pressing it firmly down, to
the White and Purple or Maltese Brocoli as coming from Italy, and prevent the wind from shaking them. A few of these sometimes
The

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
237
a
,
shew flowers too soon, and to guard them from early frost, a leaf The plants when about 3 or 4 inches high, must be transplanted
or two is broken down over them. On the approach of settled into beds of light rich earth 3 or 4 inches apart, and defended
frost in December or January, all the pots are taken up and re- from the frosts and cold nights by a mat covering ; they will be
moved to a frame-pit or shed, where they can be sheltered from strong enough to plant out finally at 2 or 3 feet distance by the
the severity of the weather, but they should have plenty of air end of April ; under this treatment they will produce beautiful
when it is mild. By this method a supply is preserved for the heads in November, and continue to do so until Christmas, if the
table in the hardest winters. Brocoli always succeeds best if weather is tolerably mild. This sort, as well as several others,
planted finally from the seed-bed ; if planted oftener the head is is sometimes cut in considerable quantities by the market-gar-
less in size, and runs much sooner after it forms, and even deners previous to an expected frost, and kept in sheds or cellars
general crops should never be pricked out. The seeds of the for the supply of the market.
third crop are sown in a frame or under hand-glasses, and about 7 DWARF BROWN CLOSE-HEADED BROCOLI. This sort, from
the third week in October the plants become strong enough to its colour, is supposed to have sprung from the sulphur-coloured
remove as in the two former crops.
Brocoli, from which, however, it differs in coming in earlier, as
2 GREEN CAPE or AUTUMNAL BROCOLI. This sort differs well as in the shape and colour of the heads; the leaves are also
but little from the preceding except in the colour and in the broader and shorter; they are small, not much waved, dark-
heads, as well as the plant proving in general larger. The leaves green, with white veins; they grow upright, and do not cover
are long and narrow, much like those of Cauliflower; they are the head at all. Most of the heads are green on their first ap-
little waved, and consequently have a smooth appearance. The pearance, but soon change to large handsome brown heads. If
veins and mid-rib are green. The head, which has some resem- this kind be sown about the middle of April, it is in use through-
blance to a Cauliflower, is of a greenish-white colour, and is out March and April. Two feet distance every way
is sufficient
usually somewhat covered by the leaves. These two sorts are
è for the plants when put in.
very sportive, running much into each other, and have a strong 8 Tall LARGE-HEADED PURPLE BROCOLI. This sort grows
tendency to degenerate, yet are quite distinct, and when so are from 2 to 3 feet in height, and produces large purple heads. If
very beautiful. The greatest care should be taken in sowing sown towards the end of March, it will prove a useful kind in
the seeds from plants that are very true. This remark applies March and April following. The plants require to be 3 feet
generally to all sorts.
asunder, in good ground.
3 GRANGE'S EARLY CAULIFLOWER BROCOLI. If this sort is 9 CREAM-COLOURED or PORTSMOUTH BROCOLI. This kind ex-
sown at three different times from the beginning of May until ceeds all the others in size; the heads are of a buff or cream-
the end of June, it will bear heads in succession from Michael- colour, very compact and firm ; the leaves are large and broad,
mas to Christmas, if the weather is not severe. The leaves with white veins; they spread out widely, but the small centre
covering the head defend it from slight attacks of frost, they leaves cover the flower. A head of this kind was sent by Mr.
have long naked foot-stalks, are wider and shorter than those of Oldacre to the Horticultural Society from Spring Grove, Brent-
the Green Cape, and lobed at the base, but not much waved ; ford, that measured 2 feet in circumference, although it was
the veins and mid-rib are whitish-green; the head is large and quite close. If seeds of this sort are sown in April, they will
quite white. The plants should be planted two feet asunder each produce heads in the following February, March, and April. It
,
way. This kind will amply repay the expence of cultivation. bears near the ground. The plants should be 3 feet asunder.
4 GREEN CLOSE-HEADED WINTER BROCOLI. This is a good This kind merits general cultivation.
sort, apparently a seedling from the Green-Cape, which it closely 10 SULPHUR-COLOURED BROCOLI. This is a hardy and valu-
succeeds in coming into use. The plants are dwarf, with spread-able sort; if sown in April it produces in the following April
ing leaves, which are moderately indented, numerous, much and beginning of May, fine, compact, conical, sulphur-coloured
waved, and large ; the veins and mid-rib are white; the flowers heads, some of them slightly dotted with purple. The leaves
grow exposed, nearly resembling that of the Green-Cape in ap- have long footstalks, are much indented, of a bluish-grey-colour.
pearance, and does not attain a great size. The peculiarity of Two feet asunder is sufficient for the plants.
this sort is that it continues to bear during the whole of the winter,
11 SPRING WHITE or CAULIFLOWER BROCOLI.
This sort
if the weather is mild. A single plantation made from seeds grows very robust, with large flat narrow leaves, which have thick
sown in May, Ronalds found to yield heads fit for use through veins; the leaves encompass and compress the head, so as to
the months of November, December, January, and February. render it generally invisible even when fit to cut, which is a
Plant from one foot and a half to two feet distance.
great preservative from the frosty mornings common in the
5 EARLY PURPLE BROCOLI. This is a very excellent kind, of spring months. If the seeds of this kind are sown in March,
a deep purple colour, if the true sort; it is close-headed at first, and finally planted out at 3 feet asunder, these, if in good
afterwards it branches, but it is apt to come green and too ground, will produce very fine heads perfectly white throughout
much branched, especially in rich ground. The plants are from the months of April and May of the following year.
2 to 3 feet, high growing, strong; the leaves are much indented, 12 LATE DWARF CLOSE-HEADED PURPLE BROCOLI. This is
of a purplish-green colour ; they spread out wide, but not long, the latest purple Brocoli, being in perfection throughout April
though the stalks are so ; the head is quite open from the leaves; and the greater part of May. The plants seldom rise above a
small leaves are sometimes intermixed with the head, the plants foot in height; the flower at first shews small and green,
but
produce sprouts or flowers from the axils of the leaves. When soon enlarges, and changes to a close conical purple head; the
this kind is sown in April it begins to produce heads in Novem- leaves are short and small dark-green, with white veins, much
ber, and continues bearing heads and sprouts throughout the sinuated, deeply indented, and forming a regular radius round
winter ; if sown in June, it produces abundance of sprouts in the head, giving the whole plant a singular and beautiful ap-
March and April.
pearance. The seeds of this kind should be sown in April.
6 EARLY WHITE BROCOLI. The heads of this sort are of a Plant finally from one and a half to two feet asunder.
close texture, and of a pure white colour. It grows to about 3 13 Latest GREEN, or SIBERIAN, or Danish Brocoli. This
feet in height, with erect, concave, light-green, and nearly entire is the latest and hardiest of all the Brocolis, for the severest win-
leaves. To obtain fine early heads of this sort, the seed should ters will not destroy it. The leaves are much waved and in-
be sown in February or beginning of March on a slight hot-bed. dented, long, and narrow, with a tinge of purple colour on the

238
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
stems. If this sort is sown towards the end of April, it will pro- produced from them in the succeeding spring, till he tried
duce large compact green heads during the whole of May in trenching or laying them in September, and so low as that the
the succeeding year. Two feet distance is sufficient for the plants. centre of the stem at the top of each plant was level with the
14 SPROUTING BROCOLI. This is a hardy spring sort. If surface of the ground.” The plants are watered, roots are
sown in April it will produce in the following spring. Two feet properly emitted, and the earth drawn round each plant, before
asunder is sufficient for this kind.
snow is apprehended. The consequence of this treatment is,
15 BelVIDERE BROCOLI. The heads of this kind are very that the plants are fresh and vigorous in spring, and produce
handsome and excellent. The plant is not very hardy. Sow in
The plant is not very hardy. Sow in large heads. (Hort. Trans. I. p. 305.) Nicol takes up the
.
April, and plant finally two feet asunder.
most forward crops of Brocoli in the end of October, and lays
General observations on the culture of Brocoli. All the sorts them on their sides, so as the heads may not touch each other.
are raised from seed, and half an ounce is sufficient to sow a bed In a dry soil, and open situation, the plants will thus resist the
of 40 feet square. Ronalds directs the seed-beds to be prepared severest winter.
of rich mould well dug, and if dry watered the evening before Gathering Brocoli. In gathering Brocoli, five or six inches
sowing. The seeds should be thinly sown, and the beds should of the stem are retained along with the heads; and in dressing,
be covered with mats or litter till the plants appear; the cover- the stalks are peeled before boiling. Some of the kinds pro-
ing may then be removed, and then watered occasionally as the duce sprouts from the sides of the stems, with small heads;
state of the weather requires: the best method is to transplant these should be gathered when ready, and are very good when
when the plants are about 2 or 3 inches high into other beds boiled.
about 4 inches apart. Being several times refreshed with water, To save seed. The largest, finest, and best formed heads are
if the weather is dry, they will in a fortnight or three weeks be selected for this purpose, taking particular care that no foliage
sufficiently strong for a second planting. This mode offers some appears on the surface of the heads. These are marked, and
advantage in giving time to clear off many crops, such as peas, in April are laid in by the heels, in a compound of cleaning of
&c. thereby obtaining ground which could not otherwise be con- ditches, tree-leaves, and dung. When the head begins to open,
veniently had at the first season of planting out. The four first or expand, the centre is cut out, leaving only four or five of the
sorts on the list, which Mr. Ronalds considers as congeners, outside shoots to come to seed. Lifting prevents them from
should be only once transplanted, as the check their removal producing proud-seed, as it is called, or degenerating. The
occasions is apt to produce the head prematurely, which in that above method produces seed the most genuine of all the me-
case will be small, and indifferent in quality. If the season is thods that have been tried. The Sulphur Brocoli is the most
showery, it will be requisite to cover the beds as soon as sown difficult to procure seed from. (Nicol. in Cal. Hort. Mem. 2.
with netting, to keep off the birds, also to sprinkle the plants p. 267). Abercrombie says that Brocoli seeds degenerate in
with lime-water when they appear, or to strew on them fresh this country, and that the best seed is obtained from Italy.
slaked lime to destroy the slugs. In this case, when the plants
are six or eight inches high, they may be planted finally at the
Insects which the Brássica tribe are liable to be attacked by.
distances recommended for each sort. Brocoli in general suc-
The whole of this tribe are liable to the attacks of the larvæ
ceeds best in fresh loamy soil, where it is supposed they come of the Tipula oleracea, Lin. on their roots, and of the cater-
more true to their kind and hardier, but if this situation cannot pillars of butterflies and moths on their leaves, as well as aphi-
be had, deep digging with plenty of manure, or where the ground des, or cabbage-lice, snails, and slugs. There is no remedy for
is exhausted with reiterated cropping, a good quantity of fresh the first, excepting that of taking up, cleaning, and transplant-
loam obtained from a common, dug in, would materially improve ing in fresh soil, in a different part of the garden ; and it is in
the Brocoli, and be a lasting use to future crops, are the only re- general easier to plant afresh from the seed-bed. With
maining alternatives to procure good crops. Deep digging also to caterpillars, .snails, and slugs, they can only be gathered by
buries the insect which causes all the Brassica tribe to club at hand, and the way to do this effectually is to begin, as soon as
the roots. Soap ashes dug into the ground is supposed to be a they appear, to look them over daily, early in the morning.
good preservative from the club, and if the roots of the plants, Poultry, and especially ducks and sea-gulls, are sometimes of
just previously to planting, are dipped and stirred well about in use in keeping these and other insects under ; a hen and chick-
mud of soap ashes with water, its adherence will in a great mea- ens will devour caterpillars greedily, but are apt to scratch the
sure preserve them from attack; perhaps a mixture of stronger
.
soil afterwards if not timely removed ; Turkey-fowls are better.
ingredients, such as soot, sulphur-vivum, tobacco, &c. would be Nature has furnished a remarkable quantity of eggs in the bodies
still better (Hort. trans. vol. 3.).
of caterpillars or pupæ, which are there hatched; the larvæ have
Mr. Wood, a writer in the Cal. Hort. Mem., has paid consi- no feet; they are soft and cylindrical, and feed on the substance
derable attention to the cultivation of Brocoli for forty years. of the caterpillar, which never turns to a perfect insect; while
He finds that manuring with a compound of sea-weed and horse- the larvæ of the ichneumon spin themselves a silky web, and
dung produced the finest and largest heads he had seen during change into a pupa incompleta, and in a few days the fly ap-
a practice of fifty-four years.
pears. (Entymologist's Companion, p. 68.)
Preserving Brocoli during Winter. Ronalds says, that though
Brocolis come larger and finer on the spot where they are
Field Culture of the Varieties of Brassica oleràcea.
planted, yet it is prudent to take up a part of the later sorts in The Cabbage tribe, for the common purposes of farming, will
November, disturbing the roots as little as possible, and lay afford little profit ; but near large towns or sea-ports they will an-
them in slopingly, with their heads towards the north, only a swer the purpose of the farm-gardener. The varieties commonly
few inches above the ground, and about eighteen inches asun- cultivated in fields are the large field-cabbages, called Scotch,
der. By this means the crown of the plant, lying low, is soon or Strasburgh, and the drum-head, &c. For the purposes of do-
covered and protected by the snow which generally falls pre- mestic economy all the varieties may be cultivated, —Cabbages,
vious to long and severe frosts. The plant is also rendered Borecoles, Savoys, Brussels-sprouts, Brocolis, and Kohl-rübe;
tougher in fibre, and hardier, by the check received in this last for the time and manner of cultivating see Garden Culture.
removal. Mr. A. Knight having practised laying in his Brocoli Any soil that is rich will suit all varieties. The best mode of
plants in November, in the usual way, found but small heads preparing for field-culture is that for Potatoes or Turnips, the
a
With respect
1

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
239
a
not occur.
plants being dibbled in along the centre of a ridgelet. For August, and September use. If the winter has destroyed many
early crops no ridgelets are required, as the plants are inserted of the plants of the August sowing, some of the earlier sorts
in rows by a line at much narrower distances. The season for may be sown on a gentle hot-bed. Sow some Red Cabbages
planting a full crop of field-cabbages is in March; but cab- for next winter's supply. Cabbages and Savoys for seed may
bages may be planted as late as June, and produce a tolerable be planted if not done before. Savoy seed may now be sown
crop in November; and in this way they may be made to succeed for the first crop, about the middle or latter end of the month,
an unsuccessful crop of turnips. The plants used in March for September, October, November, and December use. Stir
should be the produce of seed sown in the preceding August ; the mould, and earth-up the Cabbages that were planted in Octo-
but those planted in May or June may be the produce of Febru- ber; this will invigorate the plants, and promote their growth.
ary or March sowings.
Cauliflower plants in frames, and under hand-glasses, should
The after-culture consists in horse and hand-hoeing, and have plenty of air every mild day, by entirely removing the
weeding; and the crop is taken by chopping off the heads with glasses. About the end of the month some of the strongest
the spade, leaving an inch or two of stalk to each. They may plants should be finally transplanted, in a rich sheltered spot of
be preserved by housing, but only for a short time. The pro-. ground, about a yard distant each way: these should be shel-
duce is said to be from 35 to 40 tons per acre. Sir Humphrey tered occasionally if required. Thin the Cauliflower plants un-
Davey found 1000 parts of cabbage gave 73 of nutritive matter, der hand-glasses, if there be more than four under each glass :
of which 41 are mucilage, 24 saccharine, and 8 gluten.
observe to draw the weakest, raise some earth round the stems
The application of field-cabbage is generally for feeding milch of those that remain at the same time. The plants that have
cows, and sometimes to the fattening of oxen, and for sheep in been drawn out should be planted in a sheltered situation, allow-
the lamb-season,
ing them sufficient room to come to perfection. Sow Cauliflower
The diseases of the varieties of Brássica oleràcea are the seeds about the end of this month, to raise plants to succeed the
same as those of the Turnip, with the exception of the forked early crop; if sown on a slight hot-bed they will be a fortnight
excrescences, and they neither admit of prevention or cure by earlier, giving plenty of air in mild weather.
art; but like the turnip, under favorable circumstances they do 3 March. Plant finally the Cauliflower plants which have
been in frames or warm borders during winter, if not done in
the former month, in a good spot of ground, well manured, and
Calendar of the work necessary to be done to the varieties of dug in rows about thirty inches apart, allowing the same space
Brassica oleracea.
between the rows. Raise earth round the stems of the Cauli-
1 January. Lay out ground for planting Cabbages, if the flowers under hand-glasses, the glasses to be removed in fine
weather is mild, digging in some rotten dung a spade deep, pro- weather. Prick out those plants raised from seed sown the pre-
perly mixed with the earth in the bottom of the trench. About ceding month, into a bed of good earth, in a warm situation : a
the end of the month plant about three feet asunder, if large hot-bed is preferable, as it will forward them greatly. Sow
growing sorts. The Sugar-loaf and Early York Cabbage, are Cauliflower seeds early in this month, if it was not done in Fe-
the best for this planting. Fill up the places of the plants that bruary, in a moderate hot-bed, or in a bed of good earth, in a
have died in the former plantations. On the same ground where warm situation, for August use. Sow Brocoli about the middle
Cabbages are planted, a thin crop of round-leaved Spinach may or towards the end of the month, in a warm open situation. If
be sown, broad-cast, which will be fit to gather in April, or the sown earlier Brocolis are apt to start, or button. Transplant
beginning of May. Transplant Cabbages and Savoys for seed finally all sorts of Cabbages. Sow seeds of Cabbages in the
in the beginning of the month, if it has been neglected in No- beginning or middle of this month ; the early kinds for succes-
vember or December. Examine the frames in which young sional and young summer Cabbages, the late kinds for autumn
Cauliflower plants have stood the winter, and let the withered or and winter Cabbages. Red Cabbage should now be sown for
damaged leaves be picked off, and stir the surface of the ground winter use. These will be well cabbaged about Michaelmas.
a little, if it can conveniently be done. In mild weather let the Sow Savoy seed for a principal crop, to serve from about Mi-
plants have plenty of free air, by tilting the glasses, or taking chaelmas to Christmas. Sow Brussels sprouts any time this
them entirely off, keeping them close down during night, and in
month.
frosty weather. If the weather is very severe, cover the glasses 4 April. Draw earth round the stems of those Cauliflower
every night, and in the day-time if necessary, with mats, straw, plants under hand-glasses ; let them be fully exposed in mild
or ferns; also lay some litter round the edges of the frames or weather, and when there are warm showers. Finish the planting
hand-glasses, which will prevent the frost from penetrating at out of Cauliflower plants in frames, warm borders, &c. if not
the sides.
Look carefully over the Cauliflower plants, and done last month. Prick out those plants raised from seed sown
pick the slugs, &c. off with the hand. In severe weather mice last month. Cauliflower plants which were raised from seed
and rats will be apt to destroy many of the plants ; recourse early this spring should be finally planted about the end of the
must then be had to traps.
month in a piece of good open ground, well dunged, and dug
Cape Brocoli managed exactly according to the directions about two feet asunder, water them as soon as they are planted.
given for Cauliflower plants. The crops of Brocoli may now Sow Cauliflower seed for a successional crop on a sheltered bor-
be still further protected from the frosts by laying some bean- der, and guard the seed well against birds at this season. The
haulm and other litter on the ground amongst their stems, and Cauliflower plants which were kept in pots during winter may now
then stick the ground full of pea-stakes and other branches, in be finally planted out if the weather is fine. Make holes suffi-
imitation of natural coppice. The shade afforded by this pro- ciently large to admit a spade full of rotten dung, and upon this
cess will greatly counteract the effects of sunshine succeeding set the plants, one in each hole. They should be carefully turned
severe frosts, which at this time, and in February, are so hurtful out of the pots with balls ; settle the mould about them by gentle
to all culinary vegetables.
watering, these will require to be sheltered during inclement
2 February. Early Sugar-loaf Cabbage, and other Cabbages, weather until the month of May. The Cape Brocoli sown in
should be transplanted finally, the strongest in the beginning, autumn, and wintered with the Cauliflowers, may now be finally
and the weakest in the latter end of the month. Sow Cabbage planted, and treated in the same manner as Cauliflowers; they
seeds about the middle or latter end of the month, for July, should be protected by a few branches until the weather is set-

240
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
a
use.
a
a
trees.
a
tled. Sow a moderate quantity of Early Purple Brocoli, Ports- tions, water if the weather is dry. Sow Brocoli for early spring
mouth, Sulphur-coloured, Cauliflower-Brocoli, Late Dwarf Pur- Prick out those Brocolis sown in April or May, and if
ple Brocoli, and Siberian or Danish, in a rich sheltered border, the weather is dry give occasional watering. Plant out finally
covering them with mats if the weather is frosty, give plenty of sorts of Brocoli as the ground becomes vacant, or between the
water if the weather is mild and dry, and when the plants are rows of crops, which will be soon cleared off the ground. Plant
two or three inches high prick them out two or three inches a considerable quantity, as they will be of great use in winter.
apart. Sow and plant all sorts of Cabbages, and earth up
and Plant crops of Brussels Sprouts and Savoys; the directions given
clear from the crops already planted. Prefer for this sowing the for Brocoli are applicable to these ; if ground be scarce, plant
Battersea, Pentonville, Imperial, and Antwerp. Sow full crops them between rows of crops that will be soon cleared off the
of Savoys both at the beginning and end of this month, as well ground.
as Brussels Sprouts. Sow sorts of Borecole and Chou Raves in 7 July. Plant out the Cauliflowers, which were sown in
borders of middling ground. The Woburn Kale is propagated May and pricked out in June, in an exposed situation in a rich
by cuttings, these may be planted finally at once.
soil, about 18 or 20 inches apart each way, regularly watering
5 May. Sow Cauliflower about the end of this month for them if the weather is dry; these will be ready for storing in
the last crop of the season for the winter supply, give plenty of October. Plant full crops of Cabbages for autumn and winter
water if the weather is dry, and occasional shading. Plant Cau- use ; let the ground be well dug, and moderately dunged, water
liflower finally in a north or shaded border, the coldest and if the weather is dry ; let the plants be about 2 feet asunder.
dampest situation in the garden is the best for this planting. Plant finally different sorts of Borecole. Let every piece of
Hoe and earth up the former planted crops. Pay proper atten-
Pay proper atten- vacant ground which is not intended for
any
other
crop be plant-
tion to those under hand-glasses as regards air and water. If ed with Borecoles, Brussels-sprouts, Savoys, and Brocolis. Situa-
any are coming to flower on any of the crops, break a leaf or two tions which are least exposed to the action of the sun are best,
down upon them. Sow a full crop of Brocolis, and water if the or high dry situations, avoiding situations under the shade of
weather is dry. Prefer the kinds recommended last month, to
Hoe and earth up the crops planted last month. Sow
which may be added, Grange's Early Cauliflower Brocoli, Pur- Brocoli seed for a late spring crop, and last sowing of the sea-
ple Cape, and Green Cape. Plant finally those Brocoli plants son; not later than the fifteenth of the month, in a bed of rich
which are fit, at two feet asunder, dung the ground well
, and mellow earth, and if the weather is dry a moderate watering
water freely if the weather is dry. Avoid ground that has been should be given. Plant finally a full crop of Brocoli in a rich
under the same crop the preceding year. Cape Brocoli is said
preceding year. Cape Brocoli is said well-dug and manured piece of ground at about 2 feet asunder,
to succeed best planted finally from the seed-bed, or the seeds give water for two or three days regularly after planting. Slugs
are sown where the plants are intended to remain, for this pur- are now very common, therefore they should be carefully picked
pose sow two or three seeds at two feet distance, and when the off every morning from all the Brássica tribe. Sow full crops
plants are grown up two or three inches remove all but the of Coleworts for autumn and winter use, and also for plants to
strongest; and the same mode is recommended to all spring stand until the spring, when the Savoys and other greens have
sown Brocolis, Cauliflowers, Lettuces, and many other vegetables. been consumed. Sow Yorkshire or Sugar-loaf Cabbage seed,
Transplant spring sown Cabbages of all sorts for autumn and Battersea and Antwerp kinds for Coleworts. If Coleworts are
winter use, in an open situation ; some may be planted between wanted for winter, sow in the last week in June ; this will pro-
rows of Early Cauliflowers and wide rows of French Beans. duce plants fit for use in November and December.
Plant in moist weather if possible, give-each a little water imme- 8 August. Sow Cauliflower seed for early crops next year,
diately after planted. Earth up the early and general crops of either in the middle of the second week or the middle of the
Cabbages. As the early crops will now be advancing to matu- third week, in a border of light earth, and give water if the
rity, they may be forwarded into cabbaging by tying the leaves weather require it. Sow sorts of Cabbages for next year's use,
together with strings or matting, the best time for doing this is about the fifth, but not later than the twelfth of August; prefer
when the leaves begin to turn inwards. Sow Sugar-loaf Cab- for this sowing the Early Dwarf York, East Ham, Early Em-
bage seed and any other quick hearting kinds, for summer and peror, and Sugar-loaf for first crops; the Large York, Large
autumn, and young autumn Cabbages. Sow Brocoli of sorts for Sugar-loaf, Battersea, Penton, Imperial, Antwerp, Russian, &c.
next autumn, winter, and spring use, if not done in March or for secondary spring crops.
If a succession of Coleworts are
April, which is the best time; and as soon as they have attained required still plant as directed. Plant out Savoys for autumn
a moderate size prick out into beds four inches apart, that they and winter use in ground well dug up and manured, or on ground
may attain a proper size for final planting. Sow Brussels where early potatoes or such crops as have not much exhausted
Sprouts and Savoys, and prick out the plants of the former the ground have been. Savoys and all sorts of greens may with
sowing.
propriety be sown between rows of beans, peas, and such crops.
6 June. Prick out the Cauliflowers sown in May for an At the beginning of the month prepare a piece of ground for
autumnal
crop
in a bed of rich earth in an open situation, water, Brocoli in an open spot; let it be well dug and dunged.
and shelter them occasionally in the middle of the day if hot. Plant in rows three feet apart each way; give water immediately
Look over the plantation of early Cauliflowers, and if the heads on planting. Those Brocolis transplanted last month should
are appearing, break down some of the large leaves over them, now have the earth drawn up round their stalks, at the same
which will blanch them, and render them more delicate. Those time giving them a liberal watering.
Cauliflowers coming into flower or advancing in growth, should 9 September. Prick out those Cauliflowers sown last month
have plenty of water in dry weather. This is a proper time to into a nursing-bed; for this purpose prepare a bed of light
select Cauliflower plants, from which the seed is to be obtained, rich mould about the size of a frame, in order that a frame may
and allow these to stand. Sow Cabbages for a successional crop,
be set over them as the weather becomes inclement, plant about
hoe and earth up the advancing crops, as they may occasionally three inches apart in rows each way, gently watering them,
require. To prevent aphides and worms from destroying Cab- shading them from the sun, and sheltering them from heavy
bages, give plenty of water at the roots if the weather is dry. rains, for this purpose the lights should be put on.
The plants
Sow some Coleworts about the middle or end of the month. having remained five or six weeks in this bed they will be ready
Plant full crops of Brocoli in well dunged and dry open situa- to transplant. Hoe and earth up the Michaelmas crop, or those
a
a

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
241
a
a
#
a
sown in July, they will begin to shew their heads about the latter 12 December. Treat Cauliflowers as directed last month ;
end of the month. If the weather is dry, make a hollow or keeping free from frost, damp, and slugs, admitting free air in
basin round the roots of these plants, into which pour a quantity good weather.
of water; by this means their growth will be accelerated, and
the heads will become much larger. Plant those Cabbage-Cole- 2 B. CAMPE'STRIS (Lin. spec. 931.) leaves rather fleshy,
worts which were sown about the end of July, about the middle covered with glaucous bloom; first ones rather hispid or
or end of this month, in a sheltered part of the garden : plant in ciliated, lyrate, toothed; the rest cordate, stem-clasping, acumi-
rows about seven or eight inches apart, the rows about a foot nated, partly pinnatifid. 8. H. Native of Britain, Lapland,
distant. Some of these will be fit for use about Christmas. Spain, Transylvania, and in the Crimea in fields.
Prick out those Cabbage plants which were sown about the * A. oleífera (D. C. syst. 2. p. 588.) root fusiform, slen-
*
middle or latter end of August in nursery-beds in a piece of der; stem elongated. O. H. Smith,
der; stem elongated. O. H. Smith, eng. bot. 2224. Dalech.
good ground in a sheltered situation, well dug and divided into lugd. 523. Native of Britain, Lapland, &c. in fields, and about
beds; plant four or five inches apart, give a moderate watering the banks of rivers and ditches. Wild navew. Pet. hort. brit. t.
if the weather is dry three or four times for the first ten days. 45. f. 9. Stem 2 feet high. Flowers yellow, corymbose. Col-
About the first or second week of this month the last crop of Bro- sat, Colsa, or Colza, Pomet. hist. drog. p. 17. f. 2.
Chou de
coli should be finally transplanted into a warm situation, and they Champs Navette (Fr.) Coleseed, Wild Navew or Navette
should be planted in rows about a foot and a half apart, and about (Eng.)
the same distance from each other in the row. Hoe the ground This plant is very extensively cultivated in Belgium, Switzerland,
and draw the earth round the stems of the former crops of Brocoli. and Germany for food for sheep, and for the seed to be pressed for
10 October. The Cauliflowers sown in August and beginning its oil. It is sometimes sown broad-cast, but it is alleged, that trans-
of September will now be fit to prick out in beds, where they planting has many advantages; one is, that the seed-bed occupies
are to remain during winter; prepare a piece of ground of the but little room, whilst the land which is to carry the general crop
same size and form as recommended last month, in a sheltered is bearing corn. In the latter end of September, or second week
but not in a shaded situation ; plant about four inches apart of November, the plants are put in with the dibble or the plough
each way, water and settle the mould about their roots, place a without apprehending any miscarriage. The seed-bed is usually
frame over them if such can be spared, exposing them as much sown in July or August. In October, or sooner, the stubble is
as possible in good weather, covering them when frost or heavy ploughed over, manured, and ploughed again. The plants are
cold rain is apprehended. Guard against the attacks of mice dibbled into the seams of the ploughing (each furrow being 12
and slugs. If a frame cannot be had, prick them out in the inches broad) and are set out 12 inches distance in the rows. In-
same way
under a wall or paling, sloping the ground in digging stead of dibbling upon a second ploughing, in many cases they lay
towards the sun, or they may be protected in beds on a warm the plants at the proper distances across the furrow, and as the
spot, covered occasionally with mats, supported by hoops ; in plough goes forward the roots are covered, and a woman fol-
either case let them enjoy a free circulation of air, and to be lows to set them a little up, and give them a firmness in the
kept as dry as possible. Store Cauliflowers as directed. Plant ground where necessary. After the frost in spring, the inter-
out finally towards the end of the month early Cabbage plants, vals are weeded and hand-hoed, and the earth drawn up to the
for cabbaging early in the following summer, in a good spot of plants, which is the last operation till the harvest. It is pulled
ground well manured and trenched, make ridges and plant be- rather green but ripens in the stack; it is threshed in the common
tween them, and in wet ground even on the top of the ridges. way, and the haulm is burned to ashes for manure, which is
If both survive the winter, make the one row make good the found to be more valuable than any other kind of manure, and it
other, preferring to leave the row at the bottom of the ridge, is considered that upon clover, a dressing of one-third less of it
these last are most likely to be preserved, as they will be shel- is amply sufficient. The seed is sold for crushing, or, as is fre-
tered from the cutting winds.
The Brassica tribe seldom suc- quently the case, crushed by the farmer himself.
ceed if planted twice in the same ground. Plant in rows about There is a variety of this called Colsa de Mars, which may be
two feet apart each way. Some of the early Cabbage plants sown in spring and harvested in the same year, but is less pro-
should be allowed to remain in the nursery-bеds till January or ductive. The two varieties have a very different aspect. Some
February, for in many instances the plants that are planted out authors speak of the White-flowered Colsa; but this name ap-
early are destroyed by the frost, should this take place, then pears to have arisen from some confusion in nomenclature.
have recourse to the nursery-beds to supply their places. If ** B. pabulària (D. C. syst. 2. p. 589.) root fusiform, slen-
any Cabbage plants remain in the seed-beds, remove them into der; stem short. O. H. Native of Europe ; cultivated in
the
nursery-beds in the beginning of the month, to gain strength fields for sheep fodder, but very rarely; it bears frequent cut-
to endure the ensuing frosts. Clear the crops of Brocoli from ting. Chou à faucher, Commerel in mem. soc. agr. par. 1789.
weeds, and mould them up for winter; prefer a dry day for this *** C. Napo-Brássica (D.C. syst. 2. p. 589.) root tumid, tur-
operation. The crops of Brussels-sprouts should be treated in nip-formed. 8. H. Frequently cultivated in fields. Brás-
the same manner.
sica oleracea Napo-Brássica, Lin. spec. 932. Cavolo navone o
11 November. Admit free air every fine day to the Cauli- Rutabàga, Galliz. bot.
flowers, in fine dry weather during the day-time by wholly re- Var. a, commünis (D. C. 1. c.) root white or purplish; neck
moving the glasses, tilting them only in wet weather; clear off and petioles greenish or purplish. .H. Cultivated in fields.
,
the dead leaves and keep them free from weeds; those plants Chou-navet commun ; Chou-navet blanc; Chou-navet rouge.
under bell or hand-glasses require the same treatment, draw a The Turnip-rooted Cabbage is little known in the English gar-
little earth round their stalks. Where Cauliflower plants were dens, though not uncommon in French horticulture. Mr. Neill
neglected to be pricked out last month, let it be done as early in observes it has a root under ground as sweet as a Swedish Tur-
this month as possible. Planting Cabbages for next spring use nip. The root is either white or red.
should be finished as early in this month as possible, that they Var. B, Rutabàga. (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root yellowish, rather
may become sufficiently rooted before severe weather sets in ; globose. 7. H. Cultivated in fields. Rutabàga, Navet jaune,
the weakest plants may remain in the seed-bed during winter, Chou de Laponie, Chou de Suede, Navet de Suede (Fr.) Swe-
to make up vacancies in the plantations in spring,
dish Turnip (Eng.) Navone di Laponia (Ital.)
Ii
agr. 3.
p. 192.
VOL. I. PART. III.

242
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
3. H.
p.
* *
*** * viridis,
-
*
* *
Swedish Turnip. This root is extensively cultivated in fields 8 Large Scotch.
for cattle, on account of its large size and hardy nature ; it is 9 White globe.
also occasionally raised in gardens for the table to use in young § 2. Round Yellow Turnips. Brássica ràpa ** favéscens,
growth. The cultivation of this root is the same as that for D. C. 1. c.
common turnip both in agriculture and horticulture, which see.
1 Yellow Dutch.
Wild or Field Navew and Swedish Turnip. Britain. Fl. June,
2 Aberdeen yellow.
July. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
3 Maltese golden, an excellent and beautiful root.
3 B. RA'PA (Lin. spec. 931.) radical leaves lyrate, destitute
4 Large yellow field.
of glaucous bloom, green, covered with bristly hairs, middle
5 Scarisbrook or Preston yellow.
cauline ones cut, upper ones quite entire, smooth.
6 Mouse-tail or six-week yellow.
Native throughout Europe in cultivated fields and their borders.
ni-
§ 3. Black Turnip. Brássica ràpa. A. depréssa
Smith, eng. bot. 2176. Mart. fl. rust. t. 49 and 50. B. asperi-
fòlia var. 7, Lam, dict. 1. p. 746. Sinàpis tuberosa, Poir. dict.
Sinapis tuberòsa, Poir. dict. gricans, D. C. l. c.
4. 346. Br. tuberosa, Sal. prod. 272. Sinapis ràpa, Brot. fl. 1 Black Russian. This turnip appears to be lost.
lus. 1. p. 586. Long. Turnep. Pet. herb. brit. t. 45. f. 8.
§ 4. Red Turnip. Brássica ràpa depressa punìcea,
Rave Navet (Fr.) Sleckrübe (Germ.) Navone (Ital.) Turnip
Turnip D. C. I. c.
(Engl.)
A. depréssa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 590.) root tumid under the
1 Large round red.
2 Red six-week or stone.
neck, globose depressed, ending abruptly in a slender tail. .
H. Cultivated.. Navet ronde or Rave plate. Rabioule Rave,
$ 5. Green Turnip. Brássica ràpa depressa
Grosse Rave (Fr.) Round Turnip (Eng.)-Mor. oxon. sect. 3.
D. C. l. c.
t. 2. f. 1.-Blackw. herb. t. 231.
1 Green turnip.
* álba (D. C. 1. c.) root white on the outside, or purplish at $ 6. Oblong Turnip. Brássica ràpa, B. oblonga, D. C. I. c.
l
the neck.-White Turnip.
1 Tankard or Decanter Turnip, large oblong, white, red, and
* flavescens (D. C. 1. c.) root yellowish both inside and out-
side. - Yellow Turnip.
green.
*** nigricans (D. C. 1. c.) root blackish on the outside.- § 7. Oil-bearing Turnip. Brússica ràpa, C. oleifera, D.
Black Turnip. This is a very doubtful plant.
C. l. c.
**** punìcea (D. C. l. c.) root with a scarlet or red skin.
1 Navette of Dauphiny.
-Red Turnip.
Estimate of sorts.
6. The first three sorts are the fittest for
viridis (D. C. 1. c.) root green.-Green Turnip. early, first succession and main summer crops for the table.
****** præ cox (D. C. 1. c.) Early Dutch Turnip. The early white Dutch is proper, both for the most early and
B. oblonga (D. C. 1. c.) root oblong, gradually tapering to first succession crops, as is also the early stone.
The common
a point.—Math. comm. 330. f. 1.--Lob. icon. t. 197. f. 2. &c. round white is highly eligible for the main crop; and the large
-Oblong, Tankard, or Decanter Turnip.
round white stands nearly on a par with that, and, if not sown
C. oleifera (D. C. l. c.) root slender.-B. napella, Vill. to come in with it, should at least succeed it, as a late summer
Math. comm. 330. f. 2.-Lob. icon. 298. f. 1.-Oil-bearing and autumn crop. In large grounds portions of the large white-
Turnip. Cultivated in Dauphiny, where it is called Navette, for green-topped, and the large white-red-topped, may be sown for
the sake of its seed, from which an oil is obtained. It is less pro- autumn and winter, but the surest plant for winter consump-
ductive than the common Rape and Colza, but it is nevertheless tion is the yellow Dutch; although constituted to stand the
useful as it grows in soil unfavourable to every other oleagi- intense frost unhurt, it has a fine flavour, and is very nutritive.
.
nous plant. The seeds are sown after harvest, and ripen in the Small portions of any of the other sorts may be cultivated in
June following. See B. nàpus oleifera for the culture of the plant. secondary crops for variety, or to answer a particular demand.”
Turnip. Fl. April, July. Britain. Pl. 2 to 4 feet.
Time of sowing. “This root can be obtained most part of
The Turnip is a biennial plant, growing in a wild state in the year by sowing every month in spring and summer. Make
some parts of England, but better known as an inhabitant of the first sowing in the last week of February or first week in
the gardens or the farm; the root leaves are large, of a deep March, on a slight hot-bed; by this means the plants will be
green colour, very rough jagged, and gashed; in the second more likely to bulb, than shew a disposition to run to seed, and
season it sends up a flower-stalk furnished with stem-clasping will be an acceptable addition to spring vegetables. For the
leaves, which are smooth.
first early full crop sow about the middle or latter end of March
Use. The use of the root, boiled and mashed as a dish, in in an open situation, and where the ground is light. For the
broths, soups, and stews, or entire, is known all over Europe.
,
second crop to succeed those sown last month, sow about the
The top shoots, from such as have stood the winter, are gathered middle or end of April, either in drills an inch deep or broad-
whilst tender and dressed as spring-greens or spinach, under cast thinly. They may be sown between crops of Asparagus or
the name of Turnip-tops.
Sea-kale, provided the soil be light; the early Dutch and stone
The following varieties are in general cultivation.
are best for this and the preceding sowings. For the third crop
§. 1 Round White Turnips. Brússica ràpa. A. depressa
sow in May, and by the latter end of July they will be suffi-
* álba, D. C.l. c.
ciently large for use. Sow in a light soil in warm situations.
The fourth and principal crop should be sown in June, about the
1 Early white Dutch.
middle or end of the month, for autumn and winter use, and con-
2 Early stone.
siderable benefit will be derived in sowing in showery or rainy
3 Common round white.
weather, or to retard the sowing if a prospect of such weather
4 Large round white.
coming on, in all the sowings. Particular care should be taken
5 Green topped, large round white, skin of the crown green. in sowing the seed equally, and immediately afterwards tread it
6 Red topped, large white.
down and rake it evenly. The fifth crop should be sown in July
7 Small round French, petit Berlin (Fr.) Teltaw (Ger.) in an open situation. This time may be considered a very favour-
-
2

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
243
a
a
able time for sowing Turnips for autumn use; the first of these to leave those designed to reach a full size ultimately ten or
will be fit for the kitchen in September, and will improve in twelve square inches. Water garden crops sometimes in hot
growth from Michaelmas to Christmas, and should a moderate dry weather.”
winter follow, they will continue in perfection until the following Taking in the crop and preserving it by housing. In succes-
spring Care must be taken to sow immediately after the sive crops begin to draw as directed above in a thinning order,
ground is prepared. The sixth and last crops of the season that such others as are coming forward may have room to enlarge
should be sown at the beginning and towards the latter end of in succession, by which means a regular supply will be procured
August, taking advantage of moist weather. The kinds best for till March or April of the second season ; specific sorts being
this sowing are all the yellow Turnips, viz. Dutch, Aberdeen, sufficiently hardy to continue good through ordinary winters.
and Maltese ; however in families, where the colour of these But of the winter crops for the table, draw a portion occasion-
may be objected to, the common round white may be substi- ally in November, December, or whenever there is an appearance
tuted ; but is not so hardy, nor so good a root for keeping." of the frost setting in severe. Cut the tops off close and house
Seed estimate. For a seed-bed four feet and a half by twenty-
а
the roots in some lower shed or cellar, laid in sand ready for use
four feet, sown broad-cast, the plants to remain and be trimmed while the ground is frozen. “ Instead of cutting the top and
to seven inches distance from each other, half an ounce.
roots close off, some prefer leaving about an inch of the top,
Process of soning. Let the ground be well broken by well and the whole of the root; and, when the bulbs are kept in a
digging, and neatly levelled to receive the seed. Procure bright sufficiently cool store, this seems preferable, as more likely to
well dried seed ; the seed may be then put into the ground retain the sap.” Abercrombie.
either alone or mixed with sand.
Turnip-tops. These are to be gathered from the earlier spring-
Precautions against the fly. “It appears from a trial of Mr. produced leaves, either from the crown or flower-stalk. They
.
Knight, at the suggestion of Sir Humphrey Davy, that lime are equally good from any of the varieties, and less acrid from
slaked with urine, and mixed with a treble quantity of soot, if those of the
Swedish Turnip. Sometimes very late sowings are
sprinkled in with the seed at the time of sowing, will protect the made in September and October, which never bulb, but which
seeds and germs from the ravages of the fly, but this antidote are preserved entirely for their produce as greens in spring.
cannot be applied unless the sowing be in drills. A simpler re- Loudon, l. c.
medy, which has been found by Mr. Mean to be perfectly suc- Field Turnips. Where a family can be supplied from the
cessful, is to steep the seed in sulphur-water, putting an ounce field, the roots will always be found of a better flavour, and the
of sulphur to a pint of water, which will be sufficient for soaking same remark applies to all the culinary kinds of Brassica, Cauli-
three pounds of seed." Abercrombie. Arch. Gorrie, a gardener flower and Brocoli excepted.
of merit, tried several methods without effect. At last he Varieties commonly cultivated in the fields. These may be
tried dusting the rows when the plants were in the seed-leaf, with arranged as whites and yellows, .
quick-lime. He says, a bushel of quick-lime is sufficient to 1 White Turnips. By far the best and most generally cultivated,
dust over an acre of drilled Turnips; and a boy may soon be is the globe, but there are also the green-topped and purple-
taught to lay it on almost as fast as he could walk along the topped, which though they do not produce so large a crop as
drills. If the seed-leaves are powdered in the least degree, it the globe or oval, stand the winter better, and the red-topped, it
is sufficient; but should rain wash the lime off before the Tur- is said, will keep till February. The pudding or tankard Turnip,
nips are in the secondary leaves, it may be necessary to repeat has a white bulb which rises from eight to twelve inches high,
the operation if the fly begin to make its appearance." Cal. hort. standing almost wholly above the ground. It is less prolific
mem. vol. 1.
than any of the others, and more liable to be injured by frost.
Mixing equal parts of old seed with new, and then dividing 2 Yellow Turnips. There is the yellow field Turnip, which is
the mixture, and steeping one half of it twenty-four hours in more hardy than the globe, and answers well for succeeding that
water, has often been tried with effect and especially by farmers. variety in spring, as well as the Swedish Turnip, which may
be
By this means, four different times of vegetation are procured, preserved for consumption in June. See B. Campestris Rutabaga.
and consequently four different chances of escaping the fly. The Siberian Turnip has a bulb and a branching top, but both
Radish-seed is also frequently mixed with that of the Turnip, of inferior quality. It is said to be a hybrid between the White
and the fly preferring the former, the latter is allowed to escape. Swedish Turnip and field Cabbage, or between the Rape and the
Loud. ency.gard. One of the easiest methods, Mr. Neill observes, Cabbage. The sorts are limited by the best farmers to the
“is to sow thick, and thus ensure a sufficiency both for the fly and white globe, yellow, and Swedish, according as early, middling,
“But the most effectual preventive on a large scale or late supplies are wanted.
is found in sowing late, where that can be done; the fly in its Choice of seed. Farmers must rely on the integrity of the
beetle state having fed on other herbage disappears before the seed-dealer, as it is impossible to discover by the grains whether
Turnip comes into leaf.” Loud. I. c. “In the heat of summer it is the sorts are true. Turnip seed requires to be frequently changed,
of great importance to wait for rain, if the ground be too exten- and the best is generally procured from Norfolk and Northum-
sive to be properly watered; for the fermentation, caused by berland. Those who wish to have Turnips in perfection should
copious rain, and heat, gives an extraordinary quick vegetation procure fresh seed from Norfolk every year, for after two
to the seed, which in a few days will be in the rough leaf and out years it degenerates. New seed is preferable to old, as it vege-
of all danger from the fly. This insect is weakened or killed tates several days sooner, and more vigorously, and it is well
by drenching showers, and does no injury to the Turnip when known that the healthy and vigorous plants escape the fly, while
much rain falls. When a crop is destroyed by the fly, the ne-
the stunted or sickly seldom or never escape it. Hence it would
cessary reparation is immediately to dig, or stir the ground, and seem that plants raised from fresh or new seed are more secure
make another sowing, watering soon and occasionally afterwards, from the fly than those raised from old seeds.
unless rain falls." Loud. l. c.
Soil, should always be of a light description, as they can
Subsequent culture. “ As soon as the plants have leaves about never be advantageously cultivated on wet tenacious soils, but
an inch broad, hoe and thin them to six or eight square inches are grown on all comparatively dry soils under all the variations
distance, cutting up weeds. As the Turnips increase in the of our climate, but even in clayey soils they are frequently cul-
root, a part may be drawn by progressive thinnings, so as tivated, though on a smaller scale, to be eaten by cattle, for the
the crop."
a
Ii 2

244
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
purpose
of
consumed in grass fields or fold-yards; when the weather is wet or
augmenting and enriching the manure into which the
straw of corn is converted.
the fields are moist, when the sheep ought not to be allowed to lie
Climate. The climate most desirable for the Turnip is cool on the field. Eating Turnips on the spot is of great advantage
and temperate. Turnips in the south of Europe never grow both in manuring and consolidating the ground. Turnips are
large, and a rapid climate is disadvantageous to the Turnip, and also used for feeding cattle and sometimes milch cows, but the
they are accordingly found of no size in Russia, Sweden, and far greater part, wherever they are extensively cultivated, by
many parts of North America.
sheep. The Swedish and yellow Turnip are eaten greedily by
Preparing the soil.
“ The first ploughing is given with a horses, and affords a very nutritive and salutary food along with
deep furrow, soon after harvest, usually in the direction of the hay or straw for working stock. During severe frost Turnips
former ridges, though if the soil be dry it is of little consequence become so hard that no animal can eat them; in this case lay them
in what direction. As soon as the spring seed-time is over, a in running water, which effectually thaws them: or placed in close
second ploughing is given across the former, and the harrows, feeding-houses, the Turnips intended for next day's use may be
and if necessary the rollers are set to work in order to clean and stored up over night in one end of the building, and the warmth
pulverise the soil, and the weed-roots are carefully burnt or of the animals will thaw them sufficiently by morning. But in those
carried off the field to form a compost, usually with lime. The months when frosts are severe, it is always advisable to have a
land then generally undergoes a third ploughing, and weed-roots few days' consumption in the turnip barn. It is necessary to
carried off as before, again harrowed well, sometimes also rolled. slice with a spade or chopping-knife, or crush them by means of
It is next laid up in ridgelets from 27 to 30 inches wide, either a heavy wooden mallet, for sheep and young cattle in their first
with the common swing plough, or one with two mould-boards year towards spring, when the loosening and shedding of their
which forms two sides of a ridgelet at once. Well rotted dung teeth render them unable to break the large roots. A wine is
at the rate of 12 or 15 tons per acre, this is spread equally over said to be made from the Turnip by the London manufacturers of
the ground. The plough immediately follows, and reversing the imitations of foreign wine. A kind of bread is also said to be
ridgelets forms new ones over the dung, and the drill-barrow, made of the Turnip.
commonly one that sows two drills at once, drawn by one horse, Sir Humphrey Davy has proved that Turnips contain 42 parts
deposits the seeds as fast as the new drills are formed. This in 1000 of nutritive matter, of which 7 were mucilage, 34 sugar,
machine has usually two rollers, one that goes before the sowing and 1 gluten. Swedish Turnips afforded 64 parts of nutritive
apparatus and levels the pointed tops of the ridgelets, and matter in 1000, of which 9 were starch, 51 sugar, 2 gluten, and
another that follows, for the purpose of compressing the soil and 2 extract.
covering the seed. Ground cannot be made too rich for the “ To raise plants for seed the usual mode is to select the
Turnip, for in fact the weight of the crop depends upon its con- most approved specimens at the season when they are full grown,
dition in this respect."
and either remove all others from the field, and leave them
Time of sowing " The several varieties are somewhat differ- to shoot into flower-stems next year, or transplant them to a
ent; the Swedish should be put in earliest, and then the yellow, place by themselves, where they will be secure from the farina
;
both of them in the month of May. But as these kinds are of others of their genus. In either case, they must be protected
much less extensively cultivated than the globe, the month of by earthing up from winter's frost.”
June is the principal seed-time. In the southern counties, Tur- The diseases and injuries to which Turnips are liable are
nips are frequently sown in August after peas, wheat, or tares. various. At their first appearance the leaves are liable to the
The crop, however, is always light, and only fit to be eaten down attacks of the fly (Aphis and Chrysomela, Lin.) of the cater-
by sheep in spring, or to send their tops to market as greens. pillar (Papilio noctua, &c. Lin.) of the slug (Limax, Lin.) and of
After a crop of hotspur peas, sold green for the London market, mildew. Their roots are attacked by worms of various kinds ;
the land is well cleansed with the horse-hoe, and upon once by a singular tendency to monstrosity, known provincially by
ploughing Turnips are sown, and when the plants first appear,
the the names of fingers and toes; by the ambury; by canker, and
field receives a light top dressing of soot, ashes, &c. : this has by wasting or gangrene from water or frost.
:
Of all or most of
a good effect in preserving the plants from the depredation of these injuries or diseases, it may be observed that they neither
the fly."
admit of prevention or cure by art, but under favorable circum-
Mode of sowing, in all the best cultivated districts is on stances of soil, climate, culture, and weather they seldom occur,
raised drills, for sowing broad-cast, or even sowing in rows on a
and therefore all that the cultivator can do is to prepare and
flat surface, is never found to answer.
manure his land properly; and in the sowing season supply water
After culture. The turnip farmer, as soon as the Turnip has when the weather is dry or the soil deficient in humidity.
put forth the rough leaf, runs a horse-hoe between the ridgelets, 4 B. NA'pus (Lin. spec. 931.) leaves smooth, of a greyish-
and cuts up the weeds on each side almost close to the ridgelets, glaucous-hue, radical ones lyrate, stem ones pinnatifid and cre-
clearing out the bottom of the interval at the same time. The nated, uppermost ones cordate-lanceolate, clasping the stem;
hand-hoers are always set to work as soon as possible after, and siliques divaricate-spreading.
7. H.
Native country not
the plants are left about 9 inches apart or more. A few days
known. Cultivated in fields. It is to be found almost natu-
after this a small swing plough enters the intervals between the ralized in waste ground and on ditch banks in Britain. Smith,
rows, and taking a furrow slice off each side, forms a smaller
slice off each side, forms a smaller engl. bot. t. 2146. Schran
engl. bot. t. 2146. Schrank. A. mon. 3. t. 218. Sinàpis Nàpus,
ridgelet in the middle. If the weeds still arise in great abund-
Brot. fl. lus. 1.
p.
586.
ance, the horse-hoe may be employed again; otherwise, the next * A. oleifera (D. C. syst. 2. p. 592.) root slender .. H. B.
operation is to go over them a second time with the hand-hoe, oleifera, Moench. meth. 253. B. Nápus, Nestl.—Navette d'hiver
when the intermediate ridge is levelled. When no more manual
When no more manual Navette, Rabette (Fr.) Rüben, Reps, Winter Reps, (Germ.) Rape,
,
labour is necessary, a small plough with two mould-boards is Naven, Coleseed, Winter Navette (Eng.)-Lob. icon. t. 200. f. 2.
employed to lay up the earth to the sides of the plants, leaving Rape. Navette, (Fr.) Rubsamen, (Germ.) Naba Sylvestre,
the ridgelet the same form as when sown, which finishes the (Ital.) This is the British Rape, or Colsat. It is distinguished
process.
from the Colsat or Colsai of the continent, by the smoothness of
Use of Turnips. They are either eaten by sheep on the spot, its leaves, the other being hispid. It would be desirable, De
lotted off by means of hurdles or nets that they may be regularly Candolle observes, if all cultivators would examine whether

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
245
,
a
the plant they cultivate is Brassica Campestris oleifera, or the adhering masses of seed-husks after the oil has been expressed,
Brassica Nàpus oleifera, which can easily be ascertained by the and the second loose dry husks, are used for top-dressings for
roughness or smoothness of the leaves. Experiments made by crops of different sorts, but it has little or no effect if rain does
Gaujac shew the produce of the first, compared to that of the not immediately follow after it has been scattered on the ground.
second, to be 955 to 700, (Hort. trans. 5. p. 23.)
66 For its The haulm is used as hay, and the tops are eaten with avidity
leaves, as food for sheep, and its seeds for the oil manufacturers, nearly equal to cut straw.
nearly equal to cut straw. The green leaves, as food for sheep,
Rape, or Coleseed, has been cultivated from time immemorial. are scarcely surpassed by any other vegetable, in so far as respects
It may be grown by sowing broad-cast, or in rows, like the com- its nutritious properties; but in quantity it is inferior to both
mon turnip, or transplanted like the Swedish turnip. The culture turnips and cabbages. The sheep are folded upon Rape in the
of Rape for seed has been much objected to by some, on account same manner as practised with turnips, from November to April.
of the great degree of exhaustion of the land that it is supposed Rape is cultivated in gardens as a small salad herb, to be
to produce. But where it is grown on a suitable soil and pre- gathered young in the seed-leaves, and used as cresses and mus-
paration, with proper attention in the after-culture, and the tard. Like these it has a warm flavour, and is recommended
straw and offal, instead of being burnt, as is the common prac- as a stomachic. This plant is very generally cultivated in the
tice, converted to the purpose of feeding or littering cattle, it
,
eastern parts of France.
may in many instances be as proper
and advantageous a crop as “ Culture for small salading. Sow at the same time with
can be employed by the farmer. The soils best suited for the cresses Lepidium Sativum mustard, Sinàpis álba, in spring and
culture of Rape are the deep, rich, dry and kindly soils. Young winter, or at any season when small salading is required. Sow
says that on open fen and peat soils, and bogs, it thrives well, in drills, and follow the culture directed for White Mustard."
and especially on pared and burned land, which is the best pre-
* B. ESCULE'NTA (D. C. 1. c.) root fusiform, thickened under
paration for it; but it may be grown with success on fenny, the neck. Lob. icon. 200, f. 1.—Bauh. hist. 2. p. 842. icon.
marshy, and other coarse waste lands, that have been long under Mor. oxon. 2. p. 214. sect. 3. t. 2. f. 1. This plant is usually
grass, after being broken, and reduced into a proper state of pre-
confused with the Swedish turnip and the common turnip.
paration. As a first crop, on such description of land, it is often Var.a,álba; (D.C. syst. 2. p. 593.) root white, esculent. Nàpus
the best that can be employed. The author of the New Farmer's dúlcis. Blackw. herb. t. 410. This is the most common variety.
Calendar thinks that this plant is not perhaps worth attention on Var. B, flàva; (D. C. 1. c.) root yellow, esculent.
any but rich and deep soils ; for instance, those luxuriant slips Var. y, nigricans;(D. C. 1. c.) root with a black skin, esculent.
that are found by the sea-side, fens, or newly broken up grounds, “The Navew, Navet, Chou Navet, or French turnip, Dickson ob-
where vast crops of it may be raised.”
be raised." The land on which the serves, (Hort. trans. vol. I.) enriches all the foreign soups. Stewed
Rape is to be sown needs nothing more than a deep ploughing, in gravy it forms a most excellent dish, and being white, and of
and sufficient harrowing to bring the surface to a fine mould, in the shape of a carrot, when mixed alternately with those roots
February or March, immediately before sowing, or in July, or upon a dish, it is very ornamental. In France, as well as Ger-
after the hay-crop if the sowing is deferred to that season. many, few great dinners are served up without it in one shape
When sown on old tillage-land, the method of preparation is the or other." "In using it there is no necessity to cut away
the
same as that which is usually given for the common turnip. outer skin, or rind, in which, indeed, the flavour chiefly resides ;
Wheat is considered the best crop to follow Rape : by its being scraping it will be quite sufficient.” Justice observes, (Brit.
taken off early there is sufficient time allowed for getting the gard. direct. p. 159.) that it is neither fit to be boiled alone,
land in order for sowing wheat. The time of sowing Rape is the nor raw, but that two or three of them, in seasoning, will give a
same as that for the turnip, and the manner, either broad-cast higher flavour than a dozen of any common turnips.
or in rows. Where the object is the keep of sheep in autumn “The great advantage attending the cultivation of this root is,
or winter, by eating it down, the broad-cast method, and thick that it requires no manure whatever ; any soil that is
poor
and
sowing, is evidently the best, and is that generally resorted to in light, especially if sandy, suits it, where it seldom exceeds the
Lincolnshire and the fenny districts. The quantity of seed, size of one's thumb or middle finger ; in rich manured earth it
when sown thick, may be a peck an acre; but when drilled, or grows much larger, but it is not so sweet, or good in quality.”
sown thin, two or three pounds will suffice.
Vacancies may
Justice and Dickson. Sowing broad-cast, in the way of Turnips,
always be filled up by transplanting. The season for trans- is the way of cultivating the Navet.
planting is soon after harvest. One deep ploughing is sufficient, Rape or Coleseed. Fl. April, June. Clt.? Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
and a sufficient degree of harrowing: the plants are then dib- 5 B. PRÆ'cox, (Waldst. et Kit. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 593.)
bled in rows a foot apart, and the plants six inches asunder. leaves smooth, covered with greyish-glaucous bloom; radical
These will not be so strong as those sown in June or July, and lower stem-leaves lyrate, upper stem-ones cordate-lanceo-
where they are to run to seed. The seed-beds where the plants late, stem-clasping, crenated; pods erect. O. H. Culti-
ΟΗ
are to be obtained for transplanting, should be sown in June or vated throughout middle Europe, in fields in the mountains.
July. The after-culture is the same as that for the turnip, which Navette d'été (Fr.)
Navette d'été (Fr.) Kohl Reps, Summer Reps (Germ.). Flow-
consists in hoeing and thinning. In poor soils they may be left ers sulphur-coloured. The summer Navette is less cultivated
at 6 or 8 inches apart, but in rich soil 12 or 15 inches. When than the Coleseed, being less prolific, the seeds being much smaller.
Rape is grown purposely for feeding sheep, no hoeing nor thinning It is chiefly cultivated on hilly ground, where the winter Navette
is necessary. The seeds begin to ripen about the last week of will not grow. Being an annual it is sown in the spring and
June, and must then be protected from birds. In harvesting reaped in the autumn.
Rape great care is necessary not to lose the seed by shaking, or Early Coleseed. Fl. Aug. Clt.? Pl. 2 feet.
by exposing it to high winds or rain. It is reaped with the hook, 6 B. CRE'TICA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 747.) stem shrubby at the
and the principal point is to make good use of fine weather, for base; leaves ovate-roundish, crenated, stalked, smooth.
it must be threshed as fast as reaped, or at least without being Native of Crete, as well as in all the islands of the Archipelago,
stacked like other crops. The use of Rape-seed for crushing for in the fissures of rocks. Smith. fl. græc. t. 645. Flowers race-
oil is well known: it is also employed as food for tame birds, and mose. Similar to B. oleracea. Stem a foot high, dividing into
sometimes it is sown by gardeners in the same way as mustard 2 or 3 short thick branches at the top.
or cress, for early salading. Rape-cake, and Rape-dust, the first Cretan Cabbage. Fl. April, May. Shrub 2 ft.
.6
h. F.

246
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA.
7 B. CHINE'NSIS (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 280.) herbaceous ; leaves
.
Mauritania and Spain. Stem · branched, hairy at the base.
oval, almost quite entire, floral ones lanceolate, clasping the stem; Flowers the size and colour of those of B. oleracea.
calyx longer than the claws of the petals. F.H. Native of Pinnatifid-leaved Cabbage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818.
Pl.
China. B. violácea, Burm. fl. ind. p. 140? Stem tall, erect, 2 to 3 feet.
branched; the whole plant rather glaucous. Flowers yellow 17 B. LYRA'TA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 96. t. 166.) leaves his-
or violet.
pid, radical ones lyrate, stem ones deeply toothed; calyx and
Chinese Cabbage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1770. Pl. 3 to 4 ft. siliques hispid ; stem ascendant. O? H. Native of the north
O? H.
8 B. VIOLA'CEA (Lin. spec. 932.), herbaceous; leaves ovate- of Africa, in sandy deserts. Stems numerous from the same
lanceolate, glabrous, undivided, toothed ; sepals and ovaries tuft, simple or branched, hispid. Flowers small, violaceous,
villous ; pedicels furnished with bracteas. 3. H. Native of reticulated. Habit of Diplotaxis erucoides.
China. Racemes terminal. Flowers whitish-purple, reticulated ; Lyrate-leaved Cabbage. Fl. in the water. Pl. foot.
Å
petals twice the length of the calyx.
18 B. HU'MILIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 598.) leaves all radical,
Violaceous-flowered Cabbage. Fl. May, June. Pl. 2 feet. fleshy, pinnatifid; lobes entire, bearing hairs at their apex;
9 B. MAGELLA'NICA (Juss. ined. Pers.ench. 2. p. 207.) herba- scapes naked ; siliques spreading, tapering to the base, termi-
ceous ; leaves glabrous, pectinately pinnate-parted; flowering nated by a thickish style. 24. H. Native near Montpelier.
racemes rather corymbose. $? H. Native of the Straits of Sisymbrium repandum ß, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 62. Root
Magellan. Petals obovate, apparently white, about the size of long, hard, with numerous naked scapes rising from it. Flow-
those of B. Cheiranthos. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 85.
ers yellow.
Magellan Cabbage. Pl. 2 feet ?
Humble Cabbage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl. į foot.
10 B. HELENIA'NA (Burch. fl. st. hel. ined. no. 128.) herba- 19 B. REPA'NDA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 598.) leaves all radical,
ceous; leaves lyrately-pinnate, rather scabrous, radical ones with fleshy, glabrous, repand-toothed ; scapes naked; style slender,
9 or 10 pairs of leaflets, stem-ones with 1 or 2 pair ; terminal distinct from the silique. 4. H. Native of Dauphiny, Pied-
lobes very large. . H. Native of the island of St. Helena, mont, and Provence, on mountains in exposed situations. Sisym-
in moist situations in the valley called Arno's Vale, near Long- brium Monénse, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 350. t. 39. S. repandum,
wood. Root twisted, slender. Stem ascending, branched. Willd. spec. 3. p. 497. Very like the preceding in habit.
.
p
Flowers white or purple, veined with black. Perhaps a species Repand-leaved Cabbage. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. } ft.
of Ráphanus.
St. Helena Cabbage. Pl. 2 feet.
Sect. II. ERUCA'STRUM (altered from Erùca.) D. C. syst. 2.
11 B. VILLÒSA (Biv. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 243.) suffruti- p. 598. prod. 1. p. 216. Siliques sessile, ending in a conical
a
cose, villous; leaves all stalked, lyrate, and toothed. Flowers beak which contains 1-2 seeds at the base.
panicled ; sepals erect; pods somewhat tetragonal.
ħ. F.
20 B. RICHE'RII (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 331. t. 36.) leaves smooth,
Native of Sicily.
lower ones oblong, somewhat toothed, stalked, upper ones
Villous Cabbage. Pl. 2 foot.
linear-lanceolate, few. 4. H. Native of the Alps of Pied-
12 B. INCA'NA (Tenor. app. hort. nap. cat. p. 59.) plant mont, Dauphiny, and Provence, in stony meadows. All
. ped.
.
clothed with hoary soft down; lower leaves stalked, lyrate; ter- no. 967. t. 58. f. 1 and 76. f. 2. Root hard, twisted, woody,
minal lobe large, toothed; stem suffruticose at the base ; siliques with numerous annual stems rising from the neck. Flowers
smooth, 5-times longer than the beak. h. F. Native of Goat's yellow, very like those of B. oleràcea.
Islands, and near Naples, and on the higher mountains of Sicily, Richer's Cabbage. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
on rocks. Flowers pale-yellow.
21 B. MONE'NSIS (Huds. angl. 291.) leaves smooth, rather
Hoary Cabbage. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 ft.
.
fleshy, and somewhat glaucous, pinnatifid ; lobes linear, distant,
13 B. BALEA RICA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 206.) plant smooth ; toothed. 4. H. Native on the sandy sea-coast, plentiful on
lower leaves stalked, sinuated, somewhat fiddle-shaped, rather the coast of Cumberland and in Walney Island. Anglesea but
fleshy; stem suffruticose at the base; siliques 5-times longer rare, also near Liverpool. In the isles of Bute, Arran, and
than the beak. h. H. Native of the Balearic islands, and on Man, and several other parts of the western coast of Scotland,
the red rock at Nice. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 86. B.
also between Dundee and Forfar. Sisymbrium Monénse, Lin.
.
vìrens, Schrank hort, mon. t. 10. Stem branched. Leaves re- spec. ed. 1. p. 658. Smith, engl. bot. 962. Lightf
. fl. scot. 1. p.
sembling those of oak. Flowers pale yellow. Perhaps a spe- 352. t. 15. Lam. ill. t. 565. f. 2. Man Rocket, Pet. herb. brit.
cies of Erùca.
t. 46. f. 7. Root woody, thick, with numerous stems rising
Balearic Cabbage. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 ft. from the neck. Cauline leaves
Cauline leaves very few. Racemes corymbose,
14 B. GRAVÌNÆ (Tenor. app. prim. cat. hort. nap. p. 59. fl.
7-8-flowered. Flowers large, yellow, veined.
neap. t. 62.) plant covered with hispid pubescence ; lower Isle-of-Man Rocket or Cabbage. Fl. June, July. Britain.
leaves oblong, runcinate, with the teeth or lobes entire and Pl. Į to foot.
acute ; calyx spreading ; siliques glabrous. 4. H. Native of 22 B. ERUCA'STRUM (Lin. spec. 932.) leaves runcinate, smooth-
Naples, on the mountains in Abruzzo. Caudex radiciſorm, suf- ish; lobes unequal, bluntly sinuated; stem hispid at the base.
frutescent, short. Stem annual, erect, branched a little. Flow- O. H. Native of France, Italy, Switzerland, &c. in sand and
ers yellow. Stigma capitate, 2-lobed.
among rubbish. Bull. herb. t. 331. Sisymbrium Erucastrum,
Gravina's Cabbage. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Pl. 2 ft. Vill. dauph. 3. p. 342. Eruca sylvestris, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 497.
15 B. Hy'BRIDA (Tenor. prod. fl. nap. p. 59.) stem shrubby Erùca Erucastrum, Baumg. fl. trans. 2. p. 265. Erysimum Eru-
at the base, smooth above, leafy; leaves smooth ; lower ones castrum, Scop. carn. ed. 2. p. 27. The synonyms are very
lyrate, denticulated, upper ones somewhat hastate, sessile ; pe- doubtful. Flowers yellow, veined. The beak of the pod is
dicels very short ; calyx coloured, closed. H. H. Native of sometimes very small and 1-seeded, sometimes without seeds.
Naples. Flowers yellow.
Eruca-like Rocket. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1790. Pl. 1 foot.
Hybrid Cabbage. Pl. 2 feet.
23 B. CHEIRA'NTHOS (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 332. t. 36.) leaves
16.B. PINNATI'FIDA (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 95. t. 166.) leaves stalked, hispid, pinnatifid; Tobes sinuately-toothed, oval-oblong;
pinnatifid, glabrous; lobes lanceolate, serrated ; ribs and petioles stem hispid at the base ; silique 4-times longer than the beak.
rather hairy ; siliques somewhat tetragonal. 4. H. Native of ☆ ? H. Native of the south of France, Dauphiny, Piedmont,
B. semper-
1

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA,
247
-
7
.
Savoy, Switzerland, in sand on the banks of rivers and rivulets. Native of Naples, Spain, Sicily, Greece, &c. on arid hills and in
Sinapis Tournefortii, All. ped. no. 692. exclusive of the sy- cultivated places. Sinapis radicàta, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 98. t.
nonyms. Sisymbrium Monénse, Gilib. elem. 2. p. 184. Erysi- 167. Smith, fl. græc. t. 648. Flowers pale-yellow. This is a
mum arvénse, Thor. chlor. land. 284. Flowers yellow. This
This species apparently between Brássica and Sinapis; it has a spread-
is a very polymorphous plant.
ing calyx as in Sinàpis, but the habit and fruit is that of Brássica.
Var. B, Sinapis recurvāta (All. ped. no. 963. t. 37.) Perhaps Shrubby Cabbage. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. lz foot.
this plant is specifically distinct from the calyx, being more 31 B. CYRENIACA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 911.) smooth ; upper
loose, and the beak of the pod rougher. Native of Piedmont leaves cordate-ovate, serrulated, stem-clasping ; calyx smooth ;
and Mauritania on hills in exposed situations.
pod torulose ; beak tetragonal, 2-edged, obtuse. 1. H. Na-
Var. Y, B. montàna (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 651.) Native of the tive of Lybia or Cyreniaca. Ráphanus amplexicaúlis, Viv.
Pyrenees on the higher mountains. This plant is humble, almost Cyrenian Cabbage. Pl. 2 feet.
stemless, and tufted.
32 B. PINNA'TA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 912.) smooth; leaves
Wallflower Cabbage. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. pinnate ; leaflets linear, obtuse, almost entire; pods spreading,
24 B. CHEIRANTHIFLORA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 601.) radical furfuraceous, torulose, crowned by a long beak. f. H. Na-
leaves stalked, lyrately-pinnatifid, rather hispid, cauline ones few, tive of the north of Africa in the great Syrtis. Ráphanus pin-
with entire acute lobes ; root slender ; siliques 3 times longer nàta, Viv. fl. lyb.
than the beaks. O. H. Native of Spain, France, in sandy Pinnate-leaved Cabbage. Pl. 2 feet?
places. Sisymbrium Burgundiacum, Hort. taur. Ráphanus
cheiranthiflòrus, Willd. hort. berl. 19. t. 19. Root slender, Sect. III. MICROPÒDIUM (from pekpos, mikros, small, and
perpendicular. Stem simple. Flowers yellow.
Tous, pous, a foot; in allusion to the siliques being seated on
Stock-flowered Cabbage. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1806. Pl. 1 ft. short pedicels.) Silique elevated above the receptacle on a
25 B. TOURNEFO'RTII (Gouan. ill. p. 44. t. 20. f. A.) radical short pedicle, terminated by the short slender style, which is
leaves stalked, hairy, lyrately-pinnatifid ; lobes ovate, crenated; tipped by a capitate stigma. Allied to Diplotáxis, but there is
siliques twice as long as the beak. O. H. Native of Spain only one row of seeds in each cell.
and Egypt on the margins of sub-humid fields. Eruca erécta, 33 B. ELONGATA (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 159.) leaves stalked,
Lag. cat. hort. madr. 1815. p. 20. Root slender, perpendicular. lower ones sinuately-pinnatifid, hispid, upper ones smooth,
Stem rather hispid at the base. Flowers pale-yellow.
toothed; stem smooth. B. H. Native of Transylvania, Hun-
Var. B, B. sisymbrioìdes (Fisch. in litt.) O. H. Native of
O. H. Native of gary, Tauria, and Caucasus, on sandy hills, and by way-sides in
Persia about Lencheran. This plant differs from the species, in sterile places. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 26. t. 28. Sinapis
the habit being smaller, as well as in the leaves being pinnate; lævigàta, Pall. ined. taur. Habl. p. 164. This species is truly
the lobes are equal, and the terminal one is hardly larger than difficult to class as the calyx is not closed as in Brássica, nor is
the lateral ones.
it loose as in Sinàpis. Flowers yellow. This species is culti-
Tournefort's Cabbage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 ft. vated in Hungary for the sake of expressed oil of the seeds. The
26 B. LÆVIGA'TA (Lag. varied. p. 40. no. 19.) radical leaves cultivation of Sinapis nigra will answer well for this plant.
on short stalks, hairy, runcinately-pinnatifid; lobes acutely Elongated-racemed Cabbage. Fl. June, Oct. Cit. 1817. Pl.
toothed ; stem smooth, almost naked, siliques 4 times longer than 2 to 4 feet.
the beak. O? 3. H. Native of Spain in sandy places. Root 34 B. SABULA'RIA (Brot. phyt. p. 97. t. 43.) radical leaves
white, perpendicular. Leaves rather glaucous. Petals white, rather pilose, pinnatifid or runcinate, upper ones linear; stem
streaked with livid veins.
hispid at the base. O. H. Native of Portugal in sandy fields,
Smoothed Cabbage. Fl. June. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot. . especially about Coimbra and Lisbon, also of Sardinia. Sisym-
27 B. VALENTI'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 603.) lower leaves brium Párra, Lin, mant. 255. Calyx greenish-yellow; petals
stalked, clothed with stiff hairs, pinnatifid; lobes a little toothed, yellow. This plant was supposed to have originally come from
upper leaves smooth, almost entire ; pedicels shorter than the Para in Brazil, whence the Linnæan name.
calyx; silique round, 3 times longer than the beak. O. H. Sand Cabbage. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
Native of Spain about Madrid, and in the province of Valencia. 35 B. FRA'GILIS (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 912.) smoothish;
Sisymbrium Valentinum, Lin. spec. 920. Eruca hispida, Cav. leaves oblong, running into the petiole, unequally toothed ;
mss.-Barrel. icon. t. 195. f. 1. Root hard, white, branched. racemes elongated; pedicels hispid; pods erect, stipitate,
Flowers white.
crowned by the shortish thick style. S. H. Native of Egypt.
Valencia Cabbage. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 foot. Brittle Cabbage. Pl. 1 foot.
28 B. ERYSIMOI' Des (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 912.) his-
pid ; stem branched ; leaves lyrate; pods erect, beset with re-
Species not sufficiently known.
flexed hairs, crowned by a long beak. * ? H. Native of 36 B. BU'NIAS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 606.) ? H. Native
Egypt. Flowers pale-yellow.
probably of the Levant. This plant has been confused with the
Erysimum-like Cabbage. Pl. 2 feet?
true Bànias orientale, Lin. and is mixed with it in his herba-
29 B. STRIGOSA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 603.) lower leaves lyrately- rium, but it differs from that plant in the young pods being
p
pinnatifid, hispid ; lobes ovate, toothed, terminal one large; terete, slender, and smooth, terminated by a filiform style, adult
stem hispid at the base, with retrograde hairs; silique 4 times ones oblong, crowned by a seedless conical beak. Bunias foliis
longer than the beak. O? H. Native of the Cape of Good retrorsùm sinuatis, Lin. hort. ups. 186. The terminal lobe of
Hope. Sisymbrium strigòsum, Thunb. prod. 109. Ery’simum the leaf is very large, and the lateral ones incline backwards ;
scabrosum, Banks, herb. Root long, perpendicular. Stem sim- the cauline ones are small and entire. Racemes panicled and
ple, a little furrowed. Flowers yellow ?
elongated.
Strigose Cabbage. Fl. ? Pſ. 1 foot.
Bunias-like Cabbage. Fl. June, July,
Fl. June, July. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
30 B. FRUTICULÒSA (Cyr. pl. rar. 2. p. 7. t. 1.) lower leaves 37 B. RECTANGULA'RIS (Viv. append. fl. cors. in Schlecht.
rather pilose, lyrate; lobes blunt, toothed, terminal one very large; Linnæa 1. p. 502.) leaves rectangularly-pinnate; outer pinnæ
stem suffruticose at the base, and hispid, but glabrous at the confluent; leaflets sessile, and are as well as the segments broad-
apex; siliques torose, 4 times longer than the beak.
h
ħ. H. linear, deeply serrated; claws of petals, as well as the stamens,
a
a

248
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIII. BRASSICA. LXXXIV. SINAPIS.
exceeding the length of the calyx ; beak compressed, equal in Sect. I. MELANOSINA'PIS (from pelas, melas, black, and σιναπι,
length to the pod, which is smooth. Native of Corsica. Flowers sinapi, mustard, that is to say, black-mustard). D. C. syst. 2. p.
yellow.
607. prod. 1. p. 217. Silique terete, somewhat tetragonal.
Rectangular-pinnate-leaved Cabbage. Pl. 1 foot ?
Style short, small, not beak-formed.
38 B.? HÍRTA (Moench, suppl. p. 85.) O. H. Native of?
Leaves smooth, rather fleshy, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, a 1 S. NIGRA (Lin. spec. 933.) siliques smooth, even, some-
little sinuated. Petals obcordate, emarginate, cream-coloured, what tetragonal, appressed to the peduncle; lower leaves lyrate,
with fuscous veins. Pods 4-6-seeded, hairy, crowned by a per- upper ones lanceolate, quite entire, stalked. O. H. Native
manent pilose style, which is rather longer than the pod. This throughout Europe, Spain, France, Britain, Denmark, Germany,
is perhaps a species of Erùca. Stem decumbent.
Italy, Transylvania, Greece, &c. in cultivated fields, waste
Hairy Cabbage. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 1 foot long. grounds, and on banks by road sides. Mart. rust. t. 51. Smith
39 ? B. FORSKA'HLII (Schultz, obs. p. 131. no. 1012.) O ? eng. bot. t. 969. Woodv. med. bot. 3. p. 409. t. 151. Horns
H. Native of ? Leaves all doubly pinnatifid, strigose. Stem fl. dan. 1582. This species is easily distinguished from the rest
and calyxes hispid. Siliques erect, smooth.
Siliques erect, smooth. Petals greenish in the leaves being
in the leaves being pendulous, as well as in the pods being
yellow.
closely pressed to the rachis.
Forskahl's Cabbage. Pl. 1 foot.
Black mustard differs materially from white mustard in the
40 ? B. PURPURA'SCENS (Russ. in Schrad. journ. 1. p. 426.) flowers and seeds being smaller, the latter are black ; they pos-
? H. Native about Aleppo. Leaves lanceolate, pinnatifid. sess the same medicinal qualities, and the young plants are used
Stem pilose. Pods jointed, smooth, crowned by an awl-shaped for the same purpose.
It is sometimes cultivated in gardens,
elongated beak. Perhaps a species of Erucària and is probably and the tender leaves used as greens early in spring, but the
E. Aléppica.
grand purpose for which the plant is cultivated is for the seeds,
Purplish Cabbage. Pl. 1 foot.
which ground produce the well-known condiment mustard. “If
41 ? B. PSEUDO-ERUCA'STRUM (Brot. fl. lus. 1. p. 581.) O. or the seeds,” Mr. Neill observes,“ be taken fresh from the plant,
2. H. Native of Portugal in woods. Radical leaves half a and ground, the powder has little pungency, but is very bitter ;
foot long, lyrately-pinnatifid. Stem-leaves glaucous, uppermost by steeping in vinegar, however, the essential oil is evolved, and
ones of these linear-oblong, entire. Calyx erectly-closed, pilose the powder becomes extremely pungent. In moistening mus-
at the apex. Pod smooth, brownish-green, an inch and a half tard powder for the table, it may be remarked that it makes the
long, crowned by the ensiform style. Seeds globose, black. best appearance when rich milk is used ; but the mixture in this
Petals pale, streaked with brown. Perhaps a species of Erùca. case does not keep good for more than two days."
False-Erucastrum. Pl. trailing.
“ To raise seed for flower of mustard and other officinal occa-
42 B. MONTA'NA (Raf. specch. 2. p. 69.) H. H. Native of sions, sow either in March or April, generally the black, or
Sicily on the Nebrodes. Shrubby ; leaves stalked, lyrately- occasionally the white, in an open compartment, or large sowings
pinnatifid, oblong, unequally toothed ; petioles compressed. in fields, where designed for public supply. Sow moderately
Perhaps the same as B. oleracea and B. crética, Tinea.
thick either in drills six or twelve inches asunder, or broad-cast,
Mountain Cabbage. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. ?
Clt. ? Pl. 2 feet. after the ground has been properly ploughed and harrowed, and
43 B. crispa (Raf. specch. 2. p. 69.) Þ. H. Native of rake or harrow in the seed. When the plants are two or three
Sicily on the Nebrodes. Shrubby ; leaves stalked, lyrately- inches high, hoe or thin them moderately, where too thick, and
pinnatifid, obovate, sinuated, curled, obtuse, smooth ; petioles clear them from weeds. They will soon run up to stalks, and
,
depressed. Racemes simple.
in July, August, or September, return a crop of seed ripe for
Curled Cabbage. Pl. 3 feet?
gathering ; being tied up into sheaves and left three or four days
44 B. MACROCA'RPA (Gusson, fl. sic. prod. ex Schlecht. Linnæa on the stubble. It is then stacked in the field. It is remarked
4. p. 34.) 8. H. Native of Sicily. Habit and leaves of B. that rain damages it. Black mustard is an exhausting crop, but
Baleárica, but the pod is almost as thick as a finger.
profitable when the soil answers, and especially in breaking up
Long-podded Cabbage. Pl. 2 feet.
rich loamy lands, as it comes off earlier than white mustard, and
Cult. The culture of the common esculent species and varie- allows time for preparing the soil for wheat. This plant is cul-
ties of this genus we have given under their proper species above, tivated to great extent in Durham. The seed of the black
the rest require only common culture. Those species natives mustard, like the charlock, is difficult to extirpate, for it will
of the warmer parts of the world, require shelter in the winter. remain in the ground if buried to the depth of 3 or 4 inches for
None of the species are worth cultivating for ornament.
ages without germinating until it is raised to the surface. The
black mustard is exclusively used for grinding into flower of
mustard, and the black husks of the seeds are separated by very
LXXXIV. SINA'PIS Couvati is said to be derived from the delicate machinery. The French either do not attempt or do
Celtic word nap, a designation for all plants resembling the not succeed in separating the husks, as their mustard when
turnip or cabbage). Tourn. inst. 227. Lin. gen. no. 821. brought to table is always black. It is, however, more pungent
Gært, fruct. 2. p. 299. t. 143. D. C. syst. 2. p. 607. prod. 1. than ours, because the quality resides chiefly in the husk. The
all merged in Brassica
constituents of mustard appear to be chiefly starch, mucous, a
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique rather terete, bland fixed oil, an acrid volatile oil, and an ammoniacal salt.
with nerved valves. Style small, short, acute. Seeds disposed Var. B, torulòsa (Pers. ench. 2. p. 207.) leaves broad, has-
in one row in each cell, subglobose. Calyx spreading. Herbs tately-lobed, upper ones ovate, repand ; silique torulose.
rarely suffrutescent, usually annual, branched, smooth, but Var. y, túrgida (Pers. ench. 2. p. 207.) leaves lobed, re-
usually pilose, sometimes their habit is referable to Brássica, pand, auriculate at the base ; pods turgid, veiny, appressed, with
sometimes to Sisymbrium. Leaves of various forms, lyrate, or a conical striated beak.
deeply toothed. Racemes terminal, bractless. Flowers yellow. Var. d, villosa (Merat. fl. par. p. 265.) lower leaves ovate,
Seeds of most of the species acrid, as in the white and black toothed, somewhat sinuated, smooth, upper ones lanceolate; pods
mustard. The English name mustard is a modernization of villous. O. H. Native of France. S. incàna, Thuil. A. par.
mustum ardens, hot must.
ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 343. but not of Lin.
p. 217.
-

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIV. SINAPIS.
249
-
(ok)
Var. ε, lævigàta (Burm. prod. fl. cap. p. 18.) leaves and lanceolate, deeply serrated, upper ones lanceolate, entire ;
stem smooth.
branches fascicled ; pods erectish, pointed by the awl-shaped
Black Mustard. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
.
style. O. H.
O. H. Native of China and Egypt. Cultivated ex-
2 S. GENICULA'TA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 98.) pods pubescent, stri- tensively in China and Cochin-China. Jacq. vind. t. 171. S.
ated, somewhat tetragonal, appressed to the rachis, each ter- brassicata, Lour. fl. coch. ed. Willd. 2. p. 485. S. nìgra of Forsk.
minated by a jointed mucrone ; lower leaves lyrate, upper ones ex Delil. ill. no. 604. Very like S. brassicàta, but the cauline
lanceolate. O. H. Native of Mauritania, in corn-fields. This leaves are not dilated into stem-clasping auricles at the base.
plant differs from S. nìgra, which it is very like, in the pods Rushy Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1782. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
being slenderer, and pubescent.
12 S. CHINE'NSIS (Lin. mant. 95.) leaves deeply pinnatifid ;
Jointed-podded Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl.1 to 2 ft. lobes toothed, with the nerves on the under surface rather hairy;
3 S. RETRÓRSA (Burch. cat. geogr. afr. austr. no. 4215.) pods pods erectish, acuminated with the style. 7. O. H. Native
smooth, spreading; leaves lyrately-pinnatifid; lower lobes in of China. Cultivated both in China and Cochin-China for the
the form of stipulas, and are, as well as the stem, pubescent sake of its seed, which is ground into Mustard, as well as being
from appressed and reflexed hairs. 8. H. Native of the Cape made into a sinapism. Stem furrowed slightly.—Ard. specim. 1.
of Good Hope. Stem erect, branched from the base, angular, p. 23. t. 10. Flowers very like those of S. júncea.
purplish. Very like S. nigra.
Chinese Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1782. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Bent-back-haired Mustard. Pl. 2 feet.
13 S. BRASSICA'TA (Lin. syst. nat. 3. p. 231.) smooth ; cauline
4 S. OLIVERIA'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 609.) pods smooth, leaves cordate, stem-clasping, oblong, nearly entire, lower ones
erectish ; leaves lyrately-pinnatifid; lobes acute, terminal lobe lyrately-pinnatifid ; siliques spreading, terminated by a conical
pinnatifid, in the upper ones linear. . H. Native of Persia, beak. O. H. Native of China. Habit of Brassica oleràcea,
between Teheran and Hispahan. Flowers white, the size of those glaucous. Perhaps the same as S. Chinensis of Lour.
of Ráphanus. Stem hispid at the base.
Brassica-like Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1801. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
Oliver's Mustard. Pl. 2 feet.
14 B. ceʼrnua (Thunb. fl. jap. 261.) smooth ; radical leaf rassie
5 S. LEPTOPE’TALA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 610.) pods smooth, lyraté, with the terminal lobe very large-ovate and deeply tooth-
spreading ; petals linear ; leaves runcinately-pinnatifid, hispid in ed; flowering branches drooping. O. H. Native of China,
the petiole ; young branches hispid. 2? G. Native of the and cultivated in Japan. Flowers terminal, racemose, white.
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow; petals hardly longer Stem branched at the top. The Japanese call this plant Taka-
than the calyx. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 87.
Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 87. Root thick, per- na; the ground seeds are used by them as mustard.
pendicular. Stem much branched.
Drooping-branched Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
Slender-petalled Mustard. Pl. 2 feet.
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
6 S. AMPLEXICAU'LIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 610.) pods smooth, 15 S. JAPO'NICA (Thunb. Al. jap. 262.) smooth ; leaves deeply
spreading, shorter than the pedicel ; leaves stem-clasping, ob- pinnatifid, with round angles ; pods erect, smooth. O.H. Na
long, almost entire. O.H. Native of Algiers, on hills. Si- tive of Japan. Flowers yellowish.
symbrium amplexicaule, Desf. atl. 2. p. 81. t. 153. Seeds small, Japan Mustard. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
rufescent, ovate-globose. Stem rather hairy at the base.
16 S. PUBE'SCENS (Lin. mant. 95.) leaves villously-pubescent,
Stem-clasping-leaved Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Pl. 1 foot. . lyrately-pinnate-parted, with the terminal lobe large and ovate;
pods hairy. 4.? H. Native of Sicily, Spain, and Naples.
Sect. II. CERATOSINA'PIS (from Kepas, keras, a horn, and oi- Arduin. specim. 1. p. 21. t. 9. Every part of the plant is covered
vari, sinapi, mustard ; pods) D. C. syst. 2. p. 611. prod. 1. with long soft villi. Pods erect, not torose.
p. 218. Silique crowned by a seedless conical beak.
Pubescent Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1789. Pl. 2 feet.
7 S. LANCEOLA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 611.) smooth; lower 17 S. CIRCINNA'TA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 96.) leaves velvety-pubes-
leaves rather lyrate; lower lobes small, tooth-like, terminal one cent, lyrately-pinnate-parted, terminal lobe large, circinnate. O.
large, and deeply toothed; upper leaves linear-lanceolate, entire. H. Native of Mauritania in corn-fields. This is very like the
-
O. H. Native of Santa Cruz, and Guadaloupe. Ráphanus lan- preceding species, and perhaps not distinct from it.
ceolàtus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 562. S. integrifolia, Vest. ex Willd.
.
Circinnate-leaved Mustard. Fl. June, July. Pl. 2 feet.
Lanceolate-leaved Mustard. Pl. 12 foot.
18 S. ARVE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 935.) pods smooth, many-angled,
8 S. LÆVIGA'TA (Lin: amon. 4. p. 281.) smooth; leaves torulose, thrice as long as the two-edged slender beak. O. H.
stalked, lyrately-pinnate-parted ; lobes acutely-toothed, terminal Native throughout the whole of Europe, a pest in corn-fields,
one large ovate; petioles not auricled at the base ; upper leaves abundant in ground newly disturbed. Oed. A. dan. t. 783,
linear, almost entire. O. H. Native of Spain, Portugal, and Curt. lond. t. 321. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1748. Schkuhr. handb.
Sicily. S. cérnua, Poir. dict. 4. p. 342. S. virgàta, Presl. del. 2. no. 1871. t. 186. There are several varieties of this plant.
prag. Erucastrum virgàtum and E. oleraceum, Presl. ex Spreng. Charlock is a common annual weed in corn-fields. The young
Silique 3-times longer than the pedicel.
plant is eaten in the spring as turnip-tops, and is considered not
Smoothed Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1769. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. inferior to that vegetable. The seeds of it have sometimes been
9 S. AURICULA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 611.) smooth ; petioles sold for feeding birds instead of rape ; but being hot in its nature,
auriculately stem-clasping at the base ; leaves sublyrate, some- it often renders them diseased.
what auricled ; upper leaves linear, almost entire. O. H. Na- Corn Mustard or Charlock. Fl. Ju. July. Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
tive of ? S. lævigàta, Poir. dict. 4. p. 344.
19 S. ORIENTA'Lis (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 280.) pods clothed with
Eared-leaved Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1800. Pl. 2 feet. . bent-back hairs, somewhat tetragonal, torulose, shorter than the
10 S. INTEGRIFOLIA (Willd. hort. berol. t. 14.) smooth ; slender beak. O. H. Native of the Levant, south and middle
leaves ovate-lanceolate, undivided, acutely-toothed; siliques Europe, in corn-fields. Schkuhr. handb. 1. p. 264. t. 186.
, .
erectish, torose, tipped by the awl-shaped style. O.H. Native Pods hispid, but nevertheless the beak is smooth. The specimen
of the East Indies and China. This plant is perhaps not suffi- in the Linnean herbarium has the pods evidently furrowed.
ciently distinct from the following.
Oriental Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1778. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Entire-leaved Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. Pl.1to 2 ft. 20 S. TIMORIA'NA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 616.) pods smooth,
11 S. JU'NCEA (Lin. spec. 934.) smooth ; lower leaves ovate- many-angled, torulose, 4 times longer than the slender beak;
VOL. 1.- PART III.
Kk

250
CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIV. SINAPIS.
7.
stem and leaves smooth. O. H. Native of the island of Ti- on the nerves. f. H. Native of Spain among rubbish about
mor. Deless, icon. sel. 2. t. 88. This plant is very like S. Madrid. Hirschféldia infléxa, Presl. ex Spreng.
arvensis, but the whole herb is smooth, not hispid.
Variable-leaved Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1822. Pl. 14 ft.
Timor Mustard. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1} foot.
21 S. Tau'rICA (Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1812. p. 51.) pods
smooth, tetragonal, with 3-nerved valves, twice the length of Sect. IV. LEUCOSINA'PIS "(from levkos, leucos, white, and oiva-
the 2-edged conical beak. 0. H. Native of the south of til, sinapi, mustard, that is to say, White Mustard.) D. C. syst.
Tauria on dry mountains. Herb branched, diffuse. Leaves ob- 2. p. 619. prod. 1. p. 220. Siliques hispid or smooth, crowned
long, smooth, toothed ; lower ones deeply lobed.
by an ensiform beak, with the valves rather torulose. This
Taurian Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. section ought probably to be joined with Erùca, or perhaps
22 S. SUB-BIPINNATIFIDA (Lag. cat. hort. madr. 1816. p. 20.) rather to form a distinct genus both from Erùca and Sinàpis
.
pods smooth, somewhat tetragonal, 6 times longer than the some- 29 S. A'LBA (Lin. spec. 933.) pods hispid, spreading, rather
what conical beak; leaves pinnate-parted, with unequal lobes, narrower than the ensiform beak; leaves lyrate, and are, as well
larger ones oblong and deeply-cut. 0. H. Native of Spain, as the stem, smoothish. O. H. Native of the south of Europe,
particularly in the mountains of Leon. Stem beset with bent- viz. Spain, Portugal, Sicily, Switzerland, south of Germany,
back hairs at the base. This species ought to form a distinct Transylvania and Greece. In Britain in cultivated as well as
section. Beak of pod long, usually with one seed at its base. waste ground, and by road-sides. Mart. rust. t. 70. Curt. lond.
Sub-bipinnatifid-leaved Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. 5. t. 46. Smith engl. bot. 1677. Schkuhr. hand. 2. t. 186. Bo-
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
nánnia officinalis, Presl. ex Spreng. Seeds large, pale. It is called
23 S. KA'BER (D. C. hort. monsp. 1808. syst. 2. p. 617.) in French, Moutarde blanche, Navette d'été, or Graine de Beurre.
pods smooth, terete, double the length of the conical beak, with There is an esculent oil obtained from the seeds of this plant.
smooth valves. O.H. Native of Persia. Stem erect, simple,
White Mustard. Senévé (Fr.). Senf (Germ.). Senapa (Ital.) It
more or less pubescent. Leaves smooth, oblong, cut, with the is cultivated chiefly as a small salad, and is used like cresses, while
incisures deeply and regularly serrated. Kaber is probably the in the seed-leaf; when these are newly expanded they are mild
Persian name of the plant.
and tender; but when the plants have advanced into the rough
Kaber or Persian Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt.? Pl. 1 foot. leaves, they eat rank and disagreeable. The seeds are yellow,
24 S. ALLIÒNII (Jacq. vind. 2. t. 168.) pods smooth, ovate- and are, as well as the flower, much larger than those of Sinàpis
oblong, scarcely longer than the conical beak, with even valves. nigra. The seeds have an acrid bitterish taste, and a pungent
O. H. Native of Egypt, very common in flax-fields. Delil. smell when reduced to powder; they impart their taste and smell
A. egyp. p. 102. t. 35. f. 1. Raphanus erucoides, Lin. fil. suppl. to water, whilst rectified spirits extracts extremely little of either;
299. Leaves smooth, pinnatifid, or cut down to the mid-rib; the whole of the pungency arises with water in distillation.
lobes entire or toothed. This plant differs from S. túrgida in Committed to the press they yield a considerable quantity of
the pods being even, not nerved, and from S. Kaber in the valves bland insipid oil, perfectly void of acrimony; the cake left after
of the pod being one-half shorter, and from both in the pedi- the expression is more pungent than the mustard itself.
cels being longer, and in the style being more slender.
White-mustard seed is swallowed entire to the quantity of a
Allioni's Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1789. Pl. 2 feet. table-spoonful or more, to stimulate the stomach in some cases
25 S. TUẤRGIDA (Delile, ill. fl. egypt. no. 606.) pods smooth, of dyspepsia, and to excite the peristaltic motion of the intes-
ovate, with reticulately-nerved valves; the pods about equal in tines, especially when they are torpid, as in paralysis. The
length to the conical beak. O. H. Native of Egypt. Rá-
O. H. Native of Egypt. Rá- powder of the Black and White Mustard made into a paste, with
phanus túrgidus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 209. Leaves pinnatifid, not water, is commonly used as a condiment with animal food; infused
truly pinnate-parted. This plant is usually confused with s.
S. with water it proves emetic, when taken in considerable doses, and
Alliðnii in gardens, but differs in the pedicels not being longer in smaller ones acts as a diuretic and aperient; but is more fre-
than the calyx, as well as in the valves of pod being nerved. quently applied externally, as a topical stimulus, made into a
Turgid Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 2 feet. paste, or sinapism, with vinegar and bread-crumb, which may
be made stronger by adding a little scraped Horse-radish root.
Sect. III. HIRSCHFE'LDIA (Hirschfeld, evidently the name of
Culture. For spring or summer consumption of the young
some botanist.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 618. prod. 1. p. 220. Siliques plants, sow once a week or fortnight, in dry warm situations, in
terete, 2-celled ; cells usually 4-seeded, crowned by an ovate, 1. February and March ; and afterwards in any other compart-
seeded, indehiscent beak.
ment. “ In summer sow in shady borders, if it be hot sunny
26 S. INCA'NA (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 281. spec. 934.) pods smooth, weather, or have the bed shaded.
weather, or have the bed shaded. Generally sow in shallow, flat
appressed to the rachis, somewhat torulose ; stem branched, drills, from three to six inches apart. Scatter the seed thick and
scabrous below ; leaves lyrate, scabrous. 3. H. Native of regular, and cover it thinly with earth, about a quarter of an
the south of Europe. Jacq. vind. t. 169, Myàgrum Hispáni- inch. To furnish gatherings in winter, or early in spring, sow
cum, Lin. spec. 893. Hirschféldia adpréssa, Monch. meth. 264. in frames, or under hand-glasses ; and when the weather is
Cakìle Hispánica, Lher. diss. cak. ined. p. 7. Cordylocárpus frosty, or very cold, in hot-beds and stoves, as directed for Cress.”
pubescens, Smith, prod. fl. græc.
For the sake of seed either sow a portion in March or April to
Hoary Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1771. Pl. 1 to 3 feet. stand for that purpose; or, for small supplies, leave some rows
27 S. Panormita'NA (Spreng. syst. append. 8. p. 244.) pods of the spring sowing, grown too large for salads; they will ripen
smooth, torose, appressed, longer than the beak; stem branch- seed in autumn. In Kent, White Mustard is cultivated for the
ed, hispid at the base ; leaves stalked, lanceolate, toothletted, use of the seedsmen in London. In the tillage, the ploughed
scabrous. O. H. Native of Sicily near Palermo. Hirsch- land is harrowed over, and then furrows are stricken about
féldia integrifolia, Presl. ex Spreng. I. c.
eleven or twelve inches apart, sowing the seeds in the proportion
Palermo Mustard. Fl. June, July. Pl. 2 feet.
of about two or three gallons per acre, in March. The crop is
28 S. HETEROPHY’LLA (Lag. cat. hort. madr. 1816.) pods afterwards hoed, and kept free from weeds.
pubescent, appressed to the rachis, somewhat torose; stem White Mustard. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
branched, hispid at the base ; leaves lyrately-pinnatifid, hispid 30 S. HÍsPIDA (Schousb. moroc. p. 182. t. 4.) pods hispid,
2.
p. 33.

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXIV. SINAPIS. LXXXV. MORICANDIA.
251
vant.
spreading, narrower than the ensiform beak; leaves lyrate, sca- brous on the nerves and margins; stem hispid at the base.
brous; stem beset with bent-back stiff hairs. O. H. Native O. H. Native of? Stem furrowed. Flowers large, yellow.
• of Morocco, Teneriffe, Portugal, &c., in mountainous places, Polymorphous Mustard. Pl. 2 feet.
about the edges of fields. S. flexuosa, Lam. dict. 4. p. 341. 39 S. PROCU’MBENS (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 12.) stem procumbent;
This plant is very like S. álba, but is easily distinguished from it radical leaves lyrately-pinnate, expanded, nearly smooth, upper
in the stem being beset with retrograde hairs, not smooth. cauline ones simple, stalked ; lower pedicels very long, capil-
Hispid Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. Pl. 2 feet. lary. O. H. Native of Mauritania, in sandy fields. Flowers
31 S. DISSE'CTA (Lag. cat. hort. madr. 1816. p. 20.) pods pale yellow. Leaves like those of Brássica fruticulòsa. Stem
rather erect, torulose, rather shorter than the ensiform beak; simple, weak, smooth. Silique unknown.
,
leaves pinnate-parted; lobes narrow, deeply toothed, or pinna- Procumbent Mustard. Pl. procumbent.
tifid. 0. H. Native of Spain, in fields of flax. Bonànnia 40 S. NUDICAU’LIS (Lag. cat. hort. madr. 1816. p. 20.) scape
dissécta, Presl. ex Spreng. Stem with a few retrograde hairs. naked; radical leaves hispid, pinnatifid ; siliques erect, smooth,
Pods smooth, but sometimes scabrous on the nerves.
longer than the awl-shaped beak. 4. H.
2. H. Native of the south
Var. a, siliques smooth.
of Spain, in mountainous places, by way-sides. Sufficiently dis-
Var. B, siliques rather hispid.
tinct from all the others.
Dissected-leaved Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. Naked-stemmed Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 foot.
1 to 12 foot.
|| 41 S. MesopotaʼMICA (Spreng in Schrad. journ. 4. p. 199.)
32 S. HASTA'TA (Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 2. p. 151.) pods siliques somewhat tetragonal, terminating in a point; leaves
erectish, smooth, linear, torulose, longer than the ensiform beak; lyrate, hispid. 0. H. Native of Syria.
leaves smooth, pinnate-lobed ; lobes lanceolate. O. H. Native Mesopotamia Mustard. Pl. 1 foot.
of New Holland. Perhaps a separate section.
Hastate-leaved Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl.
of Species only known by name, from Roxburgh's Hortus Ben-
1 to 2 feet.
33 S. FOLIÒSA (Willd. enum. 688.) beak of pod compressed,
galensis, p. 74.
very scabrous, longer than the pod, which is also hispid, leaves 1 S. dichotoma. Native of Bengal, where it is called Surisha,
lyrate, repandly-angular, smooth. O. H. Native of the Le- or Surshupa.
Stem simple, beset with long bent-back hairs. Terminal 2 S. glaúca. Native of Bengal, where it is called Shweetrace.
lobe of the leaf hardly larger than the lateral ones.
3 s. ramòsa. Native of Bengal, where it is called Joony-race,
Leafy Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
.
or Rajika.
34 S. A'PULA (Tenore app. prim. cat. hort. nap. p. 60.) pods 4 S. trilocularis. Native of Nepaul.
even, smooth, spreading; style oblong, compressed ; leaves run- 5 S. cuneifolia Native of Thibet.
cinately-pinnatifid, smooth ; segments all lanceolate, toothed and 6 S. erysimożdes. Native of Malabar.
acute. O. H. Native of Naples, in Abruzzo, in corn-fields. 7 S. divaricata. Native of Bengal, where it is called Bun-
Apulian Mustard. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 to 11 ft.
race.
8 S. pàtens. Native of the East Indies, where it is called
Sect. V. DISA'CCIUM, (from dis, dis, double, oakklov, saccion, Beel-race.
a little sack; calyx bisaccate at the base.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 9 S. pusilla. Native of Coromandel.
623. prod. 1. p. 220.
. Calyx half-spreading, bisaccate at the 10 S. prostràta. Native of China.
base. Stigma capitate. Perhaps this section is sufficient to Cult. The species of this genus
will
grow
circum-
constitute a distinct genus.
stances. They are mostly annuals, and require common treat-
35 S. FRUTE'SCENS (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 404. ed. ment. S. frutéscens and S. angustifolia, will grow well in a
2. vol. 4. p. 127.) calyx bisaccate at the base ; leaves coria-
. .
mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and ripened cuttings of them
ceous, lower ones oblong-lanceolate, tapering to the base, some- will strike root freely if planted under a hand-glass, or they may
what toothed, upper ones lanceolate, entire. h. G. Native of be increased by seeds. None of the species are worth cultivat-
Madeira, among the rocks near Curral das Freiras. Hook. bot. ing, except in general collections, or in botanic gardens.
misc. 2. p. 119. t. 28. Hésperis diffusa, Spreng. syst. 24. Stem
branched, twisted, and is, as well as the leaves, smooth. Flow- LXXXV. MORICA'NDIA (in honour of Stephan Moricand,
ers about the size of those of Cheiranthus versícolor, of a pale an Italian botanist, author of Flora Venetæ). D. C. syst. 2.
yellow colour. Pods erect, smooth.
p. 626. prod. 1. p. 221.
.
Shrubby Mustard. Fl. Ju. Dec. Clt. 1777. Shrub, 2 feet. LIN. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa.
SYST
Siliquosa. Silique tetragonal,
36 S. ANGUSTIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 220.) calyx bisac- somewhat 2-edged. Seeds disposed in two rows in each cell ;
cate at the base; leaves linear, entire. . G. Native of Ma- they are ovate, small, and a little margined. Annual or biennial
deira. Brássica frutéscens, Sol. in herb. Banks. Flowers about - herbs, rather ligneous at the base, smooth, rather glaucous.
the size of those of the preceding.
Stem round, whitish, erect, branched. Leaves thickish. Ra-
Narrow-leaved Shrubby Mustard. Fl. Ju. Dec. Shrub, 1 ft. cemes terminal, loose; pedicels filiform, bractless, erect. Flowers
† Species not sufficiently known.
large, beautiful purplish.
i M. ARVE'NSIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 626.) pods somewhat te-
37 S. PEKINE'NSIS (Lour. fl. coch. ed. Willd. 2. p. 485.) tragonal; cauline leaves cordate, stem-clasping, quite entire.
siliques linear, smooth, compressed; leaves obovate, entire, curled; 1. H. Native of the south of Europe in humid gravelly places,
petioles flattish, broad. O.H. Native of China, about Pekin, Spain, Algiers, Greece, Naples, Piedmont, Provence, &c. Brás-
and where it is cultivated. Perhaps the same as S. Chinensis sica arvensis, Lin, mant. 95. Smith, fl. græc. t. 644. B. pur-
brassicàta, or júncea. Leaves entire, runcinately serrated. pùrea, Mill. dict. no. 6. B. perfoliàta, var. B. Lam. fl. fr. 2.
Pekin Mustard. Pl. 2 feet.
487. Turritis arvensis, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4.
38 S. POLYMO'RPHA (Geners, in Schult. obs. no. 1021.) si- p. 108.--Bocc. sic. p. 49. t. 25. f. 3. Flowers beautiful, vio-
liques spreading, smooth, crowned by a somewhat tetragonal
compressed beak; leaves lyrately-pinnatifid, smooth, but sca- Var. B, Brássica suffruticosa (Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 94.). Native
under any
a
а
p.
jaceous.
Kk 2

252
. CRUCIFERÆ.
. LXXXV. MORICANDIA. LXXXVI. DIPLOTAXIS.
of Spain and Mauritania on dry hills. Stem ligneous at the sessile ; leaves obovate, coarsely toothed, hispid. O. H. Native
base. Crántzia frutéscens, Lag. fl. hisp. ined.
of Egypt near Cairo. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 89. Sinapis Hara,
Corn-field Moricandia. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1739. Pl. 1 ft. Forsk. ægyp. descr. 118. Sisymbrium híspidum, Vahl. symb.
2 M. HESPERIDIFLO'RA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 627.) siliques com- 2. p. 77.
77. S. Ægyptium, Juss. herb. Stem branched, leafy at
pressed, with flat valves, with a nerve running through the mid- the base, and beset with long, stiff, white hairs, but rather naked
dle ; cauline leaves ovate oblong, sinuately toothed. O. H. and smooth at the apex. Flowers yellow, middle-sized, erect.
;
Native of Egypt, frequent in valleys about Cairo, and at the Var. B, subglabra (D. C. 1. c.). Native near Damascus, on
ruins of Qouhbah and Mataryeh. Hésperis àcris, Forsk. fl. a mountain called Dgebel-cher. Plant almost smooth.
ægypt. arab. descrip. p. 118. Delil. ægypt. desc. p. 103. t. 35.
p
Hispid Sand-Mustard. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. i to 1 ft.
f. 2. Flowers of a dirty-purplish colour. Stem branched,
rather angular at the base.
Sect. II. ANOCA'RPUM (from avw, ano, upwards, and kapos,
Hesperis-flowered Moricandia. Pl. 1 to 11 foot.
karpos, a fruit ; because of the pods being erect, not pendulous,
3 M. TERETIFOʻLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 628.) siliques compressed, as in the preceding section). D. C. syst. 2. p. 630. prod. 1.
with 'nerveless valves; leaves multifid, with filiform lobes. p. 222. Style conical, compressed, containing 1 or 2 seeds, or
O. H, Native of the north of Africa about Cafsa, and in it is sometimes empty, terminated by a 2-lobed stigma. Siliques
Egypt about the Saqqarah Pyramids. Brassica teretifolia, Desf. erect, sessile, rarely stalked.
fl. atl. 2. p. 94. t. 164. Habit of plant and shape of leaves 5 D. ERUCOI'DES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 631.) siliques sessile,
nearly like that of Erucària Aléppica. Flowers violaceous, erectish ; style ensiform ; leaves sessile, runcinately-lyrate,
about the size of those of M. arvensis.
toothed. O. H. Native of Spain, Sicily, Algiers, Mogodor,
Terete-leaved Moricandia. Fl. Dec. Pl. 1 foot.
by way-sides, in vineyards and olive-grounds. Sinapis erucoides,
Cult. These beautiful plants deserve to be cultivated in every Lin. amon. 4. p. 322, Jacq. vind. t. 170. Sisymbrium eru-
collection ; the seeds only require to be sown in the open ground coìdes, Desf. atl. 2. p. 83. Stem branched, rather angular and
early in the spring in a warm dry situation, in light soil. If scabrous. Petals white, large, very blunt, purplish at the claws.
kept in pots, as greenhouse plants they will endure several years, Seeds pale, very small.
although said to be annuals ; in this state they will flower very
Eruca-like Sand-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1736. Pl. 1.
early in the spring. They are all propagated by seeds or cuttings. to li foot.
6 D. VIRGA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 631.) pods sessile, erectish,
LXXXVI. DIPLOTA’XIS (from dialooc, diploos, double, and
crowned by an ensiform style; leaves stalked, pinnatifid, with
Tačic, taxis, a series ; because of the seeds being disposed in two
blunt toothed lobes. O. H. Native of Spain, very common
rows in each cell). D. C. syst. 2. p. 628. prod. 1. p. 221.
about Madrid and Tudela and elsewhere, in waste places. Si-
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquòsa. Silique compressed, napis virgàta, Cav. præl. ex. Lag. Stems ascendant at the base,
linear. Seeds ovate, disposed in two rows in each cell. (f. 47.g.)
and beset with stiff bristles, but becoming gradually smooth
Calyx equal at the base. Erect, branched, smcoth, or hispid
towards the top. It differs from the preceding plant in the
herbs. Leaves of various shapes, all rather fleshy. Racemes
flowers being yellow, as well as in the leaves being stalked.
elongated; pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow, seldom Whip Sand-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. 3 to 4 ft.
white. Calyx usually covered with soft pubescence.
7 D. CATHO'LICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 632.) siliques sessile,
erectish, crowned by a rather terete style, which contains 1 or
Sect. I. CATOCA'RPUM (from katw, 'kato, downwards, and 2 seeds at its base ; leaves pinnate-parted, with dissected lobes
Kaptos, karpos, a fruit ; because the pods are pendulous.) D. C. and linear segments, which are sinuately toothed. O. H. Na-
syst. 2. p. 629. prod. 1. p. 221. Style almost wanting. Stigmative of Portugal about Lisbon and Coimbra, of Spain about
p
2-lobed, almost sessile. Siliques pendulous, sessile, but usually Madrid, by way-sides and in waste places. Sisymbrium catholi-
stalked.
cum, Lin. mant. p. 93. Sinapis Hispánica, Lag. fl. hisp. ined.
,
1 D. CRASSIFOʻLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 629.) pods pendulous, Stems numerous, rather procumbent, glaucous, almost smooth.
stalked ; leaves toothed, nearly all smooth. O. H. Native of Petals yellow, with their claws shorter than the calyx. Style
Sicily about St. Cataldo and Delia. (Raf.) Sinapis crassifolia, rarely seedless. Seeds small, brown.
Raf. car. nov. gen. p. 78. no. 192. Stem rather hispid towards Universal Sand-Mustard. Fl. Ap. June. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 ft.
the base, sparingly branched. Flowers yellow ; petals double 8 D. TENUIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 632.) pods on short pedi-
the length of the calyx. Seeds pale brown, small.
cels, erect, crowned by a short, seedless style; upper leaves
Thick-leaved Sand-Mustard. F1, June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. entire, lower ones pinnate-parted, with linear, entire, or pinna-
3 to 4 feet.
tifid lobes. 2. H. Native throughout Europe from Britain
2 D. LAGASCA'NA (D.C. syst. 2. p. 629.) siliques pendulous, to Turkey, in gravelly, stony, waste places. In Britain on old
stalked ; leaves pinnate-parted, piliferous, with a few distant walls and heaps of rubbish, plentiful about London, Windsor,
linear lobes. 0. H. Native of Spain on moist rocks as well Chester, Yarmouth, and other old towns. Sisymbrium tenui-
as in dry sandy places in the mountains, frequent about Alona, fòlium, Lin. spec. 917. Bull. "herb. t. 335. Smith, engl. bot.
&c. Sisymbrium péndulum, Lag. in litt. Stem slender, pilose at 525. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1894. Brassica muralis, Huds.
the base. Flowers yellow.
ang. 290. Sisymbrium sylvestre, Burm. prod. A. cap. 17. S.
Lagasca's Sand-Mustard. Pl. 1 foot.
acre, Lam. A. fr. 2. p. 250. Erùca tenuifòlia, Moench, meth.
3 Ď. PE'NDULA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 630.) siliques pendulous, 357. Erýsimum tenuifolium, Clairv. herb. val. 220. Sinapis
stalked ; cauline leaves oblong, hispid, coarsely toothed. O.?H. tenuifòlia, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 128.
. 4
.
128. Herb
Native of the north of Africa in the sand near Cafsa. Stem smooth all over. Calyx smooth, or only pilose at the top.
pilose at the base but smooth at the top. Leaves 2-3 inches Petals twice as long as calyx, yellow.
long. Flowers yellow; petals longer than the calyx. Sisym-
Fine-leaved or Narrow-leaved Wall-Mustard or Wall-Rocket.
brium péndulum, Desf. fl. atl. 2. p. 82. t. 156.
.
Fl. June, Oct. Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Pendulous-podded Sand-Mustard. Fl. Dec. Feb. March. 9 D. MURA'LIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 634.) pods sessile, erect,
Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
crowned by a rather filiform, short style ; radical leaves toothed
4 D. HI'SPIDA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 630.) siliques pendulous, or lyrate, smooth. Stems almost naked, ascendant. O. H.

CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXVI. DIPLOTAXIS.
253
LXXXVII. ERUCA.
spec. 918.
Native of gravelly or sandy waste places in France, Italy, Ger- 16 D. seto'sa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 699.) 4. H. Native of the
SETO'SA
many, Austria, Transylvania, and Britain. In Britain in sandy
In Britain in sandy Pyrenees. Turrìtis setosa, Lapeyr. abr. suppl. 93. Root per-
barren ground near the sea, common throughout the isle of pendicular. Radical leaves numerous, erect, runcinate, others
,
Thanet, particularly about Ramsgate ; and below Bristol. Sisym- profoundly toothed, and others pinnatifid. Stem naked. Flowers
brium murale, Lin.
Smith, engl. bot. t. 1090. capitate, crowded. Calyx erect, closed, purplish. Petals yel-
Schkuhr. handh. 2. no. 1988. t. 187. A rabis Canadensis, Mill.
A'rabis Canadensis, Mill. low, narrow, with long claws, nevertheless they are shorter than
dict. no. 6. Erùca decumbens, Moench. meth. 257. Sinapis the stamens.
the stamens. Pods long, terete, smooth, truncate. The whole
muràlis, R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 128. A very plant is clothed with white bristles, intermixed with white hairs.
variable plant in habit. Flowers smaller and paler yellow than Bristly Sand-Mustard. Pl. 1 foot.
those of D. tenuifolia.
Cult. None of these plants are worth cultivating except in
Var.B ; lobes of leaves more profoundly and more acutely general collections. The perennial species can be increased by
toothed. Sisymbrium erucastrum, Gouan. ill. p. 42. t. 20. dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. The seeds of the
Var. y, minor (D. C. syst. 2. p. 634.) lobes of leaves blunt
7
annual and biennial kinds only require to be sown in the open
and more profound. Sisymbrium Barrelieri, Thuil. fl. par. ed. ground. They will all grow under any circumstances.
2. vol. 1. p. 334.
Var. d, pygmæum (D. C. 1. c.) Sisymbrium Monénse, Thuil. LXXXVII, ERU CA (said to be from uro, to burn; because the
fl. par. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 333.
seeds have an acrid burning taste, and when applied to the skin
Wall or Sand-Mustard. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. Pl. 1 ft. occasion blisters.) Tourn. inst. 227. t. 111. D. C. syst. 2. p.
10 D. BARRELIE'RI (D. C. syst. 2. p. 634.) pods sessile, erect, 636. prod. 1. p. 223.-Euzòmum, Link. enum. 2. p. 174.
crowned by a short, somewhat filiform style ; radical leaves run- LIN. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique terete, crowned
cinate, toothed, hispid ; stem naked, erect, smooth at the top. by a large ensiform or conical style. Seeds globose, disposed in
O. H. Native of Spain about Madrid, and perhaps of Italy. a single row in each cell. Calyx erect, equal at the base. An-
Sisymbrium Barrelièri, Lin. spec. 919.—Barrel. obs. p. 44. t.
-
t nual erect branching herbs, with pinnate-lobed leaves, erect ter-
1016. Stem branched. Leaves rosulate. Flowers yellow, but minal racemes of flowers, which are white or yellow, and beauti-
when dry whitish.
fully reticulated with brown veins.
Barrelier's Sand-Mustard. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1770. Pl. 1 ft. i E. SATIVA (Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 496.) leaves lyrately-pinna-
11 D. SCAPO'SA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 635.) pods sessile, erect, tifid, with toothed acute lobes; stem hairy ; pedicels shorter
crowned by a short somewhat filiform style ; radical leaves than the deciduous calyx. O. H. Native of cultivated fields
smooth, oblong, pinnatifid, with short entire lobes ; stems naked, and by way-sides in the north of Africa, Spain, Portugal, France,
very short. O? H,
H.
Native of the island Lampedosa.
A
Switzerland, Italy, and Greece. E. foe'tida, Moench. meth. 256.
small, smooth, many-stemmed herb. Scapes sometimes shorter, E. grandiflora, Cav. præl. p. 426. Sinapis Erùca, Clairv. herb.
sometimes longer than the leaves. Calyx smooth. Petals obo- val. 220. Brássica Erùca, Lin. spec. 932. Smith, Al. græc. t.
vate, yellow. Seeds small, orbicular.
646 and t. 647.—Lob. icon. 204. f. 1.-Chabr. sciagr. 276. f.
Scape-stemmed Sand-Mustard. Pl. A foot.
A very polymorphous plant; it is sometimes smooth, some-
12 D. VIMI'NEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 635.) pods sessile, erect; times hairy, from 3 inches in height to 2 feet, and the flowers are
style short, filiform ; radical leaves lyrate, very blunt, smooth ; very variable in colour. Perhaps numerous species are con-
stem naked, somewhat decumbent. O.H. Native of vineyards, fused under the head of varieties. The whole herb is acrid to
cultivated, and sandy places ; in France about Paris, Dauphiny, the taste, and has a strong disagreeable smell when bruised.
Montpelier, Provence ; Italy, Naples, and Sicily about Agri- The seeds are very acrid, and blister when bruised and applied
gentum. Sisymbrium vimíneum, Lin. spec. 919.
919. S. pùmilum, to the skin ; they are also reckoned sialagogue and aphrodisiacal.
Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 516. S. vineale, Gat. fl. mont. 120.—Bocc. Var. a; flowers white; pods smooth. Brássica Erùca, Blackw.
sic. 19. t. 10. A small, smooth herb, like D. murale. Flowers herb. 242.
small, yellow,-Mor. Oxon. 2. p. 229. no. 8. sect. 3. t.5. f. 8. Var. ß; flowers white; pods pilose.
Twiggy Sand-Mustard. Fl. May, July. Clt.? Pl. decumb. Var. y; flowers yellow ; pods smooth. Brássica Erùca, Bull.
13 D. SAXA'TILIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 636.) pods erect, sessile,
herb. t. 313. Schkuhr. handb. 2, no. 1870. t. 186.
tapering to the base; style short, conical; radical leaves pinnate- Var. d; flowers yellow ; pods pilose. Brássica Erùca, Var. ß.
lobed, thickish, with entire lobes; stems almost naked, erect. Smith. fl. græc. t. 646, and 647.
4. H. Native of Spain, Piedmont, and Tauria on rocks. Si- Var. ε; flowers pále; pods smooth and turgid. Bràssica
symbrium Monénse, Lin. spec. ed. 2. p. 918. but not of his first túrgida, Pers. ench. 2. p. 207.
edition. S. saxatile, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 517.
S.
S. repandum, Poir. Var. $ ; stem smooth ; pods hispid. Brassica erucoides, Horn.
dict. 7. p. 209. S. Monénse, var. Gerardi, Smith, in Rees' hort. hafn. 2. p. 621.
cyclop. S. murale and S. vimíneum, Bieb. fl
. taur. ex suppl. Var.n; stem and pods smooth. Sinapis exótica. Hort.
p. 439. S. Valentinum, Juss. herb. Root thick. Stem either Garden Rocket (Eng.) Roquette cultivée. La Rocket des Jar-
naked or leafy at the base. Calyx smooth. Flowers yellow. dins (Fr.). Raukette (Germ.) Ruccola (Ital.).
Rock Sand-Mustard. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Pl. I to ft. This plant has been known in Britain since 1573. When in
14 D. RAMOSISSIMA (Spreng. neu. entd. 3. p. 52.) pods erect, flower, in July, it has a strong peculiar smell, almost fetid.
crowned by a short, terete style ; leaves all lanceolate, elongated, This plant is now neglected in Britain, but is still in use in
and nearly sessile, quite smooth and quite entire. 2. H. Na- several places on the continent, where the leaves and tender
tive of? Siliques terete, on long stalks.
stalks are used as salad ingredients, and form an agreeable addi-
Much-branched Sand-Mustard. Pl. 1 foot.
tion to Mustard and Cress early in spring. The seeds should
15 D. sI'MPLEX (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 914.) stem almost naked, be sown in a warm border, early in February, and again in
smooth; radical leaves oblong-linear, remotely toothed ; cauline March and April, for successive crops. Thin the plants after
leaves few, linear, entire ; beak of pod filiform, crowned by a they have produced the first rough leaves, to 3 or 4 inches
capitate stigma. O. H. Native of the north of Africa. Sisym-
Sisým- apart, and keep them clear of weeds. If a supply is desired
brium símplex, Viv. fl. lyb. Flowers yellow.
throughout the year, monthly sowings may be made. They will
Simple-stemmed Sand-Mustard. P. 1 foot.
produce abundance of seed in August : for this purpose allow a
-

254 CRUCIFERÆ. LXXXVII. Eruca. LXXXVIII. VELLA. LXXXIX. BOLEUM. XC. CARRICHTERA. XCI. Succowia.
few of the strongest plants of the spring sowing to come into at the end of the silicle. A suffruticose, erect, branched plant,
flower. Any of the above varieties will answer.
hispid from stiff hairs. Leaves alternate, oblong, linear ; lower
Garden, or Cultivated Rocket. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1573. ones somewhat divided. Racemes erect, elongated; pedicels
Pl. rambling, either erect or prostrate, from 1 to 2 feet high. very short, lower ones bracteate. Flowers yellow, and are as
2 E. HÍSPIDA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 638.) leaves lyrately-pinnate- well as the pods erect.
well as the pods erect. Perhaps not sufficiently distinct from
parted, with toothed lobes, of which the terminal one is very vélla,
blunt; stem hispid ; pedicels longer than the deciduous calyx. 1 B. AʼSPERUM (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 163 and 175. t. 6.)
O. H. Native of Naples, in the fields of Lucania. Brássica K. H. Native of Spain in rugged places; in Arragon between
híspida, Tenor.cat. app. hort. nap. p. 59. Stem beset with long, Villa Franca and Lerida ; in Granada on mount Sierra Nevada.
stiff, spreading hairs. Flowers white, veined with brown. Vélla áspera, Pers. ench. 2. p. 185. Stems twisted. Petals
Hispid Garden Rocket. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Pl. cream-coloured or whitish. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell.
1 to 1 foot.
Rough Boleum. Fl. April, May. Pl. į to 1 foot.
3 E. VESICA'RIA (Cav. ex Lag. D. C. syst. 2. p. 638.) leaves Cult. This pretty little shrub will answer well for ornament-
pinnatifid, with acute almost entire lobes ; stem hairy ; calyx ing rock-work. Cuttings will root freely if planted under a
permanent, somewhat bladdery. O. H. Native of Spain, in
O. H. Native of Spain, in hand-glass, but if it ripen seed freely, this will be unnecessary.
corn-fields, and on the tops of the mountains of Leon. The
leaves are more elongated than in E. sativa, and the terminal
XC. CARRICHTERA (probably without meaning.) D. C.
lobe is hardly larger than the lateral ones.
syst. 2. p. 641. prod. 1. p. 224.
Var. a, albiflora (D. C. 1. c.) flowers white, lined with black. Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Stamens all free. Style
Brássica vesicària, Asso. syn. arrag. 88. t. 4. Native of Syria,
ovate, flat, leafy (f. 47.c.). An annual erect, branched, smooth,
about Aleppo, and of Spain, in Arragon.
or somewhat hairy herb. Stems round. Leaves pinnate-parted,
Var. B, flaviflora (D. C. 1. c.) flowers yellow, lined with with linear toothed or deeply pinnatifid lobes. Racemes opposite
black. Brassica vesicària, Lin. spec. 933.
Native nearly
the leaves, erect, elongated; pedicels bractless, filiform. Flowers
throughout the whole of Spain, in corn-fields.
small, cream-coloured, streaked with purple. Pods pendulous
Bladdery-calyxed Garden Rocket. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820.
from the inflexed pedicels.
Pl. į to 1 foot.
1 C. vE'LLÆ (Õ. C. syst. 2. p. 642.) O. H. Native in
Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in
sandy and waste fields, and along way and wall sides, in Spain,
the open border, and the plants afterwards treated as other hardy
Balearic Islands, Mauritania, Sicily, Greece, and Syria. It is
annuals.
also said to have been found in England on Salisbury plains near
Tribe XIII.
Stonehenge, but it has never been met with since. Vélla ánnua,
Lin. spec. 895. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 886. t. 141. Lam. ill. t. 555.
VEʼLLEÆ (plants agreeing with Vélla in important cha-
f. 1. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1442. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1759. t.
racters) or ORTHOPLO‘CEÆ (see sub-order III.) LATI-
178. Seeds 4 in each cell. M. De Candolle remarks, that
SEPTÆ (from latus, broad, and septum, a partition; dissepi-
the seeds become covered with a glutinous exudation on being
ment broad,) D. C. syst. 2. p. 639. prod. 1. p. 223. Silicle
immersed in warm water.
The whole herb is acrid and pungent
with concave valves opening longitudinally, and with an ellip-
to the taste.
tical dissepiment (f. 47. c.). Seeds globose. Cotyledons folded
Annual Cress-rocket. Fl. Feb. March in gardens. Ju. July.
together (f. 45.j. f.).
Britain. Pl. I foot.
Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in the
LXXXVIII. VEʼLLA (latinized from Velar, the celtic name open ground or on rock-work. A light sandy soil suits it best.
of the Cress.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 639. prod. 1. p. 223. Véllæ, spe.
Lin.
XCI. SUCCO'WIA (in honour of Professor Suckow, a bota-
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Larger stamens con-
nist of Heidelberg.) Medik. gen. pl. 1. p. 64. t. 1. f. 9. D. C.
nate. Style ovate, tongue-shaped, flat, at the end of the silicle.
syst. 2. p. 642. prod. 1. p. 224.
An erect branched hispid shrub. Leaves alternate, obovate,
LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Stamens all free. Style
entire, rough with hairs.
slender, conical. Valves of silicle echinated. An annual erect,
. Racemes erect, elongated; pedicels branched, smooth herb. Stems round. Leaves pinnate-parted,
very short, lower ones generally bracteate, the rest naked.
Flowers yellow, and are as well as the pods erect.
with linear-toothed or cut lobes. Racemes opposite the leaves,
1 V. PSEUDOCY'TISUS (Lin. spec. 895.) h. F. Native of
erect, elongated ; pedicels bractless, filiform. Flowers yellow.
Spain on gypsaceous hills about Aranjuez, Lam. ill. 555. f. 2.
Pods erect. Seeds solitary in the cells.
Cav. icon. 1. p. 32. t. 42. Vélla integrifolia, Sal. prod. 265.-
1 S. BALEA’RICA (Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 1. p. 41.) O. H.
Lob. obs. 505. f. 1. icon. 2. p. 49. f. 1. I. Bauh. hist. 1. p.
Native of the Balearic Islands, Teneriffe, also in Sicily about
374. f. 2. Petals yellow, with long dark purple claws. Larger
Palermo. Būnias Baleárica, Lin. mant. 429. Jacq. vind. 144.
Gouan. ill. 45. t. 20. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1919. t. 189.
stamens perfectly connate by pairs. Seeds 2 in each cell.
False-Cytisus or Cress-rocket. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1759. Myàgrum Baleáricum, Lam. dict. 1. p. 571. Biscutella Balea-
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
rica, Lher. diss. cak. ined. p. 10. Seeds pendulous, globose,
p
Cult. This shrub, although generally kept as a green-house
somewhat spotted, solitary in each cell.
plant, is hardy enough to live through the winter in a dry warm
Balearic Succowia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1781. Pl. foot. .
south border. Young cuttings will strike root if planted in sand,
Cult. The seeds of this pretty little annual only require to
under a hand-glass.
be sown in the open ground or on rock-work. A light sandy soil
suits it best.
LXXXIX. BOʻLEUM (from Bwlos, bolos, a bowl; in allu- XCII, SAVI'GNYA (in honour of M. Savigny, a profound
sion to the form of the valves of the pods ?) Desv. journ. bot. 3. entymologist, and who also collected numerous plants in Egypt.)
p. 163. t. 26. D. C. syst. 2. p. 640. prod. 1. p. 223.
D. C. syst. 2. p. 283. prod. 1. p. 157.
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Larger stamens con- LIN. SYST. Tetrada mamia, Siliculosa. Silicle sessile, ellip-
nate by pairs. Style slender, beak-shaped, somewhat conical tical, with flat valves. Funicles short, free. Calyx equal at the
2. Po
1

CRUCIFERÆ. XCII. SAVIGNYA. XCIII, SCHOUWIA. XCIV. Psychine. XCV. ZILLA. XCVI. MURICARIA.
.
255
p. 224.
base. Stamens free. Style short, tetragonal. Seeds numerous,
Tribe XV.
very much compressed, with broad margins. An annual smooth
ZI'LLEÆ (plants agreeing with Zilla in important charac-
branched herb, with oval bluntly-toothed radical leaves, which
ters,) or ORTHOPLOCEÆ (See Sub-Order III.) NUCA-
are narrowed out into the petiole, and narrow entire stem ones.
MENTACEÆ (nucamentum, a catkin ; shape of pods.) D. C.
Racemes opposite the leaves. Flowers small, pale-violet.
syst. 2. p. 646. prod. 1. p. 224. Silicle indehiscent, ovate, or
1 S. ÆGYPTIACA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 283.) O. H. Native
globose, l-celled, 1-seeded (f. 47. i.), with indistinct valves
of Egypt in the sand about the Saqqarah Pyramids. Lunària
(f. 47. i.). Seeds globose. Cotyledons folded together. (f. 45.f.j.)
parviflora, Delile, ill. fl. ægyp. p. 19. desc. 104. t. 35. f. 3.
Farsètia parviflora, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 871. Root perpendi- XCV. ZI'LLA (the Arabic name of the plant) Forsk. desc.
cular. Petals entire.
121. D. C. syst. 2. p. 646. prod. 1. p. 224. .
Egyptian Savignya. Fl. in its native country in the winter. Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle 2-celled; cells
Pl. foot.
1-seeded. A smooth, somewhat glaucous plant; at length be-
Cult. This pretty little annual is well adapted for ornament- coming suffruticose, much branched ; branches whitish ; younger
ing rock-work, where the seeds should be sown, or they may be
ones leafy; older ones leafless, stiff, divaricate, spinescent.
sown in the open border in a light sandy soil.
Leaves few, oblong, toothed. Racemes few-flowered, spinescent
at the apex. Pedicels filiform, short, bractless. Flowers dis-
tant, violaceous, almost like those of Moricandia arvensis.
Tribe XIV.
1 Z. MYAGROIDES (Forsk. ægyp. descr. 121. no. 74 and 75.
PSYCHI'NEÆ (plants agreeing with Psychine in many im-
icon. t. 17. A.) h. F. or H. Native of Egypt, in the deserts.
Var. a, macrocarpa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 646.) pods smooth.
.
portant characters,) or ORTHOPLO‘CEÆ (see sub-order III.)
a,
ANGUSTISE'PTÆ (angustus, narrow, and septum, a parti-
Bunias spinosa, Lin. mant. 96. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 290. t. 142.
tion ; dissepiment narrow.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 643. prod. 1. p.
f. 2. Vent. hort. malm. t. 16. Myàgrum spinòsum, Lam, dict.
224. Silicle with keeled (f. 47.j.) or navicular valves, and with
1. p. 570. no. 13. Native of Lower Egypt, about Cairo.
a very narrow dissepiment. Seeds compressed. Cotyledons
Var. B, microcarpa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 647.) pods with rough
folded together (f. 45.f.j.). A very distinct tribe, bearing fruit
ribs. Native of Upper Egypt. Perhaps a proper species.
almost like those of Thláspi, Capsélla, or Æthionèma, and with
The leaves of this plant are boiled and eaten by the Arabs, like
flowers and cotyledons like Brássica.
those of Cabbage.
Myagrum-like Zilla. Fl. March. Clt. 1816. Pl. 2 feet.
Cult. This is rather a curious plant, and although it is always
XCIII. SCHO'UWIA (in honour of J. Fred. Schouw, a treated as a frame shrub, it is nevertheless hardy enough to stand
Danish botanist.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 643. prod. 1.
the winter in a dry, warm, south border. A light, dry, sandy
LIN. SYST.
Tetradynàmia, Siliculosa. Silicle oval; valves soil suits it best. It may be either increased by young cuttings
with a narrow wing running through the whole length of the planted in sand under a hand-glass, or by seeds.
back. A branched, annual, smooth herb. Leaves and flowers
almost like those of Moricandia arvensis. Silicles like those of XCVI. MURICA'RIA (from muricatus, full of prickles ;
Thlaspi. Style and seeds like those of Psychine.
pods beset with prickles.) Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 159. t. 25. f. 2.
1 S. ARA'BICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 644.) O. H. Native of D. C. syst. 2. p. 647. prod. 1. p. 225.
Arabia Felix, on argillaceous humid mountains near Mor. Su-
LIN. SYST.
Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle 1-celled, 1-
bulària purpùrea, Forsk. fl. ægyp.-arab. p. 117. Psychine seeded, beset with prickles (f. 47. i.). Seed inserted laterally.
Arábica, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 880.
. 880. Thlaspi Arábicum, Vahl. Petals equal.
A procumbent, many-stemmed herb. Leaves
symb. 2. p. 76. Flowers rose-purplish, at first corymbose, but at pinnate-lobed, alternate. Racemes opposite the leaves or ter-
p,
length racemose. Leaves referable to those of Moricándia arvensis. minal. Flowers white.
Arabian Schouwia. Fl.? Pl. I to foot.
1 M. PROSTRA'TA (Desv. journ. l. c.) O. H. Native of the
Cult. The seed of this pretty annual will only require to be sown north of Africa, in sandy places, and in the kingdom of Tunis,
in the open ground. A light, sandy, moist soil will suit it best. near Cafsa. Bunias prostràta, Desf. atl. 2. p. 76. t. 150. My-
àgrum prostratum, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 48. Laèlia prostrata,
Pers. ench. 2. p. 185. Calepina prostrata, Spreng. syst. 2. p.
XCIV. PSYCHINE (from yvxn, psyche, a butterfly ; be- 850. Petals double the length of calyx. Style very short and
cause of the pods being furnished with wings like the butterfly.) thickish.
Desf. atl. 2. p. 69, t. 148. D. C. syst. 2. p. 645. prod. 1. Trailing Muricaria. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1821. Pl. i to 1} foot.
Cult. This plant is not worth cultivating, except in botanic
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle triangular, nar- gardens. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground.
rowed at the base, with the valves winged on the back, at the A light sandy soil suits it best.
end (f. 47. j.). An annual, hispid, branched herb. Leaves ob-
long or obovate, toothed; cauline ones alternate, cordate, stem- XCVII. CALEPI'NA (meaning unknown.) Adans, fam. 2.
clasping, with auricles; radical ones narrowed into the stalk. Ra- p. 423.
423. D. C.
D. C. syst. 2. p. 648. prod. 1. p. 225.
cemes opposite the leaves, elongated. Bracteas leafy, situated
LIN. SYST.
Tetradynàmia, Siliculosa. Silicle almost glo-
under the pedicels. Flowers white, with dark veins.
bose, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed pendulous from the top of the
1 P. STYLÒSA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 69. t. 148.) O. H. Native pod. Outer petals somewhat larger than the inner ones. Co-
of Mauritania, near Mayane, on the edges of fields. Thlaspi tyledons incumbent, curved, truncate, somewhat folded together,
Psychine, Willd. spec. 3. p. 443. P. Numídica, Spreng. syst. 2. with inflexed margins. A smooth, erect, annual herb. Radical
p. 880.-Shaw. specim. no. 91. icon. Pods large, 3 lines long leaves rosulate, on short stalks, pinnate-parted; lower lobes
without the style, and 7 or 8. lines broad.
small, 2 or 3 on each side, terminal one large, oblong, or orbi-
Long-styled Psychine. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 foot. cular, blunt ; cauline leaves sessile, oblong, entire, sagittate with
Cult. This curious annual only requires to be sown in the acute auricles. Racemes opposite the leaves, elongated ; pedicels
border. A light, sandy soil suits it best.
p. 224.
bractless, filiform. Flowers white.
open border.

256
CRUCIFERÆ. XCVII. CALEPINA. XCVIII. CRAMBE.
p.
a
years
ago, by
-
1 C. Corvini (Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 158.) O. H. Native of the open garden. Before covering a bed with warm litter,
sandy fields and vineyards, in Arragon, south of France, Italy, each plant, or stool of plants, is covered with an earthenware
Hungary, and Tauria. Bunias cochlearioides, Murr. nov. comm. blanching pot, or a wicker case, to keep off the dung from
gott. 1. 1777. p. 42. t. 3. Waldst. et. Kit. hung. 2. p. 111. t. the young shoots, and to ensure their being blanched. No
107. Myàgrum irregulare, Asso. Myàgrum rugosum, Vill. plant is so easily forced, and, unlike Asparagus, it yields pro-
Myàgrum perfoliàtum, ß, Lam. Crambe Corvini, All. My- duce the first spring after raising from seed.
The taste is
àgrum erucæfolium, Vill. dauph. Rapístrum bursæfòlium, very like that of Cauliflower. The whole plant is smooth,
Berg. phyt. Cochleària auriculata, Lam. dict. Crambe am- of a beautiful glaucous hue, covered with a very fine meal.
plexicaulis, Russel. Myàgrum bursæfolium, Thuil. Crambe However, it varies much; for sometimes it is to be seen
bursæfòlia, Lher. Laèlia cochlearioides, Pers. ench. 2. 185. almost with green-leaves. The radical leaves are large, more
Var. B, Myàgrum iberoìdes (Brot. phyt. no. 43. p. 95. t. 42.) or less sinuated or indented, containing in the axil a bud or ru-
Native of Portugal.
diment of next year's stem. The flowers are in ample pani-
Corvin's Calepina. Fl. Apr. June. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 foot. cles; they are small, of a pure white, and smell strongly of honey.
;
Cult. A rather curious annual plant. The seeds only require to The precise period of its introduction to the garden is unknown.
be sown in the open border. A dry, sandy soil will suit it best. Parkinson and Bryant state, that the radical leaves are cut by the
inhabitants where the plant grows wild, and boiled as cabbage;
Tribe XVI.
and W. Jones, of Chelsea, assured the late W. Curtis, that he
saw bundles of it, in a cultivated state, exposed for sale in Chi-
RAPHA'NEÆ (plants agreeing with Raphanus in many
im- chester market, in 1753. J. Maher observes, (Hort. trans. vol. 1.)
portant characters,) or ORTHOPLO'CEÆ (See Sub-Order III.) that “the Crambe marítima was known, and sent from this
LOMENTACEÆ (lomentum, a loment; shape of pods.) D. C. kingdom to the continent, more than two hundred
syst. 2. p. 649. prod. 1. p. 225. Silicle or silique dividing across
.
L'Obel; but Miller, in 1731, was the first who wrote upon it pro-
into one or few-seeded joints or cells (f. 47. k. m.). Seeds glo- fessionally. About the year 1767, it was cultivated by Lettsom,
,
bose. Cotyledons folded together (f. 47.j. f.).
at Grove-hill, and by him brought into general notice in the neigh-
bourhood of London. In the Gardener's Dictionary, published 1774,
XCVIII. CRAʼMBE (from spaubn, the Greek name of Sea- by James Gordon, at Fountain Bridge, near Edinburgh, directions
kale, or Sea-cabbage, which is derived from kpapßos, dry; be- are given for the cultivation of this vegetable, and for blanching
cause the plants usually grow in sand.) Tourn. inst. 211. t. 100. it by covering the beds, four inches deep, with sand or gravel.
-Gært. fruct. 2. p. 292. t. 142. Lin. gen. no. 825. D. C. syst. Professor Martyn has printed some valuable instructions for its
2. p. 650. prod. 1. p. 225.
cultivation, from the MSS. of the Rev. M. Laurent; and the late
LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle 2-jointed. Lower W. Curtis, by a pamphlet on the culture, has done more to re-
joint abortive, upper one globose, 1-seeded (f. 47. Ř.). Cotyledons commend it, and diffuse the knowledge of it, than any of his
thick, somewhat foliaceous, profoundly emarginate. Herbs or sub- predecessors. Sea-kale is now a common vegetable in Covent
shrubs. Leaves sometimes thick, sometimes membranous, hairy Garden market, and, Mr. Neill observes, has begun to appear on
or smooth; cauline ones alternate, stalked, pinnately-toothed, the green-stalls of Edinburgh ; but in France it is almost un-
cut, pinnatifid or lyrate. Racemes elongated, many-flowered, known. Bastien (Manuel du Jardinier, 1807,) describes the
disposed into lax panicles; pedicels filiform, erect, bractless. Chou marin d'Angleterre ; but he appears to have tried to use
Flowers white, smelling like honey.
the broad green leaves, instead of the blanched shoots. Dis-
gusted with his preparation, he denies the merit of Sea-kale, and
Sect. I. Sarcocraʼmbe (from oapě oapkos, sarx sarcos, flesh; resigns the plant, with a sneer, to colder climates."
and kpapßn; because the leaves of the plants contained in this The young spring shoots, and the stalks of the unfolded
section are fleshy.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 651. prod. 1. p. 225. leaves, blanched by rising through the ground in a wild state, or
Lower joint of silicle depressed, thick ; stigma sessile. Larger by earthing up in gardens, are the parts used; and when boiled
filaments furnished each at the top with a tooth. Roots perennial, and dressed like Asparagus, are not inferior to that vegetable.
with many stems rising from the neck. Leaves large, usually They form also an excellent ingredient in soups. Sometimes
fleshy. The
young
shoots of all are eatable when blanched. the ribs of the large leaves are peeled and dressed as Asparagus,
1 C. MARÍTIMA (Lin. spec. 937.) Longer filaments forked ; after the plant has ceased to send up young shoots. By forcing,
pods blunt; leaves roundish, sinuate, waved, toothed, and are, Sea-kale may be had in perfection from November till May, a
as well as the stem, very smooth. 4. H.
4. H. Native in the sand period including all the dead months in the year. It is remarked
on the sea-shore, from Sweden to France, and along the Medi- by Nicol, that vegetables seldom improve by forcing, but that
terranean sea on the European side ; also in Tauria, along the Sea-kale forms an exception; the forced shoots produced at mid-
Euxine sea. Plentiful in Britain, in the sand by the sea-side. winter being more crisp and delicate in flavour than those pro-
Oed. fl. dan. t. 316. Smith, engl. bot. t. 924.
cured in the natural way, in April and May. Sir George Mac-
Sea-kale (Eng.) Chou marin (Fr.) Meerkohl (Germ.) Crambio kenzie observes, (Caled. hort. mem. 1. p. 313.) that Sea-kale
(Ital.). The country people in the west of England have been, cannot easily be overdone in cooking ; and that, after being
from time immemorial, in the practice of watching when the shoots well boiled, it should be thoroughly drained, and then suffered
and leaf-stalks begin to push up the sand and gravel in March and to remain a few minutes before the fire, that a further portion of
April, when they cut them off underground, as is done in gather- moisture may be exhaled.”
ing Asparagus, and boil them as greens. About the middle of Sea-kale may be cultivated by rearing the plants from seed,
the last century the plant was first introduced into gardens, grown on a seed-bed, and when a year old transplanting them into beds,
on deep sandy soil, and blanched either by sand, ashes, litter, or at the distance of eighteen inches each way. But in setting
by covering with flower-pots, earthen pots made on purpose, or young plants, place them in patches of three plants each, taking
any opaque cover. It is now almost as universal in good gar- care, in removing them from the seed-bed, not to injure the
dens as Asparagus, and, like it, is forced, either by taking up tap-roots.
the roots and planting them on a hot-bed, or in a border of a Sea-kale plants of a proper age may be had of any nursery-
forcing-house, or by covering or surrounding them with litter, in man, but in well-regulated gardens, a part should be annually
2.
a

CRUCIFERÆ. XCVIII. CRAMBE.
257
sown, so as to have a supply always at hand. However, where the time the buds begin to appear, fork the beds regularly over,
circumstances will admit, it would be advisable to sow the seed and cover the plants from 12 to 15 inches with saw-dust or
in the beds where they are to remain to come to perfection. rotten tan, when it can be conveniently procured ; if neither
This is attended with much less trouble, and if the beds have can be had, break the mould on the surface of the beds as fine
been properly prepared, the plants will become stronger than as possible and mould up the plants with it.
those which have been transplanted. Sea-kale is also propagated As the heads become ready for use they will raise the cover-
by some eminent gardeners in the vicinity of London, by cutting ing, by which means they will be easily perceived without re-
the roots of the old plants into pieces about an inch long, and moving any more of the covering than the part where those heads
planting them in drills like potatoes. By this means the buds are that are intended to be cut. Those beds which have had the
will spring and find their way to the surface with greater cer- thickest covering in autumn come first into use, and the other
tainty than if planted by the dibble ; by which latter process in rotation, so that the last cutting is from what was sown the
many of them run a chance of being placed with their end up- spring before. Although cutting from one year old plants is
permost, and consequently be unproductive of shoots.
generally disapproved of, Barton (Caled. hort. mem.) defends the
In light sandy garden-soil the Sea-kale comes to perfection practice from his experience of its not proving injurious; and
with little care ; but in strong clayey soils it is often apt to rot because thereby the Sea-kale season is prolonged, as the one
in winter. In preparing ground for Sea-kale, if the ground be year old plants come into use much later in spring than the old
naturally strong, it should be trenched to a depth of 3 feet
, if the established roots.
ground will admit of that depth, and well manured. Divide the When the
young
shoots are about 3 or 4 inches high, remove
ground into 4 feet beds, with alleys 18 inches wide ; throw out the leaves, or whatever has been used in blanching, carefully, and
the mould of the alleys to the depth of 10 or 12 inches, which cut them off ; but so as not to injure the remaining buds, which
mould being laid on the beds will raise them from 15 to 18 inches are springing from the same root. A succession of gatherings
above the bottom of the alleys, which will render the beds dry. may be continued for 5 or 6 weeks, after which period the
If the ground be particularly stiff, lay on a quantity of fine sharp plants should be uncovered and their leaves suffered to grow,
sand and leaf mould, which, if properly mixed in the process of that they may acquire and retain a sufficient quantity of nutri-
trenching, will render the beds sufficiently light for the cultiva- ment to the roots for next year's buds. The flowers, when the
tion of this excellent vegetable, for the success depends upon seeds are not wanted; ought to be nipped off with the finger and
the lightness of the mould and dryness of the bottom. About thumb as long as they appear, as they tend considerably to
the middle of April, if the beds be prepared as above, proceed weaken the plants.
to draw two drills in each bed, about 2 inches deep, in which the Forcing Sea-kale. “ No vegetable is more easily or more
seeds must be sown. Sow moderately thick, so as to secure a cheaply forced than Sea-kale, whether the operation be performed
crop, which afterwards should be thinned out to 12 inches apart. in beds or drills in the open air, or in hot-bed frames or flued
or sow in patches 18 inches apart. The turnip-fly and the pits." Abercrombie, Nicol, and Maher recommend forcing in
wire-worm are great enemies to this as well as to all cruci- beds “ in the open air.” “Seven weeks,” the former ob-
ferous plants. The best remedy for the latter is to have
" before the time at which you wish to cut shoots for
them picked out of the ground by the hand; the former may the table, begin to prepare the plants for forcing, and to
be prevented from doing much injury by a circle of quick-lime ferment a sufficient quantity of stable dung. Having trimmed
strewed round the plants. If the months of June and July the leaves from the plants, carefully point the surface of
prove dry, water the whole beds plentifully; and in the following the ground, and over the top of the roots spread fresh light
November as soon as the leaves are decayed, clear them away and earth, mixed with light sand or coal-ashes 2 or 3 inches
cover the beds an inch thick with light rich earth and sand, that in depth, this is the best remedy against worms.
Salt also
has lain in a heap and been turned over at least three times the destroys worms and will not injure the Sea-kale. When the
preceding summer. Upon this dressing of sandy loam, throw dung is well prepared, which will be in about three weeks, pro-
about 6 inches of light stable litter, which finishes every thing to ceed to forcing. If you mix tree-leaves with the dung, begin
be done the first year. In the spring of the second year, when to ferment them a week or a fortnight sooner. Cover each of
the plants begin to grow, rake off the stable litter, digging a the plants either with a regular blanching-pot, or with a garden-
little of the most rotten into the alleys, and add another inch in pot of the largest size, taking care to stop up the hole. Then
depth of fresh loam and sand. Abstain from cutting this
Abstain from cutting this year, lay a portion of prepared dung alone, or mixed with tree-leaves
though some of the plants will probably rise very strong, treat- about and over each pot, pressing it down firm, extending it 8
ing the beds the succeeding winter exactly as before.
The third or 10 inches all round, and raising the bank six or eight inches
season, a little before the plants begin to stir, rake off the win- above the pot. It will be necessary to examine the plants fre-
ter covering, laying on now an inch in depth of pure sand or quently, and to measure the heat within the covers now and then,
gravel. Then cover each parcel or plant with one of the blanch- lest by some inadvertency the quantity of litter should not have
ing-pots, or large flower-pots with the hole corked up, pressing been well-apportioned or rightly prepared ; if the heat be un-
it very firmly into the ground, so as to exclude all light and air, der 50° there is not enough to excite the plants; and if above
for the colour and flavour is greatly injured by being exposed to
60° it is too fiery, and may injure them, for it is better to begin
either.” But the most convenient method for blanching Sea- time enough and force slowly rather than too quickly." The
kale which is not forced, is to cover the beds in autumn with litter round the pots should be renewed at least once in eight
leaves raked up from the woods or pleasure-ground, covering weeks, but oftener if the weather is rigorous. When the stools
each bed in thickness according to the strength and age of the will produce no more shoots, remove the litter and the covers,
plants, giving the greater covering to the oldest and strongest and dress the ground, that the plants may be suffered to grow
The covering may be from 5 to 15 inches deep, when and return strength to the root for the next year's shoots. Nicol
first laid on, and over that place a slight covering of light lit- says, he knows of a row of Sea-kale having been forced in the
tery dung to prevent the leaves from blowing about; this cover- above way every season for seven years, in which the plants were
ing is to remain on until the crop be all cut, when it may be at the end of that period as healthy and vigorous as others in the
taken away, and the beds dug over, or when, from particular same quarter that were forced only every second year.
circumstances, this has not been attended to in autumn. At Barton (Caled. hort. mem.) forces Sea-kale on dung beds,
L 1
roots.
VOL. 1.-PART III.

258
CRUCIFERÆ. XCVIII. Crambe.
a
.
near
under frames exactly in the same manner usually adopted for exclusive of synonym of Clusius,) longer filaments forked ;
Asparagus. For a common melon-frame will contain as many pods awnless ; radical leaves decompound ; leaflets cut, toothed,
heads as are capable of being produced in two drills, of twenty younger leaves rough, adult ones smooth as well as the stem.
yards each, by covering with dung. He finds three frames of 4. H. Root fusiform, 2 or 3 feet long.
two lights each, quite sufficient for a large family; the first pre- Var, a, Hungárica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 653.) lobes of cauline
pared about the beginning of November, and the second about leaves oblong-linear, almost entire and somewhat pectinated.
the last week in December; and by the time the second frame 4. H. Native of gravelly places and fertile fields in Hungary
is exhausted, Sea-kale will be ready for use in the open ground. about Agria and elsewhere; in Moravia about Aussitz; in Tran-
Gibbs (Caled. hort. mem. 1. p. 388.) also forces in frames, sylvania in calcareous meadows and on sandy mountains. C. Ta-
blanching by keeping the beds covered with mats. As the tárica, Jacq. misc. 2. p. 274. Willd. spec. 3. p. 419.
3
. This
plants are no longer of use after being forced in this and the plant is called in Hungary Tatar-kenyer or Tartarian-bread, and
preceding method, a succession is kept up by annual sowings, its root, stripped of the bark and sliced, is eaten with oil, vine-
and the plants are allowed to attain three years growth before gar, and salt. The boiled root is sweet, and eaten by children.
taken up for forcing. Economy and certainty are advantages The young shoots are boiled and eaten like those of common
attending these last methods.
Sea-kale, and have an excellent taste, but are stringy, which
Balwin (Hort. trans. 4. p. 63.) forces Sea-kale where it stands they would not be if well cultivated, which the plant appears to
in the following manner. “ On each side of a three foot bed, in deserve. Hares are extremely fond of the root and stems.
which the Sea-kale has been planted, trenches are formed two Var. B, Taúrica (D. C. syst. 2. p. 653.) lobes of leaves si-
feet deep, and eighteen inches wide at bottom ; the side of the nuately-lobed. 4. H. C. orientalis, Reich. syst. 3. p.
290.
trench next the bed is perpendicular, the other side is sloped so Falk. itin. p. 219. no. 791. t. 14. C. Tatárica, Bieb. fl. taur. 2.
. .
as to make the top of the trench at the surface level, two feet p. 90. Native of Tauria in fields, and adjacent to the northern
and a half wide ; this trench is filled with linings of hot dung, regions of Caucasus at the Tanais, and from Borysthene to the
on the inner edges of which garden-lights are placed, and the Rhymnus. Roots fusiform, 2 or 4 feet long.
glass kept covered with mats until the kale is fit to cut, and a Tartarian Sea-kale. Fl. June, July, in gardens; April, May,
covering of broad canvass or mats might be substituted for the in its native countries. Clt. 1789. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
glass lights."
6 C. ASPERA (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 90.) longer filaments
Melross (Caled. mem. 4. p. 164.) forces Sea-kale in a forked; pods awnless, wrinkled ; leaves pinnate-parted, with ob-
vinery. He“ plants along the back of the flue where no vine- long-linear, toothed lobes, and are scabrous as well as the stem.
roots are, places covers on the plants, and in two weeks, when 4. H. Native of fields in Tauria at the lower Wolga, and
the heat for forcing vines is kept up, he has as fine Sea-kale as Sarepta. The whole plant is usually rough from stiff erect
could be desired. When a dish is cut, he lifts the roots and hairs. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 91.
supplies their places by others from the open ground.”
Rough Sea-kale. Fl. May, June.
Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820.
Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
Gathering “ Remove a part of the earth, leaves or pots, or 7 C. JU'NCEA (Bieb, suppl. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 654.)
whatever is employed in blanching, cut off the heads or shoots, longer filaments forked ; pods awnless, smooth ; leaves lyrate,
and slip off the stalks of the leaves,” (Loud. ency.gard. p. 732.) with toothed lobes, terminal lobe large; leaf stalked and stem
Produce. From four or six heads, according to the size, held hispid from reflexed hairs. 24. H. Native of Iberia about
together like Asparagus, make a dish; and Maher says, a Tiflis. Pods small, globose, smooth, and seated upon slender
blanching pot which contains three plants will afford a dish pedicels.
twice in a season. Hence from sixty to a hundred pots will Rushy Sea-kale. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 feet.
suffice for forcing Sea-kale for a large family (Loud. l. c.)
8 C. CORDIFOLIA (Stev. in mem. soc. nat. mosc. 3.
To save seed. Let a stool, which has not been cut, run in longer stamens forked; pods almost awnless ; leaves stalked,
spring; and seed will be produced in the autumn.
toothed, lower ones cordate, upper ones ovate, and are as well
Common Sea-kale. Fl. May, June. Britain. Pl. 3 feet. . as the stems almost glabrous. 4. H. Native of North Cau-
2 C. PINNATÍFIDA (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 72.) casus in deserts, and in exposed places about the towns of Mos-
longer filaments forked; pods awnless ; leaves profoundly dock and Georgisock. C. cordàta, Willd. enum. suppl. 43.
pinnatifid ; lobes oblong, acute, toothed, and are as well as the Panicles of flowers leafless, smooth, much branched. Flowers
stem, smooth. 4. H. Native of Hungary in fields about Buda, like those of C. orientalis. The root of this plant tastes like
Tauria, and in deserts adjacent to the north of Caucasus. C. Horse-radish. Lower leaves very large and hispid.
Suécica, Mill. dict. ed. 7. no. 2. C. orientalis, Jacq. icon. rar. Cordate-leaved Sea-kale. Fl. June. Clt. 1800. Pl. 6 feet.
1. t. 128. C. laciniàta, Desf. hort. par. An intermediate species
between C. marítima and C. orientàlis.
Sect. II. LEPTOCRA'MBE (from Nentos, leptos, slender, and
Pinnatifid-leaved Sea-kale. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1759. Pl. 2 ft. kpapßn, krambe, Sea-kale ; because of the plants contained in
3 C. GRANDIFLORA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 652.) longer filaments this section being slender.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 655. prod. 1. p.
forked; pods awnless ; leaves pinnate-parted ; lobes oblong, 226. Lower joint of silicle cylindrical, elongated. Stigma
acutely and deeply toothed, intermixed with smaller ones along sessile. Filaments either toothed or toothless.
,
Roots annual or
the raches, and are as well as the stem, smooth. 2. H. Native biennial. Stem solitary.
of the island of Tama at the mouth of the Kuban, and on the 9 C. HISPA'NICA (Lin. spec. 937.) longer filaments furnished
shores of the Euxine Sea. This species is intermediate between with a tooth; pods awnless ; leaves lyrate, scabrous, with the
C. pinnatifida and C. áspera. It is only perhaps a variety of C. terminal lobe cordate and orbicular. O. H. Native of Spain
marítima, but the flowers are 2 or 3 times larger.
in Valentia on the sea-shore, also in the north of Portugal. Sab.
Great-flowered Sea-kale. Fl. May, June. Pl. 3 feet. hort. rom. 4. t. 2. Lam. ill. t. 553. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 292. t.
4 C. ORIENTA'LIS (Lin. spec. 937.) longer filaments forked ; 142. f. 4. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. 1924. t. 189. Myàgrum
pods awnless, smooth ; leaves pinnatifid, toothed, scabrous; sphærocarpum, Jacq. obs. 2. p. 20. t. 41. Rapístrum Hispáni-
stem smooth. 2. H. Native of the Levant.
cum, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p. 37. Rapístrum scàbrum,
Oriental Sea-kale. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752.
Clt. 1752. Pl. 2 foot. Moench. meth. 211. Pods exactly globose. Herb hispid.
5 C. TATA RICA (Jacq. misc. 2. p. 274. icon. rar. 1. t. 129. Spanish Sea-kale. Fl. June, July Clt. 1683. Pl. 17 foot.
p. 267.)

CRUCIFERÆ. XCVIII. Crambe. XCIX. RAPISTRUM. C. DidesmUS.
259
;
Y
10 C. GLABRA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 226.) longer filaments var. a, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 482. Schránckia divaricata, Moench.
furnished with a tooth; pods awnless ; leaves cordate-roundish, suppl. 86. Cakìle perénnis, Lher. diss. cak. ined.
p.
6. Bù-
and are as well as the stem smooth. O? H. Native of Spain
Native of Spain nias perennis, Smith, prod. fl. græc. 2. p. 2.
Stem diffusely
near St. Philip. C. cordifòlia, Dufour. in ann. gen. sc. phys. 7. branched, somewhat hispid at the base. Flowers small.
p. 308. but not of Steven. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from C. Perennial Rapistrum. Fl. July. Clt. 1789. Pl. 1 to 14 foot.
Hispánica.
2 R. rugO'sum (Berg. phyt. 3. p. 171. icone.
RUGO'SUM
All. ped.
Smooth Sea-kale. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. Pl. 1} foot. no. 940. t. 78.) pods pubescent; upper joint globose, rough,
11 C. RENIFO'RMIS (Desf. atl, 2. p. 78. t. 151.) longer fila- shorter than the style ; leaves blunt, toothed, radical ones some-
ments furnished with a tooth ; pods awnless; leaves lyrate, sca- what lyrate. O. H. Native throughout middle and south
brous, terminal lobe kidney-shaped. 3. H. Native of the Europe in cultivated fields and sandy places. Myàgrum rugó-
north of Africa in fissures of rocks, near Tlemsen. Pods fleshy. sum, Lin. spec. 893. Myàgrum perénne, Scop. carn. ed. 2.
Very like C. Hispánica. Herb hispid.
no. 795. Schránckia rugosa, Medik. in Ust. new. ann. 2. p.
Reniform-lobed Sea-kale. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. 39. Cakìle rugosa, Lher. diss. cak. ined. p.7. Flowers a little
12 C. FILIFOʻRMIS (Jacq. coll. suppl. 120. icon. rar. 3. t. 504.) smaller than those of R. perénne, of a deep yellow.
longer filaments almost toothless; pods awnless ; leaves pin- Var. B, stylòsum (D. C. syst. 2. p. 432.) leaves almost all ra-
nately-lyrate, hairy, terminal lobe ovate. T. H. Native of dical, cauline ones very few and very small; pods villose, with
Patagonia at Champion River. Rapístrum filifórme, Moench. a long style, and with the lower joint often abortive. Cakile
suppl. 69. Ovary slender, 2-jointed, lower joint terete, longest. rugòsa, var. stylòsa. D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 598. Native of
Filiform Sea-kale. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. Occitania and the south of Provence.
Var. venòsum (D. C. syst. 1. c.) younger pods villose,
Sect. III. DENDROCRAʼMBE (from devòpov, dendron, a tree, and adult ones smooth, upper joint much wrinkled and furrowed,
kpapßn, crambe, Sea-kale; because of the plants being shrubby.) lower one very rarely abortive. Myàgrum venòsum, Pers.
D. C. syst. 2. p. 656. prod. 1. p. 226. Lower joint of silicle ench. 2. p. 183. Native about Tolosa and Genoa.
short, filiform. Stigma seated upon a short style. Stems shrubby. Wrinkled-podded Rapistrum. Fl. April, July. Pl. 1 foot.
13 C. FRUTICÒSA (Lin. fil. suppl. 299.) longer filaments
toothed on one side; pods mucronate with the style ; leaves
+ Species not sufficiently known.
lyrately-pinnatifid, toothed, hoary ; stem shrubby. h.G. Na- 3 R. ORIENTA'LE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 433.) pods furrowed,
tive of Madeira on the highest rocks near Pico de Ranxo. D. C. smooth ; leaves oblong, toothed, sinuate. O. H. Native of
syst. 2. p. 656. A small stiff hoary shrub.
the Levant. In Melos in corn-fields, also in Crete. Myàgrum
Shrubby Sea-kale. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1777. Sh. 2 feet. orientale, Lin. spec. 893. Schránckia sulcata, Moench. suppl.
14 C. STRIGÒSA (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 151, t. 72.) filaments tooth- 87. Cakìle orientalis, Lher. diss. cak. ined. p. 7. Bùnias ra-
less ; pods mucronate ; leaves ovate, toothed, unequal and some- phanifòlia, Smith, fl. græc. t. 612. Leaves scabrous.
what auricled at the base, and are hispid, as well as shrubby Oriental Rapistrum. Fl. July. Clt. 1795. Pl. 1 foot.
stem. h.G. Native of Canary Islands ; in Teneriffe in humid 4 R. CLAVA TUM (D. C. syst 2. p. 433.) pods smooth, upper
places. Myàgrum arboréscens, Jacq. coll. 1. p. 39. icon. rar. joint globose, rough, bearing the style, lower one smooth, some-
t. 120. C. fruticosa, Murr. syst. veg. 498. exclusive of synonym what cylindrical, longer than the pedicel. O. H. Native of
of Lin, fil. C scàbra, Lam. dict. 2. p. 163.
Syria and near Tripoli. Cakile clavata, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 852.
Var. ß, glabràta (D. C. syst. 2. p. 657.) leaves almost smooth, The whole plant smooth. Lower leaves hastate.
with a few scaly dots.
Clubbed-podded Rapistrum. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
Strigose Sea-kale. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1779. Sh. 17 foot. 5 R. COSTA'TUM (D. C. syst. 2. p. 434.) pods smooth, upper
Cult. The hardy perennial species may be either increased joint ovate, ribbed, ending in a conical acumen, lower one
by dividing at the roots or by seeds, but the latter mode is pre- smooth, obconical, somewhat shorter than the pedicel. 4? O?H.
ferable ; they will grow in any kind of soil, but those species Native of the Levant at Tyra. Myàgrum rugosum ß, Bieb. f.
A.
used for culinary purposes should be grown in a rich light soil. taur. 86.? Myàgrum perénne, Stev, in litt. Perhaps R.
The annual and biennial kinds only require to be sown in the orientàle. Style conical, thick, short
open ground. The shrubby green-house kinds may either be Ribbed-podded Rapistrum. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
increased by seeds or by cuttings, which should be planted under a Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating except in bota-
hand-glass. A mixture of sand, loam, and peat, suits these last well. nical gardens. The perennial species may be either increased
by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. The seeds of the
XCIX. RAPI'STRUM (rapa, the rape; resemblance.) annual kinds only require to be sown in the open ground.
Boerh. ludg. 406. D. C. syst. 2. p. 430. prod. 1. p. 227.
.
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquòsa. Silicle 2-jointed; lower C. DIDE'SMUS (from dis, dis, twice, and deopos, desmos,
joint ovate, rough, with a solitary seed in each cell, the a chain, because of the pod being of two joints, like two links of a
seed in the upper joint erect, that in the lower one pendu- chain). Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 160. t. 25. f.11. D.C. syst. 2.
lous. Cotyledons oblong, folded together. Annual or peren- p. 657. prod. 1. p. 227. .
nial, branched, pubescent or villous herbs. Leaves not fleshy, LIN. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silicle 2-jointed, both
lower ones stalked, pinnatifid or somewhat lyrate; upper ones joints 1 or 2-seeded, lower one truncate at the end, upper one
oblong toothed. Racemes elongated, somewhat panicled; pedi- bearing the style. Seeds pendulous in the cells. Smooth,
cels filiform, strictly erect.
annual, erect, branched herbs, some of them resembling Cakile
1 R. PERE'NNE (Berg. phyt. icon. Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. and others Ráphanus. Lower leaves stalked; pinnatifid, or
160.) pods smooth, upper joint ovate, longer than the style; lyrate. Racemes elongated ; pedicels bractless, filiform, or
leaves pinnatifid ; lobes deeply-toothed, acute. 4. H. Native
Native thickening after flowering. Flower white or yellow ?
of fields in the east of France, Switzerland, Piedmont, Germany, 1 D. ÆGY'PTIUS (Desv. I. c.) lower leaves elliptical or pin-
Austria, and Transylvania. Myàgrum perénne, Lin. spec. 893. natifidly-lyrate; upper ones oblong, somewhat toothed. O.H.
Jacq. aust. t. 414. Rapístrum diffùsum, Crantz. cruc. p. 105. Native of Egypt and the island of Cyprus. Deless. icon. sel. 2.
Myagrum biarticulatum, Crantz. aust. p. 6. Myàgrum perénne
t. 92. Myàgrum Ægyptium, Lin. spec. 895. Cakìle Ægyp-
Flowers yellow.
LI 2

260
CI. ENARTHROCARPUS. CII. RAPHANUS.
CRUCIFERÆ. C. DIDESMUS.
tia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 852. Habit of Cakile marítima. Flowers CII. RA'PHANUS (papavıç in Greek is derived from pa,
yellow or perhaps white.
ra, quickly, and paivopal, phainomai, to appear, because of the
Var. B, oblongifolius (D. C. syst. 2. p. 658.) lower leaves rapid germination of the seeds). Lin. gen. no. 1098. D. C.
oblong, grossly serrated, not pinnatifidly-lyrate. Native in the syst. 2. p. 662. prod. 1. p. 228.
fields of Astypalæa in the Morea.
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique transversely
SYST
,
Egyptian Didesmus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. Pl. 1 ft. many-celled, or breaking off into several joints (f. 47. m.).
2 D. TENUIFO'LIUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 659.) leaves pinnate- Seeds globose, pendulous, in one row. Cotyledons thickish,
parted; lobes linear, distant; upper leaves linear ; stem smooth. folded together. Erect, branched, smooth, or somewhat hispid
O. H. Native of the Grecian Archipelago, especially in the
especially in the herbs, with round divaricating stems. Roots perpendicular, sim-
islands of Nio and Cyprus. Cakìle striàta, Lher. cak. diss. ple, more or less fleshy, with an acrid taste, when young
furnished
ined.
p. 6. Bunias Tournefortii, Sibth. Bunias tenuifòlia, Smith, with a 2-valved Coleorhiza at the tip. Lower leaves stalked,
prodr. fl.
græc. 2. p. 3. Flowers white. Habit of Cakile ma- lyrate. Racemes opposite the leaves and terminal, elongated;
rítima. Tour. voy. 1. p. 254. icon. Cells of pod 1-seeded.
.
pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow, white, or purplish,
Slender-leaved Didesmus. Pl. 1 foot.
sometimes veined. The English name Radish is derived from
3 D. BIPINNA'TUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 659.) leaves pinnate- radix, a root.
parted; lobes linear, toothed, or cut; stem rough from reflexed
hairs. O. H. Native of Mauritania in the mountains of Cafsa. Sect. I. RA'PHANUS (see genus). D. C. syst. 2. p. 663.
Sinapis bipinnata, Desf. atl. 2. p. 97. Cakìle bipinnata, Spreng. prod. 1. p. 228. Silique spongy, 2-celled.
syst. 2. p. 852.
Petals whitish, obovate, retuse, somewhat 1 R. SATI'vus (Lin. spec. 935.) pods terete, torose, pointed,
emarginate. Pods smooth, with 1-seeded cells.
scarcely longer than the pedicel. O. H. Native of China,
Bipinnate-leaved Didesmus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1818. Pl.ft. Japan and Western Asia by way-sides, Lam. ill. 566. Flowers
* A species not sufficiently known.
at first red-violet, when old whitish. There are numerous va-
4 D. PINNA’TUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 659.). Myàgrum pinna-
rieties of this plant cultivated in gardens.
tum, Russ. in Schrad. journ. 1. p. 426. Native about Aleppo.
Cultivated Radish. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1548. Pl. 3 feet.
Pods striated, 2-jointed. Leaves pinnate, smooth; segments
In Italy the Radish is called Ramolaccio or Ravanello, in
linear, cut. Perhaps the same as D. tenuifolia. Flowers white.
France they are called Rabiole, Raviole, Rave, or Radis.
Pinnate-leaved Didesmus. Fl.June, July. Pl. Å foot.
* A. RADICULA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 663.) root more or less
Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating, except in botanical fleshy, white, rose, or red-coloured. R. radícula, Pers. ench. 2.
gardens. The seeds only require to be sown in the open ground,
.
p. 208. The varieties of this plant are commonly called Summer,
or Turnip-radishes.
CI. ENARTHROCA'RPUS (from evvɛa, ennea, nine, ap pov, Var. a. rotúnda (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root somewhat globose. R.
arthron, a joint, and captos, karpos, a fruit, in allusion to the pod rotúndus, Mill. dict. no. 2. This plant varies much in the color
having 9 or 10 seeds in the lower joint). Lab. syr.
of its root. We shall now add the different varieties of the
4. t. 2. D. C. syst. 2.
D. C. syst. 2. p. 660. prod. 1. p. 228.
Turnip-radish from Hort. trans. vol. 3. p. 441 to 446.
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Silique 2-jointed, lower
.
1 The early white Turnip-radish of the Dutch, Radis blanc
joint obconical, short, 1 to 3-seeded, upper joint long, 9 or 10- hátif of the French. The flesh is clear and white. This radish
seeded, loculate in the inside (f. 47, k.) Erect, branched, rough- from its superior merit ought to be introduced into every garden.
ish herbs, having the appearance of Ráphanus. Lower leaves 2 The small early white Turnip-radish or Radis blanc petit
stalked, lyrate, upper ones sessile, grossly toothed. Racemes hátif of the French. The root of this is rather pear-shaped,
elongated; pedicels filiform, erect, becoming thicker after flow- with a slight tinge of purple on its top. It is rather earlier than
ering; all or only the lower ones bracteate. Flowers yellow, the preceding kind. This is probably the Raphanus rotúndus of
veined, or purplish.
Mili. dict. no. 2.
1 E. ARCUA TUS (Lab. syr. dec. 5. p. 4. t. 2.) pods terete, 3 The pink, rose-coloured, scarlet, and crimson Turnip-radishes
torulose, scabrous; lower pedicels bracteate. O. H. Native of are all one sort. Radis rouge or Radis rose rond of the French.
Crete and Mount Lebanon. Sepals oblong-linear, with hispid This variety was introduced into England from France about
margins. Flowers purplish. Lower point of pod 1-2-seeded. 1802. The root, externally, is a fine deep scarlet; and internally
Arched-podded Enarthrocarpus. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. white. It comes in with the common white Turnip-radish. The
2 E. LYRA'TUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 661.) pods compressed, flesh is mild and good.
knotted, striated longitudinally; pedicels almost all bracteate. 4. The rose-coloured Turnip-radish or Radis rose rond hátif
O. H. Native of sandy deserts and among barley-fields about of the French. The root is both externally and internally rose-
Alexandria, also in the Nilotic islands. Ráphanus lyràtus, coloured, usually pear-shaped, but sometimes it lengthens out to
Forsk. fl. ægyp. arab. p. 119. Raphanus recurvåtus, Pers. ench. the appearance of a long-rooted radish. It is sometimes to be
2. p. 209. Delile, fl. ægypt. p. 105. t. 36. f.1. Very like E.
Very like E. found under the name of early scarlet Turnip-radish.
arcuàtus, but differs in the flowers being yellow, with purple 5 The purple Turnip-radish or Radis violet rond of the
veins, not purplish.
French. The external colour is a fine purple. The flesh is
Lyrate-leaved Enarthrocarpus. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1828. Pl. 1 ft. sometimes white and sometimes stained with purple. The Dutch
3 E. PTEROCA'RPUS (D.C. syst. 2. p. 661.) pods compressed, call it early red Turnip-radish. This is a very good Radish, but
edged with a wing, ending in a long point ; pedicels almost all not common in our gardens. This is an autumn Radish.
bracteate. O. H. Native of Egypt. Deless. icon. sel. 2. 6 The Yellow Turnip-radish or Radis jaune of the French.
. t. 93. Ráphanus pterocarpus, Pers. ench. 2. p. 209. Flowers The root is more ovate than round, somewhat inclining to pear-
yellow with purple veins ? Lower joint of pod 1-seeded. shaped, of a pale brown colour and rather rough. The flesh is
Winged-podded Enarthrocarpus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. white and firm. It is a good Radish, but is rather later than the
Pl. foot.
other early sorts.
Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating, except in bo- Var. B, oblonga (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root long, fleshy. R. sativus,
tanic gardens. They only require to be sown in the open ground, Mill. dict. no. 1.-Weinm. phyt. t. 860. f. a. Roots varying in
and treated as other hardy annuals.
colour. For the under-mentioned varieties, see Hort, trans, vol.
dec. 5. p.

CRUCIFERÆ. CII. RAPHANUS.
261
a
-
-
a
3. p. 438 to 441. The varieties are called Long-rooted or Spring cleaned, is of a beautiful purple colour, though it looks black
p
Radishes.
when first drawn out of the earth.
1 Long white Radish, white transparent, or white Italian Var. ß, rotúndus (D. C. syst. 2. p. 665.) root roundish, with
or Naples Radish. This is the oldest variety mentioned in our black skin and white flesh.-Mor. oxon. 2. p. 265. no. 1. sect.
gardens, and is called by Gerard the Radicula sativa minor. 3. t. 13. f. 1.-Weinm. phyt. t. 860. f. b. It is perhaps only a
.
It is a week later of coming to perfection than those sorts com- variety of the common Black Spanish Radish, and therefore
monly grown; it is very mild, and has a delicate pleasant flavour. may be properly called the Round Black Spanish Radish.
The root is white; the flesh is transparent when young, but Var. 7, gríseus (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root with a grey skin. For
becomes more opaque as the root enlarges. This is the La Rave the following varieties of this plant, see Hort. trans. vol. 4. p. 12
blanche of the Bon Jardinier.
and 13.
2 White Russian Radish. The root is long and white. Its 1 Round brown Radish, or Radis gris rond of the French.
flesh is not transparent, and it is much hotter to the taste than The root may be called round, though it is rather irregular in
the preceding variety. It remains good even when large, and its shape. When allowed to grow large it becomes hollow ; and
is not fit for use until a week later than the other long radishes. it therefore should be used when young. The flesh is mild,
3 Twisted long white Radish or Rave tortillée du Mans of rather soft, of a greenish white colour ; the skin is mottled with
the French. The root grows long and does not taper much. greenish brown.
greenish brown. This is an autumn Radish.
A considerable part of it grows above ground, from whence it | 2 Oblong brown Radish, or Radis gris oblong of the French.
does not rise straight, but is bent or twisted, the exposed part of Root pear-shaped. It does not grow particularly large, and is
the root is tinged with green. The flesh is white and firm with- hardier than any of the other winter Radishes, and therefore
out heat, and insipid. The footstalks of the leaves are tinged fit for late use. The flesh is hot, firm, hard, and white. The
with purple. The root is slow in coming to perfection, and may skin is rough and brown, marked with white circles,
be considered a pleasant variety for use in the latter part of the Var, d, álbus (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root of a depressed roundish
. ,
year. It is not destroyed by frost.
form; white, both externally and internally. R. orbiculàris,
4 Scarlet Radish, Salmon Radish or Rave rose of the Mill. dict. no. 3. This is called the White Spanish Radish,
French. Scarlet transparent Radish of the Dutch. The root Le Radis gros blanc d'Augsbourg of the French. The root is
8
is of a brilliant pink colour, and when young is full an inch rather oval, and grows to a large size. The flesh is rather hot,
above the ground. The flesh is transparent and colourless. firm, solid, and white. The skin is white tinged with green, and
This is the kind cultivated not only most frequently, but almost streaked with purple on the part which is exposed above ground.
exclusively, within the last 30 years, especially for the supply of Cult. Radishes are all of easy cultivation. They are sown
the London market. The Short-top Scarlet and Early Frame at various times of the year, according to the time they are de-
Scarlet Radish are sub-varieties of this plant. Perhaps the Rave signed for use. Those intended to come in early in the spring
corail, the Rave petite hâtive and the Rave couleur de rose or are generally sown in October, on a warm border: the long-
La Rave saummonée of the Bon Jardinier are also sub-varieties. rooted kinds are preferred for this purpose. The Turnip-radishes
5 Purple Radish, or Rave longue rouge of the French, though are generally sown in spring or summer, to come in after the
formerly much used, has been of late driven out of our gardens long-rooted kinds. These all force well on hot-beds, or dung-
by the universal preference given to the Scarlet Radish. It is beds covered with mats. The winter Radishes should be sown
the Long red transparent Radish of the Dutch, and it was in July; and those intended for winter use should be taken up
formerly called the Short-top Radish. The seed-leaves being in dry weather, in November, be divested of their leaves and
large has caused it to be used exclusively for small salading. fibres, and preserved in sand until they are wanted.
The root grows high out of the ground, and is externally of a Formerly the leaves of the Radish were boiled and eaten, but
deep purple colour ; the flesh is white. It is a very early sort, now the roots are chiefly employed. These are eaten raw in
equally as good in flavour as the scarlet Radish and perhaps pre- spring, summer, autumn and winter. The young seedling leaves
ferable for forcing.
are often used with Cress and Mustard, as small sallad; and
6 Red-necked Radish or Rave blanche à collier rouge of the Radish seed-pods, when of plump growth, but still young and
French. The upper part of the root is dark purple, and the lower green, are used to increase the variety of vegetable pickles, and
part white. It is a good flavoured radish, but is more remarkable are considered a tolerable substitute for capers.
for its singularity than peculiar excellence.
“ The spindle-rooted kinds are cultivated in the largest pro-
Var. y, oleifera (D. C. syst. 2. 664.) root slender, elongated, portion for the first crops. The small turnip-rooted sorts may
scarcely fleshy. R. Chinensis, Mill. dict. no. 5. This variety is be sown in spring as secondary crops, and in summer and autumn
cultivated in China for an oil, which is obtained from the seeds for more considerable supplies. The winter sorts have a coarser
by expression.
flavour than the other kinds, but being of a hardy nature, are
** B. NIGER (D.C. syst. 2. p. 665.) root with compact hardish frequently sown; they are sliced in salads, or occasionally eaten
flesh, which
,
possesses a very sharp taste. The varieties of this alone, with salt, vinegar, and other condiments."
plant are commonly called Winter-radishes.
“ The soil should be light and mellow, well broken by dig-
Var. a, vulgàris (D. C. syst. 1. c.) root oblong, with black or ging. For sowing between the middle of October and the mid-
violet skin, and white flesh. Ráphanus niger, Lob. icon. 202. dle of February, let the site be a dry sheltered border, open to
f. 1. Merat. fl. par. 265.—Mor. oxon. 2. p. 265. no. 2. sect. 3.
the full sun. From the middle of February to the end of March,
t. 13. f. 2.-Weinm phyt. t. 860. f. c. The following varieties any dry, open compartment will be suitable. As spring and
are enumerated in the Hort. trans. vol. 4.
p.
13.
summer advance, allot cooler and shaded situations. A scattering
1 Black Spanish Radish, or Le Radis gros noir d'hiver, or of the smaller growing sorts may be sown among some broad-
Le Radis Raifort, of the French. Root very large, externally cast crops of larger growth, such as Spinach, Lettuce, and Onions.
black, and regularly pear-shaped. The flesh is hot, firm, and It may be also drilled between wide rows of beans, or on ground
white.
intended to be sown with a late spring-crop.'
2 Large purple winter Radish, or Le Radis
gros
violet d'hiver The crops raised between the middle of October and middle
of the French, is a beautiful variety in shape and character. It of February, are usually confined to the spindle-rooted kinds.
much resembles the preceding variety ; but the outside, when Of the early short-top-scarlet, a first small sowing may be made
a
a
a

262
CRUCIFERÆ. CII. RAPHANUS.
а
day in
With proper
at the end of October, another in November, and another in the cover the frame at night with garden-mats or straw litter. Give
last fortnight of December, if open temperate weather; respec- gentle waterings about noon in sunny days. If the heat of the
tively to stand over the winter ; but make the principal early bed declines much, apply a moderate lining of warm dung or
sowings in January, or the beginning of February. From this stable litter to the sides, which by gently renewing the heat will
time sow every fortnight or ten days, in full succession crops, forward the Radishes for drawing in February and March. Re-
till the end of May, as well the white and red small turnip- member, as the plants advance in growth, to give more copious
rooted, as the autumn sorts. The winter sorts are sometimes admissions of air daily; either by tilting the lights several inches
raised at the beginning of summer; but the fittest season to sow in front, or, in fine mild days, by drawing the glasses mostly off;
them is from the end of June to the end of August; that is in but be careful to draw them on again in proper time. Small
July for use in autumn, and in August to provide a supply Turnip-rooted Radishes, or the white and red kinds, may be
throughout the winter.
forced in the same manner. For raising early Radishes on
Sow each sort separately, and for a bed four feet six inches ground not accommodated with frames, a hot-bed made in Febru-
twelve feet, two ounces of seed will be required of the spring ary may be arched over with hoop-bends, or pliant rods, which
sorts, and an ounce and a half for the summer, winter, and au- should be covered with mats constantly at night, and during the
tumn varieties. All the kinds may be either sown broad-cast or
very
cold weather. In moderate days turn up the mats
in drills, but the latter is preferable, as allowing the roots to at the warmest side; and on fine mild days take them off alto-
be drawn regularly with less waste. If sown broad-cast, it is a gether."
good method to make beds four or five feet wide, with alleys be- “ For seed transplant a sufficiency of the finest plants in April
tween a foot wide, the earth of which may be used to raise the or May, when the main crops are in full perfection. Draw them
beds or not, as the season may make it desirable to keep the for transplanting in moist weather, selecting the straightest, best-
beds dry or moist. Avoid sowing excessively thick, as it tends coloured roots, with the shortest tops, preserving the leaves to
to make the tops run, and the roots stringy, Rake in the seed each ; plant them by dibble, in rows, two feet and a half distant,
well, full half an inch deep, leaving none on the surface to attract inserting each root wholly into the ground, down to the leaves.
the birds. If you trace drills, let them be for the spindle- Keep the kinds in separate situations to prevent the commixture
rooted kinds, half an inch deep, and about two inches and a of the pollen, and to preserve the kinds distinct.
half asunder ; for the small turnip-rooted kinds, three quarters of watering they will soon strike fresh root, and shoot up in branchy
an inch deep, and four or five inches asunder, and for the black stalks ; producing plenty of seed; which will be ripe in Sep-
turnip or Spanish six or eight inches asunder, because the root tember or October. In transplanting for seed the turnip-rooted
grows to the size of a middle-sized turnip. As the plants ad- kinds, select those with the neatest-shaped roundest roots, of
vance in growth, thin them, so as to leave the spindle-rooted moderate growth, and with smallest tops ; they, as the other, will
kinds two inches square distance, and the other sorts three, four, ripen seed in autumn. To obtain seed of the winter sorts, sow
or five, leaving the most space to the respective sorts in free, in spring to stand for seed; or leave, or transplant in that season
growing weather ; water pretty frequently, this swells the roots some of the winter standing full roots. As the different kinds
and makes them mild and crisp.
ripen seed in autumn cut the stems, or gather the principal
The crops sown between the end of October and the end stems or branches of pods; and place them in an open, airy situ-
of February, besides being favoured in situation, will want oc- ation, towards the sun, that the pod, which is of a tough texture,
casional shelter according to the weather. On the first approach may dry and become brittle, so as readily to break and give out
of frost, whether the seed is just sown, or the plants have ap- the seed freely, whether it be threshed or rubbed out.”
peared, cover the ground, either with clean straw, dry long 2 R. CAUDATUS (Lin. mant. 95. Lin. fil. dec. 1. t. 10.) pods
haulm, or dried fern, two or three inches thick, or with mats depressed, acuminated, decumbent, longer than the whole plant.
supported with short stout pegs. The covering will keep off O. H. Native of Java. Root fusiform.
Root fusiform. Differing from the
the birds, and by its warm effect on the mould, forward the rest of this section in the pods being 1-celled, and from the
germination of the seed. The time for removing or restoring section Raphanístrum, in the pods not being torulose, and from
it must be regulated by the weather ; as the plants should be both by the calyx being bisaccate at the base, as well as the seeds
exposed to the full air whenever it can be safely done. If the being oblong, not round. The stems are purplish, with a glau-
season be cold without frost, take off the covering every morn- cous hue, at first they are erect, but at last they become pros-
ing, and put it on towards evening, and if the weather be sharp trate. Flowers the size of those of common Wallflower; pur-
and frosty, let it remain on night and day, till the plants have plish and veined. This plant is called in Java Mougri, where
advanced into the first rough leaves, and afterwards occasionally the pods are gathered and eaten as a condiment.
till the atmosphere is settled and temperate. Replace it con- Tailed-podded Radish. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1815. Pl. 1 foot.
stantly at night till there is no danger of much frost happening.
then wholly discontinue the covering. Radish seed-pods should Sect. II. RAPHANI'STRUM (altered from Raphanus.) D. C.
be taken for pickling when of plump growth, in July and August, syst. 2. p. 666. prod. 1. p. 229.-Gært. fruct. 2. p. 300. t. 143.
when still
young
and
green.
Silique terete, acuminated, having the form of a necklace (f. 47.
Abercrombie says is to obtain the earliest spring Radishes, sow m.) when mature, 1-celled ; joints 1-seeded.
on a hot-bed of dung or leaves some Early Dwarf Short Tops, 3 R. ROSTRA'TUS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 666.) pods 1-celled, 4 or
in December, January, or the beginning of February. Having 5-seeded, with striated joints, shorter than the subulate-conical
made a hot-bed two feet, or two and a half feet high of dung, style. O? H. Native of the north of Persia near Lenkeran.
place on a frame; earth the bed at top six inches deep; sow on R. Raphanístrum var. Fisch. in litt. Flowers purplish.
the surface, covering the seed with fine mould about half an inch Beaked-podded Radish. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1828. Pl. 1} foot.
thick, and put on the glasses. When the plants have come up, 4 R. RAPHANI'STRUM (Lin. spec. 953.) pods 1-celled, 3 to 8-
admit air every day, in mild, or tolerably good weather, by tilting seeded, jointed, longer than the style ; leaves simply lyrate.
the upper end of the lights, or sometimes
the front, one, two, or O. H. Native throughout the whole of Europe in corn-fields; a
three inches, that the Radishes may not draw up weak and long- troublesome weed, plentiful in Britain. Oed. fl. dan. t. 678. Curt.
shanked. If they have risen very thick, thin them, when young, fl. lond, t. 267. Schkuhr. handb. no. 1911. t. 188. Smith, engl.
moderately at first, to one or two inches apart. Be careful to bot. t. 856. R. sylvestris, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 495. Rapístrum
a
-
66

CRUCIFERÆ. CII. RAPHANUS.
263
CIII. BUNIAS.
arvénse, All. ped. no. 942. Raphanístrum Lampsàna, Gært. fr. 9 R. BIARTICULA'TUS (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 46.) pods su-
2. p. 300. t. 143. f. 6. Raphanístrum innócuum, Medik. in Ust. berose, thick, 2-jointed ; joints 1-celled, 1-seeded ; lower leaves
new. ann. 2. p. 39. Durándea unilocularis, Delarb. fl. auv. ed. lyrate, upper ones oblong, toothed. O. H. Native of China.
2. vol. 1. p. 365. Raphanus inféstus, Sal. prod. 273. Raphanís- Perhaps a species of Rapístrum or Didésmus.
trum ségetum, Baumg. fl. trans. 2. p. 280. Raphanus articulatus, Two-jointed-podded Radish. Fl. Ju. July. Pl. 1 foot.
Stok. bot. mat. med. 3. p. 482. White Charlock, Pet. hort. brit. Cult. None of these plants are worth cultivating for orna-
t. 46. f. 10.
ment, therefore those species not used for culinary purposes are
Var. a, albiflora ; flowers white, more or less streaked, with only worth preserving in botanic gardens. The seed only re-
dark veins.-Weinm. phyt. t. 862. f. a.
quires to be sown in the open ground, and the plants afterwards
Var. B, purpurascens; flowers purplish.— Weinm. phyt. t. 862. treated as other hardy annuals.
f. b.-Tab. icon. p. 407.
Var. Y, flaviflora; flowers yellow. Tab. icon.
SUB-ORDER IV. SPIROLO'BEÆ (from otelpa, speira, a
408.-J.
p.
Bauh. hist. 2. p. 844. icone. This variety at first sight is easily circle, and lofoc, lobos, a lobe ; because of the spirally twisted
confounded with Wild Charlock, Sinàpis arvensis, by its yellow cotyledons, f. 45, k. 1.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 670. prod. 1. p. 229.
.
flowers. The stems are rather glaucous.
Cotyledons incumbent, linear, spirally or rather circinnately con-
Linnæus, in a dissertation in the Amoenitates Academicæ in- volute (f. 45. k. l.). Seeds somewhat globose.
forms us, that in wet seasons this weed abounds among barley in
Sweden, and that being ground with the corn, the common peo-
Tribe XVII.
ple, who eat barley bread, are afflicted with convulsive com- BUNIA'DEÆ (plants agreeing with Bunias in some import-
plaints, or an epidemic spasmodic disease. M. Villars, however, ant characters,) or SPIROLO'BEÆ (See Sub-Order IV.)
remarks, that this weed is so common in some of the cold moist NUCAMENTA CEÆ (nucamentum, a cat-kin; shape of pods.)
vallies of Dauphiny, that it must make great ravages there, if it D. C. syst. 2. p. 670. prod. 1. p. 229.
229. Silicle nucamentaceous,
were as dangerous as Linnæus has represented it, and yet this
indehiscent, 2-4-celled (f. 46. s.). Cotyledons truly circin-
spasmodic disorder is unknown in that country, nor has it ever nately twisted (f. 45. k. l.).
been heard of in England, where it abounds. Kroker has proved
the plant to he harmless, and recommends it as a nutritious food CIII. BU'NIAS (from Bouvos, bounos, a hill; because the
for domestic quadrupeds, and as very agreeable to bees.
plants usually grow in elevated situations.) R. Br. in hort.
Wild-Radish or Jointed-podded Charlock. Fl. June, July. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 75. D. C. syst. 2. p. 670. prod. 1. p. 229.
p
Britain. Pl. l] to 2 feet.
LIN. SYST.
Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Character the same
5 R. ODESSA'NUS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 855.) pods 1-celled, 8- as the Tribe. Erect, branched herbs. Root perpendicular, sim-
angled, furrowed, equal in length with the compressed style; ple. Stems round, furnished with sessile glands on the upper
leaves somewhat lyrate, alternately runcinate. O. H.
5. H. Native
part, the rest somewhat villous with lymphatic hairs. Leaves
about Odessa. Raphanístrum Odessànum, Andrz. and Bess. pinnatifidly-runcinate, or entire. Racemes elongated; pedicels
Odessa Radish. Fl. Ju. July. Pl. 2 feet.
filiform, somewhat spreading, bractless. Flowers yellow.
6 R. LA'NDRA (Moretti, fl. insubr. ined. D. C. syst. 2. p. 668.)
.
pods 1-celled, jointed (f. 47. m.), somewhat striated, 2-6-seeded, Sect. I. ERUCA'GO (from eruca, rocket; analogy.) D.C.
longer than the subulate style ; leaves interruptedly lyrate. i. syst. 2. p. 670. prod. 1. p. 229. Tourn. inst. 232. t. 103.
H. Native of Italy, Insubria, very common among wheat and Calyx erect. Petals obcordate, bluntly emarginate. Silicle 4-
rye. Flowers yellow. Deless. icon. sel. 2. p. 94. The radical sided (f. 47. s.), with the angles furnished with crested wings,
leaves of this plant are prepared with oil, and eaten as a salad
and somewhat toothed, terminated with the filiform style ; inside
by the poor inhabitants of Insubria; and is by them called 4-celled.
Landra. Roots fusiform, yellowish.
1 B. ERUCA'GO (Lin. spec. 935.) pods 4-sided, angles crested ;
Landra Radish. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
radical leaves runcinate. O. H. Native of cultivated fields
.7 R. MARÌTIMUS (Smith, eng. bot. t. 1643.) pods 1-celled, throughout the south of Europe ; especially Spain, south of
jointed, striated, 2-6-seeded ; style conical, shorter than the France, Dauphiny, Italy, Austria, and Greece. Jacq. aust. t.
ultimate joint of the pod ; leaves interruptedly-lyrate. 3. H. 340. Boiss. fl. eur. t. 460. Myàgrum erucago, Lam. dict. 1.
Native of many parts of Europe by the sea side, Britain, in the .
p. 571. no. 12. Myàgrum clavatum, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 482. .
Isle of Bute, on the sea beach, 3 miles from the Mull of Gal- Erucago dentàta, Moench. Erucago Monspeliaca, Jaume. Eru-
loway ; in various parts of the coast of Ayrshire, and on rocks càgo campestris, Desv. Erucago runcinata, Horn. Flowers
near Beachy Head, Sussex. Flowers yellow, scarcely veined. drooping at night.
Root large, succulent, sometimes, according to Dr. Walker, last- Rocket-Bunias. Fl. Apr. Jul. Clt. 1640. Pl. 1 to 1] foot.
ing three years, and preferable to Horse-Radish for the table. 2 B. A'SPERA (Retz. obs. 2. p. 21.) pods 4-sided ; angles
Cattle were observed by Dr. Walker to be very fond of the crested ; leaves all lanceolate. O. H. Native of Portugal, on the
herbage. Ráphanus raphanístrum, var. Y, Smith. fl. brit. 2. p. banks of the Douro, near Oporto. Myàgrum ásperum, Poir.
723. Great White Charlock, Pet. herb. brit. t. 46. f. 11. suppl. 2. p. 47. Erucago áspera, Horn. hafn. 2. p. 593.
Sea-side-Radish. Fl. May, June. Britain. Pl. 3 to 4 feet. Var. B, cristàta (D. C. syst. 2. p. 672.) lower leaves sinu-
ately-toothed. Bunias áspera, Brot. A. lus. 1.
p.
562. B. cris-
† Species not sufficiently known.
tàta, Desv.
Rough Bunias. Fl. June. Clt. 1820. Pl. 17 foot.
8 R. LANCEOLA'TUS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 562.) pods 2-celled,
ventricose, smooth, with a somewhat 4-sided beak; leaves ob- Sect. II. LAE'LIA (Lael, the name of some botanist.) D. C.
long-lanceolate, somewhat toothed at the top. O.? H. Native syst. 2. p. 672. prod. 1. p. 230. Silicles ovate, 2-celled.
of the Antilles. Sinapis integrifolia, West. St. Cruc. p. 222. 3 B. ORIENTA'LIS (Lin. spec. 936.) pods ovate, 2-celled, not
from Willd. Flowers middle-sized, yellow. Pods half an inch crested, but somewhat warted. 2. H. Native of
Native of grassy and
long.
cultivated places, in Transylvania ; very common throughout
Lance-leaved Radish. Fl.? Pl. 14 foot.
European Russia, and in Siberia. It is now very common about
1

264
CRUCIFERÆ. CIII. BUNIAS. CIV. ERUCARIA. CV. CHAMIRA. CVI. HELIOPHILA.
p. 231.
Paris, having migrated from gardens. Schkuhr. handb. 2. no. derived from vno, under, and yn, the earth ; because the plant
,
;
1918. t. 189. Rapístrum glandulòsum, Berg. phyt. 3. p. 163. grows close to the earth.
icon. Myàgrum taraxacifòlium, Lam. dict. 1. p. 570. no. 10. Hypogæus Erucaria. Fl. May, July. Pl. 2 inches.
Bunias verrucòsa, Moench. meth. 278. Bùnias perennis, Monch.
suppl. 91. Laelia orientalis, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 160.
§. 2. Upper joint of silique pointed with the sessile stigma.
Var. B, Winterli (D. C. syst. 2. p. 672.) leaves pubescent- 6 E. CRASSIFOLIA (Delile, ill. fl. ægyp. p. 20. pl. bot. t. 34. f.
hoary. Crambe, spec. nov. Winter), hort. Pesth. Bunias 1. descr. p. 100.) stigma sessile ; beak longer than pod ; leaves
Wintérli, Schult. obs. p. 121. no. 925.
pinnate-parted, thick ; lobes linear. O. H. Native of Egypt,
Oriental Bunias. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1731. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. frequent about the Saqqarah Pyramids. Brassica crassifolia,
Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating except in bo- Forsk. fl. ægyp. arab. descr. p. 118. Herb fleshy. Flowers from
tanic gardens. They are all propagated by seeds, which only white to violet, scarcely so large as those of E. Aléppica. This
.
require to be sown in the open ground.
plant has a hot taste like Cress.
Thick-leaved Erucaria. Fl. June, Dec. Clt. 1823. Pl. foot.
Tribe XVIII.
7 E. HYRCA’NICA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 676.) stigma sessile; beak
ERUCARIE'Æ (plant agreeing with Erucària in many import- length of pod ; leaves few, grossly toothed.' 0.? H. Native of
ant characters,) or SPIROLO'BĒÆ (See Sub-Order IV.) LO-
the North of Persia. Sisymbrium myàgro affine, Stev. in litt.
MENTA'CEÆ (lomentum, a loment; shape of pods.) D. C.
Flowers when dry cream-coloured.
syst. 2. p. 673. prod. 1. p. 230. Silique lomentaceous, 2-jointed,
Hyrcanian Erucaria. Fl. Ju. July. Pl. 1 to 1į foot.
.
lower joint 2-celled, upper one ensiform (f. 47. I.) Cotyledons
Cult. None of these plants are worth cultivating except in
replicate and somewhat spiral (f. 45. 1.)
botanic gardens. The seeds only require to be sown in the open
ground, and the plants treated like other hardy annuals.
CIV. ERUCA'RIA (from eruca, rocket; analogy.) Gært.
fr. 2. p. 298. t. 143. f. 9. D. C. syst. 2. p. 673. prod. 1.
SUB-ORDER V. DIPLECOLO'BEÆ (from delaš, diplax,
double, and Roßos, lobos, a lobe; because the cotyledons have
LIN. Syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa. Character the same
SYST
a double plait, or two legs, f. 45. m. f. 47. p.) D. C. syst. 2. p.
as tribe. Smooth, erect, branched, annual herbs. Stems round, 776. prod. 1. p. 230.
whitish, older ones hard at the base. Cauline leaves pinnate- Cotyledons incumbent, linear, with two legs or a double plait,
parted or rarely deeply-toothed, usually rather fleshy. Racemes that is to say plaited twice crosswise (f. 45. m. f. 47. p.).
opposite the leaves and terminal, elongating as they grow old;
Seeds depressed.
pedicels short, strictly erect, bractless. Flowers from white to
Tribe XIX.
purplish. Habit of Cakile.
HELIOPHI'LEÆ (plants agreeing with Helióphila in many
§. 1. Upper joint of silique ending in the filiform style.
characters,) or DIPLECOLO'BEÆ (See Sub-order V.) SILI-
1 E. ALE'PPICA (Gært. fruct. 1. c.) pods styliferous ; leaves QUO'SÆ (siliqua, a long pod; pods long.) D. C. syst. 2.
pinnate-parted; lobes linear, those of the lower leaves pinnatifid, p. 676. prod. 231. Silique elongated (f. 47. o.), rarely oblong
those of the upper ones entire. O. H. Native of the islands or oval, with a linear or oval dissepiment; valves flat, or in those
in the Grecian Archipelago ; in Asia-Minor; about Alexan- with elongated siliques rather convex (f. 47. o.).
dria, and in Syria near Aleppo. Vent. hort. cels. t. 64.
Bùnias myagroides, Lin. mant. 96. Cordylocarpus lævigàtus,
CV. CHAMI'RA (from xapai, chamai, on the ground ; plant
Willd. spec. 3. p. 563. Smith, fl. græc. t. 649. Cakìle mya- weak and laying on the ground.) Thunb. nov. gen. pl. 2. p. 48,
groides, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 88? Didésmus myagrożdes, Desv. D. C. syst. 2. p. 677. prod. 1. p. 231.
journ. bot. 3. p. 160 ? Stems glaucous at top. Flowers pale LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa, Calyx with 2 spurs
violet. Seed in the lower joint oblong, that in the upper orbi-
at the base. A smooth, weak herb. Leaves stalked, cordate,
cular.
grossly toothed. Racemes lax; pedicels filiform, bractless.
Aleppo Erucaria. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1680. Pl. 1 foot.
.
Flowers white. Silique ovate-oblong.
2 E. LATIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 675.) pods styliferous, 1 C. CORNU'TA (Thunb. 1. c.) O. H. Native of the Cape
leaves pinnate-parted ; lobes oblong, deeply toothed. O. H. of Good Hope, in the fissures of the rocks called Vitteklip.
Native of Egypt, and in Syria, near Aleppo. Deless, icon. sel. Helióphila circeoides, Lin. fil. suppl. 298. Leaves alternate,
2. t. 95. Sinapis Hispánica, Herb. Banks. Flowers pale violet, almost kidney-shaped.
not so large as those of E. Aléppica.
Horned-calyxed Chamira. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1828. Pl. & foot.
Broad-leaved Erucaria. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
Cult. The seeds of Chamèra should be sown in a pot filled
3 E. OLIVE'rii (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 915.) silique styliferous, with a mixture of peat and sand, in the month of March, then
Olive'rii
scabrous ; leaves pinnatifid, pubescent; segments linear, bluntly placed in a hot-bed, and when the plants are grown to a suffi-
toothed. 0. H. Native of Syria between Mossul and Bagdad. cient size, which will be about the end of April, they may be
Ráphanus cakiloìdes, D. C. syst. 2. p. 669. Flowers pale violet. planted out into the open border, in a dry, warm situation, where
Oliver's Erucaria. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot.
they will flower, and ripen their seed.
4 E.? TENUIFO'LIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 675.) lower joint of pod
2-seeded, upper joint 1-seeded ; leaves bipinnate-parted, lobes CVI. HELIO'PHILA (from ndios, helios, the sun, and
linear. O. H. Native of Spain. Sinapis Hispánica, Lin. pilew, phileo, to love; because the plants grow in places ex-
spec. 935. exclusive of the synonym of Tournefort. Flowers posed to the sun.) N. Burm. in Lin. gen. no. 816. Lam. ill. t.
purplish.
563. D. C. syst. 2. p. 677. prod. 1. p. 231.
Slender-leaved Erucaria. Pl. 1 foot.
LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliquòsa. Calyx equal at the
5 E. HYPOGÆ'a (Viv. append. Al. cors. in. Schlecht. Linneæ. base. Annual herbs or sub-shrubs. Roots slender. Stem
1.
p. 501.) pods styliferous ; leaves pinnate; leaflets sessile, tri- round, branched. Leaves very variable. Racemes elongated ;
angularly falcate ; scape naked, 1-flowered. O. H. Native of pedicels filiform, bractless. Flowers yellow, white, but usually
Corsica. Sisymbrium monánthon, Viv. Al. libyc. The name is blue.
a
a

CRUCIFERÆ. CVI. HELIOPHILA.
265
3
the apex.
Sect. I. CARPONE'MA (from kapos, karpos, a fruit, and Stem-clasping-leaved Heliophila. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1774.
vnua, nema, a thread; because of the slender pods.) D. C. Pl. Å foot.
syst. 2. p. 679. prod. 1. p. 231. Silique sessile, terete, scarcely 8 H. RIVA'LIS (Burch. cat. pl. afr. aust. extratrop. no. 5496.)
contracted between the seeds, acuminated at both ends, indehis- herbaceous, smooth; pods moniliform, erectish ; leaves pinnati-
;
cent or hardly dehiscent. A weak annual herb.
fid, with 3 or 4 pairs of linear-acute lobes ; petals obovate. 0.
1 H. FILIFÓRMIS (Lin. fil. suppl. 296.) herbaceous, smooth ; H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in humid places at
pods terete, tapering towards both ends; leaves linear, awl- Melkhout-Kraal, near NysnaLam. ill. t. 563. f. 2. Flowers
shaped. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. ill. white, sometimes changing to lilac.
t. 563. f. 3.? Flowers small, purplish, or bluish.
River-side Heliophila. Fl. Jun. Sep. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 foot.
Filiform-podded Heliophila. F1. Jul. Aug. Cit. 1786. Pl. 9 H. VARIA'BILIS (Burch, cat. georgr. pl. afr. aust. extratrop.
1} foot.
no. 1249.) herbaceous, smooth ; pods moniliform, erectish ; leaves
pinnate-parted, with 3 or 4 pairs of linear-acute lobes ; petals
Sect. II. LEPTO'RMUS (from Lentos, leptos, slender, and oblong-linear. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope in
oppos, ormos, a necklace; in allusion to the pods being slender, as the desert called Roggeweld-Karro, near Juck-river. Flowers
well as being contracted between the seeds, giving them the at first white, but changing to pale rose. Habit of H. Chame-
appearance of a necklace.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 680. prod. 1. p. 231.
p
melifòlia. Terminal lobe of leaf much elongated.
Silique sessile, somewhat compressed, very slender, somewhat Variable-flowered Heliophila. Fl. Ju. Sept. Pl. foot.
necklace-formed, contracted between the seeds; joints ovate-ob- 10 H. PE'NDULA (Willd, spec. 3. p. 529.) herbaceous smooth;
long. Smaller stamens usually furnished with a tooth, Annual pods moniliform, pendulous ; leaves pinnate-parted, with 3 or 5
herbs, intermediate between Sect. Ormíscus and Carponèma. pairs of linear-entire lobes. O. H. Native of the Cape of
2 H. DISSE'CTA (Thunb. prod. 108.) herbaceous, smooth ;
108.) herbaceous, smooth; Good Hope. H. pinnàta, Vent, malm. t. 113. not Lin. H.
pods very slender, somewhat necklace-formed, terminated by the coronopifòlia, var. ß, Lam. dict. 3. p. 90. ill. t. 562. f. 2. Petals
thick knotted stigma ; leaves filiform, entire, trifid or parted at dirty-white, with short yellowish claws.
O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers Pendulous-podded Heliophila. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1792. Pl.
blue. This is a very pretty species.
1 to 1] foot.
Var. B, H. pinnàta; var. (Vahl. herb.) Flowers,
hen dry,
11 H. TRIFIDA (Thunb. prod. 108.) herbaceous, smooth ;
white.
pods moniliform, rather pendulous ; leaves trifid or pinnately-
Dissected-leaved Heliophila. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1792. Pl. ft. quinquefid; lobes entire, filiform.
quinquefid; lobes entire, filiform.. O. H. Native of the Cape
3 H. TENE'LLA (Banks. herb. D. C. syst. 2. p. 680.) herba- of Good Hope. H. pinnata, Lin. fil. suppl. 297. Stems divid-
ceous, smooth ; pods? Leaves filiform, entire ; stem simple. ing at the neck into many branches, which form a tuft. Flowers
,
O. H. Native of - ? Very like H. dissécta, but the pods small, purplish, almost like those of Arabis vérna.
are unknown. Flowers blue?
Trifid-leaved Heliophila. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1819. Pl. 3
Tender Heliophila. Fl. Ju. July. Pl. . foot.
or 4 inches.
4 H. TENUISÍLIQUA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 680.) herbaceous, 12 H. PusíLLA (Lin. fil. suppl. 297.) herbaceous, smooth ;
smooth ; pods very slender, compressed, somewhat moniliform, pods moniliform, spreading ; leaves linear-setaceous, entire. O.
,
terminated by the acuminated stigma ; leaves linear, entire. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. A'rabis Capensis,
H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. Burm. fl. cap. 18.—Pluk. mant. 135. t. 432. f. 2. Racemes
96. A'rabis Capensis, Burm. herb. Flowers when dry whitish,
Flowers when dry whitish, corymbose, 6-8-flowered. Flowers small, white.
but when fresh probably reddish.
Small Heliophila. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1824. Pl. 2 inches.
Thin-podded Heliophila. Pl. 1 foot.
13 H. LEPIDIOIDES (Link. enum. 2. p. 174.) herbaceous,
5 H. LONGIFO'LIA (D.C. syst. 2. p. 681.) herbaceous, smooth; smooth, decumbent; pod erectly-spreading, oblong-ovate, some-
pods very slender, compressed, somewhat moniliform; stigma what repand on the margin, few-seeded; leaves pinnatifid, with
punctiform ; leaves linear, entire, or 3-parted. O. H. Native linear-lobes.
O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers blue. Habit of H. pilòsa, Trentepòhlia lepidioides, Roth. nov. spec. 326. ? Flowers
but differs from it in the plant being smooth.
white, very small.
Long-leaved Heliophila. Fl.? Pl. foot.
.
Cress-like Heliophila. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1820. Pl. to foot.
6 H. SONCHIFOLIA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 681.) herbaceous, 14 H. SESSILIFLO'RA (Burch, cat. geogr. pl. afr. aust. extra-
smooth ; pods slender, somewhat compressed, torulose ; radical trop. no 1318 and 1391.) herbaceous, smooth; pods moniliform ;
leaves pinnatifid, with 2 or 3 pairs of linear lobes. O.H. Na- leaves pinnate-parted, with linear-subulate lobes ; stamens fur-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers blue. Sepals oblong,
Sepals oblong, nished on each side with a tooth. O. H. Native of the Cape
hardly membranous on the margin. Habit of Sonchus picrożdes. of Good Hope, in the territory called Roggeweld, near the Jackal-
Sonthistle-leaved Heliophila. Fl. Ju. July. Pl. | foot. fountain. Habit nearly of H. péndula. Petals obovate, white.
It is doubtful whether this plant belongs to this Section or to
Sect. III. Ormíscus (from opplokos, ormiskos, a small neck-
that of Leptórmus.
lace; because of the pods having links like a necklace.) D. C. Sessile-flowered Heliophila. Fl. Ju. Sep. Pl.foot
syst: 2. p. 682. prod. 1. p. 231. Silique sessile, much com-
pressed, moniliform, with the margins narrowed or contracted SECT. IV. SELENOCARPÆ'A (from celnun, selene, the moon,
between the seeds; joints orbicular, 1-seeded; seeds orbicular, and capto's, karpos, a fruit; in allusion to the shape of the pods
much compressed. Stamens toothless in all except H. sessilifo- as well as the former name of the plants.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 684.
.
lia, no. 14. Herbs annual.
prod. 1. p. 232.
232. Silicles sessile, compressed, oval or orbicular,
7 H, AMPLEXICAU’LIS (Lin. fil. suppl. 296.) herbaceous,
)
few-seeded. Seeds compressed, orbicular. Smooth annual
smooth; pods moniliform; lower leaves opposite, upper ones herbs, branching from the base.
alternate, cordate, stem-clasping, oblong, entire. O.H. Native 15 H. DIFFU'SA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 685.) herbaceous, smooth;
of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. fragm. 49. t. 64. f. 2. Tren- pods oval-oblong, 4-8-seeded; leaves pinnate-parted, with fili-
tepòhlia integrifolia, Mertens. H. integrifòlia, Mus. hort. monsp. form entire lobes. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Flowers small, from white to purplish.
Lunària diffusa, Thunb. prod. 107. Farsètia diffusa, Desv.
MM
4
a
4
VOL. I.-PART III.

266
.
CRUCIFERÆ. CVI. HELIOPHILA.
a
-
journ. bot. 3. p. 173. Ricòtia multífida, Herb. Banks. Tren- Straight-podded Heliophila. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
tepòhlia lepidioides, Roth. nov. spec. 326.? Flowers small, Pl. to 1 foot.
whitish? Seeds 2-4 in each cell.
23 H. TRIFU'RCA (Burch. cat. geogr. pl. afr. aust. extratrop.
Diffuse-branched Heliophila. Fl. June, Sept. Cit. 1818. no. 1487.) smooth; pods linear, deflexed ; leaves very narrow,
Pl. foot.
3-forked ; lobes linear, very entire. 0. H. Native of the
18 H. PELTA'RIA (D.C. syst. 2. p. 685.) herbaceous, smooth; Cape of Good Hope, near Sack river. H. tripartita, Thunb.
pods oval-orbicular, 2-4-seeded ; leaves pinnate-parted ; lobes prod. 108? Petals large, obovate, appearing when dry pale-
linear, entire. 0. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. purplish, 4 lines long, and 3 lines broad.
Peltària Capensis, Lin.
fil. suppl. 296. Lunària pinnata, Thunb. Three-forked-leaved Heliophila. Fl. June, Sept. Pl. 1 to
prod. 107. Aurinia Capensis, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 162. 2 feet.
Farsètia pinnata, Desv. journ. bot. 3. p. 173. Flowers small, 24 H. PECTINA'TA (Burch cat. geogr. pl. afr. austr. extratrop.
whitish. Cells of silicle usually 1-seeded.
no. 1362, and 1397.) smooth; pods linear, pendulous ; leaves
.
Shield-podded Heliophila. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. Pl. pinnate-parted, with 4 or 5 pair of approximate lobes.
Ο. Η.
4 to foot.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in Roggeweld territory,
near the rivulet called Riet river. Farsètia elongata, Desv.
Sect. V. OrthóSELIS (from opos, orthos, upright, and genus, journ. bot. 3. p. 173? Flowers small, whitish. Stem much
selis, the side of a leaf; because the margins of the pods are branched. Seeds small, not margined.
straight, or nearly so.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 685. prod. 1. p. 232.
p
. Pectinated-leaved Heliophila. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1819.
Siliques sessile, compressed, linear, with straight margins, or
Pl. 1 foot.
scarcely contracted between the seeds, (f. 47, o.) apiculate by the 25 H. FENICULA CEA (R. Br. in hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p.
style. Lateral stamens usually toothless.
100.) hairy; pods linear, spreading ; leaves pinnately or bipin-
nately parted ; lobes filiform. O. H. Native of the Cape of
§. 1. Annual Herbs.
Good Hope. Flowers small, purple.
17 H. PILO'SA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 90.) stem hispid with Fennel-like Heliophila. Fi. June, Sept. Clt. 1774. Pl.
spreading hairs; pods linear ; leaves rather hairy, sometimes 14 foot.
linear, entire, sometimes trifid at the top, and cuneated at the 26 H. CHAMÆMELIFÒLIA (Burch. cat. geogr. pl. afr. austr.
hase. O. H.
O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals pale extratrop. no. 1226.) pilose at the base, smooth at the top ; pods
blue, twice the length of the calyx. An elegant plant. .
linear, erectish ; leaves pinnate-parted; lobes linear, very entire,
Var. a, integrifolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 685.) leaves linear, en- acute. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, at Onge-
tire. H. integrifòlia, Lin. spec. 926, exclusive of the synonym luke's river, in Roggeweld's-Karro. Flowers white. Plant very
of Pluk. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 506. Cheiránthus Africanus, like H. crithmifolia, but differs in not being pubescent.
Lin. amoen. acad. 6. p. 90. Helióphila, Burm. nov. act. ups. 1. Camomile-leaved Heliophila. Fl. June, Sept. Plt. { foot.
p. 1773. p. 94. t. 7.-Lam. ill. 563. f. 1.
27 H. CRITHMIFÒLIA (Willd. enum. 2. p. 682.) velvety-pu-
Var. B, incìsa (D. C. syst. 2. p. 686.) leaves cuneated at bescent; pods linear, drooping ; leaves pinnate-parted; some-
the base, and divided into 3 linear-lobes at the apex. H. ara- what fleshy; lobes rather filiform, and furrowed on the upper
bioides, Sims, bot, mag. t. 496.
surface. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Deless.
Hairy Heliophila. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1768. Pl. I to 1 foot. icon. sel. 2. t. 97. Sisymbrium crithmifolium, Roth. nov. pl.
18 H. DIGITA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 296.) stem hispid from spec. 225. Flowers small, violet.
spreading hairs ; pods linear ; leaves oval, entire, or here and Var. B, H. parviflòra (Burch cat. geogr. afr. aust. extratrop.
there grossly toothed. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good no. 1236.) Not differing from the species, unless that the flow-
Hope. Jacq. fil. icon. in herb. Jacq. H. coronopifolia, Thunb. ers are white, not violet.
prod. 107.? Perhaps only a variety of H. pilosa. Flowers Samphire-leaved Heliophila. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816.
pale-blue. Leaves sometimes cut into 5-6 lobes.
Pl. | foot.
Digitate-leaved Heliophila. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1819. Pl.
1 to foot.
$ 2 Stems frutescent or shrubby.
19 H. INCÌSA (Herb. Banks. and D. C. syst. 2. p. 687.)
smooth; pods linear ; leaves oblong, cuneated at the base, lobed 28 H. ABROTANIFÒLIA (herb. Banks and D. C. syst. 2. p. 690.)
top;
lobes
narrow, acute. O. H. Native of the Cape of smooth ; pods linear, spreading ; leaves 3 to 5-lobed ; lobes awl-
Good Hope. Flowers middle-sized, yellow.
shaped, short. ħ. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Cut-leaved Heliophila. Fl. June, Sept. Pl. foot.
Flowers middle-sized, white? Calyxes membranous. Seeds
20 H. DIVARICA'TA (Herb. Banks. and D. C. syst. 2. p. 687.) flat, margined, orbicular.
smooth; pods ? leaves linear, quite entire ; branches spreading. Southernwood-leaved Heliophila. Shrub } foot.
O.? H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers when 29 H. GLAU'CA (Burch. cat. geogr. afr. austr. extratrop. no.
dry yellowish. Habit of Lepidium graminifolium.
4782.) smooth, glaucous ; pods linear, erect; leaves oblong,
Divaricate-branched Heliophila. Fl. Ju. Sept. Pl. foot.
|
rather fleshy, lower ones blunt, upper ones acute.
h. G.
Na-
21 H. CORONOPIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 927, exclusive of the sy- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white, about the size
nonym of Pluk.) smooth ; pods linear ; leaves pinnate-parted ; of those of Vēlla pseŭdo-cytisus.
lobes linear, quite entire. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Var. cándida (D. C. syst. 2. p. 690.) flowers white. Burch.
Hope.--Herm. lugd. 366. and 367. icon. Flowers blue-violet, 1. c. no. 4782. Native near Loeri river.
spreading. Perhaps belonging to this section.
Var. B, purpurascens (D. C. syst. 1. c.) flowers tinged with
Buck-horn-leaved Heliophila. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1778.
Clt. 1778. purple.
Burch. 1. c. no. 4969. Native in the territory of
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Langekloof.
22 H. STRÍCTA (Sims, bot. mag. 2526.) leaves hairy, lower Glaucous Heliophila. Shrub 1} to 2 feet.
ones lanceolate, pinnatifid, upper ones linear, quite entire ; pods 30 H. FASCICULA'RIS (herb. Banks, and D. C. syst. 2. p. 691.)
straight, mucronate, pubescent. O. H. Native of the Cape of smooth; pods linear, somewhat erect, scarcely longer than the
Good Hope. Flowers blue.
pedicels ; leaves filiform. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good
4
at the
al,
1

CRUCIFERÆ. CVI. HELIOPHILA.
267
a
Hope. Flowers? Bearing small leafy branches in the axils of conical, smooth style ; leaves oblong. n. G. Native of the
the leaves. Silique linear, a line in breadth.
Cape of Good Hope. H. frutéscens, Lam. dict. 3. p. 91. Petals
p
Bundled Heliophila. Shrub 1 foot.
blueish-purple, longer than the calyx.
31 H. SUAVISSIMA (Burch. cat. geogr. pl. afr. aust. extra- Hoary Heliophila. Fl. May, Aug. cit. 1774.
Cit. 1774. Shrub 2 ft.
trop, no. 2742.) smooth ; pods almost linear, narrowed at the
base, spreading ; leaves linear-subulate, acutish. h. G. Na- Sect. VII. LANCEOLA'RIA (from lancea, a lance ; lanceolate
tive of the Cape of Good Hope, near Plettenbergs-Baaken. H. shape of pods.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 695. prod. 1. p. 235. Siliques
p
júncea, Vahl. herb. Flowers very sweet-scented, violet. sessile, lanceolate, ending in a short style; seeds large. Cotyle-
Very-sweet-scented-flowered Heliophila. Shrub 1 foot. dons 2-legged, somewhat twisted. A little smooth shrub.
32 H. SUBULATA (Burch. cat. geogr. afr. aust. extratrop. no. 39 H. MACROSPE'RMA (Burch. cat. geogr. pl. afr. austr. ex-
6214.) pubescent; pods linear, spreading, not narrowed at the tratrop. no. 3425.) pods lanceolate, ending in the short style;
base ; leaves linear-subulate, very acute. h. G. Native of leaves linear, acute.
h. G.
Native of the Cape of Good
the Cape of Good Hope, at Hartenbosch, near Mossel Bay. Hope, on rocks at Zwart-Waterpoost. Flowers unknown.
This plant, at first sight, has the appearance of a variety of H. Large-seeded Heliophila. Shrub 1 foot.
suavíssima. Flowers violet?
Flowers violet ? Petals oblong.
Subulate-leaved Heliophila. Shrub 1 foot.
SECT. VIII. CARPOPO'DIUM (from kaptos, karpos, a fruit,
33 H. PLATYSI’LIQUA (R. Br. in hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. and TOUS todos, pous podos, a foot ; in allusion to the pods being
99.) smooth ; pods linear, erect, or pendulous ; leaves fleshy, seated on pedicels.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 695. prod. 1. p. 235.
.
terete. n. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Chei- Siliques compressed, elongated, linear, standing on long pedicels,
ránthus carnòsus, Thunb. prodr. 108. Hésperis cheiránthus pointed by the short style. A smooth erect shrub.
carnòsus, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 197. Flowers purple. Sepals 40 H. CLEOMOIDES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 695.) pods compressed,
with membranous margins. Stems whitish.
pedicellate ; leaves linear-lanceolate. h. G. Native of the
Broad-podded Heliophila. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1774.
Fl. July, August. Clt. 1774. Cape of Good Hope. Deless. icon. sel. 2. t. 99. Cleòme Ca-
Shrub 1 foot.
pénsis, Lin. spec. 940. Cheiránthus stríctus, Lin. fil. suppl. 296.
.
34 H. LINEARIFO'LIA (Burch. cat. geogr. afr. austr. extra- Petals oblong, yellow, a little longer than the calyx.
trop. no. 347, and 793.) smoothish; pods erect, linear, pointed Cleome-like Heliophila. Fl. July. Clt. 1802. Sh. 1 foot.
with the style ; leaves linear, acute, quite entire. h.G. Na-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope, in the vicinity of Cape Town.
† Species not sufficiently known.
Flowers blue. Stems erect, or decumbent.
41 H. MOLLUGI'NEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 696.) O. H. Native
Var. B, hirsùta (Burch. l. c. no. 5518.) plant rather hairy. of the Cape of Good Hope.- Pluk alm. 213. t. 200. f. 3.
Native at Nysna, in the region of Anteniqua-land.
Weinm. phyton. t. 641. f. c. from the figure the leaves are op-
Linear-leaved Heliophila. Fl. July, August.
Fl. July, August. Clt. 1819. posite, 3-parted, with linear acute lobes. Flowers blue.
Shrub 1 foot.
Mollugo-like Heliophila. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
35 H. STYLO'SA (Burch. cat. geogr. afr. aust. extratrop. no. 42 H. LINIILO'RA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 696.) O. H. Native
3291.) smooth ; pods linear, pendulous; style filiform longer of the Cape of Good Hope.—Herm. lugd. b. 366. Pods up-
than the pedicel; leaves linear, quite entire. h. G. Native right. Leaves narrow, toothed. Flowers blue.--Tourn. inst. 223.
of the Cape of Good Hope, at Komme-dakka. Petals oblong- Flax-flowered Heliophila. Fl. June, July. Pl. š foot. .
linear, apparently from yellow to reddish in a dry state.
43 H. HETEROPHY'LLA (Thunb. prodr. 107.) O.? H. Na-
Long-styled Heliophila. Fl. July, August. Shrub 1 to ft.
. tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Stem branched ; leaves fili-
36 H. virga’TA (Burch. cat. pl. afr. austr. extratrop.) smooth ; form, lower ones 3-parted, upper ones entire. Scarcely differing
pods somewhat deflexed, linear, pointed with the filiform style, from H. linearifolia.
which is longer than the pedicel ; leaves ovate, entire, or toothed. Various-leaved Heliophila. Pl. 1 foot.
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
44 H. LYRA'TA (Thunb. prodr. p. 108.) Native of the Cape
Var. a, integrifolia (D. C. syst. 2. p. 693.) leaves entire ; of Good Hope. Leaves lyrate. Pods terete.
.
.
flowers yellowish-white. Burch. l. c. no. 4605.
Lyrate-leaved Heliophila. Fl.? Pl.?
Var. B, dentàta (D. C. l. c.) leaves grossly and sharply 45 H. LINEA'RIS (D. C. syst. 2. p. 697.) O.H. Native of
toothed; flowers white, sweet-scented. Burch. 1. c. no. 3933. the Cape of Good Hope. Hesperis cheiránthus lineáris, Poir.
Twiggy Heliophila. Shrub 2 feet.
2
suppl. 3. p. 197. Cheiranthus lineáris, Thunb. prodr. 108.
37 H. SCOPA'RIA (Burch. cat. geogr. pl. afr. austr. extratrop. no. Stems erect, herbaceous. Leaves linear, smooth.
7887, and 8557.) smooth; pods erect, linear, ending in the short Linear-leaved Heliophila. Pl. 1 foot.
style ; (f. 47, o.) leaves linear-subulate ; racemes few-flowered. 46 H. CALLOSA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 696.) H.G. Native of
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, in the vicinity of the Cape of Good Hope. Cheiránthus callosus, Lin. fil. suppl.
Cape Town, and on the Baviaans-Kloof mountains. Cheirán- 296.
296. Stem shrubby, angular. Leaves lanceolate entire, callose.
thus stríctus, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 781. Flowers white, tipped with Callous-leaved Heliophila. Shrub 1 ? foot.
red. Habit of plant very unlike any of the other species of 47 H. GRAMI'NEA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 697.) O. H. Native
Helióphila.-Deless icon. sel. 2. t. 98.
.
of the Cape of Good Hope. Cheiranthus gramíneus, Thunb.
Broom Heliophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802.
Clt. 1802. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. prodr. 108. Hesperis cheiranthus gramíneus, Poir. suppl. 3. p.
167. Stem herbaceous, simple, erect.
Radical leaves ensiform.
Sect. VI. PACHY'STYLUM (from Taxus, pachys, thick, and Grassy-leaved Heliophila. Pl. 1 foot.
otulos, stylos, a style; because the pods are terminated by a 48 H.? ELONGA'TA (D. C. syst. 2. p. 697.) O. H.? Na-
thick conical style.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 694. prod. 1. p. 234. . tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Cheiranthus elongatus, Thunb.
Siliques sessile, somewhat compressed, linear, velvety, crowned prodr. 108. Hésperis cheiránthus elongatus, Poir. suppl. 3.
by the thick conical short style. A pubescent sub-shrub, with p. 197. Stem herbaceous, erect. Leaves linear, entire, smooth.
entire leaves.
Elongated Heliophila. Pl. a foot.
38 H. INCA'NA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. p. 397. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. Cult. This genus is composed of pretty little plants, which
99.) pods linear, compressed, velvety, terminated by the thick, deserve to be cultivated in every garden. The seeds of the annual
-
M M2

268
CRUCIFERÆ. CVII. SUBULARIA.
CVII. SUBULARIA. CVIII. PLATYPETALUM.
CIX. BRACHYCARPÆA.
CX. SCHIZOPETALON.
a
kinds should be sown in pots early in the spring, and placed either Doubtful Platypetalum. Pl. 1 foot.
in a green-house or gentle hot-bed; and in May the plants should Cult. These little alpine plants will require to be grown in
be planted out into the open border, in a warm dry situation. A pots filled with a mixture of peat and sand, and treated as other
light sandy soil will suit them best. The green-house species alpine plants. They may be either increased by cuttings, made
are all little shrubby plants, and grow freely in a mixture of sand, of the barren shoots, or by seeds.
loam, and peat. They may be either increased by seeds, or
Tribe XXI.
young cuttings will root readily if planted in a pot of sand, and
then placed under a hand-glass.
BRACHYCARPEÆ, or DIPLECOLO‘BEÆ (see Sub-Ord.
V.) ANGUSTISEʻPTÆ (angustus, narrow, and septum, a par-
Tribe XX.
tition ; dissepiment narrow.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 698. prod. 1. p.
SUBULARIEÆ (plants agreeing with Subulària in some 235. Silicle didymous (f. 51. a.), or twin, with a very narrow
characters), or DIPLÉCOLO'BEÆ (see Sub-Ord. V.) LATI- dissepiment, and very ventricose valves, one-seeded cells, and
SEʻPTE (from latus, broad, and septum, a partition ; dissepi- a short style. (f. 51. b.) Cotyledons biplicate ?
ment broad.) D. C. syst. 2. p. 697. prod. 1. p. 235.
p
Silicle
oval, (f. 47. n.) with an elliptical dissepiment, convex valves, CIX. BRACHYCARPÆA (from Bpaxus, brachys, short,
many-seeded cells, and a sessile stigma. (f. 47. n.) Cotyledons and captos, karpos, a fruit; alluding to the short pods.) D. C.
plaited twice cross-wise. (f. 45. m. f. 47. p.)
syst. 2. p. 698. prod. 1. p. 235. .
Character the same as tribe. A little smooth twiggy shrub,
CVII. SUBULA'RIA (from subula, an awl; form of leaves.) with a pod like that of Senebièra or Biscutélla, and with the habit
Lin. gen. no. 799. D. C. syst. 2. p. 697. prod. 1. p. 235. . of the shrubby species of Helióphila (f. 51.).
LIN. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle oval, with con- 1 B. VARIANS (D. C. syst. 2. p.
FIG. 51.
vex valves, and 4-seeded cells, (f. 47. n.) and a sessile punctiform 699.) suffruticose, smooth ; pods
stigma. Calyx closed. A little aquatic, stemless herb, with fas- somewhat twin; leaves oblong-li-
cicular, simple, white, fibrous roots. Radical leaves linear, awl- near. h. G. Native of the Cape
shaped. Scapes naked, few-flowered. Pedicels filiform, bract- of Good Hope. Coronopus ano-
less. Flowers small, white.
malus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 853.
1 S. AQUA’TICA (Lin. spec. 896.) O. H. Native of the Deless, icon. sel. 2. t. 200. Flowers
colder parts of Europe, in ditches, lakes, rivulets, and rivers, large.
with a sandy or gravelly bottom; viz. Lapland, Sweden, Nor- Var. a, flàva (D.C. 1. c.) flowers
way, at Petersburg along the Neva, Germany, &c., plentiful in yellow. Helióphila flava, Lin. fil.
the north of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Oed. fl. dan. t. suppl. 297. Myàgrum grandiflo-
35. Smith engl. bot. 732. Schkuhr handb. 2. no. 1762. t. 180. rum, herb. Banks.
Dràba subulària, Lam. ill. t. 556. f. 3. Dr. Hooker has con- Var. B, purpuráscens (D. C. 1.
firmed Sir James Smith's account of the flowers always being c.) flowers purplish. Polygala brac-
several feet under water, where he observed them to be con- teolàta, Burm. herb.
stantly expanded, so that the impregnation actually takes place Varying Brachycarpæa. Shrub
in that element. The leaves are about 8 or 10 lines long, awl- 1 to 1] foot.
shaped.
Cult. This curious little shrub
Aquatic, or Common Awl-wort. Fl. June, July. Britain. will thrive well in a mixture of sand, loam and
young
Pl. ] to 2 inches.
cuttings will root freely under a hand-glass, if planted in a pot
Cult. This curious little plant only requires to be planted or of sand.
sown in a pond or rivulet, with a sandy or gravelly bottom; or
it may be preserved in a pot filled with gravel or sand, and then SUB-ORDER VI. SCHIZOPETALIEÆ. Cotyledons 4,
plunged in water.
twisted separately, whorled. Calyx closed. Petals pinnatifid.
Filaments nearly equal. Glands 4, linear, erect, nearly opposite
CVIII. PLATYPE'TALUM (from matus, platys, broad, the petals. Style very short, crowned by 2 approximate stigmas,
and metalov, petalon, a petal; petals broad.) R. Br. in app. which are decurrent at the base. Silique torose, sessile, 2-celled,
Parry's voy. p. 8.
narrow-linear. Seeds in one row. Radicle white, arched, a little
Lin. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Silicle oval, with con- longer than the seed.
vex valves, crowned by a short style. Seeds numerous in the
cells, disposed in two rows. Calyx spreading. Petals dilated. CX. SCHIZOPEʼTALON (from oxiśw, schizo, to divide,
Plants with the habit of Brāya, which it agrees with in the Tetalov, petalon, a petal; in allusion to the cut or divided petals.)
structure of the flowers, and in the cotyledons being incumbent. R. Br. in bot. reg. t. 752.
Character the same as the order.
To Subulària it is more nearly allied, in the cotyledons being 1 S. WALKE'RI (R. Br. in bot. mag. 2378.) O. F. Na-
narrow and 2-legged.
tive of Chili. An annual herb, with alternate sinuately-pin-
1 P. PURPURA'SCENS (R. Br. 1. c.) stigma 2-lobed, spreading; natifid leaves. Flowers white, in long racemes; pedicels each
style manifest ; scape naked, or furnished with 1-leaf, pubes- furnished with a linear bractea. The whole plant is beset with
cent; pods smoothish.
Native of Melville Island. branched down.
Root fusiform, with numerous short undivided stems, rising from Walker's Schizopetalon. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1
its neck. Stems short, naked at the base, but leafy at the top.
to 2 feet.
Leaves oblong, bluntish, usually quite entire, thick, rather pilose Cult. This singular cruciferous plant should be raised in
at the top. Calyx purplish; petals white, with a faint tinge of pots in a green-house in spring, when some of them may be
purple. Flowers 4 to 6, in a bractless corymb.
planted out in the borders, others may be saved in the pots,
Purplish-flowered Platypetalum. Pl. 4 foot.
and placed in an airy part of the green-house, where they will
2 P. DUBIUM (R. Br. 1. c.) stigma undivided, almost sessile ; produce seeds, although sparingly. A mixture of loam, peat,
pods and scapes pubescent. 4. H. Native at Melville Island. and sand suits it best.
de
peat; and
a
a
4. H.
a

CRUCIFERÆ. CX. SCHIZOPETALON. CXI. STREPTANTHUS. CXII. SELENIA,
269
-
Small-fruited Vesicaria. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
+ Additional cruciferous plants.
9 LEPIDIUM PUBEʻSCENS (Gusson. fl. sic. prod. ex Schlecht.
1 MATHIOLA PA'TENS (Presl. fl. sic. ex Spreng. syst. app. Linnæa 4. p. 38, under Thlaspi.) O.H. Native of Sicily. Very
p. 242.) plant tomentose or hoary from stellate down ; stem her- like L. hírta, p. 218. no. 12. of this work ; but the plant is pu-
baceous, diffusely branched ; leaves lanceolate, entire, tomen- bescent, not hairy, and the pods are oblong and emarginate, and
tose; siliques terete, spreading, tomentose, and muricated with with the style protruding beyond the notch.
glands. W. H. Native of Sicily. This plant comes nearest Pubescent Mithridate Pepperwort. Pl. } foot.
to Mathìola ánnua, p. 151. no. 2. of this work.
10 IBE'RIS INTEGE'RRIMA (Mor. elench. p. 4.) plant suffrutes-
Spreading-branched Stock. Fl. May, June. Pl. 1 foot. cent at the base, pubescent at the top; leaves oblong-spatulate,
2 MATHIOLA SIMPLICICA'ULIS (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 17.) . fleshy, quite entire, rather concave, uppermost ones ciliated;
H. Native of ? This is the Brompton Stock. It differs from Ma- pods emarginate, racemosely-corymbose. 1. H. Native of
thíola incàna or Queen Stock (to which it was formerly attached Sardinia. An intermediate plant between 1. Tenoreàna and I.
as a simple variety,) in the plant being a biennial not shrubby; Pruatii, p. 194, no. 2 and 3, of this work.
;
it is simple, not branched. The flowers of this variety are Very-entire-leaved Candy Tuft. Fl. May. Pl. I foot.
either scarlet or white, single or double. It is a very ornamental
11 BISCUTE'LLA INCA'NA (Tenore, prod. fl. nap. 1826.) stem
plant, and is very generally cultivated for that purpose.
woody at the base ; pods smooth, somewhat undulated, scabrous
Brompton Stock or Simple-stemmed Stock. Fl. May, Aug. in the disk from elevated tubercles ; leaves hispid, hoary, ob-
Clt.? PI. 1 foot.
long, unequally sinuate-toothed ; teeth blunt. 2. H. Native
3 NASTU’RTIUM? Sine'nsE (D. C. syst. 2. p. 699) Native of Calabria. This plant differs from B. saxatilis, in the stems
of China. Lepídium petræ'um, Lour. A. cochin. ed. Willd. 2. being more tufted and more woody at the base, as well as in the
p. 479. exclusive of the synonyms. Lepídium Chinense, Stok. pods being undulated, and twice the size.
bot. mat. med. 3. p. 429. Stem annual, eight inches high, round, Hoary Buckler Mustard. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 foot.
erect. Leaves broad, lanceolate, quite entire, small, pinnated.
12 HE'SPERIS GLUTINÒSA (Vis. in bot. zeit. Dec. 1829.) plant
Stamens tetradynamous. Spikes of flowers simple, erect, long,
covered with viscid hairs; stems branched; radical leaves
terminal. Flowers yellow. Pods ovate, emarginate, compres-
lyrately-pinnatifid, thickish ; cauline ones broad-lanceolate,
sed, 2-celled, many-seeded. Plant bitter and acrid to the taste. toothed at the base, acuminated and entire at the top, on very
Chinese Nasturtium. Pl. foot.
short petioles; pedicels racemose, shorter than the calyx, lean-
4 NASTU'RTIUM? ROTUNDIFOLIUM (Rafin. fl. lud. p. 86. no.
ing almost to one side ; claws of the petals twice the length of
274.) Native of Louisiana. Cochleària, no. 4. Rob. voy.
the calyx; pods clothed with viscid hairs, at length spreading
Louis. 3. p. 467. Habit of Arabis rhomboidea. Plant large. and deflexed, somewhat torulose ; seeds oblong-truncate. 4.
Leaves thick, juicy, and eatable, but insipid. Stem erect,
H. Native of Dalmatia. Colum. ecph. 2. p. 261.-Mor. oxon.
-
branched. Leaves roundish, sinuately-lobed. Petals elongated, p. 252. sect. 3. t. 10. f. 5. Flowers lilac. This species comes
longer than the calyx.
very near H. laciniàta, All. p. 202, no. 4, of this work.
Round-leaved Nasturtium. Pl. 2 feet.
Clammy Dame's violet. Fl. March, April. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
5 A'RABIS LONGISI’LIQUA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. app. 242.)
stem very simple, and is as well as the leaves hoary from CXI. STREPTA’NTHUS (from otPetTOS, streptos, twisted,
forked down; radical leaves oblong-lanceolate, quite entire ; and av oc, anthos, a flower; twisted claws of petals.) Nutt.
pedicels appressed, much shorter than the calyx.
in journ. acad. nat. sc. philad. 5. p. 132. ann. 1825.
Native of Sicily. Flowers white ?
Flowers white? This plant comes very near
LIN. syst. Tetradynàmia, Siliquosa.
Siliquosa. Calyx erect, coloured.
to Arabis collina, p. 165. no. 56. of this work.
Petals dilated, with channelled twisted claws. Glands none.
Var. B, A. purpurascens (Presl. 1. c.) Flowers purplish. Filaments awl-shaped, thickened at the base. Silique very long,
Long-podded Wall-Cress. Pl. } foot.
angular, compressed. Seeds flat, marginate, disposed in one
6 PTERONEU'RUM DALMA’TICUM (Vis. in bot. zeit. 1829.) row. Cotyledons accumbent. An annual herb, with quite en-
plant smooth; stem diffuse, much branched ; leaves pinnate, tire leaves, and purple flowers. Pods very long, tetragonal, 2-
fleshy, glaucescent; leaflets obovate, stalked, 3-lobed, lower edged. This genus agrees in habit with A'rabis, but in the
ones palmate ; silique erect, smooth, crowned by the elongated pods with Turritis.
terete style ; seeds margined at the top. O. H. Native of Dal- 1 S. MACULA'TUS (Nutt. I. c. with a figure.) O. H. Native
matia. Čardámine marítima, Portenschlag, p. 170, no. 48, of this
of the Arkansa territory.
work. This is considered by Visiani to be a true species of Spotted Streptanthus. Fl. May. Pl. 1 foot.
Pteroneùrum, in the calyx being spreading, in the silique being
Cult. The seeds of this plant only require to be sown in the
lanceolate, as well as in the funicle being dilated.
open border, and the plants afterwards treated as other hardy
Dalmatian Pteroneurum. Fl. June. Pl. I foot.
annuals.
7 FARSE'TIA DALMA’TICA (Vis. 1. c.) is F. triquetra, D. C. see p.
175, no. 8. of this work. The branches are not triquetrous, but CXII. SELE'NIA (from oɛlnun, selene, the moon; shape of
round. Visiani gives the following amended character. Plant pods.) Nutt. in journ. acad. nat. sc. philad. 5. p. 132. ann. 1825.
covered with stellate down; stems suffruticose at the base ; LIN. SYST. Tetradynàmia, Siliculòsa. Calyx coloured, equal
branches round, ascending ; leaves obovate, tapering into the at the base, spreading. Silicle large, many-seeded, elliptical,
petiole and repand; style long, deciduous; stigma 2-lobed. compressed, marginate, almost sessile; valves parallel, smaller
4. H. Native of Dalmatia.
than the dissepiment. Glands 10, by pairs between the sepals,
Dalmatian Farsetia. Fl. May, June. Pl. 1 foot.
and solitary emarginate between the shorter stamens and the
8 VESICA'RIA MICROCA'RPA (Vis. fl. bot. zeit. no. 12. March pistil. An annual plant, with triquetrous stems; pinnatifid
1829. p. 17.) plant herbaceous, covered with stellate down; leaves and axillary golden flowers. Habit of Brássica, but with
stems erect, branched; leaves obovate, spatulate, entire, radical the fruit of Lunària. Radical leaves almost bipinnatifid.
ones stalked; calyx equal, not gibbous ; fructiferous corymbs 1 S. AU'REA (Nutt. 1. c. with a figure.) O. H. Native of
crowded; pods globose, inflated, smooth, few-seeded; style Arkansa upon the banks of the river Pottoe.
permanent; seeds margined. 4. H. Native of Dalmatia on Golden-flowered Selenia. Fl. March, April. Pl. 1 foot.
mount Biokova. Flowers yellow.
Cult. The seeds of this plant will only require to be sown
4. H.
7

270
CAPPARIDEÆ.
a
in the open border, and the plants afterwards treated as other 2 Peri'noMA. Calyx cut round about at the base, 4-toothed
hardy annuals.
at the apex. Petals 4. Receptacle small. Stamens 6, mona-
Order XV. CAPPARI'DEÆ (plants agreeing with Cap delphous at the base. Silique stipitate.
3 GYNANDRO'Psis. Calyx of 4-spreading sepals. Petals 4.
paris in many important characters.) Juss. gen. 242. ann. mus.
18. p. 474. D. C. prod. 1. p. 237.
Receptacle elongated. Stamens 6, monadelphous around the
Parts of flower usually imbricate in the bud. Sepals 4 (f. 52.
torus, and free at the top. Silique stipitate.
a. f. 53. a.), seldom more, sometimes almost free, equal or un-
4 CLEO'ME. Calyx of 4-spreading, nearly equal sepals. Pe-
tals 4. Receptacle somewhat hemispherical. Stamens 6, rarely
equal, sometimes connected at the base into a tube (f. 54. a.) with
a variable limb. Petals 4 (f. 52. b. f. 53. f.), seldom more, cru-
4, free. Silique stipitate or sessile.
ciate, usually unguiculated (f. 52. 6.) and unequal. Stamens
5 POLANI'SIA. Calyx of 4-spreading sepals. Petals 4. Sta-
almost perigynous, inserted at the bottom of the calyx (f. 52. c.
mens 8-32, free. Receptacle small. Silique sessile or on a short
f. 53. d.), rarely tetradynamous, usually disposed in a quater- stipe, terminated by a distinct style.
nary order, definite (f. 54. d.) or indefinite (f. 53. e. f. 52. c.).
6 PhysosTE'MON. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4. Stamens
Torus hemispherical or elongated (f. 52. d. f. 54. c.), usually 6-8, unequal
, free, inflated under the anthers. Receptacle mar-
bearing glands. Stipe of ovary slender (f. 52. d. f. 54. e.), rising ginate. Silique sessile.
from the torus; the ovary is therefore stipitate (f. 52. f. f. 54. e.).
;
7 CORYNA'NDRA. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4. Stamens
Ovary composed of 2 or more closely-joined carpels. Style none
numerous ; filaments clavated, and coloured at the top ; anthers
(f. 53. c. f. 54. e.) or filiform. Fruit variable, siliquose (f. 54. e.).
curved. Silique sessile, 2-valved.
or baccate (f. 52. f.), 1-celled, but rarely 1-seeded, usually with
TRIBE II.
2 or more many-seeded placentas, in the dehiscent fruit these are
CAPPA'REÆ. Fruit rather fleshy, indehiscent (f. 52. f.).
intervalvular. Seeds usually kidney-shaped without albumen.
Shrubs and trees, rarely herbs, with simple or ternate leaves.
Embryo incurved. Cotyledons leafy, flat, somewhat incum-
8 CratÆ'vA. Sepals 4. Petals 4, larger than the calyx.
bent. Herbs, shrubs, or trees, either with or without stipulas,
Stamens 8-28. Torus elongated or hemispherical.
Berry sti-
but when they are present they are in the form of spines. The
pitate, ovate-globose, pulpy inside.
leaves are alternate, simple, or palmately compound. The dis-
9 Ritchie'a. Calyx of 4 sepals, valvate in the bud. Pe-
position of the flowers is variable. This order differs from
tals 4, much longer than the calyx. Stamens 10-20, incurved.
Crucíferæ in the receptacle being hemispherical or elongated, as
Torus elevated, glanduliferous. Berry stipitate, globose, crown-
well as in the fruit being destitute of a dissepiment, and the seeds
ed by a sessile stigma.
being without an umbilical cord, and in the very different dis-
10 NIEBU'HRIA. Sepals 4, valvate in the bud. Petals want-
position of the stamens. It differs from Flacourtiàneæ in the
seeds never being inwrapped in a pulpy pellicle.
ing, or shorter than the calyx. Torus cylindrical, very short.
Stamens indefinite. Berry stipitate, ovate or cylindrical.
The plants contained in this order partake of the properties of
11 Bóscia. Sepals 4. Petals none. Stamens 12-20, in-
Crucíferę. The different kinds of Capers are reputed to be
serted in the short torus. Berry stipitate, globose, 1-seeded.
stimulating, antiscorbutic and aperient. The bark of the root of
12 CA'DABA. Sepals 4. Petals 4 or wanting. Nectary strap-
the common Caper passes for a diuretic medicine. Several
formed, emanating from the base of the sub-cylindrical torus.
species of the Cleòmeæ have an acrid taste, which has been com-
pared to that of mustard. The root of Polanísia graveolens is
Stamens 4-5, monadelphous at the base. Berry stipitate, cylin-
drical.
employed as a vermifuge in the United States, and the leaves of
P. dodecandra produce an inflammation on the skin, whence
13 SCHEPPE'RIA. Sepals 4, spreading. Petals 4. Torus
they are used in Cochin-china as a sinapism.
elongated. Stamens 8, monadelphous around the torus, but
Most of the
plants contained in this order have beautiful flowers.
free at the top. Nectary concave at the base of the torus.
The seeds of those plants belonging to tribe Cleòmeæ are
Silique fleshy, stipitate.
easily introduced, in a living state, from any part of the world :
14 Soda'ba. Sepals 4, the superior one is large and con-
but the seeds of those belonging to tribe Cappàreæ soon become
Petals 4. Stamens 8? Torus small. Ovary ovate, 4-
rancid, therefore they are truly difficult to introduce in a vege-
furrowed, on a long stipe.
tative state, and on that account very few of this tribe are to be
15 CA'PPARIS. Calyx 4-parted (f. 52. a.). Petals 4 (f. 52.
seen in the gardens.
6.). Torus small (f. 52. e.). Stamens numerous (f. 52. c.).
Silique somewhat baccate, stipitate (f. 52. f.). Stipe long and
Synopsis of the Genera.
slender (f. 52. d.).
TRIBE I.
16 STEPHA`NIA. Calyx campanulate, 2-lobed (f. 54. a.).
CLEO'MEÆ. Fruit truly capsular, with membranous dehiscent Petals 4 (f. 54. b.). Torus small (f. 54. c.). Stamens 6 (f. 54.
valves. Herbs or sub-shrubs with compound leaves, usually d.). Ovary oblong, stipitate (f. 54. e.).
clothed with glandular down.
17 MORISÒNIA. Calyx obovate, bifid. Petals 4. Torus small.
1 CLEOME'LLA. Calyx of 4-spreading sepals. Petals 4. Re- Stamens 20, somewhat monadelphous at the base. Berry glo-
ceptacle ovate-globose. Stamens 6, free. Silicle stipitate within bose, stipitate.
the calyx, shorter than broad.
18 Tova'riA. Calyx usually of 8 sepals, with an equal num-
cave.

CAPPARIDEÆ. I. CLEOMELLA. II. PERITOMA. III. GYNANDROPSIS.
271
at the
p. 237.
ber of petals. Stamens the same number as the sepals, and according to Mr. Brown, the great peculiarity of which consists
alternating with them, inserted on the inside of a large disk or in the petals not covering the stamina at any period. This mode
of æstivation of the petals, he says, has never before been no-
torus. Berry spherical, seated on the elevated disk, pulpy inside.
ticed, though it equally exists in Cratæva and Resedàceæ ; to
19 Thyla'chium. Calyx follicular, at length cut round
THYLA'CHIUM
this mode he proposes to apply the term aperta.
about.. Petals none. Stamens numerous, inserted in the short
§ 1. Angiogònia. Petals imbricate in the bud and covering
torus. Berry oblong, stipitate.
the stamina.
20 HERMU'POA. Calyx double, outer one tubular, inner one
1 G. SESSILIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 237.) smooth ; leaves
of 4 small sepals. Petals 4, linear. Stamens 6, very long.
all trifoliate, lower ones hardly stalked ; leaflets oblong, entire.
Berry oblong-cylindrical.
O. H. Native of the West Indies in sandy barren places.
21 MÆRUA. Calyx tubular, 4-parted, valvate in the bud, Cleòme triphylla, Lin. spec. 938. exclusive of the synonyms.
with a crown of petal-like scales in the throat. Petals none.
Flowers whitish or flesh-coloured.
Torus elongated. Stamens numerous, somewhat monadelphous
Sessile-leaved Gynandropsis. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1820.
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
top of the torus. Silique fleshy, stipitate.
2 G. TRIPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 237.) smoothish ; leaves
22 A'rsis. Calyx of 5 coloured sepals. Petals 5. Stamens
all trifoliate, floral ones sessile, the rest stalked ; stalks of the
numerous ; anthers 4-celled. Berry stipitate, 1-seeded.
lower leaves longer than the leaves themselves. O. H. Native
of the West Indies in dry sandy places. Cleòme triphylla,
Tribe I.
Lin. spec. 938. from Herm. lugd. 565. icon. Flowers white
or flesh-coloured.
CLEOMEÆ (plants agreeing in important characters with
Three-leaved Gynandropsis. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. I
Cleòme.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 237.—Genus Cleome, Lin. Fruit
to 2 feet.
truly capsular, with somewhat membranous opening valves.-
3 G. PALMITES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) smoothish ; leaves
Herbs or sub-shrubs. Leaves usually compound, seldom simple,
5-7-foliate ; leaflets entire; stalks of the leaflets somewhat
covered with glandular hairs. Flowers usually disposed in ter-
connected at the base by a membrane. O. S. Native of
minal racemes.
Cayenne. C. palmites, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 122. Flowers per-
haps white.
I, CLEOMEʼLLA (a diminutive of Cleòme, which see.) D. C. Palmate-leaved Gynandropsis. Pl. 1 foot.
.
prod. 1.
4 G. BRACHYCA'RPA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 238.) leaves ternate or
Lin. syst. Hexándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4-spreading quinate ; leaflets entire ; pods smooth, oval-oblong, shorter than
,
sepals. Petals 4. Torus ovate-globose. Stamens 6, free.
the stipe. O? H. Native of Peru. Cleòme brachycarpa,
Silicle stipitate within the calyx, shorter than broad.
Vahl. Flowers white or pink.
1 C. MEXICA'NA (Moc. et Sesse. icon. fl. mex. ined. D. C.
Short-podded Gynandropsis. Pl. 1 foot.
prod. 1. p. 337.) 2. S. Native of Mexico. Leaves trifoliate,
p.
5 G. HISPIDULA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) hispid ; leaves qui-
smooth. Flowers yellow.
nate ; leaflets entire ; pods rather hispid, shorter than their
Mexican Cleomella. Fl. July. Pl. 1 foot.
O? . .
Cult. A rich light soil will suit this plant well, and cuttings stipe.fiH. Native of Peru. Cleòme hirsūta, Ruiz et. Pav.
Flowers or rather
will root freely under a hand-glass, but if it seed freely this will
Hispid Gynandropsis. Pl. 1 foot.
be unnecessary.
6 G. CANDELA'BRUM (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 468.) pubescent;
leaves quinate ; leaflets broad-ovate, acuminated; floral leaves
II. PERI'TOMA (from repitoun, peritome, a cutting round ternate, sessile ; siliques scabrous, longer than the stipe. O.H.
about; base of calyx.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 237. A talánta, Nutt.
p
Native of South America. Petals of a whitish-pink colour.
gen. amer. 2. p. 73. not of Corr.
Stamens purple ; anthers yellow. Cleòme, Sims, bot. mag. 2656.
LIN. syst. Hexándria, Monogynia. Calyx cut round at the Chandelier Gynandropsis. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
base, 4-toothed at the top. Petals 4. Torus small. Stamens 7 G. SPECIO'SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) plant somewhat vel-
6, joined at the base. Silique oblong, stipitate within the calyx. vety at the top ; leaves 5-7-foliate; leaflets somewhat ser-
1 P. SERRULA'TUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 237.) O.H. Cleòme rulated, oblong, acuminated. 4? S. Native of New Granada
serrulata, Pursh, fl
. amer. sept. 2. p. 441. Native of North
America on the banks of the Missouri. Leaves ternate, smooth,
near Carthagena. Cleòme speciosa, H. B, et Kunth, nov. spec.
amer. 5. p. 84. t. 436. Flowers violet.
leaflets lanceolate, finely serrulated. Racemes elongated. Brac-
teas linear. Flowers pale purple.
Showy Gynandropsis. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. 2 feet.
8 G. PULCHE’LLA (Lindl. in hort, trans. lond. 6. p. 65.) ra-
Serrulated-leaved Peritoma. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 3 ft.
Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in a pot, which
ther pilose ; lower leaves quinate, upper ones ternate ; leaflets
should be placed in a gentle hot-bed, and when the plants are of
entire ; silique oval, smooth; seeds kidney-shaped, tuberculated.
O. H. Native of Maranham. Leaves smooth, with hairy
sufficient size, they should be planted out into the open border petioles. Flowers small. Petals white, with purplish claws.
in a sheltered situation.
Neat Gynandropsis. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1825. Pl. I foot.
III. GYNANDRO’PSIS (from yuvn, gyne, a female, and
9 G. AFFI'NIS (Blum. bijdr. A. ind. ned. ex Schlecht. Linnaa.
1. p. 644.) plant covered with glandular hairs; lower and floral
avno, avèpoc, aner, andros, a male, opis, opsis, resemblance ; leaves trifoliate, middle ones with 5 leaflets ; leaflets obovate,
because of the stamens appearing as if inserted on the top of quite entire, but ciliated, with glandular hairs. O. H. Native
the ovary). D. C. syst. 2. p. 237. Cleòmes, spec. Lin. .
of Java. Flowers white.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Hexándria. Calyx of 4 spreading
LINSYST
Allied Gynandropsis. Fl. July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
sepals. Petals 4. Torus elongated. Stamens 6, joined together
around the ovary, but free at the apex. Silique stipitate, within
§ 2. Gymnogònia. Petals open in the bud, never covering the
the calyx at the top of the torus.
stamina at any period.
The African species of this genus are readily distinguished, 10 G. PENTAPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) smoothish;
a

272
CAPPARIDEÆ. III. GYNANDROPSIS. IV. CLEOME.
;
.
leaves on the middle of the stem with 5 leaflets, the lowest and simple, cordate-roundish; silique longer than the stipe, covered
floral ones with 3 leaflets; leaflets entire or somewhat serrulated. with clammy pubescence. O.S.
O.S. Native of both Indies. Per-
O. H. Native of tropical Africa in sandy places near the sea. haps several species are confused under this name, and it is very
Cleòme pentaphylla, Lin. spec. 338. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1681. probable that the South American plant differs from the East
Perhaps this species grows spontaneous in South America and India plant. Flowers white or flesh-coloured, with purplish
Egypt as well as India. Flowers white or flesh-coloured, with stamens and brownish anthers.
pink stamens and brown anthers.
Seven-leaved Cleome. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 to 3 ft.
Five-leaved Gynandropsis. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1640. Pl. 1 ft. 6 C. ANO'MALA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 85.) herba-
.
11 G. DENTICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) smoothish; ceous, unarmed, velvety-pubescent; leaves with 7 leaflets, floral
lowest leaves with 7 leaflets, middle ones with 5 leaflets ; upper ones simple, round, and somewhat cordate ; siliques elliptical,
ones ternate ; leaflets serrulated. O. H. Native of Angola on muricated. O ?S. Native of South America. Valves of fruit
the west coast of Africa. Flowers white, tinged with pink. very convex.
Flowers white.
The stamens are pink.
Anomalous Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
Denticulated-leaved Gynandropsis. Fl. Ju. Aug. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. 7 C. ChilE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) herbaceous, un-
12 G. HETERO'TRICHA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) covered with armed, smooth ; leaves with 7 leaflets, floral ones with 3-5
variable hairs, some of which are elongated, others sessile and leaflets ; sepals permanent ; siliques pendulous, smoothish,
glandular; leaves ternate or quinate ; leaflets almost entire. scarcely longer than the stipe. O. H. Native of Chili. Flowers
O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cleòme hetero- white, or pinkish.
tricha, Burch. trav. 1. p. 537. cat. no. 2011. Flowers white. Var. a, glàbra (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves with 7 leaflets,
Variable-haired Gynandropsis. Pl. 1 foot.
smooth.
Cult. The seeds of these plants should be sown on a hot-bed, Var. B, pubescens (D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) leaves with 3-5
in the month of March ; and when the plants have attained a leaflets, pubescent.
sufficient size, which will be in May, they should be planted out Chili Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
into the open ground, in a warm sheltered situation, where they 8 C. LO'NGIPES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) herbaceous, prickly,
will flower and seed, if the summer proves warm.
But in order smooth
. leaves ternate ; silique cylindrical, slender, one half
to secure seeds, a plant or two of each kind should be planted shorter than the stipe, which is about a foot long. Native of
separately, in pots, in a mixture of sand and loam, and placed in Guayaquil Flowers white.
the green-house.
Long-footed-fruited Cleome. Pl. 2 feet.
9 C. SPINO'SA (Lin. spec. 939.) herbaceous, prickly, pubes-
IV. CLEO'ME (from klɛlw, kleio, to shut, in allusion to the cent; leaves with 5-7 leaflets, smooth; floral ones simple,
parts of the flower ; a name adopted by Linnæus from Theo- stalked, ovate-cordate; silique smooth, longer than the stipe.
dosius). D. C. prod. 1. p. 238. Cleòme, spec. Lin.
8.S. Native of South America. Marcgr. bras. p. 34. icon.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4, spread- Flowers with white petals, purple filaments, and yellow anthers.
ing, almost equal sepals. Petals 4. Torus somewhat hemis- Spinose Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1731. Pl. 2 to 4 feet.
pherical. Stamens 6, rarely 4. Silique dehiscent, stipitate, or 10 C. PU'NGENS (Willd. hort. berl. t. 18.) herbaceous, prickly,
sessile within the calyx.
covered with clammy pubescence; leaves with 5-7 leaflets,
smooth, floral ones simple, sessile, cordate; silique smooth,
Sect. I. PEDICELLA'RIA (from pedicéllus, a pedicle; fruit on
shorter than the stipe. 3. S. Native of South America and
long stalks.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 238. Torus fleshy, somewhat the West India islands. Cleòme pungens, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
globose. Stipe of ovary elongated.
.
spec. 5. p. 85. C. spinosa, Sims. bot. mag. t. 1640. Flowers
1 C. GIGANTE'A (Lin. mant. 430.) shrubby, velvety-pubes- flesh-coloured, or white.
cent, somewhat clammy ; leaves 7-foliate, with 30 or 40 veins Pungent Cleome. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
on each side of each leaflet. h.s. Native of South America. 11 C. PUBE'SCENS (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1857.) herbaceous, un-
Cleòme viridiflòra, Schreb. nov. act. nat. cur. 4. p. 136. t. 3. armed, pubescent; leaves with 5-7 leaflets, floral ones simple,
Flowers whitish-green, with pinkish filaments and yellow anthers. cordate ; silique length of stipe. O.H. Native of ? Flowers
This is a beautiful plant, but has a strong disagreeable smell and white, with purple stamens and stipe.
a caustic taste.
Pubescent Cleome. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1815. Pl. 1ų foot.
Giant Cleome. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774.
. Clt. 1774. Sh. 6 to 12 feet. 12 C. PSORALEÆFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) herbaceous,
2 C. ARBOREA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 86.) shrubby,
.
prickly, pubescent; leaves trifoliate ; petioles beset with glan-
velvety-pubescent, somewhat clammy ; leaflets 7, with 20 veins dular hairs; floral leaves ovate, stalked; silique at last smooth,
on each side of each leaflet. n. S. Native of Caraccas. longer than the stipe. O ? S. Native of Brasil. C. Brasi-
Perhaps sufficiently distinct from Cleòme gigantèa. Flowers liàris, Weinm. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 121. Flowers white ?
white or greenish.
Psoralea-leaved Cleome. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Tree Cleome. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Sh. 6 to 8 feet. 13 C. LATIFO'LIA (Vahl. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) her-
3 C. GLANDULO'SA (Ruiz et Pav.) somewhat arborescent, his- baceous, unarmed, smooth ; lower leaves simple, middle ones
pid with thick hairs which bear glands at their apex ; leavés ternate, stalked ; leaflets oval, acuminated ; floral leaves simple,
with 7-9 leaflets, upper and floral ones simple, ovate-cordate ; sessile, ovate, one half shorter than the pedicel; stipe length of
ovary covered with glandular hairs. h. s. Native of Peru. pedicel. O ? S. Native of Guiana. Flowers white or red.
Fruit unknown. Silique the length of the stipe.
Broad-leaved Cleome. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Glandular Cleome. Fl. June, July. Shrub 2 feet.
14 C. RO'SEA (Vahl. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) herbaceous,
4 C. CARDINA`LIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) herbaceous, smooth; unarmed, smooth ; leaflets quinate, lower and floral ones ternate,
leaves 5-foliate, floral ones sessile and leaflets oval-lanceolate. uppermost ones ovate, sessile ; silique smooth, length of stipe.
O. S. Native of Mexico, where it is called Borla di Cardinal O.S. Native of Rio Janeiro. Flowers beautiful rose-coloured.
(icon. fl. mexic, ined.). Flowers reddish?
. .
Stem erect, branched. Lindl. bot. reg. 960.
Cardinal Cleome. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 2 feet. Rose-coloured-flowered Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl. 12 ft.
5 C. HEPTAPHY’LLA (Lin. spec. 987.) herbaceous, prickly, 15 C. speciOSI'SSIMA (Deppe in litt. Lindl. bot. reg. 1312.)
covered with clammy hairs; leaves with 7 leaflets, floral ones herbaceous, unarmed ; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate, acuminated,

CAPPARIDEÆ. IV. CLEOME,
273
pilose ; bracteas ovate ; petals length of pedicels ; pedicel of dula, Forsk. æg. 35. Rórida, Ræm. et Schulz. syst. 3. p. 13.
fruit long. O. H. Native of Mexico about Xalapa. Like C. Flowers tętrandrous, yellow, with a violet base.
rosea, but differs in the leaves being pilose, not smooth, and they Sun-dew-leaved Cleome. Pl. į foot.
are never trifoliate; the flowers are larger and the pedicels 25 C. RAPHANOIDES (D. C. syst. 2. p. 662.) herbaceous,
shorter Flowers beautiful rose-coloured.
somewhat hispid at the top; leaves lanceolate-linear, acuminated,
Very shewy Cleome. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1829. Pl. 11 foot. runcinate at the base ; silique almost sessile, terete, smooth,
16 Č. PURPU'REA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 238.) herbaceous, un- pointed with the style. O? S. Native of Guinea. Ráphanus
armed, smooth ; leaves trifoliate, floral and upper ones simple, pilòsus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 562. Cleòme longifòlia, Vahl. herb.
ciliated ; ovary smooth, twice the length of the stipe. 0. S. Wormskioldia heterophylla, Thonn. in herb. Vahl. Hairs long,
Native of Peru. Flowers purplish. Perhaps this plant belongs rusty: Flowers yellow.
to the following section.
Radish-like Cleome. Fl. June, July. Pl. 2 foot.
Purple-flowered Cleome. Pl. 1į foot.
26 C.GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 2. t. 273.) herbaceous, smooth,
17 C. NUMMULA'RIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) herbaceous, un-
p
erect; leaves linear, floral ones longer than the pedicels ; siliques
armed, pubescent; upper leaves simple, stalked, orbicular ; ovary almost sessile, smooth. O. S. Native of Guiana. Flowers
covered with glandular pubescence; silique at length smooth, yellow ; petals oblong-lanceolate.
longer than the stipe. Native of Brasil. Flowers white or red- Guiana Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
dish. The lower part of the plant is unknown.
27 C. PROCU’MBENS (Jacq. amer. t. 120.) herbaceous, smooth,
Moneywort-leaved Cleome. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
procumbent; leaves lanceolate-linear, floral ones a little shorter
than the pedicel ; siliques sessile, terete, somewhat torulose.
Sect. II. SıliquA'RIA (from siliqua, a long pod; pods long). 4. S. Native of the West India islands. Jacq. amer. t. 120.
D. C. prod, 1. p. 239. Torus small. Stipe of ovary short or Sloane, jam. t. 123. Flowers dark yellow; anthers blackish,
wanting. All the species that should be included in this section Procumbent Cleome. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. Pl. { ft.
are said by Mr. Brown to be indigenous to north Africa and
middle Asia.
§ 2. Leaves with 3-5-7 leaflets.
§ 1. Leaves simple.
28 C. TENE'LLA (Lin. fil. suppl. 300.) herbaceous, smooth ;
leaves trifoliate ; leaflets linear, twice the length of the petiole ;
18 C. MONOPHY'LLA (Lin. spec. 940.) herbaceous, pubes- flowers hexandrous; siliques slender, sessile. O.S. Native
cent; leaves simple, stalked, lanceolate, blunt at the base; si- of the East Indies. Leaflets 4 or 5 lines long. Flowers yellow.
lique puberulous, almost sessile. O.H. Native of Malabar and Slender-podded Cleome. Pl. Į foot.
Ceylon. Flowers yellow, anthers greenish-blue.
29 C. TETRA'NDRA (Banks herb.) herbaceous, smooth ; leaves
Var. a, Malabárica (D. C. 1. c.). Rheed. hort. mal. 9. t. 34. trifoliate; leaflets linear, 3-times longer than the petiole ; flowers
Var. B, Zeylánica (D. C. 1. c.). Burm. zeyl. t. 100. f. 2. tetrandrous; siliques sessile, slender. O. H. Native of New
One-leaved Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1759. Pl. į to 1 ft. Holland. Leaflets 2 or 3 lines long. Flowers yellow ?
19 C. CORDA'TA (Burch. cat. n. 2374.) sub-herbaceous, pu- Tetrandrous Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
bescent; leaves simple, on short stalks, lanceolate, cordate at 30 C. MULTICAU'LIS (Moc. et Sesse, fi. mex. ined.) herbaceous,
the base ; silique puberulous, almost sessile. O? H. Native smooth ; leaves all sessile, trifoliate; leaflets oblong-linear, blunt-
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow; anthers pale. ish; flowers hexandrous; siliques on very short stipes. O. H.
Perhaps sufficiently distinct from Cleòme monophylla.
Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow.
Cordate-leaved Cleome. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
Many-stemmed Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
20 C. Glau'ca (D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) herbaceous, smooth, 31 C. VIOLA'CEA (Lin. spec. 940.) herbaceous, clothed with
glaucous ; leaves stalked, ovate, Horal ones elliptical ; siliques glandular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets and upper leaves
pendulous, smooth, on short stipes ; seeds hairy. 4.G. Native linear ; siliques sessile, puberulous, deflexed, linear, acuminated
of Arabia. Flowers yellow.
with the short style. 0. H.
O. H. Native of Portugal in sandy
Glaucous Cleome. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
places. Schkuhr. handb. t. 189. f. b. exclusive of the synonym
21 C. GLAUCE’SCENS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) herbaceous, of Gært. Flowers violaceous or purple, and spotted with yellow.
smooth, glaucous ; leaves stalked, ovate, floral ones elliptical ; Violaceous-flowered Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1776. Pl. 1 ft.
siliques pendulous, striated, on short stipes ; seeds smooth. 32 C. DEFLE'XA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 240.) herbaceous, covered
24. H. Native of Syria between Bagdad and Mossul. Flowers with glandular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets and upper
yellowish.
leaves oblong-linear ; siliques sessile, deflexed, smooth, acumi-
Glaucescent Cleome. Pl. to 1 foot.
nated. O.S. Native of Peru or Portugal. Very like C. vio-
22 C. QUINQUENE'RVIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) herbaceous, làcea and probably only a variety of it. Flowers purplish.
rather pubescent, glaucous ; leaves stalked, cordate, 5-nerved, Deflexed-podded Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
floral ones very small; silique sessile, oval-oblong, glandular, 33 C. DILLENIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 240.) herbaceous, co-
rough; seeds smooth, O ? H. Native of Persia. Flowers vered with glandular pubescence; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets
yellow.
oblong-linear, length of petiole; siliques oblong-linear, almost
Five-nerved-leaved Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
sessile, deflexed, pubescent, pointed with the style. O. H.
23 C. SCAPO'SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 239.) herbaceous; leaves
Native of the Levant. Dill. elth. t. 266. C. ornithopodioides
almost radical, stalked, roundish-ovate, strigosely-pilose ; scape of authors, exclusive of the synonym of Buxbaum. Flowers
naked, rough ; bracteas small; siliques erect, sessile, smooth. small, pale-yellow, with saffron-coloured anthers.
Native of Egypt. Stamens 4? Habit of a species of
Dillenius's Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1732. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
Cardamine. Flowers yellow.
34 C. ARA'BICA (Lin. spec. 989.) herbaceous, covered with
Scaped Cleome. Pl. I foot.
glandular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oblong; siliques
24 C. DROSERIFOLIA (Del. fl. eg. t. 36. f. 2.) shrubby, stri- oblong, deflexed, almost sessile, puberulous; seeds hairy. O.H.
gosely-pilose; leaves stalked, obovately-orbicular, 3-nerved, beset Native of sandy places from Arabia to Mauritania. Lin. fil. dec. t.
with glandular hairs; siliques sessile, oblong, hispid with hairs 8. Siliquària glandulòsa, Forsk. descr. 78. Flowers white with
which are glandular at top. Þ.G. Native of Egypt. Rorí- yellow veins, and tinged with purple at the top. Filaments yellow,
VOL. I. PART. 111.
Nn
4? H.

274
CAPPARIDEÆ. IV. CLEOME.
و
Arabian Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1794. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. Polygamous Cleome. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
35 C. IBERICA (D.C. prod. 1. p. 240.) herbaceous, covered 45 C. ACULEA'TA (Lin. syst. 3. p. 232.) herbaceous, smooth ;
with glandular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate, on short petioles; stipulas spinescent; leaves trifoliate, floral ones ovate; siliques
siliques on short stipes, puberulous, somewhat pendulous, toru- somewhat stipitate, terete, torulose, smooth. O.S. Native of
lose, scarcely longer than the pedicels of the flowers. O. H. South America, in sandy places. Flowers white.
Native of Iberia about Tiflis. Cleòme ornithopodioides Ibérica, Prickly-stipuled Cleome. Fl. July. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 130. Flowers yellowish.
46 C. HOUSTÒNI (R. Br. in hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 131.)
.
Iberian Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. į to 1 foot. herbaceous, clothed with glandular down; stipulas and petioles
36 C. VIRGATA (Stev. in litt.) herbaceous, covered with glan- spinescent; leaves ternate or quinate; floral ones oval-oblong ;
dular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate, on short petioles ; leaflets siliques on short stipes, clothed with glandular down. O. H.
oblong-linear ; siliques on short stipes, puberulous, somewhat Native of Jamaica. Mart. dec. t. 45. Flowers white.
pendulous, torulose, three times longer than the pedicels. O.H. Houston's Cleome. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1730. Pl. 1 to 17 foot.
Native of the north of Persia. Buxb. cent. 1. t. 9. f. 2. Flowers 47 C. HUMBO'LDTII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 141.) herbaceous,
yellowish, with saffron anthers.
smooth ; petioles long, prickly ; leaves ternate or quinate, floral
Twiggy Cleome. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot. ones ovate, on short stalks, shorter than the pedicels; siliques
37 C. BRACHYCA'RPA (Vahl. ined.) suffruticose; younger plants stipitate, smooth, pointed with the style.
Native of South
glandular, adult ones smooth ; leaves trifoliate, on short petioles ; America. Cleòme parviflòra, Humb. Bonpl. and Kth. nov. gen.
leaflets oval-oblong, thick ; siliques sessile, ovate, terete, bearing 5. p. 83. not of R. Br. Flowers white.
the style. 4. F.
. F. Native of Arabia. Cleòme ornithopodioides, Humboldt's Cleome. Fl. Ju. July. Pl. 1 to 1į foot.
Forsk. fl. arab. no. 402. Flowers yellowish.
48 C. DIFFUSA (Banks, herb. et. D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.)
Short-podded Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
herbaceous, smoothish, diffuse; stipulas spinescent ; leaves trifo-
38 C. FOLIOLO'SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 240.) herbaceous, smooth, liate, floral ones ovate, shorter than the pedicels ; siliques oblong-
glaucous ; leaves almost sessile, trifoliate ; leaflets and upper linear, 6-times longer than the stipe.O.S. Native about Rio
leaves almost orbicular ; siliques almost sessile, oblong-linear, Janeiro, in Brazil. Flowers white.
beset with glandular hairs. O. H. Native of Persia. Flowers Diffuse Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot long.
whitish, or rather yellowish.
49 C. AFFI'NIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herbaceous, smooth-
Leafy Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
ish, diffuse, unarmed ; leaves trifoliate, floral ones ovate, shorter
39 C. CANE'SCENS (Stev. ined.) herbaceous, glaucescent, some- than the pedicels ; siliques oblong-linear, 10-times longer than
what strigosely-pubescent; leaves 3-4-foliate ; leaflets and upper the stipe. O.S. Native of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro. Very like
leaves oblong-linear ; siliques stipitate, puberulous, erectish, C. diffùsa. Flowers whitish.
torulose, equal in length with the pedicels of flowers. O. H. Allied Cleome. Fl. Ju. Jul. Pl. 1 foot.
Native of southern Tauria. Flowers yellowish.
50 C. RUBE'LLA (Burch. cat. no. 2025. trav. 1. p. 543.) her-
Canescent Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
baceous, covered with glandular pubescence ; leaves with 5-linear,
40 C. PARVIFLORA (R. Br. in Salt's abyss. 65.) herbaceous, smooth, glaucous leaflets ; siliques sessile, smooth, pubescent.
covered with glandular pubescence; leaves 4-foliate ; leaflets and O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers reddish.
upper leaves elliptical-ovate ; siliques sessile, oblong, covered Reddish-flowered Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
with glandular pubescence, bearing the style, somewhat shorter 51 C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Forsk. ægyp.p.120.) herbaceous, smooth,
than the pedicels. O. H. Native of Abyssinia. Flowers dotted at the top ; lower leaves with 7 leaflets, upper ones tri-
yellowish. Petioles as well as nerves prickly.
foliate ; leaflets linear filiform ; siliques stipitate, pendulous.
Small-flowered Cleome. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
O. H. Native of Arabia Felix. Cleòme filifolia, Vahl. symb.
41 C. A'spera (Koen. ined. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herba-
A'SPERA
1. p. 48. Flowers with yellow petals, and violet and yellow
ceous, clothed with rough hairs ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ob- anthers and filaments.
long ; siliques sessile, terete, smooth, acuminated with the style. Narrow-leaved Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
O. H. Native of Coromandel. Habit of Polanísia felina, but
the flowers are hexandrous. Flowers yellowish.
+ Species not sufficiently known.
Rough Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
42 C. FLA'VA (Banks, herb. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herba- 52 C. PARADO'XA (R. Br. in Salt's abyss. p. 65.) suffruti-
ceous, covered with glandular pubescence, somewhat glaucous ; cose at the base, smooth; herbaceous at the top and scabrous with
lower leaves quinate; upper ones ternate ; leaflets oblong; glandular hairs ; leaves ternate, or quinate ; leaflets glaucous, ob-
;
siliques sessile, striated, clothed with glandular pubescence. long-linear, much shorter than the muricated petiole. h. s.
O. H. Native of New Holland. Flowers yellow.
Native of Abyssinia. Flowers whitish?
Yellow-flowered Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
Paradoxical Cleome. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
43 C. RUTIDOSPERMA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herbaceous, 53 C. CUNEIFOLIA (Muhl. from Nut. gen. amer. 2. p. 73.)
smooth ; leaves all trifoliate ; leaflets oval-oblong; siliques herbaceous, smooth ; leaves simple, cuneated, retuse ; siliques
smooth, stipitate, elongated, pointed. O. H. Native of To- stipitate. O.H. Native of Georgia, in North America. Flow-
bago? Habit of Gynandrópsis triphylla, but the torus is not ers white; filaments 6, long, capillary.
elongated. Flowers whitish.
Wedge-leaved Cleome. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
Rough-seeded Cleome. Pl. 1 foot.
54 Č? ARBOREA (Schrad in Goett. anz. 1821, p. 707.) un-
44 C. POLY’GAMA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 241.) herbaceous, armed, polyandrous; stamens seated near the base of the stipe
smooth; leaves stalked, lower ones simple, the rest trifoliate ; of the ovary; leaves ovate, acuminated. h.s.
h.S. Native of
leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, somewhat serrulated ; sili- Paraiba, in Brasil. A tree, with small yellow flowers. Perhaps
ques almost sessile, terete, smooth. .O.S. Native of the West a species of Polanísia.
India Islands. Flowers white, with purple stamens; anthers yellow. Tree Cleome. Tree 30 feet.
Var.a, C. polygama, Lin. spec. 930.-Sloane, jam. t. 124. f. 1. Cult. The shrubby species of Cleòme thrive best in a rich light
Var. B, C. serràta, Lin. spec. 939. Jacq. amer. ed. pict. t. soil, and ripened cuttings root freely under a hand-glass, in a mo-
262. f. 73. a leaf. Flowers white.
derate heat; but as most of the species seed freely, this will be
,
a
a

CAPPARIDEÆ. V. POLANISIA. VI. PHYSOSTEMON. VII. CORYNANDRA.
275
a
unnecessary. The seeds of the annual species require to be sown dodecándra, Lin. spec. 939. exclusive of the synonym
of Sloane.
on a hot-bed frame, early in spring; and when the plants are of -Burm. zeyl. t. 100. f. 1. Flowers with white petals and a
sufficient size they should be planted out into the open border, purplish calyx.
but this should never be done before the middle of May. The Dodecandrous Polanisia. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1795. Pl. 1 ft.
biennial species require to be kept in the stove; cuttings of these 8 P. FELI'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) strigose ; leaves almost
will strike root freely under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
а
radical, trifoliate ; leaflets wedge-shaped ; stamens 28-32 ; sili-
ques almost sessile, smooth. ? H. Native of the East In-
O
V. POLANI'SIA (molu, poly, many, avioos, anisos, un-
dies. Cleòme felina, Lin. fil. suppl. 300. Flowers small, red.
equal ; stamens numerous and unequal.) Raf. journ. phys. aout. The leaves are rough and pointed at the end, which has been liken-
1819. p. 98. D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.
ed to the roughness of a cat's tongue, whence the specific name.
Lin. syst. Octo-Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-sepalled, Cat-tongue-leaved Polanisia. Fl. June, Sept. Pl. 1} foot.
spreading, Petals 4. Stamens 8-32. Torus small. Silique
sessile within the calyx, or scarcely stipitate, terminated by a dis-
Sect. II, STYLA'RIA (from otulos, stylos, a style ; because of
tinct style. Annual herbs with the habit of Cleòme.
the style being longer than the ovary.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.
Style much longer than the ovary.
Sect. I. BRACHY'STYLA (from Bpaxus, brachys, short, and
9 P. UNIGLANDULÒSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) plant covered
atvlos, stylos, a style; because of the style being shorter than
with glandular pubescence ; leaves trifoliate; leaflets and brac-
the ovary.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 242. Style shorter than the ovary.
teas oblong-lanceolate ; stamens 8-16; siliques sessile, somewhat
This section, according to Mr. Brown, includes in addition to the
puberulous. O.H. Native of Mexico at Acapulco. Cleòme
species from which the genus was formed, at least two sets of uniglandulosa, Cav. icon. 4. t. 306. Flowers white, with rose-
plants having very little affinity with each other, or with the
coloured filaments, and yellow anthers.
original species, whose only congener is P. uniglandulòsa.
One-glanded Polanisia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. Pl. 14 ft.
i 1 P. DIA'NTHERA (D.C. syst. 1. p. 242.) smooth, somewhat
Cult. The species of Polanísia being all annual plants from
prickly ; leaflets 7, linear-filiform; stamens 8, 6 sterile, and 2
tropical countries, the seeds require to be sown in a hot-bed frame,
bearing anthers; silique stipitate, pendulous. O. H. Native
and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be planted
of the Cape of Good Hope. Cleome diandra, Burch. trav. 1.
out into the open border in a sheltered situation, but this should
p. 548. cat. no. 2103. Flowers red.
not be done before the middle of May. A plant of each should
Two-anthered Polanisia. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 14 foot.
be kept in pots and placed in the green-house during summer, in
2 P. CHELIDÒNIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) pilosely-hispid;
order to secure seeds for next year's sowing, in case the summer
leaflets 7-9, obovately-cuneated; stamens 24-32; silique sessile
should prove unfavourable for ripening in the
open
border.
- ? Native of the East Indies. Cleòme chelidònia, Lin. fil.
This may be said of all the annual plants belonging to Cap-
suppl. 300. Flowers rose-coloured, somewhat like those of
parídeæ.
Römèria hybrida, whence the specific name.
VI. PHYSOSTE'MON (from ovoa, physa, a bladder, and
Celendine-like Polanisia. Fl. Jul. Nov. Clt. 1792. Pl. lz ft.
otnuwv, stemon, a stamen; because of the stamens being inflated
3 P. ANGULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) smooth ; stem some- at the top.) Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 72.
what triquetrous ; leaflets 5-7, oblong-linear; silique sessile, LIN. syst. Hexo-Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals.
striated. O. H. Native of Java. Flowers violet.
Corolla of 4 petals, which are unguiculated. Stamens 6 or 8,
Angular-stemmed Polanisia. Fl. Ju. July. Pl. 1; foot.
unequal, 2 or 4 smaller, inflated under the anthers. Ovary
4 P. OXYPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) glandular and almost sessile. Siliques 1-celled, 2-valved. Receptacle mar-
pilose ; leaflets 3-7, elliptical-oblong ; stamens 8-12 ; siliques on ginate, permanent. Seeds numerous, echinated. Small annual
short stipes, striated, puberulous, pendulous. O ? H. Native plants, with slender fibrous roots; branched, erect or prostrate
of the Cape of Good Hope. Cleòme oxyphylla, Burch. cat. no. stems; simple exstipulate scattered leaves, and terminal racemes
1887. Flowers yellow.
of yellow flowers.
Sharp-leaved Polanisia. Fl. July, Sep. Pl. l, foot.
17
i P. LANCEOLA'TUS (Mart. A bras. 1. p. 73. t. 45.) erect;
5 P. GRAVE'OLENS (Rafin. journ. phys. aout. 1819. p. 98.) leaves linear-lanceolate; capsules elongated, linear, rather terete;
plant beset with glandular hairs ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ellip- style very short, permanent, . O.S. Native of Brazil in the
tical-oblong; stamens 8-12; siliques oblong, narrowed at the province of Pernambuco, in low sandy places.
base, glandularly-muricated, pubescent. 7. H. Native of
North America. Cleòme dodecandra, var. Canadensis, Lin.
Lanceolate-leaved Physostemon. Fl. April. Pl. 14 foot.
2 P. TENUIFÒLIUM (Mart. A. bras. 1. p. 73. t. 46.) smooth,
spec. 939. Bart. fl. amer. t. 22.--Corn. can. 131. icon. Flowers erect ; leaves linear-awl-shaped; capsules ovate, equal in length
small, pinkish. This plant is employed as a vermifuge.
to the style. 0. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Per-
Strong-scented Polanisia. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. — ? Pl. 2 feet. nambuco in grassy places. Stem branched from the base.
6 P. viscosa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) plant covered with Slender-leaved Physostemon. Fl. April. Pl. 14 foot.
glandular hairs; leaflets 3-5, obovately-cuneate or oblong; 3 P. ROTUNDIFOLIUM (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 74. t. 47.) leaves
stamens 8-20; siliques oblong, sessile, striated, covered with ovate-elliptical, acute; capsules ovate, compressed, exceeding
glandular hairs. O. H. Native of the East Indies. Flowers
the length of the permanent style. O.S. Native of Brazil on
small, yellow.
the confines of the provinces of Pernambuco and Bahia, on the
Var. a, Cleòme viscosa, Lin. spec. 938.-Rheed. mal. 9. t. 23. banks of the river Francisco. Stem decumbent, hairy.
Var. B, Cleòme icosandra, Lin. spec. 938.—Burm, zeyl. t. Round-leaved Physostemon. Fl. April. Pl. decumbent.
99. This plant has an acrid taste something like mustard, and Cult. The seed of these plants should be sown on a hot-bed
is eaten by the natives among other herbs as a salad.
early in spring, and when the plants are of sufficient size, which
Clammy Polanisia. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1730. Pl. 2 feet.
will be about the beginning of May, they should be planted out
7 P. DODECA'NDRA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.) puberulously-sca- into a warm sheltered situation in the open border, where they
brous ; leaves trifoliate; leaflets smooth, elliptical-lanceolate,
will ripen their seed if the summer proves warm.
somewhat serrulated; stamens 8-12; siliques sessile, narrowed
at the base, smooth. O. H. Native of the East Indies. Cleòme VII. CORYNA'NDRA (from kopuvn, coryne, a club, and
-
Nn 2

276
CAPPARIDEÆ, VII. CORYNANDRA. VIII, CRATÆVA. IX. RichieA.
avnp avòpos, aner andros, a male ; because of the filaments being Tapia or Common Garlic-Pear. Clt. 1752. Tree 30 to 40 ft.
club-shaped at the top.) Schrad. ex Spreng. syst. append. p. 201
p
5 C. ADANSÒNII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 243.) stamens 12-16, in-
and 204.
serted in a short torus; berry globose; leaflets oblong, acumi-
Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals. nated, almost equal at the base, but the lateral leaflets have un-
Petals 4. Stamens numerous ; filaments clubbed at the top un- equal sides.
ħ. S. Native of Senegal. Cratæ'va Tàpia,
der the anthers, and coloured ; anthers curved. Silique sessile. Adans. in herb. Juss. This plant is very like C. Tàpia.
2-valved, many-seeded. An annual erect herb, with the lower Flowers whitish-green, with reddish stamens.
leaves quinate and the upper ones ternate; leaflets lanceolate, Adanson's Garlic-Pear. Tree 30 feet.
linear. Flowers in corymbs, with white petals and red filaments. 6 C. RoxbU'RGHII (R. Br. in append. to Denh. and Clapp.
1 C. PULCHE'LLA (Schrad. l. c.) O. H. Native of Nipaul
O. H. Native of Nipaul trav.) stamens numerous ; leaflets ovate, unequal ; petals ovate-
and China. This is an elegant plant.
roundish. n. S. Native of the East Indies. Fruit and
Pretty Corynandra. Fl. July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
flowers like those of C. Tàpia. C. Tàpia, Vahl. symb. 3. p.
Cult. The seeds of this pretty annual plant should be sown 61. Cápparis trifoliata, Roxb. mss.—This species comes very
in a pot, in the month of March, and when the plants are of suf- near to C. Adansonii, but the lateral leaflets are more unequal ;
ficient size, which will be in May, they should be planted out into this consists of the greater decurrence of the lamina on the outer
the border in a warm situation, where they will flower and ripen side of the lateral leaflets.
seed.
Roxburgh's Garlic-Pear. Tree 30 feet.
Tribe II.
7 C. TAPIOI'DES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 243.) stamens 8-16, in-
serted in a short torus, twice as long as the oblong stipitate
CAPPAREÆ (plants agreeing in some characters with Cáp-
petals, and almost equalling the pedicel of the fruit; leaflets
paris.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 242, Fruit somewhat fleshy, indehis-
ovate, terminal one bluntish, lateral ones acuminated.
h. s.
cent (f. 52. f.). Shrubs or trees, with simple or ternate leaves.
Native of South America. Cápparis trifoliàta, Spreng. in herb.
Balb. Flowers white, with red stamens.
VIII. CRATÆVA (to the memory of Cratævus, a Greek Tapia-like Garlic-Pear. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
botanist, who lived in the time of Hippocrates.) Lin. gen. 599. 8 C. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. prodr. 1. p. 243.) stamens 12 to 16,
D. C. prod. 1. p. 242.
inserted in a short torus, a little longer than the oblong petals;
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-sepalled. Pe- leafiets ovate, much pointed, lateral ones unequal at the base.
tals 4, larger than the calyx. Stamens 8-28.
Stamens 8-28. Torus elongated ħ. S. Native of French Guiana Flowers white, in spreading
or hemispherical. Berry stipitate, with a very thin skin, ovate- terminal racemes. This is probably the same as C. Tàpia.
globose, pulpy in the inside. Unarmed shrubs or trees, with Acuminated-leaved Garlic-Pear. Tree 30 feet.
trifoliate leaves and terminal cymes or racemes of largish flowers. 9 C. OBOVA’TA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 61.) stamens 12, inserted
This genus differs particularly in the open æstivation of the in an annular torus, longer than the petals; berry cylindrical ;
petals. The flowers are sometimes polygamous.
leaflets obovate. ħ.S. Native of Madagascar. O'thrys, Pet.
1 C. GYNA'NDRA (Lin. spec. 636.) stamens 20-24, inserted on Th. gen. mad. no. 44.
no. 44. Flowers white. Fruit eatable.
the cylindrical receptacle, longer than the petals; berry ovate; Obovate-leaved Garlic-Pear. Tree 20 feet?
leaflets ovate, acute; petals lanceolate. h.S. Native of bushy 10 C. MAGNA (D. C. prodr. 1. p. 243.) stamens 12 to 24,
places near the sea in Jamaica.—Pluk. phyt. t. 147. f. 6. Flowers very long, inserted in a hemispherical torus; berry ovate ; leaf-
in panicled racemes, with whitish petals and purplish stamens, and lets oval-lanceolate ; petals ovate. h.G. Native of Cochin-
anthers. This plant has a nauseous smell and a burning taste. China. Cápparis mágna, Lour. cochin. p.
331. Flowers large,
Gynandrous Garlic Pear. Fl.? Clt. 1789. Tree 12 to 16 feet. white. Fruit roundish, ash-coloured, eatable.
2 C. RELIGIOSA (Forst. prod. 203.) stamens 20-28, inserted Large Garlic-Pear. Tree 30 feet.
in an annular torus, length of petals; berry oval ; leaflets lan- 11 C. FALCA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 243.) stamens 12 to 16, in-
ceolate-elliptical, acute. h. S. Native of Malabar and the serted in a short torus; berry oblong; lateral leaflets falcate at
Society Islands.-Rheed. mal. 3. t. 42. Flowers greenish- the base. ħ. G. Native of China, near Canton. Cápparis
white, with red stamens. In the Society Islands this tree is falcàta, Lour. cochin. p. 331. Flowers large, white. Berry ob-
planted in burial grounds, and is supposed to be sacred to their
long, red.
idols. In Otaheite the tree is called Pura-au and Puratarura. Falcate-leaved Garlic-Pear Tree 30 to 40 feet.
Sacred Garlic-Pear. Tree 20 feet.
12 C. RADIATIFLORA (D. C. prodr. 1. p. 243.) stamens inde-
3 C. LÆTA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 243.) stamens 20-24, inserted finite, inserted in an annular torus; berry roundish-oval, pen-
in an annular torus, longer than the petals; berry oval; leaflets dulous ; leaflets ovate or obovate, acuminated, shining. ñ. S.
ovate, acuminated, unequal at the base. h. S. Native of Native in woods of Guayaquil. Cápparis radiatiflora, Ruiz, et
Senegal. Flowers whitish, with reddish stamens, sometimes poly- Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 433.
5. t. 433. Flower white, large.
gamous. Perhaps the same as C. Adansònii.
Radiate-flowered Garlic-Pear. Tree 30 feet.
Fruitful Garlic-Pear. Tree 20 feet.
13 C. UNILOCULA'ris (Hamilt. in Lin. trans. vol. 15.) sta-
4 C. Ta'PIA (Lin. spec. 637.) stamens 8-16, inserted in a mens 16, inserted on a short torus; petals ovate, with the claws
cylindrical torus, nearly one-half shorter than the pedicel of the longer than the calyx; berry oblong. H.S.
h.s. Native of the
fruit and petals; berry globose ; leaflets ovate-acuminated, un- East Indies. Flowers either of separate sexes, or hermaphro-
equal at the base ; petals narrow. h.s. Native of the West dite. The tree is called Borun in Bengalese.
India Islands and South America.- Plum. gen. t. 21.–Pis. bras. Unilocular Garlic-Pear Tree 30 feet.
t. 69. The plant from the West India Islands is octandrous, and Cult. The species of Cratæ'va require a soil composed of
the one from South America is dodecandrous ; and therefore pro- loam, peat and rotten dung. Cuttings of all will root freely, if
bably distinct species. Flowers on long peduncles, forming loose planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat.
terminal panicled racemes, whitish. The fruit is as large as an
orange, and when ripe has a strong scent of garlic, which is IX. RICHIEA, (to the memory of Mr. Richie; the African
communicated to the animals that feed on it. Tapia is the traveller, died 1821, at Tripoli.) R. Br. in app. to Denh. et Clapp.
American name of the tree.
trav.

CAPPARIDEÆ. IX, Richiea. X. NIEBUHRIA. XI. Boscia. XII. CADABA.
277
LIN. Syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals, val- in sandy places. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from N. oblongi-
vate in the bud. Petals 4, very long and narrow, undulated at fölia.
the apex. Stamens 12 to 16, inserted in an elevated cylindrical Sand Niebuhria. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
torus. Ovary on a long stalk. Berry oblong, many-seeded. A Cult. Cultivated and propagated in the same way as Cratæva.
rambling smooth shrub, with ternate leaves, which are rather
coriaceous, and terminal corymbose racemes of large sweet- XI. BO'SCIA (in honour of Louis Bosc, long time professor
scented flowers, with white petals and filaments, and blue an- of agriculture in the Jardin des Plantes, Paris, and author of
thers. Filaments curved at the top.
several works.) Lam. ill. t. 395. D. C. prod. 1. p. 244. but not
1 R. FRA'GRANS (R. Br. 1. c.) H. v. S. Native of Sierra of Thunb.
Leone. Cratæ'va fràgrans, Sims, bot, mag. t. 526. Cratæ'va LIN. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-sepalled. Petals
capparoìdes, Andr. bot. rep. t. 176.
none. Stamens 12 to 20, inserted in a short torus. Berry sti-
Fragrant Richiea. Fl. Ju. Aug.
Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub cl. pitate, globose, 1-seeded. An unarmed shrub, with small white
Cult. This plant is well adapted for covering rafters in stoves. corymbose flowers.
A mixture of loam, peat and sand suits it best. Cuttings will i B. SENEGALE'NSIS (Lam. l. c) Þ.S. Native of Senegal.
root readily if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under a hand- Podòria Senegalensis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 5.
glass, in heat.
Senegal Boscia. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 feet.
Cult. Cultivated and propagated in the same manner as
X. NIEBU'HRIA (in honour of Carsten Niebuhr, an Arabian
Cratæva.
traveller, author of Reisebeschreibung nach Arabien, 2 vols.
4to. Copenhagen, 1774 and 1778, &c.) D. C. prodr. 1. p. 243.
XII. CA'DABA (Kadhab, or Qathab, is the Arabic name of
Lin. Syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-sepalled ; se-
C. rotundifolia.) Forsk. ægyp. 67. D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.
.
.
pals valvate in the bud. Petals none, or shorter than the calyx.
Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-sepalled.
Torus cylindrical, very short. Stamens indefinite. Berry ? ovate
Petals 4 or none. Nectary strap-formed, rising from the base
or cylindrical, stipitate. Unarmed shrubs, with white flowers,
of a cylindrical torus, these are usually fulvous above, and yellow
which are disposed in terminal racemes.
beneath. Stamens 4 to 5, monadelphous at the base. Berry
stipitate, cylindrical. Shrubs, with simple leaves and terminal
racemes of white or yellow flowers,
Sect. I. CRATÆVÆFO'RMES (shrubs with the habit of Cratæ'va)
D. C. prod. 1. p. 243.
.
Petals none.
Leaves trifoliate.
1 N. CA'FRA (D. C. prodr. 1. p. 243.) racemes terminal ;
$ 1. Flowers petalless, pentandrous.
leaflets oblong, almost 4-times longer than the petiole. Þ.G. 1 C. ROTUNDIFÒLIA (Forsk. descr. 68.) unarmed ; leaves
Native of the Cape of Good Hope, on the border of Cafraria. orbicular, and are, as well as the branches, smooth. h. G.
Cratæ'va Càfra, Burch. cat. no. 3678, and 3648.
Native of Arabia and Abyssinia. Stroe'mia rotundifòlia, Vahl,
African Niebuhria. Clt. 1818. Shrub 5 feet.
symb. 1. p. 20. Nectary fulvous above and yellow beneath.
2 N. AVICULA'RIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 243.) racemes terminal ; Round-leaved Cadaba. Tree 20 feet.
leaflets obovate, one half shorter than the petioles. 1. G. Na- 2 C. GLANDULÒSA (Forsk. descr. 68.) unarmed; leaves round-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Cratæ'va avicularis, Burch. ish, scabrous; branches covered with glandular hairs at the top.
cat. no. 4445. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from N. Càfra.
h.G. Native of Arabia. Stree'mia glandulòsa, Vahl. symb. 1.
Knotted Niebuhria. Shrub 4 feet.
p. 20. The number of stamens in this and the preceding spe-
3 N. LINEA'RIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) racemes terminal ; cies is unknown. Fruit hispid.
leaflets linear, recurvedly-mucronate, roughly-punctate on both Glandular-branched Cadaba. Tree 10 feet.
surfaces, shorter than the petioles. h.s. Native of the East
Indies. Capparis apétala, Roth. nov. spec p. 238. Cratæ'va
§ 2. Flowers of 4 petals.
apétala, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 448. Berry globose.
Linear-leaved Niebuhria. Shrub 6 feet.
3 C. LONGIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) unarmed ; stamens
4 N. OLEOIDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) peduncles 1-flow-
4 ; leaves oblong-linear, smooth. h.s. Native of Abyssinia.
ered, axillary ; leaflets oblong, nearly 4-times longer than the Stro'mia longifolia, R. Br. in Salt's voy. abyss. 64.
petioles. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. O'lea,
Long-leaved Cadaba. Shrub 10 feet?
Burm. in herb. Deless.
4 C. INDICA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 544.) unarmed; stamens 4 ;
Olive-like Niebuhria. Shrub 6 feet.
leaves oblong, smooth, mucronate. h. S. Native of the East
5 N. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) peduncles Indies. Cleòme fruticòsa, Lin. spe. 937.—Burm. ind. t. 46. f. 3.
1-flowered, axillary; leaflets oblong, equalling the petiole in Flowers white.
length. Þ.S. Native of Madagascar.
Indian Cadaba. Shrub 8 feet.
Madagascar Niebuhria. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 feet,
5 C. DU'BIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) unarmed ; stamens 4-5;
leaves somewhat elliptical, mealy with glaucous powder, 1-
Sect. II. CAPPAROI' DEÆ (from Capparis, and idea, form; ; nerved. h. S. Native of Senegal and Abyssinia. Stroe'mia
plants with the habit of Capparis.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 244. farinòsa, R. Br. in Salt's voy. abyss. 64. Perhaps distinct enough
Petals small. Leaves simple.
from the following species?
6 N. OBLONGIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) leaves oval-oblong,
Doubtful Cadaba. Tree 20 feet.
blunt, mucronulate. h. G. Native of Arabia and the East 6 C. FARINÒSA (Forsk. descr. 68.) unarmed; stamens 5;
Indies. Capparis oblongifolia, Forsk. descr. p. 99. Cápparis leaves oval-oblong, 1-nerved, mealy from glaucous powder. 2.
heteroclita, Roxb. ined. Cratæ'va oblongifolia, Spreng. syst. 2. G. Native of Arabia and Senegal, Stroe'mia farinosa, Vahl.
symb. 1. p. 20. Flowers yellow. Nectary white. Perhaps several
Oblong-leaved Niebuhria. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 feet.
species are confused under this name.
7 N. ARENA'RIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) leaves oval-oblong, Mealy Cadaba. Shrub.
emarginate, mucronulate, glaucous. n. S. Native of Gambay, 7 C. TRINE'RVIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) unarmed ; stamens
.
p. 448.
.

278
CAPPARIDEÆ. XII. CADABA. XIII. SCHEPPERIA. XIV. SODABA. XV. CAPPARIS.
a-
.
6 ; leaves 3-nerved, ovate-orbicular. h. G. Native of Persia, solitary (f. 52. e. a.), or rarely with 2 or 3 rising from the same
near Ispahan.
centre. Flowers polyandrous (f. 52. c.).
Three-nerved-leaved Cadaba. Shrub 10 feet.
8 C. CAPPAROI'DES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.) stipulas spinose ; 1 C. MARIA'NA (Jacq. h. Schonbr. t. 109.) unarmed ; leaves
stamens 6 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, feather-nerved. h. G.
roundish, somewhat cordate, smoothish, 10-times longer than
Native of New Holland and the island of Timor. Petals 3, long- the petiole ; pedicels 1-flowered, solitary, length of the leaves.
clawed.
h... Native of Marianne Islands, Timor and the Mauritius,
Capparis-like Cadaba. Shrub 10 feet.
Cápparis cordifolia, Lam. dict. 1. p. 609. Flowers large, white.
Cult. The species of Cádaba will thrive well in a mixture of Resembling C. spinosa in habit.
а
loam and peat; and cuttings will root freely if planted in a pot Marriane Islands' Caper-tree. Clt. 1820. Shrub 4 feet.
of sand, and then placed under a hand-glass.
2 C. SANDWICHIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 245.) unarmed ;
leaves elliptical, smoothish, scarcely 3-times longer than the
XIII. SCHEPPERIA (meaning unknown). Neck. elem. no. petiole ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, length of the leaves.
1392, D. C. prod. 1. p. 244.
B.G. Native of the Sandwich Islands. Flowers white.
LIN. SYST. Monadéīphia, Octándria. Calyx 4-sepalled, spread- Sandwich Caper-tree. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
ing. Petals 4. Torus elongated. Stamens 8, monadelphous 3 C. CHINE'NSIS ; unarmed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acu-
around the torus, but free at the top. Nectary concave at the minated, quite smooth ; pedicels 1-flowered, solitary, a little
base of the torus. Silique fleshy, stipitate within the calyx, longer than the petioles. ñ. G. Native of China. C. acumi-
.
Flowers white or dirty yellow.
nàta, Lindl. bot. reg. 1320. but not of Vahl, Petals white,
1 S. JU'NCEA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 245.) N.G. Native of tinged with red at the base. Stamens white; anthers blue.
the Cape of Good Hope. Cleòme júncea, Lin. suppl. 300.
Cleòme júncea, Lin. suppl. 300. China Caper-tree. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1820. Sh. 4 to 6 feet.
Macromèrum júnceum, Burch. trav. 1. p. 388, and 492. A 4. C. RUPESTRIS (Sibth, and Smith, fl. græc. t. 487.) unarmed;
leafless shrub, or with small deciduous leaves.
leaves roundish, fleshy, deciduous; pedicels 1-flowered, solitary,
Rushy Schepperia. Shrub 3 feet.
longer than the leaves. K.F. Native of Crete and Mycon
Cult. See Cádaba for the culture and propagation.
on rocks by the sea-side. C. spinosa, Curt. bot. mag. 291.
Flowers large, with white petals and red stamens.
XIV. SODA'BA (from Sodab, the Arabic name of the plant.) Rock Caper-tree. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 6 feet.
Forsk. descr. 81. D. C. prod. 1. p. 245.
.
5 C. SPINOSA (Lin.
FIG, 52.
LIN. SYST. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-sepalled, upper spec. 720.) stipulas spi-
sepal large, concave. Petals 4, unequal. Stamens 4, 8, or 16. nose, hooked; leaves
;
Torus small. Ovary on a long stipe, ovate, 4-furrowed. A diffuse ovate, roundish, decidu-
shrub, with spinose stipulas, and many axillary pedicels. Flow- ous ; pedicels solitary,
ers red; stamens brownish-green. Fruit red, bigger than a hazel-. 1-flowered. h. F. Na-
nut, eatable when dressed before it is ripe. (Forsk.) This is
tive of southern and
probably the Suag of Dr. Oudney's Journal, which he observed eastern Europe on walls
at Aghedem, and is said to be a tetrandrous plant, “having a and rocks. In the Gre-
small drupe, which is in great request about Bournou and Soudan, cian islands on rocks by
for removing sterility in females ; it is sweetish, and hot to the the sea-side. Blackw.
taste, approaching to Water-cress; and that in passing the plant herb. t. 417.
herb. t. 417. Smith,
a heavy narcotic smell is always perceived.” Mr. Brown does spic. 18. t. 12. f.
græc.
not consider this genus generically distinct from Capparis.
486,
There is a variety with abortive stipulas and ovate leaves,
1 S. DECIDUA (Forsk. 1. c. Del. ægyp. 74. t. 26.) ñ. G.
ħ. G. which are more or less hoary. Flowers white, tinged with red on
Native of Arabia and Upper Egypt. Hombak. Adans. fam. 2. the outside ; filaments red. The flower-bud (f. 52. a.) of this
p. 408. Capparis Sodába, R. Br. Petals red. Anthers yellow. plant is the well-known pickle the Caper.
Deciduous Sodaba. Shrub 6 feet.
The chief supply of caper buds is from Sicily, but the
Cult. See Cadába for culture and propagation.
plant is cultivated in the neighbourhood of Toulon in orchards,
in the intervals between fig and olive trees, and in the neigh-
XV. CA'PPARIS (kabir is the Arabic name of C. spinosa, bourhood of Paris, where it is trained on low walls, and
which the Greeks have changed to kantapıs, the Latins to Cáp- the shoots, during winter, laid down and covered with earth,
paris, the French to Caprier, and the English to Caper). Lin. to protect them from the frost. The plant is cultivated on
gen. no. 643. D. C. prod. 1. p. 245.
.
a large scale between Marseilles and Toulon, and in many parts
LIN. Syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted (f. 52.
SYST
of Italy. The plant is raised from suckers or cuttings, which are
a.). Petals 4 (f. 52. b.). Torus small. Stalk of fruit slender
Stalk of fruit slender planted about 10 feet distance from each other. They require
(f. 52. d.). Stamens indefinite (f. 52. c.). Siliques somewhat shelter from severe winds, and favourable exposure to the sun,
baccate (f. 52. f.), stipitate. Shrubs with entire simple leaves, and scarcely ever suffer from drought or heat. In spring they need
and mostly white flowers. This genus ought perhaps to be only one dressing; in autumn they are cut down to within six
divided into several genera.
inches of the ground, and covered with the surrounding earth,
EUCA'PPARIS
which is raised about them on all sides. In the succeeding
Sect. I. Euca'pparis (from evs, eus, genuine, and kattapıs, spring they are laid bare to the crown of the stump, and they
capparis; this section contains the genuine species of Capparis.)
D. C. prod. 1. p. 245. Capparis, Plum. gen. 39. Bud of flower
soon throw out fresh shoots. In the early part of the summer
globose (f. 52. a.), with ovate, imbricated, concave, blunt, un-
they begin to flower, and a succession of them continues till
they are destroyed by the cold of the advancing winter. In
equal sepals. Stalk of fruit long (f. 52. d.). Species all from
the old world or New Holland, not from America.
this country it is generally treated as a frame plant, though it
has stood the winter in the open air in some situations. A plant
$1. Pedicellàres, (from pedicellus, a pedicle ; because the pe- stood near a century against the wall of the garden of Camden
dicels are solitary.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 245.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 245. Pedicels axillary,
Pedicels axillary, House, Kensington; it produced many flowers annually, though
,

CAPPARIDEA. XV. CAPPARIS.
279
a
h.F.
the young shoots were frequently killed to the stump during Hoary Caper-tree. Shrub 3 or 4 feet.
winter. As a pickle, the flower-buds of the Caper are in great 13 C. HETERACA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spi-
esteem throughout Europe. In Italy the fruit is prepared in nose, some are straight, others hooked ; leaves orbicular, velvety,
the same way as the flower-buds, both are bitterish, acrid, and on very short petioles. h. F. Native between Bagdad and
aromatic to the taste. In the isles of the Mediterranean, and Aleppo. Leaves almost 3-nerved. Flowers white.
near Toulon, the flower-buds of the Caper are gathered while very Variable-spined Caper-tree. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 4 feet.
young, for as they enlarge they decrease in value; this forms a 14 C. LEUCOPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose,
daily occupation for six months, while the plants are in a flower- hooked ; leaves orbicular, hoary-velvety, on very short petioles; ;
ing state. As the buds are gathered they are thrown into a cask pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves.
among as much salt and vinegar as is sufficient to cover them, Native between Bagdad and Aleppo. Flowers white. Fruit
.
and as the quantity of capers is increased more vinegar is added. smooth, with 6 longitudinal veins.
When the caper season closes, the buds are then sorted accord- White-leaved Caper-tree. Fl. May. Aug. Shrub 3 or 4 feet.
ing to their size and colour. The smallest and greenest being 15 C. TOMENTO'SA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 606.) stipulas spinose,
the best, are separated and put into small casks of fresh vinegar hooked ; leaves ovate-oblong, blunt, velvety-tomentose; pedicels
for commerce. They will in this state keep fit for use for many solitary, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves. h. S. Native of
years. It is said to be a common practice to put filings of SenegalFlowers white.
copper in the first pickle to give the buds a green colour. The Tomentose Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
best capers are called nonpareills and the second best capucines. 16 C. DEALBA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose,
(N. Cours complet. d’Agr. art. Caprier.) The Caper is called in short, hooked ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, younger
France caprier, in Italy capriolo or Cappero, and in German ones rather velvety, at length becoming very smooth on the
Kapernstrauch. Capers have the character of being anti-scor- upper surface; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, length of the pe-
butic, and of removing hepatic and other visceral obstructions ; tioles. h. S. Native of Timor. Flowers white.
.
but the part of the plant which has been chiefly recommended Whitened Caper-tree. Shrub 4 feet.
for medicinal
,
is the bark of the root.
17 C. BREVISPI'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose,
Spiny or Common Caper-tree. Fl. May, Aug. Cit. 1596. short
, straight; leaves ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, smooth
Shrub 3 feet, lying on the ground if not supported.
pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, 3-times longer than the petioles.
6 C. FONTANE'SII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 245.) stipulas spinose, his. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white.
hooked ; leaves ovate, cordate at the base, acutish at the top. Short-spined Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
h. F. Native of Mauritania near Oran in fissures of rocks. 18 C. ERYTHROCA'RPA (Isert. berl. natur. 9. p. 339. t. 9.)
C. ováta, Desf. atl. 1. p. 404. but not of Bieb. Flowers dull stipulas spinose, reflexed ; leaves oblong, acuminated, younger
white. Fruit club-shaped. Habit of the last.
ones as well as branches somewhat velvety from stellate hairs,
Desfontaine's Caper-tree. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800 ? Sh. 3 ft. but at length becoming smooth; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered,
7 C. HERBA'CEA (Willd. enum. 560.) stipulas spinose, straight; longer than the very short petioles. H.S. Native of Guinea.
leaves elliptical, mucronulate, smooth ; pedicels solitary, 1- Flowers white. Fruit red.
.
flowered, longer than the leaves; stem herbaceous, trailing on Red-fruited Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
the earth. 4. F. Native of Tauria, Caspia, and Caucasus in 19 Č. RHEE'DII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose,
fields. C. ovata, Bieb. suppl. 2. p. 1. exclusive of the synonym. straight; leaves oval-oblong, mucronate, smooth, on very
,
Flowers white.
short petioles, netted on the under surface; pedicels solitary,
Herbaceous Caper-tree. Clt. 1818. Pl. trailing, 2 feet long.
Pl. trailing, 2 feet long. 1-flowered, about the length of the leaves. h. S. Native
8 C. ÆGY'PTA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 605.) stipulas spinose, some- of Malabar in sandy places. Badúkka, Rheed. mal. 6. t. 57.
what hooked ; leaves glaucous, roundish-cuneated, smooth, mu- Differing from C. Badúcca of Lin. in which there are many
cronate at the apex; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, length of the species confused. Flowers large, white, with a faint mixture
leaves. h. G. Native of Upper Egypt in the deserts. Del. of red.
fl. eg. p. 93. t. 31. f. 3. Flowers whitish or rose-coloured.
Rheede's Caper-tree. Fl.? Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Egyptian Caper-tree. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
20 C. AFZELII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose,
9 C. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Rottl. in Willd. berl. mag. p. 185.) sti- hooked ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, younger ones somewhat pu-
pulas spinose, straight ; leaves sessile, roundish-ovate, somewhat berulous, adult ones smooth, on very short petioles ; pedicels
cordate; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered; capsules globose. h. solitary, 1-flowered.
h. solitary, 1-flowered. K. S. Native of the western coast of
s. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white.
Africa. Flowers white. Very like C. Rheèdii.
Round-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 4 feet.
Afzelius's Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
10 C. NEPAULE'Nsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose 21 PYRIFOʻLIA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 606.) stipulas spinose, short,
somewhat hooked ; leaves ovate, on very short petioles, and are hooked ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acute, younger ones rather
as well as branches rather hoary; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, tomentose, adult ones smooth; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered,
longer than the leaves ; ovary oblong. h. G. Native of much shorter than the leaves. H.S. Native of the East Indies.
Nepaul. Flowers white.
Flowers white.
Nepaul Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
Pear-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
11 C. NUMMULA'RIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose, 22 C. STYLO'SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose,
straight; leaves ovate-orbicular, mucronate and emarginate, spreading ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acute, younger ones some-
smooth, twice the length of the petioles. . G. Native of what woolly, adult ones smooth; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered,
New Holland on the Barren Islands. Flowers white.
3-times longer than the petioles ; sepals acuminated, ovary nar-
Money-wort-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 3 feet.
rowed out into a thick style. . S. Native of Coromandel in
12 C. CANE'SCENS (Banks, ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) sti- sandy places. Flowers white.
pulas spinose, straight; leaves ovate, somewhat acute, velvety- Var. B, velutina (D. C. 1. c.) plant somewhat hoary with short
puberulous, 6-times longer than the petioles ; pedicels solitary, down. Native of Mysore.
1-flowered, length of the leaves. Þ.G. Native of New South Long-styled Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Wales. Flowers white.
23 Č. HO'RRIDA (Lin fil. suppl. 264.) stipulas spinose, spread-
.
1

280
CAPPARIDEÆ, XIII. CAPPARIS.
a
ing; leaves ovate, mucronate ; pedicels 1-flowered, rising above 33 C. CALLO'SA (Blum. l. c.) stipulas spinose, straight ; leaves
the axils of the leaves, 2 or 4 together. ñ.s. Native of oblong, scariose at the apex, coriaceous, smooth, rounded at the
Coromandel and Ceylon. Flowers white.
base ; pedicels solitary, 1-2-3 together, about equal in length
Horrid Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet.
with the petioles. . S. Native of Java. Flowers probably
24 C. PUBIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) stipulas spinose, white. Allied to the preceding.
spreading, small, straight; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, smooth, Callous Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
.
pedicels 1 to 3 together, axillary, twice the length of the petioles. 34 C. FLEXUO'SA (Blum. I. c.) stipulas spinulose, very short;
h.s.
Native of Timor ? and Java. Petals downy, white. leaves elliptical-oblong, acute at both ends, coriaceous, smooth,
Downy-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
but scariose at the apex ; pedicels on the younger branches, 2-4-
;
25 C. APHY’LLA (Roth. nov. spe. p. 238.) stipulas spinose; together, equal in length with the petioles. h.S. Native of
leaves none? umbels of flowers almost sessile, rising from the Java. Flowers probably white. Allied to the two preceding,
axils of the stipulas ; stem flexuous, dichotomous, leafless, and Flexuous-branched Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
is, as well as the divaricate branches, very smooth. h.s. Na- 35 C. VOLKAME'RIÆ (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose,
tive of the East Indies. Flowers white?
hooked at the top; leaves ovate, pointed with a callous mucrone,
Leafless Caper-tree. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
rusty-velvety on the under surface along the nerves; pedicels
26 LINEA'TA (Pers. synop. 2. p. 60.) leaves ovate, acumi- 2-3 together. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
nated, on short foot-stalks, at last becoming glabrous on the Volkamèria Capensis, Burm. prod. cap. 17. Petals white, cili-
upper surface; under surface, as well as branches, covered with ated with hairs.
velvety tomentum ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. h.s. Na- Volkameria-like Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
tive of Brazil, at Rio Janeiro. Flowers white.
36 C. LASIA'NTHA (R. Br. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.)
Lined-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
stipulas spinose ; leaves oyate-oblong, on very short petioles, at
27 C. DIVARICA'TA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 606.) stipulas spinose, length smooth, younger ones as well as branchlets and calyx
hooked, divaricate ; leaves glabrous, linear, acute, on very short velvety ; pedicels 2-3 together. n. S. Native of New Hol-
foot-stalks. ħ.s. Native of Coromandel. This plant cer- land on the eastern coast within the tropic. Flowers white,
tainly belongs to Sect. Eucápparis, but the flowers and fruit are Woolly-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
unknown.
37 C. TERNIFLÓRA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose,
Divaricated stipuled Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet,
hooked ; leaves ovate-mucronate, at length smooth, younger ones
pubescent; pedicels 3 together ; sepals velvety. . S. Na-
tive of Coromandel. Flowers white.
§ 2. Seriales (from sero, to lay in order; because of the
Tern-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
flowers being disposed in something like whorles.) Pedicels 1- 38 C. QUADRIFLÒRA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose,
flowered, rising above the axils of the leaves, several together, straightish; leaves ovate, acuminated, with a callous point,
;
and disposed in a vertical series.
upper surface smooth, under surface velvety, as well as branches
and calyx ; pedicels 4 together. n. S. Native of the East In-
28 C. ZEYLA'NICA (Lin. spec. 720.) stipulas spinose, straight; dies. C. pyrifolia B, Lam. dict. 1. p. 606.-Pluk. phyt. t. 107.
leaves oval, pointed at both ends, smooth ; pedicels 2 or 3 toge-
f. 3. Flowers white.
ther, 3-times longer than the petiole. ħ.s. Native of Ceylon Four-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
and Java. Flowers small, white, 12-anthered. Perhaps the 39 C. QUINIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas none;
same as C. Zeylanica of Lour, which is described as having a leaves ovate, somewhat acuminated, younger ones pubescent, at
small, black, round, 3-seeded berry.
length smooth; pedicels 4-6, together. Þ.G. Native of New
Ceylon Caper-tree. Clt. 1819. Shrub 6 feet.
Holland on the northern coast. Flowers white.
29° C. BILLARDIE'RII (D. C. prod: 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose, Five-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
straight; leaves oval-oblong, veiny-netted, and are, as well as 40 Č. MICRACA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose,
branches, smooth ; pedicels 3-together; ovary almost sessile. small, straight ; leaves oval, blunt, pointed with a callous mu-
h.s. Native of the Molucca Islands, at the straits of Bouton. crone ; pedicels 4-6 together. n .s. Native of Java. Flowers
Flowers white.
white.
La Billardiere's Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Small-spined Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet,
30 C. ACUMINATA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1131.) stipulas spinose,
hooked at the top ; leaves ovate, mucronately-acuminated; rusty- § 3. Corymbòsæ (from corymbus, a corymb; because of the
tomentose on the under surface; pedicels 2-3 together. T.S. flowers being disposed in corymbs.) Pedicels disposed in corymbs
Native of the East Indies. Petals white, ciliated with down.
or racemes. Flowers polyandrous.
Perhaps this plant is referable to t. 29. of Braam. icon. chin.
1821.
41 C. CITRIFÒLIA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 606.) stipulas spinose,
Taper-pointed-leaved Caper-tree. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet. hooked ; leaves oblong, mucronate, smooth ; pedicels umbellate,
31 C. FE'TIDA (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. terminal. ħ. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. There
P 644.) stipulas spinose, straight; leaves oval, acuminated, is a variety of this plant with puberulous branches. Flowers
a little cordate at the base, clothed beneath, as well as the small, white.
branches with stellate down ; pedicels solitary, or 2-5 together, Citron-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
twice the length of the petiole; petals villous. h. S. Native 42 C. SEPIA'RIA (Lin. spec. 720.) stipulas spinose, hooked ;
of Java. Flowers white. Like C. acuminata.
leaves ovate, somewhat emarginate, and pubescent on the under
Fetid Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
surface as well as the branches ; pedicels umbellate, terminal.
32 C. MICRA'NTHA (Blum. 1. c.) stipulas spinose, small, h.s. Native of the East Indies in hedges.—Pluk. phyt. t. 338.
straight ; leaves oval, scariose, coriaceous, smooth, somewhat f. 3. Flowers small, white.
cordate at the base ; pedicels 2-6 together, shorter than the pe- Var. B, glabràta (D. C. 1. c.) adult leaves smooth. Native of
tioles. . S. Native of Java. Flowers probably white. Timor.
Small-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Hedge Caper-tree. Fl. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
.
1.

CAPPARIDEÆ, XV. CAPPARIS.
281
h
43 C. CALLOPHY'LLA (Blum. bijdr. fl. ned. ind. ex Schlecht. Brass's Caper-tree. Clt, 1793. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Linnæa. 1. p. 645.) stipulas spinose, hooked ; leaves oval, coria-
;
55 C. FASCICULA'RIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) stipulas on the
ceous, smooth, with a callous mucrone at the point; racemes branches spinose, somewhat hooked, none on the branchlets ;
elongated ; pedicels umbellate. h. S. Native of Java. C.tylo- leaves elliptical, adult ones smooth; racemes fasciculately-co-
phylla, Spreng. syst. append. p. 204. Flowers probably white. rymbose, axillary. n. S. Native on the western coast of
Beautiful-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Africa, at Cape Coast, and Acra. Flowers white.
44 C. UMBELLATA (R. Br. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) Fascicled-corymbed Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
unarmed ; leaves oval, blunt; somewhat emarginate, smooth; 56 C. LANCEOLA'RIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) stipulas spinose,
branchlets and petioles pubescent; pedicels umbellate, terminal. hooked ; leaves lanceolate, acute; racemes axillary, somewhat
h.G. Native of New Holland on the eastern coast within the corymbose ; pedicels furnished on each side at their base with
tropic. Flowers white.
a spinose stipula. h.S. Native of Java. C. Salaccénsis, Blum.
Umbellate-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Flowers white.
45 C. INCANE'SCENS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas spinose, Lanceolar-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. .
hooked ; leaves elliptical, mucronate, and are hoary as well as
the branches from appressed down; pedicels umbellately-corym-
§ 4. Octándre (so named because of the flowers being oc-
bose, terminal. h. S. Native of Mysore. Flowers white.
tandrous). Pedicels axillary, usually many-flowered; flowers
Incanescent Caper-tree. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
octandrous. Perhaps a proper section. Species all from the
46 C. CORYMBO'SA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 605.) stipulas spinose,
Cape of Good Hope.
hooked ; leaves oval, or obovate, smooth, but usually pubescent 57 C. CLUYTIÆFÒLIA (Burcle. cat. no. 3881, and D. C. prod.
beneath; pedicels corymbose, terminal, and axillary. . s. 1. p. 248.) unarmed ; leaves oblong-cuneated, blunt, smooth,
Native of Senegal and Gambia. Flowers white.
Flowers white. Perhaps the with a mucrone ; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, one-half
plant with the smooth is specifically distinct from that with the shorter than the leaves. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good
pubescent leaves.
Hope Flowers white.
Corymbose-flowered Caper-tree. Fl. Mar. Ap. May. Sh. 8 ft. Cluytia-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
47 C. CANE'SCENS; stipulas spinose ; leaves tomentose, lan- 58 C. OLEOÌDES (Burch. cat. no. 4200.) unarmed ; leaves ob-
ceolate-obovate, emarginate ; pedicels corymbose, terminal. ħ. long, smooth, narrowed at the base, blunt at the apex, with a
,
S. Native of the eastern coast of Africa. Flowers white. mucrone ; racemes axillary, a little shorter than the leaves ; stalk
Candescent Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
of fruit shorter than the pedicel. h. G. Native of the
48 C. RoxBU'RGHII (D.C. prod. 1. p. 247.) stipulas of the branches Cape of Good Hope. Berry globose, about the size of a pea.
spinose, reflexed, on the branchlets none; leaves elliptical, smooth; Flowers white.
branchlets grey-velvety ; pedicels racemosely-corymbose. K.S. Olive-like Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Native of the East Indies. Flowers white.(C. A guba, herb. Banks.) 59 C. CORIACEA (Burch. cat. no. 2898.) unarmed; leaves
Roxburgh's Caper-tree. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
oblong, blunt, smooth ; racemes axillary, a little shorter than the
49 C. OBOVA'TA (Buch. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) leaves leaves. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Scarcely
obovate, cinereously-velvety on the under surface as well as the differing from C. oleoìdes. Flowers white.
branches ; pedicels racemosely-corymbose. h. S. Native of Leathery-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Mysore. Flowers probably white.
60 C. ALBITRU'NCA (Burch. cat. no. 1762. trav. 1. p. 343.)
Obovate-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
unarmed ; leaves oblong, very blunt, narrowed at the base,
50 C. MA'XIMA (Roth. nov. spec. 237.) unarmed ; leaves smooth; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves; stalk of
roundish-ovate, narrowed a little at both ends, upper surface fruit length of the pedicel. K.G. Native of the Cape of Good
smooth, shining, under surface pubescent, and is as well as the Hope. Flowers white.
branches greyish; racemes terminal, somewhat paniculate. h.S. White-trunked Caper-tree. Tree 16 feet.
Native of the East Indies. Flowers white.
61 C. PUNCTATA (Burch. cat. no. 1891. trav. 1. p. 492.) un-
Greatest Caper-tree. Tree 20 feet. .
armed ; leaves oblong, somewhat narrowed at the base, and
51 C. GRA'NDIS (Lin. fil. suppl. 263.) unarmed; leaves somewhat mucronate at the top, smooth, netted with veins; race-
ovate, and are as well as younger branches somewhat velvety, mes axillary, much shorter than the leaves. K.G. Native of
.
adult ones smooth; racemes terminal. h.S. Native of Cey- the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white.
lon. Flowers pale yellow. Fruit small, globose.
Dotted Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Grand Caper-tree. Tree 30 feet.
62 C. RACEMULO'SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) stipulas spinose,
52 C. RACEMIFERA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) stipulas of the small ; leaves oval-oblong, smooth ; racemes axillary, 3-times
branches rather spinose, unequal, none on the branchlets ; leaves longer than the leaves. h.G. Native of South Africa. Flowers
;
obovate, upper surface smooth, under surface pubescent, as well apetalous ? 8-12 stamened.
as the younger branches ; racemes terminal. h.s. Native of Racemulose-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub?
the East Indies. Flowers white.
Raceme-bearing Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Sect. II. CAPPARIDA'STRUM (from Capparis, and astrum, an
53 C. PUBERULA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) stipulas on the affixed signification). D. C. prod. 1. p. 248. Flower-bud some-
branches spinose, hooked, those on the branchlets punctiform ; what obovate, with small, roundish, equal sepals, imbricated
leaves ovate-lanceolate, upper surface smooth, under surface some- before expansion. Stalk of fruit middle-sized. Branches un-
what velvety as well as the branchlets; racemes terminal. ħ. armed. Leaves smooth. Species all from America.
S. Native on the western coast of tropical Africa. Flowers white. 63 C. FRONDO'SA (Jacq. amer. 162. t. 104. pict. 79. t. 153.)
Puberulous Caper-tree. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
leaves leathery, lanceolate, acuminated, somewhat cordate at the
54 C. Braʼssii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 248.) stipulas spinose, base, 3-times or more, longer than the petiole ; pedicels corym-
hooked ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth ; branchlets and pe- bose at the top of the peduncle. h.s. Native of Carthagena,
tioles pubescent; racemes corymbose, axillary.
h.S. Native
in woods; also in St. Domingo and New Granada. Flowers
on the western coast of Africa, at Cape Coast, and Acra. greenish or purple. Fruit purple, with whitish flesh.
Flowers white.
Leafy Caper-tree. Clt. 1800. Shrub 7 feet.
VOL.I.PART III.
Oo
)

282
CAPPARIDEÆ. XV. CAPPARIS.
p. 89.)
h.s.
64 C. CUNEA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 249.) leaves leathery, woods of Carthagena.
woods of Carthagena. Flowers purple, somewhat odorous, and
obovately-cuneated, mucronate, 3-times longer than the petiole; nearly 2 inches in diameter.
flowers racemose; stalk of fruit longer than the pedicel of the Halbert-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
.
flower. h.s. Native of the West-India Islands. C. petiolaris, 74 C. LINEA'RIS (Jacq. amer. t. 102. pict. t. 151.) leaves
Banks. herb. Flowers white.
smooth, leathery, on very short petioles, linear, with glands in
Wedge-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6-8 feet.
the axils; racemes somewhat panicled. h. S. Native of
65 C. MACROPHY'LLA (H. B. and Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 91.) Carthagena and Cumana, in woods. Flowers white, half-an-inch
leaves leathery, oval, acutish at both ends, twice the length of in diameter, scentless. Fruit orange-coloured.
the petioles ; flowers racemose, on long pedicels. h.s. Native Linear-leaved Caper-tree. Clt. 1793. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
on the banks of the river Magdalena. Flowers white inside. 75 C. LANCEOLA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 429. f. a.
Long-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet, climbing.
ined. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 249.) leaves smooth, ovate-lanceolate,
66 C. PETIOLA'RIS (H. B. and Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 91.) acuminated; peduncles panicled ; bracteas glanduliferous at the
leaves membranous, oval-oblong, blunt, twice the length of the base. h.s. Native of Guayaquil, on the banks of the Daule.
petioles ; flowers racemose ; stalk of fruit double the length of Flowers white; petals oblong-obovate, twice as long as the calyx.
the pedicel. þ.S. Native near Guayaquil. Flowers white. Siliques 2 hands long.
Petiolar Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Lanceolate-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
67 C. TRIFLO'RA (Mill. dict. no. 10.) leaves elliptic-oblong, 76 C. GUAYAQUILE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5.
acuminated at both ends, 3-times longer than the petioles; pe- leaves smooth, oblong, blunt, somewhat retuse, on short petioles;
duncles 3-flowered, much shorter than the leaves. ñ.S. Native axillary gland truncate ; racemes terminal. h. S. Native of
of South America, about Tolu. Flowers small white, succeeded Guayaquil
. Siliques 2 or 4 inches long, torulose. Flowers white.
by oval fruit.
Guayaquil Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Three-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
77 Č. LÆ'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 88.) leaves
68 C. BRASILIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 249.) leaves oblong, smooth, oblong, blunt at both ends, somewhat emarginate, on
narrowed at the base, somewhat cordate, almost sessile ; pedun- very short petioles ; axillary gland truncate ; racemes branched
cles racemose ; stalk of fruit scarcely shorter than the pedicel. at the base. h.S. Native about Turbaco. Flowers white.
h.s. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. Flowers white.
Fruitful Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet. .
Brasilian Caper-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
78 Č. SUBBILOBA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 90.)
leaves smooth, elliptical, emarginately 2-lobed at the top, on short
Sect. III. CYNOPHA’LLA (from kuwv, kyon, a dog, and pal- petioles ; axillary gland blunt ; racemes panicled, short.
los, phallos, a phallus; in allusion to the shape of the fruit.) Native about Cumana.
Native about Cumana. Flowers white.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 249.
249. Flower-bud globose, with roundish se- Sub-bilobed-leaved Caper-tree. Tree 20 feet.
pals, imbricated before expansion, and each furnished at the base 79 C. PAUCIFLÓRA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 89.)
with a gland or hollow. Siliques long, terete, fleshy. Stalk of leaves smooth, leathery, elliptical, blunt at both ends, somewhat
fruit elongated. Species all from America. Unarmed shrubs, emarginate ; axillary gland truncate ; peduncles 3-flowered.
usually with glands in the axils of the leaves.
H.S.
Native of shady places near Cumana. Flowers un-
69 °C. Se'ssILIS (Banks. herb. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 249.) known. Siliques 2 or 3 inches long.
leaves almost sessile, oval, cordate at the base ; axillary gland Few-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub.
wanting or concave ; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. h. 80 C. VERRUCÒSA (Jacq. amer. t. 99.) leaves smooth, oblong,
S. Native of Carthagena. Flowers white.
blunt at the base, acutish at the top; axillary gland wanting ;
Sessile-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
racemes terminal, few-flowered ; siliques warted. h. S. Na-
70 C. CYNOPHAĻLO'PHORA (Lin. spec. 721. Jacq. amer. t. 98. tive of Carthagena and Island of St. Thomas, in low woods.
pict. t. 145.) leaves smooth, leathery, oblong, on short petioles ; Flowers white. Siliques 14 inch long. Pulp of fruit white.
axillary gland ovate-oblong; peduncles few-flowered, shorter Warted-podded Caper-tree. Clt. 1820. Shrub 8 feet.
than the leaves. h.s. Native of the West-India Islands and 81 C. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 88.) leaves
South America. c. flexuosa, Lin. spec. 722. A very polymor- oblong, on short petioles, somewhat ovate at the base, and narrow-
phous species; perhaps a heterogeneous mass of species collected. ed towards the top; upper surface smooth, under surface vel-
Flowers large white, or greenish-white, fragrant. Fruit reddish vety, as well as the branches; axillary gland blunt ; racemes
when ripe, opening at the suture. Seeds enveloped in scarlet- terminal, 8-flowered. h.s. Native of Peru, on the banks of
pulp.
the Macera Flowers white. Fruit unknown.
Dog-phallus-bearing Caper-tree. Clt. 1752. Shrub 8 to 12 Soft Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
feet, with weak branches.
82 C. HETEROPHY'LLA (Ruiz, et Pav. ined. D. C. prod. 1.
71 C. EUSTACHIA'NA (Jacq. amer. ed. pict. t. 146.) leaves p. 250.) leaves smooth, oblong-obovate, mucronate, or emargi-
smooth, somewhat coriaceous, ovate, acuminated, on short foot- nate; axillary gland pyxidiform ; racemes terminal, somewhat
stalks ; axillary gland ovate-oblong; peduncles few-flowered, corymbose ; fruit club-shaped. h.s. Native of Guayaquil,
S.
shorter than the leaves. n. S. Native of the Island of St. in woods. Flowers small, white. Fruit an inch long.
Eustach. Flowers purple.
Variable-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
St. Eustach Caper-tree. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet.
83 C. AMPLISSIMA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 607.) leaves smooth,
72 C. SALIGNA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 66.) leaves smooth, lea- oval, on short petioles ; axillary gland ovate; pedicels few, or
thery, on short petioles, linear, somewhat dilated at the base, and solitary at the top of the branches; fruit ovate. h.s. Native
cordate; axillary gland ovate-oblong.
Native of of Hispaniola and Mexico. Plum. ed Burm. t. 73. f. 2. exclu-
Santa Cruz. Flowers white.
sive of the synonyms. Flowers large, whitish-yellow. Fruit large.
Willowy Caper-tree. Clt. 1807. Shrub 8 feet.
Very ample Caper-tree. Tree 30 feet.,
73 C. HASTATA (Lin. spec. 722. Jacq. amer. t. 174. f. 56. 84 C. SAXA'TILIS (H. B. et Kunth, ined. et D. C. prod. 1. p.
pict. t. 147.) leaves smooth, leathery, on short petioles, hastate 250.) leaves smooth, oval-oblong, retuse, on short petioles ;
at the base, or somewhat cordate, the rest long linear; axillary pedicels loosely-racemose ; fruit ovate. h.s. Native of An-
gland wanting ; racemes terminal.
Native of the gustura, in the fissures of rocks. Flowers white.
h. G.
. s.
1

CAPPARIDEÆ. XV. CAPPARIS.
283
5
.
Rock Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet.
many-flowered; stamens shorter than the corolla. h.s. Na-
85 C. RACEMO'SA (Mill. dict. no. 5.). leaves opposite, on long tive of St. Domingo in inundated places by the sea-side. Flowers
footstalks, ovate; peduncles 2-3-flowered. . S. Native of
Native of white, sweet-scented.
New Spain, near Carthagena. Flowers white. Siliques 2 or 3 Tufted Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
inches long, the thickness of a man's little finger.
93 C. ODORATISSIMA (Jacq. hort,
FIG. 53.
Racemose Caper-tree. Tree 20 feet.
Schoenbr. t. 110.) leaves oblong,
86 C. DIDYMOBÓTRYS (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 429. f. b. acuminate, on long footstalks, upper
ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 253.) leaves oval, emarginate, some- surface smooth, under surface co-
what keeled, upper surface shining ; axillary glands none; pe- vered with little hard scales ; pe-
duncles axillary, racemose, in pairs, distich; siliques very long. duncles racemiferous at the top;
H.S. Native of Guayaquil, in woods. Flowers white.
stamens 28-32, length of corolla.
Double-bunched Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
h.s. Native of Caraccas. Flowers
87 C. MACROCA'RPA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. ined. 5. t. 530. et violet, sweet-scented; about the
D. C. prod. 1. p. 250.) leaves smooth, oval, mucronate ; glands size of a myrtle, with yellow an-
of the calyx large; sepals and petals acute ; berry roundish. thers (f. 53.).
h.S. Native of Guayaquil, in woods, and near Loxa. Per- Most-sweet-scented Caper-tree.
haps a proper section. Flowers white.
Clt. 1814. Shrub 6 feet.
Large-fruited Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet.
94 C. PACHACA (H. B. et Kunth,
nov. spec. 5. p. 93.) leaves ovate-
Sect. IV. CALA'NTHEA (from kaloc, kalos, beautiful, and avoc, elliptical
, somewhat emarginate,
,
anthos, a flower; because of the species contained in this section
leathery, smooth, on very short
bearing beautiful flowers). D. C. prod. 1. p. 150. Sepals some-
footstalks ; racemes terminal, few-flowered ; fruit somewhat
what linear, acute, reflexed, distant at the base. Fruit roundish.
globose, pendulous. ħ. S. Native of Cumana in woods.
Species all from America.
Flowers green. Pachaca is the native name of the tree.
88 C. PULCHE'RRIMA (Jacq. amer. t. 106.) leaves smooth,
Pachaca Caper-tree. Tree 25 feet.
oblong, blunt, on very short footstalks ; axillary glands none;
95 C. SCA'BRIDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 95.) leaves
racemes terminal
, simple ; fruit somewhat pointed with the style
. oblong, blunt at the base, acutish at the top, upper surface
ħ.S. Native of Carthagena on declivities of mountains. c. roughish, under surface somewhat velvety, on long footstalks ;
arboréscens, Mill. dict. no. 21. Petals pale yellow, woolly,
branches and racemes tomentose; stamens 24, villous at the
base.
oblong; filaments at first white, then beautiful purple. Berry
h.S. Native of South America. Fruit ovate-oblong,
yellow.
14 inch long. Sepals oval-oblong, conniving into an ovate bud.
Very-fair Caper-tree. Clt. 1700. Shrub 12 to 14 feet.
Flowers white. Perhaps a separate section.
89 C. NEMORO'SA (Jacq. amer. ed. pict. t. 156.) leaves ovate,
Roughish-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
acuminate, upper surface smooth, under surface clothed with
96 C, TENUISI'LIQUA (Jacq. amer. t. 105.) leaves lanceolate or
deciduous wool; fruit ovate-oblong. n. S. Native of Car-
ovate, smooth, stalked ; racemes terminal, many-flowered ; sta-
thagena in woods. Flowers unknown.
mens 16-24, and are as well as the siliques very long.
Grove Caper-tree. Tree 20 feet.
Native of Carthagena, very frequent. Flowers greenish-white.
Leaves deciduous.
Slender-siliqued Caper-tree. Clt. 1822. Shrub 15 feet.
Sect. V. BREYNIA'STRUM (plant like Capparis Bréynia). 97 C. OBOVATIFO'LIA. (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 92.)
D. C. prod. 1. p. 250. Breyniæ spec. Plum. gen. t. 16. not of
t. 16. not of leaves elliptical-obovate, somewhat cordate, smooth, on very
Forst. Sepals much smaller than the petals, triangular, acute.
,
long footstalks; racemes somewhat axillary, many-flowered ;
Berry oblong. Stalk of fruit shortish. Unarmed species from siliques somewhat elongated, pendulous. ñ.s. Native near
America. Peduncles axillary, many-flowered.
Cumana. Flowers white ?
Obovate-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
* Flowers polyandrous.
98 C. BREVISI'LIQUA (Moc, et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon. D.C.
prod. 1. p. 251.) leaves elliptical, blunt, emarginate, smooth, on
90 C. AMYGDALI'NA (Lam. dict. 1. t. 608. exclusive of the short footstalks ; pedicels terminal, 2-3-flowered, umbellate ;
synonym of Jacq. and Lin.) leaves elliptical-oblong, narrowed siliques torulose, twice the length of their stalks. . S. Na-
towards both ends, with a callous point; upper surface smooth, tive of New Spain. Petals oblong-spatulate, whitish-green.
under surface covered with silvery scaly dots as well as the Short-siliqued Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
branches; peduncles axillary, compressed, corymbiferous. ì.S. 99 C.? OVALIFÒLIA (Ruiz, & Pav. fl. per. t. 432. f. a. ined. D.C.
Native of the West India islands and the continent of South prod. 1. p. 253.) leaves oval, mucronate or emarginate, under
America. Brey. icon. rar. p. 13. icone. Plum. gen. 40. t. 16. surface hoary-tomentose ; racemes many-flowered, axillary and
Pods a foot long. Flowers white.
terminal; calyx 4-notched; glands of calyx scale-formed, ciliated;
Var. ß, umbellata (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 97.) differ- stalk of fruit short. h.s. Native of Peru at Ica and of Guaya-
ing from the species by the leaves being a little narrower. quil. Petals unguiculate, yellowish, with a purple margin.
Almond-like Caper-tree. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 feet.
Stamens declinate, 12-18; exterior ones at the base somewhat
91 C. BARCELLONE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 97.) monadelphous. Fruit oval.
leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminate, upper surface of younger Oval-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet.
leaves pubescent, under surface scaly, as well as the branches ;
* * Flowers octandrous.
peduncles axillary and terminal, racemiferous. ħ.s. Native of
New Barcelona in bushy places. Flowers whitish.
100 C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov.spec. 5. p. 96. t. 438.
Barcelona Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
leaves linear, somewhat cordate at the base, on very short foot-
92 C. COMÒSA (Jacq. amer. t. 160.) leaves lanceolate, stalked ; stalks ; upper surface smooth, under surface somewhat pubes-
upper surface smooth, under surface grey-woolly; peduncles cent; peduncles corymbose, and are velvety, as well as the branch-
,
h.s.
Oo 2

284
CAPPARIDEÆ. XV. CAPPARIS.
a
-
.
h.s.
lets. H. S. Native between Mexico and Acapulco. Branchlets Var. B, uniflora (D. C. prod. 1. p. 252.) C. siliquosa, Lin.
sulcately-angular. Bud of flower ovate, woolly. Flowers white. spec. 721. exclusive of the synonyms. This variety has a shorter
Narrow-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
fruit stalk and very acute leaves, the upper surface is glitter-
101 C. FERRUGI'NEA (Lin. amoen. 5. p. 398.) leaves lanceo- ing, and the lower surface is covered with ferrugineous and
late, acuminate, stalked, upper surface smooth, under surface silvery scales or dots.
covered with rusty hard scaly-like hairs ; branchlets downy; pe- Breynius's Caper-tree. Fl.? Clt. 1752. Shrub 12 feet.
tioles rusty; peduncles axillary, corymbosely-racemose at the top. 108 C. JAMAICE'NSIS (Jacq. amer. t. 101.) leaves oblong,
h. S. Native of Jamaica in bushy places by the sea-side, as emarginate, leathery, upper surface glabrous, under surface and
well as in St. Domingo.--Browne, jam. t. 28. f. 1. C. octándra, branches covered with grey tomentum ; peduncles few-flowered;
Jacq. amer. t. 100. Flowers white, scentless, fragrant or fetid, stamens 20. n. S. Native of Jamaica. Fruit like those of C.
according to various authors. The plant is strongly impregnated Bréynia, and probably only a variety of it. Flowers yellowish-
with an acrid volatile salt, like the mustard tribe ; and hence in white, fragrant.
Jamaica it has obtained the name of the Mustard Shrub. (Br.jam.) Jamaica Caper-tree. Clt. 1793. Shrub 6 feet.
Rusty Caper-tree. Clt. ? Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
109 C. TORULÒSA (Swz. A. ind. occ. 2. p. 932.) leaves ovate-
102 C. INCA'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 94.) leaves lanceolate, leathery, stalked, upper surface glabrous, under sur-
ovate-oblong, very much pointed, and are as well as the branchlets face scaly, as well as the branches; peduncles few-flowered,
covered with appressed velvety wool; racemes few-flowered, racemosely-corymbose ; stamens 28 ; siliques very long.
somewhat shorter than the leaves. ħ. S. Native of South Native of the mountains of Jamaica and Barbadoes in bushy
America between Mescala and Estola. Petals white, downy on places. Flowers white.—Brown, jam. p. 246-2.
the outside. Filaments of stamens very short. Fruit ovate, Torulose-siliqued Caper-tree. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet.
hoary, tomentose.
110 C. INTERMEDIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 98.)
5
Hoary Caper-tree. Tree 30 feet.
leaves ovate-lanceolate, leathery, stalked, upper surface gla-
103 C. CORDA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 432. f. b. ined. brous, under surface, as well as branchlets, scaly ; peduncles
D. C. prod. 1. p. 251.) leaves cordate, roundish, woolly on both few-flowered, racemosely-corymbose at the top; siliques terete,
surfaces with stellate down; peduncles racemose, few-flowered ;
stalk of fruit short and thick. h. S. Native of Cumana, where
berry somewhat globose, few-seeded. h. S. Native of Guaya-X it is called Olivé. Flowers white.
quil. Flowers white.
.
Intermediate Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet.
Cordate-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
111 C. COMMUTA'TA (Spreng. new. entd. 3. p. 57.) leaves
oblong-lanceolate, glabrous; peduncles racemose, elongated,
Sect. VI. QUADRE’LLA (from quadratus, square ; form of naked ; stamens shorter than the corolla. n. S. Native of
flower-bud) D. C. prod. 1. p. 251. Flower-bud somewhat Guadaloupe and Martinico. Habit of C. Bréynia. Flowers
quadrate, with the sepals valvate in the bud, with their margins
white ?
somewhat revolute, and hence the sutures are rather prominent. Changed Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
Siliques dehiscent. Stalk of fruit elongated. Unarmed species
from America, velvety or covered with scales. Peduncles ax-
of Capparides ; uncertain to which of the sections they belong.
illary, many-flowered.
104 C. CROTONOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec.
* Species natives of the old world.
5.
P.
95. t.
437.) leaves cordate-roundish, stalked, upper surface villous, 112 C. MITHRIDA'TICA (Forsk. descr. 99.) leaves linear-lan-
under surface downy, as well as the branches; racemes angular, ceolate, blunt, glabrous, pendulous, stalked. N.G. Native of
terminal, few-flowered; stamens 8 ; fruit globose. h.s. Na- Arabia about Surdub. Perhaps a species of Capparis.
tive in hot places by the river Magdalena. Flowers yellow. Mithridate Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Croton-like Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
N.B. Capparis Dàhim of the same author is omitted, because
105 C. FURFURA'CEA (Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb. D. C. it is evident from his description that it is a species of Zygo-
prod. 1. p. 252.) leaves elliptical-oblong, blunt, stalked, upper phyllum or Cæsalpinia.
surface glabrous, under surface, as well as branches and foot-
stalks velvety ; racemes terminal, angular, many-flowered ;
** Unarmed species from America.
stamens 12, hispid at the base. h. S. Native of Mexico. 113 C. NI'TIDA (Ruiz, et Pav. ined. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p.
Flowers white.
252.) leaves oblong, acuminated, shining, glabrous, stalked ; pe-
Scurfy Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet. .
duncles axillary, 1-flowered; fruit oval. h.S. Native of the
106 Č. SIDÆFÒLIA (Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb. D. C. prod. Andes of Peru in groves. Flowers yellow.
1. p. 252.) leaves ovate, cordate at the base, stalked, upper sur- Shining-leaved Caper-tree. Tree 30 feet.
face in the adult leaves glabrous, under surface velvety with 114 C. FRUTICÒSa (Mill. dict. no. 7.) leaves lanceolate, acute,
starry down, as well as the branches ; racemes terminal, shorter leathery, on short footstalks ; flowers axillary, on short pedicels.
than the leaves, somewhat corymbose. h.s. Native of Peru. h. S. Native of South America near Tolu. Petals white;
Stamens and fruit unknown.
anthers purple ; filaments white.
Sida-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Shrubby Caper-tree. Shrub 14 feet.
107 C. Bre'YNIA (Lin. spec. 721. Jacq. amer. t. 103. pict. t. 115 C. AVICENNIÆFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p.
152.) leaves elliptical, leathery, stalked, upper surface gla- 94.) leaves elliptical, blunt at both ends, on very short foot-
brous, under surface scaly, as well as the branchlets; peduncles stalks, upper surface glabrous, under surface as well as younger
angular, racemosely-corymbose ; stamens 16; siliques very leaves canescent; racemes shorter than the leaves; calyx cam-
long.. h.S. Native of the West India islands and the South panulate, 4-lobed; stamens scarcely exceeding the petals in
American continent towards the sea in dry coppices. Bréynia Iength ; fruit globose. ħ.s. Native of South America in the
Indica and C. cynophallophora, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p.503.-—Breyn. sand on the shores of the Pacific ocean and about Guayaquil.
icon. 13. Leaves covered beneath with a mixture of small sil- Flowers white.
very and rust-coloured dots or scales. Petals white, tinged with Avicennia-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 12 feet.
purple; anthers yellow. Flowers about the size ef a myrtle. 116 C. LONGIFOLIA (Swz. prod. 81.) leaves linear, acuminate,

CAPPARIDEÆ. XV. CAPPARIS. XVI. STEPHANIA. XVII. MORISONIA. XVIII. Tovaria.
285
a 6
d
5.
p. 92.)
on short footstalks, upper surface glabrous, under surface as 1 S. CLEOMOIDES (Willd. 1. c.)
FIG. 54.
well as branchlets covered with mealy scales. h. S. Native of leaves oblong-lanceolate, much acu-
Jamaica and Barbadoes.-Pluk. phyt. t. 327. f. 6. Flowers minated, scarcely longer than the
white. Perhaps belonging to section Quadrélla.
footstalks. h.s. Native of Ca-
Long-leaved Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
raccas in South America. Cáp-
117°C. DOMINGE'NSIS (Spreng. in herb. Balb. D. C. prod. 1. . paris paradoxa, Jacq. schønb. t.
,
p. 253.) leaves oblong, on short footstalks, upper surface gla- 111. Flowers with a reddish-
brous, under surface as well as branchlets tomentosely-velvety; brown calyx, and yellow petals and
peduncles corymbose, few-flowered; fruit ovate, velvety ; stalk stamens.
of fruit velvety.
vety. h.S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers un- Cleome-like Stephania. Fl. April,
known. Perhaps a species of Breynióstrum or Quadrélla ? July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet.
St. Domingo Caper-tree. Shrub 10 feet.
2 S. ELLIPTICA (D. C. prod. 1.
118 C. LAURI'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 93.) leaves p. 253.) leaves elliptical, scarcely
oblong, blunt at both ends, stalked, leathery, glabrous; racemes acuminated, double the length of
terminal ; fruit globose, pendulous. h. s. Native of Peru the footstalks. h.S. Native of
near Guancabamba. Flowers violet-coloured.
the island of Trinidad. Fruit of
Laurel-like Caper-tree. Tree 30 feet.
both species unknown. Flowers
119 C. ANGULA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. 5. per. t. 431. D. C. yellowish ?
prod. 1. p. 253.) leaves ovate-oblong, mucronate, stalked, Elliptical-leaved Stephania. Shrub 6 feet.
upper surface shining, under surface as well as branches velvety Cult. These plants thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat,
from 10-rayed hairs; peduncles terminal, corymbosely racemose; and sand. Cuttings should be taken from young wood, planted
fruit ovate, angular. ħ. S. Native of Guayaquil. Fila- in a pot of sand, and plunged in heat under a hand-glass. They
ments somewhat monadelphous at the base. Flowers white. are worth cultivating for the beauty of their flowers.
Angular-fruited Caper-tree. Tree 10 feet.
120 C. VIRIDIFLORA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. spec.
XVII. MORISO'NIA (to the memory of Robert Morison,
leaves oval-oblong, cordate, mucronulate, on long footstalks,
a Scotchman, once director of the Royal Garden at Blois, after-
upper surface glabrous, under surface as well as branchlets
wards Professor of Botany at Oxford, author of Plantarum His-
pubescent; racemes terminal, angular ; sepals obovate, very
toria Universalis Oxoniensis, 1680, 2 vol. fol. He died 1683.)
short. . S. Native near Cumana in shady places. Flowers
Plum. gen. t. 23. D. C. prod. 1. p. 254.
greenish. Silique linear.
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx obovate, bifid.
Petals 4. Torus small. Stamens 20, somewhat monadelphous
Green-flowered Caper-tree. Tree 20 feet?
121 C. CONFE'RTA (Mill. dict. no. 8. exclusive of the syno-
at the base ? Berry stipitate, globose. A tree with glabrous
nyms) leaves elliptical, both ends acuminated, glabrous, on long
stalked alternate simple leaves, and dirty-white flowers.
footstalks ; racemes terminal, velvety ; pedicels compressed,
1 M. AMERICA'NA (Lin. spec. 719. Jacq. amer. t. 97.) K.S.
shorter than the fruit-stalk. n. S. Native of Carthagena.
Native of the West India islands, as well as the South American
Flowers white. Fruit oval.
continent. Cápparis Morisònia, Swartz, obs. 272. This tree is
Crowded-flowered Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
called in Martinique Bois Mabouia.
American Morisonia.
122 C. PELTA'TA ; leaves coriaceous, at first round and peltate
Clt. 1824. Tree 15 feet.
at the base, but at length becoming broad, cordate, and acumin-
Cult. This tree requires the same treatment as the species of
ated, beset with mealy scales while young, as well as the young
Stephània, which see above.
branches. h.s. Native of Caraccas by the sea-side.
XVIII. TOVA'RIA (in honour of Simon Tovario, a Spanish
Peltate-leaved Caper-tree. Clt. 1824. Tree 15 feet? physician.) Ruiz, et Pav. A. per. 3. p. 73. t. 309. in herb. Lamb.
Species doubtful whether they belong to Capparis.
and D. Don, in Edinb. new phil. journ. oct. 1828.
LIN. syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 8 sepals, rarely
123 C.? CANTONE'NSIS (Lour. Al. coch. ed. Willd. 1. p. 404.)
6-7 or 9, spreading, deciduous. Petals the same number, in-
stipulas spinose ; leaves ovate, acuminate, glabrous, wrinkled ;
serted in an elevated fleshy tubercled disk. Stamens the same
peduncles racemose ; flowers 5-petalled. h. G. Native of
number, also inserted in the disk; filaments awl-shaped, pilose at
China near Canton. Flowers white. Fruit ovate.
the base ; anthers bursting inwards. Ovary 1-celled, spherical,
Canton Caper-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
seated on the disk. Style short, thick, crowned by an 8-lobed
124 C. Bre'vis (Spreng. from Fisch. cat. hort. gorenki, 1808.
stigma. Berry succulent, 8-nerved, many-seeded. A smooth
p. 85.) ovary sessile. n. S. Native of?
green annual erect branched herb, with ternate leaves and many-
Short-fruited Caper-tree. Shrub?
flowered terminal pendulous racemes. Flowers white, small.
Cult. All the species of Capparis thrive well in a mixture
The berry when mature is about the size of a cherry. The plant
of loam and peat. Cuttings should be taken from young wood,
and these will root freely if planted in a pot of sand and placed
has the habit of Cleòme, but with the fruit of the form and struc-
under a hand-glass; those of the stove species should be placed
ture of Morisònia and Cratæ'va. The structure of the stigma
in a good heat. The Capparis herbàcea is only to be increased
shews its affinity to Papaverácea, and the structure of its seeds
by seeds, but cuttings of this may also be tried.
accords precisely with Resèda.
1 T. PE’NDULA (Ruiz. et Pav. I. c. and syst. 1. p. 85. gen. p.
XVI. STEPHA'NIA (in honour of Fred. Stephan, once a 49. t. 8. Pav. in act. acad. madr. 1. p. 192.) O.S. Native of
professor at Moscow, died 1817, author of Enumeratio stirpium Peru in groves between Chinchao and Pati.
agri Mosquensis, &c.) Willd. spec. 2. p. 239. but not of Lour. Pendulous-racemed Tovaria. Fl. Aug. Sep. Pl. 6 feet.
LIN. syst. Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate, 2- Cult. The seeds of this plant should be sown in a pot in
lobed, (f. 54. a.). Petals 4 (f. 54. b.). Torus small (f. 54. c.). spring, and placed in a hot-bed frame, and when the plants are
Stamens 6 (f. 54. d.). Ovary stipitate (f. 54. e.) oblong. All about three inches high, they should be planted separately in
unarmed shrubs, with simple leaves on long footstalks, and ter- small pots, and then placed again in the hot-bed ; they should
minal racemes of flowers.
afterwards be shifted into larger pots from time to time as they

286
CAPPARIDEÆ. XIX. THYLACHIUM. XX. HERMUPOA. XXI. MÆRUA. XXII. ARSIS. RESEDACEÆ.
grow. About the end of June they should be removed into the base. Silique fleshy, stipitate. Unarmed, downy shrubs, with
green-house, where they will flower and seed. A few plants may simple coriaceous leaves, furnished with setaceous stipulas.
be planted out into a sheltered situation in the open border, in 1 M. UNIFLO'RA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 36.) pedicels axillary,
order to ascertain whether the plant will grow in the open
air. solitary, 1-flowered ; petaloid crown filamentosely jagged ; leaves
veinless. h.s. Native of Arabia Felix at Yemen. M. crassi-
XIX. THYLA'CHIUM (from Ovlaktov, thulakion, a sack or,
folia, Forsk. 1.c. Flowers with white filaments and yellow anthers.
follicle ; in allusion to the form of the calyx.) Lour. coch. 1. p. One-flowered Mærua. Shrub 4 feet.
342. D. C. prod. 1. p. 254.
2 M. ANGOLE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 254.) pedicels axillary,
LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx follicular, at
solitary, 1-flowered ; petaloid crown 4-lobed, with deeply-jagged
length cut round at the base. Petals none. Stamens indefinite,
lobes ; leaves in the middle 1-nerved. ħ.S. Native of An-
seated on a short receptacle. Berry oblong, 1-seeded, stipitate. gola. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from M. uniflòra.
Unarmed shrubs, with variable leaves. Peduncles few or many-
Angola Mærua. Shrub 6 feet?
flowered, terminal.
3 M. RACEMÒSA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 36.) racemes terminal,
1 T. LU CIDUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 254.) leaves entire, ellip- drooping ; petaloid crown entire. hi G. Native of Arabia.
tical, acutish, glabrous; branchlets and footstalks velvety ; berry
Racemose-flowered Mærua. Shrub 6 feet ?
ovate-globose. h. G. Native of Booby Island, lying between
4 M. RÍGIDA (R. Br. in append. to Clapp. and Denh, trav.)
New Holland and New Guinea. Cápparis lúcida, Banks, corymbs terminal, few-flowered ; leaves obovate, thick, rigid,
herb. Flowers with copper-coloured stamens and anthers.
downy, veinless; petaloid crown, many-parted. Þ.G. Native
h
Shining-leaved Thylachium. Shrub 10 feet.
of the north of Africa, at Aghedem.
2 T. AFRICA'NUM (Lour. l. c.) leaves entire, ovate, mucro-
Rigid-leaved Mærua. Shrub 4 feet.
nulate, and are, as well as the branches, glabrous; berry oblong.
5 M. SENEGALE'NSIS (R. Br. ined.) corymbs terminal, scarcely
ş. S. Native of the eastern coast of Africa. T. ovalifolium, pubescent; leaves ovate or obovate, distinctly veined ; petaloid
,
Juss. ann. 12. p. 71. Flowers with copper-coloured stamens and crown many-parted. ħ.S. Native of Senegal.
anthers.
Senegal Mærua. Shrub.
Cult. These shrubs will no doubt thrive well in a mixt of
African Thylachium. Shrub 10 feet.
3 T. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Juss. ann. 12. p. 71.) leaves glabrous,
loam and peat, and cuttings taken from young wood will strike
some of which are simple, others trifoliate. ñ.S.
Đ.S. Native of root if planted in a pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass, in a
Madagascar. Capparis panduriformis, Pet. Th. obs. afr. aust. p.
moderate heat.
26. Flowers with brownish stamens.
Variable-leaved Thylachium. Shrub 8 feet.
XXII. A'RSIS (from apois, arsis, elevation ; because of the
4 T. PANDURIFO'RME (Juss. ann. 12. p. 71.) leaves glabrous, fruit being seated on a long pedicel within the calyx.) Lour. fl.
some of which are simple, fiddle-shaped, others are trifoliate. coch. p. 335.
Native of the Mauritius. Cápparis panduriformis, LIN. Syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5-coloured
Lam. dict. 1. p. 609. Flowers with brownish stamens.
deciduous sepals. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, seated on an
Fiddle-shaped-leaved Thylachium. Shrub 10 feet.
elongated receptacle ; anthers 4-celled. Berry stipitate, 1-seeded.
5 T. ? OPPOSITIFLORUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 254.) leaves gla- A small branched shrub, with ovate-lanceolate, wrinkled, quite
brous, ovate-lanceolate, somewhat cordate at the base, entire ; entire leaves, and terminal racemes of small white flowers.
pedicels 1-flowered, opposite the leaves. h.S. Native of the 1 A. RUGO'SA (Lour. 1. c.) h. G. Native of Cochin-
West Indies.
china.
Opposite-flowered Thylachium. Shrub 8 feet.
.
Wrinkled-leaved Arsis. Shrub 5 feet.
Cult. No species of this genus has as yet been introduced Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this shrub well,
into European gardens, but should they be, we would advise and cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of sand, placed
that they should be treated in the same manner as the
genus
under a hand-glass.
Stephània, which see, p. 285.
ORDER XVI. RESEDACEÆ (plant agreeing with Resèda
XX. HERMU'POA (native name of the plant.) Lofl.
itin. 307. D. C. prod. 1. p. 254.
in some important characters). D. C.
LIN. SYST.
Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx double, exterior Calyx of 4-5-6 permanent segments, which are slightly
one tubular, interior one 4-sepalled, small. Petals 4, linear.
open in the bud, or rotate 5-toothed, as in Ochradènus, Petals
Stamens 6, very long. Berry oblong, cylindrical. Allied to C.
open in æstivation, equal in number with the segments or teeth
Bréynia, from Loefl. Perhaps the interior calyx should be termed
of the calyx, and alternating with them, usually fringed or
a nectary.
1 H. L&FLINGIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 254.) K.S. Na-
cleft, furnished with broad claws, and inserted at the base of
tive of South America. Flower scarlet. |
the elevated, dilated disk. Stamens definite, 2 or 3 for each
Loefling's Hermupoa-tree. Tree 20 feet?
petal, inserted in the disk; they are rather connate at the
Cult. This plant has not yet been introduced, therefore the
base. Anthers 2-celled, at first erect, at length incumbent,
mode of cultivating and propagating it is not known; but we
would recommend its being treated in the same manner as Ste-
and sometimes as if they were bursting outwardly; cells
phània. See p. 285.
parallel, 2-valved, free at the base, the rest connate, open-
ing by a longitudinal suture; the outer valve is largest.
XXI. MÆRUA (Meru is the Arabic name of M. uniflora.) Ovary trigonal, or tetragonal, pedicelled, with the pedicel
Forsk. ægyp. 104. D. C. prod. 1. p. 254.
.
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular, 4-part-
closely fenced by the connate base of the filaments. Style
ed, valvate in the bud ; throat crowned with petaloid scales.
none. Stigma 3-4-lobed, with the lobes equal in number to
Petals none.
Torus elongated. Stamens indefinite, seated the angles of the capsule, and alternating with them, spreading,
on the top of the receptacle, somewhat monadelphous at the 2-valved; valves connivent, truncate, and papillosely-hispid at
h. S.

RESEDACEÆ. I. RESEDA.
287
the top. Capsules (berry in Ochradènus) trigonal or tetragonal, 1 R. SESAMOÌDes (Lin. spec. 644.) leaves lanceolate, entire, ob-
membranous, inflated, open at the top, with the seminiferous tuse, smooth ; petals 5; capsule furnished with 4 reflexed horns.
2. H. Native of the south of France, Spain, and Portugal,
nerves equal in number with the stigmas; these are perpendicular
on walls and among rubbish. Flowers small, white, in long
and parietal. Seeds simple, cochleated, sessile, pendulous, white
racemes. Stems prostrate. Calyx reflexed, 3 of the segments
or yellow, disposed in an alternate double series, but they
pointed upwards, and 2 downwards.
are sometimes scattered from abortion ; umbilicus small, ob- Sesamum-like Mignonette. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1787. Pl.
lique, with the upper side approximating the recess of the
1 foot long
2 R. PURPURA'SCENS (Lin. spec. 644.) leaves linear, obtuse ;
radicle; outer coat of seed crustaceous, ornamented with minute
flowers pentagynous.
4. H. Native of the south of Europe,
dots, disposed in elevated lines; inner coat membranous, dia-
particularly about Montpelier. Stem purplish. Leaves like
phanous. Albumen none. Embryo curved, conforming to fax. Flowers of greenish-purple colour, in long spikes.
the cavity of the seed, terete, yellowish, rather narrowed towards Purplish Mignonette. FI. Ju. July. Pl. į foot.
the base, with semi-cylindrical cotyledons, and with a supe-
3 R. LINIFOLIA (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 501.) leaves linear-
awl-shaped, channelled ; capsules 3-toothed. O. H. Native of
rior cylindrical thick radicle, which is very blunt at the base,
the south of Europe and Egypt. R. subulata Delile. ill. p. 15.
and equal in length with the cotyledons, and opposite the umbi-
Flax-leaved Mignonette. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1819. Pl.
licus. This order agrees with Ranunculàcer, especially with 1 foot.
Delphinium, in the complicated stigma, and structure of the 4 R. GLAU'CA (Lin. spec. 644.) leaves linear, glaucous, toothed
at the base ; flowers tetragynous.
ovary, as well as in the seminiferous placentas. It is also allied
4. H. Native of Spain and
Egypt.--Mor. oxon. 3. p. 601. sect. 15. t. 6. f. 4. Flowers
to Capparideæ and Tropæòleæ, in the petals being unguiculate,
pale yellow, disposed in long spikes. Pinnula of leaves not
as well as in the seed being destitute of albumen. The Cappa-
changed into scarious teeth. (Link.)
rideæ, Resedàcea, Crucíferæ, Papaveràceæ, and Tropæòleæ, ap- Glaucous Mignonette. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1748. Pl. 1 ft.
pear to constitute a grand natural class ; and near to them, but
5 R. DIPEʼTALA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 132.) leaves
at different points, must be arranged the Ranunculàceæ, Poly-
linear, quite entire, acute; flowers tetragynous, 2-petalled ; pe-
tals undivided. f. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
gàleæ, and Balsamineæ, an arrangement which the many
analo-
R. Capensis, Burm. prod. cap. 13. Habit of R. sesamoides.
gies and affinities existing between these families appear to Stem suffruticose, erect, branched ; branches round, smooth.
justify.
Flowers white, remote, in terminal racemes. Segments of calyx
Most of the species of Resèda are rather ornamental; and
6, minute, with white margins. Petals cuneated, quite entire.
R. odorata is cultivated extensively for the fragrance of its blos-
Capsule globose.
Two-petalled Mignonette. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1774. Pl. 14 foot
soms. All the species are herbaceous, or slightly suffruticose.
6 R. SCOPA'RIA (Brouss. in Willd. enum. 499.) leaves linear,
The leaves are simple, trifid, or pinnate ; and the flowers, which quite entire, smoothish; stem shrubby ; branches twiggy; cap-
are either yellow or white, are small, disposed in dense or loose sules clavate, 3-toothed. Þ.G. Native of Teneriffe. Flowers
terminal racemes. The seeds are kidney-shaped, and retain
yellow. This species comes very near R. glaúca. Capsule ta-
their vegetating power a considerable time, therefore they are
pering to the base.
Broom Mignonette. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1815. Shr. 1 foot.
easily introduced, in a living state, from one part of the world 7 R. CANE'SCENS (Lin. syst. 448.) leaves lanceolate, entire,
to another.
wavy, pilose; branches hairy; capsules 6-toothed.
This Order differs from Cruciferæ in the capsules being uni- Native of Egypt. R. hexágyna, Forsk. descr. 92. Stem erect.
locular, in the stamens being indefinite, in the seeds being desti-
Leaves with a pilose keel, and rather ciliated margins. 'Flowers
tute of an umbilical cord, as well as in the capsules being bladdery
in racemes, with white petals and yellow anthers. Clus. hist. 1.
p. 296. t. 295. It appears from the description in Lin. spec.
and open at the top. It differs in these two last characters from
644. that Linnæus intended a very different plant from that
all the neighbouring orders, except Datisceæ. .
which he describes in his systema, as well as in his reference
to Clusius.
Synopsis of the Genera.
Canescent Mignonette. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1597. Pl. 1 foot.
1 REsE'DA. Calyx of 4-5-6 narrow segments. Petals 4-5-6
8 R. LUTEOLA (Lin. spec. 643.) leaves lanceolate, entire,
but furnished with a tooth on each side, at the base ; calyx
cloven. Capsule bladdery, 3-4 horned, many-seeded.
4-cleft, upper petal quinquefid, lateral ones trifid, lower one
2 OCHRADE'NUS. Calyx rotate, 5-toothed, replete with an bifid or simple. O. H. Native of Europe in pastures, fallow-
annular gland. Petals wanting. Berry many-seeded.
fields, waste-places, and on dry banks and walls. Smith, eng.
bot. t. 321. Jacq. aust. 4. t. 352. Flowers yellow, trigy-
I. RESE'DA (from resedo, to calm, to appease; the Latins nous, in long spikes which are nodding at the top. It is an
thought it useful as a topical application in external bruises.) observation of Li
observation of Linnæus, that the nodding spike of the flower
Lin. gen. ed. Schrob. no. 831. Willd. spec. 2. p. 876.
follows the course of the sun, even when the sky is covered ;
Lin. syst. Octo-Polyandria. Tri-Tetragynia. Calyx di-
LINSYST
pointing towards the east in the morning, to the south at
vided almost to the base into 4-5-6 narrow segments. Petals noon, westward in the afternoon, and north at night. Dyers
cleft, equal in number with the segments of the calyx. Capsule formerly made considerable use of this plant ; for it affords a
bladdery, with a hole at the top when ripe. Herbaceous or most beautiful yellow dye for cotton, woollen, silk, and linen.
slightly shrubby plants.
Blue cloths are dipped in a decoction of it in order to become
green. The yellow colour of the paint called Dutch-pink is
§ 1. Leaves simple, entire. Petals trifid and quinquifid. Torus obtained from this plant. The entire plant when it is about
much dilated on one side.
flowering is pulled up for the use of the dyers, who employ it
4. H.

288
RESEDACEÆ. I. RESEDA.
an acre.
other crops.
both fresh and dried. In various authors the plant has the horned. Both leaves and stems are seabrous; the uppermost
names of Dyers'-weed, Yellow-weed, Weld, Woud, Woold, and cauline leaves trifid.
Wild Woad. The seeds are usually sown after barley is taken Mediterranean Mignonette. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1791. Pl.
off the ground in autumn, or it is very commonly sown with bar- 1 foot.
ley in the spring, but the first mode is the best, because the 14 R. ODORA'TA (Lin. spec. 646.) leaves lanceolate, bluntish,
plants make some progress the first year, and in the following entire or trifid ; calyx 6-parted, equal in length to the petals,
season they will be twice the size of those sown in spring which are finely cleft into many club-shaped divisions; the two
.
After the ground has been well ploughed and harrowed the seeds lowest simple ; capsules 3-toothed. O. H. Native of the
should be sown broad-cast, of which one gallon is sufficient for north of Africa, Egypt, &c. Mill. fig. t. 217. Curt. bot. mag.
Unless the ground is very poor it will not require any t. 29. Plant diffuse, with a few hairs on the stems. Flowers
dung. The best crops, however, will be the result of drilling with yellowish-white petals and saffron anthers, disposed in loose
and cultivating the crop alone. The drills may be a foot apart, racemes. The two upper petals and the two lateral ones are finely
and the plants 6 inches distance, in the rows. The plants should fringed, the two lower ones are very narrow. The luxury of the
be kept clear of weeds by hoeing. When seeds are required a pleasure garden, says Curtis, is greatly heightened by the de-
small portion should be left standing for this purpose, and the lightful odour which this plant diffuses; and as it grows more
plants should be pulled as the seeds ripen. The whole crop readily in pots, its fragrance can be conveyed into the house.
may be cleared off before the time of sowing wheat, which is the Var. B, frutéscens (Ker. bot. reg. 227.) this plant does not
best crop to follow Dyers'-woold. The crop is taken by pulling appear to differ from the common Mignonette, unless that the
the entire plant ; some pull it when in flower, others pull it ear- stems are shrubby, but it is known that if the common Migno-
lier, but the last appears to be the best. In the execution of the nette were kept as a green-house plant, and trained up in the
work, the plants are drawn up by the roots in small handfuls, and same way, it would also become shrubby.
set up to dry, after being tied with one of the stalks ; sometimes, The Mignonette is a well known and universal favorite.
however, they become sufficiently dry without being set up, by The flowers are highly odoriferous, and there are very few to
turning. These, after they have been completely dried, are tied whom this odour is offensive. The plant in pots is in great
up into bundles and sold by the name of Weld-cord. The de- demand in London for rooms and placing in balconies, and forms
mand for it is sometimes very little, while at others it is so great for these purposes an extensive article of culture among florists
as to raise the price to a high degree. The herb is sometimes and market-gardeners. The seeds are either sown in pots, or
gathered green and treated like Woad or Indigo, but in general transplanted into pots, 4 or 6 plants to a pot 4 inches in diame-
the dried herb is used by the dyers in a state of decoction. The ter. “ To obtain plants for flowering from December to Febru-
chief disease of Weld is the mildew, to which it is very liable ary, a sowing should be made in July, in the open ground, and
when young, and this is one reason that it is often sown with the plants potted in September. The crop for March, April, and
May, should be sown in pots not later than the 25th of August ;
Dyers'-Weed. Fl. Jun. Aug. Britain. Pl. 1 to 3 feet. the plants from this sowing will not suffer from exposure to rain
9 R. CRISPA'TA (Link. enum. 2. p. 8.) leaves lanceolate, en- whilst they are young ; they must, however, be protected from
tire, waved, with 2-glands at the base. 0. H. Native of early frosts, like the winter-crop ; they are to be thinned in
Spain. R. lanceolata, Lag. Flowers yellow, similar to those of November, leaving not more than 8 or 10 plants in a pot; and
R. Lutèola.
at the same time the pots should be sunk 3 or 4 inches in some
Curled-leaved Dyers'-Weed. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. old tan or coal-ashes, and should be covered with a frame, which
10 R. VIRE'SCENS (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 501.) leaves li- it is best to place fronting the west, for then the lights may be
near-lanceolate, smooth, quite entire; capsules 4-toothed. O. left open in the evening, to catch the sun whenever it sets clear.
H. Native of Spain. Flowers greenish-yellow, in long slender The third, or spring-crop, should be sown in pots, not later than
spikes.
the 25th of February. These must be placed in a frame, on
Greenish Dyers- Weed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot. a gentle heat; and as the heat declines, the pots must be let
11 R. CHINE'NSIS (Lour. fl. cochin. p. 299.) leaves broad- down three or four inches into the dung-bed, which will keep
lanceolate, quite entire, smooth, calyx 5-parted; capsules 3- the roots moist, and prevent their leaves turning brown, from
toothed. O. H. Native of the south of China, in the suburbs the heat of the sun in April and May. The plants thus ob-
of Canton. Flowers yellow, in spikes. This species and the tained will be in perfection by the end of May, and be ready to
following is very like the R. Lutèola, and like it affords a yellow succeed those raised by the autumnal sowing. (Rishon. hort.
dye.
trans. 2. p. 375.)
Chinese Dyers’-Weed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 foot. The Tree-Mignonette should be propagated from seeds sown
12 R. COCHIN-CHINE'NSIS (Lour. fl. cochin. p. 299.) leaves in spring ; it may also be increased by cuttings, which strike root
broad-lanceolate, 5-nerved, quite entire ; calyx 5-parted ; cap-
5-parted; cap- readily.
readily. The young plants should be potted singly into small
sules 3-toothed. O. H. Native of Cochin-china. Flowers pots, and brought forward by heat on a gentle hot-bed, but they
trigynous, yellowish, in spikes. Petals jagged. Plant slender. .
grow
well without artificial heat. As they advance they
Cochin-china Dyers'-Weed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Pl. 1 foot.
should be tied to a stick, taking care to prevent the growth of
smaller side shoots by pinching them off, but allowing the leaves
§. 2. Leaves entire and trifid on the same plant. Segments of of the main stem to remain on for a time. When they have at-
the petals inserted on the back of the claws. Torus much dilated
tained the height of ten inches, or more, according to the fancy
on one side.
of the cultivator, the shoots must be suffered to extend them-
selves from the top, but must be occasionally stopped at the
13 R. MEDITERRA'NEA (Lin. syst. 448.) leaves lanceolate, ends, to force them to form a bushy head, which by the autumn
entire, and trifid ; calyx 6-parted, larger than the petals. O.H. will be eight or nine inches in diameter, and covered with
Native of the north of Africa, Palestine, &c. Jacq. icon. rar. t. bloom. Whilst the plants are attaining the proper size, they
475. Lindl. coll. t. 22. R. tetrágyna, Forsk. descr. 90. Flowers should be shifted progressively into larger pots, and may be ulti-
with white petals, the 2 superior ones are 3-parted, the two la- mately left in those of about six inches in diameter at the top.
teral ones 2-parted; the two lowest ones linear. Capsules 3- (Sabine, hort, trans. 3. p. 181)
.
a
99
will
-

RESEDACEÆ. I. RESEDA. II. OCHRADENUS.
289
many others.
.
-
Sweet-scented Mignonette. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1752 or 1739. gins ; racemes slender, spicate; calyx 5-parted; petals trifid;
Pl. diffuse.
capsules 3-4-horned. f. H. Native of Spain and Italy, and
15 R. PHYTEU'MA (Lin. spec. 645.) leaves lanceolate, spatu- other parts of the south of Europe.—Barrel. icon. rar. 78. t. 588.
late, upper ones sometimes a little divided ; calyx 5-parted, The leaves of this plant are sometimes interruptedly pinnatė, the
spatulate, ciliated, much longer than the petals. O. H. Na- intermediate leaflets much smaller than the others, and of a dif-
tive of France, Austria, Italy, Switzerland, and the Levant. ferent form and more upright. The flowers are said to have 3-
Jacq. aust. 2; t. 132. Plant decumbent, scabrous from short
2.
4-5 styles; the petals are white and the anthers are yellow.
bristles. Flowers with white petals, which are very finely Capsules large.
fringed, and yellow anthers. Capsules 3-toothed.
Waved-leaved Mignonette. Fl. May, Sep. Clt. 1739. Pl. 2 ft.
Phyteuma Mignonette. Fl. May, Sept. Cl. 1752. Pl. decumb. 23 R. PROPINQUA (R. Br. in append. to Clapp. and Denh.
16 R. RAMOSI'SSIMA (Pour. in Willd. enum. p. 499.) leaves trav.) this species comes near to R. undàta. It is remarkable
linear, undivided, sometimes trifid ; stem erect, much branched; in having the claws of all the petals simple; that is, neither
calyx 6-parted ; capsules obovate, 3-toothed. 4. H. Native dilated or thickened, nor having any process or appendage at the
of Spain. R. récta, Lag. Flowers with white petals, which point or union, with a trifid lamina, into which they gradually
are variously jagged, and yellow anthers.
pass. (R. Br. 1. c.) O ? H. Native near Tripoli and between
O
Much-branched Mignonette. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. 2 ft. Tripoli and Mourzuk. Dr. Oudney. The remarkable structure
of the petals we think will be found in R. álba, undàta, and
§ 3. Leaves all trifid. Petals usually bifid or trifid, when the
last is the case the middle segment is very narrow, the lateral ones
Related Mignonette. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
always falcate. Torus much dilated on one side.
24 R. A'LBA (Lin. spec. 645.) leaves all pinnatifid ; segments lan-
17 R. SAXA'TILIS (Pour. in Willd. enum. p. 500.) leaves all ceolate, smooth, rarely waved; racemes dense; calyx 5-6-parted ;
trifid ; segments linear, but those of the lower leaves are lan- petals S-lobed; capsules 4-horned. $.H. Native of the south
ceolate and wavy; stem simple; calyx 6-parted; flowers pen- of Europe and north of Africa. R. fruticulòsa, Jacq. icon. rar.
dulous ; capsules erect, clavated, 3-toothed ? 3. H. Native 3. t. 474. The leaves are sometimes interruptedly pinnate, with
of Spain. R. strícta, Pers. ench. 2. p. 10. Petals white, very · the intermediate ones smallest. Flowers in dense spikes, with
finely fringed or trifid ? Stem erect.
white petals and brownish anthers.-Lob. icon. 222. In the
Rock Mignonette. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 foot. Fl. græc. R. álba is figured with quinquefid petals; we doubt
18 R. PRUINÒSA (Delile, ill. ægypt. 15.) hispid and pruinose; the correctness of this.
leaves all trifid ; segments sometimes bifid, sometimes trifid, all White Mignonette. Fl. May, Sep. Clt. 1596 or 1693. Pl. 2 ft.
obtuse, lateral ones narrow, middle one broad and rounded at 25 R. FRUTICULÒSA (Lin. spec. 645.) leaves interruptedly pin-
the apex ; stem and leaves covered with pruinose papillæ, most nate ; segments lanceolate, recurved, with scabrous margins ;
evident towards the top; calyx 6-parted; petals bifid or trifid ; terminal segment large; stem shrubby at the base; calyx 5-
capsules bluntly 3-toothed. 2. H. Native of Egypt. Flowers parted; petals 3-lobed; capsules 4-horned, with the horns
yellow.
recurved. h. 2. H. Native of Spain and Sicily. The racemes
Frosty Mignonette. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 foot. are rather slender. The petals are white, and the anthers yel-
19 R. LÆVIGATA ; leaves all trifid ; segments linear or lan- lowish. We suspect that this and the three preceding species are
ceolate, mucronate, upper ones finely ciliated or serrulated ; only varieties.
stem much branched ; calyx 6-parted, linear.
;
7. H. Native Small-shrubby Mignonette. Fl. May, Sep. Clt. 1794. Pl. 2 ft.
of Egypt. A smooth much-branched plant. Stem with a very 26 R. BIPINNA'TA (Willd. enum. 500.) leaves bipinnatifid, very
few minute bristles on the angles. Flowers yellow; petals bifid scabrous; stem suffruticose ; racemes densely spicate. h. F.
or trifid. Capsule bluntly 3-toothed. Leaves sometimes simple. Native of Spain on gypsaceous rocks near Aranjuez. Flowers
Smoothed Mignonette. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1828. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. with white trifid petals and yellowish anthers. Very like R. álba.
20 R. Gracilis (Tenore, prod. app. Al. nap. ex Schlecht. Bipinnate-leaved Mignonette. Fl. Ju. Aug. Cit.1816. Pl. 2 ft.
Linnæa 3. p. 100.) stem diffuse, much branched ; leaves all tri- 27 R. MIRIOPHY'LLA (Tenore, Al. nap. app. prim. p. 28.)
fid ; segments linear, slender, intermediate one rarely bifid; leaves pinnate, with 12 pairs of segments, which are linear and
capsules clavated, elongated, sharply tricuspidate. F.H. Na- blunt, straight and approximate, entire, but the terminal one is
tive of Calabria and Lucania. Like R. lùtea, but differs in the 3-lobed ; flowers tetragynous; calyx 5-parted, erect.
O. H.
stems being more branched, as well as in the leaves being all Native of Naples. Flowers with white 3-parted ? petals and
trifid. It differs from R. saxatilis, in the stem being branched yellowish anthers.
and diffuse, not simple and straight.
Thousand-leaved Mignonette. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl.
Slender Mignonette. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
1 to 2 feet.
21 R. LUTEA (Lin. spec. 645.) smooth ; lower leaves pinna- 28 R. INCI'SA (Tenore, fl. nap. app. prim. p. 28.) leaves in-
tifid, upper ones 3-parted ; segments narrow, entire, or wavy ; terruptedly pinnate, with many pairs of segments; these are
calyx 6-parted; lower petals simple ? capsule 3-toothed. O linear acute and cut, approximate ; flowers tetragynous; calyx
or 4. H. Native of many parts of Europe, abundant in 5-parted, erect; petals 3-parted? O. H. Native of Naples,
Britain on chalky hills and waste places. Jacq. aust. t. 353. Flowers with white petals and yellow anthers.
Smith, eng. bot. t. 321. Flowers yellowish. Ray and Haller Cut-leaved Mignonette. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
remark, that this plant has an oleraceous taste resembling that Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in
of cabbage. Petals bifid or trifid.
the open ground, and the plants afterwards treated as other
Yellon Mignonette or Base Rocket. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. hardy annuals and biennials. The suffruticose species require
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
shelter during winter ; these are either propagated by seeds or
§ 3. Leaves all pinnate or pinnatifid. Petals 3-parted or 3-
cuttings.
lobed.
II. OCHRADE'NUS (from oxpos, ochros, yellow, and
22 R. UNDA'TA (Lin. spec. 644.) leaves all pinnatifid ; seg- adny, aden, a gland; colour of the gland, or rather disk of the
ments linear-lanceolate, mucronate, waved, with scabrous mar- flower.) Delile. ill. ægypt. 15.
Рp
.
VOL. 1.-PART IV.

290
RESEDACEÆ. II. OCHRADENUS. DATISCEÆ. I. DATISCA. FLACOURTIANEÆ.
a
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Trigynia. Calyx rotate, 5-toothed, are easily increased by dividing at the root when dormant.
replete with an annular gland or rather disk. Petals wanting. They are only fit to be planted in shrubberies.
Berry many-seeded. A small shrub, with numerous twiggy,
straight, smooth branches. Leaves linear bluntish, furnished ORDER XVIII. FLACOURTIA'NEÆ (plants agreeing with
on each side with a glandular tubercle. Flowers in spikes, yel- Flacoúrtia in many important characters). Rich. in mem. mus.
low. Peduncles at length becoming spinescent.
1. p. 366. D. C. prod. 1. p: 255.
10. BACCATUS (Delile. 1. c.) ħ. F.
ħ. F. Native of Upper
Egypt.
Sepals 4-5-7. (f. 55. b.), definite in number, connected a little
Baccate-fruited Ochradenus. Shrub 1 foot.
together at the base. Petals equal in number with the sepais
Cult. See R. odoràta frutéscens for the culture and propaga- and alternating with them, very rarely absent (f. 55. a.). Sta-
tion of this plant.
mens inserted into the thalamus or receptacle, equal in number
ORDER XVII. DATI'SCEÆ (this order only contains the with the petals, but sometimes double or multiple that number
genus Datísca.) R. Br. in Clapp. and Denh. trav. appendix. (f. 55. 56. a.) and sometimes these are changed into necta-
Flowers dioecious from abortion. Male flowers with the riferous scales. Ovary ovate-globose, free, sessile (f. 55. c.
calyx of 5 linear equal acute sepals. Corolla wanting. Sta- f. 56. d.) or on a very short stipe. Style absent, or when pre-
mens about 15, inserted in the receptacle, very short; anthers
sent filiform (f. 56. f.). Stigmas equal in number with the
oblong, obtuse, much longer than the calyx, 2-celled, bursting valves of the ovary, more or less distinct (f. 56. e.) from each
.
inwards. Female flowers, with a superior, erect, bidentate,
other. Fruit 1-celled (f. 56. g.) sometimes indehiscent and
minute, permanent calyx. Corolla none. Ovary oblong, in-
Ovary oblong, in- fleshy, sometimes capsular, 4-5-valved, filled with a fine pulp
ferior. Styles 3, short, cloven ; stigmas simple, oblong, shaggy.
inside. Seeds few, thick, usually inwrapped in a dry thin pulpy
Capsule prismatic, crowned by the permanent styles, with 3- pellicle ; these seeds are fixed to the valves of the capsule, not to
valves and l-cell, with a hole at the top as in Reseda. Seeds
the margin as in Capparideæ, nor to a longitudinal line as in
small, numerous, ranged along 3-4 or 5 placentarious nerves in Violarièæ and Passiflòreæ, but with the placentas branched in the
the capsule. Albumen pale, fleshy. Embryo straight, terete,
disk of the valves, and the seeds adhering somewhat irregularly,
with
very
short cotyledons, and a long thick centrifugal radicle. and as if it were areolately, to these branched placentas. Albu-
This order comes very near to Resedàceæ, but differs in the men fleshy, rather oily. Embryo straight, slender, with the
seeds being furnished with albumen, in the flowers being apeta-
radicle turned towards the hilum. Cotyledons flat, oval, leafy.
lous, in the calyx being adherent, and in the fruit being inferior. This order contains small tropical trees or shrubs without sti-
Large coarse perennial herbs, having the appearance of hemp, pulas. The leaves are alternate, simple, feather-nerved, usually
with pinnate leaves and long spiked racemes of insignificant entire and coriaceous, on very short footstalks. Peduncles ax-
flowers, resembling those of some species of Resèda ; they ap- illary and many-flowered. Flowers small, insignificant, often of
pear to be yellowish-green from the colour of the anthers. Ripe distinct sexes, they are yellow, white, or greenish. Fruit when
seeds of these plants are easily introduced in a living state from
fleshy eatable. This order is allied to Capparideæ and Rese-
their native countries on account of the copious albumen. The
dàceæ, but it differs from these as well as from all dicotyledonous
genus Tetrúmelis of R. Br. belongs to this order, and is remark- plants in the seeds being fixed to branched parietal placentas.
able in the quaternary division of every part of the dioecious Nothing is known of the properties of the plants contained in
flower. The plant is a native of Java.
this order. The seeds are difficult to introduce in a living state
from their native countries.
I. DATI'SCA (meaning unknown.) Lin. gen. 530. Juss. gen.
445. Gært. fruct. 1. t. 147. t. 30.
Synopsis of the
genera.
LIN. syst. Dice cia, Polyandria. Character the same as that
TRIBE I.
of the order.
1 D. CANNABI'NA (Lin. spec. 649.) leaflets deeply serrated,
PATRISIE'Æ. Flowers hermaphrodite, apetalous. Sepals 5.
pale-green; stem and leaves smooth. 2. H. Native of Can-
Fruct capsular or baccate.
dia and some other parts in the south of Europe. Alp. exot. t.
294.-Mor. hist. 3. p. 433. sect. 11. t. 25. f. 3-4.
1 RYANÆA. Flowers with a petaloid urceolus between the
Bastard Hemp. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1739. Pl. 4 feet.
stamens and the pistil. Fruit baccate, indehiscent.
2 D. HI'RTA (Lin. spec. 1469.) leaflets deeply serrated, larger, 2 Patri'sia. Urceolus wanting. Fruit capsular, dehiscent,
more alternate, and more decurrent and confluent at the base
papery, 3-5-valved.
than in the last species ; stem hairy. 4. H. Native of Pennsyl-
TRIBE II.
vania. Flowers in terminal panicles.
Hairy-stemmed Bastard Hemp. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? Pl. 3 to
FLACOURTIE'Æ. Flowers dioecious (f. 55. a.b. f. 56. a. d.) from
4 feet.
abortion, apetalous (f. 56. a. f. 55. a.). Fruit baccate (f. 55. c.
3 D. NEPALE'NSIS (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 203.) leaflets 5, f. 56. d.), indehiscent.
ovate-lanceolate, serrated; male flowers octandrous; stem and 3 FlacOU'RTIA. Stamens densely crowded upon a hemisphe-
leaves smooth. 4. H. Native of Nipaul. This species differs
from D. cannabina, in the male flowers having 8 anthers, not
rical, glandless torus (f. 55. a.). Stigmas 4-9 (f. 55. b.).
10-15, as well as in the stigmas being much shorter.
4 Rou'MEA. Stamens not inserted upon a dilated torus
Nipaul Bastard Hemp. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 3 to 4 feet. (f. 56. a.), girded at the base by crenated glands. Stigmas ca-
Cult. These plants will grow under any circumstances, and pitate, depressed (f. 56. e.)

FLACOURTIANEÆ. I. RYANÆA. II. PATRISIA. III, FLACOURTIA.
291
p. 256.
5 STIGMARÒTA. Stamens as in Roúmea. Style crowned by between Atures and Maypures on the Orinoco river. Flowers
6 radiant stigmas.
whitish.
Toothed-leaved Patrisia. Tree 30 feet.
TRIBE III.
4 P. AFFI'NIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves glabrous, with the
KIGGELARIE Æ. Flowers dioecious from abortion (f. 57. a. b.) nerve and veins on the under surface rather hairy, ovate, acumi-
Petals 5. Fruit baccate, at length dehiscent.
nated, obsoletely denticulated; flowers 1-2, axillary on short
pedicels ; branchlets somewhat erect. ħ.s. Native on rocks
6 KIGGELA`RIA. Petals 5, bearing 3 glands at the claw (f.57.)
near Carichana on the river Orinoco. Flowers whitish. Root
7 MELICYTUS. Petals 5, glandless. Stigmas 4-5, radiant.
poisonous.
8 HYDNOCA'RPUS. Petals 5, furnished each with a scale at Allied Patrisia. Tree 20 feet.
the base.
Cult. The species of Patrisia require to be grown in a mix-
ture of loam and vegetable mould, and ripened cuttings will root
TRIBE IV.
freely if planted in a pot of sand, and a hand-glass placed over
ERYTHROSPE'RMEÆ. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals and sta- them, plunged in heat.
mens 5-7. Fruit baccate, indehiscent.
Tribe II.
9 ERYTHROSPE'RMUM. Calyx of 4 sepals, about equal in
FLACOURTIEÆ (shrubs agreeing with Flacourtia in many
length with the petals.
important characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 256. Flowers dioe-
Tribe I.
cious from abortion (f. 55. a. b. f. 56. a. d.), petalless (f. 55. a.
PATRISIEÆ (plants agreeing with Patràsia in some im-
f.56. b.). Stamens indefinite (f. 55. a.). Fruit baccate, inde-
hiscent (f. 55.c. f.56. d.).
portant characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 255. Flowers herma-
III.
phrodite, apetalous. Sepals 5, coloured on the inside, permanent.
FLACOU'RTIA (in honour of Etienne de Flacourt, a
Stamens indefinite. Fruit capsular or baccate. Perhaps refer-
Director of the French East India Company, and the commander
able to some genera in Passiflòreæ near Smeathmánnia ? but the
of an expedition to Madagascar in 1648, of which he afterwards
wrote an account, which contained considerable details
seeds are smooth, not as in Passiflòrea, scrobiculate, wholly botany of that country). Lher. stirp. 59. t. 30. D. C. prod. 1.
upon
the
fixed to the disk, not fixed longitudinally to the nerves of the
valves as in that order.
LIN. SYST. Dice'cia, Polyándria. Male flowers. Stamens
I. RYANÆ'A (named by Vahl after John Ryan, who col-
densely crowded upon the hemispherical receptacle (f. 55. a.),
lected and sent to him many plants from Guiana and Cayenne). glandless at the base. Female flowers. Calyx 4-5-cleft
, (f. 55. b.)
D. C. prod. 1. p. 254. Ryània, Vahl. ecl. 1. p. 51. t. 9.
51. t. 9. Patri- deciduous. Stigmas 4-9 (f. 55. b.), furnished each with one
sia, Rich. act. soc. par. p. 111.
longitudinal furrow above. Seeds bony. Shrubs thorny. The
Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Urceolus petaloid, si-
LINSYST
sepals are whitish and the stamens and anthers are yellow.
tuated between the stamens and the pistil. Fruit baccate, inde-
1 F. RAMO'NTCHI (Lher. 1. c. Lam. ill. t. 826.) leaves roundish-
.
hiscent. Branching shrubs with simple leaves. The name is a
ovate, acute, crenated. h.S. Native of Madagascar, where it
is called Ramontchi.
little changed to prevent its being confounded with Riàna.
Flowers
Alamotou, Flac. mad. 124.
1 R. SPECIOSA (Vahl. 1. c.) leaves green on both surfaces, yellowish or cream-coloured. The fruit is of the size and shape
under surface bearing stellate hairs on the ribs; peduncles 1-
of a small plum, red when ripe, but at length becoming violet-
a
flowered. h. s. Native of the island of Trinidad and in coloured with a transparent red flesh. The natives eat the
Cayenne in mountain woods. Patrìsia pyrífera, Rich. l. c. Pers.
fruit; they are sweet, but leave a sharpness in the mouth.
ench. 2. p. 69. Flowers large, somewhat cream-coloured.
An island on the coast of Madagascar is covered with these
Shewy Ryanæa. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub 10 feet. trees, and because they resemble the European plum-tree, the
Cult. This beautiful and singular shrub deserves a place in
sailors have named the island Isle aux Prunes, or Plum-tree Island.
every stove. It will thrive well in vegetable mould mixed with Ramontchi Flacourtia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1775. Sh. 8 feet.
a little sand; and ripened cuttings will strike freely if planted in
2 F. SA'PIDA (Roxb. cor. 1. p.
FIG. 55.
a pot of sand, which should be plunged in a gentle heat, under a
49. t. 69.) leaves elliptic, repandly-
hand or bell-glass.
serrated, bluntish at both extremi-
ties. h.S. Native of the East In-
II. PATRI'SIA (- Patris, who collected numerous plants dies on mountains. Flowers yellow.
in Cayenne). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 5. p. 356. D. C. prod. Fruit red, the size of a common cur-
1. p. 255.
rant; they are eaten by the inhabit.
LIN. Syst. Polyándria, Tri-Pentagynia.
Urceolus none.
ants, and are very palatable. The
Fruit capsular, dehiscent, suberose or papery, 3-5-valved. tree is called Pedda Canrew by
1 P. BICOLOR (D. C. prod. 1. p. 256.) leaves white on the the Telingas. (f. 55.)
d
under surface from very fine tomentum; peduncles many-flow- Sapid Flacourtia. Fl. Clt. 1800.
NETOWA
ered. h.S. Native of Cayenne and Trinidad. Flowers large, Tree 12 feet.
cream-coloured.
3 F. INE'RMIS (Roxb. cor. 3. t.
Two-coloured-leaved Patrisia. Shrub 8 feet.
222.) an unarmed tree; leaves el-
2 P. PARVIFLÒRA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 256.) leaves villous on liptic, crenately-serrated, shining ;
the under surface without ribs ; peduncles 1-flowered.
h.s. racemes axillary, short; flowers
Native of Cayenne. Flowers whitish.
hermaphrodite; style 5-cleft. h.
Small-flowered Patrisia. Shrub 12 feet.
25.
3 P. DENTA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 5. p. 357.) leaves Stamens 20-30. Berries reddish-purple, of a pleasant acid taste,
glabrous on the ribs, on the under surface, and with the veins for which the tree is cultivated extensively in the Moluccas.
puberulous; flowers axillary, 1-2, on short pedicels; branchlets Unarmed Flacourtia. Fl. Feb. Nov. Clt. 1814. Tree 30 ft.
somewhat flexuous. . S. Native of sandy shady places 4 F. SEPIA'RIA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 48. t. 68.) leaves obovate-
s. Native of the Molucca islands. Mal. misc. 1. no. 1.
p.
c
00
P p 2

-
mea.
.
292
FLACOURTIANEÆ. III. FLACOURTIA. IV. Roumea. V. STIGMAROTA. VI. KIGGELARIA.
oblong, repandly serrated. H. S. Native of the East Indies. tion confused with Drypètes,) Bessèra spinòsa, Spreng. pug. 2.
-Rheed. mal. 2. p. 39. Many of the synonyms given to this p. 91.-Limàcia laurifolia, Dietr. Flowers greenish-yellow,
plant are probably confused with those of Elæodendron Ar'gan. aggregate. Fruit small, saffron-coloured, without taste.
Fruit red, eatable, and are sold in public markets; they are Leathery-leaved Roumea. Shrub 12 feet.
called Canrew by the Telingas. This bush answers well for 2 R. INE'RMIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 256.) spines none ; leaves
fences, the spines being very strong.
quite entire. ħ.S. Native of Bengal. Bessèra inérmis, Spreng,
Hedge Flacourtia. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet.
pug. 2. p. 90. Branches angular from 3 strong nerves running
5 F. CATAPHRA'CTA (Roxb. in. Willd. spec. 4. p. 830.) leaves down the stem from each leaf. Flowers 15-20 aggregate, small,
oval-oblong, acuminated, serrated. h.S. Native of the East on slender pedicels, in the axils of the leaves; greenish-yellow.
Indies. Flowers yellow. Fruit reddish, when ripe eatable. Male flowers with sessile anthers.
All-armed Flacourtia. Clt. 1804. Shrub 8 feet.
Unarmed Roumea. Shrub 8 feet.
6 F. FLAVE'SCENS (Willd. spec. 4. p. 830.) leaves oblong, Cult. These plants will thrive best in a mixture of loam and
bluntish, serrated, narrowed at the base. h. s.
h. S. Native of peat. Ripened cuttings will strike freely if planted in a pot of
Guinea. Flowers and fruit yellow.
sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat.
Yellowish Flacourtia. Clt. 1780. Shrub 15 feet.
7. F. RHAMNOIDES (Burch. cat. afr. austr. no. 4012.) leaves V. STIGMARO'TA (from stigma, a stigma, and rota, a
elliptical, somewhat serrated, acutish. h.G. Native of the wheel ; in allusion to the rayed stigmas.) Lour. coch. 2. p. 634.
;
Cape of Good Hope, in woods. Flowers axillary, small, yel- D. C. prod. 1. p. 257. .
lowish; pedicels 1-flowered. Berry ovate, red, eatable when ripe.
LIN. SYST. Dice'cia, Polyándria. Male flowers as in Roú-
Rhamnus-like Flacourtia. Clt. 1819. Shrub 4 feet.
Female flower. Calyx deciduous, 4-5 parted. Style cy-
8 F. FLEXUÒSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. 7. p. 239.) branches lindrical, short; stigmas 6, rayed. Berry fleshy, 6-seeded,
flexuous, spinose ; leaves ovate-oblong, remotely serrated, mem- brownish-purple, eatable; they are sweetish, and somewhat as-
branous, smooth, shining: male flowers axillary, aggregate. K. tringent. Perhaps this genus should be joined with Flacoúrtia,
S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellowish.
or Roúmea ?
Flexuous-branched Flacourtia. Shrub 6 feet.
1 S. JA'NGOMAS (Lour. 1. c.) spines on the female plants sim-
. 9 F. CELASTRI'NA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 239.) spines of ple, on the males branched ; leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated ;
l
the branches very long and straight; leaves obovate-roundish, peduncles many-flowered,
h. G.
Native of Cochin-china,
membranous, crenated, smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, from Lour. in Java, and Beleya, from Rumph. 7. p. 36. t.
usually twin; berry subglobose-elliptical. ñ.s. Native of 19. f. 1. and 2. Roúmea Jángomas, Spreng syst. 2. p. 632.
Mexico. Flowers yellowish. Berries red.
Jangomas is the name of the tree in Java?
Celastrus-like Flacourtia. Shrub 6 feet.
Jangomas Stigmarota. Tree 12 feet.
10 F. PRUNIFOLIA (H. B. 1. c. p. 240. t. 654.) trunk beset 2 S. AFRICA'NA (Lour. 1. c.) differs from the last species in
with strong spines; branches unarmed ; leaves obovate, ellip- the stem being shrubby and prickly; flowers solitary, terminal ;
tical, obtuse, coriaceous, smooth, shining, glandularly crenated ; stigmas 6-7. h. G. Native of Cochin-china.
racemes axillary, short.
Native of New Granada.
African Stigmarota. Shrub 6 feet.
Flowers yellowish. Berries red, eatable when ripe ?
Cult. Should these plants ever be introduced into our gardens,
Plum-leaved Flacourtia. Tree 20 feet.
we would recommend that they should be grown in a mixture of
11 F. CORDA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 241.) unarmed ; loam, peat, and sand; and ripened cuttings to be tried in sand,
leaves cordate, acute, crenated, coriaceous, smooth, shining ; male under a hand-glass.
flowers aggregate, female ones solitary. h.S. Native of Peru.
Flowers yellowish. Berries red?
Tribe III.
Cordate-leaved Flacourtia. Shrub.
Cult. This genus thrives best in a mixture of loam and peat.
а
KIGGELARIEÆ (shrubs agreeing with Kiggelària in some
Cuttings will root freely planted in a pot of sand, and placed important characters.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 257.
pFlowers dioe-
under a hand-glass, in heat.
cious from abortion, (f. 57. c. b.) Petals 5? alternating with
the sepals. Stamens definite, (f. 57. d.) Fruit somewhat bac-
IV. ROU'MEA (in memory of Philippe Rose Roume, de St. cate, at length dehiscent.
Laurent, once an agent of the French Government in St. Domin-
go, who was of great service to Poiteau while he travelled there.) VI. KIGGELA'RIA (in memory of Francis Kiggelar, an
Poit. mem. mus. 1. p. 62. t. 4.
FIG. 56.
obscure Dutch botanist, who lived about the end of the seven-
D. C. prod. 1.
p. 256.
teenth century. He published a catalogue of the garden of
LIN. syst. Dice'cia, Polyandria.
Beaumont, in 1790.) Linn. gen. no. 1128. D. C. prod. 1. p.
Male flowers with the stamens in-
257.
serted in a narrow receptacle (f.56,
Lin. syst. Dice'cia, Polyándria. Petals 5, (f. 57. 6.) bearing
a.) girded at the base by crenated
3 glands at the claw. Male flowers. Stamens 10-20 ; filaments
glands. Female flowers. Calyx per-
short; anthers opening by a double chink at the top. Female
manent, 4-5 cleft. Stigmas depress-
flowers. Styles 2-5. Shrubs with willow-like leaves, which are
ed-capitate at the top, (f. 56, e.)
somewhat velvety on the under surface, bearing racemes of small
Seeds cartilaginous. Thorny shrubs.
insignificant whitish-yellow flowers.
1 R. CORIA CEA (Poit.l.c.) spines
1 K. AFRICA'NA (Lin. spec. 1466.) leaves serrated at length,
of adult branches sometimes large
glabrous and shining on the upper surface; stamens 10; styles
and branched, sometimes small,
5. h. G. Native of South Africa. Lam. ill. t. 821. Lin.
simple ; leaves serrated. h. s.
S.
hort. cliff. 462. t. 29. herb. citr. 246. t. 12. Flowers greenish-
Native of St. Domingo, in dry and
white.
sunny places. Kolèra laurifolia,
African Kiggelaria. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1683. Shrub
Willd. (exclusive of the descrip-
15 feet.
h. S.
a
a
***

FLACOURTIANEÆ. VII. MELICYTUS. VIII. HydnocaRPUS. IX. ERYTHROSPERMUM. BIXINEÆ. 293
2 K. INTEGRIFOLIA (Jacq. coll.
FIG. 57.
sepalled, deciduous. Petals 4-7, scarcely longer than the calyx.
2. p. 269. icon. rar. t. 628.) leaves
Stamens 4-7: filaments very short. Ovary roundish. Stigmas
entire, velvety on both surfaces;
3-5. Fruit many-seeded. Very smooth unarmed shrubs. Flow-
stamens 20; styles 2, (f. 57. d.)
ers small, greenish-yellow.
N.G. Native of the Cape of Good
1 E. MACROPHY'LLUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 585.) leaves scattered,
Hope. Flowers whitish.
lanceolate, blunt, mucronate; racemes shorter than the leaves.
Entire-leaved Kiggelaria. Fl.
h.S. Native of the Mauritius.
May, June.
Clt. 1819. Shrub
Long-leaved Erythrospermum. Shrub.
10 feet.
2 E. PANICULATUM (Poir. I. c.) leaves scattered, ovate, blunt
Cult. These shrubs grow freely
at both ends ; racemes panicled, longer than the leaves.
h. S.
in a mixture of loam and peat ;
Native of the Mauritius.
ripened cuttings, planted in sand
Var.B, pauciflorum, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 257.) racemes 2-4-flow-
under a hand-glass, will root rea-
ered.
dily.
Paniculate-racemed Erythrospermum. Shrub.
3 E. ELLIPTICUM (Poir. 1. c. p. 585.) leaves scattered, ellip-
1
VII. MELICY'TUS (from uɛlı,
tically-roundish, blunt at both ends; racemes few-flowered,
meli, honey, and KUTOS, cytos, a ca-
longer than the leaves. h. S. Native of the Mauritius.
vity ; because of the filaments which are called nectaries by For- Var. B, mucronàtum (D.C. prod. 1. p. 528.) leaves ovate-
ster bearing on the tip a meliferous cavity.) Forst. gen. t. 62. mucronate. h. S. Native of Java.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 257.
.
Elliptic-leaved Erythrospermum. Shrub.
LIN. Syst. Die cia, Pentándria. Petals 5, glandless. Male 4 E. AMPLEXICAU'LE (D. C. prod. 1. p. 852.) leaves scattered,
flowers. Stamens 5 ; filaments club-shaped ; anthers adnate. Fe- crowded at the top of the branches, oval, cordate at the base;
male flowers. Style very short ; stigmata 4-5, rayed.
peduncles somewhat umbellate, shorter than the leaves. h.s.
1 M. RAMIFLÒRUs (Forst. 1. c. Lam. ill. t. 812. f. 1.) leaves Native of the Mauritius.
toothed, oblong-cuneate, smooth on both surfaces. Þ.G. Na- Stem-clasping-leaved Erythrospermum. Shrub.
tive of New Zealand. Peduncles aggregate, fasciculate. Flow- 5 E. PYRIFÒLIUM (Lam. ill. t. 274. f. 1.) leaves scattered, on
ers very minute, whitish.
very short footstalks, blunt at both ends; racemes somewhat
Branch-flowered Melicytus. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet.
terminal, shorter than the leaves. . S. Native of the Mau-
2 M. ? UMBELLA'TUS (Gært. fr. 1. t. 206. t. 44. f. 3.) Per- ritius.
haps the same as M. ramiflòrus, or perhaps a species of Ery- Pear-leaved Erythrospermum. Shrub.
throspermum ?
6 E. VERTICILLA'TUM (Lam. ill. t. 274. f. 2.) leaves 3 in a
Umbellate-flowered Melicytus. Shrub 6 feet.
whorl, almost sessile, roundish ; peduncles corymbosely-umbel-
Cult. This Genus requires the same treatment as Kiggelària, late at the top, length of the leaves. h.S. Native of the Mauri-
which see.
tius and Bourbon. The fruit of this species is referable to the
genus Kiggelària.
VIII. HYDNOCA'RPUS (from vòvov, hydnon, a tuber, and Whorl-leaved Erythrospermum. Shrub.
kaptos, karpos, a fruit; in allusion to the fruit being crowned Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam,
by 4 tubercles.) Gært. fruct. 1. p. 288. t. 60. f. 3. D. C. prod. peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will root if planted in a
1. p. 257.
pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat. +
LIN. Syst. Diccia, Pentándria. Male flower. Sepals 5, two
outer ones ovate. Petals 5, with villous margins, furnished with
a scale on the inside. Stamens 5. Female flower ? Berry sphe-
ORDER XIX. BIXI'NEÆ. Kunth. malv. p. 17. nov. gen.
rical, terminated by 4 reflexed tubercles. Placentas 4, many- amer. 5. p. 331. D. C. prod. 1. p. 259. .
seeded. A tree with flexuous branches, and alternate broad Calyx of 4-8 sepals, which are imbricate in the bud, these are
leaves.
sometimes truly distinct, and sometimes they are connected at
1 H. INE'BRIANS (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 100.) n. S. Native
the base. Petals 5, or wanting, but when present they are very
of Ceylon. H. venenata, Gært. fr. 1. c. The fruit, when eaten,
occasions giddiness, and is greedily devoured by fishes ; but
like the sepals. Stamens indefinite in number, inserted in the re-
when fish are taken by means of this fruit they are not eatable, ceptacle or at the bottom of the calyx; filaments free ; anthers
as they occasion vomiting and other violent symptoms.
2-celled. Ovary superior, sessile, 1-celled. Style 1, undivided, or
Inebriating Hydnocarpus. Tree 30 feet?
Cult. This tree, if ever it should be introduced to the
2-4-cleft at the apex, Fruit capsular or baccate, 1-2-celled, many-
gar-
dens, will probably thrive in a mixture of loam and
seeded. Seeds fixed to parietal placentas, which are from 1-7
and
peat,
ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat.
in number, the seeds of all are probably inwrapped in a fleshy
membrane. Albumen fleshy or very thin. Embryo inclosed.
Tribe IV.
erectish, or curved with leafy cotyledons, and with the radicle
ERYTHROSPE'RMEÆ (shrubs agreeing with Erythro-
looking towards the hilum (Kunth). Smoothish tropical trees,
spérmum in some important characters.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 257.
with alternate, simple, entire, or slightly-lobed leaves, which are
Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals and stamens 4-7. Fruit inde- generally full of pellucid dots. The stipulas are caducous.
Fruit inde-
hiscent, somewhat baccate.
The peduncles are axillary or terminal, bracteate, 1 or many-
flowered, usually forming terminal panicles. Flowers middle-
IX. ERYTHROSPE'RMUM (from epv.Ipos, erythros, red,
sized. The genera of this order are very imperfectly known.
and otepua, sperma, a seed ; because the seeds are red.) Lam.
ill. t. 274. D. C. prod. 1. p. 257. .
The habit of the plants come near to Malvàceæ and Flacourtià-
Lin. syst. Tetra-Heptándria, Tetra-Pentagynia. Calyx 4-
neæ, but the character of the fruit comes nearer to Cistineæ and
a

294
BIXINEÆ. I. Bixa.
* Petals present.
Flacourtiàneæ. This order is composed of tropical trees and The Portuguese have also the same appellation, Urucu or Uru-
shrubs, not remarkable for either beauty or use. The seeds cueira. In Spanish it is Anato or Atolle. In the Mexican
called Arnotta in the shops are the produce of Bixa Orel- language Achiotl
. Scalager calls it Arbor finium regundorum,
because the Mexicans made plans, and marked the boundaries of
làna, these are used for colouring cheese. The seeds retain their
their lands on tablets with the colour prepared from the pulp
power of vegetating a considerable time, therefore in most in-
which surrounds the seeds. Tournefort named it Mitella from
stances they may be introduced from any part of the world in a the resemblance of the capsule, when open, to a mitre.
living state.
The drug called Arnotta is thus prepared from the red pulp
Synopsis of the Genera.
which covers the seeds. The contents of the fruit are taken out
and thrown into a wooden vessel, where as much hot water is
1 Br’xa. Petals and sepals 5. Style long, ligulate at the pulp, and by diligent stirring and pounding the pulp is separated
Style long, ligulate at the poured
upon them, as is necessary to suspend the red powder or
apex. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, prickly.
from the seeds, or gradually washed off with the assistance
2 ECHINOCA'RPUs. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4-5, cut. Style of a spatula or spoon. When the seeds appear quite naked
awl-shaped. Capsule woody, 1-celled, 4-valved, prickly. they are taken out, and the wash is left to settle ; after which
3 TRICHOSPE'RMUM. Sepals and petals 5. Style wanting
the water is gently poured away, and the sediment put into shal-
low vessels, to be dried by degrees in the shade. After acquiring
Stigma emarginate. Capsule kidney-shaped, 1-celled, 2-valved,
a due consistence it is made into balls or cakes, and set to dry
hairy.
in an airy place until it is perfectly firm. Some persons first
4 Bana'ra. Calyx 6-parted, permanent. Petals 6. Stigma pound the contents of the fruit with wooden pestles; then cover-
.
capitate. Berry very succulent.
ing them with water, leave them to steep six days. This liquor
5 LÆTIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, or wanting. Stigma being passed through a coarse sieve, and afterwards through
three finer ones, is again put into the vat or wooden vessel,
capitate. Berry fleshy, 2-5-valved.
,
and left to ferment a week. It is then boiled until it is pretty
* * Petals absent.
thick, and when cool is spread out to dry, and then made up
6 HASSE’LTIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals wanting. Stigma into balls
, which are usually wrapped up in leaves. Arnotta of
a good quality is of the colour of fire, bright within, soft to the
simple. Fruit 1-2-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded.
touch, and dissolves entirely in water. It is reputed cooling and
7 Pro'ckia. Calyx 3-5-parted, permanent. Petals wanting: cordial, and is much used by the Spaniards in their chocolate
.
Stigma entire. Berry dry, 4-6-seeded.
and soups, both to heighten the flavour and to give them an
8 Lu'dia. Calyx 5-7-parted, permanent. Petals wanting. agreeable colour. It is esteemed a good antidote to dysentery
Style filiform. Stigma trifid. Berry 6-7-seeded.
and disorders of the kidneys, and is recommended as a good
stomachic cordial, and a preservative against retention of urine.
9 AzA'RA. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals wanting. Style awl-
Mixed with lemon-juice and a gum it makes the crimson paint
shaped Stigma obtuse. Berry many-seeded.
with which the Indians adorn their persons. It was formerly used
10 Ku'hlia. Calyx campanulate, 6-8-cleft, closed, perma- by dyers to form the colour called Aurora, but at present it is
nent, inner segments largest. Corolla none. Fruit 1-celled, ,
not held in such high estimation as a dye, though it still main-
many-seeded.
tains its ground with painters. Arnotta is well known to be the
drug which is used for colouring the cheese in Gloucestershire,
I. BI'XA (Bixa is the American name of B.crellana.) Lin. under the name of cheese-colouring. It is used in Holland for
gen. no. 654. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. am. 5. p. 353. D.C. colouring butter. Arnotta gives but a pale brownish yellow
prod. 1. p. 259.
colour to water, and is not soluble in that liquid, nor in spirit of
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals ; wine ; but in order to be fit for dyeing, it requires an alkaline men-
SYST
sepals orbicular, tuberculated at the base, deciduous, imbricated struum, to which it gives a bright orange colour, and hence it
in æstivation. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens numerous, hypogy- was formerly used as an ingredient in varnishes and lacquers,
nous, free ; filaments filiform; anthers ovate. Ovary one. Style and in dyeing wax of a vermilion colour ; but in dyeing cloths it
;
one, long, almost ligulate and compressed at the top. Capsule is of little use, as the colour is discharged by exposure to the air
1-celled, 2-valved; valves covered with bristles on the outside, and by soap. The bark of the tree makes good ropes for the
each bearing a linear placenta on the inside in the middle. Seeds common plantation uses in the West Indies; and pieces of the
8-10 on each side of the placenta, clothed with a farinaceous red wood are used by the Indians to procure fire by friction. The
pulp. Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect. Cotyledons leafy, flat,
Embryo erect. Cotyledons leafy, flat, specific name Orellàna is given to this tree because it is believed
parallel, transversely plaited in the middle. Gært. fruct. 1. that it grows principally towards the borders of Orellana in
t. 61. Trees with broad cordate leaves, and dichotomous pani- South America.
cles of large reddish flowers, and prickly capsules.
Arnotta is said to be an antidote to the poisonous juice of
1 B. ORELLA'NA (Lin. spec. 730.) leaves cordate, ovate, Manihot. The liquid formerly sold under the name of "Scot's
acuminated, entire or angular, smooth on both surfaces. n.
h. nankeen dye,” seems to be nothing but Arnotta dissolved in al-
S. Native of South America by the sides of bogs and foun- kaline ley.
tains. Cultivated in the West India islands. Sloane, hist. 2. p. Orellana or Common Arnotta or Anotta-Tree. Fl. May, Aug.
52.t. 181. f. 1. Comm. hort. amst. 1. t. 33. B. Americana, Poir. Tree 30 feet.
dict. 6. p. 229. Corymbs terminal, panicled; peduncles 2-3-4- 2 B. URUCURA'NA (Willd. enum. p. 565.) leaves with white
flowered. Flowers pale peach-coloured. In Holland the seeds scales or dots on the under surface. h.s. Native of Brasil. Flow-
of this tree are called Orleane ; in Germany, Orleansbaum, Bi- ers like the last. Uruca or Uruka is the Brasilian name of the tree.
schofsmutze, Anotta. In England we have taken the latter of Uruca Arnotta. Clt. 1823. Tree?
these names, spelling it variously Arnotto, Anotta, Anota, An- 3 B. PLATYCA'RPA (Ruiz, et Pav. A. per. 5. t. 459.) cap-
noto. The French have adopted the Brasilian name Uruku or sules nearly kidney-shaped, flat, with very few prickles; pedicels
Urucu, spelling it Roucouyer, Roucou, or Rocurier des Indes. very thick towards the flower ; leaves cordate, entire, strongly
,
a
a

BIXINEÆ. II. ECHINOCARPUS. III. TRICHOSPERMUM. IV. BANARA. V. LÆTIA.
295
ribbed." ħ.s. Native of Peru or Chili. Corymbs terminal, style. Seeds indefinite, striated. A shrub with simple leaves, ,
panicled; peduncles 2-3-flowered.
and panicles of small yellow flowers.
Broad-capsuled Arnotta-Tree. Tree 20 feet.
1 B. Guiane'nsis (Aubl. 1. c.
FIG. 58.
4 B. ODORA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 460.) leaves cor- 217.) K.S. Native of Cayenne,
date, acuminated, with one small lobe on each side, and therefore in woods. Leaves ovate-oblong,
the leaves appear as if they were 3-lobed. h.s. Native of
acute, denticulated, somewhat to-
Peru or Chili. Corymbs terminal, panicled; peduncles 2-
mentose on the under surface.
flowered.
Flowers yellow. Berry black.
Sweet-scented Arnotta-Tree. Tree 20 feet.
Guiana Banara. Fl. May. Sh.
5 B. PURPU REA (Hort.) leaves like those of Bixa Orellana.
10 feet.
The flowers and capsules are purple. n. S. Native of the 2 B. ROXBU’RGHII (Spreng. syst.
East Indies.
2. p. 472.) leaves lanceolate, re-
Purple Arnotta-Tree. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
motely-toothed, tapering to the
Cult. These trees grow to a large size before they can be base, and quite entire, woolly be-
got to flower from seed. But if cuttings be taken from a flower- neath; panicle axillary, very vil-
ing plant and struck, they may be brought to flower when small
lous. K. s. Native of the East
h.S.
plants. Loam and peat suit them well, and cuttings root freely Indies.
in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
Roxburgh's Banara. Sh. 8 feet.
Cult. These shrubs will thrive
II. ECHINOCARPUS (from exivos, echinos, a hedgehog,
well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand; and ripened cuttings
and Kaproc, karpos, a fruit; in allusion to the prickly capsules). hand-glass, in heat.
,
will root freely if planted in a pot of sand, and placed under
a
.
Blum. bijdr. fl. ind. ned. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 645.
Lin. syst. Polyúndria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, deci-
LIN
duous. Petals 4-5, cut. Stamens numerous, hypogynous ;
V. LÆ'TIA (in honour of Jean de Laet of Antwerp, a di-
anthers pointed. Ovary 1. Style awl-shaped. Stigma simple.
rector of the French East-India Company, who published a Latin
Capsule woody, 4-valved; valves echinated on the outside, but history of America in folio, dedicated to King Charles I. of Eng-
filled with farinaceous pulp in the inside. Seeds arillate at the
land. Haller speaks with respect of his botanical remarks as
base, 1 or 2 adhering to the middle of each valve. A tree with
throwing light upon the plants of Marcgrave, and tending to re-
alternate, stalked, oval-acute or acuminated leaves, and 1-flow-
concile his descriptions with those of Clusius and the Spanish
ered lateral peduncles.
botanists.) Lin. gen. no. 651. D. C. prod. 1. p. 260.
1 E. SIGUN (Blum. l. c.) K.S. Native of Java, where the
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, mar-
tree is called Sigun.
cescent, coloured. Petals 5, or wanting. Stamens indefinite,
Sigun. Tree 120 feet.
hypogynous; anthers roundish. Style one; stigma capitate.
Cult. For the cultivation and propagation of this tree, see
Capsule fleshy, 3-5-valved, small, globose, acuminated with the
Bixa.
style. Seeds many, clothed with a pulpy pellicle. Trees with
simple leaves, and axillary peduncles of small whitish flowers
III. TRICHOSPE'RMUM (from Spix tpexos, thrix trichos,
with yellow anthers.
9p
a hair, and otepua, sperma, a seed ; in allusion to the seeds be-
* Flowers apetalous.
ing ciliated.) Blum. bidjr. fl. ind. ned. ex Schlecht. Linnæa 1.
1 L. APE’TALA (Jacq. amer. 167. t. 108.) flowers apetalous ;
peduncles terminal and axillary, usually 3-flowered ; leaves ob-
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 oval decidu-
long, blunt, serrulated, shining above. h.S. Native of Car-
ous sepals, which are imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, oval, rather
thagena, in woods, and at the river Magdalena, as well as in
smaller than the calyx. Stamens indefinite, free, hypogynous; Brazil and Peru. H. B. and Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
354.
anthers twin. Ovary somewhat bilocular, crowned by 2? Flowers white, like those of Hawthorn. Fruit ovate, 4-angled.
emarginate stigmas. Capsules kidney-shaped, 2-valved, hairy Mart. A. bras. 2. p. 78. t. 165. Ruiz, et. Pav. fl. per. 5. t.
on the outside, bearing the seeds on linear intervalvular pla- 467. b.
centas? Seeds numerous, lenticular, arillate, ciliated. Albu- Petalless Lätia. Fl. Apr. May. Tree 20 feet. .
men fleshy. A tree with alternate ovate-oblong serrulated leaves, 2 L. SCA'BRA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 609.) leaves oval, some-
which are cordate at the base, and furnished with 2 glands be- what denticulated, opaque, scabrous on the under surface, triple-
neath. Stipulas ovate. Flowers disposed in cymes, which are nerved ; peduncles axillary, tern ; calyx silky. h.s. Native
axillary and solitary.
of Hispaniola.
1 T. JAVA'NICUM (Blum. 1. c.) K.S. Native of Java. Flow- Scabrous Lætia. Shrub.
ers reddish ?
3 L? GUIDÒNIA (Swz. prod. 83.) flowers petalless ; pedun-
Java Trichospermum. Tree 50 feet.
cles 1-flowered, terminal ; leaves oblong, acuminate, pubescent.
Cult. This tree will grow well in a mixture of loam and sand ; ħ. S. Native of Jamaica. Guidònia, Browne, jam. 249. t. 29.
and ripened cuttings will strike freely, if planted in a pot of
sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in heat.
f. 4.? Sámyda icosandra, Swz. fl. ind. occ. 3. p. 1962. Style
very short. Capsule fleshy, 3-valved. Perhaps a species of
Sámyda ? The tree is called Rod-wood in Jamaica. The wood
IV. BANARA (the name of a shrub in Guiana.) Aubl. guian. is used in all sorts of buildings. Flowers white? Fruit beau-
?
1. p. 547. D. C. prod. 1. p. 259.
.
tiful red. Guidònia is probably the name of the tree in Jamaica.
LIN. Syst. Põlyándria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, 6-
SYST
Guidonia Lätia. Tree 30 feet.
parted ; lobes rounded. Petals 6, roundish, inserted beneath 4 L. THA'MNIA (Swz. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 950.) flowers petal-
the disk. Stamens 15 and more, inserted at the edge of the less; peduncles axillary, many-flowered, sub-divided ; leaves
the disk. Ovary orbicular, seated on the disk. Style one. oblong, acute, somewhat crenated, shining. Þ.S. Native in
Stigma capitate. Berry scarcely succulent, terminated by the the south of Jamaica, in bushy places by the sea side. Thám-
1
P. 645.
a

296
BIXINEÆ. V. LÆTIA. VI. HASSELTIA. VII. PROCKIA.
H.S.
nia, Browne, jam. 245. t. 25. f. 2. Helwíngia, Adans. Flow- rated ; stipulas somewhat falcate ; racemes few-flowered, termi-
ers about the size of a myrtle, with the calyx purple outside, and nal. h.S. Native of the islands of Santa Cruz and Cuba. Calyx
white within, with yellow anthers. The specific name is derived 3-4-sepalled. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 69. t. 64. Lindl. bot. reg. t.
from Oauvos, a shrub.
972. P. acùta, Moc. et Sesse, fi. mex. icon. ined. ? but the
Shrubby Lätia. Clt. ? Shrub 8 feet.
leaves are narrower. Flowers yellow.
5 L. PARVIFLORA (Spreng, syst. 2. p. 609.) leaves obovate- Var. B, cordàta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 260.) leaves cordate ;
oblong, rather villous on both surfaces ; panicles axillary, to- calyx 4-5-sepalled; stipulas linear. h. S. Native of the
mentose; flowers glomerate. h.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers island of Santa-Cruz. Lam. ill. 465. f. 1.-P. subcordàta,
small, white.
Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers yellow.
Small-flowered Lætia. Shrub 8 feet.
Santa-Cruz Prockia. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 5 feet.
2 P. SEPTENNE'Rvia (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 609.) leaves cordate-
.
** Flowers complete, that is to say, with both petals and sepals. oblong, acuminated, serrated, pubescent beneath, 7-nerved; sti-
pulas semi-cordate; racemes lateral, usually 8-flowered, pilose.
6 L. COMPLE'TA (Jacq. amer. 167. t. 183. f. 60.) flowers 5- h. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow
petalled ; leaves ovate, obtuse, serrated, wrinkled, glabrous. Seven-nerved-leaved Prockia. Shrub 5 feet.
Native of Carthagena, in woods. Flowers white? 3 P. DELTOÌDES (Lam. ill. t. 465. f. 3.) leaves roundish-del-
Berry yellowish-red, slightly triangular.
toid, crenately subsinuated; pedicels axillary, generally in pairs.
Complete-flowered Lätia. Fl. Ju. July. Shrub 10 feet. h.s. Native of the Mauritius and Madagascar.
Deltoid-leaved Prockia. Shrub 4 feet.
+ Species, the flowers of which are not sufficiently known.
Sect. II. Apulo'la D. C. prod. 1. p. 261. Lightfoòtia,
7 L. HIRTE'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 355.) Swz. prod. 83. but not of Lher. Style wanting, or scarcely
branchlets hairy, as well as the leaves on the under surface, on evident. Stigma broad, somewhat orbicular, flattish.
the nerves, and veins, oblong, sharply denticulated; peduncles 1- 4 P. SERRATA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1213.) leaves oblong-ovate,
fruited. h. S. Native near Cumana. Flowers not seen. serrated, acuminated ; peduncles lateral, aggregate, 1-flowered.
Hairy Lætia. Shrub 8 feet.
h. S. Native of the island of Montserrat. Flowers yellow.
8 L. GUAZUMÆFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branchlets clothed Serrated-leaved Prockia. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 feet.
with rusty tomentum ; leaves oblong, bluntish, obsoletely-denti- 5 P. INTEGRIFÒLIA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1214.) leaves somewhat
culated, hairy on the under surface, particularly on the nerves leathery, oval or obovate, entire or a little toothed, obtuse, or
and veins; peduncles dichotomous, many-flowered ? ħ.s. Na- somewhat emarginate ; peduncles 1 or 4 together, axillary 1-
tive of New Andalusia, near Bordones. Flowers white, with flowered. N.S. Native of the Mauritius. Lightfoòtia inte-
yellow anthers.
grifolia, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 70. Flowers yellow.
Gua zuma-leaved Lætia Tree 30 feet.
Var. B, ovàta (Poir. dict. 5. p. 626.) flowers almost disposed
Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam, in little axillary umbels. h. S. Lam. ill. t. 465. f. 2.
peat, and sand; and cuttings planted in sand, under a hand-glass, Entire-leaved Prockia. Shrub 6 feet.
and placed in a moderate heat, will root readily.
6. P. THEÆFO'rmis (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1214.) leaves rather
membranous, elliptical-lanceolate, bluntly serrated, somewhat
VI. HASSE'LTIA (Van Hasselt, a naturalist, sent by the revolute on the margin at the base, and running into the petiolė;
Dutch government to Java.) H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. pedicels 1 to 3, axillary 1-flowered. h.S. Native of the island
7. p. 236. t. 651.
of Bourbon. Lightfoòtia theæfórmis, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 69.
Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Ludia heterophylla, Bory. voy. 2. p. 115. t. 24. lower figure.
Anthers 2-celled. Glands 8, perigynous. Style 1. Fruit almost glo- Flowers yellow.
bose, 1-2-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. A tree with oblong, toothed, Var. f, laciniata (Poir. dict. 5. p. 627.) leaves pinnatifid;
5-nerved leaves, with two glands at the base, without stipulas, lobes mucronate, entire, or toothed. h. S. Lūdia heterophylla,
and umbellate terminal cymes of flowers. Flowers small, with Bory. voy. 2. t. 24. upper figure.
a white calyx.
Tea-formed Prockia. Clt. 1822. Shrub 12 feet.
1 H. FLORIBU'NDA (H. B. 1. c.) ñ. S.
h. S. Native of South
America, at the river Magdalena.
Bundle-flowered Hasseltia. Tree 40 feet.
Species not sufficiently known.
Cult. For the cultivation and propagation of this tree, see 7 P. LOBA'TA (Poir. dict 5. p. 627.) leaves ovate, acuminate,
Віха.
serrated ; peduncles axillary, racemose, 3-5-flowered ; stigma
almost sessile, 5-lobed.
h.s.
Native country unknown.
VII. PROʻCKIA (a name of unknown meaning.) Browne in Lítsea, Lam. ill. 834. Flowers yellow.
Lin. gen. no. 674. Lam. dict. p. 625. ill. t. 465. D. C. prod. Lobed-stigmaed Prockia. Shrub 6 feet.
1. p. 260.
8 P. MACROSTA'CHYA (Moc. et Sesse, Al. mex. icon. ined. et
Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, 3-5- D. C. prod. 1. p. 261.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated,
parted ; lobes roundish, unequal. Petals none. Stamens nu- quite entire ; racemes terminal, elongated, naked; calyx 4-part-
merous, inserted in the disk; anthers roundish. Ovary one,
;
ed, obtuse; fruit 1-seeded. h. S. Native of Mexico. A
roundish. Stigma entire. Berry rather dry, 4-6-seeded, round- genus probably removed from its proper order. Stamens 12,
ish, smooth. Shrubs with the habit of Grèmia, from America hypogynous. Style very short ; stigma orbicular.
or the Mauritius, with alternate, entire, or toothed leaves. Flow- Large-spiked Prockia. Shrub.
ers yellow, sometimes unisexual from abortion.
9 P. RACEMÒSA (Hort. Lecchi. ex Schlecht. Linnæa, 4. p. 34.)
stem and branches scandent, tendrilled at the top ; leaves alter-
Sect. I. ProcKIA'RIA (see genus.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 260. nate, oblong-ovate, acuminated, toothed. h. v. s.
S. Native of ?
Style filiform. Stigma blunt, or acutish.
Racemose Prockia. Shrub cl.
1 P. CRUCIS (Lin. spec. 745.) leaves ovate, acuminated, ser- Cult. These shrubs thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand,
.
.

BIXINEÆ. VIII. LUDIA. IX. AZARA.
297
X. KUHLIA. CISTINEÆ.
a
ܪܬ
a
.
and peat; and ripened cuttings will root freely, if planted in 3 A. DENTA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. 1. c. and fl. per. 5. t. 465. a.)
sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. leaves in pairs, toothed, the larger one elliptical, the smaller one
roundish; flowers umbellate. ħ. G. Native in groves at Con-
VIII. LU'DIA (from ludo, to sport; because of the leaves ception in Chili.
of L. heterophylla sporting into different forms.) Lam. dict. 3. Toothed-leaved Azara. Shrub 5 feet.
p. 612. ill. t. 466. D. C. prod. 1. p. 261.
.
Cult. None of these shrubs have as yet been introduced to
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, 5-7- the gardens; but should they ever be we would recommend their
parted ; lobes oval
. Petals wanting. Stamens numerous, in- being grown in loam and sand ; and ripened cuttings will root, if
.
serted in the disk ; anthers roundish. Ovary one, ovate. Style planted in sand, placed under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
filiform. Stigma trifid, rarely quadrifid. Berry dry, globose,
pointed by the style, 6-8-seeded. Shrubs from the Mauritius, X. KU'HLIA (in honour of Henry Kuhl, a collector of Na-
with lateral, almost sessile flowers, and the leaves are often of tural History, sent by the Dutch government to Java, with Has-
various forms on the same plant, whence the name.
selt.) H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 7. p. 236. t. 652.
1 L. HETEROPHY'LLA (Lam. 1. c. t. 463. f. 1 and 2.) leaves
LIN. SYST. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate,
obovate, shining, veiny, those of the young plants small and spi- 6-8-cleft, closed, permanent, inner segments largest. Corolla
nosely-toothed; those of the adult ones larger, and quite entire ; wanting. Anthers 2-celled. Stigma obtuse. Fruit 1-celled,
pedicels axillary, solitary. h. S. Native of the Mauritius,
ħ. S. Native of the Mauritius, many-seeded. Trees with oblong serrated leaves, and panicles
where it is called Bois sans ecorse. Ludia Mauritiana, Raeusch. of flowers.
from Steud. nom. Flowers yellow.
1 K. GLAU’CA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 7. p. t.
Variable-leaved Ludia. Fi. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 5 ft. 652.) leaves dimidiate at the base, oblong, acutish, remotely
2 L. MYRTIFÒLIA (Lam. 1. c. t. 466. f. 3.) leaves ovate, serrated, glaucous beneath; flowers in fascicled-panicles. .
quite entire, veiny ; pedicels axillary, solitary; style incurved. S. Native of New Granada. Flowers white.
Þ.S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers with white
Glaucous-leaved Kuhlia. Tree 20 feet.
sepals and yellow anthers.
2 K. ULMIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 653.) leaves dimi-
Myrtle-leaved Ludia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Shrub 5 feet.
diate at the base, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, grossly serrated,
3 L. SESSILIFLORA (Lam. l. c.)
green on both surfaces ; flowers in panicles. h. s. Native of
leaves ovate-oblong, acutish;
FIG. 59.
the Alps of Popaya, in South America. Flowers white.
flowers axillary, almost sessile
Elm-leaved Kuhlia. Tree 20 feet.
style straight. n. S. Native of
Cult. For the cultivation and propagation of this genus see
the Mauritius. Ludia tubercu-
Ludia.
làta, Jacq. hort. Schoenbr. 1. t.
112. Ovary 1-celled ; ovulæ 6,
ORDER XX. CISTI'NEÆ (plants agreeing with Cistus in
adhering by pairs to the 3-parietal
placentas. Flowers with a whit-
many important characters.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 263. Císti, Juss.
ish calyx and stamens, and yellow
gen. 294. and Cistoìdeæ, Vent. tabl. 3. p. 219, exclusive of the
anthers (f. 59.).
allied
genera.-- Císti, D. C. A. fr. 4. p. 811. .
Sessile-flowered Ludia. Fl. Jul.
Calyx of 5 permanent sepals (f. 60. a.), which are conti-
Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 12 feet.
nuous with the pedicel, they are usually unequal; the 2 exterior
. Cult. These shrubs will thrive
well in a mixture of loam, sand
ones are usually much smaller than the others, and even some-
and peat ; and ripened cuttings
times almost wanting, the three inner ones are twisted when
will root freely if planted in sand
in the bud. Petals 5 (f. 60. b.), caducous, equal, twisted be-
and placed under a hand-glass, in
fore expansion, but in a contrary direction to the sepals. Sta-
heat.
mens usually indefinite, hypogynous, erect, free; anthers ovate,
IX.
f
AZA'RA (in honour of Joseph Nicholas Azara, a Spa- 2-celled, and 2-chinked, inserted by the base. Ovary free (f
.
nish
promoter of science, but botany in particular.) Ruiz, et Pav.
60. d. Style one, filiform, crowned by a simple stigm a.
fl. per. prod. 76. t. 36. syst. p. 137. D. C. prod. 1. p. 262. Capsule constantly of 3-5 but rarely of 10 valves, sometimes
LIN. Syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-6-parted. Pe-bearing in the middle of each valve a longitudinal placentari-
tals wanting. Stamens numerous ; filaments filiform, free, and
are, as well as many capillary threads, rising from the torus.
ous nerve, and hence the capsule is 1-celled, sometimes these
Anthers 2-celled. Style awl-shaped. Stigma blunt. Berry
middle nerves jut out more or less into dissepiments, therefore,
pointed with the style, 1-celled, many-seeded. Placentas 3, pa-
in this case, the capsule is completely or incompletely many-
rietal. Shrubs from Chili, with twin, unequal leaves, which are
celled. The seeds are therefore either truly parietal, but some-
bitter to the taste. Flowers small, fragrant, yellow or white. times contiguous to the parietal placenta, or fixed to the inner
1 A. SERRA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. I. c. and Al. per. 5. t. 465. b.) angle of the dissepiment, when there is any ; they are very nu-
A.
leaves by pairs, serrated, the larger one lanceolate, the smaller
one roundish ; corymbs terminal, many-flowered. h. G. Na-
merous and small. Albumen mealy. Embryo spiral or curved
tive of Chili, in groves, where it is called Corcolen. Shrub with
within the albumen. Shrubs or herbs, with simple, feather-nerved,
a globose tufted head.
entire or toothed leaves, the first ones always opposite, the rest
Serrated-leaved Azara. Shrub 10 feet.
2 A. INTEGRIFÒLIA (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. p. 138. fl. per. 5. t.
usually opposite, but sometimes alternate, sometimes naked at the
t.
466.) leaves in pairs, quite entire, the larger one obovate, the
base, but usually furnished with twin leafy stipulas. Racemes gene-
smaller one roundish ; flowers disposed in drooping spikes.' h. rally with the pedicels all to one side and expanding successively
.
G. Native in groves at Conception in Chili.
from the base; the raceme where the flowers are unexpand-
Entire-leaved Azara. Fl. Jul. Aug. Tree 18 feet.
ed is bent or twisted back in the manner of scorpion-grass.
VOL.I.PART. IV.
Qq

298
CISTINEÆ. I. Cistus.
a
а
.
-
A.
ħ
Flowers resembling the Rose ; petals very fugacious, usually sheathing ; peduncles 1-2 or 3 together. ħ. F. Native of the
lasting only for a day; they are yellow, white, rose, and purple, Levant. Petals reddish-purple, marked at the base with a dark
with the claws usually of a different colour from the limbs. The purple spot, imbricate. Flower-bud large. Ker. bot. mag. t.
408. Sweet, cist. t. 17.
branches are usually covered with clammy gluten.
Purple-flowered Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? Sh. 2 feet.
This order is nearly allied to Violarièæ, but differs from it in the 2 C. HETEROPHY'LLUS (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 411. t. 104.) leaves
.
flowers being always regular, and in the stamens being indefinite. ovate-lanceolate, on short footstalks which are sheathing at the
It differs from Bixineæ in the petals being always present, in the
base; margins revolute; peduncles hairy, leafy, 1-flowered,
different æstivation of the petals
, as well as in the albumen being dry hills. Corolla large, red, yellow at the base. Petals imbricate.
,
1-3 together. h. F. Sweet, cist. t. 6. Native of Algiers, on
mealy, and in the leaves never being furnished with pellucid dry hills, Corolla large, red, yellow at the base. Petals imbricate.
Variable-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt.? Shrub 2 feet.
dots. The common Rock-Rose gives a good idea of this order. 3 C. PARVIFLOʻRUS (Lam, dict. 2. p. 14.) leaves ovate, acute,
The plants are all very ornamental, and are particularly well cal- somewhat tomentose, drawn out into the footstalks at the base,
culated for ornamenting rock-work or dry banks. The seeds of and somewhat connate; peduncles 1 or 3 together, almost ter-
minal. h. F. Native of Crete. Sweet, cist. t. 14. Smith, ,
all retain their vegetative power for years, therefore they are
græc. t. 495. Corolla small, purplish. Petals distinct.
easily introduced in a living state from any part of the world.
Small-flowered Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? Shrub 3 feet.
The
gum called Ladanum is the produce of a species of Cistus, . 4 C. COMPLICA'TUS (Lam. dict. 2. p. 14.) leaves roundish-
it exhales a fragrant perfume when burnt, and possesses highly ovate, bluntish, approximate, clothed with white tomentum, under
tonic and stomachic properties.
surface reticulated ; footstalks dilated at the base, with pilose
margins, channelled above and sheathing at the base ; peduncles
Synopsis of the Genera.
short, 1-flowered, 3 or 4 together, somewhat terminal. h. F.
1 Cístus. Calyx of 5 sepals, 2 outer ones unequal or ab-
Native of the Levant; also of the mountains of Valentia, in Spain.
Flowers small, rose-coloured, or purplish.
sent. Capsule covered by the calyx, 10-5-celled, from bearing a
Complicated Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. 3 feet.
dissepiment in the middle of each valve.
5 C. VILLO'sus (Lam. dict. 2. p. 12.) leaves roundish-ovate,
2 HELIA'NTHEMUM. Calyx of 3 equal sepals or of 5 unequal wrinkled, tomentose and hairy, stalked ; footstalks furrowed,
sepals. Capsule triquetrous, 1-celled, 3-valved, with a narrow connate at the base; peduncles 1-flowered, 1 or 3 together; se-
dissepiment, or a placentarious nerve in the middle of each valve.
pals villous. h. F. Native of Italy, Spain, and Barbary.
Cístus pilòsus, Lin. spec. 737. Duh. arb. 1. p. 67. t. 64. Petals
3 Hudso'nia. Calyx of 5 equal sepals. Capsule 1-celled, large, reddish-purple, spreading, imbricate at the base.
3-valved, 1-3-seeded.
Villous Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1640. Sh. 3 feet.
4 LE'CHEA. Calyx of 3 sepals, guarded by 2 bracteas. Pe.. 6 C. ROTUNDIFO'lius (Sweet, cist. t. 75.) leaves roundish-
tals 3.
Capsule 3-valved, with a nerve or narrow dissepimentovate, obtuse, flat, wrinkled, reticulately veined, clothed on both
in the middle of each valve.
surfaces with fascicled hairs; petioles furrowed, somewhat
sheathing at the base; peduncles very hairy, rather cymose;
I. CI'STUS (KLOTOS in Greek is derived from klotn, kiste, a
sepals cordate, acute, pilose ; petals imbricate. h. F. Native
box or capsule ; because of the remarkable shape of the cap-
of the south of Europe. Cístus villosus, B, viréscens, D. C.
sules.) Tourn. inst. 259. t. 136. Gært. fr. t. 76. D. C. fl. fr.
prod. 1. p. 264. ?-Barrel. icon. 1315. Petals purple, with a
4. p. 811. prod. 1. p. 263.—Císti, spec. Lin.
.
.
yellow mark at the base of each.
LIN. SYST.
Sh.
Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals;
Round-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1640.
sepals disposed in a double series, 2 outer ones unequal, some-
1 foot.
times wanting. Petals 5, equal, somewhat cuneated, caducous.
7 C. CRE'TICUS (Lin. spec. 1. p. 738.) leaves spatulate-ovate,
Stamens numerous, usually exserted from the glandular disk.
tomentosely-hairy, wrinkled, drawn out along the short footstalk,
Style filiform. Stigma capitate. Capsule covered by the calyx,
waved on the margin ; peduncles 1-flowered ; sepals villous.
5 or 10 valved, with a seminiferous partition in the middle of each
h ħ. F. Native of Crete and Syria. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 95.
valve, therefore 5 or 10 celled. Seeds ovate, angular. Embryo Sweet, cist, t. 63. Smith, fl
. græc. 495.-Buxb. cent. 3.
, .
.
p.
34.
filiform, spiral. Elegant, erect shrubs or sub-shrubs, with
t. 64. f. 1. Petals purple, yellow at the base, imbricate.
Opp0-
site, exstipulate, entire, or somewhat toothed leaves, and axillary, Sepals acuminate. Capsule pilose, round.
1 or many-flowered peduncles. Flowers large, beautiful, resem-
Var. B, crispàtus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 264.) leaves waved or
bling a single Rose, red or white.
curled. Flowers purple.
Var. 7, Taúricus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 264.) leaves flat, very
Sect. I. ERYTHROCI'STUS (from epvopos, erythros, red, and villous on the under surface, as well as sepals. ħ. F. Native
KLOTOS, cistus; because the flowers of all the species in this sec- of Tauria. Cístus Créticus, Bieb. Flowers purple.
tion are red or purple.) D. C. prod 1. p. 264.
264. Outer sepals
Cretan Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. July, Clt. 1731. Shrub 2 feet.
narrowest, and usually smallest, inner ones concave at the base,
8 C. INCA'NUS (Lin. spec. 737.) leaves spathulate, tomentose,
with scarious margins. Petals rose-coloured, red or purple, wrinkled, somewhat 3-nerved, sessile, somewhat connate at the
-
,
with a yellow spot at the base of each. Capsule 5-celled, from base, upper ones narrower ; peduncles 1-3-flowered.
having 5 seminiferous partitions, one in the middle of each Native of Spain, and France about Narbonne. Curt. bot. mag. .
valve.
t. 43. Smith, Al. græc. 494. Petals emarginate, reddish-purple,
* §. 1. Peduncles 1-flowered, axillary or terminal, solitary or
imbricate.
umbellate. Style cylindrical, generally longer than the stamens.
Hoary Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1596. Shrub 3 feet.
Stigma capitate, 5-furrowed.
9 C. CANE'SCENS (Sweet, cist. t. 45.) leaves oblong-linear, blunt-
ish, tomentose, hoary, waved, rather 3-nerved, sessile, somewhat
1 C. PURPU'REUS (Lam. dict. 2. p. 14.) leaves oblong-lanceo- connate at the base; peduncles terminal, 1-flowered, or some-
late, acuminated at both ends, wrinkled ; footstalks short, hairy, what cymose ; sepals ovate, acute, nerved, clothed with starry
.
h. F.
1

CISTINEÆ. I. Cistus.
299
;
,
W
Com
pubescence ; petals obovate, distinct. h. F. Native of the to a tree that produces a substance like ladanum, which is sup-
south of Europe. Petals crenulated, of a darkish-purple, tinged posed to be Cístus Lèdon.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 265. Sepals 5,
p
5
with blue and with a yellow spot at the base of each. Cístus. Mas. 2 outer ones largest, and very much pointed, or wanting. Petals
Clus. hist. p. 69. icon. C. incànus ß, D. C. prod. 1. p. 264. white or whitish, with a yellow or purple mark at the base of each.
Canescent-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Sh. 2 ft. Stamens numerous, longer than the pistil. Stigma almost sessile,
10 C. UNDULA'TUS (Dun. ined. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 264.) large, capitate. Capsules 5 or 10-celled, from being furnished
leaves sessile, linear-oblong, acute, with waved margins, 3- with 5 or 10 seminiferous partitions, one in the middle of each
nerved at the base ; peduncles solitary, each furnished with a valve. Shrubs or sub-shrubs. Leaves usually covered with
bractea; sepals taper-pointed, villous. h. F. Native? Flowers clammy gluten.
purple, with a yellow mark at the base of each petal. Perhaps
only a cultivated variety of Cistus crispus.
§ 1. Peduncles 1-flowered, or many-flowered, cymose. Sepals
Waved-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub 2 ft. 5, outer ones usually cordate at the base, and pointed at the apex.
11 C. CRI'SPUS (Lin. spec. 738.) leaves sessile, linear-lanceo- Capsules 5-celled.
late, undulately-curled, 3-nerved, wrinkled, pubescent; flowers
Peduncles naked at the base, usually bearing beneath their
almost sessile, 3 or 4 together, somewhat umbellate.
h. F.
middle two opposite small leaves.
Native of the south of France, Spain, and Portugal. Cav, icon.
2. p. 57. t. 174. Sweet, cist. 22. Petals purple.
18 C. SALVIFÒLIUS (Lin. spec.
FIG. 60.
Curled-leaved Rock-Rose. F1.Ju. Aug. Clt. 1656. Shrub 2 ft. 738.) leaves stalked, ovate, obtuse,
12 C. A'LBIDUS (Lin. spec. 737.) leaves sessile, oblong- wrinkled, under surface tomen-
elliptical, hoary-tomentose, somewhat 3-nerved; flowers 3 or 8, tose ; peduncles long, white from
terminal, somewhat umbellate ; outer sepals largest. h. F. tomentum, 1-flowered, articulated
Native of France about Narbonne, Spain, and Portugal. Petals above, solitary or tern. Þ.H. Na-
ъ
pale-purple, yellow at the base, imbricate.
tive of Switzerland, south of France,
White-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1640. Shrub 2 ft. Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal.
13 C. CANDIDI'SSIMUS (Dun. ined. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 264.) Cav. icon. 2. p. 31. t. 137. Jacq.
leaves ovate-elliptical, acute, densely clothed with hoary tomen- coll. 2. p. 120. t. 8. Sweet, cist.
tum, 3-nerved; footstalks short and sheathing at the base, with 54. Smith, fl. græc. t. 497. Cístus
pilose margins ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, shorter than the fémina, Clus. hist. 1. p. 70. icon.
leaves ; outer sepals one-half shorter than the rest. ħ. F. Flowers middle-sized, white. (f.60.)
Native of the Grand Canary Island in elevated pine forests. Var. a, erectiúsculus (D.C. prod.
Flowers pale rose-coloured. Petals distinct. Sweet, cist. t. 3. 1. p. 265.) stem erectish.
a
Whitest-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1817. Sh. 4 ft. Var. B, ochroleùcus (D.C. prod.
14 C. VAGINA'TUS (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 304.) leaves lanceolate, l. c.) flowers cream-coloured.
)
acute, 3-nerved, hairy, under surface reticulated; footstalks fur- Sage-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju.
rowed, dilated, and sheathing at the base, with pilose margins ; Aug. Clt. 1548.
Aug. Clt. 1548. Shrub 2 feet.
peduncles 3-flowered, axillary or terminal, long, bracteate at 19 C. OBTUSIFOLIUS (Sweet, cist. t. 42.) leaves almost sessile,
the base. H.F. Native of the island of Teneriffe. Jacq. hort. tapering to the base, ovate-oblong, obtuse, wrinkled, clothed
Schonbr. 3. p. 17. t. 282. Sweet, cist. 9. Cistus symphyti- with starry pubescence; margins somewhat denticulated; pe-
fòlius, Lam. dict. 2. p. 15. Corolla yellowish at the base, the duncles terminal, cymose, many-flowered ; outer sepals broadly-
rest pale-purple. Petals imbricate.
cordate, acute; petals obcordate, imbricated. h. F. Native
Sheathed-petioled Rock-Rose. Fl. April. June. Clt. 1779. of Crete. Petals white, with a yellow spot at the base of each.
Shrub 2 feet.
Obtuse-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? Sh.1 to lz ft.
15 C. SERI'CEUS (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 37.) leaves ovate, tomen-
20 C. CUPANIA'NUS (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append. p. 206.)
tose, 3-nerved, lower ones on footstalks, upper ones sessile ; stem erect ; leaves stalked, cordate-ovate, acute, wrinkled,
peduncles hairy. h. F. Native of Spain.-Barrel. icon. 1315. reticulately-veined, upper surface scabrous, under surface co-
Hairs of the peduncles long, purplish. Petals and filaments vered with fascicled hairs, margin fringed; peduncles pilose, 2-
purple.
Anthers yellow.
3-flowered ; sepals villous, acuminated; petals imbricated. h.
Silky-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. Shrub 3 ft. F. Native of Sicily. Flowers white, with a spot of yellow at
16 C. HY'BRIDUS (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 37.) leaves ovate, hoary, the base of each petal. Sweet, cist. t. 70.
on footstalks; branches beset with yellow scales ; peduncles Cupani's Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. ? Shrub 2 feet.
elongated, subracemose, hairy; outer sepals caducous. ħ. F.
ħ. F.21 C. ACUTIFÒLIUS (Sweet, cist. t. 78.) leaves cordate-ovate,
Native of Spain. Petals purple.
3-nerved, reticulately-veined, pubescent on both surfaces ;
Hybrid Rock-Rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 3 feet.
branches twiggy, diffuse, rather prostrate; peduncles tomentose,
generally 3-flowered; sepals cordate, acute, shining, rather
$ 2. Peduncles cymose. Style almost wanting. Stigma capi- pilose, ciliated ; petals obcordate, imbricated at the base.ş. H.
tate, shorter than the stamens.
Native — ? Petals white, yellow at the bottom. C. salvifò-
17 C. CYMÒsus (Dunal, ined. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 265.) leaves lius ß, humifùsus, D. C. prod. 1. p. 265.
.
broad-ovate, twisted at the top, acutish, under surface wrinkled Acute-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1548. Sh.
and hoary; footstalks dilated at the base, and somewhat sheath- rather procumbent.
ing, furrowed above ; peduncles cymose, 5-10-flowered, hoary, 22 Ĉ. CORBARIE'NSIS (Pourr. in herb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 265.)
axillary or terminal. . F.
ħ. F. Native of ?—formerly cultivated leaves stalked, somewhat cordate, ovate, acuminated, with
in the garden of Cels, under the name of Cistus incànus. Petals fringed margins, wrinkled on both surfaces and very glutinous ;
purple, with a yellow mark at the base of each.
peduncles long, 1-5-flowered. h. H.
h. H. Native of the south of
Cymose-flowered Rock-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub 3 feet. France on the mountains called Les Corbieres, and in Spain.
Sweet, cist. 8. C. hybridus, Pourr. chlor. narb. p. 36. not of Vahl.
Sect. II. LEDÒNIA (Andov, ledon, a name given by Dioscorides C. salvifolius ß, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 813. Petals white, imbricate.
-
Qq 2

300
CISTINEÆ. I. Cistus.
亲亲
​Corbiere Rock-Rose. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1656. Shrub 24 ft. Oblong-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? Sh. 4 feet.
23 C. FLORENTI'NUS (Lam. dict. 2. p. 17.) leaves narrow-lan- 32 C. ASPERIFO'LIUS (Sweet, cist. t. 87.) leaves almost sessile,
ceolate, wrinkled, reticulated on the under surface, almost ses- ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, wrinkled, smoothish, with
sile; peduncles villous, generally 3-flowered. h. H. Native wavy margins, somewhat denticulated, ciliated, netted with veins
of Italy. Sweet, cist. t. 59. Petals white, yellow at the base, beneath, with the nerves and veins rough ; flowers cymose ; pe-
imbricate. Sepals acuminate.
duncles and calyxes hairy; petals imbricate. h. H. Native of?
Florentine Rock-Rose. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1825. Shrub 3 ft. Petals white, yellow at the base, and tinged with red at the top.
24 C. MONSPELIE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 737.) leaves linear-lanceo- Rough-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? Sh. 2 feet.
late, sessile, 3-nerved, clammy, villous on both surfaces; pedun- 33 C. PSILOSE'PALUS (Sweet, cist. t. 33.) leaves on short foot-
cles pilose cymose, somewhat secund. h.H. Native of the south stalks, oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, acute, with undulated mar-
of France, Spain, and Portugal. Lam. ill. t. 477. f. 4. Cav. icon. gins, which are somewhat denticulated and ciliated, rather hairy;
. .
2. t. 137. Jacq. coll. 2. t. 8. Sweet, cist. t. 27. Smith, fl.
græc.
flowers somewhat cymose; peduncles hairy-tomentose ; sepals
t. 493. Flowers middle-sized, white. Petals imbricate, crenate. with long points, glabrous, shining, with ciliated edges ; petals
Montpelier Rock-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1656. Shrub 4 ft. broad-cuneated, imbricated. ñ. H. Native ? Petals white,
25 C. PLATYSE'PALUS (Sweet, cist. t. 47.) leaves oblong-lan- with a yellow mark at the base of each.
ceolate, sessile, wrinkled, 3-nerved, villous on both surfaces; Smooth-sepalled Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt.? Sh. 2 or 3 ft.
peduncles cymose, and are as well as the calyxes villous ; sepals
* * Peduncles with small, concave, coriaceous, yellowish, de-
acuminated, outer ones broadly-cordate; petals obcordate, dis-
cussate, caducous bracteoles at the base ; and with two larger
tinct. h. F. Native of Crete. Petals white, with a yellow opposite ones beneath the middle.
spot at the base of each.
Broad-sepalled Rock-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. — ? Shrub 34 C. LONGIFOLIUS (Lam. dict. 2. p. 16.) leaves on short
3 or 4 feet.
footstalks, oblong-lanceolate, with waved and pubescent mar-
26 C. LE'don (Lam. dict. 2. p. 17.) leaves connate, oblong- gins, under surface veiny ; peduncles cymose. h. H. Native
lanceolate, nerved, upper surface smooth shining, under surface of Spain and south of France, about Narbonne.
Cístus nígri-
silky villous; flowers corymbosely-cymose ; peduncles and cans, Pourr. act. toul. 3. p. 311. Flowers white, with a yellow
calyx clothed with silky villi. h. H. Native of the south of mark at the base of each petal.
France. Duh. arb. 1. p. 168. t. 66. Petals white, with a Long-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt.? Shrub 4 feet.
yellow mark at the base of each. C. undulatus, Link?
35 Č. POPULITO'LIUS (Lin. spec. 736.) leaves stalked, cor-
Ledon Rock-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1730. Shrub 1 foot. date, acuminate, wrinkled, smooth ; flowers cymose ; peduncles
27 C. HIRSUTUS (Lam. dict. 2. p. 17.) leaves sessile, oblong, bracteate ; bracteas oblong ; sepals acuminate, clammy. . H.
blunt, hairy ; peduncles short, 1-flowered, or cymose many-
,
Flowers white. Petals distinct.
flowered; capsules small, covered by the large, hairy, pyramidal Var. B, minor (D. C. prod. 1. c.) peduncles and calyx smooth-
calyx. h. H. Native of France near Landerneau, and on ish, shining, clammy. h. H. Native of the south of France,
the mountains of Spain. Sweet, cist. 19. Lèdon IV. Clus. Spain, and Portugal. Lèdon latifolium, 2 Clus. hist. 1. p. 78.
hist. 1. p. 78. Petals white, with a yellow mark at the base of Cístus populifolius, Cav. icon. 3. t. 215. Sweet, cist. t. 23.
each, imbricate.
Poplar-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1656. Sh. 3 ft.
Hairy Rock-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1656. Shrub 2 feet. 36 C. LATIFOLIUS (Sweet, cist. 15.) leaves stalked, broad,
28 C. SIDERI'TIS (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append. p. 204.) cordate, acute, with curled, waved, denticulated, ciliated mar-
decumbent; leaves stalked, obovate, a little wrinkled, covered gins; peduncles bracteate, long, somewhat cymose, pilose ; sepals
with hoary tomentum on the under surface; peduncles elongated, broad-cordate, villous ; petals imbricated. h. F. Native of
1-2-flowered, articulated above, and are as well as the calyx Barbary. Cístus populifolius, var. a, màjor, D. C. prod. 1. p.
,
tomentose; flowers nodding before expansion. h. H. Native 266. Petals white, with a yellow spot at the base of each.
of Sicily. Flowers white.
Broad-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1656. Sh. 3 ft.
Sideritis-like Rock-Rose, Fl. June, Aug. Shrub decumbent.
29 C. LAʼxus (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 305.) leaves on short
$. 2. Peduncles bracteate ; bracteas caducous, decussate, lower
footstalks, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, with wavy, somewhat
ones smaller, 1-flowered, axillary solitary, or terminal umbel-
toothed margins, smoothish, upper ones hairy; flowers cymose ;
late. Calyx of 3-sepals. Capsules 5-10-celled.
peduncles and calyx hairy. h. H. Native of Spain and Por-
Stigma large, sessile.
tugal. Sweet, cist. 12. Cístus Capensis, Lin. spec. 736. ? from
Burm. herb. Flowers white, with a yellow spot at the base of 37 C. LAURIFO'lius (Lin. spec. 736.) leaves stalked, ovate-
each petal. Petals imbricate.
lanceolate, 3-nerved, upper surface glabrous, under surface to-
Lax-flowered Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1656. Sh. 3 feet. mentose ; footstalks dilated and connate at the base ; capsules
30 C. PARVIFO'LIUS (Sweet, cist. p. 8.) stem erect, much 5-celled. h. H. Native of the south of France and Spain.
branched; branches rather crowded, erect, densely woolly; Sweet, cist. t. 52.-Clus. hist. 1. p. 78. f. 1.
;
t. Flowers white,
leaves small, ovate, acute, rounded at the base, waved, wrinkled, with a yellow mark at the base of each petal.
netted with veins, slightly crenulated on the margins, hairy on Laurel-leaved Gum-Cistus. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1731. Sh. 4 ft.
both surfaces, rather hoary; peduncles axillary, 1-3-flowered, 38 C. Cy'prius (Lam. dict. 2. p. 16.) leaves stalked, oblong-
nodding before expansion ; sepals acuminated, and clothed with lanceolate, upper surface glabrous, under surface clothed with
stellate hairs. h. H. Native of the south of Europe. Flowers hoary tomentum ; peduncles generally many-flowered ; petals
white.
spotted ; capsules 5-celled. ñ. H. Native of the island of
Small-leaved Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. ? Sh. 2 feet. Cyprus. Sweet, cist. 39. C. ladaníferus, Sims, bot. mag. t. 112.
31 C. OBLONGIFOLIUS (Sweet, cist. t. 67.) erect ; branches Perhaps Cístus stenophyllus, Link enum. 2. p. 74.? Flowers
hispid-villous ; leaves on short footstalks, oblong-lanceolate, ob- white, with a dark spot at the base of each petal. Petals im-
tuse, pubescent and waved at the margins, under surface veiny; bricate.
peduncles cymose ; petals concave, imbricated. h. H. Native Cyprus Gum-Cistus or Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1800.
of Spain.? Petals white, with a yellow spot at the base of each. Shrub 4 feet.
.
-
.
а

CISTINEÆ. I. Cistus. II. HELIANTHEMUM.
301
a
a
a
39 C. LADANÍFERUS (Lin. spec. 737.) leaves almost sessile, in the spring. They may be either increased by seeds or layers,
connate at the base, linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, upper surface or by ripened cuttings, taken off in July or August, which if
glabrous, under surface tomentose; capsule 10-celled. h. F. planted thinly under a hand-glass will root readily.
Native of Spain and Portugal, on hills. Petals imbricate.
Var. a, albiflorus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 266.) petals white, yellow
II. HELIA'NTHEMUM (from ndios, helios, the sun, and
at the base. Sweet, cist. t. 84. Lèdon. I. Clus. hist. 1. p. 78.
av Jos, anthos, a flower ; because the flowers open with the rising
icon.
of the sun in the morning, and the petals fall off with the setting of
Var.
Y maculàtus (D. C. prod. 1. c.) petals white, each marked
the sun in the evening. The flowers of Helianthemum, as well
near the base with a dark blood-coloured spot. Sweet, cist. t. 1.
as Cístus, only last for a few hours while the sun shines; but if
C. ladaníferus ß, planifòlius, Ait. hort. kew. 3. p.
305.
the weather is dull, and the sun does not make its appearance, the
The Cistus ladaníferus and Lèdon produce the gum Ladanum,
flowers do not open, but will remain unexpanded. Should this
but not in such quantities as C. Créticus. The resin which is
secreted from the leaves and other parts of the shrub is scraped Tourn. inst. 248. t. 128. Gært. fr. 1. p. 371. t. 76. D. C.
continue for several days together, they will decay in the bud.)
off by means of a kind of rake, called in Candia, Ergatiri, to
fl. fr. 4. p. 815. prod. 1. p. 266. Císti species, Lin.
which numerous leathern thongs are appended instead of teeth.
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 3 equal sepals;
This instrument being drawn backwards and forwards over the
but when 5, they are disposed in a double series, the two outer
plant from time to time collects the resin. Dioscorides says they
sepals are usually smaller than the inner ones, very rarely larger.
gather the Ladanum by means of goats, which browzing on the
Petals 5, usually regularly denticulated at the top. Stigma
leaves of the shrub, return to the stable with their beards loaded
with a fat substance, which
the peasants rake off with a kind of capitate. Style sometimes almost wanting, sometimes straight,
sometimes oblique, and sometimes bent at the base. Ovary tri-
comb made on purpose. The chief use of this gum in modern
quetrous. Capsule 3-valved ; valves with a narrow dissepiment,
practice is in fumigations, cephalic and stomachic plasters, its
or a seminiferous nerve in the middle of each. Seeds angular,
fragrant smell having made it a constant ingredient in such pre-
smooth. Albumen mealy. Embryo uncinately-inflexed, as in. H.
parations ; sometimes it is used in torches. It was formerly ex-
;
hibited as a pectoral and astringent in catarrhal affections, dysen- shrubs, or shrubs. Leaves opposite and alternate, with or with-
vulgàre, Gært. 1. p. 371. t. 76.f.il. Erect or trailing herbs, sub-
teries, and several other diseases. The best is in dark-coloured
out stipulas, 3-nerved, or feather-nerved. Pedicels usually fur-
masses of the consistence of soft plaister, growing still softer on
nished with bracteas at the base, sometimes opposite the brac-
being handled. The other is in long rolls, coiled up and much
teas, or opposite the leaves, sometimes solitary, sometimes
harder than the preceding, and not so dark. It should be ob-
umbellate, and sometimes racemose; racemes secund, sometimes
served that Ladanum gives out its active matter to spirit of wine,
which dissolves nearly the whole of the pure Ladanum into gold- pand the racemes at the top are bent or twisted backwards, and
corymbose, sometimes paniculate; and before the flowers ex-
coloured liquor, and little or nothing to water, from its being become gradually erect as the flowers expand. Flowers yellow,
entirely resinous, and consequently not soluble in water.
red, or white.
Ladanum-bearing Rock-Rose or Gum-Cistus. Fl. Ju. July.
This
Clt. 1629. Shrub 4 feet.
genus is divided into three particular series, viz.-
I. Style straight, erect, almost wanting, or shorter than the
Stigma capitate, small. Style cylindrical, equalling the
stamens. Stigma capitate. Sect. I. II. and III., Halimium,
stamens in length.
Lecheoides, and Tuberària, belong to this.
II. Style straight, erect, equal with or longer than the stamens.
40 C. Clu'sii (Dunal, ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 266.) erect;. Sect. IV. and V., Maculària, and Brachypetalum, belong to this.
leaves somewhat 3-nerved, linear, with revolute margins, under III. Style bent at the base. Sect. VI. VII. VIII. and IX.,
surface canescent; flowers somewhat capitate; calyx 3-5-sepalled, Eriocarpum, Fumàna, Pseudocistus, and Euheliánthemum, be-
pilose; sepals ovate, acute; capsules 5-celled. h. F. Native long to this.
of Spain and Barbary. Sweet, cist. t. 32. Cístus Libanotis, ß,
Lam. dict. 2. p. 18. Desf. atl. 1. p. 412, exclusive of the syno-
Sect. I. HALIMIUM (alipos, halimos, marine ; habitation of
nym. C. undulatus, Link. Lèdon. VII. Clus. hist. 1. p. 80.
icon. Bracteas pilose, broad-ovate, acuminated, ciliated, ca-
plants by the sea-side). D. C. prod. 1. p. 267. Calyx usually of
ducous, somewhat longer than the peduncles. Petals white.
3 equal sepals, rarely of 5 unequal sepals, but when this is the
case the two outer ones are small. Petals rarely white, usually
Habit of Helianthemum Libanotis, with the character of Ledònia.
Clusius's Rock-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. Shrub 2 feet.
yellow, wedge-shaped, truncate, and usually marked at the base
with a dark-bloody or intense yellow spot. Style straight, short,
* A species not sufficiently known.
or almost wanting. Stigma capitate, somewhat 3-lobed. Seeds
few, blackish, minutely muricated, somewhat angular. Erect
41 C. Co'rsicus (Lois. in ann. soc. lin. par. vol. 4.) leaves
shrubs. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved, without stipulas, pilose or
opposite stalked, ovate, acuminated, rather tomentose, reticu- tomentose. Peduncles 1-3-flowered, axillary, solitary, or um-
lated with veins beneath ; peduncles usually 1-flowered, and are, bellate, rarely panicled.
as well as the calyx villous ; branches and leaves rough from
starry small hairs.
h. H. Native of Corsica. Perhaps a spe-
* Style short, straight.
cies of Helianthemum.
Corsican Rock-Rose. Shrub.
1 H. LIBANOTIS (Willd. enum. 570.) erect, smoothish, branch-
Cult. The species of the genus Cistus or Rock-Rose deserve ed; leaves sessile, linear, with revolute margins, upper surface
to be cultivated in every garden for the beauty of their flowers brownish-green, under surface somewhat canescent; bracteas
and leaves. The greater part of those marked frame shrubs oblong-linear, shorter than the peduncles; peduncles solitary,
will survive a severe winter if planted against a south wall so as 1-flowered ; calyx of 3 sepals, smooth, shining, ovate-acumi-
to be covered with mats in severe frosts; but notwithstanding, nate.
Native of Portugal and Mauritania. Cistus
we would recommend a plant of each of these tenderer sorts to Libanotis, Lin. spec. 739. Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 261.; but not of
be kept in the green-house during winter, and to be planted out Lam. nor Desf.-H. rosmarinifolium, Lag. in litt. but not of
a
h. F.

302
CISTINEÆ. II. HELIANTHEMUM.
a
p. 18.
Pursh.-Barrel. icon. 294.-Lèdon VIII. Clus. hist. I. p. 80. scurely greyish, tomentose; flowers terminal, panicled; pedun-
icon. Petals yellowish. Style one-half shorter than the sta- cles hairy-tomentose; pedicels 1-3-flowered, very short; calyx
mens. Stigma small.
of 3 sepals, very hairy; petals cuneated, distinct. h. F. Na-
Rosemary-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1752. Shrub tive of the west of France, near Bordeaux. H. rugósum, B.
1 foot.
microphyllum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 268. H. alyssoìdes, ß. micro-
2 2 H. UMBELLA'TUM (Mill. dict. no. 5.) suffruticose, branched, phyllum, D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 622. A weak shrub. Petals
younger branches tomentosely-pilose, clammy; leaves sessile, yellow, with a dark purple spot at the base of each.
linear-oblong, with revolute margins, clammy, under surface to- Small-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1800. Shrub
mentose; peduncles 1-flowered, disposed in whorled racemes, 2 feet.
terminal, umbellate ; calyx 3-sepalled, villous. ħ. F. Native of 7 H. SCABRÒSUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) erectish; branches
France, Spain, and Portugal. Cístus umbellàtus, Lin. spec. 739. pilosely-tomentose, scabrous, canescent ; leaves sessile, tapering
Petals white, imbricate. Style one-half shorter than the sta- to the base, oblong-ovate, acutish, roughish, 3-nerved, with
mens. Stigma small.
waved revolute margins, upper surface green, under surface clothed
Var. a, eréctus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 267.) stem erect ; leaves with grey tomentum ; peduncles terminal, 1-2-flowered, shorter
on the under surface clothed with greenish tomentum. Sweet, than the leaves; calyx 3-sepalled, hairy ; petals distinct. h. F.
cist. 5. Cistus umbellàtus, Lam. dict. 2. p. 18.—Cístus verti- Native of the north of Portugal. Sweet, cist. 81. Cístus sca-
cillàtus, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 262. Lèdon X. Clus. hist. 1. p. 80. bròsus, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 236. Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 265.
Var. B, subdecumbens, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 267.) stem some- Flowers yellow
what decumbent: leaves somewhat ciliated, clothed with white Rough Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1775. Shrub 3 ft.
tomentum on the under surface. Cístus umbellàtus, a, Lam. 8 H. ALGARVE'NSE (Dun. ined. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 268.) stem
dict. 2. p. 18. Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 262.
branched ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, hoary on the
Umbellate-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1731. under surface, upper surface green, pilose ; peduncles some-
Shrub 1 foot.
what panicled, pilose; calyx 3-sepalled, acute, hairy. ħ. F.
3 H. OCYMOI'DES (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) erect, branched ; Native of Portugal, in the Algarves. Sweet, cist. t. 40. Cístus
branches, hoary; cauline leaves obovate, or ovate-oblong, 3- Algarvensis, Curt. bot. mag. 627. H. Algarvénse, Tourn. inst.
nerved, almost sessile, green, those of the branches are stalked 250. ? Branches, leaves, peduncles, and sepals, beset with long
and keeled on the back, reflexed at the top, hoary on both sur- loose hairs. Petals yellow with a dark base, crenated, at length
faces ; peduncles long, branched, paniculate ; pedicels opposite, distinct.
somewhat umbellate ; calyx of 3 much-pointed sepals. ħ. F. Algarve Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August.
Fl. June, August. Clt. 1800. Shrub
Native of Spain and Portugal. Cistus ocymoides, Lam. dict. 2. 3 feet.
Cistus sampsucifolius, Cav. icon. 1. p. 65. t. 96.-Clus.
. .
9 H. FORMÒSUM (Dunal. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 268.)
hist. 1. p. 72. icon. Petals distinct, yellow, spotless, or marked erect; branches tomentosely-villous, canescent; leaves on short
with a dark purple spot at the base of each. Stamens dark footstalks, obovate-lanceolate, tomentosely-villous, younger ones
purple at the top, and yellow at the base.
hoary; peduncles and calyxes villous ; calyx 3-sepalled. ñ.F.
Var. a, peduncles glabrous.
Native of Portugal. Cistus formòsus, Curt. bot. mag. 264.
Var. B, branches and peduncles rather hairy.
Petals large, yellow, marked with a black spot at the base of
Ocymum-like Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. ?
Clt.? Shrub each.
3 feet.
Beautiful Sun-Rose. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1780.
Clt. 1780. Shrub 4
feet.
** Style almost none; stigma large.
10 H. ATRIPLICIFOLIUM (Willd. enum. 569.) erect; branches
white from leprous tomentum; leaves stalked, broad-ovate,
4 H. ALYSSOI'DES (Vent. choix. t. 20.) erect, much branched, bluntish, waved at the base, covered with leprous tomentum on
diffuse, spreading ; branches hoary, tomentosely-hairy at the both surfaces ; peduncles racemose, hairy ; calyx hairy, 3-sepal-
top; leaves sessile, tapering towards the base, oblong-ovate, led, rarely 5-sepalled, with the two outer ones very minute.
bluntish, covered with short hairs, younger ones rather hoary,
h. F. Native of Spain. Cístus atriplicifolius, Lam. dict. 2.
adult ones green ; peduncles terminal, solitary, or umbellate, 1-2- p. 19.-Barrel. icon. t. 292. Upper leaves sessile. Pili long,
flowered, longer than the leaves; calyx 3-sepalled, acuminated, rufescent. Petals large, yellow.
hairy. H.F. Native of Spain and west of France. Cístus Atriplex-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1656. Shrub
alyssoides, a, Lam. dict. 2. p. 20. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 818. Pe- 4-6 feet.
tals yellow. Flower-bud of an intense purple-colour at the top. 11 H. LASIA'NTHUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) stem suffruticose,
Alyssum-like Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 3 ft. much branched; branches dark-cinereous, at top tomentose-
5 H. RUGÓSUM (Dunal, ined. in. D. C. prod 1. p. 268.) erect; hairy ; leaves almost sessile, ovate-oblong, often blunt, keeled,
branches rather hairy, clothed with leprous tomentum, scabrous, of an obscure greyish colour, tomentose ; peduncles 1-2-flowered,
of a brownish-grey colour ; leaves sessile, tapering out into the hairy, very short'; calyx usually 3-sepalled, very hairy.
,
h. F.
footstalks at the base, obovate-oblong, bluntish, rather oblique, Native of Spain. Cístus lasianthus, Lam. dict. 2. p. 19.-
with the margins somewhat denticulated, and a little curled, to- Barrel. icon. t. 289 ? Peduncles, calyxes, and younger leaves
mentose on both surfaces, wrinkled, under surface hoary; pedun- beset with long white hairs. Calyx sometimes 5-sepalled, with
cles terminal, axillary, or umbellate, 1-3-flowered, hairy, shorter the two outer sepals very narrow and smoothish at the top.
than the leaves; calyx 3-sepalled, hairy. h. F. Native of Petals yellow, with or without a dark spot at the base of each.
Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 65. Petals yellow, crenulated, imbricate, Hairy-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1826. Shrub 3 ft.
with a large dark mark at the base.
12 H. INVOLUCRA'TUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) branched, erect;
Wrinkled-leaved Sun-Rose. June, August. Clt. 1800. Shrub branches rather greyish, tomentose; lower leaves stalked, some-
3 feet.
what ovate, small, hoary-tomentose, upper ones oblong-lanceo-
6 H. MICROPHY'LLUM (Sweet, cist. t. 96.) much branched, late, sessile, greenish, and roughish; peduncles very short, sur-
,
erect; branches blackish-grey, hairy-tomentose at the apex ; rounded by the leaves ; calyx 5-sepalled, inner ones hoary-to-
leaves almost sessile, obtuse, keeled, tapering to the base, ob- mentose, outer ones linear, smoothish, and greenish. . F.
.
a
a

CISTINEÆ. II. HELIANTHEMUM.
303
-
Native of Spain and Portugal. Cístus involucràtus, Lam. dict. leaves oblong-linear, with the margins usually revolute, under
2. p. 20. Axillary branchlets leafy. Flowers yellow.
surface clothed with hoary tomentum ; axillary branchlets on
Involucrated-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826.
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. very short peduncles, 1-3-flowered, shorter than the leaves; inner
Shrub 2 feet.
sepals ovate, acute, 3 times smaller than the petals. 4.H. Na-
13 H. CHEIRANTHOI'DES (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) erect, branch- tive of Georgia, Canada, and about Boston. Lèchea major,
ed ; younger branches villously-tomentose, hoary ; leaves tomen- Bigel. A. bost. p. 29. Flowers minute, crowded. Capsule
tose, hoary, oblong-lanceolate, tapering out into the footstalk ; shining, triquetrous, rufous. Petals pale yellow.
peduncles very short, 2-flowered; calyx somewhat villous, 5- Rosemary-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 ft.
sepalled, outer sepals very minute. h. F. Native of Spain.
,
18 H. GLOMERATUM (Lag. in litt.) suffruticose, erect, some-
Sweet, cist. t. 107. Cístus cheiranthoides, Lam. dict. 2. p. 19. what dichotomous; branches rather tomentosely-cinereous ;
Cistus elongatus, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 38?_Cístus halimi folio II. leaves lanceolate-oblong, tapering to the base, under surface
Clus. hist. 1. p. 71. Floral leaves small, alternate. Flowers hoary ; racemes axillary or terminal, many-flowered, smaller
yellow, without a dark spot at the base of each petal, imbricate. than the leaves; flowers glomerate. h. F. Native near Aca-
Wallflower-like Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Cit. 1800. Shrub pulca and Cimupan in New Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 110. Cístus
,
3 feet.
glomeratus, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 16. Flowers small.
14 H. CA'NDIDUM (Sweet, cist. t. 25.) erect; branches le- Glomerate-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823.
prously-white, as well as the leaves on both surfaces, which are Shrub å foot.
obovate-lanceolate, tapering to the base, somewhat stalked, upper
surface pilose, under surface scabrous from papillæ, rather 3-
* * Peduncles 1-flowered, bractless, situated on the branches.
nerved ; floral ones opposite, sessile, and green on both surfaces;
peduncles long, rather panicled, glabrous or with a few scat- 19 H. RAMULIFLÒRUM (Michx. fl. amer. bor. 1. p. 307.)
tered hairs; calyxes with 3 or 5 acute sepals, villous ; petals erect, beset with powdery pili, branched at the top, somewhat
imbricated. h. F. Native of Spain. Petals bright yellow, dichotomous; branchlets twiggy, bearing flowers; cauline leaves
with a dark velvety spot at the base of each, edged with lanceolate-elliptic or oblong, acute, with the margins scarcely
purple.
revolute, under surface hoary-tomentose; flowers stalked, soli-
Whitened Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 2 to 3 ft. tary ; inner sepals broad-ovate, acuminated ; capsule globose,
15 H. HALIMIFÒLIUM (Willd. enum. 569.) erect, branched; length of calyx. 4. H. Native of Carolina. Cistus virgatus,
branches leprously-white at the top, as well as the leaves on Thibaud, ined. Peduncles and calyxes pilose. Style very
both surfaces ; leaves on very short footstalks, ovate-oblong, short, erect. .
tapering to the base; peduncles long, branched, somewhat Branch-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 ft.
panicled, leprously-white; calyx leprous, 5-sepalled, two outer 20 H. ČANADE'NSE (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 308.) ascen-
ones very narrow, linear, ħ. F. Native of Spain and Por- dant; branches erect, hairy; cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate,
tugal by the sea-side. Sweet, cist. t. 4. Cístus halimifòlius, acute, hairy, under surface palest; peduncles hairy, 1-flowered,
Lin. spec. 738.-Cistus folio halimi I. Clus. hist. 1. p. 71. solitary ; inner sepals broad-ovate, acuminated ; capsules shorter
Floral leaves small, alternate. Petals yellow, spotless, or each than the calyx. 4. H. Native of Canada and Carolina.
marked with a small dark-bloody spot at the base, imbricate. Sweet, cist. 21. Cístus Canadensis, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1199.
.
Capsule 2-3-valved.
Calyx hairy. Petals obcordate, imbricate.
Var. B, obtusifolium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 269.) leaves obtuse. Canadian Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1799. Pl. 1 foot.
h. F. Growing along with var. a.
21 H. BRASILIE'NSE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) suffruticose; branch-
p
Sea-Purslane-leaved. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1656. Shrub 3 feet. es simple, hairy ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, sessile, hairy;
peduncles and calyxes hairy, canescent; peduncles solitary, 1-
Sect. II. LECHEOIDES (from Lechea and idea, similar ; plants Howered ; inner sepals ovate, acuminated. ħ. F. Native of
with the habit of Lèchea.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 269. Calyx 5- Brasil on the mountains. Sweet, cist. t. 43 Cístus Brasiliensis.
sepalled, two outer sepals narrow, linear, 3 inner ones acute, Lam. dict. 2. p. 22. Cístus alternifolius, Vahl. symb. 1. p.
38.
with scarious margins. Petals yellow. Style almost wanting, Brasilian Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823. Shrub i foot.
or very short, erect. Stigma large, capitate. Ovary trian- 22 H. POLYGALÆFO`LIUM (Sweet, cist. t. 11.) suffruticose,
gular. Capsule smooth, shining 3-valved, l-celled. Seeds
Seeds flexuous, ascending, branched; branches weak, hairy-tomená
rufescent, small. Stems herbaceous or suffruticose, ascendant tose, rather hoary; cauline leaves sessile, alternate, acute,
or erect, usually dichotomous. Lower leaves opposite, cauline ciliated, shining, lower ones oblong-lanceolate, upper ones lan-
ones alternate, feather-nerved, on short footstalks or sessile, with- ceolate-linear; peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the leaves, and
out stipulas.
are as well as the calyxes hairy-canescent; inner sepals ovate,
* Peduncles many-flowered, axillary, or terminal. Flowers
lanceolate, acuminated; petals obcordate, concave, crenulated,
small, crowded, yellow.
imbricate at the base. ñ .F. Native of Brasil.
Milkwort-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823. Sh. Z ft.
16 H. CORYMBOSUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 307.) suffruti- 23 H. CAROLINIA'NUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 307.) her-
cose, branched, erect; branches dichotomous, rather pubescent, haceous, hairy, erect; leaves tomentosely-hairy, rather denticu-
somewhat tomentosely-cinereous at the top; cauline leaves alter- lated, green on the upper surface, on short footstalks, blunt,
nate, oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, under surface clothed with lower ones opposite, obovate, the rest alternate, oblong-ovate;
woolly tomentum, upper leaves with revolute margins ; corymbs peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, clothed with white hairs; calyx
fastigiate, crowded ; calyx tomentosely-hairy, canescent, outer hairy ; inner sepals oblong, acute. 4. H. Native of Carolina
sepals linear, blunt, inner ones ovate, acute, somewhat shorter and Georgia. Vent. cels. 74. icon. Sweet, cist. t. 99. Flowers
than the capsule. ħ. H. Native of New Jersey and Georgia. large, with the petals slightly imbricate at the base.
Style very short.
Carolinian Sun-Rose. F1. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. Å foot.
Corymb-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub 1 foot. 24 H. A'STYLUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and D.C.
17 H. ROSMARINIFÒLIUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 364.) prod. 1. p. 284.) stems diffuse, rather herbaceous, dwarf;
erect, branched, dichotomous; branches very erect, pubescent; leaves generally alternate, stipulate, ovate-oblong ; sepals 5, the
-

304
CISTINEÆ. II. HELIANTHEMUM.
-
2 outer ones linear, small; style none ; stigma somewhat 3-lobed. ones alternate, stipulate; peduncles long, pilosely-pubescent;
-Native of New Spain.
pedicels and calyx hairy. 4 ? F. Native of Spain and Por-
Styleless Sun-Rose. Shrub.
tugal. Cístus bupleurifolius, Lam. dict. 2. p. 22. Pedicels
25. H. TRIPE'TALUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. et bractless. Outer sepals ovate, obtuse, one-half shorter than the
D. C. prod. 1. p. 284.) stems numerous, erect, slender ; leaves inner ones, which are acute. Stipulas long, almost linear.
alternate, linear, without stipulas; sepals 5, outer 2 linear, small; Bupleurum-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Pl.: foot.
petals 3.-Native of Mexico.
31 H. HETERODOXUM (Dunal, ined. in herb. Banks and D.C.
Three-petalled Sun-Rose. Shrub.
prod. 1. p. 270.) erect, hairy; hairs long, whitish ; leaves sessile,
26 H. OBCORDATUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and oblong-lanceolate, tomentosely-scabrous, with the nerves on the
D. C. prod. 1. p. 284.) erect, suffruticose ; leaves alternate, upper surface, hairy; lower leaves opposite, upper ones alternate,
oblong, stipulate, somewhat fascicled; sepals 3 ; petals 5, ob- stipulate ; racemes secund, hairy, bractless; flowers on very,
cordate. Þ.G. Native of Mexico.
short pedicels, approximate, somewhat imbricate ; outer sepals
Obcordate-petalled Sun-Rose. Shrub.
largest, covering the inner ones, appearing like bracteas. O? H.
Sect. III. TUBERA'RIA (meaning unknown). D. C. prod. imbricàtum, Lag. in litt.
Native of the north of Africa near Valle, also in Spain. H.
.
1. p. 270. Calyx 5-sepalled, 2 outer sepals smaller or larger,
Outer sepals hairy on both sur-
faces; inner ones smooth and shining on the inner surface, with
usually spreading. Petals yellow, often marked with a dark-
membranous margins. Capsules acutish.
Seeds numerous,
purple spot at the base of each, entire, denticulated, or ser-
rated. Stamens numerous, much longer than the pistil. Style
somewhat globose, of an obscure yellow-glaucous colour, mi-
straight, almost wanting. Stigma capitate. Capsule 3-valved.
nutely muricated.
Heterodox Sun-Rose. Fl. Jul. Aug. Pl. & foot.
Seeds minute, yellowish. Roots perennial woody, or herbaceous,
32 H. PLANTAGI’NEUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) erect, hairy ;
annual or biennial. Stems herbaceous, erect, or adscendant.
Leaves 3-nerved, opposite, without stipulas, upper ones some-
leaves elliptic-lanceolate, opposite, sessile, 3-nerved, under sur-
times alternate, and usually furnished with stipulas; stipulas
face villously-tomentose, and hairy on the nerves ; upper surface
long, linear, acute. Flowers somewhat panicled or racemose,
beset with simple appressed hairs ; uppermost leaves oblong-
secund, with or without bracteas.
linear, stipulate, somewhat alternate ; racemes short, without
bracteas; outer sepals smoothish, narrow-linear, nearly equal in
* Perénnia. Leaves without stipulas. Stems pilose at the base length with the inner ones which are hoary-villous ; petals den-
and smooth at the top. Flowers fen, bracteate, disposed in some- ticulated. O.H. Native of Crete, Corsica, Spain, and north
thing like panicles.
of Africa. Cístus plantagineus, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1197. Cístus
.
27 H. GLOBULARIÆPÒLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) perennial; serràtus, Desf
. atl. 1. p. 416. exclusive of the synonym of Cav.
stems ascendant, simple, rather naked at the top; radical leaves Cístus guttàtus y, Lam. dict. 2. p. 23. Plant covered with white
on long footstalks, obtuse, rather spatulate ; cauline leaves ses-
hairs. Petals yellow, without spots.
sile, acute, all hairy; pedicels few, furnished with bracteas at Plantain-like Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. ft.
the base, disposed in something like a cyme ; calyx glabrous.
33 H. GUTTA'TUM (Mill. dict. no. 18.) rather hairy ; leaves
4. F. Native of the north of Portugal. Cístus globulariæ opposite, sessile, oblong-linear, 3-nerved, villously-hairy, upper-
fòlius, Lam. dict. 2. p. 22. Petals spotted or spotless. Stamens most ones alternate ; racemes loose, bractless ; pedicels filiform,
violet-coloured.
almost naked; outer sepals one half shorter than the inner ones.
Globularia-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 ft.
O. H. Native of France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Turkey
28 H. TUBERA'RIA (Mill. dict. no. 10.) perennial ; stems
in dry places. In Anglesea and Jersey in sandy pastures, rare.
ascendant, almost simple ; radical leaves ending in the footstalk, Cístus guttàtus, Lin. spec. 2. p. 742. Smith, engl. bot. 544.
Fi.
ovate-oblong, 3-nerved, tomentosely-hairy, canescent, under sur-
t. 498. Curt. lond. fasc. 6. t. 33. Cístus acuminatus,
face nerved, upper surface furrowed ; cauline leaves sessile, Viv. fragm. 13, t. 14. f. 1?
almost smooth, lanceolate, upper ones alternate; pedicels few, Var. a, Colúmnæ (D. C. prod. 1. p. 71.) petals entire and
furnished with bracteas at the base, disposed in something like spotted at the base. Hel. flòre maculòso, Column. ecphr. 2. p.
a panicle ; calyx smooth, shining. 4... Native of Provence,
F.
78. t. 77. Cístus guttatus, Smith, Al. græc. t. 498.
Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Sweet, cist. t. 18. Cistus Tuberària,
Var. f, Cavanellèsii (D. C. prod. 1. c.) petals spotted at the
Lin. spec. 741. Cav. icon. 1. p. 65. t. 67. Petals distinct. base and jagged at the top. Cístus serràtus, Cav. icon. 2. p. 57.
Tuberaria or Plantain-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
f. 1. but not of Desf.
1752. Pl. foot.
Var. 7, Lamarckii (D. C. prod. 1. c.) petals marked with a
29 H. LIGNÒSUM (Sweet, cist. t. 46.) stem tetragonal, shrubby, small spot at the base of each, or almost without the spot. Cístus
clothed with rough scaly bark; branches ascending, covered guttàtus, ß, punctàtus. Lam, dict. 2. p. 23. Perhaps H.
, .
punc-
with hispid hairs ; leaves ovate-oblong, ending in the petiole, tàtum, no. 36.
3-nerved, also beset with hispid hairs, canescent, under surface Var. 8, exstipulatum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stem almost simple ;
nerved, upper surface furrowed; floral leaves sessile, glabrous,
leaves without stipulas.
oblong-lanceolate, uppermost ones alternate ; pedicels few, fur- Var. £, fulcràceum (D. C. prod. l. c.) stem branched, 2-3-
nished with bracteas at the base, rather panicled, about the length
forked ; upper leaves furnished with long stipulas.
of the calyx; petals obovate, distinct, spreading. h. F. Native Spotted-petalled Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Britain. Pl. Z ft.
of the south of Europe.
34 H. ERIOCAU’LON (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 271.)
Woody Sun-Rose. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1809. Shrub 1 foot. branched, di-trichotomous, very hairy ; leaves oblong-linear,
** Annua ? Superior leaves usually furnished with stipulas, alternate ; racemes simple, bractless; pedicels long, filiform,
narrow, hairy, opposite, upper ones stipulate, extreme ones
Racemes secund, terminal.
pilose ; outer sepals narrow, O. H. Native of Spain and
30 H. BUPLEURIFOLIUM (Dunal. ined. and. D. C. prod. 1. France. Sweet, cist. t. 30. Cístus serratiflòrus, herb. Lamb.
p. 270.) perennial ? stem erect, pubescent at the base, upper H. semistipulatum, Lag. in litt. Hairs on the stem whitish,
part glabrous, rather shining ; leaves oblong, acute, smooth, slender, spreading. Hairs on the leaves pressed. Petals yellow,
,
long, ending in the footstalk; cauline leaves opposite, uppermost with a dark spot at the base of each, serrated, distinct.
græc. t. 498.
7

CISTINEÆ. II. HELIANTHEMUM.
305
Hairy-stemmed Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. 3 to 1 ft. 1-flowered, short, solitary, rarely axillary, usually almost oppo-
35 H. INCONSPICUUM (Thib. ined. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) site the leaves or opposite the bracteas, somewhat erect, hori-
branched, di-trichotomous, rather hairy, slender ; leaves oblong- zontal, or bent backwards.
-
linear, narrow, hairy, opposite, upper ones stipulate, extreme * Peduncles erectish, shorter than the leaves. Inner sepals
ones alternate ; racemes long, filiform; pedicels short, secund ; 3-nerved.
flowers minute; petals oblong-linear, smaller than the calyx,
39 H. VILLÒSUM (Thib. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem tomen-
outer ones with pilose edges. O. H. Native of Spain and Cor-
tose, hairy, somewhat cinereous ; leaves stalked, oblong-lan-
sica. H. præ'cox, Saltzm. exsic.
ceolate, somewhat denticulated, villously tomentose on both
Inconspicuous Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1819. Pl. ft.
1
surfaces, but much more so on the under surface, stipulate :
36 H. PUNCTA'TUM (Willd. enum. 570.) branched, dichoto-
racemes long, secund, revolute at the top before flowering,
mous, rather tomentosely pubescent, somewhat cinereous ; leaves
axillary and terminal ; peduncles erect, villously-cinereous, gene-
oblong, feather-nerved, rather cinereous, covered with short, rally opposite the bracteas ; calyx oblong, acuminated, villous.
,
; .
roughish, stellate hairs; lower leaves opposite, obtuse, upper
O. H. Native of Spain. Cístus villosus, Thib. herb. Lag in
ones alternate, acutish, stipulate ; racemes long, pubescent, cine-
litt. not of Lam. Cistus annuus, Lamb. herb. Bracteas sessile,
reous, few-flowered. O. H. Native of the west of France. Sweet
, ovate-oblong, sometimes sparingly toothed. Petals lanceolate, nar-
-,
cist. t. 61. Cístus punctàtus, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1199. Pedun-
.
row, for the most part denticulated, shorter than the sepals.
cles rarely bearing a large bract or small leaf in the middle.
Var. a; stem very simple, erect.
Pedicels filiform, long. Petals serrulated, small, yellow, with a
Var. B; stem branched at the base; branches long, simple,
darker spot on the base of each, distinct.
ascendant.
Dotted-petalled Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. Pl. J ft.
Villous Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. | foot.
40 H. NilO'TICUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) branches erect or
Sect. IV. MACULA'RIA (from macula, a spot, in allusion to
ascendant, rather tomentose or villous, cinereous; leaves on
the petals having a dark spot at the base of each). D. C. prod. short footstalks, opposite, oblong-elliptical, tomentosely-villous,
-
1. p. 271. Calyx 5-sepalled, 2 outer sepals narrow, 3 inner
.
upper ones alternate, opposite the flowers, all stipulate; peduncles
ones striated. Petals yellow, with a dark spot at the base of
erect, and are as well as the pointed calyx tomentosely.hairy.
each. Style straight and erect, twice the length of the ovary,
O.H. Native of Egypt, Barbary, Spain and South of France.
almost equal in length to the stamens. Stigma small, somewhat
Cístus Niloticus, Lin. mant. 246.
3-lobed. Capsule smooth. Subshrubs or herbs.
Leaves on
Var. a, eréctum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 272.) stem erect, simple, or
footstalks, feather-nerved, narrow, without stipulas. Flowers
terminal, solitary, or racemose.
branched ; branches ascendant; peduncles and calyxes villously-
Racemes few-flowered ; pedi- hairy.
cels secund, bracteate at their base ; bracteas small, awl-shaped.
Var. B, màjus (D. C. prod. l. c.) stem erect, branched ;
37 H. LUNULA'TUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 816.) stem suffruticose,
branches ascendant, and are as well as the leaves and peduncles
twisted, branched; branchlets pubescent, filiform ; leaves flat, rather tomentose. This variety has, from high cultivation,
oblong, acuminated at the base, with the margins usually ciliated;
become larger in all its parts than the other varieties.
flowers solitary, or from 2-4 flowers in a sort of racemed umbel,
Var. Y, procúmbens (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stems procumbent, as-
terminal, on short pedicels. h. H. Native of the Alps of
Alps of cendant, tomentosely-hairy, rather hoary ; leaves tomentose on
Piedmont. Cístus lunulàtus, All
. auct. p. 30. t. 2. f. 3. Calyx both surfaces, but especially on the under surface. Cistus ledi-
when in flower reflexed. Petals yellow, almost entire or much
folius, Gouan. fl. monsp. p. 264? Ger, gallo-prov. p. 392.
crenulated, each marked with a copper-coloured moon-shaped
no. 2. Perhaps a distinct species.
spot towards the claw.
Nilotic Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl.1 to 1 ft.
Var, a; upper surface of leaves green, under surface whitish.
41 H. LEDIFÒLIUM (Willd. enum. 571.) erect, puberulous ;
Var. ß; leaves smaller, and hoary on both surfaces.
leaves stalked, oblong-elliptic, opposite, somewhat denticulated,
Lunulate-marked-petalled Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
smoothish, stipulate ; peduncles erect, smoothish, shorter than
1826. Pl. 1 foot.
the calyx ; calyx pointed, rather pubescent. O. H. Native of
38 H. PETIOLA TUM (Thib. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) stem the south of France and Spain. In England on Brent downs,
twisted at the base ; branches generally dichotomous, ascendant, Somersetshire. Sweet, cist. 41. Cístus ledifolius, Lin. spec.
slender, leprously-tomentose, cinereous ; leaves oblong-linear,
742. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2414. Cístus annuus, folio ledi.
acute, drawn out at the base into the long footstalk, leprously- Lob. icon. 2. p. 118.
Lob. icon. 2. p. 118. Very like H. Nilóticum. Flowers pale-
tomentose on both surfaces, under surface hoary, upper surface yellow. Petals distinct.
17
greenish-glaucous; racemes small, few-flowered ; pedicels and
Ledum-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl.
calyx pubescent. 0. H. Native of Spain. Petals, stamens,
to 1 foot.
and pistil unknown.
Long-stalked-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Pl. 7 foot.
Peduncles horizontal, longer than the leaves or bracteas.
Flowers erect; inner sepals 3-nerved.
Sect. V. BRACHYPEʼTALUM (from Bpaxus, brachys, short, 42 H. INTERME'DIUM (Thib. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 272.)
and metalov, petalon, a petal ; because the petals are shorter erect, branched ; branches slender, erect, or spreading, ascend-
than the sepals). D. C. prod. 1. p. 271. Calyx 5-sepalled, ant, somewhat cinereously-villous; leaves stalked, obovate-
outer sepals minute, inner sepals 3-nerved, acuminated. Petals oblong, bluntish, rather denticulated, veiny, tomentose, stipulate;
yellow, sometimes with a small dark spot at the base of each, stipulas linear-oblong, upper ones scarcely twice the length of
usually shorter than the calyx. Stamens few, 10-20, surround- the footstalks; peduncles and calyxes cinereously-villous, gene-
ing the ovary Style straight, erect, thickened at the top. rally opposite the leaves; calyx oblong. O. H. Native of
Stigma simple. Ovary triquetrous, with the angles usually pilose. Spain near Aranjuez. Cístus salicifolius, Cav. icon. no. 156.
Capsule triquetrous, rather shining. Seeds numerous, minute,
t. 144. Plant somewhat cinereous. Floral leaves or bracteas,
pale, angular. Annual herbs, with stalked, stipulate, feather- alternate, linear-oblong, usually stalked, furnished with 1-2 sti-
nerved, somewhat denticulate, opposite leaves, floral ones alter- pulas, sometimes solitary, entire, or cut, generally shorter than
nate. Stipulas oblong-linear, upper ones longest. Peduncles the peduncles. Flowers slender.
Rr
* *
VOL. 1.- PART IV.

306
CISTINEÆ. II. HELIANTHEMUM.
very minute.
entire.
Intermediate Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1759. Pl. I foot. clothed with cinereous pubescence. Leaves opposite and alter-
43 H. DENTICULA'TUM (Thib. in Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) branched, nate, bluntish, under surface cano-cinereous. Stipulas linear,
erect, or spreading ; branches erect or ascendant, tomentosely- shorter than the footstalks. Racemes secund, small, opposite
pubescent, somewhat cinereous at the top ; leaves on short the leaves ; flowers crowded, small, sessile, or larger on short
footstalks, obovate-oblong, acutish, somewhat denticulated, to- pedicels.
mentose, upper surface greenish, under surface hoary; stipulas 47 H. LíPPI (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem erect, pubescent,
linear, upper ones one-half shorter than the leaves; peduncles whitish, somewhat bifid or rather dichotomous ; leaves opposite
opposite the bracteas; bracteas alternate, a little cut.
O. H.
and alternate, on short footstalks, elliptic-lanceolate or linear-
Native of the south of France. Cístus salicifolius, Gouan. herb. oblong, obtuse, rather scabrous, glaucescent, under surface ca-
p. 34 ? Bracteas rather ovate, often cut, sessile, without stipulas. nescent ; stipulas narrow, erect, length of the footstalks ; racemes
Calyxes hoary on the outside before expansion.
short; flowers sessile, crowded, bracteate at the base ; bracteas
Denticulated-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 ft.
ħ. F. Native of Egypt. Cístus Líppii, Lin.
44 H. SALICIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) branched ; branches mant. 245. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 39. Sepals pubescent, inner ones
erect or ascendant, rather hairy ; leaves on short footstalks, obtuse, furnished with 4-5 ribs. Petals ovate, yellow, scarcely
obovate-oblong, acutish, denticulated, rather tomentose, greenish longer than the calyx. Stamens usually 10, shorter than the petals.
on the upper surface ; stipulas linear-oblong, upper ones one- Lipp's Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot.
half shorter than the leaves ; peduncles and calyxes hairy, gene- 48 H. SESSILIFLO'RUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) erect, much
rally opposite the bracteas; bracteas ovate, acuminated, sessile, branched; branches pubescent; leaves opposite and alternate,
O.H. Native of Spain and Italy. Sweet, cist. t. 71.
Sweet, cist. t. 71. linear, clothed with very short cinereous tomentum, with revolute
Cístus salicifolius, Lin. spec. 742. Cav. icon. 2. p. 35. t. 144. margins; stipulas linear, small; racemes short ; flowers sessile,
Smith, fl. græc. t. 499. H. annuum, etc. Seg. ver. 3. p. 297. furnished with minute bracteas. h. F. Native of the North
t. 6. f. 3 ? Branches, peduncles, and calyxes beset with slender of Africa, on arid hills. Cístus sessiliflòrus, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p.
white hairs. Petals imbricate at the base.
427. t. 106. Sepals pubescent, inner ones blunt. Petals yel-
Var. B, latifolium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 273.) the whole plant is low, a little longer than the calyx.
larger, leaves and bracteas tomentose, greenish. O. H. Native Sessile-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Sh. 1 to 2 feet.
of the Levant.
49 H. RUFICO'MUM (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 589.) stem densely
Willow-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1759. Pl. Z ft. clothed with canescent starry fascicles of hairs ; leaves on short
* * * Peduncles drooping before the expansion of the flowers, linear, stipulate, and all clothed with starry hairs beneath ; with
footstalks, lower ones elliptical, obtuse, flat, upper ones narrow,
but erect when in flower, and retroflexed after flowering. Inner
the margins somewhat revolute; flowers approximate, racemose ;
sepals 4-nerved.
calyx beset with brownish bristles. ħ. F. Native of the
45 H. SANGUI'NEUM (Lag. in litt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 273.) North of Africa, in Libya. Flowers yellow. Cístus ruficomus,
stem red, dwarf, clothed with clammy pubescence; leaves stalked, Viv. Al. lib. spec. p. 27. t. 14. f. 5.
opposite, ovate, blunt, roughish, lower ones without stipulas, Brown-haired Sun-Rose. Shrub 1 foot.
-
blood-coloured on the under surface, upper ones stipulate ; 50 H. LANUGINO'SUM (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 589.) branched ;
stipulas oblong-linear, blunt, stalked, scarcely shorter than the clothed all over with soft canescent hairs; leaves opposite, on
leaves ; peduncles beset with clammy hairs, axillary, and oppo- short footstalks, elliptical, densely clothed with wool; floral
site the leaves ; fructiferous peduncles bent backwards. O.H. leaves sessile, lanceolate, alternate, stipulate ; flowers distant in
Native of Spain near Chamartin. Cístus sanguíneus, Lag. gen. a secund raceme, reflexed before expansion ; inner sepals ovate-
et spec. nov. p. 17. varied. ann. 2. no. 19. p. 40. H. retrofrac- lanceolate, 3-nerved, outer sepals linear-lanceolate, about equal
tum, Pers. ench. 2. p.78. Cístus pusillus, herb. Lamb. Leaves in length to the inner ones; petals about the length of the calyx.
all opposite. Peduncles always axillary or opposite the leaves. h. F. Native of the North of Africa, in Libya. Cístus lanu-
Inner sepals striated.
ginosus, Viv. fl. lib. spec. p. 28. t. 14. f. 1. Flowers yellow.
Bloody-stemmed Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. Pl. Woolly Sun-Rose. Shrub 1 foot.
1 to foot.
51 H. ELLÍPTICUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem branched,
46 H. ÆgyptI'ACUM (Mill. dict. no. 23.) stem pubescent, erect, cinereous ; leaves opposite, elliptical, clothed with whitish
;
erect, or ascendant ; leaves on short footstalks, linear-oblong, leprous-tomentum, obtuse, with revolute margins; stipulas li-
opposite, narrow, with revolute margins, bluntish, cinereous near, small; racemes few-flowered; flowers sessile, somewhat
beneath, opposite, upper ones alternate ; stipulas linear, awl- alternating with the bracteas. ħ. F. Native of Barbary and
shaped ; peduncles filiform, pubescent; calyxes ovate-oblong, Egypt. Sweet, cist. t. 108.
,
Cístus ellipticus, Desf. fl. atl. 1.
inflated, inclosing the petals. O. H. Native of Egypt, Bar- p. 418. t. 107. H. Líppii, Delile, ægyp. 93. Cístus stipularis
bary, and Spain. Cistus Ægyptiacus, Lin. spec. 742. Jacq. a, Forsk. ægyp. p. 101. Sepals villously-tomentose, inner ones
obs. 3. p. 17. t. 68.
17. t. 68. Peduncles thickened, sometimes opposite ovate, bluntish. Petals pale yellow, a little longer than the ca-
to the short linear bracteas. Outer sepals narrow, short, inner lyx, imbricate. Upper leaves alternate.
ones with 4 ciliated nerves. Petals lanceolate, very short.
Elliptical-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Shrub
Shrub å foot.
Egyptian Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1764. Pl. foot. 52 H. MICRA'NTHUM (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 588.) plant clothed
with starry hairs; leaves linear, obtuse, lower ones on short
Sect. VI. ErioCA'RPUM (from eplov, erion, wool, Kaptos, stalks, opposite, nearly all flat, upper ones alternate, with revo-
karpos, a fruit; because the capsules are pilose). D. C. lute margins, floral ones sessile, linear, acute; stipulas linear-
prod. 1. p. 273. Calyx of 5 sepals; sepals beset with silky lanceolate, a little longer than the footstalks of the leaves ;
hairs on the outside, or rather tomentose, shining on the in- flowers racemose, distant; sepals large, 3-5-nerved, ovate, acute,
side, the two outer ones minute, linear, the three inner longer than the petals ; petals elliptical, length of the stamens.
ones ovate, furnished with 4-5-stripes. Petals a little longer ħ. F. Native of the North of Africa, in Libya. Cístus mi-
than the calyx. .
. Style erectish, bent at the base. Ovary cránthus, Viv. Al. lib. p. 28. t. 14. f. 4. Petals like those of H.
pilose or villous. Capsule pilose. Seeds numerous, rufes- Surrejànum, yellow.
cent, small.
Subshrubs with round branches, younger ones Small-flowered Sun-Rose. Shrub & foot.
1

CISTINEÆ. II. HELIANTHEMUM.
307
53 H. KAHÍRICUM (Del. fl. ægyp. 93. t. 31. f. 2.) stem much cinus, of many authors, not as is seen in Lin. mant. 565. Leaves
branched, twisted at the base ; branches ascendant; lower leaves with rather revolute margins.
opposite, the rest alternate, obovate, with revolute margins, Var. a, glabrum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 174.) branches and pe-
hoary, stipulate, under surface nerved; racemes secund; flowers
1
duncles glabrous. K.F. Native of Spain.
on short pedicels; pedicels and calyxes villous ; sepals acute; Var. B, pubéscens (D. C. 1. c.) summits of the branches
capsule oblong, villous. ħ. F. Native of Egypt. Cistus sti- pubescent as well as peduncles. h. F. Native of the King-
pulàtus B, Forsk, ægyp. 101. Petals approximate at the top. dom of Naples.
Cairo Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 foot. Heath-like Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt.? Sh. 1 to 11 foot.
54 H. CONFE'RTUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 274.) 59 H. FUMA'NA (Mill. dict. no. 6.) stem branched, twisted,
stem naked at the base, branched ; branches clothed with very rather diffuse, erectish ; lower branches procumbent; leaves al-
short cinereous tomentum; leaves lanceolate elliptical, bluntish, ternate, linear, with pilose,
ternate, linear, with pilose, roughish, rather involute margins ;
minutely tomentose on both surfaces, upper
surface green,
,
under lower leaves short, crowded, upper ones scattered and longer ;
surface canescent; stipulas linear, small; racemes small, secund, peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, rarely rameal, usually almost op-
opposite the leaves and terminal; flowers crowded, almost ses- posite the leaves or terminal, longer than the leaves; capsules
sile; calyxes pilose; inner sepals acute.
sepals acute. h. F. Native of open, naked. ñ. F. Native of the south of France, Spain,
Teneriffe. Petals yellow.
Portugal, Switzerland, Gothland and Italy. Sweet, cist. t. 16.
Crowded-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. ? Sh. 1 foot. Cistus Fumana, Lin. spec. 740. Jacq. aust. t. 252. Cistus hù-
55 H. CANARIE'NSE (Willd. enum. 571.) stem procumbent; milis, seu chamæcistus ericæ fòlio, luteus erectior, Bauh. pin.
)
.
branches rather tomentose, hoary; leaves stalked, opposite and 466. Magn. bot. 69. Pedicels and calyxes sparingly pilose.
alternate, somewhat ovate-elliptic, obtuse, covered with very Var. a, május (D. C. prod. 1. p. 275.) leaves larger. Cistus
short glaucous tomentum on both surfaces, under surface hoary- Fumana A. Desf. atl. 1. p. 414. t. 105, exclusive of the synonym
cinereous; stipulas awl-shaped, shorter than the footstalks; ra- of Lin. and Barrel. Petals of all the varieties imbricate.
cemes terminal erect, furnished with minute bracteas; flowers on Var. B, minus (D. C. 1. c.) leaves somewhat filiform. Bar-
short pedicels ; pedicels hoary-tomentose. ħ. F. Native of rel. icon. 286. and 446.
Grand Canary and Lancerotta Island, in arid places. Cístus Var. Y, virgàtum (D. C. 1. c.) branches twiggy. H. fuma-
Canariensis, Jacq. icon. 1. p. 97. misc. 2. p. 339. H. canés- noìdes, formerly in the Paris garden.
cens, Moench. Calyx glaucous; inner sepals ovate, bluntish. Fumana Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. Shrub 1 foot.
Petals yellow.
60 H. PROCU’MBENS (Dun. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 275.)
Canary-Island Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1790. Shrub stem procumbent, branched ; branches elongated, younger ones
trailing
hoary ; leaves alternate, linear, rather lax, with the margins
56 H. MUCRONA'TUM (Dunal. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. pilose, as well as under surface; pili strigose; peduncles almost
;
274.) stem erectish, spreading; branches tomentosely-hairy, axillary, shorter than the leaves ; capsules open, bearing the
hoary ; leaves stalked ; ovate-elliptical, ventricose, mucronate, seeds. h. F. Native of the south of France, Italy, and
upper surface green and roughish from stellate hairs, under surface Tauria. Sweet, Cist. t. 68. Barrel. icon. t. 445. Cistus hùmi-
tomentose, hoary; stipulas awl-shaped, pilose, shorter than the lis sive chamæcistus ericæ folio humilior, Magn. bot. p. 69.
footstalks ; racemes generally terminal ; flowers on short pedi- Capsules larger. Nerves of calyx strigose. Petals imbricate.
cels; pedicels tomentosely-hairy. ħ. F. Native of Teneriffe. Procumbent heath-like Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. ?
Calyx clothed with silky hairs ; sepals broad-ovate, bluntish. Shrub procumbent.
Petals yellow.
* * Leaves alternate, stipulate.
Mucronate-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Sh. 1 to 1 foot.
57 H. DISTA'CHIUM (Roth. in ann. bot. 2. p. 34. under Cístus.) 61 H. Ara’BICUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 80.) stem hairy, ascen-
stem suffruticose, stipulate, erect; leaves opposite, oval-oblong, dant ; branches twiggy ; leaves alternate, linear-oblong, hairy,
hoary ; racemes terminal, leafy, 2-parted; flowers opposite the almost sessile; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, almost opposite
leaves. h. F. Native of Portugal.
the leaves, rameal or terminal ; calyxes hairy. h. F. Native
Two-spiked Sun-Rose. Shrub 1 foot.
of Arabia, Italy, and Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 97. Cístus Arábi-
cus, Lin. spec. 745. Smith, fl. græc. t. 503. Cístus ferrugineus,
Lam. dict. 2. p. 25. Cístus Sàvi, Bertol. H. viscídulum, Stev.
Sect. VII. FUMA'NA (meaning unknown.) D. C. prod. 1.
P: 274. Calyx twisted at the apex
before expansion, 5-sepalled; Upper leaves largest. Stipulas ovate acuminated. Petals distinct
.
p;
Arabian Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1826. Shrub
Shrub { foot.
2 outer sepals narrow, small, 3 inner ones ovate, acuminated,
62 H. LÆ'VIPES (Willd. enum. 570.) stem ascendant; leaves
4-5-veined, with scarious margins. Petals yellow, small, almost stipulate, setaceous, glaucous, smoothish; buds leafy, axillary ;
twice the length of the sepals.
rather longer than the stamens
, when in flower oblique, after stipulas long, filiform ; peduncles long, disposed in secund ra-
cemes ; pedicels glabrous, and bracteate at the base ; calyxes
flowering erectish. Stigma capitate, fringed, somewhat 3-lobed.
hairy.
h. F. Native of the south of Provence, Spain, and
Capsule 3-valved, open, spreading; seeds few, blackish or ru-
Dalmatia, on rocks exposed to the sun. Sweet, cist. t. 24.
fescent, angular. Stems suffruticose. Leaves linear, sessile or
Cistus læ'vìpes, Lin. spec. 739. Jacq. hort.
. Schoenb. t.
sub-sessile, narrow. Pedicels 1-flowered, drooping before the
158. Cav. icon. 2. p. 56. t. 173.–Ger. gallo-prov. p. 394. no.
expansion of the flower ; when in flower erect, but afterwards
6. t. 14.
reflexed.
Var. a, peduncles pubescent.
* Leaves alternate, without stipulas.
Var. B, peduncles almost glabrous.
Smooth-peduncled Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1690.
58 H. ERICOÌDES (Dunal, ined. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 274.) Shrub 1: foot.
stem erect ; leaves alternate, umbricate, semi-cylindrical, short,
smoothish ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, opposite the leaves
*** Leaves opposite and alternate, furnished with stipulas.
or terminal, longer than the leaves ; capsules open, naked ?h.
2. 63 H. LÆ'VE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem erectish, glabrous,
F. Cistus ericoides, Cav. icon. 2. p. 56. t. 172. Cístus caly- branched; branches erect ; leaves linear, sessile, glabrous, with
Rr 2

308
CISTINEÆ. II. HELIANTHEMUM.
,
.
-
)
.
revolute margins, keeled, opposite, upper ones alternate, stipu- SECT. VIII. PSEUDOCI'stus (from fevòns, pseudes, false, and
late; stipulas long, awl-shaped ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, KLOTOS, cistos ; False Cistus.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 276. Calyx of
sub-terminal; calyxes smooth. h. F. Native of Spain, on 5 sepals, outer sepals narrow, minute, inner ones 4-veined. Petals
hills. Cístus læ'vis, Cav. icon. 2. p. 35. t. 145. f. 1. exclusive yellow, small, scarcely twice the length of the sepals. Style
of the synonym of Barrel.
twisted at the base, and bent inwards at the apex, usually shorter
Smooth Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 foot. than the stamens, rarely longer. Stigma capitate, 3-lobed. Cap-
64 H. vI'RIDE (Tenor. prod. fl. neap. p. 31.) stem ascendant, sule small. Seeds few, rather rufescent. Perennial herbs, or
glabrous; leaves opposite, linear, with revolute margins, gla- subshrubs. Leaves stalked, feather-nerved, opposite, usually
brous, green, somewhat mucronate, stipulate; stipulas awl- without stipulas, rarely with stipulas at the summits of branches.
shaped, much smaller than the leaves; peduncles racemose, Flowers secund, racemose, or panicled. Pedicels bracteate
beset with clammy villi, as well as the calyx. h. F. Native
ħ
at the base, recurved before flowering, when in flower erect,
of Sicily. Leaves pale-green.
but afterwards reflexed. Bracteas sessile, linear-lanceolate.
Green-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. Shrub 70 H. MÓLLE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) suffruticose ; branches
1 foot.
almost simple, pilose ; leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, stalked,
65 H. JUNIPERI'NUM (Lag. in litt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 275.) hairy-tomentose on both surfaces, soft; racemes simple, and are,
.
,
stem ascendant, branched ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, ciliated, as well as calyxes, hairy-tomentose, cinereous. h. F. Native
mucronate, flat, with rather revolute margins, opposite; upper of Spain. Cístus mollis, Cav. icon. 3. p. 31. t. 262. f. 2. Brac-
leaves alternate; stipulas awl-shaped, upper ones longest ; pe- teas awl-shaped, minute, pilosely-tomentose, cinereous.
duncles racemose, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with Soft-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1817. Shrub
clammy hairs. h. F. Native of the south of France, Italy,
1 foot.
and the kingdom of Tunis. Cistus læ'vipes, Durand ! Gouan.. 71 H. ORIGANIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) stem suffruti-
fl. monsp. 263 ? Cístus Mauritánicus, Thib.! ined.-Barrel. cose, di-trichotomous ; leaves stalked, ovate, pilose on both sur-
icon. t. 443. Bracteas solitary, linear.
faces ; racemes short, terminal ; petals scarcely longer than the
;
Juniper-like Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1800. Shrub calyx. ħ. F. Native of Spain.
Native of Spain. Cístus origanifolius, Lam.
1 foot.
dict. 2. p. 20. Cav. icon. 3. p. 31. t. 262. f. 1. Calyx oblong.
66 H. BARRELIE'RI (Tenor. prod. Al. neap. p. 31.) stem erect; Petals one-half smaller than those of H. mólle.
branches villously pubescent; leaves linear-oblong, narrowed at Marjoram-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1795.
the base, pubescent, with revolute and ciliated margins, oppo- Shrub } foot.
site; upper leaves alternate; stipulas linear-awl-shaped, mu- 72 Á. DICHÓTOMUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 276.)
cronate, erect; peduncles racemose, few-flowered, and are, as suffruticose ; branches dichotomous, smoothish ; leaves minute,
well as the calyxes, beset with clammy villi. h. F.
h. F. Native of ovate, acute, glabrous, with revolute margins, on short foot-stalks ;
Italy and Spain.-Barrel. rar. icon. 416.—Sims, bot. mag. 2371. racemes slender, few-flowered. h. F. Native of Spain. Cís-
Barrelier's Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1820. Shrub tus dichotomus, Cav. icon. 3. p. 32. t. 263. f. 1. Flowers small,
1 foot.
deep yellow, hardly the size of those of Spergula nodòsa. Leaves
67 H. SY'RTICUM (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 593.) hairy ; branches small, having the appearance of those of Thymus piperélla.
spreading, clothed with appressed white hairs ; leaves almost Dichotomous-branched Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. .
sessile, opposite, flattish, linear-elliptical, beset with scattered 1826. Shrub 1 foot, prostrate,
hairs, hoary underneath, with revolute margins ; upper leaves 73 H. ELA'NDICUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 817.) stem suffruticose,
linear, and more acute ; stipulas leaf-like, but not above half procumbent, branched ; leaves lanceolate-elliptical
, bluntish,
the size of the leaves, but the upper ones are about equal in size green on both surfaces, usually glabrous, sometimes ciliated,
to the leaves; flowers disposed in a short secund raceme. Sepals stalked, upper leaves sessile ; racemes simple, few-flowered;
5, densely beset with bristles, inner ones roundish-ovate, 5- calyx somewhat globose-ovate. h. H. Native of the Alps of
nerved, outer ones round and very short. Þ.F. Native of Europe, especially the north of France, Eland, Switzerland, and
.
the North of Africa, in the Great Syrtis. Cistus Sýrticus, Viv. Austria. Sweet, cist. t. 85. Cístus Elándicus, Lin. spec. 741.
fl. lib. p. 27. t. 14. f. 2. Flowers violet?
Chamæcístus, 2. Clus. hist. p. 73. icon. Bracteas minute,
Syrtic Sun-Rose. Shrub 1 foot.
sessile, linear-oblong. Flowers few, approximate. Petals dis-
68 H. THYMIFÒLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stems procum-
tinct.
bent ; branches pubescent; leaves almost linear, very short, Eland Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1816. Shrub
pubescent, opposite, upper ones alternate ; stipulas mucronate, trailing.
erect; peduncles few-flowered, clothed with clammy villi. h.F. 74 H. PULCHE'LLUM (Sweet, cist. t. 74.) stem suffruticose,
Native of Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 102.
Sweet, cist. t. 102. Cistus thymifòlius, Lin. procumbent, branched ; branches clothed with hoary tomentum ;
spec. 743. Smith, fl. græc. t. 500—Barrel. icon. rar. t. 444. H. leaves roundish or ovate, obtuse, upper
leaves roundish or ovate, obtuse, upper surface green, beset with
glutinosum, ß. fl. fr. 4. p. 821. Young leafy shoots in the axils hispid hairs, under surface clothed with hoary tomentum, with
of the leaves. Petals imbricate.
the margins a little revolute; racemes simple ; calyxes pilose,
Thyme-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1658. Shrub hoary; petals imbricate. h. H. Native of Germany? H. al-
procumbent.
pestre, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 590. but not of others. Flowers
69 H. GLUTINÒSUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem ascendant; yellow.
branches clothed with clammy hairs, somewhat cinereous; leaves Neat Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1820. Shrub pro-
almost linear, with revolute margins, villous, clammy, somewhat cumbent.
cinereous, opposite, upper ones alternate ; lower stipulas minute, 75 H. ALPE'STRE (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 276.)
the rest long, loose; peduncles and calyxes villous, clammy; stem suffruticose, procumbent, branched; branches pilosely-
petals distinct. h. F.
Native of the south of France, and hairy ; leaves greenish on both surfaces, oblong-elliptical, rather
Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 83. Cístus glutinosus, Lin. mant. 246.- glabrous, or with hairs in fascicles, stalked, upper leaves almost
Barrel. icon. rar. 512. t. 415? Cav. icon. 2. t. 145. f. 2. Pe- sessile; pedicels and calyxes pilosely-hairy; hairs cinereous.
tals pale yellow, crenulated at the top.
h. H. Native of Germany, Switzerland, Italy, France, on
Clammy Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Sept. Cit. 1790. Shrub 1 ft. rocks. Cístus alpestris, Crantz. austr. p. 103. t. 6. f. 1. Wahl.
a
.

CISTINEÆ. II. HELIANTHEMUM.
309
7,
.
helv. p. 103. Cístus Elandicus, Jacq. austr. t. 399. Petals under surface, as well as every where over the upper surface:
twice the length of calyx, imbricate.
covered with strigose pili. Ovary triquetrous, with marginate
Var. a, glabràtum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 277.) leaves smoothish, pilose angles. Perhaps Cistus marifòlius, Smith, eng. bot. 396.
.
oblong-elliptical, bluntish, with pilose footstalks.
Hoary Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. Shrub
pro-
Var. B, elongàtum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) branches elongated ; cumbent.
leaves acute, pilose on both surfaces. Cístus. Seguièri, Pourr. 81 H. MARIFOLIUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 817.) suffruticose, pro-
ined.
cumbent; leaves without stipulas, stalked, ovate-cordate or
Var. canéscens (D. C. prod. 1. c.) younger leaves, peduncles, ovate, acutish, upper surface green, pilose, under surface hoary ;
and calyxes pilose, cinereously-canescent. Cístus (Elándicus, racemes solitary, simple, few-flowered, terminal. h. H. Na-
Gouan. fi. monsp. p. 263 ?
tive of Italy, Spain, and south of France. Cístus marifolius, Lin.
Alp Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub procumbent. spec. 741. but not of Bieb. A. taur, cauc.-Barrel. icon. rar.
76 H. PENICILLA'TUM (Thib. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 277.) 521. t. 441. Calyxes ovate-oblong.
.
suffruticose ; branches procumbent, long, hispid ; leaves green, Marum-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Shrub
with the nerves on both surfaces hispid, as well as the margins, trailing Ž foot.
lower leaves stalked, ovate, smaller, upper ones linear-oblong, 82 H. SE'RRÆ (Cambess. in mem. mus. 14. p. 216. t. 11.)
almost sessile ; racemes simple, and are as well as the calyxes his- stem humble, erect, suffruticose, branched ; leaves opposite,
pid ; flowers minute. h. H. Native of Spain, as well as the without stipulas, on short footstalks, somewhat cordate-ovate,
south of France. Cístus echioides, Lam. dict. 2. p. 21? Cístus fleshy, glaucous ; flowers in racemose-corymbs; ovary 3-celled;
,
A'nglicus, Lin. mant. 245 ? Plant with the habit of Myosotis style jointed at the base ; stigma thickened. h. F. Native of
Láppula.
the larger islands between Palma and a place called Prat in the
Pencilled-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub sand by the sea-side. Leaves glabrous, rather hairy on the
trailing
margins. Flowers yellow.
77 H. OBOVA'TUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 277.) Serra's Sun-Rose. Fl. March, April. Shrub foot.
suffruticose ; branches spreading, somewhat dichotomous, clothed 83 H. RUBE'LLUM (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 591.) leaves
with cinereous tomentum towards the apex ; leaves obovate or ob- ovate-roundish or oblong, acute, upper surface dark-red and
long, obtuse, green on both surfaces, ciliated, pilosely-strigose, smooth, under surface hoary, tomentose; flowers racemose, pen-
lower leaves minute ; racemes simple, 3-flowered ; bracteas dulous; calyx hairy. h.F. Native of Sicily.
green ; calyxes pilose, cinereous. h. F. Native of Spain near Red-leaved Sun-Rose. Shrub į foot.
Aranjuez. Cístus Italicus, Lin. spec. 740, exclusive of the 84 H. ROTUNDIFOLIUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p.
synonyms. Leaves ending in the short footstalks.
277.) stem suffruticose, branched at the base ; branches simple,
Obovate-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Shrub tomentose, hoary, for the most part decumbent at the base ;
1 to 1 foot.
leaves on short footstalks, upper surface greenish-glaucous, un-
78 H. ITA’LICUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) suffruticose ; branches
;
der surface clothed with white tomentum, lower leaves almost
simple, erect, long, pilosely-tomentose; leaves pilosely-hispid; round, the rest ovate, uppermost ones stipulate ; stipulas small,
hairs strigose, appressed, lower leaves ovate, smaller, upper ones oblong, deciduous ; racemes solitary in twos or threes, somewhat
lanceolate, oblong or oblong-linear ; racemes simple, and are as panicled, crowded, terminal ; calyxes hairy. h. F. Native of
well as calyxes pilosely-hispid, canescent. h. H. Native of Spain and Barbary. Cístus nummulàrius, Cav. icon. 2. p. 34.
the Mediterranean in dry regions. Cístus Itálicus, Lin. spec. t. 142. Desf. atl. 1. p. 423. exclusive of the synonyms of Lin-
740. Cístus marifolius, Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. 2. p. 8.-Barrel. næus and Magnol.
icon. rar. 510. t. 366.
Round-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Shrub decumbent.
Var. a, strigòsum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 277.) leaves greenish on 85 H. CRASSIFÒLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) stem suffruticose,
both surfaces, strigosely-pilose; peduncles and calyxes pilosely- erect, rather glabrous; leaves somewhat fleshy, on short foot-
tomentose, hoary. H. strigòsum, Fisch. in litt.
stalks ; lower leaves ovate, acute, without stipulas, upper ones
Var. B, candidíssimum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves, peduncles, oblong-linear, stipulate; racemes short, rather umbellate; calyxes
and calyxes clothed with white tomentum.
pilose at the base. h. F. Native of Barbary and Spain.
Var. y, álbidum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves whitish-tomentose Cístus glaúcus, Desf. atl. 1. p. 418. but not of Cav. H. Sétxe,
on the under surface.
Lag. in litt. on account of the plant being called Setxe in the
Italian Sun-Rose. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1799. Shrub { to 1 ft. kingdom of Valentia in Spain. Leaves rather pilose on the
79. H. VINEA'LE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 77.) suffruticose, procum- upper surface at the margins, as well as on the under surface on
bent; branches ascendant, pilosely-tomentose, canescent; leaves
the middle nerve. Footstalks with a few long white hairs.
ovate-oblong, upper surface green, strigosely-pilose, under sur- Thick-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 ft.
face tomentose, hoary; racemes simple, few-flowered, and are as 86 H. PANICULA'TUM (Dunal, ined. and D.C. prod. 1.
P.
278.)
well as the calyxes pilosely-tomentose, canescent. h. H. Na- suffruticose, procumbent; branches ascendant and erect, flori-
tive of the south of Germany, Switzerland, France, and Spain. ferous branches long, upper part stipulate; leaves stalked, ovate,
Sweet, cist. t. 77. Cístus vineàlis, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1195. bluntish, rarely roundish, upper surface green, under surface
Perhaps a variety of H. cànum. Petals distinct.
hoary ; racemes opposite and tern, panicled. ħ. F. Native
Vineyard Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1817. Trailing shrub. of Spain and Sicily
on mountains. Cístus marifòlius herb. Thib.
80 H. CA'NUM (Dunal, ined. Ď. C. prod. 1. p. 277.) stem Cístus nummulàrius var. Lag. in litt. H. sp. nova Schouw. in
suffruticose, procumbent, branched, ascendant, pilosely-tomen- litt. Stipulas minute, linear, acute. Flowers small.
tose, hoary ; leaves obovate, ovate, ovate-oblong or elliptical, Panicled-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1826.
pilose, upper surface green, under surface somewhat tomentose, Shrub procumbent.
hoary; racemes simple; pedicels and calyxes pilose, canescent ; 87 H. POLYA'NTHOS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem suffruticose,
petals distinct. h. F. Native of the south of France and Ger- erect, hairy; leaves stalked, lower ones ovate, obtuse, smaller,
many. Sweet, cist. 56. Cístus cànus, Lin. spec. 740. Jacq. aus. under surface hoary, tomentose, stem ones ovate-oblong or lan-
t. 277. All. pedm. no. 1664. t. 45. Chamæcistus 3, Clus. hist. ceolate, greenish on both surfaces, with ciliated margins, stipu-
p. 74. Leaves variable, on the margin and middle nerve, on the late; stipulas longer than the footstalks ; racemes hairy, pani-
,
.

310
CISTINEÆ. II. HELIANTHEMUM.
YA
-
cled; pedicels filiform, and are as well as calyxes hairy. ħ. F. Lam. dict. 2. p. 25.—Barrel. icon. t. 288. Furnished with ax-
Native of the North of Africa. Cístus polyánthos, Desf. A. atl. illary leafy branches.
1. p. 420. t. 108.
Var. B, Syriacum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 279.) leaves rather flat,
Many-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot.
upper surface greenish-grey. Cístus Syriacus, Jacq. icon.rar.t.96.
88 H. CINE'REUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 76.) stem suffruticose, Var. Thibaùdi (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) racemes long, erect.
erect, branched; branches opposite, hoary ; leaves ovate, acute, Cístus racemòsus. Cav. icon. 2. p. 33. t. 140. Perhaps the
tapering into the footstalk, densely-tomentose, and cinereously- same plant after flowering.
hoary, without stipulas; upper leaves stipulate ; racemes pani- Lavender-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July
Clt. 1739.
cled, axillary opposite, or terminal in threes; calyxes hispid. Shrub 1 foot.
h. F. Native of Spain. Cístus cinèreus, Cav, icon. 2. p. 33. 92 H. BROUSSONE'TII (Dunal, ined. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 279.)
t. 141. Flowers small. Petals entire.
stem shrubby, branched; branches opposite; leaves flat, on
Var. B, Lagascànum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 278.) stems slender; short footstalks, oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, tomentose on both
calyxes less hairy than in var. a. Lag. in litt.
surfaces, under surface hoary, upper surface greenish-grey;
Grey-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Sh. 1 foot.
..
stipulas and bracteas caducous, linear, rather tomentose ; racemes
89 H. PILOSELLOI' DES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 284.) suffruticose, short, branched; flowers secund; calyxes oblong, acute ; inner
without stipulas ; leaves elongately-elliptic, obtuse on long sepals 4-nerved, rather tomentose, yellowish. h. F. Native of
footstalks, upper surface green, under surface hoary-tomentose,
-
the island of Teneriffe. Style twice the length of stamens, al-
both sides hairy; flowers in panicles. h. H. Native of the
h. H. Native of the most erect. Stipulas somewhat falcate.
Pyrenees on rocks exposed to the sun. Cístus piloselloides, Broussonet's Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot.
Lapeyr. abr. 301. Flowers yellow.
93 H. STECHADIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem erect ;
Pilosella-like Sun-Rose. Shrub.
branches hoary, tomentose ; leaves oblong-linear, bluntish, some-
90 H. SQUAMMA'TUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem suffruticose; what tomentose on both surfaces, under surface hoary, upper
branches long, erect, rather woody, silvery, leprous; leaves surface greenish-grey, with revolute margins ; stipulas rather
stalked, oblong, obtuse, leprously-silvery, stipulate ; stipulas villous, linear-lanceolate ; racemes revolute before flowering ;
small, sessile, acute, marcescent; racemes axillary, solitary, and in flowers crowded; calyxes villous; outer sepals ciliated, green,
threes terminal ; pedicels approximate, secund, bracteate at the inner ones acuminated, hoary. h, H. Native of Spain and
base ; bracteas marcescent; calyxes leprous. h. F. Native Corsica. Sweet, cist. icon. ind.
ħ. F. Native Corsica. Sweet, cist. icon. ind. Cístus stoechadifolius, Brot.
of Spain and Barbary. Cístus squammàtus, Lin. spec. 743. fl. lus. 2. p. 270.
Cav. icon. 2. t. 139. Desf. fl.atl. 1. p. 416.—Barrel. icon. rar. t.
.
French-Lavender-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816
328. bad. Branches 4-angled at the base. Plant covered with Sh. 1 ft.
leprous round scales, which are depressed in the centre. Style 94 H. CRÒCEUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem shrubby, some-
twisted at the base, bent, longer than the stamens. Leafy branch- what procumbent, branched; branches simple, erect, hoary,
es axillary.
tomentose; leaves rather tomentose, under surface canescent,
Scaly Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. Shrub foot. upper surface glaucous, with revolute margins; lower leaves
almost round, middle ones elliptic, obtuse, upper ones lanceolate,
SECT. IX. EUHELIA'NTHEMUM (from evs, eus, genuine, ndios, acutish ; stipulas and bracteas erect, linear-oblong, villous, rather
helios, the sun, and avfoc, anthos, a flower ; that is to say, genuine greenish ; calyxes yellowish-glaucous, minutely pubescent. h.
species of Sun-Rose.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 278. Calyx of 5 sepals, H. Native of Spain and Barbary. Sweet, cist. t. 53. Cístus
rather twisted at the top, before expansion ; outer sepals usually croceus, Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 422. t. 110. Lower stipulas minute.
spreading, much smaller than the inner ones, which are usually Petals yellow, very much imbricated.
2 or 4 ribbed, furrowed, with scarious margins, with the inner Var. a, stipulas longer than the footstalks of the leaves.
surface shining,, and with the angles generally pilose. Petals 2, Var. B, stipulas setaceous, shorter than the footstalks of the
3, or 4 times longer than the calyx. Stamens numerous. Style leaves.
bent at the base, but somewhat club-shaped at the apex. Stig- Var. branches procumbent; leaves smaller ; racemes few-
ma simple. Capsule covered by the calyx, 3-valved, 1-celled, flowered.
opening at the apex. Seeds few, convex on the outside, and Saffron-coloured-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. ?
angular on the inside. Subshrubs, with the stems branched Shrub procumbent.
from the base ; branches numerous, erect or procumbent, but 95 À. ANDERSONI (Sweet, cist. t. 89.) stem suffruticose, pro-
generally ascendant. Leaves opposite, on short footstalks, lower cumbent, branched; branches ascending, canescently tomentose;
ones smallest, usually with revolute margins, stipulate ; stipulas leaves oblong-lanceolate, acutish, rather tomentose, grey above,
linear-lanceolate. Racemes terminal, secund, simple, curved and canescent beneath, with the margins a little revolute; stipulas
backwards before flowering, after flowering erect, elongated. linear, awl-shaped, ciliated, a little longer than the petioles ;
Pedicels laterally bracteate at the base, drooping before flowering, calyx tomentose ; petals imbricate. h. H. Flowers yellow.
when in flower erect, after flowering recurved or reflexed. This is a hybrid from H. cròceum, fertilized by the pollen of H.
pulverulentum.
* Petals yellow.
Anderson's Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1827. Sh. ascendant.
96 H. NUDICAUʻLE (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 279.)
91 H. LAVANDULÆFÒLIUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 820.) stem suf- stem shrubby, branched ; branches smooth at bottom, but hoary-
fruticose, erect, branched ; branches long, terete, canescent; villous at the top ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, with revolute mar-
leaves oblong-linear, with revolute margins, under surface tomen- gins, tomentose on both surfaces, under surface hoary, upper
tose, hoary, younger leaves canescent on both surfaces; stipulas surface yellowish-green; stipulas linear, longer than the petioles ;
and bracteas linear, acute, ciliated; racemes 1-3 terminal; flow- calyxes profoundly sulcate, hardly pubescent, with elevated pilose
;
ers crowded ; calyxes glaucous; sepals ciliated, outer ones mi-
;
Y,
a
h. H. Native of Spain, on mountains in the kingdom
nute, these become reflexed after flowering, inner sepals 2- of Valentia. Petals yellow. Perhaps a variety of H. cròceum ?
nerved, oblique, acute. h. H. Native of the south of France, Naked-stemmed Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826.
Barbary, Spain, and Syria, in dry places. Cístus lavandulæfolius, Shrub procumbent.
nerves.

CISTINEÆ. II, HELIANTHEMUM.
311
p. 31.
.
a
-
97 H. GLAUCUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem suffruticose, at first rather pilose, afterwards almost smooth ; stipulas and
branched ; branches ascendant, hoary-tomentose, hispid at the bracteas green, ciliated ; calyxes canescent, with inconspicuous
top; leaves ciliated on their margins, scarcely revolute, tomen- down, and with the nerves sparingly pilose. h. H. Native
tose on both surfaces, under surface hoary, upper surface green- of the alps of Styria and Austria, as well as on the mountains
ish-glaucous ; lower leaves round, the rest elliptic, or lanceolate- of Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 60. Cístus serpyllifòlius, Lin. spec.
oblong; stipulas and bracteas pubescent, green; pedicels and 743. As in the preceding and following plants, the lower leaves
calyxes beset with white hairs. h. H. Native of Spain and are smaller, orbicular, and ovate. Petals distinct.
Italy. Sweet, cist. t. 111. Cístus glaúcus, Cav. icon. 3.
Wild-thyme-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1731.
t. 261. but not of Desf. Petals sulphur-coloured.
Shrub procumbent.
Var. a, acutiúsculum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 279.) upper leaves 103 H. VULGA'RE (Gært. fruct. 1. p. 371. t. 76.) stem suffru-
oblong, rather acuminated, upper surface glaucescent; calyxesticose, procumbent, branched ; branches elongated ; leaves
,
clothed with soft hairs.
scarcely revolute at the margins, under surface cinereously-
Var. B, obtusiúsculum, upper leaves oblong-elliptical, bluntish, hoary, upper surface green, pilose, somewhat ciliated ; lower leaves
upper surface roughish, green; calyxes somewhat hispid.
somewhat orbicular, middle ones ovate-elliptical, upper ones
Glaucous Sun-Rose. Fl. June, August. Clt. 1815. Shrub
Clt. 1815. Shrub oblong; stipulas oblong-linear, ciliated, longer than the foot-
1 foot.
stalks of the leaves; racemes loose ; pedicels and calyxes pilose.
98 H. TOMENTO'SUM (Dunal, ined. and D.C. prod. 1. p. 279.) h. H. Native of dry and hilly pastures throughout Europe ;
stem suffruticose, branched; branches elongated, ascendant, common in Britain. Cístus Helianthemum, Lin.
spec.
1.
p.
744.
somewhat canescent; leaves lanceolate-oblong, usually with re- Fl. dan. t. 101. Smith, engl. bot. 1321. Curt. fi. lond. fasc. 5.
volute margins, under surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface t. 36. Petals yellow, entire, with a fulvous base, imbricate.
smoothish, green; calyxes furrowed, with elevated pilose nerves. Var. a; branches rather tomentose, pubescent; stipulas
ħ. H. Native of Spain and France : in Britain, on the moun- hardly longer than the footstalks of the leaves.
tains of Scotland. Smith, eng. bot. 2208.-Scop. carn. t. 24 ? Var. B; branches glabrous at the base, pubescent at the
Pedicels hoary, pilosely-tomentose. Bracteas smooth. Calyx top; stipulas 2 or 3 times longer than the footstalks of the
violaceous. Petals yellow, imbricate. Stipulas a little fringed. leaves.
Tomentose Sun-Rose. Fl. July. Scotland. Shrub trailing: Var. y, flore-pleno ; flowers double. Sweet, cist. t. 64.
99 H. BARBA'TUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79. Sweet, cist. t. 73.) Common Sun-Rose. Fl. May, September. Britain. Shrub
stem suffruticose, erect, much branched ; branches clothed trailing.
with fascicled hairs; leaves hairy, green on both surfaces; lower 104 H. SURREJA'NUM (Mill. dict. no. 15.) stem suffruti-
ones roundish-ovate, upper ones elliptical; stipulas oblong, cili- cose, procumbent ; leaves ovate-oblong, rather pilose; racemes
ated, hairy, longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; racemes many-flowered, terminal; petals narrow lanceolate, jagged. h.H.
long, hairy, bearded, many-flowered ; calyxes warted, hairy; Native of England in the county of Surrey, near Croydon,
petals crenulated, imbricate at the base. h. H. Native of the Sweet, cist. t. 28. Cístus Surrejànus, Lin. spec. 743. Smith, engl.
south of Europe. Cistus barbàtus, Lam. dict. 2. p. 24. Petals bot. 2207.-Dill. elth. 177. t. 145. f. 174. Stipulas linear-lan-
yellow.
ceolate, length of petioles. Calyxes pilose. Petals distinct.
Bearded-racemed Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July.
--
Clt. 1820. Surrey Sun-Rose. Fl. July, Oct. England. Shrub foot.
Shrub 1 foot.
105 H. OVA'TUM (Dunal. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 280.)
100 H. LEPTOPHYLLUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. stem suffruticose, procumbent, much branched; branches villous,
279.) stem suffruticose, woody, rather procumbent, branched ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, tapering into the footstalks, bluntish,
branches ascendant, rather tomentose, greyish; leaves narrow, silky-villous on both surfaces, ciliated ; stipulas somewhat longer
oblong-linear, tapering into the short footstalks, with revolute than the footstalks of the leaves villously-ciliated; peduncles 1-
margins, under surface covered with short cinereous tomentum, 3-flowered, terminal ; calyxes rather villous. h. H. Native
upper surface smoothish, green; stipulas awl-shaped, pilose, on the mountains between Viterbo and Ronciglione, and in the
scarcely longer than the footstalks ; racemes long; calyxes co- Alps about Genoa. Cístus ovatus, Viv. frag. 1. p. 6. t. 8. f. 2.
vered with long hairs. . H. Native of Spain. Sweet, cist. Hairs white, silky.
t. 20. Cístus angustifolius, Lag. in litt. but not of Jacq. Ovate-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub
Cístus stoechadifolius, Hortul. Calyxes furrowed. Petals yellow, procumbent.
imbricate. Bracteas minute. Racemes loose.
106 H. GRANDIFLÒRUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 821.) stem suffru-
p.
Slender-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub ticose, ascendant; branches hairy; upper leaves flattish, oblong,
procumbent.
rather pilose, upper surface green, under surface sometimes pale-
101 H. ACUMINA'TUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) branches erect,
p
cinereous; stipulas ciliated, rather longer than the footstalks of the
pilose at the base and the apex, middle naked ; leaves on long leaves; flowers large ; calyxes rather hairy. ħ.H. Native of
footstalks, oblong, with revolute margins, green on both surfaces, the Pyrenees. Sweet, cist. t. 69. Cístus grandiflorus, Scop. carn.
pilose, under surface rather tomentose; stipulas smoothish, linear, ed. 2. no. 648. t. 25. Differing from H. vulgàre, in being
longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; racemes rather hairy, larger in all its parts. Peduncles and calyxes covered with
few-flowered, loose ; calyxes smooth, shining, transparent. ñ. spreading hairs. Flowers cream-coloured Petals imbricate,
H. Native of the fields about Nice. Cistus serpyllifòlius, Large-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh. ft.
.
Balb. ined. Cistus acuminatus, Viv. fragm. 13. t. 14. f. 1. is 107 H. OBSCU'RUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose,
truly distinct from this plant, and is evidently a variety of ascendant, much branched; branches hairy ; leaves elliptical, hairy
H. guttàtum, or an allied species.
on both surfaces, greenish, upper ones elliptic; stipulas ciliated,
Acuminate Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub
Clt. 1820. Shrub longer than the footstalks ; racemes long; calyxes hairy. H.H.
;
1 foot.
Native of Europe in woods. H. obscùrum a, D. C. fl. fr. 6.
102 H. SERPYLLIFO'LIUM (Mill. dict. no. 8.) stem suffruticose ; p. 624. The lower leaves are roundish and ovate, as well as in
branches ascendant, glabrous at the base and pilose at the apex; the preceding and following species.
leaves oblong-elliptical, with rather revolute margins, under- Obscure Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub
surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface intensely green, shining, ascendant I to 1 foot.
-
.
ܪ

312
CISTINEÆ. II. HELIANTHEMUM.
2. P:
-
108 H. TAU'RICUM (Fisch. mss. Sweet, cist. t. 105.) stem obtuse, with very revolute margins, almost terete, rather hairy,
suffruticose, much branched, procumbent, branches procumbent, greenish; stipulas flat, scarcely pilose, twice the length of the
beset with long hairs; leaves oblong-lanceolate, with rather footstalks of the leaves ; pedicels hispid, whitish ; calyxes shining,
revolute margins, pilose on both surfaces, green above and paler furrowed; nerves ciliated with white hairs. h. F. Native of
beneath ; stipulas lanceolate-linear, ciliated, longer than the Spain. H. hírtum var.? Lag. in litt. Calyxes small. Leaves
petiole; flowers large; calyx shining, rather hairy; petals im- short.
bricate. . H. Native of Tauria. Petals pale-yellow.
Lagasca's Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1826. Sh. I to 1 ft.
Taurian Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1820. Shrub pro-
** Petals white, rose-coloured, red, pale-sulphur coloured, or
cumbent.
109 H. LU'CIDUM (Horn. cat. hort. hafn. 498.) stem suffruti-
variegated with these colours.
cose, procumbent ; leaves stipulate, ovate, green, glossy, with 115 H. VIOLA'CEUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem erector
revolute margins. Þ. H. Native of ? Flowers yellow. ascendant, much branched ; branches opposite; branchlets slen-
Shining-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. Shrub der, tomentosely-hairy, hoary ; leaves small, almost linear,
procumbent.
obtuse, with revolute margins, somewhat tomentose on both sur-
110 H. NUMMULA'RIUM (Mill. dict. no. 11.) stem suffruticose; faces, under surface canescent; stipulas minute, pilose, racemes
branches procumbent, hairy ; lower leaves orbicular, upper ones few-flowered, loose; calyxes smooth, violaceous, nervedly fur-
oblong-linear, hairy, under surface greenish-cinereous; stipulas rowed. h. F. Native of Spain. Cístus violaceus, Cav. icon.
linear-oblong, twice the length of the footstalks of the leaves ; 2. p. 38. t. 147. Petals white.
.
racemes and calyxes hairy. K.H. Native of the south of Violaceous-calyxed Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1826. Shrub
France and in Italy. Sweet, cist. t. 80. Cístus nummulàrius a,
,
1 to 1 foot.
Lin. spec. 743. not of Desf. and Cav. H. obscurum B, num- 116 H. RACEMÒSUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 281.)
mulàrium, D. C. f. fr. 6. p. 624.
624. H. angustifolium of many stem shrubby, branched; branches erect, terete, hoary-tomen-
botanic gardens. Petals slightly imbricate.
tose ; leaves on short footstalks, narrow-linear or linear-lanceo-
Money-wort-leaved Sun-Rose.
Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1752. late, with revolute margins, under surface hoary, upper surface
Shrub procumbent.
greenish, shining; stipulas awl-shaped, longer than the foot-
111 H. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruti- stalks of the leaves ; pedicels hoary; calyxes nervosely-fur-
cose, diffuse ; branches rather tomentose, cinereous; leaves on rowed, brownish-violet. h. F. Native of Spain, Barbary,
short footstalks, upper ones linear-oblong, with revolute margins, Teneriffe. Sweet, cist. t. 82. Cístus racemòsus, Lin. mant.
acutish, under surface clothed with canescent tomentum, upper 76 ? Lam. dict. 2. p. 25. Vahl. symb. 1. p. 39. Willd. spec.
surface rather hispid; stipulas pilose, longer than the footstalks ; . 1208. exclusive of synonyms of Cav. and Barrel. Petals
racemes loose ; calyxes pubescent, rather hairy; hairs deciduous. white, yellow at the base, imbricate.
h.H. Native of — ? Probably the same as the preceding Racemose-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot.
species. Cistus angustifolius, Jacq. vind. 3. t. 53. Petals nar- 117 H. FARINÒSUM (Sweet, cist. p. 18.) stem shrubby, erect,
row at the base, rather unguiculate, distinct from each other. branched, tomentosely-hoary; leaves on short footstalks, linear
Narrow-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 ft. or lanceolate-linear, with revolute margins, hoary, and powdered
,
112 H. OBTUSIFOLIUM (Dunal. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. on both surfaces; stipulas awl-shaped, longer than the footstalks
281.) stem suffruticose, branched; branches tomentose, hoary ; of the leaves ; calyx powdery, as well as beset with very short
leaves small, stalked, linear-oblong, obtuse, with revolute mar-
hairs. h. F. Native of Spain. H. racemòsum ß, farinòsum,
gins, under surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface green and D. C. prod. 1. p. 281. Flowers white.
beset with long scattered white hairs; stipulas green, oblong- Mealy Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub 1 foot.
linear, flat, obtuse, scarcely ciliated, length of footstalks; calyxes 118 H. STRICTUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose,
hispid. h. H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Cístus ciliàtus,
, erect, branched; branches straight, hoary-tomentose; leaves
Cas. Rostung in litt, not of Desf. Petals yellow.
almost sessile, very narrow, linear-awl-shaped, with revolute
Blunt-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub 1 foot.
1
margins, canescent; stipulas linear, setaceous; calyxes pilose, ner-
113 H. uirtum (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose, vously-striated, yellowish, smoothish. ħ. F. Native of Spain.
branched; branches ascendant, numerous, tomentosely-hairy, Cistus stríctus, Čav. icon. 3. p. 32. t. 263. f. 2. Petals white.
; ,
t
cinereous; leaves ovate or oblong, with revolute margins, under Straight-branched Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
surface canescent, upper surface greenish-cinereous; stipulas Shrub } to 1 foot.
narrow, rather longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; calyxes 119 H. PILÒSUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose,
densely covered with white hairs ; petals obcordate, imbricate. branched ; branches erectish ; leaves linear or linear-oblong,
h. F. Native of Spain and south of France. Sweet, cist. t. hoary on both surfaces, and bristly at the apex; stipulas awl-
109. Cistus hírtus, Lin. spec. 744. Smith, fl. græc. t. 501. ex- shaped ; calyxes rather pilose, nervously-striated. ñ .F. Na-
clusive of synonym of Barrelleir, Cav. icon. 2. p. 37. t. 146. tive of Spain and the south of France. Sweet, cist. t. 49.
Calyxes small. Flowers large, deep yellow.
Cistus pilòsus, Lin. spec. 744. a. ? Chamæcístus 4. Clus. hist.
Var. a, Bæticum (D.C. prod. 1. p. 281.) leaves ovate-oblong,
1. p. 74.
74. Petals white.
green. H. Bæticum, Hort, madr.
Var.a; leaves linear, hoary; calyxes pilose, somewhat glaucous.
Var. B, aúreum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves linear-oblong, with Var. B; leaves linear-oblong ; calyxes shining, smoothish,
revolute margins, canescent on both surfaces.
acutish, with hairy nerves.
Thib. ined. Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.
Pilose Sun-Rose. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1731. Shrub 1] foot.
Var. y, teretifolium (D. C. prod. 1. c.) branches hoary-tomen- 120 H. LINEA'RE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 78.) stem suffruticose ;
tose ; leaves revolute on the under surface, almost terete, branches elongated, ascendant, rather hoary, tomentose; leaves
thickish, obtuse, hoary. Cístus aureum ß teretifolium, Pers. linear, greenish-hoary, with revolute margins; stipulas linear-
ench. 2. p. 78.
awl-shaped ; racemes loose, twiggy, few-flowered ; calyxes
Hairy Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1759. Shrub 1 foot. striated, glabrous, with the nerves somewhat violaceous ; sepals
114 H. LAGA'SCÆ (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 281.)
.
Native of Spain and the south of France.
branches ascendant, tomentosely-hairy, hoary ; leaves linear, Sweet, cist. 48. Cístus lineáris, Cav. icon. 3. p. 8. t. 216.
.
upper surface
H. aureum,
acute.
ħ. F.

CISTINEÆ. II. HELIANTHEMUM.
313
Cístus pilòsus, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 823? Calyx larger than in cist, t. 7. Cístus ròseus, Jacq. hort. vind. 3. p. 65? Cístus an-
the preceding species. Petals white.
gustifolius, formerly in hort. reg. paris. Cístus piluliferus. .
Var. B; angles or nerves of calyx pilose.
Thib. ined. Very like H. pulveruléntum, but the flowers are
Linear-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 ft. rose-coloured. Petals imbricate.
121 H. VIRGA'TUM (Pers. ench. p. 79.) stem suffruticose, Var. a, oblongifolium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 283.) branches
with twiggy, hoary, ascending or erect branches; leaves linear, clothed with canescent tomentum; leaves oblong; flowers rose
hoary on the under surface, with revolute margins; stipulas or red-coloured.
linear-awl-shaped; calyxes hoary, powdery, pubescent. Þ.H. Var. B, subhirsutum (D. C. prod. l. c.) branches clothed with
Var. a, albiflorum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 282.) leaves green on canescent tomentum ; leaves and calyxes rather hairy; flowers
the upper surface; petals white. h. H. Native of Barbary. rose-coloured or red.
Cístus virgàtus, Desf. atl. 1. p.
432.
Var. 7, cárneum (Lag. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. c.) branches al-
Var. ß, roseum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves canescent on both most glabrous ; leaves almost linear ; pedicels hoary-tomentose;
surfaces ; petals rose-coloured, imbricate. h. H. Native of? flowers flesh-coloured. Probably a distinct species.
Sweet, cist. t. 79.
Red-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub
Twiggy Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. foot. procumbent.
122 H. APENNI'NUM (D. C. A. fr. 4. p. 824.) stem suffruticose,
fl.
127 H. CANE'SCENS (Sweet, cist. t. 51.) stem suffruticose,
branched; branches spreading, hoary-tomentose ; leaves stalked,
;
branched, diffuse ; branches ascending, rather tomentose, canes-
oblong-linear, with the margins scarcely revolute, under surface cent; leaves flat or hardly revolute at the margins, under surface
tomentose, upper surface glaucescent, but at length becoming tomentosely-hoary, upper surface greenish-glaucous; lower leaves
smooth ; stipulas awl-shaped, longer than the footstalks of the ovate-oblong, obtuse, upper ones lanceolate, acute; stipulas
leaves; calyxes covered with very short villi, striated, cinereously- linear, ciliated, somewhat longer than the footstalks ; calyxes
,
glaucous, bluntish. . H. Native of Spain, France, Italy, smoothish, but with the nerves pubescent; petals imbricated.
and Germany on dry hills in places exposed to the sun. Sweet, h. H. Native? Petals reddish crimson, with a small orange
cist. t. 62. Cístus Apenninus, Lin. spec. 744. ? Dill. elth. 170. spot at the base of each.
Cístus híspidus , Lam. dict. 2. p. 26. Petals white, distinct. Canescent-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub
Var, a, leaves flattish. .
procumbent.
Var. ; leaves linear, narrow. Cístus pilosus.
Cístus pilòsus. Thib. herb. 128 H. CONFU'SUM (Sweet, cist. t. 91.) stem suffruticose;
Gouan. Al. monsp. p. 265?
branches procumbent, smoothish, rather tomentose at the apex ;
Apennine Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1731. Sh. Z foot.
I leaves oblong, ovate, bluntish, rather flat, under surface tomen-
125 H. HI'SPIDUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 282.) ) tose, hoary, upper surface glabrous, green; stipulas and bracteas
stem suffruticose, branched ; branches ascending, hoary-tomen- linear, green, ciliated; calyxes striated, smoothish, rather shining;
tose ; leaves stalked, oblong, bluntish, somewhat mucronate, petals slightly imbricate. h. H. Native of France and Spain. H.
with revolute margins, under surface hoary, upper surface polifolium, D. C. prod. 1. p. 283. Petals white, yellow at the base.
roughish, greenish-glaucous; calyxes covered with long hairs. Confused Sun-Rose. Fl. May, July. Clt. ?
Þ.H. Native of the south of France. Cístus híspidus, Lam. cumbent.
2. p. 26. Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 271. Cístus pilòsus B, Gouan. fl. 129 H. LANCEOLATUM (Sweet, cist. t. 100.) stem suffruticose,
monsp. p. 265.
H. marjoranæfòlium ß. D. C. A. fr. suppl. much branched, procumbent; branches ascending, smoothish,
p. 625. Petals white, imbricate.
hoary-tomentose at the apex ; leaves lanceolate, acute, with
Hispid Sun-Rose. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 to 1 ft. somewhat revolute margins, green and smoothish above, but
124 H. PULVERULE'NTUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 823.) stem suffru- hoary-tomentose beneath : stipulas awl-shaped, linear, longer
ticose, much branched, prostrate ; branches hoary-tomentose; than the footstalks of the leaves; sepals smoothish or rather
leaves oblong-linear, with revolute margins, obtuse, under sur- pilose ; petals imbricate. h. H. Native of ? Petals white,
face hoary, upper surface glaucous; stipulas subulate, ciliated, marked with yellow at the base. Stamens yellow.
longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; calyxes hoary, minutely Lanceolate-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, August. Clt. 1818.
tomentose-pubescent. h. H. Native of France on sterile hills. Shrub procumbent.
Sweet, cist. t. 29. Cístus pulverulentus, Pour. act. toul. 3. 130 H. POLIFÒLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 80.) stem suffruticose,
p. 311. Cístus polifòlius, Lam. dict. 2. p. 26. but not of Lin. branched; branches procumbent, densely tomentose, leaves
Petals white.
oblong-linear, with revolute margins, hoary-tomentose on both
Powdered-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub surfaces ; stipulas narrow, linear, obtuse, longer than the pe-
prostrate.
tioles, and are as well as bracteas tomentose and ciliated :
125 H. MACRA'NTHUM (Sweet, cist. t. 103.) stem suffruticose; petals distinct, crenulated.
petals distinct, crenulated. h. H. Native of England on stony
branches procumbent, rather tomentose ; leaves flat, ovate- hills near the sea-side, particularly on Brent Downs, Somerset-
oblong, acutish, smooth above and densely tomentose beneath, shire, also at Babbicome near Newton Abbot, and Tor Hill,
pale, cinereous; stipulas rather pilosé, about equal or longer near Torquay, Devonshire. Cístus polifolius. Lin. spec. 745.
than the petioles ; calyx striated, pilose ; petals distinct. h.H. Smith, engl. bot. 1322.-Dill. elth. 175. t. 145. f. 172. Flowers
Native of? Flowers whitish, but yellow at the base.
white, marked with yellow at the base.
Var. f, múltiplex (Sweet, cist. t. 104.) lower leaves roundish; Polium-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug.
England. Shrub
flowers double, whitish, but yellow towards the base of the petals. procumbent.
Large-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Sept. Clt.? Shrub pro- 131 H. MUTA’BILE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose ;
cumbent.
branches procumbent, rather tomentose; leaves flat, ovate-oblong;
126 H. RHODA'NTHUM (Dunal, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. acutish, upper surface glabrous, under surface tomentose, pale-ci-
282.) stem suffruticose, procumbent; branches rather tomentose, nereous; stipulas rather pilose, generally equal in length with the
and hoary; leaves oblong, with revolute margins, under sur- footstalks of the leaves or longer; calyxes striated, smoothish;
face hoary-tomentose, upper surface greenish-glaucous ; stipulas petals imbricate. h. H. Native of Spain. Sweet, cist. 106.
awl-shaped, pilose and bristly at the top ; calyxes covered with Cístus mutábilis, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 99. Misc. 2. p. 340.
short, white tomentum. h. H. Native of Spain. Sweet, Very nearly allied to H. polifolium.
Shrub pro-
VOL. 1.-PART IV.
Ss

314
CISTINEÆ. II. HELIANTHEMUM.
-
h. H.
Var. a; flowers white.
138 H. RO'SEUM (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 822.) stem suffruticose,
Var.B; flowers smaller, rose-red. Sweet, cist. t. 106. rather procumbent, somewhat tomentose ; leaves ovate-lanceo-
Var. y; flowers double, rose or red-coloured.
late, tomentose on the under surface, green above, hairy;
Changeable-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub stipulas lanceolate-linear, ciliated; pedicels and calyxes pilosely-
procumbent.
hairy. h.H. Native of the south of Europe. Sweet, cist. t. 55.
132 H. VARIEGATUM (Sweet, cist. t. 38.) stem suffruticose, Cistus ròseus, All. ped. 2. p. 105. t. 45. f. 4, but not of Jacq.
procumbent; branches tomentose, rather hoary, diffusely-pro- Very near to H. vulgàre. Petals imbricate at the base.
,
cumbent; leaves lanceolate, acute, flattish, under surface hoary- Var. B, múltiplex (Sweet, cist. t. 86.) flower semi-double,
tomentose, upper surface green, rather scabrous; stipulas linear, pale rose-coloured. Leaves broader and blunter.
ciliated, longer than the petioles ; calyxes covered with short Rose-coloured-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. Jun. July. Clt. 1815.
violaceous tomentum ; petals imbricate, undulated. h. H. Shrub trailing, { foot.
Native ? Perhaps a hybrid. Petals variegated with white and red. 139 H. FE'TIDUM (Pers, ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose,
Variegated-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. ? Shrub procumbent, pilosely-hairy; leaves oblong, green on both sur-
procumbent.
faces, hairy, roughish; stipulas hairy, linear, longer than the
133 H. VERSI'COLOR (Sweet, cist. t. 26.) stem shrubby, erect ; footstalks of the leaves ; pedicels and calyxes rather hairy. h.
branches ascending, rather hoary from stellate down; leaves H. Native of — ? Cistus foe'tidus, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. . p. 98.
oblong, flat, or concave above, under surface hoary-tomen- misc. 2. p. 341. Plant with the smell of Bryònia. Petals like
tose, upper surface green, glabrous; stipulas oblong-linear, those of H. vulgàre, but white.
ciliated, bristly at the top, somewhat longer than the leaves; Fetid Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1800. Shrub procum-
calyxes covered with short tomentum; petals imbricate. h. F. bent.
Native of the south of Europe.-Barrel. icon. 440. Petals chang- 140 H. CILIATUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose,
ing from a copper to a flesh-colour.
decumbent ; branches hoary-tomentose ; leaves ovate-lanceolate
Party-coloured flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? or lanceolate-oblong, with the margins scarcely revolute, under
Shrub i to 14 foot.
surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface hairy ; stipulas greenish,
134 H. SULPHU'REUM (Willd. enum. suppl. 39.) stems branch- longer than the footstalks of the leaves; calyxes membranous;
ed, procumbent ; leaves lanceolate, flat, upper surface green, inner sepals nervosely-furrowed : nerves elevated, covered with
under surface paler, but beset with stellate pubescence on both glandular hairs. h.F. Native of Spain, North of Africa, as
surfaces : racemes terminal, few-flowered.
Native of well as Italy. Cístus ciliatus, Desf. atl. 1. p. 421. t. 109. Pe-
Spain. Sweet, cist. t. 37. Petals distinct, sulphur-coloured. tals rose-coloured.
Sulphur-coloured-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. June, July. Clt. Ciliated-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, July. Shrub decum-
1795. Shrub procumbent.
bent, 1 foot.
135 H. STRAMÍNeum (Sweet, cist. t. 93.) stems branched, 141 H. HYSSOPIFÒLIUM (Tenor. syn. fl. neap. p. 48.) stem
elongated, procumbent, tomentosely-pubescent at the apex ; suffruticose, ascending ; branches hairy-tomentose ; lower leaves
leaves flat, or with the margins scarcely revolute, green above oval, upper ones oblong-lanceolate, green on both surfaces, flat,
and pilose, hoary-tomentose beneath, lower ones roundish-ovate, hairy ; calyxes hairy ; petals imbricate. h. H. Native of Naples
-
obtuse, upper ones oblong-lanceolate, acutish; stipulas lanceolate, in Abruzzo.
acute, ciliated, twice the length of the petioles ; racemes many- Var. a, crocàtum (Sweet, cist. t. 92.) flowers saffron-coloured,
.
flowered; calyx striated, smoothish ; petals obovate, spreading, more or less with a ferruginous tint.
distinct. . H. Native ? Petals straw-coloured, with orange Var. B, cùpreum (Sweet, cist. t. 58.) flowers of a reddish
filaments.
copper-colour.
Var. B, múltiplex (Sweet, cist. t. 94.) stems ascending at the Var. y, múltiplex (Sweet, cist. t. 72.) flowers double, of a
top; leaves smaller ; flowers double, straw-coloured, orange- reddish copper-colour.
coloured at the base of the petals.
Hyssop-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub foot,
Straw-coloured-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub procumbent at the base.
procumbent.
142 H. CU'PREUM (Sweet, cist. t. 66.) stem suffruticose, pro-
136 H. DIVERSIFÒLIUM (Sweet, cist. t. 95.) stem suffruticose, cumbent ; branches ascending, rather tomentose, adultones
ascending, branched; branches rather tomentose, erectly ascend- glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, channelled, upper surface
ing ; leaves stalked, green and hairy above, hoary-tomentose be- green, hairy ; under surface hoary-tomentose ; stipulas lanceo-
neath, lower ones oval or oblong, obtuse, flat, upper ones linear- late, acute, ciliated, bristly at the apex, twice as long as the
lanceolate, ciliated, 3-4-times longer than the petiole ; sepals footstalks at the leaves; calyxes tomentosely-pilose; petals im-
pilose ; petals crenulated, distinct. h. H. Native of ? Petals bricated. h. H. Native of — ? Petals dark copper-coloured,
dark flesh-coloured, with a copper-coloured mark near the base. with a darker mark at the base of each.
Var. B, múltiplex (Sweet, cist. t. 98.) flowers larger, double, Copper-coloured-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. ?
and of a deeper purplish-red, intermixed with lighter coloured Shrub procumbent.
143 H. VENU'STUM (Sweet, cist. t. 10.) stem suffruticose,
Diverse-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug, Clt. ? Shrub.
?
ascending, branched ; branches glabrous, warted, somewhat to-
137 H. ERIOSE'PALON (Sweet, cist. t. 76.) stems branched, mentose at the apex; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, flat, or
procumbent, rather tomentose, hoary at the apex; leaves lanceo- hardly revolute on the margins, but denticulately-scabrous, under
late, acute, with somewhat revolute margins, green on both sur- surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface green, shining ; stipulas
faces and beset with starry hairs; stipulas linear, acute, ciliated, lanceolate, hairy, ciliated, twice as long as the footstalks of the
twice as long as the footstalks of the leaves; racemes terminal, leaves; inner sepals membranous, with hairy warted nerves;
many-flowered ; calyxes clothed with woolly hairs; petals obo- petals imbricated. h. H. Native of — ? Petals crimson,
vate, crenulated, distinct at the base. h. 6. Native ? Petals
Petals inclining to orange.
of a pale sulphur-colour, with a yellow mark at the base of each. Charming Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.? Shrub 1 foot.
Woolly-sepalled Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. ? Shrub pro- 144 H. A'sPERUM (Lag. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 283.)
cumbent,
stem suffruticose, branched; branches long, ascending and erect,
.
ones.
-

CISTINEÆ. II. HELIANTHEMUM. III. HUDSONIA.
315
a
-
h. H.
nees.
somewhat tomentose, roughish, cinereous; leaves stalked, oblong, and biennial herbaceous kinds should be grown in pots, (so
acuminated, with revolute margins, under surface hoary-tomen- that they may be protected by a frame during winter), in a
tose, upper surface green and somewhat tomentose, roughish; mixture of sand, loam, and peat; they are easily increased by
stipulas awl-shaped, bristly at the apex ; angles of calyx beset seeds. The annual kinds are all beautiful plants, and the seed
with long hairs. h. F. Native of Spain. Cistus hírtus, Thib. requires to be sown in the open border : they prefer a light rich
herb. Petals white.
soil. All the species of Helianthemum deserve to be cultivated in
Var. , Roussæi (D. C. prod. 1. p. 283.) stem, leaves, and every collection on account of the elegance and various hues of
calyxes densely clothed with white hairs. h. F. Native of their blossoms.
the Levant. Rousseau.
Rough Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Shrub 1 foot.
III. HUDSO'NIA (in honour of William Hudson, a London
145 H. MILLE'RI (Sweet, cist. t. 101.) stem suffruticose, apothecary, and author of Flóra Anglica, 1762 and 1778, 8vo.)
procumbent ; branches hairy-tomentose; leaves oblong, bluntish, Lin. mant. 11. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 4. D. C. prod. 1. p. 284.
flat, green on both surfaces, hairy; stipulas falcate, longer than Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Petals 5 (f. 61. a. b.).
the petioles; calyxes hairy; petals imbricate. h. H, Native Stamens 15-30 ; filaments filiform ; anthers small, longitudinally
of ? Flowers saffron-coloured, with a dark mark at the base dehiscent. Style straight, simple (f. 61. e.), equalling the sta-
of each petal.
mens in length. Stigma simple. Capsule 1-celled, 3-valved,
Miller's Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. ? Shrub procumbent. 1-3-seeded, oblong or obovate, coriaceous, smooth or pubescent.
146 H, MARJORANÆFÒLIUM (D. C. fl. fr. 6. p. 625. var. a.) Seeds granulated. Embryo immersed in a horny albumen.
suffruticose, erect, much branched ; branches hairy-tomentose; Small tufted heath-like sub-shrubs. Leaves alternate, small,
leaves stalked, ovate-oblong, acutish, with revolute margins, awl-shaped or needle-shaped, imbricated, without stipulas.
under surface hoary-tomentose, upper surface greenish-glaucous, Flowers yellow, almost sessile or on short peduncles; peduncles
tomentosely-hairy ; stipulas awl-shaped, bristly ; calyxes densely l-flowered, terminal, or lateral, solitary, or aggregate.
clothed with white hairs. H.H. Native of the south of France. 1 H. ERICOIDES (Lin. mant. 74.)
Cístus marjoranæfòlius, Gouan. herb. p. 26.?
pubescent ; stems suffruticose,
FIG. 61.
Marjoram-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 ft. erect ; branches elongated ; leaves
147 H. HIRSU'TUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 284.) suffruticose, filiform, awl-shaped, rather imbri-
stipulate, hairy; leaves stalked, under surface hoary; lower leaves cated; peduncles solitary, rising
rounded, upper ones lanceolate, acute; flowers secund in ter- laterally from the leafy bud ; calyx
minal racemes.
Native on rocks on the Eastern Pyre- cylindrical, obtuse; capsules pu-
Cístus hirsùtus, Lapeyr. abr. 303, but not of Lam. bescent, always l-seeded; valves
Flowers large, white.
oblong. ħ. F.Native of New
Hairy Sun-Rose. Fl.? Shrub å foot.
Jersey and Virginia in pine woods.
Willd. hort. berl. t. 15. Sweet,
† Species not sufficiently known.
cist. t. 36. Leaves permanent.
148 H. FU'GAX (D. C. prod. 1. p. 284.) stem herbaceous ; Stamens about 15. Peduncles 5 or
leaves rather ovate, pilose; flowers fugacious. 3. H. Na- 8 lines long. According to Nuttal,
tive on Mount Baldo. H. fugacium, Mill. dict, no. 19. Per- this plant, which is a native of New
haps the same as H. guttàtum ?
Jersey, has aggregate instead of
Fugacious-flowered Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt.? Pl. foot. solitary peduncles; therefore his
149 H. CISTIFÒLIUM (Mill. dict. no. 9.) stems procumbent, plant may be a distinct species.
suffruticose, glabrous; leaves ovate-lanceolate, opposite, longer Flowers yellow (f. 61.).
than the peduncles. ħ. H. Native of Germany. Flowers Heath-like Hudsonia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1805. Shrub 1 ft.
yellow.
2 H. NUTTA’LLII (Sweet, cist. p. 19.) equally pubescent ;
Cistu s-leaved Sun-Rose. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. ? Shrub pro- stem erect, much branched ; leaves about 2-lines long, filiform,
cumbent.
rather imbricate, but distinct from the stem; pedicels lateral,
150 H. OLIGOPHY'LLUM (Clark, in Spreng. new entd. 3. p. crowded, when in fruit from 5 to 8 lines long; calyx cylindrical,
163, under the name of Cístus,) shrubby, stipulate; leaves obtuse, pubescent, with the segments oblique and convolute,
stalked, ovate--lanceolate, without nerves, very entire, scabrous, the 2 smaller ones hardly visible when in fruit, but suffi-
with revolute margins ; peduncles 1-flowered. ħ. F. Native ciently distinct in the unexpanded flowers; capsules cylin-
near Jaffa. Petals yellow.
drical-oblong, externally pubescent, always l-seeded; valves
Few-leaved Sun-Rose. Shrub.
oblong, the central suture obsolete. h. F. Abundant over
151 H.? FASCICULA'TUM (Mill. dict. no. 22.) leaves narrow, the barren sandy woods of New Jersey, Delaware, Mary-
in facicles; pedicels elongated, lateral and terminal. f. G. land, and Virginia (Nutt.) H. ericoides, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers very fugacious, 4. Whether this plant is identical with the H. ericoìdes of Lin.
pale straw-coloured.
it is impossible to say.
Fascicular-leaved Sun-Rose. Plant.
Nuttall's Hudsonia. Fl. May, June. Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. The hardy shrubby kinds of this genus are amongst 3 H. MONTA'NA (Nutt. gen. 2. p. 5.) almost smooth ; stems
the most beautiful little shrubs for ornamenting rock-work. The tufted, decumbent; leaves long, awl-shaped, filiform, rather im-
frame and green-house kinds should be planted in pots in a mix- bricated; peduncles terminal, solitary, calyxes campanulate,
ture of sand, loam, and peat, so that they may be protected during woolly ; segments taper-pointed, subulate; capsules villous,
winter by a frame; the smaller kinds of these may be planted usually 3-seeded; valves ovate.
h. F. Native of North
out on rock-work during the summer months. Ripened cuttings Carolina on the summits of mountains. Stamens 25-30. Seeds
.
will strike root freely, if planted under a common hand-glass in rather angular. Flowers yellow. Leaves longer, and capsules
a sheltered situation, in August or September; or they may be larger than in the rest of the species,
raised by seeds, which ripen in abundance. The perennial Mountain Hudsonia. Fl. May, July. Shrub decumbent.
ad
Ss 2

316
CISTINEÆ. IV. LECHEA. VIOLARIEÆ.
p. 91.
4 H. TOMENTÒSA (Nutt. gen. 2. p. 5.) tufted and hoary-tomen- elongated, with short branches; flowers disposed in lateral and
tose; stems intricate, dense ; leaves minute, densely imbricated, terminal fascicles; pedicels very short; flowers small, hoary-
ovate, acute; flowers aggregate, almost sessile ; calyxes rather tomentose; stem erect. 4. H. Native of dry barren woods
cylindrical, with obtuse partitions ; capsules 1-seeded; valves on slate hills, from Virginia to Carolina. Lower branches creep-
ovate, smooth.
h. F. Native of New Jersey, Delaware, and ing, very like those of Thymus
ing, very like those of Thymus serpyllum, which is the case
Maryland, &c. in the sea-sand. Sweet, cist. t. 57. Stamens 14- with most of the species of this genus. Pursh. fil
. amer. sept. 1.
18. Flowers yellow.
.p. 91. L. mìnor, Walt. car. 83. from Ell. sketch. p. 185.
Tomentose Hudsonia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1826. Shrub 1 foot. Flowers white or yellow.
5 H. AUSTRA'LIS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 452.) smoothish, erect; Thyme-leaved Lechea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. J ft.
leaves linear-lanceolate, clothed beneath with scattered spread- 5 L. TENUIFÒLIA (Mich. A. bor. amer. 1. p. 77.) sparingly
ing hairs; flowers terminal, solitary, stalked ; calyx taper- pilose; leaves very narrow; panicle divaricate, nakedish ;
pointed, rather hairy. N.G. Native of Monte Video. branchlets alternate; pedicels elongated, spreading ; stem erect.
Southern Hudsonia. Shrub 1 foot.
4. H. Native of dry gravelly hills from Virginia to Georgia.
Cult. Hudsònia is a genus of pretty little shrubs, with the L. juncifòlia, Walt, car. 83 ? from Ell. sketch. 185. Lower
appearance of heath, which are rather difficult to cultivate : they branches furnished with linear leaves, by which it is easily dis-
thrive best in peat soil
, in a shady situation, and should be pro- tinguished from the rest. Pursh. A. amer. sept. 1.
tected under glass during winter, for this purpose they had Flowers white or yellow.
better be grown in pots. They may be either increased by Fine-leaved Lechea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. foot.
layers, or ripened cuttings planted in sand under a hand-glass. 6 L.? VERTICILLA'TA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 495.) stem hispid ;
leaves oblong-ovate, serrulated; flowers in whorles. 4. S.
Native of the East Indies. Habit of Spermacócce, and most
IV. LE CHEA (in honour of G. Leche, a Swede, professor likely a species of the latter genus. Flowers white?
of natural history at Abo, and author of observations on rare Whorled-flowered Lechea. Pl. 1 foot.
plants; died 1764.) Lin. gen. no. 142. Gært. fruct. 2. t. 129. N. B. Lèchea Chinensis of Lour. is a species of Commelina.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 285.
Cult. Lèchea is a genus of small herbaceous perennial plants,
Lin. syst. Tri-Dodecandria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-sepalled, which succeed best when grown in small pots planted in a mix-
guarded by bracteas or the 2-outer sepals. Petals 3, lanceo- ture of light turfy loam and peat. They may be either in-
late. Stamens 3-12, usually disposed in a ternary number. creased by seeds or by cuttings planted in sand under a hand-
Ovary 1, somewhat 3-sided. Stigmas 3, scarcely distinct. Cap- glass.
sules 3-valved; valves bearing a dissepiment or nerve in the
middle of each. Seeds very few, usually 8, fixed to the dis-
sepiment or nerve.
.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo straightish, Order XXI. VIOLARIEÆ (plants agreeing with Vìola in
dorsal with an inferior radicle. Cotyledons ovate-oblong. In-
many important characters.) D. C. fl. fran. 4. p. 801. Juss.
conspicuous North American herbs, with numerous small white
or yellow flowers; lower branches usually differing from the
ann. du mus. 18. p. 4. p. 476.
p
floriferous ones, they are like those of Thŷmus serpyllum.
Calyx of 5 permanent sepals, equal (f. 65. a. f. 66. c.) or un-
1 L. VILLÒSA (Ell. sketch. 184.) hairy; leaves oblong-lan- equal, (f. 64.c. f. 62. a.) usually with membranous margins, free or
ceolate, mucronate; panicle leafy, pyramidal ; branches bearing
connected at the base, imbricate in the bud; and therefore they
flowers at the top; flowers disposed in fascicled-racemes, se-
cund, on very short pedicels. 2. H. Native from Canada to
are disposed in a double series, as in Tribe Violeæ, 3 in the outer
Florida in gravelly woods. L. màjor, Pursh, fl
. amer. sept. 1.
series, and 2 in the inner. Petals 5, alternating with the sepals
p. 90. but not of Lin. L. minor, Lin. from Smith.—Lam. ill. (f. 65. b.) hypogynous, inserted in the thalamus, usually mar-
t. 52. f. 2. from Pursh. Flowers white or yellow.
cescent, and obliquely convolute in the bud, sometimes equal (f.
Var. B, mucronata (Raf. prec. 37.) pilose; stem straight,
66. b. f. 65. b.) sometimes unequal (f. 62. c. f. 63. c.), but when
simple ; racemes compound; flowers bracteolate. 2. H. Na-
tive of New Jersey in woods.
they are unequal the lower one is in the form of a labellum (f.64.c.),
Villous Lechea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1780. Plant 2 feet.
furnished with a spur or hollow at its base (f. 64. b. f. 63. c.).
2 L. MINOR (Pursh, A. amer. sept. 1. p. 91.) smoothish ; Sometimes there is a staminiferous urceolus and sometimes fili-
leaves linear-lanceolate, acute; panicle leafy ; branches elon- form appendages between the petals and the stamens. Stamens
gated, bearing flowers on all sides ; flowers on very short
5, inserted in the thalamus or calyx, alternating with the petals ;
pedicels; stems assurgent. 2. H. Native from Canada to
Pennsylvania on dry gravelly hills.-Lam. ill. t. 52. f. 1. from
anthers 2-celled (f. 65. e.) opening inwards by 2 longitudinal
Pursh. Flowers white or yellow. This plant is lower in growth chinks; these are appressed to the ovary, usually free, but
and larger in fruit than the preceding.
sometimes they are more or less connate at the base into a mona-
Smaller Lechea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802. Plant į foot.
delphous disk; filaments usually dilated, sometimes from the base
3 L. RACEMULÒSA (Mich. f. bor. amer. 1. p. 77.) covered
with appressed pubescence; leaves linear, acute, ciliated; pa-
in this case, bearing the anthers at the very base (f. 64. d.), some-
.
nicle slender, much branched, pyramidal ; racemes nakedish ; times they are unguiculaied at the base, but they are dilated
flowers small, alternate, pedicellate ; stem erect. 4. H. Native at the top, and therefore bearing the anthers a little higher up
of sandy fields from New Jersey to Carolina. Pursh. fl. amer. at the tops of the claws (f. 66. a.), in either case the filaments are
sept. 1. p. 91. suppl. 3. p. 340.-Guara, Lam. ill. t. 281. f. 3.
Flowers white or yellow.
drawn out beyond the anthers into an arid membrane, more
Racemulose Lechea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Pl. foot.
or less imbricately girding the style, rarely awl-shaped but
4 H. THYMIFÒLIA (Mich. A. bor. amer. 1. p. 77.) covered
never terminated by the anthers; two of which in the irregular
with appressed white villi; leaves linear, acute ; panicle leafy, flowers are usually drawn out downwards into a filiform ap-
;
a
-

VIOLARIEÆ.
317
62.
pendage (f. 64. e.) or nectarial glands, which are drawn in within valve (f. 62. g.). Stamens alternating with the petals ; filaments
the spur or hollow (f. 63. d.). Ovary 1-celled, many-seeded (f. dilated, free, or rarely joined, drawn out beyond the anthers;
f. 66. d.) or rarely 1-seeded from abortion. Placentas 3, therefore the anthers appear as if fixed to the middle of the fila-
parietal, one in the middle of each valve, opposite the 3 exterior ments on the inner side ; cells of anthers opening slowly into
petals. Style 1, permanent, usually declinate, perforated, and 2-valves.
recurved at the top, and therefore the stigma is somewhat lateral 1 CALY'PTRION. Sepals nearly equal (f. 62. a.). Lower
(f. 64.f.). Capsule 3-valved (f. 62.g.), the valves generally open- petal large, drawn out into a pouch at the base. Stamens
ing from the apex to the base, usually with elasticity. The seeds free ; appendages of 4? anterior anthers, long and filiform,
have 3 coverings, the outer one is membranous, more or less bearded. Capsule trigonal, 1-3 or many-seeded (f. 62. g.).
thickened at the hilum into a caruncle; umbilical vessel uníted Climbing shrubs.
with the epidermis from the hilum to the vertex of the seed, 2 Noise’TTIA Sepals unequal (f. 63. e.). Lower petal large
forming a line which is hardly prominent, expanded into a wrinkled (f. 63.6.), drawn out at the base into a long cylindrical tube (f.
areola at the top. Testa crustaceous, brittle, usually smooth, 63. c.). Stamens free; appendages of the 2 anterior anthers
but sometimes striated, rarely scrobiculate; inner membrane awl-shaped. Capsule obsoletely trigonal, many-seeded. Erect
very thin, adhering, usually dotted with brown in the vertex. or climbing shrubs.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight in the axis of the albumen, 3 SCHWEIGGE'RIA. Sepals unequal (f. 64. a.) 3 exterior
with the radicle towards the base of the seed, not towards the ones hastately biauriculate at the base. Lower petal large,
hilum, with an inconspicuous plumule, and usually flat cotyle- cordate (f. 64. b.), drawn out at the base into an unequal-sided
dons. Herbs, sub-shrubs, or middle-sized shrubs, with alter- spur (f. 64. e.). Stamens free, pressed to the ovary; append-
nate, rarely opposite leaves, simple, usually involute before ex- ages of 2 anterior anthers, awl-shaped) (f. 64. e.). Little
pansion, all furnished with stipulas. Flowers erect or drooping, trees.
pedunculate, axillary; peduncles sometimes solitary or numer- 4 Viola. Calyx with unequal sepals, all drawn out at the
ous, 1-flowered, and bibracteolate; sometimes branched, with base more or less into ear-like appendages. Lower petal drawn
the pedicels 1-flowered, and bibracteolate, rising singly from the out at the base into a hollow spur. Stamens approximate, the
axillæ of the bracteas.
2 anterior anthers furnished with long awl-shaped appendages.
This order comes very near Polygàleæ, Droseràceæ and Pas- Capsule trigonal ; valves opening with elasticity. Usually herbs,
siflòreæ, but differs from Polygàleæ in the fruit being 1-celled, rarely small shrubs.
not 2-celled, in the leaves being furnished with stipulas, not 5 ERPETION. In every respect the same as Viola, but the se-
exstipulate, as well as in the anthers being 2-celled, not 1-celled. pals are hardly drawn out at the base, and the lower petal is not
It differs from Droserāceæ in the style being solitary, not 3-6, drawn out into a spur at the base ; but furnished with a small
and in the embryo being elongated, as well as in the leaves being gibbosity. Anthers without appendages. Creeping herbs.
involute before expansion, not circinal, and furnished with stipu- 6 So'LEA. Calyx hardly equal. Lower petal large, with a
las, not exstipulate. It differs from Passiflòreæ in the fruit gibbous base. Stamens approximate, with a nectarial gland on
being capsular, not baccate, and in the stamens being hypogy- the outside of two of the filaments. A pilose, erect herb.
nous, not perigynous, as well as in the anthers being adnate to 7 POMBA`LIA. Sepals of calyx large, with prickly margins.
the middle of the filaments, not fixed by the middle; stigmas 1, Lower petal long, somewhat gibbous at the base. Stamens
not 3. The genus Hymenanthèra agrees with Polygaleæ in the free; two of the filaments are furnished each with a nectarial
pericarp being 1-seeded; seed pendulous, or the pericarp, ac- gland at the base. Capsule as in Viola. Erect, villous herbs.
cording to Mr. Brown, is 2-celled, and the cells 1-seeded. The 8 Pígea. Sepals unequal. Lower petal very large, gibbous
genus Calyptrion, and some species of Noiséttia, agree with at the base. Stamens free, lobes of anthers ending in a bristle.
Passiflòreæ in having twining stems.
Capsules trigonal. Herbs or sub-shrubs.
This is a very favourite order with gardeners, consisting, as it 9 Ionídium. Sepals unequal. Lower petal large, rather gib-
chiefly does, of violets; a great part of which are hardy, her- bous or concave at the base. Stamens approximate, the 2 anterior
baceous plants. The tribe Alsodineæ consists of tropical trees filaments usually furnished each with a nectarial gland at the base.
and shrubs of little beauty, with regular flowers. The roots Capsule, as in Viola, elastic. Herbs or sub-shrubs.
of all the herbaceous and annual kinds act as emetics like the 10 HYBA'NTHUS. Sepals unequal. Lower petal long, saccate
Ipecacuanha.
at the base. Stamens connate at the base, the 2 inferior fila-
Synopsis of the Genera.
ments bearing each a large shell-formed gland at the base. Cap-
sule obovate, few-seeded. Inelegant shrubs, usually spinose.
,
TRIBE I.
11 ANCHIETIA. Calyx deeply 5-parted, unequal. Lower
Vio'LEæ (D. C. prod. 1. p. 288.). Petals 5, unequal (f. 64. c.). petal large, unguiculate, with a spur at the base.
. Anthers
Sepals 5 (f. 64. a.), in two series, 3 in the outer and 2 in the almost sessile; 2 lower ones on very short filaments, each drawn
inner, the last are narrower than the outer series. Pericarp 3- out into a filiform appendage on the back. Capsule large, inflated,
valved (f. 64. k.), dehiscent, with a placenta in the middle of each many-seeded. Erect or climbing shrubs.
a

318
VIOLARIEÆ. I. CALYPTRION.
mate.
a
TRIBE II.
many-nerved ; limb involute in æstivation, but spreading in the
more advanced state, usually waved, erose or lobed. The 2
ALSODÍNEA (R. Br. congo. p. 21.) Petals equal (f. 65. 6.).
lateral petals hardly shorter than the lowest one (f. 62. d.),
Stamens usually connected at the base, or adnate, to an elevated
spreading; the rest small, and very short (f. 62. e, e.), and bent
urceolus which is situated between the petals and the stamens. upwards, all generally villous. Stamens 5, 4 of which are con-
12 GONOHO'RIA. Sepals imbricate. Stamens free, approxi- nate; filaments dilated from the base, oblong ; bearing the
Lobes of the anthers ending in a bristle. Ovary villous.
anthers low down; anthers twice the length of the ovary (f.
62. c.), with parallel lobes; the 4 ? anterior ones are drawn out on
Capsule 3-valved, few-seeded. Shrubs.
the outside into short bearded recurved appendages; these append-
13 RINO'REA. In every respect the same as the last genus, , ages are drawn in within the pouch. Capsule ligneous, 1-celled,
but the filaments are dilated from the base into an acuminated 3-valved (f. 62.g.). Seeds numerous, large, rather square, com-
ligula, not unguiculate, rather connate at the base.
pressed, wrinkled, fixed to the valves. Climbing shrubs, with
14 Also'DEA. Sepals acute, imbricate. Filaments connate
.
alternate leaves and deciduous stipulas. Flowers large, white,
Pedicels with a bractea at the
at the base into an urceolus which girds the ovary. Lobes of disposed in axillary racemes.
base of each, and bibracteolate in the middle.
anthers usually drawn out at the apex into a bristle. Capsule
.
bluntly trigonal, few-seeded. Large shrubs.
Obs. Under Viola Hybánthus, Willd, there are four speci-
15 CERANTHERA. Sepals acute. Urceolus toothed, con-
mens very different from each other, joined, and probably belong-
nected with the petals at the base, situated between the petalsing to three distinct genera. Compare Mayer, esseq. p. 123.
,
* 1. Flowers large in racemes, or axillary and solitary on the
and the stamens. Filaments unguiculate at the base. Lobes of
branchlets.
anthers ending in a bristle. Ovary ovate. Large shrubs.
1 C. AUBLE'TII (Ging.
FIG. 62,
16 PENTAʼLOBA. Sepals erect. Petals approximate at the
mss. and D. C. prod. 1.
base, reflexed at the top. Urceolus 5-toothed, bearing the fila- p. 289.) stem striated,
ments between these teeth. Ovary pilose. Capsule 5-lobed, 1-
Ovary pilose. Capsule 5-lobed, 1- covered with white spots;
celled, 5-seeded. A large shrub.
leaves oblong-ovate, acu-
minated, serrated ; flow-
17 SPATULA'RIA. Calyx 5-parted (f. 66. c.), unequal, deci-
ers in fascicled racemes ;
duous. Petals rather unequal (f. 66. 6.,) inserted in the base of sepals ovate, obtuse ; spur
the calyx, with long spatulate claws, which are connivent. An- of flower hardly inflated
thers drawn out at the apex into a membranous point (f.66. a.).
at the throat. h. v. S.
Native of Guiana, Cay-
Capsule many-seeded (f. 66. d.). An erect shrub.
enne, island of Trinidad,
18 HYMENANTHE'ra. Sepals imbricate. Petals at length re- and Brasil. Vìola Hybán-
flexed. Structure of stamens as in Viola, but they are joined at thus, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 811. t. 319. May fl. prim. esseq.
the base into a monadelphous disk, with a scale at the back of p. 123. not of Willd. nor Pers. Ionídium Aublétii
, Röm. and
each. Capsule rather baccate, 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Large, Schult
. syst. 5. p. 397. Vìola laurifòlia, Smith in Rees'
branched, erect shrubs.
cyclop. Corynóstylis Hybánthus, Mart. A. bras. 1. p. 26. t.
17 and 18. Seeds large, roundish, chesnut-coloured. Flowers
19 PIPAREA. Sepals 5, equal, permanent, at length reflexed.
large, white (f. 62.).
Filaments 10-15, awl-shaped, all joined together at the base, Aublet's Hooded-violet. Clt. 1823. Sh. climbing.
closely girding the ovary. Capsule ovate, triquetrous, l- 2 C. BERTE'RII (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 289.) stem
3-celled, opening laterally from the top, densely clothed on the
striated, covered with white spots; leaves ovate, acuminated, en-
inside with brown velvetty down, bearing the seeds in the middle
tire; sepals ovate, acute; throat of spur
inflated. h. v. S.
Native of South America.
of the valves, one in each. Large shrubs.
Var. a, Magdalenénse (D. C. prod. 1. c.) racemes axillary.
Tribe I.
Native of Baranquilla on the banks of the river Magdalena in
VIO'LEÆ (plants agreeing with Vìola in having irregular
inundated places. Viola scándens, Bert. ined. Flowers large,
flowers.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 288. Petals unequal (f. 64.d.). The
white.
three outer sepals usually broader than the two inner ones (f.
Var. B, Mexicànum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) racemes terminal on
64. a.). Pericarps 3-valved, dehiscent, with a placenta in the
the top of the branchlets ; flowers larger. Native of Mexico.
middle of each valve (f. 62. g:). Stamens alternating with the
Moc. et Sesse. Vìola cucullata, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined.
petals; filaments dilated, drawn out beyond the anthers, free,
icon. Perhaps a distinct species. Flowers very large, white.
(approximate or coarctate) or rarely joined. Cells of anthers
Bertero's Hooded-violet. Shrub climbing.
at length 2-valved.
3 C.? CITRIFÒLIUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 289.)
stem ? leaves oblong, obtuse, quite entire; sepals ovate, acute;
I. CALY'PTRION (Kalvatpa, calyptra, a hood or cover, flowers solitary; capsules obsoletely 3-sided ; seeds oblong,
and lov, ion, a violet ; in allusion to the hood-like spur at the compressed. h. u. s. Native of Cumana. Viola arborés-
h
base of the lower petal.) Ging. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 288. cens, Løfl. itin. p. 282.
282. C. Loeflingii, Spreng.
Corynóstylis, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 25.
Citron-leaved Hooded-violet. Shrub climbing.
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx small, running 4 C.? ORINOCE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
into the pedicel at the base. Sepals 5, almost equal (f. 62. a.), 384.) stem angular, puberulous; leaves serrulated, ovate-oblong,
the 2 lower ones somewhat unequal-sided. Petals 5, the lower acute, obtuse at the base, upper surface glabrous, under surface
one large, drawn out behind into a large hollow pouch, which is pubescent; flowers solitary? hiv.S. Native of humid places
compressed on the sides, and constricted in the middle, twisted, near St. Fernando de Atabapo, Mission. del. Orinoco. Very
1

VIOLARIEÆ. I. CALYPTRION. II. Noisettia. III. SCHWEIGGERIA.
319
.
p. 462.
like C. Aublétii, according to Kunth, Vìola excelsa, Willd. herb. - 2 N. ORCHIDIFLORA (Ging. mss.
FIG. 63.
ex Roem. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 391. Flowers large, white. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 290.) stem
Orinoco Hooded-violet. Shrub climbing
slender, smooth ; leaves lanceolate,
serrulated,on long footstalks; flowers
$ 2. Flowers small, disposed in axillary crowded fascicles.
4-6 in a fascicle; spur obtuse, a
5 C.? TRANGULÆFÒLIUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 289.) little shorter than the pedicel. ħ?
stem twining to the right; leaves oblong-elliptical, acute, rounded s. Native of Guiana. Viola orchi-
at the base, obsoletely serrulated, puberulous on both surfaces ; difòra, Rudge, pl. guian. rar. 1. p.
flowers disposed in crowded fascicles, exceeding the footstalks 11. t. 10. Ionídium orchidiflòrum,
of the leaves; sepals narrow, acuminated ; lower petal emar- Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 400.
ginate at the top; spur (hood) obtuse, flattened on the sides ; Flowers cream-coloured or white
stamens furnished with very long smooth appendages. h..s. (f. 63.).
Native in the Andes about Popayan at the height of 6016 feet. Var. B; leaves lanceolate, acu-
Noiséttia frangulæfòlia, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. minated, serrated, tapering at the
p. 384. t. 499. a and b f. 1. Flowers like those of Noiséttia base into the long footstalk, gla-
but the habit of the plant agrees with Calyptrion.
brous; flowers 3-4 lines long, 3-4
9
Frangula-leaved Hooded-violet. Shrub twining.
in each fascicle; capsules 3-sided,
straw-coloured, 2-3-seeded, with ovate, veiny, glabrous valves.
+ Doubtful Species.
h.S. Native of Guiana.
6 C.? DIA'NDRUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 289.) Orchis-flowered Noisettia. Shrub 17 foot.
stem herbaceous, creeping ; leaves oblong; peduncles solitary;
;
3 N. GALEOPSIFOLIA (St. Hil. in mem, mus. 11. p. 461.)
lower petal trifid. 2. S. Vìola diandra, Allemand in Lin. stems somewhat herbaceous, simple, triangular, a little winged ;
syst. 669. Ionídium diandrum, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. leaves lanceolate, rather acuminated, acute, serrated; flowers
399. Flowers white ?
in racemose bundles; peduncles bractless ; ovary usually con-
Diandrous Hooded-violet. Pl. creeping or twining.
taining 15 seeds. 4. S. Native of Brasil in old woods on the
Cult
. Elegant climbing shrubs, well adapted for covering eastern part of the province of Minas-Geraes, near the village
rafters in stoves. A rich light soil will suit them best, and called Rio Vermelho. N. longifolia, Nees et Mart. in nov.
young cuttings will root freely if planted in a pot of sand, act. Bonn. 12. p. 48. but not of Kunth. Root yellow. Petals
placed under a hand-glass, in heat.
pale yellow, but pale scarlet at the apex.
Hemp-Nettle-leaved Noisettia. Fl. April.
Fl. April. Pl. 1 to 1į foot.
.
II. NOISE'TTIA (in honour of Louis Noisette, an eminent 4 N.? ROQUEFEUILLA'NA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11.
French cultivator and writer on fruit-trees, author of Le Jardin t. 22. f. c.) plant glabrous, stems shrubby, round, climbing,
Frutier, 2. fasc. in 4to. 1813). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.amer.5. branched ; leaves ovate or oblong, or elliptical-lanceolate, acu-
p. 382. exclusive of the synonym of Aublet, Bigelowia, D. C. minated, rather acute at the base, crenate-serrated; peduncles
mss. but not of Sprengel.
bracteate; flowers usually disposed in racemes. h. u. s.
LIN. SYST.
Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx middle-sized, Native of Brasil in old woods on Mount Tejuca near Rio Janeiro.
running into the pedicel at base; sepals 5 (f. 63. e.), unequal, 2 A climbing shrub. Perhaps a species of Anchietia.
lower ones usually with unequal sides. Lower petal large (f. 63. b.), Roquefeuille's Noisettia. Fl. Aug.
Fl. Aug. Shrub climbing.
with the limb involute in æstivation, drawn out behind into a long 5 N. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 290.) leaves
straight cylindrical tube (f. 63. c.); 2 lateral petals short, ascend- lanceolate, on short footstalks, ciliated, toothed, drawn out at
ing, the rest smaller, all smooth? Stamens free; filaments dilated the apex into a long, entire acumen ; pedicels solitary, a little
at the base and furnished with a membrane at the top, bearing shorter than the leaves ; capsules ovate. h? F. Native of
the anthers low down; anthers hardly longer than the ovary,
North America, Violaoides, Mich. ined. Perhaps a variety of
with sub-sagittate lobes, the two anterior anthers drawn out on N. orchidiflòra.
the back into nectariferous awl-shaped appendages (f. 63. g.), Acuminated-leaved Noisettia. Shrub 2 feet.
which are drawn in, within the tube. Ovary superior; ovulæ Cult. These curious plants will grow freely in light rich soil,
usually 12-30 ? rather pear-shaped (H.B. et Kunth. 1. c.). Cap-
Cap- and young cuttings will strike root freely if planted in a pot of
sule 1-celled, 3-valved, membranous, ovate, obsoletely' 3-sided, sand, placed under a hand-glass, in heat. The climbing species
veiny, with linear placentas; valves few-seeded. Erect or scandent is well fitted for covering rafters in stoves.
shrubs, with twiggy branches. Leaves alternate, simple, stalked,
feather-nerved. Stipulas in pairs, usually running down the stem.
III. SCHWEIGGE'RIA (in honour of Aug. Frid. Schweigger,
Flowers on pedicels; pedicels many, or from abortion solitary, Professor at Regiomonti in Sicily). Spreng. ex St. Hil. mem.
bibracteolate towards the middle, but not jointed, disposed in mus. 11. p. 454. Glossarrhen, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 22. D. C. prod.
axillary crowded fascicles. Flowers of a pale colour.
1 N. LONGIFO'LIA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 382. Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals of calyx very
t. 499. b & f. ii.) stem shrubby, striated, simple or branched ; unequal, running into the peduncle at the base, 3 exterior sepals
leaves lanceolate, serrated, acute, tapering into the short foot- large (f. 64. a.), longer than the petals, usually cordate, acuminated,
stalks at the base; flowers in bundles ; peduncles bractless; hastately 2-eared at the base, lower ones unequal-sided, with the
spur awl-shaped, length of pedicel; sepals lanceolate, acumin- spur between, with the auricles of the exterior ones stretched out,
ated, 2 lower ones unequal-sided, eared on the outside at the and usually rounded ; 2 inner sepals very small and very narrow.
base; lower petal obcordate, lateral ones oblong, obtuse, the Petals 5, unequal, with 3-nerved claws; 2 upper ones shortest, 2
rest ovate ; ovary many-seeded; stigma hooked. h.s. Na- lateral ones longer than the upper ones (f. 64.cc.), lowest one large
tive of Cayenne. Vìola longifolia, Poir. dict. 8. p. 649. Ioní- (f. 64.b.), with the limb involute in æstivation, bicallose at the base,
dium longifolium, Roem. et Schultz. syst. 5. p. 398.
398. Flowers and drawn out behind into a hollow spur (f. 64. e.). Filaments of
cream-coloured or white.
stamens separated and dilated at the base, oblong, pressed to the
Long-leaved Noisettia. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 11 foot. ovary, each furnished with a membrane at the apex, bearing the
1. p. 290.
a

320
VIOLARIEÆ. III. SCHWEIGGERIA. IV. VIOLA.
teate.
*
.
anthers low down ; lobes of anthers drawn out at the top ? di- as emetics, some are used as a substitute for ipecacuanha, and
verging, but approximate at the base ; 2 anterior filaments bear- it has been ascertained by analysis that they contain the same
ing on their back nectariferous awl-shaped appendages, which principle. In medicine the flowers of violets act as a laxative,
are drawn in within the spur (f. 64.e.). Stigma ascending, usually and the
syrup
is used by chemists to detect an acid or an alkali;
drawn out downwards into a somewhat spatulate appendage, for this purpose the V. odoràta is.cultivated to some extent at
somewhat inflexed at the top (f. 64. f.). Capsule 1-celled, 3- Stratford upon Avon.
valved, many-seeded (f. 64. k.); seeds fixed to the middle of We have here followed M. Gingins in the arrangement of the
the valves. Branched shrubs with reddish bark, about 6 feet high. species according to the form of the stigmas, but whether this
Leaves simple, alternate, serrated, deciduous, feather-nerved ; character has been sufficiently ascertained in all the species we
stipulas small. Peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, axillary, brac- are not at present able to say.
This is an intermediate genus between Noiséttia and Sect. I. NOMI'NIUM (a name applied by old authors to some
Viola, differing from both in the form of the calyx.
kinds of violets). Ging. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 291. Stigma
1 S. FLORIBU'NDA (St. Hil. mem. mus. 11. p. 456. t. 22. b.) beaked, with a little chink or hole situated on the apex of the
p
leaves ovate-oblong, tapering to both ends, acute, and acutely beak, which is more or less recurved, sometimes marginated
serrate-toothed; peduncles axillary. h.s. Native of Brasil on below, hence flattish and oblique, sometimes without the mar-
mountains near Rio Janeiro. Flowers white ; lower petal cu- gin, and thence rather convex below. Style tapering from the
neated, streaked with yellow and red at the base. Glossarrhen top to the base. Stamens oblong, approximate. Torus flattish.
floribúndus, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 22. t. 15.
| Capsules usually 3-sided. Seeds 15-27. Seminal leaves
Bundle-flowered Tongue-violet.
FIG. 64.
usually obovate or oblong.
Fl. Sept. Oct. Sh. 4-5 feet.
$ 1. Stigmas depressed at the top, or marginated in the orb
2 S. PAUCIFLORA (Mart. fl. bras.
below. Stemless herbs.
1. p.23. act. bonn. 12. p. 48. under
Glossarhen) leaves tapering much
Roots (Rhizomas ?) toothed, more or less fleshy, usually
to the base, obovately-spatulate, ob-
oblique.
tuse, crenately serrulated; pedun-
* Leaves pedate, or lobed.
7
cles axillary. h.S. Native of Brasil
1 V. PEDA'TA (Lin. spec. 1323.) stigma large, compressed at
in the province of Bahia in shady
the sides, obliquely truncate at the top, and perforated, with a
stony places at the river Atahype.
very short beak ; leaves full of pellucid dots, pedately many-
Flowers white (f. 64.).
parted ; segments linear-lanceolate, variously lobed ; stipulas
Few-flowered Tongue-violet. Fl.
pectinately jagged, adhering a considerable way; petals all
Dec. Sh. 4 to 6 feet.
smooth, superior one truncate ; sepals lanceolate, acute, ciliated,
Cult. These beautiful shrubs
emarginate behind.
2. H. Native from New England to Ca-
will thrive in a mixture of loam,
rolina, on dry sandy hills and in fields.
Curt. bot. mag. 89.
sand, and peat, and young cuttings
Andr. bot. rep. t. 153. Flowers large, beautiful blue, with a
will strike root readily if planted in
white base.
sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
Var. linearáloba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 291.) leaves pedately
5-7 parted; partitions multifid ; lobes linear-lanceolate, entire,
IV. VI'OLA (lov, ion, a violet, in Greek. The ancients ciliated. Curt. bot. mag. t. 89. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 69. Flowers
feigned that violets were the first food of the cow lo, one of Ju- pale blue. Native of Virginia.
piter's mistresses). Tourn. inst. 419. t. 236. D. C. prod. 1. Var. B, ranunculifolia (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. c.)
p. 291. Viola, spec. Lin.
leaves deeply lobed. V. ranunculifòlia, Poir. dict. 8. p. 626 ?
LIN. SYST.
Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals unequal, all Flowers whitish? Perhaps the same as the following.
more or less drawn out downwards into ear-like appendages, Pedate-leaved Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. Pl. į ft.
(produced from the dilatation of the nerves,) erect after flowering, 2 V. SEPTENLÒBA (Le Conte in ann. lyc. new york, 2. p.
Petals unequal, convolute in æstivation, with 3-nerved claws, 141.) quite smooth, shining ; leaves rather succulent, ovate, cor-
lower one drawn out downwards, more or less into a hollow spur. date, toothed, lower ones entire, the rest pedately 7-lobed ;
Stamens approximate or coarctate (not joined) inserted on the middle lobe large; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, longer than
top of the teeth of a pentagonal, 5-toothed torus. Filaments the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, entire behind; petals all entire,
dilated at the base, oblong, or triangular, bearing the anthers upper one large, villous at the base, 2 lateral ones densely
low down ; lobes of anthers spreading at the base ; the 2 ante- bearded. 4. H. Native of North America in Carolina and
rior stamens bearing on their back 2 nectariferous, filiform ap- Georgia, in pine-woods. Flowers large, 2 inches in diameter,
pendages of various shapes, which are drawn in within the spur. blue, but white at the base, and marked with darker lines. This
Ovary sometimes superior, sometimes girded round at the base plant comes very near in habit to V. pedàta, but is much
by a concave torus, and therefore in this case appears half stronger, and is more worthy of that name than the plant that
inferior. Valves of capsule elastic, contracting at maturity and bears it.
ejecting the seeds. Seeds horizontal, manifestly carunculate, Var. B, albiflora (Le Conte, 1. c.) flowers white.
more or less egg-shaped and shining. Embryo oblong; radicle Seven-lobed-leaved Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. Pl. 1 foot.
rather terete ; cotyledons usually oblong-orbicular, flattish, 3 V. PEDATI'FIDA ; leaves pedately 3-parted, middle partition
scarcely longer than the radicle. Elegant, low herbs, for the trifid, lateral ones bifid, all lobed. Very like V. pedàta, but
most part perennial, rarely annual, sometimes with a very short differs in the two lateral petals being bearded. 4. H.
4. H. Native
or subterraneous stem, these are called stemless, sometimes of North America. Flowers beautiful blue.
caulescent, rarely shrubby. Leaves alternate, marcescent.
Pedatifid-leaved Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1826. PL. 1 ft.
Peduncles solitary, axillary 1-flowered, furnished with 2 little 4 V. DIGITA'TA (Pursh. A. amer. sept. 1. p. 171.) leaves pal-
bracteas, not jointed, reflexed at the top. Flowers drooping. mately 5-7-lobed, tapering into the petiole behind ; lobes entire.
Seminal leaves oblong or ovate, stalked ; primordial leaves oppo- 24. H. Native of Virginia. Flowers pale blue.
site, rarely meeting together. The roots of all the species act Digitate-leaved Violet. Fl. May. Clt.? Pl. | foot,
a,

VIOLARIEÆ, IV, VIOLA.
321
a
a
5 V. FLABELLIFOLIA (Lodd. bot. cab. 777.) stigma as in V.pe- Muhl.) stigma globose, not marginate ; rhizoma very thick, coral-
)
,
dàta ; style pubescent; leaves pedately 5-7-parted; partitions formed ; leaves large, cordately kidney-shaped, undivided, cre-
cuneated, cut; stipulas jagged, adhering a considerable way; nately-toothed, pubescent; lateral petals bearded; pedicels shorter
petals smooth. 27. H. Native of North America. V. pedàta, than the leaves. 4. H. Native from Virginia to North Caro-
var. bícolor, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 171. V. atropurpurea, lina, in low, rich woods and meadows. Flowers blue.
Raf. in litt. Flowers large, pale blue, ornamented with dark Asarabacca-leaved Violet. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft.
purple at the edge, and velvety at the bottom.
11 V. PAPILIONA CEA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 173.) stigma
.
Fan-leaved Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. Pl. 1 foot. triangular, marginate ; rhizoma fleshy, thickish ; leaves triangu-
6 V. PALMA’TA (Lin. spec. 1323.) nearly smooth, or some- larly-cordate, acute, crenated, rather cucullate, smoothish; 3
times a little pubescent; stigma capitate, recurved, beaked, de- lower petals connivent, bearded beneath the middle, 2 upper
pressed, marginate ; rhizoma fleshy, thick ; leaves hastately-cord- ones reflexed. 4. H. Native of North Carolina, and near
ate, palmately-lobed ; lobes polymorphous (rarely undivided); Philadelphia, in humid places. Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 356.
5
.
sepals ciliated, ovate-lanceolate, entire behind ; lateral petals V. barbata, Willd. MSS. ? Flowers blue, striated, and bearded
bearded, with the claws of all keeled. 4. H. Native of North with yellow down.
America. Flowers blue.
Var. a, sepals acuminated ; leaves triangularly-cordate, acu-
Var. a, vulgàris (Elliot, sket. 1. p. 300.) outer lobes of leaves minated.
with small acute segments at the base.
Var. ß? sepals ovate; leaves cordate, acutish.
Var. B, fràgrans (Elliot, l. c.) leaves more dissected; flowers Butterfly Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1800. Pl. 4 foot.
fragrant. Native near Savannah.
12 V. AFFI'NIS (Le Conte in ann. lyc. new york, 2. p. 138.)
Var. y, dilatàta (Elliot, 1. c.) pubescent; leaves profoundly plant smooth ; leaves ovate, cordate, rather acuminated, crenate-
7
dissected. Common in Carolina and Upper Georgia. This is toothed ; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, shorter than the leaves;
the type of the species, according to Schwein.
sepals ovate-lanceolate, either entire or emarginate behind,
Var, d, variegata ; leaves of 2 formes, later ones 3-lobed ; rather blunt; petals entire, veiny, 2 lateral ones bearded, 4. H.
lateral lobes deeply lobed, middle lobe large and not so deeply Native of North America. V. cucullata, Schweinitz and Torrey.
lobed as the lateral ones ; flowers variegated with blue and V. soròria, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 173. V. papilionàcea
white. 4. H. Native of North America. Sepals not ciliated. var. B, D. C. prod. 1. p. 292. Flowers blue, white at the
Palmate-leaved Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. Pl. bottom, upper petal villous as well as the rest, lateral ones
1
foot.
bearded, lower one marked with a few blue lines.
7 V. HETEROPHY'LLA (Muhl. cat. ex Le Conte in ann. lyc. Neighbouring Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1802. Pl. ; ft.
new york, 2. p. 139.) smooth ; leaves cordate, elongated-ovate, 13 V. CUCULLA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 288.) stigma trian-
rather acute, crenate-toothed, entire, and somewhat palmately 5- gular, marginated; rhizoma fleshy, thick ; leaves smooth, cordate,
lobed, with the intermediate lobe much larger and broader than acute, serrated, cucullate at the base; peduncles longer than
the rest ; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, longer than the leaves ; the petioles ; limb of lower petal narrow, beardless, with the 2 la-
sepals awl-shaped, emarginate behind; petals all entire, veined, teral ones bearded, all obliquely twisted ; claws of all keeled. 2.
white at the base, superior petal villous at the base, lateral ones H. Native of North America, in wet places, common.
Flowers
bearded, and with the inferior one marked with a few blue lines. blue, white at the base. Sims, bot. mag. 1795. V. oblíqua,
2. H. Native of North America in Georgia and Carolina, in Pio. diss. p. 12. t. 3. f. 1. V. cucullata, 6, glabérrima, D. C.
humid places and in rice grounds. V. palmata var. hetero- prod. 1. p. 292. Sepals subulate, emarginate behind.
phylla, Elliot, D. C. Leaves esculent and mucilaginous.
Var. f, hispidula (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves with a short acu-
Var. f, albiflòra (Le Conte, 1. c.) flowers white; leaves entire, men, rather hispid on the upper surface. Flowers blue?
but when in flower a little lobed. Leaves esculent and mucila- Var. y, cordiformis (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves cordate, hardly
ginous, which is the case with most of the violets of this section. acuminate, rather hispid on the upper surface ; rhizoma perpen-
Various-leaved Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt.? Pl. foot. dicular, blackish. Perhaps a species.
8 V. CONGE'NER (Le Conte in ann. lyc. new york, 2. p. Hooded-leaved Violet. Fl. April, Ju. Clt. 1762. Pl. 1 to ft.
140.) always villous, leaves broad-ovate, cordate, rather kid- 14 V. IMBE'RBIS (Ledeb. fl. alt. 1. p. 257. icon. fl. pl. ross.
ney-shaped, deeply crenate-toothed, so as to appear lobed ; pe- alt. ill. t. 236.) stemless ; leaves cordate, acute, serrated, rather
tioles very villous; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, shorter pilose ; peduncles length of leaves, furnished with bracteas in
than the leaves; sepals ciliated, ovate, obtuse, entire behind; the middle; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated at the base ;
petals all entire, veined, white at the base, upper petal nar- petals oblong, obtuse, beardless; spur elongated, blunt, a little
rowest, sometimes rather villous at the base ; lateral ones densely incurved. 4. H. Native of Siberia Altaica. Flowers viola-
bearded, and with the inferior one marked with a few blue
Like V. macróceras, but the petals are not bearded.
lines. 4. H. Native of North America along with V. palmàta, Beardless-petalled Violet. Fl. April, May. Pl. į foot.
Ž
but is easily distinguished at first sight by the yellowish-green 15 V. OBLI'QUA (Ait. hort, kew. 3. p. 288.) stigma triangular,
colour of its leaves. Flowers blue, white at base, or of a deep- marginated; rhizoma fleshy, thick ; leaves smooth, cordate,
violet. Perhaps the same as the following.
acute, crenately-serrated, flattish; flowers erect; peduncles length
Congener Violet. Fl. March, July. Člt. Pl. foot. of leaves ; petals obliquely twisted ; lateral ones very narrow,
9 V. TRI’LOBA (Schwein. amer. journ. 5. no. 1.) stigma capi- and longer than the rest, bearded beneath the middle.
tate, recurved, beaked, depressed ; rhizoma fleshy, thick ; leaves Native from Pennsylvania to Virginia, in wet shady places. Flow-
smooth, of two forms, some of them nearly kidney-shaped, others ers white, with purple and yellow veins. Víola cordàta, Walt.
3-lobed ; lateral lobes small, sub-divided. 4. H. Native of car. 219. ?
Carolina, in fertile woods and meadows. Flowers deep blue. Oblique-petalled Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt, 1762. Pl. Z ft.
V. pálmáta, var. tríloba, Ging. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 292.
p
Three-lobed-leaved Violet. Fl. April, June. Pl. 1 foot.
** Roots wrinkled, more or less ligneous, and branched.
+ Leaves cordate, entire.
† Leaves pinnate, or lobed.
10 V. ASARIFÒLIA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 732. not of 16_V. PINNATA Lin. spec. 1323.) stigma triangular, emar-
VOL. 1.-PART. IV.
Tt
a
ceous.
24. H.

322
VIOLARIEÆ. IV. VIOLA.
;
ginated; root divided, rather woody; leaves pinnately many- smooth, lanceolate, rather obtuse; 2 lateral petals bearded at
parted ; partitions many-lobed ; sepals ovate ; 2 lateral petals the base, lower one acuminated. 2. H.
4. H. Native of Pennsyl-
bearded; seeds turbinate, foveolate at the base, reddish. 2.H. vania, Virginia, Carolina, and New Jersey, in humid places.
Flowers pale blue, with darker veins. This species is smaller Flowers small, white, veined, the lower petal with dark purple.
than V. pedàta; leaves generally as deeply divided into about Var, a, cordàta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 293.) smoothish. footstalks
.
5 segments, which are either 3-cleft or pinnatifid, as well as shorter than the leaves ; scapes twice the length of the leaves.
jagged, and very narrow.
4. H. Native of North Carolina. V. primulæfòlia, Ait. hort.
Var. a, Sibirica, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 293.) leaves pinnate- kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 45 ? Schwein. amer. journ. 5. no. 1. p. 48.
parted; partitions pinnatifid, densely ciliated; capsules more V. cordàta, Watl. ? ex Bosc. Flower blueish, sweet-scented.
acute, and the seeds are smaller than in Var. ß. Native of Var. B, Bósci (D. C. prod. l. c.) smoothish; footstalks almost
Siberia. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 101. t. 48. f. 4.
none; scapes hardly exceeding the leaves. 4. H. Native of
Var. f, Europæ'a (D. C. prod. l. c.) leaves pinnatifid ; fissures Carolina. Pl. 6 inches high.
many-lobed, remotely ciliated ; capsules obtuse; seeds large. Cowslip-leaved Violet. Fl. April, June. Cit. 1783. Pl. 1
Native of the mountains of Switzerland and Savoy. All. mis- to foot.
cell. taur. 3. p. 181. t. 5. f. 2. Hall, hist. no. 561.
23 V. LANCEOLA'TA (Lin. spec. 1323.) stoloniferous ; stigma
Pinnate-leaved Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. Pl. į ft. marginate, beaked ; leaves lanceolate, tapering to both ends ; sti-
ž
;
17 V. DISSE'CTA (Led. fl. alt. 1. p. 255. icon. pl. fl. ross. alt
. pulas free ; sepals lanceolate ; 2 lateral petals bearded. 4. H.
ill. t. 232.) stemless ; leaves 3-parted ; segments multifid, Native of North America in humid places. V. lanceolata, Lin.
toothed, smooth ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, rather shorter spec. exclusive of the Siberian variety. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 211.
.
than the spur; 2 lateral petals bearded. 4. H. Native on the Sweet, fl. gard. 174. Flowers white, the lower and lateral petals
Altaian mountains, about Barnaoul, and elsewhere. V. multi- painted with purple veins. Leaves serrated.
fída, Willd. herb. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 101. no. 66. Flowers largeish, Var. B, leaves ovate, truncate at base. 4. H. Native of
violet. Root (rhizoma ?) horizontal, branched.
Georgia and Carolina. Perhaps a variety of V. primulæfòlia.
Dissected-leaved Violet. Fl. May. Pl. 1 foot.
Spear-leaved Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Pl. I foot.
.
18 V. DACTYLOI'Des (Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 351.) stigma 24 V. ATTENUA'TA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 37.) smooth ; leaves
marginated; root divided, hard ; leaves palmately 5-7-cleft; lanceolate, acute, and somewhat serrated, gradually tapering
leaflets oblong-lanceolate, grossly serrated, under surface villous ; down the petiole; peduncles scarcely longer than the leaves ;
sepals ovate; 2 lateral petals bearded. 4. H. Native of birch segments of the calyx acute; petals beardless, 2 upper ones
forests about Irkoutek and Nertschinsk-Sawod. V. palmàta, roundish; stigma recurved, distinctly beaked, capitate, not mar-
Patrin. herb. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 100. t. 49. f. 3. Flowers pale ginate. 4. H. Native of North America, from Canada to
blue, with darker veins.
Pennsylvania, in overflowed meadows. Flowers white, scentless
Finger-grass-leaved Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1820. the upper petal painted with purple veins. V. lanceolata, Pursh,
Pl. I to foot.
fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 172.
172. Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 150. but not
of Lin.
+ + Leaves ovate-cordate, or lanceolate.
Attenuate-leaved Violet. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1759. Pl. 1 ft.
19 V. VARIEGA'TA (Fisch. in litt. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 293.) 25 V. PATRÍNII (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 293.) stigma
style marginated ; root sub-divided, hardish; leaves ovate- triangular, marginated ; trunk of root hardish ; leaves ovate-
1
cordate, or roundish; capsules obtuse; seeds ovoid, reddish. lanceolate, truncate at the base ; sepals lanceolate; 2 lateral
4. H. Native of Dahuria. V. maculàta, Patrin. herb. but petals bearded ; stipulas one-half adhering. 4.H. Native of
not of Cav. Stipulas lanceolate, i-adhering, denticulated. Siberia. V. prunellæfòlia, Fisch, in litt. Flowers pale blue.
Leaves violaceous on the under surface, obscurely green on the Petioles 3 or 4 times longer than the leaves.
upper surface, white at the veins, and rather hispid.
Spur cy-
Patrin's Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Pl. I foot.
lindrical, straight, length of sepals. In fruit-bearing plants the 26 V. LONGISCA'PA (D. C. in herb. Lamb.) smooth ; stigma?
leaves are large, roundish, almost glabrous. Flowers pale violet, leaves oblong, rounded at both ends, somewhat attenuated at
very like those of V. pinnàta. Capsules obovate-trigonal. the base, almost entire, or with 1-3 teeth on each side at the
Variegated-leaved Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. Pl. base ; peduncles twice the length of the leaves ; sepals ovate-
1 foot.
lanceolate, obtuse, entire ; petals all smooth; spur a hollow
20 V. CALTHÆFOʻLIA (Poir. dict. 8. p. 627.) leaves ovate-cor- pouch, not half the length of the sepals. 4. F. Native of
date, obtuse, somewhat crenated, rather hairy; peduncles shorter New Holland. Peduncles 8 inches high. Flowers about the
than the leaves. 4. H. Native ? Perhaps the same as V. asari- size of those of V. blanda.
folia? Capsules ovate-triquetrous. Seeds globose. Flowers Long-scaped Violet. Pl. foot.
blue. Lateral petals bearded ?
27 V. CÆSPITOSA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 205.) smooth ;
Caltha-leaved Violet. Pl. į foot.
leaves oblong, obtuse, crenulate, rounded at the base ; petioles
21 V. PHYTEUMÆFOʻLIA (D. C. in herb. Lamb.) pubescent; winged, 3-times shorter than the leaf; scapes exceeding the
stigma? leaves oblong-ligulate, obliquely cordate at the base, leaves in length; segments of the calyx lanceolate, acute; pe-
obtuse at the apex ; peduncles twice the length of the leaves ; tals obovate, entire, 2 lateral ones bearded. 4. F. Native of
sepals lanceolate, acute; spur blunt, shorter than the sepals; Nepaul, at Chitlong. V. primulæfòlia, Hamilt. mss. V. Pa-
petals obovate-oblong, lower one retuse, lateral ones bearded; trínii, y, Nepaulensis, D. C. prod. 293. Flowers violaceous.
stipulas linear, entire, acute. 2. F. Native of New Holland. Tufted Violet
. Fl. April. Clt. 1824. Pl. Z foot.
Peduncles 6-9 inches high. Flowers about the size of those of 28 V. CHINE'NSIS; root annual ; leaves oblong-ovate, rather
V. calcaràta. Like V. ovàta.
cordate, smooth, crenated, running into the petiole at the base ;
Phyteuma-leaved Violet. Pl. foot.
peduncles long ; petals all beardless. 0. H. Native of China,
22 V. PRIMULÆFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 1324. exclusive of the syno- near Canton, in uncultivated places. Flowers purple, sweet-
nym of Gmel.) stigma marginate ; root fibrous, rather branched; scented. V. primulæfòlia, Lour.
leaves smoothish, ovate, rather cordate at the base, running down Chinese Violet. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot.
into bordered footstalks, obscurely crenate ; stipulas free; sepals 29 V. ACU'TA (Bigel ex Spreng. syst. append. p. 96.) leaves
3
.
.
1

VIOLARIEÆ. IV. VIOLA.
323
curved spur.
a
p. 798.)
4. H.
ovate-lanceolate, bluntish, obsoletely crenated, running down the at the bottom, abruptly tapering into the base; stipulas free;
petiole at the base ; stipulas linear--lanceolate; petals acute, sepals lanceolate; capsule oblong, trigonal, with somewhat ob-
beardless ; spur very short. 4. H. Native of North America, tuse valves; seeds turbinate, brownish-red when ripe. 4. G.
in Massachusetts. Flowers blue? Stigma unknown.
Native of New Holland, at Botany Bay and Port Jackson. V.
Acute-leaved Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
longifòlia, R. Br. ined. Flowers apparently light purple, not
30 V. ova'ta (Nutt. gen. 1. p. 148.) villous; stigma margin- much veined. Scapes always densely downy, longer than the
ate ; trunk of root thick, somewhat fleshy; leaves ovate, subcor-
leaves.
date, rather acute, crenate, usually lacerately toothed at the base, Betony-leaved Violet. Fl. Apr. July. Clt. 1820. Pl. A ft.
tapering abruptly into the footstalk, which is therefore winged,
*** Roots somewhat fusiform.
conspicuously pubescent on either side; scape shorter than the
leaves; sepals lanceolate ; stipulas lanceolate, long ; petals 35 Phili'PPICA (Cav. icon. rar. 6. p. 19. t. 529. f. 2.) stigma
obovate, the two lateral ones bearded. 2. H. Native on dry marginate ; roots fusiform, almost simple ; leaves ovate-oblong,
hills from Canada to Virginia ; abundant near Philadelphia, on obtuse, crenate, rather villous on the under surface, tapering ab-
the shelving rocks which border the Schuylkill ; also in sandy ruptly at the base into a shorter footstalk; stipulas adnate ;
fields of New Jersey. V. primulæfòlia, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. sepals ovate-lanceolate; petals ovate, obtuse ; seeds almost glo-
p. 173. Bigel. fl. bost. 59. V. ciliàta, Muhl. V. fimbriátula,
V. ciliàta, Muhl. V. fimbriátula, bose, brownish-red. 4. F. Native of the islands of Manila
Smith in Rees' cycl. Flowers bright blue, large.
and Luzon, amongst stones. Scapes double the length of the
Var. B, Belvisiàna, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 294.) very hairy; foot- leaves, with 2 linear opposite bracteas in the middle of each.
stalks hardly any; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; flowers Differing from V. betonicæfòlia in the form of the roots, and from
smaller than in var. a. Native of the higher mountains of Vir- V. Gmelinidna in the form of the leaves, and straight, not re-
ginia.
Flowers of a violaceous-red colour.
Ovate-leaved Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1783. Pl. 1 ft. Philippin Violet. Fl. May, June. Cit.? Pl. foot.
31 V. SPATULA'TA (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 1.
36 V. GMELINIA'NA (Rom. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 354.) stig-
leaves spatulate, almost sessile, nearly entire, and are, as well as ma marginate; roots fusiform, almost simple ; leaves obovate-
the scapes, hoary-villous ; spur short, bluntish; stigma unknown. oblong, hairy, tapering into the footstalk at the base ; stipulas
2. H. Native of Persia.
adnate, ciliated ? sepals ovate-oblong, rather obtuse. 4. H.
Spatulate-leaved Violet. Pl. foot.
Native in dry places in Dahuria and Siberia. V. fusiformis,
32 V. SAGITTA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 287.) stigma margin- Smith, in Rees' cycl.—Gmel. sib. 4. p. 99. t. 49. f. 2. Flowers
.
ate ; trunk of root fibrous ; leaves ciliated, oblong, sagittately- pale blue or purple, larger than those of V. lanceolàta.
;
cordate at the base, subserrated, and cut at the base, sometimes Var. ß, scorpiurifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 294.) rather hispid;
slightly pubescent; stipulas free; sepals smooth, lanceolate, acute; sepals acuminate, longer than in var. a; leaves obovate-oblong ;
petals obovate, the 2 lateral ones bearded at the base.
capsules ovate-trigonal, rather obtuse; seeds dark reddish, with
Native on dry hills from New England to Virginia. Flowers a white caruncle at the base. 2. H. Native of Siberia, at
blue ; lower petal white towards the bottom, with purple veins ; Nerschinsky-sawod, Fisch.
the rest longer, narrower, and white towards the base. There is Var.y, elongàta (Ging. mss.) leaves cordately elliptical. 4.H. -
a variety of this plant, with the base of the leaves truncate, and Native of humid places near Irkoutek. Gmel
. fl. sib. 4. p. 99.
tapering more or less abruptly at the base, pubescent. V. sagit- Var. d, cordifolia (Ging. mss.) leaves cordate ; sepals acumi-
tæfòlia, Sal. prod. 130. Sepals emarginate behind.
nate.
Native on the Ural mountains. V. suavis,
Var. B, emarginàta (Nutt. gen. 1. p. 147.) leaves triangu- Fisch, in litt. Roots subdivided. Stigma depressed. Perhaps
.
larly-cordate, or hastate, lacerately toothed near the base, and a species?
running into a narrow margin on the petiole, under surface gla- Gmelin's Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
brous, upper surface usually pubescent; scapes longer than
* * * * Roots (or rhizomas) jointed.
the leaves ; petals obovate, all emarginate and bidentate, lowest
cucullate, the 3 lower, and sometimes the 2 upper, pubescent; 37 V. PALU'STRIS (Lin. spec. 1324.) stigma marginate; roots
stigma beaked, depressed horizontally, marginate around. 4. H. articulated, scaly; leaves cordately kidney-shaped, smooth ;
Native of New Jersey, in sandy fields, near Philadelphia, and also stipulas broad-ovate, acuminated ; sepals ovate-obtuse; 2 lateral
on the banks of the Schuylkiil. Flowers of a fine deep blue. petals with a hairy central line; capsules oblong, trigonal ; seeds
Arrow-leaved Violet. Fl. Apr. July. Clt. 1775, Pl. ft.
$ ovoid dark-greenish. 4. H. Native throughout Europe, in
33 V. EMARGINA'TA (Le Conte in ann. lyc. new york, 2. p. mossy bogs and humid meadows; plentiful in Britain, chiefly,
142.) smooth ; leaves rather succulent, oblong-ovate, cordate, though not exclusively, in the northern and mountainous coun-
toothed, sometimes ciliated, superior ones unequally and deeply- ties.
toothed at the base, and usually running into the petiole at the Var. a, vulgàris (D. C. prod. 1. p. 294.) flowers pale blue ;
base, with the mid-rib very prominent; petioles sometimes
petals obovate. V. palústris, Smith, eng. bot. t. 444. Curt.
rather villous ; peduncles tetragonal, longer than the leaves ;
lond. fasc. 3. t. 58.
sepals lanceolate, acute, emarginate behind; petals all emar- Var. B, Pennsylvánica (D. C. prod. l. c.) flowers purplish;
ginate, villous, lower as well as lateral petals bearded. 4. H. petals almost orbicular. 4. H. Native of North America.
Native of North America in dry woods, from New Jersey to V. cucullata, Bigel. in litt. Perhaps a distinct species.
Carolina. V. dentàta, Pursh. A. amer. sept. 1. p. 172. V. Marsh Violet. Fl. May, June. Britain. Pl. { foot.
2
sagittàta, var. y, dentàta, Schwein. amer. journ. no. 2. D. C. 38 V. BLA'NDA (Nutt. gen. 1. p. 150.) stigma capitate, mar-
prod. 1. p. 294.
294.
Flowers blue, white at the base, upper petal ginate ; roots jointed ; leaves cordately-kidney-shaped, slightly
with a few purple veins.
pubescent on the under surface, pressed to the ground; stipulas
Emarginate-petalled Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. Pl. } foot. ovate-lanceolate, acute; sepals linear-oblong, obtuse; petals
34 V. BETONICÆFO'LIA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 7.) plant rather smooth. 4.H. Native of North America, in wet places and bog-
downy; stigma triangular, marginated; trunk of root ligneous, meadows, from New York to Carolina. V. blánda, Willd. hort
.
,
, .
almost simple, blackish ; leaves smoothish, or slightly downy,
berl. 1. t. 24.? Flowers white, with a few blue lines, sweet-scented.
linear oblong, obtuse, regularly crenate, cordate, slightly dilated Pretty Violet. Fl. May, July.
Fl. May, July. Clt. 1802. Pl. 4 foot.
2. H.
Tt 2

324
VIOLARIEÆ. IV. VIOLA.
;
a
39 V. ROTUNDIFOʻLIA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 150.) stig- and Torrey. V. villosa, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 148. Flower reddish.
ma capitate, round, recurved at the apex, but without a beak; blue, white at the base.
Petioles and scapes hairy.
roots jointed, scaly ; leaves large and round, constantly pressed Var. B, Nuttallii ; petals obovate; leaves thickish, cordate,
to the ground, with pubescent petioles, with the recess becoming acutish, lying on the ground; sepals short and narrow, smooth.
at length closed, under surface glabrous; stipulas subulate-lan- 4. H. Native in woods on the banks of Schuylkill, near
ceolate; sepals oblong, narrow, obtuse ; 2 lateral petals bearded Philadelphia.
Philadelphia. Peduncles longer than the leaves. V. villosa B,
.
and striated; spur almost obliterated. 4. H. Native near cordifolia, Nutt. gen. 1. p. 148.
Philadelphia, on the shady banks of Wishahikon-creek, always Sister Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1802. Pl. 1 foot.
under the shade of A’bies Canadensis ; it has been found in simi- 44 V. CORDA'TA (Walt. car. p. 219.) stigma? Leaves broad-
lar situations in North Carolina. The flowers are of a pale cordate, acute, crenated, smooth ; peduncles very long ; sepals
yellow, and appear before the complete expansion of the leaves acute; lateral petals bearded. 2. H. Native of North America,
upon short peduncles; the 2 lateral petals are a little bearded, Flowers blue ?
and striated with 3 stripes upon each, the uppermost one inter- Cordate-leaved Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
rupted by a line of pubescence, the lowest petal very small, and 45 V. A'SPERA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 295.) rather
also striated ; the stripes are bifid, and crossed by two callous hispid ; stigma recurved, with a shortish beak, somewhat de-
converging lines near the base.
pressed at the top, naked ; leaves profoundly cordate, crenate,
Var. B, pållens (Banks, herb. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 295.) gla- pubescent, longer than the scapes ; sepals linear, obtuse, hairy ;
.
brous; sepals acuminated. H. H. Native of Labrador and stipulas setosely jagged; petals oval, 2 lateral ones much
Kamtschatka. Perhaps the same as var. a? or perhaps a distinct bearded ; nectaries conical, falcate. 4. F. Native of Upper
species.
Nipaul. Very like V. hírta, but differing in the form of the
Round-leaved Violet. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. Pl. 4 foot. stigma. Flowers cream-coloured or almost white. A dwarf
40 V. CLANDESTI'NA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 173.) stigma tufted herb.
marginate ? roots jointed, scaly ; leaves almost orbicular, blunt- Rough Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 foot.
ish, crenate-serrated, these serratures are glandular; peduncles 46 V. SE'RPENS (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 449.) smoothish ; stigma
branched, 2-8-flowered ; petals linear, scarcely longer than the marginate ? stems slender ; leaves profoundly-cordate ; sepals
calyx. 4. H. Native on the high mountains of Pennsylvania, lanceolate, acute; stipulas lanceolate, toothed; flowers minute
in shady
beech-woods, among rotten wood, and rich vegetable 2 lateral petals bearded in the middle; spur short, very blunt.
mould. This singular species differs from all the rest, in produc-
24. F.
Native of Nipaul. Perhaps the same as V. rèpens.
ing its flowers as it were under-ground, as they always are covered Buchan in herb. Lamb.? Flowers white, with a feeble blue
with rotten wood or leaves; they are of a chocolate brown, very tinge, scentless.
small; the seed-vessel buries itself still deeper in the ground, Creeping Violet. Fl. April, June ? Pl. į foot.
and is large in proportion to the plant. The inhabitants know
it by the name of Heal-all, being used by them in curing all
§ 2. Stigmas convex, immarginate belon.
kinds of wounds or sores. Pursh. According to Bigelow, the
Capsules turgid-roundish. Stems almost wanting.
flowers are at first large yellow, but when the leaves become
stately, or at a later period of growth, it produces small incon- 47 V. JAPOČNICA (Langsdorff, ex Fisch. in litt.) glabrous ;
spicuous greenish flowers, and creeping stolons.
leaves cordate; stipulas linear-lanceolate, jagged ; sepals lan-
Clandestine Violet. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800. Pl. 4 foot. ceolate, acute; spur thick, obtuse, straight, one half shorter
41 V. villo'sa (Walt. fl. carol. p. 212.) pubescent; stigma not than the petals. 4. H. Native of Japan near Nagasaki. V.
margined all round, beaked; trunk of root oblique, wrinkled ; odorata, Thunb. fl. jap. 326 ? Flowers blue.
leaves roundish-cordate, crenate-serrated, pubescent on both sur- Japan Violet. Fi. Ap. Jul.
Fi. Ap. Jul. Clt. 1818.
Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 to foot.
faces ; sepals oblong; stipulas lanceolate, toothed ; lower petal 48 V. cane'scENS (Wall. Al. ind. 2. p. 450.) plant stemless,
beardless, 2 lateral ones bearded ; capsules smoothish. 2. H. clothed with glaucous pubescence ; leaves cordately-reniform,
Native of North America, on shady hills. Schwein. amer. journ. obtuse, stipulas fringed with long ciliæ ; peduncles erect, longer
5. no. 1. spec. 9. Flowers blue, elegantly striped and bearded than the leaves; sepals linear, acute; petals thrice as long as
with yellow down. Leaves purplish beneath, lying on the the calyx, the upper two wedge-shaped and puberulous at the
ground.
base, two lateral ones rather narrower and bearded at the base.
Villous Violet. Fl. June, July? Pl. I foot.
4. F. Native in Nipaul on Mount Nag-Urjoon. Flowers
42 V. LECONTEA`NA ; smooth; leaves ovate, acuminated, small, scentless, pale violet. Style flattish.
crenated, sometimes rather villous above; petioles long, spotted Canescent Violet. Fl. March, April. Pl. foot.
with red ; peduncles somewhat tetragonal, equal with or higher 49 V. hirta (Lin. spec. 1324.) plant villous or pubescent;
than the leaves, spotted; flowers sweet-scented ; sepals lanceo- stigma hooked, acute, naked ; leaves cordate ; sepals ovate,
late; petals all entire, green at the base, lateral ones sometimes obtuse, with ciliated margins; stipulas with glandular teeth;
rather pubescent at the base. 4. H. Native of North Ame- 2 lateral petals bearded along the middle; spur somewhat coni-
rica in humid woods, in the state of New York and New Jersey, cal; nectaries glabrous; capsules turgid, hairy; seeds turgid,
and from Pennsylvania to Virginia. V. obliqua, Pursh. i. brown. 4. H. Native almost throughout the whole of Europe
amer. sept. 1. p. 172? V. amoe 'na, Le Conte, ann. lyc. new in
groves and thickets. In England in Oxfordshire, Cambridge-
york, 2. p. 144. Flowers white, with purple and yellow shire, Essex, and Kent; at Marham, Norfolk; near Bury, Suf-
veins.
folk; on St. Vincent's Rocks, Bristol, on a chalky or limestone
Le Conte's Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. Pl. Į foot. soil. Smith, engl. bot. t. 894. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. 64.
43 V. SORORIA (Willd. hort. berl. 1. t. 72.) stigma depressed, Fl. dan. t. 618. Flowers light greyish-blue, streaked with
not margined all round, beaked ; leaves orbicularly-cordate, black, scentless. Scapes taller than the leaves, furnished with
crenate-serrate, under surface glabrous, usually violaceous, up- 2 narrow opposite bracteas below the middle. ' Stolons short, not
per surface villous ; stipulas minute, awl-shaped ; petals oblong, rooting. This plant varies much in habit as well as in the
lower and 2 lateral ones bearded. 4. H. Native of Penn- shape of the leaves according to soil and situation.
sylvania, &c. in overflowed meadows. V. cordifolia, Schwein Var. B, alpina (D. C. prod. l. c.) leaves broad-cordate, with a
X

VIOLARIEÆ. IV. VIOLA.
325
short acumen; violaceous beneath the footstalks. 4. H. Na- Var, a, vulgàris (D. C. prod. 1. p. 296.) flowers deep-pur-
tive in the Alps of Savoy at St. Bernard. There is a variety plish-blue, pale and streaked in the mouth. The flowers of this
with the sinus more or less cut, and with the footstalks more or plant impart their colour and flavour to aqueous liquors; a
less dilated at the
apex,
syrup made from the infusion has long had a place in the shops,
Var. y, álba (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves cordate, very minute ;
.
and is said to be an agreeable and useful laxative for children,
flowers white; spur lilac. 4. H. Native on dry meadows. but it is chiefly valued as a delicate test of the presence of un-
Seeds turgid, brown. Later leaves largest.
combined acids or alkalies, the former changing its blue to a
Var. d, scàbra (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves acuminated ; sepals red, and the latter to a green. There can be no doubt but this
acute, ex Braun.
4. H. Native about Salzburg. V. scàbra, is the lov toppupkov of Dioscorides, who speaks of the ivy-like
Braun. in flora, 1820. p. 469.
leaves and very sweet-scented purple flowers, which he recom-
Hairy Violet. Fl. April, May. Britain. Pl. to į foot.
į
mends for sore throats and for children in the falling sickness.
50 V. AMBIGUA (Walds. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 190.) stoloni-
.
Var. B, cærulea (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 37.) flowers blue.
.
ferous leaves smooth, oblong-cordate; lobes inflexed, cucullate; Var. y, purpúreo-plèna (Sweet, l. c.) flowers double, purple.
sepals obtuse; 2 lateral petals bearded. 2. H. Native of Var. 8, cæràleo-plèna (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, blue.
Hungary and Germany. Flowers blueish. Petioles winged. Var. ε, pállido-plèna (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, pale-blue.
Ambiguous Violet. Fl. April, June. Pl. creeping,
This variety is commonly called Neapolitan Violet in gardens.
51 V. CAMPE'stris (Bieb. Al. cauc. 1. p. 171.) stigma hooked, Var. 5, álba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 296.) flowers white. Plentiful
naked ; leaves cordate, oblong, hairy ; 2 lateral petals bearded about Dorking in Surrey, in hedges. V. álba, Bess. fl. gall. 1.
in the middle; stolons none. 2. H. Native of Tauria and p. 171. This is probably a distinct species.
Iberia in meadows and fields. V. hírta, Pall. ined. Perhaps the Var. n, álbo-plèna (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers double, white.
same as V. Pyreniaca and V. collina. Besser, cat. hort. crem. Var, i, variegàta (D. C. prod. 1. c.) flowers variegated, Tourn.
anno. 1816. p. 151. Very like V. hírta, but the leaves are inst. 419.
narrower, less hairy, and on shorter petioles. Flowers truly Var.1, cornuta; all the petals horned, like that of Linària pi-
sweet-scented, pale-purple. V. hírta ß, frágrans, D. C. prod. lòria.
1. p. 295. Sepals obtuse. Root perpendicular.
Sweet-scented Violet. Fl. Mar. May. Brit. Pl. į ft. trailing.
12 /
Field Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. Pl. 1 foot.
56 V, SUA'vis (Bieb. suppl. p. 162.) stigma hooked, naked;
52 V. PYRENIACA (Ramond, in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 803.) stigma leaves reniform-cordate, crenate, pubescent; sepals obtuse; 4
hooked, naked ; leaves broad, somewhat cordate; footstalks upper petals narrowest, lower one emarginate, 2 lateral ones
dilated at the apex; sepals ovate, obtuse. 2. H. Native of with a hairy line; stolons long, creeping, and rooting. 4. H.
the Pyrenees on rocks. Flowers blue, sweet-scented. This is Native of Tauria. Flowers pale-blue, white at the base, sweet-
not a variety of V. palústris nor of V. canina, but probably the scented.
same as V. hírta, var. alpina ? Seeds unknown.
Sweet Violet. Fl. Mar. May.
Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1820. Pl. į foot.
.
Pyrenean Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1817. Pl. foot.
53 V. HUMILIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
** Capsules oblong, trigonal. Perhaps the 2 lateral petals of
all are bearded.
t. 492. f. 1.) very smooth ; leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse,
rounded at the base, truly cordate; stipulas dentately ciliated at
of Stems herbaceous.
the apex; calyxes acutish ; stigma hooked, acute; petals all 57 V. KROKE'RI (Gmel. syst. 412.) stigma hooked ; stem
smooth; ovary smooth ; spur short, rounded, spreading, with procumbent; leaves cordately kidney-shaped, bluntish; sepals
the appendages rounded at the apex, one half shorter than lanceolate, acute; capsule trigonal, pubescent. 4. H. Native
the cells of anthers. 2. F. Native of Mexico near Real del of Bohemia. V. purpurascens, Schm. fl. boh. 1. cent. 3.
. p
49.
Monte, at the height of 3218 feet. Flowers white, with yellow t. 311. Flowers purplish.
veins.
Kroker's Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Pl. procumbent.
Dwarf Violet. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824. Pl. , foot. 58 V. ULIGINO'SA (Bess. prim. fl. gall. 169.) stigma somewhat
54 V. HOOKERIA'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
.
reflexed, naked ; stems stoloniferous, and are as well as the foot-
369. t. 492. f. 2.) very smooth ; leaves kidney-shaped, pro- stalks glabrous ; leaves ovate, obtuse, somewhat cordate at the
foundly cordate; stipulas dentately-ciliated; calyxes acute; base; spur short, conical ; sepals obtuse. 2. H, Native of
stigma hooked, truncate at the apex; petals all smooth; ovary Parma, also of Carniolia, Carinthia, Lusatia in bogs. V. uligi-
smooth; spur short, rounded, with the appendages rounded at
1
nòsa, Schrad. in Roem. et Schult. syst. p. 357.; but this plant
the apex, one half shorter than the cells of anthers.
is said by Link to be without runners. Perhaps V. scaturiginosa,
Gathered along with V. hùmilis. Flowers violaceous.
Wallr. sched. 1. p. 97.? Flower purplish. Petals naked.
Hooker's Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
Swamp Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1823. Pl. I foot.
55 V. ODORA'TA (Lin. spec. 1324.) stigma hooked, naked;
59 V. LANGSDO'RFFII (Fisch. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 296.)
leaves roundish-cordate, crenate, smoothish; sepals ovate, ob- stigma marginate ? somewhat reflexed, obtuse ; stems at length
tuse; 2 lateral petals with a hairy line ; spur very blunt; cap-
elongated, with the base oblique; leaves roundish-cordate,
sules turgid, hairy; seeds turbinate, whitish ; "stolons long, smoothish; stipulas ovate, setaceously acuminated, and with bristly
creeping, and rooting. 4. H. Native in groves and hedges teeth at the base ; sepals ovate, rather acute ; limb of lower petal
almost throughout the whole of Europe, and in Siberia, China, and somewhat rhomboidal ; spur broadly saccate, very blunt. 2.
Japan? In Britain frequent. Smith, engl. bot. t. 894. Curt. H. Native of the island of Unalaschka. Flowers blue.
A. lond. fasc. 1. t. 63. Fl. dan. t. 309. Sturn. deutch. A. icon. Var. a, almost stemless; capsules oblong-trigonal, obtuse ;
good. Flowers sweet-scented, resembling that of orise-root or seeds large, somewhat pear-shaped, brown. V. odorata, var. in
Mignonette.
herb. Banks.
M. Boullay has discovered Violine, which exists in all parts Var. ß; caulescent? V. pedunculàris, Langsdorff ex Fisch.
of the plant. It is an alkaline substance, and forms salts by its in litt.
union with acids ; it is soluble in alcohol, but hardly so in Langsdorff's Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. , foot
water. It is procured in the form of yellow powder. This 60 V. MIRA'BILIS (Lin. spec. 1326.) stigma somewhat re-
substance is very active and poisonous according to M. Orfila. flexed, naked; stems rigid and are as well as footstalks villous ;
p. 369.
4. F.
;

326
VIOLARIEÆ. IV. VIOLA.
a
21. H.
tuse.
4
leaves smooth, cordately kidney-shaped, acuminated, crenate; sti- lary, as long or longer than the footstalks ; stipulas ovate, entire,
pulas awl-shaped, entire ; 3 large sepals, oblong-acuminate ; spur glandular; spur very short. 4. H. Native of the frigid re-
cylindrical, obtuse, long; valves of capsule very much pointed; gions of Gosaingsthan. Perhaps belonging to this section.
seeds pear-shaped, brown. 4. H. Native of woods and bushy Gland-bearing Violet. Fl. July. Pl. 2 foot.
places of mountains nearly throughout the whole of the tempe- 67 V. HAMILTONIA'NA (D. Don. fl. nep. p. 206.) plant
rate and colder parts of Europe, particularly Germany and Sweden, smooth ; stems creeping; leaves kidney-shaped, crenulated ; sti-
also of Siberia. Flowers pale blue; the lower petal streaked pulas lanceolate, acute, toothed ; peduncles hardly longer than
with violaceous veins. The specific name alludes to the fruit the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acute; spur short ; throat bearded.
being produced by apparently imperfect flowers, but this occurs 4. F. Native in Nipaul. Perhaps belonging to this section.
in several other species of Violet.
Hamilton's Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
Var. a, cauléscens (D. C. prod. 1. p. 297.) radical flowers 68 V. ARCUA'TA (Blum. bijdr. ex. Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p.
corollate, usually abortive,
cauline ones petalless, bearing seeds. 645.) stems decumbent, smooth ; leaves kidney-shaped-orbicular,
Jacq. fl. aust. 1. p. 19. Dill, elth. 408. t. 303. f. 390.
acutish, serrated, with the veins pubescent; stipulas ovate-ob-
Var. B, acaúlis (D. C. prod. 1. c.) peduncles all radical, Gmel. long, ciliated, 3-nerved, somewhat serrated at the base. 2. S.
fl. bad. 3. p. 519. in obs.
Native of Java. Flowers blue? Stigma unknown.
Wonderful Violet. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1732. Pl. 1 to Arched Violet. Pl. decumbent.
11 foot.
69 V. INCONSPICUA (Blum. l. c.) style incurved ; capsules el-
61 V. MAGELLAÔNICA (Forst. in comm. Goett. 9. p. 41. t. 8.) liptically-trigonal ; radical leaves hastately-cordate, crenulated;
.
,
stigma ? stem very short ; leaves kidney-shaped, hairy ; stipulas tapering a little into the petiole. 4. S. Native of Java. Per-
lanceolate, acute, entire; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; haps this and the preceding belong to section Leptídium.
spur saccate. 4. F. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Inconspicuous Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
Flowers large, yellow, streaked with brown veins. Petals smooth 70 V. STRIA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 290.) stig-
on the inside, or the 2 lateral ones are bearded. Spur short, blunt. ma papillose, rather reflexed, with a bluntish beak; stems
Magellan Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
branched, flexuous; leaves ovate-cordate, acuminated, smoothish;
62 V. MACULATA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 20. t. 539.) stigma rather stipulas ovate-lanceolate, dentately-jagged; sepals ovate-lanceo-
flat at the apex; stem short; leaves ovate, crenate, smooth, late, ciliated, emarginate behind; capsules shortish, with rather
spotted beneath; stipulas ovate, fringed; sepals lanceolate, obtuse valves, 3-7-seeded. Seeds roundish, rufous.
acuminated ; stamens emarginate at the apex ; spur short, ob- Native in woods from Pennsylvania to Carolina. V. débilis;
4. F. Native of Chili as well as of the Straits of Ma- Mich. not of Pursh, many species are confused under V. striàta.
gellan. Petals much bearded on the inside with clubbed pili, See Schwein. amer. journ. Flowers whitish streaked with pur-
the large petal obcordate, streaked with red lines. Flowers ple veins. Two lateral petals bearded.
yellow In the specimens we have seen the leaves are cordate Streaked-flowered Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. Pl. i ft.
and the 2 lateral petals bearded.
71 V. DICHO'TOMA (Moc. et Sesse, mex. ined. and D. C.
Var. B, megaphylla (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 297.) trunk prod. 1. p. 297.) stigma ? stem dichotomous ; branches spread-
)
of root long, terete; leaves elliptical or roundish-ovate. 4. F. ing ; leaves cordate; stipulas oblong, setosely-jagged at the top;
Native in woods at Duclos Bay, in the Straits of Magellan. V. sepals lanceolate, acute. 2. G. Native of Mexico. Very
pyrolæfòlia, var. a, Poir. dict. 8. p. 636, exclusive of the country. nearly allied to V. striàta. Flower violaceous. V. peduncu-
a. .
V. glandulòsa, Dombey. herb. V. lùtea megaphyllos, Commers,
.
Spotted-leaved Violet. Pl. } foot.
1 / 1
Dichotomous-branched Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
63 V. MICROPHY’LLA (Poir. dict. 8. p. 636.) stigma rather 72 V. OCHROLEUCA (Schwein. amer. journ. l. c.) stigma tubu-
.
flat at the apex; stem none; trunk of root very short ; leaves lar, curved a little, pubescent on the summit, stems assurgent;
ovate-lanceolate, crenulated, thickish, pubescent; petioles stipu- leaves cordate, acuminated, serrated, with the nerves rather
late at the base ; scape filiform, exceeding the leaves ; sepals pubescent on the under side ; stipulas oblong, large, remotely
acute ; lateral petals bearded ; spur obtuse.
. 2. F. Native of toothed ; sepals very narrow-lanceolate, acuminated ; flowers
Patagonia on hills about Boucault Bay. V. pyrolæfòlia, Poir. large ; lateral petals densely bearded ; spur long. 4. H. Na-
dict. 1. c. V. lùtea microphyllos, Commers. herb. Flowers tive of North America, along the river called Dam-river, and in
yellow.
the Saura mountains, but according to Pursh, from Pennsylvania
Small-leaved Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
to Virginia in shady woods. Flowers cream-coloured, with pur-
64 V. COMMERSO'NII (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 297.) stig- ple veins.
ple veins. V. striàta, Pursh. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 174. Nutt.
ma — ? stem very short ; stipulas broad-ovate, entire ? sepals gen. 1. p. 150. Perhaps only a variety of V. striàta.
.
1
oblong-lanceolate, bluntish.
4. F.
Native on the higher Cream-coloured-flowered Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1772.
mountains in the Straits of Magellan, above Fort Gallant. Flowers Pl. 1 foot.
white. Lateral petals bearded?
73 V. MUHLENBERGIA'NA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p.
Commerson's Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
297.) stems flexuous, assurgent, simple ; leaves cordate-orbicu-
65 V. RA'DICANS (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 297.) trunk of lar, acuminated, crenated, smooth; spur very short, obtuse, sti-
.
root horizontal, fibry; stigma marginate, short-beaked ; leaves pulas oblong, toothed ; sepals subulate; lateral petals bearded ;
ovate-lanceolate, tapering abruptly at the base or somewhat root fascicular. 4. H. Native of Pennsylvania and New Jer-
cordate, serrated ; stipulas linear, awl-shaped, with bristly ser- sey. V. uliginosa ex Muhl. cat. no. 18, not of Schrad. nor Bess.
ratures; sepals linear, acute; flowers minute ; petals beardless ? See Schwein. l. c._Perhaps a variety of V. dichotoma. V. con-
lower one smaller ; spur almost none. 2. H. Native of South spérsa, Reichb. Flowers blueish. Spur long, obtuse. Stigma
Carolina. Flowers yellowish ? or blue.
beaked, ciliated below.
Rooting Violet. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot.
Muhlenberg's Violet. Fl. May, Jul. Clt.? Plt. foot.
66 V. GLANDULÍFERA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 452.) stigma ? 74 V. LEWISIA'NA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.)
stems erect, very slender ; leaves broad, kidney-shaped, toothed, stems decumbent, stoloniferous ; leaves kidney-shaped and cor-
hairy, dotted with glands underneath, the lower ones shorter date ; stipulas large, ovate, very long and densely ciliated ;
than the petioles, the uppermost much longer; peduncles axil- flowers small, lower petal very minute, equal with the lateral
-

VIOLARIEÆ. IV. VIOLA.
327
-
ones, which are furnished each with a white beard ; spur 80 V. PALMA'RIS (Hamilt. mss. ined. and D. C. prod. 1.
shortish. 2. H. Native of North America, on rocks in the p. 298. D. Don, prod. p. 205.) stigma - ? stems branched ;
Saura mountains. V. rèpens, Schwein. l. c.
Flowers cream- branches weak, sarmentose; leaves cordate, acuminated, cre-
coloured.
nated, rather pilose, on long petioles ; stipulas linear-lanceolate,
Lewis's Violet. Pl. decumbent.
somewhat serrated ; sepals lanceolate, acute, glabrous, bidentate
75 V. RiviniA'NA (Rchb. icon. t. 75. 94, 95.) stem erect, at the base ; petals elliptical, puberulous above; spur saccate.
branched ; leaves profoundly cordate, ovate, crenated, pubes-
;
4. F. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty, and near Bheempedi.
cent above; stipulas linear, fringed; peduncles elongated ; supe- Flowers yellow.
rior appendages of calyx angular, permanent; capsule acute. Hand-high Violet. Fl. Apr. Dec. Clt. 1824. Pl. J foot.
4. H. Native of Europe in groves. This species differs from 81 V. ADU'NCA (Smith, in Rees' cycl.) stigma — ? stem sim-
V. canina in the stipulas being finely fringed and the leaves ple, ascending ; leaves somewhat heart-shaped, obtuse, crenate,
being profoundly cordate, as well as in the capsule being acute. downy, dotted; stipulas fringed ; peduncles longer than the
Perhaps V. sylvestris of Kit. and V. cordata of Willd. are iden- leaves ; nectaries hooked; sepals much drawn out at the base ;
tical with this species. Spur curved ?
spur long, recurved; two lateral petals downy at the base. 21.
Rivinus's Violet. Fl. April, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
H. Native of North America on the west coast. Habit of V.
76 V. CANÌNA (Lin. spec. 1324.) stigma papillose, somewhat canina, and the whole herb is minutely speckled like it, but
reflexed; adult stems ascending, branched, glabrous ; leaves ob- is easily distinguished by the strongly recurved spur, as well
long, heart-shaped; stipulas acuminated, serrated, or finely jag- as in the whole plant being more or less downy. Flowers blue?
ged; bracteas awl-shaped, entire; sepals awl-shaped ; peduncles Hooked-spurred Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
glabrous; capsules elongated, with acuminated valves ; seeds 82 V. DIFFUSA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.)
pear-shaped, brown. 4. H. Native in woods, hedges, thickets, stigma somewhat capitate, with a very short, blunt, naked, beak;
and heathy grounds nearly throughout the whole of Europe, Ja- stems simple, decumbent; leaves ovate, crenate, tapering into
pan, Persia, and the North-west coast of North America; also in the footstalks, with the nerves and margins pilose; stipulas
the Canary Islands ; common in Britain. Smith, eng. bot. t. lanceolate, toothed, ciliated; sepals lanceolate, acute; nectaries
620. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 61. fl. dan. t. 1453. V. sylvestris, broad at the base, emarginate above on the outside. 4. F.
Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 680. V. neglécta, Schm. fl. boh. no. 1. p. 51. Native of Nipaul. Very like V. Nuttallii of Pursh. Flowers
t. 313. but not of Bieb. There are many varieties of this plant yellow.
differing in height and form of leaves. Flowers blue, with Diffuse Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
purple lines in the mouth, and a greenish, white, abrupt spur. 83 V. PURPURA'SCENS (Schmidt, f. boh. ex Spreng. syst. 1.
Var. B, minor (D. C. f. fr. suppl. p. 617.) stem very short ; p. 799.) stem procumbent ; leaves reniform, cordate, bluntish;
leaves kidney-heart-shaped, smoothish. 4. H. Native of the calyx acute; capsule pubescent; spur short, blunt. 4. H.
Pyrenees and Swiss Alps.
Native of Bohemia Flowers purplish.
Flowers purplish. Stigma unknown.
Var. y, alba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) flowers white. 4. H.
.
Purplish Violet. Pl. procumbent.
Native of Britain. V.canina flore albo, Dill. in Ray's synops. 364? 84 V. FRA'GRANS (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 799.) stem
Var. d, macrántha (D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) flowers twice or simple, 1-flowered ; leaves spatulate-oblong, stalked, nerveless,
thrice larger than in the other varieties.
rather villous; sepals acute; spur short. 21. H. Native of
Var. ε ? Japónica (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves scarcely cordate Crete. Flowers blue? sweet-scented. Stigma unknown.
at the base. 4. H. Native of Japan near Nagasaki.
Fragrant Violet. Pl. foot.
Dog Violet.
Fl. Apr. Aug. Britain. Pl. to foot.
85 V. ROSTRA'TA (Pursh. A. amer. sept. 1. p. 174.) stigma
77 V. FLAVICÓRnis (Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 304.) stigma — ? beaked; beak somewhat erect, acute, naked; stems simple, de-
.;
stems ascending, woody, somewhat angular, much branched ; cumbent; leaves cordate, glabrous, serrated; stipulas lanceolate,
leaves cordate, coriaceous, smooth and even ; stipulas and brac- awl-shaped, serrately-ciliated, glabrous; spur straight, obtuse,
teas fringed; sepals lanceolate; peduncles erect; capsules shorter longer than the corolla. 4. H. Native on shady rocks near
and rounder than in V. canina. 4. H. Native of England in Easttown, Pennsylvania, and on the Alleghany mountains,
pastures, and on banks in a gravelly soil, about Mitcham, Flowers pale-blue, externally purple; petals all beardless ; ;
Surrey, and Norwich. Dill. in Ray's synops. 364. t. 24. f. 1. stigma clavate, without a beak. (Nutt.) Peduncles long.
Flowers half the size of V. canina, of a rather deeper blue, with Beaked-spurred Violet. Fl. May, June. Pl. foot.
a short, blunt, yellowish spur.
86 V. DE BILIS (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 174. not of
Yellow-spurred Violet. Fl. May, Jun. England. Pl. 1 foot. Michx.) stigma papillose, recurved, beaked ; stems almost sim-
78 V. NEGLE'CTA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 172.) stigma — ? stem ple, decumbent ; leaves reniform-cordate, acutish, smoothish,
erect, angular; leaves cordate, smooth, with rather scabrous serrulate or crenate; stipulas lanceolate, serrate-ciliated ; sepals
margins ; flowers all corollate ; stipulas toothed on one side only; lanceolate, glabrous ; petals oblong, 2 lateral ones bearded ; spur
peduncles furnished with bracteas in the middle. 4. H. Native long. 4. H. Native in low grounds from Pennsylvania to Ca-
of Tauria on the high mountains of Tschaturdag and Agudag, in rolina. V. canina, Walt. fl. carol. 219. Flower small, pale-blue.
woods. Larger than V. canina, and the flowers are constantly Weak-stemmed Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
white.
87 V. ARENA`RIA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 806.) glaucous, pubes-
Neglected Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1817. Pl. I foot. cent; stigma papillose, somewhat recurved ; stems simple,
79 V. EPI'PSILA (Ledeb. in Link, enum. 1. p. 241.) stigma rather erect ; leaves cordate-roundish ; stipulas erect, ciliately-
flat, with an incurved beak; stem trailing ; leaves cordate-round- serrated ; sepals lanceolate-oblong, acute; capsules turbinately-
ish, scarcely acuminated, glabrous; segments of calyx obtuse, elliptical, obtuse, pubescent ; seeds ovate, chesnut-coloured.
drawn out at the base into bearded auricles ; spur short, blunt. 4. H. Native of sandy places in Vallais, Alps of Piedmont,
4. H. Native of Siberia. Corolla pale blue, with the 2 lateral
Corolla pale blue, with the 2 lateral Provence, about Moscow, and in the Caucasus. V. Alliòni, Pio.
petals slightly bearded. The name is probably derived from εni, diss.
p.
20. t. 1. f. 2. V glaúca, Bieb. suppl. p. 165 ? V. ru-
upon, and yumikos, naked, lightly armed, in allusion to the sepals péstris, Schm. fl. boh. cent. 3. t. 1. p. 50. t. 312.? V. pusilla,
being bearded.
Schleich, in litt. V. lívida, Kit. V. nummularifolia, Schleich.
Hairy-sepalled Violet. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1822. Pl. I foot. Plant glaucous. Flowers blue. Spur obtuse.
Y
ε
-

328
VIOLARIEÆ, IV. VIOLA.
Var. B, aprica (D. C. prod. 1. p. 298.) very small, and almost montàna B, persicifolia, D. C. prod. 1. p. 299. V. pratensis.
stemless. 4. H. Native on hills at Lobenheim and Benstadt. Mer. et Koch. This species differs from V. montàna, in the
V. hírta aprica, Spreng. nov. prov. 43. no. 97.
leaves always tapering gradually into the petioles, not cordate at
Sand Violet. FI, May, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot. the base.
88 V. SARMENTÒSA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 172.) hairy ; stigma ? Peach-leaved Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1683. Pl. 1 ft.
.
1
stem filiform, undivided, procumbent; leaves roundish, bairy, 94 V. LA'CTEA (Smith, fl. brit. 1. p. 247.) smooth ; stigma
crenate; stipulas small, toothed ; peduncles shorter than the papillose, somewhat reflexed; stems ascending, simple; leaves
leaves ; sepals awl-shaped. 4. H. Native of Caucasus. ovate-lanceolate, bluntish, lower ones small, ovate ; footstalks
V. arenària y sarmentosa, D. C. prod. 1. p. 298. Flowers marginate ; stipulas jagged; sepals long, linear. 4. H. Native
blue. Spur obtuse, short.
on mountainous boggy heaths in Switzerland, France, and Bri-
Sarmentose Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. Pl. decumbent. tain ; on the sides of bogs on Waterdown forest, near Tunbridge,
;
89 V. RUPE'STRIS (Schmidt. A. boh. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. at Pendarvis, Cornwall; and in hilly pastures near Peebles, Scot-
799.) stem simple, pruinose, pubescent; leaves cordate-round- land. Smith, engl. bot. t. 445. V. Lusitánica, Brot. phyt.
ish, smoothish, crenulated; stipulas lanceolate, serrated. 44. H. p. 39. t. 17. V. montàna y, láctea, D. C. prod. 1. p. 299.
Native of Bohemia. Flowers blue. Stigma unknown.
V. stagnina, Kit. Flowers milk-white, or of a very pale-blue,
Rock Violet. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 foot.
with purplish streaks. Two lateral petals bearded.
90 V. PU'MILA (Vill. dauph. 2. p. 266. cat. strasb. p. 288.
p
Milk-coloured-flowered Violet. Fl. May, June, Britain.
t. 5.) smoothish; stigma papillose, somewhat reflexed; stems Pl. I foot.
branched, diffuse, procumbent ; leaves ovate-lanceolate; foot- 95 V. Ru`PPII (All. pedm. 2. no. 1646. t. 26.) smooth ; stigma
stalks marginate ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, toothed or cut; papillose, somewhat reflexed; stems procumbent ; lower leaves
spur cylindrical, somewhat recurved at the apex, obtuse, yel- cordate, upper ones lanceolate ; footstalks marginate ; stipulas
lowish, scarcely the length of sepals; valves of capsule rather jagged; sepals lanceolate, acute. 4. H. Native of the Alps
erect, glabrous, truncate at apex; seeds ovate, of a black- of Piedmont. Lod. bot. cab. t. 686. V. cordàta, Willd.? V.
chesnut colour. 4. H. Native of Dauphiny in Vascony; on Brossonetiàna, Rom. et Schult. Flowers pale-blue or white.
Iry heaths in Germany, Switzerland, and Piedmont. Flowers Ruppius's Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. Pl. procumbent.
pale-blue, with a hairy throat,
96 V. LANCIFÒLIA (Besser, gal. no. 256.) stem erectish;
Var. a, lancifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 299.) leaves lanceolate, leaves cordate-oblong, crenulated, rather pilose, dotted ; stipulas
gradually tapering into the footstalk at the base. V. lancifòlia, lanceolate, toothed ; sepals acute; spur emarginate, 2-lobed ;
Thore, chlor. land. 357.
petals bearded. 4. H. Native of Podolia. V. floribunda,
Var. B, ericetòrum (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves truncate at the Fisch, mss. ?
Fisch, mss.? Flowers blue. Stigma unknown.
base or somewhat cordate, but tapering abruptly into the foot- Lance-leaved Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
stalk. Native of turfy heaths. V. ericetòrum, Schrad. ined.
Var. littoralis (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stem elongated ; leaves
† † Stems shrubby.
cordate, ovate; flowers apetalous. Native on the coast of the 97 V. DECU'MBENS (Lin. fil. suppl. 397.) stigma hooked,
Baltic sea near Warnemunde. V. littoralis, Spreng. nov. prov. naked ; stems much branched, procumbent; leaves linear, very
narrow, entire, crowded; stipulas linear-awl-shaped, adhering ;
Dwarfish Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 foot. spur tubular, obtuse, straight, scarcely the length of sepals.
91 V. SCHMIDTIA'NA (Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 363.) stigma 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope on Hottentot moun-
hooked ; leaves cordate, acuminate, rather crenate; bracteas tains. Flowers blue, with a pale-green spur.
approximating the flower ; lower petal truncate. 4. H. Na- Decumbent Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Shrub de-
tive of Bohemia and Austria. V. nummulàrium, Schmidt. boh. cumbent.
no. 246. Stoloniferous. Spur short. Flowers blụe.
98 V. SCROTIFÓRMIS (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 299.) stigma ?
Schmidt's Violet. Fl. May, Jul. Clt.? Pl. 1 foot.
stems branched ; leaves linear, bluntish, entire; lower ones
92 V. MONTA'NA (Lin. spec. 1325.) smooth ; stigma papillose, remote ; stipulas awl-shaped, adhering ; spur saccate ; auricles
somewhat reflexed; stems simple, erect; lower leaves cordate, scarcely exceeding the sepals. h. G.
. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of
upper ones ovate, acute; footstalks marginate; stipulas oblong, Good Hope.
Good Hope. Flowers pale-blue.
toothed, or cut on one side ; 2 lateral petals bearded; spur Scrotum-formed Violet. Fl. June, July. Shrub } foot.
conical, truncate, erect, greenish, shorter than the acute sepals ; 99 V.ARBORESCENS (Lin. spec. 1325.) stigma hooked, naked ;
valves of capsule arched, rather acute; seeds ovate, of a chesnut- stems branched, erect, roundish, pubescent ; leaves lanceolate,
colour. 4. H. Native of the temperate parts of Europe and tapering to the base; stipulas oblong, adhering ; spur cucullate,
Siberia, particularly Lapland, Austria, Germany, and on mount obtuse, scarcely exceeding the auricles of the calyx; valves of
Baldo. Sims, bot. mag. 1595.-Riv. t. 119.-Morr. hist. 2. p. capsule boat-shaped, obtuse, few-seeded; seeds ovate, and be-
475. sect. 5. t. 7. f. 7. Flowers pale-blue.
fore the opening of the capsule they are of a darkish-purple,
Var. a, strícta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 299.) stems strict ; lower afterwards quite black, with white caruncles. h. G. Native
leaves cordate, smooth. V. strícta, Horn. hafn. V. Horneman-
,
among stones and in the fissures of rocks and amongst gravel,
niàna, Roem, et Schult? V. montàna a, fl. fr. 4. p. 807. Native
.
in the south of Europe and north of Africa. Flowers pale blue.
of mountainous meadows and thickets.
Var. a, linearifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 299.) covered with
Var. B, pubéscens (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stems strict ; lower pruinose papillæ ; leaves long, linear, entire. Native of Corsica.
leaves cordate, pubescent. V. erécta, Gerard. in litt.
Var. B, integrifolia (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, entire.
Mountain Violet. Fl. May, July.
Fl. May, July. Clt. 1683.
Clt. 1683. Pl. 1 foot. Native in the sand on the shores of the Mediterranean, and on
93 V. PERSICIFOLIA (Roth. Hoffm. fl. germ. 311.) puberulous; rocks in Spain.
rocks in Spain. V. Hispánica frúticans, Barrel. icon. t. 568.
stigma papillose, somewhat reflexed ; stem simple, erect, rather Arborescent Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1779. Shrub 1} ft.
flexuous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, serrated, smoothish, 100 V. SUBERÒSA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 313.) stigma hooked,
running into the petiole at the base ; stipulas large, cut; sepals naked; stems branched ; branches usually decumbent, tubercled;
ovate-lanceolate; spur short, blunt; 2 lateral petals bearded. leaves narrow-lanceolate, serrated, smooth, tapering into the
4. H. Native of Germany and Siberia. Flowers blue. V. petiole at the base, crowded on the tops of the branches; sti-
7,
p. 43.
,

VIOLARIEÆ. IV. VIOLA.
329
h. G.
a
pulas awl-shaped, entire; spur obtuce, very short.
this plant bearing only one flower on each stem. See J. Bauh.
Native of the north of Africa in fissures of rocks. V. arbo- hist. 3. p. 545. f. 1.
1
réscens y serratifòlia, D. C. prod. 1. p. 299. Flowers small, Two-flowered Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1752. Pl. 3 inches.
pale-blue, sometimes white.
107 V. CALEYA'NA; caulescent; stems slender, spotted ;
Var. B, latifòlia ; leaves rhomboidal-spatulate, remotely- leaves reniform-cordate, or cordate, mucronulate, crenated; sti-
toothed. h.Ğ. V. arboréscens d, D. C. prod. 1. p. 299. pulas lanceolate, acute, with one tooth on each side at the base ;
Corky Violet. Fl. April, May. Shrub decumbent.
peduncles longer than the leaves; sepals lanceolate, entire, acute;
101 V. ARBOREA (Forsk. fl. yem. CXX.) stigma? stem round petals smooth; spur a hollow pouch. 2. F. Native of New
at the base, angular at the top, erect, simple ; leaves oblong, Holland. Habit of V. biflora and the flowers are about the
pointed at both ends, remotely toothed; stipulas awl-shaped, same size. Stigma unknown.
entire ; spur very blunt, small. h. F. Native of Arabia in Caley's Violet. Pl. 1 to foot.
Yemen. Perhaps the same as V. suberòsa. Flowers probably
pale-blue.
Sect. III. CHAMÆMELA'NIUM (from xauai, chamai, dwarf,
Tree Violet. Fl. April, June. Shrub 14 foot.
and pelas pelavos, melas melanos, black, in opposition to the
next section.) Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 300. Stigma
Sect. II. DischI'DIUM (from dis, dis, twice, oxiśw, schizo, to round, capitate, ornamented on both sides below with a fascicle
cut; in allusion to the 2-lobed stigma.) Ging. mss. D. C. prod. of hairs, and with a minute sublateral hole at the tip. Style
1. p. 300. Stigmas without a beak, more or less 2-lobed at compressed, clavate. Stamens oblong, approximate. Torus flat-
the apex, with a little hole situated between the lobes. Style tish. Capsules usually trigonal. Seminal leaves usually roundish.
tapering from the top to the bottom. Seeds oblong, approximate. Two lateral petals bearded at the base.
Torus flattish. Capsules usually trigonal, few-seeded. Seminal 108 V. TRIPARTI'TA (Ell. sket. 1. p. 302.) leaves 3-5, lobed,
leaves usually roundish. Small stemless plants, or with very pubescent; lobes lanceolate-toothed ; stipulas ovate, entire or
short stems. Petals of all probably smooth.
serrulated ; sepals acute. 4. H. Native of Georgia near
102 V. PYGMÆ'A (Poir. dict. 8. p. 630.) stigma 2-lobed ? lobes Athens. Flowers yellow, on long slender peduncles. Perhaps
diverging ; trunk of root thick, perpendicular ; leaves much V. hastàta var. ß villosa of Le Conte.
crowded, linear, acute, sessile, with scabrous margins; sepals Three-parted-leaved Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. Pl.
linear; spur shortish ; petals apiculate, smooth. 2. H. Native 1 foot.
on the Andes of Peru in the coldest places. V. alpina, Ruiz, 109 V. NUTTA’LLII (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 174.) smooth ;
et Pavon, in herb. Deless. ined. Flowers apparently purple. stem simple, erectish; leaves lanceolate-ovate, entire or obscurely
Pygmy Violet. Pl. 1 inch.
toothed, tapering down the footstalk, with the nerves and mar-
103 V. COTY'LEDON (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 300.) gins pubescent; stipulas long, linear-lanceolate, entire; sepals
stigma bifid ; lobes reflexed; trunk of root thick, twisted ; lanceolate, acute, entire behind ; lateral petals bearded.
2.H.
leaves much crowded, rhomb-spatulate, tapering at the base Native on the banks of the Missouri near the confluence of Rock
into the footstalk a long way, smooth, with cartilaginous entire River. Flowers small, yellow, but purplish on the under side.
margins; sepals linear; spur very short. 2. G. Native on This is the only species of Violet on the plains of the Missouri
high mountains in Chili. Capsule trigonal, oblong, with the from the confluence of the river Platte to Fort Mandan.
peduncles spirally twisted at the top; seeds ovate, 9-10, dark. Nuttall's Violet. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Pl. į foot.
,
Flowers probably purple.
110 V. PRÆMO'RSA (Doug. mss. in bot. reg. 1254.) stemless ;
Cotyledon Violet. Pl. 4 foot.
peduncles longer than the leaves ; leaves ovate-oblong, hairy,
104 V. TRIDENTA'TA (Menzies, ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. entire; stipulas lanceolate, quite entire ; sepals linear, pilose.
300.) stigma ? stems much branched, procumbent ; leaves 4. H. Native of North America on the banks of the river
crowded, obovate-wedge-shaped, 3-toothed at the apex, coria- Columbia, and the plains of the river Aguilar in California.
ceous, smooth ; sepals ovate, obtuse; spur very short.
Flowers yellow ; petals beardless ? the lower one streaked at the
Native of Statenland on the peaks of mountains among snow. base. Root thick, fleshy, præmorse. Like V. Nuttallii.
A tufted plant, more resembling A. saxifraga than A. viola. Præmorse-rooted Violet. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1828. Pl. : ft.
Three-toothed-leaved Violet. Shrub foot.
111 V. HASTA'TA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 149.) smooth;
105 V. WALLICHIA'NA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 300.) stem simple, erect; leaves cordate-ovate, rarely halbert-shaped,
stigma bifid ? lobes lamellated, divaricating ; leaves reniform or serrated, smooth; stipulas small, awl-shaped, toothed ; sepals
cordate, hairy on the nerves; stipulas lanceolate, denticulated
; lanceolate, acute, sub-dentate ; spur very short. 4. H. Native
sepals awl-shaped ; spur awl-shaped, length of petals.
21. H.
of North America in Georgia near Athens, but according to
Native of Nipaul towards the summit of Sheopore. Habit of Pursh. on high mountains from Pennsylvania to Carolina.
V. biflòra. Flowers like those of V. rostràta. V. reniformis, Elliot. sket. p. 151. Flowers yellow,
Flowers yellow, purplish on the under
Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 451. Stem beset with a few shining hairs. side. Leaves usually marked with discoloured dots.
Spur jointed, descending ; nectary elongated, capillary; lower Var. B, glabérrima (D. C. prod. 1. p. 300.) leaves rhom-
petal obovate-wedge-shaped, apiculated. Flowers small, yellow, boidal-lanceolate.
,
2. H. Native of North Carolina in woods
sweet-scented.
and on hills.
Wallich's Violet. Pl. 2 inches.
Halbert-leaved Violet. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 to 1 ft.
106 V. BIFLORA (Lin. spec. 1326.) stem erect, about 2- 112 V. CANADE'NSIS (Lin spec. 1326.) smooth ; leaves ovate,
flowered ; stigma bifid ; lobes thick, diverging ; leaves reniform, cordate, crenated, acuminated, with downy nerves ; stipulas lan-
serrated, smooth ; stipulas ovate; sepals linear ; petals smooth; ceolate, entire, membranous; sepals lanceolate, awl-shaped,
spur very short; seeds round-ovoid, brownish, obscurely dotted. entire ; petals entire ; spur very short, somewhat saccate ; cap-
2. H. Native on humid mountains almost throughout the sules oblong, trigonal, very blunt; seeds roundish-ovate, ches-
whole of Europe, Siberia, and the western coast of North Ame- nut-coloured. 4. H. Native of North America on mountains
rica. Sims, bot. mag. 2089. Fl. dan. t. 46.—Pluk. alm. t. in shady woods, in rich moist situations from Canada to Carolina.
233. f. 7. and t. 234. f. 1. Flowers small, yellow, with the lip Flowers outside purplish-blue, inside white and elegantly veined,
streaked with black. Roots creeping. There is a variety of sweet-scented. Stigma a little pubescent. .
VOL. I. -PART IV.
Uu
h. F.
a
-

330
VIOLARIEÆ. IV. VIOLA.
pure white.
Var. a; stipulas narrow-lanceolate. V. Canadensis, Ell. of Piedmont and Dauphiny. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 804. Flowers
sket. p. 301.
p
blue, with darker stripes.
Var. B; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, ciliated; bracteas ciliated Var. B, mínima (D. C. prod. 1. p. 301.) 4. H. Native of
in the middle. V. albiflora, Link. enum. 1. p. 241. Flowers the Alps of Corsica.—Bocc. mus. 2. p. 163. t. 127.
Money-wort-leaved Violet or Pansy. Fl. May, June. Clt.
Canadian Violet. Fl. June.
Fl. June. Clt. 1783. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
113 V. PUBE'SCENS (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. v. 3. p. 290.) 119 V. ALPI'NA (Jacq. obs. 1. p. 21. t. 11.) stem very short ;
villous; stems simple, rather decumbent; leaves cordate, acu- leaves tufted, ovate-roundish, somewhat cordate, crenated, on
minated, serrated ; stipulas large, ovate, serrated at the top or long footstalks ; stipulas lanceolate, scarcely toothed, adhering ;
entire ; sepals oblong-lanceolate; spur very short, somewhat sac- sepals oblong, bluntish ; spur tubular, blunt, shorter than the
cate; ovary smooth. 4. H. Native of North America in shady sepals. 4. H.
4. H. Native on the summits of the loftiest moun-
woods, among rocks, particularly limestone rocks, from New tains of Austria, and the Carpathian mountains. Flowers dark-
York to Virginia, abundant about Philadelphia. Flowers yellow. blue, with darker stripes.
Stigma with two tufts of hairs. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 223.
Alpine Violet or Pansy. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 ft.
Pubescent Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. Pl. a foot.
1
120 V. CORNU'TA (Lin. spec. 1325.) root fibrous, stems as-
114 V. ERIOCAʼRPA (Schwein, amer. journ. 5. no. 1.) roughish; cending, diffuse ; leaves cordate-ovate, crenated, ciliated; sti-
stems assurgent, branched ; leaves cordate, acute, sometimes pulas obliquely-cordate, toothed, ciliated; sepals awl-shaped ;
reniform ; stipulas ovate-serrate; spur very short, somewhat sac- spur awl-shaped, elongated and abrupt at the base.
4. H.
cate ; fruit densely villous. 2. H. Native of North Carolina. Native of Switzerland and the Pyrenees, and on mount Atlas.
Sweet, fl. gard. t. 102. V. pubéscens ß. Ker. bot. reg. 390. D. C. f. fr. 4. p. 810. Curt. bot. mag. t. 791. A tufted plant,
Flowers yellow. This plant differs from V. Pennsylvánica, in with pale-blue flowers.
the whole plant being villous, not pubescent, as well as in the Horned Violet or Pansy. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1776. Pl. ft.
stem being branched. Stigma with 2 lateral tufts of hairs.
121 V. CENI'SIA (All. ped. no. 1641.) trunk of root some-
Woolly-fruited Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. a ft. what fusiform, woody; stems diffuse, procumbent, undivided ;
115 Ý. PennsyLVA'NICA (Mich. A. bor. amer. 2. p. 149.) leaves spatulate-ovate, entire ; stipulas obovate, stalked, un-
pubescent; stem simple, erect; leaves cordate, acuminated, divided ; calyxes pubescent; spur tubular, awl-shaped, acute,
serrated; stipulas oblong-ovate, serrated at the apex or entire ; thrice as long as the hind lobes of the calyx. 4. H. Native
spur short; ovary densely villous. 4. H. Native of North on rocks in the Alps of Switzerland, Piedmont, and Provence.
America, abundant about Philadelphia. Flowers yellow. Stigma Flowers blue.
.
ornamented with 2 lateral tufts of hairs.
Var. a, ovatif òlia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 301.) leaves all oval,
Pennsylvanian Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1772. Pl. 1 ft. hardly pubescent. V. Cenísia, All. fl. ped. t. 22. f. 6. D. C.
116 V. UNIFLORA (Lin. spec. 1327.) radical leaves reniform, fl. fr. 4. p. 805.
stem ones ovate, acuminated, deeply-toothed, pubescent; stipulas Var. B, diversifolia (D. C. prod. l. c.) lower leaves ovate,
lanceolate-awl-shaped, furnished with glandular teeth ; sepals upper ones oblong, tomentosely-pubescent. 4. H. Native of
ovate : spur broad, short, saccate. 2. H. Native of Siberia the Pyrenees. V. Cenísia, Lapeyr. abr. Like V. Cheiranthi-
in boggy places. Gmel. Al. sib. 4. p. 101. t. 48. f. 5. Flowers fòlia.
yellow. Leaves large, two on the top of each stem.
Mount-Cenis Violet or Pansy. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759.
,
One-flowered Violet. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Pl. į foot.
I Pl. 4 foot.
117 V. MACRO'Ceras (Ledeb. icon. pl. fl. ross. alt. ill. t. 219.) 122 V. Valde'ria (All. ped. 2. p. 98. t. 24. f. 3.) trunk of
stemless, smooth; leaves cordate, crenate-serrated, acute; pe- root fusiform ; stems diffuse, procumbent, undivided; leaves
duncles almost equal in length to the leaves; sepals bluntish, all oblong and rather hispid and sinuated ; stipulas palmate ;
smooth, shorter than the thick, cylindrical spur; two lateral spur tubular, slender, longer than the calyx. 4. H. Native of
petals bearded; stigma bearded. 4. H. Native of Siberia in Piedmont. Flowers purple. Perhaps only a variety of the last.
humid places on the banks of rivulets near Buchtorninsk. Root Valderian Violet or Pansy. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1759. Pl. 1 ft.
thick, articulated. Flowers violet, sweet-scented. Like V. 123 V. MINU'TA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 173.) stems simple, one-
Kamtschática of Ging. We have placed this plant in this sec- flowered, flaccid ; leaves roundish, crenated; stipulas ovate,
tion on account of its having a bearded stigma.
entire, ciliated ; spur scarcely the length of sepals. 4. H.
Long-horned Violet. Fl. April, May. Pl. 1 foot.
Native of Iberia. Perhaps a variety of V. alpina. Flowers
blue, about the size of those of V. odorata.
Minute-flowered Violet, or Pansy. Pl. 1 inch.
Sect. IV. MELA'NIUM (a name given to V. tricolor by some 124 V. GRAʼcilis (Smith, A. græc. t. 222.) root creeping, stem
old botanists; it is derived from pedas pelavos, melas melanos, branched, angular, diffuse; leaves lanceolate, somewhat crenate,
black ; because of the dark colour of the flowers of some of the the upper ones crowded, opposite, either smooth or downy; stipu-
varieties of that plant.) D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 301.-Jàcea, las deeply 3-cleft; spur slender, much longer than the auricles of
D. C. A. fr. Violæ tricolòres of old authors. Stigma urceolate, the calyx, which are toothed. 24. H. Native on mount Etna.
ornamented on both sides below, with a fascicle of hairs, and V. calcaràta, var. ε. Æthnénsis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 302.-Cup.
furnished with a large aperture with a lip at the bottom. pamph. ed. bonon. t. 138. Bracteas toothed at the base in a
Style tapering from the top to the bottom. Stamens triangular, hastate manner. Flowers about the size of V. lùtea, of a dull
connected. Torus concave, and therefore the ovary appears half purplish blue, occasionally yellow.
inferior. Capsules obsoletely 6-sided. Seeds very numerous,
.
Šlender Violet, or Pansy. Fl. June, July. Pl. foot.
40-60. Seminal leaves usually ovate. The 3 lower petals have 125 V. CHEIRANTHIFO'LIA (H. B. pl. æqu. 1. p. 111. t. 32.)
bearded claws. Stipulas all toothed or bristly-serrated.
velvety; root thick, woody; stems ascending ; leaves lanceo-
118 V. NUMMULARIFÒLIA (All. ped. no. 1640. t. 9. f. 4.) late, quite entire, tapering into the footstalk; stipulas linear ;
very smooth; stems branched, decumbent; leaves roundish, spur tubular, rather acute, scarcely the length of the sepals.
entire; stipulas lanceolate, 3-cleft or bristly-toothed; sepals 4. G.
4. G. Native of the Canary Islands, at the top of the moun-
oblong ; spur shortish. 4. H. Native on rocks in the Alps tain called Pico-Teyde. Flowers violaceous.
1

VIOLARIEÆ. IV. VIOLA.
331
4. H.
3
Cheiranthus-leaved Violet, or Pansy. Pl. , foot.
1 1
Var. f, purpùrea, (D. C. prod. 1. p. 302.) Flowers large,
126 V. CALCARA'TA (Lin. spec. 1325.) root fibrous, diffuse; purple. V. Altaìca purpùrea. Fisch in litt.
stems short, simple, tufted ; leaves spatulate-roundish, or elon- Altaian Yellow Violet, or Pansy. Fl. March, June. Clt.
gated, crenate ; stipulas palmatifid, or trifid ; sepals oblong,
oblong, 1805. Pl. I foot.
glandularly-denticulated; spur awl-shaped, longer than the calyx; 152 V. GRANDIFLÓRA (Lin. mant. 120.) stems angular, un-
nectary scarcely twice the length of stamens; seeds ovate. 4.H. branched, tufted ; leaves ovate-oblong, crenate; stipulas pinnati-
Native in pastures on the higher mountains from Austria to fid, somewhat lyrate; bracteas minute, with a tooth on each side
Provence, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 810.
810. A very variable species. at the base ; spur twice the length of the hind lobes of the calyx ;
Var. ß, Hallèri (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stem short; stipulas cut, sepals much toothed, and dilated at the base; spur cylindrical,
hardly ciliated; flowers large blue.—Hall. hist. no. 566, var. a. slightly curved. 4. H. Native of Siberia ? The whole plant
p. 243. t. 17.
21. H. Native with the last.
is like V. lùtea, but every part is twice the size, and the stipulas
Var. y, albiflora (D. C. prod. l. c.) stem short; stipulas cut, are very distinct, being pinnatifid in their lower half only, not
scarcely ciliated ; flowers large, white. 2. H. Native of the palmate. Flowers large, yellow, with the two lateral sepals
Alps of Savoy.-Hall. hist. no. 566. var. B, III.
bearded at the base, and marked like the lip with a few black
Var. d, Bertolònii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 302.) stems elongated ; lines. This is probably the V. chrysántha of Fisch. in litt.
lower leaves ovate, upper ones elongated, and are, as well as Great-flowered Violet, or Pansy. Fl. April, July. Clt.
palmatifid stipulas, smoothish. 4. H. Native in the Apen- Pl. foot.
.
nines, about Genoa, on the top of mount Scaggia. V. Berto- 133 V. SUDEʼTICA (Willd. enum. suppl. 12.) root fibrous, dif-
lònii, Pio. diss. 34. t. 3. f. 2.—Cup. pamph. ed. bonon. t. 99.
.
fuse; stems almost simple ; leaves ovate-oblong; stipulas pal-
Flowers large, purple.
matifid, with entire lobes; sepals lanceolate; petals wedge
Var. $? decipiens (D. C. prod. 1. c.) stems elongated; leaves shaped, crenated, with long distinct claws; spur awl-shaped,
and stipulas hispid ; sepals lanceolate, rather hispid. Flowers acutish, stretched out, longer than the ears of the sepals;
blue? 2. H. Native in the Eastern Pyrenees. V. híspida,
seeds ovate.
Native in meadows on the Alps and
Lapey. abr. 123.
mountains of Europe, particularly Germany. V. grandiflora,
Spurred Violet, or Pansy. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1752. Pl. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 620. and almost of all other authors. V. saxá-
to ] foot.
tilis, Schmidt, f. boh. p. 233. Flowers large, yellow.
127 V. VILLARSIA'NA (Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 388.) pu-
(.
Var. B, calaminària (D. C. prod. 1. p. 303.) stems ascending ;
bescent ; stem short ; leaves radical, primordial ones ovate- leaves rather remote, ovate; flowers yellow. 4. H. Native
rounded, the rest of the lower ones lanceolate, upper ones oblong in dry pastures, and among reeds near water. V. lùtea, D. C.
and linear-lanceolate ; stipulas pinnatifid ; lower petal oblique, f. fr. 5. p. 619. exclusive of the synonymes.
truncate. 4. H. V. calcaràta, Vill. dauph. 2. p. 666. Flowers Var. y? mèdia (D. C. prod. l. c.) stems elongated, erectish;
blue. Spur awl-shaped, longer than the sepals.
leaves remote; flowers purple. 4. H. Native on the moun-
Villars's Violet. Fl. May, July. Pl. 4 foot.
tains of Jura and Auvergne.
128 V. Zo'ysu (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 4. p. 295. t. 11. f. 1.) Var. d, ramòsior (D. Č. prod. 1. c.) stems branched ; leaves
root fibrous; stem quite simple, hardly so long as the footstalks ; rather remote, ciliated; flowers 3-coloured. 4. H. Native
leaves ovate, crenate, smooth ; stipulas elliptical-lanceolate, about Verviers, (Lejeune.) V. Rothomagensis, var. D. C. fi.
-
, .
undivided, nearly entire; spur thrice as long as the auricles fr. 5. p. 619. Perhaps a variety of V. trícolor, or perhaps a
of the calyx. 4. H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia and known species.
Carniola. This plant is easily distinguished from V. calcaràta, German Violet, or Pansy. Fl. May, August. Clt. 1805.
by the stipulas never being lobed, although in some instances Pl. to foot.
I
there will be found a slight lateral notch. The plant, moreover,
134 V. LUTEA (Huds. ed. 1. p. 331.) root fibrous, slender ;
is smaller, perfectly smooth, and green, never glaucous, and the stems triangular, simple; leaves ovate-oblong, crenate, fringed;
spur rather thicker. Petals large, yellow, with black lines at stipulas palmatifid ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; petals wedge-
the bottom, sometimes partly tinged with blue.
shaped, with long distinct claws; spur the length of calyx.
Baron de Zoys's Pansy. Fl. March, July. Clt. Pl. 1 foot.
. 4. H. Native in moist mountainous pastures in Wales, north
129 V. ORE'ADES (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. 167.) stem short; leaves of England, and in Scotland. Smith, eng. bot. 721. V. gran-
oblong; stipulas pinnatifid ; segments obtuse; sepals acute, den- difòra, Huds. ed. 2. p. 380. Flowers yellow, larger than those
ticulated; spur tubular, obtuse, length of the calyx ; 2 lateral of V. trícolor, with blackish, branched, radiating lines; the
petals bearded. 4. H. Native of Tauria, on the tops of moun- lateral petals are palest, the two upper ones sometimes purple.
tains. Perhaps merely a variety of V. amoena ? Flowers pur- When all are purple, as sometimes happens, Hooker says this is
ple or yellow.
the V. amoe'na of authors. All the petals are bearded at the
Oreades Violet, or Pansy. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. ft. base.
130 V. AMæ'NA (Sym. syn. ex Smith, bot. no. 1287. in a note) Yellow Violet, or Pansy. Fl. May, September. Britain. Pl.
stem short ; leaves round; stipulas pinnatifid ; lobes obtuse; 1 foot.
sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, entire; spur tubular, obtuse, 135 V. PROSTRA'TA (Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 582.) root
length of the calyx. 4. H. Native on mountains in Scot- simplish, stems decumbent ; lower leaves roundish, upper ones
land. Flowers very large, purple ; petals roundish.
oval, all of which are rather cordate, and grossly crenate, rather
Pleasing Violet, or Pansy. Fl. June, July. Scotland. Pl. hairy ; stipulas pinnatifid, with the middle lobe oblong, and
1 to į foot.
entire ; spur hardly stretched, obtuse. 2. H. Native on tops
131 V. Altar'ca (Ker. bot. reg. t. 54.) stem short ; leaves of mountains in the Island of Teneriffe, as well as in the Apen-
oval; stipulas cuneiform, with acute teeth ; sepals acute, nines. V. Ludovícea, Jan. in litt. Petals cream-coloured,
denticulated ; spur very short, scarcely so long as the appen-
streaked with black.
dages of the sepals. 24. H. Native on the Altaian mountains. Prostrate Violet, or Pansy. Fl. June, September. Clt. 1824.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1776. V. grandiflora, Sievers. V. Pallásii Pl. 4 foot.
and V. chrysántha, Fisch. cat. hort. gorenk. Root creeping, 136 V. ROTHOMAGE NSIS (Desf. cat. 153.) hispid, or pilose ;
slender, hard. Flowers large, yellow. Stigma urceolate. root rather fusiform ; stems zigzag, branched, diffuse ; leaves
;
.
U U 2

332
VIOLARIEÆ. IV. VIOLA.
4. H.
ovate, but the lower ones are somewhat cordate, crenate, fringed; Var. n, purpùrea (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate; sepals shortish,
stipulas pinnatifid, rather lyrate; spur tubular, obtuse, shorter broad, drawn out much at the base; flowers purple, larger than
than the sepals; nectaries shorter than the stamens ; seeds ob- calyx. In Armoracea.
long-obovate.
Native on cretaceous rocks, and in Var. 1, ovatifolia (D. C. l. c.) stems diffuse, branched ; leaves
fields from Rouen to. Melda. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 809. Pio. diss. ovate ; flowers 3-coloured, scarcely longer than the lanceolate
t. 2. Sims, bot. mag. 1498. V. híspida, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 679. sepals.
.
V. pilòsa, Donn, cant. ed. 3. p. 40. Scarcely differing from V. Var. k, arvensis, (D. C. l. c.) stems branched, assurgent;
trícolor. Flowers bright blue, the side petals and lip striped petals yellowish, blue, or purple spotted. Frequent in sandy
with black. Bracteas near the flower, large, lanceolate, with a cultivated fields. V. arvensis, Sibth. 84.–Riv. pentap. Jorr. t.
tooth on each side.
122.-Math. valgr. 2. p. 525. f. Pet. h. brit. t. 37. f. 9. This
Rouen Violet, or Pansy. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1781. Pl. į ft. is most likely a distinct species.
137 V. DECLINA'TA (Walds. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 248. t. 223.) Var. 1, sabulosa (D. C. l. c.) stems many, diffuse ; leaves
root rather fusiform; stem branched, declinate; leaves lanceo- remote, ovate, elongated; sepals narrow-lanceolate, hardly shorter
late, oblong, smooth, crenate; stipulas pinnatifid, ciliated; spur than the corolla. In sand by the sea-side in Belgium and
thick, blunt ; sepals elongated. 4. H. Native of Hungary, France. Perhaps V. Bannática, Kit.
Transylvania, and Italy, among broken rocks. V. trícolor, 9, Var. je graciléscens (D. C. 1. c.) stems almost simple, elon-
declinata, Ging. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p.
303. Flowers pale gated, erect; sepals narrow, usually longer than the two-coloured
blue, larger than the calyx.
corolla. In fields near Bern.
Declinate Violet, or Pansy. Fl. May, August. Clt. 1817. Var. v, trimestris (D. C. 1. c.) stem erect, very slender ; sti-
Pl. { foot.
pulas very small; sepals linear. About Lisbon. V. trícolor
138 V. TRICOLOR (Lin. spec. 1326.) root somewhat fusi- triméstris flore variorum colorum elegans, Grisl. vir. Ius.
form; stems branched, diffuse ; lower leaves ovate-cordate, Var. &, hírta (Ging. mss. et D. C. 1. c.) velvety-hairy ; flow-
deeply crenate; stipulas runcinately-pinnatifid, with the middle ering earlier than April. Stipulas pinnatifid at the base. In
lobe crenated ; petals incumbent, with short claws; spur thick, Vallais. Perhaps V. Kitaibeliana, Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p.
obtuse, not stretched out; nectaries short ; seeds oblong-ovate. 383.
O. H. Native in cultivated fields and gardens throughout Eu-
Var. o, bellioìdes (D. C. l. c.) rather hispid; stems very
rope, Siberia, and North America ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, short ; leaves roundish, crowded; petals shorter than the calyx.
,
eng. bot. t. 1287. Woodv. suppl. t. 252. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. In sandy places about Montpelier, and in the Nebrodes of Sicily.
t. 65. Bracteas very small, scarcely evident. Petals very vari- V. párvula, Tineo. pug. sic. 5. no. 3.
able in colour and size. This is a very variable species, or more Three-coloured Violet, Heart's-ease, or Pansy, &c. Fl. April,
probably a heterogeneous mass of species collected.
October. Britain. Pl. Į to { foot.
Heart's-ease has ever been a favourite flower with the people, 139 V. TENE’LLA (Poir. in. Lam. dict. no. 53.) lower leaves
and has many provincial names, all bearing some allusion to love. roundish, minute, upper ones somewhat alternate, oblong, obtuse,
In days of superstition it was called Herb Trinity; probably all smooth and entire ; peduncles rather longer than the leaves .
from the three-coloured flowers. Heart's-ease is the general O. H. Native of Syria. V. trícolor, var. 7. nàna, D. C. prod.
name by which it is now known ; its more elegant name, Pan- 303. This plant is rather remarkable in having the lower
sies, is from the French pensée. The meaning is alluded to by leaves opposite. The cotyledons remain even to the time of
Shakspeare, in Hamlet, -" There's pansies, that's for thoughts." flowering.
Heart's-ease was represented by old writers on the Materia Tender violet. Fl. May, July. Pl. 2 inches.
Medica, as a powerful medicine in epilepsy, ulcers, scabies and 140 V. BICOLOR (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 174.) mostly
cutaneous complaints. Haase, who administered it in various smooth ; stem triquetrous, erect, simple, leafy ; leaves toothed,
and in large doses, extended its use to many chronic disorders; radical ones roundish, or spatulate, upper ones ovate, or lanceo-
and from the great number of cases in which it proved successful, late ; petioles short ; stipulas large, pinnatifid or palmate, mid-
it seems to deserve farther trial. Heart's-ease, when strongly dle lobe longer and broader, the rest linear-oblong, all obtuse,
bruised, exhales a smell resembling peach-kernels. Distilled and ciliated; peduncles tetragonal, much longer than the leaves;
with water, whether it be fresh or dried, it gives a little volatile sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated, emarginate behind;
oil, of a very acrid taste, having the above-mentioned smell. two lateral petals bearded; stigma rather pubescent, hardly
The corolla yields to water a highly colouring principle.
beaked. O. H. Native of North America, in fields in New
Var. a, hortensis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 303.) petals intensely Jersey, New York, and of Pennsylvania and Virginia. V. te-
velvety, much larger than the calyx. Fl. dan. 603.
nélla, Le Conte in ann. lyc. new york, 2. p. 152.
152. V. arvensis,
Var. B, degèner, (D. C. 1. c.) somewhat branched; flowers Elliot. Flowers white, tinged or veined with blue or purple,
3-coloured, rather velvety ; petals a little larger than the calyx ; yellow at the base. According to Pursh. there are specimens in
stipulas large. In cultivated fields.
Mr. Lambert's Herbarium, gathered by Pallas in Siberia, which
Var. y, alpestris (D. C. 1. c.) stem elongated ; leaves remote; correspond with the North American plant.
flowers sulphur-coloured, spotted with purple, larger than the Two-coloured Violet. Fl. May, July. Pl. į foot.
calyx. In meadows on the Alps. V. lùtea, Tratt. tab. 43. V.
lùtea and saxatilis, Schmidt, f. boh. no. 257 and 259 ?
Sect. V. LEPTIDIUM (from Lentos, leptos, slender; form of
Var. d, crassifolia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves large, thickish ; flowers style.) Ging. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 304. Stigma proboscis-
yellow, scarcely larger than the calyx. In Neustria, by the like, truncate, with a minute hole at the tip. Style awl-shaped,
sea-side.
flexuous. Stamens oblong, approximate, 2 of which are usually
Var. £, calycina (D. C. 1. c.) leaves large, ovate, rather furnished with longer terminal appendages than the others.
crowded: calyx large. In the mountains of Teneriffe.
Torus flattish. Capsule 3-lobed or triangular, few-seeded. The
Var. 5, appendiculata (D. C. 1. c.) leaves tapering to both petals of all are perhaps smooth.
ends ; calyx drawn out much at the base, larger than the corolla. 141 V. RUBE'LLA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 20. t. 531. f. 1.) stems
Between Bagdad and Kermancha. Perhaps the same as €, caly- erect; leaves ovate or oblong, acute, crenate-serrate, shorter
cina,
than the peduncle; stipulas lanceolate, setaceously-toothed;
t
1.
p.
-
a

VIOLARIEÆ. IV. VIOLA.
333
h. G.
.
p. 304.)
a
spur conical, short. Þ.G. Native in Chili about San Carlos. jagged ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals acute ; lower
Flowers reddish. Membranes of stamens obtuse.
petal obovate, mucronate; spur broad, very blunt, scarcely one
Var. a, latifolia (Ging. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 410.) half shorter than the lamina; two of the stamens with longer
leaves ovate-oblong; peduncles nearly equal in length to the obtuse reflexed membranes ; nectariferous appendages, ovate,
leaves. h. G.
h. G. In St. Carlos de Chili.
truncate, a little shorter than the anthers; seeds covered with
Var. B, angustifolia (Ging. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, ; peduncles glandular dots, brown. N.G. Native of Peru in cold woods be-
longer than the leaves
In Chili at Talcaguana.
tween Gonzana and Loxa at the height of 3180 feet. Flowers
Red-flowered Violet. Shrub 1 foot.
flesh-coloured, smooth.
142 V. CORCHORIFO‘LIA (Domb. herb. et D. C. prod. 1.
Sharp-serrated-leaved Violet. Shrub twining.
pubescent; stems erect; leaves ovate, acute, crenate-serrate, 149 W. STIPULA'RIS (Swartz, Al. ind. occid. 3. p.1956.) glabrous;
unequal at the base, with the serratures exserted and apiculated; stems reptant; leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering to both ends,
stipulas lanceolate, setaceously-jagged; spur very broad, sac- with blunt, pressed, serratures ; stipulas oblong, acuminated,
cate; capsules ovate, trigonal.h.G. Native in Peru about furnished with long ciliæ; spur very short; two of the stamens
Huanaco. V. punicea, Ruiz et Pav. in herb. Lamb. Flower with longer awl-shaped, recurved membranes. ħ. S. Native
vermilion. Leaves rather cordate at the base.
in the islands of Guadaloupe and St. Christopher. V. persica-
Corchorus-leaved Violet. Shrub 1-2 foot.
riæfòlia, Poir. dict. 8. p. 628.
8 . Flowers blue or white.
143 V. CHAMISSONIA'NA (Ging. mss. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. Stipular Violet. Shrub trailing.
p. 408.) stem shrubby, oblique ; leaves ovate, acuminated, ta- 150 V. GracI'LLIMA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 449. t. 22.
pering into the petiole at the base, serrated ; serratures remote, f. a.) caulescent, very smooth; stem filiform; leaves small,
appressed ; stipulas lanceolate, lacerately-toothed ; spur short, broadly-cordate, obsoletely and remotely toothed ; stipulas lan-
;
broadly saccate ; membranes of stamens all obtuse. h. G. ceolate-awl-shaped, hardly toothed ; peduncles longer than the
;
Native of the island of O Wahu. Plant smooth. The leaves re- leaves; sepals acuminated; petals beardless. 4. S. Native
semble those of Prunus doméstica. Flowers violet, sweet- of Brazil in moist pastures. Flowers violaceous; spur short,
scented. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate.
saccate. Anthers ending in a membrane at the apex, anterior two
Chamisso's Violet. Shrub foot.
appendiculate on the back, and with terminal hooked
processes,
144 V. CAPILLA'Ris (Pers. ench. 1. p. 256.) shrubby, climb- the rest with erect terminal processes. Style awl-shaped.
ing, smoothish ; branches angular ; leaves ovate, unequal at Very-slender Violet. Fl. Nov. Pl. I to foot.
the base, somewhat cordate, sharply serrated, with the ser- 151 V. SUBDIMIDIA'TA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 450.)
ratures exserted; stipulas oblong, acute, trifidly awned at the top, caulescent, very smooth ; leaves ovate-cordate, acute, unequal-
peduncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals acute ; lower petal sided, toothed ; stipulas oblong-lanceolate, ciliately jagged; pe-
obovate, roundish, ap:culate ; spur very short, saccate; ter- duncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals ovate-oblong ; petals
minal membranes of 2 lower stamens elongated, awl-shaped ; beardless, acuminated ; style awl-shaped, curved. 4. S. Na-
nectariferous appendages broad, rounded at the base, trun- tive of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, near the town
cate at the top, shorter than the cells; seeds with fuscous dots. called Villa Rica, at the height of about 3700 feet above the
5 S. Ñative of New Granada. V. stipularis, H. B. et level of the sea. Flowers pale violet. Spur short, saccate.
Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 372. but not of Swartz. Flowers Anthers almost as in V. gracillima.
pale blue.
Subdimidiate Violet. Fl. Jan. Pl. į to 1 foot.
Capillary-jagged-stipuled Violet. Sh. climbing.
152 V. confe’RTA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 453.) caules-
145 V. SETO'SA (Smith, in Rees' cycl.) shrubby, branched, cent, very smooth ; leaves crowded, ovate-lanceolate, acute,
smoothish ; branches flexuous ; leaves ovate, acute, serrated, 4. finely-toothed ; stipulas broadly linear, very blunt, ciliately-
times longer than the petiole ; stipulas lanceolate, with capillary jagged; peduncles equal in length to the leaves ; sepals lan-
serratures ; peduncles equal or double the length of the leaves; ceolate, linear, acute; style awl-shaped, in form referable to the
sepals lanceolate, acute; spur short, saccate. V. stipularis, Cav. letter S. 4. S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the
icon. 6. p.
.
20. t. 531. h. G. Native of Chili at Talcaguana. province of St. Paul in humid pastures and shady woods near
Flowers pale blue.
the town of Castro.
Root creeping. Flowers white.
Bristly-stipuled Violet. Shrub 1 foot.
Crowded-leaved Violet. Fl. Feb. Pl. 1 to foot.
146 V. TRACHELIIFOʻLIA (Ging. ex Spreng. syst. append. p.
159 CERASIFO'LIA (St. Hil. mem. mus. 11. p. 451.) caules-
97.) shrubby, smooth ; leaves on short footstalks, ovate-cordate, cent, very smooth ; leaves approximate, lanceolate, acute, toothed;
acuminated, sharply-toothed; stipulas lanceolate, quite entire. stipulas oblong-lanceolate, acute, auricled at the base, ciliary-
h. G. Native of Sandwich Islands, particularly in O Wahu. jagged; peduncles usually shorter than the leaves ; sepals acu-
Flowers small.
minated ; style awl-shaped, incurved. 2. S. Native of Brazil
Throat-wort-leaved Violet. Fl. Shrub 1 foot.
in very shady places of woods on the mountains called Serra-
147 V. SCA'NDENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5. p. da Caraca not far from the town called Cahetè in the province
371. t. 493.) shrubby, climbing, glabrous; branches rather an- of Minas Geraes. Root creeping, slender, usually emitting
gular, striated ; leaves cordate-ovate, crenated, glabrous ; sti- runners from the base. Flowers violaceous.
pulas oblong, dentately-ciliated; peduncles length of leaves ; Var. B, intermèdia (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 453.) leaves somewhat
sepals acuminated ; lower petal obovate-oblong ; spur saccate, ovate-lanceolate, rather distant, somewhat unequal-sided. 2. S.
short; 2 lower stamens with terminal, elongated membranes ; Flowers violaceous.
nectariferous appendages, oblong, obtuse, shorter than the cells; Cherry-leaved Violet. Fl. Jan. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
stigma bluntish. n. S. Native of Peru near Loxa, at the
h
154 V. DOMBEYA'NA (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 305.) gla-
height of 3180 feet. Petals violaceous, smooth.
brous ; stems reptant; leaves oval, cuneately narrowed at the
Climbing Violet. Shrub climbing.
base, serrated, with the serratures exserted and remote; stipulas
148 V. ARGU'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5. p. 373.) lanceolate-linear, setaceously-toothed; spur very short.
shrubby, twining ; branches terete, hairy ; leaves profoundly Native of South America. 'V.repens, Domb. herb. Perhaps a
cordate, sharply serrated, upper surface puberulous, under sur- variety of V. stipulàris, Swartz. ? Flowers blue.
face hoary; footstalks villous; stipulas lanceolate, setaceously- Dombey's Violet. Shrub creeping.
h.
h. S.

334
VIOLARIEÆ. IV. VIOLA. V. ErpetION.
4. G.
155 V. PILOSA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 645.) 167 V. PRUNELLÆFOʻLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
stigma proboscis-like; style clavate; stamens oblong, connected; 5. p. 370.) very smooth; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, rounded
capsules ovate-globose; 4 superior petals hairy at the base ; at the base, obsoletely cordate, crenate; stipulas ciliated; calyxes
leaves cordate, tapering into the petiole a little at the base, cre- acute ; petals retuse, smooth ; spur somewhat saccate, short,
nulate, pilose; stipulas oblong, setaceously-toothed, ciliated, rounded; style clavate above, thickened; stigma lateral, truncate.
erect. Stem stoloniferous. 4. S. Native of Java.
4. G. Native of South America about Santa Fe de Bogota,
Pilose Violet. Pl. creeping.
.
at the height of 4110 feet. Flowers violaceous. Perhaps allied
156 V. TRIFIDA (Spreng. pug. 1. p. 22.) stem decumbent ; to V. hírta. Style club-shaped ; stigma truncate.
leaves somewhat trifid, tapering to the base, with the segments Prunella-leaved Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
lanceolate, very entire ; calyxes hardly appendiculated behind; 168 V. UMBRACTI'COLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5.
spur much larger than the calyx. 4. F.? Native of? Flowers
4. F.? Native of? Flowers p. 370.) caulescent, procumbent ; leaves ovate, bluntish;
white.
running into the footstalk at the base, denticulated, upper sur-
Trifid-leaved Violet. Plant decumbent.
face glabrous, under surface as well as footstalks and peduncles
beset with a few hairs; stipulas dentately-ciliated ; calyxes linear,
† Species not sufficiently known.
acute; lower petal rounded, with a saccate, short spur, rounded
157 V. GIBBO'SA (Rafin. dec. pl. nov. amer. sept. in litt. 1819.) at the base, with the rest of the petals obovately-spatulate;
caulescent, glabrous; leaves on long footstalks, cordate-deltoid, dorsal appendages of stamens oblong, obtuse, compressed, one-
crenated, obtuse, under surface pale ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, half shorter than the cells; ovary ovate, smooth ; ovulæ 22,
obtuse, entire ; petals glabrous ; spur gibbous, very short. 4. H. disposed in 2 rows.
disposed in 2 rows. Style cultriform ? stigma obtuse.
Native on the Alleghany Mountains in North America. Flowers Native of Mexico in woods near Real del Monte, at the height
yellow.
of 4278 feet. Flowers violaceous. Petals smooth, about the
Gibbous-spurred Violet. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. ? Pl. į foot. size of those of Viola palústris.
158 V. SERPYLLIFÒLIA (H. B. ex Willd. herb. in Roem. et Shaded-hill Violet. Pl. procumbent.
Schult. syst. 5. p. 391.) stems procumbent ; leaves linear-spatu-
.
5
169 V. CHAMÆDRIFOLIA (Ruiz, et Pav. in herb. Lamb. and
late, quite entire. 2. S. Native of South America. Unknown D. C. prod. 1. p. 306.) stems ? leaves ovate, toothed ; 2 lateral
to Kunth.
petals bearded.
Native in Peru. Perhaps V. teucriifolia.
Wild-Thyme-leaved Violet. Pl. procumbent.
Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391.? or perhaps a variety of V.
159 V. TEUCRIIPÒLIA (H. et B. ex Willd. herb. in Rom. rubélla, Cav.
et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391.) leaves alternate, ovate, serrated ; Germander-leaved Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
stem shrubby, procumbent; peduncles longer than the leaves. 170 V. KamtscHA'TICA (Ging. in Schlecht. Linneæ. 1. p.
.
p
h.s. Native of South America. Unknown to Kunth.
406.) stigma triangular, marginated ; leaves cordate ; stipulas
Teucrium-leaved Violet. Shrub procumbent.
lanceolate ; sepals ovate, acuminated ; spur cylindrical, rounded
160 V. SCA'BRA (Brown, in flora 1820. p. 469.) almost stem- at the top, longer than the sepals. 4. H. Native of Kamts-
less ; leaves cordate, acuminated, scabrous; sepals acute; root chatka. Petals purple. Very like V. hírta.
creeping. 2? H.
4? H. Native about Salzburgh.
Kamtschatka Violet. Pl. ] foot.
Scabrous Violet. Pl. foot.
Cult. Almost every species of Violet deserves to be cultivated
161 V. crassiu'scula (Bory, ann. gen. 1820. vol. 3. p. 16.) in gardens, the greater part for the beauty of their flowers, and
stems decumbent, without bracteas ? leaves alternate, stalked, others for their scent, such as the varieties of Viola odoràta.
ovate, oblong, quite entire, thickish ; flowers naked, on long The hardy perennial species are well adapted for ornamenting
peduncles. Native on Sierra Nevada in Spain.
rock-work or the front of flower-borders, but the smaller species
Thickish-leaved Violet. Pl. decumbent.
should be
grown in small pots in a mixture of loam, peat, and
162 V. SELKI'RKII (Pursh. mss. ex Goldie. edinb. phil. journ. plenty of sand. The American species do best in vegetable
1822. p. 319.) leaves cordate, crenate-serrated, rather pilose; mould or peat; those species which are natives of woods are
petals beardless ; spur long, thick, very blunt. 2. H. Native well adapted for growing under trees, and those natives of bogs
on mountains near Montreal in North America. Flowers blue. or marshes should be planted in moist situations. They are all
Selkirk's Violet. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. Pl. | foot.
4
readily increased by seeds or parting the plants at the root. The
163 V. SPATULA'TA (Willd. reliq. ex Roem. et Schult. syst. 5.
5 annual species may be sown in the open borders or on rock-work. .
p. 353.) leaves lanceolate-spatulate, fascicled, almost entire, The greenhouse and stove species should be grown in a mixture
pubescent. 2. H. Native of the province of Guilan on the of loam and peat, the herbaceous kinds of them should be in-
Caspian sea.
creased by dividing at the root or by seeds, and the shrubby
Spatulate-leaved Violet. Pl. 1 foot.
kinds should be propagated by cuttings, which will root freely
164 V. ALLEGHANE'NSIS (Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 560.) if planted under a hand-glass, those of the stove species in heat.
hairy; leaves ovate and oblong-cordate rather entire; footstalks The species marked frame should be always preserved in pots,
broad, membranaceous; 2 lateral petals bearded ; spur very that they may be protected during winter by a frame. "The
short, saccate. 24. H. Native of North America on the Alle- Neapolitan violet, a variety of V. odoràta forces well, and where
ghany Mountains. Perhaps a variety of V.ováta? Flowers blue. there is a stove or warm pit may be had in flower throughout
Alleghany Violet. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 foot. the winter and early part of spring.
165 V. LABRADO'RICA (Schrank. denk. I. bot. Gesell. regensb.
II. p. 12.) stem erect, branched ; leaves orbicularly-cordate,
.
V. ERPEʼTION (from £pantoç, erpetos, creeping, and lov,
acuminated ; stipulas lanceolate. 24. H. Native of Labrador. ion, the Greek for violet, in allusion to the creeping rooting stems).
Labrador Violet. Plant į foot.
D. C. in herb. Lamb. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 170.
166 V. ELONGA'TA (Poir. dict. 8. p. 644.) glabrous; leaves Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Character in almost
elliptical, quite entire, stalked; flowers solitary on long pe- every respect the same as Viola, but the lower petal is not
duncles; stem weak; capsules very smooth; seeds rufous, glo- drawn out into a spur at the base, and the anthers are des-
bose. 2? H. Native of North America.
titute of dorsal appendages. The sepals are scarcely produced
Elongated-peduncled Violet. Pl. foot.
1 .
at the base. Filaments united at the apex; lobes of anthers
a

VIOLARIEÆ. V. ERPETION. VI. Solea. VII. POMBALIA.
335
distinct, diverging at the base. Stigma inconspicuous. Small Cult. This curious plant may
be grown in the
in the open border
tufted plants, with running rooting stems, and roundish or kid- or on rock-work. A limestone or chalky soil will suit it best.
ney-shaped leaves, 1-flowered peduncles, and beautiful blue It may be either propagated by dividing the plant at the root,
flowers mixed with white. The roots of all are perpendicular. or by seeds. It will require protection in severe weather.
1 E. RENIFO'RME (Sweet, fl. gard. 170.) stem creeping, root-
ing ; leaves crowded, kidney-shaped, repandly-toothed, punctate ;
stipulas linear-awl-shaped, acuminated; sepals lanceolate, hardly VII. POMBA'LIA (in honour of Sebastian Joseph de Car-
drawn out into auricles; petals reflexed; the two lateral ones valho Marquis de Pombal, a famous Portuguese statesman).
are furnished with a beard on the upper side. 4. F. Native Vand, fasc. 7. t. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 306.
of New Holland about Port Jackson. Erpétion cymbalària, D. Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals large, run-
c. in herb. Lamb. Vìola reniformis, R. Br. ined. Vìola hede- ning into the pedicel at the base, with the margins echinated
racea, Hook. exot. bot. 225. Flowers blue mixed with white. with callose prickles. Petals unequal, 4 upper ones short,
Kidney-shaped-leaved Erpetion. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1823. scarcely exceeding the calyx in length, the lower one 2 or 3
Pl. creeping
times longer than the rest, somewhat gibbous at the base, stipi-
2 E. HEDERA CEUM (Lab. spec. nov. holl. 1. p. 66. t. 91. under tately-unguiculate, with a broad limb with an involute margin.
Viola). stem short, stoloniferous ; leaves crowded into fascicles, Filaments unguiculated at the base, with linear claws equal-
roundish, somewhat cuneated at the base, crenated, punctate; ling the ovary, oblong, dilated at the top, bearing the anthers
stipulas awl-shaped, ending in a bristly acumen ; sepals hardly very high up, 2 of the filaments bearing each a nectarial gland on
drawn out at the base into auricles. 2. F. Native of Van the back at the base. Lobes of anthers blunt at the top. Style
Diemen's Land. Flowers blue and whitish. This is a much straight; stigma funnel-shaped. Capsule as in Viola, usually
smaller plant than the last. The two lateral petals are arched, villous. Cotyledons generally orbicular, length of the terete
with a tuft of hairs on the upper side. Root perpendicular, radicle. Annual herbs, generally very villous. Root thickish,
simple. Peduncles about twice the length of the leaves.
hard. Leaves alternate. Peduncles axillary, solitary, not
Ivy-like Erpetion. Pl. creeping.
jointed, bibracteolate. Flowers large, drooping.
3 E. PETIOLA'RE; stems stoloniferous; leaves crowded in fas- 1 P. I'TUBU (Ging. mss. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 307.) 0.8.S.
cicles, kidney-shaped-truncate at the apex, repandly-toothed; sti- Vìola I'tubu, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 808. t. 318. bad. Ionídium I'tubu,
pulas lanceolate, ending in bristle-like acumen ; sépals hardly H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. t. 496. I. Ipecacuánha et
drawn out at the base into auricles; peduncles and petioles very calceolària, Vent. Itoubou is the name of the plant in Guiana.
long, even from 6 to 9 inches. 4. H. Native of New Holland Var. a; stems very hairy ; flowers white; seeds whitish;
and Van Diemen's Land. Vìola gracilis, R. Br. ined. V. he- capsules villous. Native of Guiana and Brazil. Sims, bot.
mag.
derácea y, petiolaris, D. C. prod. 1. p. 305. Petals smooth. 2453. V. Ipecacuánha et calceolària, Lin.
Slender Erpetion. Pl. creeping.
Var. ß ; stems very hairy ; flowers blue. Native in Cayenne.
4 E. SPATHULA'TUM ; stoloniferous ; leaves on long footstalks, Vìola I'tubu, var. flòre cæruleo, Aublet. 1. c.
obovate-roundish, toothed, smooth ; peduncle slender ; flower Var. y; stems smoothish; flowers white; ovary villous ;
nodding; spur very short. 4. H. Native of New Holland.
;
seeds black. Native in Brazil. Pombàlia Ipecacuánha, Vand.
Vìola spatulàta, Sieb. V. Sieberiàna, Spreng. syst. app. p. 96.
fasc. 7. t. 1. bad. Calceòlar. Lofl. itin. p. 184. no. 2.? Perhaps
Perhaps a species of Viola.
V. Ipecacuánha of Lin. mant. 484.
Spatulate-leaved Erpetion. Pl. creeping.
Var. 8; indécora (St. Hil. mem. mus. 11. p. 481.) corolla
Cult. These are elegant little plants, and deserve to be culti- shorter than the calyx, smooth ; filaments 3, sterile. Native of
vated in every garden. They will suit well for rock-work, or Brazil. Ionídium indécorum, St. Hil.
to be grown in pots and placed among other alpine plants ; The roots of these plants are emetic, and probably the white
they are all easily increased by separating the runners. All the ipecacuan of the shops ; beside these the name of ipecacuan is
species require protection in severe weather.
given to various species of Cynánchum, Asclepias, Euphorbia, Dor-
stènia, Psychótria emética, but the best is the root of the Callicocca
VI. SO`LEA (in honour of William Sole, an acute English Ipecacuánha, which is called in the shops the Brown Ipecacuan.
botanist, author of Menthæ Brittanicæ, 1 vol. fol. Bath, 1798.) With regard to their comparative strengths, De Candolle says
Ging. mss. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 306.—Sòlea, spec. Spreng. pug. that vomiting is produced by 22 grains of Cynanchium Ipeca-
rar. 1. p. 22.
cuánha, 24 of Psychótria emética, 60 or 72 of Ionídium calceo-
LIN. SYST. Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals hardly equal, làrium, and 1 to 3 drachms of Pombàlia I'tubu. The root of this
keeled ? not drawn out behind into auricles as in Viola, but plant fills the place of the true Ipecacuan of the shops. M.
running into the pedicel at the base (Nutt.), reflexed after flower- Fernambouc regards it as the best remedy that can be employed
ing. Petals rather unequal ; lower one a little larger than the in dysentery. Some of the inhabitants of Rio Grande-do-
rest and a little gibbous at the base, the rest almost equal, con- Norte assured M. Aug. St. Hilaire that they can radically cure
volute in æstivation ? Stamens approximate, 2 anterior ones bear- the gout with a decoction of the roots. The roots are white
ing each on the outside at the base a nectarial gland ? filaments within and greyish or reddish without; they are sold by the
rather unguiculate at the base, with the claws scarcely equalling inhabitants of Brazil for the true Ipecacuan, Callicócca ipeca-
the ovary in height, bearing the anthers a little higher up. Stigma cuánha. The Brazilian name of the plant is Poaya da praia or
hooked. Herb pilose. Stems twiggy.
Leaves alternate. Poaya branca. Poaya appears to be a name used by the Brazi-
Peduncles 1-flowered, short, axillary in pairs, but often solitary
lians for all emetic roots.
from abortion, each furnished with 2 little bracteas.
Itoubou or White Ipecacuanha. Fl. July. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 ft.
1 S. co'nCOLOR (Ging. mss. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 306.) 4. Cult. Although these plants form small shrubs in their native
H. Native of Pennsylvania on limestone rocks. Vìola concolor, country, they cannot be considered any more than stove annuals
Forster in Lin. trans. 6. p. 309. t. 28. Perhaps the same as in this country, therefore the only mode of preserving them is
Sòlea strícta of Spreng. l. c. ?
Flowers small, green.
by seeds, which should be sown in a hot-bed in the spring, where
Self-coloured-flowered Solea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1788. they should remain, or they may be removed into the stove in
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
May. A mixture of peat and sand suits them best.
a
a

336
VIOLARIEÆ. VIII. PIGEA. IX. IONIDIUM.
p. 307.
3
4
h. G.
a,
VIII. PI'GEA (meaning unknown). D.C. mss. and prod. 1. lanceolate-oblong, acuminate, serrated, upper surface glabrous,
under surface hoary; stipulas broad, ovate, acute; sepals ovate-
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals unequal, run- acute, silky-pubescent; lip lanceolate, 4 or 5 times longer than
ning into the pedicel at the base. Petals unequal, lower one the calyx, the rest of the petals ovate, acute. h.S. Native in
h
4 or 5 times larger than the rest, gibbous at the base, and woods near Turbaco in New Granada. Vìola prunifòlia. Willd.
unguiculate, with a dilated obovate flat limb, which is convolute rel. in Rém. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391. Flowers white, rising
in æstivation, the rest a little longer than the calyx. Filaments before the leaves. Anthers linear-oblong ; 2 of which are fur-
dilated from the base, bearing the anthers low down; lobes of nished with hooked, descending appendages, which are villous at
anthers usually drawn out into a bristle at the apex. Cap- the apex, and these are drawn in within the jointed concave spur.
sules generally trigonal, 3-valved; seeds usually angular. Herbs Anomalous Ionidium. Tree 20 feet.
or subshrubs. Leaves generally alternate. Flowers erectish. 2 I. RACEMO'SUM (Nees et Mart. act. bon. 12. p. 49.)
Peduncles bibracteolate, not jointed, solitary, often racemosely- herbaceous; stem erect ; leaves lanceolate, serrated; racemes
crowded at the top of the branches.
axillary, furcately divided, leafy at the base and naked at the
1 P. FILIFO'RMIS (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 307.) stem top: flowers very minute. 2. S. Native of Brazil. Stem
erect, undivided ; leaves alternate, linear, quite entire ; lower smooth at the base. Leaves rather pubescent. Flowers white.
petal obovate, entire; sepals lanceolate, acute. 4. O. G. Sepals ciliated.
Native in New Holland about Port Jackson. Flowers small, blue? Racemose Ionidium. Pl. 1 foot.
Filiform Pigea. Pl. foot.
3 I. PARIETARIÆFO‘LIUM (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 308.) stem
1
2 P.? Banksia'NA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 307.) branched, pubescent; leaves alternate, elliptical, or ovate-lan-
stem erect, puberulous ; leaves alternate, oblong-linear, quite ceolate, acuminated, toothed, somewhat pubescent, two-coloured;
entire, with revolute margins, upper surface roughish, as well as stipulas awl-shaped, ciliated; sepals acuminated, ciliated ; limb
the awl-shaped stipulas ; lower petal much longer than the calyx; of lower petal somewhat rhomboid. O?S. Native of South
seeds elliptical, white, striated ? Native of New South America. Flowers white or blue.
Wales. Viola angustifolia, Herb. Banks. Flowers small, Var. Houstòni (D. C. prod. 1. p. 308.) leaves sharply ser-
.
blue? Perhaps the same as the preceding.
rated; stem hairy. Native about Vera Cruz and in Peru. Viola
Banksian Pigea. Shrub 1 foot.
frutescens, Ruiz et Pav. ined.
3 P.? CALYCI'NA (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 307.) stems Var. B, Bertèrii (D. C. prod. 1. c.) leaves rather serrated ;
branched ; leaves linear, quite entire ; lower petal lanceolate, stem pubescent. Native in St. Martha. Vìola melanosperma,
acute; sepals ovate, acuminated. O? G. Native in New Hol- Bertero ined. Seeds lenticular, ovate, dark, shining. Cotyle-
land on the western coast. Flower small, blue?
dons reniform.
Large-calyxed Pigea. Pl. foot.
Péllitory-leaved Ionidium. Fl. July. Pl. 1 foot.
4 P.? MONOPE'TALA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 307.) 4. I. LEPTORHIZUM (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 308.) stem
stems branched ; leaves linear, quite entire ; lower petal spatu- simple or sparingly branched, smoothish ; leaves alternate, gla-
'ate, emarginate, the rest hardly evident ; sepals ovate. Ionídium brous, ovate, acute, toothed, tapering into the footstalk ; stipulas
monopétalum, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p.400.
linear-awl-shaped ; sepals very acute.
-
O.? S. Native of
One-petalled Pigea. Pl. foot.
Malabar and Tranquebar in sand.-Rheed. mal. 9. p. 119. t.
Cult. The species may be grown in a mixture of loam and 61.–Pluk. alm. t. 120. f. 8. Hardly differing from the pre-
peat, and no doubt cuttings, if planted under a hand-glass in ceding species. Two of the petals are rose-purple, the third
sand, will root readily, or they may be increased by seeds.f blue.
Slender-rooted Ionidium. Fl. July. Pl. | foot.
IX. IONI'DIUM (cov, ion, a violet, and eldos, eidos, similar ;
5 I. CAPE'NSE (Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 393.) stem suffru-
resemblance) D. C. prod. 1. p. 307. Ionídii, spec.
.
Vent.
ticose, erect ; leaves alternate, obovate, obsoletely-toothed, pu-
malm. p. 27. Sòlea, spec. Spreng.
bescent ; stipulas awl-shaped, ciliated ; sepals acute, ciliated.
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals small, unequal,
ħ. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Vìola Capensis,
running into the peduncle at the base, but not appendiculate,
Thunb. prod. 40. Vìola Massoni, herb. Banks. Flowers
with membranous margins. Petals unequal, lower one 2 or 3
white.
times longer than the rest, carinately-concave and a little gibbous
Var. B, Owariénse (D. C. prod. 1. p. 308.) upper leaves lan-
at the base, unguiculate, gradually dilating into the limb, with the
ceolate, somewhat crowded, under surface smoothish; sepals
margin usually involute in æstivation. Stamens approximate ;
pubescent; lip very gibbous at the base. Native of Guinea in
filaments scarcely oblong-dilated from the base, bearing the
the kingdom of Waree. Flowers pale-blue.
anthers low down; the 2 anterior ones are usually furnished each
Var. y? Burmánni (D. C. prod. 1. c.) upper leaves oblong-
with a nectarial gland at the base. Capsule as in Viola, but not
lanceolate, smoothish beneath ; lip obovate, gibbous at the base,
elastic, falling off after maturity by the jointed part of the pubescent on the outside. Native of the East Indies. Differing
peduncle, 1-6, rarely 9-seeded. Cotyledons usually reniform ;
from I. heterophyllum, in the sepals being ciliated, not smooth.
radicle short. Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves sometimes alter-
Flowers pale-blue.
nate, sometimes opposite, or the lower.ones opposite and the
Cape Ionidium. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub } to 1 ft.
upper ones alternate. Peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, furnished
6 I. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Vent. malm. no. 27. in adn.) stem
with 2 little bracteas above the middle and jointed. Flowers
suffruticose, branched at the base; lower leaves obovate, upper
erectish. The roots of all the species are more or less emetic,
ones linear-lanceolate, obsoletely toothed, pubescent; stipulas
The roots of several are used in Brazil as emetics under the awl-shaped, rigid ; sepals acuminated, glabrous. Þ.G. 'Na-
name of Poaya or Ipecacuanha.
tive of China and Ceylon. Polygala frutéscens, Burm. fl. zeyl.
.
195. t. 85? Flowers pale-blue.
§ 1. Lip stipitate, twice or thrice longer than the calyx.
Variable-leaved Ionidium. Shrub to 1 foot.
7 I. BUXIFÒLIUM (Vent. malm. p. 27. in adn.) stem herba-
1 I.? ANO'MALUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
p. 381.) ceous, diffuse ; leaves alternate, obovate, entire, with revolute
t. 500.) puberulous ; stem branched; rameal leaves alternate, margins; stipulas awl-shaped, rigid; sepals acuminated, gla-
-

VIOLARIEÆ. IX. IONIDIUM.
337
-
Var, a,
brous ; lip gibbous at the base, roundish-truncate at the apex. stipulas small, linear, very entire ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acu-
2. S. Native of the island of Madagascar. Vìola buxifòlia, minated, acute, very entire ; lobes of anthers almost equal in
Poir, dict. 8. p. 646. .
length to the filaments ; lip somewhat rhomboid, pubescent on
Box-leaved Ionidium. Pl. foot.
1 / 2
the outside. h.s. Native of Brazil in woods near the farm
8 I. ENNEASPE'RMUM (Vent. malm. p. 27.) stem suffruticose, called Cana-braba, about 14 leagues from the town called Villa-
much branched at the base; leaves alternate, lanceolate, smooth- do-principe. Petals very pale blue.
ish; stipulas awl-shaped, rigid; sepals acuminated, glabrous ; Wood Ionidium. Fl. April. Shrub 1 foot.
lip — ? seeds shining. Þ.S. Native of the East Indies.
-
15 I. GUARANI'TICUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 474.)
.
Malabáricum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 309.) stems decum- stem suffruticose, glabrous; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, gla-
bent; leaves sparingly serrated. h. S. Native of Malabar. brous; stipulas small, linear, membranous, glabrous; sepals
-Rheed. mal. 9. p. 117. t. 60. Flowers rose-coloured, with oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, acute, very entire ; lip of flower
deeper veins.
orbicular, crenate. h. S. Native of Brazil in woods on the
Var. B, Zeylanicum (D.C. prod. 1. p. 309.) stems ascending ;
ß.
banks of the river Ibicui in the province called Messoes. Petals
leaves almost entire. h. S. Native of Ceylon. Vìola en- white.
neasperma, Lin. spec. 1327. fl. zeyl. no. 317. Flowers rose- Guaranitic Ionidium. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
coloured.
16 I. BICOLOR (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 475.) plant
Nine-seeded Ionidium. Shrub i to foot.
villous; stem suffruticose, almost simple ; leaves lanceolate,
9 I. LINEARIFÒLIUM (Vahl. ecl. amer. 2. p. 18.) stem erect; acute, unequally toothed, cuneated at the base and very entire ;
cauline leaves alternate, oblong, tapering at both ends ; stipulas stipulas linear, quite entire; racemes terminal, and often axil-
;
awl-shaped, rigid. O? S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. lary; pedicels bractless; sepals entire, and very unequal ; lip
Vìola linearifòlia, Poir. dict. 8. p. 648 ? Perhaps a variety of transversely elliptical, truncate at the apex, pubescent on the
I. stríctum. Flowers blue?
under surface ħ.S. Native of Brazil in pastures in the pro-
Linear-leaved Ionidium. Fl. July. Pl. į foot.
vince of the Mission, chiefly near the village of St. Nicolas.
10 I. STRICTUM (Vent. malm. no. 27. in adn.) stems erect, Petals blue, with a yellow spot on the base of the lower one.
branched at the base, puberulous ; lower leaves opposite, oblong Two-coloured-lipped Ionidium. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 to 11 foot.
or lanceolate, tapering at the base, blunted at the apex; stipulas 17 I. A’LBUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 477.) stem
awl-shaped, rigid ; sepals acuminated, glabrous ; lip roundish; shrubby, diffuse, pubescent; leaves alternate, lanceolate, acute
,
capsules roundish, trigonal; seeds ovate-roundish, blackish ? at both ends, finely serrated, ciliated; stipulas scarious; pe-
4. S. Native of St. Domingo and New Spain. Vìola strícta, duncles bractless ; sepals lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, quite
Poir. dict. 8. p. 648. Flowers white ?
entire, hairy, ciliated ; lip somewhat rhomboid, very blunt, with
Var. ß; branches erect ; leaves elongated, lower ones obtuse, rounded sides, hairy on the under surface. h.S. Native of
tapering a great way at the base, smoothish. 4. S. Native Brazil, in old woods near the Farm called St. Miguel da Jiqui-
of Guadaloupe.
tinhonha, at the northern extremity of the province of Minas
Straight Ionidium. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. | foot. Geraes. Petals white.
11 I. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. White-flowered Ionidium. Fl. June. Shrub foot.
377.) stem woody, elongated, weak, glabrous, upper part
18 I. SCARIÒSUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 478.) stem
branched ; leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, narrowed at the suffruticose, with hairy branches ; leaves alternate, lanceolate,
top, remotely serrulated, glabrous ; stipulas minute ; peduncles acuminated, and very acute, serrated, but very entire at the
glabrous, racemosely-crowded on the branches, fructiferous ones base, villous ; stipulas linear-lanceolate, scarious; sepals oblong-
4 or 5 times shorter than the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acumi- linear, obtuse, pinnatifid, but entire at the apex, hispid; lip
nated ; capsules roundish-ovate, trigonal, 3-4-seeded.
rather orbicular, obtuse, villous on the under surface.
Native in humid places near Carichana in woods about the Ori- Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, near Itajuru
Flowers blue?
de St. Miguel de Mato Dentro. Petals violaceous at the apex.
Narrow-leaved Ionidium. Shrub 1-2 feet.
Scariose-stipuled Ionidium. Fl. Jan. . Shrub 1 foot.
12 I. COMMU'NE (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 469.) stem 19 I. VILLOSISSIMUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 480.) stem
herbaceous or often suffruticoșe, pubescent; leaves alternate, suffruticose, very villous; leaves alternate, lanceolate, acute at
,
intermediate ones lanceolate, acuminated, toothed, but entire at both ends, serrated, villous; stipulas quite entire, scarious ;
the base, hardly puberulous; stipulas small, linear, very entire; sepals pinnatifid, very hairy ; lip large, semi-orbicular, cuspi-
stamens glabrous ; filaments 3 times shorter than the lobes of date, obliquely-truncate at the base. h. S. Native of Brazil
the anthers; sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminated ; lip large,
;
in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals cream-coloured ?
ovate-bluntish, downy on the outside. 4. ħ.? S. Native of Very-villous Ionidium. Shrub 1 foot.
Brazil in old woods and coppices. Petals blue ?
20 1. Poa'ya (St. Hil. in mem, mus. 11. p. 482.) plant
Common Ionidium. Fl. Jan. April. Pl. 1 to 4 feet.
very hairy ; stem suffruticose, usually simple ; leaves alternate,
13 I. SETI'GERUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 470. t. 23. almost sessile, ovate, acutish, somewhat cordate at the base,
f. c.) stem suffruticose, pubescent ; leaves alternate, oblong- obsoletely-toothed ; stipulas linear, scarious, quite entire, hardly
,
lanceolate, acuminated, very acute, toothed, puberulous; stipu- manifest ; lip large, broad, obcordate ; filaments bearded on the
las and bracteas of the peduncles ciliately many-parted ; sepals outside at the apex ; processes of anthers membranous, small.
pinnatifidly ciliated ; lip orbicular, pubescent. ħ. S. Native K. S. Native of Brazil, plentiful in the fields on the western
of Brazil in cultivated places, as well as in woods that have extremity of the province of Minas Geraes, chiefly near the
been cut down in the provinces of Rio Janiero and Minas town called Paracatu and the villages called St. Luzia de Goyaz
Geraes. Petals green at the base, but violet, blue, or variegated and Meiaponte. Petals white or blue. Root emetic. This plant
with white and blue at the apex.
is called in Brazil Poaya do Campo.
Bristle-bearing Ionidium. Fl. year. Shrub 1 foot.
Poaya Ionidium. Fl. April, Aug. Shrub 1 foot.
14 I. SYLVA'TICUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 472.) stem 21 I. LANATUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 482. t. 23. f.
shrubby, pubescent; leaves alternate, intermediate ones ovate, a.) plant woolly ; stem simple ; leaves alternate, intermediate
acuminated, toothed, but very entire at the base, puberulous; ones elliptical, obtuse, with short points, quite entire ; stipulas
h.s.
h. S.
noco.
YOL, I.-PART. IV.
Xx

338
VIOLARIEÆ. IX. IONIDIUM.
1. c.
2. S.
h. S.
linear-awl-shaped, quite entire, scariose ; lip large, broad, ob- somewhat globose, shining, black, with the sides flattened ;
,
cordate ; filaments longer than the lobes of the anthers. 4. S. cotyledons reniform. n. S. Native of New Spain, and near
Native of Brazil in grassy fields near the village called Conten- Mexico. H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 376. t. 496.
das, in the desert of the river St. Francisco. Petals pale-blue. Sòlea verticillata, Spreng. in Schrad. journ. bot. 1800. vol. 2. p.
Var. ß, dentàtum (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 484.) lower leaves obso- 190. t. 6. Vìola verticillata, Orteg. dec. 4. p. 50. Flowers
letely-toothed.
greenish-yellow or white.
Woolly Ionidium. Fl. Sept. Pl. į to foot.
Milkwort-leaved Ionidium. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1795. Shrub
22 I. NA'NUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 484. t. 23. f. b.) 1 foot.
stem dwarf; leaves alternate, upper ones sometimes opposite, 29 I. URTICÆFÓLIUM (Mart. mat. med. bras. ex Spreng. syst.
acutish, toothed, but quite entire at the base, pubescent or append. p. 98.) branches covered with clammy pubescence;
pilose; footstalks hairy; stipulas small, linear, acute; sepals leaves almost sessile, somewhat cordate, ovate, acute, serrated,
ſanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, hairy ; lip of flower large, smooth ; peduncles few-flowered ; sepals entire ; lower petals
transversely-elliptical, truncate and toothed at the apex. . h.S.
square.
2. S. Native of Brazil. Sòlea urticæfòlia, Spreng,
Native of Brazil in dry pastures, near the Fort called Belem, in Flowers white or bluish. Root emetic.
the province Rio Grande do Sul. Petals white, but yellow at Nettle-leaved Ionidium. Pl. 1 foot.
their base.
30 I. GRA'CILE (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon. and D. C.
Dwarf Ionidium. Fl. Jan. Shrub 2 or 3 inches.
prod. 1. p. 309.) stems erectish, almost simple ; leaves alternate,
23 I. BIGIBBÒSUM (St, Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 418. t. 23. oblong, entire ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, one-half shorter than
f. d.) stem shrubby ; leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, acumi- the leaves ; petals scarcely longer than the calyx, lower one
nated, obsoletely toothed, glabrous, with the middle nerve pu- hardly larger than the rest ; seeds ovate, black.
Native
bescent; flowers all axillary ; sepals finely ciliated ; lip of flower of Mexico. Perhaps a variety of I. polygalæfölium.
ovate-oblong, obtuse, bigibbose at the base of the claw.
Slender Ionidium. Pl.
Pl. foot.
Native of Brazil in old woods near the town of St. Carlos, in the 31 I. visci'DULUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov.gen. amer. 5. p. 377.)
province of St. Paul. Petals greenish.
stem woody, erect, branched, clammy; leaves opposite, lanceo-
Bigibbous-lipped Ionidium. Fl. Oct. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. late, glabrous, remotely serrulate; stipulas awl-shaped, minute;
24 I. OPPOSITIFOLIUM (Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 395. St. sepals ovate-lanceolate, glabrous; lip with a long claw, very
Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 487.) stem suffruticose, branched; broad, ovate, acute, dilated and concave at the base; the lateral
leaves opposite, almost sessile, lanceolate-linear, remotely ser- petals length of the claw of the superior petal; 2 anterior sta-
rated, but very entire at the apex, with scabrous margins ; mens, each furnished at the base with a gland; terminal mem-
stipulas awl-shaped ; flowers in racemes ; calyx glabrous; lip of branes acute. . . Native in humid sandy places near An-
flower transversely-elliptical, with rounded sides. h.S. Na-
gustura on the banks of the Orinoco. Flowers sweet-scented,
tive of Brazil in the sand on the banks of the river Jiquitinhonha, white; but with the lip spotted with yellow at the base.
on the confines of the provinces of Bahia and Minas Geraes. Viscid-branched Ionidium. Shrub 1 to 1 foot.
Vìola oppositifòlia, Lin. spec. 1327. Petals violaceous.
32 I. RIPA'RIUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 378.)
Opposite-leaved Ionidium. Fl. July. Pl. I to 1 foot. stem herbaceous, erect, somewhat branched, pubescent; lower
§ 2. Lip almost sessile, hardly twice the length of the calyx.
leaves opposite, lanceolate, crenate-serrated ; glabrous, some-
what ciliated ; stipulas awl-shaped, minute; sepals lanceolate,
25 I. ATROPURPU'REUM (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 490.) acuminated or awl-shaped, ciliated; lip unguiculate, ovate-round-
stem suffruticose ; lower leaves ovate, upper ones lanceolate, all ish, saccate and concave at the base ; lateral petals one-half
acuminated and acute, obsoletely serrated, glabrous; stipulas shorter than the rest, all ciliated towards the base ; filaments
caducous ; flowers all racemose, small; sepals finely ciliated; almost wanting, 2 anterior ones furnished each with a scale-
lip of flower orbicular, scarcely larger than the lateral petals. formed gland ; terminal membranes acute; capsules ovate-
h.s. Native of Brazil on the margins of woods on the moun- globose, somewhat compressed, shining, brown. O.S. Native
tain called Serra-da-Estrada-Nova, a little distance from Rio of the kingdom of New Granada near Angostura de Carare, on
Janeiro; also in cultivated places, and in the cut down woods the banks of the river Magdalena, at the height of 360 feet. I.
called Capueiras, near a farm called Uba. Lip of flower dark- attenuatum, Willd. herb. ex Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 402.
.
purple.
bod Flowers blue.
Dark-purple-lipped Ionidium. Fl. Nov. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. River-side Ionidium. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
26 I. THESIIFOLIUM (D. C. mss. et prod. 1. p. 309.) stem erect, 33 I. VERBENACEUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
simple, glabrous ; leaves alternate, narrow, very long, glabrous, 379. t. 497.) stem herbaceous, erect, somewhat branched, pu-
quite entire; stipulas and sepals awl-shaped; petals scarcely bescent; leaves alternate, ovate-elliptical, acute, running into
longer than the calyx. 4. S. Native of Senegal and other the footstalk at the base, crenate-serrated, hairy on both sur-
parts of Guinea. Viola thesiifòlia, Poir. dict. 8. p. 649. faces; stipulas linear-awl-shaped, puberulous, somewhat longer
Flowers very small, pale-blue.
than the footstalks of the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated,
Thesium-leaved Ionidium. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. Z ft. ciliated ; lip with a long claw, roundish-elliptic, furnished with
27 I. LINIFÒLIUM (D. C. mss. et prod. 1. p. 309.) stem erect, 2 gibbosities at the base, twice or thrice longer than the calyx ;
puberulous ; leaves alternate, linear, narrow, smooth; stipulas lateral petals a little longer than the calyx ; filaments short, 2
awl-shaped. O ? S. Native of Madagascar. Vìola linifòlia, inferior, gibbous at the base, in consequence of each being fur-
Poir. dict. 8. p. 647. Flowers pale-blue.
nished with a gland; terminal membranes emarginate. O. S.
Flax-leaved Ionidium. Fl. June, July. Pl. foot.
Gathered in the gardens of Mexico. Flowers pale-blue.
28 I. POLYGALÆFÒLIUM (Vent. malm. t. 27.) stems branched, Vervain-like Ionidium. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. d ft.
diffuse, procumbent; branches puberulous; leaves opposite, 34 I. CIRCÆOI'DES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
379.
lanceolate, rather entire ; stipulas lanceolate, one-half shorter t. 498.) stem herbaceous, erect, simple, puberulous; leaves op-
than the leaves; sepals ovate-oblong, acute, pubescent; lip posite, ovate, acuminated, serrate, glabrous, rounded at the base;
spatulate, rounded at the apex, exceeding the calyx; nectarial stipulas glabrous, linear, falcate, almost equalling the footstalks
scales fleshy; capsules roundish, trigonal, 1-5-seeded; seeds in length; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous; lip

VIOLARIEÆ. IX. IONIDIUM. X. HYBANTHUS.
339
a
.
-
with a long claw, roundish-ovate, obtuse, 5 times longer than the hind, nodding. . ? S. Native of the East Indies. Viola
calyx; lateral petals 3 times shorter than the lower one, ob- suffruticosa, Roth. nov. spec. 165.
long, falcate, narrowed in the middle, hence they appear as if Suffruticose lonidium. Shrub procumbent.
furnished with an obtuse lobule on each side below ; filaments 41 I.? FRUTE'SCENS (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.)
short, 2 inferior ones furnished each with a gland at the base ; stems ascending, roughish, shrubby at the base ; leaves oblong-
terminal membranes emarginate; capsules glabrous, roundish- lanceolate, mucronate, glabrous, somewhat ciliated, serrated;
ovate, trigonal, 3 times longer than the calyx, 6-seeded, with stipulas setaceous, erect, pilose; flowers axillary, solitary, equal
oblong valves ; immature seeds globosely-ovate, flattish, carun- behind, nodding. h .? S. Native of the East Indies. Viola
culate. O.S. Native near Guayaquil in shady places on the frutescens, Roth. nov. spec. 167.
shore of the Pacific ocean. Willd. herb. ex Rom. et Schult. Frutescent Ionidium. Shrub 1 foot.
syst. 5. p. 401. Flowers violaceous.
42 I.? BREVICAU LE (Mart. in litt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.)
Circæa-like Ionidium. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
.
stem short, ascending ; leaves crowded, almost sessile, alternate,
35 I. GLUTINO'SUM (Vent. malm. no. 27. in adn.) stems erect- ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated, pubescent. Native of Brazil.
ish, pubescent, clammy; leaves ovate-lanceolate, tapering a Short-stemmed Ionidium. Pl. 1 foot.
great way into the footstalk, sharply-toothed; stipulas awl- 43 I. LINEA'TUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.)
shaped, shorter than the footstalks of the leaves ; lip obcordate. branches procumbent ; leaves opposite, ovate, lined, stalked,
4. G. Native of Buenos Ayres. Vìola glutinosa, Poir. dict. under surface pubescent; stipulas awl-shaped. h.? S. Native
8. p. 647. Calyx, when dry, greenish, not violaceous, as in the
p
of Cuba. Vìola lineata, Orteg. dec. 4. p. 49. Lower petal or
following, to which it is very much akin.
lip violaceous, with a white claw; lateral ones violaceous, upper
Clammy Ionidium. Fl. Pl. foot.
į
one white.
36 I. PARVIFLO'RUM (Vent. malm. p. 27. in adn.) shrubby, Var. B? lower leaves obovate, smoothish. Native of Cuba.
branched, diffuse ; branches elongated, puberulous ; leaves alter- Viola lineata, herb. hort. monsp.
nate, ovate, serrated, tapering a little way into the footstalk; Lined-leaved Ionidium. Shrub procumbent.
stipulas lanceolate, awl-shaped, scarcely the length of the foot- 44 I.? CALCEOLA'RIUM (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p.
stalks of the leaves; peduncles glabrous, rising above the leaves; 311.) stem branched, pilose; leaves opposite, elliptic-lanceolate,
sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute ; lip 3 times longer than the calyx, tapering into the footstalk, somewhat stem-clasping; stipulas
ovate, 2-lobed, with the lobes roundish and spreading ; nectarial awl-shaped ; sepals awnedly-acuminated, glabrous. O. S.
scales somewhat clavate; capsules roundish, trigonal, 3 times Native of Mexico. Calceolària, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined.
longer than the calyx, 3-5-seeded. h. S. Native in the warmer not of Poir. Perhaps the Vìola calcària labello obovato retuso
regions of South America near Santa-Fe-de-Bogota. H. B. et of Lofl. itin. p. 183. no. 1.
.
Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 375. Vìola parviflòra, Lin. fil. Slipper-flowered Ionidium. Pl. 1 foot.
suppl. 396. Flowers purplish. The roots are yellow, and 45 I.? LONGIFOLIUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined, and
are used instead of Ipecacuanha in the southern parts of the D. C. prod. 1. p. 311. but not of Roem. et Schult.) stems sim-
province of St. Paul in Brazil as well as in Peru.
plish ; leaves opposite, lanceolate-linear, rarely serrated, very
Var. ß? branches very long. Vìola filiformis, Ruiz, et Pav. acute; stipulas lanceolate, somewhat longer than the footstalks ;
;
ined. Native of Peru.
peduncles 3 times longer than the leaves. 4. S. Native of
Small-flowered Ionidium. Fl. June, July. Shrub procumbent. Mexico.
37 I. MICROPHY'LLUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. Long-leaved Ionidium. Pl. 1 foot.
374. t. 495.) shrubby, branched, diffuse ; branches pubescent; Cult. These plants grow best in a mixture of loam, sand, and
leaves opposite, elliptical-oblong, acute, serrated, rather pilose, peat, and young cuttings of the stove and green-house perennials
ciliated; peduncles 3 times longer than the leaves, marked with and shrubs will root freely if planted in sand under a bell-glass.
a puberulous line; stipulas lanceolate, acuminated, ciliated, 3 times The annual species may be sown in pots and plunged in a gentle
longer than the footstalks of the leaves ; sepals ovate-oblong, hot-bed, and when the plants have attained two or three inches
acute; lip somewhat fiddle-shaped ; double the length of the calyx; in height
, they should be planted separately into small pots, and
nectarial scales somewhat ovate, capsules roundish-elliptical, shifted from time to time as they grow, and about the end of
trigonal, 3-6-seeded. h.S. Native among stones near Lac- June they may be removed into the green-house, where they will
tacunga in Quito, at the height of 4440 feet. Vìola microcé- ripen their seed : or they may be planted out in the open
border
phala, Bonpl. ined. Vìola microphylla, Willd. herb. Vìola par- about the end of May, in front of a south wall.
viflora, Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 391. Flowers purplish.
.
Small-leaved Ionidium. Shrub procumbent.
X. HYBA'NTHUS (from vßos, hybos, a tuber, and av loc,
anthos; in allusion to the form of the spur.) Jacq. amer. 77.
Species not sufficiently known.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 385. D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.
38 I. ? CLAYTONIOIDES (Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 402.) LIN. Syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals unequal, run-
SYST
stem furnished with one perfoliate leaf. Native — ?
ning into the pedicel at the base, but not appendiculated. Pe-
Claytonic-like Ionidium. Pl. Z foot.
tals unequal; lower one saccate at the base, longer than the
39 Í.? ERE'CTUM (Ging, mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 311.) rest, channelled in the middle and dilated at the apex into a 2-
stem straight, filiform, roughish ; leaves linear, mucronate, re- lobed limb, the rest shorter and 3-nerved. Stamens oblong,
motely denticulated, straight; stipulas lanceolate, ciliated, ad- connate between themselves into a disk at the base ; anthers
pressed; flowers solitary, axillary, nodding. Native of the inserted low down, two lower ones with contiguous obliterated
East Indies. Viola erécta, Roth. nov. spec. 165. Flowers cells, and furnished each with a nectarial shell-formed gland at
the base ; these glands are drawn in within the swelling of the
Érect Ionidium. Pl. į foot.
1
lower petal. Capsules obovate, few-seeded. Inelegant, usually
40 I. ? SUFFRUTICO'sum (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. spiny shrubs, with the appearance of Rúndia. Leaves scat-
311.) stems procumbent, roughish; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, tered, those on the branches alternate, and somewhat fasciculate
serrated, somewhat pubescent; stipulas lanceolate, pilose, at on the stems. Peduncles on the sides, or lateral, solitary, or
length spreading, form of prickles; flowers axillary, equal be- many crowded together, bifid at the apex. Flowers pedicellate,
very small.
X x 2

340
XII. GONOHORIA.
VIOLARIEÆ. X. HYBANTHUS. XI, ANCHIETEA.
ovate.
a
Pedicels very
whitish, with the pedicels bracteate at the base and jointed Flowers whitish, veined with red at the base ; lower petal ob-
above the base. St. Aug. St. Hilaire considers Pombàlia and
Hybánthus to be identical with Ionidium.
Pear-leaved Anchietea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. Shrub cl.
1 H. HAVANE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 385. t. 494.)
Cult. For cultivation and propagation see Hybánthus.
stem erect, spiny, branched ; leaves oblong, remotely serrated ;
flowers whitish; lower petal 2-lobed at the apex; peduncles
Tribe II.
bifid, somewhat racemose. h.S. Native near Havanah in the
island of Cuba.
ALSODI'NEÆ (R. Br. congo. p. 21. D. C. prod. 1. p. 312.)
Var. a, Jacquiniànus (D. C. prod. p. 311.) leaves emarginate Petals equal between themselves. Stamens usually joined to-
at the apex, tapering at the base ; sepals ovate, 3 lower ones gether at their base, or adnate to the inner side of an urceolus,
gibbous at the base; flowers so small as scarcely to be examined which is situated between the petals and the stamens. Accord-
with the naked eye; petals, 4 of which are ovate and obtuse, ing to Aug. St. Hilaire (see mem. mus. 11. p. 493.) Alsodea,
the fifth one is oblong, attenuate in the middle and bifid at the Ceranthèra, and Rinòria are not generically distinct.
apex, a little longer than the rest; style awl-shaped. h.s.
Native in wooded mountains. Ionídium Jacquiniànum, Rem. XII. GONOHO'RIA (Gonohorie is the name of Gonohòria
et Schult. syst. 5. p. 397.
flavéscens in Guiana.) D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 312. Gono-
Var. f, Humboldtiànus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 312.) leaves entire hòria, Passoúra and Riàna, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 237 and 239. t.
f
at the apex, scarcely stalked ; stipulas ovate, obtuse; flowers 95 and 94. and app. p. 21. t. 380.
in racemose fascicles, larger than those of var. a; sepals oblong,
LIN. SYST.
Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals imbricate.
obtuse, smooth ; lower petal saccate and concave at the base, 3 Petals convolute in æstivation. Stamens free, approximate ;
times longer than the calyx, with a dilated 2-lobed limb, lateral filaments on short stipes, dilated at the apex
into a strap, fur-
ones oblong, obtuse, obsoletely 3-lobed, double the length of nished each on the outside with an appendiculate erect scale,
the calyx, upper ones obtuse, hardly shorter than the lateral and bearing the anthers a little higher up ; lobes of anther bristly
ones; anthers somewhat cordate; ovary roundish-ovate, gla- at the apex. Style flexuous, awl-shaped ; stigma obtuse. Ovary
brous, 9-seeded; style jointed and somewhat hooked at the villous. Capsule 3-valved, with the valves few-seeded. Seeds
apex.
according to Aublet globose. Shrubs with opposite or alternate
Havanah Hybanthus. Shrub 2 to 7 feet.
leaves. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes.
2 H.? MEXICA'NUS (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 312.) short, erect, 1-flowered, furnished with a bractea at the base of
stem prickly; leaves oblong; lower petal acuminated at the each, and 2 bracteoles in the middle. Flowers small, white.
apex; peduncles 1-flowered, in fascicles. h. S. Native of Stipulas deciduous.
Mexico. Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers whitish? i G. RIA'NA (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 312.) leaves ovate,
Mexican Hybanthus. Shrub 1 foot.
serrated, acuminated at the apex ; scales of stamens acumi.
Cult. These shrubs may be grown in a mixture of loam, nated; racemes spike-formed. h. S. Native in the woods
sand, and peat; and young cuttings will root freely under a of Guiana about Arauren. Riàna Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1.
bell-glass if planted in sand, and placed in a moderate heat. p. 237. t. 94. Flowers white. Riana is probably the name of
the tree in Guiana.
Riana Gonohoria. Shrub 10 feet.
XI. ANCHIE'TEA (in honour of P. Anchietea, a very 2 G. ULMIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 387.
celebrated Brazilian Jesuit, who wrote on the plants of the pro- t. 491.) leaves twin or tern, but somewhat opposite at the
vince of St. Paul in Brazil.) St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 464. top of the branchlets, oblong, acuminated, toothed, smooth,
pl. usu. bras. t. 18.
upper surface shining, with the nerves and veins puberulous;
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted, racemes terminal, solitary, branched, 2 or 3 times shorter than
unequal. Petals 5, very unequal, two upper ones smallest, the leaves.
Native of New Granada on the banks of
two intermediate ones longer, lowest one largest, and unguiculate, the river Magdalena. Sepals lanceolate, ciliated. Petals 2 or
with a spur at the base. Anthers almost sessile, alternating with 3 times longer than the calyx, oblong, obtuse, veined, with the
the petals, two lowest ones on very short filaments, each drawn veins somewhat parallel, flat, and whitish. Terminal membranes
out into a filiform appendage, which is bent back into the spur.
of stamens rounded at the apex. Scales wanting on the lower
Ovary superior. Stigma simple. Capsule large, bladdery, in- stamens ? Ovary triquetrous, pilose, 3-seeded. Capsules obovate,
flated, obtuse, 1-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. Valves mem- turbinate, triquetrous, rather pilose or smooth and brown at the
branaceous, bearing the seeds on the middle. Seeds in 2 rows, apex. Seeds somewhat globose, with the sides hardly com-
large, very flat, emarginate at the umbilicus, and girded by a pressed, smooth, glabrous, marked by a longitudinal furrow
broad membrane.—Shrubs with alternate, stalked, stipulate from the hilum to the opposite faveola. Flower whitish?
leaves. Stipulas twin, lateral, caducous. Flowers axillary, so- Elm-leaved Gonohoria. Shrub 10 feet.
litary, or in fascicles.
3 G. Passou'ra (D. C. mss. and prod. 1. p. 312.) leaves
1 A. SALUTA'RIS (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 465.) leaves ovate, acute, ovate, almost entire, with a short acumen at the apex ; sepals
crenated; flowers in axillary fascicles; upper petal longer than the lanceolate, acute; scales of stamens acute. h.s. Native in
calyx ; labellum ovate; spur incurved. ħ. S. Native of the woods of Guiana. Gonohòria flavescens, Aubl. guian. 1. P.
Brazil, in the province of St. Paul. The roots of this shrub are 239. t. 93. Passoúra, Aubl. guian. suppl. p. 21. t. 380. Pas-
used by many persons in the neighbourhood of Rio Janeiro, as soura is the name of the tree in Guiana. Flowers yellow.
a cathartic. It is used with success in eruptions of the skin. Passoura Gonohoria. Shrub 6 feet.
Flowers whitish.
4 G. LOBOLO'BA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 494.) leaves
Salutary Anchietea. Shrub 6 feet.
alternate and opposite, crowded at the tops of the branches,
2 A. PYRIFÒLIA ; leaves ovate, acute, crenated; flowers in oblong-lanceolate, narrow, acute, obsoletely-serrated ; racemes
axillary fascicles; upper petal longer than the calyx ; labellum simple; pedicels puberulous ; scales hardly manifest at the base
obovate ; spur incurved. ñ.v. S. Native of Brazil about Rio of the stamens ; seeds fixed to the base of the placentas. h.s.
Janeiro. Noisettia pyrif òlia, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 24. t. 16. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Alsòdea physíphora, Mart.
h. S.
-

VIOLARIEÆ. XII. GONOHORIA. XIII. RINORIA.
XIV. ALSODEA. XV. CERANTHERA.
341
;
-
f. bras. 1. p. 29. t. 20. Physiphora lævigàta, Sol. mss. The flowered ; leaves entire. n. S. Native of Brazil. Gonohòria
green
leaves are very mucilaginous, and have an herbaceous taste, alternifolia, Spreng. new entd. 2. p. 151. Flowers whitish.
the negroes
in
many
of the cantons in the environs of Rio Janeiro Entire-leaved Rinorea. Tree 15 feet.
eat them with their food. M. Aug. St. Hilaire is of opinion Cult. The species of this genus should be cultivated in the
that the leaves would acquire a more agreeable taste if the same manner as Gonohòria, which see.
shrub was planted in good soil under the shade of trees, in order
to blanch' them. Lobolóba is the Brazilian name of the shrub. XIV. ALSO'DEA (from alowồns, alsodes, leafy; plants
Lobolobo Gonohoria. Fl. Sept. Nov. Shrub 6 feet.
thickly beset with leaves.) Pet. Th. hist. veg. afr. 2. p. 55. t. 17
5 G. CASTANEÆFÒLIA (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 495.) leaves alternate and 18. nov. gen. madag. p. 55. D. C. prod. 1. p. 313.
.
.
and opposite, crowded at the top of the branches, oblong; lan- Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals acute, imbricate,
ceolate sharply serrated, mucronate, with the lateral nerves 3 exterior and 2 interior. Petals alternate, longer than the
parallel, rather prominent; racemes compound, rather loose, sepals, twisted in æstivation. Stamens alternating with the petals ;
pubescent; urceolus cup-shaped ? girding the ovary. . S. filaments loosened from or adnate to the urceolus which girds the
Native of Brazil in hedges not far from Rio Janeiro.
ovary, hence dilated into ligulæ, not unguiculated, bearing the
Chesnut-leaved Gonohoria. Fl. Aug. Shrub 6 feet.
anthers at the base of those ligulæ, exceeding the ovary in
6 G. RACEMO'SA ; leaves opposite, oblong, acuminated, quite length ; lobes of anther usually drawn out at the apex into bristly
entire, smooth on both surfaces ; racemes opposite, elongated ; appendages. Urceolus simple on the outside, or girded or
pedicels cymose; filaments lanceolate, acute, serrulated ; cells of furnished with various appendages. Ovary simple. Style club-
anthers horned. . S. Native of Brazil. Alsòdea racemosa, shaped. Capsule covered with the permanent calyx and corolla,
Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 29. t. 20. Flowers small, white.
obversely turbinate, bluntly 3-sided. Seeds one or two in each
Racemose-flowered Gonohoria. Fl. Nov. Dec. Shrub 6 feet. valve. Cotyledons orbicular.—Shrubs or trees from Mada-
7 G. CU'SPA (H. B. et Kunth, 7. p. 242. under Gonòria.) leaves gascar. Leaves usually alternate, feather-nerved; stipulas small,
elliptical-oblong, obtuse, quite entire, smooth, shining above, deciduous. Flowers small, whitish, racemose; racemes axil-
upper ones opposite; peduncles simple, bracteate. h.s. Na- lary and terminal. Pedicels bracteate, jointed.
tive of New Granada. Alsòdea Cúspa, Spreng. syst. append. p.
99. Flowers white, small. Cuspa is the name of the tree in
§ 1. Urceolus simple.
New Granada, where its bark is celebrated for its frebrifugal 1 A. PAUCIFLÓRA (Pet. Th. l. c. p. 57. f. 17.) urceolus of
qualities both in powder and in decoction.
stamens simple ; leaves wedge-shaped on short footstalks ;
;
Caspa Gonohoria. Tree 20 feet.
flowers few, somewhat corymbose; pedicels reflexed.
ħ.s.
8 G. MEGAPOTA'MICA; leaves elliptical, oblong, quite entire, Native of Madagascar in shady places.
reticulately veined, rather pubescent beneath ; peduncles cymi- Few-flowered Alsodea. Shrub 4 feet.
ferous, axillary, bifid; filaments bearded on the back. ñ . s. 2 A. ARBOREA (Pet. Th. l. c. p. 57.) urceolus of stamens
Native of Brazil at Rio Grande. Alsodea, Spreng. syst. app. p. 99. simple ; leaves on long footstalks, deflexed; flowers panicled.
Rio Grande Gonohoria. Shrub 6 feet.
h. S. Native of Madagascar.
Cult. The species of the genus Gonohòria will grow well in Tree Alsodea. Clt. 1823.
Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet.
a mixture of loam and sand, and young cuttings will root freely
under a bell-glass if planted in sand. None of the species have
$ 2.
Urceolus girded.
yet been introduced to the gardens.
3 A. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Pet. Th. 1. c. p. 57. t. 17. f. 1.) urceolus
of stamens girded ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, toothed; racemes
spiked. h. s.
h. s. Native of Madagascar.
XIII. RINOREA (Rinori is the name of R. Guianensis in Narrow-leaved Alsodea. Shrub 6 feet.
Guiana.) Aubl. guian. 1. p. 235. t. 93. D. C. prod. 1. p. 312. 4 A. LATIFOLIA (Pet. Th. l. c. p. 57. t. 18. f. 2.) urceolus
LIN. Syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Character the same as of stamens girded ; leaves ovate, obtusely-acuminated; racemes
Gonohòria, but with the filaments dilated from the base and joined glabrous, dense. h.S. Native of Madagascar.
into an urceolus, girding the ovary, and bearing the anthers lower Broad-leaved Alsodea. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet,
down, approximate. Middle-sized trees. Leaves alternate, 5 A. PUBE'SCENS (Pet. Th. l. c. p. 57. t. 18. f. 3.) urceolus
stipulate ; stipulas deciduous.
stipulas deciduous. Flowers in racemes ; racemes of stamens girded; leaves ovate, cuneated at the base, serrated ;
axillary or terminal, loosely panicled. Pedicels drooping, 1- racemes loose, pubescent. h. S. Native of Madagascar.
flowered, bearing a bractea at the base of each, with two smaller Pubescent-racemed Alsodea. Shrub 6 feet?
ones toward the middle, and joint-
Cult. The species of this genus will thrive best in a mixture
ed. Flowers small, white. Ovary
FIG. 65.
of loam and sand, and young cuttings will strike root under a
ovate, 3-lobed, 1-celled, 3-seeded.
bell-glass if planted in a pot of sand, placed in heat.
According to St. Hilaire this genus f
does not differ from Gonohòria.
XV. CERANTHERA (kepas, keras, a horn, and avonpa,
1 R. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian.
anthera, an anther; in allusion to the lobes of the anthers being
1. p. 235. t. 93.) flowers in com-
terminated by a bristle.) Beauv. A. ow. 2. p. 11. t. 65. D. C.
pound racemes ; leaves deeply-ser-
prod. 1. p. 313.-Passàlia, Banks herb. ex Brown, congo, p.
rated. h.S. Native of Guiana
21. Alsòdea species, Spreng:
and Brazil. Gonohòria Rinòria,
LIN. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals acute. Petals
St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 495.
lanceolate, twice the length of the sepals. Urceolus toothed,
Alsòdea paniculata, Mart. A. bras.
joined with the petals at the base, situated between the petals
p. 30. t. 21.
and stamens. Filaments unguiculate at the base ; hence dilated
Guiana Rinorea. Tree 14 feet.
into petal-like scales at the apex, bearing the anthers high
2 R.? INTEGRIFOLIA (Ging. mss.
up at the base of the scales ; lobes of anthers bristly; claws
and D. C. prod. 1. p. 313.) pe- dt
of filaments adnate to the urceolus, but free at the top.
duncles solitary or in pairs, 1-
Ovary ovate. Capsules unknown.-Shrubs. Leaves alternate,
•
I
-
a
-

342
VIOLARIEÆ. XVI. PENTALOBA. XVII. SPATULARIA. XVIII. HYMENANTHERA. XIX. PIPAREA.
broad. Flowers in panicled racemes; pedicels bracteate. culated at the apex. Stigma hardly manifest (f. 66. f.). Ovary
Flowers small, greenish-yellow.
free, 1-celled, many-seeded (f. 66. d.); ovulæ numerous, fixed
Obs. From the figures of Beauvais, fl. ow. 1. c. the struc- to 3 parietal placentas. Shrub. Leaves alternate and opposite,
ture of the stamens appears to be the same as those of Gonohòria, simple, toothed. Stipulas caducous. Peduncles 1-4, terminal,
but differs in the stamens being fixed to the inner parietes of bracteate at the base, 1-3-flowered ; pedicels erect, jointed, and
the urceolus, not free as in Gonohòria. It differs from Alsòdea when there are three together they constitute a little umbel.
as Rinòria does from Gonohòria, in the filaments being ungui- 1 S. LONGIFOLIA (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 492. t. 24.) ñ.S. Native
culate, not dilated from the base, and bearing the anthers high of Brazil near Rio Janeiro in old woods on a mountain called
up, not low down.
Corcovada, but very rare. Petals white or pale violet.
1 C. DENTA'TA (Beauv. fl. ow. et ben. 2. p. 11. t. 65.) leaves Long-leaved Spatularia. Fl. Oct. Shrub 6 feet.
ovate-lanceolate, toothed; petals lanceolate-ovate. h. S. Na- Cult. For propagation and cultivation see Ceranthèra.
tive of Buonopozo in the kingdom of Waree, and in many
other parts of Guinea, Sierra Leone, Cape Coast, and the Island
XVIII. HYMENANTHERA (from vunv, hymen, a mem-
of St. Thomas, Isles de Los, &c. Flowers small, yellowish-
white.
brane, and avonpa, anthera, an anther ; alluding to the anthers
Toothed-leaved Ceranthera. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1824.
being terminated by a membrane, or probably from the scales en
Shrub 6 feet.
the back). Banks herb. ex R. Br. cong. p. 23.
LIN. SYST.
2 C. SUBINTEGRIFOLIA (Beauv. l. c. t. 66.) leaves lanceolate-
Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals 5, imbricate.
oblong, rarely with sinuated margins; petals ovate. n. S.
Petals 5, alternate, ovate, acuminated, at last reflexed, longer
Native about the town of Waree and other
many
than the calyx, obliquely imbricated in æstivation (R. Brown).
of Guinea.
parts
Flowers white.
Structure of stamens approaching to Vìola, but closed together
Subentire-leaved Ceranthera. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Sh. 6 ft.
at the base into a monodelphous disk; with a scale opposite each
Cult. These shrubs will thrive best in a mixture of loam and
on the back. Style very short. Stigmas 2, acute. Capsules
sand, and young cuttings will root if planted in sand under a
somewhat baccate (when dry rough and reticulately veined)
bell-glass, plunged in heat.
thin, ovate (1-celled, 1-seeded ?) 2-celled ; cells l-seeded (R.
Brown) covered by the permanent calyx, petals, and stamens.
Seeds conforming to the capsule and filling the same, hanging from
XVI. PENTAʼLOBA (from nevtɛ, pente, five, and sofoc, the nerviform placenta (as in Viola). Structure of seed between
lobos, a lobe; in allusion to the 5-lobed berry.) Lour. coch. the Violarièæ and Polygàleæ, ex R. Brown. Shrubs branched.
p. 154. D. C. prod. 1. p. 314.
Leaves coriaceous, sometimes solitary and alternate, sometimes
LIN. Syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals 5, lanceolate, in fascicles. Flowers small, axillary. Peduncles solitary, 1-
erect, pilose. Petals 5, lanceolate, somewhat reflexed at the flowered, furnished with 2 bracteas at the base of each.
apex, conniving into a little bell at the base. Nectary 5- 1 H. ANGUSTIFOLIA (R. Br. in herb. Banks and D. C. prod.
toothed, erect; filaments 5, filiform, flattish, standing upon the 1. p. 315.) leaves linear, quite entire. h. G. Native of Van
incisures of the nectary, almost equal in length to the corolla. Diemen's Land at Port Dalrymple. Flowers yellow.
Ovary pilose. Style short, pilose; stigma simple. Berry Narrow-leaved Hymenanthera. Shrub 6 feet.
roundish, 5-lobed, 1-celled, 5-seeded; seeds ovate. A middle- 2 H. DENTA'TA (R. Br. in herb. Banks and D. C. prod. 1. p.
sized tree with alternate leaves, and pale, sessile, crowded flowers. 315.) leaves oblong, denticulated.
h. G.
Native of New
Perhaps a congener of Alsòdea ?
Holland near Port Jackson. Flowers yellow.
1 P. SE'ssILIS (Lour. fl. coch. p. 154.). Þ.G. Native on Toothed-leaved Hymenanthera. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1824.
mountains in Cochin-China. Flowers whitish.
Shrub 6 feet.
Sessile-flowered Pentaloba. Tree 20 feet ?
Cult. These shrubs will thrive best in a mixture of loam and
Cult. This tree should be grown in a mixture of loam and peat, and young cuttings will root readily under a bell-glass, if
peat. Young cuttings will root under a bell-glass, if planted planted in sand.
in sand.
XIX. PIPA'REA (from Pipari, the name of the tree in Guiana)
XVII. SPATULA'RIA (from spatula, a spatula ; form of Aubl. guian. 2. suppl. p. 31. t. 386.
petals). St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 491. t. 24.
Lin. syst. Pentándria, or Polyándria, Monogynia. Sepals
LIN. SYST.
Pentándria, Mono-
equal, permanent, at length reflexed at the apex.
FIG. 66.
Petals equal ?
gynia. Calyx small, 5-parted,
Filaments 10-15? awl-shaped, permanent, erect, shorter than
rather unequal (f. 66. c.), deci-
the calyx, smooth, with the same number of appendages, these
duous, Petals 5, elliptical, in-
alternate with the stamens and are oblong and very hairy, all
serted at the base of the calyx (f.
connected together and girding the ovary. Capsule ovate, tri-
66. b.), with long claws, spa-
quetrous, 1-celled, 3-valved. Style filiform ; stigma 3-parted
tulate, rather unequal, deciduous,
(Gært. fil.) Capsule 3-valved, 1-celled, opening laterally from
with the claws conniving into
the top, covered densely on the inside with velvety brown down;
a tube (f. 66. b.). Stamens 5
valves bearing the seeds in the middle, one only in each valve,
(f. 66. a.), inserted in the base
they are globose and velvety (2 of which are generally abor-
of calyx and alternating with the
tive). Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, scarcely stalked,
petals, deciduous ; filaments flat; 5
feather-nerved, furnished with 2 caducous stipulas. Pedicels
anthers drawn out at the apex
very short, 1-flowered, axillary, solitary, or numerous, jointed ?
into a membranous point (f. 66.
Perhaps this genus is truly pentandrous, if so it belongs to
a.) affixed by their base, open-
a
Violarièæ, but if polyandrous it ought perhaps to be placed in
ing lengthwise from the front to
Tiliàceæ.
the sides. Style 1, tapering at
1 P. DENTA'TA (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 31. t. 386.) flowers solitary
the base (f. 66. e.), and denti-
or twin ; leaves elliptical or acuminated, brownish-velvety be-
a
1

DROSERACEÆ. I. DROSERA.
343
neath; capsules acuminated, smoothish. h. S. Native of 2. ALDROVA'NDA. Sepals and petals 5, without appendages.
Cayenne in woods. Alsòdea Pipàrea, Spreng. syst. 1.
p.
807.
Stamens 5. Styles 5, short, filiform. Stigmas obtuse. А
Toothed-leaved Piparea. Shrub 5 feet.
floating water plant, with whorled leaves, having a bladdery com-
2 P. MULTIFLO'RA (Gært. fil. carp. 3. p. 231. t. 224. f. 1.)
flowers numerous; leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth beneath; plicated limb.
capsule rather obtuse, velvety. h. S. Native of Cayenne.
3 ROMANZO'WIA. Sepals 5, connected at the base. Petals 5,
Many-flowered Piparea. Shrub 5 feet.
joined into a 5-cleft deciduous corolla. Stamens 5, inserted at
Cult. For propagation and cultivation see Ceranthèra, p. 342.
the bottom of the tube. A plant with kidney-shaped toothed
leaves.
ORDER XXII. DROSERA'CEÆ (plants agreeing with Dro-
4 By'Blis. Sepals and petals 5, without appendages. Sta-
sera in many important characters). D. C. Theor. 214. prod. .
mens 5. Style 1, filiform. Stigma 2-lobed. A bog plant with
1. p. 317. Drosèreæ, Sal. parad. no. 95.
linear leaves ornamented with glandular hairs.
Calyx of 5 permanent equal sepals (f. 68. c.) imbricate in
5 Rori'dULA. Sepals and petals 5, without appendages. Sta-
the bud. Petals 5, hypogynous, distinct (f. 67. b. f. 68. a.) or
mens 5. Style 1. Stigma 3-lobed. A small bog shrub, with
constituting a gomopetalous corolla, as in Romanzòwia, alternating linear leaves, ciliated with glandular hairs.
with the sepals, usually marcescent. Stamens free, permanent,
6 DrosoPHY'LLUM. Sepals and petals 5, with the claws ap-
sometimes equal in number to the petals (f. 67.), when this is
proximate. Stamens 10. Styles 5, filiform. A small shrub
the case they alternate with them, sometimes double, triple, or
with linear leaves, beset with stipitate glands.
quadruple that number (f. 68.). Anthers 2-celled, birimose.
7 DIONÆ'a. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 68. a.). Stamens 10-20.
Ovary 1, sessile (f. 67. e. f. 68. c.). Styles solitary (f. 68.) 3 (f.
Styles solitary (f. 68.) 3 (f: Style 1 (f. 68.).
Stigma orbicular (f. 68.). A smooth bog
67.6.) 5, sometimes joined at the base, sometimes distinct, divided
plant, with 2-lobed irritable leaves, which are ciliated on the
at the apex (f. 67. b.), rarely simple. Capsule 1-3-celled, 3 (f. 67.
margins.
g.) 5 (f. 68. c.) valved; valves bent inwards more or less at the
8 PARNA'SSIA. Sepals and petals 5. Scales or abortive sta-
edges, and opening from the top, sometimes with a seminiferous
mens 5, these end in glandular bristles. Stigmas 4, sessile.
nerve in the middle of each valve, sometimes only bearing the
Smooth bog herbs with roundish leaves.
seeds at the base of the valves. Seeds disposed in two rows
along the middle nerve, or crowded at the bottom of the capsule ; I. DROʻSERA (from @pooepos, droseros, dewy; because the
they are ovate, shining, naked, or wrapped in a thin follicular plants appear as if covered with dew, in consequence of being
arillus. Albumen cartilaginous or fleshy. Embryo straight,
beset with glandular hairs). Lin. gen. 391.
Lin. gen. 391. Lam. ill. t. 220.
slender, with thickish cotyledons, and an obtuse radicle which is
D. C. prod. 1. p. 317.
LIN. syst. Pentándria, Tri-Pentagynia. Sepals and petals
. SYST
turned towards the hilum. This order contains but a small
5 (f. 67. c), not appendiculated. Stamens 5. Styles 3 f. 67. b.)
group of plants, inhabitants of bogs, marshes, or inundated
6-8, 2 or many-parted. Herbs inhabiting boggy sphagnose places.
grounds; they are remarkable for the abundance of glandular hairs Leaves ornamented with reddish irritable glandular hairs, dis-
with which all parts of the herbs are usually clothed; sometimes, charging from their end a drop of viscid acrid fluid. These
though rarely, the plants are extremely smooth, as in Parnassia.
hairs have been thought irritable, so as to contract when touched,
imprisoning insects somewhat in the manner of Dionæ'a Mus-
They are all perennial evergreen herbs, only 2 of which are in
any
cípula.
way frutescent. The leaves are alternate, the young ones are
always rolled up in a circinnate manner, so remarkable in ferns. Sect. I. Rore'LLA (from ros roris, dew, see Genus). D. C.
The petioles are usually furnished with stipular hairs at the base. prod. 1. p. 317. Ros-sòlis, Tourn. inst. t. 127. Styles sim-
The young peduncles are usually rolled
ple, or 2-3-parted, with the lobes entire and somewhat capitate
in a circinnate man-
up
The flowers are blue, purple, yellow, white, or tinged with
red. The medicinal properties of the plants appear to be trifling ;
§ 1. Acaúles. Stemless. Leaves radical, usually rosulate.
the leaves of all have the power of curdling milk. The order
Scapes naked.
differs from Violarièæ in the styles being seldom solitary, in the
1 D. ACAU’LIS (Thunb. prod. 57.) leaves oblong, obtuse,
leaves being rolled up in a circinnate manner, before expan-
narrowed at the base ; scape very short, 1-flowered. 4. G.
sion not involute. It differs from Polygàleæ in the flowers being
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. ?
Stemless Sun-dew. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1821. Pl. į foot.
regular, not irregular, in the capsules being many-seeded, not 2 D. UNIFLORA (Willd. enum. 340.) leaves roundish, on
1-2-seeded, as well as in the leaves being stipulate, not exsti- short footstalks ; scape short, 1-flowered. 4. F. Native of
pulate It differs from all the neighbouring orders in the re-
the Straits of Magellan. Flowers white or red.
markable habit of plants of which Drósera, Dionaea, and Par-
One-flowered Sun-dew. Fl. Jul. Aug. Pl. | foot.
nássia give a very good idea. It is almost impossible to intro-
3 D. PYGMÆ'A (D. C. prod. 1. p. 317.) leaves roundish, pel-
tate, on long footstalks ; stipulas scarious; scape 1-flowered.
duce seeds in a living state.
O.G. Native of New Holland on an island in the entrance to
Synopsis of the
genera.
Jervis's Bay. D. pusilla, R. Br. ined. but not of Humboldt.
1 Dro'sera. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 67. c.) without appendages.
Pygmy Sun-dew. Pl. 1 inch.
4 D. PAUCIFLO'RA (Banks, herb. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 317.)
Stamens 5. Styles 3 (f. 67. 6.) 5, 2 or many-parted. Bog plants, leaves obovate-oblong, tapering at the base ; scape beset with
ornamented with red irritable glandular hairs.
glandular hairs, 1-2-flowered ; petals thrice as large as the
9
a
at the apex.
ner.
; ܐ
9

344
DROSERACEÆ. 1. DROSERA.
calyx. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers are as well as the calyxes pubescent. O. 4. G. Native of
white or red.
the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers red?
Few-flowered Sun-dew. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1821. Pl. Three-nerved Sun-dew. Pl. 1 foot.
foot.
13 D. CUNEIFO'LIA (Thunb. prod. 57.) leaves obovately-
5 D. PUSILLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 390. wedge-shaped, sessile, reticulately veined ; scape few-flowered,
t. 490. f. 1.) leaves spatulate, glandular, with an obovate limb, and is as well as calyxes pubescent. 2. G. Native of the
upper surface as well as margins beset with hairs, scapes 2-3- Cape of Good Hope. Burch. trav. 1. p. 57. cat. no. 599.
flowered, and are glabrous as well as the calyx; seeds somewhat Flowers red and white.
globose. 4.S. Native in humid sandy places on the banks Wedge-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. foot.
1
of the river Orinoco. D. biflòra, Willd. in Rom. et Schult. 14 Ď. BURMA'NNI (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 50.) leaves spatulately
syst. 6. p.763. Flowers red ? Stipulas palmately-5-parted. wedge-shaped, sessile, reticulately-veined ; scape erect, few-
Small Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. į foot.
flowered, and is as well as calyxes glabrous. 0. 2. S. Native
6 D. TENE'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, l. c. p. 391. t. 490. f. 2. of Ceylon, Coromandel, and perhaps China. Burm. zeyl. t. 94.
Willd. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 763.) leaves spatulate, with f. 2. Flowers white.
an obovate-roundish limb, upper surface as well as margins Burmann's Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. foot.
beset with glandular hairs; scapes capillary, elongated, 2-3- 15 D. SESSILIFLÓRA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. ii. p. 341. t. 19. f.
.
f
flowered, and are glabrous as well as the calyx; seeds oblong. a.) leaves sessile, cuneated, very blunt at the apex, covered to
.,
,
4. S. Native of New Andalusia in alpine situations. Like the middle with glandular hairs, base and under surface naked ;
D. capillàris. Flowers purple ?
stipulas ciliated; scape flat, glabrous ; calyxes clothed with
Pliant Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
glandular pubescence; style 5-parted; stigmas 5-7-parted.
7 D. UMBELLA'TA (Lour. H. coch. ed. Willd. 1. p. 232.) leaves Native of Brazil in marshes near Tapeira and Riachao in the
ovate, on long footstalks; scape naked at the apex, umbellately
,
desert called Certaô-do-Rio-S-Francisco in the province of
5-flowered. 2. G. Native of China. Flowers white.
Minas Geraes. Flowers purple, leaning to one side.
Umbellate-flowered Sun-dew. Pl. 1 foot.
Sessile-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. I foot.
8 D. BREVIFO'LIA (Pursh, A. amer. sept. 1. p. 211.) leaves 16 D. MARITIMA (St. Hil, in mem. mus. ii. p. 346. t. 19. f.
wedge-shaped, on very short footstalks; stipulas scarious, 3-5- b.) leaves spatulate, almost exstipulate ; with a wedge-shaped
cleft; scape 1-4-flowered. O. H. Native in sandy swamps roundish border, upper surface clothed with glandular hairs;
from Carolina to Georgia. Flowers rose-coloured.
margins ciliately jagged; footstalks equal in length to the leaves;
Short-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. June. Pl. 1 inch.
scape short, filiform, terete at the base, but flattened at the
apex,
9 D. PALEA'CEA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 318.) leaves oblong, clothed with glandular down as well as the calyx. 4. S. Na-
stalked ; stipulas scarious, acutely cut at the top ; scape erect, tive of Brazil in the sea-sand near Ararangua at the termination
glabrous, twice as long as the leaves ; flowers in racemes at the of the province of St. Catharine and Rio-Grande-de-St.-Pedro-
top of the scape.
Native of New Holland at King do-Sul, also on a mountain called Pao-de-Assucar on the sea-
-
George's Sound. Flowers red ?
shore in the province of Cisplatine. Flowers purple, leaning to
Chaffy Sun-dew. Pl. į foot.
10 D. TOMENTO'SA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 343.) leaves Sea-side Sun-dew. Fl. Ju. Oct. Pl. 2 inches.
elliptical-oblong, very blunt, on very short footstalks, with the 17 D. SPATHULA'TA (Lab. nov. holl. t. 106. f. 1.) leaves ob-
margin and upper surface beset with glandular hairs, under sur- long-spatulate, tapering somewhat into the footstalk; scape glan-
face villous; stipulas ciliated to the middle; scapes erect, to- dular at the top as well as calyxes ; flowers almost sessile, dis-
mentose, but covered with glandular down at the top; calyxes posed in short racemes. O. 24. G. Native of Van Diemen's
densely clothed with glandular hairs. 4. S. Native of Brazil Land and about Port Jackson. Flowers reddish ?
in marshes on the mountains near Itambe in the province of Spatulate-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. July, August. Pl. foot.
Minas Geraes, at about the height of 2015 feet above the level 18 D. PETIOLA'RIS (R. Br. ined. and D. C. syst. 1. p. 318.)
of the sea.
Hairs on the leaves white, but those on the
scapes leaves orbicular, peltate, on long footstalks ; footstalks, calyx, and
are brown. Flowers purple, all leaning to one side.
scape thickly beset with hairs, which are not glandular. 4. G.
Var. B, glabràta (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 344.) scapes more or less Native in New Holland near Endeavour River Flowers red ?
glabrous. 4. S. Native of Brazil near the village called Mil- Stalked-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. June, Aug.
Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 2 foot.
.
hoverde in that part of the province of Minas Geraes vulgarly 19 D. CAPILLA'RIS (Poir. dict. 6. p. 299.) leaves obovately-
called Distritodos-Diamantes, at about the height of 3700 feet spatulate, on short footstalks ; scape erect, and is as well as
above the level of the sea.
calyxes glabrous. 0. H. Native of Carolina and about Phila-
O.
Tomentose Sun-dew. Pl. I to į foot.
delphia in sandy or gravelly swamps filled with Sphagnum. D.
11 D. HIRTE’LLA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 344.) leaves rotundifolia, Mich. A. bor. amer. 1. p. 186. Pursh, fl. amer.
spatulate, covered with glandular hairs on both surfaces; foot- sept. 1. p. 210. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from the European
stalks one half shorter than the limb of the leaf ; stipulas 3- D. rotundifolia Flowers white.
parted, ciliated ; scape ascending at the base and covered with Capillary Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Pl. } foot.
soft hairs, but with down towards the top ; calyxes clothed with 20 D. MONTA'NA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 2. p. 342.) leaves
glandular hairs. 4. S. Native of Brazil in dried up marshes short, oblong, very blunt, tapering into a very short footstalk at
near the town of Formigas in the province of Minas Geraes, the base, upper surface and margins covered with glandular
and on the mountains called Serra-dos-Pyreneos in the province hairs, under surface pilose ; stipulas linear, jagged to the middle ;
of Goyaz. Flowers purple, leaning to one side.
scapes flat, 3-5-flowered, covered with glandular down as well
Var. B, lutéscens (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 345.) leaves smaller, obo- as the calyxes and pedicels. 4. S. Native of Brazil on the
vate, usually naked on the under surface; hairs on the scape mountains called Serra-do-Papagayo on the southern part of the
manifestly stiffer and yellowish.
province of Minas-Geraes. Flowers red, leaning to one side.
Hairy Sun-dew. Fl. Ju. Jul. Pl. I to foot.
Mountain Sun-dew. Fl. March. Pl. to foot.
12 D. TRINE'RVIA (Spreng. anleit. i. p. 298.) leaves spatu- 21 D. PARVIFOLIA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 345.) leaves
late, wedge-shaped, sessile, 3-nerved; scapes few-flowered, and small, somewhat spatulate or obovate, very blunt, upper surface
O.G.
one side,

DROSERACEÆ. I DROSERA.
345
Flowers purple,
at apex.
and margins clothed with glandular hairs, under surface glabrous; stipulas ovate, ciliated at the apex ; scapes triangular, villous,
petioles villous ; scapes ascending at the base, 2-3-flowered ; simple. 4. S. Native of Brazil on the tops of the mountains
segments of calyx linear, acute, covered with glandular down. called Serra-da-Caraca in the province of Minas Geraes ; at the
4.S. Native of Brazil in argillaceous bogs near the city of height of 6000 feet above the level of the sea.
Joao-del-Rey in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers rose- leaning to one side.
coloured, secund.
Grass-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. Feb. Pl.
Fl. Feb. Pl. foot.
1 /
Small-leaved Sun-dew. Fl.? Pl. 1 foot.
28 D. SPIRA'LIS (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 352.) leaves
22 D. ROTUNDIFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 402.) leaves orbicular, foot- linear, sessile, long, at last spirally twisted; stipulas lanceolate,
stalks hairy, longer than the limb; scapes erect, 4-5-times higher hardly ciliated at the apex : scape flattened, bifid, clothed with
,
than the leaves ; seeds arillate. 2. H. Native in many parts glandular down. 4. S. Native of Brazil on the mountains
of Europe, plentiful in Britain in mossy turfy bogs, generally called Serra-de-Curumatahy at the rivulet called Corgo-Novo in
among sphagnum. The whole disk of the leaf, but especially that part of the province of Minas Geraes called Distritodos-
its margin, is beset with red inflexed hairs, discharging from their Diamantes, at the height of about 3700 feet above the level of
ends a drop of viscid acrid fluid. These hairs have been thought the sea. Flowers purple, leaning to one side.
irritable, so as to contract when touched, imprisoning insects, Spiral-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. July. Pl. foot.
somewhat in the manner of the American Dionæa muscípula. 29 D. FILIFO'RMIS (Raf. in Desf. journ. 1808. 1. p. 227.)
(
Flowers white. Drev. et Hayne, pl. eur. 3. p. 40. t. 74. D. lon- leaves filiform, very long ; footstalks woolly at the base, much
gifòlia, Smith, engl. bot. t. 867. Fl. dan. 1028.
shorter than the leaves ; scapes erect, hardly equal in length to
Var. f, distàchya (D. C. prod. 1. p. 318.) scape bifid, 2-spiked
2
the leaves. 4. F. Native of North America in pine barrens
4. H. Native of Europe and North America. of New Jersey near Tuckerton. Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 211.
Round-leaved or Common Sun-dew. Fl. Jul. Aug. Brit. Pl. 1 ft. D. tenuifolia, Willd. enum. p. 340. An elegant plant with large
23 D. INTERME'DIA (Drev. et Hayne, pl. eur. 3. p. 43. t. 75. purple flowers. Stipulas complicately dissected.
b.) leaves obovate on longer glabrous footstalks; scapes ascend- Filiform-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1811. Pl. 1 ft.
ing, a little higher than the leaves ; seeds exarillate. 4. H. · 30 D. Villo'sa (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 349.) leaves
Native in many parts of Europe, plentiful in Britain along with linear-lanceolate, tapering into the footstalk with the margins
D. rotundifolia in mossy turfy bogs, generally among sphagnum. and upper surface clothed with glandular hairs, under surface
D. longifolia, Lin. spec 403. D. rotundifolia, Smith, engl.
D. rotundifòlia, Smith, engl. villous ; footstalks villous; stipulas 2-parted, ciliately jagged ;
;
bot. 868. Disk and edge of leaves beset with glandular hairs scapes erect, 4-times longer than the leaves ; seeds oblong,
as in D. rotundifolia. Flowers white, often reddish. Styles 6-8. striated, transversely reticulated. 4. S.
4. S. Native of Brazil on
Var. B, corymbosa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 318.) scape bifid, gravelly humid parts of the mountains called Serra-Negra in the
.
branches diverging; flowers in cymose corymbs. 4. H. Na province of Minas Geraes. Flowers purple, leaning to one side.
tive about the Hague.
Villous Sun-dew. Fl. Jan. Feb. Pl. 1 foot.
Var. Y, Americàna (D. C. 1. c.) scape simple ; leaves oblong- 31 D. ASCE'NDENS (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 350.) leaves
obovate. 24. H. Native in swamps filled with sphagnum from linear, rather tapering towards the base, under surface villous,
Canada to Carolina. Pl. i to 1 foot.
upper surface and margins clothed with glandular hairs, even
Intermediate Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. Pl. I to ft. beyond the middle; scapes ascending ; pedicels all bractless ;
24 D. COMMU'NIS (St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. no. 15. in mem. calyxes covered with glandular down. 21. S. Native of Brazil
mus. 11. p. 349.) leaves spatulate with an obovate border, very
.
p
in gravelly humid parts of the mountains called Serra-de-Curu-
blunt, upper surface as well as margins clothed with glandular matahy, on the northern part of the province of Minas Geraes, ,
hairs, under surface rather naked; stipulas capillaceously-many- at the height of about 3700 feet above the level of the sea.
parted ; scapes rather ascending ; calyxes 4-parted, covered Flowers purple, leaning to one side.
with glandular down. 4. S.
4. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers pur- Ascending Sun-dew. Fl. Sept. Pl. ž to 1 foot.
ple. This plant is considered good pasture for sheep in Brazil. 32 D. CAPE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 403.) leaves subradical, oblong-
Common Sun-dew. Pl. I foot.
linear, obtuse, tapering at the base ; footstalks glabrous, shorter
;
25 D. A'NGLICA (Huds. angl. 135.) leaves oblong, obtuse, than the limbs of the leaves ; scape rather ascending, somewhat
narrowed at the base on glabrous footstalks rather longer hairy, longer than the leaves. 2. S. Native of the Cape of
than the leaves; scapes erect, almost twice the length of Good Hope.-Burm. afr. t. 75. f. 1. Flowers purple.
the leaves; seed arillate; styles 8; capsules with 4 valves. Cape Sun-dew. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Pl. foot.
1 / 2
4. H. Native of middle and northern Europe in bogs, in several
parts of Britain. Three miles from Carlisle towards Scotland ;
§ 2. Caulescentes. Caulescent; leaves on the stem.
in Lancashire and Bedfordshire. Abundant on bogs near Small- 33 D. RAMENTA CEA (Burch, cat. no. 7692 and D. C. prod. 1.
burgh House of Industry, Norfolk. In several parts of Scot- p. 318.) stem erect, covered with the old deflexed leaves, leaves
land. Gathered on St. Faith's bogs, Norfolk in 1781. Smith, on the top of the stem, obovate, somewhat rosulate, on ciliated
engl. bot. t. 869. Pet. h. brit, t. 63. f. 12. Flowers white, footstalks which are longer than the limbs of the leaves; stipulas
but often reddish.
n. 4? S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
Var.B, subuniflora (D. C. prod. 1. p. 318.) scape 1-2-flowered. probably red.
21. H. Native on Mount St. Gothard.
Ramentaceous Sun-dew. Pl. 1 foot.
English Sun-dew.
Fl. July, Aug. Britain. Pl. į foot.
1
34 D. hi'LARIS (Schlecht. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 126.) caules-
26 D. LINEA'RIS (Gold. in edin. phil. journ. 1822. p. 325.) cent; leaves rosulately crowded at the apex, spatulate-lanceolate,
leaves linear, obtuse, on very long naked footstalks ; scapes obtuse, beset with glandular pili, with the under surface and pe-
radical; flowers few; calyx glabrous.
Native in tioles villous ; stipulas wanting ; racemes secund, bracteate.
Upper Canada in bogs about Lake Simcoe. Flowers purple ? 4. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers probably red.
Linear-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 ft. Cheerful Sun-dew. Pl. į foot.
27 D. GRAMINIFOLIA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 351.
35 D. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 318.) stem as-
t. 19. f. c.) leaves sessile, linear, long, erect, upper surface and cending ; leaves scattered, obovate, on glabrous footstalks,
margins clothed with glandular hairs, under surface villous ; which are longer than the limbs of the leaves ; stipulas ciliately-
VOL. I. - PART IV.
Y y
--
cut.
4. F.

346
DROSERACEÆ. I. DROSERA, II. ALDROVANDA. III. ROMANZOWIA.
4.
jagged ; flower-bearing peduncles 6-times longer than the leaves. orbicular ; racemes 2-flowered, glabrous, calyxes ciliated. O.S.
2. S. Native of Madagascar. Flower purple ?
Native of New Holland. Flowers rose-coloured ?
Madagascar Sun-dew. Fl. July. Pl. foot.
Menzies's Sun-dew. Fl. Jul. Sept. Pl. } foot.
.
36 D. FOLIO'SA (Ell. sketch. 1. p. 376.) caulescent; leaves
$ § 2. Acaúlis. Stemless; leaves divided, all radical.
oval, crowded, wedge-shaped at the base ; footstalks glabrous,
43 D. BINA'TA (Lab. nov. holl. 1. t. 105.) leaves on long foot-
elongated ; stipulas awl-shaped. 2. F. Native in South Ca-
rolina. Flowers white.
stalks, deeply parted into 2 linear lobes. 2. S. Native of
Van Diemen's Land. Flowers white or reddish. Raceme di-
Leafy Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. a foot.
chotomous.
37 D. CISTIFLO'RA (Lin. amoen. 6. p. 85.) stem erect, simple ;
leaves oblong-linear, sessile; flowers few, on pedicels. 4. S.
Binate-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1823. Pl. Z ft.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Burm. afr. t. 75. f. 2.
44 D. PEDA'TA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 357.) leaves on long foot-
Flowers large, purple ; stamens and pistils black; anthers yel-
stalks, pedately or twice forked; lobes linear. 4. S. Native
low. There are variations of this plant according to Thunberg
of New Holland. D. dichotoma, Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 6.
with white or red flowers spotted at the base.
Flowers large, white.
Var. B, violàcea (D. C. prod. 1. p. 319.) leaves narrower ;
Pedate-leaved Sun-dew. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
.
stem 2-flowered ; flowers violaceous. D. violácea, Willd. enum.
Cult. Drósera is a singular and beautiful genus of plants,
with their leaves ornamented with red glandular hairs, discharg-
1. p. 340.
Rock-rose-flowered Sun-dew. Fl. Ju. July. Pl. I to 1 foot.
ing from their ends a drop of viscid acrid juice. These hairs
38 D. I’NDICA (Lin. spec. 403.) stem branched ; leaves linear, prisoning insects, somewhat in the manner of the Diona' a muscí-
;
have been thought irritable, so as to contract when touched, im-
surrounded by glandular hairs, on glabrous footstalks, which are
scarcely narrower than the leaves ; pedicels and calyxes pube- pula or Venus's fly-trap.
pula or Venus's fly-trap. They all grow in their places of
rulous. 4?
S. Native of Ceylon and Malabar.—Burm. Zeyl.
.
natural growth on mossy turfy bogs; those species, natives of
t. 94. f. 1.-Rheed. mal. 10. t. 20. Flowers reddish.
Europe and America, grow among sphagnum on a peat, gravelly,
This plant is called by the Ceylonese Kandulaessa, from kan-
or sandy soil, particularly the American species on the latter soil.
dula, a tear; because of the leaves being surrounded by glandular They thrive best in cultivation in small pots, which should be
,
hairs, appearing like drops of water or tears.
filled three parts full of peat earth and some sphagnum planted
Indian Sun-dew. Pl. 1 foot.
on it, the plants should be then planted in the moss, and the
pots should be placed in pans of water, or in boxes in the same
Sect. II. ERGA'LEUM (from epyov, ergon, work, and yala,
manner, and even then the hardy species should be placed in
gala, milk? perhaps in allusion to the plants curdling milk, but
the greenhouse, and those species from New Holland and the
this is the case with all the species). D. C. prod. 1. p. 319.
Cape of Good Hope, as well as those natives within the tro-
.
pics, should be placed in the stove. They are all increased by
Styles capillaceously-multifid (f. 67. b.), like a hair pencil.
seeds, which should be allowed to sow themselves, but as the
$1. Caulescéntes. Cauline leaves peltate.
seeds will not vegetate after a voyage, plants of the foreign species
39 D. LUNA'TA (Buch. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 319.) stem
must be introduced in pots or boxes, in the same manner as re-
erect, glabrous; radical leaves roundish-reniform ; cauline ones
commended for growing them.
scattered, stalked, moon-shaped, peltate ; racemes lateral, few-
II. ALDROVA'NDA (in honour of Ulysses Aldrovandus,
flowered ; sepals ovate, acute, beset with glandular hairs on the
an old botanist ; author of Dendrologia Naturalis libri duo, in
margins. 0. G. Native of Upper Nipaul at Suembu. Dró-
1 vol. fol. Bonnoniæ, 1667, once prefect of the botanic garden,
sera peltàta, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 212. Stem flexuous, Boulogne). Monti, act. bon. 2. p. 3. p. 404. t. 12.
p
Lin.
gen.
slender. Flowers beautiful yellow,
390. Lam. ill. t. 220. D. C. prod. 1. p. 319.
Lunated-leaved Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. } foot.
LIN. syst. Pentándria, Pentagynia. Sepals and petals 5,
40 D. PELTA'TA (Smith, in
FIG. 67.
Rees' cycl. no. 5.) stem erect,
not appendiculate. Stamens 5. Styles 5, filiform, short. Stig-
'
d
mas blunt. Capsules globose, 5-valved, 1-celled, 10-seeded.
glabrous; leaves scattered, stalk-
A water plant with whorled leaves, bearing bladders at the tip.
ed, peltate, somewhat triangular ;
1 A. VESICULO'SA (Lin. spec. 402.). 4. H. W. (All.) 0. H.
racemes terminal ; calyxes ciliat-
W. (Savi.) Native of the south of Europe floating in stagnant
ed, with glandular hairs. 4. S.
Native of New Holland in marshy
water. Stems slender, herbaceous, almost simple. Leaves small,
6-9 in a whorl, approximate, narrow, wedge-shaped, bearing 5
ground near Port Jackson.
or 6 threads, each terminated by a bladder. Flowers small, soli-
Smith, exot. bot. t. 41. Lab.
tary, axillary, dirty-white. Anthers yellow. Petals hardly
nov. holl. t. 106. f. 2. Flowers
longer than the calyx. Peduncle 1-flowered, longer than the
large, red. Radical leaves moon-
flower. Fruit globose, the size of a pea. This plant bears its
shaped (f. 67.).
bladders almost in the same manner as Utriculària, but in tufts.
Peltate-leaved Sun-dew. Fl.
Bladdery Aldrovanda. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. floating.
Aug. Sept. Pl. foot.
41 D. BAʼNKSII (R. Br. ined.
G
Cult. This plant should be grown in a marshy situation, or
and D. C. prod. 1. p. 319.) stem
in water in a peat soil ; if planted in pots half filled with some
erectish, glabrous, hairy at the apex between the flowers ; leaves
species of sphagnum, and set in pans of water, it will thrive
well, but when grown in water it should never be above 4 or 8 8
scattered, stalked, peltate, orbicular ; calyxes hairy. O. S.
inches under its surface.
Native of New Holland near Endeavour river. Flowers rose-
coloured ?
III. ? ROMANZO'WIA (in honour of Count Romanzoff,
Banks's Sun-dew. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. I foot.
director of the Russian Admiralty, at whose expense the voyage
42 D. Menzi’ESII (R. Br. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 319.) of Kotzebue round the world was undertaken). Cham. in hor.
stem erectish, flexuous, glabrous, with branchlets rising from phys. berl. 71. t. 14.
phys. berl. 71. t. 14. D.C. prod. 1. p. 319.
.
the axillæ ; younger leaves somewhat fascicled, stalked, peltate, Lin. syst. Pentándria, Digynia.
Pentándria, Digynia. Sepals 5, united at the
7...
O.
7.
e..
SLERY
;

6.
DROSERACEÆ. IV. BYBLIS. V. RORIDULA. VI. DROSOPHYLLUM. VII. DIONÆA. VIII. PARNASSIA.
Byblis.
.
347
base. Petals 5, united into a 5-cleft deciduous corolla. Stamens
a
fore the mode of treatment it may require in our gardens is un-
5, inserted in the bottom of the tube of the corolla. Capsules known. But from the nature of the soil in which it naturally
2-valved, 2-celled, many-seeded. Perhaps this genus more grows, sand, if ever it be introduced we would recommend its
properly belongs to Saxifràgeæ.
being grown in pots filled with sand, so that it might be shel-
1 R. UNALASCHIE'nsis (Cham. 1. c.). 2. F. B. Native of tered during winter. The plant may be probably increased by
moist valleys in the island of Unalaschka. Herb with the habit cuttings or seed.
of Saxifraga or Adóxa. Leaves stalked, roundish, reniform,
VII. DIONÆA (one of the names of Venus). Ellis, nov.
deeply toothed. Flowers whitish, without bracteas, in terminal,
few-flowered racemes.
act. ups. 1. p. 98. t. 8.
98. t. 8. Lin. mant. 151. D. C. prod. 1. p. 320.
Unilaschka Romanzowia. Pl. I foot.
Lin. syst. Decándria or Polyándria, Monogynia. Sepals
Cult. This plant will thrive best in a peat soil in a moist
and petals 5. Stamens 10-20; anthers bursting laterally.
situation ; if planted in pots they should stand in pans of water.
Style 1. Stigma fringed. Capsules 5-valved, 1-celled. Seeds
It may be increased by dividing at the root or by seed.
numerous, half buried in the cellular substance at the base of the
capsule.
IV. BY'BLIS (Byblis in mythology, the daughter of Miletus,
1 D. MUSCIPULA (Lin. mant.
FIG. 68.
who was changed into a fountain ; in allusion to the habitation 238.). 4. S. B. Native of North
of the plant in bogs). Sal. parad. t. 95. D. C. prod. 1. p. 319.
.
America in swamps of North Ca-
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals and petals 5,
SYST
rolina around Wilmington. Vent.
not appendiculate. Stamens 5. Anthers bursting by 2 pores
malm. t. 23. Ker. bot. reg. t. 785.
at the apex, Style 1, filiform. Stigma 2-lobed. Capsule 2- Sims, bot. mag. 785. Delaum. herb.
valved, 2-celled, many-seeded.
w
amat. 343. Herb smooth. Leaves ra-
1 B. LINIFLO'RA (Salisb. l. c.). 2. S. B. Native of New dical, on long footstalks, which are
Holland on bogs. A little simple herb with linear leaves beset dilated at the top into a 2-lobed ir-
with glandular hairs as in Drósera. Flowers blue.
ritable limb, which is beset with one
Flax-flowered Byblis. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1803. Pl. 1 ft.
row of long hairs on the margin,
Cult. This plant should be treated in the same manner as
which fold together when touched
that recommended for the genus Drósera. It should be kept in
in the manner of the teeth of a trap.
the stove. It can only be increased by seeds, which should be
Flowers white, in terminal corymbs.
allowed to sow themselves. Plants should be introduced, as
This is a singular plant in respect
seeds will not vegetate after a voyage.
of its leaves, which are of an ano-
malous form, and have a singular
V. RORI'DULA (a diminutive of ros roris, dew ; because of motion by which they catch insects, whence the specific name
the leaves being beset with glandular hairs, which appear like muscípula, a fly-trap. The root is scaly, almost like a bulb, and
dew). Lin. syst. veg. 244. D. C. prod. 1. p. 320.
1
not prolific in fibres. The leaves have the petiole winged as in
LIN. Syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals and petals 5, the orange; the extreme part or proper leaf is the part that
not appendiculated. Stamens 5; anthers bursting by 2 pores operates as a trap. As soon as the insect enters, the lobes of
at the apex, and each drawn out at the base into a callous ap- the leaf fold together, and remain so as long as the insect con-
pendage. Style 1. Stigma 3-lobed. Capsules 3-celled, 3-
tinues to struggle, but as soon as it ceases and is quiet the leaf
valved. Seeds generally solitary in each cell.
opens and permits it to escape. A straw or pin introduced
1 R. DENTA'TA (Lin. 1. c.). h. G. Native of the Cape of between the lobes of the leaf will have the same effect. Mr.
Good Hope. Lam. ill. t. 141. Leaves linear, crowded, fringed, Ellis thinks it probable that a sweet liquor discharged by the
with the margins beset with glandular hairs. Bracteas leafy.
Bracteas leafy. red glands on the inner surface tempts insects to their destruc-
Flowers white or blueish, in terminal racemes.
tion. “ On the side of each lobe of the leaf stand about three
Var. B, muscicàpa (Gært. fr. 1. t. 62.) growing along with erect, highly irritable bristles, which, when touched, cause the
Petals narrower, white.
two lobes to fold together like a rat-trap, imprisoning insects;
Toothed-leaved Roridula. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
no doubt that their bodies may administer an air wholesome to
Cult. Cultivation and treatment the same as for the green- the plant, which theory and recent observations on Sarracenia,
house species of Drósera.
Drósera, and Nepénthes confirm.” Smith, introd. bot.
VI. DROSOPHY'LLUM (from Spoooc, drosos, dew, pullov,
Venus's Fly-trap. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1768. Pl. 1 to ft.
phyllon, a leaf; in allusion to the leaves being beset with stipi-
Cult. This plant thrives best in small pots in peat earth, and
tate glands, appearing like dew). Link. in Schrad. journ. 1806.
some dwarf species of moss placed underneath in the pot, the pots
1. p. 53.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 320.
should then be placed in a pan of water and set in a cool place
p.
LIN. SYST.
Decándria, Pentagynia. Sepals and petals 5,
near the glass in the stove. Seeds are sometimes produced, by
approximate, unguiculate.
which they may be increased as well as by dividing the plants at
Stamens 10. Styles 5, filiform.
the root.
Capsules 5-valved, 1-celled, with the valves bent inwards to the
Mr. Shepherd of Liverpool finds that the leaves will
middle, so as almost to make the capsule 5-celled.
root, if placed on damp moss, and emit young plants from their
1 D. LUSITA'NICUM (Link. l. c.). 2. h. F. Native on sandy
edges.
hills in Portugal; stem shrubby; leaves linear, entire, beset with VIII. PARNA’SSIA (from Mount Parnassus, the abode of
stipitate glands; panicle corymbose ; flowers large, sulphur- grace and beauty, where, on account of the elegance of their form,
coloured. St. Hil. mem. mus. 2. t. 4. f. 13. Drosera Lusitá- these plants are feigned to have first sprung up). Tourn. inst.
nica, Lin. spec. 403. Spergula droseroìdes, Brot. fl. lus. 2. t. 127. Lin. gen. 384. D. C. prod. 1. p. 320
p. 215.-Mor. hist. 3. p. 620. f. 15. t. 4. f. 4.- Pluk, alm. t. LIN. SYST. Pentándria, Tetragynia. Sepals 5. Petals 5.
117. f. 2.
Scales 5 (perhaps abortive stamens) opposite the claws of the
Portugal Drosophyllum. Fl. Ju. Aug. Subshrub } foot. petals, ending in tufts of bristles which are glandular at the
Cult. This singular plant is called in Portugal Herva Pin- apex.
Stamens 5; anthers behind. Stigmas 4, sessile. Cap-
heira orvalhada. It has not as yet been introduced, there- sules 4-valved, 1-celled; valves with a narrow disse piment in
a
var. a.
-
Y y 2

348
POLYGALEÆ.
DROSERACEÆ, VIII.
VIII. PARNASSIA. PARNASSIA. а
the middle of each. Seeds arillate. Herbs very smooth. nerved; petals linear-oblong ; appendages furnished with nu-
Leaves ovate-cordate, cauline ones usually clasping the stem, or merous glandular bristles ? 2. F. Native of the north-west
sessile. Flowers of all white, striped with green. The tuft of coast of America, round the Arctic Circle, plentiful in Escholtz
glands are yellow.
Bay. Flowers white.
1 P. PALUSTRIS (Lin. spec. 391.) appendages furnished with Kotzebue's Grass of Parnassus. Fl. Jul. Aug. Pl. I to ft.
9-13 glandular bristles; petals almost sessile, somewhat emar- Cult. The species of this beautiful genus thrive best in a
ginate ; radical leaves cordate, cauline ones clasping the stem.
;
peat soil in a moist situation. They may be also grown
in pots,
Native throughout Europe in marshes and bogs, plentiful in which should be placed in pans of water. They may be all in-
Britain in mountainous countries. Smith, engl. bot. t. 82. Mill. creased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seed, which
illustr. t. 15. Curt. f. lond. t. 1. Fl. dan. t. 584. Flowers ripen in plenty.
Flowers ripen in plenty. Plants must be introduced, as seeds do not
elegant, white, marked with greenish pellucid veins. Glands of vegetate after a voyage.
appendages or scales yellow, as well as in all the rest of the species.
Marsh or Common Grass of Parnassus. Fl. Septemb. Oct.
Britain. Pl. z foot.
ORDER XXIII. POLYGA'LEÆ (plants agreeing with Po-
2 P. PARVIFLO'RA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 320.) appendages fur- lýgala in many important characters). Juss. ann. mus. 14.
nished with 5-7 glandular bristles; petals sessile ; radical leaves
p. 386. mem. mus. 1. p. 385. D. C. prod. 1. p. 321.
ovate, cauline ones sessile. 21. H. Native of North America
in Pennsylvania and Virginia in bog meadows. Perhaps P. pa-
Calyx of 5 sepals, which are imbricate in æstivation, the two
lústris, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 208, and also perhaps P. inner ones usually petal-formed (f. 70. a.), the three outer ones
ténuis, Wahl. A. lapp. no. 137. Flowers white, with netted smaller, of these last two are connected. Petals 3-5, hypogy-
veins of green or pale purple.
nous, more or less connected with the staminiferous tube, which
Small-flowered Grass of Parnassus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
is usually cleft in front (f. 70. 6.), rarely distinct. Filaments united
1820. Pl. I foot.
3 P. OVATA (Ledeb. act. petr. 1815. p. 514.) appendages
with the petals (f. 70. b.), monadelphous; these are divided at
furnished with 3 glandular bristles ; radical leaves ovate, cauline
the
top into 2 equal bundles, containing 4 anthers each. Anthers
ones somewhat cordate, clasping the stem. 4. H. Native in 8, 1-celled (f. 71. d.) inserted by the base, opening by a pore at
bogs in eastern Siberia. Flowers white.
the top. Ovary 1, free, 2-celled (f. 69. b.), rarely 1, (f. 70. a.)
Var. B, Belvìsii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 320.) radical leaves 5-7-
nerved, cauline ones ovate. 4. H. Native of North America.
(
3-celled. Style 1, incurved (f. 70. e.). Stigma funnel-shaped
P. ovata, Beauv. ined.
or 2-lobed (f. 70. e.). Pericarp capsular (f. 71. f. f. 69. b.), or
Ovate-leaved Grass of Parnassus. Fl. Jul. Aug. Pl. į to 1 ft. drupaceous (f. 70. d.), 2-celled (f. 69. b.), or only 1-celled from
4. P. CAROLINIA'NA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 184.) append- abortion (f. 70. a.); valves bearing a dissepiment in the middle.
ages furnished with 3 glandular bristles; petals almost sessile ;
Seeds solitary in the cells, pendulous (f. 70. d.), usually with an
radical leaves somewhat orbicular, cauline ones ovate, sessile.
4.H. Native of North America in swamps and mosses from
arillate caruncle at the base (f. 71. f.), sometimes pilose or with
New York to Virginia, and from Carolina to Canada. Sims,
a tuft of hairs (f. 69. c.). Embryo straight, flat. Albumen
bot. mag. t. 1459. Flowers white, netted, with veins of green
thin but rarely wanting, with the endopleura sometimes tumid.
or pale purple, the flowers have a greenish tint.
Herbs or subshrubs, sometimes abounding in cream-coloured
Carolina Grass of Parnassus. Fl
. Jul. Aug. Clt
. 1802. Pl. ft. juice, but more especially in the roots. Leaves entire, for the
5 P. ASARIFO'LIA (Vent, malm. t. 39.) appendages furnished
with 3 glandular bristles; petals unguiculate ; radical leaves
most part alternate, articulated above the stem. Flowers dis-
kidney-shaped, cauline ones somewhat cordate, orbicular. 24.H. posed in racemes. The affinities of this truly natural order
Native of North America on high mountains in Virginia and Ca- are extremely doubtful. The habit of the flowers is refer-
rolina. Flowers white, and are as well as leaves larger than
able to Leguminose and Fumariàceæ. The situation, dispo-
those of the preceding species.
Asarabacca-leaved Grass of Parnassus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
sition, and number of the stamens nearly agree with Fumariàceæ.
1812. Pl. I foot.
But if the sepals are admitted as 5, and the petals 5, and 3
6 P. GRANDIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 320.) appendages fur-
.
of which are supposed to be connected into a keel, Poly-
nished with 3 glandular bristles; petals oblong, sessile ; radical galeæ is more nearly related to Leguminosæ than to any other
leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, 7-nerved, cauline ones somewhat Order.
cordate, orbicular. 4. H. Native of North America at Che-
rokee. Flowers white. Leaves larger than in any other species.
Most of the plants of this order are interesting, and deserving
Great-leaved Grass of Parnassus. Fl. Jul. Aug. Pl.ft.
.
of the attention of gardeners, some for their neatness, some for
7 P. FIMBRIA'TA (Banks, in Koen. ann. 1. p. 391.) appendages their beauty, and some for their use in medicine. They are
palmate, glandless; petals obovate, unguiculated, fringed at the natives of most countries, and are either low herbaceous plants,
base ; radical leaves kidney-shaped, cucullate at the base, many- or shrubs from a dwarf spiny habit, to a tall graceful drooping
nerved, cauline ones cordate. 4. H. Native on the western
coast of North America. Flowers white. The leaves of this
appearance.
The Order is remarkable for the union of the
species are remarkably hollowed out at the base, close to the
stamens into a single body, and in the anthers opening by a pore
lateral ribs, which are connected with one another by a com- at the top, as well as in their irregular flowers; one of the petals
mon base, like the divisions of a pedate leaf, and have conse-
is usually keel-shaped, and beautifully crested or bearded.
quently a very elegant appearance. Hook, bot. misc. part. 1. .
The leaves have a bitter astringent taste, which is much more
t. 23.
Fringed-petalled Grass of Parnassus. Fl. Jul. Aug. Pl. Z ft.
abundant in the roots, combined with an acrid flavour. These
8 P. KOTZEBU'EI (Cham. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 951.) ra- properties are particularly sensible in P. Sénega, which is re-
dical as well as cauline leaves ovate, tapering to both ends, puted a sudorific, diuretic, sialagogue, cathartic, or mild emetic,

POLYGALEÆ. I, POLYGALA.
349
a
a
the top
according to the manner in which it is administered. The 11 SECURIDA'CA. Sepáls 5, 2 inner ones petal-like. Petals
Yelhoi of South America, the root of a species of Monnina, has 5, united at the base, lower one 3-lobed, upper two connivent.
the same properties as P. sénega, and is particularly used as a Stamens 8, united into a tube, which is cleft in front. Cap-
remedy in dysentery, The well known Rattany or Rattanhia sule compressed, indehiscent, l-celled, 1-seeded, ending in a
root of Chili is the produce of Kramèria triándra, and pos- leafy ligulate wing at the
leafy ligulate wing at the apex. Seed hanging from the top of
sesses powerful tonic and astringent qualities. According to the the cell. Albumen wanting.
analysis of a French chymist, it contains gallic acid, but neither 12 CARPOLO'BIA. Sepals 5, 2 lateral ones wing-shaped.
tannin nor resin. The seeds of all retain their vegetative power Petals 5, lower one keel-shaped. Stamens 6, monadelphous.
a considerable time, therefore, in most cases, they may be intro- Berry fleshy, containing a silky 1-seeded legume.
,
duced in a living state.
13 KRAMERIA. Sepals 4, rarely 5, silky outside. Petals 4-5,
2 of which are orbicular (f. 71. b.), the third constantly of 2 or
Synopsis of the Genera.
3 united petals, all unguiculate. Stamens 3-4, free from the
1 Poly’GALA. Sepals 5, permanent, 2 inner ones wing- base. Anthers bursting by 2 pores. Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded,
formed. Petals 3-5, united with the staminiferous tube ; the globose (f. 71. f.), indehiscent, echinated (f. 70. e.).
.
.
lower petal keel-formed. Capsule compressed. Seeds pubes-
cent, with a caruncle at the hilum.
I. POLYÄGALA (from tolv, poly, much, and yala, gala,
2 SALOMO'NIA. Sepals 5, nearly equal. Tube of corolla milk; alluding to the reputed effects of the plant on cattle
cleft longitudinally, with a 3-cleft limb. Keel cucullate. Sta- that feed upon it.) Tourn. inst. t. 79. Lin. gen. no. D. C. prod.
1. p. 321.
mens monadelphous; anthers 4. Capsules compressed, 2-lobed,
LIN. SYST. Monodélphia, Octándria. Sepals 5, permanent, 2
usually serrate-ciliated. Small Asiatic herbs.
inner ones wing-formed, 3 outer ones smalī. Petals 3-5, united
3 Comespe'rma. Sepals 5, deciduous, 2 inner ones wing- with the tube of the stamens, lower petal keel-formed (perhaps
formed. Petals 3-5, united at the base, middle one 3-lobed from 2 petals being constantly joined.) Stamens 8, with the
and bearded (f. 69. a.). Stamens 8, monadelphous at the
filaments connate into a tube at the base, which is cleft in front.
base. Capsule spatulate (f. 69. b.), 2-celled. Seeds with a
Anthers opening by a pore at the apex. Capsules compressed,
elliptical, obovate or obcordate. Seeds pubescent, caruncu-
tuft of long hairs at the hilum (f. 69. c.), and a linear caruncle at
late at the hilum, with the caruncle rarely inappendiculate.
.
Elegant shrubs or herbs. Flowers disposed in terminal or ax-
4 BADIE'RA. Sepals 5, nearly equal, deciduous. Petals 3,
Petals 3, illary racemes.
connected at the base, beardless. Stamens 8, monadelphous. Sect. I. PsychaʼNTHUS (from yuxn, psyche, a butterfly, and
Capsule compressed, obcordate, 2-celled. Seeds furnished with avlos, anthos, a flower ; form of flowers.) Raf. specch. 1. p.
a large oily arillus.
116. D. C. prod. 1. p. 321. Keel amply crested. Capsules
5 Soula'MEA. Sepals 5, 2 inner ones large, concave.
smooth, marginate. Bracteas 3, usually permanent at the base
Petal
of the pedicels. This section consists of elegant shrubs from
1. Stamens 2-6. Capsule indehiscent, compressed, orbicular, the Cape of Good Hope, and one from Arabia. The flowers of
emarginate, 2-celled. Seeds without albumen.
all are purple, usually with a pale crest and keel.
6 MURA’LTIA. Sepals 5, glumaceous, nearly equal. Petals * Leaves opposite. Perhaps all the species in this division are
3, united, middle one bifid ; lobes obtuse. Capsule crowned by
varieties of one.
4 horns or tubercles, 2-valved, 2-celled.
1 P. OPPOSITIFO'LIA (Lin. mant. 259.) leaves opposite, cor-
7 MUN'DIA. Sepals 5, permanent, glumaceous, 2 inner ones
,
date, ovate, acute. h. G. Native on mountains at the Cape
wing-formed. Petals 3, hardly united at the base, the middle
of Good Hope. Very like the following species. Ker. bot.
one cucullate, crested or beardless. Stamens 7-8, monadelphous
reg. 636. Flowers purplish. Keel yellowish-green.
Opposite-leaved Milkwort. Fl. year. Clt. 1790. Sh. 3 to 4 ft.
at the base, with the tube cleft in front. Drupe 2-celled, or from 2 P. CORDIFO'LIA (Thunb. prod. 120.) leaves opposite, cor-
abortion only 1-celled, 1-seeded. Albumen fleshy.
date, acuminated ; anthers bearded at the base ; branchlets
8 Monnina. Flowers resupinate. Sepals 5 (f. 70. a.),
MONNI'NA
terete, glabrous; racemes terminal, subcorymbose. h. G.
deciduous, 2 inner ones wing-formed, 3 outer ovate, 2 of these
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. fruticosa, Berg. cap.
are usually united. Petals 3-5, connate at the base (f. 70. b.),
188. Flowers red or purplish. Keel yellowish-green.
Cordate-leaved Milkwort. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1791.
middle one concave, 3-toothed. Stamens 8 (f. 70. b.), rather Shrub 3 feet.
pilose, united into a tube at the base, which is cleft on one side.
3 P. LATIFÒLIA (Ker. bot. reg. 645.) leaves opposite, almost
Drupe or capsule 2-celled, 2-seeded, or 1-celled, 1-seeded (f. 70.
sessile, cordate-ovate, acuminate, 3-5-nerved, villous beneath, as
c.), girded by a membranous wing or without (f. 70.d.). Seed
well as the branches; corymbs terminal ; anthers bearded at the
base. Þ.G. P. cordifòlia, Sims, bot. mag. 2438. but not of
hanging from the top of the cell (f. 70. d.). Albumen sparing.
.
Thunb. Flowers purplish. Keel yellowish-green.
9 JA'CKIA. Sepals 5, equal, deciduous. Petals 5, middle
,
Broad-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1820. Shrub
one keel-formed. Stamens 8,
Stamens 8, diadelphous. Drupe ovate, con-
3 feet.
taining a 1-seeded nucleus. Albumen none.
4 P. TETRA'GONA (Burch. cat. no. 4639.) leaves opposite-
10 BREDEME'YERA. Sepals 5, 2 inner ones petal-like. Petals
cordate, acuminated ; branches tetragonal, glabrous. F. G.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers large, purplish,
3, middle one keel-formed. Stamens 8, monadelphous. Drupe in terminal racemes. P. cordifolia, var. major, Lindl. bot.
ovate, containing a 2-celled nut.
а
reg. t. 1146,

350
POLYGALEÆ. I. POLYGALA.
h. G.
-
-
Square-branchletted Milkwort. Fl. year. Clt. 1820. Shrub 13 P. UMBELLA'TA (Thunb. prod. 120.) leaves linear-lanceo-
2 to 4 feet.
late, flat; branches hispid; bracteas permanent; flowers few.
5 P. NUMMULA'Ria (Burch. cat. no. 3709.) leaves opposite, 0.? Thunb. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
orbicularly kidney-shaped, cordate at the base, mucronated at Flowers purplish, with a white crest. P. bracteolata & umbellata,
a
the top; branchlets rather terete, glabrous. h. G. Native of D. C. prod. 1. p. 332.—Burm, afr. t. 73. f. 5.
the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish in terminal corym- Umbellate-flowered Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
bose racemes.
14 P. TINCTORIA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 50.) leaves obovate, and
Moneywort-leaved Milkwort. Fl. year. Clt. 1812. Shrub are as well as the branches velvety-villous ; calyxes pubescent.
3 feet.
h. F. Native on the mountains of Arabia Felix. P. brac-
6 P. BORBONIÆFO'LIA (Burch. cat. no. 6861.) leaves opposite, teolàta, Forsk. descr. 213. Flowers purplish, in terminal
cordate, acuminated; branchlets terete, hispid. n. G. Native racemes.
There is a blue dye resembling Indigo obtained from
of the Cape of Good Hope. P. oppositifòlia, Sims, in bot. mag.
this plant.
not of D. C. Flowers purplish, in terminal corymbose racemes. Dyer's Milkwort. Shrub 2 feet.
Borbonia-leaved Milkwort. Fl.
year.
Clt. 1790. Sh. 3 ft. 15 P. PUBIFLO'RA (Burch. cat. no. 6205.) leaves lanceolate,
acuminated, ciliated; branchlets hairy; calyxes pubescent. h.
** Leaves alternate.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish.
7 P. CLUYTIOIDES (Burch. cat. no. 3326.) leaves elliptical, Downy-flowered Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 3 feet.
somewhat mucronated at the apex; branchlets very smooth ; 16 P. BURMA’NNI (D. C. prod. 1. p. 322.) leaves linear,
petals 2-lobed ; lobes acute, very long. Þ.G. Native of the bluntish; branchlets velvety-pubescent; racemes supra-axillary;
;
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish, in terminal racemes. pedicels shorter than the flowers; bracteas deciduous.
Cluytia-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 3 feet.
FI. May, Aug. Shrub 3 feet. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. bracteolàta 8, Lin.-
,
8 P. GRANDIFLORA (Lodd. bot. cab. 1227.) leaves oblong, mu- Burm. afr. t. 73. f. 4. Burch. cat. no. 6437. Flowers purple.
cronate; branchlets pubescent; bracteas equal, permanent. Burmann's Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1800 ? Sh. 3 ft.
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers large, 17 P. AFFI'NIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 322.) leaves linear obtuse ;
purple, in terminal racemose corymbs, with a pale keel and crest. younger ones somewhat villous; branchlets pubescent; racemes
Great-flowered Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Člt. 1820. Sh. 3 ft. opposite the leaves; bracteas small, permanent., þ.G. Na-
9 P. MYRTIFÒLIA (Lin. amoen. 2. p. 138.) leaves obovate or ob- tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish.
long, somewhat mucronated; branchlets clothed with appressed Neighbouring Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 3 feet.
down; bracteas equal, permanent; pedicels shorter than the 18 P. MICROLO'PHA (Burch. cat. no. 3416.) leaves linear,
flowers. N.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pur- mucronated, and are as well as the branches glabrous : racemes
plish, in terminal corymbose racemes, with a pale crest and keel. few-flowered ; pedicels very short; wings of flowers obovate.
Var. a, vèra (D.C. prod. 1. p. 322.) leaves obovate-oblong, h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish,
flat. h.G.-Burm. afr. t. 73. f. 1.-Ker, bot. reg. t. 669. with a small crest.
Var. B, angustifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 322.) leaves oblong. Small-crested-flowered Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. ? Sh. 3 ft.
Þ.G.-Perhaps P. tenuifolia, Link. enum. 2. p. 220.
19 P. SI'MPLEX (Burch. cat. no. 1933.) leaves oblong-wedge-
Var. y, rosmarinifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 322.) leaves oblong- shaped, obtuse, somewhat mucronated, and are as well as simple
7
linear, with revolute margins.
stem glabrous; bracteas deciduous; pedicels spreading ; wings
Myrtle-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1707. Shrub of flower oval. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
3 feet.
Flowers purple in racemes, one-half smaller than those of P.
10 P. LIGULA'RIS (Ker, bot. reg. t. 637.) leaves ligulate- speciosa, which it very much resembles.
linear, rather obtuse, crowded, spreading, glabrous; branches Simple-stemmed Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1816. Shrub
villous; bracteas permanent, equal, and are as well as the 3 to 4 feet.
rachis villous; racemes short, crowded. Þ.G. Native of the 20 P. SPECIO'SA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1780.) lower leaves oblong-
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish, in racemose terminal cuneated, obtuse, mucronated, upper ones linear, and are as
corymbs.
well as the twiggy branches glabrous; bracteas deciduous;
Tongue-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub pedicels spreading wings of flower roundish. ħ. G. Native
2 to 3 feet.
of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker, bot. reg. t. 150. Delaun.
11 P. INTERME'DIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 322.) leaves oblong- herb. amat. t. 193. Sims, bot. mag. t. 621. Flowers purplish
linear, mucronated, with revolute margins; branchlets glabrous; in loose racemes.
bracteas permanent, equal ; pedicels rather longer than the Shewy Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1814. Shrub 6 feet.
flowers; wings of flowers somewhat pointed. h. G. Native 21 P. PEDUNCULA'RIS (Burch. cat. no. 5163.) leaves linear,
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish.
with revolute margins, upper surface scabrous; peduncles rather
Intermediate Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. ? Sh. 2 to 3 ft. stiff, spreading, bearing few flowers at the top, and are as well
12 P. BRACTEOLA'TA (Lin. amoen. 2. p. 137. var. B.) leaves as branchlets angular. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good
linear-lanceolate, flat; branches glabrous; bracteas permanent, Hope.
Hope. Flowers purple, almost like those of P. myrtifolia.
lower one longest ; pedicels rather longer than the flowers; Peduncled Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 3 feet.
wings of flowers pointed. h. G. Native of the Cape of 22 P. TERETIFO'LIA (Thunb. prod. 120.) leaves linear, with
Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. 345. Flowers purple, with a revolute margins, rather terete, furrowed on the under surface,
white crest and green keel, in loose terminal racemes.
glabrous ; branchlets clothed with white velvety down; racemes
Var. a, stricta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 322.) leaves erect, and short, few-flowered. ħ. G. Native of the Cape of Good
branches glabrous.
Hope. P. empetrifòlia, Houtt. hist. nat. 11. D. V. t. 28. f. 1.
Var. B, pátula (D. C. 1. c.) leaves spreading and branches Andr. bot. rep. t. 370. Flowers purplish.
glabrous.
Terete-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1791. Sh. 3 ft.
Var. y, hispida (D. C. 1. c.) leaves erect and branches hispid. 23 P. PINIFÒLIA (Lam. ill. t. 598. f. 2.) leaves linear, with
Large-bracted Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1713. Shrub revolute margins, somewhat terete, furrowed on the under sur-
1 to 3 feet.
face, spreading, stalked, and are as well as the branches gla-
1
.
.

POLYGALEÆ. I. POLYGALA.
351
h
543.).
brous. N.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps 33 P. HISPIDA (Burch. cat. no. 4473.) lower leaves ellip-
sufficiently distinct from P. teretifolia. Leaves twice the length. tical, upper ones somewhat linear, and are as well as branchlets
Flowers purple, in short racemes.
covered with soft bristles ; racemes elongated, pubescent; brac-
Pine-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 ft. teas deciduous, lower one equal in length to the pedicel; wings
24 P. REFRACTA (Burch. cat. no. 4891.) leaves linear, acu- of flower elliptical. h.GNative of the Cape of Good Hope.
minated, spreading, and are glabrous as well as the branches; Flowers purplish?
peduncles lateral, few-flowered, and are refracted as well as the Hispid-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Sep. Shrub 1foot.
pedicels ; bracteas deciduous; wings of flower oval. . G. 34 P. ASBESTI'NA (Burch. cat. no. 2030. trav. 1. p.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish.
leaves obovate, tapering to the base, uppermost ones lanceolate,
Refracted-pedicelled Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 3 ft. mucronated, rather glaucous, and are as well as the branchlets
25 P. MA'CRA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 323.) leaves small, some- somewhat pubescent; peduncles generally 1-flowered, lateral ;
what linear, acute, erect, and are glabrous as well as the wings of flower lanceolate, green. h. G. Native of the Cape
branches ; racemes few-flowered; pedicels shorter than the of Good Hope beyond the Orange river. Flowers white.
flowers; wings of flower oval. B.G. Native of the Cape of Capsules oval, cleft in two lobes at the top. Perhaps belong-
Good Hope in arid places at Breda river. Flowers purple. ing to a separate section.
Lean Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 3 feet.
Asbestus or Cloth Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
.
26 P. ATTENUA'TA (Lodd, bot. cab. 1000.) leaves narrow, 35 P. POLYPHYLLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 324.) leaves oblong,
tapering to both ends, acute, and are smooth as well as the acute at both ends, crowded, rough on the back and margins ;
twigs; racemes elongated; bracteas deciduous; pedicels longer branchlets somewhat puberulous ; pedicels axillary, l-flowered.
than the flowers; wings obtuse. h.G. Native of the Cape of h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Plant with the
Good Hope. Flowers purple.
habit of Múndia. Flowers probably purplish.
Tapering-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1823. Sh. 2 ft. Many-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Sep. Shrub 2 feet.
27 P. GENISTOI'Des (Poir. dict. 5. p. 402.) leaves linear,
acute, few, distant, and are glabrous as well as the twiggy † Species belonging to the present section, but whether the leaves
branches ; racemes elongated ; bracteas deciduous; pedicels at
are opposite or alternate is not mentioned.
length spreading, shorter than the flowers; wings of flower
oval, obtuse. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
36 P. ce'rnuA (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 120.) flowers crested,
Flowers purplish.
racemose; leaves lanceolate, glabrous. Native of the Cape of
Var. B, ephedrożdes (D. C. prod. 1. p. 323.) Burch. cat. no.
Good Hope. Flowers probably purple.
1793. itin. 1. p. 485.) branches scarcely leafy ; racemes loose.
Drooping-flowered Milkwort. Shrub.
Var. Y, spartioèdes (Burch. cat. no. 4449.) branches and
37 P. VIRGA'TA (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 120.) flowers crested,
racemose;
younger leaves hardly pubescent; wings of flower roundish.
leaves obovate-oblong. Native of the Cape of Good
Broom-like Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 ft. Hope.
,
Perhaps P. speciosa of Sims, Flowers purple ?
28 P. GARCI'NI (D. C. prod. 1. p. 323.) leaves linear, almost
Twiggy Milkwort. Shrub.
awl-shaped, rather distant, and are glabrous as well as the
38 P. AME'NA (Thunb. prod. 120.) flowers crested, lateral ;
twiggy branches ; racemes elongated; pedicels hardly twice the
leaves obovate-oblong, glabrous.—Native of the Cape of Good
length of the bracteas ; wings of flower oval, obtuse.
Hope. Flowers probably white. P. asbestina of Burchell?
Pleasant Milkwort. Shrub.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. P. bracteolata Lin.
amon. 2. p. 137.-Burm. afr. t. 73. f. 3. Burch. trav. 1. p.
39 P. TOMENTO'SA (Thunb. prod. p. 120.) flowers crested in
19.37. Flowers purplish.
whorls ; leaves cordate, downy on the under surface.-Native
Garcin's Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 3 feet.
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple ?
Tomentose-leaved Milkwort. Shrub.
29 P. ERICIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 323.) leaves linear, erect,
crowded, acute, glabrous, upper ones ciliated; pedicels some-
what umbellate, longer than the flowers; wings of flower oval, Sect. II. POLY'GALON (see genus for derivation.) D. C. prod.
mucronated. ħ. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 1. p. 324. Keel of flower crested. Capsules smooth. Bracteas
Burch. cat. no. 5514. Flowers purplish.
three, situated at the base of the pedicels, deciduous. Elegant
Heath-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 3 feet. herbs and subshrubs. Native of Europe and the temperate parts
30 P. PU'NGENS (Burch. cat. no. 1598. trav. 1. p. 304.) leaves of Asia.
linear, acutish, narrow, few ; branchlets divaricating, glaucous, 40 P. TENUIFO'LIA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 879.) leaves linear,
rigid, spinescent at the top; racemes 2-4-flowered.
h. G.
mucronated, and are as well as erect stem glabrous ; racemes
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers with a purple elongated, loose, almost bractless ; wings of flower oval-oblong,
crest and white wings, veined with green. Capsules obcordate. acute. 21. H. Native on the mountains of Siberia Flowers
Pungent-branched Milkwort. Fl. May, Sept. Shrub 1; ft. flesh-coloured and blue.
31 P. RIGENS (Burch. cat. no. 1821. trav. 1. p. 465.) leaves Thin-leaved Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
linear-oblong, channelled, obtuse, furnished at the top with a 41 P. SIBERICA (Lin. spec. 987.) leaves lanceolate, lower ones
somewhat recurved point, and are pubescent as well as the ovate, glabrous, younger ones somewhat puberulous; racemes
younger branches; racemes few-flowered; wings of flower a loose, few-flowered ; bracteas soon falling off; wings of calyx
little ciliated. ħ. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. elliptical, mucronated. 4. H. Native on mountains in Siberia.
Flowers purplish ?
-Gmel. sib. 4. p. 64. t. 32. f. 1. Flowers intense blue.
Stiff Milkwort. Fl. May, Sep. ? Shrub 1 foot.
Siberian Milkwort. Fl. May, July? Pl. & foot.
32 P. LEPTOPHY’LLA (Burch. cat. no. 2380. trav. 1. p. 400.) 42 P. JAPO'NICA (Houtt. syst. 8. t. 62. f. 1.) leaves glabrous,
leaves linear, erect, acutish, and are as well as younger branches lower ones roundish, upper ones ovate, acute; stem erect;
rather pubescent; racemes loose ; bracteas small, deciduous; racemes lateral, somewhat corymbose ; calyx spreading : wings
wings of flower elliptical. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good
of calyx oblong. 4. G. Native of Japan. P. vulgaris, Thunb.
Hope. Flowers purplish ?
jap. 277. Flowers blue.
Šlender-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 2 feet. Japan Milkwort. Pl. į foot.
1
h.G.
7,
;

352
POLYGALEÆ. I. POLYGALA.
-
a
43 P. DENSIFLO'RA (Blum. bijdr. fl. ind. ned. ex Schlecht. of Italy, Austria, Greece, and the Levant, in mountainous mea-
Linnæa 1. p. 466.) leaves linear-lanceolate, mucronate, with dows. Flowers rose-purple, double the size of those of P.
ciliated revolute margins, lower ones obovate ; racemes supra- vulgàris.--Buxb. cent. 8. p. 40. t. 70. f. 1.
axillary, short, dense; wings of calyx falcate, longer than the Larger-perennial Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. Pl.
orbicular capsule. h.s. Native of Java. Flowers red? ?
1 foot.
Dense-flowered Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot ?
54 P. THURINGI' ACA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 166.) stem ascend-
44 P. SAXA'TILIS (Desf. atl. 2. p. 128. t. 175.) leaves oblong- ing, lower leaves spatulate; wings obovate, shorter than the
lanceolate, mucronated ; stems shrubby at the base, decumbent; corolla, but equal in length to the capsule. 4. H. Native of
.
racemes extra-axillary, few-flowered ; wings of calyx elliptical. Thuringia and Italy. P. buxifòlia, Reichb. Flowers blue or
h.F. Native of Mauritania, Spain, and south of France, on purple.
rocks. Flowers blue or purple.
Thuringian Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. I foot. .
Stone Milkwort. Fl. May, June. Pl. I foot.
55 P. OXY'PTERA (Reichb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 166.) stem
45 P. Oxcycoccoi'des (Desf. atl. t. 174.) leaves elliptical, ascending ; leaves lanceolate; wings acute, shorter than the
thickish ; stem shrubby, decumbent ; racemes lateral, short, few- corolla, and equal in length to the broad capsule. 24. H. Na-
flowered ; wings of calyx ovate. h. F. Native of the north of
.
tive of Germany and Denmark. P. vulgàris, Fl. dan. t. 516.
Africa in the fissures of rocks. Flowers blue or purple ? Flowers blue and purple.
Cranberry-like Milkwort. Fl. May, July. Shrub decumbent Sharp-winged Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to ] foot.
å to foot long.
56 P. FLAVE'SCENS (D.C. cat. hort, monsp. 134.) leaves linear,
46 P. SUPI'NA (Schreb. dec. t. 10.) leaves obovate, somewhat rather lanceolate, acute; stems ascending ; wings of calyx ellip-
retuse; stem shrubby, trailing ; racemes subterminal, 7-9- tical, acute at both ends, longer than the corolla and capsule.
flowered; wings of calyx oval, somewhat 3-nerved, longer 4. H. Native on the Appenines.-Seb. pl. rom. fasc. 1. t. 1.
than the corolla. ħ. F. Native of Armenia and Tauria in Flowers yellowish.
gravelly places. P. andrachnoides, Willd.-Buxb. cent. t. 70. Yellowish-flowered Milkwort. Pl. į foot.
f. 2. Flowers either blue or purple.
57 P. VULGA'RIS (Lin. spec. 986.) leaves linear-lanceolate,
Trailing Milkwort. Shrub trailing,
bluntish ; stems ascending; wings of calyx elliptical, bluntish, a
47 P. ADSCE'NDENS (Clark. in Spreng. new entd. 3.
P.
165.) little longer than the capsule, but somewhat equal in length or
leaves oblong, tapering at the base, lower ones obovate, some- shorter than the corolla ; ovary almost sessile. 2. H. Native
what villous ; stem shrubby at the base, ascending; racemes on gravelly heathy pastures and woods throughout Europe,
few-flowered ; wings of calyx oblong, obtuse, one-half shorter plentiful in Britain. Flowers either blue, red, purple, white, or
than the corolla ; ovary sessile. ħ.
F. Native in the island of yellowish.
Cos. Flowers blue?
Var. a, vèra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stems erectish, lower
Ascending-stemmed Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot.
leaves obovate, obtuse, upper ones linear, acute. Smith, engl.
48 P. VENULO'SA (Sibth. et Smith, prod. fl. græc. 2. p. 52.) bot. t. 76.
.
bot. t. 76. Vaill. par. 160, 161. t. 32. f.1.
leaves elliptical-lanceolate; stem ascending ; racemes subter- Var. B, pubescens (D. C. 1. c.) stems decumbent, and are as
minal ; wings of calyx oblong, 3-nerved, transversely veined, well as leaves pubescent. Rohd. journ. bot. 2. p. 359.
one-half shorter than the corolla. 4. F. Native in the islands Var. 8, Verviàna (Lej. fl. spa. 2. p. 92.) stems ascending ;
of the Archipelago. Flowers blush-coloured, with a white leaves lanceolate-linear; flowers white.
crest; the petals nearly twice as long as the wings.
Var. ε, acutifolia (D. C. 1. c.) stems erect; leaves linear;
Veiny-winged Milkwort. Pl. I foot.
flowers middle-sized, blue.
49 P. STRAMI'NEA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append. p. Var. 5, angustifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stems erect;
265.) stem erect, a little branched ; leaves lanceolate-linear, leaves linear; flowers middle-sized, rose-coloured. P. Mons-
acuminate; bracteas deciduous; wings ovate-elliptical, 3-nerved, peliaca, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 388 ?
p
twice the length of the corolla. 4. F. Native of Sicily. Var. k, grandiflora (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stems erect;
(
Flowers straw-coloured.
leaves linear ; flowers large, rose-coloured. P. Monspelìaca,
Straw-coloured-flowered Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
All. pedm. no. 1087.
50 P. ELONGATA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append. p. 265.) The Polygala vulgàris, like the rest of the European species,
stem ascending ; leaves serrulated, lower ones obovate, upper is bitter, and when given in infusion promotes expectoration, and
ones oblong; wings of calyx elliptical, shorter than the corolla. is good for a catarrhous cough. - Duhamel used it in pleuritic
2. H. Native of Sicily.
cases with effect. Linnæus found the plant to possess the same
Elongated Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
properties as P. Sénega, but in an inferior degree. The pow-
51 P. MULTICAU'LIS (Tauch. in flor. 1821. p. 563.) flowers dered root may be given in doses of half a drachm. Foreigners
crested; racemes lax, few-flowered; wings of calyx elliptical, celebrate it as a grateful and nutritious food for cattle. Accord-
acute, shorter than the corolla, deeply 3-nerved, with veiny ing to the Swedish experiments, kine, sheep, and goats eat it, but
,
,
margins; stems filiform, much branched, trailing ; leaves linear swine refuse it.
lanceolate, acute. 4. H. Native of Switzerland. Flowers Common Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. I to ft.
.
.
blue.
58 P. COMO'SA (Schkuhr, handb. t. 194.) stem erect; lower
Many-stemmed Milkwort. Pl. I foot.
leaves scattered, obovate, the rest linear; bracteas longer than
52 P. RO'SEA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 128. t. 176.) lower leaves ob- the flower; wings elliptical, longer than the capsule and co-
long, obtuse, upper ones lanceolate; stem erect, shrubby at the rolla. Þ.H. Ñative of Germany. P. vulgàris var. Y, elàta,
base ; wings of calyx oval, many-nerved, a little shorter than D. C. prod. 1. p. 325. Flowers purple or blue.
the corolla; ovary on a very short stipe. h. F. Native of the Tufted Milkwort. Fl. May, July. Pl. foot.
north of Africa near Tlemsen. Flowers rose-coloured, large. 59 P. AUSTRI'ACA (Crantz. aust. t. 2. f. 4.) stem ascending ;
Rose-coloured-flowered Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot.
lower leaves obovate, oblong; wings 3-nerved, elliptical, equal
53 P. MA'JCR (Jacq. austr. t. 413.) leaves linear-lanceolate, in length to the corolla, shorter than the capsule. 4. H. Na-
acute; stems erect; wings of calyx ovate, many-nerved, a little tive of Germany, south of France, and Volhynia. Wings of
longer than the corolla ; ovary on a long stipe. 4. H. Native flower greenish after flowering. P. decípiens, Bess. cont. 2. p.
a
4

POLYGALEÆ, I. POLYGALA.
353
73. V. amára, fl. Lith. P. uliginosa, Rchb. Flowers blue, or corolla, 3-nerved, obsoletely veined. 2. F. Native in the
purple, or white. Plant very bitter.
island of Cyprus, and at Gibraltar. Flowers white, small.
Austrian Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. Pl. 1 to foot. Chaffy Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. I foot.
60 P. ALPE'stris (Reichb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 166.) stem 67 P. DI'SCOLOR (Hamilt. in herb. Lamb. D. Don, prod. fi.
ascending, lower leaves obovate-oblong; wings obtuse, longer nep. 199.) spike many-flowered; wings spatulate ; stem erect,
than the corolla, but equal in length with the broad capsule. 4. simple; lower leaves obovate or elliptical, reddish beneath,
H. Native of Switzerland, France, Austria, and Volhynia, on upper ones linear-lanceolate, mucronate. O. H. Native of
the Alps. P. amara, Jacq. austr. t. 412. P. Vaillanti, Bess. cont. Upper Nipaul. P. leptostachya, D. C. in herb. Lamb, P. leptà-
2. p. 73.—Vaill
. par. t. 32. f. 3. Perhaps P. hybrida, no. 62.
p
lea and P. oligophylla, D. C. prod. 1. p. 325. Flowers small,
Flowers blue.
pendulous.
Alp Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
Two-coloured-leaved Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
-
61 P. AMA'RA (Lin. spec. 987.) radical leaves obovate, very
of Species not sufficiently known, but evidently belonging to
blunt, cauline ones linear; stems erectish ; wings of calyx ellip-
section Polygalon.
tical, equalling the corolla in length; capsules almost orbicular.
4. H. Native of mountainous pastures of Europe, particularly
68 P. ELONGA'TA (Klein. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 879.) flowers
.
Germany, Switzerland, France, and Austria. Flowers blue.
crested ; racemes axillary, elongated; stem branching from the
Var. B? cæspitosa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) flowers blue; stems
base ; leaves linear, obtuse, mucronated, with rather ciliated
tufted, procumbent; leaves linear, upper ones approximating the
margins. 0. S. Native of the East Indies near Hydrabad.
flowers. P. rèpens, Merat.—Sims, bot. mag. 2437.
Elongated-racemed Milkwort. Pl. { foot.
1 /
Var. Y, alpina (Poir. dict. 5. p. 488.) flowers few, blue ;
69 P. LONGIFOLIA (Poir. dict. 5. p. 501.) flowers crested;
stems tufted, procumbent, very short; lower leaves obovate.
racemes spike-formed; wing of flower oblong ; stem almost
Var. ε, obtusifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) flowers blue;
simple; leaves very long, grassy, upper ones filiform. O.S.
stems tufted, procumbent, lower leaves obovate, very blunt.
Native of Java.
Probably the same qualities as are ascribed to P. Sénega may
Long-leaved Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 4 foot.
reside in this, and it might be used as a succedaneum for it.
70 P. TRANQUEBA'RICA (Mart. ex Goet. anz. 1817. p. 159.)
Gesner asserts, that an infusion of it is a safe cathartic.
flowers crested; racemes few-flowered, lateral ; leaves linear,
A tincture of 4 ounces of it, in a pint of Canary wine is ex-
mucronated ; stems herbaceous, branched. O.S. Native on
tremely bitter, and of a brownish colour. It is employed in the
the shores of Tranquebar and Coromandel.
pleurisy, in malignant and milk fevers, and in phthisis pulmo-
Tranquebar Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
nalis. A drachm of the root in powder is given as a dose; or an
71 P. MA'RTII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 332.) flowers crested ;
ounce of it is boiled in a pint and a half of water to a pint, and
racemes lateral ; leaves lanceolate-linear, bluntish; stems pro-
drank with milk. The stiraulating and resolving principles are
cumbent, herbaceous. O ? S. Native of the East Indies. P. pu-
stronger in P. Sénega, but this seems to abound more in balsamic
béscens, Mart. ex Goet. anz. 1817. p. 159. but not of Nutt.
resin. It is more efficacious than P. vulgàris, but that
Martius's Milkwort. Pl. 4 foot.
may
be
72 P. VARIANS (Mart. I. c.) flowers crested; racemes axil-
owing in a great measure to its mountainous or subalpine situa-
tion. (Mart. Mill.)
lary; lower leaves obcordate or ovate, upper ones lanceolate;
Bitter Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1775. Pl. 1 foot.
stem herbaceous, branched, procumbent; peduncles hairy. O? S.
62 P. Hy'BRIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stem glabrous,
Native of Bengal.
erectish, simple, lower leaves oblong, the rest linear; wings of
Varying Milkwort. Pl. foot.
calyx oblong, longer than the corolla. 4. F. Native of the
73 P. UMBRO'SA (Mart. 1. c.) flowers crested; racemes axillary ;
Ural deserts in Siberia. This plant is intermediate between the
leaves oblong, acutish, tapering to the base. O ?S. Native of
Bengal.
two preceding species. Flowers blue.
Shaded Milkwort.
Hybrid Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. to foot.
Pl. į foot.
63 P. Podo’lica (D). C. prod. 1. p. 325.) stem erectish, gla- wings cordate-orbicular; racemes axillary ; leaves obovate,
D.
74 P. MACROPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 332.) flowers crested
brous, simple ; leaves linear, acute; bracteas awl-shaped, twice
the length of the flower ; wings of calyx oblong, 1-nerved,
emarginated. h.S. Native of Madagascar.–Vouhe Flac. mad.
equal in length to the corolla (white, with a green line on the
p. 136, no. 94. icon.
middle). 2. H. Native of southern Podolia. Flowers blue ? Large-leaved Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot ?
Podolian Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot,
75 P. RARIFOʻLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 332.) flowers crested ;
64 P. MONSPELIACA (Lin, spec. 987.) stem erect, glabrous, wings of flower obovate, longer than the elliptical capsule ; leaves
almost simple ; leaves linear, acuminated; wings of calyx oblong,
linear, acute ; stem suffruticose, erect, furrowed, twiggy. 4.
.
S-nerved, acute at both ends. O. H. Native on sterile places
ħ.S. Native of Sierra Leone in low grassy places. Flowers
about the Mediterranean and the south of France, D. C. icon.
blue. Perhaps belonging to a proper section. This plant has
rar. 1. p. 3. t. 9. Flowers pale rose-coloured or greenish, very
the habit of a species of Genésta.
small.
Rare-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Feb. May. Shrub 1 to 1į foot.
Montpelier Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. I ft. Sect. III. BLEPHARI'DIUM (from Bleqapıs, blepharis, an eye-
65 P. EXILIS (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 133.) stem erect,
lash, and εdos, eidos, similar, in allusion to the ciliary margins of
glabrous, much branched ; leaves linear, thickish; wings of the capsule.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 326. Keel of corolla crested.
calyx oval, obtuse, 1-nerved, length of capsule ; raceme loose. Capsules emarginate at the apex, with ciliated margins. Racemes
O. H. Native in the south of France and Spain. P. linearis, short, lateral. Bracteas 3, small, situated at the base of each
Lag. P. nòva, Boiss. fl. eur. 1. p. 474. f. i. Flowers rose- pedicel. Small much branched herbs, natives of India, Egypt,
coloured or blue.
and Guinea. Flowers pale-red and greenish.
Slender Milkwort. Fl. July. Pl. foot.
1 / 1
76 P. TELEPHIOI'DES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 876.) flowers crested;
66 P. GLUMACEA (Smith, prod. fl. græc. 2. p. 52. fl. græc. t. racemes axillary, twice as long as the leaves; stem simple, erect;
670.) stem somewhat erect; leaves lanceolate-linear, acumi- leaves oblong, obtuse, tapering to the base. O.S. Native of
nated; wings of calyx elliptical-lanceolate, twice as long as the the East Indies. Flowers green. Capsule ciliated,
VOL. 1.-PART IV.
Z z

354
POLYGALEÆ. I. POLYGALA.
Orpine-like Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
rather downy; leaves linear, glabrous ; racemes 3-5-flowered ;
77 P. ERIO'PTERA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 326.) stems ascending, wings of calyx oval, acuminated, somewhat falcate, a little longer
branched, pubescent-velvety at the apex ; leaves linear, acutish, than the emarginate ciliated capsule.-Native of the East Indies.
glabrous; racemes 4-5-flowered; wings of calyx elliptical, pu- Flowers greenish ?
bescent, longer than the oblong velvety capsule. 2. S. Na- Short-spiked Milkwort. Pl. I foot.
tive of Senegal and Egypt. P. paniculata, Forsk. fl. arab. no. 88 P. LEPTORHIZA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 326.) stem branched
429? Flowers pale-red?
from the base, diffuse, somewhat downy ; leaves linear, pubes-
Woolly-winged Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
cent; racemes 7-8-flowered ; wings of calyx elliptical, obtuse, a
78 P. OBTUSA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 326.) stems diffuse, little longer than the oval, emarginated, ciliated capsule. O.S.
twiggy, glabrous; leaves linear, very obtuse; racemes 2-6- Native of ? Flowers greenish ?
flowered; wings of calyx oblong, obtuse, glabrous, somewhat Slender-rooted Milkwort. Pl. foot.
ciliated, longer than the capsule, which is rather pubescent. 89 P. PERSICARIÆFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 326.) stem erect,
2. G. Native of Arabia and Egypt.
forked at the top and rather hairy ; leaves lanceolate, bluntish,
Obtuse-winged Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
pilose; racemes 10-15-flowered, rising from the fork of the
79 P. LINARIFOLIA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 877.) stem erect, stem; wings of calyx obovate, longer than the obcordate
twiggy, branched, pubescent; leaves linear, straight; racemes ciliated capsule. 0. G. Native of Nipaul. P. Buchanani,
6-8-flowered; wings of calyx oval-oblong, acute; capsules ob- D. Don, prod. p. 199. Flowers drooping, red. Capsule naked
cordate, ciliated. 2 ? ? S. Native of the islands of Min- with a membranous margin. (D. Don.) Seeds very villous.
danao and Samboagang. Flowers reflexed.
Persicaria-leaved Milkwort. Pl. foot.
|
Toad-Flax-leaved Milkwort. Pl. 14 foot.
90 P. CROTALARIOIDES (Hamilt. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p.
80 P. PROCU’MBENS (Roth. nov. spec. p. 329.) stem procum- 327.) stem branched from the base, somewhat shrubby, decum-
bent, pilose; leaves oblong-oval, obtuse, somewhat mucronated, bent, pilose ; leaves obovate, wedge-shaped ; racemes short, 8-
,
ciliated, glabrous; racemes axillary, short, few-flowered ; wings 10-flowered, opposite the leaves ; wings of calyx orbicular,
of calyx acuminated ; capsules emarginate, edged with hairs. equal in length to the capsule, which is rather orbicular and
ħ? S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers purple.
ciliated ; lobes of the lateral petals oblong, 1-toothed at the base.
Var. B, angustifolia (Roth. 1. c.) leaves longer and narrower 2 ? G. Native of Nipaul. Bracteas permanent, acute. Flowers
than in variety a.
red or greenish.
Procumbent Milkwort. Pl. procumbent.
Crotalaria-like Milkwort. Pl. į foot.
81 P. GLOMERA'TA (Lour. Al. coch. 426.) stem somewhat erect, 91 P. JAVA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 327.) stem branched from
branched, pubescent; leaves obovate-oblong; racemes dense, 7- the base, suffruticose, diffuse ; leaves obovately-cuneated, stalk-
8-flowered ; wings of calyx oval, acuminated ; corolla generally ed; racemes 7-8-flowered, length of leaves; wings of flower
3-petalled ; capsules orbicular, 21. h. G. Native of China ovate-roundish, villous, a little longer than the capsule, which
near Canton. Flowers white.
is rather orbicular and pubescent. n. S. Native of Java.
Glomerated-flowered Milkwort. Pl. à foot.
Perhaps belonging to this section.
82 P. GLAUCOIDES (Lin. spec. 991.) stems diffuse, somewhat Java Milkwort. Shrub
Shrub 4 foot.
pubescent; leaves oval-oblong, on short stalks, glabrous,
glaucous; racemes 7-8-flowered ; wings of calyx oval, acute;
Sect. IV. CLINCLI’NIA (from Clinclin, the Peruvian name of
capsules obovate, emarginate, somewhat ciliated. 2. S. Na-
P. thesioìdes.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 327. Keel of flower crested.
tive of Ceylon. Flowers white.
Wings oblong. Capsules glabrous, marginated and emarginated
Glaux-like Milkwort. Pl. 2 inches.
at the apex, as well as somewhat toothed on both sides at the top.
83 P. ARENA'RIA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 880.) stem procum-
American herbs or subshrubs, but one from Nipaul.
bent ; leaves oblong, stalked ; racemes ovate-globose, on short
92 P. THESIOIDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 877.) stems many,
peduncles; wings of calyx obovate, downy; capsules oval, emar-
erect; leaves oblong-linear, crowded; racemes 8-12-flowered ;
ginate, ciliated.
O.S. Native of Guinea. Flowers reflexed.
capsules somewhat 2-horned at the apex. 4. S. Native of
Sand Milkwort. Pl. procumbent į foot.
Chili and Peru. Clínclin, Feuill. obs. 2. t. 13. Flowers blue.
84 P. SERPYLLIFOʻLIA (Poir. dict. 5. p. 499.) stems branched
Thesium-like Milkwort. Pl. I foot.
from the base, pubescent, lateral ones procumbent; leaves oblong,
93 P. GNIDIOI'DES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 878.) stems diffuse,
obtuse, on very short footstalks ; racemes 4-5-flowered; wings sules somewhat emarginate. 4.S. Native in Chili and Peru.
branched ; leaves linear, bluntish; racemes 6-10-flowered ; cap-
;
of calyx oval, acute; capsules ovate, immarginate, ciliated.
4 ? S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers rose-coloured.
Flowers greenish.
Wild-thyme-leaved Milkwort. Pl. procumbent.
Gnidia-like Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
85 P. ARVE'NSIS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 876.) stem branched
94 P. CAPILLIFOʻLIA (Desf. herb. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 327.)
from the base, procumbent; leaves obovate, mucronated ;
stems erect, hardly branched; racemes slender ; leaves capil-
O.G. Native
racemes 7-8-flowered ; bracteas permanent, almost the length of lary; wings of calyx obovate ; capsules bifid.
the pedicels; wings of calyx oblong, scarcely longer than the
of? Perhaps belonging to this section? Flowers red ?
ovate, emarginated, ciliated capsule. O.Š. Native of the
Hair-leaved Milkwort. Pl. 4 foot.
East Indies. Flowers small, green.
95 P. ARILLA'TA (Hamilt. mss. D. Don. prod. 1. p. 200.)
Corn-field Milkwort. Pl. procumbent.
leaves elliptical, oblong, acuminated, underneath as well as the
86 P. VAHLIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 326.) stem erect, pubes-
branches pubescent; racemes opposite the leaves; wings of
cent; leaves obovate, mucronated, rather villous, upper ones
calyx obovate-oblong; stigma bidendate ; capsule rather bac-
oblong; racemes 3-5-flowered; wings of flower elliptical,
cate, with a winged margin. h. F. Native of Nipaul at Na-
scarcely longer than the capsule, which is ovate, emarginated, rainhetty.
Habit of Monnina polystàchya. Flowers large,
and ciliated.O.S. Native of the East Indies. P. tomentosa,
shewy, red, nodding. Capsule subbaccate, compressed, ribbed with
Vahl. but not of Thunb. Flowers greenish.
a winged margin, 2-celled. Seeds large, covered with an arillus.
Vahl's Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
Arillate-seeded Milkwort. Fl. Aug. Shrub 1 foot.
87 P. BRACHYSTA'CHYA (D, C. prod. 1. p. 327.) stem diffuse, Sect. V. TIMUTUA (from Timoutou, the name of a place in
•
p

POLYGALEÆ. I. POLYGALA.
355
.
Cayenne). D. C. prod. 1. p. 327. Keel of flower crested stem elongated, somewhat branched. O. S. Native in New
(crest sometimes very minute). Capsules glabrous, oval-oblong, Andalusia and New Granada. Plant smooth. Wings of flower
hardly emarginate. Racemes sometimes elongated, sometimes rose-coloured. Seeds conical, covered with retrograde silky hairs.
crowded, forming a dense spike. Flowers small, lower ones Long-stemmed Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1. foot.
soon falling off. Leaves alternate or in whorls. American 104 P. ADENOPHORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 327.) racemes oblong,
herbs or small shrubs. The character given by M. Anguste St. spike-formed ; wings of calyx as well as capsules glandular;
Hilaire to this section is as follows: Style 4-lobed ; lobes nearly leaves scattered, few, awi-shaped ; stem erect, somewhat
equal, or very unequal, upper lobe bearded or appendiculate, branched. O. S. Native in dry pastures of Guiana. P. in-
lower one gland-formed. Caruncle of seed very minute or with carnàta, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 739. exclusive of the synonymes.
2 small api
appendages.
Flowers flesh-coloured.
96 P. TRICHOSPE'RMA (Lin. mant. 259.) racemes ovate, spike- Gland-bearing Milkwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Pl. to 1 foot.
formed ; leaves alternate, oblong-linear, erect; stems erect, 105 P. BICOLOR (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
394.
twiggy. 4. S. Native in New Granada. Jacq. obs. 3. t. 67. t. 507.) racemes dense, cylindrical, spike-formed; 3 shorter
Flowers small, white.
sepals bearing 2 thick parallel nerves ; leaves full of shining
Hairy-seeded Milkwort. Pl. I foot.
dots; lower ones 3 or 5 in a whorl, upper ones scattered, linear-
97 P. ASPAʼLATHA (Lin. mant. 99.) racemes dense, roundish, lanceolate. O.S. Native of Mexico near Santa Rosa. Plant
capitate; leaves numerous, alternate, linear-setaceous, mucro- smooth, simple. Flowers about the size of those of P. Austriaca,
nate, spreading, full of pellucid dots ; stems suffruticose, erect, whitish, lower ones reddish-copper-coloured.
twiggy, simple, or branched. H.S. Native in Brazil in marshy Two-coloured-flowered Milkwort. Fl. May, July. Pl. foot.
places in the province of St. Paul. Flowers purple, rarely 106 P. Timou'TOU (Aubl. guian. 2. t. 225.) racemes spike-
white; wings elliptical, rather longer than the keel. Seeds pu- formed, cylindrical, imbricated; flowers at length reflexed ;
bescent.
wings ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, longer than the keel ; leaves
Aspalathus-like Milkwort. Fl. Feb. Sh. 1 foot.
sessile, oblong, somewhat mucronated, lowest ones obovate, 4 in
98 P. STELLE'RA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 327.) racemes somewhat a whorl, upper ones oblong, acute, alternate ; stem erect,
capitate, spike-formed; wings lanceolate, acuminated, longer branched, 4-angled, winged; seeds pilose. O.S. Native of
than the keel ; leaves smooth, scattered, few, lower ones oppo- Cayenne and Brazil in wet places. P. lupulina, Willd. spec. 3.
site, elliptical, obtuse, the rest linear, all full of pellucid dots ; p. 880. P. uliginosa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 272. Flowers whitish-
stems erect, branched, twiggy; seeds conical, silky, unappendi- green. P. cuspidata, D. C. prod. 1. p. 328. Timoutou is the
culate. O.S. Native in Brazil, Portorico, and St. Domingo. name of the place in Cayenne, where this plant was first collected
Flowers dark-purple.
by Aublet.
Starry Milkwort. Fl. Jan. Feb. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
.
.
Timoutou Milkwort. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
99 P. HYGRO' PHILA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 395. 107 P. DI'STANS (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 24. t. 84.) stem her-
t. 508.) racemes dense, spike-formed, oblong; wings elliptical, baceous, almost simple, erect; leaves 5 or 7 in a whorl, lan-
longer than the keel; leaves scattered, linear, acute, rather fal- ceolate, very acute, full of pellucid dots; whorls few and very
cate, smooth, lower ones four in a whorl ; stem erect, twiggy, remote; racemes spike-formed, very narrow and rather loose;
almost simple; seeds small, elliptical, pilose. O.S. Native wings obovate, about equal in length with the keel; seeds ob-
in humid places near Esmeralda on the Orinoco and in Brazil. long, pubescent. O.S. Native of Brazil in the province of
P. Berteriana, D. C. prod. 1. p. 328. Flowers whitish, and Minas Geraes in the desert called Certao. Flowers purple?
marked with purple.
Distant-leaved Milkwort. Pl. I to å foot. .
Water-loving Milkwort. Fl. May, June. Pl. } foot.
108 P. MOLLUGINIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 25.) stem di-
100 P. FILIFO'RMIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 7.) stem long, fili- chotomous, quadrangular ; leaves 4 in a whorl, linear or oblong-
form, simple, almost leafless ; upper leaves scale-formed, hardly linear, mucronulate, full of glandular dots, smooth ; racemes
conspicuous ; racemes spike-formed, very narrow, lax ; wings spike-formed; wings elliptical, equal in length with the keel ;
elliptical, obtuse, shorter than the keel. O.S. Native of Brazil seeds oblong, pubescent. 0. S. Native of Brasil in the pro-
in the province of Minas Geraes on a mountain called Serra da vinces of St. Paul and Cis Platine, &c. Flowers purple.
Caraca. Flowers purple, Stigma 4-lobed.
Mollugo-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Oct. Jan. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
Filiform Milkwort. Fl. April. Pl. 14 foot.
109 P. VARIA'BILIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 5. p. 397. t.
101 P. EQUISETOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 7.) stem herba- 509.) racemes spike-formed, rather loose ; leaves scattered, re-
ceous, leafless ; branches dichotomous; branchlets leafy ; leaves mote, narrow, linear, glabrous, full of pellucid dots ; stems
very narrow, linear, acute; racemes spike-formed, rather conical; ascending, fastigiately branched at the top. O.S. Native of
wings elliptical, obtuse, longer than the keel; seeds elongated, South America. Seeds conical, covered with retrograde hairs.
,
. ,
cylindrical, beaked, somewhat pubescent. O. S. Native of Var. a; flowers rose-coloured. On the banks of the river
Brazil in the western part of the province of Minas Geraes.
Orinoco.
Flowers probably purple. Stigmas 4-lobed. This species has
Var. ß; flowers white. Near Maypures.
the habit of P. setacea, Mich.
Var. y; stem simple. Near Esmeralda.
Horse-tail-like Milkwort. Pl. 3 foot.
Variable-flowered Milkwort. Pl. to foot.
102 P. INCARNA'TA (Lin. spec. 986, exclusive of Pluk. icon.) 110 P. CRUCIA'TA (Lin. amoen. 2. p. 138.) racemes spike-
racemes spike-formed, oblong, without glands; leaves scattered, formed, ovate, imbricated ; wings of younger flowers with long
few, awl-shaped ; stem erect, scarcely branched. O. H. Na- points ; leaves linear, 4 in a whorl ; stem erect, branched, an-
tive in low, sandy fields near rivulets from New Jersey to Caro- gular. O. H. Native in wet places on the edges of bogs and
lina. A delicate little plant with bright flesh-coloured flowers. rivulets from Canada to Carolina. Flowers red, mixed with
Flesh-coloured-flowered Milkwort. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1812.
. green. Plant dwarf and spreading.
Pl. Į to 1 foot.
Cross-leaved Milkwort. Fl. July, Sept.
Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1739. Pl. ft.
173 P. LONGICAU'LIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
111 P. BREVIFOʻLIA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 89.) racemes
396.) racemes spike-formed, roundish; corolla glandular; spike-formed, partly capitate; wings of flower cordate-ovate,
leaves scattered, remote, linear, covered with glandular dots ; acute; leaves oblong-linear, full of resinous dots, 4 in a whorl ;
a
Z z 2

356
POLYGALEÆ. I. POLYGALA.
3
p. 329.
,
stem erect, branched, winged. O.H. Native on the margins spike-formed, dense, oblong; leaves scale-like, almost wanting ;
of sandy swamps of New Jersey, and on the banks of the Ohio.
stem erect, setaceous, almost simple. 0. H.
O. H. Native of Caro-
Flowers bright red.
lina and Georgia. Flowers small, almost sessile.
Short-leaved Milkwort. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. Pl. foot. Bristly-stemmed Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
112 P. FASTIGIATA (Nutt. gen. amer. p. 89.) racemes spike- 122 P. GRA'cilis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
401 )
formed, somewhat capitate ; wings of calyx spreading, acute; racemes spike-formed, slender, loose ; leaves scattered, linear ;
leaves alternate, linear, acute; stem slender, fastigiately branched. stem erect, elongated, scarcely branched. O. S. Native in
O. H. Native of New Jersey, Flowers red.
humid places near the Maypures on the Orinoco. Flowers
Fastigiate-branched Milkwort. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1824, Pl. Z ft. purple. Seeds obliquely oblong, covered with retrograde hairs.
. .
113 P. LUTEA (Lin. spec. 990.) racemes spike-formed, dense, Slender-spiked Milkwort. Fl. May. Pl. 1 foot.
ovate; wings of calyx mucronated ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 123 P. PALUDOSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 8.) herbaceous,
acute, radical ones somewhat stalked and spatulate; stems sim- smooth ; stem erect, branched, or simple ; leaves narrow, linear,
ple, elongated; keel with a small, minute crest. O. H. Na-
acute : racemes spike-formed ; wings oblong, unguiculate, ra-
tive in wet woods and bogs from New Jersey to Florida. A ther longer than the keel; seeds hairy, subglobose, or subcylin-
fine species, with flowers of a golden yellow.
drical. O.S. Native of Brazil in the sand in several places,
Yellow-flowered Milkwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1739. Pl. ft. Flowers yellow. Stigma 4-lobed.
114 P. NA'NA (D. Č. prod. 1. p. 328.) racemes spike-formed, Var. B, myùrus (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems and branches much
dense, cylindrical ; wings of calyx ovate, with a narrow point ; shorter ; racemes longer, narrower; flowers very minute, at
leaves oblong-spatulate, stalked; stems simple, scarcely longer first yellowish-green, then purplish; seeds ovate-globose. O.S.
than the leaves. O. H. Native in pine forests of Carolina Native in the province of St. Paul. P. ténuis, D. C. prod. 1.
and Georgia. P. viridescens, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 88. not of others.
P. lutea , Mich. Flowers green, with a tinge of yellow. P. Var. y, amethýstina (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem filiform, almost sim-
lùtea ß, nàna, Pursh, A. amer. sept. 2. p. 465. .
ple; racemes a little longer and rather narrower ; flowers ame-
Dwarf Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. Pl. 1 foot. thyst; seeds ovate-globose. O. S. In Minas Geraes.
115 P. VIRIDESCENS (Pursh, A. amer. sept. 2. p.465.) stem Var. d, ambígua (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem almost simple ; racemes
erect, very simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, bluntish ; spike ca- elongated, more crowded; flowers larger ; capsule oblong;
pitate, terminal. O. H. Native of North America from Penn- seeds ovate-globose.
sylvania to Carolina. Flowers greenish-white with some red. Var. ε, longispicàta (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem and branches shorter ;
In general habit the plant is like P. incarnàta. Perhaps the leaves much longer, fattish ; racemes longer and narrower ;
keel is without a crest. Perhaps the same as the preceding. flowers hardly larger, amethyst blue ; wings large elliptical ;
Greenish-flowered Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. foot. capsule oblong ; seeds rather cylindrical, rather truncately-
116 P. ANGULATA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 328.) racemes spike- obtuse at the apex. O.S. In St. Catherine in sandy places.
formed, short, 8-10-flowered; wings of calyx oblong; leaves Var. 5, appendiculata (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem filiform, almost
oval, with a narrow point; stems branched, ascending, angularly, simple, nearly leafless; racemes lax; capsule oblong ; seeds
winged, shrubby. h.s. Native of Brazil. Flowers purple ?
Flowers purple ? cylindrical, truncately obtuse at the apex, unappendiculate or
Angular-branched Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
appendiculate. 0. S. In marshes near Gaxueirinha.
117 P. LANCIFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 42.) stem suffru- Var. 0, gigantèa (St. Hil. l. c.) stem tall, branched, almost
ticose, puberulous ; leaves ovate, lanceolate, acuminated and leafless; flowers approximate, longer, pale-purplish ; capsule
very acute; racemes spike-formed; wings obovate, very blunt; oblong; seeds cylindrical, truncately obtuse at the apex, with
seeds clavate, scarcely tomentose. h. S. Native of Brazil on short appendages. O.S. In Minas Geraes.
the margins of woods in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers Marsh Milkwort. Pl. Į to 1 foot.
greenish-white.
124 P. SUBTI'LIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 393.
Lance-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Oct. March. Shrub 1 foot. t. 506.) racemes capitellate, dense ; flowers glandular on the
118 P. PULCHE’LLA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 30.) herbaceous ;
.
back; wings oblong, acute, longer than the keel ; leaves form
stem short, rather tufted, filiform, rather pubescent ; leaves of scales, remote, linear-awl-shaped ; stem erect, filiform,
small, linear, tapering to both ends, very acute; racemes spike- branched at the top. O.S. Native in humid sandy places on
,
formed, shortish, rather loose; wings obovate, with long claws the borders of the river Orinoco and in Brazil. Flowers small,
rather longer than the keel ; seeds cylindrical, hardly pilose. white. Style 4-lobed. Seeds globose, smoothish, unappen-
O.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers whitish.
diculate.
Pretty Milkwort. Fl. Sept. Oct. Pl. foot.
Delicate Milkwort. Fl. July, Sept. Pl. Į foot.
119 P. PURPU'REA (Nutt. gen. 2. p. 88.) racemes spike- 125 P. ATROPURPU'REA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 10.) stem her-
formed, ovate, imbricated; wings of calyx ovate, cordate, twice as baceous, rather twiggy, nearly leafless, sparingly and dichoto-
long as the capsule ; leaves alternate, oblong-linear ; stems erect, mously branched ; leaves scale-formed, hardly conspicuous, rather
fastigiately branched, O. H. Native of North America. P.
terete, acute; racemes spike-formed, rather pyramidal ; wings
sanguínea, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 52. and Pursh. Flowers almost equal in length to the keel, orbicular; seeds obovate-
purplish with the keel almost beardless. Bart. fl. amer. t. 47. globose, rather hairy, with short appendages. O.S. Native
Purple-flowered Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. Pl. of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers dark pur-
to foot.
ple. Style 4-lobed.
120 P. SANGUINEA (Lin. spec. 991.) racemes spike-formed, Dark-purple Milkwort. Fl. May. Pl. 1 to lfeet.
oblong; wings obovate, length of capsule ; leaves alternate, 126 P. HERBÌOLA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 12.) stem herba-
narrow-linear; stem erect, fastigiately branched. O.H. Na- ceous, filiform, nearly leafless, sparingly branched ; leaves small,
tive in woods on the sides of hills from New England to Carolina. very narrow-linear, acute; racemes capitate, dense ; wings ob-
P. viridescens, Poir. dict. 5. p. 502.-Pluk. mant. t. 438. f. 5. long-elliptic, obtuse, longer than the keel; seeds conically-oblong,
Flowers rose-coloured, with the keel almost beardless.
rather pubescent, inappendiculate. O.S. Native of Brazil in
Bloody Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. Pl. 1 to 1 ft. humid pastures of Serra da Canastra in the province of Minas
{
121 P. SETA'CEA (Mich. f. bor. amer. 2. p. 52.) racemes Geraes. Flowers purple.

POLYGALEÆ. I. POLYGALA.
357
3
Small-herb Milkwort. Fl. March, June. Pl. i foot.
Cypress-like Milkwort. Fl. April, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
127 P. JU'NCEA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 13.) stem erect, an- 136 P. POLYCEPHALA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 16.) herbaceous;
gular, nearly leafless; leaves scale-formed, hardly conspicuous, stems usually umbellately crowded ; leaves very numerous, ap-
rather ovate, acute; racemes capitate; wings elliptical, longer proximate, needle-shaped, acute, rather terete ; racemes capitate;
than the keel ; seeds oblong, hairy. O. S.
O.S. Native of Brazil wings oblong-elliptical, rather narrow, very acute, longer than
in the province of Minas Geraes on Serra da Canastra. Flowers the keel; seeds elliptical, punctate, smooth.O.S. Native of
pale-purple.
Brazil in sand on the banks of the river Plate and many other
Rushy Milkwort. Fl. March. Pl. foot.
places. Flowers whitish.
128 P. GLOCHIDATA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. Many-headed Milkwort. Fl. Sep. Dec. Pl. 1 to foot.
400.) racemes loose, slender, spike-formed ; leaves narrow- 137. P. CORISOÌDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 17. t. 83.) stem her-
linear, opposite, or in whorls, those on the branches scattered; baceous, procumbent ; branches simple, angular, compressed
stem erect, paniculately-branched. O.S. Native in humid and complanate; leaves fleshy, very numerous, deflexed, linear,
places near the rivers Orinoco and Magdalena. Herb gla- obtuse, mucronate; racemes capitate, sessile ; wings ovate-
brous. Flowers pale flesh-coloured. Seeds oblong, covered elliptical, obtuse, mucronulate, longer than the keel. 0. S.
with hooked hairs.
Native of Brazil by the sea-side in the province of Cis Platine.
Hooked-haired-seeded Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Pl. ft. Flowers coloured with violet and white.
129 P. AMBIGUA (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 89.) racemes spike- Coris-like Milkwort. Fl. Oct. Pl. į foot.
formed, acute, on long peduncles; wings of flower round, equalling 138 P. STRICTA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 18.) stem short,
the capsule in length ; leaves linear, lower ones in whorls, the strict; leaves imbricate, fleshy, linear, mucronulated, full of
rest scattered; stem erect, twiggy, branched. O. H. Native pellucid dots; racemes capitate, very obtuse; wings oblong-
of New Jersey and Virginia. Flowers large, purplish.
elliptical, very acute, longer than the keel; seeds rather cylin-
Ambiguous Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. Z to 1 ft. drical, hairy-villous. O? S. Native of Brazil in the province
130 P. VERTICILLA'TA (Lin. amon. 2. p. 159.) racemes spike-
p
of Minas Geraes. Flowers white, tinged with purple.
formed, acute, peduncled; wings of calyx roundish ; leaves linear, Straight Milkwort. Fl. April, Aug. Pl. foot.
1
in whorls; stem erect, branched. O.H. Native on the sides 139 P. RIGIDA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 18.) stems suffruticose,
of dry hills and in pine-forests from New York to Carolina. somewhat dichotomous, straight, puberulous; leaves very nu-
Flowers very small, white, or sometimes pale red, but usually merous, imbricate, stiff, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, full of
greenish. Pluk, mant. t. 438. f. 4.
pellucid dots; racemes capitate, dense; wings elliptical, mucro-
Whorl-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1739. Pl. 1 ft. nate, longer than the keel. O.S.
O.S. Native of Brazil in the
131 P. GALIOÌDES (Poir. dict. 5. p. 503.) racemes spike-formed, province of Goyaz at the base of the mountain called Serra das
p
very slender, loose, peduncled; wings roundish-obovate, some- Caldas.
what emarginate, about equal in length with the keel ; leaves Stiff Milkwort. Fl. Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
linear-lanceolate, or linear-mucronate, 4 or 5 in a whorl, full of 140 P. CORIA'CEA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 19.) stems suffruti-
pellucid dots'; stem erect, slender, sparingly branched, qua- cose, angular at the apex, erect; leaves sessile, coriaceous,
drangular. O.S. Native of Cayenne and the Caribbee Islands imbricated, lanceolate, very acute, clammy and much nerved,
as well as Brazil. Flowers purple.
and full of pellucid dots ; racemes capitate, small ; wings oblong,
Lady's Bedstraw-like Milkwort. Fl. Feb. March. Pl. : ft. narrow, acuminated, longer than the keel ; seeds oblong-clavate,
132 P. SPERGULÆFÒLIA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 28.) stems her- very
villous. ħ.S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of
baceous, slender, beset with glandular pubescence; branches fili- the province of Goyaz. Flowers greenish-white.
form ; leaves small, very narrow-linear, acute, tapering to the Coriaceous-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Aug. Shrub foot.
base, 4 in a whorl, upper ones alternate; racemes spike-formed, 141 P. POA'YA (Mart. mat. med. bras. fasc. 1. p. 13.) stem suf-
.
loose, crowded into a kind of corymb; wings oblong-elliptical, fruticose, 5-angled ; leaves coriaceous, 5-nerved ; racemes spike-
rather longer than the keel; seeds elliptical, villous ; hairs formed; wings oblong-elliptical, or obovate, obtuse, rather longer
glandular. O.S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul. than the keel; seeds clavate, very villous. h.S. Native of
Flowers white.
Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Goyaz. Poaya is
Spurry-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Dec. Pl. Z foot.
the name of the plant in Brazil, where the roots are used by the
133 P. CRUCIANELLOÌDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 329.) racemes spike-
1
inhabitants for Ipecacuan. All emetic plants are called Poaya in
formed, loose, on peduncles; wings of calyx oblong; leaves Brazil. St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. no. 71.
rhomb-ovate, wedge-shaped at the base, in whorls, uppermost Poaya Milkwort. Fl. April, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
.
ones alternate ; stem erect, angular. O. S. Native of St. 142 P. ADENOPHY’LLA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 20.) stem suf-
Domingo. Flowers white or pale rose-coloured ?
fruticose, erect, 5-angled, smooth; leaves sessile, obovate, ob-
Crosswort-like Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
tuse, mucronate, full of pellucid tubercles; racemes spike-formed,
134 P. ASPERULOÌDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. elongated ; wings oblong-elliptical, obtuse, scarcely shorter than
403.) racemes spike-formed, slender, rather loose ; flowers glan- the keel; seeds oblong-clavate, villous. h.s. Native of Bra-
dular on the back ; leaves oblong, full of pellucid dots, glabrous, zil. Flowers greenish-white. This plant smells like Anthox-
;
opposite, or 3 or 6 in a whorl ; stems diffuse, tufted. 4.S. Na- ánthum.
tive of South America. Seeds oblong, covered with retrograde Var. B, parvifolia (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves much smaller, and
silky down. Flowers rose-coloured.
very numerous, and somewhat imbricate, lanceolate, acute, mu-
Woodruff-like Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
cronate. In the province of St. Paul.
135 P. CYPARI’SSIAS (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 15.) herbaceous ; Gland-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Dec. March. Shrub / foot.
stems usually umbellately branched; leaves numerous, rather 143 P. RADDIA'NA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 26.) stem herba-
terete, linear, very narrow, mucronate ; racemes capitate, very ceous, erect, puberulous ; leaves 4 in a whorl, rather terete,
obtuse ; wings obovate, very blunt, equal in length to the keel; linear, acute, erectish ; racemes spike-formed, loose ; wings obo-
seeds globose, rather pilose. 0. S. Native of Brazil near
Native of Brazil near vate, longer than the keel ; seeds clavate, inappendiculate, beset
Rio Janeiro by the sea-side and by the sides of lakes, where it with glandular hairs. O.S. Native of Brazil in the province
is called Alegrim da Praya. Flowers purplish?
of Minas Geraes. Flowers elegant.

358
POLYGALEÆ. I. POLYGALA.
.
Var. B, subaphylla (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem much longer, slenderer, 152 P. RESEDOÌDes (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 31.) stem herba-
nearly leafless; branches slenderer; whorls of leaves much ceous, tufted, simple, puberulous, full of resinous dots ; leaves
more distant, lower ones deciduous, upper ones very minute; numerous, narrow, linear, falcately curved, very acute ; racemés
upper part of the rachis quite naked, therefore the spikes of spike-formed, rather loose; wings obovate, very blunt, rather
flowers appear to stand on long peduncles.
longer than the keel ; seeds subcylindrical, rather pilose. O.S.
Raddi's Milkwort. Fl. Aug. Sep. Pl. į to foot.
å
Native of Brazil in the provinces of Rio Grande do Sul and Cis
144 P. PANICULA'TA (Lin. amoen. 5. p. 402.) racemes some- Platine. Flowers white, often mixed with blue and purple.
what spike-formed, loose, elongated; wings of calyx elliptical, Mignonette-like Milkwort. Fl. Oct. Nov. Pl. z foot.
tapering into the claws, about equal in length to the keel ; leaves 153 P. DUNALIA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 32. t. 85.) stems very
scattered, linear, tapering to both ends, mucronulate at the apex; slender ; leaves small, appressed, ovate-lanceolate, very much
stem erect, much branched at the top; branches puberulous. acuminated, mucronulate, cordate at the base; racemes spike-
O.S. Native throughout South America in dry places. Ker. formed, slender ; wings ovate-rhomboid, hardly longer than the
bot. reg. t. 761. Flowers rose-coloured or pale purple.
keel; seeds rather cylindrical, incurved, smooth. h. S.
Var. ß, Brasiliana (D. C. prod. 1. p. 329.) flowers smaller ; Native of Brazil near a town called Rio Pardo. Flowers purplish,
leaves broader. Native of Brazil. Seeds cylindrical, pubescent. disposed in racemes resembling Erica vulgàris.
Var. y, Africàna (D. C. l. c.) leaves linear-awl-shaped. Na- Var. L, álba (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves less cordate at the base,
tive of Sierra Leone.
less puberulous ; flowers white or pale purple. h. s. In Minas
This beautiful little plant has much the smell and taste of P. Geraes.
Sénega, but is not so strong or disagreeable. It is a mild at- Dunal's Milkwort. Fl. Feb. Sept. Sh. 1 foot. .
tenuant and sudorific, and may be administered in infusions or 154 P. A’LBA (Nutt. gen. 2. p. 87.) racemes spike-formed,
decoctions.
peduncled; wings of calyx roundish, length of corolla ; leaves
Panicled-flowered Milkwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. ft. alternate, linear, with revolute margins ; stem simple, elongated.
145 P. SCOPA'RIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 399.) 4. F. Native of Upper Louisiana. P. Sénega, var. álba, Pursh.
racemes spike-formed, rather loose ; leaves scattered, linear; stem Flowers white. This plant possesses the same qualities as P.
erect, somewhat fastigiately-branched; root vermicular, twisted. Sénega. no. 168. p. 359.
p
2. S. Native near Mexico. Herb smooth. Flowers white. White-flowered Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
Seeds oblong, cylindrical, covered with retrograde silky hairs. 155 P. RUBE'LLA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 464.) pubescent ;
Broom Milkwort. Pl. to 1 foot.
racemes rather loose, somewhat spiked, elongated; wings of calyx
146 P. CORYMBÒSA (Mich. A. bor. amer. 2. p. 54.) racemes oval, very blunt ; leaves lanceolate-linear, mucronated; stem
many, disposed in a terminal corymb; wings of calyx oblong, erect, furrowed, a little branched at the top. 4. H. Native
cuspidate ; radical leaves obovate, cauline ones linear, uppermost in woods and on dry shady hills from Pennsylvania to Georgia.
ones awl-shaped. 4. F. Native in bogs among sphagnum P. polygama, Walt. Flowers pale red. This species approaches
from Carolina to Florida. P. cymòsa, Walt, carol. 179. Flowers near to P. vulgàris.
citron-yellow.
Like some of the European species this plant is a powerful
Corymbose Milkwort. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
bitter, imparting its properties both to water and alcohol.
147 P. GRAMINIFÒLIA (Poir. dict. 5. p. 500.) racemes many, In the United States of America it is administered in small
disposed into a terminal corymb; wings of calyx oblong, acute; doses, as a useful tonic and stimulant to the digestive organs.
radical leaves linear-spatulate, cauline ones linear-awl-shaped. In large doses it operates as a cathartic and excites diaphoreses.
4. F. Native of grassy places from Carolina to Florida. Per- Dr. Bigelow says its powers appear to resemble the P. vulgaris
haps P. attenuàta, Nutt gen. amer. 2. p. 90. Flowers citron- and P. amàra of Europe, which are considered tonic and expec-
yellow. A tall plant.
torant.
Grass-leaved Milkwort. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. Pl. 3 feet. Red-flowered Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot.
148 P. BALDUÌNI (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 90.) racemes nume- 156 P. DUARTEA'NA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 34.) stem herba-
rous, corymbose, peduncled; wings of calyx lanceolate, cuspi- ceous, puberulous; leaves linear, acute, on short petioles,
date; radical leaves spatulate, cauline ones alternate, lanceolate; smooth; racemes spike-formed, narrow, loose ; wings elliptical
stem erect, angular, a little branched at the top. 2. F. Na- or obovate, bluntish, about equal in length with the keel; seeds
tive of Florida near St. Mary's. Flowers greenish-white. clavate, rather pilose. O.S. Native of Brazil in the province
Baldwin's Milkwort. Pl. 3 foot.
of Minas Geraes. Flowers greenish-white.
P. ' .
Milkwort. to foot.
crowded into a corymb : wings of calyx oblong, acute; leaves 157 P. ROUBIENNA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 35.) stem suffru-
,
. )
awl-shaped ; stems many, rising from the root, at top a little ticose, tufted, or a little branched ; leaves obtuse, mucronulate,
branched. O.G, Native of Peru and Chili. Flowers white. lower ones obovate ; racemes spike-formed, truncate at the apex,
Nee's Milkwort. Pl. | foot.
loose ; wings elliptical, very blunt, somewhat emarginate, equal
,
150 P. MUHLENBE'RGII; stem erect, pubescent ; branches in length to the keel ; seeds rather cylindrical, incurved, villous,
twiggy ; leaves lanceolate, linear, ciliated; racemes elongated ; h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes.
bracteas deciduous; flowers distinct. O. H. Native of Georgia. Roubieu's Milkwort. Fl. Mar. Shrub i to 1 foot.
P. pubescens, Muhl. not of Nutt.
158 P. MOQUINIA'NA (St. Hil. f. bras. 2. p. 36. t. 86.) stems
Muhlenberg's Milkwort. Pl. z foot.
1 2 .
suffruticose, prostrate, somewhat quadrangular, puberulous,
151 P. LINOIDES (Poir. dict. 5. p. 449.) racemes somewhat leaves numerous, distich, lanceolate, mucronulate, puberulous,
spike-formed, elongated, acute; wings elliptical, obtuse, hardly obsoletely-dotted ; racemes capitate, obtuse, dense, on long pe-
longer than the capsule; leaves small, linear, acuminated, duncles; wings lanceolate, acute, longer than the keel; seeds
crowded, rather falcate ; stems tufted, branched at the top; cylindrical, pubescent. Ñ.s. Native of Brazil in the province
,
seeds oblong-clavate, rather pilose. 2. S. Native of Brazil
4.
of St. Paul. The heads of flowers resemble those of Jasione
about Monte-Video and Buenos-Ayres. Habit of Resèda glaúca.
or Globulària.
Flowers white or green, usually coloured with purple.
Moquin-Tandon's Milkwort. Fl. Mar. Sh. 1 foot.
Flax-like Milkwort. Fl. Nov. Pl. I to foot.
159 P. OBOVA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 37.) stem suffruti-
1

POLYGALEÆ. I. POLYGALA.
359
.
.
cose, crowded, puberulous; leaves usually obovate, mucronate, Brazilian Milkwort. Pl. prostrate.
full of small pellucid dots; racemes capitate, dense; wings ob- 167 P. GUINEE'NSIS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 882.) flowers crested,
long-elliptical, rather narrow, acute, longer than the keel; seeds nodding ; racemes axillary, secund; leaves filiform ; stem
oblong-cylindrical, villous. h.S. Native of Brazil in the
pro-
branched, herbaceous. Native of Guinea.
vince of Rio Grande do Sul, among rocks. Flowers white.
Guinea Milkwort. Fl. April, June. Pl. į foot.
Obovate-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Oct. Feb.
Fl. Oct. Feb. Shrub | foot.
160 P. CNEO'RUM (St. Hil. Al. bras. 2. p. 38.) stems suffruti- Sect. VI. Se’NEGA (by mistake supposed to have first come
cose, ascending ; leaves very numerous, narrow-linear, tapering from Senegal.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 330. Keel of flower beardless.
to the base, mucronulate at the top, full of minute pellucid dots ; Three outer sepals of calyx nearly equal. Leaves alternate. Ame-
racemes capitate, dense; wings ovate-lanceolate, mucronulate, rican herbs.
rican herbs. The character given by M. Auguste St. Hilaire to
about equal in length to the keel; seeds cylindrical, pubescent. this section is as follows. Style simple or 2-lobed ; superior lobe
h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. longest. Caruncle of seed helmet-formed, usually with one
Cneorum-like Milkwort. Fl. March. Shrub { foot.
appendage.
161 P. BRYOÌDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 39.) stem suffruti- 168 P. SE'NEGA (Lin. spec. 990.) stems many, rather erect,
cose, crowded, dichotomous at the apex, puberulous, clammy; simple, terete ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, upper ones acuminated ;
leaves small, very numerous, narrow, linear, acute, falcate, rather racemes somewhat spike-formed; wings of calyx orbicular;
fleshy, full of pellucid dots; wings lanceolate, narrow, acute, capsules elliptical, emarginate. 4. F. Native of North Ame-
rather glandular, hardly longer than the keel; seeds clavate- rica on the sides of hills and in dry woods from Carolina to Geor-
cylindrical, villous. n. S. Native of Brazil in the province gia. Woodv. med. bot. 3. t. 93. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1051. Flowers
of Minas Geraes in sandy places. Habit of Erica. Flowers small, red. This is the famous Senega or Snake-root, formerly
white, tinged with red.
so celebrated for the bite of rattle-snakes, but other more effi-
Var. B, pygma'a (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem 2 inches; leaves broader, cacious remedies have supplanted it, as Prenanthes and Liàtris.
less fleshy, lower ones rather obovate. Near Barbacena.
This plant has a branched woody contorted root, about half
Bryum-like Milkwort. Fl. Sep. Dec. Shrub į foot.
an inch thick, and covered with an ash-coloured bark, whence it
162 P. PSEUDOERI'CA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 40. t. 87.) stem is supposed to resemble the tail of the rattle-snake. It is
suffruticose, dichotomous; branchlets pubescent; leaves very inodorous ; the taste is at first sweetish and nauseous, but after
numerous, spreading, narrow linear, acute, full of pellucid dots; being chewed for less than a minute, becomes pungent and hot,
racemes small, terminal and lateral, spike-formed; wings ellip- producing a singular sensation in the fauces. Medically it is
tical, obtuse, glandular in the middle, rather longer than the considered stimulating, expectorant, and diuretic, and in large
keel ; seeds oblong, a little incurved, villous. h.s. Native doses emetic and cathartic; it increases absorption and the
of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow, force of circulation, and consequently augments the natural
tinged with purple.
excretions, and frequently occasions a copious ptyalism. It
False-heath Milkwort. Fl. Sept. Shrub z foot.
was introduced to the notice of physicians by Dr. Tennant,
163 P. DENSIFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 41.) stem sub- who having discovered that it was an antidote employed
herbaceous, érect, rather twiggy ; branches umbellate, usually internally as well as applied externally to the wounds by
di-trichotomous; leaves very numerous, imbricated, linear, acute,
,
the Senegaro Indians against the bite of the rattle-snake,
full of pellucid dots; racemes spike-formed, rather pyramidal ; and reasoning from the effects of the poison, and of the re-
wings elliptical, obtuse, mucronate, longer than the keel; seeds medy in removing these, was induced to try it in pneumonic
cblong, villous. 0. 4. S. Native of Brazil on hills in the
O.
affections, and found it to afford very marked relief by promot-
eastern part of the province of Cis Platine. Flowers yellowish. ing expectoration even in far advanced stages of inflammation,
Var. ß, grandiflora (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems thicker ; leaves but it is apt to disorder the stomach and induce diarrhoea. On
longer, broader ; flowers larger, greenish-white. In Minas
account of its stimulating and diaphoritic properties, however,
Geraes.
it can be employed in these complaints only after the resolu-
Var.
7, minor (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem much smaller, quadrangular, tion of the inflammation by bleeding and evacuations. It proves
twiggy ; leaves stiffer and broader ; spikes much shorter. In more directly useful in humoral asthma, chronic catarrh, chronic
Minas Geraes.
rheumatism, and some kinds of dropsy. (Thoms. lond. dispens.
Dense-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Nov. Jan. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
-
p. 450.) In consequence of its well-ascertained power of excit-
ing salivation, it has been introduced as a remedy in croup
+ Species not sufficiently known, but evidently belonging to section by Dr. Archer of Maryland ; he gives two tea-spoonsful of a
Timoutou.
strong decoction of the root twice in an hour, according to the
urgency of the symptoms, until it acts as an emetic or cathartic.
164 P. SULCA'TA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 878.) flowers crested; Dr. Brandreth of Liverpool derived great benefit in some cases
racemes terminal on peduncles; stems erect, furrowed, branched of lethargy from an extract of seneka combined with carbonate
at the top; leaves linear, pressed to the stem. O.S. Native of ammonia.
of Brazil at Monte Video. Very like P. paniculata. Flowers A peculiar principle has lately been discovered in the root of
violaceous.
this plant by Gehlen, to which he has given the name of senegin.
Furrowed-stemmed Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 foot. It is a brown substance, and excites violent sneezing like tobacco.
165 P. TENEʼLLA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 878.) flowers crested ; The powder of the root is given in doses from 20 to 30 grains.
racemes terminal, on very long peduncles; stem erect, branched The decoction is made from one ounce of the root to two
at the top ; leaves linear-ovate, mucronate. O.S. Native of pints of water, boiled down to one pint and strained; this is
Panama. Like P. paniculata. Flowers small, flesh-coloured. given in doses of three ounces three or four times a-day.
Pliant Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 14 foot.
Senega, Seneka, or Snake-root Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
166 P. BRAZILIE'NSIS (Lin. mant. 99.) flowers crested, some- 1739. Pl. foot.
what spiked ; stems prostrate, very simple; leaves lanceolate. 169 P. POLY'GAMA (Walt. fl. carol. 179.) stems many, simple,
Native in Brazil. Flowers white,
erect and procumbent; leaves oblong, acute or linear-lanceo-

360
POLYGALEÆ. I. POLYGALA.
late ; lower racemes apetalous. 4. F. Native in the pine- hairy ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, somewhat tomentose;
barrens of Carolina. Calyx greenish-white, with pale yellow racemes 8-10-flowered; keel and margins of flowers fringed ;
petals (Pursh.) Flowers red (Nutt.). Racemes axillary and capsules oblong, glabrous. O. S. Native of Guiana and
terminal.
Cayenne. P. violácea, Aubl. guian. t. 294. Flowers violaceous.
Polygamous Milkwort. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. į foot.
Cinerous Milkwort. Pl. foot.
I
170 P. MONTI'COLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 180 P. AMERICA'NA (Mill. dict. no. 7.) stems erect, branched,
405.) stems almost simple, hairy-pubescent, as well as the lan- younger ones pubescent; leaves oblong, mucronate, velvety-
,
ceolate, acute, remote leaves; racemes terminal, loose ; wings of pubescent; racemes many-flowered ; wings of calyx obovate;
calyx elliptical, unguiculate at the base ; capsules emarginate. capsules orbicular, velvety. 4. G.
,
2. G. Native of South America
4. G. Native on the arid mountain of Tumiriquiri in New An- near Vera Cruz. Flowers bluish-purple.
dalusia. Flowers rose-coloured.
American Milkwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Pl. I foot.
Mountain Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
181 P. PUBE'SCENS (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 87.) stem erect,
171 P. ANGUSTIFOʻLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 405. t. 511.) pubescent, twiggy, branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, ciliated;
stem branched, puberulous at the top; leaves remote, linear- keel of flower glandular at the top. 4. F. Native of Georgia
lanceolate, acute, with revolute margins, glabrous, but puberu- about Savannah. Flowers rose-coloured, cristate. This is one
lous on the nerve and veins on the under surface; racemes of the largest and finest species indigenous to North America.
spike-formed, rather lax. 2. S. Native on the banks of the river Pubescent-branched Milkwort. Pl. 3 feet.
Orinoco near Carichana. Upper flowers white, the rest purple. 182 P. TORRE'YI; stem branched, smooth, angular, erect;
, ;
Narrow-leaved Milkwort. Pl. 1į foot.
leaves linear, crowded, acutish; racemes somewhat spike-formed,
172 P. Mo’llis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) stems villous, simple slender, loose; keel beardless.
l
slender, loose; keel beardless. 2.? H. Native of North
or branched ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, soft, hoary ; racemes America on the Rocky Mountains. Polygala, nov. spec. Torrey
spike-formed, rather lax. 4. S. Native in sandy places near in ann. lyc. new york, 2. p. 164.
Carichana, on the river Orinoco. Seeds covered with retrograde Torrey's Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
hairs. Wings of calyx orbicularly-obovate. Flowers rose.co- 183 P. CARACASA'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
loured.
407.) stems procumbent and erect; branches as well as elliptical
Soft Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
acute leaves hairy-pubescent; racemes spike-formed, terminal,
173 P. NUTKA'NA (Moc. et Sesse, icon. ined. and D. C. prod. few-flowered; capsules elliptical, emarginate, pubescent. h.s.
1. p. 330.) stems shrubby at the base, ascending ; leaves oval, Native of dry places near Caraccas. Flowers blue.
acuminated at both ends, stalked; racemes lax, 4-5-flowered ; Caraccas Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot.
wings of calyx orbicular; capsules emarginate. Native on the 184 P. MONNINOÌDES (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 408.) branches
north-west coast of North America, near Nutka. Flowers red? villously-pubescent ; leaves ovate-oblong, somewhat acuminated,
Nutka Milkwort. Pl. į foot.
hairy-pubescent; racemes somewhat terminal. . S. Native
174 P. HEBECA'RPA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 330.) stems simple ; in the mountains of New Granada. Flowers white, tinged with
leaves ovate, reticulately veined; racemes 10-12-flowered; wings purple.
of calyx oval-oblong ; capsule oval, pubescent. 4. h.s, Native Monnina-like Milkwort. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
of St. Domingo. Perhaps P. ovata, Poir. dict. 5.
p.
498 ?
185 P. LIGUSTROÌDES (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 49.) stem shrubby;
Downy-fruited Milkwort. Pl. Į foot.
branches hardly puberulous ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate,
175 P. PEDICELLA'RIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 47.) stem suf- smooth; racemes short; wings obovate, obtuse ; seeds ovate,
fruticose, horizontal; branches pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, furrowed both on the back and front, very villous.
h. S.
acuminated, smoothish; racemes capitate, loose ; flowers on long Native of Brazil in woods in the province of Minas Geraes.
pedicels ; wings oblong-ovate, obtuse, rather pubescent._Ñ.S. Flowers yellow, tinged with red and
red and orange
.
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers Privet-like Milkwort. Fl. Jan. March. Shrub 1 to 5 feet.
purplish-violet.
186 P. OLEÆFÒLIA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 49.) stem shrubby;
Pedicelled-flowered Milkwort. Fl. Feb. Shrub procumbent branches striated, tomentose ; leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceo-
176 P. VIOLOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 48.) stem suffruti- late, acuminated, very acute, puberulous above, pubescent be-
cose, slender, sparingly branched ; leaves ovate or roundish, neath ; racemes short; wings ovate, very obtuse. h.S. Native
finely ciliated; racemes few-flowered, loose; wings elliptical, of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers crowded,
obtuse, finely ciliated ; seeds oblong, very villous. h. S. yellow.
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers Olive-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Sept.
Fl. Sept. Shrub 2 feet.
white, tinged with violet.
187 P. LAURE'OLA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 50. t. 89.) stem suf-
Violet-like Milkwort. Fl. April. Shrub foot.
. z
fruticose, sparingly branched, pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, ob-
177 V. LA'xa (Mart. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 170.) branches long, acuminated; racemes few-flowered ; wings oblong-trian-
twiggy ; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, pubescent beneath ; gular, obtuse; seeds oblong, 4-angled, hairy. H.S. Native
.
racemes lateral and terminal, few-flowered; wings obovate, equal of Brazil in woods near Rio Janeiro. Flowers greenish-yellow.
in length to the corolla. h.s. Native of Brazil. Flowers purple. Laurel-like Milkwort. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Lax Milkwort. Shrub i to 1 foot.
188 P. CESTRIFÓLIA (St. Hil. f. bras. 2. p. 51.) stem shrubby;
178 P. VIOLA'CEA (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 79.) stem suffruticose, branches erect, puberulous; leaves large, obovate-oblong, acu-
erect; branches herbaceous, pubescent; leaves ovate or lanceo- minated, soft; racemes extra-axillary, short, broadish; wings
late, acuminated, pubescent, full of pellucid dots ; racemes spike- irregularly ovate, obtuse, shorter than the keel. h. S. Native
formed; flowers secund; wings elliptico-orbicular, very obtuse, of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers yellowish ?
equalling the oval smooth capsule; seeds cylindrical, silky, vil- Cestrum-leaved Milkwort. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
lous, unappendiculate. 4. §. Native of Cayenne and Brazil. 189 P. GRANDIFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 52.) stem suffru-
Flowers greenish, tinged with violet.
ticose, simple, scarcely puberulous at the apex; leaves large,
Violaceous-flowered Milkwort. Fl. March, April. Pl. $ ft.
1 . lanceolate, with a short acumen, smooth ; racemes supra-axillary,
179 P. CINE'REA (Willd. spec. 3. p.880.) stem erect, branched, incurved, few-flowered ; wings oblong, elliptical, acuminated,

POLYGALEÆ. I. POLYGALA.
361
longer than the keel. h.S. Native of Brazil near the town of Three-leaved Milkwort. Fl. July. Pl. 4 foot.
Benevente. Flowers white, tinged with purple.
Great-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Oct. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Sect. VII. CHAMÆBU’xus (from xaual, chamai, on the
190 P. RIVINÆFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p. 409. t. 512.) ground, and ßuśw, buxo, the box-tree, that is to say dwarf box-
lp
stems herbaceous, rather simple, pubescent ; leaves ovate, much tree; resemblance in P. chamæbúxus.) Dill. nov. gen. t. 9.
acuminated, puberulous on both surfaces, ciliated; racemes spike- D. C. prod. 1. p. 331. Lower sepal of calyx concave-hollow,
formed, terminal, many-flowered. 4. S. Native of Mexico
embracing a gland on the inside at the base. Keel slightly crested
near Ario. Flowers violet. Capsules elliptically-orbicular, or callous at the tip. Flowers few, large. Herbs or subshrubs.
emarginated, glabrous, ciliated.
199 P. PAUCIFÓLIA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 880.) stems very sim-
Rivina-leaved Milkwort. Pl. I to 2 feet.
ple, erect, naked below ; leaves ovate; flowers in threes, termi-
191 P. OVALIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 331.) stems round, nal; keel of flower crested.
,
2. H. Native in sphagnous bogs
somewhat velvety ; leaves oval, on short footstalks; racemes 7- and swamps; principally on the mountains from Pennsylvania
8-flowered; wings of calyx obovate; capsules oval, pubescent. to Virginia. . purpùrea, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 244.
h. S. Native of New Spain. Flowers white, tinged with but not of Nutt. Triclisperma grandiflora, Raf. specch. 1. p.
purple ?
117. Flowers larger than in any other American species, of a
Oval-leaved Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
fine purplish colour.
192 P. HEBE'CLADA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 331.) stems shrubby, Fen-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. Pl. ft.
a little branched, erect, rather villous; leaves linear, obtuse or 200 P. UNIFLÓRA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 58.) stem as-
acute, pubescent; racemes elongated, loose; wings of flower cending, almost simple ; leaves oval, acute; flowers solitary,
obovate, very obtuse ; capsules oblong, glabrous. n. S. Native pedicelled, scattered ; keel of flower beardless. 4. H. Native
of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers pale- on the banks of Lake Ontario on the confines of Canada.
violet. Perhaps the same as the following.
Flowers nodding, perhaps pale purple.
Hairy-branched Milkwort. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
One-flowered Milkwort. Pl. foot.
193 P. BRIZOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 44. t. 88.) stem her- 201 P. CHAMÆBU’xus (Lin. spec. 989.) stems suffruticose,
baceous, erect, simple, pubescent, rather naked below ; leaves branched, procumbent; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronated ;
linear, acute, upper ones longest, approximate; racemes extra- racemes 1-2-flowered ; keel of flower crested. h.H. Native
axillary, rather narrow, few-flowered ; flowers pendulous; wings of mountain woods in many parts of Europe, particularly Ger-
wedge-shaped, obliquely truncate, equal in length with the keel; many, Austria, and Switzerland. Jacq. fl. aust. t. 233. Sims,
seeds oblong, very villous. O. S. Native of Brazil in the bot. mag. t. 316. Flowers yellowish, tipped with purple.
province of Rio Janeiro. Flowers greenish, tinged with purple, Dwarf-box or Box-leaved Milkwort. Fl. May, July. Clt.
Briza-like Milkwort. Fl. Sept. Pl. i foot.
1658. Procumbent shrub 1 to foot.
194 P. Pohlia'NA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 45.) stem suffru- 202 P. VENULÒSA (Juss. in Poir. dict. 5. p. 493.) stem shrubby;
ticose, hairy; leaves oblong-ovate, rather acute, pilose, ciliated; leaves stalked, obovate, acuminated, large ; flowers racemose ;
racemes loose, few-flowered ; wings cuneated, obliquely trun- keel of flower crested. h.s. Native of Java.
cate, longer than the keel; seeds oblong, very villous. n. S. Veiny-flowered Milkwort. Shrub.
Native of Brazil in mountain pastures in the province of Minas 203 P. oxyphy'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 331.) stem shrubby ;
1
Geraes. Flowers purple.
leaves oblong, very much pointed; flowers in short racemes ;
Pohl's Milkwort. Fl. March. Shrub , foot.
keel of flower beardless; wings orbicular. h. S. Native of
195 P. Hirsu'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 45.) stem suffruticose,
HIRSU'TA
Brazil.
hairy; leaves lanceolate-ovate, acuminated, ciliated ; racemes Sharp-leaved Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot.
loose, few-flowered ; flowers pendulous; wings orbicularly- 204 P. SPECTA'BILIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 331.) stem shrubby;
wedge-shaped, very obtuse, longer than the keel; seeds oblong, leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, tapering to the base, upper ones
h.s. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas generally opposite; flowers disposed in long racemes; keel of
Geraes. Flowers pale-purple.
flower beardless; wings orbicular. h. S. Native of Para in
Hairy Milkwort. Fl. Sept. Shrub { foot.
South America.
196 P. BUXIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, l. c. p. 407.) stems Remarkable Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot.
branched, diffuse; branches hairy-pubescent ; leaves oblong- 205 P. CHINE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 989.) stem suffruticose, pros-
elliptical, rounded at the top and somewhat emarginated, with re- trate; leaves oval, obtuse ; flowers in short racemes; keel of
volute margins; racemes few-flowered, terminal as well as lateral. flower beardless; wings obovate. h. G. Native of China.
h.s. Native of Mexico near Santa Rosa. Flowers white. Flowers probably purple.
Box-leaved Milkwort. Fl. Sept. Shrub 1 foot.
China Milkwort. Shrub decumbent.
197 P. GLANDULÒsa (H. B. et Kunth, l. c. p. 404. t. 510.)
stems much branched, procumbent, covered with glandular dots; Sect. VIII. BRACHY'TROPIS (from Boaxıs, brachys, short,
leaves obovately-wedge-shaped, mucronated, without nerves, Tports, tropis, a keel ; in allusion to the keel being much shorter
somewhat puberulous, covered with pellucid dots ; flowers on than the wings). D. C. prod. 1. p.
332.
Keel of corolla beard-
pedicels, generally solitary, extra-axillary or opposite the leaves. less, much shorter than the wings of the calyx. Perhaps a
h. S. Native of New Spain. Seeds covered with retrograde proper genus allied to Comespérma.
pubescence. Vìola punctàta, Willd. ex Schlecht. in Rem. et 206 P. MICROPHY'LLA (Lin. spec. 989.) stems shrubby, twiggy;
Schult. syst. 5. p. 391.
391. Flowers white.
leaves very minute, elliptical ; racemes axillary, sessile, 8-10-
Glandular-dotted-stemmed Milkwort. Shrub procumbent. flowered. h. F. Native of Portugal in bushy places. Flowers
198 P. TRIPHY'LLA (Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. blue? P. juniperīna, Cav. annal. cienc. nat. 1801. 4. p. 53. ?
200.) wings of calyx obovate; lateral lobes of petal falcate, truncate Small-leaved Milkwort. Fl. June, July, Shrub 1 foot.
and bidentate at the top ; leaves ovate, acute, glabrous, finely
serrulated, stalked ; stem trichotomous at the apex ; branches
* Doubtful species. The most of them will probably belong
3-leaved. O. H. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. Flowers
to Section VI. SE'NEGA. Keel of flower beardless.
small, yellow, not crested.
207 P. TRIFLORA (Lin. fl. zeyl. 269.) flowers beardless ;
VOL. I.-PART. IV.
3 A
very villous.

362
POLYGALEÆ. I. POLYGALA. II. SALOMONIA. III. COMESPERMA.
grow in the
.
peduncles generally 3-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; stem put into a close frame or the propagation-house, and the
herbaceous, erect; leaves linear, alternate. O.S. Native of glasses must be taken off and wiped occasionally. The pe-
Ceylon. Flowers white.
.
rennial species belonging to other sections thrive best in a sandy
Three-flowered Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot,
peat soil; they should be always kept in small pots, and may be
208 P. PROSTRA'TA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 896.) flowers beardless; either increased by seed or dividing the plants. The shrubby
peduncles many-flowered ; stems diffuse, herbaceous; leaves kinds in the same way as recommended for those belonging to
lanceolate, obtuse. O.S. Native of the East Indies. Like Psychánthus. The annual species should be sown about the
P. glaucoides. Flowers white.
end of March in pots; they also prefer a sandy peat soil and
Prostrate Milkwort. Pl. prostrate.
heat. Most of them would grow in the open border in warm
209 P. MULTIFLORA (Poir. dict. 5. p. 497.) flowers beardless ; situations. P. chamæbúxus will grow open
border.
racemes long, terminal ? stems herbaceous, branched, twiggy;
II. SALOMO‘NIA (in honour of Solomon, King of the He-
leaves linear, few. h.?S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers blue?
brews, son of David, one of the first botanists, died 975). Lour.
Many-flowered Milkwort. Pl. 1 foot.
coch. ed. Willd. p. 18. D. C. prod. 1. p. 333.
210 P.THUNBERGII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 333.) flowers beardless,
LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Tetrandria. Calyx quinquefid ; seg-
racemose; leaves ovate, unarmed. ħ. G. Native of the Cape
ments equal. Keel cucullate. Petal 3-lobed, with the lateral
of Good Hope. P. microphylla, Thunb. prod. 121. but not
lobes falcate, intermediate one cucullately saccate, inclosing the
of Lin. Flowers purple.
Thunberg's Milkwort, Shrub 1 foot.
genitals, not crested. Filaments connate into a membranous sheath
including the style. Anthers 4, 1-celled, conglutinate around
211 P. MUCRONA'TA (Willd, spec. 3. p. 888.) flowers beard-
the stigma. Style tapering to the base, dilated and compressed
less; racemes terminal ? stem shrubby with hairy branches;
at the apex; stigma small, obtuse, pruinose. Capsules 2-lobed,
leaves lanceolate, mucronated, downy on the under surface.
ħ.S. Native of South America. Flowers purple.
2-celled, compressed, usually ciliary-serrated ; cells 1-seeded.
Small Asiatic herbs with alternate broadish leaves and slender
Mucronate-leaved Milkwort. Shrub { foot.
212 P. MYRTILLOÌDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 889.) flowers beard-
spike of minute rose-coloured flowers, each flower furnished
less; racemes opposite the leaves; stem shrubby with procum-
with a cuspidate bractea.
1 S. CANTONE'NSIS (Lour. 1.c.) herb glabrous, erect, branched ;
bent branches ; leaves roundish-ovate, reticulately veined. h.S.
Native of South America. Flowers white.
leaves cordate, acute, on very short footstalks; wings equal in
length to the keel ; capsules truncate, with crestedly-toothed
Myrtle-like Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot.
margins. O. H. Native of China about Canton. S. petiolata,
213 P. MexicA'NA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and
D. C. prod. 1. p. 333.) flowers beardless, at length drooping ;
D. Don. fl. nep. p. 200. Salmonea Cantonensis, Vahl. enum.
1. p. 8.
racemes terminal ? somewhat spiked; stems simple, erectish;
Canton Salomonia. Fl. July. Pl. 1 foot.
leaves linear, acute. h. G. Native in Mexico. Flowers
2 S. EDE'NTULA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) herb glabrous, erect,
purple ?
Mexican Milkwort. Shrub 1 foot.
branched ; leaves broad-ovate, mucronate, on very short foot-
214 P. LINARIÆFÒLIA (Poir. dict. 5. p. 495.) flowers almost
stalks ; capsules with toothless margins. 0. H. Native of
beardless ? racemes terminal? dense, ovate ; stem herbaceous,
Nipaul. Perhaps the same as the last.
round ; leaves linear, upper ones disposed in whorls.
Toothless-capsuled Salomonia. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
3 S. OBLONGIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) herb glabrous,
Flax-weed-leaved Milkwort.
215 P. UNGUICULATA (Poir. dict. 5. p. 494.) flowers beardless,
erect, very simple ; leaves oval or elliptical, mucronulate, sessile ;
crowded, axillary; petals 2, unguiculate; calyx 4-sepalled ;
wings shorter than the keel ; capsules truncate, with crestedly-
stem shrubby ; leaves ovate, mucronate. h.s.. Native of?
toothed margins, in a double series. O. H. Native of Nipaul.
Perhaps a proper genus.
S. sessilifòlia, D. Don, fl. nep. p. 201. Flowers purple.
Unguiculate-petalled Milkwort. Shrub.
Oblong-leaved Salomonia. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
216 P. RAMOSI'ssIMA (Cav. annal. cienc. nat. 1801. 4. p. 53.) hairy, as well as the peduncles ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse ; cap-
4 S.? CILIA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) stem erect, branched,
stem herbaceous, much branched ; leaves linear; spikes ter-
minal ; flowers minute. h .? G. Native in the island of Teneriffe.
sules ciliary-toothed. O. H. Native of the East Indies. Po-
Much-branched Milkwort. Pl. { foot.
lýgala ciliàta, Lin. spec. 991.
217 P.? THE’ZANS (Lin. mant. 260. exclusive Burm. syn. 2.)
Ciliated-capsuled Salomonia. Pl. į foot.
flowers beardless, solitary; peduncles 1-flowered, axillary;
Cult. These plants will require to be sown in pots in the
leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate. h.s. Native of Java and
month of March, in a mixture of sand, loam and peat, then placed
Japan. Icon. Burm. fl. zeyl. p. 195. t. 85. is truly a species planted out in the borders in a sheltered situation.
in a moderate hot-bed, and in the month of May they may be
of Ionídium. P. thèa, Burm. A. ind. p. 154. is a species of Lep-
tospermum, as is seen by the specimens collected by Burman, now III. COMESPE'RMA (from koje, kome, the hair of the head,
in the herbarium of M. Benj. Delessert. P. triphylla and P. and O Treppa, sperma, a seed; in allusion to the tuft of hairs at
pinnata of Burm. prod. f. cap. p. 20. are leguminous plants. the end of the seeds, f. 69. c.). Labill. spec. nov. holl. 2. p.
Tea-like Milkwort. Shrub.
21. D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.
Cult. All the species of Polygala are very shewy, therefore LIN. syst. Monadelphia, Octandria. Calyx 5-sepalled, de-
they deserve to be cultivated in every garden. Those belonging ciduous; two inner sepals of the form of wings, three outer
to the section Psychánthus are all natives of the Cape of Good ones small. Petals 3-5, united with the tube of the stamens,
Hope, these will thrive well in two thirds peat and one-third the lower one keel-formed, 3-lobed (f. 69. a.), middle lobe beard-
turfy loam, with a good quantity of sand mixed with it; and to less, entire, or emarginate, 2 lateral petals scale-formed (f. 69. a.)
have the cuttings proper for putting in, the shoots should be 2 superior ones alternating with the superior sepals of the calyx.
topped, they will then push out numerous young ones, which Stamens 8, united into a tube, which is cleft in front, free at the
should be taken off close to the old branch, when about three
inches long, and in a growing state, these plant in pots of sand,
apex. Anthers bursting by a terminal pore. Fruit baccate or
capsular, 2-celled, spatulate (f. 69.b.), tapering towards the base.
and place bell-glasses over them; the pots must then be Seeds with a long tuft of hair at their base (f. 69. c.). Erect
a
1

POLYGALEÆ. III. COMESPERMA. IV. BADIERA.
363
.
ܪܙ
h. G.
B
&
or scandent shrubs, rarely herbs. Bracteas 2 or 3 at the base of the roundish, acute or very obtuse, and as if they were emarginate,
flowers. Flowers small, disposed in compound panicles or sim- sometimes mucronulated, pubescent on both surfaces ; panicle
ple racemes.
somewhat pyramidal, dense, leafy at the base; wings orbicular,
1 C. RETU'SA (Labill. 1. c. t. 160.) shrub glabrous, erect ; ciliated. h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas
leaves oblong, obtuse; racemes contracted; middle lobe of corolla Geraes. Flowers whitish.
entire, h. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land.
Flowers purple. Kunth's Comesperma. Fl. April. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Retuse-leaved Comesperma. Fl. May, Aug. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 12 C. FLORIBU'NDA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 55. t. 91.) stem
2 C. SECU'NDA (Banks' herb. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) shrubby, scandent; branches thick, angular at the top ; leaves ob-
shrub pubescent, erect; leaves ovate, mucronate; racemes long, obtuse at the base, acuminate at the apex, smooth above and
secund. h.G. Native of New Holland near Endeavour river. puberulous below ; panicle composed of bundles of flowers,
Flowers purple.
rather leafy; wings obovate, hardly emarginate, puberulous in
Side-flowering Comesperma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
the middle. h.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas
3 C. CORIDIFÒLIA (Cuning. in Fields' trav. p. 337.) this species Geraes. Flowers whitish or yellowish.
is nearly allied to C. conférta of Lab. but it is not described in Bundle-flowered Comesperma. Fl. March. Shrub 3 to 7 ft.
the above work. h.G. Native of New Holland on the Blue 13 C. LAURIFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 56.) stem shrubby,
Mountains. Flowers purple.
erect; branches angular at the apex, tomentose ; leaves
Coris-leaved Comesperma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
elliptical, lanceolate, with a short acumen, smooth above, and
4. C. CONFE'RTA (Labill. specim.
FIG. 69.
tomentosely-pubescent below; panicle very loose; wings ovate-
nov. holl. 2. t. 161.) shrub erect,
orbicular, ciliated at the base.K.S.
h. S. Native of Brazil in the
glabrous ; leaves linear, crowded,
province of Minas Geraes. Flowers greenish-white.
erect, with revolute margins; racemes
Laureb-leaved Comesperma. Fl. Feb. Shrub 5 feet.
contracted; middle lobe of corolla
Cult. The species of the genus Comespérma thrive best in a
emarginated.
Native of
mixture of sandy-loam and peat ; and young cuttings will root
Van Diemen's Land. Leaves 7-8
freely if planted in sand under a bell-glass, those of the stove
lines long. Flowers purple. (f. 69.)
species in heat. They are all worthy of cultivation.
Crowded-leaved Comesperma. Sh.
1 foot.
IV. BADIERA (M. Badier, a French botanist, and friend
5 C. ERICĪNA (D. C. prod. 1. p.
of De Candolle's.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.-Penæ'a, Plum. gen.
334.) shrub glabrous, erect ; leaves
p. 22. t. 25. but not of Lin.
linear, with somewhat revolute mar-
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Octándria. Calyx 5-sepalled, de-
gins, obliquely erect; racemes rather
ciduous; sepals almost equal in size and length. Three lower
lax; middle lobe of corolla en-
petals somewhat joined at the base ; middle one of these concave,
tire. h.G. Native on the eastern
beardless. Stamens 8, monadelphous. Capsules compressed,
coast of New Holland. Leaves 3 or
obcordate, 2-celled, with furrowed margins. Seeds glabrous,
4 lines long. Flowers purple.
with a large oily arillus, filling the cell from above. American
Heath-like Comesperma. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub shrubs.
2 feet.
1 B. DIVERSIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) racemes short,
6 C. FLA'VA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) shrub glabrous, erect; axillary; leaves oval, oblong, acuminated at both ends. n. S.
leaves linear, flat, erect; racemes contracted; middle lobe of Native of Jamaica in woods. Polygala diversifòlia, Lin. amon.
corolla entire. h. G. Native on the eastern coast of New 2. p. 140.--Browne, jam. t. 5. f. 3 and 4.—Sloan. jam. 141.
Holland. Flowers yellow.
hist. 2. p. 32. t. 170. f. 2.
32. t. 170. f. 2. Flowers greenish-white.
Yellow-flowered Comesperma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
This shrub is called in Jamaica Bastard Lignum-Vitæ, because
7 C. CALYME'GA (Labill. specim. nov. holl. 2. t. 162.) herb it tastes not unlike the gum of that wood, and is sometimes used
glabrous, erect; leaves lanceolate ; wings or two inner sepals for the same purposes.
scarcely exceeding in length the rest of the sepals; middle ſobe Variable-leaved Badiera. Shrub 8 feet.
of lower petal entire. 2. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. 2 B. DOMINGE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) racemes axillary,
C. isocalyx, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 172. Flowers purple.
very long, pubescent ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse. h. s.
Large-calyxed Comesperma. Pl. 1 foot.
Native of the mountains in St. Domingo. Polygala Domin-
8 C. NUDIU'SCULA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 334.) shrub glabrous, génsis, Jacq. amer. ed. min. 252. B. Berteridna, Spreng. syst.
erect, twiggy ; leaves linear, rather setaceous, acute, upper ones
3. p. 172.
172. Flowers
Flowers greenish-yellow.
very small; racemes rather lax; wings hardly exceeding in St. Domingo Badiera. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
6
length the rest of the sepals. Þ.G. Native of New Holland 3 B. PENÆ' (D. C. prod. 1. p. 135.) flowers solitary, axil-
at King George's Sound. Flowers purple.
lary, on peduncles ; leaves obovate, obtuse. n. S. Native of
Nakedish Comesperma. Shrub 13 foot.
South America. Polygala Penæ'a, Lin. amoen. 2. p. 140. .
9 C. VIRGA'TA (Labill. specim. nov. holl. 2. t. 159.) shrub Plum. ed. Burm. t. 214. f. 1. Flowers probably yellowish.
glabrous, erect, twiggy ; leaves lanceolate-linear, bluntly acumi- Pena's Badiera. Shrub 3 to 8 feet.
nated; racemes elongated ; middle lobe of corolla emarginate. 4 B. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) racemes lateral,
Þ.G. Native of New Holland. Flowers purple.
opposite the leaves ; leaves oblong, acuminated, shorter than
Twiggy Comesperma. Shrub 3 feet.
the racemes. h. s. Native of New Spain. Polygala acumi-
10 C. VOLU’BILIS (Labill. 1. c. t. 163.) herb glabrous, twining; nàta, Willd. spec. 2. p. 887. Very like B. diversifòlia, accord-
,
,
leaves very few, lanceolate ; racemes contracted ; middle lobe of ing to Willdenow. Flowers greenish-yellow.
corolla toothed.
G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Acuminated-leaved Badiera. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
Flowers purple.
5 B. DIVARICA'TA (D. C. prod. I. p. 335.) racemes axillary,
Twining-stemmed Comesperma. Pl. twining.
panicled, velvety ; leaves oval-oblong, glabrous; wings obovate.
11 C, KUNTHIA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 54. t. 90.) stem ħ. S. Native of Para in Brazil. Perhaps belonging to this
shrubby ; branches spreading, tomentose ; leaves lanceolate or genus.
. S.
24. u
3 A 2

364
POLYGALEÆ. V. SOULAMIA. VI. MURALTIA.
Divaricated-branched Badiera. Shrub 3 to 8 feet.
h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple.
Cult. The species of Badièra will do well in a mixture of Horns shorter than the capsule.
loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings will root if planted in Wild-Thyme-leaved Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, in heat.
5 M. ALOPECUROÌDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) floral leaves
ovate, with a spiny point at the apex, crowded, glabrous, ciliated,
,
V. SOULA'MIA (Soulamou is the name of the tree in the lower leaves almost linear ; branches rather hairy ; flowers axil-
Moluccas.) Lam. dict. 1. p. 449. D. C. prod. 1. p. 335. lary, sessile. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Hexándria. Calyx of 5_sepals, Polygala alopecuroìdes, Lin. mant. 260. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1006.
.
.
3 outer ones very small, 2 inner ones larger, concave. Petal 1, Flowers purple. Horns length of capsule.
concave, Stamens 6 ? Capsules (samara) not opening, com- Fox-tail-like Muraltia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl. 2
pressed, suberose, orbicular, emarginate, 2-celled. "Seeds with- to 4 feet.
out albumen. According to Lam. the character is as follows: 6 M. TRINE'RVIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) leaves ovate, cor-
Calyx small, trifid. Petals 3. Stigma sessile. Samara 2- date, 3-nerved, glabrous, with a pungent point ; branches an-
celled, obcordate; cells l-seeded. A shrub with crowded ovate gular, glabrous; flowers axillary on pedicels. h. G. Native
leaves, tapering to the base, quite entire, and veiny. Racemes of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple. Capsule 2-
short, axillary.
horned.
1 S. AMA'RA (Lam. 1. c.) h. S.
h. S. Native of the Moluccas Three-nerved-leaved Muraltia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
and Java on rocky places by the sea-side. Rex amaròris, 7 M. SQUARRÒSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) leaves lanceolate,
Rumph. amb. 2. p. 129. t. 40. Leaves large, oval-oblong, en- spiny at the top, stiff, in bundles, upper ones spreading, lower
tire. Flowers white, racemose. The whole plant is very bitter, ones reflexed; branchlets villous ; flowers axillary, sessile. h.
and is used as a strengthening medicine in its native country, G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Polygala squarròsa,
and as a counterpoison. It is called Caju Soulamou in the island Thunb. prod. 121. Muráltia, no. 3493, Burch. cat. is only a
of Ternatea.
variety of this plant. Flowers purplish.
Bitter Soulamia. Fl. Dec. Shrub 10 feet.
Squarrose Muraltia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 ft.
Cult. As this shrub has not yet been introduced to the gar- 8 M. STIPULA'CEA (Burch. trav. 1. p. 19 and 29.) leaves
dens the mode of cultivating it is unknown, but we would re- linear, convex on the under surface, mucronate, glabrous, in
commend its being grown in a mixture of loam and sand, and bundles, distant; branchlets somewhat pubescent; flowers axil-
young cuttings will no doubt root if planted in a pot of sand, lary, sessile. ħ. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
placed under a hand-glass, in heat.
Polygala stipulàcea, Lin. mant. 260. exclusive of the synonyme
of Sieb. Andr. bot. rep. t. 263. Sims, bot, mag. 1715. Flowers
VI. MURA'LTIA (in honour of John Von Muralt, a Swiss red mixed with white.
botanist.) Neck. elem. no. 1382. D. C. prod. 1. p. 335. Heis- Stipular Muraltia. Fl. Ap. Sept. Clt. 1801. Shrub 2 to 3 ft.
tèria, Berg. cap. 185. but not of Lin.
9 M. JUNIPERIFÒLIA (D. Č. prod. 1. p. 336.) leaves trique-
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Hexándria. Calyx glumaceous, of trous, awl-shaped, mucronate, straight, and are as well as
5 sepals. Sepals almost equal. Petals 3, connected, middle branches glabrous ; flowers axillary, on very short pedicels;
one bifid, with obtuse lobes. Ovary crowned with 4 horns or capsules crowned by 4 tubercles. h. G. Native of the Cape
tubercles. Capsules 2-valved, 2-celled, crowned with 4 horns of Good Hope. Polygala juniperifòlia, Poir. 5. p. 496. Flowers
or 4 tubercles. Shrubs, natives of the Cape of Good Hope, purplish.
with a rigid spiny habit. Flowers small, axillary, sessile, usually Juniper-leaved Muraltia. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1810. Sh. 2 ft.
purple or red.
10 M. ERICÆFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 356.) leaves trigonal,
Leaves mucronately-pungent at their apex.
awl-shaped, mucronate, straight, in bundles, glabrous; branch-
.
lets somewhat pubescent ; flowers axillary, sessile; capsules
1 P. Heiste'RIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) leaves triquetrous, crowned by 4 horns. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good
stiff, spiny at the apex, in bundles; branchlets puberulous; Hope. Perhaps Polygala míxta, Thunb. prod. 121 ? but not of
?
flowers axillary, sessile. h. G. Native of the Cape of Lin. Flowers red mixed with white.
Good Hope. Heistèria púngens, Berg. cap. 185. Polygala, Heath-leaved Muraltia. Fl. May, Sept. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Heistèria, Lin. spec. 989. Curt. bot. mag. t. 340. Horns longer 11 M. SPRENGELIOÌDES (Burch. cat. no. 4957.) leaves some-
than the capsule. Flowers small, purple.
what trigonal, mucronate, pungent, scattered, at length spread-
Var. p. pilòsa, (D. C. 1. c.) leaves flattish, hairy, and ciliated. ing, and are as well as branches glabrous; flowers axillary, on
Heister's Muraltia. Fl. Jan. Clt. 1787. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. very short pedicels. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good
2 M. CONFE'RTA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) leaves oblong-lan- Hope. Flowers purple.
ceolate, in crowded bundles, rather spiny at the top, with sca- Sprengelia-like Muraltia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
brous margins ; branchlets hairy ; flowers axillary, sessile. h. 12 M. SATUREIOIDES (Burch. cat. no. 5617.) leaves somewhat
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps Polygala trigonal, mucronate, pungent, in bundles, with somewhat puberu-
thymifòlia, Thunb. prod. 121. Flowers purple. Horns longer lous margins ; branches pubescent; flowers axillary, sessile.
than the capsule.
h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves hardly 2
Crowded-leaved Muraltia. Fl. April, Sept. Sh. 2 to 3 feet. lines in length. Flowers purple. Capsules 4, rarely 3-horned.
3 M. BREVIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) leaves elliptical- Savory-like Muraltia. Shrub 1} foot.
oblong, scattered, with a recurved spiny point at the apex, 13 M. TENUIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 336.) leaves awl-
younger ones and branchlets pubescent; flowers axillary, sessile. shaped, recurved at the apex, mucronate, spreading, in bundles,
Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Capsules pubes-
Capsules pubes- very fine ; branches pubescent; flowers axillary, almost sessile.
Flowers purple.
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Polygala tenui-
Short-leaved Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
fòlia, Poir. dict. 5. p. 497. but not of Willd. Flowers purple,
4 M. SERPYLLIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 335.) leaves ovate, Capsules crowned by 4 diverging horns.
spiny at the top, with somewhat revolute margins; nerve on the Fine-leaved Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
under surface hairy ; branches hairy; flowers axillary, sessile. 14 M. ASPAʼLATHA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 336.) upper leaves
cent.
.

POLYGALEÆ. VI. MURALTIA.
365
Fl. year.
linear, somewhat trigonal, acuminated, pungent, hairy; lower 24 M. BREVICO'RNU (D. C. prod. 1. p. 337.) leaves linear,
leaves awl-shaped, glabrous; branches hairy; flowers axillary, obtuse, glabrous, tuberculated on the outside at the base, scat-
sessile ; capsules pubescent, 4-horned. h. G. Native of the tered ; branches twiggy, glabrous, flowers axillary, sessile ;
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple ?
capsules crowned with very short horns. . G. A
very
dis-
Aspalathus-like Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
tinct species. Flowers purple.
15 M. DIFFU'SA (Burch. cat. no. 916 and 354.) leaves linear, Short-horned-capsuled Muraltia. Shrub 1 foot.
acuminated, pungent, scattered, distant; branches very slender, , 25 M. OBOVA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 337.) leaves obovate, ob-
diffuse; flowers axillary, sessile. Þ.G. Native of the Cape tuse, somewhat fascicled, and are as well as branches glabrous;
of Good Hope. Polygala micrántha, Willd. spec. 2. p. 892. flowers axillary, sessile. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Andr. bot. rep. 324. Flowers purple.
Hope. Flowers purple. Habit of Múndia, but without prickles.
Diffuse-branched Muraltia. Fl. Clt. 1800. Sh. 2 ft. Obovate-leaved Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
16 M. VIRGA'TA (Burch. cat. no. 7074. and 7104.) leaves
linear-awl-shaped, pungent, scattered, straight, and are as well
+ Species not sufficiently known, and perhaps many of themi
as very slender branches glabrous; flowers axillary, sessile ;
are identical with some of those described above.
sepals oblong, very much pointed. h.G. Native of the Cape 26 M. PHYLICOÌDES (D. C. prod. 337.) leaves linear-lanceo-
of Good Hope. Polygala micrántha, Thunb. prod. cap. 121. ? late, mucronate, with revolute margins, under surface as well as
Flowers small, purple. Stems many, rising from the root. branches pubescent. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Twiggy-branched Muraltia. 'Fl. year. Clt
. 1812. Sh. 2 ft. Polygala phylicoides, Thunb. prod. 121. Flowers purple.
17 M. LINOPHY'LLA (Burch. cat. no. 510.) leaves linear, almost Phylica-like Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
awl-shaped, somewhat pungent, scattered, and are as well as 27 M. THYMIFÒLIA (D. C. l. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
branches finely puberulous or smooth ; flowers axillary, sessile ; keeled, mucronate, denticulated, and are as well as divaricating
sepals ovate-oblong, mucronate. h. G. Flowers purple. Very branches glabrous. ħ. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
like the preceding plant, but differing in the shape of the sepals. Polygala thymifòlia, Thunb. prod. 121. Flowers purple.
. .
Perhaps Polygala filiformis, Thunb. prod. 121.
Thyme-leaved Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
Flax-leaved Muraltia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. Shrub 2 ft. 28 M. PILÒSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 337.) leaves lanceolate, mu-
18 M. MACRO'CERAS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 396.) leaves linear, cronate, stiff, hairy; branchlets velvety. N.G. Native of the
awl-shaped, mucronate, straight, in crowded bundles, and are as Cape of Good Hope. Polygala pilòsa, Thunb. prod. 121.
well as the very slender branches glabrous ; flowers axillary, Flowers purple.
sessile; horns longer than the capsule. Þ.G. Native of the Hairy-leaved Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
Cape of Good Hope. Burch. cat. no. 3984.
Flowers purple.
29 M. FILIFO'RMIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 337.) leaves trigonal,
Long-horned-capsuled Muraltia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. mucronate, solitary. ħ. G. Native of the Cape of Good
h
Shrub 2 feet.
Hope. Polygala filiformis, Thunb. Flowers purple.
19 M. Mi'xta (Lin. fil, suppl. 316.) leaves linear-awl-shaped, Filiform-branched Muraltia. Fl. May, Dec. Clt. 1812.
mucronulate, straight, in crowded bundles, and are as well as Shrub 17 foot. ,
very slender branches glabrous; flowers axillary, sessile; horns 30 M. PAUCIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 337.) leaves linear,
shorter than the capsule. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good mucronated; flowers axillary, pedunculated. h. G. Polygala
Hope. Polygala míxta, Andr. bot. rep. t. 455. Sims, bot. pauciflòra, Thunb. prod. 121. Flowers purple.
mag. 1714. Flowers purple, mixed with white.
Few-flowered Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
Mixed-flowered Muraltia.
Clt. 1791. Shrub 2 ft. 31 M. BURMA'NNI (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate-linear, straight,
20 M. cilia'RIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 336.) leaves linear, awl- pressed to the stem. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good
shaped, mucronate, spreading, in bundles, and are as well as Hope. Polygala ericoides, Burm. fl. cap. prod. p. 20. Flowers
branches hispidly-ciliated; flowers axillary, sessile ; capsules probably purple.
almost unarmed. ħ. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burmann's Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
Burch, cat. no. 5566. Flowers purplish ?
32 M. POIRE'TTII (D. C. prod. 337.) leaves awl-shaped, and
Var. B, laxiúscula (D. C. l. c.) leaves shorter and more dis- are as well as twiggy branches glabrous; flowers axillary, ses-
tant. h. G. Perhaps a proper species.
sile, crowded. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Ciliated-leaved Muraltia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub Polygala ericoides, Poir. diet. 5. p. 497. Perhaps the same as
2 feet.
M. virgàta. Flowers purple.
Poiret's Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
$ 2. Leaves bluntish at the apex. .
33 M. DUMÒSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 337.) leaves somewhat
21 M. PUBE'scens (D. C. prođ. 1. p. 336.) leaves linear, linear, reflexed at the apex; flowers sessile, solitary: Þ.G.
spreading, in bundles, and are as well as branchlets velvety- Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Polygala dumòsa, Poir.
pubescent; flowers axillary, solitary. ħ. G. Native of the dict. 4. p. 495. Flowers purple.
.
Cape of Good Hope. A very distinct species. Flowers purple. Bushy Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
Pubescent Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
34 M.? LAʼXA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 337.) leaves lanceolate,
22 M. HU'MILIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 337.) leaves lanceolate- solitary; flowers racemose. ħ. G. Native of the Cape of
linear, erect, scattered ; stem dwarf, much branched; flowers Good Hope. Polygala láxa, Thunb. prod. 121. Flowers pro-
axillary, sessile, solitary. ħ. G. Native of the Cape of Good bably purple.
Hope. Polygala hùmilis, Lodd. bot. cab. 420. Flowers purple. Lax Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
Dwarf Muraltia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 1 foot. 35 M.? FASCICULA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves very slender, some-
23 M. DEPRE'ssa (Burch. cat. no. 6264.) leaves somewhat what ciliated ; branches fascicular ; flowers sessile, solitary, and
trigonal, callous, glabrous, in rosulate-bundles; younger branches in pairs. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Polygala
pubescent; flowers axillary, sessile. h. G. Native of the fasciculàta, Thunb. Poir. dict. 5. p. 502. Perhaps the same as
Cape of Good Hope. Perhaps the same as the preceding. A M. ciliàris. Flowers purple ?
low, much branched shrub. Flowers purple.
Fasciculated-leaved Muraltia. Shrub 11 foot.
Depressed Muraltia. Shrub foot.
36 M. STRIATA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 337.) leaves almost terete,
.
Fl. year.
.

366
VIII. MONNINA.
POLYGALEÆ. VI. .
MURALTIA. VII. MUNDIA.
.
a
а
unarmed. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Poly- a membranous margin. Seeds smooth or pilose, hanging almost
gala striàta, Thunb. prod. 121. Flowers probably purple. from the top of the cell (f. 70.d.). Albumen none or sparing.
Striated Muraltia. Shrub 2 feet.
Shrubs or herbs, natives of South America. Leaves of all rather
37 M.? PARVIFLORA (D.C. prod. 1. p. 337.) leaves setaceous, large, usually with revolute margins. Flowers usually with a
smoothish, minute, stipulate ? branches slender; flowers axillary, white or yellowish corolla, and blue calycine wings, disposed in
solitary, sessile. h. G.
n. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. compound or simple, terminal or lateral racemes; pedicels
O? G. Polygala parviflòra, Poir. dict. 5. p. 504.
p
.
guarded by 3 bracteas. The greater part of the species are not
Small-flowered Muraltia. Shrub 1 foot.
well known.
Cult. Muráltia is a beautiful genus of pretty furze-like shrubs, Sect. I. HEBEA’NDRA (€ße, hebe, hairy, and avep avopos, a
which deserve to be cultivated in every green-house ; they all
man ; in allusion to the stamens being hairy). D. C. prod. 1.
succeed well in a sandy peat soil; and cuttings taken from the
p. 338. Drupes without a winged margin.
young branches, and planted in sand, with a bell-glass placed
over them, will root readily.
* Racemes compound.
VII. MU'NDIA (from mundus, neat; appearance of plants).
1 M. POLYSTA'CHYA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c.) shrubby ; leaves
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 392. in adn. D. C. prod. 1.
p.
ovate, acutish; panicles and branchlets villous. h. G. Na-
337.
tive of the Andes of Peru in thickets, especially at Pillao, where
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Hepto-Octandria. Calyx of 5 sepals,
it is called Yalhoi. Flowers yellowish. The whole plant, more
glumaceous, permanent, 2 inner sepals wing-formed, 3 outer ones
especially the root, is very bitter and saponaceous, hence very
small. Petals 3 or 5, scarcely united at the base, but united
useful in medicine. It is said to have the same properties as
with the tube of the stamens at the base, middle petal cucullate,
beardless. Stamens 7-8, rather villous, monadelphous at the
Polygala Senega, and is particularly used in dysentery. Ruiz,
diss. madr. 1805. icon.
base with the tube cleft in front. Anthers opening by a pore at
the top. Disk urceolate, girding the base of the ovary. Drupe
Many-spiked Monnina. Fl. May.
Fl. May. Shrub 3 or 5 feet.
2-celled, and sometimes from abortion only 1-celled, 1-seeded.
2 M. LIGUSTRIFÒLIA (Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 417.) leaves
Seeds smooth. Albumen fleshy. Much branched, furze-like oblong-lanceolate, acute, tapering to the base, reticulately veined,
shrubs
os; branches spinose at the apex. Leaves leathery, quite
membranous; branchlets and panicles pubescent; racemes in
threes.
entire. Flowers axillary, pedicellate, guarded by 3 unequal
h.s. Native of Quito in warm places near Ayavaca.
bracteas. A genus with a calyx almost like that in Muráltia,
Flowers yellowish but with blue wings.
but with a fruit like that of Monnina.
Privet-leaved Monnina. Fl. May. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
1 M. spinosa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 338.) branches smooth, spi-
3 M. LATIFOLIA (Bonpl. ges. berl. 1808. p. 40. under the
nescent at the apex, angular ; leaves scattered, spatulate, obtuse,
name of Hebeandra) herbaceous; leaves obovate-oblong, acu-
rather mucronate ; flowers sessile ; keel 1-lobed. h. G. Na-
minated, under surface pubescent ; branches furrowed; racemes
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Polygala spinosa, Lin. amoen.
panicled. 2. S. Native of New Granada on Mount Quindiu.
Broad-leaved Monnina. Pl. 1 foot.
2. p. 141. U'lex Capensis, Lin. spec. 1046. ex Burm. herb.
Flowers small, white with a red keel. Berry eatable.
4 M. PARVIFLÓRA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 419.)
Var.a, latifolia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves obovate or oval; branches
leaves ovate-oblong, tapering to the base, lessened toward the
short, spinose at the top.
apex, under surface pubescent, reticulately veined, membrana-
Var. B, angustifolia (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oblong or lanceolate;
ceous ; branches terete, soft, hairy; racemes panicled, some-
branches twiggy. Polygala vimínea, Houtt. in herb. Deless.
what corymbose. n. G. Native of New Granada on Mount
Spinose Mundia. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1780. Shrub 2 feet.
Quindiu. Hebeándra parviflora, Bonpl. ges. berl. 1808. p.
40.
2 M. BRAZILIE'NSIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 58. t. 92.) branches
Flowers white, but with blue wings.
p
spreading, puberulous ; leaves lanceolate, acute at the base,
Small-flowered Monnina. Fl. Sept. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
obtuse at the top, usually emarginate, thin; flowers not
5 M. FASTIGIA'TA (Bonpl. ges. berl. 1808. p. 40. under He-
crested; wings rhomboid, tapering into the claw, bluntish, equal beándra) leaves oblong, acuminated at both ends, under surface
in length with the 3-lobed keel. h.s. Native of Brazil. A spi-
soft, pubescent; racemes compound. . G. Native of New
nose shrub with blue flowers, which at length become yellowish.
Granada on Mount Quindiu. Perhaps sufficiently distinct from
Brazilian Mundia. Fl. Oct.
Fl. Oct. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
M. parviflòra.
Cult. Neat furze-like shrubs, which deserve to be
Fastigiate-branched Monnina. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
pre-
served in every collection of greenhouse plants. A sandy peat
6 M. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 418. t.
t.
soil suits them best, and young cuttings planted in sand and a
505.) leaves oblong, acute, somewhat mucronate, tapering towards
bell-glass placed over them will root. M. spinosa often produces the base, reticulately-veined, membranaceous, upper surface pu-
fruit in England, by which it may be increased in abundance.
berulous, under surface as well as branchlets hairy-pubescent ;
racemes solitary and in threes. n. S. Native of Caraccas.
.
VIII. MONNI'NA (Monnino, Count de Flora Blanca, a Hebeándra pubéscens, Bonpl. ges. berl. 1808. p. 40.
Flowers
Spanish promoter of botany.) Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p.
with blue wings.
169. Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 409. D. C. prod. 1.
p.
Pubescent Monnina. Fl. Feb. Shrub 3 feet.
338. Hebeándra, Bonpl. ges. berl. 1808. p. 40.
p
7 M. PILÒSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 419.)
Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Octandria. Flowers resupinate. leaves oblong, acuminated, reticulately veined, membranous,
Calyx of 5 deciduous sepals (f. 70. a.) ; 2 inner sepals wing- upper surface puberulous, under surface hairy, but especially
formed, 3 outer ones ovate, and 2 of these are often united. the nerves and veins ; racemes many, disposed in a corymb-like
Petals 3-5, connate at the base (f. 70. b.), with the middle one bundle. n. S. Native of Quito near Ayavaca. Flowers blue.
concave and often 3-toothed. Stamens 8 ; filaments hairy, Hairy-veined Monnina. Fl. Aug. Shrub 6 feet.
.
rather diadelphous, or united into a tube which is cleft in front; 8 M. A'STUANS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 338.) shrubby ; leaves
anthers bursting by an oblique chink at the apex. Fruit dru- lanceolate, stalked, and are as well as branches somewhat pu-
paceous or capsular, cordate or obovate (f. 70.d.), 2-celled, 2- bescent; racemes branched, puberulous.
Native of
seeded, or from abortion 1-celled, 1-seeded (f. 70.c.), inde- New Granada. Polygala a'stuans, Lin. suppl. 315. Flowers
hiscent, at least in all the Brazilian species, sometimes girded by blue.
n. S.
.
.

POLYGALEÆ. VIII. MONNINA.
367
Scorching Monnina. Shrub 6 feet.
the province of Pasto. Hebeandra
FIG, 70.
9 M. cestriFÓLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 413. revolūta, Bonpl. 1. c. Flowers white,
t. 502.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, veiny, leathery, tapering with blue wings (f. 70.).
to the base, with revolute margins, and are as well as branchlets Revolute-leaved Monnina. Fl.
glabrous; racemes many, disposed in crowded corymbs. ħ.S. Dec. Shrub 2 feet.
Native of South America near the city of Quito. Hebeandra 19 M. RUPE'STRIS (H. B. et
cestrifòlia, Bonpl. 1. c.? Flowers with blue wings.
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 415.)
Cestrum-leaved Monnina. Shrub 3 feet.
leaves oblong, somewhat acuminated,
10 M. PHYTOLACCÆFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. mucronate, narrowed at the base,
p. 413. t. 503.) leaves elliptical-oblong, acute at both ends, irregularly and undulatedly den-
t
reticulately-veined, thickish, glabrous ; branchlets rather hairy; ticulated, reticulately veined, mem-
,
racemes generally in threes. ħ. S.
Ñ . s. Hebeándra padifòlia, branaceous, smoothish; branchlets
Bonpl. 1. c. Flowers with blue wings and yellow petals. hairy; racemes solitary. h.s. Na-
Var. a; branchlets rather hairy ; leaves elliptical-oblong, tive of New Granada on Mount Sa-
acute at both ends. Native of New Granada near Mariquita. raguru. Perhaps Hebeándra celas-
Var. B; branchlets villous; leaves oblong, narrowed and troìdes and ligustrìna of Bonpl.
acute at both ends. Native of Caraccas on Mount Avila. He- 1. c. ? Flowers with blue wings.
beándra padifòlia, Bonpl. 1. c.
Rock Monnina. Shrub 2 feet,
Phytolacca-leaved Monnina. Fl. Ju. Dec. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 20 M. CONFE'RTA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 173.)
11 M. OBSCU'RA ; leaves leprous, oblong-lanceolate, with re- shrubby ; leaves crowded, oblong, with a very small point ;
volute margins, tapering to both ends; racemes simple or rather racemes short, corymbose, terminal. n. S. Native in thickets
compound, lateral and terminal, loose ; stem much branched. on the Andes. Flowers bluish. Drupe ovate, glabrous.
H.S. Native of Mexico. Like M. salicifolia.
Crowded-leaved Monnina. Shrub ik foot.
Obscure Monnina. Shrub 2 feet.
21 M. CARDIOCA'RPA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 60. t. 93.) stem
12 M. DE'PPEI; pubescent; leaves ovate or roundish, blunt- suffruticose, hairy; leaves broad-linear, tapering to the base,
ish; racemes corymbose, lateral and terminal, forming a panicle. very obtuse, and as if they were emarginate, denticulated, full
1. S. Native of Mexico. Flowers blue.
of glandular dots ; racemes spike-formed, loose, solitary ; wings
Deppe's Monnina. Shrub lį foot.
. 11
obovate-orbicular, very obtuse ; capsule 2-celled, heart-shaped,
Racemes simple and solitary.
smooth, wingless. þ.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers pale blue.
Heart-fruited Monnina. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 foot.
13 M. XALAPE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. p. 22 M. SELLÒI (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 175.) erect; stem beset
414.) leaves oblong, acuminated, tapering to the base, reti- with branched pili ; leaves oblong or obovate-lanceolate, tapering
culately-veined, membranous, smoothish ; racemes solitary or to both ends, but much more so at the base, with ciliated re-
in pairs. H.G. Native of Mexico near Xalapa. Hebeandra volute margins; young leaves pilose on the nerves beneath ;
euonymoides, Bonpl. I. c.
Flowers with blue wings.
racemes terminal, solitary, elongated; flowers large. 4. S.
Xalapa Monnina. Fl. March. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
Native of Brazil. Perhaps M. tristaniæfòlia, St. Hil.
14 M. NEMORÒSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. p. 410.
Sello's Monnina. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
t. 504.) leaves elliptical-oblong, acute, mucronate, tapering, and 23 M. LANCIFÒLIA ; erect; leaves lanceolate, finely reticu-
revolute at the base, obsoletely denticulated, rather veiny, lated, with a strong middle nerve ; racemes lateral and terminal,
thickish, glabrous, younger ones as well as branchlets pubescent; crowded near the tops of the branches. n. S. Native of
racemes bifid or simple. h.S. Native of the province of Brazil. Plant smooth. Flowers rather large.
Quito in thickets. Hebeándra mucronata, Bonpl. 1. c. Flowers
Lance-leaved Monnina. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
with a yellow corolla and blue wings.
24 M. TUBERÒSA; racemes loose, simple, terminal, or lateral;
Grove Monnina. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, membranous, smooth ; stem
15 M. MYRTILLOIDES (Bonpl. ges. berl. 1808. p. 40. under suffruticose, climbing ; branchlets pubescent. n. S. Native
the name of Hebeandra) leaves elliptical, acute at both ends, of Brazil. Roots tuberous. Flowers blue.
rather coriaceous, racemes simple. h.s. Native of Peru in Tuberous-rooted Monnina. Pl. 1 foot.
groves. Wings of flowers blue.
25 M. CROTALARIOIDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 339.) shrubby;
Myrtle-like Monnina. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
leaves elliptical, acuminated at both ends, lower ones ovate ;
16 M. OBTUSIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
branchlets covered with pressed pubescence; racemes elon-
411.) leaves oblong, obtuse, wedge-shaped at the base, obso- gated. h.S. Native of South America. Berry ovate, black.
letely veined, rather leathery, and are as well as branchlets Crotalaria-like Monnina. Shrub 2 feet.
glabrous; racemes solitary. ħ. S. Native of New Granada
.
26 M. MEXICA'NA ; pubescent, suffruticose ; leaves oblong-
near Almaguer. Hebeándra Phylliræoides, Bonpl. 1. c. Flowers lanceolate, acute; racemes terminal, solitary ; stem branched ;
violet and white.
root hard, woody. H.S. Native of Mexico.
Obtuse-leaved Monnina. Fl. Dec. Shrub 12 feet.
Mexican Monnina. Shrub 1 foot.
17 M. CRASSIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
27 M. CÆRU'LEA ; stem suffruticose, erect, pilose ; leaves
411.) leaves linear-oblong, rounded at the apex, obtuse at the smooth, but rather hairy on the nerves beneath, oblong, acumi-
base, veinless, fleshy, leathery, glabrous; branchlets pubescent, nated, acute ; racemes solitary, slender, elongated. h.s. Na-
leafy ; racemes solitary. h. S. Native on mountains about tive of Mexico. Flowers blue.
Quito. Flowers with blue wings.
Blue-flowered Monnina. Shrub 17 foot.
Thick-leaved Monnina. Shrub 6 feet.
28 M. LANCEOLA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 339.) suffruticose ?
18 M. REVOLUTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous; branches divaricating;
p. 412. t. 501.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, at base bluntish, racemes elongated, pedunculated. h .? S. Native of Peru.
with revolute margins, veinless, leathery, hairy ; branchlets Polygala lanceolata, Poir. dict. 5. p. 498.
pubescent; racemes solitary. h.S. Native on the Andes in Lanceolate-leaved Monnina. Shrub 14 foot.

368
POLYGALEÆ. VIII. MONNINA. IX. JACKIA.
29 M. SALICIFOLIA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 172.) obtuse; capsule 1-celled, elliptic, smooth, broadly winged.
shrubby; leaves lanceolate, smooth on the upper surface, with 4. S. Native of Brazil in the eastern part of the province of
a small point ; branches hairy; racemes short, almost pyramidal. Cis Platine. Flowers purple, nodding.
h.S. Native of Peru among decayed rocks. Flowers purple. Wedge-leaved Monnina. Fl. Oct. Pl. 2 feet.
Willow-leaved Monnina. Shrub 2 feet.
41 M. EMARGINA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 63.) stem woody
30 M. PA'LLIDA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 175.) leaves oblong, at the base, puberulous ; leaves wedge-shaped, cordate at the
tapering to both ends, and are as well as the branches smooth; apex, with a recurved mucrone in the recess, quite entire,
racemes axillary, simple; fruit smooth. ḥ.S. Native of Brazil. smoothish ; racemes spike-formed, loose; wings somewhat or-
Pale Monnina. Shrub.
bicular ; capsule 1-celled, elliptic, pubescent, winged, Þ. s.
31 M. LONGIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 339.) suffruticose ; Native of Brazil in the northern part of the province of Rio
leaves narrow-lanceolate, very long ; branches rather velvety ; Grande do Sul. Flowers purple.
racemes short, rather lax, pyramidal. h. S. Native of Brazil. Emarginate-leaved Monnina. Fl. June. Pl. i} foot.
Polygala salicifòlia, Poir. dict. 5. p. 498. .
42 M. STENOPHY'LLA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 64.) stem woody;
Long-leaved Monnina. Shrub i to 2 feet,
a little striated, sparingly-branched ; leaves linear, bluntish,
32 M. BIFURCA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex, icon. ined, and mucronulate, quite entire, smooth; racemes spike-formed; wings
D. C. prod. 1. p. 339.) stem herbaceous, forked at the
apex;
leaves orbicular ; capsule 1-celled, orbicular, pubescent, winged. h.S.
lanceolate on short footstalks, upper ones somewhat opposite, Native of Brazil on Mount Serra da Caraca in the province of
glabrous; racemes terminal, in pairs. 2. S. Native of Mexico. Minas Geraes. Flowers purple.
Bifurcate-stemmed Monnina. Pl. 2 feet.
Narrow-leaved Monnina. Fl. May. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.'
33 M. CILIOLÒSA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex, icon. ined. and 43 M. TRISTANIA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 65.) stem rather
D. C. prod. 1. p. 340.) suffruticose, dichotomous; leaves oblong, woody at the base, rather angular, puberulous, sparingly branched;
acute, lessened at the base; leaf-stalks short, ciliated; racemes leaves linear, tapering to the base, obtuse, mucronulate, quite
short. h.S. Native in Mexico.
entire; racemes spike-formed, very loose; wings ovate, very
Ciliary-footstalked Monnina. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
blunt; capsule 1-celled, elliptical, winged. 4. S. Native of
34 M. LINEARIFÒLIA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p.
173. Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers purplish.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 340.) suffruticose ; leaves linear, almost ses- Tristan's Monnina. Fl. Aug. Oct. Pl. 3 to 4 feet.
sile, glabrous; racemes long, naked at the base, 4.
2. G. Na- 44 M. RICHARDIA'NA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 66.) stem suffru-
tive of Chili in subalpine places.
ticose, simple, angular at the apex, pubescent; leaves elliptical,
Linear-leaved Monnina. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
very blunt, mucronulate, quite entire, smoothish, upper ones
35 M. HERBA'CEA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 340.) herbaceous ; at oblong-linear or linear, pubescent; racemes spike-formed, loose;
top a little branched, glabrous; leaves rhomb-lanceolate ; ra- wings orbicular ; capsule 1-celled, elliptically-orbicular, pubes-
cemes rather elongated ; drupe pubescent, wingless. O. S. cent, winged. h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas
Native of Peru near Lima.
Geraes. Flowers purple.
Herbaceous Monnina. Pl. 1 foot.
Richard's Monnina. Fl. May, Sept. Pl. 1 to 1į foot.
Cult. None of the species of this genus are worth cultivating
Sect. II. PTEROCA'Rya (from prepov, pteron, a wing, and for ornament. They will all thrive well in a mixture of loam
kapvov, karyon, a nut; fruit girded by a wing). D. C. prod. 1. and
peat, and young cuttings will root readily if planted in a
p. 340. Fruit expanded at the margin into a membranous wing. pot of sand with a bell-glass placed over them, in heat,
36 M. MACROSTA'CHYA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. 1. p. 173.)
herbaceous ; leaves lanceolate-rhomboid; racemes very long,
IX. JA'CKIA (to the memory of Dr. Jack, a meritorious
lateral, and terminal ; drupes glabrous, girded by a narrow, botanist who travelled in Sumatra). Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht.
nervous, toothed membrane. Native on the hills of Peru. Linnæa. 1. p. 646.
.
Flowers with purple wings?
Lin. syst. Diadélphia, Octandria. Calyx of 5 equal, de-
SYST.
Long-racemed Monnina. Fl. Aug. Sep. Pl. 2 feet.
.
ciduous sepals, which are imbricate in the bud. Petals 5,
37 M. PTEROCA'RPA (Ruiz et Pav. A. per. syst. 1. p. 174.)
p
middle one keel-formed. Stamens 8; filaments diadelphous,
herbaceous, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, lower ones somewhat tumid at the base. Ovary on a very short pedicel, semi-or-
ovate; racemes very long ; drupes girded by a membrane, which bicular ; cells 2-4-seeded. Drupe globose, containing a 1-seeded
is emarginate at both ends. 2. S. Native of Peru. Flowers nucleus. Seeds without albumen, but the endopleura is never-
purple. Plant bitter.
theless tumid. Cotyledons large, thick. Radicle short, supe-
Wing-fruited Monnina. Fl. Aug. Sep. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. rior. Shrubs or trees with stipulas in the axillæ of the leaves,
38 M. ANGUSTIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 340.) herbaceous, these are spinescent. Leaves coriaceous, entire. Flowers in
glabrous; leaves linear, lower ones somewhat lanceolate ; ra- axillary and terminal racemes.
cemes very long; drupes girded by a membrane. 4.S. Na- 1 J. VITELLI'NA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p.
tive of Peru about Lima.
647.) leaves elliptical-oblong, obtusely acuminated, flat; racemes
Narrow-leaved Monnina. Pl. 1 foot.
compound, twin, terminal, longer than the leaves or axillary,
39 M. RESEDOÌDes (f
(St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 61. t. 94.) stem . solitary. h.S. Native of Java,
solitary. ħ.S. Native of Java, Monnina vitellìna, Spreng.
subherbaceous, sparingly branched, somewhat dichotomous ; Yellow-barked Jackia. Tree 30 feet.
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, undulately-denticulated, smooth- 2 J. EXCE'LSA (Blum. l. c.) leaves elliptical-oblong, waved ;
ish; racemes spike-formed, loose ; wings obovate ; capsule 2- racemes compound, axillary, and terminal, crowded, shorter
celled, heart-shaped, with a narrow wing. 4. S. Native of than the leaves. h.S. Native of Java. A large tree. Mon-
Brazil on the banks of the river Uruguay. Flowers violet. nina excelsa, Spreng. syst. app. p. 265.
Reseda-like Monnina. Fl. Jan. Pl. 1. foot.
FI
Tall Jackia. Tree 60 feet.
40 M. CUNEA'TA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 62. t. 95.) stem her- 3 J. LONGIFÒLIA (Blum. l. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated,
baceous, almost simple, puberulous ; leaves wedge-shaped, linear, flat; racemes compound, axillary, and terminal, much shorter
obtuse or truncately emarginate, mucronulate, quite entire ; than the leaves. ñ .s. Native of Java.
h. S. Native of Java. Monnina longifòlia,
racemes spike-formed, very narrow, lax; wings obovate, very Spreng. syst. app. p. 265.

POLYGALEÆ. X. BREDEMEYERA. XI. SECURIDACA.
369
Long-leaved Jackia. Tree.
Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes near a village called
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit this
genus Curumatahy. Flowers purple.
well, and young cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand, with
a
Rivina-leaved Securidaca. Fl. Sept. Shrub climbing.
a hand-glass placed over them, in heat.+
5 S. LANCEOLA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 69.) stem shrubby,
climbing ; branches spotted, puberulous at the apex ; leaves
,
X. BREDEME'YERA (in honour of Bredemeyer, a German lanceolate, lower ones obovate or somewhat orbicular, finely
botanist). Willd. nov. act. nat. scrut. berl. 3. p. 411. t. 6. nerved, all smooth above and puberulous beneath ; racemes
D. C. prod. 1. p. 340.
rather loose; wings of flower somewhat elliptically orbicular,
LIN. SYST.
Monodélphia, Octandria. Calyx of 5 sepals, finely ciliated; wing of fruit crested.
.
ħiv. S. Native of
two inner sepals petal-formed. Petals 3, with the middle one Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers purple.
keel-formed. Stamens 8, monadelphous at the base.
Drupe
Lanceolate-leaved Securidaca. Shrub climbing.
ovate, with a 2-celled nut.
A doubtful genus.
6 S. mo'llis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 421.)
1 B. FLORIBU'NDA (Willd. 1. c.). h. S. Native of Caraccas
h
stem climbing ; branchlets pubescent; leaves roundish-ovate,
by the margins of woods. Leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at both ends, upper surface puberulous, under surface
very entire, glabrous, on short footstalks. Bracteas awl-shaped,
Bracteas awl-shaped, soft, pubescent; racemes terminal. ħ. v. S. Native on the
.
situated at the base of the pedicels. Flowers small, yellow,
banks of the river Amazon. P. coriácea, Bonpl. Lower petal
disposed in terminal panicles.
spatulate. Flowers violaceous.
Bundle-flowered Bredemeyera. Shrub 5 to 8 feet.
Soft-leaved Securidaca. Fl. Aug. Shrub twining.
Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of sand, loam,
7 S. PUBE'SCENS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 341.) stem climbing ;
and peat. Cuttings taken from young branches and planted in leaves oval, ovate, or obovate, under surface as well as branch-
the same kind of soil will root freely under a hand-glass, in heat.
lets somewhat pubescent; racemes terminal. h.u.S. Native
v
of Cayenne and Guiana. Perhaps two species are here con-
XI. SECURIDA'CA (from securis, a hatchet; in allusion to
fused. Flowers purplish.
the form of the wing at the end of the pod). Lin. gen. no. 852.
Var. a, obovàta (D. C. l. c.) leaves obovate, obtuse.
Lam. ill. t. 599. D. C. prod. 1. p. 340. but not of Tourn.
Var. B, ovàta (D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acutish.
LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Octandria. Calyx 5-sepalled, 2
Pubescent Securidaca. Shrub climbing.
inner sepals petal-formed, 3 outer ones small. Petals 5, almost 8 S. HEBE'CLADA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 341.) stem rather climb-
joined together and united to the tube of the stamens at their ing ; branches and nerves of leaves on the under surface as
base; the middle one forming a keel which is 3-lobed at the well as pedicels clothed with velvety hairs ; leaves oval, mu-
top, the 2 lateral ones are scale-formed, the superior 2 conniving.
cronate, shining on the upper surface ; racemes terminal, rather
Stamens 8, united into a tube at the base, which is cleft in front leafy. K. u.S. Native in Brazil.
h.v.S. Native in Brazil. Flowers the size of those
but free at the apex; anthers bursting by a pore at the apex.
of S. virgàta, very smooth. Fruit unknown.
Capsules ovate, indehiscent, 1-celled, 1-seeded, ending in a
Hairy-branched Securidaca. Shrub climbing.
hatchet-formed, leafy wing at the apex, and often marginated.
9 S. ACUMINATA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 70.) stem shrubby,
Seed naked, hanging from the top of the cell. Albumen sparing. climbing ; branches hirsutely-tomentose leaves ovate, acu-
;
Climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate, ovate, or oblong, entire.
minated, smooth above, pilose beneath ; racemes rather conical,
Flowers in lateral or terminal racemes. Pedicels furnished with broadish; wings irregularly orbicular, puberulous in the mid-
3 bracteas at the base.
dle on the back. h.v.S. Native of Brazil in the province of
Minas Geraes. Flowers purple.
* Stems twining and climbing.
Acuminate-leaved Securidaca. Fl. Jan. Shrub climbing,
1 S. VIRGA'TA (Swartz, Al. ind. occid. 3. p. 1231.) glabrous; 10 S. TOMENTÒSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 71. t. 96.) branches
stem climbing ; branches twiggy ; leaves roundish, very blunt; woody, hirsutely-tomentose; leaves elliptically ovate, some-
racemes terminal ; wing of capsule rounded. h.
hiv. S. Na- what emarginate, obtuse, ciliated, smooth and shining above,
tive of Jamaica, Hispaniola, Porto-Rico, Trinidad, &c. in bushy but tomentose beneath; racemes capitate, sessile ; wings of
places.Plum. ed Burm. t. 248. f. 1. Leaves deciduous, flower obovate, very blunt; outer sepals ciliated. h. v.S.
hardly half an inch long. Flowers fragrant, variegated.
Native of Brazil. S. divaricata, Mart.? Flowers purplish.
Twiggy-branched Securidaca. Clt. 1739. Shrub climbing. Tomentose Securidaca. Shrub climbing.
2 S. VOLU'BILIS (Lin. spec. 992.) stem twining ; branchlets 11 S. DIVARICA'TA (Mart. in act. bonn. vol. 11.) branches
somewhat pubescent ; leaves oval-oblong, acute; racemes la-
twisted ; leaves ovate-elliptical, very obtuse, coriaceous, shining
teral ; wing of capsule obovate, appendiculated on the back from above, tomentose beneath ; racemes dense, panicled. ñ.us. S.
the base. h. n. S. Native of South America near Santa Native of Brazil. Flowers purplish.
Martha and Carthagena as well as in Trinidad. S. scándens,
Divaricate-branched Securidaca. Shrub climbing.
Kunth. Flowers red or purple, fragrant.
12 S. COMPLICA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
Twining Securidaca. Clt. 1739. Fl. March. Shrub twining. 423.) stem climbing ; leaves ovate-elliptic, obtuse, rounded at
3 S. OVALIFO'LIA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 68.) stem suffruti- the base, covered with complicated hairs on the under surface ;
cose, climbing, branched ; leaves thin, ovate, or orbicularly- branchlets soft, hairy. h.u.S. Native on the banks of the river
ovate, very blunt and finely nerved, smooth above and pilose
Orinoco. S. péndula, Bonpl. Bearing two glands at the base
beneath; wings of flower obovate, scarcely ciliated at the base ;
of the leafstalks in place of stipulas. Lower petal linear-
wing of capsule finely ciliated and denticulated. h.v.S. ,
oblong, equalling in length the upper one. Flowers purplish.
Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers yellowish-white. Complicated-haired Securidaca. Fl. May. Shrub climbing.
Oval-leaved Securidaca. Fl. Dec. Shrub climbing.
4 S. RIVINÆFÒLIA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 2. p. 69.) stem shrubby,
* * Stems erect.
climbing ; branches tomentose ; leaves elliptical, sometimes rather
orbicular, with a very short acumen, smoothish above and to- 13 S. ERE'CTA (Lin. spec. 992.) stem erect ; leaves oblong,
mentose beneath ; wings of flowers obovately-orbicular, very acute at both ends ; branchlets and pedicels somewhat pubes-
blunt, hardly ciliated; wing of fruit ? h. u. S. Native of cent; racemes terminal, simple. ñ. s. Native of Hispaniola
3 B
VOL. I.-PART. IV.

370
POLYGALEÆ. XI. SECURIDACA. XII. CARPOLOBIA. XIII. KRAMERIA.
raceme.
U
and St. Thomas, among stones. Jacq. amer. p. 197. t. 183.
* Leaves simple.
f. 39. Swartz. obs. 294. Flowers purple.
Erect Securidaca. Shrub 12 feet.
1 K. IXÌNA (Lin. spec. 177.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, with
14 S. PANICULA'TA (Lam. ill. t. 599. f. 2. Poir. dict. 7. p. spiny points, villously-pubescent; pedicels axillary, bibracteate,
52.) stem erect ; leaves oval-oblong, rather acute ; branches disposed in terminal racemes. h. S. Native of Cumana,
smoothish; racemes terminal, somewhat compound. h. S. where it is called cordilla breva, also near Angustura on the
Native of Cayenne. Wing of fruit appendiculate on the back Orinoco, and St. Domingo. Flowers purple, tetrandrous. Whe-
from the base. Flowers purple.
ther there be any thing viscid in this plant which might induce
Panicled-flowered Securidaca. Shrub 6 feet.
its discoverer to adopt the Greek word ixine does not appear.
15 S. BRAZILIE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 175.) leaves obo- Ixina Krameria, Shrub procumbent.
vate, obtuse, pubescent beneath as well as the branches ; flowers 2 K. SECUNDIFLORA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and
panicled. h.s. Native of Brazil. Flowers purplish ? D. C. prod. 1. p. 341.) leaves linear, acute, villous ; pedicels
Brazilian Securidaca. Shrub 6 feet.
longer than the leaves, furnished with two bracteas, disposed in
Cult. The species of Securidàca grow well in a mixture of a secund raceme. 4. S. Native of Mexico. Flowers pro-
loam, peat, and sand, and if cuttings are planted in a pot of bably red.
sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, they will root readily. Secund-flowered Krameria. Pl. 1 foot, .
3 K. PAUCIFLORA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. and
XII. CARPOLO'BIA (from kaptos, karpos, a fruit, and D. C. prod. 1. p. 341.) leaves oblong-linear, villous ; pedicels
Roßos, lobos, a pod ; in allusion to the berry containing a silky few, longer than the leaves, bearing 2 bracteas on the middle of
pod or seed.)
each ; lower lobe of calyx gibbous. 2. G. Native of Mexico.
LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Octándria. Sepals 5, somewhat Flowers probably red.
bilabiate. Petals 3-5, with a large keel; the rest nearly equal, Few-flowered Krameria. Pl. 1 foot.
all unguiculate. Stamens 8, monadelphous ? Drupe contain- 4 K. TRIA'NDRA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl.
FIG. 71.
ing 1 villous, silky seed, or a silky 1-seeded legume. Smooth- per. 1. t. 93.) leaves oblong, acut-
branched shrubs, with alternate, entire leaves. Flowers dis- ish, silky-villous ; pedicels rather
posed in axillary few-flowered racemes.
longer than leaves, furnished with
1 C. VERSI'COLOR ; leaves oval, acuminated, mucronate, entire; two bracteas, disposed in a short
peduncles 3-5-flowered. h.S. Native of Sierra Leone on
h. G. Native of Peru
the mountains. Flowers cream-coloured, striated.
on declivities of sandy mountains,
Party-coloured-flowered Carpolobia. Shrub 4 feet.
where the root is called Rattany,
2 C. du'bia ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, cordate at the V or Ratanhia. It possesses powerful
base, on long footstalks ; racemes in panicles, many-flowered ; tonic and astringent qualities. Ac-
stamens distinct ? ħ.S. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers cording to the analysis of a French
Z
white.
chemist it contains gallic acid, but
Doubtful Carpolobia. Shrub 4 feet.
neither tannin nor resin.
3 C. LUTEA ; leaves ovate, acuminated, mucronate; on short This plant is gathered in large
footstalks ; peduncles 2-5-flowered. ñ . S. Native of Sierra
.
quantities, from which a beautiful
Leone. Flowers yellow.
extract is prepared, which, as well
Yellow-flowered Carpolobia. Shrub 4 feet.
as the root, is imported into Portu-
4 C. A'LBA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, on short gal for improving the colour and richness of red wine. From
footstalks ; peduncles usually 2-flowered. h. S. Native of this use in manufacturing of wine, the Portuguese and Spanish
Sierra Leone. Flowers white, streaked with red.
merchants have kept its properties so concealed, that in this
White-flowered Carpolobia. Shrub 6 feet.
country the root was unknown till very lately: the deep
Cult. These shrubs will grow freely in a mixture of loam colour it communicates to port wine renders it an article of great
and sand, and young cuttings will strike root in sand under a and deserved value to the manufacturer of wine. The sensible
hand-glass, in heat.
properties chiefly reside in the cortical part of the root; the lig-
neous part is tough and somewhat mucilaginous. On being
XIII. KRAME'RIA (in honour of John George Henry and slightly masticated the root discovers a grateful astringency,
William Henry Kramer, M.D., father and son, German bota- and is slightly aromatic and bitter. These qualities are imparted,
nists; the former published Tentamen Botanicum in 1728 and as well as its colouring matter, to cold and boiling water and to
1744, the latter Flora Austriæ in 1756; it must also dis- proof spirit. The tincture made with brandy approaches very
tinguish John Rudolf Kramer, who wrote a dissertation on near to the flavour of port wine. The foreign extract, which is
Myrtus in 1731). Loefl. itin. 195. Ruiz et Pav. prod. fl. a gum-resin, is a very beautiful transparent article. The extract
per. t. 3. Juss. mem. mus. 1. p. 390.
390. D. C. prod. 1. p. 341. made from a decoction or infusion of the root is powdery, and
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Tetra-Hexandria. Sepals 4 (f.
. not so astringent as the powdered root. Dr. Duncan asserts
71. a.), rarely 5, irregular, spreading, silky on the outside and that the foreign extract of this root cannot be discovered from
coloured on the inside. Petals 4-5, in 2 series, 3 inner ones kino, but this melts and swells on exposure to the heat, and
unguiculate, with the claws united at the base. Stamens 3 or thus it does when as dry as kino, which becomes charred on ex-
4, somewhat monadelphous at their base or free; anthers open- posure to heat. Rhatany is a very valuable tonic medicine for
ing by 2 pores at the apex (f. 71. d.). Fruit globose, indehiscent, indigestion arising from direct debility. The solution of the
covered with bristly prickles (f. 71. e. b.), 1-celled, 1-seeded foreign extract, dissolved in a camphoretic mixture, is a remedy
(f. 71. e.), or incompletely 2-celled, 2-seeded. Embryo straight. in advanced stages of typhus fever; and it possesses all the good
Albumen none. Diffuse, many-stemmed shrubs. Leaves alter-
-
qualities of port wine and is exempt from its pernicious ingre-
nate, entire, simple or trifoliate. Flowers axillary, or on the top dient alcohol. It is an excellent tonic to accompany the use
of the branchlets, generally solitary or disposed in spike-formed of diuretics, cathartics and absorbent stimulants in cases of dropsy.
racemes. Pedicels usually furnished with 2 or 3 bracteas. It
may
be substituted for bark or kino.
p
1

POLYGALEÆ. XIII. KRAMERIA. TREMANDREÆ. I. TETRATHECA.
371
a
a
The compound tincture of Rhatany is a pleasant and effica- with them; these are involute in the bud, inclosing the stamens,
;
cious stomachic; taken in doses of a tea-spoonful in a little water and much larger than the calyx, also deciduous. Stamens hy-
3 or 4 times a day it will prove a good remedy in indigestion,
pogynous, distinct, 2 in front of each petal, therefore there are
heart-burn, cramp of the stomach, nervous irritability, &c.
8 or 10 in each flower ; filaments erect; anthers inserted by
The simple tincture is made with three ounces of the pow-
the base, 2-4-celled, bursting by a pore or tube at the apex.
dered root to a quart of proof spirit, and is much used by den-
tists with equal parts of rose-water as a lotion to astringe the Ovary ovate (f. 72. c.), compressed, 2-celled ; each cell con-
gums. Equal parts of powdered 'Rhatany-root, oris-powder, taining 1-3 ovulæ (f. 72. d.). Capsule ovate, compressed, 2-
areca-nut, and charcoal form the best tooth-powder.
celled, 2-valved (f. 72.c.), bearing a dissepiment in the middle of
Rhatany or Triandrous Krameria. Shrub 1 foot.
each valve. Seeds pendulous, ovate, with a naked umbilicus, and
5 K. GRANDIFLORA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 2. p. 73. t. 97.) stem suffru-
ticose, prostrate, almost simple, smooth below and hairy above;
terminated by a caruncle-like appendage, inserted at the apex
leaves lanceolate, very acute, spinulose, lower ones smoothish, of the disse piment. Embryo cylindrical, straight, placed in the
upper ones hairy ; racemes spike-formed; flowers large, secund.
axis of a fleshy albumen, with the radicle pointing towards the
h.s. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of
umbilicus, not superior.
Goyaz Flowers red.
This is a small order containing elegant, erect, heath-like
Great-flowered Krameria. Fl. June. Shrub prostrate.
6 K. RUSCIFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 74.) stem suffruticose, shrubs, natives of New Holland, usually beset with pili, which
prostrate ; branches simple, flexuous, pilose below and villous are tipped with capitate glands. The leaves are either alternate
above; leaves lanceolate-ovate, very acute, spinulose, villous ; or in whorls, without stipulas, entire or toothed. The pedicels
racemes spike-formed, flexuous, flowers secund. h.s. Native
are axillary, solitary, and 1-flowered. The flowers are usually
of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers red.
Butcher's-Broom-leaved Krameria. Shrub prostrate.
purple, and may be compared to those of Bauera, as well as
7 K. TOMENTÒSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 74.) stem suffruti-
the habit of the shrubs. This order is allied to Polygàleæ,
cose, erect, tomentose, branched ; leaves ovate, elliptical
, spinu- also to Droseràcea, but differs from the first in the stamens
lose, tomentose ; racemes spike-formed, short, few-flowered. being free as well as in having regular flowers, and from the last
h.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes.
in the capsule being 2-celled, and from all in cells of the
Flowers red.
Tomentose Krameria. Fl. May. Shrub 1 foot.
anthers. Nothing is known of the properties of the plants con-
8 K. ARGE'NTEA (Mart. in act. bonn. vol. 11.) leaves oblong,
tained in this order.
acutish, rather thick, acute from a deciduous point, upper ones
Synopsis of the genera.
villous ; racemes spike-formed, villous. ħ.s. Native of Bra-
1 TETRATHE'CA. Sepals 4 (f. 72. a.), nearly equal. Petals
zil. Flowers red?
Silvery Krameria. Shrub prostrate.
4 (f. 72. b.). Stamens 8; anthers 4-celled. Seeds usually soli-
9 K. LINEA'RIS (Ruiz et Pav. Al. per. 1. t. 94. f. a.) prostrate; tary in the cells.
leaves linear-awl-shaped, villous; pedicels downy, furnished with 2 TREMA'NDRA. Sepals 5. Petals 5. Stamens 10; anthers
two bracteas. h. G. Native on argillaceous hills in Peru. 2-celled.
K. pentapétala, Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 35. Flowers red.
Linear-leaved Krameria. Shrub prostrate.
I. TETRATHECA (from Terpa, tetra, fourfold, and Onkn,
.
10 K. GLA'BRA (Spreng, new. entd. 2. p. 157.) leaves oblong- thece, a cell ; in allusion to the 4 cells of the anthers, for which
lanceolate, shining ; fruit smoothish. Native in Brazil. Flowers
the plants are remarkable). Smith, nov. holl. 1. t. 2. Labill.
probably red.
nov. holl. specim. 1. p. 95. t. 122, 123. D. C. prod. 1. p. 343.
Glabrous Krameria. Shrub 1 foot.
LIN. SYST. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4, almost equal
11 K.? LANCEOLA'TA (Torrey. in ann. lyc. new york. vol 2.
sepals (f. 72. a.).
72. a.). Petals 4 (f. 72. b.). Stamens 8; anthers 4-
-
p. 166.) plant hoary-pubescent; leaves lanceolate, acute, vil-
celled. Seeds generally solitary. Shrubs beset with glandular
lous; pedicels twice the length of the leaves, axillary. h. H.
hairs, with the habit of Bauera.
Native of North America on the Rocky Mountains.
1 T. JU'NCEA (Smith, nov. holl. 1. t. 2.) leaves alternate, few,
Lanceolate-leaved Krameria. Shrub.
lanceolate, and are as well as branches glabrous. K.G. Native
of New Holland. Stems 2-edged, almost naked. Flowers
** Leaves trifoliate.
either white or purple.
12 K. CISTISOIDES (Cav. icon. 4. p. 590.) leaves stalked, tri-
Rushy Tetratheca. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. Shrub 1 ft.
foliate ; leaflets oblong, villous ; pedicels twice as long as leaf-
2 T. GLANDULÒSA (Labill. nov. holl
. 1. p. 95. t. 123. but not
stalks. h. S. Native of New Spain. Flowers violet or red.
of Smith.) leaves alternate, ovate-oblong, toothed, and are as
Cytisus-like Krameria. Shrub 3 feet.
well as branches covered with glandular hairs ; sepals ovate-
Cult. The species of Kramèria will thrive well in loam
lanceolate. K.G, Native of Van Diemen's Land. Very like
mixed with plenty of sand, and young cuttings, if planted in a
T. pilòsa, but the flowers are larger. Flowers purple.
pot of sand with a bell-glass placed over them, will root readily.
Glandular Tetratheca. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1822. Sh. 4 to 1 ft.
3 T. PILÒSA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 95. t. 122.) leaves scat-
ORDER XXIV. TREMA’NDREÆ (plants agreeing with tered or in whorls, oblong-linear, entire, with revolute margins,
Tremándra in important characters). R. Brown. gen. rem, p.
and are as well as branches covered with glandular hairs; sepals
12. D. C. prod. 1. p. 343.
almost orbicular. h. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. *T.
p
Calyx of 4 (f. 72. a.) or 5, unequal sepals, which are valvate
glandulosa, Smith, exot. bot. t. 21. Flowers axillary, solitary,
when in the bud, and somewhat united at the base, deciduous.
purple. Peduncles furnished each with a bractea at the base.
Sepals orbicular, acute, ciliated with glandular hairs. Petals
Petals equal in number with the sepals (f. 72. 6.), and alternating obovate.
.
a
3 B 2

372
TREMANDREÆ. I. TETRATHECA. II. TREMANDRA. PITTOSPOREÆ. I. BILLARDIERA.
2
a
C
de
Hairy Tetratheca. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1822. Shrub Cult. The species of this genus require the same treatment
to 1 foot.
as Tetrathèca.
4 T. DENTICULA'TA (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. append. p. 147.)
leaves opposite, linear, revolute, a little denticulated, and are
ORDER XXV. PITTOSPO'REÆ (shrubs agreeing with
pilose as well as the branches ; sepals lanceolate, acute, glandu-
;
lar. Þ.G. Native of New Holland. Flowers red. .
Pittosporum in many important characters.) R. Br. gen. rem.
Denticulated-leaved Tetratheca. Shrub 1 foot.
ter. austr. p. 10. D. C. prod. 1. p. 345.
.
5 T. ERICÆFÒLIA (Smith, exot. bot. p. 87. t. 20.) leaves linear, Calyx of 5 deciduous sepals, which are sometimes free, and
5-6 in a whorl, with revolute scabrous margins; branches sca- sometimes united together to the middle (f. 73. a.) they are im-
brous; sepals ovate, acutish. h.G. Native of New Holland.
Rudge, in Lin. trans. 8. t. 11.
bricate in the bud. Petals 5, hypogynous, with the claws con-
Peduncles and calyxes smooth.
Flowers somewhat nodding. Petals obovate, rose-coloured, but niving,
niving, sometimes united, with spreading lamina (f. 73. d. c.)
sometimes white (f. 72.).
which are imbricate in the bud. Stamens 5 (f. 73. d.) hypogy-
Heath-leaved Tetratheca. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub nous, distinct, alternating with the petals. Ovary 1, free (f. 73.
2 to 1 foot.
c.) with the cells or placentas 2-5 or many-seeded. Style 1 (f.
6 T. THYMIFÒLIA (Smith, exot.
FIG. 72
73. f.), crowned by numerous stigmas (f. 73. g.) which are equal
bot. t. 22.) leaves 4 in a whorl, lan-
ceolate, acute, ciliated; branches
in number to the placentas or cells of the ovary. Pericarp capsu-
rather hairy ; sepals lanceolate,
lar or baccate; cells many-seeded, sometimes incomplete. Seeds
acute, ciliated. Þ.G. Native of
usually covered with glutinous pulp. Embryo minute, placed
New Holland. Peduncles and
near the umbilicus in a fleshy albumen, with a longish radicle
calyxes scabrous. Sepals more
and short cotyledons.
acute than in T. ericæfòlia, to which
it is nearly allied. Petals purple.
This order contains beautiful trees and shrubs, or climbing
Thyme-leaved Tetratheca. Fl.
3
shrubs as Billardièra, with alternate simple feather-nerved
July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub { to
leaves, destitute of stipulas, usually entire. Flowers terminal
1 foot.
or axillary, sometimes polygamous; they are from white to yel-
7 T. RUBIOÌDES (Cuning. in Fields,
geogr. new south wales, p. 336.)
low, usually of a bell-shaped form, with a spreading border.
leaves 5 or 6 in a whorl, linear,
This order is distinguished from the neighbouring tribes in the
falcate, upper surface scabrous;
seeds being enveloped in resinous pulp, and in the imbricate
branches hoary; peduncles soli.
æstivation of the petals and sepals. Nothing is known of the
tary, axillary, drooping. h. G.
Native of New Holland on rocky declivities of the Blue Moun-
properties of the plants contained in this order.
tains. Flowers purple. Allied to T. ericæfòlia.
Madder-like Tetratheca. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub
Synopsis of the Genera.
1 foot.
1 BILLARDIE'RA. Sepals and petals 5, which last have the
Cult. The species of this beautiful genus of little shrubs
claws somewhat convolute at the edges, approximate. Berry
deserve to be cultivated in every green-house, but they are very
difficult to preserve, as well as extremely difficult to procure,
ellipsoid, terminated by the style. Climbing or twining shrubs.
as seeds seldom vegetate after a voyage from their places of
2 PITTO'SPORUM. Sepals (f. 73. a.) and petals 5 (f. 73. 6.)
b
natural growth. They thrive best in a mixture of very sandy which last have their claws conniving into a connate tube (f.
loam and
peat. Young cuttings will root freely if planted in a 73. d.). Capsule 2-3-valved, 1-celled, with a dissepiment in the
pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them.
middle of each valve. Seeds covered with resinous pulp. Erect
II. TREMA'NDRA (from toeuw, tremo, to tremble, to
trees or shrubs.
shake, and avɛp avopos, aner andros, a male ; the anthers being
3 BURSA'RIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, distinct. Cap-
slightly fixed by their base to the points of the filaments, sule compressed, obcordate, 2-celled, 2-valved. Seeds covered
shake from the least motion or breath of air.) R. Brown. ined. with resin, A spiny, branched shrub.
and D, C. prod. 1. p. 344.
Lin. syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals
4 SENA'CIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, distinct. Capsule
5. Stamens 10; anthers 2-celled. Shrubs, with the habit of
or berry 2-valved, half-2-celled. Seeds 4-8, arillate, adnate to
Helianthemun, beset with starry hairs.
the middle or base of the dissepiment. Shrubs with the habit of
1 T. STELLIGERA (R. Br. ined. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 344.) Celastrus.
erect ; leaves ovate, entire, under surface hoary, upper surface
beset with rough stellate hairs. Þ.G.
h.G. Native on the eastern I. BILLARDIE'RA (in honour of Jean Jacques Julien La-
coast of New Holland. Habit of plant like Hermánnia or He- billardiére, a celebrated French botanist, who visited Syria and
liánthemum alyssoìdes. Flowers purple ?
afterwards New Holland in d’Entrecasteux's expedition, author
Star-bearing Tremandra. Shrub 1 to 1ļ foot.
of Novæ Hollandiæ plantarum specimen, 2 vol. 4to. &c.) Smith,
2 T. DIFFUSA (R. Br. ined, and D. C. prod. 1. p. 344.) dif- exot. bot. t. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 345. but not of Vahl. nor
fuse, much branched ; leaves ovate, with a few deep teeth, upper
Moench.
surface glabrous, under surface scabrous from a few scattered LIN. Syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 acuminated
stellate hairs. h. G. Native of New Holland.
nFlowers sepals.
Flowers sepals. Petals 5, with approximate claws, which are somewhat
purple ?
convolute at their edges, forming a bell-shaped flower. Berry
Diffuse-branched Tremandra. Shrub 1 foot.
elliptical, terminated by the style. Climbing shrubs, natives

PITTOSPOREÆ, I. BILLARDIERA. II. PITTOSPORUM.
373
p. 346.
.
of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land, with 1-2-flower- Various-leaved Apple-berry. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub climbing.
ed axillary or terminal pedicels, and eatable fruit generally of Cult. The species of Billardièra are desirable shrubs for
bluish colour when ripe.
the conservatory. They thrive well in an equal portion of loam
and peat. Cuttings planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass
* Leaves entire.
placed over them will root readily. They may also be raised
1 B. SCA'NDENS (Smith, nov. holl. t. 1.) branches climbing, from seed, which several of the species produce in abundance.
younger ones villous; leaves linear-oblong, entire ; pedicels 1-
flowered, villous, shorter than the flower; berries velvety. n.
G. Native on the western coast of New Holland. Adult II. PITTO'SPORUM (from altin, pitte, resin, and onopos,
branches glabrous. Leaves 14 inch long and 2 lines broad. sporos, a seed; in allusion to the seeds being covered with resin-
Flowers cream-coloured. Sims, bot. mag. 801. B. Canarién- ous pulp.) Banks in Gært. fr. 1. p. 286. t. 59. D. C. prod. 1.
sis, Wend. hort. her. 3. t. 15.
Climbing Apple-berry. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals (f.
climbing
73. a.). Petals 5 (f. 73. b.) with the claws conniving into a
2 B. MUTA’BILIS (Sal. par. lond. t. 48.) branches climbing, connate tube (f. 73. d.). Capsules smooth or hairy (f. 73. c.) 2-
younger ones rather villous; leaves lanceolate-linear, entire ; 5-valved, l-celled, bearing a dissepiment in the middle of each
peduncles 1-flowered, glabrous, length of flower; berries gla- valve. Seeds covered with a resinous pulp. Shrubs, with en-
brous, h. v. G. Native of New Holland. Flowers cream- tire permanent leaves, with the habit of Laurel. Flowers tu-
coloured, at length purplish. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1313.
bular, with a spreading border disposed in terminal cymes or
Changeable-flowered Apple-berry. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1795. racemes; they are either white or yellowish.
Shrub climbing
1 P. CORIA'CEUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 488.) leaves
3 B. FusIFO'RMIS (Labill. nov. holl. t. 90.) branches hardly obovate, obtuse, coriaceous, quite smooth ; peduncles umbel-
climbing, younger ones rather villous ; leaves lanceolate, en- lately branched, many-flowered, and are as well as the calyxes
tire ; panicles few-flowered ; berries spindle-shaped, villous. villous. h. G. Native of Madeira on the mountains. Andr.
h. v. G. Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers cream- bot. rep. t. 151. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 569. Flowers bluish-white.
coloured, changing to bluish. Petals spreading.
Leathery-leaved Pittosporum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1783.
Spindle-shaped Apple-berry. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 8 feet.
Shrub climbing.
2 P. VIRIDIFLÒRUM (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1684.) leaves obovate,
4 B. LONGIFLORA (Labill. nov. holl. t. 89.) branches climb- retuse, cuneated at the base, shining, under surface reticulated ;
ing, younger ones scarcely pubescent; leaves lanceolate, en- panicle somewhat globose, terminal, glabrous. h. G. Native
tire ; pedicels 1-flowered, glabrous, one-half shorter than the of the Cape of Good Hope. P. Capénse and arbutifòlium of
flower; berries almost globose, torose, glabrous. h. v. G. gardeners. P. Sinénse, Desf. cat. 231. Capsules 3-valved.
Native of Van Diemen's Land. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1507.
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1507. Flowers greenish-yellow, smelling like jasmine.
Flowers pale-yellow. This is a free growing species and aburi- Green-flowered Pittosporum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806.
dant flowerer. It has a very fine appearance when covered with Shrub 6 feet.
its bluish fruit.
3 P. TOBìRA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. p. 27.) leaves obovate,
Long-flowered Apple-berry. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1810. obtuse, coriaceous, quite smooth ; peduncles 1-flowered, pubes-
Shrub climbing
cent, disposed in aggregate umbels. H.G.
h. G. Native of Japan.
5 B. ANGUSTIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 345.) branches climb- Sims, bot. mag. 1996. Tobìra, Koempf. amoen. t. 797. Euony-
ing, younger ones pubescent; leaves linear, entire, flat, glabrous; mus Tobira, Thunb. jap. 99. P. Chinense, Donn, cant. 48.
pedicels 1-flowered, and are as well as oblong berries glabrous. Capsules usually 3-valved, but sometimes 3 to 5 valved; valves
,
h.v.G. Native of New Holland. Leaves acute. Pedicels thick, leathery, almost woody. Flowers white. Tobira is the
glabrous. Flowers cream-coloured. Petals acute.
name of the shrub in Japan.
Narrow-leaved Apple-berry. Fl. May, Sep. Clt. 1820. Shrub Tobira Pittosporum. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1804. Sh. 12 ft.
climbing
4 P. UNDULATUM (Andr. bot. rep. t. 393.) leaves oval-lan-
6 B. ROSMARINIFÈLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 345.) branches ceolate, undulated, tapering at both ends, and are as well as the
climbing, glabrous ; leaves linear, somewhat reticulately-nerved, footstalks glabrous; peduncles terminal, aggregate, pubescent,
glabrous, with revolute margins. h. v. G. Native of New
・、
branched, many-flowered. h. G. Native of New Holland.
Holland on the eastern coast. Flowers cream-coloured ?
Vent. hort. cels. t. 76. Delauny, herb. amat. t. 36. Ker. bot.
Rosemary-leaved Apple-berry. Fl. May, Sep. Sh. climbing. reg. t. 16. Schrad. gen. em. t. 4. Flowers white.
* * Leaves variable, some entire, others toothed or cut.
Undulated-leaved Pittosporum. Fl. Feb. June. Clt. 1789.
Shrub 10 feet.
7 B. PARVIFLÓRA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 346.) branches climbing, 5 P. REVOLU'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 27.) leaves
younger ones rather villous ; leaves oblong, glabrous, entire, or elliptical-oblong, bluntish, under surface pubescent, with revo-
with a few teeth at the apex; pedicels 1 or 3-flowered, bracteate, lute margins ; peduncles terminal, villous, disposed in aggregate
rather hispid. h.v.G.
h.v.G. Native on the eastern coast of New umbels. Þ. G. Native of New Holland at Port Jackson.
Holland. Sepals villous, hispid. Flowers 4 or 5 lines long, Ker. bot. reg. 186. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 506. Flowers yellow.
bluish when dry. Petals acute,
Revolute-leaved Pittosporum. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1795.
Small-flowered Apple-berry. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub 6 feet.
Shrub climbing
6 P. TOMENTÒSUM (Bonpl. nav. t. 21.) leaves oboval-oblong,
8 B. VARIIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 346.) branches filiform, acute at both ends, upper surface glabrous, under surface as well
villous ; leaves oblong, rather villous, entire, and somewbat pin- as branches pubescently-tomentose, flat; peduncles aggregate,
natifidly-toothed; pedicels villous, hardly longer than the calyx. terminal. h. G. Native of New Holland. Sweet, fl. austr.
h.
.v.G. Native of New Holland at King George's Sound. t. 33. Flowers yellow.
Sepals villous. Flowers cream-coloured, 4 lines long, disposed Tomentose-leaved Pittosporum. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1924.
in a kind of corymb on the tops of the branches.
Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
a
.

374
PITTOSPOREÆ. II. PITTOSPORUM. III. BURSARIA. IV. SENACIA.
nerves
p. 347.
.
a
bos
7 P. FU'LVUM (Rudge trans. Lin.
FIG. 73.
. .
peat. Ripened cuttings will root freely if planted in sand under
soc. 10. p. 298.) leaves broad-lan-
a hand-glass, or one species may be grafted on another. P.
ceolate, obtuse; footstalks and
Tobira, a native of Japan, is nearly hardy, as well as those
of leaves tomentose ;
species native of the Canary Islands; these may be preserved
branches tomentose; peduncles ag-
against a south wall, with the assistance of a mat, in severe
gregate; sepals spreading. h.Ğ.
weather.
Native of New Holland. Flowers
III. BURSA'RIA (from bursa, a pouch; the capsules very
yellowish. Perhaps sufficiently dis-
much resemble those of Thlaspi bursa-pastoris, which re-
tinct from P. tomentosum (f. 73.)
Fulvous-leaved Pittosporum. Fl.
semble a female's pocket.) Cav.icon. 4. t. 350. D. C. prod. 1.
April, May. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2-
LIN. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals
4 feet.
8 P. FERRUGI'NEUM (Ait. hort.
5, distinct. Capsules compressed, obcordate, somewhat stipi-
kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 27.) leaves
tate, 2-celled, 2-valved (almost as in Polýgala.) The seeds
elliptical, acuminated at both ends,
according to Cav. are clothed with resin.—An elegant much
branched shrub, with oblong-cuneated, entire small leaves, and
upper surface glabrous, under sur-
face covered with rusty tomentum
small white flowers, which are disposed either in lateral or ter-
on the nerves and leafstalks; pe-
minal panicles.
duncles terminal, branched, disposed in aggregate umbels. h..
1 B. SPINÒSA (Cav. 1. c.) h. G. Native of New Holland.
S. Native of Guinea ? Sims, bot. mag. t. 2075. Flowers yellow.
Branches either spiny or unarmed. Leaves small, wedge-
Var. B? filàrium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 347.) bark thready. shaped. Itèa spinosa, Andr. bot. rep. t. 314. Sims, bot. mag.
Rump. amb. 7. p. 13. t. 7. Native of the Molucca islands.
1767. Cyrílla spinosa, Spreng. nov. prov. 15.
Rusty-leaved Pittosporum. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1787. Shrub
Spiny-branched Bursaria. Fl. July, Dec. Clt. 1793. Shrub
10 feet.
6 feet.
9 P. HIRTUM (Willd. enum. p. 261.) leaves ovate-oblong,
Cult. This is a very desirable shrub for a green-house or
under surface pubescent, adult ones glabrous; leafstalks and
conservatory, being an abundant flowerer, and very shewy when
branches hairy. . G. Native of the Canary Islands. P.
covered all over with its elegant little white blossoms. An equal
hirsùtum, Link. enum. 233. Flowers white ?
mixture of sandy loam and peat is the best soil for it; and
Hairy-branched Pittosporum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822.
young cuttings will root freely if planted in sand under a bell-
Shrub 4 feet.
glass. (Swt.)
10 P. LAURIFÒLIUM (Willd. sel. in Roem. and Schult. syst. IV. SENA'CIA (in honour of John Senac, a distinguished
5.p. 432.) leaves oblong, obtuse, coriaceous; peduncles 1-flower- French physician, was born in Gascony about the close of
ed, lateral, and aggregate.
h. G.
Native of Teneriffe. the 17th century; he died 1770.) Comm. ined. Du. Pet. Th.
Flowers white?
obs. pl. isl. d'afr. p. 27. D. C. prod. 1. p. 347.–Senaciæ. sp.
.
-
Laurel-leaved Pittosporum. Shrub 6 feet.
Lam. ill. 2. p. 95.
11 P.? PHYLLIRÆOÌDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 347.) leaves ob- LIN. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed, small.
long, mucronate, coriaceous, flat, very smooth, almost veinless; Petals 5, distinct, lanceolate. Stamens 5, hypogynous. Younger
pedicels lateral, 1-flowered, solitary.h. G. Native of New capsules berry-formed, at length 2-valved, half 2-celled. Seeds
Holland. Capsules ovate, somewhat compressed, 2-valved, 4-8, adhering to the base and middle of the dissepiments, arillate;
rather fleshy, and even on the outside. Flowers yellow.
with horny albumen. Embryo small, situated at the base of
Phylliræa-like Pittosporum. Shrub 4 feet.
the seed.—Smooth branched shrubs, with feather-nerved entire
leaves, and terminal corymbs of white flowers. These shrubs
of Species scarcely known except by name, and probably some
have the habit of Celastrus, and are apt to be confused with that
of them are identical with some of those described above.
genus if not particularly examined. The hypogynous insertion
12 P. TENUIFÒLIUM (Gært. fr. 1. p. 286. t. 59.) capsules 3- of the stamens is sufficient to distinguish them.
valved, rather globose, wrinkled. h.G. Native of New Holland. 1 S. UNDULATA (Lam. ill. no. 2709.) leaves lanceolate,
Thin-leaved Pittosporum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub waved; flowers terminal, disposed in umbellate corymbs; fruit
4 feet.
4-sided, on short pedicels. . S. Native of the Mauritius,
13 P. UMBELLA'TUM (Gært. fr. 1. p. 286.) capsules 3-valved, where it is called by the French Bois de Joli Coeur on account
compressedly-globose, scabrous on the outside from elevated of the hardness of its wood. Celastrus undulatus, Lam. dict.
dots. h. G. Native of Australia.
1. p. 662. Flowers white. Ovary somewhat stipitate. Style
Umbellate-flowered Pittosporum. Fl. May, June. Sh. 4 ft. short.
14 P. EXPE'NSE (Nois. hort. ex Steud. nom. 628.) K.G. Var. B; leaves oval-lanceolate.
Expensive Pittosporum. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub Waved-leaved Senacia. Clt. 1785.
Clt. 1785. Shrub 15 feet.
6 feet.
2 S. NIPAULE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 347.) leaves lanceolate,
15 P. TUBERCULA'TUM (Zeyh. ex Steud. nom. 628.) H.G. flattish; flowers terminal, disposed in umbellate corymbs ; fruit
Tuberculated Pittosporum. Fl. April, June. Shrub.
sessile, 4-seeded. h. G. Native of Nipaul. Celástrus verti-
16 P. ANDERSONII (Fisch. in cat. hort. roy. peterb.) h. G. cillàtus, Roxb. hort. beng. 18. not of Fl. Peru. Leaves not in
Flower yellow. Cultivated in Chelsea botanic garden in 1824. whorls, but crowded around the corymbs of flowers. Capsules
Anderson's Pittosporum. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1824. Sh. 4 ft. somewhat compressed. Valves after opening mucronate at the
17 P. MAURITIA'NUM (Lodd. cat. 1825.) H.S. Perhaps P.
apex. Flowers white.
ferrugineum var. B, filàrium.
Nipaul Senacia. Clt. 1820. Shrub 12 feet.
Mauritian Pittosporum. Fl. Ap. Ju.? Clt. 1825. Sh. 8 feet. 3 S. LANCEOLATA (Lam. ill. no. 2710.) leaves lanceolate,
Cult. All the species of Pitlosporum are handsome shrubs, flattish; flowers disposed in umbellate corymbs ; seeds 8, 4 in
with good foliage and pretty flowers, well adapted for conser- the bottom and 4 in the middle of the cells. K.S. Native of
vatories. They thrive best in an equal mixture of loam and the Mauritius. See Pet. Th. l. c. Flowers white?
-

PITTOSPOREÆ. IV. SENACIA. FRANKENIACEÆ. I. FRANKENIA.
375
.
;
Lanceolate-leaved Senacia. Shrub 10 feet.
few weeks, therefore very few of the plants of this order are to
4 S. ELLIPTICA (Lam. ill. no. 2711.) leaves elliptical, obtuse; be met with in gardens, but the whole are very easy to introduce
flowers axillary, disposed in something like fascicles. . s.
h. S.
as plants.
Native of the Antilles. Like Rhamnus sarcomphalus. A very
doubtful species. Perhaps referable to Celastrus or Maytènus.
Synopsis of the Genera.
Flowers white.
Elliptical-leaved Senacia. Shrub.
Sect. I. FRANKE'NIÆ. Sepais united into a tube (f. 74.
Cult. All the species of Senàcia will grow well in a mixture
of loam and peat, or any rich light soil; and ripened cuttings a.); Petals unguiculate ; claws length of calyx. Stamens 6.
planted in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, placed in heat,
1 FRANKE'NIA. Petals and sepals 4-5. Stamens 6. Style 3-
will root freely.
cleft (f. 74. f.) lobes oblong, stigmatose inside. Flowers usually
with a crown of scales in the throat. Capsule 3- (f. 74.g.) 4
ORDER XXVI. FRANKENIA CEÆ (plants agreeing with valved, many-seeded.
Frankènia in many important particulars.) St. Hil. mem. plac. 2 BEATSO'NIA. Petals and sepals 4-5. Stamens 6. Style
cent, p. 39. and mem. mus. 12. p. 77. D. C. prod. 1. p. 349.
.
p
bifid ; lobes ending in a globular stigma. Capsule 2-valved,
Calyx of 4-5 erect (f. 74. b.) or spreading (f. 77. a. f. 76. a.) few-seeded. Petals appendiculate.
sepals, united at the base into a furrowed tube (f. 74. a.),
or cleft to the base (f. 76. a. f. 77. a.), permanent, equal,
Sect. II. SAUVAGEÆ. Petals and sepals spreading, not un-
rarely unequal, lanceolate or linear acute. Petals hypogynous, guiculate, usually furnished with an urceolus or inner corolla, si-
equal in number to the sepals, and alternating with them,
tuated between the petals and stamens. Stamens 5-7 or inde-
finite.
sometimes unguiculate (f. 74. b.). Claws length of calyx,
with a spreading limb (f. 74. b.) in this case the throat is usually
3 LUXEMBU’RGIA. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 75. e.), unequal.
crowned with petal-like scales as in Carophylleæ, sometimes
Anthers 7 or indefinite, almost sessile, united into a secund
sessile, spreading (f. 76. b.), sometimes with a 5-petalled (f. 76.
mass, each bursting by 2 pores at the apex. Style awl-shaped,
d.) or 5-toothed urceolus (f. 77. d.) between the petals and the
incurved. Capsule 3-valved (f. 75. d.), many-seeded. Seeds
stamens. Stamens hypogynous, sometimes equal in number
winged at the apex.
with the petals (f. 74. d.), in this case they are alternate with
4 SAUVAGE'SIA. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 76. a. c.), with
them; or double that number, when this is the case the alternate
filiform appendages between the 5 petal-like scales or inner
ones are opposite the petals, but sometimes multiple that
corolla (f. 76. d.). Stamens 5 between the scales and the petals.
number; filaments filiform (f. 74. d.) or very short. Anthers Style simple. Capsule incompletely 3-celled, 3-valved.
roundish, linear or elliptical, bursting laterally by 2 pores at the
5 LAVRA'DIA. Petals and sepals 5 (f. 77. a. b.), with a mona-
apex, seldom at the base. Ovary 1 (f. 74. g. f. 77. e. f. 76. e.), petalous 5-toothed urceolus or corolla (f. 77. d.), including the
.
)
free. Style filiform (f. 74. e.), simple (f. 77. d.). bifid or trifid stamens. Style simple. Capsule incompletely 3-celled, 3-
(f. 74. f.). Capsule ovate-oblong (f. 77. e.), somewhat tri- valved, many-seeded.
gonal, 2-3-valved (f. 74. g. f. 75, d.), 1-celled or incom-
Sect. I. FRANKE'NIÆ (plants agreeing with Frankènia, in
pletely 3-celled from the valves being bent inwards at the
having a tubular calyx and unguiculate petals.) Calyx tubular.
edges; valves bearing seminiferous placentas at the margins Petals unguiculate, with the claws the length of the calyx, fur-
on both sides (f. 74. g.), many-seeded. Seeds small. Em- nished with an appendage at the top on the inner side of each
claw.
bryo straight in the middle of the albumen, with a short
Style bifid or trifid. Small heath-like herbs or sub-
radicle pointing towards the umbilicus, and flat leafy cotyle-
shrubs. Leaves opposite or in whorls.
dons. This order is composed of elegant little herbs, subshrubs I. FRANKENIA (in honour of John Frankenius, professor
or shrubs, with simple and branching stems, and opposite alter- of botany at Upsal, who first enumerated the plants of Sweden
nate whorled or crowded, entire, ciliated or toothed leaves, in Speculum Botanicon, 1638; died 1661.) Lin. gen. no. 445.
stipulate or exstipulate, when this last is the case the base is
D. C. prod. 1. p. 349.
p
produced into stem-clasping membranes, usually furnished with
Lin. syst. Hexúndria, Monogynia. Style 3-cleft ; lobes
oblong, stigmatose within. Capsules 3-4-valved.—Small pros-
glands; the stipulas when present are usually fringed. The trate heath-like plants, with the flowers usually rising from the
flowers are either white, rose-coloured, or yellow, axillary or forks of the stem, or disposed in terminal corymbs.
terminal, when they are axillary the peduncles are 1-flowered,
1 P, PULVERULE'NTA (Lin. spec. 474.) leaves opposite, in whorls,
when they are terminal they are either disposed in corymbs or
obovate, retuse, glabrous, under surface powdery, with the
loose racemes. Pedicels always propped by a leaf or bractea.
petioles ciliated ; root slender ; flowers axillary and terminal, sub-
This order differs from Violarièæ and Caryophylleæ as well
solitary. O. H. Native in sand by the sea-side in various
parts of Europe, Siberia, Tauria, and perhaps New Holland; in
as from all the neighbouring orders, in the seeds being fixed to England on the Sussex coast very rare, between Bognor and
the margins of the valves, to marginal parietal nerves or dissepi- Brighthelmston. Smith, engl. bot. 2222. Fl. græc. t. 344.
,
ments, not to intervalvular placentas, as in Violarièæ, nor to cen-
Clus. hist. 2. p. 186. f. 2. Stems prostrate. Flowers axillary,
tral placentas as in Caryophyllee. The medicinal virtues of the
solitary, pale-red.
Pondery Sea-heath. Fl. July, Aug. England. Pl. prostrate.
plants contained in this order are very slight. The seeds of all 2 F. nodiflora (Lam. ill. t. 262. f. 4.) leaves ovate, gla-
are truly difficult to preserve in a living state for more than a brous, not ciliated on the footstalks ; stems prostrate, and are as
-
F/

376
FRANKENIACEÆ. I. FRANKENIA.
.
-
16
well as calyx glabrous. Ñ. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Heath-leaved Sea-heath. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1815. Shrub
Good Hope. Frankènia, Burch. cat. no. 513. Flowers pale-red prostrate.
in axillary corymbs.
10 F. KRE'bsil (Cham. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 36.) leaves
Knot-flowering Sea-heath. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. pros- linear, with revolute margins, smooth, rather ciliated at the base ;
trate.
stems flagellæform, and are as well as the calyxes hispid ;
3 F. Nóthria (Thunb, prod. 58. fl. cap. ed. Schult. 1. p. flowers disposed in branched panicles; petals twice the length
295.) leaves clustered, linear, glabrous, with revolute margins of the calyx. h. G.
,
.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
ciliated at the base ; branchlets pubescent; stems prostrate, and Like F. hispida, but the flowers are double the size. Stems
are as well as calyxes glabrous. n. 2. G. Native of the 2 feet long. Leaves in whorls ?
Cape of Good Hope. Nothria rèpens, Berg. cap. 171. t. 1. f. 2. Krebs's Sea-heath. Shrub creeping.
Flowers pale red, terminal, aggregate. Petals toothed.
11 F. VELUTI'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 350.) leaves linear-
Nothria Sea-heath. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Prostrate oblong, obtuse, not ciliated at the base, soft and velvety on both
creeping plant.
surfaces, but the stems and calyxes are not so. ħ. F. Native
4 F. LÆ'vis (Lin. spec. 473.) leaves clustered, linear, gla- in fields about Mogodor. Flowers red.
brous, with revolute margins, ciliated at the base; stems pros- Velvety-leaved Sea-heath. Fl. June, July. Shrub } foot.
trate, rooting, and are as well as calyxes glabrous; flowers ter- 12 F. mo'llis (Bieb. suppl. 276.) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
MO'LLIS .
minal, or axillary, solitary. h. 4. H. Native in muddy salt acute, villous; flower-bearing branches alternate, panicled, vil-
marshes by the sea-side in many parts of Europe and the Canary lous; flowers on pedicels, disposed in racemose panicles. ħ.H.
Islands. In England chiefly on the eastern coast. Smith, engl. Native of Tauria ? The whole plant is clothed with soft hoary
bot. t. 205.—Mich. gen. t. 22. f. 1. Flowers rising from the hairs. Flowers red.
forks of the stem in the same manner as in most of the species, Soft Sea-heath. Fl. June. Aug. Clt. 1824. Shruh prostrate.
flesh-coloured, but sometimes white with yellow claws.
13 F. THYMIFÒLIA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 316.) leaves oblong, ob-
Smooth Sea-heath. Fl. July, Aug.
Fl. July, Aug. England. Pl. creeping. tuse, small, rather stiff, glabrous, cinerous, ciliated at the base ;
.
5 F. INTERME'DIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 349.) leaves in whorls, stems erect, younger ones hardly puberulous; calyxes glabrous ;
linear, with revolute margins, glabrous, ciliated at the base ; flowers axillary, sessile. h. F.
h. F. Native in the sand of the
stems prostrate, velvety; calyxes hispid; flowers aggregate. desert of Barbary about Tozzer, also in Spain about Aranjuez.
h. 4. H. Native on the sea-shore in the south of Europe, par- Flowers red.
ticularly along the shores of the Mediterranean and Algiers. Thyme-leaved Sea-heath. Fl. June, August. Shrub } foot. .
F. hirsuta, var. Calábrica, Lin. F. hirsùta, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 14 F. MICROPHY'LLA (Cav. icon. 6. t. 597. f. 1.) leaves oval,
766.—Mich. gen. t. 22. f. 2.
gen. t. 22. f. 2. Flowers pale red or white. small, quadrifariously-imbricated, glabrous; stems prostrate,
Intermediate Sea-heath. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. trailing. and are as well as calyxes glabrous; flowers solitary, terminal
6 F. GRANDIFLORA (Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 35.) and axillary. h.S. Native of South America. Flowers red.
leaves obovately-cuneated, mucronulate, with revolute margins, Small-leaved Sea-heath. Shrub prostrate.
rather coriaceous, ciliated at the base. h. F. Native of New 15 F. FRUTICULÒSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 350.) leaves linear,
California in the sand by the sea-side. Stem trailing, woody at acutish, with revolute margins, glabrous, not ciliated at the base;
the base. Flowers axillary and terminal, solitary, sessile; scales of stems erect, glabrous; calyxes acute, glabrous. K.G. Na-
throat bifid. Stamens 6-7. Capsule lanceolate, obsoletely trique- tive of New Holland in the island of St. Francisco in the sand
trous. Petals reddish ?
by the sea-side. Flowers pink.
Great-flowered Sea-heath. Shrub trailing.
Shrubby Sea-heath. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot.
7 F. HÍSPIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 349.) leaves in whorls, linear, 16 F. PAUCIFLORA (D. C. syst. 1. p. 350.) leaves linear, al-
with revolute margins, glabrous, somewhat ciliated at the base ; most filiform, with revolute margins, glabrous, ciliated at the
stems diffuse, and are as well as calyxes hispid; flowers termi- base ; stems erectish, canescent, and are as well as acute calyxes,
nal, solitary. h. 2. H. Native in salt marshes and on rocks glabrous. . G. Native of New Holland on the western
from the island of Cyprus to Siberia. F. hirsuta, var. Crética,
Hook, in bot. mag. 2896.
2896. Flowers pink.
Lin. F. hirsùta, Sibth. fl. græc. t. 313. Flowers white.
Few-flowered Sea-heath. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 ft.
Hispid Sea-heath. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1789. Pl. prostrate. 17 F. TETRAPE'TALA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 114.) leaves
8 F. CORYMBÒSA (Desf. atl. 3. p.
FIG. 74,
linear, almost filiform, with revolute margins; flowers solitary,
315. t. 93.) leaves clustered, linear,
terminal, 4-petalled ; lobes of calyx 4, with tomentose margins.
with revolute margins, glabrous,
h. G. Native of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land.
somewhat ciliated at the base ;
Flowers pink?
stems velvety, erect; calyxes gla-
Four-petalled Sea-heath. Shrub à foot.
brous; flowers in terminal corymbs.
18 F. REVOLU'TA (Forsk. æg. 75.) leaves in whorls, ovate,
h. F. Native of Barbary near
with revolute margins ; stems dichotomous; capsules 4-valved ;
Arzeau by the sea-shore. Flowers
flowers terminal, usually solitary. . F. Native in the deserts of
rose-coloured (f. 74.).
Alexandria. Habit of F. corymbòsa, but the flowers are scat-
Corymbose-flowered Sea-heath.
tered and solitary. Calyx 5-sepalled. Flowers rose-coloured.
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Sh. ft.
Revolute-leaved Sea-heath. Shrub { foot.
9 F. ERICÆFÒLIA (C. Smith,
Cult. Frankènia is a genus of beautiful little evergreen
in Buch. can. p. 30.) leaves in
shrubs or herbs, ornamented with pretty little flesh-coloured or
whorls, linear, stalked, with re-
reddish flowers. The hardy species are well adapted for orna-
volute margins, somewhat ciliated
menting rock-work, or to be grown in small pots and placed
at the base, upper surface glabrous,
among other alpine plants as well as those marked frame; the
under surface as well as stems and
greenhouse species should be placed on the front shelf of a green-
calyxes pruinosely-velvety ; flowers aggregate, terminal. ħ.G. house during winter. They all thrive well in a mixture of loam,
Native of the Canary Islands on the sea-shore. Flowers rose- sand, and peat, but the pots require to be well drained with
coloured.
potsherds. They are readily increased by cuttings, which
.
coast.
8
а

FRANKENIACEÆ. II. BEATSONIA. III. LUXEMBURGIA. IV. SAUVAGESIA.
377
a
should be planted under a hand-glass in sand, by seeds, or by narrow, acutish, cuneated and tapering at the base; flowers
dividing at the roots.
large, few, disposed in corymbs; stamens numerous.
h.s.
Native of Brazil on the mountains called Serra da Caraca, at
II. BEATSO'NIA (Mr. Beatson, who wrote an account of
the height of 6000 feet, by the sides of rivulets.
the island of St. Helena.) Roxb. fl. st. hel. in Beats. trav. p.
Corymbose-flowered Luxemburgia. Fl. Feb. Sh. 5 to 6 ft.
6
300. D. C. prod. 1. p. 350.
3 L. POLYA'NDRA (St. Hil. mem. mus. 12. p. 88.) leaves
LIN. syst. Hexandria, Monogynia. Style bifid; lobes crowned
stalked, oblong-elliptical, rather cuneated at the base; flowers
by globular stigmas. Capsules 2-valved, few-seeded. Perhaps middle-sized, disposed in racemes ; stamens numerous.
h. S.
sufficiently distinct from Frankènia.
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Novas on mountains.
1 B. PORTULACOI'DES (Beats. itin. p. 300.) leaves roundish,
The specific name is very inapplicable, as the two preceding
fleshy, glabrous ; stem shrubby, bushy. K.G. Native of St.
species are polyandrous as well as this plant. This shrub is
Helena on rocks by the sea-side on the south side of the island,
called Congoha do Campo and Mate do Campo in Brazil.
Frankènia portulacæfòlia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 134. Flowers red?
Polyandrous Luxemburgia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Purslane-like Beatsonia. Shrub foot.
4 L. OCTA'NDRA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 9. p. 351. and 12. p.
Cult. This plant will thrive well in a mixture of peat and 89.) leaves almost sessile, oblong-elliptical, narrow, somewhat
sand, and cuttings will root readily in the same kind of mould cuneated at the base ; flowers small, disposed in racemes ; sepals
under a hand-glass.
ciliated ; stamens definite, 7-12. n. S. Native of Brazil
Sect. II. SAUVAGEÆ (plants agreeing with Sauvagèsia in
with the preceding. Plectanthèra floribunda, Mart. fl. br. 1.
having a spreading calyx and corolla). Calyx of 5 equal (f. 76. p. 40. t. 26.
Octandrous Luxemburgia. Fl. Feb. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
a. f. 77. a.) or unequal spreading sepals. Petals 5, equal or
unequal
, spreading, usually
with a 5-leaved (f. 76. d.) or tubular
, large beautiful yellow flowers, and serrated, shining, stiff leaves,
,
Cult. Luxembúrgia is a genus of truly elegant shrubs, with
5-toothed (f. 77. d.), urceolus or inner corolla, situated between
the petals and stamens in Sauvagèsia, and inclosing the stamens
having the habit of some species of Rhododendron. None of
in Lavràdia. Style simple. Elegant plants with alternate leaves
the species have been introduced to the gardens of Europe, there-
and feathery stipulas.
fore the mode of cultivating and propagating them in the gar-
dens is unknown; but should any person be fortunate enough
III. LUXEMBU’RGIA (in honour of M. Le duc de Luxem- to introduce them in a living state, we recommend their being
bourg, under whose auspices M. Auguste St. Hilaire commenced grown in a mixture of loam and sandy peat, giving them plenty
his voyage to Brazil). St. Hil. mem. mus. 9. p. 351. and 12. of water in the summer season. Young cuttings will no doubt
p. 83. Plectanthèra, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 40.
root freely in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them,
LIN. SYST.
Octo-Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5, un- in heat.
equal, deciduous sepals. Petals 5 (f. 75. e.) rather unequal,
deciduous, Anthers inserted on a short gynophore with the IV. SAUVAGESIA (so called by Linnæus in honour of his
pistil, almost sessile, definite, or usually indefinite, linear, quadra- distinguished friend and correspondent Francis Boissier de Sau-
gonal, 2-celled, bursting at the apex by 2 pores, adglutinated into vages, a celebrated physician of Montpelier, and inventor of
a mass on one side, usually clasping the ovary, deciduous, but modern nosology, died in 1767). Lin. gen. no. 112. Jacq.
the rudiments of the filaments are permanent. Style declinate, amer. p. 77. D. C. prod. 1. p. 315. St. Hil. in mem, mus. 11.
pyramidately-subulate, crowned by a simple or rarely 3-parted
stigma. Ovary sessile or on a short stalk (f. 75. d), oblong, LIN, syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted
triangular. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded, 3-valved (f. 75. d.); (f. 76. a.), spreading, permanent, closed when in fruit. Outer
valves bent inwards at the edges, more or less, and bearing the petals 5 (f. 76. b.), equal, spreading, obovate, deciduous, Inner
seeds on the margins. Seeds numerous, oblong, girded by a petals (scales ?) 5 (f. 76. d.), opposite the outer ones, erect,
membrane which is broadest at the top, with a double covering, with incumbent margins, conniving into a tube, permanent, with
both membranous. Umbilicus at the narrowest extremity of filiform appendages between the outer and inner corolla (f. 76.
the seed. Albumen fleshy. Embryo slender, straight, with the
Embryo slender, straight, with the c.), which are indefinite or definite in number, they are perma-
radicle almost touching the umbilicus. Elegant, branched, nent and dilated at the apex. Stamens 5, permanent, alternating
smooth shrubs, with the habit of some species of Rhododendron. with the petals ; filaments very short, adhering to the base of
Leaves alternate, toothed, mucronate, oblong, elegantly lined. the inner petals; anthers fixed by their base, linear, 2-celled,
Stipulas lateral, twin, caducous
FIG. 75.
opening laterally at the apex. Style erect, crowned by a blunt
or permanent, setaceously-ciliated.
hardly manifest stigma. Ovary superior (f. 76. e.), 1-celled,
Flowers beautiful yellow, disposed
many-seeded. Capsule oblong or ovate-oblong, acutely 3-
in terminal racemes or corymbs.
lobed, rarely ovate and bluntish as in S. tenélla, more or less
Peduncles jointed above the base,
어
​profoundly 3-valved, empty above. Seeds disposed in two
furnished with 2 bracteas.
rows on the margins of the valves, minute and favosely-scrobicu-
1 L. SPECIÒSA (St. Hil. mem.
late. Albumen fleshy. Radicle pointing towards the umbilicus,
mus. 12. p. 86. t. 3.) leaves almost
longer than the cotyledons. Elegant, smooth subshrubs, rarely
sessile, oblong, obtuse, tapering to
herbs. Leaves simple on short petioles, rarely sessile. Stipulas
the base ; flowers large, disposed
lateral, twin, ciliated, permanent. Flowers axillary, or disposed
in racemes ; stamens numerous. n.
in terminal racemes, sometimes bracteate, white, rose, or violet-
S. Native of Brazil on mountains
coloured. Parts of flowers twisted in the bud.
near Milhoverde at the height of
1 S. RACEMÒSA (St. Hil. in mem, mus. 11. p. 98.) stem
3700 feet. (f. 75.)
shrubby, almost simple ; leaves elliptical-oblong or elliptical-
Shewy Luxemburgia. Fl. Oct.
ovate or ovate, acutish, toothed; stipulas ciliated, curled ; ra-
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
cemes terminal, almost simple ; segments of calyx acute, shorter
2 L. CORYMBÒSA (St. Hil. in
than the corolla ; filiform appendages numerous. n. S. Native of
mem. mus. 12. p. 87. t. 4.) leaves on short footstalks, oblong, Brazil in humid pastures or marshes in the provinces of St. Paul
3 C
p. 97.
-17
-l
O
VOL. I.-PART IV.

378
.
FRANKENIACEÆ. IV. SAUVAGESIA.
4. S.
and Minas Geraes. S. ovata, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 36. t. 24. f. 2. Var. B, stricta (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 38.) root fibrous ; stems
Calyx reddish or rather violaceous. The five outer petals flesh erect, and are as well as the branches very straight.
or rose-coloured. The five inner ones red or dark purple, or Erect Sauvagesia. Fl. May to Oct. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 to 1 ft.
variegated with red and purple, girded on the outside with an 6 S. ADI'MA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 251. t. 100. f. a. Mart. f.
indefinite number of filiform appendages.
bras. 1. p. 37.) root creeping; stem herbaceous, procumbent,
Var.B, nàna (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems hardly the length of a branched ; branches flexuous; leaves lanceolate, somewhat spa-
finger ; leaves much smaller.
tulate, acute, serrulated ; peduncles filiform, axillary, solitary ;
Racemose-flowered Sauvagesia. Fl. Dec. May. Sh 1 to 2 ft.
1 . segments of the calyx ovate, setaceously-acuminated. 4.
2 S. SPRENGELII (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 99.) stem shrubby, erect, S. Native of Brazil on rocks at the river Niger, also in
hardly branched ; leaves small, lanceolate, acute, remotely ser- Guiana. M. Aug. St. Hilaire considers S. erécta and S. Adima
rated; racemes terminal ; segments of calyx unequal, very to be identical, but Martius considers them specifically distinct.
blunt, shorter than the corolla ; filiform appendages numerous. Perhaps S. Adima of all authors is the same as this plant.
h. S. Native of Brazil and Guiana in moist meadows. S. Flowers red. Adima is the name of the plant in Guiana. The
erécta, Spreng. neue. entd. 1. p. 296. exclusive of the syno- negroes and creoles of Guiana use the leaves of this plant, as
nymes. .
S. serpyllifòlia, Mart. A. bras. 1. p. 37. t. 25. Flowers well as those of S. erécta, instead of spinach ; they are mucila-
red; the five inner petals girded on the outside by an indefinite ginous; the roots are supposed to be emetic.
number of filiform appendages.
Adima Sauvagesia. Pl. procumbent.
Var. ß, gracilis (St. Hil. I. c. p. 101.) stem more slender and 7 S. TENE’LLA (Lam. ill. 2. p. 119.) stem herbaceous, weak,
. .
longer ; leaves narrower, less crowded ; racemes few-flowered ; generally simple ; leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate, rarely toothed ;
pedicels shorter, and are as well as bracteas generally solitary. stipulas small; flowers axillary or terminal ; outer petals a little
Sprengel's Sauvagesia. Fl. May.
Fl. May. Shrub 4 foot.
longer than the calyx; filiform appendages five or fewer. O.S.
3 S. LA'xa (Mart. A. bras. 1. p. 38.) stem herbaceous, loose, Native of Guiana in moist places. St. Hil. in mem. mus. II.
elongated, erectish ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, serrulated ; p. 105. pl. 6. t. 1. f. ß. Flowers pale red.
flowers disposed in terminal racemes ; sepals acute.
Weak Sauvagesia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 foot.
Native of Brazil in humid meadows. S. rubiginòsa, var. B, 8 S. LINEARIFÒLIA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 106. pl. 6.
luxurians, St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 102. Flowers pink. t. 2. f. a.) stem suffruticose, 4 inches high ; leaves linear-
Loose Sauvagesia. Fl. Nov. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
acute, rarely serrated; flowers axillary; petals a little shorter
4 S. RUBIGINÒSA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 101.) stems than the calyx ; filiform appendages 5. K. s. Native of Brazil
suffruticose; leaves lanceolate, narrow, acute at both ends, ser- in the sandy part of the province of Minas Geraes called Dis-
rated; flowers terminal, disposed in racemose spikes, furnished tritodos-Diamantes, near the place where the diamonds which
with bracteas; segments of calyx hardly unequal, oblong, acute, are vulgarly called Servico do Rio Pardo are found, at the height
longer than the outer petals ; filiform appendages numerous. of about 4000 feet above the level of the sea, but very rare.
h. S. Native of Guiana and Brazil in dry meadows. An S. pusilla, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 35. t. 24. f.1. Flowers white or
erect or decumbent much-branched shrub. Inner petals girded rose-coloured. Sepals ciliated at the apex. .
on the outside by numerous filiform appendages.
Linear-leaved Sauvagesia. Shrub 4 to foot.
Rusty Sauvagesia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
5 S. ERE'CTA (Lin. spec. 1. ed.
FIG. 76.
† Species not sufficiently known.
p. 241.) root fibrous ; stems suf-
9 S. ERICOIDES (Ging. mss. et D. C. prod. 1. p. 316.) stem
p.
fruticose and usually branched,
simple ; leaves crowded, linear-lanceolate, with very entire, re-
erect, or ascending; leaves lan-
volute margins; stipulas bristly, awl-shaped ; racemes dichoto-
ceolate, acute at both ends, serru-
mous; sepals ovate, acuminated, 3-times shorter than the petals.
lated; flowers axillary, solitary
O. 2. S. Native of Brazil in moist places. S. péndula, Mart.
or twin, sometimes in threes; ge-
ex Steven, in litt. Flowers pinkish.
nerally nodding ; segments of ca-
Heath-like Sauvagesia. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. Z foot.
lyx ovate-oblong, acute, or lanceo-
10 S.? FRUTICÒSA (Mart. in litt. et D.C. prod. 1. p. 316.)
late, acuminated, a little longer than
stem much branched, covered with lanceolate, bristly-pectinated
the corolla ; filiform appendages
permanent stipulas ; branches fastigiate; leaves crowded at the
numerous. h.or 4. S. Native
top of branchlets, linear, acute, with sharp, serrulated, revolute
in humid meadows and on the bor-
margins ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. h. S. Native of
ders of rivulets and fountains as
Brazil on rocks. Flowers pinkish.
well as in marshes throughout South
Shrubby Sauvagesia. Fi. Feb. Sh. 1 foot.
America and the West Indies, also
11 S. SALICIFOLIA (Ging. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 316.)
in Guinea, Madagascar, and Java.
stems branched, ascending ; leaves lanceolate, with revolute,
Jacq. amer. p. 77. t. 51. f. 3. St. Hil. mem. mus. 11. pl. 6. t. quite entire margins; stipulas awl-shaped, awned, entire ; flowers
I. A. S. erécta, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 253. t. 100. f. b. Lam. ill. solitary, almost sessile. h. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers
II. p. 119. t. 140. f. 1 and 2. S. erécta and nùtans, Pers. ench.
S. erécta and nutans, Pers. ench. pink? Perhaps a species of Lavràdia.
1. p. 253. S. erécta, Adima, and nùtans, Poir. encyclo. VI. p. Willow-leaved Sauvagesia. Shrub Ž foot.
.
669, 670. suppl. 5. p. 72. S. erécta, Adìma, and Peruviàna, Cult. Sauvagèsia is a genus of elegant little annual or
Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 437 and 438. S. Adìma, Spreng. shrubby plants. The annual species should be sown thinly in
neue. entd. 1. p. 294. S. erécta and geminiflòra, Ging. viol. pots in a mixture of loam and peat in the month of March, and
p. 27. t. II, X. The five outer petals are white, and sometimes then placed in a moderate hot-bed, where they may remain until
flesh-coloured. The five inner ones purple at base and white at they have ripened their seeds, or they may be removed into
the apex, girded on the outside by numerous filiform append- the stove when the plants are of sufficient size. The shrubby
ages. This plant is called Yaoba by the Caribbs, Yerba de kinds require the heat of a stove, and should be planted in the
St. Martin by the Peruvians. This is a truly polymorphous same kind of soil as recommended for the annual species,
plant.
They may be either increased by cuttings under a hand-glass in
6
an
1

FRANKENIACEÆ. V. LAVRADIA. CARYOPHYLLEÆ.
379
heat, or by seeds. The whole of the species require to be kept Glandular-calyxed Lavradia. Fl. Feb. Mar. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
rather moist during the summer months.
5 L. CAPILLA'RIS (St. Hil. in
FIG. 77.
mem. mus. 11. p. 113. pl. 10.) stem
V. LAVRA'DIA (in honour of the Marquis of Lavradio, a much branched ; leaves approxi-
distinguished patron of botany ; once Viceroy of Brazil). Vellosa mate, numerous, lanceolate, acute
et Vand. in R oem. script. lus. et bras. p. 88. t. 6. f. 6. D.C. at both ends, with glandular serra-
prod. 1. p. 314. St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 107.
tures, veiny ; panicle terminal, di-
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx profoundly 5-
LINSYST
varicating, capillary, generally few-
parted (f. 77. a.), spreading, permanent, closed when in fruit. flowered. h.s. Native of Brazil
Outer petals 5 (f. 77. b.), equal, spreading, ovate, or ovate- in sandy places on mountains near
lanceolate, deciduous. Inner corolla monopetalous (urceolus ?), the places called Itambe and Tapan-
ovate-conical, narrowed at the apex (f. 77. c.) and toothed, per- hoa-canga, in the province of Minas
manent, without any filiform appendages between the outer and Geraes, at about the height of 2000
inner corolla. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals of the feet above the level of the sea.
outer corolla, but inclosed within the inner corolla ; permanent Flowers red.
filaments very short, adhering to the base of the inner co. Var. B, glandulòso-pubéscens (St.
rolla; anthers fixed by their base, elliptical, 2-celled, opening Hil. l. c. p. 114.) branches clothed
lengthwise at the sides. Style erect (f. 77.
Style erect (f. 77. d.) permanent, with glandular pubescence ; leaves
crowned by a scarcely manifest stigma. Ovary (f. 77. e.) 1- smaller ; stipulas almost simple.
celled at the top and 3-celled at the base, many-seeded. Capillary-panicled Lavradia. Fl. Nov. to April. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
Capsule ovate, 3-lobed, acute, 3-valved, and empty at the 6 L. ALPE'STRIS (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 32. t. 22.) leaves ap-
top, but with the valves bent inwards at the base, even to the proximate, linear, quadrifariously disposed, spreading horizon-
centre of the capsule, therefore the capsule is 3-celled at the
,
tally, quite entire ; stipulas almost entire, setaceous; bracteas
base, dissepiments lunulately truncate, and bearing the seeds and sepals naked ; flowers panicled. Þ.S. Native of Brazil
at the top. Seeds, albumen, and embryo as in Sauvagèsia. in the province of Minas Geraes in stony shady places. Corolla
Elegant, smooth, subshrubs. Leaves simple, on very short purplish or rose-coloured.
footstalks. Stipulas lateral, twin, ciliated, permanent. Flowers Rock Lavradia. Fl. April, May. Sh. 3 to 4 feet.
axillary or terminal, disposed in racemes, rarely in panicles, but 7 L. MONTA'NA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 33. t. 23.) leaves alter-
in both cases they are bracteate ; they are either white or red. nate, almost sessile, obovate, marginate, denticulated, obtuse,
Parts of flowers twisted in the bud.
smooth, ending in a mucrone; stipulas pinnatifid, bracteas and
1 L. ERICOIDES (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 108. pl. 7. f. calyxes ciliated with glands. H. S. Native of Brazil in the
a.) leaves crowded, small, linear, quite entire, with revolute province of Minas Geraes. L. Vandéllii, Roem. et Schult, script.
margins; flowers axillary. K. S. Native of Brazil on the lus. min. p. 88. t. 16. f. b. L. glandulòsa, var. B rubella, St.
top of a mountain called Caraca in the province of Minas Geraes, Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 113.
.
Flowers deep rose-coloured, in
at the height of about 5700 feet above the level of the sea, but crowded racemose panicles.
very rare.
The five outer petals are rose-coloured, and the urce- Mountain Lavradia. Clt. 1826. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
olus is purple.
Cult. These elegant shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of
Heath-like Lavradia. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 to foot.
loam, sand, and peat, and cuttings will root readily in sand under
2 L. ELEGANTISSIMA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 109. pl. 8.) a hand-glass, in heat.
stem a little branched ; leaves minute, much crowded, in bun-
dles, elliptically-ovate, very blunt, quite entire, veinless ; racemes
Cohort III. Ovary solitary. Placentas central.
short, terminal. h. S. Native of Brazil in sandy places on
ORDER XXVII. CARYOPHY'LLEÆ. Juss. gen. 299.
the mountains called Serra de Curumatahy in the province of D. C. prod. 1. p. 351. Caryophylleæ and Arenàriæ, Lam,
Minas Geraes, near Tejuco, at the height of about 4000 feet
Calyx of 4 (f. 79. a.) but usually of 5 sepals (f. 81. b.), con-
above the level of the sea, but very rare. An elegant little
shrub, with pale purple flowers.
tinuous with the pedicel, never free, sometimes united together
Most elegant Lavradia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
into a tube, which is 4-5-toothed, constantly imbricate in æstiva-
3 L. VELLÓZII (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 110.) stem a tion, usually permanent. Petals equal in number to the teeth
little branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute at both ends, serrated ; or sepals of the calyx, and alternating with them, inserted
racemes compound, generally few-flowered. ñ.S. Native of in a more or less elevated torus, unguiculate, with an entire (f.
Brazil in humid places of woods, and in arid places of moun-
tains, but very rare, in the province of Minas Geraes near foun-
80, d. f. 81. b.) or bifid (f. 79. d.) spreading limb, usually
,
tains at the height of about 3700 feet above the level of the
furnished with petal-like scales at the throat (f. 78. d. f. 79. c.).
sea. Lavradia, Vel. mss. Vand. A. lus. et bras. p. 15. f. 6.
These scales are seldom absent. Stamens equal in number with
Vand. in Roem. script. p. 88. t. 4. f. 6. L. Velloziàna, Steud. the petals, or double that number (f.79. e. f. 81.6.), inserted in the
Flowers purple.
Velloz's Lavradia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
torus, those that are alternate with the petals are much earlier
4 L. GLANDULO'SA (St. Hil. in mem. mus. 11. p. 112. pl. 9.)
than the others and free, those that are opposite the petals are
stem a little branched ; leaves much crowded, obovate, very
sometimes adnate to their base, sometimes these last are abortive;
blunt, with dry gland-like serratures, mucronate ; racemes fur- filaments awl-shaped (f. 80.c.), sometimes monadelphous at the
nished with very short branches; bracteas and calyxes with base; anthers 2-celled (f. 81.e.), birimose, usually inserted by their
glandular serratures. h.S. Native of Brazil, plentiful on the
mountains in the province of Minas Geraes among stones, espe-
base. Ovary inserted on the top of the torus, simple, ovate, or
cially at the places called Itambe, Ponte Alta, and Candonga, at
oblong (f. 81. f.), 2-5-valved, crowned by an equal number of
the height of about 2000 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers stigmas (f. 81. g.), these are filiform or clavate, distinct from the
.
rose-coloured. Leaves broad, terminated by a long point (f. 77.), base, stigmatose and papillose inside.
. , ,
Capsule 2-5-valved,
a
.
nom.
3 C 2

380
CARYOPHYLLEÆ.
united at the base and opening at the top (f. 78.a.), and toothed ; 4 SAPONA'RIA. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, naked at the base.
teeth equal in number to the valves of the capsule, sometimes Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10. Style 2. Capsule 1-celled.
entire, sometimes bifid, usually 1-celled, but sometimes 2-5- 5 Cucu'BALUS. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, naked. Pe-
celled from the partitions jutting out from the valves to the tals 5, unguiculate, with a bifid limb. Capsule fleshy, 1-celled.
central placenta, sometimes incomplete, sometimes continuous 6 SILE'NE. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, un-
to the axis. Placenta always central, it is free and rather guiculate, with an entire or bifid limb, usually furnished with a
conical in the 1-celled capsule, and sometimes, though seldom, crown of petal-like bifid scales in the throat. Stamens 10.
continuous with the base of the styles; in the many-celled cap- Styles 3. Capsules 3-celled at the base, opening at the top,
sules it is connected with the dissepiments. Seeds indefinite, 6-toothed.
7 VISCA'RIA.
rarely definite, disposed along the central placenta, 2 rows in a
Calyx cylindrical, 5-toothed, naked. Petals
series, with as many series as there are styles, and alternating with 5, unguiculate, with scales in the throat. Stamens 10. Styles
them. Albumen mealy, usually central. Embryo sometimes 5. Capsule 5-celled. Anthophorum long.
perepheric, more or less incurved, rarely straight, central, with 8 Ly'CHNIS. Calyx tubular, cylindrically-clavate, 5-toothed,
the radicle pointing towards the hilum. This order is com- naked. Petals 5, unguiculate, usually furnished with a crown
posed of herbs or subshrubs with knotted stems, opposite, entire of petals like scales in the throat. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Cap-
leaves, which are usually connate at the base. The flowers sule 1-celled. Anthophorum long.
are terminal, solitary, or disposed in racemes, panicles, or co- 9 AGROSTE'MMA. Calyx egg-shaped, 5-toothed, naked. Petals
rymbs, they are either white, yellow, or red, or the shades between 5, unguiculate, furnished with a crown of petal-like scales in
these colours. They are inhabitants of mountains and pastures
the throat. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled. Antho-
of all parts of Europe, Siberia, the North of Africa and North phorum short or wanting.
America ; few are to be met with within the tropics. Most of 10 Githa'go. Calyx campanulate, coriaceous, with 5 long
the genera are ornamental and well adapted for ornamenting segments. Petals 5, unguiculate, naked. Stamens 10. Styles
rock-work and flower-borders; but in Dianthus the pride of the 5. Capsule 1-celled. Anthophorum wanting,
order consists. This genus is almost unrivalled for the brilliancy 11 VELE`ZIA. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Petals 5, with long
and fragrance of its flowers, and for the neatness of its leaves. filiform bearded claws (f. 79. c.), and an emarginated limb.
Some are trifling weeds, as Spergula, Alsine, and Cerastium. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled (f. 79. b.).
The medical virtues of this order are but slight. Saponària 12 Dry'pis. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. Petals 5, unguicu-
officinalis and one or two others have been praised for possessing late, with 2-parted limbs and with a crown of bifid petal-like
antisyphilitic properties; the root of Silène Virginiana is reputed
scales in the throat. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled,
anthelmintic, and the Arenària peploìdes, being fermented, is cut round about, 1-seeded from abortion.
used by the Icelanders as food. This order differs from all the 13 Vivia'NIA. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed. Petals 5, ungui-
foregoing in the placentas being central, not intervalvular, nor culate. Stamens 10. Stigmas 3. Capsule 3-celled, half 3-valved,
marginal, and from Líneæ in the cells being many-seeded, not 1- many-seeded.
2-seeded as in that order, except from abortion, as well as in the
TRIBE II.
valves of the capsule being connected, not separating from the base.
From Malvàceæ it differs in the capsule not being of numerous
AsInE'Æ. Sepals 4-5, free, or hardly connected at the base.
distinct carpels surrounding the axis. The seeds of all retain 14 ORTEGIA. Calyx 5-parted. Corolla wanting. Stamens 3 ;
their vegetative power for a length of time, therefore they are
anthers cordate. Style 1, crowned by a capitate stigma, Cap-
easily introduced in a living state from any part of the world. sule 1-celled, 3-valved. Seeds fixed to the bottom of
cap-
sule.
Synopsis of the
genera.
15 GOU'FFEIA. Calyx 5-parted, spreading. Petals 5, entire.
Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule globose, 1-celled, 2-valved, 1-
TRIBE I.
2-seeded.
Sile'NEÆ. Sepals united into a cylindrical tube, which is 4-5- 16 Buffo'nia, Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4, entire. Sta-
.
toothed at the apex.
mens 4. Styles 2. Capsule compressed, 1-celled, 2-valved, 2-
1 GypsoPHILA. Calyx campanulate, angular, somewhat 5- seeded.
lobed, with membranous margins. Petals 5, not unguiculate. 17 SagìNA. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, or wanting.
Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled.
Stamens 4-5. Capsule 4-5-valved, 1-celled, many-seeded.
2 BA'NFFYA. Calyx tubular, profoundly 5-parted. Petals 18 Mæ'NCHIA. Sepals and petals 4.
Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 4. Styles 4.
5, undivided. Stamens 10, 5 of which are fertile. Styles 2. Capsule membranous, 1-valved, 1-celled, 8-10-toothed at the
Capsule 1-celled, few-seeded.
apex, many-seeded; seeds kidney-shaped.
3 DIA'NTHUS. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, furnished with 2-6 19 HYMENE'LLA. Calyx 4-parted, spreading. Petals 4,
imbricate, opposite scales at the base. Petals 5 (f. 78. b.) with oblong, entire, length of the calyx. Stamens 4, alternate with
long claws. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled (f. 78.). the petals, joined at the base by a little 8-toothed crown.
Seeds compressed.
Ovary ovate. Styles 3. Capsule 3-celled.

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. I. GYPSOPHILA.
381
.
LIN.
20 MOEHRI'NGIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8.
Tribe I.
Styles 2. Capsule 4-valved, 1-celled, many-seeded.
SILE'NEÆ (plants agreeing with Silène, in having a tubular
21 ELA'TINE. Calyx 3-4-parted. Petals 3-4, without claws. calyx.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 351.-Caryophylleæ, Lam. Sepals
Stamens 3-4 or 6-8. Styles 4, capitate at the top. Capsule 4-
.
grown together into a cylindrical or campanulate tube, 4 or 5-
toothed at the apex.
valved, 4-celled, many-seeded. Seeds cylindrical.
22 Be'raia. Calyx 5-parted
. Petals 5. Stamens 10. Style pedew, phileo, to love ; because the plants of this genus chiefly
5
I. GYPSO'PHILA (from yupos, gypsos, lime, or plaster, and
5, approximate. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled.
prefer a limestone or chalky soil.) Lin. gen. no. 768. D. C. prod.
23 MOLLƯ'GO. Calyx 5-parted. Petals wanting. Stamens
1. p. 351.
3, Styles 3. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, many-seeded.
Lin. syst. Decandria, Digynia. Calyx campanulate, angu-
24 PHARNA'CEUM. Calyx 5-parted. Petals wanting. Sta- lar, somewhat 5-lobed ; margins of lobes membranous. Petals
mens 5. Styles 3. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, many-seeded. 5, not unguiculated. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled.
25 Phy'sa. Calyx of 5-sepals. Petals wanting. Stamens
Annual, or perennial evergreen herbaceous plants, with leaves
resembling the pink, and small white or pink flowers, usually dis-
10. Stigmas 3. Capsule 3-furrowed, 3-valved, 3-celled.
posed in diffuse panicles.
Valves septiferous, conniving with the receptacle.
Sect. I. STRUTUIUM (Struthium is the Latin for fullers’herb.)
26 HOLO'STEUM. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, toothed. Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 352. Calyxes free from scales
Stamens 5, or only 3-4 from abortion. Styles 3. Capsule 1- at the base.
celled, opening at the apex by 6 teeth.
1 G. OCCELLA'TA (Sibth. et Smith, fl. græc. t. 387.) flowers
27 SPE'RGULA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, entire. Stamens
capitate ; petals ovate, marked by a purple circle ; stems diffuse
leaves spatulate, downy on both surfaces. 4. H. Native of
10. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled, 5-6-valved, many-seeded.
mount Delphi in the island of Negropont. Cucubalus poly-
28 SPERGULA'RIA. Calyx 5-parted or 5-sepalled. Petals 5, gonoides, Willd. spec. 2. p. 690 ? Petals entire, white, marked
entire. Stamens 5-10. Styles 3-5. Capsule 1-celled, 3-5- with a purple circle as in Dianthus deltoides. Stems diffuse, 3
valved, many-seeded ; seeds marginate.
or 6 inches long.
29 DRYMA'RIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, bifid. Stamens
Occellated-petalled Gypsophila. Fl. Suly, Aug. Pl. foot.
2 G. THYMIFÒLIA (Sibth. et Smith, A. græc. t. 388.) flowers
5. Styles 3. Capsule 3-valved, even to the base, 5 or many-
somewhat capitate; stems diffuse, somewhat dichotomous; leaves
seeded. Embryo perepheric, rather annular.
spatulate, downy on both surfaces ; petals obovate, rounded,
30 SchíEDEA. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, minute, bifid. not spotted. 4. H. Native of mount Parnassus. Habit of
Stamens 10. Styles 3, stigmatose on the inside. Capsule 1-
G. occellàta. Stem more elongated and more branched. Calyx
hairy. Flowers 2 or 3 in each tuft, white. Plant diffuse.
celled, 3-valved, separating near to the base, many-seeded.
Thyme-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. July. Pl. foot.
31 STELLA'RIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, bifid. Stamens
3 G. STRUTHIUM (Lin. spec. 582.) flowers in dense round
10, or from abortion only 3-8. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled, 6- panicled tufts; stems simple, roughish ; leaves linear, fleshy,
valved at the apex, many-seeded.
nearly semi-cylindrical, axillary ones crowded. 4. H. Native
32 ARENA'RIA. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, entire. Sta-
of Spain.-Barrel. icon. 64. t. 119. Stems shrubby at the base.
mens 10 or fewer from abortion. Styles 3. Capsule 1-celled,
Flowers white. Petals hardly emarginate. This herb is said
to be used instead of soap for scouring by the Spaniards at pre-
3-6-valved at the apex, many-seeded.
sent, as it was by the ancients. It would be curious to know if
33 ME'RCKIA. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, entire. Stamens the plant contains fossil-alkali, like many succulent maritime
5. Styles 3. Capsule inflated, depressed, globose, 3-valved, plants
, and whether the saponaceous qualities of Saponària offi-
imperfectly 3-celled, with the dissepiment 2-parted, many-seeded.
cinàlis be owing to the same cause,
34 CERA'STIUM. Calyx 5-parted (f. 80. a.). Petals 5, usually
Fullers’-herb Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1729. Pl. 1į ft.
4 G. FASTIGIATA (Lin. amoen. 3. p. 23.) flowers corymbosely-
bifid. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled, cylindrical or fastigiate ; stems ascending ; leaves lanceolate-linear, obsoletely
globose, opening at the top, 10-toothed.
triquetrous, smooth, obtuse, secund; stamens exserted. 4. H.
35 BRACHYSTE'MMA. Calyx deeply 5-parted. Petals 5,
Native of France, Switzerland, Germany, and Siberia, among
minute, acute. Stamens 5. Styles 2. Capsule spherical, l-
rocks. Gmel. sib. 4. p. 144. f. 61. f. 1. Stem procumbent
before flowering. Flowers white. Segments of the calyx ob-
.
celled, 4-valved, 1-seeded, opening to the base.
tuse, pruinose.
36 CHERLE'RIA. Calyx of 5 sepals (f. 81. b.). Petals 5, Fastigiate-flowered Gypsophila. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759.
small, emarginate. Stamens 10. Styles 3 (f. 81. g.). Capsule Pl. 1 foot.
3-celled, 3-valved ; cells 2-seeded ?
5 G. DICHOTOMA (Besser. 'prim. fl. galiz. 1. p. 372.) flowers
37 SPERGULA'STRUM. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, very
fastigiately-corymbose ; stem erect, dichotomous, compressed,
minute, entire or wanting. Stamens 10, perigynous. Stigmas petals oblong, spreading ; styles equalling the stamens in
glabrous; leaves linear, somewhat fleshy, triquetrous, acute;
,
4, sessile, ligulately-setaceous. Capsule ovate, longer than the
length. 4. H. Native of Poland among stones about Jaslo.
calyx, 4-valved.
Flowers white or pink.
38 ? HYDROPI’TYON. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, ovate,
Dichotomous-stemmed Gypsophila. Fl. July. Pl. 2 feet. .
roundish. Stamens 10, pilose. Style 1, crowned by an orbi-
6 G. COLLìnA (Stev. in litt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 252.) stem
cular stigma.
branched, smooth; flowers fastigiate; leaves linear, somewhat
Capsule 1-celled, 1-seeded; seed filling the fleshy, acute, roughish; lobes of calyx bluntish; stamens long.
capsule.
2. H. Native about Odessa. Flowers white or pink.
-

382
CARYOPHYLLE. 1. GYPSOPHILA.
.
4. H.
4. H.
4. H.
Hill Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. Pl. 12 foot. 1-flowered; stamens rather longer than the corolla ; calyeine
7 G. ARENA RIA (Walds. et Kit. hung. 40. t. 41.) flowers segments obtuse, dotted, scabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate,
corymbosely-fastigiate; petals very rarely emarginated ; leaves flattish, smooth; stems round, prostrately ascending, smooth.
linear, rather fleshy, glabrous, flat. 4. H. Native of Hungary 4. H. Native of Calabria. Arróstia dichotoma, Raf. carat. p.
and Volhynia, in a sandy or gravelly soil. Flowers pale-red. *76. Flowers small, white. Capsule 4-5-valved. Calyx bractless.
Capsules globose.
Arrost's Gypsophila. Fl. June, July. Pl. prostrate.
Sand Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1801. Pl. 1 foot. 17 G. ASCE'NDENS (Jacq. hort. vind. 2. t. 138.) flowers pa-
8 G. viscosa (Murr. in comm. gott. 1783. p. 9. t. 3.) flowers nicled, small; pedumcles smooth, filiform, divaricating ; segments
fastigiately-corymbose ; branches divaricating ; leaves ovate- of calyx acute, the same length with the corolla, stamens, and
lanceolate, smooth, cordate at the base, and clasping the stem ; pistils ; stems prostrate ; leaves lanceolate-linear. 4. H. Na-
space of stem between the leaves clammy in the middle ; petals tive of the Levant. Petals emarginate, white. .
retuse; segments of calyx broad, obtuse. O. H. Native of Ascending-stemmed Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800.
.
the Levant. Flowers white or pink.
Pl. prostrate.
Clammy Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1773. Pl. 1 to 1 ft. 18 G. GLAUCA (Stev. in litt. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 353.)
9 G. TENE’LLA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 874.) flowers paniculately- flowers panicled; panicle divaricating ; branches few-flowered,
umbellate, on long pedicels ; stems very pliant. 0. H. Native? pubescent, clammy; leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat fleshy,
Bracteas short, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers white or pink.
obtuse.
Native of Caucasus. G. rèpens, Bieb. A.
Delicate Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. Į to ft. taur. 318. ex Stev, in litt. Flowers white.
10 G. GRANDIFLORA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 874.) stem straight; Glaucous-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl.1] ft.
flowers panicled ; branchlets almost naked, few-flowered ; petals 19 G. E'LEGANS (Bieb. A. taur. 1. p. 319. suppl. 296.) flowers
emarginate ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, hairy. 4 ? H. Native ? dichotomously-panicled, glabrous; petals emarginate, twice as
Panicles few-flowered. Flowers large, white or pink.
long as the calyx and stamens ; leaves lanceolate, somewhat
Great-flowered Gypsophila. Fl. July. Pl. 1] foot.
fleshy. 0. H. Native of Tauria in gravelly places. Schrank.
11 ALTISSIMA (Lin. spec. 582.) branches spreading; flowers pl. mon. t. 21. Very like G. viscosa, but the leaves are nar-
panicled, small; panicle much branched ; pedicels clammy; rower, and acute at both ends. Flowers pinkish.
stems erect; leaves lanceolate, somewhat 3-nerved.
Elegant Gypsophila. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 foot.
Native of Siberia and Greece.—Gmel. sib. 4. p. 143. t. 60. 20 G. CRE'TICA (Sibth. et Smith, A. græc. t. 384.) stem pa-
Capsules small, roundish. Segments of calyx obtuse, frosted. niculately branched, smooth, viscid, but pubescent towards the
Flowers pink or sometimes nearly white. Petals entire ? top; flowers small, erect; calyx many-nerved; leaves linear-
Tallest Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Pl. 3 to 5 ft.
5 awl-shaped, 3-nerved, smooth; petals small, entire.
12 G. PERFOLIA'TA (Lin. spec. 583.) flowers loosely panicled; Native of Candia in arid places. Saponària Crética, Lin. spec.
panicle much branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, ribbed, half 584.-Alp. exot. 292. t. 291. Flowers small, white above but
stem-clasping, horizontal ; petals entire. 4. H. Native of Spain flesh-coloured beneath. Habit of G. rígida.
and the Levant. Dill. elth. 368. t. 276. Flowers pale-red.
-
Cretan Gypsophila. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1810. Pl. Z foot.
Var. B, tomentosa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 352.) leaves downy. G. 21 G. OCHROLEU'CA (Sibth. and Smith, fl. græc. t. 385.)
pubescens, Hort. G. tomentosa, Lin. spec. 582 ?
stems dichotomous, divaricating ; petals entire, spotted at the
Native of Tauria.-Barrel
. icon. t. 1002. Flowers white or pink. base ; leaves awl-shaped, the lower ones linear and flaccid.
Perfoliate Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Cit. 1732. Pl. 2 ft. 2. H. Native on mount Hymettus near Athens. Flowers
13 G. SCORZONERIFÒLIA (Hort. mus. par. and D. C. prod. 1. like those of G. Crética, but the petals are spatulate, of a pale
p. 352.) flowers panicled ; panicles clammy; leaves lanceolate, straw-colour, and elegantly striped and spotted with purple at
half stem-clasping, acute, 3-5-nerved, smooth. 4. H. Native the base.
of Siberia near Kislar. G, sabulòsa, Stev. in litt. G. perfoliàta, Cream-coloured-flowered Gypsophila. Fl. July. Pl. 1 foot.
Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. ex Stev. This plant differs from G. perfo- 22 G. ILLY'Rica (Sibth. and Smith, fl. græc. t. 386.) pubes-
liàta, in the panicles being clammy, flowers larger, and segments cent; stem tufted at the base, but dichotomously fastigiate at
of calyx more acute. Flowers pink. Panicle dichotomous. the top; leaves linear, 3-nerved, awl-shaped ; calyx 5-angled,
Salsafee-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. bractless; petals obovate, white, with 3 dark purple dots at the
14 to 3 feet.
base of each. 2. H. Native of Greece, Illyria, and Calabria.
14 G. ACUTIFÒLIA (Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1812. p. 59.) flowers Saponària Illyrica, Lin. mant. p. 70.-Ard. spec. 2. p. 24. t.
trichotomously panicled ; peduncles villous, clammy; petals 9.-Cup. panph. 2. t. 22. Flowers fastigiate, white, each petal
emarginate, twice as long as the calyx, longer than the stamens ; with 3 purple spots at the base, entire. Anthers blue.
leaves linear, lanceolate, acuminated, flat, obscurely 3-nerved. Illyrian Gypsophila. Fl. May, June. Pl. foot.
2. H. Native of Caucasus on stony hills. G. altíssima, Bieb. 23 G. STEVE'NI (Fisch. in litt. Schrank. hort. mon. t. 32.)
fl. taur. cauc. 1. p. 280. but not of Lin. Flowers white.
flowers panicled; stem diffuse ; leaves linear-lanceolate, grassy,
A cute-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. 2 keeled, grey; petals broad-linear, obtuse, entire. 4. H. Native
or 3 feet.
of Iberia in stony places about Tiflis. G. rèpens, Bieb, f.
15 G. PANICULA'TA (Lin. amoen. 3. p. 23.) flowers panicled, taur. 1. p. 318. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers whitish.
minute, dioeceous; peduncles smooth, filiform, divaricating ; Steven's Gypsophila. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
segments of calyx obtuse; leaves linear-lanceolate, scabrous, 24 G. GRAMÍNEA (Sibth. and Smith, prod. 1. p. 279.) flowers
4. H. Native of Sicily in sandy or gravelly places, panicled; stem almost naked; radical leaves linear, tufted;
also in Siberia and Hungary about Buda. Jacq. fl
. austr. 5. t. petals emarginate ; calyx pubescent, with roughish edges. 4.
1. A diffuse plant, with numerous small whitish flowers. H. Native on the mountains of the Morea. Radical leaves
Panicled-flowered Gypsophila. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. numerous, grassy, pale-green, with scabrous margins. Flowers
Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
rose-coloured.
16 G. ARRÓSTII (Guss. pl. rar. p. 160. t. 30.) flowers pa- Grassy-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. Pl.
nicled, small, hermaphrodite ; branches of panicle trichotomous, prostrate.
4. H.
-
acute.

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. I. GYPSOPHILA.
383
25 G. ARMERIOIDES (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 353.) Native of France, Switzerland, Germany, Sweden, and Tauria,
stems tufted, stiff; flowers dichotomously-panicled ; peduncles by road sides and in corn-fields. Sibthorp gathered it on the By-
and calyxes beset with glandular hairs ; calyx striated, with thinian Olympus. Lam. ill. 375. G. serotina, Hayne. Flowers
acutish segments, which have scarious margins; petals spatulate, small, pinkish. This is a small biennial upright bushy herb.
almost entire ; leaves linear, bluntish, firm, length of internodes. Wall Gypsophila. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1739. Pl. į to 2 ft.
2. H. Native of Troada. Habit of Dianthus Armèria. Flowers 35 G. COMPRE'SSA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 343. t. 97.) stem erect,
pink or white.
panicled, compressed ; pedicels pubescent; flowers terminal ;
Armeria-like Gypsophila. Fl. July. Pl. 1 foot.
.
calyxes elongated, striated, with acute lobes ; leaves awl-shaped,
26 G. PUBE'SCENS; flowers panicled, small; branches of pa- lanceolate, striated. O. H. Native of Barbary in sandy corn-
nicle trichotomous, divaricate; stamens longer than the corolla ; fields. Petals white, variegated on the under surface with
calycine segments obtuse, dotted, scabrous; leaves linear-lan- violet-coloured veins, entire.
ceolate, flat, clothed with glandular hairs ; stem prostrate, also Compressed-stemmed Gypsophila. Pl. 1 foot.
beset with glandular hairs. 2. H. Native of Calabria. G. 36 G. CERASTIOÌDES (D. Don, prod. A. nep. p. 213.) stems
Arróstii B, pubéscens, Guss. pl. rar. p. 160.
160. Flowers small. erect, 4-sided, pilose; pedicels and calyxes pilose; flowers
Pubescent Gypsophila. FI. July. Pl. prostrate.
Fl
corymbose ; lobes of calyx lanceolate, acute, girded by a mem-
27 G. TENUIFÒLIA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 319. suppl. 296.) branaceous fringed margin; petals emarginate ; leaves pilose on
stems somewhat panicled, few-flowered; petals emarginate, both surfaces, as well as ciliated on the margins, radical ones
twice as long as the calyx and stamens; leaves awl-shaped, fili- spatulate on long footstalks, mucronulate, cauline ones obovate,
form, glabrous. 21. H. Native about the Caucasian ports. almost sessile. 4. H. Native of Nipaul in Gosaingsthan.
Root twisted, very thick, and with the leaves similar to those of Flowers white.
Plantàgo subulata. Petals rose-coloured, inflexed, emarginate. Chick-weed-like Gypsophila. Pl. 1 to foot.
Fine-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 ft.
28 G. RE'PENS (Lin. amoen. 3. p. 23. spec. 581.) stems some-
what panicled, few-flowered; stamens shorter than the emar- Sect. II. PETRORHA GIA (probably from mempos, petros, a
ginate petals ; leaves linear, glabrous. 4. H. Native of the
Native of the rock, and onyvvut, rhegnumi, to break; because the plants grow
Alps of Europe, as well as in the Pyrenees, among stones by on rocks, which they break with their roots.) Ser. mss. and D. C.
road sides and along the borders of torrents. Lam. ill. t. 375.
Lam. ill. t. 875. prod. 1. p. 354. Calyxes furnished at their base with 2 or 4
f. 2. Jacq. fl. aust. 5. p. 4. t. 407. Petals white, streaked with opposite scarious scales.
green or red. Root creeping. This plant resembles a species 37 G. GLOMERA'TA (Pall. ined. taur. ex Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p.
of Cerastium or Arenària.
321. suppl. 297.) flowers in clustered heads; stems straight,
Creeping Gypsophila. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1774. Pl.ft. simple, herbaceous; leaves linear, triquetrous from being keeled,
29 G. PATRÍNII (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 353.) stems rather scabrous; stamens rather longer than the retroflexed ob-
somewhat panicled, few-flowered; segments of calyx bluntish; ovate petals ; bracteas of calyx scariose. 2. H. Native of
petals equal in length with the stamens ; leaves very narrow, Tauria and Caucasus in stony places. Flowers white.
thick, three times longer than the space of the stem between Glomerate-flowered Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
the leaves. 4. H. Ñative of Siberia in fields at Irtish about Pl. 1 foot.
Oustka-Menogorik. Flowers pink.
38 G. CAPITA'TA (Pall. ex Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 321.) stem suf-
Patrin's Gypsophila. Fl. July. Pl. 1 foot.
fruticose, much branched; branches dichotomous, scabrous,
30 G. DU BIA (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 23.) petals obovate, compressed, angular ; flowers capitate; stamens exserted;
emarginate ; stamens shorter than the campanulate corolla ; leaves lanceolate, smooth, glaucous. h. F. Native of Asia
leaves linear, rather fleshy. 2. H. Native ? Perhaps G. Minor. G. glomeràta B, capitàta, D. C. prod. 1. p. 354.
rèpens, Lin. ex Treveranus. Flowers white.
Flowers white.
Doubtful Gypsophila. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1815. Pl. į foot. Capitate-flowered Gypsophila. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
31 G. PROSTRA'TA (Lin. spec. 1. p. 581.) stems diffuse, 39 G. SAXIFRAGA (Lin. spec. 584.) stems numerous, erect,
panicled ; pistils longer than the emarginate petals; stamens stiff; flowers panicled, terminal ; calyx girded with 4 unequal
shorter than the corolla; leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth. 2. lanceolate scales; leaves linear, stiff. O. H. Native of the
H. Native on the Alps of Europe ? Sims, bot. mag. t. 1281.- south of Europe on rocky or stony places. Smith, exot. bot. 2.
Pluk alm. 22. t. 75. f. 2. Flowers white or pale rose-coloured. t. 90. Dianthus saxifraga, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 413.-Barrel.
.
Like G. rèpens.
icon. t. 998. Roots fibrous. Petals rose-coloured, emarginate.
Prostrate-stemmed Gypsophila. Fl. July, Sep. Pl. prostrate. Var. B, capillàcea (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 354.)
32 G. ROKE'JEKA (Del. A. ægyp. 87. t. 29. f. 1.) stem erect; leaves and stems capillary, elongated. G. filiformis, Lam.
branches weak, panicled, dichotomous; peduncles capillary ; Var. y, hispidula (Ser. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) leaves and stems
.
petals large, painted with lines ; radical leaves ovate, oblong, rather hispid. Native of Vallais.
upper ones linear. O ? 4 ? H. Native of Egypt near Soueys.
?
Saxifrage-like Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. Pl.
Rokéjeka, Forsk. decr. 90. no. 77. Flowers white striped with
I
foot.
violet. Capsules globose. Seeds hemispherical, black, rough. 40 G. RIGIDA (Lin. amoen. 3. p. 24.) stems numerous, mo-
Rokejeka Gypsophila. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
derately branched ; calyx girded by 4 equal ovate scales or
33 G. THESLIFÒLIA (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 354.) bracteas ; petals emarginate ; leaves linear erect.
4. H. Na-
stems numerous, somewhat panicled, few-flowered, straight ; tive of rocky dry places in the south of Europe. Found on
petals almost entire, equal in length with the stamens; leaves the Bithynian Olympus by Dr. Sibthorp. Root woody. Stem
linear, very narrow, glabrous. 7. H. Native of Siberia about spreading a span long, more or less downy on the upper part.
the mines of Schamanaikha (Patrin.) Flowers pink.
Leaves nearly pressed close to the stem, dilated and membra-
Thesium-leaved Gypsophila. Fl. July. Pl. foot.
į
nous at the base. Flowers solitary, rarely in pairs, terminal,
34 G. Mura'LIS (Lin. amon. 3. p. 24. spec. 583.) stem dicho- pale rose-coloured. Teeth of calyx mucronate.Styles short.
tomously-panicled, much branched; flowers axillary, solitary ; Rigid Gypsophila. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1769. Pl. prostrate.
petals crenated; leaves linear, flat, length of pedicels.
41 G. DIANTHOIDES (Sibth. et Smith, fl. græc. t. 383.) leaves
-
7. H.

384
CARYOPHYLLEÆ, I. GYPSOPHILA. II. BANFFYA. III, DIANTHUS,
linear, obtuse ; flowers capitate ; bracteas crowded, pointed, Túnica prolífera, Scop. carn. no. 503. Flowers small, pale-
membranous ; petals obtuse, quite entire. 4. H. Native of
Native of red. Seeds ovate, flat. Heads of flowers involucrate.
Candia. Flowers 4-6 in a head. Teeth of calyx acute.
, Var. B, diminùtus (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 741.) flowers generally
Petals white, variegated on the under surface with 3 red lines, solitary. Dianthus diminutus, Lin. spec. 587. fl. græc. 394.
Pink-like Gypsophila. Fl. July. Pl. 1 foot.
Proliferous Pink. Fl. July, Aug. England. Pl. 1 to 11 ft.
42 G. MULTICA U’LIS (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 875.) stems numerous,
. p
2 D. SPINÒSUS (Desf. in ann. mus. 1. p. 198. t. 16. f. 1.)
straight, simple; leaves pressed to the stem and sheathing at the shrubby, procumbent ; flowers capitate, sessile ; leaves stiff,
base, awl-shaped, nervose ; flower terminal, solitary, sessile. awl-shaped, pungent. h. F.
awl-shaped, pungent. h. F. Native of Persia. Petals linear,
4. H. Native of Switzerland. Perhaps a variety of G, of a very pale rose-colour. Habit of Drýpis spinosa, and with
saxifraga. Flowers pink.
the flowers about the same size. Calycine scales equal in length
Many-stemmed Gypsophila. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. { foot. to the tube.
Cult. The species of Gypsophila are for the most part orna- Spinose-leaved Pink. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Shrub į foot.
mental plants, and are well adapted for flower-borders or rock-
§ 2. Bracteas lanceolate, acute. Calyx striated, villous.
work, particularly the smaller ones for the latter purpose. A
Flowers scentless.
chalky soil suits them best, and cuttings planted under a hand-
Herbaceous. Annual.
glass root freely, but the best mode of increasing them is by
seeds, which ripen in abundance. The annual species only re-
3 D. ARME'RIA (Lin. spec. 586.) flowers aggregate, in loose
quire to be sown in the flower-border or on rock-work in the
bundles; scales of calyx 2, lanceolate-awl-shaped, equal in length
with the tube ; leaves lanceolate-awl-shaped, and are as well as
beginning of April.
calyx hairy; petals beardless. O. H. Native in pastures and
II. BA'NFFYA (Banffy the name of some botanist known to about hedges on a gravelly soil in many parts of Europe. In
Baumgarten.) Baumg. fl. trans. ex Spreng. neue. entd. 1. p. several parts of Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 317. Curt. fl.
300. D. C: prod. 1. p. 355.
lond. 134. fl. dan. t. 230. D. hírtus, Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 533. but
LIN. Syst. Decándria, Digynia. Calyx tubular, deeply
not of Vill. Flowers speckled with pink and white, only one
5-parted, permanent. Petals 5, undivided. Stamens 5 fertile, open at a time in each tuft.
and 5 sterile. Pistils 2.
Pistils 2. Capsules 1-celled, few-seeded.--
Var. ß; flowers solitary.
Scarcely differing from Gypsophila, unless in the tubular calyx, Armeria or Deptford Pink. Fl. Jul. Aug. Brit. Pl. 1 foot.
.
and number of seeds.
4 4 D. CORYMBOSUS (Sibth. and Smith, f. græc. t. 395.) flowers
1 B. PETRÆ'A (Baumg. 1. c.) stems herbaceous, straight, tufted ; somewhat aggregate; calycine scales 2, lanceolate, villous,
leaves linear, obtuse, keeled ; bracteas minute; calyx coloured.
shorter than the tube ; stem branched, divaricating, many-
4 ?H. Native of Transylvania in the Alps of Dinaria. Gyp- flowered, pubescent. O. H. Native of Asia Minor. Flowers
sophila Transylvánia, Spreng. syst. append. p. 179. Flowers rose-coloured above and spotted, but yellowish-green below.
white or red.
Corymbose-flowered Pink. Fl. July. Pl. 2 feet.
Rock Banffya. Fl. June, July? Pl. Į to 1 foot.
5 D. ARMERIOÌDES (Rafin. in Desv. journ. bot. 1814. vol. 2.
Cult. This plant is well adapted for rock-work. It may be p. 269.) flowers aggregate; calycine scales longer than the
either propagated by seeds or by cuttings, which will root freely calyx, striated, scabrous; leaves linear, scabrous, shorter than
if planted under a hand-glass.
the spaces of the stem between the leaves ; stem simple, upper
part rough. O. H. Native of North America in meadows in
III. DIA'NTHUS (from dlos, divine, and avdos, anthos, a New Jersey. Flowers red.
flower; in allusion to the exquisite fragrance of the blossoms of Armeria-like Pink. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1826.
Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 foot.
most of the species, as well as from the unrivalled neatness and
** Herbaceous. Perennial.
brilliancy of the flowers.) Lin. gen. no. 770. D. C. prod. 1. p.
355.
6 D. PSEUDO-ARME'Ria (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 323. suppl. 297.)
p
LIN, Syst. Decándria, Digýnia. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed,
flowers in dense, aggregate bundles; calycine scales ovate-awl-
furnished at the base with 2-4-6 opposite imbricate scales. Petals shaped, equal in length to the tube ; petals bearded ; leaves awl-
5, with long claws. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsules 1-celled.
shaped, strict, beset with scabrous pubescence. 4. H. Native
Seeds flat, convex on one side and concave on the other, peltate.
of Tauria in dry stony places. Sims, bot, mag. t. 2288. D.
Embryo scarcely curved. Evergreen mostly glaucous herbs. barbàtus, Pall. ined. Taur. Very like D. Armeria, but is co-
The Pink, Carnation, Clove, Deptford Pink, and Sweet-Wil-
vered all over with hoary down, not hairy. Flowers rose-
liam, give a very good idea of this genus.
coloured, pale beneath.
.
Var. ß; bracteas divaricating ; calyx short. This is a mon-
Sect. I. ARMERIA'Strum (Armeria is the Latin for Sweet- strosity.
William, and astrum, an affixed signification, in allusion to the
False Armeria Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft.
plants agreeing with Sweet-William in having aggregate flowers) calycine scales longer than the tube, striated, rough ; leaves
.
7 D. DíSCOLOR (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1162.) flowers aggregate ;
Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 355. Flowers capitate or co-
rymbose, sessile, or stalked.
green, linear, shorter than the internodes; stem simple, branched
at the top, rough. 4. H. Native of Caucasus. Flowers pur-
§ 1. Bracteas ovate, blunt.
ple, pale beneath. Perhaps the same as the preceding.
1 D. PRO'LIFER (Lin. spec. 587.) flowers aggregate, capitate;
Two-coloured-flowered Pink. Fi, Jul. Sept. Clt. 1803. PI,
1 foot.
calyx scales ovate, awnless, higher than the tube ; leaves serru-
lated. O. H. Native throughout Europe by the margins of
8 D. CAROLINIA'NUS (Walt. fl. car. 140.) flowers aggregate,
woods and fields. In England in gravelly places, but rare.
on long stalks ; calycine scales one-half shorter than the tube.
In Selsey island, Sussex ; meadows between Hampton Court
2? H. Native of Carolina. Flowers red.
and Teddington; in the border of a field opposite St. Aus-
Carolinian Pink. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1811. Pl. foot.
Å
tin's gates, Norwich ; in a marl pit at Landridge hill, Han- § 3. Bracteas ovate or lanceolate; calyx hardly striated,
ley, Worcestershire. Smith, engl. bot. t. 956. Fl. dan. 221. glabrous. Flowers fragrant.
a

CARYOPHYLLEÆ, III. DIANTHUS.
385
China Pink. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1713. Pl. to 1 foot.
. 1
* Herbaceous perennial. Flowers large, aggregate. Leaves 16 D. POIRETIA`NUS (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 360.)
broadish-lanceolate.
flowers terminal, corymbose, lower ones solitary ; calycine scales
9 D. BARBA'TUS (Lin. spec. 586.) flowers aggregate, in bun- awl-shaped at apex, much shorter than the tube ; leaves oblong-
dles; calycine scales ovate-awl-shaped, equal in length to the lanceolate, with rough margins. 4. H. Native ? D. corym-
tube; petals bearded ; leaves lanceolate, nerved. 4. H. Na- bòsus, fl. purpùreo, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 124. but not of Sibth.
tive of the South of France and Germany in gravelly or sandy and Smith. Flowers purple. There is a variety of this plant
places. Flowers very variable in colour, from dark purple to with double flowers, which is probably D. hybridus or mule pink
white or variegated or speckled, single and double.
of the gardens. See D. barbàtus, no. 9.
Sweet-William is a very old inhabitant of the gardens, and Poiret's Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Pl. to å foot.
was very much esteemed in the time of Gerarde for its beauty, 17 D. PULCHE'LLUS (Schrad.) flowers terminal, aggregate,
to deck up the bosoms of the beautiful, and garlands and crowns rarely solitary ; calycine scales ovate-lanceolate, cuspidate, equal
for pleasure. The varieties are endless, but as the plant has never with or longer than the tube ; lowest leaves obovately-lanceolate,
been treated as a leading florist's flower, they have not been upper ones lanceolate, all ciliated, particularly towards the base.
named or improved. A hybrid variety called the mule or Fair- 21. H. Native? Flowers purple. Leaves green.
child's Sweet-William is supposed to be produced from the seeds Pretty Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. Pl. to foot.
of the carnation impregnated with Sweet-William, but we think
it more likely to be the double variety of D. Poiretiànus.
** Herbaceous, perennial. Flowers capitate, usually involu-
crate. Leaves narrow, pungent.
Var. B, latifolius (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 356.)
leaves ovate-lanceolate; flowers aggregate.
18 D. PINIFÒLIUS (Sibth. and Smith, fl. græc. prod. 1. p. 284.)
Var. y, paniculatus (Ser. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) leaves ovate- flowers aggregate, capitate ; bracteas obcordate, awned, equal
lanceolate; stem panicled.
in length with the head of flowers; calycine scales shorter than
Var. d, pedunculosus (Ser. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) leaves lanceo- the tube ; leaves setaceous. 4. or h. H. Native of Thrace
late; flowers stalked, loose.
and about Constantinople.—Tab. icon. 668. f. 13. Very like D.
Var.
E, dentòsus (Fisch. in litt.) this plant does not appear to juniperinus of Lin. trans. 2. p. 303. Flowers pink.
differ from some varieties of D. barbàtus. Native of Siberia? Pine-leaved Pink. Fl. July. Pl. 1 foot.
Bearded Pink or Sweet-William. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1573. 19 D. CEPHALÒTES (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 356.)
Pl. 1 foot.
flowers almost sessile, capitate; calycine scales imbricated, mu-
10 D. LATIFÒLIUS (Willd. enum. p. 466.) flowers aggregate, cronulate at top and spreading, a little shorter than the tube;
racemosely-corymbose ; calycine scales ovate-lanceolate, at last leaves elongated, narrow; stem angular, rather hairy.. 4. H.
exceeding the length of the calyx ; leaves oblong-lanceolate. Native of? D. capitàtus, Poir. dict. 4. p. 124. Flowers red.
4. H. Native ? Sweet, fl. gard. t. 2. The habit of this plant Headed Pink. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
is referable to D. barbàtus, but the leaves are broader and the 20 D. CAPITA'TUS (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 103.)
.
flowers are disposed in corymbose racemes, and double the size. plant somewhat glaucous ; flowers aggregate, capitate; calycine
Perhaps it is the var. y of D. barbàtus. Flowers pink.
scales ovate, awned, shorter than the tube ; involucrum ovate,
Broad-leaved Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Pl. 14 foot. awned, length of the head of flowers; leaves linear-lanceolate,
11 D. CARIOPHYLLOIDES (Schult. obs. 78.) flowers aggregate,
nerveless ; upper ones dilated at the base. Flowers dark red.
in bundles; calycine scales ovate, mucronate, short ; petals 4. H. Native in grassy places of Tauria and Caucasus. D.
toothed, beardless ; leaves glaucous, broad, channelled, without atrorùbens, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 324. but not of Allioni. D.
nerves, connate and ciliated at the base.
4. H. Native? Carthusianorum, Pall.
Flowers red, sweet-scented.
Capitate-flowered Pink. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1817. Pl. 13 ft.
Clove-like Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. 14 foot. 21 D. POLYMO'RPHUS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 324. suppl. 298.)
12 D. SILENOÌDES (Poir. dict. 4. p. 514.) stem ? calycine plant dark green ; flowers sessile, capitate ; involucrum short;
scales ovate-lanceolate; leaves somewhat aggregate, rather obo- calycine scales 6, ovate, acute, not above half as long as the
vate, covered with glandular dots, ciliated. 4. H. Native? calyx ; leaves narrow, scabrous. 4. H. Native of Tauria
Flowers probably red. This plant is hardly known.
and Caucasus, and on the Lower Volga, abundant. D. atratus,
Catchfly-like Pink. Fl. July. Pl. 1 foot.
Beaupre in litt.? Flowers pale red.
13 D. AGGREGA'TUS (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 124.) flowers aggre- Polymorphous Pink. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 foot.
gate, sessile; calycine scales broad, mucronate, with membrana- 22 D. DIU'TINUS (Kit. in Link. enum. 1. p. 419.) plant green;
ceous margins, longer than the tube ; leaves lanceolate, many- flowers paniculately-fastigiate and solitary, stalked; calycine
nerved. 2. H. Native ? Perhaps only a variety of D. scales ovate, acute, not above half the length of the calyx;
barbàtus. Flowers purple.
leaves narrow, scabrous. 2. H. Native of Hungary, Sweet,
Aggregate-flowered Pink. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 ft. fl. gard. icon. ined. Flowers pale red.
14 D. JAPOʻNICUS (Thunb. fl. jap. 183. t. 23.) flowers aggre-
Durable or Day Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 ft.
gate in bundles ; calycine scales lanceolate, acute, ciliated, one- 23 D. BALBI'sII (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 356.) plant
. . .
half shorter than the tube ; leaves ovate, short, nerveless. 4.F. glaucous; flowers almost sessile, in capitate bundles ; calycine
;
Native of Japan. Habit of D. barbàtus var. pedunculòsus, but scales lanceolate, spreading a little, shorter than the tube ; leaves
the leaves are very short. Flowers pink or dark red.
lanceolate-linear; stem angular. 4. H. Native near Genoa,
Japan Pink. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1804. Pl. 1 foot.
Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 23. D. glaucophyllus, Horn. ex herb. Balb,
15 D. Chine'NSIS (Lin. spec. 588.) stem branched, flowers Leaves lanceolate-linear, not unlike those of the carnation.
solitary or somewhat aggregate; calycine scales linear-lanceolate, Flowers red.
leafy, cuspidate, spreading, equal in length with the tube ; petals Var. B, paniculatus (Ser. mss. and D. C. I. c.) flowers in pa-
toothed, purple, or white, spotted with red ; leaves lanceolate,
nicled bundles.
pale-green.
Native of China. Mill. icon. 81. f. 2. Balbis's Pink. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Curt. bot. mag. 28. Flowers very variable in colour, but usually 24 D. GIGANTE'US (D'Urv. enum. pl. archip. p. 45.) plant
reddish, and are either single or double.
green ; flowers numerous, sessile, disposed in hemispherical
3 D
.
f. H.
VOL.I.PART. V.

386
CARYOPHYLLEÆ, III. DIANTHUS.
.
heads, supported at the base by leafy bracteas ; calycine scales pink, palest beneath. Petals pilose at the base, and with 3 deeper
ovate, acuminated, pressed to the calyx, much shorter than the coloured lines.
tube ; leaves linear, very long, connate at the base a long way; Tree Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
stem round. 4. H. Native on the shores of Bulgaria on 31 D. ARBU’SCUlus (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1086.) flowers panicled,
rocks by the sea-side. Sweet, fl. gard. 208. Flowers of a rusty
-
aggregate, solitary; leaves lanceolate, and are as well as shrubby
purple colour.
stem glabrous; calycine scales 4, broad-ovate, leafy, erect;
Giant Pink. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1828. Pl. 2 to 4 feet. petals toothed. ħ. G. Native of China. Flowers single or
25 D. FERRUGI'NEUS (Lin. mant. 563.) flowers aggregate; double, of a rich purple crimson, inner petals spotted at the
,
involucres and calycine scales scarious, brown, oblong, awned, base.
both a little shorter than the calyx ; leaves linear, connate at Little-tree Pink. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1824. Shrub 13 foot.
the base. 4. H. Native in the Pyrenees about Narbonne. 32 D. ACIPHY'LLUS (Sieb. ex sicc. D. C. prod. 1. p. 358.)
-Barrl. icon. t. 497. Mill. dict. icon. 1. t. 81. f. 1. Perhaps a
.
,
shrubby; flowers panicled, few, somewhat aggregate ; bracteas
variety of D. Carthusianòrum. Petals bifid ; segments 3-tooth-
3
obovate, very blunt, somewhat obcordate, and very acutely mu-
ed, rufous on the under surface and yellow on the upper surface. cronate, one-half shorter than the calyx; petals entire or 2-
Ferrugineous-petalled Pink. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1756. Pl. 1 ft. lobed ; leaves rather distich, linear, pungent, not striated, nu-
26 D. CARTHUSIANÒRUM (Lin. spec. 586.) flowers aggregate, merous, with the margins scarcely serrulated. K.F. Native
capitate, stalked ; calycine scales 4, ovate, awned, shorter than the of Crete. Flowers red?
tube ; involucre oblong, awned, shorter than the head of flowers; Pointed-leaved Pink. F1. July, Aug. Shrub 1 foot.
petals crenate, bearded ; leaves linear, 3-nerved. 2. H. Na- 33 D. JUNIPERI'NUS (Smith, in Lin. trans. 2. p. 303.) stem
tive in uncultivated and sterile places almost throughout the shrubby; flowers aggregate, rather corymbose ; scales of calyx
whole of South Europe. Lois. prus. 37. f. 7. Smith, fl. græc. 4, obovate, mucronate, one-half shorter than the tube ; leaves
t. 392. Flowers red.
awl-shaped, pungent. ħ. F. Native of Greece. Flowers red.
Carthusians' Pink. Fl. July, Aug.
Fl. July, Aug. Cit. 1573. Pl. 1 foot. Petals deeply crenate.
27 D. ATRORU'bens (All. ped. no. 1548. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. Juniper-like Pink. Fl. July. Shrub } foot.
t. 467.) flowers sessile in aggregate heads; calycine scales 34 D, RUP/COLA (Biv. Bern. sicul. cent. 1. p. 31.) flowers
ovate, awned, shorter than the tube ; involucre ovate, awned, aggregate in bundles, bracteate; calycine scales imbricate, in 3
shorter than the head of flowers; petals bearded ? leaves linear, series, short, ciliated, outer ones bristly awl-shaped, very long ;
3-nerved. 4. H. Native of Vallais and Austria. Flower petals bearded ; leaves thickish, linear, semicylindrical, glaucous,
small, dark red.
stiff, very entire, connate at the base. 4. F. Native in the
Var. B, minus (Ser. mss. and D. C. l. c.) almost stemless ; fissures of rocks in Sicily and Calabria. Flowers rose-coloured, ,
flowers aggregate. Native of St. Gothard.
fragrant. D. Bisignana, Tenor. cat. giard. S. Bisig. 1809. p.
Var. y, anisópodus (Ser. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) flowers aggregate, 18. fl. neop. t. 39.
t. 39. D. involucràtus, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 132.
stalked and sessile. D. atrorubens, var. prolifer, Schleich. pl. Rock-inhabiting Pink. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 ft.
helv. Native of Vallais, also about Paris. Flowers dark red. 35 D. FRUTICÒSUS (Lin. spec.
FIG. 78.
Dark-red-flowered Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802. Pl. 1 ft.
.
591.) stem shrubby ; flowers ag-
28 D. Ruthe’NICUS (Roem. in Poir. suppl. 4. p. 131.) flowers gregate ; claws of petals equal in
solitary or aggregate ; calycine scales involucrate, lanceolate, length with the calyx; calycine
acute, shorter than the tube ; leaves linear, acute.
21. H.
scales numerous, mucronulate,close-
Native of Russia. D. pàtens, Horn.? Flowers purplish. ly imbricate, very short ; leaves
Russian Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 foot. obovate, lanceolate, obtuse. ħ. F.
29 D. A'SPER (Willd. enum. p. 466.) flowers aggregate, in
Native of Crete. Smith, fl. græc.
bundles; calycine scales ovate-lanceolate, pointed, shorter than t. 407. Tourn. itin. 1. p. 183. t. 9.
tube; petals bearded, acutely toothed ; leaves linear-lanceolate, Flowers dark in the middle, rose-
3-5-nerved, serrulated, and are scabrous as well as stem. 4. H. coloured in the circumference, and
Flowers red, pale beneath.
white and pilose at the base.
Var. a, angustifolius (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 357.) Shrubby Pink. Fl. July, Sept.
few-flowered ; leaves linear, acute. Native of Vallais. D. Clt. 1815. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
scaber, Schleich. ex Sut. fl. helv. 1. p. 259. D. serratus B, 36 D. SUFFRUTICÒsus (Willd.
D. C. fl. fr. 5.
p.
601.
enum. 466.) stem suffruticose;
Var. B, collinus (Ser. mss. and D. C. l. c.) many-flowered ; flowers somewhat aggregate; caly-
leaves linear-lanceolate. Native in Hungary. D. collinus, cine scales ovate, awl-shaped, thrice as short as the tube ; petals
Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 36. t. 38. Sal. par. lond. t. 62.
.
beardless ; leaves linear-lanceolate, and are scabrous as well as
D. umbellatus, D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 104.
the stem. ħ. F. Native? Bracteas linear-reflexed. Nerve
Var. y, serràtus (Ser. mss. and D. Č. I. c.) stems 1-3-flowered; of the calycine scales protruding and reflexed. Corolla large,
flowers larger than the preceding varieties ; leaves linear. Na- pink. Bracteas reflexed.
tive of the Eastern Pyrenees. D. serràtus, Lapeyr. abr. 241. Subshrubby Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. Shrub 13 ft.
and D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 601. var. a.
SECT. II. CARYOPHY'LLUM (from Kapvopullov, the Greek
Rough Pink. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. a 1817, f 1800. y 1817.
name of the clove, in allusion to the flowers of D. caryophyllus
Pl. foot.
smelling like the clove). Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 357.
*** Shrubby. Flowers aggregate.
Flowers either panicled or solitary.
30 D. ARBÒREUS (Lin. spec. 590.) stem shrubby; flowers Stem few or many-flowered, panicled, scattered. Petals cre-
aggregate ; claws of petals very long; calycine scales numerous,
nate or toothed.
mucronulate, closely imbricated, very short; leaves linear- 37 D. CAMPE'STRIS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 326.) stem branched,
glaucous. n. G. Native of Crete on rocks by the sea-side. rather hairy; branches 1-flowered; calycine scales 4, ovate,
Lodd. bot. cab. t. 459. Smith, fl. græc. t. 406.
t. 406. Flowers large, acute, one-half shorter than the calyx; leaves awl-shaped, 3-
a a
a
.
1

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. III. DIANTHUS.
387
nerved. 4. H. Native of Tauria in sandy pastures. D. bi- 46 D. PALLIDIFLÒRUS (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 358.)
1
color, Adams. Very like D. ásper. Flowers deep purple, about
,
stem smooth, loosely panicled; flowers solitary; calycine scales
the size of those of D. deltoides. Petals villous at the throat. ovate-lanceolate, awned, one-half shorter than the tube ; leaves
Field Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1815. Pl. į to foot. awl-shaped, straight, with scabrous margins. 2. H. Native
38. D. ALPE'STRIS (Balb. act. acad. taur. 7. p. 11. t. 1.) in grassy places on the borders of the river Volga. D. pallens,
flowers generally in pairs; calycine scales 4, two inner ones Bieb. f. taur. 1. p. 325. suppl. 298. but not of Sibth. Flowers
broad, mucronate ; petals emarginate. 2. H. Native in alpine pale-red, rather villous at the base.
pastures of Europe. Perhaps a variety of D. nítidus or ásper. Pale-flowered Pink. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
.
Flowers red.
47 D. VERSÍCOLOR (Fisch. in Link. enum. 1. p. 420.) stem
Alp Pink. Fl. July. Clt. 1817. Pl. I to i foot.
panicled, many-flowered, smooth; calycine scales cuspidate,
39 D. nítidus (Walds. et Kit. pl. hung. 2. p. 209. t. 191.) spreading, shorter than the tube ; petals from the throat pubes-
flowers disposed somewhat in bundles, two together ; calycine cent; leaves linear, roughish. 4. H. Native of the Russian
scales ovate, awned, shorter than the tube ; petals deeply cre- empire. Flowers red above and yellowish beneath?
nated ; stem decumbent, flexuous, scabrous; leaves linear, Party-coloured-flowered Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823.
lanceolate, obtuse. 4. H. Native of the Carpathian moun- Pl. į to 1 foot.
tains at the termination of the beech trees. Flowers red.
48 D. PUBE'SCENS (Sibth. and Smith, fl. græc. t. 397. prod.
Shining Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. I foot. 1. p. 286. and D'Urv. enum. 47.) stem ascending, villous, 2-5-
40 D. RAMOSI'SSIMUS (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 130.) flowers soli- flowered; flowers solitary; calyx scales ovate, awl-shaped, twice
tary; calycine scales 4, ovate, mucronate, shorter than the as short as the tube ; calyx striated, villous, clammy, with short
cylindrical tube ; leaves flat, narrow; stem weak, much branched. teeth ; leaves linear, villous. 3. H. Native of Greece about
4. H. Native of Tartary. Flowers white.
Athens. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 27. Flowers deep rose-coloured
Much-branched Pink. Fl. July,
Fl. July, Aug. Pl. { foot.
above, dotted and hairy at the base, but greenish-yellow beneath.
41 D. DIFFU'SUS (Sibth. and Smith, fl. græc. t. 396.) flowers Pubescent Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
Clt. 1820. Pl.
Pl. foot.
somewhat corymbose; calycine scales 2, furrowed, mucronate, one- 49 D. PRATE'NSIS (Balb. fl. taur. suppl. 300.) stem suffruti-
half shorter than the tube; stems diffuse, ascending, smoothish. cose, panicled ; flowers solitary; calycine scales leafy, acumi-
4. H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Flowers usually twin, nated, rather pressed to the calyx, outer ones lanceolate, equal
,
rose-coloured above and hairy at the base, reddish beneath and in length with the tube, inner ones shorter, ovate at the base;
yellowish-green at the base.
petals acutely toothed, rather bearded ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
Var. B, graminifolius (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append. p. 179.) lower ones bluntish, lanceolate. 4. H. Native of Tauria. D.
leaves narrow. 4. H. Native of Sicily.
ochroleucus, Link. enum. 1. p. 420. but not of Persoon. D.
Diffuse-stemmed Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. Z ft.
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. Z ft. Tatáricus, Fisch. in litt. Flowers pale-yellow, greenish beneath.
42 D. ATTENUA'TUS (Smith, in Lin, trans. 2. p. 301.) stem Meadow Pink. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1820.
Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
branched at the base ; flowers solitary; calycine scales gene- 50 D. MONTA'NUS (Bieb. i. taur. 1. p. 328.) stem smooth,
rally 6, short, lanceolate, acuminated, with membranaceous mar- branched at the top, crowdedly dichotomous; flowers solitary,
gins ; calyx long, tapering at the top; petals crenated ; claws approximate; calycine scales 6, ovate, awned, shorter than the
exceeding the calyx ; leaves awl-shaped. 4. H. Native of the tube, with a leafy spreading point; leaves linear-awl-shaped, 3-
south of France by the sea-side. D. Lusitánicus, Brot. fl. lus. nerved, hairy. 4. H. Native of Caucasus on grassy moun-
2. p. 173. t. 73. D. longiflorus, Lam. dict. 4. p.
522. Stems tains. D. díscolor, Sims, bot. mag. 1162.? Flower large, pur-
diffuse, much twisted and branched at the base ; floriferous ple, olive-coloured on the under surface.
Petals sharply-
stems divided. Flowers flesh-coloured, scentless.
toothed, villous in the throat.
Tapered-calyxed Pink. Fl. July. Clt. 1822. Pl. foot. Mountain Pink. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1803. Pl. to 1 foot.
43 D. Cauca'sicus (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 327.) stem branched, 51 D. OCHROLEU'CUS (Pers. ench. 1. p. 494. but not of Link.)
smooth ; flowers almost sessile, solitary; calycine scales ovate, stems elongated, branched; flowers solitary; calycine scales 2,
awned, erect; shorter than the calyx ; leaves awl-shaped, with ovate-lanceolate, almost one-half shorter than the tube ; segments
scabrous margins. 2. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus in of calyx narrow, long ; - petals obovate-linear, almost entire ;
subalpine fields. Sims, bot. mag. 795. This plant differs from leaves short, linear-awl-shaped. 2. H. Native of the Levant.
D. campestris, in the leaves being less glaucous. The petals Flower small, pale-yellow, or whitish.
are more deeply toothed in the figure in the botanical magazine Cream-coloured-flowered Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
than they are in the wild plant, and the leaves are more glau- 52 D. CARYOPHY'LLUS (Lin. spec. 587.) stem branched;
Flowers small, deep purple.
flowers solitary; calycine scales 4, very short, ovate, rather mu-
Caucasian Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1803. Pl. } foot. cronate; petals very broad, beardless ; leaves linear-awl-shaped,
44 D. hi'RTUS (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 593. t. 46.) flowers gene- channelled, glaucous. 2. H. Native of the south of France;
rally solitary ; calycine scales 6, ovate, awned, much shorter in England on old ruinous walls, particularly on Rochester,
than the calyx ; petals crenate, villous at the base ; leaves awl- Deal, Sandown, and other old castles, plentifully on walls in
shaped, with scabrous margins. 4. H. Native on hills in Norwich, and other old towns. Smith, engl. bot. t. 214. Sims,
the province of Dauphiny, also in Tauria. D. scàber, Chaix. bot. mag. t. 39. Flowers from single to double, white, yellow,
but not of Thunb. nor Schleich. D. virgineus, Habl
. Perhaps purple, and variegated, indeed of all colours, blue excepted.
only a variety of D. attenuàtus. Flowers pale-red. Stem pu- Var. B, flòre plèno ; flowers double, called Carnation, Sims,
bescent, simple or a little branched at the top.
bot. mag. t. 89.
Hairy Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. Pl. I to 1 foot. Var. Y, fructicòsus; called Tree Carnation.
45 G. GUTTATUS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 328. suppl. 300.) stem pa- Var.d, imbricatus (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1622.) branches short;
nicled, smooth ; flowers solitary ; calycine scales 4, ovate, awned, calycine scales numerous, imbricating ; called Wheat-ear Car-
about equal in length to the tube ; leaves awl-shaped, nervously nation, or Clove. The flowers of the Clove Gilly flower or Clove
striated, scabrous. 4. H. Native in fields about Odessa, &c. Pink are used in pharmacy to give a pleasant flavour and beauti-
Petals purple, marked with numerous white spots.
ful colour to an officinal syrup. The variety which is officinal
Spotted-flowered Pink. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 to 1 ft. surpasses all the others in the richness of its smell ; it is of a
cous.
3 D 2

388
.
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. .
.
III. DIANTHUSdark blood colour, with the stigmas protruding beyond the off their lower leaves, the earth is then stirred and the pot filled
petals.
up with light rich mould, not of too fine a grain. The incision
Var. ε, cardùinus (Ser. mss.) leaves, calyx, and petals beset
.
દ
is made by entering a quarter of an inch below the joint, and
with fistular prickles. D. caryophyllus var. Tratt. in flora, passing the knife up through the centre of it; the shoot is then to
1821. p. 717. icon.
be pegged down, and buried not more than half an inch deep.
The flowers of the Clove are very variable in size and colour, Maddock says it is adviseable to peg down the layers when in a
the double varieties of which are called Carnations, and the dry state, being then less brittle than when they are wet and
smaller flower of the latter are called Picotees.
succulent ; for this after the layers have been dressed, the pot
D. caryophyllus is considered the source whence have sprung should be placed half an hour in the sun, in order to render them
the numerous varieties of the Carnation and the Picotee. The more flaccid and pliant than they otherwise would be. When
Carnation seems to have been unknown to the ancients, at least the layers have been properly rooted, which will be the case
in its cultivated state, not being mentioned by Pliny, or sung by with most sorts in about three weeks after laying, provided
any of the Roman poets. It has, however, been cultivated from due care be taken in keeping them regularly moist, and shading
time immemorial in Europe, and is in the highest favour for its them from the heat of the meridian sun; they are then to be
beauty and rich spicy odour. It is the principal florist's flower cut off from the old plant with about half of the stalk which
in Germany and Italy, from which countries the British florists connects them with it, and be immediately planted in small
procure their best Carnation seed, and also some esteemed
pots, three or four plants in each, placed round the sides. The
varieties. The varieties amounted nearly to 400 named sorts in pots are to be placed under an arch of hoops, where they can be
the beginning of the eighteenth century, and the number has covered with mats in case of excessive rains, till the severity of
not since diminished. They are arranged in three classes, flakes, the winter renders it necessary to remove them into their winter
bizarres, and picotees. Flakes have two colours-only, and their repository, which is to be constructed as follows :—there should
stripes large, going quite through the leaves of the flower. be a bed of coal-ashes formed in the place where it is to be
Bizarres, (Fr. odd, irregular,) are variegated in irregular spots erected, six inches thick; or a platform of square tiles, closely
and stripes, and with no less than three colours. Picotees, (Fr. fitted together, rows of bricks are to be placed in lines, 3 inches
piquettee, pricked or spotted,) have a white ground, spotted asunder, which will allow a free circulation under and between
or pounced with scarlet, red, purple, or other colours. Of the pots placed upon them. Two rows of substantial stakes
each class there are numerous varieties, arranged under farther should be stuck into the ground on each side, 3 or 4 inches dis-
subdivisions, according to the predominance of the colours, as tance from the outer pots, and have notches cut on their tops to
scarlet-flake, pink-flake, purple-filake, yellow-flake, &c.; scarlet- receive the edges of the shutters. Three shutters, which will
bizarre, crimson-bizarre, &c.; and purple-picotee, yellow-pico- reach the whole length on one side, and three of the notched stakes
tee, &c. Picotees are rather smaller flowers than Carnations, will be sufficient to support the shutters, and will give room to
and are distinguished by the serrated margins of their petals ; move them backwards and forwards without any chance of slip-
the colours are principally yellow and white spotted, and the ping. It is necessary that a row of stakes should be placed between
plants are considered hardier than the other sorts. Whatever the two middle rows of pots to support the shutters when closed.
colours the flowers may be possessed of, they should be per- The south side should consist of frames of glass in severe weather,
fectly distinct, and disposed in long regular stripes, broadest at so as to admit light when they cannot be opened.
the edge of the lamina, and gradually becoming narrower as Hogg commences laying when the flowers are sufficiently
they approach the claw or base of the petal, there terminating in expanded to shew which are in colour or true to their kinds, or
a fine point. Each petal should have a due proportion of white, which not; this he finds to be about the 21st of July, and he
i. e. one-half
, or nearly so, which should be perfectly clear and continues laying from that time to the 21st of August. The
free from spots. Bizarres, or such as only contain two colours plants receive a good watering the day previous to layering,
upon a white ground, are esteemed rather preferable to flakes, because they can receive it only through a fine rose of a watering
which have but one, especially when their colours are remark- pot for some time after, for the purpose of preserving the earth
,
ably rich and very regularly distributed. Scarlet, purple, and on the layered shoots. In performing the operation he cuts off
pink, are the three colours most predominant in the Carnation, the extreme end of the tongue below the joint, because if left
the two first are seldom to be met with in the same flower, but on it is apt to decay and prevent the protrusion of the granu-
the two last are very frequently. New varieties are procured lous matter from which the fibres issue; under favourable cir-
from seeds, and thousands of seedlings are annually blown by cumstances they will be fit to take off in 6 or 7 weeks, and
florists and amateurs, sometimes without one being found worth may then be planted 2 or 3 in a no. 48 pot. The pots are then
keeping. Established or approved varieties are continued by to be set on tiles, slates, or boards, there to remain till the mid-
layering or cuttings, or as they are commonly called pipings. dle or end of October. Hogg's Treatise, p. 56.
The soil in which the Carnation thrives best is a rich loam Propagation by pipings. This mode of propagating Carna-
rather sandy than otherwise; the climate should be free from tions is very precarious, as seldom so many as the half ever strike
extremes of every kind, for which reason they are commonly root; nevertheless some sorts succeed better by pipings than by
grown in pots, and protected by a frame during winter, and layers, and make healthier plants; it requires attention to dis-
covered by an awning while in bloom. Carnations grow ex- cover such sorts from the rest. Pipings, however, are a very
ceedingly well in beds of properly prepared soil, over which necessary resource, where the shoots are too short for laying,
frames are placed in winter, and an awning of canvas or bunting or where the laying shoots are broken by accident. The first
when the plants are in blossom.
thing to provide is a slight hot-bed, cover it 4 or 5 inches
Propagation by layers. The time of performing this opera- thick with fine light mould, laid regularly and even. The
tion is when the plants are in full bloom. Layering, by the piping should have two or even three complete joints; they are to
wounds it inflicts, considerably impairs the bloom, and generally be cut horizontally, close under the second or third joint. Some
kills the parent plant. The practical part of the operation has people recommend the shortening of the leaves, but this we
nothing remarkable in it; a sufficient quantity of hooked pegs think is rather deleterious than otherwise, both in piping and
and of compost being provided; the pot containing the plant to in laying. The earth of the bed where the pipings are to be
be laid is placed on a table, and the layers prepared by cutting planted should be moderately moistened, then take a small
a

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. III. DIANTHUS.
389
а.
hand-glass, and make an impression on the surface, in order to and different towns of Switzerland, and if put in vials and well
know where to put in the pipings. The pipings should then be corked will keep for years. To raise it in this country Mad-
planted in neatly and regularly, but never more than half an dock gives the following directions. Those flowers which have
inch deep, and about an inch distant from each other; after this few petals generally produce most seed, but they should be
they should receive a gentle watering, in order to fix the earth possessed of the best properties in other respects, viz. their
more closely about them, and thereby keep out the air ; after petals should be large, broad, substantial, and perfectly entire at
this watering they are to remain open, but not exposed to the the edge, and their colours rich and regularly distributed, and in
sun till their leaves become dry, after which the glass is to be due proportion throughout the whole blossom. The plants
placed over them carefully on the same mark that was made by should be selected from the rest, and their pots should stand
it previously upon the surface of the soil. The bottom edge of upon a stage, defended against earwigs, in an open part of the
,
the glass is to be pressed into the soil to prevent the admission garden, in which situation they should remain during bloom,
of too much air. What further remains to be done is diligently and until the seed is perfectly matured; their blossoms should
to attend to their management with respect to sun and air. The be defended against rain, by having glass paper or tin covers
soil ought to be kept regularly moist until they have emitted suspended over them in such a manner as to admit the free cir-
fibres. Whenever they are watered the glasses should remain culation of the air ; the pots should neither be kept very wet
off until their leaves are dry. The pipings should have a little nor very dry; nor will it be proper to cut or mutilate the plants
of the morning sun, but must be shaded when the heat becomes either for their layers or for pipings, till the seed becomes ripe,
considerable ; this may be prevented by placing mats upon a because it would certainly weaken them, and consequently in-
slight frame of hoops. The glasses should be occasionally jure, if not destroy their seed. When the bloom is over, and
taken off to admit air, dull cloudy warm weather is the best the petals become withered and dry, they should be care-
time, but if this should not occur, the glasses may be removed a fully drawn out of the pod or calyx, being apt to retain a degree
little time in the morning. After the cuttings are tolerably well of moisture at their base, engendering a mouldiness or decay in
rooted, the glass may be taken off altogether, as they will be no that part, which will destroy the seed. There is another me-
longer necessary. But as the pipings do not all root at one thod adopted successfully in ripening seed, which is, when the
time, those that strike first should be taken out and planted in petals begin to decay, they are to be taken out as above, taking
pots, these may be known by the superior verdure and growth care to leave the two styles; the calyx is then to be carefully
of the plants.
shortened, and an aperture made on one side of the remainder,
It is necessary to know the exact plants that the pipings have so that no water can possibly get between the capsule and the
been taken from, because it seldom happens that the pipings taken calyx ; but this must be performed with great care, not to in-
from run or degenerated flowers, produce any thing but run flowers, jure the capsule. It is best to allow the open side of the calyx
and consequently not worth preserving. The layers and pipings to incline a little down, so as to prevent moisture from enter-
of the most beautifully variegated flowers will frequently produce ing. The seeds ripen in August; this may be known by the
run blossoms, but it is impossible to prevent this, especially capsule turning brown, or the seed black, or of a dark-brown
amongst the rich high-coloured sorts, when they grow in a rich colour, but if gathered before it is perfectly ripe, the greatest
compost. Hogg begins sooner to put in pipings than putting down part proves small, pale-coloured, and unproductive. When
the layers, before the shoots get hard and woody; he begins about gathered it should remain in the capsule till the middle of May
the 1st of July. Plants raised from pipings are much sounder than in the next year ; it is then to be sown in pots filled with the
those raised from layers, but still as layering is the surest mode compost, and have a little fine mould sifted upon it, barely suf-
he only makes pipings of such shoots as appear crowded, or too ficient to cover the seed; the pots should then be placed in an
short, or too high up on the plant, to be laid easily. He plants airy situation in the garden, be shaded from the heat of the sun,
them on a bed of dung blood warmth, in a compost of equal parts and kept moderately moist, but never very wet.
As soon as
of maiden earth, leaf-mould, rotten horse dung, adding a portion the
young plants have six leaves, and are about three inches high,
of sand equal to a sixth of the mass, finely sifted together, that the they should be planted out on a bed of good rich garden mould
cuttings when stuck in may enter easily and without injury. The at about 10 or 12 inches asunder, and be defended from excess
best glasses for pipings are those made of common window glass, of rain and severe frosts by mats on hoops, placed over the bed
8 inches square and 6 inches deep, and the less air they contain the in the usual manner ; they will generally blow the following
sooner will the cuttings strike root.
If the weather proves dry summer. Hogy's directions differ in nothing of importance from
and hot they will require to be watered occasionally with a fine Maddock's. He says it often happens out of 200 blooming
rose early in the morning over the glasses, which for one fort- plants, you will not be able to get two pods of perfect seed.
night at least need not be removed if they are doing well. More seed was saved in the dry summer of 1818, than in any
After this the glasses may be taken off for half an hour occa- seven preceding years. Seedlings require two years to bloom,
sionally in the morning, and dried before they are put on again, and the chance of getting a good new flower is reckoned as 1 to
and if you find any of the pipings mildewed or rotten, pull 100. If a florist raises 6 good new Carnations in his life time
At the end of 6 weeks they will be sufficiently he is to be considered fortunate. Seed out of the same pod, he
rooted to be transplanted into small pots or a prepared bed, over says, is reported to produce flowers of all the different varieties,
which it would be adviseable to place a frame and lights for a flakes, bizarres, &c. Emmerton experienced that seed from a
week or ten days, till they take fresh root. There they may scarlet flake will produce a scarlet-bizarre and a rose or pink flake.
remain till the middle of September. In taking them up, if you Soil.—Hogg takes three barrows of loam, one and a half of
find any not rooted, but sound, and their ends hard and callous, garden mould, ten ditto of horse-dung, one ditto of coarse sand;
do not let them remain upon the same spot, but remove them let these be mixed and thrown together in a heap, and turned
to another bed, with a little temporary heat, and cover them two or three times in the winter, particularly in frosty weather,
with glasses as before; this will not fail to start them, and that it may be well incorporated. On a dry day towards the
hasten their fibring.
end of November, he takes a barrow full of fresh lime, which,
Propagation by seed.
seed. Carnation-seed is rather difficult to as soon as it is slacked, he strews over while hot in turning
raise or ripen in this country, owing to the moisture and cold the heap; this accelerates the rotting of the fibrous particles of
of the autumnal months. It is generally procured from Vienna, the loam, lightens the soil, and destroys the grub-worms and
a
а
them up.
a

390
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. III. DIANTHUS.
а
slugs. If there has been much rain during the winter, so that The calyx of many sorts are apt to burst on one side, if
the strength of the compost is reduced, and the salt washed not timely prevented, and totally destroy that compact graceful
from it, he takes about seven pounds of damaged salt, and adds circular form which a perfect flower ought to possess; but this
it to it, either dissolved in water or strewed over with the hand; may be entirely prevented by fastening a small, narrow slip of
this he finds to be attended with the most beneficial result
upon
bladder round the middle of the calyx, where it is most swelled,
the future health and vigour of the plants. During very heavy and appears to have the greatest inclination to burst; these slips
rains many florists cover their compost with tarpaulin or double should lap over at the ends and be fixed by a little gum-water.
mats, to prevent the nutritious particles from being washed out; Small slips of bass-mat, tied with a single knot, will answer
this is also an excellent precaution. This compost is allowed to nearly as well. When any of the flowers open, such should
lie at least six months before it is used. For flowers that are be shaded both from sun and rain by means of paper covers,
apt to sport in colour, and yellow picotees, he lowers the compost, about 12 inches in diameter, painted white or green, and
and uses three barrows of sound staple loam, two ditto old formed like an umbrella; each should have a tin tube in the
rotten cow-dung, one ditto horse-dung, a half ditto sand, a half centre, that will permit the stick to which the stem is tied to pass
ditto lime rubbish, to be prepared and well incorporated as be- through it as far as is necessary. But when the major part are
fore.-Hogg's Treatise, &c. p. 45.
in bloom a cloth awning should be placed over the whole, and
Maddock's compost (Florist Direct.) is as follows :-one-half be drawn up or let down in the same manner and on the same
rotten horse-dung, one year old, one-third fresh sound loam, one- occasions as for the bloom of hyacinths and tulips. As ear-
sixth coarse sea or river sand. These ingredients are to be mixed wigs are very destructive to the flowers of Carnations, it is neces-
together in autumn, laid in a heap about three feet thick, turned sary to have a reservoir of water round the stages in order to pre-
three or four times during winter, and in frosty weather it should vent them, at all events the plants should be frequently examined.
be laid sufficiently thin, in order that the whole mass may be Those who are particularly curious in blowing their car-
thoroughly frozen, this will be fit for use the following spring ; nations, carefully extract such petals as are plain or run
the earth and sand may be added to it in March, the whole from their true colours; they perform this by means of an in-
should then be well mixed. Where the air is pure, experience strument adapted to the purpose, and with the same arrange the
has pointed out the propriety of using less dung and more remaining petals so as to supply the defect; in like manner they
loam, therefore the quantity of sand, loam, and dung should in dispose the whole with such regularity, that the flowers appear
this case be reversed.
to have an equal distribution of beautiful petals; and if the
Pots and potting.–The select kinds are always grown in blossoms consist of too many petals, they extract the smaller
pots. Maddock uses pots 12 inches wide at the top, 6 inches ones, and thereby afford the others more room to expand. Four
at the bottom and 10 inches deep, with a hole at the bottom an or five plants in a pot have always a more elegant appearance
inch in circumference, also three or four smaller holes round the than one or two, and seldom more than four or five blossoms
sides at the bottom, to prevent the possibility of water lodging should be allowed to expand on the same plant; the smaller
,
in the pot. Hogg uses pots rather smaller than those recom- buds should be picked off.
mended by Maddock, 12 or 16 to the cast. Potting should Carnations are to be treated in winter much like auriculas ;
commence about the middle of March, but it should never be they are seldom injured by a moderate dry frost, though it is
deferred later than the end of the month : this is to be done in safer to defend them from too much of it; but it is necessary
the common way of potting, but the earth should be much more to caution against covering up too close when the plants are
raised at the edges of the pots than in the centre. It is neces- wet, as they are apt in that state to contract a destructive mil-
sary in the repotting the plants that they neither should be dew, if they have not the benefit of a free circulation of air ;
planted deeper nor shallower than they were before, within an this mildew makes its first appearance in purple spots on the
inch of the top of the pot, this is necessary for the purpose of foliage, which can only be cured or prevented from spreading
laying, as they will then require additional mould. Hogg con- amongst the adjacent plants by cutting of the infected parts, or
siders the first week in April the safest and best time to pot removing the plants so diseased. It is necessary to defend the
Carnations.
plants from excessive rain in winter and autumn, for it is safer
General culture. When the plants are potted off for bloom, at this season to keep them rather too dry than too moist, but
the pots should be placed in an open airy part of the garden, a moderate degree of moisture is always to be preferred, ex-
under an arch of hoops, that in case of cold drying winds, heavy cept when the weather is severely frosty. As too long a de-
rains or frosty nights, mats may be thrown over to preserve privation from light is at all times prejudicial to plants, whenever
them from such unfavourable weather, but in this situation they the winter repository is required to be closely covered up with
are always to remain open, except in the cases above mentioned, mats for several days and nights, no opportunity should be lost
and to be kept regularly watered with soft water from a fine during the middle of the day, if the sun shines, to take off the
rose watering-pot. When their flower-stems are grown 8 or 10 mats in front of the glasses. When the pots become green
inches high it will be necessary to support them with sticks, with moss on the top, or too compact, it will be proper to stir it
to which the stems are to be loosely tied with twisted pieces up carefully about half an inch deep, and sprinkle a little
a
of bass-mat; this should be carefully looked after, as the stems coarse dry sand upon it, this will be of great service to the
are extremely brittle and apt to be broken by the wind. When plants and may be repeated as often as necessary. In spring,
the stems have grown about a foot and a half high, the plants before the potting commences, the pots will probably require to
should be removed to the stages, there to remain till they be frequently watered. Hogg gives a top dressing to his bloom-
flower.
ing plants about the middle of June, with about half an inch of
If small green winged insects appear on the plants, they rotten horse-dung, passed through a sieve, which he finds mate-
must be effectually extirpated, either by means of a small soft rially to assist the plants, and promote the growth of the shoots
brush or feather, by the application of a strong infusion of for layers. He waters freely while the flower-buds are swelling,
tobacco-water, or some similar easy and safe expedient; even and during the whole time they are in blossom. As soon as
Scotch snuff, dusted upon the infested parts early in the morn- the side shoots appear, a paper collar is put round the bottom
ing, while the plants are wet with the dew of the night, has been of the blossom to support it. These collars are made of white
sometimes tried in this case with success.
card
paper, of the form of a circle, 3 or 4 inches in diameter,
-
a
any

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. III. DIANTHUS.
391
-
with a hole in the centre just large enough to admit the calyx than the tube. 4. H. Native of Spain. Flowers red? This
without much compressing, and with a cut extending from the plant ought perhaps to be placed near D. corymbosus,
centre to the outside. On these cards the flower is preserved Great-flowered Pink. Fl. July, Aug. P. 1 foot.
in shape and form a long time, on these the petals are also 56 MONADE'LPHUS (Vent. hort. cels. t. 39.) glaucous ; stem
finely disposed, and the beauty of the Carnation displayed to panicled; flowers solitary; calycine scales 4, lanceolate, rather
great advantage.
pungent, spreading, shorter than the tube. 4. H.
4. H. Native of
When placed on the stage they should have the benefit of the the Levant. D. procumbens, Pers. ench. 1. p. 494. Calyx
morning sun till about 9 o'clock, according to the intense heat tapering. Ovary stipitate. Petals white, under surface cine-
of its rays; the same in the evening, with as much open expo- reous, with purple margins. Filaments united at the base.
sure to the air at all times, as may be allowed without injury to Monadelphous Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Pl. 1 ft.
the bloom. In winter Hogg preserves them in frames, in the 57 D. BURCHE'LLII (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 359.)
same manner as he recommends for auriculas. When he has
stem branched; flowers solitary; calycine scales 4, ovate-lan-
more plants than he can blow in pots, he plants them in beds ceolate, very short, somewhat mucronate; petals deeply serrated?
of the same compost used for the others, protecting them from leaves linear, awl-shaped, striated; lower ones very numerous
severe frosts and heavy rains, and in other respects treating and very long, those of the stems and branches are very short,
them in the same manner as if in pots.—Hogg's Treatise. and scale-formed. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Criterion of a fine double Carnation.—The stem should be Burch. cat. pl. afr. aust. no. 2456. Flowers white.
strong, tall, and straight; not less than 30 inches or more than Burchell's Pink. Pl.1 to 2 feet.
45 inches high ; the footstalks supporting the flowers should be 58 D. EMARGINA'TUS (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 359.)
strong, elastic, and of a proportionate length. The flower stems tufted ? 1 or 2-flowered ; calycine scales very blunt and
should be at least 3 inches in diameter, consisting of a great very broad ; calyx short, striated, with bluntish lobes; petals
.
number of large, well-formed petals, but neither so many as to emarginate, small, inside white, outside purple ; lower leaves
give it too full and crowded an appearance, nor so few as to numerous, linear, flat, serrated. 2. H. Native about Asty-
make it appear thin and empty. The petals should be long, palea.
broad, and substantial, particularly those of the lower or outer Emarginate-petalled Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. to foot.
1 / 2
circle, commonly called the guard leaves, these should rise per- 59 D. LIBOSCHITZIA`NUS (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p.
pendicular about half an inch above the calyx, and then turn 360.) stem generally 1-2-flowered, glabrous; calycine scales 4,
off gracefully in an horizontal direction, supporting the interior ovate, acuminate, a little shorter than the tube ; leaves straight,
petals, and altogether forming a convex and nearly hemisphe- awl-shaped, with scabrous margins. 4. H. Native on rocks
rical corolla. The interior petals should rather decrease in in Armenia and Iberia. D. petræ'us, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 328.
size as they approach the centre of the flower, which should be suppl. p. 300, but not of Waldst. and Kit. D. bracteatus, herb.
well filled with them. The petals should be regularly disposed' Willd. ex Steven. There is a variety having the calycine scales
alike on every side, imbricating each other in such a manner as almost one-half shorter than the tube. Flowers rose-coloured,
that both their respective and united beauties may captivate the beardless, about the size of the clove,
eye at the same instant; they should be nearly flat, however, a Liboschitz's Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. foot.
small degree of concavity or inflection at the broad end is 60 D. SYLVAʼricus (Hoppe, in Willd. enum. 467.) stem pa-
allowable, but their edges should be perfectly entire, that is to nicled ? flowers solitary or somewhat corymbose ; calycine scales
say, free from fringe or indenture. The calyx should be at ovate-lanceolate. shorter than the tube ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
;
least one inch in length, terminating in broad points sufficiently obsoletely 3-nerved, glabroùs ; petals doubly toothed.
2.H.
strong to hold the narrow bases of the petals, in a close and Native at Ratisbon. Flowers red?
circular body. . Whatever colours the flowers may be possessed Wood Pink. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1815. Pl. 1 foot.
of, they should be perfectly distinct, and disposed in long, 61 D. CINNAMÒMEUS (Sibth, and Smith, Al. græc. t. 400.
regular stripes, broadest at the edge of the lamina, and gradually prod. 1. p. 287.) stem 'panicled or simple, branches 1-flowered
becoming narrower as they approach the unguis or base of the calycine scales 4, rhomboid, very blunt and very short ; petals
petal, there terminating in a fine point. Each petal should have emarginate, toothed ; leaves lax, bluntish. 2. H. Native on
a due proportion of white; i. e. one half or nearly so, which heaths in Laconia, Asia Minor, Cyprus, and about Constanti-
should be perfectly clear and free from spots.
nople. Petals beardless, white or flesh-coloured above, but of
Clove Pink, Carnation, and Picotee. Fl. June, Aug. England. a red or dark cinnamon colour beneath.
Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
Cinnamon-coloured Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
53 D. SYLVE'STRIS (Jacq. coll. 1. p. 237. icon. rar. t. 82.) 62 D. POMERIDIA'NUS (Lin. spec. 1673.) stem branched ;
stem branched or simple ; flowers solitary; calycine scales 4, flowers solitary; calycine scales ovate, acute, very short ;
very short, ovate, ones acute, inner ones bluntish; petals emarginate or entire. 4. H. Native of Palestine,
petals very broad, beardless, toothed ; leaves crowded, awl- Smith, in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 300. Sal. par.
lond. 57. D.
shaped, stiff. 4. H. Native on the Alps of Jura on rocks trícolor, Adam. Fisch. Petals pale yellow, with revolute sides,
and among stones. D. virgineus, Sims. bot. mag. t. 1740. but lead-coloured on the under surface. The flowers of this plant,
not of Lin. Perhaps this plant is the type of D. caryophyllus. as well as the following, opens at mid-day and closes about 10
Stem bearing one or many flowers. Flowers deep red, scent- at night.
less.
Afternoon-flowering Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1804. Pl.
Wild Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1732. Pl. 4 to 1 foot.
1 foot.
54 D. LONGICAU'LIS (Tenore, cat. 1819. p. 76.) stem panicled, 63 D. LEPTOPEʻTALUS (Willd. enum. 468.) stem branched ;
many-flowered, tufted; flowers solitary ; calycine scales ovate, flowers solitary; calycine scales 4, ovate, acute, very short, a
all emarginate, cuspidate; leaves linear-lanceolate, thickish, little awned, 2 outer ones very small; petals lanceolate, narrow,
glaucous. 4. H. Native near Naples. Flowers red?
with entire revolute sides, sometimes a little 3-toothed ; leaves
Long-stemmed Pink. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. awl-shaped, roughish. 4.H. Native of Caucasus. Sims, bot.
55 D. GRANDIFLORUS (Poir. dict. 4. p. 514.) stem? flowers mag. t. 1739. D. pomeridiànus, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 329. but not
somewhat aggregate ; bracteas ovate, acute, one-half shorter of Lin. D. cretaceus, Adam. Petals white on the upper sur-
;
outer

392
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. III. DIANTHUS.
a
a
face, but lead-coloured on the under surface, sometimes entire stems tufted, very short, 1-flowered ; leaves and calycine scales
and acutish. Perhaps a variety of D. pomeridiànus.
short. 4. H.
Native of Mount Ventoso on rocks. D.
Slender-petalled Pink. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1814. Pl. 1 ft. subacaulis, Vill. delph. 3. p. 597. Lois. not p. 66. t. 6. f. 1.
p.
64 D. PU'NGENS (Lin. mant. p. 240.) stem few-flowered ; Virgin Pink. Fl. June, Aug.
Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. I to 1 foot,
.
.
flowers solitary; calycine scales very short, mucronate, spread-
71 D.CILIATUS (Guss. pl. rar. p. 168. t. 33.) stem erect, a
ing; tube of calyx gibbous ; petals entire ; leaves tufted, awl- little branched at the top; leaves nerveless, with ciliately-serru-
shaped. 4. H. Native of Spain by the sea-coast. Flowers lated margins; flowers solitary; peduncles bifid; calycine scales
pink or white.
6, pressed, acuminately-awned, about one half shorter than the
Var. B, Hispánicus (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 360.) calyx; petals smooth, obovate, entire, or obsoletely-toothed.
calycine scales ovate; petals linear, very entire. Asso, syn. 4. H. Native on arid chalky hills at the bottoms of the moun-
no. 371. t. 3. Dufour, ann. gen. 7. p. 309. Flowers pink. tains in South Abruzzo. Plant hardly glaucous. Stem rather
Pungent-leaved Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1781. Pl. } to pubescent. Flowers of a reddish-blue colour. This plant comes
1 foot.
near to D. Hornemánni, D. C. but differs from it in the leaves
65 D. DIVARICA'TUS (D'Urv, enum. pl. archip. p. 46.) stem being nerveless, and in the petals being entire or obsoletely
branched, divaricating; branches very long, straight, 1-flowered; toothed, not deeply toothed.
calycine scales 4, ovate-lanceolate, very acute, with membra- Ciliated-leaved Pink. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
naceous margins, almost equalling in length the calyx; calyx coni- 72 D. DELTOÌDES (Lin. spec. 588.) stems ascending, branched;
cal, striated, with the stripes granularly-dotted ; petals acutely- flowers solitary ;
flowers solitary; calycine scales ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4, but
toothed ; leaves very narrow, flaccid. 3. H. Native of the generally twin; upper leaves narrow, acute, pubescent; lower ones
island of Samo. Flowers pale purple, but green on the out- oblong, obtuse. 2. H. Native on sandy banks and in woods
side.
in many parts of Europe. In Britain in pastures and the grassy
Divaricate-branched Pink. Fl. July, August. Clt. 1822. borders of fields on a gravelly or sandy soil and on banks.
Pl. Į to 1 foot.
Smith, engl. bot. 61. D. supinus. Lam. fl. fr. 2. p. 534. D. pyre-
66 D. BICOLOR (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 329.) stem panicled, naicus, Pourr. act. toul. 3. p. 318. D, volgensis, hort. erf. ex.
flowers solitary; calycine scales 4, very short, almost orbicular, herb. Balb. D. hyssopifolius, Hort.–Dill. elth. 400. t. 298.
mucronulated; petals dilated ; leaves awl-shaped, lower ones f. 384. Flowers rose-coloured, with a dark circle.
tomentose. 4. H. Native of Tauria in arid fields. D.
D. sax - Var. B, glaúcus (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 361.) flowers
átilis, Pall. ined. taur. Stature and size of flowers like those white with a dark circle; leaves and stems rather glaucous. D.
of D. caryophyllus Petals white above and lead-coloured glaúcus, Lin. spec. 588.
588. Native of King's Park, Edinburgh.
beneath. Calycine scales truncate, mucronate.
Deltoid-leaved or Maiden Pink. Fl. July, Oct. Britain.
Var. B, minor (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 361.) leaves Pl. į to å foot.
shorter ; flowers smaller ; calyx shorter and more turgid at the 73 D. PA’LLENS (Sibth. et Smith, fl. græc. t. 399.) stem pa-
base. 4. H. Native of the south of Tauria in stony places. nicled, many-flowered ; branches 1-2-flowered at the apex and
Two-coloured-flowered Pink. Fl. June, July. Cít. 1816. rising from the axils of the leaves; calycine scales 4, ovate, acu-
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
minated, very short; leaves lax, acute. 4. H. Native of Asia
67 D. INTEGER (Vis. in bot. Zeit. 1828.) smooth; stem Minor near Smyrna. Petals beardless, bifid, white above but
prostrate, diffuse; branches ascending, 1-flowered; leaves linear, brownish-green beneath.
flat, with scabrous margins ; calycine scales 4, broad-ovate, un- Pale-flowered Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
equally awned; petals obovate, entire, beardless, short. 4. H. 74 D. NASARÆ'us (Clark, itin. vol. 3. ex Spreng, neue, entd.
Native of Dalmatia. Flowers small, white. Calyx dark-purple ; 3. p. 161.) flowers solitary; stems somewbat branched ; calycine
stems decumbent, and nearly creeping.
scales one-half shorter than the. tube, ovate, acute, pressed to
Entire-petalled Pink. FI. July. Pl. decumbent.
the calyx; petals 6-toothed ; leaves elongated, linear, awl-
68 D. RACEMÒSUs (Vis. l. c.) smooth, root woody; stem shaped, 3-nerved, with scabrous margins. 2. H. Native of
erect, simple ; leaves linear, stiff, acute, channelled with sca- Palestine.
brous margins; flowers solitary or in fascicles, loosely race- Nazare Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 foot. .
mose, secund, lower ones stalked, upper ones sessile; ca- 75 D. MARGINA'TUS (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 131.) stem branched ;
lycine scales in a triple series, imbricate, lanceolate, acuminated, flowers solitary; calycine scales acute, unequal, shorter than
nerved, with scarious margins ; petals obovate, beardless, en- calyx; leaves linear, marginated. 4. H. Native on Mount
tire. 24. H. Native of Dalmatia. Flowers rose-coloured, Jura. Very near D. nítidus. Scales of calyx marginated.
hardly sweet-scented.
Flowers white.
Racemose-flowered Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
Marginated-leaved Pink. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. į to ft.
69 D. FURCA'TUS (Balb. act. acad. taur. 7. p. 12. f. 2. but not 76 Ď, CRENA'TUS (Thunb. prod. 81.) stem branched ; flowers
of Horn.) stem smooth, dichotomously-branched, 2-4-flowered; solitary ; calycine scales 6, lanceolate, cuspidate, pressed to the
:)
flowers solitary; peduncles distant from each other ; calycine calyx; petals glabrous, obovate, fringed ; claws of petals longer
, , ;
scales opposite, generally twin, much shorter than the tube. than calyx ; leaves linear-acuminated, channelled.
21. G. Na-
4. H. Native of Piedmont near Tenda. D. geminiflòrus, tive of the Cape of Good Hope.
ope. Ker. bot. reg. 256. Flowers
Lois. fl. gall. p. 725? Flowers flesh-coloured.
white. Calyx long-tubular.
Forked-stemmed Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 2 to 1 Crenated-petalled Pink. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 to 3 ft.
foot.
77 D. STERNBE'RGII (Sibth. ex cat. hort. taur. 1821. p. 24.)
70 D. VIRGÍNEUS (Lin. spec. 590.) stem generally 1 or few- stems generally 2-flowered ; calycine scales 4, ovate, acute,
flowered ; calycine scales very short and very blunt, twin, pressed, one-half shorter than the tube ; petals wedge-shaped,
distant; petals crenated ; leaves tufted, linear, stiff, serrulated. serrated, pubescent; leaves linear. 4. H. Flowers red.
4. H. Native about Montpelier. D. rupestris, Lin. fil. suppl. Sternberg's Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Pl. 1 foot.
p. 240. D. pungens, Poir. dict. 4. p. 526.—Dill. elth. 401. 78 D. BIFLÒRUS (Smith, fl. græc. t. 393.) flowers in pairs ;
p.
298. t. 385? Flowers red or blood-coloured.
calycine scales 4, cuneated, very obtuse, awned, spreading, shorter
Var. B, subacaúlis (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 361.) than the calyx; leaves linear, 3-nerved.
4
3
Native on
2. H.

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. III. DIANTHUS.
393
a
4
Mount Delphi Euboea. Flowers rose-coloured above and rather Chedder rocks, Somersetshire. D. pulchéllus, Pers. ench. 1. p.
hairy, but smooth and cream-coloured beneath.
495. D. cæspitòsus, Lam. dict. 4. p. 525. D. glaúcus, Huds.
Two-flowered Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Pl. foot.
-
ang. p. 185.-Dill. elth. p. 401. t. 298. f. 385. and referable to
79 Ď. IBE'RICUS (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 24.) stem smooth ; D. nitidus, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 131 ? Plant very glaucous. Flowers
leaves roughish ; calycine scales spreading, with lanceolate of a delicate rose-colour, very fragrant.
points; petals pubescent. 4. H. Native of Iberia. D.
There are evidently two or three species in the gardens under
Willdenovii, Link. enum. 1. p. 420. Stem few-flowered. Brac- the name of D. cæ'sius, the most common is with simple serrate
teas spreading, a little shorter than the calyx. Flowers purple.
Flowers purple. petals, but the British plant has them doubly crenate.
Iberian Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. į foot.
I 1 2
Grey Chedder or Mountain Pink. Fl. June, July. England.
80 D. TRIPUNCTA'TUS (Sibth. and Smith. fl. græc. t. 398. Pl. to į foot.
prod. 1. p. 286.) stem spreading, many-flowered ; flowers soli- 88 D. ALPÌNUS (Lin. spec. 590.) stem leafy, 1-flowered ; outer
tary ; calycine scales scarious, finely awned, a little shorter than
calycine scales 2, about equal in length or shorter than the
the tube. 2. H. Native of the island of Cyprus. Flowers tube ; petals crenated; leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, green.
rose-coloured, palest beneath, with 3 dark short lines at the 4. H. Native of Styria and Austria. Sims, bot. mag. 1205.
base of each petal.
Jacq. fl. austr. t. 52. D. glaciàlis var. y, latifolius, D. Č. prod.
Three-spotted-petalled Pink. Fl. July. Pl. 1 foot.
1. p. 362.-Clus. hist. 1. p. 283. f. 1. Flowers large, red, or
81 D. HornemaʼNNI (Ser. mss. D. Č. prod. 1. p. 262.) pe- rose-coloured, pale beneath, scentless.
duncles bifid, terminal ; calycine scales lanceolate-cuspidate, Alpine Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Pl. I foot.
erect, shorter than the tube ; petals cut ; leaves linear, nerved, 89 D. GLACIA'LIS (Hænk. in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 84.) stems
with serrulated, scabrous margins. 4. H. Native of Italy and erect, tufted, short, generally 1-flowered ; calycine scales 2, elon-
at Trieste. D. furcatus, Horn. hafn. suppl. p. 47. but not of gated, equal in length with the tube or exceeding it; calyx
Balb. Flowers red.
striated; petals serrated ; leaves linear, acute, serrulated, green.
Hornemann's Pink. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. į to 1 ft. 2. H. Native of the mountains of Provence and Dauphiny.
82 D. RIGIDUS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 325. suppl. p. 298.) stems D. alpinus, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 746. var. 8, Willd. D: neglectus,
tufted, suffruticose, few-flowered ; flowers solitary; calycine Lois. not. 65? Flowers small, purple, scentless.
scales 4, ovate, acute, short; leaves awl-shaped, spreading, covered Var. B, acaúlis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 362.) stem very short.
with rough pubescence. 4. H.
2. H. Native of Tauria on sandy Native of mount Cenis.
hills near Sarepta. Stem woody, distorted. Flowers pale rose- Icy Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
coloured.
90 D. RE'PENS (Willd. spec. 2. p. 681.) stems procumbent at
Rigid Pink. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1802. Pl. i to 1 foot. the base, but erect at the top, 1-flowered; calycine scales twin,
ovate, acuminated, spreading nearly the length of the tube ;
** Stem 1-flowered. Petals toothed or crenate.
petals toothed, bearded ; root perpendicular. 4. H. Native of
83 D. SERRATIFÒLIUS (Sibth. and Smith. fl. græc. t. 402. Siberia and Eschscholtz Bay. Like D. glaciālis, Hænke, but
prod. 1. p. 287.) stems 1-flowered, woody at the base; caly- the habit is more loose, and the leaves less fleshy.
cine scales 4 ; petals deeply toothed, heardless ; leaves serrated, Creeping Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Pl. į foot.
pungent. 2. H. Native on Mount Hymettus near Athens. 91 D. E'LEGANS (D. Urv. enum. pl. arch. p. 46. no. 875.)
Flowers small, flesh-coloured above and ash-coloured beneath. stem erect, straight, 1-flowered ; calycine scales ovate, mucro-
Saw-leaved Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. i foot.
nate, equal in length to the middle of the tube ; calyx striated,
84 D. CLAVA'TUS (Spreng. neue. entd. 2. p. 169.) stem 1- with blunt rather membranaceous lobes ; petals toothed ; leaves
flowered ; calycine scales twin, ovate, rather acute, very short, linear acute, very long, striated, and very entire. 4. H. Na-
spreading ; calyx narrowed in the middle; petals crenated,
;
tive of the island of Cos. Flowers white ?
naked ; leaves linear, channelled, with roughish margins. 4. H. Elegant Pink. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Pl. { foot.
1
I .
Native ? Perhaps D. cæ'sius. (Spreng.) Perhaps D. plumà- 92 D. MULTIPUNCTA'Tus (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p.
rius (Ser.). Flowers flesh-coloured ?
362.) stems erect, straight, generally 1-flowered, elongated;
Clavate-calyxed Pink. Fl. June, Oct. Clt.? Pl. 1 foot. calycine scales ovate, with long points and membranaceous mar-
85 D. GRACILIS (Sibth. and Smith, fl. græc. t. 404.) stem gins, equal in length to the tube ; calyx punctately warted, with
1-flowered ; calycine scales generally 6, mucronate ; petals cre- nerved segments; petals spotted, bearded, 3-5-toothed; leaves
nated, bearded ; leaves acuminated, with scabrous margins. linear, acute, entire, very long. 4. H. Native of the island
4. H. Native of Mount Athos in Greece. Flowers rose-co- of Cos by road sides.
loured.
Many-dotted-petalled Pink. Fl. June, July. Pl. Je to 1 foot.
Slender Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 1 to 11 foot.
93 D. PU'MILUS (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 32.) tufted : scape short,
86 D. MICROPE'TALUS (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 359.) 1-flowered ; leaves linear, acute, smooth ; calycine scales 6,
stems tufted, 1-flowered; calycine scales 4, ovate-lanceolate, oblong, 'acuminated, outer ones shortest. 2. H. Native of
mucronulate, one-half shorter than the striated calyx; teeth of Arabia Felix. D. uniflorus, Forsk. cat. pl. arab. p. 111.
calyx ciliated ; petals very short, toothed ; radical leaves small, no. 284. Calyx glabrous, striated. Flowers rose-coloured ?
awl-shaped, ciliary toothed, cauline ones scale-formed.
Dwarf Pink. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot.
Native of South Africa. Leaves like those of Plantàgo subu- 94 D. LEUCOPHÆ'us (Sibth. and Smith, fl. græc. t. 405.)
làta. Calyx like that of D. caryophyllus. Burch, cat, pl. afr. stem 1-flowered; calycine scales 4 ; petals tridentate, beard-
aust. no. 1851. Flowers pale red or white.
less : leaves ovate-lanceolate, 5-nerved at the base. 4. H.
Small-petalled Pink. Pl. J foot.
Native on the summit of Mount Olympus, in Bithynia. Flowers
87 D. cæ'sius (Smith in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 302. engl. bot. t.
t white above and rusty beneath. A small tufted plant, woody at
62.) stem tufted, generally 1-flowered ; calycine scales 4, round- the neck. Calycine scales mucronate, shorter than the tube.
ish, short ; petals crenated, pubescent; leaves short, with sca-
;
White-brown Pink. Fl. June, July. Pl. foot.
brous margins. 4. H. Native of Jura, and several other 95 D. PURPU'REUS (Lam, dict. 4. p. 523. ill. t. 376. f. 2.)
parts of Europe on rocky mountains. In England on dry lime- stem generally 1-flowered ; calycine scales broad, acute, one-
stone rocks, but rare, particularly on the abrupt precipices of
precipices of half shorter than the tube; petals almost entire ; leaves linear,
3 E
4. G.
VOL. I. - PART V.

394
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. III. DIANTHUS.
p.
488.
*
acute, glaucous, rather ciliated. 2. H. Native ? Calyx ample, Native of Hungary. D. arenàrius, Towns, itin. hung. 3.
short. Flowers purple.
t. 16. D. plumàrius P, Wahl. fl. carp. p. 126. Flowers pur-
Purple-flowered Pink. Fl. June, July. Pl. foot.
plish or white.
96 D. STRI'CTUS (Smith, A. græc. t. 403.) stem 1-flowered ; Late-flowering Pink. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1804. Pl. 3 to 1 ft.
calycine scales 4, short; petals crenate, beardless ; leaves flat, 106 D. SPRENGE'LII ; stem 1-flowered.; calycine scales ovate,
bluntish, with scabrous margins. 4. H. Native of Mount cuspidate, 3 times shorter than the tube of the calyx; petals
Athos. Flowers small, white, rather flesh-coloured in the disk. fringed, somewhat bearded ; leaves linear, smooth. 4. H. Na-
Straight-stemmed Pink. Fl. June, July. Pl. į to 1 foot. tive of the south of Germany. D. alpestris, Sternb. ex Spreng.
97 D. SCA'BER (Thunb. prod. p. 81. but not of Schleich.) syst. 2. p. 381. Flowers white.
stem 1-flowered, pubescent ; calycine scales 4, lanceolate, Alp Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. Pl. | foot.
shorter than the tube; petals entire or crenate ; leaves trique- 107 D. PETRÆ'us (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. t. 222.) stem
trous, villous, serrulated ? 2. G. Native of the Cape of Good usually l-flowered ; calycine scales obovate, mucronate; petals
Hope. Flowers white or pinkish.
beardless, multifid ; leaves awl-shaped, entire, glabrous, nerved.
Scabrous Pink. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
1 / 2
4. H. Native of Hungary. Flowers white, usually with a
98 D. CÆSPITÒSUs (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 81.) stems 1-flowered ;
p
dark circle.
calycine scales 4, lanceolate ; petals entire ; leaves triquetrous. Var. B; flowers larger ; petals deflexed. 4. H. D. pe-
4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
træ'us, Sims, bot. mag. 1204. Flowers whitish.
Tufted Pink. Fl. June, July. Pl. I to foot.
1 į .
Rock Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1804. Pl. foot.
§ 2. Petals fringed, or very deeply fringe-toothed.
108 D. ARENA'RIUS (Lin. spec. 589.) stems generally 1-
flowered ; calycine scales ovate, obtuse; petals multifid ; leaves
Stem simple, 1-flowered.
linear. 4.8. Native of the colder parts of Europe in sandy
99 D. Ga'llicus (Pers. ench. 1. p. 495.) stems ascending, places. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2038.
GA'llICUS
places. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2038. Petals divided beyond the
generally 1-flowered: calycine scales short, ovate, somewhat middle of the disk into very narrow lobes, furnished with a
mucronate; petals dentately-multifid ; leaves linear, somewhat livid spot and pressed purple hairs at the base of each, the rest
ciliated. 4. H. Native of the south of France in sandy places. white. Perhaps a variety of D. plumàrius.
D. arenàrius, D. C. syn. no. 4325. icon. Gall. rar. p. 14. t. 41. Sand Pink. Fl. May, July. Clt.? Pl. foot.
a
but not of Lin. Flowers white, livid at the base.
109 D. CRINITUS (Smith in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 300. fl.
French Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? Pl. } foot.
græc. 401.) stem 1-flowered; calycine scales 4, oval, mucro-
100 D. SUA'vis (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 24. Spreng. neue nate, somewhat diverging, three times shorter than the tube ;
entd. 2. p. 168.) stem generally 1-flowered; calycine scales 4, petals multifid, beardless. 4. H. Native of the Levant. Willd.
acute, short; petals bearded, doubly and deeply serrated ; leaves spec. 2. p. 678. Petals white, divided into capillary segments.
linear, spreading, glaucous. 4. H. Native of ? Flowers pink,
.
A spreading plant.
sweet-scented. Dianthus cæsius, Smith in Lin. trans. vol. 2.? Hair-petalled Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. { foot.
Sweet Pink. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot.
110 D.ARRO'STII (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. p. 179.) stems tufted,
101 D. TE'NER (Balb. act. acad. taur. 7. p. 13. t. 3.) stem 1- usually 1-flowered ; calycine scales 4, emarginate, mucronate,
flowered; petals fringed, glabrous ; calycine scales 4, lanceo- 4 times shorter than the tube of the calyx; petals fringe-tooth-
late-linear, a little shorter than the tube. 4. H. Native of ed, beardless; leaves linear, channelled, glaucescent, stiff, serru-
Tenda, on the margins of fields. Flowers red.
lated. 4. H. Native of Sicily.
Tender Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 to į foot. Arrost's Pink. Fl. June, July. Pl. foot.
1 / 2
102 D. SQUARRÒSUS (Bieb. A. taur. 1. p. 331. suppl. p. 302.
cent. 1. t. 33.) stems generally 1-flowered ; calycine scales ** Stems branched. Flowers solitary, aggregate, or panicled.
ovate, acute, very short; petals multifid; leaves awl-shaped,
channelled, stiff, short, recurved. 4. H. Native of Tauria on 111 D. SUAVE'OLENS (Spreng. nov. prov. 16.) stem erect,
hills in the colony of Sarepta. D. arenàrius, Pall. itin. 3. p. smooth; flowers somewhat corymbose; calycine scales ovate-
600. Flowers like those of D. plumàrius, but the calyx is lanceolate, acute, adpressed, shorter than the calyx; petals
longer. Petals white, finely jagged.
multifid, bearded, spotted ; leaves linear-lanceolate, glaucous,
Squarrose Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. I foot. nerveless, with scabrous margins. 4. H. Native ? Received
103 D. MussìNI (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 408.) stems gene- under the name of D. Chinensis. Flowers white, spotted with
rally 1-flowered, procumbent ; calycine scales oval, mucronate, purple ?
thrice shorter than the tube ; petals multifid, beardless ; leaves
Sweet-scented Pink. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 to ft.
awl-shaped, reflexed. 4. H. Native of Caucasus. Flowers 112 D. Siculus (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. p. 179.) stem tufted,
white.
few-flowered; calycine scales about 6, obovate, mucronate, 3
Mussin-Puskin's Pink. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. Į ft. times shorter than the tube of the calyx ; petals fringe-toothed ;
104 D. FRA'GRANS (Bieb. fl. taur. I. p. 331. suppl
. p. 301.) leaves linear, channelled, ciliately-scabrous, glaucous. 4. H.
stems generally 1-flowered; calycine scales 6, ovate-lanceolate, Native of Sicily Flowers pale red.
.
acuminated, shorter than the tube ; petals semi-multifid, beard- Sicilian Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1828. Pl. foot.
less ; leaves awl-shaped, with roughish margins. 4. H. Native 113 D. A'LBENS (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 90. ed. 2.
of subalpine situations in Caucasus. Sims, bot. mag. 2067 ? vol. 3. p. 8.) stems branched; flowers solitary ; calycine scales
D. multifidus, Willd. herb. ex Steven. in litt. Leaves long, very 4, lanceolate, short; petals emarginate. 4. G. Native of the
narrow. Calyx long. Petals white, suffused with purple. Cape of Good Hope. Differing from D. deltoàdes, in the petals
Segments of calyx narrow, acute.
being hardly crenated, and destitute of the purple circle. Leaves
Fragrant Pink. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1804. Pl. I to foot. very narrow, striated, and serrulated. Calyx very long. Petals
105 D. SERÓTINUS (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 188. t. 172.) ovate, dentately fringed at the apex, white. Perhaps D. crenà-
stems generally 1-flowered; calycine scales 6, somewhat ovate, tus, Thunb. no. 76. and D. Burchéllii, Ser. no. 57.
bluntish, four times shorter than the calyx; petals multifid, Whitish Pink. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1787. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
almost naked; leaves awl-shaped, glaucous, ciliated.
114 D. SERRULA'TUS (Desf. fl. atl. 1. p. 346.) stem erect,
4. H.
.
1

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. III. DIANTHUS.
395
few-flowered ; leaves linear-lanceolate, serrulated; peduncles 1. equal to that of the white, that it
equal to that of the white, that it may neither appear too large
flowered ; outer calycine scales imbricated, ovate, acute, shorter nor too small." Maddock.
than the inner ones and calyx; petals fringed. 4. H. Native Propagation. Pinks are ordinarily increased by pipings or
of Tunis in sand. Corolla pale rose-coloured, one-half smaller cuttings, sometimes by layers to preserve rare sorts, and by seed
than those of D. plumàrius. (Desf.)
for new varieties. The time to commence putting in pipings is
Serrulated-leaved Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
previous to or during the time of flowering, or as soon as the
115 D. PLUMA`rius (Lin. spec. 589. hort. ups. 105. no. 4.) barren shoots are grown of a sufficient length for that
purpose.
glaucous ; stem 2-3-flowered ; teeth of calyx obtuse ; calycine Hogg commences about the 21st of June. The operation is
-
scales somewhat ovate, very short, mucronulate, close pressed ; the same as for pipings of carnations, only some do not apply
petals jagged, multifid, bearded, leaves linear, with scabrous bottom heat. This last, however, is the more certain mode, and
margins. 4. H. Native of Europe ? D. dubius, Horn. hort.
the pipings are ready to remove sooner, and generally in a fort-
hafn. 1. p. 408? D. moschàtus, hort. Par.
.
D. plumàrius is the night or three weeks. For seed proceed as directed for carnations.
type of the common garden Pink. In France it is called Mig- Soil. Maddock says, A good fresh loamy soil dug 2 feet
nardise. The flowers are either double or single, white, purple, deep, and manured with a stratum of cow-dung, 2 years old,
spotted or variegated, and more or less fringed on the margins, mixed with an equal proportion of earth ; this stratum to be
sweet-scented.
about 6 inches thick, and placed 5 or 6 inches below the sur-,
Var. B, hortensis (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 363.) face, is all the preparation that appears necessary for this flower.
petals bearded in the throat. D. hortensis, Schrad. ex Willd. General culture. As soon as the pipings are struck, they are
enum. p. 469.
to be removed and planted on a bed of common garden mould,
Var. y, Porténsis (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 363.) and after a few weeks the strongest of them should be removed
leaves smaller ; petals hardly fringed. D. Porténsis, Libosch. into the blooming bed. This bed should be raised 3 or 4 inches
ex herb. Balb.
above the paths. The plants intended for the principal bed for
From D. plumàrius spring all the varieties of the common bloom should be planted upon it in August, or early in Sep-
- garden pink. As a florist flower the Pink is of much less tember, as they do not blow quite so well if removed later in
antiquity than the Carnation ; it is scarcely mentioned by the season ; they should be planted at about the distance of 9
Gerarde, and Parkinson gives very few varieties. It was chiefly inches from each other, and the bed should be laid rather convex
grown as a border flower till within the last 50 years, since which or rounding, to throw off excess of rain, but will require no
it has been greatly improved, and many fine varieties originated. other covering than a very slight one, in case of severe frost.
Being one of the hardiest and least expensive of fine flowers, it The surface of the bed should be stirred up a little as it inclines to
is much cultivated by operative mechanics and manufacturers bind or become firm. There should never be more than 10 or 12
round large towns, and no where to such an extent as at Paisley flowers allowed to bloom on the same plant, the lateral smaller
by the weavers there. The varieties most cultivated are chiefly buds should be pulled off a month or 6 weeks before blooming,
those called Pheasants'-eyes. Cob Pinks are a large sort taking care always to leave the leading bud which terminates
seemingly intermediate between pinks and picotee carnations ; the shoot; by this means the flowers will be much larger than
red early pinks are smaller plants than Cobs or Pheasants'-eyes, they otherwise would be.
’ they otherwise would be. Strong healthy plants, consisting
and seem to have sprung from Cobs and D. armèria, or D. del- of a leading stem in the centre, with but little surrounding in-
toides. The Paisley growers reckon above 300 hundred varieties crease, are the best to select for the best bed, these will seldom
of the Pheasants'-eyes. Parkinson in 1629 only mentions 6 or put up more than 1 or 2 stems, which will, however, be very
8 sorts. Ray in 1704 says there are many sorts, but of little strong, grow tall, and produce 3 or 4 flowers, as large and fine
esteem. Hogg in 1820 gives a list of 100 names, containing the as the kind is capable of.
best sorts in England. Davey, who has raised numerous fine Those buds which become much swelled nearly at the time of
varieties, enumerates double that number. The culture and flowering, and appear in danger of bursting, should be tied
up
in
propagation of the Pink is the same as that of the Carnation, the same manner directed for carnations. It is
excepting that it is less frequently kept in pots or frames, but to have a long calyx, for it is hardly possible to prevent those
planted in beds of fresh loamy soil, or into the flower border, with short calyxes from bursting. But in this case it is much
and the small side shoots reduced in the autumn, in order to better to assist nature by making an incision at each tooth of the
throw more strength into those intended to produce flowers the calyx, as far down as may be thought necessary, in order to let
following season.
the petals regularly out on every side, and preserve the circular
Criterion of a fine double Pink.
6 The stem should be strong form of the blossoms; for if left to nature, the calyx will burst
and erect, and not less than 12 inches high. The calyx smaller on one side only, and produce a loose irregular unsightly flower.
and shorter than that of the carnation, but nearly similar in pro- When the flower-stems are grown sufficiently long they should
portion, as well as in the formation of the flower, which should be supported with small sticks, but these ought to be tied in
not be less than 2 inches and a half in diameter. The petals such a manner as to keep the blossoms distinct from each other,
should be large, broad, and substantial, and have very fine that the whole may have an easy graceful appearance. Those
fringed or serrated edges, free from deep notches or indentures; who can bestow sufficient time and attention to the bloom of
in short, they approach nearest to perfection when the fringe or pinks, may contribute greatly to their effect by placing circular
the edge is so fine as scarcely to be discernible, but if they cards in the manner directed for carnations, but as these cards
could be obtained entire it would be a very desirable object. The are apt to warp from heat and wet, it is necessary to replace them
broadest part of the lamina or broad end of the petals, should from time to time: however, some sorts do not require any
be perfectly white and distinct from the eye, unless it be a laced assistance of this kind, particularly if their guard petals are suffi-
pink, that is, ornamented with a continuation of the colour of ciently strong to support the rest. At the time of bloom, which
the eye round it, bold, clean, and distinct, having a considerable is about the end of June, it is proper to defend the bed by an
proportion of white in the centre, perfectly free from tinge or awning or covering : they, however, should always enjoy the
spot. The eye should consist of a bright or dark rich crimson advantage of light and air, and the soil should be kept regularly
or purple, resembling velvet, but the nearer it approaches to moist by soft water administered between the plants, carefully
black, the more it is esteemed ; its proportion should be about avoiding to wet the blossoms. Maddock, Florist Direct.
p.
220,
very desirable
a
a
3 E 2

396
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. III. DIANTHUS. IV. SAPONARIA.
a
t
4
Hogg says that those which are removed or transplanted in Caryophyllus sylvéstris vi. Clus. hist. 1. p. 284. Flowers rose-
the spring never do well, nor shew half the beauty which those coloured, very fragrant, particularly at night.
do that were planted in August or September; the laced pinks Var. ß, rubicúndus (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 365.)
in particular appear almost plain, and without their distinguish- petals purple.
ing character. Pinks should never be suffered to remain more Superb Pink. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1596. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
than 2 years without either change of soil or situation.
123 D. FISCHE'RI (Spreng. cat. sem. hort. hall. 1810. pl.
Emmerton (Treatise on Auricula, p. 191.) says, your pink- min. cogn. 2. p. 62.) stem panicled, many-flowered ; flowers
beds should be top dressed in the spring if you have a desire somewhat aggregate; calycine scales ovate, pointed, erect, one-
to excel in blooms, with some old night-soil or sugar-
-bakers' half shorter than the tube; petals multifid, almost beardless ;
scum, finely sifted and sown over them. Your strong blowing leaves lanceolate, serrulated. 4. H. Native near Moscow.
plants should not be allowed to bloom more than 8 or 10 blos- Sweet, fl. gard. 245. Petals rose-coloured.
soms, and those that are weaker, of a less size, not more than 4. Fischer's Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
Common Garden or Feathered Pink, Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 124 D. LIBANO'TIS (Labill. pl. syr. 1. p. 14. t. 5.) stem erect;
1629. Pl. i to 1 foot.
flowers rather aggregate; calycine scales 6, acuminated, divari-
116 D. SAXATILIS (Pers. ench. 1. p. 494.) tufted, somewhat cating, shorter than the tube; petals multifid, bearded ; leaves
decumbent; stem 2-3-flowered; calycine scales ovate, distinct, lanceolate. 2. H. Native of Mount Lebanon. Flowers rose-
with longish points, shorter than the tube ; petals multifid. coloured.
4. H. Native of France on rocks near Clermont. Leaves Rosemary Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
not glaucous. Corolla not pubescent in the throat, white.
Stone Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816.
Clt. 1816. Pl. { foot.
+ A species belonging to section Armenástrum and should fol-
117 D. PUNCTA'TUS (Spreng. neue. entd. 2. p. 169.) stem
low Ď. capitàtus. No. 20. p. 385.
p
erect, branched, few-flowered; calycine scales 4, bluntish, very 125 D. PO'NTICUS (Wahl. in Isis. 1828. vol. 21. cah. 10. p.
short, pressed to the calyx; petals bearded, multifid, spotted; 972.) flowers in fasciculate heads ; involucre oblong, membranous,
leaves glaucous, linear, flaccid. 4. H. Native ? Flowers smooth, acuminate, length of calyx and bracteas; petals crenate,
pale lilac or white, spotted. Lodd, bot. cab. 896.
quite smooth ; leaves sheathing. 4. H. Native of the East
Spotted-petalled Pink. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. foot. on hills behind Sarijari. This plant is like D. Carthusianòrum
118 D. PROSTRA'TUS (Jacq. hort. schoenb. 3. p. 11. t. 271.)
(
p.
and D. capitàtus.
stems shrubby, prostrate at the base, but erect at the apex; Pontic Pink. Pl. 1 to 11 foot.
flowers in lax panicles; calycine scales 4, lanceolate, acute, % Cult. Most of the species of this genus are highly valued,
times shorter than the elongated calyx; petals fringed, glabrous; not only for the beauty of their flowers, but as being evergreens;
leaves linear, very entire. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good their foliage in winter being as abundant and vivid as in summer.
Hope. Allied to D. fimbriatus or supérbus. Flowers pale-red. The fragrance of some of the species is peculiarly grateful.
Prostrate Pink. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Pl. prostrate. Many of them are well adapted for ornamenting rock-work or the
119 D. FIMBRIA'TUS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 332. suppl. p. 302.) front of flower borders, but the rarer kinds should be grown
in
stem suffruticose at the base, branched; flowers solitary; caly- pots, that they may be protected by a frame during winter. They
cine scales 6, lanceolate, shorter than the calyx; petals oblong, may be increased by seeds or by cuttings (the latter mode is pre-
multifidly toothed, beardless ; leaves awl-shaped, scabrous. ferable), which should be planted under a hand-glass. A light
h. H. Native of Iberia on rocks about Tiflis. D. orientalis, loamy soil, mixed with a little rotten dung, or decayed leaves
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1069. D. contortus, Smith in Rees' cyclop. and sand, suits them best. For the manner of making cuttings,
vol. xi. Flowers like those of D. plumàrius, but smaller, rose- and time at which they should be planted, see D. caryophyllus
coloured, rarely white.
and D. plumàrius. The annual and biennial species only require
Fringed-petalled Pink. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1815. Pl. 1 ft.
to be sown in the open border.
120 D. PLUMO'sus (Spreng. pugill. 2. p. 64.) flowers few,
solitary; calycine scales lanceolate-linear, erect, a little shorter IV. SAPONARIA (from sapo, soap; so called because the
than the tube ; petals bearded, deeply multifid; leaves linear, bruised leaves are said to produce a lather like soap when agi-
nerved, flaccid. 4. H. Native of mount Baldo. Flowers tated in water). Lin. gen. no. 769. D. C. prod. 1. p. 365.
red and sometimes white.
LIN. Syst. Decandria, Digynia. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed,
Feathery-petalled Pink. Fl. July, Septemb. Clt.? Pl. 1 to naked at the base. Petals unguiculate; claws equal in length to
1 foot.
the calyx. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsules 1-celled.
121 D. MONSPESSULA'NUS (Lin. amon. 4. p. 313. spec. p.
588.) stem panicled, few-flowered; flowers solitary ; calycine Sect. I. VACCA'RIA (from vaccarius, a cow-herb; this plant was
scales awl-shaped, straight, one-half shorter than the tube ; said to be sought after by cowherds, because it was believed to
petals digitately multifid, smooth in the throat; leaves linear, excite the lacteal secretion in cows). Dod. pempt. 104. D. C. prod.
serrulated. 4. H. Native of the Pyrenees and Jura. D. 1. p. 365. Flowers panicled. Calyx inflated, angular, smooth.
Monspeliacus, D. C. fl. fr. no. 4324. D. Sternbérgii, Schleich. This section does not appear to differ materially from Gypsophila.
Flowers red?
1 S. VACCARIA (Lin. spec. 585.) flowers panicled ; calyxes
Var. B, brevifòlius (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 365.) pyramidal, smooth, 5-angled; bracteas membranaceous, acute;
leaves and stems short. 47. H. Native of the Pyrenees near leaves ovate-lanceolate, sessile. 0. H. Native among corn in
O.
St. Jean de Luz.
many parts of Europe, particularly France, Germany, Switzer-
Montpelier Pink. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1764. Pl. { to 1 ft. land and the Levant. Sims, bot. mag. 2290.-J. Bauh. hist.
122 D. supe’RBUS (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 272. spec. 589.) stem 3. p. 357. f. 2. (bad). Lychnis vaccària, Scop. fl. carn. no. 511.
smooth, panicled, many-flowered ; flowers somewhat fastigiate; Gypsophila vaccària, Smith, fl. græc. 380.
-
Flowers red.
calycine scales short, ovate, mucronate ; petals divided beyond Var. B, grandiflora (Fisch. in litt.) petals broad.
Ο. Η.
the middle, feathery, bearded at the base. 4. H. Native of Native of Iberia. Petals naked, crenate, emarginate.
mountainous
groves and shady meadows in many parts of
Cow-herb Soapwort:
Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1596. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
Europe. Delaun. herb. amat. t. 21. Sims, bot. mag. t. 297. 2 S. PERFOLIA TA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 34.
Willd. enum.
.

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. IV. SAPONARIA.
397
-
2. H.
p. 464.) flowers panicled ; calyxes pyramidal, 5-angled, gla- Clammy Soapwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. 14 foot.
brous; bracteas leafy, acute; leaves oblong-lanceolate, connate
Sect. III. PROTEI'NIA (from Apotelvw, proteino, to stretch out;
at the base. O. H. Native of the East Indies. Flowers red.
in allusion to the flowers standing on long peduncles). Ser.
Perhaps only a variety of S. vaccària. Petals naked.
mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 366. Flowers solitary, axillary,
Perfoliate Soapwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
or terminal. Petals 2-parted, usually naked. Calyx hairy, rarely
3 Š. DIOICA (Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa. 1. p. 38.) flowers
smooth.
dioecious, panicled; calyx egg-shaped, 5-angled at the base,
8 S. PO'RRIGENS (Lin. mant. 239.) stem erect; branches di-
smooth; bracteas leafy, acute ; leaves lanceolate, sessile. O. H.
Native of Buenos Ayres. Gypsophila dioica, Spreng. syst.
varicating, hairy, viscid ; flowers axillary, on long stalks ; pedun-
append. p. 178. Like S. vaccăria. Flowers reddish, on long lanceolate, connate. O.H. Native of the Levant. Jacq. hort
cles filiform ; calyx terete; fruit egg-shaped, drooping ; leaves
peduncles. Petals naked.
vind. 2. p. 49. t. 109. Silène pórrigens, Gouan. ill. 29. Petals
.
Dioecious Soapwort. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
flesh-coloured. Stamens white.
Sect. II. Boo'TIA (evidently from the name of some bo-
Stretching-peduncled Soapwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1680.
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
tanist). Neck. delic. gallo-belg. 1. p. 193. Flowers disposed
;
in panicled bundles. Calyx terete, usually hairy. Petals crowned.
9 S. ORIENTA'LIS (Lin. spec. 585.) stem dichotomous; branches
divaricating ; flowers axillary and terminal; peduncles stiff,
4 S. OFFICINA'LIS (Lin. spec. 584.) flowers disposed in
equal in length with the flower, and are rather hispid, as well
dense panicled bundles; calyx cylindrical, villous, yellowish;
as terete, ovate calyx ; segments of calyx acute; leaves linear-
appendages of petals cloven ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acute or
spatulate. O. H. Native of the Levant and Carniola.—Dill.
obtuse.
Native of many parts of Europe by road elth. 205. t. 167. f. 204. Stems much branched at the top.
sides. In Britain in meadows by river sides and under hedges.
Flowers small, purplish.
Smith. engl. bot. 1060. Curt. A. lond. fasc. 2. t. 29. Fl. dan.
Var.ß, glabérrima; very smooth; branches divaricating much.
t. 543.
Wood. suppl. t. 251. Ludw. ect. t. 170. Boòtia vul-
Oriental Soapwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1732.
Clt. 1732. Pl. 1 foot.
gàris, Neck. delic. gallo-belg. 1. p. 193. Flowers either single
10 S. CÆSPITÒSA (Smith, fl. græc. t. 339.) plant tufted; stems
or double, of a rose or pink colour, seldom white. The
simple, 1-flowered, few-leaved; calyx contracted at the base,
double variety of this plant is considered a very ornamental
glabrous ; petals crowned ; leaves spatulate, tufted. 4. F. Na-
border-flower, but is inconvenient unless kept in pots, from its
tive of Negropont on Mount Delphi. S. Smíthii, Ser. in D. C.
spreading very much by the roots, which creep underground
prod. 1. p. 367. Flowers small, white; anthers purple.
like those of couch. The leaves form a lather like
soap,
and
take out spots of grease in the same manner.
The whole plant
Tufted Soapwort. Pl. a foot.
is bitter, and a decoction of it was formerly used to cure the
11 S. SAXA'TILIS (Bory. ann. gen. 3. 1820. p. 13.) stems di-
varicating, dichotomous ; leaves ovate-oblong, opposite, sessile ;
itch, syphilis, and jaundice.
Var. B, glabérrima (Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 365.)
peduncles very long ; petals emarginate. 4. H. Native of
Spain on rocks in Sierra Nevada.
leaves and calyxes very smooth.
Var. y, hýbrida (Lin. spec. 584.) some of the upper leaves
Rock Soapwort. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
combined and sheathing, with a monopetalous corolla.
Sect. IV. BOLA'NTHUS (from Bwlos, bolos, a ball, and avoos,
Native of England. Found by Gerarde in Northamptonshire anthos, a flower ; because the flowers are collected in heads).
and on sandy hills 7 miles north of Liverpool.-Mor. hist. 2. p. Ser. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 366. Stems and leaves tufted.
548. sect. 5. t. 22. f.52.
Flowers aggregate. Calyx terete, villous.
Officinal Soapwort. Fl. Jul. Oct. Engl. Pl. 1 to 1į foot. 12 S. PROSTRA'TA (Willd. enum. 465.) stem trailing ; branches
5 S. OCYMOIDES (Lin. spec. 585.) stems procumbent, dichoto- ascending, short; flowers corymbose, much crowded ; calyx
mous ; flowers in panicled bundles; calyx cylindrical, villous, cylindrical, hairy; leaves oblong-spatulate. 2. H. Native of
purple, beset with glandular hairs ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, Galatia. Corolla like that of S. ocymożdes, but a little smaller.
generally 1-nerved. 2. H. Native of many parts of Europe, Prostrate Soapwort. Fl. May, Aug. Pl. prostrate, long.
particularly Switzerland, Italy, south of France and Austria on 13 S. HIRSUTA (Labill. icon. pl. syr. dec. 4. t. 4. f. 2.) stems
calcareous rocks. Jacq. fl. aust. 5. t. 23. Curt. bot. mag. ascending, few-flowered ; flowers terminal, somewhat capitate,
154. Cav. icon. 2. p. 29. t. 134. An elegant trailing plant with sessile ; calyxes 5-angled, and are hairy, as well as lanceolate
5
red or pink flowers, well adapted for ornamenting rock-work. leaves ; petals very entire. 4. F. Native of the Levante
Basil-like Soapwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1768. Pl. prostrate.
Flowers pink.
6 S. CALA'BRICA (Guss. pl. rar. p. 164. t. 31.) root fibrous ; Hairy Soapwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. {to } foot.
stem erect, dichotomously-branched ; leaves obovate-spatulate, 14 S. DEPRE'SSA (Biv. stirp. rar. manip. 2.) plant tufted ;
usually 1-nerved ; flowers axillary, solitary ; calyx cylindrical, flowers somewhat umbellate, stalked; calyx very long, 5-angled,
beset with glandular villi ; petals orbicular, narrowed at the covered with clammy pubescence ; petals bifid, crowned with
base'; seeds tubercular, rather globose. O. H. Native of Ca- acute scales; radical leaves tufted, elliptical-obovate, depressed.
labria on arid hills. Flowers beautiful rose-coloured. This 4. F. Native of gravelly or sandy hills in the open regions of
plant differs from S. ocymoides, which it is very much like, in Mount Etna. S. cæspitòsa, Biv. in Rafin. stat. gen. di. sicil.
the root being annual and the stem being erect. Leaves smooth, p. 27. Bon. t. 163. f. 1. S. Sícula, Rafin. specch. 2. p.
7.
or slightly pubescent, ciliated on the margins.
-Cupan. panphyt. t. 167. f. 1. Flowers terminal, large, rose-
Calabrian Soapwort. Fl. May. Pl. į to 1 foot.
coloured.
7 S. GLUTINÒSA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 322. cent. 2. t. 66.) stem Depressed-leaved Soapwort. Pl. 1 foot.
erect branched; flowers panicled, in corymbose bundles ; calyx 15 S. E'LEGANS (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 238.) tufted ; stems almost
long, terete, beset with glandular hairs; leaves ovate, 3-nerved. naked, bearing flowers at the top; flowers somewhat umbellate ;
L. H. Native of Tauria on the mountains. Hook. bot. mag. calyxes cylindrical, villous, profoundly lobed ; lobes acute;
t. 2855. Silène armèria, Pali, ind. taur. Flowers about the petals emarginate at the apex, with bifid appendages in the
size of those of Silène conoidea. Petals minute, blood-co- throat, the lobes of which are very narrow ; leaves linear, gla-
loured, bidentate at the top, crowned with scales in the throat. brous, almost all radical, hardly toothed. 4. H. Native of
4. H.
a
.

398
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. IV. SAPONARIA. V. CUCUBALUS. VI. SILENE.
1
sterile places on the higher Pyrenees. S. cæspitòsa, D. C. rap. he supposes to have a similar origin). Lin. gen. no. 772.
voy. 2. p. 78. 1808. fl. fr. 5. p. 601. icon. Gall. rar. fasc. 2. Gært. fr. 1. p. 376. t. 77. f. 7. D. Č. prod. 1. p. 367.
.
ined. Habit of S. lùtea, but the flowers are larger and rose- Lin. syst. Decándria, Trigynia. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed,
coloured.
naked. Petals 5, bifid, unguiculate, usually crowned in the
Elegant Soapwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 to 1 ft. throat with as many bifid scales. Stamens 10. Styles 3. Cap-
16 Š. LUTEA (Lin. spec. 585. exclusive of the synonyme of
sules 3-celled at the base, ending in 6 teeth at the apex.
.
Bocc.) tufted; stems 2-leaved; flowers capitate, involucrated ;
calyx cylindrical, woolly, with obtuse, short lobes ; petals obo- Sect. I. NANOSILE'NE (from nanus, dwarf, and Silene).
vate, entire, naked ; leaves linear, ciliated at the base, almost Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 367. Plants tufted. Stems
all radical. 4. F. Native of the Alps of Vallais and Pied- almost wanting. Calyx somewhat inflated. Scapes or pedun-
.
mont on Mount Cenis. All. fl. ped. no. 1560. t. 23. f. 1. Co- cles 1-flowered.
rolla yellow. Stamens violaceous. Habit of Viscària alpina. 1 S. ACAU'LIS (Lin. spec. 603.) glabrous ; stems dense, hum-
Yellow-flowered Soapwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1804. Pl. ble; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers dioecious from abortion ;
to foot.
peduncles solitary, short, 1-flowered ; calyx campanulate;
17 S. BELLIDIFÒLIA (Smith, spic. bot. 5.) tufted ; stems 4- petals obovate or obcordate. 4. H. Native of many parts of
leaved; flowers capitate, dense; calyx terete, hairy; petals Europe on the Alps. In Britain on the summits of the loftiest
linear, crenate; leaves ovate-lanceolate, with waved margins. mountains ; upon the steep and higher rocks of Snowden ; almost
2. F. Native of the highest mountains in Italy and Calabria, every where on all the elevated mountains of Scotland, and
&c. Portenschlag. pl. dalm. t. 7. f. 2.—Bocc. mus. p. 75. t. when in flower constitutes one of the most charming ornaments
62. f. 1. Radical leaves, very like those of Globulària. Petals of the Scottish Alps. The plant has lately been found by
.
red. Stamens yellow.
Chamisso in the islands of Unalaschka, St. George, and St. Law-
Daisy-leaved Soapwort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl. 4 to 4 ft. rence, on the west coast of America. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1081.
Cult. All the species of Saponària are very ornamental. Lightf. 227. t. 12. f. 1. Fl. dan. t. 21. Sims, bot. mag. 1881.
The S. ocymoides is one of the most beautiful plants we have in All. ped. t. 79. f. 1. Flowers small, of an elegant rose-colour.
our gardens, and is well adapted for ornamenting rock-work. Var. a, mas (D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers larger, on longer
Those species belonging to section Bolánthus require to be kept stalks ; stamens protruding ; ovary and styles abortive. S.
in pots, that they may be protected during winter by a frame. acaúlis, Lin. spec. 603.
spec. 603. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 749.
A mixture of sand, loam, and peat suits them best, and the pots Var. f, foemina (D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers smaller,
should be well drained with potsherds. They are all easily almost sessile; stamens abortive ; styles protruding a long way.
increased by parting the plants at the root or by seed; young S. exscapa, All. ped. no. 1584. t. 79. f. 2. S. acaúlis R, exscapa,
cuttings of the branching species, planted under a hand-glass, D. C. fl. fr. 4.
p.
749.
will root freely. The annual and biennial kinds only require to Var. y, elongata (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 749.) peduncles elongated;
be sown in the open border in spring.
.
flowers male.
Var. d, parviflora (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) pe-
V. CUCU'BALUS (altered from Cacobolus, which is derived duncles wanting ; flowers small, female.
from kakos, kakos, bad, and Boan, bole, a shoot or sprig, that is Var. ε, álba (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers
to say, a plant destructive of the soil, a bad plant, a weed. The white, growing along with var, a on the Scottish Alps.
English name of this plant, campion, is derived from campus, a Var. &, plena (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers
field ; in allusion to its being a pest in fields). Gært. fruct. 1. large, of many petals. Native on mount Joms in the alps of
p. 376. t. 77. f. 7. D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.
Rhætia.
LIN. SYST.
Decándria, Trigynia. Calyx campanulate, Stemless Catchfly or Moss Campion. Fl. June, July. Bri-
5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguiculate, with a bifid limb. tain. Pl. 1 to 2 inches.
Capsules fleshy, 1-celled. Habit of plant very near to some 2 S. DINA’RICA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 405.) stem tufted ; leaves
species of Silène, but differs from all in the fruit being a black linear, elongated, smooth ; peduncles erect, pubescent; calyx
berry.
hairy, blackish ; petals bifid. 4. H. Native of Transylva-
1 C. BAʼCCIFER (Lin. spec. 591.) branches divaricating ; leaves nia. Flowers white or red. S. depréssa, Baumg.
ovate ; calyx campanulate ; petals distant. 21. H. Native of Dinarian Catchfly. Pl. 1 foot.
Europe in shady places, particularly in Tartary, Germany, 3 S. PUMI’LIO (Sturn. deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 22. t. 11.) stems
France, Switzerland, and Italy. Mill. icon. t. 112. Smith, less dense than in S. acaúlis ; leaves linear-spatulate, rather
engl. bot. t. 1577. Lychnánthus volubilis, Gmel. act. petrop. pubescent; peduncles or scapes short, l-flowered ; calyx in-
1759. vol. 14. p. 525. t. 17. f. 1. Silène báccifera, Willd. flated, hairy. 4. H.
4. H. Native of the alps of Germany. Cucù-
spec. 2. p. 700. Petals white, serrated. Notwithstanding Sir balus pumílio, Lin. mant. 71. Wulf in Jacq. coll. 2. p. 126.
J. E. Smith has rejected this plant as not being of British origin, t. 10. Jacq. aust. 5. app. t. 2. Flowers large; petals obcor-
see engl. fl. vol. 2. p. 290. we have seen it growing plentifully date, crowned.
along with Silène inflàta, by hedge sides, not far from Roslin Var. ß, álba (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 367.) flowers
Castle near Edinburgh, in the year 1817.
white. Sturm. 1. c.
Berry-bearing Campion. Fl. May, Jul.
Fl. May, Jul. Scotl. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. Dwarf Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 2 to 3 inches.
2
Cult. This plant is not worth cultivating, except in botanical
gardens. Any common soil will suit it, and it may be either
SECT. II. BEHENA'NTHA (from Behen, the Bladder Cam-
increased by seeds or by dividing the plants at the root.
pion, avoos, anthos, a flower; in allusion to the calyx of all
the species contained in this section being bladdery). Otth. mss,
VI. SILE'NE (said to be derived from oualov, sialon, in
D. C. prod. 1. p. 367. Caulescent. Flowers solitary or pani-
allusion to the viscid frothy moisture on the stalks of many of
cled. Calyx inflated, bladdery.
the species, by which flies of the smaller kinds are entrapped,
* Petals jagged or fringed.
hence the English name of the genus, Catchfly. Du Theis 4 S. FIMBRIA'TA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 980.) pubescent ; leaves
deduces the name from the drunken god Silenus, whose name large, ovate-lanceolate, on long footstalks, undulated; flowers
a

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. SILENE.
399
in large spreading panicles; calyx greatly inflated, with broad lyxes bladdery ; petals bifid ; with a bifid scale at the base of
teeth ; petals fringed, incurved after flowering. 4. H. Native each at the throat; claws of petals wedge-shaped ; styles occa-
of Crete, Sicily, and Caucasus. Cucubalus fimbriàtus, Bieb, fi. sionally 4 or 5; leaves lanceolate. 4. H. Native of many
taur. 1. p. 333. suppl. 303.
333. suppl. 303. Flowers white.
parts of Europe on the sandy and stony sea-coast, as well as in
Fringed-petalled Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1803. Pl. the beds of alpine torrents in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. 957.
2 to 4 feet.
S. amoena, Huds. 188. S. inflàta B, Hook. scot. 135. d. D. C.
5 S. LA CERA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2255.) hispid ; leaves ovate-
prod. 1.
p.
368. Cucubalus Bèhen B, Lin. spec. 591. Fl. dan.
lanceolate, undulated, on long footstalks; calyxes greatly in- 857. Plant glaucous. Stems prostrate. Flowers white, larger
flated; petals jagged, with the appendages 2-parted ; alternate than those of S. inflàta.
stamens deflexed. O? H.
Native of Caucasus in the alps. Var. B, major ; plant larger.
Cucubalus lacerus, Bieb. fl. taur. 3. p. 303. Flowers white. Sea Campion or Catchfly. Fl. July, Sept. Brit. Pl. 4 to 1 ft.
Jagged-petalled Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. 10 S. FABA'RIA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 685. Smith, fl. græc. 315.)
procumbent, 14 foot long.
smooth, glaucous; stems erect, dichotomous ; flowers in race-
6 S. STELLA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 84.) stems erect, branched, mose fascicles; calyx bladdery; petals 2-parted, narrowed, with
pubescent; leaves 4 in a whorl, lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous; 2-parted, emarginate appendages; leaves obovate, fleshy, acute.
flowers panicled; calyxes bladdery, pubescent; petals fringed. 4. H. Native of Sicily and the Grecian islands. Cucubalus
4. H. Native of North America on hills and in shady woods fabàrius, Thore, chl. land, 172.? S. uniflòra y, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p.
from New England to Virginia and in Canada. Sims, bot. mag. 747.?-Bocc. mus. 133. t. 92. Flowers white or pale red.
1107. Flowers white, without a crown.
Bean-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1731. Pl. 1 to 3 ft.
Stellate-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1696. Pl. 1 11 S. ova'ta (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 316.) stem simple ;
to ] foot.
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated; flowers panicled ; calyx
* Petals bifid.
ovate, inflated ; stamens protruding. 2. H. Native of the
western part of Georgia and Carolina. Flowers pale red or
7 S. COULTERIA'NA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 368.) white. Perhaps a variety of S. inflàta.
very smooth; stem branched ; leaves small, linear-lanceolate; Var. B, flòre-plèno (D. C. prod. 1. p. 368.) flowers double.
flowers in spreading panicles; those flowers in the forks of the Cucubalus polypétalus. Walt. Al. carol. 141. ?
panicle are on very long stalks ; calyx somewhat spherical, Ovate-leaved Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft.
greatly inflated ; petals with the claws wedge-shaped, and with 12 S. BE'HEN (Lin. spec. 599.) plant glabrous and glaucous ;
the limb 2-parted, into broad, somewhat truncate lobes. 2? H. leaves obovate-lanceolate, mucronulate, lower ones stalked,
.Native of Iberia and about Constantinople. Flowers white. upper ones ovate-lanceolate, sessile ; flowers panicled; calyx
Coulter's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
oval, inflated, veiny ; petals 2-parted; lobes very short and
8 S. INFLA'TA (Smith, fl. brit. 467.) stems branched ; flowers obtuse, with the appendages 2-parted and emarginate. 6.H.
panicled ; calyx bladdery; petals bifid, naked ; claws of petals Native of Candia. Smith, Al. græc. 416. Lychnis vesicària,
wedge-shaped ; styles very long. 4. H. Native very com- Lin. 1. c.-Dill. elth. 427. t. 317. f. 409. Flowers pale pink.
mon throughout Europe. Common in Britain in fields, pastures, Bladdery Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1713. Pl. 11 ft.
and by way-sides. Fl. græc. 293. Cucubalis Behen, Lin.
spec. 13 S. CÆ'sia (Smith, fl. græc. t. 417.) plant smooth, glau-
591. Smith. engl. bot. t. 164. Fl. dan. 914. Bull, fr. t. 321. cous ; stems numerous, branched ; leaves obovately roundish;
Flowers white, drooping. Plant glaucous.
flowers corymbosely-panicled; petals 2-parted, narrow, with
Var, a, vulgàris (Otth. mss.) smooth ; leaves lanceolate.
.
2-parted entire appendages; calyx obovate, 10-nerved. 4.H.
Var. B, hirsùta (Smith, engl. fl. 2. p. 291.) hairy ; leaves Native of Mount Parnassus. Flowers greenish-white. Habit
broad, lanceolate. Near Cromer, Norfolk, and near Edinburgh. of Silène inflàta.
Var. Y, angustifolia (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 741.) smooth ; leaves
y
Grey Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
linear. Cucubalus angustifolius, Schrank. hort. monac. t. 83. 14 Š. LÆVIGA'TA (Smith, fl. græc. 418.) plant smooth, glau-
Ten. fl. nap. t. 37.
cous; branched from the base ; stem paniculately-dichotomous;
Var. d, rubra (Ram. pyr. ined.) petals purple. In the Py- leaves elliptically-roundish, obtuse, upper ones more acute;
renees and the Alps about Bern in Switzerland.
petals deeply emarginate, obtuse, without any appendages.
Var. ε, viridiflòra (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 747.) calyx leafy, pro- O. H. Native of the island of Cyprus on the mountains.
foundly 5-lobed ; petals half abortive, green. Cucubalus víridis, Flowers small, red, erect, with one always in the forks of the stem.
Lam. dict. 2. p. 221.
Smoothed Catchfly. Pl. foot.
Var. 5, castràta (Lapeyr. abr. pyr. 247.) unisexual ; petals 15 S. I'NDICA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 34.) canescent ; stems
abortive. In humid meadows of the Pyrenees.
ascending, branched; leaves large, lanceolate, acute; flowers
Var. n, uniflora (Otth, mss.) humble, glabrous ; flowers soli- solitary, stalked, drooping ; calyx inflated, tomentose, netted ;
tary, rarely in twos or threes. In the Alps. S. uniflòra, Roth. teeth of calyx broad, blunt, with scarious margins ; petals 2-
cat. 1. p. 52. This is probably a variety of S. marítima. lobed, crowned by entire appendages. O. H. Native of Ni-
This species may be used as a substitute for asparagus or green paul. Flowers purple.
peas, the young shoots having the flavour of both. They ought Indian Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 3 to 4 ft.
to be gathered when about two inches long, and the more they 16 S. LANUGINÒSA (Bertol. journ. bot. 4. p. 76.) plant
are blanched the better. Bryant (Fl. Dietetica) says its culture shrubby, tufted; stems woolly ; leaves lanceolate-linear, 3-
would well reward the gardener's trouble. In Gothland they nerved, with woolly margins, lower ones very long ; calyx
apply the herb externally in erysipelous eruptions. The leaves ovate, inflated, pubescent; petals bifid (quadrifid according to
boiled have also somewhat the flavour of peas, and proved of Bertol). 4. H. Native of Italy. Lýchnis alpina, Bert. I. c.
,
great use to the inhabitants of Minorca in 1685, when a swarm Till. cat. 4. pil. 105. t. 41. f. 2. Flowers white.
of locusts had destroyed the harvest.
Woolly Catchfly. Pl. 1 foot.
1 .
Inflated or Bladder Catchfly. Fl. July. Brit. Pl. į to 3 ft. 17 S. AURICULATA (Smith, fl. græc. t. 435.) plant tufted,
9 S. MARITIMA (With. 414.) root creeping ; stems prostrate, woody at the base ; stem pubescent, 1-flowered; flower ter-
branched; flowers slightly panicled, or solitary, terminal ; ca- minal'; lower leaves rosulate, lanceolate, mucronate, fringed,
-

400
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. SILENE.
4. H.
upper ones pubescent, opposite, usually 6; calyx campanulate, Spurry-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl.ft.
inflated; petals 2-parted, with an auricle on each side, hence 26 S. CARYOPHYLLOIDES (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p.
quadrifid, with bifid, entire, divaricate appendages. 4. H. 369.) stems erect, slender ; leaves linear, very narrow, upper
Native of Negropont on Mount Delphi. Habit of plant and size ones broader ; flowers large, terminal; calyx inflated, somewhat
of flowers like that of S. pumílio.
funnel-shaped, narrowed at the base; petals 2-lobed.
Auricled-petalled Catchfly. Pl. { foot.
Native of the Levant. Cucubalus caryophylloìdes, Poir. dict.
18 S. GRAMINIFÒLIA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 368.) suppl. 2. p. 416. Perhaps belonging to a separate section,
plant glabrous; stem erect, simple, very leafy at the base, Flowers white or pinkish.
almost naked above ; leaves linear, scarcely ciliated; flowers in Clive-pink-like Catchfly. Fl. July. Pl. 1 foot.
panicled spikes ; peduncles opposite, sometimes longer than the 27
27 S. HISPA'NICA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 369.)
calyx, sometimes shorter; calyx ovate, 10-striated; petals semi- plant pilose; stems procumbent, somewhat 4-sided ; leaves
bifid, with ciliated claws. 4. H. Native of the Altaian linear-oblong, obtuse; flowers axillary, generally solitary ; calyx
mountains. Flowers white.
ovate, 10-striated ; petals small; anthophorum wanting. 2. H.
Grassy-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. Native of Spain. S. parviflora, Zea, in Poir. dict. suppl. 5. p.
19 S. VISCAGINOÌDES (Horn. hafn. suppl. 4. p. 49.) plant 150. Flowers cream-coloured ? Perhaps belonging to a dif-
?
glabrous; stem erect, simple, somewhat leafy ; leaves linear, ferent section, as well as the two following species.
hardly ciliated ; flowers in panicled spikes ; peduncles opposite, Spanish Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. į foot.
length of calyx ; calyxes ovate, 10-striated; petals semibifid, 28 S.CarnO'SA (Moench. suppl. 206.) plant glabrous ; stem
with the claws not ciliated. 4. H. Native of Dahuria. Flowers erect ; leaves acute, glaucous ; flowers solitary; calyx smooth,
pink. Root woody, with many stems rising from the neck. veiny; petals lanceolate, with 2-parted appendages. 0. H.
O.
Viscago-like Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. į to ft. Native ? Petals purple, bordered with white.
20 S. PROCU'MBENS (Murr. com. gott. 1784 and 1785. p. 83. Fleshy Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823.
Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot.
t. 2.) plant glabrous; stems procumbent, branched, very leafy; 29 S. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 337.) stem branch-
leaves lanceolate; flowers axiſlary opposite, and terminal; calyxes ed ; leaves linear, glabrous ; flowers terminal; calyx somewhat
ovate; petals somewhat auricled, bifid; anthophorum long campanulate, rather hairy; petals bifid, anthophorum scarcely
.
;
H. 4. Native of Siberia. S. decúmbens, Schreb. S. amoe'na, the length of the capsule. 4. H. Native of Caucasus about
Lin. spec. 596. exclusive of synomymes. Flowers white.
the falls of the Terek. Flowers white.
Procumbent Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. pro- Narrow-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
cumbent.
21 S. RUBE'LLA (Lin. spec. 600.) plant smooth, glaucous, Sect. III. OTI'TES (from ove WTOs, ous dtos, an ear, the form of
branched ; leaves obovate, rather scabrous on the margin; the leaves of S. otites is compared to an ear-picker.) Otth. mss.
flowers fastigiately-panicled ; calyx 10-striated, clavate, but in- and D. C. prod. 1. p. 369. Caulescent. Flowers disposed in
flated after flowering ; petals emarginate, with bifid, entire ap- verticillate spikes, or verticillate panicles, or racemes.
pendages. O. H.
O. H. Native of Portugal and the Levant. Smith, 30 S. OTITES (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) stems erect, rarely
fl.
græc. t. 426. Delisle, fl. ægyp. t. 29. f. 3.-Dill. elth. 314. branched, hardly pubescent, rather leafy ; lower leaves nume-
f. 406. Flowers rose-coloured.
rous, spatulate, somewhat fleshy, upper ones lanceolate; flowers
Red Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1732. Pl. 1 foot. small, dioecious ; calyx of the female flowers spherical, those of
22 S. OBLONGIFÒLIA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 369.) plant the male flowers somewhat club-shaped; petals linear, undivided,
hardly pubescent; stems assurgent; leaves oblong, obtuse ; naked. 4. H. Native of Silesia, Austria, France, Switzer-
flowers small, panicled, lax; calyx only a little inflated, hardly land, &c. In England in dry sandy or gravelly open grassy
10-striated; anthophorum long. O. H. Native? Flowers red? fields ; chiefly in Norfolk, Suffolk, or Cambridgeshire; between
Oblong-leaved Catchfly. Fi. July, Aug. Pl. į to 1 foot. Swaffham and Narford, Norfolk, on the grassy ridges of the
23 S. APEʼTALA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 703.) plant hoary-pubes- road ; also about Thetford, Barton-mills, and Bury. Cucubalus
.
cent; stem erect, branched; leaves lanceolate, upper ones linear; Otītes, Lin. spec. 594. Smith, engl. bot. t. 85. Fl. dan. 518.
flowers few, terminal, or in the forks; calyx obovate, 10-striated; Lychnis Otìtes, Scop. carn. 1. p. 305. Flowers small, yellowish.
petals wanting. O. H. Native of Spain. Flowers apetalous. Ray says this plant is useful in hydrophobia.
Perhaps this species does not belong to this section.
Var. ß, umbellàta (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 369.)
Apetalous-flowered Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1801. Pl. į ft. root thick, branched; stems leafless, humble ; radical leaves
24 S. TENUIFLÒRA (Guss. pl. rar. 1. p. 177. t. 36.) stem erect; spatulate ; flowers umbellate. 2. H. Native of Syria.
radical leaves spatulate, obtuse, pubescent, upper cauline ones Var. y, macrophylla (Otth. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) plant rather
lanceolate-linear, smooth, tapering to the top; panicle rather pubescent; stem very high, branched ; leaves large, spatulate,
dichotomous, few-flowered ; peduncles elongated, usually l- obtuse or acute; flowers very numerous, somewhat panicled.
flowered ; calyx smooth, oblong, at length much inflated, 10- 4. H. Native of Provence on Mount Cousson.
nerved; petals emarginate. O. H. Native of Abruzzo on the Var. 8, densiflora (Otth. mss. and D. C. 1. c.) plant hairy;
edges of fields. Flowers red or white ?
stem very high; whorls many-flowered, very distant, dense.
Fine-flowered Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 4. H. Native of Tauria. S. densiflòra, D'Urv. enum. 48.
25 S. SPERGULIFÒLIA (Bieb. A. taur. suppl. 305.) villous; Ear-leaved or Spanish Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. England.
stems procumbent, diffused, branched; branches 3-flowered Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
leaves small, linear, reflexed in fascicles; flowers somewhat 31 S. WOLGE'NSIS (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 370.) stem
panicled, crowded; calyx inflated, 10-striated, beset with glan- branched, pubescent ; lower leaves large, lanceolate-spatulate,
dular hairs ; petals semibifid, somewhat deflexed; appendages ciliated, upper ones linear, long : flowers in panicled whorls,
of petals obcordate. 4. H. Native of Armenia and on dry stalked ; petals linear. 4.H. Native on the banks of the river
hills about Tiflis. Desf. cor. Tour. 73. t. 55. S. poly- Volga. Cucubalus Wolgensis, Willd. enum. suppl. 24. Flowers
.
phyllus, Bieb. fl. taur, no. 835. exclusive of the synonymes.
yellowish
Flowers white or tinged with purple, about the size of those of Volga Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
S. Behen.
32 S. PARVIFLORA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) plant hoary-pubes-
;

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. Silene.
401
2
at the
2. H.
cent; stems erect, almost simple ; leaves spatulate-lanceolate ; much longer than the calyx, lower ones branched. 21. H. Na-
lower whorls of flowers elongated into panicles; calyx spherical, tive of Russia and Volhynia.
with 10 stripes ; petals linear, ciliated, naked. 4. H. Native Russian Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
of Hungary. Cucubalus parvifòrus, Willd. spec. 2. p. 689. 41 TATA RICA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) plant glabrous; stems
Flowers whitish or yellowish-green, small. Petals undivided. erect, simple, very leafy ; leaves lanceolate, small; spike of
Small-flowered Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Pl. 1 flowers elongated, dense; whorls 2-4-flowered ; calyx clavated,
to 2 feet.
with 10 stripes, reticulated ; petals 2-parted ; stamens very
33 S. EFFU'SA (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 370.) stems long. 4. H.
4. H. Native of Tartary. Cucubalus Tatáricus, Lin.
erect, almost simple; leaves linear, lower ones bluntish; flowers spec. 592. Flowers turned towards one side, white.
very numerous, small, effusely panicled ; branches in whorls ; Tartarian Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1769. Pl. 2 feet.
calyx obovate, clavated, with 10 stripes. 2. H. Native on the 42 S. GIGANTE'A (Lin. spec. 598.) plant villous ; leaves
banks of the Volga. Cucubalus effusus, Fisch. in litt. Flowers obovate, fleshy, upper ones connate at the base; whorls of
whitish-yellow.
flowers distant; calyx clavate, with 10 stripes; petals bifid,
Effuse-flowered Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Aug. Cit.1823. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. rounded, bicallose at the base ; stamens long. 3.G. Native
34 S. VERTICILLA'TA (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 370.) of the north of Africa and Candia. Smith, Al. græc. 432.
plant very smooth ; stem much branched, and very leafy ; leaves Lychnis, &c., Walth. hort. 32. t. 11. Leaves large, obovate.
linear, acute ; flowers in whorled spikes; whorls distant ; calyx Flowers cream-coloured, expanding at night.
ovate, clavated; petals bifid. 4. H. Native? Cucubalus Giant Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1738. Pl. 2 to 4 ft
.
cæspitòsus, Poir. dict. suppl. 2. p. 416. Flowers whitish- 43 S. INVOLUTA (Forsk. fl. ægyp. arab. suppl. 210. no. 47.)
yellow.
stems thick, rather woody, villous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, un-
;
Whorled-flowered Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. der surface tomentose ; flowers opposite, but usually in whorls
35 S. Sibi’RICA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) suffruticose, glabrous ; apex; calyx with 10 angles ; petals bifid. 4. F. Native
stems much branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, numerous, near Constantinople. Flowers olive-coloured.
ciliated or pubescent; flowers disposed in interrupted spikes; Involute Catchfly. Pl. 2 feet.
calyx rather inflated, clavated, with 10 stripes; petals emar- 44 S. SCOULE'RI (Hook, A. bor. amer. p. 88.) plant pubes-
ginate; stamens long. 2. H. Native of Siberia in the deserts. cent, viscid; stem simple, erect, remotely leafy; joints knotted ;
Cucubalus Sibiricus, Lin. spec. 592. Flowers greenish-yellow. leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, flat; spike long; flowers
Siberian Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1773. Pl. 1 to 2 erect; calyx oblong, clavate, 10-ribbed. 2. H. Native of the
feet.
north-west coast of America, and upon the low hills of the Co-
36 S. GYPSO'PHILA (Desf. cat. hort. par. 184.) plant branched, lumbia Flowers white.
pubescent, flexuous, leafy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated ; Scouler's Catchfly. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
branches of panicle whorled ; calyx clavate, bladdery, 10-
striped, hairy; petals 2-lobed.
Native of? Flowers Sect. IV. CONDIMO'RPHA (from Kwvoc, konos, a cone, and
whitish.
popon, morphe, form ; form of calyx.) Otth. mss. and D. C.
Gypsophila-like Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. I ft. prod. 1. p. 371. Caulescent. Calyx cone-shaped, much swelled
37 S. DI'STANS (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 370.) stem out at the bottom, with very long teeth.
very long, twiggy, hardly pubescent; radical leaves broad, lan- 45 S. CO'NICA (Lin. spec. 598.) pubescent; stem simple,
ceolate-spatulate, obtuse, cauline ones linear, rounded at the dichotomous ; leaves linear, soft; flowers solitary or panicled ;
apex; whorls very distant, few-flowered ; calyx long, clavated. calyx conical, with 30 stripes ; petals deeply emarginate, with
2. H. Native ? Flowers yellowish.
acute emarginate appendages; capsule ovate. O. H. Native
Distant-whorled Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. of sandy corn-fields in France, Spain, and the Levant. In
38 S. MULTIFLO'RA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) plant hardly pu- England a little to the north of Sandown Castle plentifully;
bescent ; stem simple, clammy; leaves scabrous, linear-lanceo- opposite the Warren house at New Romney, Kent. Smith,
late, lower ones spatulate, stalked; flowers disposed in inter- engl. bot. t. 922. Jacq. aust. 253. S. conoidea, Huds. 189.
rupted whorled spikes; peduncles short; calyx cylindrical,
, Petals red. There is a flower always in the fork of the stem.
clavated, with 10 stripes; petals 2-parted ; lobes narrow; sta- Var. , ramòsa; stem much branched ; leaves more downy;
mens very long. $? H.
g? H, Native of Siberia and Hungary. calyx not so much inflated. O.H. Native of Candia. S. cónica,
Cucubalus multifòrus, Walds. and Kit. hung. 1. p. 56. t. 56. Smith, fl. græc. t. 422. Flowers pale-red. This is probably a
Flowers yellowish-white.
distinct species. It is a weed in Chelsea garden under the name
Many-flowered Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Cit. 1794. Pl. 1 of S. conoidea.
to 2 feet.
Conical-calyxed Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. England. Pl.
39 S. ELA'TA (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 370) plant
to 1 feet.
glabrous ; stem very long, twiggy, simple ; cauline leaves few, 46 S. conoidea (Lin. spec. 598.) stems pubescent; leaves
linear, radical ones lanceolate-spatulate ; flowers disposed in lanceolate-linear, almost glabrous ; flowers solitary or panicled ;
interrupted spikes; whorls 2-6-flowered ; calyx clavated, not calyxes long, conical, with 30 stripes ; petals entire, obovate,
striped; petals 2-parted. 2. H.
2. H. Native of Tauria. S. chlor- crested; capsules bottle-formed. O. H. Native of sandy corn-
ántha, Stev. in litt. not Willd. Flowers greenish-yellow. fields in France, Germany, &c.--Clus. hist. 1. p. 288. f. 2.-
Tall Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819.
Pl. 2 to 3 feet. Mor. hist. 2. p. 542. sect. 5. t. 36. f. 6. Petals red. This is
40 S. Ruthe’NICA (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 370.) perhaps a variety of the last.
stems creeping, much branched; branches opposite, erect; Conoid-calyxed Catchfly. F1, June, July. Clt. 1683. Pl. 1 ft.
leaves linear-lanceolate, serrulated, spikes of flowers very long ; 47 S. CONIFLÓRA (Nees. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 371.) stems
peduncles equalling in length the calyx ; calyx clavated, with pubescent; leaves long, grassy, acute, hardly pubescent; flowers
10 stripes ; petals 2 parted. 4. H. Native of Russia. Very panicled ; calyxes cylindrically-conical
, with 30 stripes ;
like S. Sibirica, but very distinct. Perhaps S. Tatárica ? Flowers obcordate. O. H. Native of the Levant. Petals red. This
yellowish.
is probably the S. cónica, Smith, Al. græc. t. 422.
Var. B, pedunculata (Otth. mss. and D, C. 1. c.) peduncles Cone-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 1 foot,
3 F
petals
VOL. 1.-PART V.

402
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. SILENE.
48 S. CYLINDRIFLÓRA (Otth. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 371.) 55 S. OCYMOIDES (Desf. cat. hort. par. 184.) hairy ; stems
pubescent; stems branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers branched ; leaves spatulate ; spike secund, few-flowered; calyx
few, panicled; calyxes cylindrically-conical, with 30 stripes ; cylindrical, rather ventricose, very hairy, with long teeth ; petals
claws of petals exceeding the calyx; petals bifid. 0. H. obovate, hardly crenate, with 2 longer appendages. O. H.
Native of the Levant. Flowers red.
Native ? S. pedicellàta, Poir. suppl. 5. p. 150. Petals purple,
,
Cylindrical-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. with pale edges.
Pl. 1 foot.
Basil-like Catchfly. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Pl. to 1 ft.
49 S. UNDULATA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 96.) pubescent; leaves 56 S. DI'STICHA (Willd. enum. p. 476.) hairy ; stem much
lanceolate, undulated, lower ones stalked ; flowers large, in lax branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute; spikes twin, dense,
dichotomous panicles ; calyxes very long, cylindrically-conical, with a solitary flower in the fork; calyx cylindrical ; petals
3
with 10 stripes. 8. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. small, bifid. O. H. Native of Minorca. S. microphylla,
Claws of petals very long. Flowers red.
Rom. in Schrank. pl. rar. t. 39. Annal. mus. 14. t. 12. Petals
Waved-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1775. Pl. 14 foot. rose-coloured.
Distich-spiked Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1817. Pl. 2 feet.
Sect. V. STACHYMO'RPHA (from otaxus, stachys, a spike, and 57 S. CERASTIOIDES (Lin. spec. 596.) stems branched, villous;
uooon, morphe, form ; in allusion to the flowers being disposed branches dichotomous; leaves pubescent, lower ones rather spa-
in something like spikes in the axils of the leaves.) Otth. mss. tulate, upper ones linear-lanceolate, hardly stalked ; spike few-
D. C. prod. 1. p. 370. Caulescent. Flowers spiked, axillary, flowered; calyxes ovate-globose, rather ventricose, very hairy ;
not opposite, usually on short pedicels. Calyxes with 10 stripes. petals emarginate, with the appendages 4-toothed. O. H.
The plants of this section are to be known by their flowers being Native of the south of Europe and north of Africa. Smith,
disposed in spikes or racemes, and by their alternate pedicels fl. græc. 412. S. rigidula, Lin. amoen. 4. p. 313. S. matutina,
being always axillary.
Presl. ex Spreng.--Dill, elth. 416. t. 309. f. 307. Flowers
rose-coloured.
§ 1. Calyxes cylindrical when in flower.
Chickweed-like Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1732. Pl. į to
50 S. A'NGLICA (Lin. spec. 594.) hairy and viscid ; stems 1 foot.
branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute; calyx 5-striped, cylindrical, 58 S. QUINQUEVU’LNERA (Lin. spec. 595.) pubescent, viscid ;
with very long acute teeth ; petals obcordate, small, with erect stems branched ; leaves lanceolate, lower ones obtuse ; spike
cloven pyramidal appendages. O. H. Native of France in secund; calyx very villous, with short teeth ; petals roundish,
cultivated fields on a gravelly or sandy soil. In Britain about entire, with bicuspidate appendages. 0. H. Native of Spain,
Combe in Surry; in Cambridgeshire; between Dundee and St. France, Italy, Siberia, Carniola, &c. In England in sandy corn-
Andrews, and near Perth ; in Hertfordshire; at Lakenham and fields near Wrotham, Kent. Smith, engl. bot. t. 86. Cucubalus
Costesy near Norwich. Smith, engl. bot. 1178. Curt. fl. lond.
Smith, engl. bot. 1178. Curt. fl. lond. variegatus, Lam. fl. fr. 8. p. 28. Petals deep crimson in the
fasc. 4. t. 30. Petals white, occasionally marked with a red middle, with pale borders. The specific name alludes to the 5
dark crimson spots, one in the centre of each petal.
English Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. 1 to 1 foot. Five-wounded Catchfly. Fl. June, July. England. Pl. 1 ft.
51 S. LUSITA'NICA (Lin. spec. 594.) hairy ; stems much 59 S. Scio'tica (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 372.) hairy;
branched ; lower leaves obovate-spatulate, upper ones lanceo- stem erect, simple ; leaves shining, acuminated, radical ones
late, obtuse ; spike distich ; calyx rather ventricose, cylindrical, broad, spatulate, upper ones lanceolate, acute; flowers spiked in
with long teeth ; petals crenate, not bifid, with a triangular bor- two rows, crowded ; calyx bladdery, cylindrical ; petals obcor-
der. O. H. Native of Spain and Sardinia. S. Sardòa, Mor. date. O.H.
. O.H. Native of the island of Scio. S. Chìa, Spreng.
sard. elench. ex Spreng.–Dill. elth. t. 311. f. 401. Petals flesh- syst. 2. p. 409. Petals crimson, with a white margin.
coloured.
Scio Catchfly. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
Portugal Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732. Pl.: foot.
3
60 S. NOCTU'RNA (Lin. spec. 595.) stem simple, branched,
52 S. TRIDENTATA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 349.) stems branched; hairy ; leaves scabrous, on ciliated petioles, lower ones spatu-
leaves linear-lanceolate; spikes secund; calyx sub-cylindrical, late, upper ones lanceolate ; spikes secund, loose ; flowers
with 10 ribs, teeth very long; petals 3-toothed. 0. H. Native pressed to the stem ; calyxes obovate or rather clavate,
of Algiers and Spain in corn-fields. Petals rose-coloured. scabrous ; petals deeply 2-parted, narrow. 9. O. H. Native
Three-toothed-petalled Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. of Spain, France, Greece, &c. Smith, fl. græc. 408.–Dill. elth.
Pl. I to foot.
420. t. 310. f. 400. Barrel. icon. t. 27. f. 1. S. spicàta, D. C. A.
53 S. GA'LLICA (Lin. spec. 595.) hairy and viscid ; stems fr. p. 759. Petals rose-coloured, but lead-coloured beneath,
branched; lower leaves spatulate, upper ones lanceolate, obtuse; minutely crowned. Capsule ovate, standing on a short stipe.
spike secund; calyx rather ventricosely cylindrical, with short Var. B, pauciflora (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 372.)
acute teeth ; petals obovate, entire, crowned. O. H. Native flowers few, distant; petals smaller than in var. a. Cucubalus
of France; also of Chili and Buenos Ayres.- Vaill. par. t. 16. t. reflexus, Lin. spec. 594. S. mutábilis, Lin. spec. 596. Flowers
12.-Dill. elth. 419. t. 310. f. 399. Petals flesh-coloured, with small, white, greenish externally.
darker streaks. The S. A'nglica, S. Lusitánica, Lin. s. Night-flowering Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1683. Pl. 1
cerastoìdes, Hænke, not Tenore, and S. micropétala of D. C. are to 2 feet.
perhaps only slight variations of S. Gallica, Lin.
61 S. GRÆFFE'RI (Guss. pl. rar. p. 170. t. 34.) root creeping;
French Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1683. Pl. 4 to 1į ft. stem erect, simple, few-flowered ; leaves lanceolate, ciliated,
54 S. COARCTA'TA (Lag. gen. et spec. 15.) hairy; lower leaves hairy; flowers in secund racemes; calyx 10 striped, rather
lanceolate, stalked, upper ones lanceolate-linear; flowers almost scariose, tubular, at length clavate; petals 2-parted, crowned by
sessile ; calyx hairy, fruit-bearing ones ovate, compressed at the 2-parted truncate scales in the throat. 4. H. Native of
mouth ; petals bifid. 0. H. Native of Spain in the provinces Abruzzo in the higher pastures. S. ciliàta, Moretti, pl. ital. 6.
of Valencia and Murcia. Flowers rose-coloured or white.
p. 4. Flowers white above, but greenish beneath.
Compressed-calyxed Catchfly. Fi, June, July. Clt. 1825. Græffer's Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. į to lį foot.
Pl. Å to 1 foot.
62 S. cinerea (Desf. atl. 1. p. 355.) silky-hoary; stem
spot of each.
-

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. SILENE.
403
branched ; lower leaves ovate; flowers almost sessile, solitary pubescent; stems numerous, procumbent, leafy ; leaves oblong,
twin or tern; calyx cylindrical ; petals narrow, bifid. O. H. obtuse ; flowers lax, secund ; peduncles deflexed after flowering;
Native of Algiers in corn-fields. Petals white.
calyx
cylindrically-clavated ; petals bifid, with very long claws.
Grey Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 to 1 foot. 24? F. Native of Egypt near the pyramids about Gizah. Petals
63 S. BRACHYPE'TALA (Rob. et Cast, mem. ined, in D. C. fl. violaceous.
fr. suppl. 607.) stem simple ; leaves obovate-spatulate, obtuse, Villous Catchfly. Pl. procumbent.
hairy, ciliated at the base ; flowers secund, erect; calyx some- 74 S. HISPIDA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 348. but not of Gardener's.)
what cylindrical, hairy, with very long teeth ; petals small
, bifid. plant beset with long white hairs; stems much branched ; leaves
O. H. Native about Marseilles. Petals white or reddish. broad-lanceolate, bluntish, ciliated ; bracteas short; flowers se-
Short-petalled Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Pl. Z to 1 ft. cund, rather erect; spikes usually dichotomous; calyx clavated;
04 S. CRYPTA'NTHA (Viv. fl. lyb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 406.) petals semi-bifid. O. H. Native of Barbary in corn-fields.
stem humble, branched ; leaves obovate, acutish, connate, hairy; S. hirsùta, Poir. dict. 7. p. 169. Petals red.
flowers axillary, sub-sessile ; calyx cylindrical. O.H. Native Hispid Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. I to 1 ft.
about Tripoli. Perhaps belonging to this section.
75 S. LAXIFLÓRA (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 188.) hairy; stems
Hidden-flowered Catchfly. Pl. Į to 1 foot.
erect, jointed, branched ; lower leaves lanceolate, upper ones
65 S. HIRSUTISSIMA (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 372.) almost linear; flowers secund, rather remote ; calyx somewhat
plant beset with long white hairs; stem branched ; leaves linear- clavated; petals bifid ; capsules cylindrical. O. H. Native of
lanceolate ; bracteas long; flowers secund, erect; calyx cylin- Portugal in sandy fields near Coimbra, and elsewhere in northern
drical; anthophorum short. O. H. Native of Spain.
S.
Biera. Petals flesh-coloured.
hirsuta, Lag. varied. de cienc. 1805. p. 212. Petals reddish. Lax-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 to
Very-hairy Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 foot.
1į
foot.
66 S. MICROPE'TALA (D. C. cat. monsp. 146. but not of Lag.) 76 S. CANE'scens (Tenore, prod. 25.) hairy-canescent ; stems
hairy ; stem much branched, leafy; leaves linear-lanceolate ; prostrate, branched ; leaves obovately-spatulate, ciliated at the
flowers terminal, or in the forks of the stem; calyx cylindrical ; base; flowers secund, erect; calyx bladdery, somewhat cylin-
petals bifid; anthophorum short. O. H. Native ? Petals red. drical ; petals bifid. 4. H. Native of Naples. Petals red?
Small-petalled Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1821. Pl. I to ft. Canescent Catchfly. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. Pl. trailing.
67 S. MICRA'NTHA (Link, in Cav. herb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 77 S. STATICIFO'LIA (Smith, fl. græc. t. 434.) smooth, woody
372.) hairy ; flowers sessile, secund; calyx cylindrical, appres-
at the base; leaves in tufts, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, rather
sed; petals small, profoundly emarginate. O. H. Native of glaucous ; floriferous stem simple ; flowers erect, on short pedi-
Portugal. S. micropétala, Lag, gen. et spec. 15, but not of cels; calyx long, clavate; petals 2-parted ; lobes obtuse, in-
D.C. Petals red?
curved, with short bifid entire appendages. 2. H. Native of
Small-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. į the Morea. Flowers rather large, white above, and rusty be-
to foot.
neath.
68 S. INCLU'SA (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 413.) hairy ; flowers Thrift-leaved Catchfly. Pl. 1 foot.
stalked or sessile ; calyx pilose; common peduncle flexuous ; 78 Š. DECU’MBENS (Bern, sicul. cent. 1. p. 75.) pubescent ;
fruit erect; petals emarginate. O. H.
O. H. Native of Europe. stems numerous, decumbent, diffuse, branched ; leaves small,
This plant does not appear to us to differ from S. micropétala, spatulate-lanceolate ; flowers inclinate; spike dichotomous ;
D. C. The flowers are probably reddish.
calyxes clavated when in fruit ; petals 2-parted, with long claws,
Inclosed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. I to foot. crowned. O. H. Native of Spain and about Naples. Flowers
69 S. ARTICULA'TA (Viv, fl. lyb. icon. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p.
flesh-coloured.
409.) stem erect, knotted ; leaves oblong, rather hairy, ciliated ; Decumbent-branched Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. Į foot.
racemes few-flowered ; calyx striped, hispid; petals bifid, ex- 79 S. OLIVERIA'NA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 373.)
ceeding the cylindrical calyx. 0. H. Native of the north of somewhat pubescent; stem erect, almost simple ; leaves linear,
Africa in the Great Syrtis. Flowers red?
ciliated at the base ; flowers few ; calyxes clavated; petals semi-
Jointed-stemmed Catchfly. Pl. 1 foot.
bifid, rather narrow. O. H. Native between Aleppo and
70 S. LIGULA'TA (Viv. A. lib. icon. ex Spreng. 1. c.) stem
Mossul. Petals red?
erect, rather hairy ; leaves linear, ciliated; racemes few-flowered ;
.
Oliver's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1828. Pl. 1 foot.
flowers stalked, hispid ; petals 2-parted, obtuse, crowned by 80 S. DIANTHIFOʻLIA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 373.)
.
spatulate scales. O. H. Native of Tripoli.
almost glabrous; stem much branched, leafy ; leaves linear,
Ligulate-crested Catchfly. Pl. į to 1 foot.
acute; flowers terminal or axillary; calyxes clavated ; petals 2-
71 S. CANARIE'NSIS (Spreng. neue. endt. t. 3. p. 60.) stem a parted; stamens very long. 3. H. Native of Siberia. S.
little branched, leafy, hairy; leaves large, ovate-lanceolate, fruticosus, Pall. Petals red or white.
ciliated; flowers secund, rather drooping; calyx long, cylin- Pink-leaved Catchfly. Pl. 1 foot.
drical, hairy. O. H. Native of the Canary Islands. Petals 81 S. DIFFUSA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 373.) pubes-
red, with deeper veins.
cent ; stems diffuse, branched ; leaves small, spatulate, obtuse,
Canary Island Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 1] foot. ciliated at the base; flowers rather erect ; spike 2-5-flowered ;
72 S. SETA'CEA (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 372.) stems
) calyx clavated, rather narrow; petals bifid, with long claws.
numerous, diffuse, usually simple ; leaves obovate, obtuse, very 24? H. Native of France on the sea-shore about Masin. S.
closely beset with bristly hairs; flowers lax, secund ; calyx serácea, Bert. in litt. but not of All.
,
cylindrical, hairy ; petals bifid, narrow, with their claws exceed- Diffuse-branched Catchfly. Pl. i to 1 foot.
ing the calyx. O. H. Native of the island of Melos, and the 82 s. IBE'RICA (Bieb. A. taur. 1. p. 335.) stem branched,
north of Africa. Petals red.
pubescent ; leaves lanceolate, pubescent; spikes secund, dicho-
Bristly-haired Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. Z to 1 foot. tomous; calyx short, ovate, clavated, glabrous ; petals bifid.
§ 2. Calyxes club-shaped when in flower.
8. H. Native of Tartary and Iberia. Flowers white. Like
the following
73 S. VILLO'SA (Forsk. descr. pl. cent. 3. p. 88.) clammy. Iberian Catchfly. F1. June, July. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
3 F 2

404
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. SILENE.
2
83 S. DICHOTOMA (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 144.) stems forked, Wallflower-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
,
once or twice, villous, as well as the leaves; leaves scabrous, 93 S. VESPERTI'NA (Retz. obs. 3. p. 31.) pubescent ; stems
ciliated, lower ones rosulate, spatulate, upper ones lanceolate ; branched, diffuse ; leaves spatulate, acute, on ciliated petioles ;
spikes twin, secund; flowers nearly sessile, erect; calyxes racemes secund; calyx bladdery-clavated; petals 2-parted;
roundish, ventricose, with 10 ribs, villous ; petals 2-parted, lobes obtuse. O. H. Native of Mauritania, Greece, and Por-
narrow, almost destitute of appendages. 3. H.
. H. Native of tugal in corn-fields. Curt. bot. mag. 677. S. bipartita, Desf. atl.
Hungary, Tauria, and Candia. Walds. et Kit. hung. 1. t. 29. 1. p. 352. t. 100. Smith, fl. græc. 409. Petals rose-coloured,
Smith, A.
græc. 413. S. membranacea, Poir. dict. 7. p. 165. S. appendages deeply bifid, acute. This is a beautiful plant with
trinérvis, Sol. in Russ. aleppo, 2. p. 252. Flowers white, one diffuse or decumbent stems. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 11.
always in the fork of the stem.
Evening-flowered Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1796. Pl. 1 ft.
Dichotomous-spiked Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1791. Pl. 94 S. DISTA'CHYA (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 189.) hairy; stem fork-
11 foot.
ed at the top; racemes secund; flowers almost sessile ; leaves
84 S. NYCTA'NTHA (Willd. enum. 472.) pubescent; leaves spatulate, upper ones lanceolate, acute; calyx clavate; petals 2-
somewhat fleshy, lower ones spatulate, upper ones lanceolate; parted, crowned. O. H. Native of Portugal near Coimbra.
flowers secund; calyx clavated, 10-ribbed, after flowering some- Petals pale-purple above, but greenish beneath, and rather keeled.
what 4-sided; petals bifid. 0. H. Native? Petals greenish- Two-spiked Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817.
Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 ft.
yellow.
95 S. OBTUSIFÒLIA (Willd. enum. p. 473.) stem villous; leaves
Night-flowered Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1815. Pl. 1 foot. elliptically-spatulate, rounded, rather pubescent ; flowers secund,
85 S. TRINE'RVIA (Seb. et Maur. fl. rom. 152.) plant covered drooping,
drooping, nearly sessile; calyx clavated, pubescent; petals
with knotted hairs; stem slender, branched ; leaves linear-lan- bifid. O. H. Native ? Petals purple. Perhaps S. colorata.
ceolate, under surface 3-nerved; flowers secund; calyx clavated, Blunt-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 3
hispid from imbricating hairs, which are turned upwards ; petals to 1 foot.
semi-bifid. O. H. Native about Rome. Petals whitish. 96 S. DISCOLOR (Smith, fl. græc. t. 410.) stem usually forked
Three-nerved-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Pl. to 1 foot. at the top, diffuse, villous ; leaves obovate, obtuse, villous at
86 S. DIVARICATA (Smith, fl. græc. 414.) hoary-pilose ; stem the base, with the petioles rather connate; flowers in two rows,
once or twice forked, divaricate : leaves all lanceolate, acute; on short pedicels, pressed to the stem; calyx clavate, villous,
flowers distant on short pedicels, rather nodding; petals 2-parted; with 10 red ribs; petals bifid; lobes narrow, obtuse, with the
lobes obovate, rounded as well as the appendages. 7. H. appendages emarginate and white. 0. H. Native of Cyprus.
Native of the Morea in fields. Flowers whitish, one always in Plant branched from the base. Flowers rose-coloured on the
the forks of the stems.
upper surface, but greenish on the under surface.
Divaricate Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. Discoloured-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot.
87 S. RACEMO'SA (Otth. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 384.) stem dicho-
p.
97 S. COLORA'TA (Schousb. maroc.) stems branched, very
tomous, divaricate, racemose; leaves lanceolate, narrow ; petals hairy ; leaves obovate-spatulate, numerous, pubescent, ciliated
2-parted, rounded, as well as the appendages. 7. H. Native at the base ; flowers secund; calyx bladdery, clavated; petals
of the Canary Islands. Flowers whitish? Perhaps the same as 2-parted, crowned. O. H. Native of Morocco and the island
the preceding.
of Scio in corn-fields. Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 412. Petals
Racemose Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
purple on the upper surface and greenish below. Perhaps the
88 S. veluti'NA (Pour. in Desf. herb. ex Lois. in journ. 2. same as S. discolor.
p. 324.) plant velvety ; stem erect, branched ; lower leaves ob- Coloured Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1819. Pl. į to 1 ft.
ovate-lanceolate, upper ones lanceolate-linear ; flowers sometimes 98 S. THYMIFÒLIA (Smith, fl. græc. t. 411.) stem procumbent,
solitary in the axils, sometimes crowded ; calyxes clavated ; ligneous, branched, hairy ; leaves ovate, acute, rather hairy,
petals semi-bifid. 2. H. Native of Corsica. Petals red? ciliated, with fascicles of smaller axillary ones; flowers sessile,
Velvety Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 to 1} foot.
or on pedicels, furnished with 2 bracteas or leaves ; petals bifid,
89 S. SABULETO'RUM (Link. in Spreng. 1. nov. prov. 39.) narrow, with the appendages deeply emarginate. ñ . H. Na-
hairy ; leaves lanceolate; flowers spiked also in the forks of tive of Cyprus by the sea-side. Flowers white above but
the branches ; calyx covered with long hairs, narrow, cylin- greenish beneath.
drically-clavated ; petals emarginate. 0. H. Native ? Petals Thyme-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Shrub procumbent.
.
purplish-violet.
99 S. CRASSIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 597.) velvety ; stem procum-
Gravel-pit Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. I to 1 ft. bent, branched, leafy ; leaves ovate-spatulate, fleshy; bracteas
90 S. BELLIDIFO'LIA (Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 81.) hairy ; stem very small; flowers secund; calyx bladdery, clavated ; petals
erect, slender, nearly simple; leaves spatulate, lanceolate, acute; emarginate, with long claws, properly crowned. O. H. Ñative
spikes twin, secund; calyx cylindrically clavated, smoothish ; of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals of a brownish dull colour.
petals bifid ; anthophorum long. O. H. Native — ? Petals Thick-leaved Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1774. Pl. pro-
pink, crowned.
cumbent.
Daisy-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1794. Pl. 2 to 1 ft. 100 S. BURCHE'LLII (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 374.)
91 S. PINGUIS (Vahl. ex horn. hafn. suppl. 49.) plant co- pubescent; stems assurgent, simple ; leaves small, lanceolate;
vered with silky hairs ; leaves fleshy; radical ones spatulate, flowers few, almost sessile, clavated ; anthophorum very long.
superior ones obovate-lanceolate ; calyx erect, clavate ; petals O? H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch. cat. geogr.
bifid. O. H. Native of Denmark at Cape Spartel. Petals no. 271. Flowers white ?
rose-coloured. Perhaps the same as S. bellidifolia, Jacq.
Burchell's Catchfy. Fl. June, July. Pl. decumbent.
Fat Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Pl. to foot. 101 S. PILOSELLOIDES (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnæa. 1. p.
92 S. CHEIRANTHIFOLIA (Schott, in isis. 1818. fasc. 5. p. 41.) stems decumbent at the base, rather scabrous, naked above;
821.) flowers secund; calyx short, clavated; petals 2-parted ; radical leaves spatulate-lanceolate, rather mucronate, roughish;
capsules cylindrical ; seeds hardly revolute, channelled on the flowers racemose, secund; calyx club-shaped, drooping, when
back. O. H. Native at San Rocco, Petals rose-coloured on
.
in flower, when in fruit erect; petals 2-parted, with linear,
the upper surface, .
obtuse segments, furnished with 2-lobed appendages. 4. G.
a

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. SILENE.
405
Native of the Cape of Good Hope near Plettensberg's bay. 111 S. SESSILIFLÒRA (Desf. in Poir. dict. suppl. 5. p. 154.)
Many stems rising from the same root, usually decumbent. villous ; stems erect or procumbent, almost simple, somewhat
Flowers white.
quadrangular ; lower leaves oblong-spatulate, rather fleshy, upper
Pilosella-like Catchfly. Pl. procumbent.
.
ones narrow-linear; flowers sessile, in dichotomous spikes;
102 S. CE'RNUA (Thunb. fl. cap. ed. Schult. 1. p. 394.) plant calyx turgid ; petals 2-parted. O. H. Native of Syria. Pe-
hairy ; flowers racemose, secund, drooping, calyxes with 10 tals purple or flesh-coloured ?
stripes, fruit-bearing ones clavated; leaves linear, villous, sca- Sessile-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. to 1 foot.
brous. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 4. G. Flowers 112 S. PE'NDULA (Lin. spec. 599.) pubescent, branched,
white. Perhaps S. piloselloìdes, Cham.
trailing ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; flowers axillary, pendulous;
Drooping-flowered Catchfly. Pl. procumbent ?
calyx inflated; petals bifid, crowned. O.H. Native of Italy,
103 S. GRA'CILIS (D. C. cat. monsp. 145.) glabrous; stem Sicily, and Candia. Curt. bot. mag. t. 114. Petals flesh-
erect, branched ; leaves linear, hardly ciliated, lower ones ovate; coloured. This plant has some of the habit of Lychnis dioica.
flowers erect, alternate, distant ; peduncles long; calyxes blad- Var. B, erectiflora (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 375.)
dery, clavated; petals 2-parted ; lobes linear. O. H. Native? flowers erect, smaller. O. H. Native of Portugal in sandy
Petals white. Perhaps this species should have been placed in places at the bottom of the hills, and on the banks of the rivers
section Rupifraga on account of the long peduncles.
Munda and Douro, beyond the Tagus, and elsewhere in Beira
Slender Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul.
Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. Å to 1 foot. and Estramadura. S. scabriflòra, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 184. Pe-
104 S. IMBRICA'TA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 349. t. 98.) stems erect, tals pale purple.
branched, hairy at the base ; leaves villous, lower ones obtuse, Pendulous-flowered Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1731.
upper ones lanceolate, acute; spikes secund, dense ; flowers Pl. procumbent.
erect, appressed ; calyx clavated; petals obcordate, with 2 mar- 113 S. LONGICAU’LIS (Pour. elench. hort. reg. madr. an. 1803.)
ginal teeth, crowned. O. H. Native of the north of Africa lower leaves spatulate, pubescent; flowers spiked ; calyx ovate,
near Mascar in corn-fields. Petals white.
glabrous; petals 2-parted, acute. O. H. Native of Spain.
Imbricate-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Petals red?
Pl. 1 to 12 foot.
Long-stemmed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. procumbent.
105 S. PERNO'CTANS (Link. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 408.) stem 114 S. SECUNDIFLÒRA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 375.)
naked above, bifid, villous as well as the leaves, which are spa- very smooth, glaucous; leaves lanceolate, ciliated; flowers se-
tulate ; racemes twiggy; calyxes erect, stalked, without stripes. cund, stalked ; floriferous calyx cylindrical, fructiferous ones
O. H. Native of Portugal. Perhaps belonging to this section. clavated; petals 2-parted. O. H. Native of Spain. S.glauca,
Whole Night-flowering Catchfly. Pl. 1 foot.
Pour. elench. hort, madr. an. 1803. Lag. gen. et spec. 15. but
.
106 S. LINEARIFO'LIA (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 374.) not Zea. Petals pale purple or white.
stems erect, a little branched, glabrous; leaves very narrow, Side-flowered Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
acute; flowers erect, secund ; petals bifill, crowned. O. . H. 115 S. VISCOSISSIMA (Ten. prod. fl. nap. xxvi.) villous;
Native of the alps of Caucasus. Petals white ?
clammy; hairs jointed; stems erect, smooth ; leaves fleshy,
Linear-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
radical ones obovate-spatulate, cauline ones lanceolate-oblong,
107 S. JENISEE'NSIS (Willd. enum. 473.) glabrous; stems obtuse, channelled ; flowers in spike-like racemes ; petals 2-
usually simple ; leaves rather fleshy, linear-lanceolate ; flowers parted. O. H. Native of fields near Naples. Perhaps be-
secund; calyx ovate, inflated; petals bifid, with 4-lobed ap- longing to this section ? Petals red or white.
pendages. 4. H. Native of Siberia on the banks of the Yenisee. Very clammy Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 ft.
S. Jenísea, Poir. dict. suppl. 5. p. 154. Flowers white.
116 S. DRUMMO'NDI (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 89.) plant
Yenisee Catchfly. F1. June, Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 to 12 ft. clothed with glandular pubescence; stems erect, simple ; leaves
108 S. ALTA'ICA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) root thick, woody, remote, linear-lanceolate ; racemes loose, few-flowered ; pedicels
rather branched; stem simple, assurgent ; leaves linear, very elongated, for the most part alternate; calyx oblong-cylindrical,
acute; flowers few, on the top of stems, alternate; calyx erect. 4. H. Native of North America on elevated gravelly
cylindrically-ventricose; petals revolute, bifid, linear.
places, near the Saskatchawan. Flowers white.
Native of Siberia on the Altaian mountains. Cucubalus fruti- Drummond's Catchfly. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
culosus, Gmel. syst. 2. p. 713. Pall. itin. 2. app. no. 110. t. T. 117 S. FISTULÒSA ; stems slender, fistular, branched ; leaves
Petals white or purple. Perhaps S. ciliàta.
ovate, acuminated, smooth ; upper ones as well as bracteas
Altaian Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
ciliated; flowers axillary, solitary, 2 or 3, terminal ; calyx some-
109 S. CILIA'TA (Pour. act. toul. 3. p. 328.) pubescent; stems
.
what clavated; petals bifid. 4? H. Native of Barbary. S.
numerous, prostrate, very leafy at the base ; leaves linear, latifòlia, Poir. voy. barb. 2. p. 165.
ciliated with bristles; flowers few, secund; calyx inflated, cla- Fistular-stemmed Catchfly. Pl. 2 feet?
vated; petals 2-parted ; recesses of calyx deflexed.
Native of Crete and the Pyrenees. S. stellàta, Lapeyr. but not Sect. VI. RUPI'FRAGA (from rupes, a rock, and frango, to
of hort. kew. S. Arvática, Lag. in varied de cienc. 1805. p. break; because the plants grow usually on rocks, which the roots
212. S. Pourréttii, Poir. Petals purple.
are supposed to break). Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 375.
Var. B, geniculata (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 756.) hardly pubescent ; Caulescent. Stems straight. Peduncles filiform. Calyx cam-
calyx paler ; petals white. S. geniculata, Pourr. act. toul. 3. panulate, cylindrical, or clavate. The plants of this section
may always be known by their long filiform peduncles.
Ciliated-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1804. Pl. trailing.
110 S. LEGIONE'NSIS (Lag. gen. et spec. p. 14.) stem slender,
§ 1. Petals 4-toothed.
simple; radical leaves lanceolate, acute, ciliated, stem ones few, 118 S. QUADRIDENTA'TA (D. C. A. fr. 4. p. 748.) plant
linear-awl-shaped ; bracteas ovate, acuminated ; flowers 5-6, tufted ; stems erect, slender, branched ; leaves small, narrow,
secund; calyx clavated, membranaceous. 4. H. Native of
4. H. Native of pilose; flowers small
, panicled; calyx campanulate, clavated;
Spain in the province of Leone. Petals purple or white. petals 4-toothed. 2. H. Native of the alps of Europe.
Leone Catchfly, Fl. June, July. Pl. 3 to 1 foot.
Cucubalus quadridentàtus, Lin. spec. 414. Lychnis quadriden-
4. H.
4. H.
p. 328.

406
CARYOPHYLLEÆ VI. SILENE.
2. H.
tàta, Jacq. fl. aust. t. 120. suppl. t. 5. f. 1. A pretty little ovate ; petals with a broad obcordate border. 2? H. Native
alpine plant with white flowers.
of Candia Flowers white or reddish.
.
Four-toothed petalled Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. Lychnis-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June. July. Pl. į to 1 foot.
Pl. 2 or 3 inches.
* * Annual plants, with flowers on long peduncles. Hardly
119. S. PUSILLA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. p. 235. t. 212.) stems
tufted, branched at the base ; leaves pilose, lower ones spatulate ;
differing from the annual species in the next section.
peduncle erect, 1-flowered, rarely 2-3-flowered; flowers small; 127 S. CLANDESTI'NA (Jacq. coll. suppl. 5. t. 3. f. 3.) plant -
calyx campanulate, rather clavated; petals 4-toothed.
pubescent; stems erect, much branched, slender ; lower leaves
Native of Hungary on the alps. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 40. oblong, obtuse, upper ones lanceolate, rather narrow ; flowers
S. quadridentàta ß, pusilla, D. C. prod. 1. p. 375. A pretty loosely panicled ; calyx ventricose; petals short, erect, bifid,
little alpine plant, with small white flowers.
with long claws, naked. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good
Small Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1804. Pl. 1 to 2 inch. Hope. Petals red with a white border.
120 S. FONTANA (Tenore, fl. nap. append. 1. p. 26.) calyx Hidden-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. Pl.
clavate, and is as well as the peduncles clammy-villous; petals foot.
quadrifid; stem erect; leaves linear, flaccid, with pilose margins; 128 S. Porte'nsis (Lin. spec. 704.) glabrous ; stem erect,
anthophorum long. 4. H. Native of Naples by the sides dichotomously-branched ; leaves linear, acute, glabrous, lower
of fountains. Flowers white.
ones stalked ; flowers loosely panicled, on long slender pedicels ;
Var. B; leaves shorter, stiffer and recurved; flowers larger. calyx clavated, purplish, but with white stripes; petals bifid.
Fountain Catchfly. Pl. 4 foot.
O. H. Native of Portugal in sandy and gravelly places about
121 S. ALPE'STRIS (Jacq. fl. austr. 1. p. 60. t. 96.) glabrous; Coimbra and Oporto. S. clandestina ß, angustifolia, Otth. mss.
root somewhat creeping ; stem simple, few-leaved ; leaves al- in D. C. prod. 1. p. 876. Petals white on the upper surface,
most all radical, lanceolate, bluntish; flowers rather large, under surface purplish-green ; appendages in the throat white,
panicled ; calyx campanulately-clavated ; petals with a broad rather bifid. Flowers only opening in the evening or while the
4-toothed border and 2-parted appendages ; seeds ciliated. sun is overclouded.
4. H. Native of Austria on the alps. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 111. Oporto Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Pl. 1 to 1 ft.
Flowers white, shining.
129 S. ANTIRRHI'NA (Lin. spec. 600.) almost smooth ; stem
Alp Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1774. Pl. Į foot. erect, branched, rather leafy ; leaves lanceolate, acute, some-
$ 2. Petals emarginate, or bifid.
what ciliated ; flowers small, panicled; calyx ovate, glabrous ;
petals obcordate, crowned. O. H. Native of North America
* Small perennial plants, with lanceolate leaves.
in waste fields and on the banks of rivers from Pennsylvania to
122 S. TOMASI’NII (Vis. in bot. zeit. 1829.) clammy-pubes- Carolina, common throughout Canada. Viscago amer. &c. Dill.
.
cent, dwarf; stem slender, branched, woolly at the base ; radical elth, p. 422. t. 313. Flowers small, white, or greenish.
leaves spatulate, stalked, cauline ones lanceolate-linear, sessile; Snapdragon-like Catchfly. Fl. June, Jul. Člt. 1732. Pl. 1 ft.
flowers dichotomously-panicled ; calyx conico-clavate ; petals 130 S. GEMINIFLORA (Willd. enum. 472.) pubescent ; stems
emarginate. 4. H. Native of Dalmatia. This is an inter- rather branched ; lower leaves elliptical-spatulate, upper ones
mediate plant between S. alpestris and S. quadridentàta, but lanceolate, bluntish; flowers terminal, twin; calyxes clavated,
differs in the leaves being broader and blunter, and in all parts 10-ribbed; petals bifid. O. H. Native of ? Flowers solitary
of the plant being viscid, as well as in the petals being emar- or twin, on the top of the branches, purple, but of a livid-pur-
ginate, not 4-toothed. Flowers white.
plish colour externally.
Tomasin's Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Pl. to foot.
į .
Twin-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Pl.
123 S. GRA'TA (Hænk. adumbr. plant. 28.) glabrous ; stem to foot.
filiform, diffuse, branched ; leaves turned backwards, fleshy, 131 S. LINIFÒLIA (Willd. enum. 473.) stems branched ; leaves
channelled, mucronate ; flowers terminal ; calyx clavated, ven- linear-spatulate; flowers dichotomous, terminal ; calyx cylin-
tricose ; petals 2-parted, reticulated.
, reticulated. 2. H. Native ? Poir. drically clavated, 10-ribbed ; petals bifid. O. H. Native of ?
dict. suppl. 5. p. 155. Flowers pinkish or white.
Petals greenish-yellow.
Grateful Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Pl. 4 to ] foot.
,
Flax-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 foot.
124 S. RUPE'STRIS (Lin. spec. 602.) glabrous; stems rather 132 S. DIVARICA'TA (Clem. elench. hort. reg. madr. ann.
procumbent, branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; flowers' small, 1806. p. 105.) clammy; stem erect, pubescent, branched ;
panicled ; calyx campanulate, clavated; petals obcordate, hardly leaves ciliated, lower ones spatulate, obtuse, upper ones lanceo-
crowned. 4. H. Native of the alps of Sweden and Switzer- late, acute; flowers terminal, as well as in the forks of the
land, &c. Sturn. deutschl. fl. 1. fasc. 22. t. 10. Flowers very stem ; calyx cylindrically-clavated ; petals obovate, emarginate,
pale pink. A pretty little glaucous plant, something like chick- crowned. O. H. Native of Sicily. S. Sícula, Cyrillo. Petals
weed in habit.
rose-coloured.
Rock Catchfly. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1774. Pl. procumbent. Divaricate-branched Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
125 S. GLAUCIFÒLIA (Lag. in varied de cienc. 1805. p. 213.) Pl. 1 foot.
glabrous; stem procumbent, branched, leafy; leaves ovate, 133 S. RIGIDULA (Smith. fl. græc. t. 430.) stem much branched
obtuse, lower ones stalked, upper ones cordate; flowers small, from the base, divaricate, with the joints smooth and the inter-
panicled ; calyx clavated ; petals obovate. 4. H. Native of nodes clammy ; branches filiform; leaves lanceolate, smooth;
Spain on the mountains of Leone. Flowers pale pink, nearly peduncles 1-flowered; calyx long, clavate; petals 2-parted,
white. Very like S. rupéstris, but the anthophorum is longer. with quadrifid appendages. 0. H. Native near Athens on
Glaucous-leaved Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. Mount Hymettus. An elegant, much branched plant, with the
procumbent.
habit of S. pícta. Flowers rose-coloured. Stigmas twisted,
126 S. LYCHNIDIFLORA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 375.) pubescent.
clammy; stem erect, branched, pubescent at the base ; lower Stiff-leaved Catchfly. Pl. 1 foot.
leaves lanceolate-spatulate, pubescent ; upper ones linear-lan- 134 S. VILLÒSA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 14. p. 221. t. 14.)
ceolate, glabrous ; flowers loosely panicled; calyx somewhat
;
stem dwarf, villous, branched; leaves sessile, broad, linear, ob-
.
1

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. SILENE.
407
.
tuse, fleshy, pubescent; peduncles long, axillary, solitary, fili- long, 1-flowered. Flowers white above, but dirty green be-
form, at first erect, but afterwards reflexed ; calyx very villous, neath.
cylindrical at time of flowering, but afterwards clavate ; petals Many-stemmed Catchfly. Fl. July, Sep: Pl. 1 foot.
deeply emarginate, crowned with bifid scales. O. H. Native 143 S. SAXIFRAGA (Lin. spec. 602.) plant smooth, rather
of the south of Spain in the sand by the sea-side. Silène pén- viscid, tufted; stems assurgent; leaves linear-acute; peduncles
dula, Salzm. not Lin. Flowers rose-coloured.
very long; flowers terminal, solitary, rarely axillary; calyx
Villous Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 to foot.
clavate; petals 2-parted, with ciliated claws, and bicuspidate
135 S. SEDOI' DES (Jacq. coll. suppl. p. 112. t. 14. f. 1.) rather appendages. 2. H. Native of France, Italy, Hungary, &c.
scabrous ; stem much branched ; leaves rather fleshy, scabrous, on cretaceous mountains. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 454. Waldst. et
spatulate, obtuse ; flowers small, terminal, or in the forks of the Kit. hung. 2. t. 163. Petals yellowish on the upper surface,
stem; calyxes tubular, very villous; petals emarginate, crowned and reddish-brown on the under .
with bifid appendages. 0. H. Native of Crete. A pretty Saxifrage Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1640. Pl. 1 to ft.
little much-branched herb. Flowers rose-coloured above, but 144 S. PETRÆ'A (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 2. t. 164.) tufted,
greenish beneath.
beset with short bristles ; stems assurgent; leaves linear, with
Stone-crop-like Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. Pl. bristly teeth ; flowers small, terminal, solitary; calyx clavate ;
1 to į foot.
petals bifid, with bifid appendages. 4. H. Native of Hun-
136 S. RAMOSISSIMA (Smith, fl. græc. t. 425.) plant beset gary. Petals white, but brownish on the under surface.
with clammy red hairs ; stem much branched ; leaves spatulate, Hungarian Rock Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. to ft.
recurved, obtuse ; flowers loosely panicled, small, terminal or in 145 S. FALCA'TA (Smith, fl. græc. t. 436.) root fusiform;
the forks of the stem; petals bifid, furnished with 4-parted plant tufted; floriferous stems 1-flowered, pilose; leaves awl-
;
appendages. O. H. Native of Candia on rocks by the sea- shaped, falcate, pilose, numerous; calyx cylindrically clavate ;
side. Calyx oblong-clavate, 10-angled. Flowers numerous,
petals 2-parted, with entire 2-parted appendages. 4. H. Na-
2.
rose-coloured.
tive on mount Olympus in Bithynia. A tufted evergreen alpine
Much-branched Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. Į foot. plant. Flowers largish, cream-coloured. Anthophorum very long.
*** Small herbaceous permanent rock plants, with linear nar-
Sickle-leaved Catchfly. Pl. foot.
146 S. CAMPA'NULA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 500.) glabrous ; stems
row-lanceolate or lanceolate-spatulate leaves.
erect or assurgent, rather branched, leafy at the base ; leaves
137 S. LINOÌDES (Otth. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 384.) plant lanceolate-linear, acute, lower ones spatulate; flowers terminal,
woody at the base, much branched ; stem simple, few-flowered, solitary or twin, rather drooping ; peduncles very long ; calyxes
rather hoary; peduncles 1-flowered; leaves linear-lanceolate, campanulate, large ; petals 2-parted, naked. 2. H. Native of
mucronate, rather scabrous; calyx cylindrical, rather clavate ; Piedmont on rocks. Cucubalus alpestris, All. auct. p. 28. t. 1.
petals bifid, obtuse, with bifid, obtuse, entire appendages. 4.H. f. 3. Very like the preceding plant. Petals whitish, but red-
Native of Mount Parnassus. S. linifòlia, Smith, fl. græc. t. dish-brown on the under surface.
433. not of Willd. Flowers of a whitish-flesh-colour above, Campanulate-calyxed Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823.
but greenish-brown beneath.
Pl. 1 to foot.
Flax-like Catchfly. Pl. 1 to 12 foot.
147 S. NODULÒSA (Viv. append. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Linnæa,
138 S. CRETA'CEA (Fisch. in litt. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 407.) 1. p. 501.) stem erect, simple, usually 1-flowered, knotted ;
stem suffruticose, erect, branched ; leaves terete, awl-shaped, radical leaves spatulate-lanceolate, hispid, cauline ones lanceo-
spreading ; peduncles l-flowered, elongated ; calyx glabrous, late, short ; calyx smooth, clavate; petals exserted, naked, semi-
;
,
clavated. 4. H. Native of Siberia. Flowers white.
bifid, with obovate oblong segments. 2. H. Native of Cor-
Cretaceous Catchfly. Pl. 1 foot.
sica. S. pauciflòra, Salz.? Flowers white ?
139 S. COSTA'TA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 376.) pubes- Knotted-stemmed Catchfly. Pl. to 1 foot.
cent; stems much branched, erect; leaves small, linear, very 148 S. CANO'PICA (Del. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 406.) stem
narrow ; flowers terminal, solitary, rarely twin; calyx clavate, erect, beset with glandular hairs, viscid ; branches angular ;
scabrous, with 10 ribs ; petals semi-bifid. 4. H. Native of? lower leaves spatulate, upper ones lanceolate, villous ; peduncles
Petals white, crowned ?
axillary, remote, at length reflexed; calyx clavate. O. H.
Ribbed-calyxed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. I foot. Native of Upper Egypt. Perhaps belonging to this section.
140 S. PARVIFÒLIA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 376.) Canopic Catchfly. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
pubescent; stems creeping, branched ; leaves small, linear-lan- 149 S. vr’scida (Spreng. fl. min. cogn. 2. p. 65.) very clammy
ceolate, acute; flowers terminal; calyx cylindrically-clavated, from glandular hairs; stems diffuse, branched ; leaves linear-
pilose ; petals bifid. 2. H. Native of? Petals white ? lanceolate; flowers solitary, terminal, or in the axillæ of the
Small-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 4 foot.
1
leaves ; petals toothed. 4 ? H. Native of Carniola. Petals
141 S. FRUTICULÒSA (Sieb. pl. ex sic. in D. C. prod. 1. p. greenish-white or yellowish ?
376.) plant hardly pubescent; root woody, branched ; stems Viscid Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. i to 1 foot.
simple, diffuse, filiform ; leaves small, lanceolate-spatulate ; 150 S. URVI'LLII (Schott. mon. sil. ined. in D. C. prod. 1. p.
flowers terminal, on long stalks; calyx clavate.
2. H. Na- 377.) rigid, almost glabrous; stem suffruticose at the base,
tive of Candia. Petals whitish on the upper surface, and greenish- branched, very leafy ; leaves horizontal, linear, pungent ; flowers
,
brown on the under ?
terminal, rarely axillary ; calyx clavated; petals semi-bifid.
Fruticulose Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
4. H. Native of the island of Cos. Petals white or cream-
142 S. MULTICAU'LIS (Guss. pl. rar. p. 172. t. 35.) stem as- coloured.
cending, dichotomously panicled ; leaves linear, narrow, pu-
D'Urvill's Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
berulous, acute, ciliately scabrous; flowers rather panicled ; 151 S. NI'VEA (Muhl. catal. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 377.) stem
calyx smooth, clavated ; petals 2-parted, crowned with bicuspi- branched above ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, powdery, pubescent;
date appendages; capsules ovate-oblong, on short pedicels. flowers solitary ; calyx campanulate, inflated, rather hairy ;
4.H. Native of Abruzzo in high gravelly mountains in moist petals small, reflexed, bifid, with long claws. 4. H. Native
places. Stems filiform, hanging from the rocks. Peduncles of North America in the vicinity of the Columbia. Nutt.
.
;
Nutt. gen.

408
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. SILENE.
amer. 1. p. 287. Petals white, almost naked. Peduncles half Var. B, incana (Ser. herb. D. C. 1. c.) stem leaves and calyxes
an inch long. Perhaps belonging to the section Behenantha. hoary-tomentose; calyx pale or purplish. 4. H.
4. H. Native of
Snowy Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. į to 1 foot.
Vallais.
152 Š. Menzie'sı (Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 90. t. 30.) plant Vary, oligophylla (Otth. mss. D. C. 1. c.) plant dwarf, pubes-
pubescent; stem erect, branched, dichotomous ; leaves broad- cent; stem simple, almost wanting, purplish; leaves small, spatu-
Ianceolate, acuminated at both ends; peduncles scarcely higher late ; peduncles 1-2-flowered.
than the leaves; calyx obovate, 5-cleft; petals naked, bifid, with Var. d, alpina (Reyn. in litt. D. C. 1. c) plant humble ;
;
linear segments. 4. H. Native of the north-west coast of stems almost leafless ; leaves linear, pilose; panicles few-flower-
America on low hills of Oakanagan. Flowers white. It is ed. 24. H. Native on mount Ganterberg.
doubtful whether this plant belongs to this section.
Nodding-flowered, Nottingham or Dover Catchfly. Fl. June,
Menzies's Catchfly. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
July. Britain. Pl. į to 1foot.
153 S. ALSINOIDES (Viv. append. fl.cors. in Schlecht. Linnæa, 158 S. viscosa (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) plant pubescent, very
1. p. 501.) procumbent ; stem hispid ; hairs on the calyx glan- clammy; stem simple, leafy; lower leaves large, lanceo-
.
dular ; leaves oblong, hairy, ciliated at the base ; flowers ter- late, upper ones linear-lanceolate, undulated; flowers large,
minal, stalked ; petals bifid, with ovate segments ; capsule nodding ; spike panicled, long ; calyx cylindrically-clavated, with
roundish. 2? H. Native of Corsica. Perhaps belonging to 10 stripes ; petals 2-parted, without a crest; stamens very long.
the present section.
4. H. Native of Italy, Sweden, and the Levant, on mount
Chickweed-like Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. procumbent. Ararat ; also in Britain on the Dover cliffs. Cucubalus visco-
154 S. FLAVE'SCENS(Walds. et Kit. hung. 2. p. 131. t. 175.) sus, Lin. spec. 592. Leaves almost like those of Cynoglossum
hoary pubescent; stems erect, much branched, straight ; lower officinale, but smaller. Flowers white, fragrant at night, droop-
leaves lanceolate-spatulate, upper ones linear ; flowers loosely ing all round, not to one side.
panicled; calyx cylindrical ; petals 2-lobed. 4. H. Native of Clammy Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Hungary. S. mollis, Horn. hafn. 1. p. 418. Petals yellowish, 159 S. INFRA CTA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 257. t. 213.)
crowned.
glabrous ; stems very leafy at the base ; radical leaves rather
Yellowish-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. Pl. spatulate, upper ones lanceolate-linear; flowers panicled, droop-
a to 1 foot.
ing one way; calyx cylindrically-ventricose ; petals 2-parted,
crowned. 4. H. Native of Hungary. Flowers white, sweet-
Sect. VII. SIPHONOMORPHA (from opwv, siphon, a siphon, scented, expanding in the evening.
or tube, and popon, morphe, form ; in allusion to the long tu- Infracted-peduncled Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800.
bular form of the calyx.) Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 377. Pl. i to 12 foot.
Caulescent. Flowers erect or drooping, panicled, rarely solitary,
160 S. LI'vIDA (Willd. enum. p. 474.) pubescent; stem
on short opposite pedicels. Calyx tubular, cylindrical or clavate flexuous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate; flowers panicled, drooping
to one side ; petals bifid, crowned. 4. H. Native of Carniola.
Like S. nùtans and S. viridiflòra, but differing from both in
$ 1. Flowers nodding. Calyxes clavate or cylindrical.
having a flexuous infracted stem. Flowers livid-green on the
155 S. LONGIPE’TALA (Vent. hort. cels. p. 83. t. 83. Smith, under surface, and white on the upper surface. S. nutans k
A. græc. t. 419.) glabrous, clammy; stems erect; leaves rather lívida, D. C. prod. 1. p. 378.
fleshy, lanceolate, with scabrous margins; flowers nodding, Var. B, viridélla (D. C. prod. ). p. 377. under S. nutans,)
loosely panicled; calyxes clavated; petals with a very long 2- pubescent, much branched ; petals green or clothed with green
parted involute border, and with 2-parted emarginate appendages. pubescence. 4. H. Native of the south of Europe.
O. H. Native about Aleppo and in the island of Cyprus. Var. Y, saxatilis (Sims, bot. mag. 689.) glabrous; leaves
Flowers greenish. Petals, stamens, and styles hairy at the base. linear-lanceolate ; flowers usually white. 4. H. Native of
Long-petalled Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1; Siberia and France. S. Amblevàna, Lej. A. spa. 1.
to 2 foot.
S. nutans var. £, glàbra, D. C. prod. 1.
156 S. LONGICÍLIA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 377.) Livid-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 ft.
root woody; stems pubescent at the base, branched ; leaves 161 S. SAXA'TILIS (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 338.) smooth; stem
lanceolate, acute, lower ones stalked, pubescent, fringed with few-leaved; radical leaves oblong, bluntish, stalked, cauline
woolly hairs; flowers nodding, panicled ; calyxes clavated ; ones lanceolate-linear; calyx clavate, 10-striped; flowers pani-
petals 2-parted, each crowned with 2 callosities. 4. H. Na- cled, nakedish, drooping; petals bifid, crowned. 4. H. Na-
tive of Portugal on calcareous soil near Coimbra, &c. Cucù- tive of Caucasus on rocks. Flowers small, white, with the lobes
balus longicílius, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 180. Flowers white on the of the limb of the petals narrow.
Panicle rather naked ; pe-
upper surface, but purplish on the under.
duncles opposite, usually 3-flowered, erect after flowering. Calyx
Long-haired Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. purplish. Anthophorum short. Perhaps the same as S. saxatilis,
157 S. NUTANS (Lin. spec. 596.) pubescent; stems very leafy Sims, bot. mag. 689.
at the base; radical leaves spatulate, upper ones lanceolate ; Stone Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Pl. 1 foot.
flowers panicled, drooping one way; calyx cylindrical-ventri-
cylindrical-ventri-162 S. QUADRI'FIDA (Otth. mss. and D. C. prod. 1. p. 378.)
cose; petals 2-parted, involute, with long 2-parted acute appen- stem single, rather tomentose ; radical leaves elliptical or spatu-
dages. 4. H. Native almost throughout the whole of Europe late, upper ones lanceolate ; flowers panicled, secund; peduncles
;
in arid meadows. In Britain on limestone rocks and chalky 1-flowered, nodding ; calyxes cylindrical ; petals 2-4 cleft, or
cliffs, particularly on the walls of Nottingham castle and there- 2-parted, with bifid lobes. 4. H. Native about Verona.
about ; in Dovedale, Derbyshire ; near north Queensferry, Scot- Cucubalus quadrífida, Pollin. pl. ver. p. 11. Petals white ?
land; in Carnarvonshire; on rocks about Knaresborough, York- Four-cleft-petalled Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. PI.
shire; also on the Dover cliffs. Smith, engl. bot. 465. Fl. dan. to 1 foot.
242. S. latifolia, Horn. hafn. suppl. 49.? Lychnis nutans, Scop. 163 S. RUBENS (Vest. in f. 1821. p. 150.) pilose ; stem
carn. 2. p. 525. Peduncles clammy. Flowers white, droop- erect; cauline leaves lanceolate, floral ones dilated at the base ;
ing, sweet-scented, expanding in the evening.
flowers nodding, panicled; peduncles 3-6-flowered ; calyx co-
at the apex.
p. 199.
p. 377.

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. SILENE.
409
2
loured ; petals bifid, crowned. 4. H. Native near Clangen-
** Perennial, flowers white or cream-coloured.
furt. Petals white ?
Red-calyxed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
172 S. CATHÓLICA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 378.) plant
164 S. LATIFÒLIA (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 414.) stem branched, velvety, clammy above ; stem erect, branched, leafy; leaves
tall, hairy; leaves ovate-oblong, hairy beneath ; panicle diffuse, ovate-lanceolate, acute, nearly smooth ; flowers smail, loosely
with the branches very clammy; flowers drooping ; pedicels and panicled; calyx clavate ; petals 2-parted, naked; stamens very
calyx coloured, very villous; calyx clavate; petals 2-parted, long. 2. H. Native of Italy and Sicily. Cucùbalus Cathó-
crowned. 4. H. Native of Barbary? Flowers white.
licus, Lin. spec. 593. Cucubalus glutinosus, Retz. S. Mussini,
Broad-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1
Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 415. Jacq. vind. 1. t. 59. Panicle very
to 11 foot.
large and spreading. Petals white, with linear lobes.
165 S. VIRIDIFLORA (Lin. spec. 597.) covered with soft hairs ;
Universal Catchfly. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1711. Pl. 1 to 3 ft.
stem branched, leafy; leaves large, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, 173 S. SPINESCENS (Smith, fl. græc. t. 431.) stem shrubby at
lower ones stalked ; flowers elongated, panicled, drooping ; calyx the base, much branched, tufted ; branches opposite, horizontal,
ventricose, clavated ; petals bifid, with long claws, crowned with
as stiff as spines, pubescent; leaves stalked, spatulate, mucronu-
bifid linear appendages. S.H. Native of Portugal and Spain. late, pubescent, upper ones narrow, lanceolate ; floriferous
Lychnis, &c. Herm. par. 199. t. 199. Flowers greenish-white. branches erect, panicled ; peduncles 1-flowered; calyx clavate;
Green-flowered Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1739. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. petals bifid, with small bifid entire appendages. h. F. Native
166 S. CHLORA'NTHA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 694.) plant glabrous; of Asia Minor. Flowers cream-coloured.
stems erect, simple, rather leafy ; radical leaves lanceolate-spatu-
Spinescent-branched Catchfly. Shrub 1 to 12 foot.
late, with scabrous margins, upper ones short, linear; flowers 174 S. TE'NUIS (Willd. enum. p. 474.) glabrous ; leaves linear-
panicled, drooping one way ; calyx cylindrical ; petals 2-parted, lanceolate, lower ones rather spatulate, ciliated at the base;
with filiform lobes. 4. H. Native of Germany, Viscago, &c. flowers panicled, erect; peduncles 3-flowered ; bracteas lan-
Dill. elth. 425. t. 316. f. 408.—Mentz. pug. t. 2. f. 1. (bad.) ceolate, with membranous ciliated margins; calyx cylindrically
Panicle clammy. Flowers numerous, greenish-yellow.
campanulate; petals 2-parted, with profoundly 2-lobed obtuse
German green-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732. appendages. 2. H. Native of Siberia. Petals pale cream-co-
Pl.1 to 2 feet.
loured.
167 S. PSAMMITIS (Link. in Spreng. nov. prov. p. 39.) hairy; Slender Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Pl. foot.
leaves lanceolate; flowers lateral, solitary, drooping; petals
profoundly 2-lobed. 2. H. Native of ? Petals cream-coloured.
*** Annual plants, with white flowers.
Sand Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 foot.
175 S. DIVERSIFÒLIA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 378.)
§ 2. Flowers erect; calyxes elongated, clavated.
stem erect, much branched, hardly pubescent; cauline leaves
oblong-ovate, those on the branches linear, bluntish; flowers
* Small plants, probably belonging to section Rupifraga. small, panicled ; calyx clavate, almost glabrous ; anthophorum
Calyxes not clavate.
short. O. H. Native of ? S. antirrhina, Hort, madr. Petals
168 S. NICÆE'NSIS (All. ped. no. 1576, t. 44. f. 2.) plant
whitish ?
villous, very clammy; stems branched, rather procumbent;
Divers-leaved Catchfly. F1, June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
leaves linear, obtuse ; flowers panicled, nearly erecti calyx rally 2-flowered, somewhat pubescent ; radical leaves lanceolate-
176 S. E'LEGANS (Brot. Al. lus. 2. p. 185.) stem short, gene-
cylindrical ; petals semibifid, with long claws, and bifid appen-
dages; lobes of petals ovate-flat. O. H. Native in the fields
linear, acute, cauline ones very short ; calyx with 10 stripes ;
about Nice, and in Portugal, &c. in sand by the sea-side. S. petals bifid.
S. petals bifid. 0. H. Native of Portugal on the tops of the
villosa, Moench. meth. 708. S. arenària, Desf. atl. 1. p. 354.
.
.
mountains called Herminius, near Cantharus. Petals white, but
S. arenícola, Presl. ex Spreng. Petals white on the upper sur-
reddish on the outside.
face, but of a pale yellowish-purple colour on the under surface,
Elegant Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. { foot.
expanding in the evening. Radical leaves like those of Cerás-
177 S. INAPE'RTA (Lin. spec. 660.) root creeping ; stems nu-
tium vulgòtum.
merous from the root, simple; leaves all linear, scabrous or vil-
Nice Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. procumbent. lous, with the margins serrulately-ciliated ; flowers few, panicled,
169 S. RAMO'SA ; plant pubescent, clammy; stems erect, much
erect; calyx clavate at the apex ; petals 2-parted, narrow, ob-
branched; leaves narrow, lanceolate; flowers numerous, pani-
tuse, with bifid entire appendages. 2. H. Native of Greece on
cled, erect; calyx ovate; petals bifid. O. H.
Native of
the mountains, and many places in the south of Europe. Smith,
Barbary in the sand by the sea-shore. S. ramosíssima, Desf.
fl.
græc. t. 420.—Dill. elth. t. 314. f. 407. Panicle clammy.
atl. 1. p. 354. Petals small, white.
Flowers cream-coloured above, but rust-coloured beneath.
Much-branched Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl.
1. Z
Unopen Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Clt. Pl. ; to foot.
to 1 foot.
170 S. ARENARIOI' DES (Desf. atl. 1. p. 355.) pubescent;
**** Perennial, flowers small, red, or flesh-coloured.
stems somewhat tufted, slender, branched ; leaves narrow-linear; 178 S. SPATULA'TA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 341.) plant dwarf,
flowers panicled ; calyx tubular, villous; claws of petals a little pubescent; root thick, woody; stems numerous, ascending, rather
higher than the calyx, with a bifid border. 4. H. Native of dichotomous; lower leaves spatulate, upper ones ovate; flowers
Barbary in corn-fields. Petals white. Calyx purplish.
few, panicled; calyx short, clavate ; petals bifid. 24. H. Na-
Arenaria-like Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. I foot.
tive of Caucasus. S. pygmæe'a, Adam. app. Web. et Mohr.
171 S. Fusca'TA (Link. et Brot. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 413.) cat. 1. p. 58. no. 26. Flowers deep-purple, about the size of
stem simple, clothed with glandular pubescence; leaves lanceo- those of S. quinquevúlnera.
late ; flowers panicled, on short pedicels; calyx campanulate, Spatulate-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. ft.
viscid, striated, coloured ; petals somewhat emarginate. 24. 179 S. RE'PENS (Patrin. herb. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 379.) plant
.
H. Native of Portugal. Flowers reddish brown.
hardly pubescent; root long, creeping ; stems erect, almost
Darkened Catchfly. Pl. 1 foot.
simple ; leaves linear, grassy, acute; flowers few, erect, pa-
VOL. I.--PART. V.
3 G

410
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. SILENE.
nicled; calyx clavate; petals semi-bifid; stamens long. 4. H. cent; stems erect, branched ; leaves large, lower ones spatulate,
Native of Siberia. Petals red?
upper ones lanceolate ; flowers large, panicled ; calyx cylindri-
Creeping-rooted Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. cal, ventricose, with alternate veins and stripes, teeth very
ž to 1 foot.
long ; petals 2-parted, crowned. O. H. Native of Sweden and
180 S. GLAU’CA (Zea. in Poir. dict. suppl. 5. p. 153.) plant Germany. In England in fields on a sandy or gravelly soil,
glabrous, glaucous ; stems erect; leaves oblong-linear, acute; particularly in Cambridgeshire, Oxfordshire, very common about
flowers 2 or 3, rising from the forks of the branches; calyx Wetherby, Yorkshire; not rare in Suffolk and Norfolk, especially
somewhat cylindrical; petals rather crenated at the apex. on the west side of Norwich. Smith, engl. bot. 291. Lychnis
O. H. Native of ? Petals purple.
noctiflòra, Schreb. spic. p. 31. Ocymoides noctiflòrum, Comm.
Glaucous
pus Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. į to 1 foot.
109. t. 34. Petals of a pale blush-colour, expanding at night,
181 S. UNDULÆFÒLIA (Mor. sard. elench. fasc. 1. 1827.) with a short blunt bifid crest. This plant resembles the Lychnis
plant clothed with glandular hairs; stem erect; leaves thickish, dioica in habit.disor
oblong-obovate or lanceolate, waved; flowers dichotomously- Night-flowering Catchfly. Fl. July. England. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
panicled, erect; calyx clavate; petals rather emarginate. O.H. 189 S. ORNA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 96.) plant pubescent;
Native of Sardinia. Flowers red?
stems erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, bluntish; flowers pa-
Waved-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1829. Pl. 1 ft. nicled ; calyx cylindrical, ventricose, with alternate stripes and
182 S. TENUIFÒLIA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 379.) veins ; petals 2-parted ; lobes broad, denticulated, crowned.
plant hardly pubescent; stem erect, much branched, leafy, f. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag.
leaves filiform, acute, ciliated at the base; flowers few, panicled; 382. Flowers the size of a clove-pink, dark-purple.
calyx bladdery, clavated; petals bifid. O. H. Native of Da- Ornamented Catchfly. Fl. May, Sep. Cit. 1775.
Cit. 1775. Pl. 2 ft.
huria. Petals purple.
Fine-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. I to
** Flowers middle-sized, red, white, or cream-coloured.
1 foot.
190.S. STRICTA (Lin. spec. 599.) plant hardly pubescent;
* ** ** Flowers large, purple, or red.
stem erect, branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, lower ones
stalked ; flowers panicled, erect; calyx cylindrically-clavated,
183 S. ALLAMA'NI (Otth. mss: in D. C. prod. 1. p. 379.) netted; petals small, emarginate, crowned.
,
O. H. Native of
plant pubescent; stems erect, simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate; Spain. S. linæòla and S. eránthema, Wib. Petals red.
flowers large, few, panicled ; calyx cylindrical, coloured ; petals Straight Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1802. Pl. 1 foot.
broad, obcordate. O. H. Native of Mexico. Petals purple. 191 S. CRE'TICA (Lin. syst. 421.) stem erect, pubescent at
Allaman's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
the base, with the joints clammy; leaves scabrous, lower ones
184 S. VIRGI’NICA (Lin. spec. 600.) plant covered with clammy obovate, upper ones linear-lanceolate; flowers panicled, on long
pubescence; stems procumbent, assurgent, branched ; leaves bractless pedicels ;
bractless pedicels ; calyx clavate ; petals 2-parted, narrow, with
lanceolate, lower ones on very long footstalks, ciliated at the 2-parted, entire, acute appendages. 0. H. Native of Crete
base; flowers large, panicled, sometimes crowded ; calyx amply on rocks by the sea-side. Smith, fl. græc. t. 422.-Dill. elth.
clavated; petals broad, bifid, crowned, with long claws. 2. H. 422. t. 314. f. 404. Flowers deep rose-coloured.
Native of North America in the western parts of Virginia and Cretan Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732. Pl. 1 to
Carolina, and in the Illinois country. S. cheiranthoides, Poir. 12 foot.
dict. 7. p. 176. S. coccínea, Moench. suppl. 306.-Pl. alm. 231. 192 S. MUSCIPULA (Lin. spec. 601.) plant smoothish, clammy;
t. 203. f. 1.? Petals dark-purple. A beautiful species. The stem erect; branches alternate, long; lower leaves lanceolate-
leaves of this species are like those of the Globe Amaranth. The
spatulate, upper ones linear ; flowers panicled; calyx amply
plant is reputed anthelmintic.
clavated, netted ; petals bifid. O. H. Native of Spain.—Clus.
.
Virginian Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1783. Pl. procum- hist. 1. p. 289. f. 1. Petals intensely red.
bent, 1 to foot.
This plant is very clammy, and when flies light upon it
185 S. CATESBÆ'a (Walt. carol. 141.) branched, decumbent, they become entangled ; hence the name of Catchfly for the
clammy; leaves lanceolate, broad, with roughish margins ;
.
flowers panicled ; calyx clavated, coloured ; petals bifid, with 2 Fly-trap Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1596. Pl. 1 foot.
lateral teeth, lobes acute; claws of petals long; stamens ex- 193 S. LEUCOPHÆ'A (Smith, fl. græc. t. 424.) plant villous,
serted. 2. H. Native of Carolina. Lychnis viscosa, &c. clammy, branched ; leaves linear-oblong, recurved, sessile ; stem
Catesb. carol. 54. t. 4. S. Virgínica, Michx. and Pursh, but usually dichotomous, somewhat panicled ; calyx clavate ; petals.
not of Lin. A beautiful species, with dark-crimson flowers. 2-parted, narrow, with 2-parted entire appendages. O. H.
Catesby's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Pl. 1 to 1 ft. Native of the island of Cyprus. Flowers, cream-coloured above,
186 S. MEXICA'NA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. and D.C. but brownish beneath.
prod. 1. p. 379.) plant glabrous; root thick, horizontal ; stems White-brown-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot.
erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, acute ; flowers panicled ; calyx 194 S. CO'RSICA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 756.) plant pubescent,
clavate, pilose; petals 4-cleft, lobes acute, furnished with scale- very clammy; stems procumbent, leafy ; leaves small, obovate;
like appendages; stamens hardly longer than the petals. 4. F. flowers terminal, erect; calyx clavate; petals 2-parted, crowned,
Native of Mexico. Petals red or purple.
with long claws. 4. H. Native of Corsica.—Bocc. mus. t.
Mexican Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
54. Petals purple?
187 S. Cape'nsis (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 379.) plant Corsican Catchfly. Fl. June, July.
Clt. 1820. Pl. pro-
covered with clammy pubescence; stems horizontal, branched, cumbent.
leafy ; branches erect; leaves large, linear-lanceolate ; flowers 195. S. XERA'NTHEMA (Viv. fl. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnæa,
large, panicled, few; calyx clavate, reticulate ; petals broad, 2- 1. p. 501.) hairy ; stem ascending ; leaves all lanceolate, sessile;
p
parted, naked. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. peduncles axillary, opposite, usually 1-flowered; petals semi-
Flowers red.
bifid, exserted ; calyx elongated, membranous, hairy, glandular ;
Cape Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. I to 1 foot.
capsules elliptically-clavate. 2 ?H. Native of Corsica.
188 S. NOCTIFLÓRA (Lin. spec. 599.) plant clammy, pubes- Dry-flowered Catchfly. Pl. ascending.
4
whole genus

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. SILENE.
411
196 S. PUBE'SCENS (Lois. fl. gall. p. 727.) stem dwarf, much Flowers pink. This plant ought to follow S. orchidea, Lin.
branched ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, tapering to the base, ciliat- p. 413. no. 245.
ed; flowers terminal, erect; calyx clavate, hairy ; petals 2- Atocion Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1781. Pl. į to 1 ft.
parted, crowned, with very long claws. O. H. Native of Cor-
Petals
§ 3. Flowers erect; calyxes long, clavated.
sica about Ajaccio. S. hírta, Willd. hort. berl. t. 23.
The plants
contained in this division are easily distinguished by their long,
rose-coloured.
Pubescent Catchfly. . Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. I to j
narrow calyx, sometimes even an inch in length.
foot.
204 S. RETICULA'TA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 350. t. 99.) plant gla-
197 S. ÆGYPTIACA (Lin. fil. suppl. 241.) plant somewhat brous, clammy;
brous, clammy; stems branched ; leaves lanceolate-linear ;
tomentose; stems branched; leaves obovate, stalked; flowers flowers dichotomously panicled ; calyx very long, clavated, reti-
terminal, erect; calyx clavate; petals obcordate, bidentate at culated; petals obcordate, crowned with bifid acute appendages.
the base. O. H. Native of Egypt. Petals flesh-coloured, O. H. Ñative of Algiers. Calyx with 10 stripes, reticulated,
furnished with obtuse, emarginate appendages.
with purple veins. Flowers small, rose-coloured, fastigiate.
Var. B, retrofléxa (Pers. ench. 1. p. 500.) petals turned back- Reticulated-calyxed Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1804.
wards; leaves linear ; petals flesh-coloured.
Pl. 1} foot.
Egyptian Catchfly. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl. 3 to 1 ft. 205 S. ECHINA'TA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 380.) plant
1
198 S. SERICEA (All. ped. no. 1573. t. 79. f. 3.) silky; stems pubescent; stem slender, branched ; cauline leaves small, linear ;
branched ; leaves ciliated with long hairs at the base, lower flowers panicled ; calyx long, cylindrically-clavated, with 10
ones spatulate, upper ones oblong; flowers large, terminal, or bristly echinated ribs; petals bifid. O? H.
O? H. Native of?
in few-flowered panicles; calyx clavate; petals 2-parted, Echinated-calyxed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
crowned, with long claws. O. H. Native of Corsica. Petals 206 S. PENNSYLVA'NICA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 272.) plant
rose-coloured, with the scales acute.
clammy-pubescent; stems procumbent; leaves lanceolate, lower
Var. B, minor (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 380.) leaves ones rather spatulate ; flowers panicled; calyx long, tubular;
opaque, somewhat fleshy ; flowers and plant smaller. O. H. petals emarginate and rather crenated. 4. H. Native of
Native of Portugal in the sand by the sea-side at the Tagus, not North America in dry sandy woods, and on rocks from New
far from Lisbon and elsewhere ; it also occurs on dry hills not York to Virginia. Ker, bot. reg. 247. Lodd. bot, cab. t. 41.
far from the sea shore. S. littòrea, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 186.
S. littòrea, Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 186. Perhaps the same as S. Virgínica, Willd. spec. 2. p. 702. S.
.
Petals dark purple, with the scales crenulated.
Caroliniàna, Walt. carol. 142. Flowers purple, very handsome.
Silky Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801.
.
Clt. 1801. Pl. a 1 foot; Pennsylvanian Catchfly. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1806. Pl.
B foot.
4 to į foot, procumbent.
199 S. PI'CTA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 498.) stems much branched, 207 S. SUCCULE'NTA (Forsk. descr. p. 89.) plant clammy-
hardly pubescent; lower leaves obovate-spatulate, upper ones pubescent; stems diffuse, thick, branched, leafy ; leaves obo-
linear, acute; flowers loosely panicled ; calyx clavate, striped vate, fleshy ; flowers panicled ; calyx long, somewhat ventricose,
with red ; petals 2-parted, reticulated, crowned ? O. H. Na- ribbed; petals 2-parted, crowned, with very long claws. 4?H.
tive of France near Dax. Sweet, fl. gard. 92. S. Reinwardtii, Native of Egypt at the catacombs of Alexandria. Delile, A.
Roth. S. reticulata, Hort. S. anastomosans, Lag. gen. et spec. ægypt. t. 29. f. 2. Flowers purple ?
15. Petals reticulated, with red nerves and veins. A beautiful Succulent-leaved Catchfly. Fl. May. Pl. į foot.
rush-like plant.
208 S. VALLE'SIA (Lin. spec. 603.) plant tufted, clammy, pu-
Painted-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. bescent; root woody; stems dwarf, assurgent, a little branched;
1 to 2 feet.
leaves lanceolate, lower ones spatulate ; flowers terminal, rarely
200 S. RUGO'SA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 498.) plant glabrous; stems twin; calyx very long, clavate, reticulated ; petals bifid, crowned.
branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute; flowers terminal or 2. H. Native in the alps of Vallais. All. ped. no. 1574.
somewhat panicled; calyx clavate, rather rough from wrinkled t. 23. f. 2.-Bocc. mus. 65. t. 54. Flowers flesh-coloured
crenated stripes. 0. 8. Native of ? Petals reticulated, with or white, smelling at night, of a deeper colour beneath.
red veins.
Vallesian Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1765. Pl. į foot.
Wrinkled-calyxed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot. 209 S. Ca'SPICA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 497.) plant scabrous;
201 S. Bl’color (Thore, land. p. 174.) plant tufted, glabrous; stems branched ; leaves spatulate-lanceolate; flowers terminal,
rather clammy; stems branched at the base ; leaves linear, and in the forks of the stem ; calyx oblong, cylindrical, pubes-
flowers panicled ; calyx clavate, reticulated ; petals bifid, lobes cent; petals 2-parted, and furnished with a tooth on each side
lanceolate. O. H. Native in the west of France, near Dax. at the base. 4. H. Native of Caucasus on sterile hills. S.
D. C. icon. rar. gall. t. 42. S. Porténsis, Bonam. prod. Petals fruticulòsa, Bieb. tab. no. 17. S. frutéscens, Bieb. casp. 175.
reticulated, with red nerves and veins ?
S. suffrutéscens, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 340.
p
340. Stems shrubby.
Two-coloured-flowered Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Petals pink
Pl. 1 foot.
Caspian Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 2 feet.
202 S. KAULFU'sII (Spreng. pl. min. cog. 2. p. 64. no. 123.) 210 S. SALZMA’NNII (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 381.)
plant very smooth ; root fusiform ; stem almost simple ; radical plant tomentosely-pilose; root woody, branched ; stems simple,
,
leaves oblong, cauline ones ovate-lanceolate ; flowers panicled ; leafy ; leaves lanceolate-spatulate, numerous at the base; flowers
calyx clavate; petals toothed, with long claws. 4. H. Native densely panicled, erect; calyx long; petals broad, obcordate,
at Politz. Flowers purple ?
naked. 4. H. Native of Corsica. Flowers red? Perhaps
Kaulfus's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
belonging to section Atocion.
203 S. A TO'CION (Murr. syst. ed. 13. p. 421.) stem branched, Salzmann's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
viscid, pubescent ; leaves roundish-obovate, lower ones on long 211 S. RequieẢNII (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 381.)
;
REQUIE'NII
.
)
footstalks, uppermost ones sessile ; panicle fastigiate, tricho- plant pubescent; root thick, woody; stem erect, simple, leafy;
tomous ; calyx long, clavate ; petals obcordate, obtuse, with an leaves oblong-obovate, acuminated; flowers few, panicled; calyx
acute tooth on each side at the base, crowned by 2 protuber- very long. 4. H. Native of Corsica near Bonifacio.
O. H. Native of the Levant. Jacq. vind. 3. t. 32. Requien's Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
1
ances.
3 G 2

412
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. SILENE.
-
212 S. AMæ'na (Lin. spec. 596.) plant rather pubescent; 219 S. PAUCIFLORA (Salzmann, exsic. in D. C. prod. 1. p.
root woody ; stems decumbent, branched ; leaves soft, numerous 382.) plant tufted, pubescent ; stems numerous, simple, slender,
at the bottom, lanceolate, rather acute, nearly smooth; flowers almost leafless; leaves linear-lanceolate, numerous at the base
numerous, disposed in ample secund panicles ; calyx cylindri- of the stems; flowers terminal and in few-flowered panicles;
cally clavated, obovate; petals bifid, with a converging crest. calyx narrow, cylindrical; petals 2-parted, reticulated, crowned,
4. H. Native of Tartary. Calyx long. Petals white. 2. H. Native of Corsica. Petals striped.
Pleasing Catchfly. Fl. July. Clt. 1779. Pl. decumbent. Few-flowered Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 foot.
213 S. SUPI'NA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 336.) plant tufted, co- 220 S. JU'NCEA (Smith, fl. græc. t. 421.) stem simple, pubes-
vered with clammy pubescence; stems woody, procumbent, cent, panicled at the top; lower leaves obovate, acute, stalked,
branched; leaves linear, acute; flowers on short alternate hoary-pilose, upper ones sessile, linear-lanceolate, smooth, but
pedicels; calyxes long, cylindrically clavated, tomentose ; petals ciliated at the base ; calyx elongated, clavate ; petals 2-parted,
with long claws, bifid, crowned ; lobes narrow, diverging. 4. H. narrow,
narrow, with 2-parted tridentate appendages. 3. H. Native
Native of Caucasus. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1997. Petals white. of Asia Minor. Branches long, paniculate, few-flowered. Flowers
Var. B, latifolia ; leaves broader and flat.
white above and rusty beneath.
Supine Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1804. Pl. procum- Rushy Catchfly. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
bent foot.
221 Š. PA’TULA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 356.) plant pubescent, clammy;
214 S. DEPRE'SSA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 336.) plant clammy; root stems erect, branched, branches spreading ; lower leaves ovate-
woody; stems numerous, branched at the base, leafy, pubes- spatulate, upper ones lanceolate ; flowers panicled; calyx long,
cent; leaves small, lanceolate, somewhat ciliated ; flowers soli-
;
clavated, narrow ; petals semibifid, crested, with long claws.
tary, terminal, rarely twin; calyx very long, cylindrically-cla-. 4.H. Native of Barbary in corn-fields. Petals white, about
vated; petals bifid, with long claws, crowned. 2. H. Native the size of those of Lychnis dioca. Peduncles 3-flowered.
of Iberia on rocks about Tiflis. Flowers white.
Spreading-branched Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823.
Depressed Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. procumbent. Pl. I to 2 feet.
215 S. PARADO'XA (Lin. spec. 1673.) stem erect, pubescent; 222 S. POLYPHY’LLA (Lin. spec. 601.) plant pubescent ; stems
leaves smooth, hardly ciliated, lower ones obovately-lanceolate, assurgent, much branched, very leafy ; leaves linear, acute;
upper ones linear; flowers large, disposed in racemose panicles; flowers erect, panicled ; calyx clavated; petals bifid. 4. H.
calyx long, cylindrically clavated, downy ; petals 2-lobed; lobes Native of Austria, Hungary, and Bohemia.-Clus. hist. 1. p.
broad, obovate, with 2-parted appendages. 2. H. Native of 290. f. 2. Flowers white above but purplish below.
Dauphiny. Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 84. Flowers large, white. Many-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Pl. 1 to
This plant is said to grow on the Dover Cliffs, but certainly not 1} foot.
to be found there at present. What the older botanists found 223 S. NEMORA'LIS (Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. p. 277. t. 249.)
on Dover Cliffs appear to be Silène nutans and S. viscosa, the stem simple, pubescent; leaves pubescent, lower ones large,
one with naked petals and the other with crested petals.
roundish, stalked, upper ones lanceolate; flowers panicled ;
Var. B, tenuifolia (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 381.) stem
) calyx long, clavated ; petals 2-parted, crowned. H. Native
twiggy, simple ; leaves linear, acute. Native about Genoa. of Hungary. Cucùbalus floccosus, Fic. Petals white above
Paradoxical or Dover Catchfly. Fl. July. Clt.? Pl. 1] ft. but purplish below.
216 S. CHLORÆFÒLIA (Smith, icon. ined. i. p. 13, t. 13.) plant Grove Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 to 12 foot.
very smooth and glaucous ; stems branched; leaves elliptical, 224 S. CALYCI'NA (Presl. sic. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 182.)
pointed, upper ones rather cordate; flowers large, disposed in stem simple, erect, scabrous, clammy at the top; leaves linear-
a terminal panicle; calyx long, cylindrical, rather clavated, lanceolate, acute, ciliately-serrulated; flowers panicled, brac-
striped ; petals cloven half-way down, with a 2-lobed crest. teate ; calyx long, clavate, and is as well as the pedicels clothed
4. H. Native of Armenia. Sims, bot. mag. t. 807. Flowers with clammy pubescence ; petals bifid, coloured. 2?H. Na-
white, turning reddish as they fade.
tive of Sicily
Chlora-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1796. Pl. 1 Calycine Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
to 2 feet.
225 S. LONGIFLÓRA (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 144.) plant glabrous;
217 S. ITA’LICA (D. C. f. fr. 4. p. 753.) pilosely-pubescent; stems erect, twiggy; leaves linear-lanceolate, rather glaucous,
stems branched at the base ; lower leaves spatulate, obtuse, stem radical ones very long ; flowers panicled; peduncles 1-flowered;
ones lanceolate, acute, connate ; flowers in spreading panicles; calyx very long, clavated; petals 2-parted, crowned. 4. H.
branches of panicle 3-flowered ; calyx long, clavated ; petals Native of Hungary and Tauria, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p.
7.
2-lobed, obtuse, naked. 4. H. Native of Italy and Laconia, t. 8. Petals whitish above but tinged with red below. A tall,
1. c. Smith, fl. græc. 429.
Cucubalus Itálicus, Lin. spec. smooth plant, with purplish stems.
593. Jacq. obs. 4. p. 12. t. 79. Cucubalus silenoides, Vill. Var. B, júncea (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 382.) leaves all
.
.
dauph. 3. p. 614. S. Sícula, Presl. Petals white above but linear; panicle small. 24. H. Native of Iberia. S. júncea,
flesh-coloured underneath.
Roth. catalect. 1. p. 54.
1
Var. B, càna (Otth, mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 382.) plant a Long-flowered Catchfly. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1793. Pl.
little branched, very soft ; panicle dense. S. mollíssima, Lois. 12 to 3 feet.
not. p. 166. Petals white above, l. c.
226 S. BUGLOSSIFÒLIA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 32.) plant
Var. y, rubriflora (Otth. mss. in D. C. 1. c.) plant very soft; hairy, clammy; stem simple, leafy ; leaves undulated, the upper
calyx purplish ; petals purple.
ones lanceolate ; flowers panicled ; peduncles 1-flowered, oppo-
Italian Catchfly. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1759. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. site, shorter than the flowers ; calyx cylindrical, an inch long;
218 S. PANICULA'TA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 382.) petals 2-parted, naked. 3. H. Native of the Levant at the
plant velvety, clammy; stem erect, much branched, leafy; foot of Mount Ararat. Flowers white above.
leaves lanceolate, thickish ; flowers in simple panicles ; calyx Bugloss-leaved Catchfly. Fl. Aug. Pl. 3 feet.
cylindrically-clavated, long ; petals bifid ; stamens long. 4. H. 227 S. BUPLEUROÌDES (Lin. spec. 598.) plant glabrous,
Native of? Petals white?
clammy; stem assurgent, branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
Panicled Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 17 foot.
acute, lower ones very long ; upper bracteas with broad, mem-
f

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. SILENE.
413
-
branaceous margins ; flowers panicled ; peduncles generally 2- Ascending-stemmed Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822.
.
3-flowered ; calyx long, clavate, purplish; petals 2-lobed, Pl. foot.
crowned. 2. H. Native of Persia and on Mount Atlas. 237 S. DIANTHOIDES (Pers. ench. 1. p. 500.) leaves linear ;
Petals white on the upper surface but pale violet underneath. flowers panicled ; calyx striated, sessile between 2 leaves, which
Desf. atl. 1. p. 351.–Tourn. itin. 2. p. 139. t. 154.
form an involucrum : petals bifid. O?H. Native of the Levant.
Bupleurum-like Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1801. Pl. Cucubalus saxifragus, Schreb. dec. 9. t. 5. Flowers pink or
1 to 21 feet.
purple? Calyx striped with purple.
228 S. ca'na (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 382.) plant Dianthus-like Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. i to 1 foot.
hoary-pubescent; stem twiggy, simple; lower leaves ovate-
Sect. VIII. ATO'cion (from a priv. and tokos, tokos, the
oblong, stalked, ciliated at the base, upper ones linear; flowers
panicled ; peduncles 3-flowered; calyx long, clavated, purplish;
young or brood of any thing; because many of the plants con-
tained in this section often produce nothing but male flowers.)
petals bifid, with long claws. 4. H. Native of ? Petals
Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 383. Caulescent. Flowers corym-
whitish above, but brownish underneath?
.
Hoary Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl. 2 feet.
bose. Calyxes clavated, with 10 stripes.
229 S. MOLLISSIMA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 498.) stem herbaceous,
* Perennial or shrubby.
fleshy ; leaves fleshy, silky pubescent, radical ones ovate-spatu- 238 S. CORDIFOLIA (All. ped. no. 1581. t. 23. f. 3.) plant
late; panicle corymbose, somewhat dichotomous; petals bifid, na- clammy, glaucous; stems simple, hairy; leaves ovate, pointed,
ked; calyx cylindrically-clavate. 4. H. Native of Italy and Asia
pubescent, upper ones somewhat cordate ; flowers 1-4, terminal,
Minor. Flowers white. Cucùbalus mollíssimus, Lin. spec. 593. almost sessile ; calyx ovate, cylindrically clavated; petals quinque-
Very soft Catchfly. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1739. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. fid with a bifid crest. 2. H. Native of Piedmont on rocks,
230 S. PILÒSA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 411.) plant hoary, villous; also about Nice. Petals pale pink above and yellowish beneath.
stems erect, branched, clammy; leaves undulated, lower ones Heart-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 ft.
large, spatulate, upper ones lanceolate; flowers in ample tricho-
239 S. FRUTICÒSA (Lin. spec. 597.) stem shrubby at the base,
tomous panicles ; calyx cylindrically clavated ; petals 2-parted, much branched, tufted; flowering stems simple ; leaves obovate,
crowned. 4. H. Native of Italy, Hungary, and Transylvanica mucronate, dark-green, permanent, ciliated, particularly towards
by the sea-side. Cucubalus pilòsus, Willd. enum. 471. Cucù- the base ; flowers crowded, fastigiately-panicled ; calyx clavate;
balus mollissimus, Waldst. et Kit. hung. 3. t. 248. Flowers
petals deeply emarginate, obtuse, with 4-parted appendages.
white above but brownish or reddish beneath.
h. H. Native of Sicily and the island of Cyprus on rocks.
Pilose Catchfly. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1739. Pl. 1 to 12 ft. Smith, A. græc. t. 428. S. nítida, Lag. gen. et spec. p. 15.-
231 S. RE'GIA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1724.) plant clammy, pu- Bocc. sic. 48. t. 30. f. 2. Petals with greenish claws, flesh-
bescent; leaves ovate-lanceolate; flowers large, panicled ; calyx coloured on the limb above, but greenish below.
-
downy, long, tubular; petals oblanceolate, undivided, crowned Shrubby Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1629. Sh. 1 to 12 ft.
with bicuspidate appendages; stamens very long. 4. H.
2. 240 S. CÆSPITÒSA (Stev. in mem. soc. mosq. 2. p. 262.) plant
Native of North America on the Mississippi. S. Virginica, tufted, roughish; root thick, woody; stems simple, slender,
var. Illinoénsis, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 272.
p. 272. Flowers large, very leafy at the base ; leaves small, linear, acute; flowers 2-3,
dark crimson, in trichotomous panicles.
terminal; calyx clavated; petals 2-lobed, crowned ?
Royal Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1811. Pl. 2 to 5 feet.
Native of Caucasus. Petals pink.
232 S. BALDWY'NII (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 288.) plant pilose ; Turfy Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Pl. i to į ft.
leaves somewhat lanceolate ; flowers very large, in trichotomous 241 S. TOMENTÒSA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 383.)
panicles ; petals jagged, divaricating. 2. F. Native of Flo- plant very soft ; root woody, branched ; stems simple, very leafy
rida. Flowers very large, rose-coloured.
at the base, almost leafless above ; leaves fleshy, lower ones
Baldwyn's Catchfly. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
. . 3 .
large, shell-formed, upper ones linear; flowers disposed in a
233 s. MOCINIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 382.) plant rather crowded corymb; calyx cylindrically-clavated; petals 2-parted.
villous ; stem simple, erect ; leaves lanceolate ; flowers panicled ; 4. H. Native of Gibraltar on rocks. Petals pink.
calyx cylindrically clavated, very long ; petals 6-cleft, furnished Tomentose Catchfly. Pl. 3 to 2 feet.
with 2 bifid appendages. 4. F. Native of Mexico. Moc. 242 S. PLATYPE'TALA (Otth. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 383.)
et Sesse, pl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers purple.
plant pilosely-pubescent ; stem humble, very leafy at the base ;
Mocino's Catchfly. Fl. Ju. Jul.
Fi. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1827. Pl. 3 to 4 ft. leaves ciliated at the base, lower ones lanceolate-spatulate, upper
234 S. LACINIA TA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 44. t. 564.) plant pubes- ones linear-lanceolate ; flowers few, in a panicled corymb; calyx
cent; stem erect, branched ; leaves large, lanceolate, acute; clavated; petals broad-ovate, with long claws. 4. H. Native
flowers very large, terminal, rather drooping ; peduncles 1- of North America. S. Virginica, Rafinisque in litt. but not of
flowered ; calyx long, cylindrically ventricose: petals some- Lin. Flowers large, crimson.
what 4-cleft; stamens short, 4. F. Native of South Ame-
Broad-petalled Catchfly. Fl. May, Aug. Pl. į foot.
rica. Flowers crimson, with a white, 2-parted crest.
243 S. BERGE'RII (Schott. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 411.) stem
Jagged-petalled Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 3 to 4 feet.
.
simple, pilose at the base ; leaves lanceolate, also pilose ; panicle
235 S. ROTUNDIFÒLIA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 288.) stems corymbose, few-flowered; calyx clavate, hispid ; petals obcor-
decumbent, pilose ; leaves broad-oval, stalked, ciliated; flowers date, crowned. 4 ? H. Native of Italy. Flowers red ?
few, panicled; calyx angular, cylindrically-clavated; petals jagged, Berger's Catchfly. Pl. 1 foot.
somewhat 4-cleft, crowned. 4. H. Native of North America 244 S. POLYGONOÌDES (Pers. ench. 1. p. 500.) plant pilose;
on the banks of the Ohio and Tenessee. Petals scarlet.
root thick ; stems procumbent, branched; leaves small, lower
Round-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. decumbent. ones lanceolate, upper ones elliptical, acute ; flowers sessile, in
236 S. ADSCE'NDENS (Lag. gen. amer. 15.) plant villous, corymbs; calyx cylindrical ; petals emarginate, naked ? 2.
clammy ; leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, ciliated; peduncles H. Native of the island of Naxia. Cucùbalus polygonoides,
1-flowered, fruit-bearing ones spreading; calyx oblong, cla- Willd. spec. pl. 2. p. 690. Flowers white, with a purple circle
vated, circularly reflexed at the base ; petals bifid. O. H. in the centre. Leaves like those of Thymus serpyllium.
Native of Spain. Flowers red.
Polygonum-like Catchfly. Pl. trailing.
2. H.
a

414
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VI. SILENE. VII. VISCARIA.
7.H.
is
very like S. Armèria, but easily distinguished by its entire
** Annual or biennial.
petals.
245 S. ORCHIDEA (Lin. fil. suppl. 241.) plant clammy; stem Compact-flowered Catchfly. Fl. July. Clt. 1810. Pl. 1į ft.
branched, pubescent; leaves ovate, ciliated, lower ones on short 253 S. PERFOLIA'TA (Otth, mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 384.)
footstalks ; flowers in dense corymbs; calyx long clavated ; plant very smooth, glaucous ; stems slender, filiform, almost
petals deeply 2-lobed, furnished with a lobe on each side at the simple ; leaves roundish, perfoliate ; flowers in capitate corymbs,
base, crowned with bifid entire appendages. O. H. Native of with a 1-leaved concave involucrum, which is larger than the
the Levant and the Grecian Islands. Smith, fl. græc. t. 427. leaves; calyx rather inflated, oblong; petals small.
Calyx and petals rose-coloured. The petals have the appear- Native of the Levant. Cucubalus chlorafolius, Poir. dict. 2.
ance of the labellum of some species of Orchis. The S. Atòcion p. 416. Flowers red?
of Murr. p. 413. no. 203. has been considered by many botanists Perfoliate Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. 14 foot.
identical with this species, but it is truly distinct. It ought, 254 S. UNDULATIFÒLIA (Mor. ex Spreng. syst. append. p.
however, to have been placed in the present section.
182.) stem erect, glabrous; leaves spatulate, oblong, obtuse,
Orchis-like-petalled Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1781. waved, smooth; flowers in terminal fascicles; calyx smooth,
; ;
Pl. Į to 1 foot.
coloured ; petals 2-lobed. O. H. Native of Sardinia. Flowers
2Ã6 S. PSEUDO-ATO'CION (Desf. atl. 1. p. 353.) plant clammy;
red.
stem much branched ; leaves glabrous, lower ones obovate- Wavy-leaved Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
spatulate ; flowers in lax corymbs; calyx long clavated; petals 255 S. FÆTIDA (Link. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 406.) stem
very entire, linear, crowned. O. H. Native of the north of erect, nearly simple, villous, clammy; leaves ovate, acute, also
Africa. Petals rose-coloured.
villous and clammy; flowers tern, terminal, peduncled, erect;
False-Atocion Catchfly. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. Pl. I to ft. calyx cylindrical. f. H. Native of Portugal. This plant
247 S. CRI'SPA (Poir. dict. 7. p. 162.) root slender; stem ought perhaps to be placed in section Siphonomórpha,
erect, almost simple, hairy ; leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, with Foetid Catchfly. Pl. 1 foot ?
curied spinulose margins ; flowers solitary, disposed in close + A plant belonging to section Behenantha, which ought to
bundles; calyx long, clavated ; petals bifid. O. H. Native of
O. H. Native of follow S. angustifolia, no. 29, p. 400.
Barbary Flowers pink?
256 S. DOUGLA'SII (Hook. f. bor. amer. p. 88.) pubescent;
Curled-leaved Catchfly. Fl. July, Sept. Pl. 1 foot.
stems erect, flexuous, slender ; leaves remote, long, linear ;
248 S. ARME'RIA (Lin. spec. 601.) plant quite smooth, glau- flowers panicled; calyx obovate, at length inflated, striated,
cous; stem branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather cordate at pubescent; petals bifid. 21. H. Native of North America
the base ; flowers in corymbose panicles; calyx long, clavated; above the grand rapids of the Columbia, and on the western
petals obcordate, crowned. O. H. Native of France and declivity of the Rocky Mountains. Flowers white.
Switzerland. In England in fields, or on banks, or on old walls, Douglas's Catchfly. Pl. 1 foot.
a doubtful native. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1398. Fl. dan. t. 559. Cult. The few green-house kinds of this genus thrive well
Cucubalus fasciculatus, Lam. Flowers pink.
in a rich light soil, and young cuttings of the shrubby species,
Var. B, álba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 384.) flowers white.
planted under a hand-glass, strike root readily. The hardy her-
Sweet-William or Lobel's Catchfly. Fl. July, Sep. Pl. 1 to baceous kinds only require to be planted in the open border, but
13 foot.
the dwarfer species are well adapted for rock-work. Some of
249 S. LERCHENFELDIA'NA (Baumg, stirp. trans. 1. p. 398.) them will not live long unless kept in pots, as alpines, that they
glabrous; stem filiform, decumbent ; leaves oblong or linear- may be sheltered with ease in the winter, particularly Silène
lanceolate, cauline ones ovate-lanceolate, quite smooth, rather cordifolia perfoliàta, Catesbæ'a, Virgínica, acaulis, quadriden-
crenulated; panicle simple, corymbose, few-flowered ; petals tàta, rupéstris, glaucifolia, règia, pumalio, pusálla, Pennsylvá-
emarginate, crowned. ŌH. Native of Transylvania on the nica, &c.; these may be grown in a mixture of loam and peat,
Alps. Flowers red?
as well as those marked frame. The seeds of the hardy annual
Lerchenfeld's Catchfly. Pl. decumbent.
and biennial kinds only require to be sown in the beginning of
250 S. SIEGE'RI (Baugm. stirp. trans. 1. p. 400.) stem April where they are intended to remain. All the species may
erect, simple, furrowed ; radical leaves numerous, oblong-lan- be easily increased by seeds, but all the truly perennial kinds
ceolate, channelled, stalked; cauline leaves 2, linear; flowers are easier increased by dividing the plants at the root in spring.
terminal, solitary, or 2-3 in an umbel ; calyx clavated, campa-
The sections Nanosilène, Siphonomórpha, Rupifraga, and Atòcion,
nulate ; petals obcordate, crowned ? O?HNative of Tran- contain the most elegant species.
sylvania on the Alps about Rodno. Flowers pink?
Sieger's Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. I to 1 foot.
251 S. CONGE'STA (Sibth. and Smith, prod. A. græc. p. 300.) VII. VISCA'RIA (from viscus, bird-lime; because the stems
plant pubescent ; stem rather branched, nakedish, rather clammy of the plants are covered with clammy gluten.) Roehler.
near the top ; leaves obovate, obtuse, green, stalked, crowded at
LIN. SYST.
Decándria, Pentagynia. Calyx cylindrical,
the base of the stem; flowers disposed in dense tufted corymbs; clavated at the apex, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguiculated,
calyx very long, clavated; petals 2-parted, naked.
O. H.
with scales in the throat. Stamens 10. Styles naturally 5.
Native of the Pyrenees and Greece. Flowers greenish.
Capsule 5-celled. Anthophorum long. Evergreen tufted plants,
Crowded-flowered Catchfly. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1818. Pl. with glassy leaves, and long clustered or corymbose racemes
1 to 11 foot.
of red or white flowers.
252 S. COMPACTA (Fisch. in Horn. hafn. 1. p. 417.) plant 1 V. vulgA'RIS (Roehl.) stem viscid about the joints ; petals
glabrous, glaucous ; stem erect, branched ; leaves ovate-cordate, slightly cloven ; leaves linear-lanceolate, fringed at the base.
sessile, with 2 large ones like an involucre near the corymb, ap- 4. H. Native throughout the whole of the north of Europe
pearing as if they were connate ; bracteas narrow, shorter than the in dry meadows and in fissures of rocks. In Britain on Arthur's
pedicels ; flowers crowded into densé corymbs; calyx very long, seat, and on rocks by the hermitage a mile south of Edinburgh ;
clavated ; petals oboval, entire, crowned. 3. H. Native of Rus- on the sides of Craig Wreidhin, Montgomeryshire, &c. Lychnis
sia. S. Armèria, Bieb. Al. taur. no. 837. Flowers pink. This viscària, Lin. spec. 625. Smith, engl. bot. 788. Fl. dan. t.
a
a
7
а.

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. VII. VISCARIA. VIII. LYCHNIS.
415
a
4. H.
1032.—Clus. hist. 1. p. 289. f. 2. Flowers rose-coloured, , Var.
y, albiflora ; flowers single, white. White Lychnis.
scentless, disposed in a crowded clustered raceme. Calyx purplish. Var. d, álbo-plèna; flowers double, white. Double White Lychnis.
Var. B, flòre-plèno; flowers double. This plant is very com- This most shewy plant is called Scarlet Lychnis in England.
mon in rustic gardens, where it is called Double Catchfly. It is a Croix de Malthe in France and Portugal; Croce de Cavaliere in
very ornamental plant.
Italy ; Croix de Jerusalem in Spain.
Common Red German Catchfly, or Rock Lychnis. Fl. May, Chalcedonian or Scarlet Lychnis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1596.
June. Britain. Pl. 1 to 14 foot.
Pl. 11 to 3 feet.
2 V. NEGLE'CTA (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 186.) stem 2 L. Flos-Jo'VIS (Lin. spec. 625.) plant white from tomen-
not clammy; petals entire ; leaves lanceolate, linear, ciliated at tum; flowers in umbellate heads; calyx cylindrical, clavated,
the base.
Native of ? Lychnis viscària albiflòra, Hort. ribbed ; petals 2-lobed ; anthophorum short, thick ; leaves lan-
Flowers white. An elegant plant.
ceolate, clasping the stem, silky-tomentose. 21. H. Native
Neglected Rock Lychnis. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Pl. 1 foot. of Switzerland and Piedmont on dry rocks. Curt. bot. mag.
3 V. ALPI'NA ; smooth, not viscid ; petals cloven ; flowers 390.--Mor. hist. 2. p. 540. sect. 5. t. 36. f. 2. Peduncles short,
densely corymbose ; leaves linear-lanceolate, naked at the base. rather branched. Flowers purple or scarlet.
24. H. Native of several parts in the north of Europe, Lapland, Var. B, ramòsa (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 385.) flowers
Denmark, &c. also said to grow on the Pyrenees. In Scotland, in panicled corymbs. 2. H. Native of Savoy on mount Bre-
near the summits of the Clova Mountains, in Angus-shire. son. Flowers red.
Lychnis alpina, Lin. spec. 626. Smith, engl. bot. 2254. Fl. dan. Flower of Jove or Umbellate Lychnis. Fl. July. Clt. 1726.
62. Flowers crowded into a dense tuft at the top of the stems, Pl. 14 foot.
of a bright rose-colour, tetragynous in the American plant. 3 L. GRANDIFLORA (Jacq. coll. 1. p. 149. pl. rar. t. 84.)
Alpine Red Campion or Rock Lychnis. Fl. June, July, Scot- plant glabrous ; flowers solitary or tern, terminal and axillary;
land. Pl. foot.
calyx terete, clavated, ribbed ; petals lacerated; anthophorum
4 V. HELVETICA (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. 186.) smooth, very long ; leaves ovate, almost sessile. 2. G. Native of
not viscid ; leaves lanceolate, naked at the base ; petals cloven China and Japan.
China and Japan. Lychnis coronata, Thunb. jap. 187. Delaun.
.
to the middle, acute; calyx ventricose; flowers crowded herb. amat. t. 25. Curt. bot. mag. 223. Flowers large, beau-
into a convex umbel ; anthophorum long. 4. H. Native of tiful scarlet, pale beneath.
Switzerland on the Alps. Lychnis alpina, Sims, bot. mag. 394. Var. B, tetrapétala (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 386.)
Flowers beautiful rose-coloured; petals crowned with small calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4.
protuberances rather than teeth; this is said to be the case in Great-flowered Lychnis. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1774. Pl. 1
V. alpina. Hall. hist. 1. p. 400. t. 17. There are several to 11 foot.
species under the name of Lychnis alpina in the gardens. The 4 L. FU'LGENS (Fisch. in Sims, bot. mag. t. 2104.) plant
one so named in the Botanical Magazine is a biennial plant. hairy; flowers in fastigiate corymbs ; calyx terete, clavated,
Swiss Red Campion or Rock Lychnis. Fl. June, July. Clt. woolly ; petals 4-cleft, outer segments awl-shaped; anthophorum
1810. Pl. ? fuot.
short; leaves ovate, hairy. 4. H. Native of Siberia. Ker,
5 V. MAGELLA'NICA ; plant rather villous, tufted ; leaves bot. reg. 478. Rchb. icon. t. 5. Flowers large, beautiful, of
linear, acute; flowers in terminal fascicles; petals emarginate, a vermilion colour.
with a tooth on each side at the base ? equalling the campanulate Fulgent Lychnis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 to 2
calyx in length. 2. F. Native of the Straits of Magellan. foot.
Lychnis Magellánica, Lam. dict. 3. p. 641. .
5 L. CÆ'LI-RO'SA (Desrouss. in Lam. dict. 3. p. 644.) plant
Magellan Rock Lynchis. Pl. I foot.
glabrous ; stem dichotomously panicled, erect ; flowers solitary,
Cult. Pretty plants, well adapted for rock-work, or the terminal ; calyx clavated, with 10 ribs ; lobes very acute; petals
front of flower-borders. They thrive best in light sandy soil. lobed; leaves linear, acute; anthophorum long. O.H. Native
V. alpina and V. Helvética grow well in pots as alpines. They of Sicily, Barbary, and the Levant, in corn-fields, &c. Agro-
are all increased by dividing the plants at the root, this should stémma coe'li-ròsa, Lin. spec. 624. Curt. bot. mag. 295.-Moris,
.
be done three times in the course of the summer, for when they hist. sect. 5. t. 2. f. 32. Flowers flesh-coloured.
become large and matted they are apt to be destroyed by a Var, a, pusilla (Poir. suppl. 3. p.537.) stem much branched
kind of
green
insect.
at the base ; leaves linear, acute, almost glabrous. O. H.
Native of Spain by the sea shore.
Var. B, lævis (Poir. I. c.) stem angular, erect ; leaves smooth.
VIII. LY'CHNIS (from Auxvos, lychnos, a link or lamp;
O. H.
probably in allusion to the brilliancy of the flowers of most of the Var. y, áspera (Poir. I. c.) stem almost round ; leaves narrow,
species.) Lin. gen. no. 231. D. c. fl. fr. 4. p. 761.
fi.
rough ; angles of the calyx rough, serrulated. O. H.
Decándria, Pentagynia. Calyx cylindrical, Var. d, diffùsa (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 122.) stem flexuous,
clavated, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, unguiculate, crowned decumbent. O. H.
with scales at the throat. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1- Rose of heaven or smooth Lychnis. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. +
celled. Anthophorum long or short. Smooth, hairy, or woolly 1713. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
herbs, with terminal corymbs of flowers rarely solitary.
Cult. All the species of this genus are deserving of culti-
1 L. CHALCEDO'NICĂ (Lin. spec. 625.) plant smoothish, vation for the brilliancy of their blossoms. The Lychnis Chalce-
clammy; flowers corymbose, in bundles; calyx cylindrical, cla- dónica or scarlet lychnis, is an old and much esteemed border-
vated, ribbed; petals 2-lobed ; anthophorum long; leaves lan- flower, the double varieties of which require some care to
ceolate, rather cordate at the base, and rather pilose, clasping the prevent them from returning to a single state, and to propagate
stem. 4. H. Native of Siberia about Barnaoul and in Japan. them by cuttings. L. fúlgens and grandiflora are truly elegant
Curt. bot. mag. 257.—Clus. hist. 1. p. 192. f. 1. Flowers either plants, these may be also increased by cuttings. They all thrive
scarlet, rose-coloured, or white.
best in light rich loamy soil, but they must often be taken up
Var. B, flòre-plèno ; flowers double, scarlet. Double scarlet and divided or they dwindle away; the best time to do this is
Lychnis.
early in spring. L. grandiflora will thrive well and flower
1
LIN. SYST.

416
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. IX. AGROSTEMMA.
Var.
A
abundantly if planted out in the open border in spring; but it and under hedges, frequent. L. diúrna, Sibth. oxon. 145. L.
requires to be taken up in the autumn and potted, or the frost dioíca a, Lin. spec. 626. L. dioíca fòre-rùbro, Smith, engl.
will kill it. All the species may be reared by cuttings, planted bot. 1579. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 32. Flower scentless, rose-
under a hand-glass, or by seeds, which generally ripen in abund- coloured or purple. Petals crowned with 4 teeth. Calyx inflated.
ance. The L. coli-rosa is an elegant hardy annual plant, Var. B, flòre-plèno; flowers double, red. 2. H. Cultivated
the seeds of which only require to be sown in the open border in gardens, where it is called Bachelors' buttons.
in spring
Var. 7, pygmæ'a (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 386.) small;
,
leaves rather imbricated; stems bearing only 1 or 2 flowers.
IX. AGROSTE'MMA (from aypos, agros, a field, and στέμμα, 4. H. Native on Mount Margazola. Flowers red.
stemma, a crown; alluding to the beauty of the flowers, which Wild Red-campion. Fl. May, June. Britain. Pl. a 1 to 2
were formerly made into crowns or garlands). Lin. gen. no. 231. feet; ß 1 and y { foot.
Υ
Lin. syst. Decandria, Pentagynia. Calyx egg-shaped or
SYST
5 L, DIOCA (Lin. spec. 626. var. ß. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 762.
campanulate, with 5 short teeth. Petals 5, unguiculate, crowned. under Lychnis,) hairy and viscid ; flowers dichotomously-pani-
Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled. Anthophorum very cled, dioecious; petals cloven ; lobes broad, approximating ;
short, or wanting. Evergreen plants with broadish leaves and 1- capsules conical, with erect' teeth ; leaves ovate. 4. H. Na
flowered peduncles.
tive throughout the whole of Europe in fields, hedges, and by
1 A. APEʼTALA (Lin. spec. 626. under Lychnis,) stem straight, way-sides ; plentiful in Britain. L. vespertina, Sibth. oxon. 146.
1-flowered ; flower nodding ; calyx inflated, bladdery, striated, L. álba, Mill. dict, no. 4. L. dioíca flòre-álbo. Smith, engl. bot.
hairy ; petals shorter than the calyx ; anthophorum very short ;
t. 1580. Fl. dan. t. 792.
Fl. dan. t. 792. Flowers white, sweet-scented in the
leaves linear, lower ones spatulate. 4. H. Native of the alps evening. Petals crowned with 4 teeth. Calyx inflated.
of Lapland and Siberia. Lin. fl. lap. t. 12. f. 1. There are Var. f, múltiplex (D. C. prod. 1. p. 386.) flowers white,
numerous varieties of this plant, but probably as many distinct double, sweet-scented in the evening.
double, sweet-scented in the evening. 4. H. Cultivated in
species.
gardens, but rare.
a, hortensis (Cham. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 43.) stem Var. Y, ròsea; flowers blush-coloured, often with stamens
simple, 2 feet high, 1-flowered, pubescent ; flower nodding. and pistils together. Bearing white and red flowers on the
Var. B, pauciflòra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 386.) stem bearing 1-2 same plant when transplanted. 4. H. Native of Britain in
or 3 flowers; petals hardly longer than the calyx. L. uniflòra hedges and fields, but rare.
and pauciflora, Fisch. in litt. L. brachypétala, Cat. hort. berl. Var. d, viridiflora (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 386.) flowers
ex Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 51. Petals white.
double, with green petals.
Var. Y, gentianoìdes (Cham. 1. c.) stem di-trichotomous, 8 Dioecious Rose-campion. Fl. June, Sept. Brit. Pl. 2 to
inches high, smooth, one of the stems bearing 7 flowers the other 3 feet.
4 flowers. Native of Eschscholtz Bay.
6 A. DECLĪNIS (Lag. gen, et spec. 15. under Lychnis,) plant
Var. d, genuina (Cham. 1. c.) pubescent, but when in fruit pilose ; stems tufted, dichotomous, leafy; flowers dioecious, on
smooth, or a little pubescent. 4. H. Native of Europe. long pedicels, terminal and axillary ; calyx terete, striped ; fruc-
Var. £, mollis (Cham. l. c.) plant densely tufted, 9 inches
ε
tiferous ones rather globose, teeth small; petals emarginate ;
long and trailing, glaucous, and of a more soft habit than the stamens not protruding ; leaves and bracteas ovate-lanceolate
other varieties; calyx more inflated; young leaves ciliated, but anthophorum none. 4. H. Native of Spain in the province
smooth in other respects. Native of?
of Valentia. Agrostémma dioica, L. Duf. in litt. Flowers
Var. 5, macrocéphala (Cham. 1.c. p. 44.) root woody, with white or red.
numerous stems rising from it, forming a dense tuft; leaves Declining Rose-campion. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 1į foot.
narrower than in the preceding, pubescent; stems 3-4 inches 7 A. LÆTA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 118. ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 134.
.
high ; flowers deep red. Native of the island of St. Lawrence. under Lychnis,) flowers solitary; calyxes with 10 ribs; petals bifid;
Two species are described by Ledebour in the Petersburg leaves linear-lanceolate, rather ciliated. O. H. Native of Por-
Transactions. L. pauciflora and uniflora, which do not appear tugal in bogs and moist meadows, particularly about Coimbra.
to differ from some of the above varieties.
L. palustris, Brot. A. lus. 2. p. 221. phyt. lus. fasc. 1. A pretty
Apetalous Rose-campion. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1810 ; ß 1817. little plant with rose-coloured flowers.
;
Pl. į to 11 foot.
Joyful Rose-campion. Fl. July. Clt. 1778. Pl. I to į ft.
2 A. INVOLUCRA'TA ; plant smooth at the base and pubescent 8 A. CÓRSICA (Lois. not. 73. under Lychnis,) stem erectish,
at the apex ;
; radical leaves linear; stems filiform, 1-flowered; branched, somewhat dichotomous; peduncles elongated, 1-
with some narrow elongated leaves in the middle and some flowered ; petals oblong, somewhat emarginated; leaves linear-
smaller ones approximating the flower in the form of an in- lanceolate, glabrous. 2. H. Native of Corsica. Perhaps
volucre ; petals longer than the calyx; calyx bladdery.
distinct from L. læta. A beautiful little plant with red flowers.
Native of? Lýchnis brachypétala, var. involucràta, Cham. 1. c. Corsican Rose-campion. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. į ft.
Involucrate Rose-campion. Pl. 2 foot.
9 A. Niva'lis (Kit. in litt. under Lýchnis. Spreng. syst. 2.
3 A. VARIEGATA (Desf. cor. Tourn. 74. t. 56. under Lýchnis) p. 421.) smooth ; radical leaves oblong, ciliated, tapering into
plant glabrous; flowers terminal ; calyx inflated; petals emar- the petiole; scape 1-flowered; bracteas linear, elongated, ci-
ginate, variegated; stamens protruding; leaves roundish, fleshy, liated ; calyx campanulate, equal, obtusely-toothed; petals
glaucous; footstalks connate at the base, 4. H. Native on large, lobed, crowned in the throat. 4. H. Native of the Carpa-
Mount Ida. Flowers variegated.
thian mountains.
Variegated-flowered Rose-campion. Pl. į foot.
Snow Rose-campion. Pl. | foot.
4 L, SYLVESTRIS (Hop. cent. exs. 3. no. 33. D. C. fl. fr. 4. 10 A. SIBIRICA (Lin. spec. 626. under Lychnis,) stems tufted;
p.763. under Lychnis,) hairy and viscid ; flowers dichotomously- flowers in dichotomous bundles and solitary in the forks of the
panicled, generally dioecious ; petals cloven ; lobes narrow, di- stem on long stalks ; calyx campanulately-globose ; lobes very
verging; capsules roundish, with recurved teeth ; leaves ovate short, obtuse ; petals bifid ; anthophorum none ; leaves linear,
or lanceolate. 4. H. Native almost throughout the whole of and are as well as stems hairy. 4. H. Native of Siberia.
Europe in humid shady places. In Britain in moist shady places Stature of Silène rupéstris. Flowers pink.
3
2
4. H.

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. IX. AGROSTEMMA. X. GITHAGO. XI. VELEZIA.
417
Var.
Siberian Rose-campion. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl.
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. the Alps. Curt. bot. mag. t. 24.
the Alps. Curt. bot. mag. t. 24. Lychnis coronaria, Lam. dict.
1 to ] foot.
3. p. 643.-Knor. del. 1. t. R. 20. Flowers white, with the
11 A. PYRENA'Ica (Berg. fl. bass. pyren. 2. p. 264. under middle red.
Lychnis,) glabrous; stems tufted, diffuse ; flowers in dichoto- Var. B, rùbra; flowers single, red. In gardens.
mous bundles, with a single flower in each fork, which stands on
7
álba ; flowers single, white. In gardens.
a long peduncle ; calyx campanulate, lobes short ; petals rather Var. d, plèna ; flowers double, red. In gardens.
emarginate, appendiculate; leaves leathery, radical ones spatu- Crowned or Common Rose-campion. Fl. July, Sept. Clt.
late, on long footstalks, cauline ones cordate, sessile. 2. H. 1596. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Native of the Pyrenees on rocks. D. C. icon. fl. gall. rar, fasc.
2. ined. L. nummulària, Lapeyr. abr. p. 263.
263. Flowers red or
A species not sufficiently known.
white.
Pyrenean Rose-campion. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1
18 A. LUSITA’NICA (Mill. dict. no. 8. under Lychnis,) stem
to foot.
erect ; calyx striated, acute; petals dissected. 2. H. Native
12 A. TRIFLÓRA (Sommerfelt, in mag. natur. ann. 1824. cah.
of Portugal.
1. p. 151. under Lychnis,) stem 3-flowered ; peduncles and calyx
.
!;
Portugal Rose-campion. Pl. 1 foot.
clothed with viscid down; stem erect, very short, pubescent;
Cult. Some of the species of Agrostémma are very orna-
leaves densely-pubescent, radical ones crowded, lanceolate,
mental, and well adapted for flower-borders. They will all
acutish, entire, ciliated, with a pair of cauline ones hardly an
grow freely in any common garden-soil. The perennial species
inch from the root; bracteas 6, opposite by twos, approximating
are either increased by dividing at the root or by seed. The
the flowers in the manner of an involucrum; calyx ventricose; seeds of the annual species require only to be sown in the open
petals emarginate, longer than the calyx. 4. H. Native of
border where they are intended to remain.
Greenland. Flowers erect, white, 2 lateral ones on short pedi-
cels, middle one on a long one. Stigmas pubescent.
X. GITHAGO (from gith or git, a black aromatic seed,
Three-flowered Rose-campion. Pl. I to ] foot.
13 A. PU’LCHRA ; herbaceous, canescent, viscidly-pubescent ;
which was employed in the kitchens of the Romans. The seeds
of the Nigella satīva, which those of Githàgo much resemble.
stem erect, few-flowered ; leaves lanceolate, acute, lower ones
Ago in botany, when it terminates a word, usually signifies
tapering into the petiole, upper ones sessile, half-stem-clasping ; resemblance with the word that precedes it, as gith and ago,
flowers large, on long peduncles, like those of A. sylvestris
, resembling gith). Desf. cat. 159.
p. 416. no. 4. but nearly twice the size, and red; calyx tubular, Lychnis, spec. Lam.
Agrostémma, spec. Lin.
.
10 lines long, 10-striped, 5-toothed ; teeth broad, with pellucid
LIN. SYST.
Decandria, Pentagynia. Calyx campanulate,
margins, and with a green nerve running through the middle ;
coriaceous, with 5 long, leafy segments. Petals 5, unguiculate,
petals quadrifid, lateral segments smallest. 4. F: Native of undivided, naked. Stamens 10. Styles 5.
Mexico at the bottom of mount Oriziba. Lýchnis pulchra,
Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule l-celled,
5-valved. Anthophorum wanting. Upright annual plants,
.
Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa 5. p. 334.
5
with largish red or white flowers, and long leafy calycine teeth.
Fair Rose-campion. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. .
14 A. FIMBRIATA ; stem erect, nearly simple, panicled at
1 G. SE'GETUM (Desf. cat. p. 159.) plant hairy; stem dicho-
tomous; flowers on long stalks ; leaves linear; calyx equal in
the top, pubescent; leaves ovate, acuminated, 3-5-nerved ; calyx length to the corolla.
,
O. H. Native among corn in all parts
inflated ; petals fringed. 4. H. Native of Kamoon in the
East Indies. Lychnis fimbriata, Wall. mss.
of Europe, and North America around Quebec; plentiful in
Flowers white ?
Britain. Agrostémma Githàgo, Lin. spec. 624. Smith, engl.
Like Silène inflàta. This plant comes near to A. apétala, p. bot. 741. Curt. lond. fasc. 3. t. 27. Martyn, rust. t. 105.
416. no. 1.
Fl. dan. 576. Drevers bilderb. t. 22. Lychnis Githàgo, Lam.
Fringed-petalled Rose-campion. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. .
dict. 3. p. 643.-Fusch. hist. 127. icone.
Flowers purple,
15 Ă. INFLA’TA ; erect, pubescent; leaves ovate, acute, lower
with bluish streaks. This is a very troublesome weed in corn-
.
ones stalked, upper ones sessile ; stem 1-flowered; flower nod-
fields: it should be eradicated by hand before flowering.
ding ; calyx much inflated, not much shorter than the petals.
Corn-cockle. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
4. H. Ñative of Kamoon in the East Indies. Lýchnis inflàta,
2 G. NICÆe'nsis ; plant hairy; stem dichotomous ; flowers
This plant comes near to A. sylvestris, p. 416.
on long peduncles ; calyx longer than the corolla. O. H.
no. 4.
Native in fields about Nice. Lychnis Nicæénsis, Willd. spec.
2.
Inflated-calyxed Rose-campion. Pl. 1 foot.
p. 805. Agrostémma Nicæénsis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 519. Flowers
,
16 A. Flós-cu'cuLI (Lin. under Lychnis,) stems ascending;
p
white, sometimes streaked with red.
smoothish ; flowers in dichotomous bundles ; calyx campanulate,
;
;
Nice Corn-cockle. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1794, Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
with 10 ribs; petals torn, appendiculate. 4. H. Native of
Cult. The seeds of these plants only require to be sown in
Europe in moist meadows and bogs, plentiful in Britain.
Lam. ill. t. 391. Smith, engl. bot. 573. Curt. lond. fasc. 1.
the open border in spring in patches. The plants are very
elegant when in flower.
t. 33. Oed. fl. dan. t. 590. Flowers scentless, rose-coloured.
Var. B, albiflora; flowers white.
Var. ), flòre-plèno; flowers double, rose-coloured. Culti- XI. VELE`ZIA (in honour of Franc. Velez, a Spaniard,
vated sometimes in gardens.
author of a small book on Cúbebes). Lin. gen. no. 448.
no. 448. Gært.
Cuckoo-flower or Ragged-robin. Fl. June. Britain. Pl. 1 fruct. 2. t. 129. f. 12. D. C. prod. 1. p. 387.
to 17 foot.
Lin. syst. Decándria, Digynia. Calyx tubular (f. 79. b.),
LINSYST.
11 A. CORONA'RIA (Lin. spec. 625.) plant woolly; stems 5-toothed. Petals 5, short, with filiform claws (f. 79. d.), beard-
dichotomous; peduncles elongated, 1-flowered; calyx some- ed in the throat (f. 79. c.), and with an emarginate border. Sta-
what campanulate, ribbed; petals emarginate, crowned, serrated; mens 10 (f. 79. e.). Styles 2 (f. 79. g.). Capsules 1-celled,
leaves lanceolate, very broad, leathery. 7 H. Native of long, cylindrical (f. 79. i.).
Native of long, cylindrical (f. 79.1.). Seed imbricate. Slender prostrate
Italy, Switzerland, and Tauria, by the sides of woods on herbs with narrow leaves and long calyxes, like the pink.
VOL. I. PART. V.
3 H
Wall. mss.

418
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XI. VELEZIA. XII. DryPIS. XIII. VIVIANIA. XIV. ORTEGIA.
a
-
1 V. RIGIDA(Lin. spec.
FIG. 79.
covered with simple down. Flowers disposed in terminal, co-
474.) calyx filiform, pu-
rymbose panicles, they are either white or red.
bescent; petals bifid. O.
1 V. GRANDIFLORA; leaves grey and glandular beneath with
H. Native of the South
prominent veins; branches pubescent; peduncles shorter than
of France and in many
the leaves. ħ. G. Native of Chili near Santiago. Macræ'a
other parts of the south
grandiflòra, Lindl. 1. c. Hook. bot. misc. pt. 2. p. 175. Flowers
.
of Europe and north of
white or red.
Africa, also the Grecian
Great-flowered Viviania. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
islands, in corn-fields.
2 V. PARVIFLORA; leaves white and glandular beneath, with
Smith, fl.
græc. 390.-
obscure veins ; branches cobwebbed; peduncles shorter than
Bocc. mus. 2. p. 50. t.
the leaves. h. G. Native of Chili with the last. Macræ'a
45.-Buxb. cent. 2. p.
parviflora. Lindl. 1. c. Hook, bot. misc. pt. 2. p. 176. Flowers
41. t. 47.-J. Bauh.
white.
hist. 3. p. 352. icon. Corolla small, with a rose-coloured border. Small-flowered Viviania. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Stem much branched, prostrate.
3 V. MARIPO'LIA (Cav. anal. de cien. 7. p. 212. t. 49.) leaves
Rigid Velezia. Fl. July. Clt. 1683. Pl. prostrate. distant, white, and glandless beneath ; branches pubescent;
2 V. QUADRIDENTA'TA (Sibth. and Smith. Al. græc. t. 391.) peduncles elongated. h. G. Native of Chili on the Andes
(.
calyx long, clavated, smooth ; petals 4-toothed. O. H. Na- at the pass of Cumbre. Macræ'a rosea, Lindl. 1. c. Hook, bot.
tive of Asia Minor. V. clavata, D'Urv. enum. pl. archip. 28. misc. pt. 2. p. 176. t. 50. Flowers rose-coloured.
no. 234. Petals rose-coloured.
Marum-leaved Viviania. Fl. Nov. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Four-toothed-petalled Velezia. F1. Ju. Jul. Pl. 1 to foot. 4 V. CRENA'TA ; leaves deeply-crenate, with reflexed margins,
Cult. Beautiful little plants, only requiring to be sown in
whitish-tomentose beneath; flowers sub-corymbose; petals
the
open border in spring, where they will flower and seed freely. white. h.G. Native of Chili on the Andes near La Guardia,
A dry sandy soil suits them best.
at the height of 5000 feet. Macræ'a crenata, Hook. bot. misc.
2. p. 177.
XII. DRY'PIS (from Spuitw, drypto, to tear, on account of Crenate-leaved Viviania. Pl. 1 foot.
the leaves being armed with stiff spines). Lin. gen. no. 519. Cult. The species of this genus are very ornamental, but
Gært. fruct. 2. t. 28. f. 12. D. C. prod. 1. p.
. 388.
none of them have been introduced to the gardens. A mixture
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Trigynia. Calyx tubular, 5-toothed. of loam and sand will no doubt suit them, and the plants may
Petals 5, unguiculate, with a 2-parted limb, and furnished each be either increased by young cuttings under a hand-glass, or by
with a bifid appendage in the throat. Stamens 5. Styles 3. seeds.
Capsules 1-celled, cut, round, 1-seeded from abortion. An
evergreen furze-like plant, with fastigiate corymbs of small,
TRIBE II.
pale-blue flowers.
Alsi'NEÆ (plants agreeing with Alsine in having
1 D. SPINÒSA (Lin. spec. 390.) K.H. Native of Maurita-
the calyx cleft to the base) D. C. f. fr. 4. p. 166. prod. 1.
nia, Italy, and Istria. Jacq. vind. t. 49. Sims, bot. mag.
p. 388. Sepals of calyx 4 or 5, free, or hardly connected at
the base.
2216.-Moris. hist. 3. p. 161. sect. 7. t. 32. f. 8.-Lob. icon.
789. Tabern, icon. 144. Stems at first procumbent, 4-sided,
flowering stems erect. Leaves stiff, awl-shaped, somewhat XIV.? ORTEGIA (in honour of Casimir Gomez de Ortega,
trigonal, mucronated. Bracteas with 3 teeth on each side. a Spanish botanist, once professor of botany at Madrid). Lin.
Flowers corymbose, pale-blue. A beautiful plant, when in gen. no. 33. Gært. fruct. 2. t. 129. f. 8. D. C. prod. 1. . p. 388.
flower.
LIN. SYST.
Triándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
Spinose Drypis. Fl. June, Aug. Cit. 1775. Shrub ı foot. rolla wanting. Stamens 3 ; anthers cordate. Style 1. Stigma
Cult. This pretty little plant is admirably adapted for orna- capitate. Capsules 1-celled, 3-valved. Seeds fixed to the
menting rock-work; in this situation it becomes suffruticose, and bottom of the capsule.—The leaves are furnished with a small
produces an innumerable quantity of flowers. It
It may be either black gland on each side at the base. Inconspicuous, weed-like
increased by cụttings planted in sand under a hand-glass, or by plants.
seeds, which should be sown in a pot filled with an equal mix- 1 O. HISPA'NICA (Lin. spec. 49.) stems dichotomous, pedun-
ture of loam, sand, and peat, and when the plants become of cles short; flowers dichotomously-corymbose. 4. H. Native
·sufficient size they should be separated and planted on the top of Spain in the provinces of Castile and Salamanca. Flowers
of rock-work, taking care to water them until they have emitted greenish-grey.
fresh fibres.
Spanish Ortegia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1768. Pl. 1 foot.
2 0. DICHOTOMA (Lin. mant. 174.) stems dichotomous; pe-
XIII. VIVIA'NIA (in honour of Dom. Viviani, M.D. a duncles elongated ; flowers dichotomously-panicled.
professor and botanist of Genoa, author of Annali di Botanica, Native of Piedmont and Spain. 0. Hispánica, Cav. icon. 1.
2 vols. 8vo. Genoa. 1802 and 1804, &c.). Cav. anal. de
p p. 47. All. ped. str. t. 4. f. 1. O. dichotoma of D. C. fl. fr. 4.
cienc. 7. p. 212. Macræ'a, Lindl. in Brande's journ. scienc. for
7
no. 4376 is perhaps a distinct species. Flowers greenish.
Jan. April 1828, vol. 35. p. 204.
. .
Dichotomous-panicled Ortegia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1820.
Lin. syst. Decándria, Trigynia. Calyx campanulate, 5-
LIN
Pl. 1 foot.
toothed. Petals 5, inserted in a short torus, unguiculate, per- Cult. Ortègia is a genus of insignificant looking herbaceous
manent, twisted in æstivation. Stamens 10, inserted on the plants, consequently not worth cultivating, except in botanical
top of the torus. Style short, crowned by 3 linear stigmas, gardens.
gardens. They should be grown in pots, well drained with
with reflexed margins. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved. Valves potsherds, in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, or on rock-
separating from the axis even to the placenta, as in Linèæ. work; they are easily increased by seeds, and cuttings will root
Dry shrubs, natives of Chili, with opposite exstipulate leaves, freely under a hand-glass.
a
4. H.
.
1

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XV. GOUFFEIA. XVI. BUFFONIA. XVII. SAGINA.
419
p. 389.
XV. GOUʼFFEIA (in honour of Gouffé de la Cour, who Lin. gen. no. 236. Gært. fr. 2. p. 129. f. 10. D. C. prod. 1.
wrote a memoir on the exotic vegetables naturalized at Mar-
seilles in 1818). Robill. et Cast. diss. ined. D. C. f. fr. 5.
LIN. SYST.
Tetra-Pentúndria, Tetragynia. Calyx 4-5-
p. 609. prod. 1. p. 388.
p
parted. Petals 4-5, or wanting. Stamens 4-5. Styles 4.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Digýnia. Calyx 5-parted, spreading. Capsules 4-5-valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. Small insignificant
Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10. Style 2. Capsules globose, herbs.
1-celled, 2-valved, 1-2-seeded. An inelegant herb like Ărenària 1 S. PROCU’MBENS (Lin. spec. 185.) plant glabrous; branches
tenuifolia or Buffònia tenuifolia.
procumbent; leaves linear, mucronated; fruit-bearing peduncles,
1 G. ARENARIOI'DES (Rob. et Cast. l. c. &c.) branches diva- ascending ; petals short, obtuse; segments of calyx rounded.
ricating ; flowers somewhat corymbose; leaves linear, short, O. H. Native on sandy ground, or the walks and beds of
deflexed. O. H. Native about Marseilles. Flowers white. neglected gardens, as well as on shady walls and gravelly banks,
Sand-wort-like Gouffeia. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot.
every where throughout Europe; on the north-west coast of
Cult. Goúffeia only requires to be sown on rock-work, America, and on the banks of the Columbia. In Britain plenti-
or in the open border, where it will flower and ripen seed freely, ful. Smith, engl. bot. t. 88. Curt. lond. fasc. 3. t. 12. Plant
but being a weed-looking plant it will be scarcely worth culti- spreading on the ground. Flowers drooping, with white round-
vating, except in botanical gardens.
ish petals.
Var. B, plèna; a pretty variety, with rose-like white double
flowers, of from 27 to 32 petals. This plant was formerly culti-
XVI. BUFFO'NIA (in honor of Count de Buffon, the cele-
vated in some curious gardens, but is now, we believe, altogether
brated French naturalist). Sauv. meth. fol. 141. Lin. gen. lost.
4. H. Native on a green near Beaumaris, in Wales.
no. 225.
Gært. fruct. 2. p. 129. f. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 388. Rev. H. Davis, July, 1817.
LIN. SYST.
Tetrándria, Digýnia. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals
Procumbent Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. Pl. pro-
, 4, entire. Stamens 4. Styles 2. Capsules compressed, 1- cumbent.
celled, 2-valved, 2-seeded. Insignificant slender herbs, with
2 S. FILIFO'RMIS (Pourr. chlor. hisp. no. 593.) stems erect,
awl-shaped leaves, like some species of Arenària.
much branched, jointed ; leaves linear, glabrous; peduncles axil-
1 B. A'nnuA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 768.) stem loosely panicled lary and terminal, dichotomous. 0. 8. Native of the Pyre-
from the base ; branches divaricating, short, firm; stripes on
nees, growing mixed with S. procumbens. Roem. et Schult. syst.
calyx straight, parallel ; capsules scarcely equal in length to the
3. p. 499. Petals white.
calyx ; leaves awl-shaped, dilated at the base. O. H. Native
Filiform Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. į to 1
of the south of France on rocks; said to have been found in
foot.
England on the sea-coast about Boston in Lincolnshire. B.
3 S. MARITIMA (G. Don, herb. brit. 155.) plant smooth ;
tenuifolia, Lin. spec. 179. Lam. ill. no. 1710. t. 87. f. 1.
branches erectish ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse, very short; fruit-
Smith, engl. bot. t. 1313.—Pluk. phyt. t. 75. f. 3.—Magn. bearing peduncles ascending; petals none ; segments of calyx
hort, monsp. 97. t. 15. A slender plant with small white petals.
ovate, obtuse. O. H. Native of Britain: on the coast
Annual Buffonia. Fl. June, July. England ? Pl.z to ft.
2 B. OLIVERIA'NA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 388.) stem
near Aberdeen, and on the summit of Ben Nevis; at Bally
p.
Castle, near the Giant's Causeway, Ireland ; on Hartle-pier,
branching at the top ; branches filiform, elongated; stripes on Durham ; in salt marshes at Southwold, Suffolk, abundantly.
the calyx straight, parallel ; capsules almost sessile, shorter than
Smith, engl. bot. t. 2195. Curt. fl. lond. t. 115. Petals abortive
the calyx; leaves very short, form of scales. O? H. Native
about Teheran in Persia. A slender plant, with small, white
or entirely wanting. Stamens sometimes 8.
Sea-side Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. Pl. 2 to 3 inches.
petals.
4 S. STRI'CTA (Fries. novit. fl. suec. 3. p. 122.) plant very
Olivier's Buffonia. Fl. June, July. Pl. to foot.
glabrous; stems and peduncles straight; leaves rather cylindri-
3 B. MACROCA'RPA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 388.) stem
cal, not mucronated; lobes of calyx lanceolate, acute (obtuse
very much branched, dichotomous ; branches filiform, rigid, according to Horn. in hort. hafn. suppl. p. 122.) O. H. Na-
,
.
very long, almost naked, and divaricating ; sepals ovate, obtuse;
tive of Denmark and Sweden at Cimbrishavn, by the sea-side.
stripes on calyx straight, parallel ; capsules on long stalks, large, Petals white. .
much longer than the calyx; seeds somewhat globose, com-
Straight Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 2 or 3
pressed, echinated on the margins. 4. F. Native of Persia inches.
from Teheran to Ispahan. Flowers small, white.
5. S. CILIA'TA (Fries. in Billb. svensk. bot. ex Spreng. neue.
Long-fruited Buffonia. Fl. June, July. Pl. į to foot.
4 B. PERE'NNIS (Pour. act. toul. 3. p. 319.) stem branching at
entd. 3. p. 220.) stem diffuse ; leaves awl-shaped, spreading,
the top ; branches filiform, elongated; stripes on calyx arched, den. Petals white.
ciliated; segment of calyx acuminated. O? H. Native of Swe-
.
converging. 4. H. Native of France and Vallais. Lam. ill.
. Ciliated-leaved Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.? Pl. I to
Clt. ?
no. 1711. t. 87. f. 2. Flowers small, white.
2 inches.
Perennial Buffonia. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. to ft.
Cult. Both the perennial and annual species of this genus
6 S. APE'TALA (Lin. mant. p. 559.) plant hispid, pubescent;
branches erectish,dichotomous; leaves linear,fringed, mucronated;
can only be encreased by seeds; they only require to be sown
in the open border or on rock-work, but being weedy looking segments of calyx lanceolate, bluntish. 0. 8. Native on dry
fruit-bearing peduncles ascending ; petals very short, roundish;
O. H.
plants, they are hardly worth cultivating, except in botanical sandy barren grounds on walls and waste places ; very common
gardens or in those of the curious. A dry sandy soil suits them
best. A plant or two of the perennial species should be kept lond, fasc. 5. t. 14. Arduin. specel. 2. p. 22. t. 8. f. 1. The petals
in Britain, Italy, and Germany. Smith, engl. bot. t. 881. Curt.
in pots, so that they may be sheltered by a frame during winter,
as they are otherwise apt to damp off in that season.
when present are white, not half the length of the calyx.
Var. 6, agglomerata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 389.) flowers sessile
and stalked, glomerated.
XVII. SAGI'NA (sagina, in Latin, signifies fatness ; accord- Apetalous Pearlwort. Fl. May, June. Britain. Pl. 1 or 2
ing to Linnæus it is so called for its qualities in fattening sheep). inches.
3 н2

420
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XVIII. MÆNCHIA. XIX. HYMENELLA. XX. MOEHRINGIA. XXI. ELATINE.
a
7 S. QUITE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 19.) gardens. P. Carmelitarum, Sancti Angeli, Buffònia tenuifòlia,
p
stems filiform, procumbent? leaves rather falcate; peduncles Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. icon. Stems weak ; leaves linear,
axillary, 1-flowered, bearing 4 bracteas above the middle; fruit- acute, glabrous; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, axillary; flowers
bearing peduncles straight, elongated ; flowers apetalous, some- small, white.
what drooping. O. H. Native of South America on the sandy Moehringia-like Hymenella. Pl. į foot.
banks of Rio Blanco at the height of 4800 feet. Valves of cap- Cult. This plant should be kept in pots in a mixture of sand,
sule revolute.
loam, and peat, and placed in a green-house or frame during
Quito Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Pl. trailing.
winter. It
may
be either increased by seeds or by dividing the
8 S. FASCICULA'TA (Poir. dict. 6. p. 390.) stems creeping, plants at the root, but it is not worth cultivating except in bo-
rooting, jointed ; branches somewhat erect ; leaves secund in
tanical gardens.
bundles; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. 4. H. Native about
XX. MOEHRI'NGIA (in honour of Paul Henry Gerard
Algiers. Very like S. procúmbens. Calyx glabrous, with short
oval, obtuse, spreading lobes, which are reflexed after flowering. 1736.) Lin. gen. 264. Gært. fruct. 226. t. 129. f. 11. D. C. prod.
Moehring, a German physician, author of Hortus Proprius,
Petals white.
Bundle-leaved Pearlwort. Fl. May, Aug. Pl. 1 to 3 inches.
1. p. 390.
Cult. None of the species of this genus are worth cultivating
Lin. syst. Octándria, Digýnia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4.
Stamens 8. Styles 2. Capsules 4-valved, 1-celled, many-
except the double-flowering variety of S. procúmbens and S.
fasciculàta : both should be kept in small pots well drained with
seeded. Pretty alpine plants, with the habit of Arenària.
1 M. MUSCÒSA (Lin. spec. p. 515.) leaves linear, connate;
potsherds, in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand; and the best
way of increasing them is by dividing the plants at the roots.
segments of calyx flat, lanceolate, acute; flowers axillary, soli-
The rest of the species are only worth preserving in Botanical
tary. 4. H. Native of Europe in humid parts of moun-
.
gardens; they require no care, but if once introduced to the
tains at the margins of woods. Lam. ill. t. 314. Schkuhr. handb.
garden, it will be hereafter quite impossible to extirpate them.
1. t. 108. Flowers small, white.
Mossy Moehringia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1775. Pl. 1 foot.
XVIII. ME'NCHIA (in honour of Conrad Moench, a profes- leaves oblong, obtuse, convex on both surfaces, fleshy, somewhat
2 M. SEDIFÒLIA (Willd. berl. mag. 1818. p. 101. t. 3. f. 23.)
, a
sor of botany at Marburgh, who wrote several botanical works
, ,
between the years 1777 and 1802.) Ehrh. beitr, fasc. 2. 177.
imbricated ; flowers terminal, solitary. 4. H. Native of the
Pers. ench. 1. p. 153.
Alps of Tenda. M. muscòsa, var. Balb. misc. bot. 20. t. 5. f.
2. M. muscosa sedoides, Pers. ench. 1. 438. Flowers like
p.
LIN. syst. Tet: andria, Digynia. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals
those of M. muscòsa, but a little smaller.
4. Stamens 4. Capsules membranous, 1-valved, 1-celled,
opening at the summit with 8, occasionally, 10 teeth, many-
Sedum-leaved Moehringia. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 ft.
seeded. Seed kidney-shaped. Small plants, with the habit
3 S. STRICTA (Sibth. and Smith, fl. græc. t. 362.) leaves
of S. Cerastium.
strict, scariose, and ciliated at the base, shorter than the joints of
1 M. ERE'CTA (Smith, engl. fl. 1. p. 241.) glaucous ; stems
the stem. 4. H.
4. H. .
Native of Candia Flowers small, white.
erect, 1-flowered, glabrous ; leaves linear, acute; peduncles
Strict-leaved Moehringia. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 foot.
straight; petals short; sepals lanceolate, concave, acute, with
Cult. These pretty little alpine plants are well adapted for
membranous edges. 0. H. Native in pastures and heathy loam, and peat suits those grown in the latter way; and the best
rock-work or to be grown in small pots. A mixture of sand,
ground on a gravelly soil, in most parts of Europe ; also in Bri-
tain. M. glaúca, Pers. ench. 1. p. 153. M. quaternélla, Ehrh.
.
method of increasing them is by dividing the plants at the root.
phyt. 82. Sagina erécta, Lin. spec. 185. Smith, engl. bot. t. XXI. ELATINE (from εlatn, elate, a fir in Greek. Its fine
609. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 12.- Vaill. par. t. 3. f. 2. Petals leaves have been compared to those of a fir-tree.) Lin. gen. no.
white.
685. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 142. t. 102. f. 2. D. C. prod. 1. p. 390.
Upright Moenchia. Fl. May. Britain. Pl. Į to 1 foot. LIN. Syst. Tri-Octándria, Tetragynia. Calyx 3-5-parted.
-
2 M.CERASTOŅDES (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 497.) green and pilose; Petals 3-4, not unguiculate. Stamens equal in number with the
stem diffuse, dichotomous, branched ; leaves spatulate or ob- petals, and double that number, therefore either 3-4 or 6-8.
ovate, recurved ; peduncles axillary, l-flowered, reflexed after Styles 4, capitate at the top. Capsules 4-valved, 4-celled,
,
flowering; petals emarginate; sepals lanceolate, acute, with mem- many-seeded. Seeds cylindrical. Small creeping plants, with
branous margins. 4. H. Native of Scotland on rocks about insignificant flesh-coloured flowers.
the Firth of Forth, and in many places about Edinburgh. Flowers 1 E. HYDRO'PIPER (Lin. spec. 572.) leaves opposite; flowers
small, white. Sagina cerastoides, Smith in Lin. trans. vol. 2. p. alternate, stalked, octandrous, 4-petalled. 4. H. Native in
343. Cerastium tetrándrum, Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 31.
inundated places almost throughout the whole of France. E.
Chickweed-like Monchia. Fl. Ju. July. Britain. Pl. trailing. hydropiper var. a, Lin. spec. p. 527. D. C. icon. pl. rar. 1. p. 13.
Cult. Chickweed-looking plants, which may be sown
sown on t. 43. f. 2.-Vaill. bot. paris, t. 2. f. 2. Flowers rose-coloured.
rock-work, and may be afterwards allowed to scatter their seeds. Water-pepper Waterwort. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 2 to 3 inches.
2 E. HEXA'NDRA (D. C. icon. pl. rar. 1. p. 14. t. 43. f. 1.)
XIX. HYMENEʼLLA (a diminutive of vunv, hymen, a leaves opposite; flowers alternate, stalked, hexandrous, 3-petal-
membrane, on account of the thin little petaloid crown at the led. 4. H. Native of inundated places about Paris. E.
base of the petals.) Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. hydropiper var. B, Lin. spec. 527.-Vaill. Paris, bot. t. 2. f. 1.
, A.
prod. 1. p. 389.
Tillæ'a hexándra, Lapierre, journ. phys. fl. an. xi. Biròlia palu-
LIN. Syst. Tetrándria, Trigynia. Calyx 4-parted, spreading, dòsa, Bell. mem. acad. tur. 1808. icone. Flowers rose-coloured.
Petals 4, oblong, entire, length of the calyx. Stamens 4, alter-
.
Hexandrous Waterwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Pl. 2 inches.
nating with the petals, connected at the base by an 8-toothed 3 E. TRIPETALA (Smith, engl. fl. 2. p. 243.) leaves opposite,
petaloid little crown. Ovary ovate. Styles 3. Capsules 3- rough, with minute points ; flowers alternate, stalked, octan-
celled. An insignificant looking plant, like Moehringia.
drous, 3-petalled. 4. H. Native on the margins of ponds
1 H, MOEHRINGIOIDES (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. and ditches, in a sandy soil, about the eastern shore of Bomere
icon. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 390.) 4. F. Native of Mexico in pool, near Candover, Shropshire, and near Bingfield, Berks. E.
a

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXI. ELATINE. XXII. BERGIA.
XXII. BERGIA. XXIII. MOLLUGO.
421
-
-
-
hydropiper, Smith, engl. bot. t. 955. Petals roundish, slightly Lin. syst. Triándria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
LIN
pointed, concave, inflexed, reddish or pale flesh-coloured, smaller none or very small. Stamens 3.
Stamens 3. Styles 3. Capsules 3-valved,
than the calyx. Anthers yellow.
5-celled, many-seeded. Leaves in whorls, rarely opposite. In-
Three-petalled Waterwort. Fl. July, Aug. England. Pl. 2
England. Pl. 2 significant plants, with 1 or many-flowered peduncles.
or 3 inches.
4 E. TRIA’NDRA (Schkuhr. handb. no. 1023. t. 109. b. f. 2.)
* Peduncles 1-flowered, in whorls.
leaves opposite; flowers sessile, and opposite, triandrous, 3- 1 M. OPPOSITIFÒLIUM (Lin. spec. 131.) leaves opposite, lan-
petalled. 4. H. Native of inundated places about Ratisbon. ceolate; branches alternate, dichotomous ; peduncles lateral,
Flowers and seeds rose-coloured.
crowded. O. S. Native of Ceylon.—Pluk. phyt. t. 75. f. 6.
Triandrous Waterwort. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 2 or 3 inches.
,
Peduncles almost the length of the leaves, in whorls. Flowers
5 E. ALSINA'STRUM (Lin. spec. 527.) leaves in whorls ; white. Plant smooth, diffuse.
flowers sessile, and disposed in whorls. 2. H. Native about
Opposite-leaved Mollugo. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. , foot.
Paris and in fountains at Fontainebleau.—Vaill. bot. paris, 1. f. 6. 2 M. H'RTA (Thunb. prod. p. 24. fl. cap. 1. p. 444.) plant
E. verticillàta, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 11. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 772. Habit decumbent; leaves obovate, villous, 4 in a whorl, stalked;
of Hippùris vulgàris—Pitamópitys, Buxb.act. petrop. t. 1. f. 6. flowers in whorls on very short stalks. O. F. Native of the
Chickweed-like Waterwort. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 1 foot. Cape of Good Hope.
Cult. Elátine is a genus of singular water plants. They all Hairy Mollugo. Fl. July. Pl. decumbent.
grow under water except E. tripétala, which grows by the sides 3 M. VERTICILLA'TA (Lin. spec. 131.) leaves in whorls, un-
of ponds; therefore they should all be planted or sown in ponds equal, obovately wedge-shaped, acute ; stem decumbent, dicho-
except the latter species, which should be planted on the borders
tomous; peduncles 1-flowered, in whorls. O.S. Native of
of a pond or canal, where they should be allowed to increase South America in Brazil, and near Cumana on the sea-shore, as
themselves. A sandy or gravelly bottom suits them best. well as in Virginia, and on the banks of the Columbia in North
Ripe seeds are easily transported in a vegetative state from the America. Rom. et Schult. syst. 2. p. 871.-Pluk. phyt. 4.
places of their natural growth, or plants may be introduced. t. 332. f. 5.-Ehret. pict. t. 6. f. 3. A decumbent plant, with
fleshy leaves.
XXII. BE’RGIA (in honour of Peter Jonas Bergius, once Whorl-leaved Mollugo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1748. Pl. de-
professor of natural history at Stockholm, who wrote several cumbent.
botanical works between 1757 and 1780, particularly upon 4 M. SCHRA'NKII (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 391.) leaves
mosses and plants of the Cape of Good Hope.) Lin. gen. no. in whorls, rather linear, acute; stem dichotomous, diffuse; pe-
791. D. C. prod. 1. p. 390.
p
duncles 1-flowered, few in a whorl. O.S. Native of Brazil
Lin. syst. Decándria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals and Guiana. M. dichotoma, Schrank. pl. rar. 64. icon. exclu-
5. Stamens 10. Styles 5, approximate. Capsules 5-valved, sive of the synonyme of Lin. fil. Very like M. verticillàta, but
5-celled.
differs in the leaves being narrower and longer; and flowers 1-3,
1 B. VERTICILLA'TA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 770.) leaves lancec- rising from each whorl of leaves. Flowers white.
late, denticulated at the apex; flowers in whorls, almost sessile, Schrank's Mollugo. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 to ft.
much crowded. O? H,
O? H. Native of Egypt in rice-fields about
Rosetta and Damiata ; also in the East Indies, but not at the
** Peduncles umbellate or racemose.
Cape of Good Hope. B. Capensis, Lin. mant. 241. Elátine
luxúrians, Del. Al. ægypt. p. 13. t. 26. f. 1. Flowers red or 5 M. STRICTA (Lin. spec. 131.) leaves usually 4 in a whorl,
whitish.
lanceolate, radical ones spatulate ; branches panicled, dichoto-
Whorl-flowered Bergia. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot.
. mous, nodding ; stem erect, angular ; capsule equal in length to
2 B. GLOMERA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 243.) leaves ovate, crenu-
the calyx.
O.S. Native of Asia, Java, &c.—Pluk. alm. p.
lated ; flowers glomerate. O ? H. Native of the Cape of 21. t. 257. f. 2.—Burm. zeyl. 31. t. 5. f. 3. Flowers nodding.
Good Hope. Thunb. prod. 82.
Thunb. prod. 82. Flowers whitish.
Upright-stemmed Mollugo. Pl. I foot.
Glomerate-flowered Bergia. Pl. I foot.
6 M. PENTAPHY'LLA (Lin. spec. 131.) leaves usually 5 in a
3 B. Re'PENS (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa, 1. p. 645.)
ex Schlecht. Linnæa, 1. p. 645.) whorl, obovate, glabrous ; flowers panicled ; stems decumbent.
;
stem branched and creeping ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; flowers O? S. Native of Ceylon.—Burm. zeyl. 13. t. 8. f. 1. Leaves
glomerate, on short peduncles, axillary. 4 ? S. Native of 3-4-5 in a whorl, dark-green. Peduncles axillary, very long,
panicled.
Creeping Bergia. Pl. creeping.
Five-leaved Mollugo. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Pl. procumbent.
4 B. AMMANIOIDES (Roth. nov. pl. spec. 219.) stem branched, 7 M. NUDICAU'LIS (Lam. dict. 4. p. 234.) radical leaves ob-
rough from capitate bristles ; leaves elliptical, acute, sharply long, numerous, obovate, crowded ; scapes trichotomously-pani-
and deeply serrated, silvery-tomentose on the under surface ; cled, decumbent, naked. O? F. Native of the East Indies.
flowers axillary, stalked, glomerate, pentandrous. O.S. Na- --Burm. zeyl. 14. t. 8. f. 2. Radical leaves glaucous, green,
tive of the East Indies. Corolla white.
large. Flowers cream-coloured. Seeds very black. (Burm.)
Ammania-like Bergia. Fl. July. Pl. į foot.
Naked-stemmed Mollugo. Fl. June, July. Pl. decumbent.
.
Cult. All the species of this genus are inhabitants of moist 8 M. RADIA'TA (Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 48.) stems pro-
places, such as rice-fields, which are irrigated the greater part of cumbent, leafy; branches panicled ; leaves obovate, acuminated.
the year, consequently they will require to be kept in similar O. H. Native of Chili in inundated places about Conception.-
situations in gardens, where they will ripen their seed. None of Rem. et Schult. 2. p. 872.-Pluk. phyt. t. 118. f. 1.
them are worth cultivating, unless in botanic gardens.
Radiated Mollugo. Pl. procumbent.
9 M. ARENA'RIA (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p.
XXIII. MOLLU'GO (the Roman name of what is supposed to 21.) plant glabrous ; stems dichotomous, diffuse, round ; leaves
be our Gàlium Mollùgo, which many of the species of this
genus 5 in a whorl, linear-spatulate, obsoletely 1-nerved, 4-times
resemble in their whorled leaves and inconspicuous appearance.) shorter than the spaces of the stem between the leaves; umbels
Lin.
gen. no. 139. Gært. fruct. t. 130. f. 8.
of flowers almost sessile, generally 5 or 6-flowered. O. H.
--
-
;
Java.
-

422
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXIII. MOLLUGO. XXIV. PHARNACEUM.
a
;
Native of Buenos Ayres, and in a sandy island in the river Apures late, unequal ; flowers distich, panicled, numerous. O. F. Na-
near El Diamante. Stamens 3, shorter than the calyx.
tive of China. Flowers white. Perhaps a species of Mollùgo.
Sand Mollugo. Pl. I to į foot.
Many-flowered Pharnaceum. Pl. foot. .
10 M. TRIPHY'LLA (Lour. fl. coch. ed. Willd. 1. p. 79, but not 6 P. DICHO'TOMUM (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 186.) smooth ; stems
of Link.) stems diffuse; branches ternate; leaves 3 in a whorl, flexuous; leaves 9 or more in a whorl, linear; peduncles axil-
lanceolate, sessile ; flowers dichotomous, on long stalks ; peduncles lary, elongated, dichotomous. O. F. Native of the Cape
branched at the apex.
O? H. Native of China about Canton, of Good Hope. Rom. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 689. Mollùgo
and the island of Manilla.
dichotoma, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392.
Three-leaved Mollugo. Fl. July. Pl. 1 to foot.
Dichotomous-peduncled Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. Clt.
11 M. LI’NKII (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392.) stem 1783. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
erectish ; leaves 3 in a whorl, large; panicles of flowers terminal 7 P. GLOMERA'TUM (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 185.) stems flexuous
and lateral. O. S. Native of Brazil. M. triphylla, Link. leaves linear, reflexed, in whorls, acute, glabrous ; flowers glo-
enum. 1. p. 108. but not of Lour. Leaves acute, glabrous. merate, almost sessile ; stem decumbent. O.F. Native of the
.
Link's Mollugo. Fl. July. Clt. 1821.
Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 to foot. Cape of Good Hope. Mollùgo glomeràta, Ser. mss. in D. C.
12 M. GLINOIDES (St. Hil. fl
. bras. 2. p. 171. t. 109.) stem prod. 1. p. 392.—Pluk. phyt. 163. t. 331. f. 4. Flowers white.
diffuse, trailing ; leaves spatulate, tomentose; flowers sessile, Glomerate-flowered Pharnaceum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817.
fascicled; stamens 3-5. O. H. Native of Brazil on the banks
Pl. prostrate.
of the Uruguay.
8 P. MARGINA'TUM (Thunb. prod. p. 55. fl. cap. 2. p. 239.)
.
Glinus-like Mollugo. Fl. Jan. Sept. Pl. prostrate.
stems filiform, decumbent; leaves small, in whorls, ovate, mar-
Cult. The species of the genus Mollùgo are all weed-like ginated, obtuse ; flowers axillary, sessile, glomerate. O. F.
plants, therefore not worth cultivating unless in botanic gardens. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Mollùgo marginàta, Ser.
The seed should be sown in pots in any common soil, and the mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392.
pots placed in the hot-bed, and in June they may be removed Marginated-leaved Pharnaceum. Pl. decumbent, j foot.
into the green-house, or planted out in the open border in a 9 P. CERVIA'NUM (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 272. ed. 2. p. 388.)
sheltered situation, where they will probably ripen seed.
stems in whorls, rarely dichotomous ; peduncles umbellate,
lateral, equal in length to the leaves ; leaves in whorls of 4 or 5,
XXIV. PHARNACEUM (an historical name. Pharnaces,
very narrow, glaucous, obtuse, smoothish. O. H. Native of
Russia, Spain, Guinea, and Asia. Mollùgo Cerviàna, Ser. mss.
king of Pontus, is said to have first used it in medicine.) Lin.
in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392.—Lam. ill. t. 214. f. 1.-Gmel. sib.
gen. no. 517. Gært. fruct. 1. p. 130. f. 4. Mollùgo, sect. 2.
3. p. 102. no. 79. t. 20. f. 2.—Buxb. cent. 3. p. 33. t. 62. f. 2.
Pharnaceum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 39.
-Pluk. mant. 9. t. 332. f. 11. Calyx white on the inside. A
LIN. Syst. Pentándria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
weak-growing plant, at first erect, but at length decumbent.
very small or wanting. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsule 3-
Cervian's Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1771. Pl. I ft.
valved, 3-celled, many-seeded. Small herbaceous or shrubby
10 P. SPERGULOIDES (Poir. dict. 5. p. 260.) stems in whorls
plants. Leaves opposite or in whorls.
of 3 or 4 ; branches simple; umbels involucrated, terminal, few-
;
* Peduncles bifid, racemose, or umbelliferous.
flowered, or rising from the axils of the whorls ; leaves in bundles,
whorled, numerous, very narrow, and acute. O ? S. Native
1 P. BELLIDIFÒLIUM (Poir. dict. 5. p. 262.) stems erect, leaf- of India. Lam. ill. t. 214. f. 2. Mollùgo sperguloides, Ser. mss.
less ; radical leaves rosulate, spatulate, tapering into the footstalk in D. C. prod. 1.
p.
392.
at the base ; flowers corymbosely panicled. O.S. Native of Spurry-like Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1
the West Indies and Guiana in waste ground and sandy places. foot.
Mollùgo bellidifòlia, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 391.-- Plum.
p. 11 P. LINEA'RE (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 185.) leaves in whorls;
amer. t. 21. f. 1. Flowers white.
branches dichotomous; umbel panicled, terminal, and lateral ;
Daisy-leaved Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. leaves linear, obtuse, 6 or 8 in a whorl. O? h.G. Native of
1 foot.
the Cape of Good Hope. Mollùgo linearis, Ser. mss. in D.
2 P. PARVIFLÒRUM (Roth. nov. pl. spec. p. 186.) leaves ovate, C. prod. 1. p. 392. Andr. bot. rep. 326. Stems prostrate.
obtuse, strigose on the under surface ; umbels lateral ; stems Flowers white.
herbaceous, ascending. O. S. Native of the East Indies. Linear-leaved Pharnaceum. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1795. Shrub
Mollùgo parviflora, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 391.
Small-flowered Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot. 12 P. MICROPHY’LLUM (Roem. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 686.)
3 P. DI'STICHUM (Lin. mant. p. 221.) leaves almost linear, plant tomentose; peduncles umbellate; umbels compound;
pubescent; racemes 2-parted, flexuous. O.S. Native of the leaves ovate, terete, blunt, covered with interwoven wool. h.
East Indies and the Cape of Good Hope. Mollùgo dísticha, Ser. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Mollùgo microphylla,
mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. M. racemosa, Lam. ill. no. 1197. Ser. 1. c. Stem shrubby, rigid; branchlets somewhat whorled, ag-
- Pluk. phyt. 3. p. 22. t. 130. f. b.
gregate. Leaves rising from the knots in bundles, and scattered
Distich Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. Pl. Į foot.
on the stems.
4 P. CORDIFOLIUM (Lin. amoen. 6. p. 85.) stems decumbent ; Small-leaved Pharnaceum. Shrub 1 foot.
leaves 4 in a whorl, obversely cordate, mucronated; corymbs 13 P. TERETIFOLIUM (Thunb. prod. p. 53.) glabrous; branches
axillary and terminal, dichotomous ; flowers solitary in the forks. opposite, and a little branched ; leaves filiform, mucronated,
O.F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. hort. schoenbr. terete; stem erect, frutescent; umbels erect, simple, stalked.
t. 349. Mollùgo cordifolia, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Mollùgo tereti-
Petals white, shorter than the sepals.
fòlia, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 393.
Heart-leaved Pharnaceum. FI. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. Terete-leaved Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. Shrub & foot.
decumbent.
14 P. QUADRANGULA'RE (Lin. fil. suppl. 185.) smooth; stems
5 P. MULTIFLORUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 392. under suffruticose, erect; branches alternate, flexuous, leafless; leaves
Mollùgo,) stems diffuse, dichotomous; leaves in whorls, lanceo- linear, quadrifariously imbricated; flowers in umbels ; peduncles
a
foot.
-

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXIV. PHARNACEUM. XXV. Puysa. XXVI. HOLOSTEUM.
.
423
p. 391.
short. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Mollugo
Mollùgo Native of Carolina.
Native of Carolina. Mollùgo marítima, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod.
quadrangulàris, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 393.
393. Plant with 1. p. 392.
the appearance of a heath. Flowers inside white, outside green.
.
Sea-side Pharnaceum. Pl. prostrate.
Capsule quadrangular.
24 P. LICHTENSTEINIA'NUM (Rom. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 692.)
Quadrangular-capsuled Pharnaceum. Shrub 1 to į foot. leaves in whorls, lanceolate-linear, acute; peduncles axillary.
15 P. MUCRONA'TUM (Thunb. in phyt. bl. p. 29. fl. cap. 2. p.
p
O? F. Native of the Cape of Good Hope on Mount Witsemberg.
239.) stems herbaceous, almost none; leaves ovate-mucronated, Mollùgo Lichtensteiniàna, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 393.
p
.
entire: flowers in whorls, aggregate, almost sessile. O ? G. Pharnáceum galioides, Lichten. spicil. fl. cap. mss. Very like
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Mollùgo mucronata, Ser. a species of Spérgula, but the flowers are monogynous. Perhaps
mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 393. Radical leaves aggregate. Pe- a proper genus
?
duncles radical, capillary, numerous.
Lichtenstein's Pharnaceum. Pl. 1 foot.
Mucronate-leaved Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. Pl. & foot. 25 P. HOFFMANNSEGGIA'NUM (Rom. et Schult. syst. 6. p.
16 P. UMBELLATUM (Forsk. fl. ægypt. p. 58.) radical leaves 692.) leaves lanceolate, acute, in whorls ; peduncles 1-flowered,
stellate, cauline ones obovate; peduncles umbellate, involu- elongated. O.S. Native of Brazil. Mollùgo Hoffmannseg-
crated ; involucres linear. O.H. Native of Egypt in argillaceous giàna, Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 393.
Pharnaceum ga-
places near Lohaga. Flowers brown. Mollùgo umbellàta, Ser. lioides, Willd. mss. ex Schult. l. c. Flowers white.
mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 393.
.
Hoffmannsegg's Pharnaceum. Fl. June, July. Pl. prostrate.
Umbel-flowered Pharnaceum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. 26 P. BERTERIA'NUM ; stem dichotomous, slender ; space be-
Pl. 1-2 inches.
tween the leaves very long ; leaves very narrow, bluntish;
17 P. INCA'NUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 186.) leaves scattered, or 4 peduncles filiform, in whorls. O ? S. Native of Porto Rico,
in a whorl, with bundles of smaller leaves rising from the axillæ, along the sides of torrents.
along the sides of torrents. Pharnaceum lineare. Bert. ined.
smooth, linear; stems erect; branches white from stipulas; Mollùgo Berteriàna, Ser. mss. in D.C. prod. 1.
stipulas pilose; flowers in proliferous umbels ; common pe-
Bertero's Pharnaceum. Pl. procumbent.
duncles very long. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cult. The species of Pharndceum are scarcely worth culti-
Sims, bot. mag. 1883. Flowers white inside, green on the out- vating, except in botanical gardens, being for the most part
side.
weedy-looking plants. The greenhouse shrubby kinds thrive
Hoary-stipuled Pharnaceum. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1782. well in a mixture of sandy loam and peat, but the pots should be
Shrub foot.
well drained with potsherds. Cuttings planted under a hand-
18 P.PRUINÒSUM (Haw. succ. pl. suppl. p. 15.) stems branch- glass in the same kind of soil will root freely, but they may be
ed, thickish ; branches pale from membranaceous stipulas ; leaves increased more easily by seed, which often ripen in abundance.
crowded, filiform, terete, acute, fleshy, mealy, or pruinose. The annual species should be sown in pots in the spring, and
h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peduncles umbel- placed in a moderate hot-bed, where they may remain until they
late.
ripen their seed, or they may be removed into the greenhouse in
Pruinose-leaved Pharnaceum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819.
Shrub 4 foot.
XXV. PHY'SA (ovoa, physa, a bladder; bladdery capsules).
19 P. A’LBENS (Lin. fil. suppl. p. 186.) smooth, suffruticose ;
Pet. Thouar. nov. gen. mad. p. 20. D. C. prod. 1. p. 393.
.
.
leaves linear, opposite, remote, exstipulate ; common peduncle
LIN. syst. Decándria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-sepalled. Petals
long, umbellate; pedicels filiform. Þ.G. Native of the Cape
none. Stamens 10. Stigmas 3. Capsules 3-furrowed, 3-celled,
of Good Hope.
3-valved; valves septiferous, conniving with the receptacle.
White-stemmed Pharnaceum. Shrub 1 to 1 foot.
1 P. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 393.) a little
* * Peduncles 1-flowered.
prostrate plant with jointed stems ; leaves 4 in a whorl, unequal;
peduncles 1-flowered. O.S. Native of Madagascar.
20 P. SERPYLLIFÒLIUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 186.) smooth ; stem
Madagascar Physa. Pl. trailing.
Cult. This plant should be sown in a pot in a mixture of
filiform, dichotomous ; leaves opposite, ovate, obtuse, stalked ;
peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. O. F. Native of the Cape of sand, loam, and peat, and placed in a hot-bed, where it may
,
Good Hope. A weak plant. Mollùgo serpyllifòlia, Ser. mss.
remain until it ripens its seed. Not worth cultivating.
in D. C. prod. 1. p. 391. Like Herniària glabra.
XXVI. HOLO'STEUM (from olos, holos, all ; and 0oTEOV,
Wild-Thyme-leaved Pharnaceum. Pl. decumbent. .
osteon, a bone, all bone, applied by antiphrasis to this plant, which
21 P. DEPRE'SSUM (Lin. mant. atl. p. 564.) stem pros- is no bone, being soft and delicate. This species of wit is not un-
trate, simple; peduncles 1-flowered, lateral ; leaves lanceolate, - common, even at the present day, but applied to men not plants).
pubescent, opposite or 4 in a whorl. O. F. Native of the Lin. gen. 136. Gært. fruct. t. 130. f. 5. D. C. prod. 1. p. 393.
East Indies. Loeflíngia I'ndica. Stems depressed. Leaves
LIN. SYST.
Tri-Pentándria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-sepalled.
somewhat tetragonal, lanceolate. Stipulas scarious. Peduncles Petals 5, toothed. Stamens 5, or from abortion only 3 or 4.
dichotomous. Corolla purple.
Styles 3. Capsules 1-celled, ending in 6 teeth at the apex.
Depressed Pharnaceum. Pl. prostrate.
Embryo unfolded within the albumen.
22 P. MOLLU'GO (Lin, mant. 561.) leaves in whorls, unequal, 1 H. DIA'NDRUM (Swartz. prod. p. 27. icon. t. 7.) stems pro-
on short stalks, 4 or 5 in a whorl, elliptic-lanceolate, smooth, cumbent, rather stiff; leaves roundish; flowers diandrous ;
acutish, with scabrous margins ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered; stipulas 4, on both sides. 0. S. Native of Jamaica on rocks.
stem procumbent, dichotomous. O. S. Native of Ceylon.
O. S. Native of Ceylon. Rom. et Schult. syst. 2. p. 857. Very like Drymària cordata,
Mollùgo Spergula, Lin spec. 1. p. 131.-Burm. zeyl. p. 13. t. 7. but much smaller, of which genus it is perhaps a species.
fl. ind. 31. t. 5. f. 4. Flowers white. Leaves like those of Petals white.
Gàlium Mollùgo.
Diandrous Holosteum. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1824. Pl. pro-
Mollugo-like Pharnaceum. Pl. decumbent.
cumbent, į foot.
23 P. MARITIMUM (Walt. fl. carol. p. 117.) flowers lateral, 2 H. SPERGULOIDES (Lehm. pug. pl. hort. hamb. 10.) stem
solitary, sessile ; leaves rather terete, obtuse, fleshy. O. H. decumbent; leaves linear, fleshy, acute, younger ones pubescent,
June.
a

424
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXVI. HOLOSTEUM. XXVII. SPERGULA.
stipulate; racemes leafy, rather secund; sepals lanceolate, length to the obtuse sepals; seeds rather kidney-shaped, dotted.
obtuse, and glandular-pilose ; petals ovate; stamens 3-4. O.H. 2. H. Native of Switzerland, France, Siberia and Sweden, as
Native of Egypt. Flowers rose-coloured.
well as in South Carolina and on the north-west coast of America.
Spurry-like Holosteum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1829. Pl. In Scotland on Mael-Ghyrdy and Ben Lawers. In the islands
procumbent.
of Unalaschka and St. Paul. Smith, engl. bot. 2105. Swartz.
3 H. MUCRONA'TUM (Moc. et Sesse. pl. mex. ined. icon. in in the stockh. trans. for 1789. p. 44. t. 1. f. 2. Stellària biflòra,
D. C. prod. 1. p. 393.) plant pubescent ; stems procumbent ; t. 12. but not of Lin. Plant with the habit of Sagina procúm-
leaves cordate; peduncles 3-flowered. O. F.
Native of bens, with several stems in a patch, in their lower part decum-
Mexico. Perhaps a variety of Drymària cordata. Petals white. bent, then erect.
bent, then erect. Petals white. Dr. Swartz says his plant
Mucronate Holosteum. Fl. May, Sept. Pl. trailing, į foot. has only 5 stamens, but with us they are 10.
4 H. SUCCULE'NTUM (Lin. amoen. 3. p. 21.) leaves elliptical, Sagina-like Spurry. Fl. June, July. Scotland. Pl. 2 to 3
fleshy, glabrous; petals somewhat trifid, smaller than the calyx.
inches long
O. H. Native of the states of New York and Carolina. 3 S. SUBULA'TA (Swartz, act. holm. 1789. p. 45. t. 1. f. 3.)
Polycarpon uniflòrum, Walt. fl. carol. p. 83. This is a very plant rather pilose ; leaves opposite, almost sessile, rather leaning
doubtful plant according to Pursh, he having never been able to one side, linear-awl-shaped; somewhat awned, ciliated;
to find it either in the state of New York nor Carolina. Flowers peduncles solitary, very long; petals length of calyx. 4. H.
white.
Native of Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and Britain on barren
Succulent Holosteum. Pl. trailing?
heaths, and North America on the Rocky Mountains. Smith,
5 H. HIRSU'TUM (Lin. amoen. 3. p. 21.) leaves orbicular, engl. bot. 1082. S. larícina, Huds. 203. Fl. dan. 858. S.
hairy; flowers sessile ? white. O.S. Native of Malabar. saginoides, Curt. lond. fasc. 4. t. 35. Sagina procumbens B,
Hairy Holosteum. Pl. trailing.
Lin. spec. 185. Leaves fringed with glandular or slightly viscid
6 H. UMBELLA'TUM (Lin. spec. 130.) 'radical leaves elliptical, hairs, and terminate each in a very conspicuous hair-like point,
glaucous, glabrous; cauline ones larger, ovate ; flowers umbel- not sufficiently expressed in engl. bot. 1. c. Flowers white,
late ; common peduncles clammy-pubescent; pedicels deflexed about half the size of those of S. saginoìdes. Stamens more
after flowering. O. H. Native of many parts of Europe on frequently 5 than 10.
old walls and in sandy fields. In England on several walls and Var. B, flòre-plèno ; flowers double, white.
roofs of houses about Norwich, about Bury, also on the walls of Anl-shaped-leaved Spurry. Fl. July, Aug. Britain.
.
Britain. Pl.
Chelsea garden. Smith, engl. bot. t. 27. Fl. dan. 1204. 2 inches.
Lam. ill. t. 51. f. 1. Cerastium umbellatum, Huds. 201. Flowers 4 S. PILI'FERA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. no. 4391.) leaves opposite,
white, sometimes tinged with red.
linear, awned, rather stiff, glabrous, in bundles; stems creeping,
Umbellate-flowered Jagg-chickweed. Fl. April, May. Engl. branched, tufted; peduncles very long ; petals twice as large as
Pl. 4 to foot.
the calyx; seeds egg-shaped. 4. H. Native of Corsica on
Cult. Holósteum diándrum, mucronàtum, and hirsutum, re- the higher mountains. Flowers white.
quire to be sown in pots and placed in a hot-bed in any kind of Hair-bearing-leaved Spurry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826.
soil, where they may remain. H. succuléntum and umbellatum Pl. foot.
may be sown on rock-work. None of the species are worth 5 S. GLA'BRA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 821.) plant decumbent;
cultivating except in botanical gardens.
leaves opposite, filiform, glabrous, rather acute ; petals larger
than the calyx. 2. H. Native of the alps of Europe in shady
XXVII. SPE'RGULA (from spargo, to scatter ; because it pastures. Poir. dict. 7. p. 306. Spergula saginoides, All. ped.
scatters its seed abroad, to the great profit of the farmer in no. 1735. t. 64. f. 1. Flowers white.
Holland. See Spergularia arvensis.). Lin. gen. no. 798. Gært.
.
Glabrous Spurry. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Pl. trailing,
fruct. t. 130. f. 4. D. C. prod. 1. p. 394.
to 1 foot long.
LIN. Syst. Decándria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 6 S. GLANDULÒSA (Besser. prim. fl. galic. p. 298.) plant
5, entire. Stamens 5 and 10. Styles 5. Capsules 1-celled, covered with glandular pubescence; leaves opposite, awl-shaped;
6-valved, 5-valved according to Smith, many-seeded. Leaves stems branched, bearing bundles of smaller leaves in the axillæ
exstipulate.
of the older ones; petals elliptical, twice as long as the obtuse
1 S. NODÒSA (Lin. spec. 630.) leaves opposite, awl-shaped, sepals. 4. H. Native of Galicia in humid pastures. Flowers
smooth, bluntish; lower ones broad, sheathing, upper ones white.
clustered ; stems tufted, almost simple, few-flowered; petals Glandular Spurry. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 4 foot.
twice as long as the calyx : seeds somewhat reniform, rough. 7 S. ARENARIOÌDES (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 395.) plant
p
4. H. Native of many parts of Europe in marshy places. glabrous; root thick ; stem prostrate ; branches ascending ;
. ;
In Canada and on the shores of the Arctic sea. In Britain in leaves lanceolate, linear, acute; flowers pentandrous ; petals
moist sandy or turfy ground. Smith, engl. bot. t. 694. Curt. oblong, length of calyx. 4? F. Native of Mexico. Are-
lond. fasc. 4. t. 34. Fl. dan. t. 96. Stems spreading or pros- nària ? pentágyna, Moc. et Sesse, pl. mex. ined. icon. Flowers
trate. Flowers white.
white.
Var. ß, brevifolia (Pers. ench. 1. p. 522. Poir. dict. 7. p. Sand-wort-like Spurry. Fl. June, July. Pl. prostrate.
305.) stem very simple; clusters of leaves approximate ; cauline 8 S. APE’TALA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 112. t. 142.) almost
leaves very short.
short. 4. H. Native of Europe in arid fields. stemless ; leaves opposite, connate, imbricate, long; flowers
Flowers larger than in var. a.
apetalous, pentandrous; sepals lanceolate, very acute. Native
Var. y, marítima (Pers. ench. 1. p. 522.) leaves fleshy, in- of Van Diemen's Land.
curved, spreading. 4. H. Native by the sea-side.
Apetalous Spurry. Pl. 1 inch.
Knotted Spurry or Sand-chickweed. Fl. July, Aug. Brit. 9 S. HUMIFU'SA (Cambess in St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 173.)
Pl. 3 to 6 inches long.
stems trailing, branched, covered with glandular-pubescence
2 S. SAGINOIDES (Lin. spec. 631.) stem creeping ; leaves beneath ; leaves linear, awl-shaped, connate at the base, smooth-
opposite, awl-shaped, smooth, nearly pointless; peduncles soli- ish ; pedicels axillary, solitary, equal in length with the leaves ;
tary, very long ; petals obovate, very blunt ; hardly equal in calyx clothed with glandular pubescence; petals equal in length

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXVIII. SPERGULARIA.
425
-
to the calyx. O. H. Native of Brazil near the town called petals longer than the calyx. 4. H. Native of Spain near the
Rio Grande de St. Pedro do Sul. Like Spergula saginoides. snow on the summit of the mountain commonly called de Los-
Trailing Spurry. Fl. Sept. Pl. trailing.
pozos near Arvas. Petals white.
Cult. None of the species of Spergula are worth cultivating, Clammy Spurry. Fl. June, July. Pl. Į foot,
except in botanical gardens. They will grow without care in 5 S. PA'LLIDA (Salisb. prodr. 298.) stem clammy, pubescent;
any moist situation.
stipulas large ; leaves half terete, mucronulate; petals oval,
XXVIII. SPERGULA'RIA (altered from Spergula, which
entire, obtuse; stamens 10. 4.G. Native of the Cape of
see). Cambess. in St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 171.
.
Good Hope. Seeds imbricated, a little reniform, with scarious
LIN. Syst. Decándria, Tri-Pentagynia. Calyx of 5 sepals margins. Petals pale red.
with membranous edges. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10, seldom
Pale-red-petalled Spurry. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1810. Pl. 1 ft.
5. Styles 3-5. Capsule 1-celled, 3-5-valved, many-seeded ;
seeds compressed, marginate. This genus has been divided
Sect. II. ARENA'RIA (in allusion to the plants being separated
from Spérgula and Arenària, by Cambessedes. We shall there-
from Arenària). Stipulària, Haw. Lepígonum, Wahlenb. fl.goth.
fore retain the authorities for the species under these genera.
ex Spreng. neue, entd. 3. p. 231. Stamens 10. Styles 3. Cap-
The
genus is remarkable in being furnished with stipulas, in
sules 3-valved. Leaves linear, opposite, with bundles of smaller
the seeds being bordered with a wing, and in the petals and
ones in the axillæ. Stipulas scarious, situated at the base of the
stamens usually adhering to the base of the calyx,
leaves. Flowers usually cymose, but sometimes solitary, l-
flowered.
Sect. I. SPE'RGULA (in allusion to the genus being separated 6 S. SEGETA'LIS (Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 43.) plant glabrous; stem
from Spergula). Styles 5. Stamens 10. Capsule 5-valved. erect; leaves awl-shaped, leaning rather to one side ; sepals
Flowers white. Leaves linear, in whorls. Stipulas in pairs scarious, marked with a longitudinal green line in the centre;
under each whorl, membranous, very short.
Flowers cymose.
petals shorter than the calyx ; peduncles after flowering de-
1 S. ARVE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 630.) leaves in whorls ; flowers flexed; seeds rather pear-shaped, rough. O. H. Native
decandrous ; seeds spherical, rather hispid, black, with a narrow among corn in France and Spain. Alsìne segetàlis, Lin. spec.
border. O. H. Native throughout Europe in gardens and 390.-Vaill. bot. par. t. 3. f. 3. Capsules 3-valved ; valves
cultivated fields. North America on the banks of the Columbia broad, obtuse. Petals white.
and about Quebec ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. Corn-field Sand-spurry. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt 1805. Pl. 1 to 1 ft.
1535. Curt. lond, fasc. 5. t. 31. Fl. dan. 1033. Lam. ill. t. 7 S. LEPTOPHY'LLA ; like Arendria tenuifolia, Lin. but differs
393. f.1. Flowers white.
in the leaves being stipulate; stipulas setaceous, scariose, and
Var. B, geniculàta (Poir. 7. p. 303.) stem beyond a foot, white; flowers lateral, and nearly sessile ; bracteas all scariose
jointed at the knots, as if it were viviparous. S. geniculàta, and white. It differs from Spergulària segetális in the different
Pers. ench. 1. p. 522. no. 3. Petals white.
figure of the stipulas. 4. F. Native of Mexico. Arenària
In the Netherlands and in Germany the seed of this plant is sown leptophylla, Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa 5.
p.
233.
on corn stubbles, to supply a bite for sheep during winter. It may Slender-leaved Sand-spurry. Pl. 1 foot.
be sown and reaped in eight weeks, either in autumn or spring. 8 S. MOLLUGI'NEA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 400.) plant
)
It is said to enrich the milk of cows, so as to make it afford excellent very smooth ; leaves linear, thick, glaucous, rather callose at
butter, and the mutton fed on it is said to be preferable to that fed the apex ; stem spreading, forked; flowers axillary; peduncles
or turnips. Hens eat spurry greedily, and it is supposed to make after flowering deflexed ; sepals ovate, obtuse, with membrana-
them lay a great number of eggs, whether in hay, or cut green, ceous margins ; capsules roundish, 3-valved ; valves very blunt,
or in pasture. Von Thaer observes, it is the most nourishing in equalling the calyx in length ; seeds reniform. O. H. Native
proportion to its bulk, of all forage, and gives the best flavoured of New Spain. Alsìne mollugínea, Lag. gen. et spec. 1815.
milk and butter. It has been recommended to be cultivated in p. 13. Petals white. Perhaps a different genus from the pre-
England, but it is not likely that such a plant can ever pay the ceding.
expence of seed and labour in this country, even on the poorest Mollugo-like Sand-spurry. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot.
soil ; or at all events, as Professor Martyn observes, we have 9 S. PROSTRA'TA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 400.) stems
many better plants for such soils. S. pentándra has the same forked, prostrate, glabrous; leaves linear, disposed in whorls
properties, and is, as well as S. arvénsis, called yarr in Scotland extreme branches filiform ; peduncles axillary, 1 or 4-flowered ;
and pick-purse in Norfolk.
sepals lanceolate, unequal, equal in length with the corolla ; style
Corn Spurry or Yarr. Fl. June, July. Brit. Pl. 4 to 1 ft. one; stigmas 3 ; capsules ovate-roundish, 3-valved ; valves
2 S. PENTA'NDRA (Lin. spec. 630.) leaves in whorls ; flowers ovate, bluntish. 4? H. Native of Egypt. Alsìne prostràta,
generally pentandrous ; seeds lenticular, with dotted winged Forsk. descr. p. 201. Delile, fl. ægypt. p. 68. t. 24. f. 4. Flowers
margins. O. H. Native of Europe in woods in many parts.
rose-coloured.
In Ireland on sandy ground. Lam. illus. t. 392. f. 2.-Moris, Prostrate Sand-spurry. Pl. prostrate.
hist. 2. p. 551. sect. 5. t. 23. figure last but one marked 2. 10 S. SUCCULE'NTA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 400.)
Petals white.
stems trailing, small, glabrous; branches forked ; leaves spatu-
Var, B, Spérgula pentándra (Engl. bot. 1536.) seeds com- late; flowers terminal, somewhat panicled; sepals oblong, ob-
pressed, with a narrow, whitish membranous border. O. H. tuse, with membranaceous margins, length of corolla; style 1;
Native about the Botanic Garden at Liverpool. Petals white. stigmas 3 ; capsules rather spherical, 3-valved ; valves lan-
Pentandrous Spurry. Fl. Ju. Jul. England. Pl. 1 to 1} ft. ceolate, with the margins involute after opening. O. H. Na-
3 S. VILLO'SA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 522.) plant pubescent; leaves tive of Egypt. Alsìne succulenta, Delil. fl. ægypt. p. 68. t. 24.
in whorls ; cymes branched, many-flowered; petals shorter than f. 3. Flowers white.
the sepals. 4. S. Native of Monte Video. Poir. dict. 7. p. Succulent Sand-spurry, Pl. trailing.
304. Sepals oblong, acutish. Petals white.
11 S. PURPU'REA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 50. but not of Schlecht.)
Villous Spurry. Fl. July. Pl. foot.
{
plant hispid; stem erect; branches divaricating ; leaves seta-
4 S. visco'sa (Lag, in varied. de cienc. 1805. p. 213. gen. et
.
ceous, almost one-half shorter than the spaces of the stem
spec. 15.) leaves in whorls, villous, clammy; flowers decandrous ; between the leaves; sepals lanceolate, bluntish, with scariose
VOL. I.-PART V.
31
;
-

426
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXVIII. SPERGULARIA. XXIX. DRYMARIA.
margins ; petals very blunt, shorter than the calyx; peduncles Great Sand-spurry. Pl. 1 foot.
after flowering deflexed; seeds somewhat pear-shaped, black. 19 S. CANADE'NSIS (Pers. ench. 3. p. 504.) plant pilose,
O. H. Native of Spain. Capsules of 3 lanceolate, acute rather hispid ; leaves filiform, longer than the spaces of the
valves. A neat little plant with fine purple flowers.
stem between the leaves; sepals lanceolate, bluntish, with broad
Purple Sand-spurry. Fl. Ju. Jul. Cīt. 1823. Pl. 4 to į ft. scarious margins ; stamens 5; peduncles deflexed after flower-
12 S. RU'BRA (Lin. spec. 606.) stems prostrate, hairy; leaves ing; seeds somewhat semicordate, compressed. O. H. Native
linear, bristle-pointed, shorter than the spaces between the of North America on the sea-coast, and in salt marshes from
leaves ; stipulas membranous ; sepals lanceolate, bluntish, with Canada to Carolina. A. rubra ß, Mich. Al. bor. amer. 1. p. 274.
scarious margins ; peduncles defexed after flowering ; seeds Flowers pale red. Capsules rather globose, 3-valved, longer
compressed, angular, roughish at the edge, without a margin. than calyx; valves broad, blunt.
O. H. Native abundantly throughout Europe, as well as the Canadian Sand-spurry. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1812. Pl. trailing,
north of Africa and California, in sandy fields. Smith, engl. 20 S. CERVIA'NA (Cham. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 52.)
bot. t. 852. A. campestris, All. ped. 2. p. 114. Flowers light- smooth ; stems spreading, dichotomous : leaves linear, thick,
purple; capsules 3-valved, as long as the calyx.
mucronate, stipulate ; flowers dichotomously-panicled, glomer-
Red-flowering Sand-spurry. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. Pl. ate; capsule 3-valved, exceeding the calyx ; seeds kidney-
prostrate.
shaped, angular, tubercled. 2. G. Native of Chili. Habit
13 S. SALI'NA (Presl. fl. cich. p. 23.) leaves semi-cylindrical, of S. rubra.
fleshy, pointless, longer than the spaces between the leaves; Cervian's Sand-spurry. Pl. } foot.
stipulas membranaceous, sheathing; capsules oblong, larger than 21 S. viscoso-PUBE'SCENS (Lois. in Lin. trans. par. vol. 4.)
the calyx; seeds compressed, angular, roughish. O. H. Na- root thick; stems prostrate ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, rather
tive of Bohemia in salt pastures.
Arenària salina, Ser. mss. longer than the internodes; stipulas membranous, sheathing a
in D. C. prod. 1. p. 401. Flowers light purple. This plant is
This plant is little ; flowers in racemose panicles; petals and capsule shorter
said to be like A. marina, and probably is not distinct.
than the calyx; sepals obtuse, marginate. 4. H. Native
Salt-marsh Sand-spurry. FI. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. prostr. of Corsica. Flowers red?
14 S. GLUTINÒSA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 344.) plant villous, Clammy-pubescent Sand-spurry. Pl. prostrate.
clammy; leaves oblong, bluntish; stem erect, few-flowered; 22 S. RUPE'STRIS (Camb. in St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 172.) pu-
petals obovate, longer than the calyx. O. H. Native between berulous ; leaves linear, awl-shaped, longer than the spaces of
Astracan and Kisljar. A little plant with the appearance of a the stem between the leaves; cymes few-flowered; sepals obtuse,
Cerastium, and flowers size, form, and colour of S. rùbra. equal in length with the petals. 4. F. Native of Brazil in
Clammy Sand-spurry. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
the province of Cis-platine, in the fissures of rocks. Root
15 S. ŠPE'RGULA (Duf. ann. gen. 7. p. 293.) plant prostrate, woody, thick.
woody, thick. The whole plant is beset with glandular hairs.
pubescent; leaves linear, fleshy, longer than the spaces of the Petals white.
stem between the leaves ; peduncles rather leaning to one side, Rock Sand-spurry. Pl. ] foot.
at length twisted backwards; sepals somewhat acute, shorter 23 S. LE'vis (Camb. in St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 176.) smooth;
than the capsules ; petals scarcely the length of the calyx ; seeds leaves linear, awl-shaped, longer than the internodes; cymes few-
girded by a membranaceous border. O. H. Native of humid flowered; petals 4 times shorter than the acute sepals. 4. F.
sandy fields near St. Filipe. Petals red. An intermediate Native of Brazil in the Eastern part of the province of Cis-pla-
plant between S. rubra and S. marina,
tine. Stems numerous from the root, which is the case with
Spurry-like Sand-spurry. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. prostrate. most of the species. Flowers white.
16 S. ME'DIA (Lin. spec. 606.) stems prostrate, villous ; leaves Smooth Sand-spurry. Pl. 1 foot.
semi-cylindrical, fleshy, pointless, equal in length to the spaces of 24 S. RACEMÒSA (Camb. in St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 178.) pu-
the stem between the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, bluntish, with sca- berulous ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, lower ones longer than the
rious margins; peduncles deflexed after flowering ; seeds girded spaces of the stem between the leaves, but the upper ones are
by a membranaceous margin. O. H. Native of many parts much shorter ; cymes racemose, many-flowered ; petals 3-times
of Europe on the sandy sea-coast and pastures adjacent. A.
A. shorter than the oblong-lanceolate bluntish sepals. 4. F. Na-
marina, A. dan. t. 740. Smith, engl. bot. t. 958. A. marginàta, tive about Monte-Video.
tive about Monte-Video. Flowers white.
D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 793. icon. rar. gall
. t. 48. A. glandulòsa, Jacq. Racemose-flowered Sand-spurry. Pl. 14 foot.
hort. schoenbr. 3. p. 355. A. rubra B, Lin. spec. 606.
.
A. Cult. None of the species are worth cultivating for orna-
rubra
72 Huds. 199. A much stouter and more succulent plant ment; they will all thrive well on rock-work in any common
than S. rùbra. The border round the seeds is very variable in garden soil. The Brazilian species will require shelter during
colour and width, even in the same capsule. Flower light-purple. winter.
Intermediate Sea-spurry. Fl. Ju. Jul. Brit. Pl.
Pl. prostrate.
17 S. RADICANS (Presl. ex Spreng. 2. p. 400.) stem prostrate, XXIX. DRYMA'RIA (from Opupos, drymos, a forest; ha-
glabrous; leaves filiform, semi-cylindrical, obtuse ; stipulas ovate, bitation of most of the species). Willd. herb. ex Roem. and
scarious ; flowers axillary; capsule equal in length to the calyx; Schult. syst. 5. p. 406. H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6.
seeds compressed. 4. H. Native of Mount Etna. Arenària, p. 21. Ď. C. prod. 1. p.
395.
Spreng. 1. c. Flowers red.
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
Rooting Sea-spurry. Pl. prostrate.
5, bifid. Stamens 5. Styles 3. Capsules 3-valved even to
18 S. GRA'NDIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. the base, 5 and many-seeded. Embryo perepheric, rather an-
30. in a note) leaves linear, acute, in whorls, longer than the nular.–Diffuse-branched, glaucous herbs, with petiolar, twin, and
spaces of the stems between the leaves ; cymes corymbose, many-
many stipulas.
flowered ; sepals oblong, acutish, longer than the petals; seeds 1 D. FRANKENIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6.
girded by a membranaceous white wing. O. H. Native about p. 21. t. 515.) plant much branched, viscid from glandular hairs,
Monte Video. Spergula grandis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 522. Poir. hoary ; leaves on short footstalks, lanceolate-oblong; peduncles
dict. 7. p. 305. Stems thick. Flowers white, purple at 1-flowered ; petals shorter than the calyx, 6-cleft, with the 4
intermediate segments capillaceous ; ovary containing about 50
the tip.
1

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXIX. DRYMARIA. XXX. SCHIEDEA. XXXI. STELLARIA.
427
a
-
p. 396.
seeds. O. S. Native of South America in the sand near well as the style being longer. Plant rather glaucous, diffuse.
Pachuca, at the height of 3810 feet. D. arenarioides, Rom. et Petals white.
Schult. syst. p. 406. Seeds angular, reniform, thickly beset Divaricated-peduncled Drymaria. Fl. July, Sept. Pl., ft.
1
with very minute tubercles. Petals white.
Cult. Drymària is a genus of chickweed-looking plants, con-
Frankenia-like Drymaria. Pl. trailing.
sequently not worth cultivating, except in botanical gardens.
2 D. STELLARIOI' DES (Willd. herb. ex Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. They only require to be sown in pots in the spring, and placed
p. 406.) stems dichotomous at the apex, few-flowered ; leaves in a hot-bed. In the month of May they may be planted out
sessile, glabrous ; calyx viscid, pubescent, shorter than the bifid in the open border in a warm situation. If kept in a stove
petals ; ovary containing about 50 seeds. O. S. Native of most of them will prove perennial. A sandy soil suits them best.
Quito near Hambato at the height of 4140 feet. H. B. et
Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 22. Petals white.
Stitch-wort-like Drymaria. Fl. July, Sept. Pl. trailing.
XXX. SCHI'EDEA (William Schiede, a German botanist
3 D. OVA'TA (Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 406.) stems villous
now in Mexico). Cham. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 45.
at the top as well as the branches ; leaves stalked, ovate, acute,
Lin. syst. Decándria, Trigynia.
LIN
Calyx of 5 permanent
mucronated, rounded at the base, puberulous ; peduncles bifid,
sepals. Petals 5, minute, bifid, permanent, shorter than the
few-flowered ; calyx glabrous, equalling in length the corolla ;
calyx. Stamens 10. Styles 3, stigmatose on the inside. Cap-
.
petals profoundly bifid; ovary containing 13 to 17 seeds. O.H.
sule sessile, 1-celled, 3-valved, opening nearly to the base with
a seminiferous nerve in the middle of each valve. Seeds 10-12,
Native near Quito at the height of 4380 feet. H. B. et Kunth,
orbicular, emarginate. A branched, knotted, bifurcate shrub,
nov. gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 23. Petals white.
Ovate-leaved Drymaria. Fl. July, Sept. Pl. trailing.
about 3 feet high. Leaves small, opposite, connate at the base.
4 D. CORDA'TA (Willd. herb. ex Roem. et Schult. 5. p. 406.)
Flowers small, white, in panicles.
stems as well as leaves glabrous; leaves ovate, roundish, acute,
1 S. LIGUSTRI'NA (Cham. 1. c. 1. p. 46.). Þ.G. Native of
mucronated, rounded or obsoletely cordate at the base, on
the Sandwich Islands, particularly in o Wahu.
Privet-like Schiedea. Shrub 3 feet.
short footstalks ; peduncles dichotomous, many-flowered ; calyx
Cult. This shrub will grow in a mixture of loam and sand,
downy, exceeding in length the petals ; ovary 7-10-seeded.
and
2. S. Native of the West Indies and Surinam. H. B. et
young cuttings will strike root under a hand-glass.
Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 23.
23. Holosteum cordatum,
Lin. amen. 3. p. 21. mant. 327. Lam. ill. t. 51. f. 2. Petals XXXI. STELLA'RIA (from stella, a star, because of the stel-
white. Plant glaucous.
late disposition of the petals). Lin. gen. no. 773. Gært. fruct.
Cordate-leaved Drymaria. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1814. Pl. 2. t. 130. f. 3. D. C. prod. 1.
creeping.
LIN. SYST. Octo-Decandria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted.
5 D. GRACILIS (Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa 5. p. 232.) like Petals 5, bifid. Stamens 10, or from abortion only 3-8. Styles
D. cordàta, but differs in the leaves being more ovate, never 3. Capsules 1-celled, 6-valved at the apex, many-seeded.
dilated nor kidney-shaped, longer than the capillary petioles ; 1 S. NE'MORUM (Lin. spec. 603.) lower leaves cordate, stalked,
peduncles and calyxes smooth, not clothed with glandular down upper ones ovate or lanceolate, almost sessile ; panicles repeat-
as in that plant. The whole plant is more erect, and of a paler edly forked ; petals twice as long as the calyx; seeds orbicular,
green colour, and the seeds are much larger. O. H. Native compressed, with a tubercled margin. 4. H. Native of many
of Mexico at Jalapa.
places in Europe in moist woods and in the neighbourhood of
Slender Drymaria. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1828. Pl. I foot. springs. In the north of England and in the Lowlands of
6 D. PALUSTRIS (Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa 5. p. 232.) Scotland. Smith, engl. bot. t. 92. Fl. dan. 271. Alsìne né-
like D. cordàta, but with a much more slender habit, and morum, Schreb. spic. 30. Root slender, creeping. Stems strag-
with the leaves nearly 3 times smaller ; bracteas broader and gling, with a few hairs. Leaves pale-green. Flowers numerous,
a
blunter ; seeds smaller and echinately-muricated, not granular ; white.
peduncles and calyxes smooth ; leaves roundish-ovate, rather Grove Stitchwort. Fl. May, June. Britain. Pl. straggling.
cordate, acutish, younger ones and stems villous. 4. F. Na- 2 S. CUSPIDA'TA (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816.
tive of Mexico at Jalapa.
p. 196.) stems dichotomous, glabrous; leaves stalked, ovate-
Marsh Drymaria. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1830.
Clt. 1830. Pl. creeping. oblong, acuminated, cordate, membranaceous, glabrous ; pedun-
7 D. VILLÒSA (Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa 5. p. 232.) like cles from the wings; calyx pilose, ciliated at the base, clammy;
the rest, but the whole plant is villous ; seeds smaller, tuber- ovary containing about 30 seeds. 2. H. Native of South
culated, not muricated. 2. F. Native of Mexico.
America in groves in the province of Quito as well as in Chili.
Villous Drymaria. Fl. April
, Sep. Pl. I to { foot.
H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 27. Very like Stel-
8 D. DIA'NDRA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 647.) lària némorum. Plant straggling, pale green. Flowers white.
branched, puberulous; leaves roundish-ovate, mucronate, smooth, Cuspidate-leaved Stitchwort. Fl. May, June. Pl. strag-
tapering to the base; peduncles bifid ; flowers diandrous ; calyx gling
clothed with glandular pubescence ; petals profoundly bifid; 3 S. SAXIFRAGA (Bert. pl. ital. rar. ed. 1. p. 55. no. 4.) plant
capsule 1-seeded. 4. S. Native of Java. Allied to D. ovàta pubescent, diffuse ; leaves sessile, ovate, acute, dilated at the
and D. cordàta.
base, rough; panicles dichotomous; peduncles terminal, gene-
Diandrous Drymaria. Pl. trailing.
rally in threes, lateral ones furnished with bracteas; sepals
9 D. DIVARICATA (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 24.) narrow-lanceolate, one-half shorter than the petals; seeds rather
stems as well as leaves glabrous; leaves stalked, broadly round- kidney-shaped, rough. 4. H. Native of Italy on the Peak
ish-ovate, acute, rounded at the base; peduncles irregularly of Sagra in the Alps of Appuanus. Flowers white.
branched, divaricating, many-flowered ; calyx glabrous, a little Saxifrage Stitchwort. Fl. May, June. Pl. diffuse.
shorter than the petals ; ovary containing about 8 seeds. O. H. 4 S. CORDA'TA (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1813.
Native on the shores of the Pacific ocean, near Lima in Peru. p. 179.) leaves roundish-cordate; peduncles axillary. 4. H.
Differing from D. cordàta in the peduncles being irregularly Native of South America near Caripe. Flowers white. .
branched, with longer pedicels. Petals exceeding the calyx, as Cordate-leaved Stitchwort. Pl. trailing ?
.
a
1
3 1 2

428
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXI. STELLARIA.
5 S. VIRGA'TA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 396.) plant Intermediate Stitchwort or common Chickweed. Fl. March,
glabrous; stem upright, dichotomous; leaves ovate-cordate, Nov. Britain. Pl. trailing.
3-nerved ; flowers terminal, 3 or 4 in an umbel, on short pe- 13 S. MONO'GYNA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 215.) stamens 5;
duncles; sepals oblong, bluntish, with scarious margins, much stem much branched, procumbent, glabrous, bearded at the
longer than the corolla ; styles very short. 2.H? Native of ?
2.H? Native of? joints ; leaves roundish, nerved, glabrous, stalked ; umbels
Alsìne virgàta, Deless. herb.
dichotomous, stalked ; style simple, crowned by 3 stigmas. O
Twiggy Stitchwort. Pl. } foot.
H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers white.
6 s. ? ARISTA'TA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 396.) stems One-styled Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. trailing.
tufted, dichotomous ; leaves ovate, awned at the apex, ciliated
,
14 S. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Poir. dict. 7. p. 416.) leaves stalked,
at the base, spreading ; flowers cymose, stalked; sepals lan- round, thickish, 3-nerved, rather mucronate; panicle terminal,
ceolate, shorter than the corolla ; petals bidentate; stamens 5; with twiggy branches ; corolla longer than the sepals.-Native
ovary ovate; style 1 ; stigmas 3. 2. H. Native of Mexico. of the Straits of Magellan. Perhaps a species of Drymària?
Alsìne ? aristàta. Moc. et Sesse, pl. ined. icon. Flowers white. Round-leaved Stitchwort. Fl. June. Pl. trailing.
Awned-leaved Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. foot.
15 S. CILIA'TA (Vahl. in herb. Juss. Pers. ench. 1. p. 503.
7 S. RA'DIANS (Lin. spec. 603.) stem dichotomous ; leaves but not of Kunth, nor Scop.) leaves cordate, acute, small, on
lanceolate, acute, somewhat serrulated; petals 5-parted, twice short footstalks, which are ciliated ; flowers axillary, solitary ;
as long as the calyx. O? H.
O? H. Native of Siberia in bogs. petals hardly exceeding the calyx.--Native of Peru. Petals
Poir. dict. 7. p. 416. Wikstroem, acad. handl. 1822. Flowers white.
white. Leaves hairy, veined.
Ciliated-footstalked Stitchwort. Pl. trailing.
Var. B, uniflora (D. C. prod. 1. p. 396.) stem simple, 1- 16 S. DICHOʻTOMA (Lin. spec. 603, but not of Willd. herb.)
p
flowered.—Amm. stirp. ruth. t. 10.
plant hairy ; leaves cordate, ovate, half stem-clasping ; stems
Radiant Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 1 foot. dichotomous ; flowers solitary; fruit-bearing peduncles reflexed;
8 S. VILLÒSA (Poir. dict. 7. p. 416. but not of Schlecht.) stems sepals lanceolate, acute, exceeding the petals. O ? H. Native
and peduncles hairy ; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, pubescent; of Siberia on the Alps. Smith, icon. ined. 1. p. 14. t. 14. Pe-
flowers on long stalks, somewhat panicled, terminal; petals tals white.
much longer than the calyx. 4. S. Native of the island of Dichotomous-stemmed Stitchwort. Fl. year. Pl. 1 foot.
Bourbon. Flowers white.
17 S. PU'BERA (Michx. A. bor. amer. 1. p. 273.) plant
Villous Stitch-wort. Pl. foot.
downy ; leaves oval, ciliated; pedicels erect, shortish; sepals
9 S. LATIFÒLIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 501.) stems diffuse, forked, ovate; petals longer than the calyx. 4. H. Native of North
rooting a little at the base ; leaves ovate, lower ones stalked, America from Pennsylvania to North Carolina in shady woods
rather cordate, upper ones sessile ; pedicels axillary, younger on rich soil. Flowers large, white.
ones crowded into umbels; fruit-bearing ones reflexed; petals Downy Stitchwort. Fl. May, June. Pl. trailing?
shorter than the calyx ; seeds disciform, rough. O. H. Native 18 S. BULBÒSA (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 3. p. 21. icon. rar. 3. t.
about Montpelier, and of Germany, in watery places. D. C. fl. 468.) leaves broad, ovate, lanceolate, veinless on the under
fr. suppl. 5. p. 614. Stellària Cerastium, Lin. syst. veg. ed. 15. surface; stem rather branched ; peduncles 1-flowered; sepals lan-
Flowers white.
ceolate, acute, shorter than the petals; root filiform, creeping,
Broad-leaved Stitchwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 bearing bulbs. 4. H. Native of Carinthia on the Alps in shady,
foot.
moist places. Petals white. Anthers at first red, then black.
10 S. JAMESÒNII (Torrey in ann. lyc. new york, vol. 2. 1827.) Bulbous-rooted Stitchwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1823. Pl.
plant clothed with clammy pubescence ; leaves lanceolate, some- 1 to foot.
what falcate, sessile, acute; stem rather branched, yellow; 19 S. viscida (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 342.) plant villous,
flowers loosely panicled, divaricate; petals 2-lobed, about twice clammy; leaves linear-lanceolate; stems dichotomous erect;
the length of the oblong, acute sepals. 4. H. Native of North
2. H. Native of North petals longer than the calyx; capsules rather cylindrical, twice
America on the Rocky Mountains.
as long as the lanceolate sepais. O. H. Native of Hungary,
Jameson's Stitchwort. Pl. į foot.
Tauria, and Caucasus, in fields. Cerastium anómalum, Willd.
11 S. LANCEOLA'TA (Poir. dict. 7. p. 416.) leaves lanceolate,
spec. 2. p. 812.
p. 812. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. t. 22. Petals white.
oblong, acute ; panicle pubescent; sepals longer than the corolla. This is probably a species of Moenchia.
4 ? H. Native of the Straits of Magellan. Flowers white. Var. B, glabriúscula (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 307.) smoothish.
Lanceolate-leaved Stitchwort. Pl. į foot.
Viscid Stitchwort. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1820. Pl. I to 4 ft.
12 S. Me'dia (With. 418. Smith, engl. bot. t. 537.) stems 20 S. SABULOSA (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 397.) plant
procumbent, with an alternate hairy line on one side ; leaves villous, clammy; leaves linear, very narrow ; stems dichoto-
ovate; peduncles solitary, axillary; fruit-bearing ones deflexed; mously-panicled ; petals hardly longer than the calyx; capsules
capsules profoundly 6-valved, scarcely longer than the calyx ; rather cylindrical, almost twice the length of the lanceolate
seeds somewhat kidney-shaped, rough. O. H. Common every sepals. O? H.
O ? H. Native of Persia about Lenk-heran. Per-
where throughout the world in waste and cultivated grounds. haps only a variety of S. dubia of Bast? Petals white.
Alsìne mèdia, Lin. spec. 389. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. 20. Gravel Stitchwort. Pl. 1 to į foot.
Lam. ill. t. 214. Fl. dan. t. 438 and 525. Stamens 3-5 or 10. 21 S. DU'BIA (Bast. suppl. p. 24. D. C. f. fr. suppl. p. 614.)
Plant pale-green. Petals white. Small birds and poultry eat leaves linear, glabrous, rather ciliated on the margins; stem
the seeds and whole herb. The latter may be boiled for the erect; peduncles erect ; sepals 3-nerved. O. H. Native of
table like spinach.
France. Cerastium arvense trígynum, Bast. fl. Maine et Loire,
Var. B, Javénsis (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 647.) p. 163. Petals white.
stem procumbent, with an obverse lateral villous alternate Doubtful Stitchwort. Pl. foot.
line ; leaves ovate, smooth, veinless, upper ones 'sessile ; pedicels 22 S. MONOSPERMA (Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, fl. prod. nep.
axillary, and are as well as the calyxes hairy; young pedicels p. 215.) leaves broadly lanceolate, acuminated, sessile, and are
umbellately aggregate; fructiferous ones reflexed ; petals bifid, glabrous, as well as the erect stem; panicle terminal, trichoto-
shorter than the calyx ; seed rather reniform, wrinkled.
mous, many-flowered; calyx glabrous, obtuse, shorter than the
p. 452.

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXI. STELLARIA.
429
4. H.
Root creeping
corolla ; capsules 1-seeded. 4. H. Native of Nipaul at Na-Smith, engl. bot. t. 825. S. palustris, Retz. prod. 106. S.
rainhetty. S. crispåta, Wall, in litt. Of all the species of mèdia, Sibth. 141. S. gramínea B, Lin. spec. 604. Petals
Stellària this is the largest. Leaves 6 inches long, and an inch white. -Anther pale-red.
or an inch and a half broad. Panicle large, divaricating, many- Glaucous Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. foot.
flowered. Flowers white, and about the size of those of S. 31 S. FALCA'TA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 398.) plant
Holóstea.
downy; stem firm, branched at the base; leaves linear, falcate,
One-seeded Stitchwort. Fl. Oct. Pl. 11 to 2 feet.
stiff, numerous; flowers somewhat corymbose; peduncles long,
23 S. PA'TENS (D. Don, fl. prod. nep. p. 215.) leaves linear- thickish ; sepals lanceolate, somewhat keeled, shorter than the
lanceolate, acute, sessile, and are as well as the decumbent stem petals. 2. H. Native on the eastern shore of Lake Baical,
villous; peduncles axillary, trichotomous, few-flowered ; sepals and in Dahuria. Petals white.
acute, glabrous, about the length of the petals. 4. H. Native Sickle-leaved Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
of Nipaul. S. longifolia, Wall. mss. Flowers wbite.
32 S. EDWA'RDSII (Rr. Br. in app. to Parry's voy. p. 13.)
Spreading Stitchwort. Pl. decumbent.
leaves ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, nerveless, shining ; pe-
24 S. HOLO'STEA (Lin. spec. 711.) leaves lanceolate, acumi- duncles terminal, 1-flowered or trifid : petals longer than the 3-
nated, serrulated, rather scabrous, upper ones broader and nerved calyx ; anthers purple. 4. H. Native of Melville
shorter than the lower ones; peduncles long, filiform ; petals Island, Chester Inlet. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 96. t. 31. There
inversely heart-shaped, longer than the lanceolate acute sepals. are two varieties of this plant with 1 or 3-flowered peduncles,
Native throughout Europe in groves, thickets, and hairy, and smooth stems.
dry hedge bottoms. Smith, engl. bot. t. 511. Curt. lond. fasc. Edwards's Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. I foot.
2. t. 30. Fl. dan. 698. Stems square ; they stick by their 33 S. NITIDA (Hook. in Scorsby, greenl. p. 411.) leaves lan-
rough angles and the edges of the leaves to any thing that comes ceolate, rather 3-nerved; flowers somewhat panicled ; anthers
in their way. Flowers large, white, panicled. Plant glaucous. yellow. 4. H. Native of Greenland and Eschscholtz Bay.
Shining Stitchwort. Pl. I to į foot.
1
All bone or Greater Stitchwort. Fl. May. Britain. Pl. 1 34 S. STRICTA (Richard in Frankl. 2nd journ. ed. 2. append.
to 2 feet.
p. 15. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 90.) plant erect, shining, or rather
25 S. LAXMA'NNI (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 397.) stem glaucous; leaves linear, awl-shaped, erect, stiff; panicle termi-
erect, few-flowered; leaves linear, acute, entire, almost gla- nal; petals linear, longer than the crenate, 2-nerved sepals ;
brous; peduncles filiform, long; petals 2-lobed, almost double anthers purple. 4. H. Native of North America from Lake
the length of the acute lanceolate sepals. 4? H. Native of Winepeg to the Bear Lake, and from Hudson's Bay to the
Eastern Siberia. Flowers white.
Rocky Mountains. S. pubéscens, Rich. in Frankl. 1st journ.
Laxmann's Stitchwort. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. Pl. foot. ed. 1. app. no. 164. Stem pubescent, pilose.
26 S. VELUTI'NA (Ser. mss. in Ď. C. prod. 1. p. 397.) plant
D.
Var. ß; stem smooth. S. pubescens B, Richard. 1. c.
clothed with soft hairs ; leaves oblong-linear, distant; peduncles Var. Y; upper leaves glaucous.
long, filiform ; petals 2-lobed, longer than the oblong sepals. Straight Stitchwort. Pl. foot.
2. H. Native of Siberia ? S. mollis, Fisch. in litt. but not 35 S. CRASSIFÒLIA (Ehrh. beitr. 3. p. 60.) leaves ovate-lan-
of Schlecht. Flowers white.
ceolate, thickish, entire, smooth ; peduncles solitary from the
Velvety Stitchwort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. į to 1 ft. forks of the stem. 4. H. Native of Germany and Siberia in
27 S. SAXA'TILIS (Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, fl. prod. nep. p.
moist meadows. Plant glaucous.
215.) leaves flat, elliptical-oblong, and are as well as the erect Thick-leaved Stitchwort. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Pl. 4 to 1
stem tomentose; peduncles axillary, trichotomous, many-flower- foot.
ed; sepals acuminated, tomentose, longer than the corolla. 4. 36 S. BREVIFÒLIA (Schum. pl. zeel. p. 142.) leaves lanceo-
H. Native among stones at Bheempedi in Nipaul. Flowers late; peduncles solitary, axillary, longer than the leaves; petals
white.
cleft beyond the middle, about the length of the sepals. 4.H.
Stone Stitchwort. Fl. April, May. Pl. 1 foot.
Native of Zealand by the sea-side. Eder. fl. dan. t. 415.
28 S. GRAMI'NEA (Lin. spec. 604.) leaves linear, with smooth Flowers white.
margins; stems diffuse; flowers panicled, spreading ; petals Short-leaved Stitchwort. Fl. May, June. Pl. 4 to 1 foot.
length of or longer than the calyx. 4. H. Native nearly 37 S. AQUA'TICA (Poll. pal. no. 422. but not of Scop.) leaves
throughout Europe in heathy pastures, in bushy places, on a elliptic-lanceolate, entire, with a callous tip; petals profoundly
gravelly or sandy soil, and the margins of woods ; also in Una- 2-parted, shorter than the calyx ; capsules ovate-oblong, a little
laschka, (Cham.) Smith, engl. bot. 803. Fl. dan. 414. S. longer than the calyx; stems weak. O. H. Native through-
arvensis, Hoffm. germ. for 1791. p. 152. . Plant green, not out Europe, and in the island of Unalaschka, also in Britain,
glaucous. Petals white. Anthers reddish.
in rivulets, springs, and watery spots. S. uliginosa, Murr.
Grassy or Lesser Stitchwort. Fl. May. Britain. Pl. 1 foot. comm. gött. 55. Smith, engl. bot. 1074. Curt. lond. fasc. 6.
29 S. FRIESIA'NA (Ser. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 397.) leaves t. 28. S. gramínea y, Lin. fl. suec. ed. 2. p. 150. S. hypericifolia,
linear, channelled with the margins and keels rough, and base Wiggers Holsat. 34. S. Dilleniàna, Leers, 107. S. lateriflòra,
ciliated; stem flaccid ; peduncles solitary ; calyx nerveless, , Krok. siles. 2. p. 52. t. 4. S. fontàna, Jacq. coll. 1. p. 327. S.
equal in length to the petals. 4. H. Native of Smoland at Alsìne, Hoffm. I. germ. for 1791. p. 153. t. 5. Larbrèa aquá-
Fremsjo. S. longifòlia, Fries. in Billb. svensk. bot. ex Spreng. tica, St. Hil. Herb smooth, somewhat glaucous. Stems square.
neue. entd. 3. p. 217. but not of Muhl, in Willd. enum.
Flowers small, white, in irregular lateral and terminal panicles.
Fries's Stitchwort. Fl. May, June. Pl. } foot.
This is probably the Larbrèa aquática of St. Hil. but whether
30 S. GLAU'ca (With. bot. arrang. 1. p. 420.) plant glaucous ; ; the stamens are perigynous in the British plant we have not ma-
leaves linear-lanceolate, with smooth margins, floral ones sca- terials at present to decide.
rious; petals twice as long as the calyx ; peduncles partly scat- Water or Bog Stitchwort. Fl. June. Britain. Pl. 1 foot.
tered ; stem erectish, weak. 4. H. Native almost through- 38 S. UNDULA'TA (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 185.) leaves oblong,
out Europe in moist meadows, bogs, and the margins of ditches acute, undulate, length of the spaces of stem between the leaves ;
and ponds, where the soil is gravelly. Plentiful in Britain. flowers axillary and terminal ; peduncles capillary, longer than
t

430
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXI. STELLARIA.
the leaves ; calyx glabrous ; stem decumbent, herbaceous. 4? stem diffuse ; leaves on very short petioles, ovate, acuminated
H. Native of Japan. Petals white. Peduncles 2-3 together. with repandly waved margins; flowers solitary, axillary; petals
Undulate-leaved Stitchwort. Pl. decumbent.
much shorter than the calyx; capsule equalling the calyx.
39 S. TETRAGONA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 4 ? H. Native of Unalaschka. Stem tetragonal, decumbent.
647.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, undulated, sessile ; pedun- Flowers the size of Arenària trinérvia.
, ,
cles 1-flowered, axillary, umbellately aggregate ; sepals lanceo- Curled Stitchwort. Pl. decumbent.
late, acuminated, twice the length of the petals ; stem herba- 47 S.? ARENA`RIA (Lin. spec. 604.) leaves spatulate ; stem
ceous, tetragonal. 4. S. Native of Java. Flowers white. erect, bifid, clammy, with alternate branches ; petals emarginate.
Allied to S. undulàta.
O. H. Native of Spain. This plant is also perhaps referable
Square-stemmed Stitchwort. Pl. 1 foot.
to the genus Arenària. Petals white.
40 S. CERASTIOIDES (Lin. spec. 604.) leaves oblong, bluntish, Sand Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1799. Pl. į foot.
glabrous; stems with a hairy lateral line; peduncles downy, in 48 S. SCAPI'GERA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 716.) stems angular,
pairs, 1-flowered, fruit-bearing ones deflexed; petals larger
larger erect; leaves linear-lanceolate, much crowded, with rough mar-
than the calyx; capsules oblong, almost twice as long as the gins, and ciliated at their base ; peduncles elongated, filiform, 1-
obtuse sepals, which have a single hairy line ; stems tufted, flowered, and disposed in something like umbels; petals deeply
procumbent, rooting. 27. H. Native of humid grassy places, divided, about the length of the calyx; sepals lanceolate, 3-nerved,
on the Alps of Europe and the Pyrenees. In the Highlands of ciliated. . 2. H. Native of Scotland by sides of rivulets on
Scotland; on Ben Nevis, on the mountains to the north of Inver- the mountains; in Perthshire, and about Loch Nevis, Inver-
cauld, and on the mountains about Killin. Smith, engl. bot. t. ness-shire. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1269. Don, herb. brit. 10.
911. Fl. dan. 96. Cerastium trígynum, Vill. delph. 3. p. 645.
Petals white.
t. 96. Cerastium refractum, All. ped. no. 1728. Cerastium Scape-bearing Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Scotland. Pl. 1 ft.
stellarioides, Hartm. Flowers small, white. Stamens 8 or 10, 49 S. FISCHERIA'NA (Ser. mss. in D. Č. prod. 1. p. 398.)
C. 1
when the styles are more than their proper number.
leaves lanceolate, acute, distant, smoothish ; peduncles in pairs,
Var. B, triflòra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 398.) leaves broader, nu- very long, capillary; petals hardly equalling the calyx in length;
merous, glabrous. 4. H. Native of Carinthia on the Alps. sepals lanceolate, 1-nerved. 2. H. Native of Siberia. Very
S. cerastioides, Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 254. t. 19. S. multi- like S. scapígera, according to Fischer. Flowers white.
caulis, Jacq. Stem erect. Peduncles 2-3 together.
Fischer's Stitchwort. Fl. June. Pl. 1 foot.
Chickweed-like Stitchwort. Fl. June. Scotland. Pl. creeping. 50 S. FLO'RIDA (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 399.) leaves
41 S. LÆTA (Richards. in Frankl. 1st jour. ed. 2. app. p. lanceolate, acute, firm, ciliated; peduncles terminal and lateral,
16.) stem erect, and is as well as the leaves quite smooth, glau- very long, and generally solitary, stiff; petals exceeding the
cous; leaves linear-lanceolate, keeled, acute; peduncles subge- calyx; sepals lanceolate, somewhat 3-nerved ; capsules exceed-
minate, terminal; petals a little longer than the obscurely 3- ing the calyx, with rather revolute valves. 4 ? H. Native of
nerved, smooth, or pubescent calyx. 4. H. Native of Arctic Kamtschatka. Flowers white.
America from the great Bear Lake to the shores of the Arctic Florid Stitchwort. Pl. 1 foot ?
sea and on the Rocky Mountains. Leaves erect. Anthers 51 S. PALLASIA'NA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 399.)
white, or when dry, yellowish-brown.
leaves ovate, sessile, and are as well as the forked stems pubes-
Fruitful Stitchwort. Pl. decumbent.
cent; fruit-bearing peduncles reflexed, almost double the
42 S. GRACILIS (Richards. ex Spreng. syst. app. 1. p. 180.) length of the leaves. 4? H. Native of Siberia. S. dichó-
stem slender, quadrangular, and are, as well as the lanceolate toma, Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 194. but
leaves, nerveless and very smooth; sterile branches terminated not of Lin. Flowers white.
by a leafy bud; flowers solitary, nearly terminal ; sepals 3- Pallas's Stitchwort. Pl. 1 foot.
nerved, rather shorter than the calyx. 2.H. Native of Hud- 52 S. STEPHANIA'NA (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag.
son's Bay.
1816. p. 194.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, sessile, and
Slender Stitchwort. Pl. { foot.
are as well as the forked stems villous; flowers axillary, solitary,
43 S. HUMIFU'SA (Swartz, nov. act. holm. 1787. p. 111. t. and terminal ; fruit-bearing peduncles erectish, length of leaves.
4. f. 1.) leaves ovate, rather leaning to one side, sessile ; stems 4 ?H. Native of Siberia. Very like S. dichotoma, but every
procumbent, square; peduncles solitary, short; sepals ovate, part is much smaller. Flowers white.
obtuse, with membranaceous margins, scarcely equalling in Stephan's Stitchwort. Pl.
Pl. 1 foot.
length the corolla ; petals profoundly 2-parted. 4. H. Na- 53 S. SCHLECHTENDALIA'NA (Ser.mss.in D.C. prod. 1. p.399.)
tive of Sweden and Norway. Vahl. fl. dan. t. 978. Petals white. leaves ovate, cordate, clasping the stem, and are as well as the
Trailing Stitchwort. Fl. My. Ju. Clt
. 1816. Pl. procumbent. forked stems villous ; flowers solitary, axillary, and terminal, on
44 S.? GRÆNLA'NDICA (Retz, prod. fl. scand. ed. 2. no. 552.) short stalks; fruit-bearing peduncles reflexed. 21 ? H. Native
leaves linear, a little ciliated at the base, rather fleshy; petals of Siberia. S. villosa, Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816.
,
, .
emarginate ; sepals very blunt; fruit globose; stems decum-
p.
194. but not of Poir.
bent, 2-flowered.
4. H. Native of Greenland. This plant is Schlechtendahl's Stitchwort. Pl. foot.
perhaps referable to the genus Arenària.
54 S. RUSCIFOLIA (Pall. Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag.
Greenland Stitchwort. Fl. June. Pl. decumbent.
1816. p. 194.) leaves ovate-cordate, glabrous, acute, clasping
45 S. MARGINA'TA (Cham. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 50.) the stem, marginated; flowers axillary, solitary, and terminal,
tufted, densely leafy, smooth; leaves ovate-lanceolate, connate or somewhat aggregate, on long peduncles. 4? H. Native
at the base, with cartilaginous margins, hooked at the apex ; of Siberia. Flowers white.
flowers solitary, axillary; petals and capsule equal in length Butcher's Broom-leaved Stitchwort. Pl. foot.
with the calyx. 4. H. Native of North-west America in 55 S. DIFFUSA (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl.
p.
St. Schischmareff Bay. Petals-white, equalling the calyx in 195.) leaves linear, acutish, glabrous ; stems creeping, diffusely
length. An elegant procumbent smooth species.
branched ; panicle dichotomous, axillary, naked. 2 ? H. Na-
Marginated-leaved Stitchwort. Pl. procumbent.
tive of Siberia. Flowers white.
46 S. CRI'SPA (Cham. in Schlecht. Linnaea. 1. p. 51.) smooth; Diffuse-branched Stitchwort. Pl. creeping.
mag. 1816.

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXI, STELLARIA.
431
XXXII. ARENARIA.
56 S. SUBULA'TA (Boeber. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. capsules pear-shaped. 4. H.
capsules pear-shaped. 4. H. Native of the Pyrenees. Petals
p. 195.) leaves linear, bluntish; flowers corymbose ; petals one- white.
half shorter than the awl-shaped sepals. 4 ? H. Native of Rooting-stemmed Stitchwort.
Pl. prostrate.
Siberia. Petals white.
66 S. RUPESTRIS (Scop. fl. carn. 1. p. 317. t. 18. f. 1.) leaves
Awl-shaped-sepalled Stitchwort. Pl. diffuse.
flat, 3-nerved on the under surface; stems villous, few-flowered;
57 S. DAHU`RICA (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. petals ovate, acuminated, shorter than the calyx. 4?H. Native
p. 195.) leaves lanceolate, very entire, sessile, acute, pubescent of the alps of Carniola. Petals white.
at the base as well as the stems; flowers axillary, solitary; pe- Rock Stitchwort. Pl. trailing.
duncles twice the length of the leaves. 4 ? H. Native of Da- 67 S. EʼLEGANS (Ser. mss. in D.C. prod. 1. p. 400.) stems
huria. Very like S. diffusa, but the leaves are broader and the prostrate at the base ; leaves elliptical, small, glabrous; flowers
flowers solitary and larger. Petals white.
dichotomously panicled ; peduncles twice as long as the calyx,
Dahurian Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. z ft. rather downy ; sepals lanceolate, acute, smoothish, with some-
58 S. MOSQUE'NSIS (Bieb. in Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. what membranaceous margins ; petals twice the length of the
mag. 1816. p. 195.) leaves linear-awl-shaped, shorter than the calyx. 4. H. Native of Siberia and the Altaian mountains.
spaces of the stems between the leaves ; flowers in panicles. Cerastium élegans, Fisch. in litt. Petals white.
2 ? H. Native of Russia near Moscow. Petals white.
Elegant Stitchwort. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. prostrate.
Moscow Stitchwort. Pl. Z foot ?
68 S. LO'NGIPES (Goldie. plant. canad. in edinb. phil. journ.
59 S. SERPYLLIFÒLIA (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. apr. 1822.) plant very smooth; leaves linear-lanceolate ; pe-
1816. p. 26.) stems much branched, procumbent ; leaves on duncles terminal, dichotomously branched, furnished with brac-
short footstalks, ovate, acute, and somewhat mucronate, rounded teas; pedicels very long ; petals broad, obovatė, 2-parted, hardly
at the base, thickish, with the margin as well as the middle longer than the sepals, which are 3-nerved. 7? H. Native of
nerve on the under surface ciliated ; calyx pubescent ; ovary con- North America in woods near Lake Ontaria, and about Mackenzie
taining about 25 seeds. 4. H. Native of South America in River and Bear Lake. Petals white.
the frigid plains of mount Antisana at the height of 6300 Long-pedicelled Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
feet. Flowers white, generally terminal. H. B. et Kunth, nov. Pl. 1 foot.
gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 25.
Cult. None of the species of Stellària are worth cultivating
Wild-Thyme-leaved Stitchwort. Pl. procumbent.
for ornament except the S. Holóstea, which makes a very pretty
60 S. RECURVA'TA (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. border-flower. Most of the species require to be grown in
p. 196.) stems diffuse ; leaves stalked, ovate-oblong, acute, moist shady situations, several of the smaller kinds require to
mucronated, 1-nerved, thickish, keeled, recurved ; nerve on the be grown in pots in a mixture of loam and sand, particularly
under surface, hairy ; calyx glabrous; ovary containing about S. scapígera and S. cerastioèdes, &c. The perennial herba-
40 seeds. 2. H. Native of New Granada in cold places at ceous species are easily increased by dividing the plants at the
the height of 3480 feet. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. root; and the annual ones only require to be sown in the open
amer. 6. p. 26. Flowers white.
border. None of the species require any particular care. The
Recurved-leaved Stitchwort. Pl. foot.
South American kinds require shelter during winter.
61 S. OVATA (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816.
p. 196.) stems diffuse, rather pilose; leaves stalked, somewhat
.
XXXII. ARENA'RIA (from arena, sand, in which most of
rhomboidal, ovate, acute and somewhat mucronate, membran- . the species are found). Lin. gen. no. 774. Gært. fruct. 2. p.
aceous, ciliated; fruit-bearing peduncles diverging, reflexed;
130. f. 9. D. C. prod. 1. p. 400.
hairy at the base ; capsules containing about 20 seeds. 4. H.
LIN. SYST.
Penta-Decándria, Trigynia. Calyx of 5 sepals.
Native of South America in shady places near Caripe. H. B.
Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10, or from abortion fewer. Styles
et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 26. S. ciliàta, Willd. 3. Capsules 1-celled, opening by 3 or 6 teeth at the apex,
herb. ex Kunth, l. c. Petals white.
many-seeded. Small grassy or chickweed-looking alpine plants
Ovate-leaved Stitchwort. Pl. procumbent.
.
without stipulas.
62 S. ELONGA'TA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 289.) stem diffuse,
§ 1. Leaves grassy.
procumbent, pubescent; leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronulate; 1 A. GRAMINIFO'LIA (Schrad. hort.goet. t. 5. neu. journ. 1810.
peduncles lateral, solitary, very long; flowers apetalous. 4?H. 2. p. 139.) stems erect, simple; leaves long, awl-shaped, fili-
Native of Carolina and Georgia.
form, scabrous on the margins from serratures; panicle tricho-
Elongated-peduncled Stitchwort. Pl. procumbent.
tomous, pubescent, lax ; sepals very blunt, 6 times shorter than
63 S. LONGIFOʻLIA (Muhlenb. in Willd. enum. p. 479. but not the obovate petals. 4. H. Native of Caucasus in fields.
of Fries.) leaves linear, acute; panicle terminal; petals acute, Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. no. 852. A. filifòlia, Bieb. fl. taur. no.
2-parted, shorter than the calyx. 4? H. Native of Pennsyl- 852. p. 344. but not of Vahl. Flowers white.
?
p
.
vania. Petals white.
Var. f, glabérrima (D. C. prod. 1. p. 402.) panicle glabrous,
Long-leaved Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Pl.?
Clt. ?
many-flowered ; flowers larger, A. graminifolia, Willd. enum.
64 S. MURA`LIS (Link, enum. 1. p. 459.) plant covered with p. 481. ex Bieb. 1. c. Flowers white.
glandular pubescence ; leaves ovate, fleshy, tapering into the Grass-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl.
footstalk at the base ; petals cut, scarcely longer than the calyx. to foot.
O. H. Native of Crete. Arenària muralis, Sieb. cret. exsic. 2 A. LONGIFO'LIA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 345. suppl. 308.) leaves
Sepals acute, nervous. This is an intermediate plant between awl-shaped, filiform, serrulated ; stems erect, simple; panicle
Stellaria and Arenària. Petals white.
trichotomous, glabrous, crowded ; sepals ovate, obtuse, not
Wall Stitchwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Pl.
Pl. procum-
half the length of the obovate petals. 4. H. Native of Siberia
bent.
on the Lower Volga.—Gmel. sib. 4. p. 157. no. 65. t. 63. f. 2.
65 S. RADICANS (Lapeyr. fl. pyr. t. 93. ex abr. p. 250.) stems Very like A. graminif òlia, but the flowers are smaller, and
terete, prostrate, rooting, many-flowered ; leaves elliptical, ob- more numerous, and the sepals are narrower and keeled.
tuse, shining, cauline ones leaning to one side ; peduncles diva- Flowers white.
ricating ; sepals linear, obtuse, twice as long as the petals ;
;
Long-leaved Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. to ft.

432
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXII. ARENARIA.
3
3 A. DAHU'RICA (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 402.) leaves Gmelin's Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot.
awl-shaped, filiform, serrulated ; stems erect, simple ; panicle 11 A. CEPHALÒTES (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 346. suppl. p. 309.)
dichotomous, few-flowered ; peduncles and calyxes covered with leaves awl-shaped,
leaves awl-shaped, filiform, ciliary-scabrous; stems thick,
clammy down; sepals lanceolate-linear, nerved, hardly equal in erect, simple; head of flowers terminal, fascicled, hemisphe-
length with the petals. 4. H. Native of Dahuria. Flowers rical ; sepals acuminated, almost equal in length with the
white.
corolla. 2. H. Native of Tauria in fields. Bracteas striated.
Dahurian Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1824. Pl. foot.
. Flowers white. This is the most elegant species of the whole
4 A. CUCUBALOI'DES (Smith, icon. ined. 1. p. 17. t. 17.) leaves genus.
awl-shaped, filiform, serrulated; stems erect, simple; panicle Headed Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. to foot.
dichotomous, rather lax ; sepals lanceolate, acute; petals obovate, 12 A. DIANTHOIDES (Smith, icon. ined. p. 16. t. 16.) leaves
twice the length of the calyx. 4. H. Native of Armenia.
2. H. Native of Armenia. awl-shaped, filiform, ciliary-scabrous ; stems erect, simple ;
Calyx clammy. Flowers white.
flowers in heads; bracteas ventricose, exceeding the peduncles ;
Cucubalus-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot sepals ovate, obtuse ; petals obovate, 3-times longer than the
5 A. OTITOIDES (Adams, ex Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. calyx. 4. H. Native of Armenia. Flowers white.
p. 402.) leaves awl-shaped, filiform, serrated; stems erect, Pink-like Sandwort. Pl. I to foot.
simple ; panicle dichotomous, crowded, many-flowered ; sepals 13 A. GYPSOPHILOIDES (Schreb. act. nov. acad. N. C. no. 6.
lanceolate, keeled, scarcely longer than the obovaté petals; styles p. 139. ex Willd. spec. 2. p. 723.) leaves linear, radical ones
protruding a great length. 4. H. Native of Siberia. Very setaceous; panicle rather pubescent ; sepals ovate, mucronate,
like A. graminifolia in the stems and leaves, but the flowers are hardish ; petals lanceolate, thrice as long as the calyx. 4. H.
very small, more numerous, and more densely crowded. Flowers Native of the Levant. Flowers white.
white.
in Gypsophila-like Sandwort. Pl. Z foot.
.
Otites-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
Clt. 1820. Pl. 3 14 A. CAPILLA'RIS (Poir. dict. 6. p. 380.) lower leaves in
to foot.
tufts, very long, capillary ; stem rather naked, terminated by a
6 A. HOLO'STEA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 345.) leaves awl-shaped, 3-flowered umbel ; peduncles elongated, 1-flowered, capillary;
filiform, roughish on the margins; stems erect, simple; panicle bracteas membranaceous, glabrous ; petals ovate, rather crenu-
few-flowered; sepals acuminated, nerveless, shorter than the lated, twice as long as the calyx. 2. H. Native of Siberia.
obtuse petals. 4. H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia. Flowers A. Sibirica, Pers. ench. 1. P.
504. Flowers white.
like those of Stellària Holóstea. Sepals green on the back, but Capillary-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
with the margins white. Petals white.
PI. 1 to į foot.
Stitch-wort-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. Z foot. .
15 A. PINIFO'LIA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 348.) stems distorted,
7 A. RIGIDA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 346. suppl. p. 309.) leaves ascending, few-flowered, pubescent; leaves setaceous, stiff, stem
linear-setaceous, ciliary-scabrous; stems erect, rigid, simple ; ones straight; sepals obtuse, striated, villous, shorter than the
panicle trichotomous, pressed together, glabrous; sepals acute, corolla. 4. H. Native of the alps of Caucasus. Calyx green,
somewhat keeled, hardly exceeding the corolla. 4. H. Native with the stripes obliterated from short, rather clammy down.
in the Ukraine in sandy places. Bracteas larger than in A. Petals white. Peduncles terminal, twin, much longer than the
graminifolia and longifolia Flowers white. A. Holóstea, corolla.
Beaupre. in litt.
Pine-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. Ž
Rigid-stemmed Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. & ft. to foot.
8 A. FORMÒSA (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 402.) leaves 16 A. SUBULA'TA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 403.) leaves
linear-setaceous, ciliary-scabrous; stems erect, simple, and are setaceous, stiff, mucronated, striated, lower ones in bundles;
as well as peduncles clothed with viscid hairs; panicle tricho- stems panicled, few-flowered ; sepals lanceolate, much shorter
tomous, few-flowered ; sepals thick, obtuse, inner ones very than the petals; capsules ovate, hardly longer than the calyx.
broad, and covered with glandular hairs on their back, one-half 4. H. Flowers white.
shorter than the obovate petals. 4. H. Native of Dahuria. Var. a, glandulifera (D. C. prod. 1. p. 403.) stems, peduncles,
Plant habit and size of Scheuchzèria palústris. Flowers large, and sepals clothed with glandular hairs; panicles 3-5-flowered.
white.
4. H. Native of Siberia in the regions about the Baical. A.
Handsome Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Pl. } to púngens, Steph. ex Stev. in litt. A. viscosa, Fisch. in litt. A.
1 foot.
setacea, Adams. ex Fisch.
9 A. LYCHNIDEA (Bieb. i. taur. 1. p. 346. suppl. p. 309.) Var. ß. glabràta (D. C. 1. c.) plant very smooth; flowers 1-3.
plant tufted ; leaves awl-shaped, radical ones in bundles, linear- 4. H. Native of Eastern Siberia.
setaceous, ciliary-scabrous; stem erect, rather hispid ; panicle Awl-shaped-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822.
di-trichotomous, few-flowered, divaricating after flowering ; sepals Pl. i to , foot.
ovate, rather acute, one-half shorter than the obovate petals. 17 A. PU'NGENS (Clem. in Lag. gen. et spec. 15. but not of
4. H. Native of Caucasus and Iberia. A. airæfòlia and se- Steph.) leaves awl-shaped, and are as well as sepals mucro-
tàcea ; Fisch, in litt. Flowers in threes, white, about the size of nately pungent ; petals longer than the calyx; styles 3-4.
those of A. Austriaca. Pedicels villous.
4. H. Native of Spain on the summits of the mountains in
Var. ß, glabra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 402.) plant glabrous. A. the province of Granada. Flowers white.
Laxmánni, Fisch, in litt.
Pungent-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
Lychnis-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. { foot.
18 A. NARDITO'LIA (Led. Hook. fl. bor. amer. t. 32.) tufted 1;
10 A. GMELI'NI (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 402.) leaves leaves awl-shaped, pungent; stem erect, 3-flowered; petals
linear, obtuse ; stems jointed; panicle trichotomous, somewhat oblong, obtuse, twice the length of the obtuse sepals; capsule
corymbose ; sepals lanceolate, green, with scarious margins ; 3-valved. 4. H. Native of North America on the Rocky
petals obovate, twice the length of the calyx. 2. H. Native Mountains, and on the north-west coast; also of Siberia. Flowers
of the Ural mountains, especially on a mountain called Tagannai. white.
-Gmel. sib. 4. p. 144. t. 61. f.1. Flowers white, very like those Nardus-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827. Pl.
of Gypsophila rèpens.
4 to į foot.

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXII. ARENARIA.
433
illary ; calyx and peduncles hairy. A. laricifolia, Vill. dauph. 4.
§ 2. Leaves anl-shaped or linear.
p. 629. t. 47. f.5.. Jacq. aust. 3. p. 39. t. 272.
Var. B, striata (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 404.), stems
19 A. SQUARRO'SA (Mich. Al. bor. amer. 1. p. 273.) plant stiff, few-flowered ; leaves straight, long; peduncles and calyxes
f
,
tufted; lower leaves squarrosely-imbricated, channelled, gla- clothed with clammy hairs. A. striàta, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 630.
brous; stems simple, few-leaved ; flowers dichotomously pa- t. 47. f. 6. A. liniflòra, Jacq. coll. 2. t. 3. f. 3.
nicled, erect; sepals ovate, roundish; petals obovate, thrice as Var. 7, Chamisoni ; leaves smooth; cauline ones ciliated at
long as the calyx; capsules oval, exceeding the calyx, 3-valved; the base. Native of Eschscholtz Bay.
valves obtuse. 2. H. Native of New Jersey and Carolina Larch-leaved Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. Z ft.
in sandy pine-barrens. A. Caroliniana, Walt. fl. carol. 141. 26 A. ROSTRA'TA (Waldst. et Kit. hung. ex Willd. enum.
Flowers white.
481.) leaves linear-awl-shaped, recurved ; flowers twin, terminal;
Squarrose-leaved Sandwort. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 foot. sepals acute, 3-nerved, shorter than the corolla, pubescent ;
20 A. IMBRICA'TA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 344. but not of Rafin- stems diffuse, pubescent. 2. H. Native of Hungary in alpine
isque) leaves linear-awl-shaped, ciliated, crowded; stems creep- places. A. macrocarpa, Kit. et Hort. Goett. Flowers white.
ing, hairy; peduncles 1-flowered, terminal ; petals longer than Beaked Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Pl. I foot.
the calyx, which is bluntish, striated, and hairy ; capsules 3- 27 A. LYCOPODIOIDES (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl, mag.
valved. 4. H. Native of the alps of Caucasus near Kobi. 1816. p. 212.) plant much branched, creeping, glabrous; leaves
p
Stev. in mem. soc. mosq. 3. p. 263.
263. Leaves short, stiff, spread- rather imbricated, mucronate, stiff, 1-nerved; petals shorter
ing, ciliated, in bundles in the axillæ of the older leaves. Flowers than the calyx; capsules many-seeded. 2. H. Native of
white, about the size of those of A. laricifolia.
Mexico near Moran, at the height of 3990 feet. Flowers white.
Imbricate-leaved Sandwort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Cit. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. Lycopodium-like Sandwort. Pl. creeping,
21 A. JUNIPEʻRINA (Lin. mant. 72.) leaves awl-shaped, stiff, 28 A. A'RCTICA (Stev. in litt. in D. Č. prod. 1. p. 404.) plant
spinose, lower ones in bundles, upper ones distant ; stems erect, small, tufted; leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse; stems 1-flowered;
firm; sepals ovate, generally 1-nerved ; petals obovate, almost peduncles covered with glandular hairs; sepals oblong, obtuse,
twice as long as the calyx ; capsules ovate-roundish, 3-valved, hardly nerved; petals obovate, double the length of the calyx.
-
.
hardly exceeding the calyx. 2. H.
24. H. Native of the Levant as 2. H. Native of Siberia, on the icy shores, also in the Bay of
well as in Eastern Siberia. Smith, icon. ined. p. 35. t. 35. Poir. St. Lawrence.
St. Lawrence. Hook, A. bor. amer. t. 32. A. bryoides, Fisch.
dict. 6. p. 378. A. acicularis, Fisch. in litt. Flowers white. in litt. A. Altàica, Fisch. in litt. A. sérpens, Fisch. in litt.
Juniper-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Pl. Z ft. Plant with the habit of Silène acaúlis or Cherlèria sedoides.
22 A. STRICTA (Mich, A. bor. amer. 1. p. 274.) plant erect,
Flowers whitish.
glabrous, many-stemmed ; leaves awl-shaped-linear, erect, and Arctic Sandwort. Pl. I foot.
13
in axillary fascicles ; panicle few-flowered ; sepals oval-lanceo- 29 A. AUSTRIACA (Jacq. austr. 3. p. 39. t. 270.) leaves linear-
late; petals conspicuously-striped, much longer than the calyx. awl-shaped, 3-nerved ; stem tufted, rather panicled; peduncles
4.
2. H. Native of North America on rocks in New England terminal, very long, twin, puberulous ; petals obtuse, emarginate ;
and Canada, and on the high mountains of Carolina. Hook. f. sepals 3-nerved, very acute, spreading. 4. H. Native of
bor. amer. t. 33. Very like A. striàta, but much larger and Austria and Italy, on the alps. All. ped. no. 1700. t. 64. f. 2.
more erect. Flowers white.
A. elongata, Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 200. Stellaria
Straight Sandwort. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Pl. 1 foot. biflora, Jacq. coll. 1. p. 251. t. 18. A. stellarioìdes, Pers. ench.
23 A. OBTU'SA (Torrey. in ann. lyc. new york, vol. 2: 1827.) 1. p. 503. Flowers white. Capsule longer than the calyx.
tufted, many-stemmed; leaves linear-awl-shaped, bluntish, keeled, Var. B, glābra (D.C. fl. fr. 4. p. 787.). A. Villársii, Balb.
rather secund ; stem simple, commonly 1-flowered ; peduncles misc. 21. exclusive of the variety hirsùta. A. triflòra, Vill. dauph.
clothed with glandular hairs; sepals oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved ; 4. p. 623. t. 47. A. míxta, Lapeyr. abr. 255. Plant glabrous.
petals oblong, twice the length of the calyx ; capsule ovate, Austrian Sandwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1793. Pl. I foot.
shorter than the calyx ; seeds orbicularly-kidney-shaped. 4. H. 30 A. GLOBULOSA (Labill. pl. syr. dec. 4. p. 6. t. 3. f. 1.)
Native of North America on the Rocky Mountains.
plant very much branched ; leaves awl-shaped, nerved, pilose;
Obtuse-leaved Sandwort. Pl. 1 foot.
flowers numerous, disposed in racemes ; sepals unequal, longer
24 A. PRO'CERA (Spreng. ex Horn. hort. hafn. p. 424.) stem than the petals; capsules profoundly 3-valved; seed kidney-
erect, simple, few-flowered ; calyxes obtuse; petals emarginate, shaped, rough around.
shaped, rough around. 4. H. Native of Syria.
thrice as long as sepals. 4.H. Native ? Flowers white. Globulose Sandwort. Fl. June, Sept. Pl. I to foot.
1 ]
Tall Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. Å foot. 31 A. CAPILLA'CEA (All. ped. no. 1705. t. 89. f. 2.) leaves
25 A. LARICIFOLIA
FIG. 70.
setaceous, rigid, scabrous; flowers erect; petals larger than the
(Lin. spec. 607.) leaves
calyx. 0. H. Native of Piedmont on the tops of the moun-
awl-shaped, denticulate-
tains called Tenda. Petals white. Stem hairy.
ly-ciliated ; stems
; ;
Capillary-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Pl.
cending, 1-3 or 6-flow-
to foot.
ered, somewhat
32 A. GRANDIFLORA (Lin. spec. 608.) leaves awl-shaped,
brous; calyx cylindri-
broadish, flat, 3-nerved, ciliated, radical ones crowded ; stems ge-
cal; sepals bluntish,
nerally 1-flowered ; peduncles very long, pubescent; sepals ovate,
triple-nerved, hairy; pe-
awned, 3-nerved, one-half smaller than the petals; capsules
tals twice as long as the
ovate, 6-valved, hardly exceeding the calyx in length. 4. H.
sepals; capsules 3-
Native of France on the alps and mountains. All. ped. no. 1711.
valved, exceeding the
t. 10. f. 1. A. triflora, Cav. icon. 3. t. 249. f. 2. A. míxta,
calyx. 24. H. Native
Lapeyr. abr. p. 255. Flowers white.
on the alps of Switzerland and France, &c. Flowers white. Var. B, multiflora (D. C. prod. 1. p. 404.) stems 3-4-flowered;
Var. a, multiflora (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 404.) stems peduncles, very long; leaves hardly ciliated. A. junipérina,
weak; many-flowered; younger leaves in bundles, arcuate, ax- Vill. dauph. 4. p. 624.-All. ped. no. 1715. t. 26. f. 5.
3 K
a
as-
sca-
litha
a
VOL. I. - PART V.

434
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXII. ARENARIA.
eng. bot.
7,
4. H.
Var. y, triflora (D.C. prod. 1. p. 404.) stems 2-4-flowered ; Br. in append. to Parry's voy. p. 13.-D. Don, in
leaves narrower and recurved. A. triflòra, Lin. mant. 240. suppl. t. 2638.
D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 788. 4. H. Native on sandy hills near Fon- Red Alpine Sandwort. Scotland. Pl. 1 to 2 inches.
tainebleau.
39 A. Ro'ssII (R. Br. 1. c.) quite smooth; leaves triquetrous ;
Var. d, stolonifera (D. C. prod. 1. p. 404.) stems much awl-shaped, bluntish, awnless, nerveless, scarcely equalling the
branched ; lower leaves broadish, short, dense ; upper ones very flower in length; peduncles 1-flowered, elongated; petals ob-
narrow, very long, and distant; sepals very narrow. 4. H. long, a little longer than the obsoletely 3-nerved sepals. 4. H.
Native of Dauphiny, and Siberia on rocks at Tschussowaja. A. Native of Melville Island. A small tufted herb. Calyx pur-
stolonífera, Vill. ex herb. D.C. A. laxa, Fisch. in litt. plish. Corolla white. Ovary 1-celled. The A. Róssic of
Great-flowered Sandwort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1783. Pl. Richardson in Franklin's journey, p. 738. differs from this in its
to foot.
larger stature, and in the capsule being 3-valved. Alsine strícta
33 A. HE'LMII (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 404.) plant differs from it in its larger size and in the leaves being acute.
clothed with glandular hairs; leaves linear, bluntish, 3-nerved, Ross's Sandwort. Pl. 1 to 2 inches.
radical ones crowded ; stems 1-3-flowered; peduncles very long; 40 A. ve'RNA (Lin. mant. 72.) plant tufted, many-stemmed ;
sepals ovate, somewhat mucronate, obsoletely 3-nerved ; petals leaves awl-shaped, bluntish ; stems panicled, elongated ; sepals
obovate, twice the length of the sepals; capsules ovate, in length ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, with 3 remote equal ribs, longer
,
exceeding the calyx. 4. H. Native of the Ural mountains than the obovate petals ; capsules cylindrical, of 3 valves,
in Siberia. Flowers white.
longer than the calyx. 4. H. Native of the mountainous
Helme's Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 to 1 ft. parts of Europe. In Britain about the lead-mines in Derby-
34 A. SCANDINA'VICA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 399.) leaves awl- shire, as well as in Yorkshire, Westmoreland, and Wales. In
shaped; branches 2-flowered; petals entire; ovary oblong; sepals Scotland on Arthur's Seat, and many other hills near Edinburgh.
oblong, obtuse, striated. H.H. Native of Lapland on the alps. Smith, engl. bot. t. 512. Jacq. austr. t. 404. A. saxatilis,
4.
A. biflòra, Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 52. but not of Lin. Huds. ed. 1. p. 168. Penn. tour. in Wales, t. 2. f. 1. A.
Stellària biflòra, Lin. spec. 604. Oed. fi. dan. t. 12. Alsinélla
Alsinélla junipérina, With. p. 424. A. laricifolia, With. p. 404. A.
biflòra, Swartz, et Wickstroem. A small plant, with the ap- divaricàta, Adams, ex Fisch. in litt. A. fláccida,
A. fláccida, Schleich.
pearance of a species of Sagina. Petals white.
Flowers small, white.
Scandinavian Sandwort. Pl. foot.
Var. B, cæspitosa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 405.) stems very leafy;
35 A. LINIFLORA (Lin. spec. 608.) stem suffruticose, distorted; calyxes and peduncles smoothish. A. cæspitòsa, Ehrh. herb.
leaves filiform, strictly appressed; peduncles twin, terminal, 55. D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 613.
short; sepals lanceolate, striated, shorter than the corolla. Var. minor (D. C. prod. 1. p. 405.) stem dwarf, 1-flowered.
4. H. Native of Austria, Hungary, and Caucasus. Perhaps
A. pinifòlia, Bieb. Flowers white.
Spring Sandwort. Fl. May, Aug. Brit. Pl. į to foot.
Flax-flowered Sandwort. Pl. Į to į foot.
41 A. GERA'RDI (Willd. spec. 2. p. 729.) plant erect,
36 A. MACROCA'RPA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 316. but not branched ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, 3-nerved ; peduncles twin,
of Horn.) plant tufted ; leaves crowded, awl-shaped-linear, flat, terminal, 1-flowered ; sepals acuminated, 3-nerved, with mem-
with ciliated margins ; peduncles terminal, 1-flowered, leafy; branaceous margins. 4. H. Native of the alps of Austria
sepals linear ; petals ovate, twice the length of the sepals; and France.
and France. A. liniflòra, Jacq. aust. t. 445.-Gerard. gallo-
capsules oblong, thrice the length of the calyx. 4. H. Native
prov. 405. no. 7. t. 15. f. 1.? Flowers white. Perhaps only
of the north-west coast of America and of Chamisso's Island. a variety of A. vérna.
Flowers white. This plant approaches near to A. grandiflora, Gerard's Sandwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. 4 foot.
.
1
but differs in the long capsule and shape of the sepals materially. 42 A. RAMOSISSIMA (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 24.) stems very
Habit of a species of Cerástium.
much branched, elongated, panicled ; leaves awl-shaped, bluntish,
Var. B; habit of Cherlèria sedoìdes. Native of the island of
Native of the island of nerved, recurved; petals ovate, hardly equalling the sepals in
St. Lawrence.
length; sepals acuminated, striated, and are hispid as well as
Long-fruited Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810. Pl. peduncles; capsules of 3 valves. f. H. Native of Hungary.
4 to 1 foot.
Horn. hort. hafn.
. Link. enum. 1. p. 43). This is very
37 A. HI'RTA (Wormsk. in fl. dan. t. 1646.) leaves linear- like A. vérna, but it is of a more loose habit.
awl-shaped, obtuse, with 2 furrows, hairy; stems hairy, 1-2-3- Most-Branched Sandwort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. I
flowered; sepals 3-nerved, acute, shorter than the capsule ; petals to į foot.
oblong, rather shorter than the calyx. 4. H. Native of the south 43 A. E'LEGANS (Cham. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 57.)
of Greenland, Lapland, island of St. Paul, and Kamtschatka. tufted, many-stemmed, smooth ; leaves linear, obtuse, thickish;
A. sulcàta, Schlechtend in berl. mag. 1816. p. 212. A. villòsa,
A. villosa, peduncles terminal, solitary; sepals lanceolate, awl-shaped,
Ledeb. A small plant with reddish flowers.
acuminated, rather keeled ; petals exceeding the calyx; cap-
Var. B, glabrata (Cham. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 56.) plant sule 3-valved. 4. H. Native of the Bay of St. Lawrence.
smooth. Native of the island of St. Lawrence.
Plant smooth. Like A. vérna.
Hairy Alpine Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. to foot.
į
Elegant Sandwort. Pl. 4 foot.
38 A. RUBE'LLA (Smith, engl. fl. 4. p. 267.) plant tufted ; 44 A. HI'SPIDA (Lin. spec. 608.) plant tufted, erect, many-
leaves awl-shaped, obtuse, quite smooth, 3-nerved ; peduncles stemmed, pilose, hispid ; panicle dichotomous ; leaves awl- .
1-flowered, elongated, pubescent; sepals very acute, 3-nerved, shaped, and are hispid as well on the under surface of the
longer than the elliptical petals; capsule 4-valved, sometimes sepals, hardly striated; corolla exceeding the calyx; capsules
3-valved, longer than the sepals. 4. H. Native of Melville somewhat globose, of 3 valves, hardly longer than the calyx.
Island ; in Scotland on the summit of the Breadalbane moun- 4. H. Native about Montpelier in chalky places. Habit of
tains ; on Craig Challeach, and on Ben Lawers. A small plant, 'Spérgula. Stems simple, with a few scattered hairs. Flowers
forming a dense tuft. Calyx brownish-purple. Corolla white. white. D. C. fi. fr. 4. p. 789.
Anthers red. Alsìne rubélla, Wahl. lapp. 128. t. 6. Alsinélla Hispid Sandwort. FI. June, July. Pl. 1 to foot.
rubélla, Swartz, sum. veg. scand. p. 17. A. quadrivalvis, R.
.
45 A. SUBULÆFO'LIA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 182.) stem
p. 964,
1

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXII. ARENARIA.
435
;
tufted, simple; leaves awl-shaped, bluntish, quite smooth ; very smooth ; leaves grassy, short; peduncles very long, gene-
panicle dichotomous ; sepals acute, clothed with glandular pu- rally l-flowered ; sepals lanceolate, very acute, with mem-
bescence, twice the length of the petals ; capsules 3-valved, branaceous margins ; petals oblong, narrow, much shorter than
equal in length to the calyx. 4. H. Native of Sicily. A. the calyx; capsules oval, of 5 valves, almost equal in length to
Arvática, Presl. ex Spreng.
the calyx. 0. H. Native of Barbary. Petals white.
Awl-leaved Sandwort. Pl. į to foot.
Large-calyxed Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Pl.
46 A. ECHINA'TA (Poir. dict. 6. p. 377.) plant dwarf; stems 1 to foot.
rather branched, short; leaves filiform, awl-shaped, hardly 53 A.? SPINULIFLORA (Ser. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 406.) plant
pubescent; flowers somewhat panicled; peduncles and calyxes very smooth ; leaves filiform, obtuse; flowers dichotomously,
glandular, hispid ; corolla equal in length to the calyx; cap- panicled, numerous, small; sepals lanceolate, membranaceous,
sules length of calyx. 4. H. Native of the Alps of Europe. pellucid, with long points ; petals very short; stamens 5?
Flowers white.
Native of the Levant. Petals white.
Echinated-calyxed Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot. Spiny-flowered Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
47 A. PA'TULA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 273.) plant pubes- 54 A. TRIA'NDRA (Schrank. hort. monac. t. 30.) stem dicho-
cent; stems filiform, panicled, many-flowered; leaves setaceous, tomous, diffuse ; leaves flat, linear, very narrow; corolla smaller
spreading; petals somewhat emarginate, a little longer than the than the calyx; flowers triandrous; capsules of 3 valves.
very acute, striped sepals. 2. H.
4. H. Native of North America O. H. Native? Minuartia tenuifòlia, Mart. hort. erlang,
on rocks near Knoxville, Kentucky. Flowers white. This p. 44. ex Schrank. 1.c. Petals white. Perhaps only a variety
plant resembles A. tenuifolia.
of A. tenuifolia.
Spreading-leaved Sandwort. Pl. I to į foot.
Triandrous Sandwort. Fl. June,
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1
.
48 A. SAXA'TILIS (Lin. spec. 607.) leaves awl-shaped ; stems to 1 foot.
panicled; sepals ovate. 4. H. Native of Germany, Switzer- 55 A. EMARGINATA (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 202.) stems erect;
land, France, and Siberia.-Barrel. icon. t. 580.-Gmel. sib.4. leaves linear, bluntish; sepals lanceolate ; petals emarginate.
t. 63. f. 2.-Vaill. par. 7. t. 2. f. 3. Flowers white.
shorter than the calyx. O. H. Native of Portugal on dry
Stone Sandwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. Pl. 1 to foot. hills beyond the Tagus, and of Algiers. Stems racemose, clammy.
49 A. PE'NDULA (Waldst. et Kit, hung. 1. p. 90. t. 87.) stems
.
Leaves sessile. Petals reddish, emarginate. Schlecht. in berl.
filiform, rooting, very long, diffuse ; flower-bearing branches mag. 1816. p. 212.?
erect; leaves linear, flat, acute, somewhat fasciculate; sepals Emarginate-petalled Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 to 1 ft.
lanceolate, acute, shorter than the petals; capsules depressed, 56 A. MEDITERRANEA (Ledeb. ex Link. enum. 1. p. 431.)
globose (6-valved?). 4. H. Native of Hungary on chalky stem very much branched ; leaves linear, recurved ; sepals
rocks. Flowers white. Filaments of stamens hairy at their base. striated, with long points and membranaceous margins, much
Pendulous Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. Pl. 4 to ] ft. longer than the corolla ; capsules longer than the calyx. O. H.
50 A. TENUIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 667.) leaves awl-shaped, seta- Native? This was sent under the name of A. calycina, see
ceous; stems panicled, forked ; sepals awl-shaped, striated, Horn. hafn. and A. calycina, Pers. Peduncles very long,
much longer than the petals; capsules of 3 valves, hardly Petals white.
exceeding the calyx in length. 0. H. Native of dry barren Mediterranean Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 to ft.
sandy fields, and on walls in many parts of Europe. In Britain 57 A. RECU'RVA (All. ped. no. 1713. t. 89. f. 8.) leaves ra-
in several parts of Cambridgeshire ; at Oxburgh, Norfolk, dical, crowded, recurved, awl-shaped, leaning rather to one
Worcestershire, and Oxfordshire. Smith, engl. bot. t. 219. side ; stems tufted, simple, generally 3-flowered ; sepals ovate-
Fl. dan. t. 389. Alsine tenuifolia, Bauh. hist. 3. p. 2. 364. f. lanceolate, striated, covered with glandular hairs as well as the
A. yiscosa, Schreb. Lips. 30. Petals white.
peduncles; petals ovate, a little longer than the sepals; capsules
Var, a, Vaillantiàna (D. C. prod. 1. p. 406.) stems tufted,
.
ovate, of 3 valves, shorter than the calyx; seeds somewhat
erect, glabrous, branching at the top.- Vaill. par. t. 3. f. 1. kidney-shaped, hardly dotted. 4. H. Native of the higher
Var. B, Barrelièri (D. C. 1. c.) stems much branched, glabrous, Alps of Europe in stony meadows, particularly in Switzerland,
rather procumbent. A. Barreliéri, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 634. Italy, Austria, and Moravia. Jacq. coll. 1. p. 244. t. 16. f. 1.
Barrel. icon. t. 580. Native of Dauphiny.
There is a variety of this plant with from 1-8 flowers on each
Var. y, simpliciúscula (Ser. mss.) stem glabrous, erect, upper stem. Flowers white.
part branched; calyx glabrous ; stamens 3 or 4.
Var. ß, hispidula (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 406.) stems,
.
Var, o, hybrida (D. C. 1. c.) stem straight, glabrous; calyxes leaves, and peduncles covered with glandular hairs.
clothed with glandular viscid hairs. A. hybrida, Vill. dauph. 4. Native of Vallais. Flowers white.
p. 634. t. 47. A. pentándra, Duf. ann. gen. 7. p. 292. Native Recurved-leaved Sandwort. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 ft.
of Dauphiny.
58 A. HIRSU'TA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 349.) plant hairy; leaves
Var. E, viscídula (D.C. 1. c.) stems erect, upper part branched, awl-shaped, 3-nerved, bluntish ; lower leaves imbricate, re-
and are as well as calyxes covered with viscid hairs. A. viscí- curved; stems declinate ; panicle many-flowered, dichotomous;
dula, Thuil. fl. par. ed. 2. p. 219. A. dubia, Sut. fl. hely. 1. sepals acute, somewhat 5-nerved, hairy, almost equal in length
p. 266. A. viscosa, Pers. ench. 1. p. 504. Native of Switzer- to the corolla; capsule 3-valved; seeds rather disciform, with
land.
echinated margins. 4. H. Native of Tauria on high moun-
Fine-leaved Sandwort. Fl. Ju. July. Brit. Pl. 1 to foot. tains. Flowers white. Perhaps only a variety of A. recúrva.
51 A. VILLÒSA (Ledeb. ex Steud. nom. 67. descr. ex Fisch. Hairy Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. foot.
in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 406.) leaves linear, awl-shaped, 3- 59 A. CALYCULA'TA (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 7.) plant somewhat
nerved, ciliated ; stems pubescent, villous; sepals ovate-lan- pubescent; leaves thickish, somewhat fasciculate, semicylin-
ceolate, acuminated, striated, 3-nerved, with membranaceous drical, awl-shaped, curved ; sepals lanceolate, elongated, acutish,
margins, longer than the corolla. 4.H. Native of Siberia. 5-nerved, with membranaceous margins ; petals entire; capsules
Flowers white.
ovate, longer than the calyx. 2. H. Native of Hungary.
Villous-stemmed Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to foot. Flowers white.
52 A. CALYCI'NA (Poir. voy. 2. p. 167. dict. 6. p. 370.) plant Calyculated Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. ft.
4. H.
3 K 2

436
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXII. ARENARIA.
60 A. GLA'BRA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 274.) plant very not ciliated at the base ; stems tufted, prostrate at the base ;
smooth, erectish, many-stemmed ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, flat, panicle rather forked ; peduncles longer than the leaves; sepals
;
spreading ; pedicels 1-flowered, elongated, divaricating ; sepals acuminated, somewhat membranaceous, with 2 lateral ribs,
oval, bluntish, smooth, shorter than the corolla. 4. H. Native awned, longer than either the petals or capsule ; capsules of 3
of North Carolina on rocks. Stellària uniflòra, Walt. fi. carol. valves. O. H. Native about Montpelier on rocks. A. fascicu-
p. 141. Flowers white.
làta ß, rostrata, Pers. ench. 1. p. 504. Alsìne mucronata, Gouan.
Glabrous Sand-wort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 foot
ill. 22. A. mutábilis, Lapeyr. abr. 256. Petals white. Perhaps
61 A. RUPE'STRIS (Labill. pl. syr. dec. 4. p. 8. t. 4. f. 1.) only a variety of A. fasciculàta.
stems ascending ; leaves setaceous, obtuse, somewhat curved, Mucronate-sepalled Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. I to z ft.
crowded, a little ciliated beneath; flowers panicled, from 2-4 ; 68 A. GLOMERA'TA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 350. suppl. p. 311.
sepals ovate, oblong, rather hairy, 3-nerved ; petals oval-oblong, plant pubescent, hoary ; leaves awl-shaped, straight ; flowers on
twice as long as the sepals; disk glandular under the ovary ; very short pedicels, disposed in glomerate heads; sepals
capsules of 3 valves, hardly exceeding the calyx in length. 4. H. scariose, with 2-stripes, acuminated, much longer than the
Native of Mount Lebanon. Flowers white.
petals; capsule 3-valved. 0. H. Native of Tauria on calca-
Rock Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
reous rocks. Petals white. Allied to A. fasciculàta, but dif-
62 A. SETA'CEA (Thuil. A. par. ed. 2. p. 220.) stem very fers in the stem being branched from the base.
much branched; flowers panicled, fastigiate ; leaves setaceous, Var. B, elàtior (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 407.) panicle
in bundles, ciliated at their base, all leaning to one side ; sepals rather looser ; pedicels longer. O. H. Native among rocks
awl-shaped, acute, with white, membranaceous margins, almost about Odessa.
equal in length with the petals; capsules of 3 valves, rising Glomerate-flowered Sandwort. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
.
above the calyx. 4. H. Native among stones on dry hills Pl. 1 to foot.
about Paris and Fontainebleau. Flowers white.
69 A. LARICINA (Cham. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 57.) de-
Var. a, pilòsa (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 407.) stems cumbent ; leaves stiff, awl-shaped, ciliated, with bundles of small
;
hairy at the bottom. 4. H. A. heteromálla, Pers. ench. 1. leaves in the axillæ ; flowers few, terminal ; petals twice the
p. 504. A. saxatilis, Loisel. fl. gall. p. 261. exclusive of the length of the calyx ; seeds disk-formed, ciliated. 4. H. Na-
synonymes of Lin. and Vahl.
tive of Siberia. Spergula larícina, Lin. spec. 631. Smith, icon.
Var. B, rugosa (Ser. mss. in D. C. 1. c.) stem pubescent at ined. 1. p. 18. t. 18. Lam. ill. t. 392. f. 3. Spergula arenarioìdes,
the bottom. 4. H. A. heteromálla, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 350. Herb. Willd.
Flowers white. Plant greenish-glaucous.
Larch-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 4 foot.
.
Setaceous-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Pl. 1 70 A. ULIGINOSA (Schleich. cent. exs. 1. no. 47. D. C. fl. fr.
to 4 foot.
4. p.786. icon. pl. gall. p. 14. t. 46.) stem erect, branched from
63 A. FASCICULA'TA (Gouan. ill. 30.) leaves awl-shaped, the base ; leaves linear, bluntish ; branches naked ; peduncles
setaceous, in bundles; stems erect, straight, almost simple ; twin, 1-flowered, generally terminal, furnished with two bracteas
flowers fascicled; pedicels shorter than the leaves; sepals at the base of each ; sepals lanceolate, nerveless, hardly longer
unequal, acuminated, somewhat membranaceous, with two narrow than the ovate petals ; capsules ovate, of 3-valves, equal in length
lines, almost twice the length of the obtuse petals; capsules of to the calyx ; seeds somewhat kidney-shaped, orange-coloured.
3 valves, shorter than the calyx ; seeds kidney-shaped, rough, 4. H. Native of Jura, Siberia, and Lapland, in turfy bogs.
with rather serrated margins. L. H. Native in sandy or gra-
r. H. Native in sandy or gra- Spergula strícta, Swartz, act. holm, and in Schrad. journ. 1800.
velly sunny places, in many parts of Europe, particularly about vol. 2. p. 256. Petals white.
Montpelier, Austria, and Carniola. In Scotland on rocks in Var. B, purpuràta (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 407.) stems
Fifeshire and the mountains of Angus-shire. Jacq. austr. 2. t. and calyxes purple. A. muscòrum, Adams ex Fisch. in litt.
182. A. fastigiata, Smith. engl. bot. t. 1744. Alsìne mucro- Bog Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. I foot.
nata, Lam. dict. 4. p. 310. Stellària rùbra, Scop. carn. 1. p. 71 A. POLYGONOIDES (Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 241. t. 15.)
316. t. 17. Stems often purplish. Petals white.
plant procumbent; leaves linear, obtuse, ciliated; peduncles
Fascicled-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June. Scotland. Pl. ft. either in twos or threes, 1-flowered, furnished with two bracteas
64 A. FASTIGIA'TA (Lin. syst. nat. ed. 12. vol. 3. p. 733. at the middle of each; sepals oblong-linear, obtuse, without
Smith, Al. græc. 442.) stem fastigiate, leafy, pubescent, viscid, nerves, hardly shorter than the corolla ; capsules ovate, of 3
villous ; panicle leafy; sepals linear-lanceolate, very long, valves, hardly exceeding the calyx; seeds somewhat disciform,
ciliated ; petals very short ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, ciliated, black. 2. H. Native of Switzerland in stony places. A.
connate. O. H. Native of Asia Minor. Flowers in racemose obtùsa, All. ped. t. 64. f. 4. Stellària ciliàta, Scop. fl. carn.
panicles.
ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 315. no. 536. t. 17. Stellària biflora, Gun. fl.
Fastigiate Sandwort. Pl. 1 foot.
norv. 1.
p.
45. no. 91. Petals white.
65 A. FRANKLI'NI (Hook. f. bor. amer. t. 35.) root fusiform ; Var. f, occúlta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 408.) peduncles very long,
stems numerous ; panicle fastigiate, crowded ; sepals lanceolate, 1-flowered. 4. H. Native of Siberia on the Altaian moun-
acuminated; petals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, shorter than the tains. A. occúlta, Fisch. in litt. Petals white.
sepals; leaves linear-awl-shaped, finely ciliated at the base and Polygonum-like Sandwort. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 ft.
connate; capsule 6-valved at the apex. 4. H. Native of North 72 A. BAVARICA (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 315.) leaves linear, semi-
America in the arctic regions. Flowers white.
cylindrical, fleshy, obtuse, longer than the spaces of the stem
Franklin's Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
between the leaves; stems branched, somewhat dichotomous,
66 A. FILIFÒLIA (Forsk. descr. p. 211. Vahi. symb. 1. p. 33. hard, jointed; peduncles terminal, generally in pairs.
.
p.
4. H.
t. 12.) leaves setaceous, crowded, 2-ribbed; stems suffruticose, Native of Bavaria and Siberia. Saxifraga Bavárica, Ray, hist.
forked ; peduncles terminal, 1-2-flowered ; sepals very narrow. 1033. A. Pònæ, Rchb. icon. t. 138. Petals white. Seeds
equal in length with the corolla. 2. H. Native of Arabia on few.
Mount Boka. Petals white.
Bavarian Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
Thread-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. I to į foot. 73 A. SAJANE'NSIS (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816.
67 A. MUCRONA'TA (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 791.) leaves setaceous, p. 200.) leaves linear, bluntish; stems procumbent; peduncles

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXII. ARENARIA.
437
terminal, very short, 1-flowered ; sepals 1-nerved. 4? H. Spain on arid hills in the province of Valentia. Flowers rose-
Native of the Altaian mountains at Sajan. Petals white.
coloured.
Sajan Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
Extended Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. ] foot.
74. A. JU’NCEA (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 309.) stems erect, 85 A.? RAFINESQUIA'NA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.)
simple; leaves linear, setaceous, rough, ciliated ; panicle dicho- leaves imbricated, awl-shaped, acute ; stems sparingly branched,
tomous, pubescent; sepals acute, villous, obscurely 3-nerved, rather erect; peduncles solitary, terminal, almost naked, 1 or 3-
almost equal in length to the corolla. O ? H. Native of Tauria. flowered ; stamens 8 or 10. 2? H. Native of North America
Petals white.
in New Jersey. A. imbricata, Rafinesque journ. bot. 1. p. 229.
.
Rush-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. I to ļ foot.
. . . suppl. 5. p. 8. but not of Bieb.
p.
8. but not of Bieb. Petals white.
75 A. VERTICILLA'TA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 725.) leaves awl- Rafinesque's Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. foot.
shaped, stiff, spinose, and are as well as the flowers disposed in 86 A. ? CHERLE'RIÆ (Fisch. in litt. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.)
whorls; peduncles 4-flowered, somewhat capitate ; sepals linear, plant small, tufted; leaves linear, awl-shaped, curved at the
awl-shaped, pungent; petals lanceolate.
-
h. H. Native of points? rather imbricate ; flowers terminal or somewhat corym-
Armenia between Erzerum and Tocat. Petals white.
bose; sepals oblong, bluntish, rather membranaceous, twice as
Whorled-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub long as the narrow petals. O. H. Native of Siberia. A.
} foot.
Dahurica, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 398. Petals white.
76 A. FILIFO'RMis (Labill. pl. syr. dec. 4. p. 8. t. 3. f. 2.)
. .
. Var, a, uniflora (D. C. 1. c.) flowers solitary, terminal ; stem
stem simple, filiform, naked at the top; leaves setaceous, acumi- almost wanting ; leaves curved at the points. O. H. Native
nated ; panicle somewhat dichotomous, few-flowered ; sepals of Dahuria on rocks near Grædina. Habit of Cherlèria sedoides,
elliptical, glabrous; petals oval-oblong, tapering to the base, Petals white.
twice as long as the sepals; capsules of 3-valves (longer than the Var. , fasciculàta (D. C. l. c.) flowers somewhat umbellate ;
calyx ?) seeds kidney-shaped. O. H. Native of the island of stem elongated ; leaves not curved at the points.' O. H. Native
Cyprus. Petals white.
of Dahuria, very common in places exposed to the sun. Petals
Filiform-stemmed Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. to ft. white.
77 A. PHARNACEOÌDES (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 408.) Cherleria-like Sandwort. Fl. March, May. Pl. to foot.
leaves filiform, mucronate, somewhat fasciculate; stem branched;
flowers somewhat umbellate; sepals ovate, obtuse; petals twice
§ 3. Leaves lanceolate, linear-lanceolate, oval, spatulate or
roundish.
as long as sepals. O? H. Native of the Levant. Stems and
The plants of this division are easily known from the
peduncles partly clothed with glandular hairs. Flowers white.
rest in the leaves neither being grassy nor setaceous.
Pharnaceum-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 to foot,
į . 87 A. TETRA'QUETRA (Lin. spec. 605.) leaves ovate, keeled,
78 A. PICTA (Sibth. and Smith, fl. græc. t. 439.) stems leaf- recurved, edged, imbricated in four rows; stems straight, pu-
less, dichotomous, hairy towards the top; leaves tufted, awl- bescent; flowers somewhat capitate ; sepals stiff, acute, keeled,
shaped; petals emarginate, veiny on the under surface. O. H. ciliated, almost equal in length to the corolla ; capsules ovate,
Native of the island of Cyprus in fields. Petals white, but truncate, of 6-valves, with the valves callose at the apex; seeds
;
veined on the under surface with red.
kidney-shaped, very rough. 2. H. Native of France and the
Painted-petalled Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot. shores of the Mediterranean on sterile mountains. Flowers white.
79 A. MARGINA'TA (Bieb. in herb. Willd. ex Schlecht. berl. Var. a, laxifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.) leaves distant;
mag. 1816. p. 212. but not of D. C.) stems ciliated ; leaves heads many-flowered ; stems elongated. 4. H. Native of
linear awl-shaped, smoothish; sepals acute, edged. 2. H. Piedmont, Pyrenees, and about Montpelier. All. ped. no. 1718.
Native of Eastern Siberia. Plant small, almost woody, much t. 89. f. 1.-Magn. p. 53. icon.
branched. Petals white.
Var. B, densifolia (D. C. I. c.) leaves densely imbricated ;
Edged-sepalled Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot. heads few-flowered ; stems short. A. imbricàta, Lag. in litt.
80 A. CANE'SCENS (Vahl. herb. ex Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. Gypsophila aggregata, Lin. spec. 581. 4. H. Native of the
.
964. in add.) leaves awl-shaped, fleshy; sepals nerved, one- shores of the Mediterranean.
half shorter than the petals. 2. H. Native ? A. macrocarpa, Square-stemmed Sandwort. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1731. Pl. 4 to ft.
Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 964. but not of Pursh.
Flowers white. 88 A. AMA BILIS (Bory. ann. gen. sc. phys. 3. 1820. p. 5.)
Canescent Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 ft. leaves triangular, concave, acute, revolute; stems branched,
81 A.? JURE'ssI (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag.1816. level topped, tufted, naked at the bottom; peduncles almost
p. 212.) leaves linear, awl-shaped, leaning rather to one side; wanting, leafy ; sepals rigid. 4. H. Native of Spain at Sierra
sepals lanceolate. 4 ? H. Native of Portugal on mount Gerez. Nevada. Petals white. Perhaps A. imbricata, Lag. ann. 5.
Petals white. Plant dwarf, tufted.
Juress's Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 4 foot.
Lovely Sandwort. Fl. Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
82 A. PU’LCHRA (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. 89 A. GIESE'KII (Horn. fl. dan. t. 1518.) plant glandular,
p. 212.) plant erect, glabrous ; leaves linear, awl-shaped; hispid ; leaves linear-lanceolate, stiff, 3-nerved ; peduncles very
flowers panicled ; sepals membranaceous, edged, shorter than the long, almost naked, 1-flowered ; sepals lanceolate, acute, 3-
petals. 2? H. Native on mount Ararat. Flowers large, white. nerved, longer than the corolla ; capsules of 3, rarely of 6-valves,
Fair Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
almost twice as long as the calyx; seeds kidney-shaped, rough-
83 A.? ARMERI'NA (Bory, ann. gen. sc. ph. 3. 1820. p. 5.) ish. 4. H. Native of Greenland. Petals white.
stems diffuse, woody; leaves connate, linear, acute, stiff, when Gieseke's Sandwort. Pl. 1 foot.
old recurved; flowers capitate. h. F. Native of Spain in 90 A. RUBICU'NDA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 399.) stem erect,
hedges near Sierra Nevada. Petals white.
branched, pubescent; leaves lanceolate-linear, pubescent; pe-
Sweet-William Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Shrub foot. duncles solitary, 1-flowered, elongated ; sepals acuminated, hairy,
84 A. EXTE'NSA (Duf. ann. gen. 7. p. 291.) plant regularly shorter than the corolla. 4. H.
shorter than the corolla. 4. H. Native of Siberia. A.
pubescent, diffuse, branched ; stems elongated ; leaves linear; pùrea, Willd. herb. Flowers purplish.
flowers loosely panicled; petals length of calyx; capsules ob-
Reddish-flowered Sandwort.Pl. 1 foot.
versely conical, inclosed within the calyx. 2.? H. Native of 91 A. MUSCÒRUM (Fisch. in litt. but not of Adams, D. C.
-
4
p. 278 ?
pur-

438
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXII. ARENARIA.
4. H.
1
8
prod. 1. p. 409.) plant tufted ; leaves oblong, obtuse, striated, Pyrenees. A. cerastioides, Pers. ench. 1. p. 502. Lapey. pyr.
.
ciliated; stems short, puberulous, 1-flowered; sepals ovate, ob- abr.
p.
252. but not of Poir. Flowers purplish.
tuse, somewhat striated, much smaller than the corolla.
Purplish-flowered Sandwort. Pl. | foot.
Native of Kamtschatka. Petals white.
98 A. VIOLA'CEA (Ledeb. ex Fisch, in litt. D, C. prod. 1. p.
Moss-like Sandwort. Pl.
Pl. { foot. .
410.) leaves lanceolate, smoothish ; flowers somewhat panicled,
92 A. MODE'STA (Duf. ann. gen. 7. p. 291.) plant viscid, pu- erect, terminal ; peduncles covered with clammy hairs, equal in
bescent, erect, slender, somewhat dichotomous ; leaves oblong- length to the calyx; sepals oblong, beset with clammy hairs;
linear, lower ones elliptical-ovate; peduncles filiform, at length petals narrow, obovate, twice as long as the sepals. 2? H.
divaricating ; sepals lanceolate, acute, nerveless; petals ovate- Native of Siberia towards Ochotsk. A. purpurea, Willd.
oblong, hardly the length of the sepals ; capsules ovate, of 6 Flowers violaceous or purple.
valves, about the length of the calyx. 0. H. Native of Spain Violaceous-flowered Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. ġ to 1 ft.
about Valentia. Flowers white.
99 A. ABIETI'NA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. app. 181.) stem
Modest Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to į foot. tufted, ascending, few-flowered, rather villous ; leaves linear-
93 A. NEMORÒSA (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. lanceolate, awned, stiff, smooth, ciliated at the base; petals ob-
35.) plant branched, procumbent, puberulous; leaves stalked, ovate, emarginate, longer than the acuminated sepals. 4. H.
oblong, acute, mucronate, veiny, membranaceous; petals shorter Native of Sicily. This is certainly a species of Stellària. Per-
than the sepals; capsules containing few seeds; seeds even, haps A. grandiflora, Lin.
shining. 2. F. Native of South America. A. alsinoides, Fir-like Sandwort. Pl. foot.
Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 201. Stellària pu- 100 A. MONTA'NA (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 272.) plant pubescent;
béscens, Willd. herb. ex Kunth, 1. c. Petals white. Seeds len- leaves lanceolate-linear; sterile stems very long, procumbent;
ticular, kidney-shaped.
peduncles terminal, very long, 1-flowered, fruit-bearing ones
Var. a, Quiténsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.) spaces of stem nodding ; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, much shorter than the
between the leaves longer than in var. B. Stems and branches corolla ; capsules ovate-globose, of 6-valves, equal in length to
terete. 4. F. Native of Quito in groves. Petals white. the calyx; valves bluntish; seeds kidney-shaped, rough. 4.
Var. B, Novogranaténsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 409.) leaves ob- H. Native of the west of France and Spain, on sterile moun-
long, half an inch long, or lanceolate, an inch long; stems and tains. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 784. Vent. cels. t. 34. Sims, bot. mag.
branches terete. 4. F. Native of the Andes in New Granada 1118. A. linearifòlia, Poir. dict. 6. p. 366. Habit of Cerastium.
in temperate places, at the height of 3000 feet. Petals white. Root creeping? Flowers large, white. Fruit nodding.
Grove Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
Var. B, intricata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 410.) leaves almost linear.
94 A. GALIOIDES (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 410.) stems A. intricata, Duf. in litt. 2. H. Native of Spain about Va-
slender, pilosely-hispid; leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, thin, lentia.
ciliated, disposed somewhat in whorled bundles ; flowers in Mountain Sandwort. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1800. Pl. į
dichotomous panicles; peduncles capillary, elongated ; sepals foot.
lanceolate, acute, nerveless, pilosely hispid, with the edges some- 101 A. RUSCIFÒLIA (Poir. dict. 6. p. 365.) leaves coria-
what membranaceous, hardly longer than the corolla. 4? H. ceous, ovate, spinose, edged, approximate; flowers in dichotomous
Native of? Habit of Gálium Anglicum, but more slender. panicles; sepals ovate, pungent, striped, almost one-half shorter
Flowers white.
than the petals ; capsules ovate, of 6 valves exceeding the calyx
Lady's-Bed-Straw-like Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to in length; valves narrow, acute. 2 ? H. Native ? Flowers
foot.
white.
95 A. LANCEOLA'TA (All. ped. no. 1715. t. 26. f. 5.) plant Butcher's-Broom-leaved Sandwort. Pl. } foot.
tufted, rather villous; branches ascending ; leaves lanceolate, 102 A. RE'PENS (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 410.) plant
narrow, acute, stiff, nerved; pedicels twice as long as the hairy; leaves ovate, almost sessile ; stems creeping; flowers
leaves; sepals lanceolate, acute, nerved, hardly longer than the solitary, axillary; peduncles shorter than the leaves ; sepals lan-
corolla ; capsules of 3-valves, length of calyx, with the valves ceolate, acutish, hardly longer than the corolla, with membrana-
callose at the apex. 4. H. Native of the Alps of Piedmont ceous margins; capsules ovate, of 6 valves, equal in length to
in stony pastures. Flowers white.
the calyx ; seeds kidney-shaped, shining, black. 4. H. Na-
Var. B, cherlerioades (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 785.) plant small; tive? Alsìne rèpens, herb. Deless. Flowers white.
stems creeping and tufted ; leaves imbricated.—A. cherlerioides, Creeping-stemmed Sandwort. Fl. May, July. Pl. creeping.
Vill. dauph. 4. p. 626. t. 47. f. 1. 4. H. Native of Dauphiny. 103 A. WALLICHIA'NA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 411.)
Flowers white.
plant very smooth ; leaves ovate-lanceolate; stems much branch-
Lanceolate-leaved Sandwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl.
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. ed, very numerous; sepals lanceolate, acute, rather pellucid, 1-
foot.
nerved, longer than the corolla ; capsules ovate, profoundly 6-
96 A. DE'NSA (Kit, ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 200.) valved, equal in length to the calyx; seeds somewhat pear-
p
leaves oblong-lanceolate, scabrous; stems tufted, branched,
stems tufted, branched, shaped, rough. 0. 8. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. A.
ascending ; sterile branches short, floral ones generally bearing serpyllifòlia, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 215. Very like A. ser-
3 flowers; sepals ovate, rather scarious ; petals twice as long as pyllifòlia, but distinct. Petals white.
the calyx. 4. H. Native of Croatia. Petals white.
Wallich's Sandwort. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. 1 to foot.
Dense Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Pl. & foot. 104 A. URALE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 396.) stem much
97 A. PURPURA'SCENS (Ram. pyr. ined. D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. branched, scabrous; leaves ovate, acute, sessile, nerved, rather
785. and 5. p. 611. icon. pl. rar. gall. p. 14. t. 45.) plant tufted, pilose ; peduncles aggregate, beset with glandular pili; sepals
decumbent; branches erect, 2 or 3-flowered ; leaves ovate-lan- acuminated, exceeding the corolla. O? H, Native of Siberia
ceolate, acuminated, glabrous; pedicels tomentose, scarcely ex- on the Ural mountains.
ceeding the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, smooth, with scarious Ural Sandwort. Pl. 1 foot.
margins, longer than the corolla ; capsules ovately-cylindrical, 105 A. BUXIFÒLIA (Poir. dict. 6. p. 362.) plant pubescent;
semi-6-valved, hardly protruding beyond the calyx; valves leaves ovate-oblong, sessile; stems creeping ; peduncles dicho-
acute; seeds kidney-shaped. 4. H. Native on the higher tomous, generally 2-flowered; sepals linear, short, obtuse, with
3

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXII. ARENARIA.
439
.
8
membranaceous margins; petals hardly longer than the calyx; panicled, dichotomous ; sepals ovate, acuminated, striped, rough,
capsules ovate, obtuse (of 5 valves ?) equal in length to the with membranaceous margins, shorter than the corolla. 2 ?H.
calyx. O. H. Native of Canada. Petals white.
Native of the Alps of Europe. Flowers white.
Box-leaved Sandwort. Pl. creeping.
Scabrous-leaved Sandwort. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1822. Pl. į ft.
106 A. SERPYLLIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 606.) leaves ovate, acute, 114 A. REDO'WSKII (Cham. in Schlecht. Linnæa, 1. p. 58.)
sessile, rough, ciliated, and smooth ; stems panicled ; sepals leaves elliptical, acute at both ends, mucronate, membranous,
hairy, lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, 3 outermost 5-nerved, green, ciliated at the base ; stems procumbent, tufted; sepals ovate,
opaque, almost double the size of the corolla; capsules acuminated, shorter than the corolla; petals longer than the
ovate, 6-valved at apex, equal in length to the calyx ; seeds calyx. 4. H. Native of Siberia. Like A. ciliata.
exactly kidney-shaped, wrinkled. O. H. Native throughout Redowski's Sandwort. Pl. procumbent.
the whole of Europe, on walls and dry sandy ground, common, 115 A. CRE'TICA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 396.) stem tufted ;
as well as in North America in cultivated ground, and on road leaves crowded, oblong, acute, stiffish, smooth; peduncles ter-
sides from New York to Carolina. Smith, engl. bot. t. 923. minal, usually 1-flowered, clammy-pubescent ; sepals keeled,
Curt. lond. fasc. 4. t. 32. Fl. dan. 977. Stellària serpyllifòlia, acutish, shorter than the corolla.
.
2. H. Native of Candia.
Scop. carn. no. 544. Flowers white, solitary.
A. hìrta, Sieb.
Var. B, víscida (Ser. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 411.) stems Cretan Sandwort. Pl. foot.
dwarf; leaves and calyxes full of nerves and clammy.
116 A. CILIA'TA (Lin. spec. 608.) leaves ovate or obovate,
Wild-Thyme-leaved Sandwort. Fl. July. Britain. Pl. 1 ft.
Pl. 1 ft. roughish, with a few hairs, 1-nerved, and ciliated ; stems pro-
107 A. PURSHIA'NA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 414.) cumbent; flowers usually solitary ; sepals ovate, acute, 5-7-
stem dichotomous, diffuse ; leaves oval, acutish; peduncles alter- ribbed; petals obovate, twice as long as the sepals; capsules
nate, axillary, solitary, elongated ; sepals acute, length of petals. ovate, of 6-valves, equal in length to the calyx. 2. H. Native
O. H. Native of Labrador on the sea-shore. A. thymifòlia, of Europe on high mountains. In Ireland upon the limestone
Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 317. but not of Sibth and Smith. cliffs of a high mountain adjoining to Ben Bulben, in the
Petals white.
county of Sligo. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1745. Fl. dan. t. 346.
Pursh's Sandwort. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Pl. I to 1 foot.
Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 245. t. 16. f. 1. Fl. dan. t. 346. A
108 A. THYMIFÒLIA (Smith, fl. græc. t. 441.) stems numerous, thick, tufted, spreading, procumbent plant. Flowers white.
slender, panicled ; leaves narrow-spatulate, smooth, 3-nerved ; Var. B, multicaúlis (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 783.) leaves pulpy
petals unguiculate, ovate, longer than the 3-nerved sepals. O. and somewhat leathery, and with the sepals scarcely nerved.
H. Native of Candia. Flowers small, white; anthers brown- A. multicaúlis, Wulf. in Jacq. coll. 1. p. 248. t. 17. f. 1. Flowers
ish. Like A. serpyllifòlia.
white.
Thyme-leaved Sandwort. Pl. į to 1 foot.
Ciliated-leaved Sandwort. Fl. July, Sep. Ireland. Pl. pro-
109 A. COIMBRICE'NSIS (Brot. A. lus. 2. p. 200. phyt. lus. p.
.
cumbent.
179. t. 73.) leaves fleshy, lanceolate, nerveless, glabrous on the 117 A. SCOPULÒRUM (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6.
under surface, but pubescent on the upper surface; stem pa- p. 31.) stems elongated, much branched, procumbent; leaves
nicled, dichotomous, erect; petals twice as long as the sepals; lanceolate-linear, acute, 1-nerved, membranaceous, with the
capsules 6-valved at the apex ; sepals bluntish, nerveless, margins and the back ciliated ; calyx glabrous, shorter than the
;
shorter than the corolla. O. H. Native of Portugal in sandy
O. H. Native of Portugal in sandy petals; capsules containing only 2 or 3 seeds; seeds smooth,
ground near Coimbra and elsewhere. Petals white.
shining. 2. F. Native of the Andes of Peru at the height
Coimbra Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 foot. of 5100 feet. A. dígyna, Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag.
110 A. PUBE'SCENS (D'Urv. enum. pl. arch. p. 50.) plant pu- 1816. p. 201. Flowers white.
bescent; leaves ovate, acute, on short footstalks; stems spread- Rocky Sandwort. Pl. procumbent.
ing, branched, elongated; sepals acute, shorter than the corolla. 118 A. DECUSSA'TA (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. in berl. mag.
2. H. Native of the island of Cos on the summits of the 1816. p. 35.) plant very much branched, creeping ; branches
mountains at the height of 1200 feet above the level of the sea. hairy; leaves lanceolate-linear, acute, mucronate, with thickened
Flowers white. Very like A. ciliàta, but differing in all parts of margins, 1-nerved, stiff, ciliated ; petals longer than the sepals ;
,
the plant being densely clothed with down ; the leaves are nar- ovary containing 4 or 5 seeds. 4. F. Native of Mexico near
rower, and the sepals are not striped.
Moran at the height of 3990 feet above the level of the sea.
Pubescent Sandwort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot. H. B. and Kunth, gen. et spec. 6. p. 34. Petals white.
6
111 A. CINE'REA (D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 811.) plant grey, hairy ; Decussate-leaved Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. a to į foot.
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, ciliated, upper ones distant, lan- 119 A. SE'RPENS (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p.
ceolate, acute; flowers in dichotomous panicles, on long pedun- 32.) plant much branched, creeping, glabrous; leaves oblong,
,
cles; sepals lanceolate, acute, somewhat keeled, almost one-half somewhat spatulate, obtuse, rather fleshy, veinless, ciliated at
smaller than the corolla ; capsules ovate, equal in length with the the base ; petals hardly longer than the sepals; capsules con-
calyx, of 6 valves; valves callose at the apex. 4. H. Native taining generally about 15 seeds ; seeds smooth, shining. 4.
of the south of France. Flowers white.
F. Native of Peru at the bottom of mount Chimborazo, at the
Cinereous Sandwort. Fl. April, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
height of 4920 feet. Flowers white.
112 A. BREVICAU’LIS (Sternb. in Spreng. pl. min. cog
1.
p.
Serpent Sandwort. Pl. creeping.
31.) leaves oblong, acutish, 3-nerved, ciliated, somewhat imbri- 120 A. RADDIA'NA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 412.) leaves
cate; stems prostrate; sepals lanceolate, acuminated, striped, ovate-lanceolate, tapering to the base, ciliated ; stems very long,
exceeding the petals in length, with membranaceous margins. branched, prostrate, glabrous, quadrangular ; peduncles axillary,
ş? H. Native of the Alps of Rhætia. Petals white. Very 1 to 3-flowered; flowers apetalous. © ? F. Native of Madeira.
like A. ciliàta, but differing in the stems being erect, leaves Sepals lanceolate, pellucid, with three green nerves.
Bracteas
blunt, 1-nerved ; sepals smaller, and petals 1-nerved.
two, somewhat similar to the sepals. A. alsinoides, Raddi brev.
Short-stemmed Sandwort. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. & ft. osserv. p. 13. but not of Willd.
113 A. SCA'BRA (Poir. dict. 6. p. 377.) leaves lanceolate,
Raddi's Sandwort. Pl. prostrate.
acute, spreading, scabrous ; stem simple, very short; peduncles 121 A. NORVE'GICA (Gunn. fl. norv. 2. no. 1100. t. 9. f. 7-9.

440
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXII. ARENARIA.
4
A pretty
4. H.
ex Horn. fl. dan. t. 1269.) plant glabrous ; stems terete, pro- the base ; flowers nodding ; sepals oblong, acute, with membra-
cumbent, 1-2-flowered; leaves spatulate, glabrous ; flowers naceous margins ; petals perhaps always wanting ; stamens
terminal, rather globose ; sepals ovate, obtuse, hardly nerved, longer than the calyx. 0. H. Native of Eastern Siberia.
with the margins rather membranaceous, equal in length with Calyx-flowered Sandwort. Pl. 1 foot.
the corolla ; capsule ovate-globose, of 6 valves at the apex, 130 A. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 343.) leaves orbi-
hardly exceeding the calyx. 4. H. Native of Norway. Petals cular, hardly ciliated at the base; stems filiform, procumbent ;
white.
peduncles lateral, 2-leaved, somewhat dichotomous ; sepals
Norwegian Sandwort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
lanceolate, acute, with membranaceous margins ; petals obovate,
122 A. TRINE'RVIA (Lin. spec. 605.) stem slender, branched; length of calyx. 4. H. Native on the Alps of Caucasus.
leaves ovate, acute, 3-nerved, stalked, ciliated; peduncles Round-leaved Sandwort. Fl. March, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
long, becoming deflexed after flowering; sepals lanceolate, 131 A. BALEARICA (Lin. syst. nat. ed. 12. app. 230.) plant
acute, obscurely 3-nerved, with a rough keel and membra- tufted, creeping ; leaves ovate, shining, rather fleshy, ciliated ;
naceous margins, much longer than the corolla ; capsules ovate, peduncles elongated, 1-flowered'; flowers drooping ; sepals ovate,
of 6 valves, equal in length to the calyx; seeds kidney-shaped, bluntish, nerveless, much shorter than the corolla ; capsules
black, and smooth. O. H. Native of most parts of Europe ovate, of 6 valves, hardly exceeding the calyx in length. 2. H.
in shady bushy places, where the soil is rather moist. Smith, Native of Corsica and the Balearic islands. Lher. stirp. 1. t.
engl. bot. t. 1483. Curt. lond. fasc. 4. t. 31. Fl. dan. t. 429. 15. A. muscosa, Medic. act. pal. 3. p. 202. t. 12. A
Petals white. Habit of Alsine mèdia.
little tufted plant, with white flowers.
Three-nerved-leaved Sandwort. Fl. May, June. Britain. Balearic Sandwort. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1787. Pl. } to ft.
Pl. Į to 1 foot.
132 A. BIFLÓRA (Lin. mant. 71.) leaves ovate-roundish,
-
123 A. Mura'lis (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 397.) plant glabrous, rather imbricated; stems procumbent, very much
clothed with glandular pubescence ; leaves spatulate, acutish, branched; peduncles lateral, 2-flowered; flower-buds roundish;
rather fleshy; stem much branched ; flowers racemose; petals sepals ovate, obtuse, shorter than the corolla ; capsules ovate, of
emarginate, equal with the acute sepals. O? H. Native of 3 valves, length of calyx; valves callose at the apex.
Candia. Petals white.
Native of the south of Europe on the highest Alps, near the
Wall Sandwort. Pl. foot.
limits of perpetual snow. All. ped. no. 1699. t. 44. f. 1. et t.
124 A. OXYPE'TALA (Smith, fl. græc. t. 437.) hairy; stem 64. f. 3. good. Jacq icon. rar. t. 83. Flowers white. .
slender, erect, branched ; leaves ovate, acute, stalked, 1-nerved ; Var. B, apétala (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 782.) leaves imbricate,
peduncles terminal, panicled, dichotomous; calyx hairy, obso- ciliated; flowers apetalous. A. apétala, Vill. dauph. p. 622.
letely 5-nerved ; petals acuminated. O. H. Native of Greece. t. 48.
Plant very like common Chickweed, but erect. Flowers white. Two-flowered Sandwort. Pl.
Pl. 1 foot.
Sharp-petalled Sandwort. Pl. 1 to foot.
133 A.? MUSCOI'DES (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6.
125 A. UMBELLA'TA (Sol. in Russ. allepo, ed. 2. p. 252.) p. 32.) plant creeping, glabrous ; leaves small, rather imbricate,
stems ascending, leafy, jointed, smooth ; leaves obovate, ciliated; linear-lanceolate, nerveless, acutish, rather fleshy; petals hardly
flowers umbellate; petals rather torn. O. H. Native of Asia the length of the sepals ; capsules containing few-seeds; seeds
Minor. Smith, f. græc. t. 439. Plant glaucous. Habit of smoothish. 2. F. Native of South America on the summit of
Holosteum umbellatum. Flowers white.
mount Antisana, at the height of 6900 feet. A. nàna, Willd.
Umbellate-flowered Sandwort. Pl. 2 to 3 inches.
herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 201.
201. Seeds very minute,
126 A. LATERIFLÓRA (Lin. spec. 605.) stem slender, branch- rather lenticular. Petals white.
ed ; leaves broad-ovate, obtuse, ciliated, nerved ; peduncles Moss-like Sandwort. Pl. creeping.
lateral, long, 1-2-flowered; sepals ovate, obtuse ; petals twice 134 A. TETRA'GYNA (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag.
as long as the sepals; capsules ovate, obtuse, twice as long as 1816. p. 201.) plant much branched, creeping, glabrous ; leaves
the calyx (of 3-6 valves ?) valves obtuse. 2? H. Native of approximate, oblong-lanceolate, acutish, obsoletely 1-nerved,
the islands of Kamtschatka and St. Lawrence. Hook, fi. bor. rather fleshy, and ciliated towards the base; corolla exceeding
amer. t. 34. Similar to A. trinérvia, but very
distinct. Petals the calyx in length; styles for the most part 4 ; capsules of 4
white.
valves, containing 8 or 10 seeds ; seed tubercled. O. H.
Lateral-flowered Sandwort. Pl. 1 to foot.
Native of South America on Mount Antisana, at the height of
127 A. CERASTIIFÒLIA (Ram. in Ď. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 783.) plant
D.
6300 to 6600 feet. H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. p. 30.
tufted, rather woody, branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, 3- Flowers white.
nerved, pubescent ; peduncles terminal, 1-flowered, clothed with Four-styled Sandwort. Pl. creeping.
glandular hairs; sepals lanceolate, bluntish, nerved, shorter 135 A. BRYOI'DES (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816.
than the corolla ; capsules ovate, of 3-valves, hardly exceeding p. 201.) plant tufted, glabrous ; leaves small, imbricate, in 4 rows,
the calyx in length ; valves callose at the apex. 4. H. Native ovate, obtuse, concave, nerveless, thick, ciliated; petals shorter
of the Pyrenees in the chinks of rocks. A. Ramóndi, Poir. than the sepals; capsules containing only 1 or 2 seeds. 4. F.
suppl. 5. p. 3. Flowers white.
Native of America in very cold places on Mount Tolucca in
Chickweed-like Sandwort. Pl. 1 foot.
I
Mexico, at the height of 5700 feet. H. B. et Kunth, gen.
128 A. MACROPHY'LLA (Hook, fl. bor. amer, t. 37.) smooth; et spec. amer. 6. p. 33. Petals white.
leaves lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, tapering to both ends; Bryum-like Sandwort. Pl. į foot.
peduncles lateral, 2-3-flowered ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acu- 136 A. DICRANOI'DES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec.
minated ; petals oblong, obtuse, much shorter than the sepals; amer. 6. p. 34.) plant tufted, glabrous; leaves imbricated in
capsule 6-valved at the apex; valves obtuse ; stem erect, terete. 4 rows, ovate-lanceolate, acute, concave, 1-nerved, ciliated ;
21. H. Native of North America on the western coast. Flowers flowers terminal, solitary, sessile, with 2 styles. 4. F. Native
white.
of South America on Mount Antisana, at the height of 6300
Long-leaved Sandwort. Pl. I foot.
feet. Lobelia bryoìdes, Willd. herb. mss. ex Schlecht. in Roem.
129 A. CALYCA'NTHA (Ledeb. ex Fisch. in litt. and D. C. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 41. Fruit unknown. Flowers white.
prod. 1. p. 412.) leaves oblong, acute, sessile, hardly ciliated at Dicranum-like Sandwort. Pl. į foot.
p

CARYOPHYLLEÆ441
.
, XXXII. ARENARIA. XXXIII. MERCKIA. XXXIV. CERASTIUM.
a
very small.
137 A. SALZMA’NNI (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. app. 181.) stem Clandestine Sandwort. Pl. 4 foot.
much branched, flaccid, villous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, 146 A.? STELLARIOI'DES (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht, berl. mag.
hispidly-ciliated ; panicle dichotomous ; sepals 3-nerved, with 1816. p. 209.) leaves ciliary-serrulated ; stems pubescent,
scarious margins, shorter than the corolla, but longer than the somewhat panicled ; sepals lanceolate, longer than the corolla.
sub-globose capsule. 4. H. Native of Sicily.
Native of Caucasus.
Salzmann's Sandwort. Pl. to į foot.
.
Stitchwort-like Sandwort. Pl. foot.
138 A. SPATULA'TA (Desf. atl. 1. p. 358.) plant pubescent ; 147 A. AFFI'NIS (Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816.
leaves spatulate, ciliated at the base ; stem erect, filiform, p. 198.) leaves oblong, acute, stalked ; upper ones sessile; corolla
branched; flowers panicled, dichotomous ; sepals oblong, pu- shorter than the calyx. Native of Siberia.
bescent, with membranaceous margins, much shorter than the Allied Sandwort. Pl. 4 foot.
corolla ; capsules ovate, equal in length to the calyx (of 5 Cult. Arenària is a genus of dwarf herbaceous plants, for
valves ?) valves callose at the apex. 0. H. Native of Barbary the most part perennial, the most of which are well adapted for
in sand near Algiers. A. cerastioides, Poir. dict. 6. p. 363. but
. 6
ornamenting rock-work, but some of the rarer species should be
not of D. C. nor Lapeyr. Anthers blue. Petals white, slightly grown in small pots well drained with potsherds, in a mixture of
emarginate, obovate.
sand, loam, and peat, and placed among other alpine plants.
Spatulate-leaved Sandwort. Pl. į foot.
Those species marked frame only require to be sheltered during
139 A. PROCU'MBENS (Vahl. symb. 1. p..50. t. 33.) plant frost. The perennial species may be either increased by divid-
pubescent ; leaves linear-lanceolate and elliptic; stems pros- ing the plants at the root, by seeds, or cuttings planted under a
trate ; peduncles elongated, panicled; sepals lanceolate, bluntish, hand-glass will root freely.
hand-glass will root freely. The annual kinds are not so shewy
with membranaceous margins, a little longer than the corolla ; as the perennials, therefore they are not worth cultivating, except
capsule (of 5 valves ?) equal in length with the calyx ; seeds in botanical gardens; they may be either sown on the rock-work
4. H. Native of Tunis, Egypt, and Naples or in the annual arrangement.
among rubbish. A. herniariæfòlia, Desf. atl. 1. p. 358. "A.
geniculata, Poir. dict. 6. p. 365. A. rosea, Presl. ex Spreng. XXXIII. ME'RCKIA (in honour of Dr. Merk, who tra-
Petals red and white.
velled in Eastern Asia). Cham. in Schlecht. Linnæa. vol. 2.
. . .
Procumbent Sandwort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1801. Pl. ſ ft.
1 3
1 .
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted.
SYST
Pe-
140 A. Jussie'Æ (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 174.) leaves lanceolate, tals 5, unguiculate, entire. Stamens 5, alternating with the
acute, scabrous ; flowers solitary, on long peduncles ; sepals sepals ; filaments filiform ; anthers fixed by the middle, some-
,
keeled, acute with membranous margins, scabrous; petals a what globose. Styles 3. Capsule sessile, inflated, depressedly-
little shorter than the capsule, but a little longer than the calyx. globose, furrowed, imperfectly 3-celled, 3-valved, with the
2. F. Native of Brazil. Plant decumbent, 2 feet long. Cap- dissepiments 2-parted, bearing the seeds. Seeds numerous,
.
sule 3-valved.
or few, pear-shaped. Embryo hooked with the radical towards
Jussieu's Sand-wort. Fl. March. Pl. decumbent.
the hilum. Herbs with creeping roots, and fleshy, opposite
leaves on short footstalks, Flowers stalked, terminal, and la-
† Species not sufficiently known, but evidently all belonging to
the last division of the
teral, solitary.
genus.
1 M. PHYSO'DES (Fisch, in litt. ex Cham. 1. c.) tufted ; leaves
141 A. Rosa'NI (Ten. prod. p. 26. and cat. 1819. p. 43.) ovate, acute, ciliated, distant, thin ; peduncles long ; sepals lan-
leaves linear-lanceolate, mucronate, hairy, striated ; stem erect, ceolate, acutish, equal in length to the corolla ; seeds small,
hairy, generally 3-flowered ; petals obovate, twice the length of pear-shaped. 4. H. Native of Kamtschatka and in Eschscholtz
the striped calyx. 4. H. Native of Lucania. Petals white.
Bay in the sea-sand. Arenària physodes, D. C. prod. 1. p. 413.
Rosani's Sandwort. Pl. 13 inch.
Flowers white. Seeds numerous.
142 A. BARTOLO'TTI (Tineo. pl. rar. sic. pug. 1. p. 10.) leaves
Bladdery-capsuled Merkia. Pl. creeping,
lanceolate, almost glabrous; stem decumbent, panicled, dicho- 2 M. PEPLOI Des; leaves ovate, acute, fleshy, approximate,
tomous, 2-edged ; panicle pubescent; petals ovate, almost ciliated at the base; peduncles short; sepals oblong, acutish, equal
equal in length with the calyx; sepals ovate-lanceolate, with in length to the corolla ; seeds few, large, pear-shaped. 4. H.
membranaceous margins. 2? H. Native of Sicily by the Native throughout northern Europe in the sea-sand; plentiful
sea-side near Gela. Petals white?
in Britain. Arenària peploides, Lin. spec. 605. Smith, engl.
Bartolotti's Sandwort. Pl.
Pl. foot.
bot. t. 189. Fl. dan. 189. Honkénya peploides, Erhr. beit. 2.
143 A. MOLLUGINIFO'LIA (Pour. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 181. Flowers red. Capsule roundish, equalling the calyx.
p. 201.) leaves obovate, acute; peduncles bifid, drooping. The plant is fermented and used by the Icelanders for food.
2? H. Native of Spain.
Peplis-like Merckia. Fl. June, Aug. Brit. Pl. creeping.
Mollugo-leaved Sandwort. Pl. I foot.
Cult. These plants will grow in any common garden-soil,
144 A. SERICEA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod.). p. 414.) leaves and are easily increased by dividing the plants at the root.
silky, lanceolate, ciliated; stem erect; branches 1-flowered ;
corolla shorter than the calyx. 2? H. Native of Siberia. A.
purpurea, Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. 211.
XXXIV. CERA'STIUM (from kepas kepatos, keras keratos,
Petals purple ?
a horn ; because many of the species have capsules exactly of
Silky-leaved Sandwort. Pl. 1 ?
the form of an ox's horn). Lin. gen. no. 797.
gen. no. 797. Gært, fruct. 2.
p.
145 A. CLANDESTI'NA (Portenschlag. pl. dalm. t. 1. ined.) p. 231. t. 130. f. 6. D. C. prod. 1, p. 414.
leaves linear-lanceolate, acute; stem simple, 1-flowered; flower
LIN. syst. Decándria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
large,
5, bifid.
nodding ; peduncles short; sepals oblong, obtuse, 5-
Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsules 1-celled, cylin-
times shorter than the corolla; petals very long and very narrow,
drical or globose, opening at the apex by 10 circinnate or
linear, acute; stamens or 5 small egg-shaped little bodies seated
ascending teeth Flowers of all white.
between the ovary and the petals; ovary oblong; styles 3;
stigmas forked. 2? O. H. Native of Dalmatia. Perhaps Sect. 1. STRE'PHODON (otpeow, strepho, to turn, and odovs
a proper genus. Perhaps the same as A. calycina,
odovtos, odous odontos, a tooth; in allusion to the revolute teeth
3 L
a
VOL. I. PART V.

442
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXIV. CeraSTIUM.
;
of the capsule). Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 414. Capsules Stitchwort-like Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June. July.
F1Clt.
cylindrical, with circinnate or revolute teeth.
1810. Pl. { foot.
1 C. PAUCIFLO'R UM (Stev. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 414.) 9 C. MOLLISSIMUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 164.) leaves clasping
plant pilose ; leaves lanceolate, acute; flowers few, on long the stem, lanceolate, acute, covered with soft down; panicle
dichotomous peduncles, nodding, with a solitary flower rising diffuse, somewhat umbellate, O? H. Native of Peru. Very
from the fork; petals and capsules much longer than the calyx. like C. perfoliàlum.
O. H. Native of Siberia.
Softest Mouse-ear Chickweed. Pl. 1 foot.
Few-flowered Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1816. Pl. foot.
Sect. II. O'RTHODON (from opos, orthos, straight, and odove
2 C. NEMORA'LE (Bieb. fl. taur. suppl. p. 317.) plant hairy, odovros, odous odontos, a tooth ; in allusion to the teeth of the
clammy; stem erect, upper part forked ; cauline leaves lanceo-
calyx being straight). Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 415.
late, acute; flowers axillary, solitary, spreading, on long pe-
Capsules cylindrical or ovate, with the margins of the teeth
duncles; petals length of calyx; capsules hardly longer than
;
revolute.
the calyx. 0. H. Native of Caucasus in groves.
Grove Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1818.
§ 1. Petals equal in length to the calyx or smaller.
Pl. 1 foot.
3 C. PERFOLIA'TUM (Lin. spec. 627.) plant glabrous and
Capsules cylindrical, longer than the calyx.
glaucous; stem erect, branched, or simple ; leaves lanceolate,
connate, bluntish; flowers in umbels; petals much shorter than 10 C. DICHO'TOMUM (Lin. spec. 628.) plant pilose, clammy;
the calyx. 0. H. Native of Greece, Barbary, and Siberia in stem branched at the top, dichotomous, with a solitary flower in
sandy places.-Dill. elth. 295. t. 217. f. 284. good.
each fork; peduncles and petals almost equal in length to the
Perfoliate-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. calyx; segments of calyx lanceolate, acute ; capsules very long,
Clt. 1725. Pl. 2 feet.
erect ; leaves lanceolate. O. H.
O. H. Native of Spain and Algiers
4 C. CAUCA'SICUM (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 414.) stem among corn. C. inflàtum and C. glandulòsum, Hort. berl. appear
erect, dichotomous; branches elongated; cauline leaves lan- to be only varieties. Myosotis dichotomum, Manch. meth. 225.
ceolate, glabrous, but with scabrous margins ; petals length of Alsìne corniculàta, Cluss. hist. 2. p. 184.
the glabrous sepals; capsules shorter than the pubescent pedicels. Forked-stemmed Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, Jul. Clt.
O. H. Native of Caucasus. C. elongatum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1725. Pl. į foot.
suppl. p. 316. but not of Pursh. Flowers about the size of 11 C. RUDERA'LE (Bieb. A. taur. 1. p. 357. suppl. p. 318.)
those of Stellària Holóstea. Capsules somewhat cylindrical, plant hairy ; stem erect, dichotomous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, ,
broad, a little longer than the calyx.
bluntish; flowers somewhat umbellate ; peduncles much longer
Caucasian Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Pl. 1 foot. than the calyx ; segments of calyx lanceolate, acute, equal in
5 C. FRIGIDUM (Bieb. fl. taur. p. 362. suppl. p. 320.) plant length to the petals ; capsules pendulous, twice the length of
villous; stems branched at the base, ascending, dichotomously calyx. 0. H. Native of Caucasus near Kisljar.
umbellate ; leaves lanceolate, acute, hairy ; sepals lanceolate, Rubbish Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817.
acute ; petals much longer than the calyx; capsules oblong. Pl. 1 foot.
1 1
4. H. Native of the alps of Caucasus. C. purpurascens, 12 C. TAU’RICUM (Spreng. ex herb. Balb. D. C. prod. 1.
Adams, ap. Web. et Mohr. cat. 1. p. 60. Flowers blue.
p. 415.) plant hairy ; stem erect, much branched ; leaves ovate,
Frigid Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May. Pl. į to 1 foot. lower ones tapering to the base, upper ones sessile ; flowers
6 Č. DAHU’RICUM (Fisch. in Spreng. pl. min. cog. 2. p. 65.
2
dichotomously-panicled, equal in length with the peduncles;
Schrank. hort. monac. t. 75. good.) plant smoothish, glaucous; petals length of calyx; capsules oblong, rather tapering, twice
.
stem dichotomous ; leaves cordate-ovate, clasping the stem; the length of calyx. O. H. Native of Tauria. Very like
fruit-bearing peduncles very long and deflexed ; sepals lanceo- C. vulgatum, but the stems are more branched, leaves more
late, with scarious margins; petals semibifid, longer than the numerous, and the flowers much smaller.
calyx. 4. H. Native of all parts of Siberia amongst rubbish. Taurian Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July.
Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820.
. .
C. connatum? Willd. ex Steud. nom. C. amplexicaúle, Sims, Pl. į foot.
bot. mag. t. 1789. good.-Gmel. sib. 4. p. 148. no. 49. t. 62. f. 1. 13 C. ILLY'RICUM (Arduin. spec. D. C. prod. 1. p. 420.)
Var. B, Holósteum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 415.) leaves linear-lan- flowers generally pentandrous ; petals emarginate ; stems very
ceolate, clasping the stem and rather ciliated ; stems and pedun- spreading and very hairy; calyx externally hairy. O. H.
cles rather hairy. Fisch. in litt. C. nìtens, Stev. in litt. Native of the Morea and the Island of Cyprus on mountains.
Dahurian Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1815. C. pilòsum, Sibth. and Smith, fl. græc. t. 454. but not of Horn.
PI. 1 to 3 feet.
Flowers pentandrous, but according to Arduin decandrous. A
7 C. MaʼxiMUM (Lin. spec. 629.) plant puberulous ; stems spreading plant like C. vulgatum.
diffuse ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated, tapering to both Illyrian Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Pl. foot.
,
A .
ends ; flowers large, in dichotomous umbels ; petals crenated 14. C. VULGATUM (Lin. spec. 627.) plant hairy, rather clammy,
and 2-lobed ; capsules ovate, about the length of the calyx. pale-green; stems erect; leaves elliptic, very blunt; flowers dicho-
4. H. Native of Siberia.-Gmel. sib. 4. p. 150. no. 51. t. 62. tomous, somewhat umbellate, longer than the peduncles; petals
f. 2. Stems more or less hairy. Roots creeping.
equalling the calyx in length; capsules oblong, tapering, twice
Largest-flowered Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, Sept. as long as the calyx. O. H. Native throughout the whole of
Clt. 1792. Pl. I to 1 foot.
Europe in fields, waste ground, as well as on walls and dry
8 C. STELLARIOI'DES (Moc. pl. nutk.icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1. banks, common. Plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 789.
p. 415.) stem erect, dichotomous, branched, generally 3-flowered, C. viscosum, Huds. ang. 200. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 35. Bieb.
and are as well as leaves glabrous; leaves oblong, acuminated; fl. taur. and suppl. no. 884.–Vaill. par. 1. t. 30. f. 3. C. bar-
pedicels 1-flowered, terminal ; sepals lanceolate; petals semibifid, bulàtum, Wahl. Al. carp. no. 446.
bulàtum, Wahl. fl. carp. no. 446. C. rotundifolium, Sternb.
twice the length of the calyx. 0. H. Native of North Ame- et Hopp. in mem. soc. ratisb. 1818. p. 113. ex Bieb. I. c.
rica, about Nutka.
Var. B, glomerátum (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 776.) leaves very
O
1

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXIV. CERASTIUM.
443
p. 521.
8
blunt; flowers umbellately glomerate. C. ovale, Pers. ench. 1. Native of Spain and Tauria among rubbish. Bieb. fi. taur. 1.
p. 359. suppl. p. 319. Perhaps a mere variety of the last.
·
Var.
Y,
Americànum (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 416.) Pentandrous Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, May. Clt.
stem very short, few-flowered; leaves imbricate. C. pùmilum, 1821. Pl. 1 foot.
Rafin. in litt. but not of Curt. lond. C. semidecándrum of 21 C. ANDRO'SACEUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 416.)
American authors. O. H. Native of North America on dry, plant very small, and very hairy ; leaves ovate; stem dichoto-
barren, and sunny hills; frequent in Pennsylvania and Virginia. mous; flowers rather capitate in threes on stalks, involucrate at
Var. 8, tenéllum (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 416.) plant the base ; segments of calyx narrow, very acute. O.H. Native
very minute, filiform; stems 1-2-flowered. O. H. Native about Constantinople. C. pilòsum, Castagne in litt. but not of
about Geneva in sandy places. C. tenéllum, Gaud. fl. helv. mss. Horn. nor Ledeb. Habit of Andrósuce villosa.
Common Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, July. Britain. Androsace-like Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, May. Pl.
Pl. Í to { foot.
i
foot.
15 c. viscosum (Lin. spec. 627.) plant hairy and clammy. 22 C. GRA'CILE (Duf. in ann. gen. sc. ph. 7. p. 304.) plant
dark-green; stems recumbent ; leaves lanceolate-oblong ; flowers erect, slender, dichotomous, clothed with clammy pubescence ;
dichotomously-umbellate ; peduncles and petals equal in length lower leaves ovate, stalked, upper ones ovate-lanceolate, sessile ;
with the calyx; capsules rather pendulous, terete, twice the flowers solitary, distant; peduncles hardly longer than the
length of the calyx. 4. H. Native of most parts of Europe flowers, fruit-bearing ones deflexed ; corolla length of calyx ;
in meadows, pastures, waste ground and on walls ; very common capsules protruding, oblong; stąmens either 5 or 10.
Ο. Η.
also in North America from Canada to Carolina (Pursh). Plen- Native of Spain on rocks at a place called La Sierra de Vernisa,
tiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 790. C. vulgatum, Huds. near St. Philip. Very like C. pentandrum or C. semidecándrum.
200. Bieb. fl. taur. and suppl. no. 883. Curt. lond, fasc. 2. Slender Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818.
t. 34. C. sylvaticum, Schleich. exsic. C. obscùrum, Chaub. Pl. 1 foot.
in St. Amans. fl. agen. p. 180. bouq. t. 4. f. 1.
23 C. BRACHYPE'TALUM (Desp. in Pers. ench. 1. p. 520.)
Clammy Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, Sept. Britain. stem erect, tomentose, dichotomous ; leaves ovate ; flowers
Pl. recumbent.
panicled ; peduncles longer than the flowers ; calyx villous,
16 C. HOLOSTEOI'DES (Fries, nov. fl. succ. III.) stem pubes- longer than the petals; capsules hardly exceeding the length of
cent on one side ; peduncles pilose ; leaves oblong, glabrous; the calyx. O. H. Native of Europe among rubbish. D. C.
petals shorter than the calyx; margins of calyx scariose. 4. H. f. fr. 4. p. 777. icon. pl. gall. t. 44. C. canéscens, Horn. ex
Native of Sweden. Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. p. 138.
Spreng. in herb. Balb. Stems and leaves very hairy:
Holosteum-like House-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July. Clt. Short-petalled Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, May. Clt.
1818. Pl. 1 foot.
1816. Pl. I to į foot.
17 C. STRIGO'SUM (Fries, nov. Al. succ. III.) stem erect ; leaves 24 C. SPATULATUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 520.) stem simple,
oblong, obtuse, strigose; flowers somewhat capitate; sepals rather villous ; leaves hairy, lower ones obovately-spatulate,
lanceolate, hispid, greatly exceeding the petals in length. 2?H.
4 stalked, cauline ones somewhat ovate, sessile ; flowers glomerate.
Native of Sweden.
O. H. Native of Jamaica. Capsules a little longer than the calyx.
Strigose Mouse-ear Chickweed. Pl. 1 to foot.
Spatulate-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed.
Fl. June, July
18 Č. PELLUÏCIDUM (Chaubard, in St. Amans. Al. agen. p. 181.)
.
Pl. 3 to 4 foot.
bouq. t. 4. f. 2.) plant villous and clammy; stems erect ; leaves 25 C. PU’LVUM (Rafin. prec. p. 36. journ. bot. 1814. p. 269.)
ovate-roundish; peduncles 3 or 4 times longer than the calyx; plant clothed with fulvous hairs; stem erect, angular ; leaves
bracteas of the universal forks rather membranaceous, pellucid ; obtuse ; flowers dichotomous ; sepals lanceolate, acute; petals
petals longer than the calyx. O. H. Native of sandy places equal in length to the calyx;
equal in length to the calyx; capsules nodding, arched. O. H.
Ο
towards Āgen. Perhaps only a variety of C. semidecandrum. Native of Pennsylvania and Virginia.
Flowers pentandrous.
Fulvous-haired Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, June. Pl.
Pellucid-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, May. 1 to foot.
Pl. 1 foot.
26°C. mura'LE (Desp. in D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 609.) plant hairy,
19 C. SEMIDECA'NDRUM (Lin. spec. 627.) plant hairy, viscid ; erectish, stiff; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, numerous ; flowers
stems erect; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; flowers pentandrous, di- length of pedicels, disposed in bundles ; petals emarginate, equal
chotomously-umbellate ; peduncles longer than the calyx; petals in length to the calyx; capsules oblong, scarcely exceeding the
slightly cloven ; capsules terete, deflexed after flowering, twice calyx in length. 2? H. Native of France.
the length of the calyx. 0. H. Native of most parts of Wall Mouse-ear Chickweed. Pl. to foot.
Europe in waste and sandy ground; also on walls in the out- 27 C. DIFFUSUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 520.) stem much branched,
skirts of towns or villages, very frequent. Plentiful in Britain. villous, opaque, diffuse ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather hispid ;
,
e
Smith, engl. bot. t. 1630. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 33.—Vaill. flowers dichotomously panicled, numerous ; pedicels length of
par. t. 30, f. 2.
flowers; petals emarginate, shorter than the calyx ; capsules
Var. B, pūmilum (Curt. lond. fasc. 6. t. 30.) petals cloven a obovate, about equal in length to the calyx. 2.H. Native?
third of their length. O. H. On dry banks near Croydon, Habit of Stellària arenària.
Surrey.
Diffuse Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1820.
Var. y, alsinoàdes (D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 776.) calycine lobes Pl. 4 to 4 foot.
scariose on the margins and apices. C. alsinoides, Pers. ench.
1. p. 521.
521. O. H. Native about Montpelier.
Semidecandrous Mouse-ear Chickweed.
** Capsules egg-shaped, equalling the calyx in length, or
Fl. March, April.
shorter.
Britain. Pl. 1 foot.
20 C. PENTA'NDRUM (Lin. spec. 627.) plant procumbent, and 28 C. SERPYLLIFÒLIUM (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 26? Link.
rather clammy ; radical leaves spatulate; cauline ones oval- enum. 1. p. 433.) stem decumbent at the base, hairy, rather
orbicular ; segments of calyx acuminated, longer than the slightly clammy; leaves lanceolate, tapering to the base, distant ;
flowers
cloven petals ; capsules shorter than the pedicels. O. H. dichotomous, on short pedicels, with a solitary flower in each
p
bot.
. Y
3 L 2

444
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXIV. CERASTIUM.
с
fork, on a long pedicel; capsules ovate, shorter than the calyx. Rock Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820.
4. H. Native of Siberia. C. serpillifòlium, Bieb. ex Stev. Pl. prostrate.
in litt. 1817.
36 C. FONTA'NUM (Baumg. fl. trans. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p.
Wild-thyme-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. 416.) stem creeping, somewhat tetragonal, hairy; leaves pilose,
Clt. 1817. Pl. decumbent.
radical ones spatulate, cauline ones ovate ; flowers panicled ;
29 C. LONGIFO'LIUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 814. but not of Poir.) petals shorter than the calyx ; capsule ovate-globose. 4. H.
stem erect, dichotomous, hairy, clammy; leaves linear-lanceo- Native of Transylvania.
late; sepals with membranaceous margins; petals shorter than Fountain Mouse-ear Chickweed. Pl. creeping.
the calyx; fruit-bearing peduncles horizontal; capsules length 37 C. CILIA'TUM (Kit. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 417.) stem
of calyx. 0. H. Native of Armenia.
straight; leaves linear, in fascicles, scabrous above, but revolute
Long-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Pl. 4 to 1 foot.
and smooth beneath ; peduncles terminal, elongated, corymbose ;
30 Č. COMMERSONIA'NUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 417.) petals bifid, much longer than the obtuse sepals. 4. H. Native
stem dichotomous, viscid, angular; leaves linear, very long, ses- of Croatia on the Matra mountains. C. Matrénse, Kit. in Spreng.
sile, rather viscid; flowers dichotomously-umbellate ; sepals pl. min. cogn. 1. p. 33. Panicle terminal, leafy.
lanceolate, acute, hardly membranaceous at the margins; corolla Ciliated Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. Z ft.
and capsule length of calyx. O. 4? H. Native of Monte 38 C. ELONGATUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 321. but not of
Video. C. longifolium, Juss. ex Poir. suppl. 2. p. 164. but not Bieb.) plant hairy ; leaves linear, longer than the internodes,
of Willd.
divaricating; peduncles terminal, elongated, di-trichotomous;
Commerson's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Pl. 1 foot.
bracteas ovate; petals emarginate, twice the length of the acute
31 C. AQUA’TICUM (Lin. spec. 629.) plant rather hairy ; root sepals; capsules somewhat globose. 2. H. Native of North
creeping ; stem weak, straggling, round, forked ; leaves heart- America on the plains of the Columbia river.
shaped, sessile ; peduncles lateral, solitary, 1-flowered, viscid ; Elongated-peduncled Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Apr. May.
sepals ovate, slightly marginate; capsule ovate, length of calyx 39 C. DEFLE'XUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 417.) plant
or longer, opening by 5 cloven teeth. 4. H. B. Native of downy; stem tall, dichotomous, panicled; leaves ovate-lanceo-
many parts of Europe in watery places and on the margins of late, waved; flowers erect, small; petals exceeding the calyx ;
rivers and ditches; plentiful in Britain. Smith, eng. bot. t. capsule-bearing peduncles deflexed ; capsules hardly equalling
538. Curt. fi. lond. fasc. 1. t. 34. The general appearance of the calyx in length. 4? H. Native of the north of Persia.
this plant much 'resembles Stellària némorum. Petals white, Deflexed-peduncled Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July,
equal with the calyx. This plant is said by M. Sering to be the Pl. 1 foot.
Larbrèa aquática of St. Hilaire, but that is a truly distinct plant 40 C. TENUIFÒLIUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 321.) plant
with perigynous stamens belonging to Paronychièæ.
tufted, clothed with very fine pubescence; leaves narrow, linear,
Water Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. July. Britain. Pl. de- longer than the internodes; flowers on long peduncles ; petals
cumbent.
obovate, emarginate, almost three times the length of the acute
32 S. TE'NUE (Viv. app. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. sepals. 2. H. Native of North America on the banks of the
501.) smooth, erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; peduncles elon- Schuylkill and Delaware, Pennsylvania. Very like C. arvénse.
-
gated ; sepals 3-nerved, with membranous margins, nearly twice Fine-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, Ju. Pl. foot.
the length of the corolla ; capsule oblong. 0. H. Native of 41 C. FURCA'TUM (Cham. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 61.) pu-
Corsica.
bescent, glandular above ; stem nearly simple ; leaves broad,
Low Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Pl. Z foot. lanceolate, acute, hairy ; flowers dichotomously-panicled; sepals
33 $. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Viv. app. fl. cors. in Schlecht. Lin- obtuse ; petals twice the length of the sepals; capsule shorter
næa. 1. p. 501.) leaves smoothish, lower ones ovate, upper ones
p
than the calyx. 0. H. Native of Siberia.
linear ; calyx hairy, equalling the corolla in length; capsule
,
Forked-stemmed Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Pl.
round. O. H. Native of Corsica.
to 1 foot.
Variable-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Pl. 1 ft. 42 C. CAMPANULA'TUM (Viv. annal. bot. 1. p. 2. p. 171. t. 1.
plant ascending, diffuse, villous ; radical leaves spatulate ; cauline
§ 2. Petals exceeding the calyx in length.
ones oblong; panicle dichotomous; corollas campanulate ; petals
semibifid, twice as long as the calyx; capsules ovoid, equal in
Capsules equal in length with the calyx, or shorter. length with the calyx. 0. H. Native about Rome. Sebas.
rom. pl. fasc. 2. p. 12. t. 3. f. 1. C. Ligústicum, Viv. cat. hort.
34 C. MA'NTICUM (Lin. spec. 629.) plant very smooth ; leaves Dinegro. C. præ'cox, Ten. fl. neap. 1. p. 27.
lanceolate-linear; stem straight, dichotomous; peduncles very Campanulate-flowered Mouse-ear Chickweed.
Fi. April,
long ; sepals and bracteas lanceolate, acute, with membranaceous May. Clt. 1824.
May. Clt. 1824. Pl. į foot.
margins, shorter than the corolla , capsules ovate, almost equal 45 C. INCA'NUM (Ledeb. mem. acad. scienc. potz. 5. p. 514.)
in length to the calyx. 0. H. Native of Italy and Hungary plant erect, hoary, pubescent; leaves oblong-linear, acute,
,
on the mountains. Walds. and Kit. hung. i. p. 96. t. 96. clothed with very short, appressed hairs; peduncles trichoto-
Stellària Mántica, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 794.
mous; sepals with membranaceous margins; petals spatulate,
Mantic Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. semibifid at the apex, twice the length of the calyx; capsules
Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
globose, inclosed in the calyx. 4. H. Native of the south of
35 C. RUPE'STRE (Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 417.) plant Siberia.
p
rather pilose ; stems prostrate, branched ; leaves ovate-linear ;
.;
Hoary Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Pl. I to
. z ft.
flowers dichotomous, with a solitary flower in each fork on a 44 C. GRANDIFLORUM (Waldst. et Kit. pl. hung. 2. t. 168.)
long peduncle ; sepals ovate, obtuse, with membranaceous mar- stems creeping ; leaves linear, acute, with somewhat revolute
gins ; petals cloven, much longer than the calyx; capsules egg- margins, hoary, tomentose ; flowers dichotomous ; sepals oblong,
shaped, almost equal in length to the calyx. 4. A. Native scarcely hoary, with scarious margins; petals twice the length
of the alps of Siberia in bogs overflowed by the melting of the of calyx; capsules oblong. 4. H. Native of Hungary and
snow above a place called Tschala.
Iberia on dry hills. West. in flora, 1820. p. 357.
357. C. argén-
C.
;
p

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXIV. CERASTIUM.
445
trate.
teum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 361. suppl. 320. C. incànum, Hoffm.
margins; capsules ovate-cylindrical, almost double the length
hort. mosc. ann. 1808. ex Bieb. l. c. Very like C. tomentosum, of the calyx. 4. H. Native of the Alps of Europe. Myosotis
but differs in being less hoary, and the leaves narrower and lanàta, Manch. suppl. p. 308. C. villosum, Baumg.
more acute, hardly revolute at the margins.
Var. B, Thomasiànum (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 418.)
Great-flowered Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. stems, leaves, and calyxes glabrous. 4. H. Native of the
1818. Pl. foot.
1 / 2
Pyrenees, in a valley called Eynes.
Woolly Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
** Capsules exceeding the calyx in length.
Pl. prostrate.
52 C. IMBRICATUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer.
45 C. TOMENTO'SUM (Lin. spec. 629. var. B.) root creeping; 6. p. 28.) plant much branched, creeping ; leaves rather mem-
stem diffuse, hoary-tomentose as well as the leaves, which are branaceous, imbricated in four rows, rather spatulate-oblong,
oblong-spatulate, upper ones lanceolate ; panicle erect, dichoto- obtuse, clothed with soft hairs on both surfaces; capsules oblong-
mous; sepals elliptic, lanceolate, hoary-tomentose, with scarious cylindrical, longer than the hairy calyx ; seeds roundish, brown,
margins ; capsules sub-cylindrical, longer than or equal with emarginate at the base. 2. F. Native of South America on
the calyx. 4. H. Native of the south of Europe on moun- the summits of the mountains of Cotopaxi and Antisana, at the
tains in Provence, Greece, &c. In the gardens of France it is
In the gardens of France it is height of 5700 to 6600 feet. Flowers about the size of those
called Oreille de souris. Smith, fl. græc. 455. Col. phytob.
of C. vulgatum.
ed. 1744. p. 115. t. 31. C. Colúmnæ, Tenor. prod. p. 27. cat. Imbricated-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Pl. į foot.
app. p. 44. C. tomentòsum, Lam. dict. 1. p. 680. Flowers large. 53 C. FischerIA'NUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 419.)
Tomentose Mouse-ear Chickweed. . Fl. June, July . Clt. plant hairy, rather clammy; stems prostrate ; leaves ovate, ses-
1648. Pl. 1 foot.
1
sile, distant; flowers dichotomously umbellate, on short pedun-
46 C. WILLDENO'WII (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. cles, with a solitary flower in each fork on a long peduncle ;
amer. 6. p. 29.) stems erect, forked at the apex, and are woolly sepals lanceolate, bluntish, with scariose margins ; petals twice
)
as well as the leaves, which are ovate-lanceolate and acute; as long as the calyx. 4. H. Native of Kamtschatka, Una-
calyx pubescent ; capsules oblong-cylindrical, many-seeded, laschka, and Behring's Straits.
-
laschka, and Behring's Straits. C. hirsùtum, Fisch. in litt. but
rather arched, hardly exceeding the calyx in length; seeds not of Tenore. C. pilòsum, Ledeb.? Very like C. viscosum,
brown, small. 2. H. Native of Quito in South America.
and alpinum.
Stellària mollis, Willd. herb. ex Schlecht. berl. mag. 1816. p. Fischer's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Pl. pros-
196. Flowers about the size of those of C, arvénse.
Willdenon's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, Jul. Pl. 4 ft. 54 C. ALPINUM (Lin. spec. 628.) root creeping ; stems pros-
47 C. NIPAULE'NSE; hairy; lower leaves spatulate, upper trate; leaves elliptical, subglabrous, or clothed with white hairs
ones lanceolate, acute; flowers terminal, glomerate; sepals panicle dichotomous ; flowers few, on long peduncles; sepals
acute, and are as well as the pistils shorter than the corolla ; oblong, recurved, bluntish, with scarious, membranaceous mar-
,
stem decumbent, branched. 4. H. Native of Nipaul at Na- gins; petals twice as long as the calyx; capsules oblong, re-
rainhetty. C. grandiflorum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 216. Stems curved, almost double the length of the calyx. 4. H. Native of
decumbent, much branched. Flowers large, white.
the Pyrenees. On the mountains of Scotland and Wales by the
Nipaul Mouse-ear Chickweed. Pl. į foot.
sides of alpine rills, plentifully. Smith, engl. bot. t. 472. Fl.
48 C. BIEBERSTEI'NII (D. C. in mem. soc. phys. gen. vol. 1.) dan. t. 6. C. latifolium, Lighf. scot. p. 242. t. 10. C. glabra-
root creeping ; stem diffuse, woolly-tomentose as well as the tum, Hartm. There is a more hoary variety which has been
leaves, which are ovate-lanceolate; peduncles erect, dichotomous ; often taken for C. latifolium of Lin. It is a very polymorphous
sepals oblong, tomentose, with scarious margins ; capsules ovate, plant, sometimes green, sometimes hoary. The three following
subcylindrical, longer than the calyx. 4. X. Native of Tauria
H.
varieties are enumerated by Mr. Brown.
on the higher mountains. Hook, bot. mag. t. 2702. C. tomento- Var.a ; leaves oblong or rarely short-oval ; peduncles dicho-
sum, var. a, Lin. spec. 629.? C. repens, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 360.
.
tomous, rarely 1-flowered ; hairs on the stems tipped with
suppl. 320. but not of Lin.-Moris, oxon. 2. sect. 5. t. 22. glands ; capsule oblong, nearly twice the length of the calyx.
f. 44.? Differing from C. tomentòsum in the leaves being much In Melville Island.
broader and the flowers and fruit larger.
Var. ß; leaves broad, ovate ; peduncles dichotomous ; hairs
Bieberstein's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. for the most part acute; inner leaflets of the calyx smoothish.
1820. Pl. į foot.
In Melville Island.
49 $. BEERINGIA'NUM (Cham. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 62.) Var. y; hairy ; leaves elliptical or lanceolate; peduncles di-
plant hairy and clammy above; stems tufted, leafy at the base, vided and solitary ; hairs for the most part acute; capsule a little
erect, elongated above and few-leaved ; leaves oblong-acutish ; longer than the calyx. In Melville Island.
flowers at length drooping ; sepals elliptical, acute; petals and Alpine Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Britain,
capsules one-half longer than the calyx. 2. G. Native of the Pl. foot, prostrate.
Cape of Good Hope.
55 C. LITHOSPERMIFÒLIUM (Fisch. mem. soc. mosc. 3. p. 81.)
Beering's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Pl. 1 to foot.
stem branched, spreading ; leaves lanceolate, acute, pubescent;
50 C. PUSIÖLLUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 418.) stems
.
flowers solitary; petals emarginate, twice as long as the calyx ;
erect, generally 2-flowered ; leaves ovate, finely tomentose, sepals elliptical ; ovary globose. 4. H.
4. H. Native of Siberia.
sessile; sepals lanceolate, acute, hairy; capsules cylindrical, Lithospermum-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July.
3-times longer than the calyx, with small teeth. O. H. Native Pl. 4 to foot.
of Siberia.
56 C. ova'tum (Hoppe in Willd. enum. p. 493.) root creep-
Small Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1824. Pl. ft. ing; plant rather hairy ; stems prostrate ; leaves ovate, acute,
51 C. LANA'TUM (Lam. dict. 1. p. 680.) stems prostrate, glabrous, a little ciliated; flowers terminal, somewhat corym-
tufted; leaves densely woolly, lower ones roundish, upper ones bose; petals thrice as long as the calyx; capsules roundish.
ovate; flowers dichotomous; sepals lanceolate, with scariose 4. H. Native of the Alps of Carinthia, C. Carinthiacum,
C
)

446
CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXIV. CERASTIUM.
24. H.
West.? C. alpinum, Hoppe, herb. Viv. Common peduncles Var. y, lineāre (D. C. 1. c.) leaves linear-lanceolate, elon-
dichotomous.
gated, acuminated, glabrous. C. lineare, All. ped. 2. p. 365. t.
Var. B, filiforme (Schleich. pl. exsic.) stems 1-flowered ; pe- 88. f. 4.
duncles elongated, deflexed. C. pedunculàtum, Gaud. in litt. Var. O, commüne (D. C. l. c.) leaves linear, bluntish. C.
1814. Perhaps a proper species.
stríctum, Lin. spec. 629 ? Centúnculus angustifolius, Scop. carn.
Ovate-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1. t. 19. C. ambíguum, Fisch. in litt.
1816. Pl. 4 foot.
Straight Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1793.
57 C. LATIFÒLIUM (Lin. spec. 629.) plant hairy, rather viscid ; Pl. I foot.
stems prostrate, 1, rarely 3-flowered; flowers terminal ; pedun- 63 C. DIOI'CUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 120. ed. 2.
cles longer than the flowers ; leaves ovate; sepals ovate, with vol. 3. p. 137.) plant hairy and viscid ; leaves lanceolate
scarious margins ; petals twice the length of the calyx ; capsules flowers dioecious ; petals 3 times longer than the calyx. 2.H.
ovate, turgid, protruding beyond the calyx. 4.6. Native of
Native of Spain.
the Alps of Switzerland, France, and Austria. On the Welsh Dioecious-flowered Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July.
and Scottish mountains. Smith, engl. bot. t. 473. Jacq. coll. 1. Clt. 1766. Pl. to 1 foot.
p. 256. t. 20. C. tomentosum, Huds. ed. 1. p. 176. The whole 64 C. PENNSYLVA'NICUM (Horn. hort. hafn. p. 435.) stems
plant is clothed with tawny rigid hairs.
prostrate, and are as well as linear-lanceolate leaves pubescent ;
Broad-leaved Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Bri- corolla twice the length of the calyx ; panicle dichotomous ;
tain. Pl. procumbent.
flowers on very long peduncles. 4. H. Native of Pennsyl-
58 C. GLACIA’LE (Gaud. in litt. 1814. D. C. prod. 1. p. 419.) vania on dry hills and rocks. Roots creeping. C. arvénse,
plant clothed with very clammy hairs; stems tufted, dense, 1- Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 321 ? Very like C. arvénse, but
flowered ; peduncles length of the flowers ; leaves elliptical or differing in the petals being narrower and the capsules globose.
ovate; sepals ovate, with rather scarious margins ; petals twice Perhaps only a variety of C. stríctum.
as long as the calyx. 4. H. Native of Switzerland on the Pennsylvanian Chickweed. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1810. Pl. 14 ft.
highest Alps near the limits of perpetual snow. C. uniflorum, 65 C. COLSMA'NNI (Lehm. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 418.) stem
.
Thom. dried plants. Perhaps only a variety of C. latif olium. straight; leaves in fascicled whorls, reflexed, oblong-linear,
Icy Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 ft. smoothish; peduncles terminal, subcorymbose; petals entire,
59 C. SYLVATICUM (Walds. et Kit. pl. hung. 1. p. 100. t. 97.) thrice the length of the bluntish sepals. 4. H. Native of
plant diffuse, creeping ; stems dichotomously panicled ; lower the Straits of Magellan. Perhaps a species of Spergulària.
leaves ovate, the rest oblong-lanceolate ; flowers erect on long Colsmann's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1827.
peduncles; petals semibifid, twice the length of the ovate-lan- Pl. Į foot.
ceolate sepals; capsules much longer than the calyx.
66 C. NU'TANS (Rafin. prec. p. 36.) stem erect, clothed with
Native of Hungary and Naples in woody valleys, and probably clammy pubescence ; leaves linear-oblong, acute ; flowers rather
in Siberia. C. Sibíricum, Stev. in litt. The Hungarian plant umbellate, on long peduncles; petals exceeding the calyx in
.
is said to be a perennial while the Neapolitan one is annual. length; capsules nodding, twice the length of the calyx. O. H.
Wood Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. Native of Pennsylvania. C. longipedunculàtum, Muhl. cat.
60 C. LITIGIOSUM (Lois. not. ajout. I vol. 8vo.) hairy, very 1813. C. glutinosum, Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 291. but not of H.
clammy, dark-green; stem ascending, much branched ; leaves B. et Kunth. Radical leaves spatulate, upper ones stem-clasping.
small, ovate, acute; flowers loosely-panicled; peduncles longer Nodding-capsuled Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July.
than the calyx; petals bifid, exceeding the calyx; stamens 10; Pl. 1 foot.
styles 5, long ; capsule exserted; seed hardly tuberculated. 67 C. LEDEBOURIA'NUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 420.)
2 ? H. Native of France in the Bois de Bologne in arid dry stem erect, pilose ; leaves oblong, obtuse, under surface glau-
places. Flowers white.
flowers 2-3, erect, nodding after flowering ; petals 3-
Litigious Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, June. Pl. 1 foot. times longer than the calyx ; sepals obtuse, with membrana-
61 C. ARVE'NSE (Lin. spec. 628.) stem declinate ; leaves ceous margins ; capsules oblong, longer than the calyx. 4. H.
linear-lanceolate, bluntish, rather pilose at the base ; flowers Native of Siberia. C. pilòsum, Ledeb. acad. scienc. petersb. 5.
dichotomously-panicled; peduncles clothed with deflexed pu- p. 514. no. 26. but not of Horn.
bescence ; petals twice the length of the obtuse sepals; capsules Ledebour's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Pl. ; ft.
oblong-cylindrical, shorter than the calyx. 4. H. Native 68 C. FILIFÒRME (Vest. in fi. 1820. p. 353.) stems tufted;
throughout Europe in fields, and on banks and hillocks on a leaves filiform, trigonal, fleshy; sepals lanceolate; petals twice
gravelly or chalky soil, as well as on dry hills and rocks in the length of the calyx ; capsules oblong, exceeding the calyx
Pennsylvania, according to Pursh. Smith, engl. bot. t. 93. in length. 4. H. Native of Upper Styria. Panicle dichoto-
Curt. lond. fasc. 6. t. 29. Fl. dan. t. 629.- Vaill. bot. par. t. 30.
Pedicels about equal in length to the calyx.
f. 4,5. C. rèpens, Lin. spec. 628 ? Roots creeping.
Filiform-leaved Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Pl. foot.
Corn-field Chickweed. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. Pl. 1 to 1 ft. 69 C. RIGIDUM (Ledeb. mem. acad. petersb. 5. p. 514. no,
62 C. STRI'CTUM (Lin. spec. 629? Ď. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 610.) 25.) plant hairy; stem erect, very simple at the base, but
stems declinate; leaves almost linear, acuminated, glabrous or forked at the apex ; leaves oblong, acute; peduncles elongated;
rather hairy ; peduncles clothed with glandular hairs; petals sepals lanceolate, acute; petals bifid, longer than the calyx ; ;
twice the length of the calyx ; capsules oblong. 4. H. Native capsules oblong, shining, twice as long as the calyx. 4. H,
of Europe on the Alps. Perhaps only a variety of C. arvénse. Native of Siberia. The whole plant is clothed with stiff spread-
Root creeping
ing hairs. Stems straight, stiff, tall.
Var. a, suffruticosum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 419.) leaves very Var.B, Chamissoni (See Cham. in Schlecht. Linnæa 1. p. 61.)
narrow, smoothish. C. suffruticosum, Lin. spec. 629. C. lari- leaves narrower and acute. All parts of the plant smaller.
cifòlium, Vill. delph. 4. p. 644.
.
4. H. Native of the island of Unalaschka.
Var. B, mólle D. C. 1. c.) leaves very narrow, hairy. C. Stiff-stemmed Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Pl.
mólle, Vill. delph. 3. p. 644.
2 feet.
cous ;
mous.

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXIV. CERASTIUM. XXXV. BRACHYSTEMMA. XXXVI. CHERLERIA.
447
4. H.
a
70 C. GLUTINÒSUM (H. B. et Kunth, gen. et spec. amer. 6. 80 C. SCARA'NI (Tenore, prod. p. 27. cat. 1819. p. 44.)
p. 29.) plant villous, clammy, tawny ; stems ascending, dicho- plant diffuse ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, clothed with green
, ,
tomously branched at the apex; leaves lanceolate, narrow, acute; tomentum on both surfaces ; petals twice as long as the calyx ;
capsules cylindrical, rather arched, twice the length of the capsules ovate ; fruiting peduncles horizontal. 2. H. Native
calyx; seeds rough, brown. 2. H. Native of New Granada. of Naples on the mountains.
Petals 2-lobed.
Scarani's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. Pl. Z ft.
Clammy Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Pl. I foot. 81 C. SAMNIA'NUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 421.) plant
71 C. RIVULA'RE (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 166.) puberulous; diffuse ; branches divaricating; leaves lanceolate, linear, tomen-
stem trailing ; leaves obovate-oblong, tapering at the base, mu- tose, green, woolly ; panicle dichotomous ; petals twice the length
cronulate; flowers loosely cymose, on long pedicels; petals 3- of the calyx; capsules oblong. 4. H. Native of Italy on
times longer than the calyx. O. H. Native of Brazil in the the mountains of Samnium. C. longifolium, Tenore, prod. p. 27.
province of Cis-platine in rivulets. Plant 1 foot long. Capsule Cat. 1819. p. 451. but not of Willd. Juss. not Poir.
.
sub-cylindrical, twice the length of the calyx.
Samnium Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to
Rivulet Mouse-ear Chickweed. Pl. trailing.
I foot.
72 C. HUMIFU'SUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 166.) smoothish ; 82 C. HIRSUTUM (Tenore, prod. p. 27. cat. 1819. p. 45.)
stem trailing, creeping ; leaves oblong, narrowed at both ends; plant diffuse, hairy, viscid ; stems creeping ; leaves oblong, ob-
flowers solitary, on long peduncles; petals twice the length of tuse, tapering to the base, hairy, canescent ; flowers panicled ;
the sepals. O. H. Native of Brazil in the northern part of petals twice the length of the calyx; capsules oblong, rather
the province of Rio Grande, in humid places.
incurved.
Native of Italy on the mountains of
Trailing Mouse-ear Chickweed. Pl. trailing.
Samnium.
Hairy Mouse-ear Chickweed. F1. June, July. Clt. 1822. Pl.
† Species not enough known.
1 foot.
Cult. C. tomentòsum, grandiflòrum, and Dahúricum, are the
73 C. BRACTEA'TUM (Rafin. prec. p. 36.) plant pubescent; stem only species of this genus worth cultivating as border flowers.
weak; leaves oblong, almost mucronate ; flowers erect, dicho- C. latifolium, C. alpinum, and C. glaciàle, are well adapted for
tomous, bracteate; bracteas ovate, acute ; petals length of calyx; rock-work, or to be grown in small pots, in a mixture of loam,
capsules nerveless, erect. 2 ? H. Native of Pennsylvania. sand, and peat; the rest are only worth preserving in general
Bracteate Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Pl. į ft. collections. They only require the treatment of other hardy
74 C. PUBE'scens (Gold. pl. canad. in edinb. phil. journ. april, plants. The perennial species are increased by dividing the
1822.) plant pubescent, hairy ; stem deflexed, pilose ; leaves plants at the roots. The annual and biennial species by seeds,
linear- lanceolate, longer than the internodes ; panicle terminal, which should be sown in the open ground in the spring.
generally 4-flowered. 21 ? H. Native of Canada.
Pubescent Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821.
Pl. 1 foot.
XXXV. BRACHYSTE'MMA (from Boaxus, brachys, short,
and
75 C. PILÒSUM (Horn. hort. hafn. p. 965.) leaves linear-lan- Oteppa, stemma, a crown; in allusion to short minute
ceolate, obtuse, woolly, with reflexed margins ; petals larger petals.) D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 216.
than the calyx. 2. H. Native of? Sent by Schrader under
Pentándria, Digýnia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
the name of C. lanàtum of Pers. Link. enum. 1. p. 434.
5, minute, elliptical, acute. Stamens 5, much shorter than
Like C. viscosum.
the petals. Styles 2, distinct. Capsules spherical, 1-celled,
,
, 1
Pilose Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
with 4 valves opening even to the base, 1-seeded. A diffuse
Pl. 1 foot.
branched, smoothish herb. Stems pentagonal, rather pilose at
76 C. PALLA'ssII (Vest. in flora, 1820. p. 356.) leaves lan-
the top. Leaves opposite, elliptical, oblong, mucronate, stalked,
ceolate, pubescent, stiff, acute, lower ones equal in length to the
with cartilaginous rather serrulated margins. Flowers panicu-
internodes, upper ones longer ; stem generally 1-flowered; lately corymbose, terminal or axillary. Peduncles many-flower-
petals semibifid. 2 ? H. Native of ? Flower large.
ed, and are as well as pedicels glandular, furnished with linear
Pallas's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
bracteas at the base, which are ciliated on the margins with
77 C. SPRENGE'LII (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 421.) leaves
glandular hairs. Calyx large, coloured, shining. Corolla white.
linear, very long, and are as well as stems pubescent; peduncles
1 B. CALYCI' NUM (Ď. Don, 1. c.) 4. H. Native of Nipaul.
terminal, umbellate. 6. H. Native of ? C. tenuifolium,
Arenària Nepaulensis, Spreng. syst. append. p. 181.
Spreng. in Horn. hafn. suppl. p. 138. but not of Pursh.
Large-calyxed Brachystemma. Pl. diffuse, 1 foot.
Sprengel's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1819. Cult. Not worth cultivating except in a botanic garden,
Pl. foot.
Only requiring to be planted in the open border. It may be
78 C. FIMBRIA'TUM (Ledeb. mem. acad. scienc. petersb. 5. p.
either increased by dividing the plant at the root or by seed.
516. no. 27.) plant diffuse ; stems angular, pilose ; leaves lan-
ceolate, acuminate, glabrous, ciliated ; sepals oblong; petals XXXVI. CHERLE'RIA (in honour of John Henry Cherler,
multifid; capsules globose. 2. H. Native of Siberiai who assisted John Bauhin in his general history of plants.) Hall.
Fringed-petalled Chickweed. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot.
1 / 2
itin. helv. 1. Lin. gen. no. 775. Lam. ill. t. 379. D. C. prod. 1.
79 Č. TENOREA'NUM (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 421.)
plant diffuse, hairy ; leaves elliptical, obtuse ; hairy-ciliated, as Lin. syst. Decándria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-sepalled (f. 81. b.)
well as the calyx, which is longer than the corolla ; flowers Petals 5, small, emarginate. Stamens 10 (f. 81. b.). Styles 3
panicled; capsules oblong. 0. #1. Native of Naples on the
(f. 81. g.). Capsules 3-celled, 3-valved. Cells 2-seeded.--
mountains. C. pilòsum, Tenore, cat. 1819. p. 44. but not of Smooth, tufted, small, moss-like herbs, with small awl-shaped
Horn.
densely-crowded leaves, and small solitary white or rose-coloured
Tenore's Mouse-ear Chickweed. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. flowers. Nos. 5 and 6 differ from the rest in the petals being
Pl. 1 foot.
much longer than the sepals. Perhaps they belong to Arenària.
LIN. SYST.
p. 421.

448 CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XXXVI. CHERLERIA. XXXVII. SPERGULASTRUM. XXXVIII. HYDROPITYON. XXXIX. ACOSMIA.
6
f
1 C. SEDOI'DES (Lin. spec. 608.)
FIG. 81.
nous. Stigmas 4, sessile, ligulately-setaceous. Capsules ovate,
plant small, tufted ; leaves trique-
longer than the calyx of 4-valves.—North American herbs, with
trous, bluntish, slightly toothed
the habit of Stellària or Spergula. This genus ought more
on the margin, spreading; valves
properly to have been placed in Paronychieæ, from the perigy-
of capsule bluntish, callose at
nous insertion of the stamens.
the apex, longer than the calyx.
1 S. LANUGINÒSUM (Michx. A. bor. amer. 1. p. 275.) plant
4. H. Native of the Alps of
densely pubescent; leaves lanceolate, tapering into the foot-
Europe in moist spots near the
stalk ; peduncles almost solitary, long, at length reflexed ; flowers
limits of perpetual snow. On the
apetalous. 4. H. Native of North America on the mountains
loftiest mountains of Scotland in
of Virginia and Carolina. Micropétalum lanuginosum, Pers.
moist spots near their summits,
ench. 1. p. 509. Stems densely clothed with very fine wool.
not unfrequent. Smith, engl. bot.
Woolly Spergulastrum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 ft.
t. 1212. Jacq. austr. t. 284. Ch.
2 S. LANCEOLATUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 275.) plant
cæspitosa, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 46.
glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, tapering at both ends ; flowers
9
Flowers yellowish-green.
panicled; petals ovate, very short. 4. H. Native of North
Stone-crop-like Mossy-Cyphel
America on moist rocks from Canada to Carolina. Micro-
or Dwarf Cherleria. Fl. July,
pétalum lanceolatum, Pers, ench. 1. p. 509. Spergula borealis,
Scotland. Pl. ſ foot.
Bigel. fl. bost. 2. p. 433. Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 86. Some-
2 C. STELLATA (Clark. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 416.) leaves times there are only 3 stigmas. Petals
white.
trigonal, obtuse, stellately spreading at the top ; flowers ter- Lanceolate-leaved Spergulastrum. Fl. July. Pl. į foot.
minal, stalked ; peduncles hispid. 4. F. Native of Mount 3 S. GRAMI'NEUM (Michx, Al. bor. amer. 1. p. 276.) plant
Parnassus.
very smooth; leaves linear, erect; panicle loose ; petals lanceo-
Starry-leaved Cherleria. Pl. 2 inches,
late, length of sepals. 4. H. Native of North America near
3 C.? IMBRICA'TA (Ser. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 421.) springs and on shady rocks, from New York to Virginia, Canada,
plant tufted, small; leaves flattish, concave, and 3-nerved be-
&c. Spergula longifòlia, Hook. fl. bor. amer. p. 86. Spergula
neath, blunt, imbricated ; flowers sessile, octandrous? 4? H. gramínea, Bigel. 1. c. Like Stellària gramínea.
Native of the Alps of Carinthia and of upper Austria, as well Grassy Spergulastruñ. Fl. June, July. Pl. į foot.
as of Siberia. Cherlerioides, Hoppe.? pl. sel. 2. C. octándra, Cult. A genus of weed-looking plants, not worth culti-
Sieb. Flowers greenish-yellow.
vating except in general collections. They should be grown in
Imbricated-leaved Cherleria. Fl. July. Pl. į foot.
pots in a mixture of peat and sand. They may be either in-
4 C. DICRANOIDES (Cham. in Schlecht. Linnæa 1. p. 63.) creased by dividing the plants at the roots or by seed.
densely tufted, small; leaves spatulately-oblong, keeled, rather
imbricated, nerveless. 4. H. Native of St. Laurence Bay, in XXXVIII.? HYDROPI'TYON (from vowp, hydor, water,
North-west America. Plant like Dicranum glaúcum.
and Altus, pitys, a pine-tree or fir; water plants resembling the
Dicranum-like Cherleria. Pl. 1 foot.
pine tree in the fine whorled leaves.) Gært. fruct. 3. p. 19. t.
5 C. GRANDIFLORA (D.Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 214.) leaves lan- 183. f. 2. D. C. prod. 1. p.
422.
ceolate, stiff, mucronate, pungent, keeled underneath, with LIN. syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Pe-
scarious margins, which are dilated and ciliated, concave above; tals 5, ovate-roundish. Stamens 10 ; filaments thick and pilose;
segments of calyx cuneated, rounded, very broad; petals ob- anthers cordate. Ovary oblong. Style 1. Stigma orbicular.
ovate, retuse, exceeding the calyx in length. 2. H. Native Capsule 1-seeded.
. 4. H. Native Capsule 1-seeded. Seed naked.--East Indian water herbs,
of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan. Flowers about the size of those of with whorled pinnate leaves, and small axillary flowers. This
Arenària grandiflòra, rose-coloured, with purple filaments and genus most probably ought to be removed from this order.
yellow anthers. Arenària globiflòra, Wall. mss.
1 H. ZEYLA'NICUM (Gært. 1. c.) leaves pinnate, in whorls;
Great-flowered Cherleria. Pl. 1 to 2 inches.
stems arched ; flowers axillary, sessile. 4 ? S. W. Native of
6 C. JUNIPE'RINA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 214.) leaves the East Indies. Flowers red.
crowded in 6 rows, lanceolate, mucronate, stiff, deflexed, with Ceylon Water-fir. Pl. floating.
smooth margins; flowers axillary, solitary, shorter than the 2 H. PEDUNCULA'TUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 422.) leaves in
leaves; segments of calyx obtuse; petals oval, oblong, twice the whorls, pinnate; stems straight; flowers axillary on long pe-
length of the calyx. 4. H. Native of Nipaul at Gosaings- duncles. 2? S. W. Native of the East Indies and Malabar.
than. Arenària densíssima, Wall. in litt. Plant forming a large H. calycinum, Gært. Hottònia I’ndica, Lin. spec, 208.-Burm.
compact tuft. Flowers white.
zeyl. p. 121. t. 55.--Rheed. hort. mal. 12. p. 71. t. 36. Petals 4,
Juniper-like Cherleria. Pl. 1 to 2 inches.
greenish-red. The whole plant has a somewhat grateful odour.
Cult. Cherlèria is a genus
of very pretty alpine plants, The flowers mixed with ginger and cardamon in milk-whey are
having the appearance of some species of Arenària. They used in Malabar as an anti-dysenterical medicine.
should be grown in small pots, well drained with potsherds, in Stalked-flowered Water-fir. Pl.
Pl. } foot.
a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and placed among other Cult. As neither of the species of Hydropityon has ever
alpine plants. They are increased by dividing the plants at the been introduced into Europe in a living state, it is difficult to
root, or sometimes by seed.
say what mode of cultivation they require. We think from the
nature of the plant that it will be impossible ever to cultivate it
XXXVII. SPERGULAʼSTRUM (from spergula, spurry, and
in this country.
astrum, an affixed signification, like.) Michx. fl. bor. amer. 1. p.
275. D. C. prod. 1. p. 421. Micropétalum, Pers, ench, 1. XXXIX. ACO'SMIA (a, priv. koouos, kosmos, beauty; a
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Dygynia. This is the Gypsophila
Petals 5, very minute, entire or wanting. Stamens 10, perigy- cerastoìdes, p. 383. no. 36. of this work, but what the character
plant without beauty). Benth. mss. in Lin. soc. herb.
Lin. syst. Decándria, Tri-Tetragynia. Calyx 5-sepalled.
p. 509.

CARYOPHYLLEÆ. XL. ODONTOSTEMMA. XLI. LeucosteMMA. ELATINEÆ. I. MERIMEA, &c. LINEÆ.
449
soc. herb.
is which separates it from Gypsophila, we are not at present contains only three genera, the Merímea, Camb., Elátine, Lin.
acquainted with, unless that the capsule may be 4-valved.
and Bérgia, Lin. The two last genera with their species will
XL. ODONTOSTE'MMA (from odovç odovtos, odous odon-
be found in Caryophylleæ, therefore we shall only give amended
tos, a tooth, otepua, stemma, a crown; in allusion to the toothed characters of the genera here, and refer to the preceding Order
petals). Benth. mss. in Lin. soc. herb.
for the species.
LIN, syst. Decándria, Digýnia. Calyx 5-leaved. Petals
Synopsis of the genera.
5, cuneiform, toothed at the apex. Stamens 10. Styles 2, re-
curved. Capsule 1-celled, 4-valved, many-seeded. Herb with
1 MERIMEA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5.
-
Stamens 10.
the habit of Cerastium. Leaves elliptic, oblong, sessile, obtuse, Styles 5. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled, many-seeded; valves
sepa-
hairy on both sides ; in fact the whole plant is clothed with
rating, bent in at the margins so as to constitute dissepiments.
glandular hairs. Panicle trichotomous. Flowers white.
- 2 ELA'TINE. Calyx 3-4-parted. Petals 3-4. Stamens 3-8. .
1 O. GLANDULÒSA (Benth. 1. c.). 2. F. Native of Ka-
Styles 3-4, crowned by capitate stigmas. Capsule 3-4-valved, 3-4-
moon.
Glandular Odontostemma. Pl. 1 foot.
celled, many-seeded; valves separating, bent in at the margins,
Cult. This plant will grow in any common garden-soil. It constituting dissepiments.
requires to be protected during winter. Not worth cultivating,
3 Be'rgia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Styles 5, approxi-
unless in general collections.
mate. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled, from the edges of the valves
XLI. LEUCOSTE'MMA (from levkoc, leucos, white, and being bent inwards.
oteppa, stemma, a crown ; flowers white). Benth. mss. in Lin.
I. MERI’MEA (in memory of Prospero Merimee, an ancient
Lin. syst. Decándria, Digýnia. Calyx 5-leaved. Petals
botanist, whose name is now almost forgot.) Cambess. in St.
5, bipartite or emarginate, with long claws. Stamens 10. Styles Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 160.
2. Capsule 1-celled, 4-valved, many-seeded. Plants resembling Lin. syst. Decándria, Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted. Pe-
Stellària in habit, with white flowers.
tals 5. Stamens 10. Styles 5, connate at the base. Capsule
1 L. WEBBIA'NA (Benth. 1. c.) plant spreading, smooth ; leaves 5-valved, 5-celled, separating at the valves ; valves bent inwards
linear-lanceolate, acuminated ; peduncles 1-flowered, axillary; at the margins, so much as to constitute dissepiments. Seeds
sepals acuminated ; petals deeply bipartite. 2. F. Native of fixed to a 5-lobed central placenta, they are elliptical-oblong.
Kamoon.
Embryo straight. A small plant with oblong-lanceolate, sessile,
Webb's Leucostemma. Pl. to foot.
serrated, pilose leaves, and axillary, solitary, stalked small white
2 L. LATIFÒLIA (Benth. 1. c.) diffuse, smooth ; leaves ovate, flowers.
mucronate, upper ones nearly lanceolate; sepals acuminated ; 1 M. ARENARIOI'Des (Camb. 1. c.) 4. G. Native of Brazil
peduncles terminal, solitary, 1-flowered; petals emarginate. in the province of Minas Geraes.
2. F. Native of Kamoon.
Sand-wort-like Merimea. Pl. creeping.
Broad-leaved Leucostemma. Pl. creeping.
Cult. An insignificant plant, only worth cultivating in bota-
Cult. The species of Leucostémma will thrive in any com- nical gardens or those of the curious. An equal mixture of
mon soil, and are easily increased by dividing the plants or by sand and loam will suit it well, and it may be propagated by
seed.
seed or dividing the plant.
Post no. 53. p. 492 SILE'NE CISPLATE'NSIS (St. Hil. fl
. bras. 2. II. ELA'TINE (elatn, elate, a fir; resemblance in leaves).
p.163. t. 108.) hairy stem, branched ; leaves lanceolate, lower ones
Lin. gen. no. 685.
no. 685. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 142. t. 102. f. 1.
obtuse, upper ones smaller, acutish; flowers laxly racemose, erect; For the generic character of this genus as well as the specific
calyx silky-hairy, cylindrical when in flower, but at length be-
character of the species, see p. 420. genus 21. of this work,
coming clavate; teeth short, acute; petals obcordate, crowned
under Order Caryophylleæ, from which it has been removed to
in the throat. O. H. Native about Monte Video in sandy the present order by M. Cambessedes.
places, and to the south of the river Plate. Flowers bluish-violet.
Cisplatine Catchfly. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
III. BE’RGIA (in honour of Peter Jonas Bergius, a profes-
sor of natural history at Stockholm, who wrote several botanical
Order XXVIII. ELATI'NEÆ (plants agreeing with Elá-
works between 1757 and 1780, particularly on mosses, and
plants of the Cape of Good Hope). Lin. gen. 791. D. C.
tine in important characters.) Cambess. in St. Hil. fl. bras. 2.
prod. 1. p. 390.
For the generic and specific characters of this genus see
A small family of plants, nearly allied to the Caryophylleæ, p. 420. genus no. 22. under Caryophylleæ, from which it has
from which they differ essentially in the organization of their
been removed to the present order by M. Cambessedes.
stigmas, of their capsules, and of their seeds. The stigmas are
capitate. The valves of the capsules are bent inwards at the ORDER XXIX. LI'NEÆ (plant agreeing with Lànum in im-
margins, so much as to form dissepiments. The seeds are with- portant characters). D. C. theor. ed. 1. p. 217. prod. 1. p. 423.
p.
.
out albumen. They differ from Hypericínea, with which they Calyx of 3-4, but usually of 5 sepals (f. 82. a.) hardly con-
agree in certain analogies, by the existence of a true central nected at the base, continuous with the peduncle, permanent,
placenta, and by their stamens being definite in number, &c. imbricate in æstivation. Petals equal in number to the sepals,
M. Cambessedes agrees with M. Bartling, who has united the and alternating with them (f. 82. b.), hypogynous, unguiculate
Chenopodeæ, Amaranthàceæ, Paronychièæ, and the Caryophylleæ at the base, connected with the ring of the stamens, as well
in one natural class, in spite of the difference of the insertion of as sometimes being connected together at the base, twisted
their stamina, as they agree in most other respects. This order in æstivation. Stamens equal in number with the petals,
VOL. I.-PART. V.
3 M
p. 159.

450
LINEÆ. I. LINUM.
slightly monadelphous at the base, alternating with the petals, serrately scabrous; flowers in panicled corymbs ; pedicels length
with a tooth or abortive filament between each (f. 82. e.);
of the calyx; sepals awl-shaped, ciliated at the base ; petals
anthers ovate, inserted by the base, 2-celled, birimose.
twice as long as sepals; styles distinct. 0. H. Native of
Portugal on calcareous hills near Coimbra, also of Mauritania.
Ovary sub-globose (f. 82. c.) with as many cells as there are
L. Brotèri, Willd. mss. in Schult. syst. 6. p. 758. L. tenui-
sepals, rarely fewer. Styles equal in number to the cells of folium, Schousb.
the ovary (f. 82. d.), capitate, or simple at the apex. Capsule Var.B, bícolor ; flowers yellow, with a blue base and striped
globose, usually acuminate (f. 82.c.), crowned by the permanent with purple. Native of the north of Africa near Tangiers. L.
bícolor, Schousb. maroc. 135. L. tenuifolium d, Willd.
bases of the styles (f. 82. d.), constantly composed of carpels hav-
1.
spec.
p. 1536. L. tenuifolium ß, bícolor, Pers. ench. 1. p. 335.
ing induplicate margins, each opening by 2 valves at the apex, with
,
Awl-shaped-leaved Flax. Fl. June, July. Pl. I to 1 foot.
an incomplete dissepiment rising from the centre of each, there- 4 L. ERIGEROI'DES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 132.) smooth, simple,
p
fore each carpel is divided into two incomplete cells, containing erect; leaves alternate, crowded, linear, very acute, with 2
two seeds, one in each cell. Seeds ovate, compressed, shining, glands at the base; panicle somewhat corymbose; sepals hardly
crenulated; petals twice the length of the calyx ; style free;
inverted. Albumen sparing, but usually wanting, but instead there
stigmas small. Þ.G. Native of Brazil in the province of Cis-
is always a fleshy tumid endopleura. Embryo straight, flat, with
platine.
the radical turned towards the hilum, and with elliptical coty- Erigeron-like Flax. Shrub 1 foot.
ledons. This order differs from Caryophylleæ by the capsule
5 L. LITTORA'LE (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 133.) smooth; stems
being formed by the cohesion of several, half 2-celled, 2-seeded
numerous, erect; leaves linear, erect, smooth, upper ones alter-
nate; flowers panicled; sepals acute, hardly crenate, much
carpels. It is composed of herbs or subshrubs bearing yellow,
shorter than the sepals. 4.8. Native of Brazil. Styles free;
blue, or white fugacious petals, and with entire exstipulate stigmas small. Petals 3 times longer than the sepals.
leaves. Flowers always disposed in racemose corymbs or panicles. Shore Flax. Shrub 1 foot.
The plants are of immense importance to the world, on account
6 L. JU'NCEUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 134. t. 24.) smooth;
of the tenacity of their fibres, when made into flax. The seeds
stems erect, twiggy; leaves remote, short, appressed, linear,
are oily. The leaves of Linum catharticum and L. selaginoàdes Flowers subglomerate ; petals twice the length of the calyx.
acute ; flowers panicled ; sepals acute. h.s. Native of Brazil.
are purgative.
Rushy Flax. Shrub 2 inches.
7 L. TE'NUE (Desf. atl. 1. p. 280. t. 81.) plant glabrous,
Synopsis of the
genera.
erectish; leaves alternate, linear, acute; flowers in lax, panicled
1 LI'NUM. Sepals 5, entire (f. 82. a.). Petals 5 (f. 82. b.)
racemes ; pedicels hardly the length of the calyx ; sepals mu-
Stamens 5 (f. 82. e.). Styles 5 (f. 82. d.), rarely 1 or 3.
cronate ; petals rather retuse, 4-times longer than the calyx.
O. H. Native of Algiers on uncultivated hills. L. virgà-
2 RADIOLA. Sepals 4, joined almost to the middle, trifid at tum, Schousb. mar. 1. p. 136. L. melianthum, Brot. fl. lus. 1.
the apex. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Styles 4.
p. 484. ex Link. Flowers about the size of those of common
fax. Branches of panicle dichotomous.
I. LI'NUM (from Llin, a thread, in Celtic, whence Livov in Slender Flax. Fl. June, July. Pl. to foot.
Greek, and linum in Latin). Bauh. Vaill. Lin. Rom. et Schult. 8 L. LUTE'OLUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 256.) plant glabrous,
syst. 6. p. 736. D. C. prod. 1. p. 423.
erect; stem angular; leaves alternate and opposite the flowers,
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Pentagynia. Flowers with a quinary linear, acute, and are as well as the sepals serrulated; branches
proportion of parts. Sepals entire. Styles very rarely 3, but of panicle dichotomous; pedicels very short ; petals twice as
generally 5 (f. 82. d.) as well as sepals (f. 82. a.), petals (f. long as the calyx ; styles distinct; stigmas not capitate. O. H.
82. b.), and stamens (f. 82. e.).
Native of Tauria and Iberia in sunny fields.—Buxb. cent. 5.
$ 1. Flowers yellow.
t. 59. Leaves with 2-glands at the base.
Yellowish-flowered Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft.
1 L. GAʼLLICUM (Lin. spec. 401.) plant glabrous, usually of
9 L. NODIFLORUM (Lin. spec.
FIG. 82.
many stems ; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate; flowers in loose
;
401.) plant glabrous; leaves lan-
d.
forked panicles; pedicels length of calyx ; sepals ciliated at ceolate, smooth, furnished with 2
the base, awl-shaped at the top; petals blunt, twice as long as glands at the base of each, lower
the calyx. 0. H. Native on hills from France to Iberia. ones alternate, floral ones opposite; za
Smith, f. græc. t. 303.-Ger. gallo-prov. t. 16. f. 1.
branches of panicle dichotomous ;
Var. B, mèdium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 423.) branches rather an- pedicels very short ; calyx length
gular ; leaves serrulately-scabrous on the margins. O. H. of leaves ; styles distinct ; stigmas
Native of Portugal on calcareous hills and heathy mountains not capitate. h. H. Native of
about Coimbra and elsewhere.
Italy and the islands of the Archi-
French Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1777. Pl. į to 1 foot. pelago.—Moris, oxon. sect. 5. t.
2 L. AU'REUM (Walds. et Kit. pl. hung. 2. t. 177.) plant 26. f. 11. Sibth. and Smith, A.
glabrous, erect; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate; flowers in
græc. t. 307. (f. 82.).
lax, panicled corymbs; pedicels 2 or 3-times longer than the Knotted-flowered Flax. Fl. July,
calyx; sepals rather ciliated at the base, awl-shaped at the Aug. Clt. 1759.
Aug. Clt. 1759. Pl. I to ft.
i
apex; petals emarginate, twice as long as the calyx ; styles 10 L. STRICTUM(Lin. spec. 400.)
I
)
distinct. O. H. Native of Hungary and Croatia in grassy plant glabrous, erect; leaves linear-
places. L. Libúrnicum, Scop. carn. ed. 2. no. 385. Styles 3. lanceolate, straight, and are as well as the much-pointed sepals
Golden Flax. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Pl. foot.
roughly ciliated; panicle corymbose, crowded ; pedicels very
3 L. SETA CEUM (Brot. phyt. no. 22. t. 6.) plant puberulous, short ; petals length of calyx ; styles distinct. 0. H. Native
erect; leaves alternate, crowded, linear-awl-shaped, somewhat of the south of Europe and the north of Africa in sandy fields.
-

LINEÆ. I. LINUM.
451
.
-Lob. icon. t. 411. f. 2. L. sessiliflòrum, Lam. dict. 3. p. 523.
.
Eagle Flax. Pl. 1 foot.
L. alterniflòrum, Delile.
19 L. TENE'LLUM (Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa. 5. p. 235.)
.
Var. f, altérnum (Pers. ench. 1. p. 336.) stems evidently co- villous ; root woody, descending, branched, white; stem densely
rymbose at the apex. O. H. Native of Corsica.
leafy; peduncles twice or thrice dichotomous; flowers pedicellate,
Var. y, spicatum (Lam. dict. 3. p. 523.) stem rather spiked solitary, alternate ; floral leaves minute, almost opposite ; leaves
at the apex. Smith, fl. græc. 304.
.
.
304. Leaves not ciliated.
on the lower part of the stem almost in whorls, 4 or nearly oppo-
Straight Flax. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. Pl. { foot. site, elliptic, and lanceolate, acute at the base, and acutish at the
11 L. RIGIDUM (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 210.) leaves stiffly top, rarely roundish and obtuse, villous or villously-ciliated,
erect, linear, short; stem angular, furrowed ; sepals ovate, , with rough margins, with a few stipitate glands in front;
acuminate, 3-nerved, glandularly-ciliated; petals oblong, very sepals ovate, lanceolate, keeled, acute, mucronate, with glandular
narrow; styles connate to the middle. 0. H. Native of fringed margins.
O. H. Native of fringed margins. 2. F. Native of Mexico near Jalapa. Flowers
North America on the banks of the river Missouri. Flowers yellow, larger than those of L. catharticum.
sulphur-coloured.
Tender Flax. Pl. foot.
Stiff-leaved Flax. Fl. July. Clt. 1807. Pl. 1 foot.
20 L. CORYMBIFERUM (Desf. atl. 1. p. 279. t. 80.) plant
12 L. SELAGINOIDES (Lam. dict. 3. p. 525.) leaves filiform, glabrous, erect ; leaves lanceolate, erect, alternate, 3-nerved,
mucronate, alternate, crowded; stems suffruticose, branched at rough ; panicle loose, somewhat corymbose ; sepals awl-shaped,
the apex; flowers terminal, almost sessile ; ovary 10-celled. mucronate at the apex ; petals four times longer than the calyx ;
h. G. Native of Monte Video on rocks, also of Chili. Flowers styles distinct; stigmas not capitate. O. H. Native on Mount
white or brownish. Petals shorter than the calyx.
Atlas near Mayane. Flowers the size of those of L. usitatissimum.
Selago-like Flax. Shrub procumbent or foot erect.
Corymb-bearing Flax. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 1} foot.
13 L. PROSTRA'TUM (Lam. dict. 3. p. 525.) plant glabrous ; 21 L. DAHU'RICUM (Schult. syst. 6. p. 752.) plant glabrous,
leaves alternate, oval-oblong ; stems prostrate, very much erect; lower leaves lanceolate-spatulate, crowded; cauline ones
branched; flowers lateral, solitary, on very short peduncles ;
;
linear-lanceolate, remote, with rather roughish revolute margins;
sepals bluntish. 4? ħ. G. Native of Peru on dry hills near
?
panicle lax, corymbose ; pedicels very short ; sepals ovate, lan-
Lima. Leaves like those of Polygala vulgàris. Flowers like ceolate; petals thrice as long as the calyx. 2. H. Native of
those of L. Gallicum.
Dahuria.
Prostrate Flax. Pl. prostrate.
Dahurian Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 foot.
14 L. VIRGINIA'NUM (Lin. spec. 398.) plant glabrous, erect; 22 L. MARITIMUM (Lin. spec. 400.) plant glabrous, erect;
leaves linear-lanceolate, alternate, radical ones ovate ; panicle leaves lanceolate, 3-nerved, alternate, lower ones opposite, ob-
loose, corymbose ; sepals acute; styles connate at the base; tuse ; panicle lax, rather corymbose ; sepals ovate, with short
capsules awnless. O. H. Native of North America on dry points ; petals 3-times longer than the calyx ; styles distinct.
sunny hills and in fields, from New York to Virginia. L. Virgi- 4. H, Native of the south of Europe in grassy boggy places
nicum, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 210. Flowers small, remote. by the sea-side. Jacq. hort. t. 154. L. heterophyllum, Moench.
Virginian Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1807. Pl. 1 foot. suppl. 99.-Lob. icon. t. 412. f. 2.-Tratt. tab. t. 579.
15 L. MEXICA'NUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 6. Sea-side Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596.
Clt. 1596. Pl. 2 feet.
p. 39.) plant glabrous, erect; leaves alternate, lower ones 23 L. MULLE'RI (Mor. elench. ex bull. phil. March, 1829. p.
somewhat opposite, oblong, or ovate-oblong, acute, rounded at 428.) This species comes very near to L. marítimum, and
the base; branches panicled ; sepals ovate ; stigmas globose, L. setàceum, Brot. but differs from both in the leaves being alter-
acute, ciliated; styles connate to the middle; capsules acutely nate, elliptical, and ciliated. h.H. Native of Sardinia on the
mucronate. 4. F. Native of Mexico in woods near Santa mountains.
Rosa. Benth. bot. reg. 1326.
Muller's Flax. Pl. 1 foot.
Mexican Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1828. Pl. 1 foot. 24 L. ARBOREUM (Lin. spec. 400.) shrubby, glabrous, glau-
16 L. MYSORE'NSE (Heyne, mss. ex Wall. cat. herb. ind. no. cous; leaves cuneiform, obtuse, alternate, recurved ; flowers
1507. Benth. bot. reg. no. 1326.) glabrous, erect; leaves few, somewhat capitate; sepals oval-lanceolate, acuminated ;
alternate, oblong, obtuse, tapering to the base ; flowers pa- petals thrice as long as the calyx ; style free; stigmas ob-
,
;
niculately-corymbose ; sepals ovate, acutish, with rather ciliated long. h. H. Native of Candia and Italy on the mountains.
margins ; petals hardly exceeding the sepals; styles connate at Sibth. et Smith, fl. græc. t. 305. Curt. bot. mag, t. 234. L.
the base ; stigmas globose; capsule acutely-mucronate. O.S. campanulátum, D. C. f. fr. ed. 3. vol. 4. p. 797.-Alp. exot.
Native of Mysore. Flowers about the size of those of L. Vir-
p. 19. t. 13.
t
giniànum.
Tree Flax. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1788. Shrub 1 foot.
Mysore Flax. Pl. į foot.
25 L. CAMPANULA'TUM (Lin. spec. 400.) plant scabrous at the
17 L. SCHIEDE A'NUM (Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa. 5. p. base, glaucous; leaves alternate, lower ones rounded at the apex;
234.) smooth, ascending, woody at the base, slender ; leaves in middle ones furnished with a small point, upper ones obversely
something like whorls, 4 or nearly opposite, but mostly all alter- lanceolate, acuminate, each furnished at the base with two
nate, obovate-lanceolate and linear-lanceolate, tapering to the glands ; sepals linear-lanceolate; petals 3-times longer than the
base, sessile, rough on the margins ; flowers disposed in dicho- calyx; flowers corymbose. 2. H. Native of the south of
tomous cymes; the branches axillary and alternate ; bracteas Europe, especially in arid places of France.-Tab. icon. p.
linear, glandular, and fringed; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, 414. There is a variety of this plant in Tauria, with the
with glandular serratures or fringed; fruit shorter than the leaves and branches pubescent.
calyx. h. G. Native of Mexico in woods near Jalapa.
Flowers small, yellow.
Campanulate-flowered Flax, Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1795. Pl. 1 ft.
26 L. TAU'RICUM (Willd. enum. p. 339.) plant shrubby at the
Schiede's Flax Shrub 1 foot.
base, greenish ; leaves alternate, glaucous, furnished with two
18 L. AQUILI'NUM (Mol. chil, ed germ. 126.) plant glabrous, glands at the base of each, lower ones rather spatulate, upper
erect; leaves alternate, lanceolate, acute; peduncles bifid ; ones lanceolate; panicle dichotomous; sepals acuminated, serru-
pedicels longer than the calyx. 2. F. Native of Chili on the lated; petals 3-times longer than the calyx. Þ.H. Native of
mountains.-Feuill. Per. 3. p. 32. t. 22. f. 2.
Tauria L. campanulátum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 255.
-
3 M 2

452
LINEÆ. I. LINUM.
.
3
Taurian Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub foot. mss. L. trígynum, Smith, exot. bot. t. 17.
Smith, exot. bot. t. 17. Flowers large,
27 L. CHAMISSÒNIS (Schiede in Schlecht, Linnæa. 1. p. 68.) campanulate. Root creeping.
.
stems ascending, woody at the base; branches alternate ; leaves Creeping Flax. Fl. Nov. Shrub 3 foot.
lanceolate, glandless at the base, lower ones opposite, upper 35 L. MACRÆ'I (Benth. in bot. reg. no. 1326.) glabrous;
ones alternate ; flowers opposite the leaves and terminal ; petals stems shrubby at the base; branches erect; leaves opposite or
yellow; styles free to the base ; stigmas capitate ; capsules acu- alternate, lanceolate, acuminated, stiff; sepals ovate, acumi-
tish, with the valves flat on the back. h. G. Native of Chili. nated; petals twice the length of the calyx ; style equal to the
Chamisso's Flax. Shrub 1 foot.
corolla, slightly quinquefid at the apex ; stigmas globose; cap-
28 L. CAPITA'TUM (Kit. in Rom. et Schult. syst. 6. p. 751.) sules acutely mucronate. h. G. Native of Chili at Valpa-
stem shrubby at the base ; leaves furnished with a gland on each raiso. Flowers about the size of those of L. marítimum.
side at the base, alternate, lower ones spatulate, with smooth Mac Rae's Flax. Shrub 1 foot.
margins, upper ones lanceolate, acute, acuminated, with scabrous 36 L. MONO'GYNUM (Forst. prod. no. 145.) stem suffruticose ;
margins ; flowers capitate, sessile ; sepals acuminated, subser- leaves alternate, lanceolate, 3-nerved. Þ.G. Native of New
rated ? 4. H. Native on the Alps of Croatia.
Zealand. Flowers yellow. Styles connate at the base. Ac-
Capitate-flowered Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. } cording to Mr. Bentham this is the same as L. Africànum.
to foot.
One-styled Flax. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot.
29 L. FLA'YUM (Lin. spec. 399.) plant woody at the base, 37 L. AFRICA'NUM (Lin. mant. p. 360.) plant glabrous, erect,
greenish ; leaves furnished with two glands at the base of each, shrubby at the base; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, alternate, or
alternate, narrow, lanceolate, acute, sessile, with smooth margins; irregularly opposite, or in whorls ; panicle corymbose, erect;
branches of panicle dichotomous; sepals acuminated, serru- flowers disposed along the branches, almost sessile; sepals rather
lated ; petals very blunt, 3-times longer than the calyx. 4. H. serrately ciliated; styles connate at the base.
; . h. G. Native
Native of Austria, Hungary, Carniola, and Caucasus, in dry of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. coll. 3. p. 218. t. 353.
meadows. Jacq. aust. t. 214. Curt. bot. mag. t. 312. L. cam-
Curt. bot. mag. 403.
.
panulatum ß, D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 797. L. monopétalum, Steph. African Flax.
African Flax. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1771.
Clt. 1771. Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
enum. mosq. no. 214. Corolla monopetalous, 5-cleft. Steph. l. c. 38 L. ÆthiÒPICUM (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 143.) plant gla-
Yellow Flax. Fl. June, Aug.
Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1793. Pl. 1 to 1} foot. brous, shrubby at the base, erectly-spreading ; leaves ovate, mu-
30 L. TETRA GYNUM (Colebr. mss. ex Wall. cat. herb. ined. cronate, opposite; flowers terminal, rather umbellate ; styles
no. 1506. ex Benth. bot. reg. no. 1326.) glabrous, shrubby, connate at the base. . G. Native of the Cape of Good
branched ; leaves elliptical, oblong, acuminated, serrated, taper- Hope. L. Africanum, Rchb. icon. exot. t. 46.
ing to the base, stalked ; flowers in capitate-corymbs; peduncles Æthiopian Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1771. Shrub 1 foot.
bracteate ; sepals ovate, with short points and sub-ciliated mar- 39 L. QUADRIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 402.) plant glabrous, erect;
gins; petals twice the length of the calyx; styles 4, free; leaves ovate, somewhat mucronate, 4 in a whorl, upper ones
stigmas globose ; capsule obtuse. ħ.G. Native of Nipaul and sometimes opposite; styles distinct. 2. G. Native of the
Silhet. Flowers smaller than those of L. trigynum.
Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 431. Houtt. pfl. syst.
Four-styled Flax. Shrub 2 feet?
p. 263. t. 46. f. 1. Perhaps L. quadrifolium of Thunb. f.
31 L. CÆSPITÒSUM (Sibth. et Smith, A. græc. t. 305. prod. p. cap. 2. p. 244. and L. tetraphyllum of Habenstr. in herb. Panzer,
216.) plant glabrous, glaucous, tufted, shrubby at the base ; are different from this.
leaves obovate, acute; sepals ovate, obtuse. h.H. - Native of Four-leaved Flax. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1787. Pl. 1 to 1į ft.
Crete on the higher mountains. L. globulariæfòlium, Poir.
suppl. 3. p. 445. A small much-branched shrub. Capsules
§ 2. Flowers blue or rose-coloured, rarely varying to white.
globose. Flowers cymose. Styles distinct.
40 L. VERTICILLA'TUM (Lin. spec. 402.) leaves in whorls,
Tufted Flax. Shrub ] foot.
linear-lanceolate, upper ones as well as calyxes villous. O. H.
32 L. TRI’GYNUM (Roxb. ex asiat. resear. 6. p. 357.) shrubby, Native of Italy about Rome. Petals
glabrous ; leaves alternate, elliptical, entire, pointed at both Whorled-leaved Flax. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
ends, feather-nerved ; flowers large, bracteate; styles 3, distinct; 41 L. STRIA'TUM (Walt. fl. carol. p. 118.) leaves opposite,
capsule obtuse; sepals lanceolate; petals obovate, emarginate. ovate, or oblong, with the margins and nerves somewhat decur-
h. G. Native of the East Indies at Sirinagur. Sims, bot. rent ; flowers panicled, terminal. O. H. Native of Carolina.
mag. t. 1100. Andr. bot. rep. t. 449. Delaun. herb. amat. t. Habit of Campánulata hýbrida. Stems somewhat tetragonal,
290. Capsules 6-celled. Stigmas not capitate.
simple. Sepals ovate, acute, a little smaller than the petals.
Three-styled Flax. Fl. Jan. Oct. Clt. 1799. Sh. 2 to 4 ft.
.
Flowers blue and striated.
33 L. CICANÒBUM (D. Don, prod. Al. nep. 217.) shrubby, Striated Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 to 1} foot.
glabrous; leaves alternate, membranaceous, elliptical-oblong, 42 L. viscosum (Lin. spec. 398.) leaves lanceolate, 3-5-
acuminated, stalked, and acute at the base, serrate ? flowers in nerved, alternate, and somewhat opposite, and are as well as
terminal umbels; styles 3, connected to the middle ; sepals ob- stems hairy, middle and upper ones, as well as sepals, bearing
long, acute; capsule obtuse. h. G. Native of Nipaul at
.
glandular hairs; styles shorter than the stamens or nearly equal
Narainhetty. L. Cicanobu, Hamilt. mss. Leaves 6 inches long. with them. 4. H. Native of the southern parts of Germany
Flowers large. In the language of the Nawaris, this plant is called and Italy in sunny places. Flowers pale wine-coloured, rarely
Cicanobu Swa. Mr. Bentham is disposed to consider this a blue. Capsules of 10 cells.-Bertol. am. itin. p. 139.
.
mere variety of L. rèpens.
Var. B, sylvéstre (Scop. carn. no. 383. t. 11.) leaves all ciliat-
Cicanobu Flax. Fl. Decem. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
ed with glandular hairs, and as if they were serrated.
34 L. RE'PENS (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 217.) stem
Native of Carniola.
shrubby; leaves alternate, ovate-cuneated, mucronulate, gla- Var. y, Nestlèri (D. C. prod. 1. p. 246.) lower leaves smooth-
7
brous, crenulated, feather-nerved ; flowers solitary, stalked ; ish, somewhat ovate. 4. H. Native of Austria in gravelly or
sepals lanceolate, mucronate, with denticulated margins; capsule sandy fields.
obtuse; styles 3, connate to about the middle. Þ.G. Native Var. O, hypericifolium (Sal. parad. t. 79.) leaves ovate-oblong,
of Nipaul at Narainhetty. L. rèpens and semitrígynum, Hamilt. distinctly 5-nerved. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1048.-L. venùstum,
4.
Petals grey.
.
2. H.

LINEÆ. I. LINUM.
453
to any
-
a
Andr. bot, rep. 477. Flowers large, almost the size of those of has been grown in sufficient quantity for either purpose. The
a Mallow. Perhaps a distinct species.
legislature of the country, as Brown observes, has paid more
Clammy Flax. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1807. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. attention to framing laws regarding the husbandry of flax than
43 L. PILI'GERUM (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. p. 127.) stem sim-
other branch of rural economy; but it need not excite
ple, hairy; leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved'; sepals linear, surprise that these laws, even though accompanied by premiums,
pilose; styles equal in length with the stamens. 4. H. Native have failed to induce men to act in a manner contrary to their
of Sicily and Crete.
own interest. The fact is, the culture of flax is found on the
Hair-bearing Flax.
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
whole less profitable than the culture of corn. It is one of the
44 L. HIRSU'TUM (Lin. spec. 398.) leaves lanceolate, 3-5- most severe crops when allowed to ripen its seed; but by no
nerved, alternate, and somewhat opposite, and are as well as means so when pulled green. Loud. encycl. agri. p. 846.
the stems hairy, upper ones as well as sepals ciliated, with glan- The varieties of the common Flax are few, and hardly de-
dular hairs; stamens connate to the middle. 4. H. Native serving notice. Marshall mentions the Blue or Lead-coloured
of Italy, south of France, Tauria, Caucasus, and Hungary, in Flax, as being cultivated in Yorkshire, and Professor Thaer
elevated places exposed to the sun. Flowers bluish, rarely mentions a finer and coarser variety; he also as well as some
rose-coloured. Jacq. aust. t. 31. Smith, fl. græc. t. 302.-Moris. other agriculturists has tried the Linum perénne, but though it
hist. 2. p. 573. sect. 5. t. 26. f. 5. Panicle corymbose.
2
affords a strong fibre, it is coarser, and difficult to separate from
Var. B, elàtius (Rom. ined. Schult. syst. 6. p. 740.) leaves the woody matter.
evidently 3-nerved. 2. H. Native of Caucasus.
The soil most proper for flax, besides the alluvial kinds, are
Hairy Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Pl. 1 foot.
deep and friable loams, and such as contain a large proportion
45 L. ASCYRIFOLIUM (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1087.) leaves alter- of vegetable matter. Strong clays do not answer well, nor
nate, 3-nerved, ovate, cordate, pubescent, upper ones somewhat soils of a gravelly or dry sandy nature. But whatever be the
opposite ; flowers somewhat spiked ; sepals acuminated, hairy. kinds of soil, it ought neither to be too poor nor in too rich a
4. H. Native of Portugal near Coimbra. Flowers white, condition ; because in the latter case the flax is apt to grow too
streaked with bluish-purple veins, with a yellow bottom. Petals luxuriant, and to produce a coarse sort ; and, in the former case,
crenulated.
the plant from growing weakly affords only a small produce.
Ascyrum-leaved Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl. 1 ft. ( Treat. on Rural Affairs.) If there be water at a small depth
46 L. NERVÖSUM (Walds. et Kit. pl. hung. 2. t. 105.) stem below the surface of the ground, it is thought by some still
hairy at the base ; leaves lanceolate, pointed, 3-5-nerved, gla- better, as is the case in Zealand, which is remarkable for the
,
brous; panicle loose; sepals awl-shaped, pointed, serrated at the fineness of its flax, and where the soil is deep and rather stiff,
base. 2. H. Native of Hungary, the Ukraine, and Tauria, on with water almost every where at the depth of a foot and a half
hills. Flowers large, blue. Petals emarginated or pointed, or two feet underneath it. It is said to be owing to the want of
crenated at the apex. Styles white. Capsules with 10 promi-
Capsules with 10 promi- this advantage, that the other provinces of Holland do not
nent sutures.—Barrel. icon. p. 1009.
succeed equally well in the culture of this useful plant; not that
Var. B, glabràtum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 426.) stem glabrous at but fine flax is also raised on light lands, if they have been well
the base. 4. H. Native of Russia on the banks of the Don. tilled and manured, and if the seasons are not very dry. It is
Nerved-leaved Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 to remarked in the letters of the Dublin Agricultural Society, that
1] foot.
most stiff soils yield much larger quantities of flax and far
47 L. NARBONE'NSE (Lin. spec. 398.) plant glabrous, erect, better seed than can be obtained from light lands, and that the
rather glaucous ; leaves alternate, distant, lanceolate-linear, very seeds reared from the former
may
with
proper care be rendered
acute, and rather stiff; panicle sub-corymbose ; sepals acumi- full as good as any that can be imported from Riga or Zealand.
nated, with the margins scariose at the base. 2. H. Native M. Du Hamel, however, thinks that strong land can hardly yield
of Spain, south of France, and Italy, in elevated sunny places. such fine flax as that which grows on lighter ground. The
Flowers large, beautiful, blue, very rarely white. Hook. bot. place of flax in a rotation of crops is various, but in general
mag. icon.—Barrel. icon. p. 1007.
it is considered as a corn or exhausting crop, when the seed is
Narbonne Flax. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. Pl. 2 feet. allowed to ripen, and as a green pea or bean crop, when the
48 L. PUNCTA'TUM (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 962.) stem plant is pulled green. Flax, Donaldson observes, is sown after
diffuse, usually 3-flowered ; leaves imbricate, lanceolate, acute, all sorts of crops, but is found to succeed better on lands lately
rather scabrous, full of pellucid dots; sepals ovate.
broken up from grass. In Scotland, the most skilful cultivators
Native of Sicily.
of flax generally prefer lands from which one crop of grain
Dotted-leaved Flax. Pl. diffuse.
only has been taken, after having been several years in pasture.
49 L. USITATISSIMUM (Lin. spec. 397.) plant erect, glabrous ; When such lands have been limed or marled, immediately before
leaves lanceolate or linear acute; panicle corymbose; sepals being laid down to grass, the crop of flax seldom or never mis-
,
ovate, acute, or mucronate, with scarious or membranaceous gives, unless the season proves remarkably adverse. In the
margins ; petals rather crenated, 3-times larger than the calyx. north of Ireland flax is generally sown by the small farmers
O. H. Native of many parts of Europe, as well as in Nipaul after potatoes. In Belgium it is supposed not to do well after
and North America, in corn-fields, said to be originally from peas or beans, nor to succeed if sown oftener on the same soil
Egypt. Tratt. tab. t. 744. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1357. Curt. f. than twice. (Von Thaer.)
lond, fasc. 5. t. 22. Mart. A. rust. t. 133. L. sativum, Black. The preparation of the soil when grass land is intended for
herb. t. 160. Plench. t. 243. L. arvénse, Neck. gallob. 159. Flax consists in breaking it up as early in the season as possible,
Flowers blue. Sepals 3-nerved.
so that the soil may be duly mellowed by the winter frosts, and
Var. ß, hùmile (Mill. dict. no. 2.) petals emarginate ; stem in good order for being reduced by the harrows when the seed
dwarf-branched.
process is attempted. If flax is to succeed a corn crop, the like
Flax has been cultivated from the earliest ages and for an preparation is required to procure the aid of frost, without which
unknown length of time in Britain, of which it is now considered the surface cannot be rendered fine enough for receiving the
a naturalized inhabitant. It is cultivated both for its fibre for seed. Less frost, however, will do in the last than in the first
making thread, and its seed for being crushed for oil, but never case, therefore the grass land ought always to be earliest
4. H.

454
LINEÆ. I. LINUM.
a
season.
a
ploughed. At seed time harrow the land well before the seed is net-work, fastened to stakes at due distances, which is proof
distributed, then cover the seed to a sufficient depth by giving against almost every accident that can happen from tempestuous
a close double tine of the harrows. Water-furrow the land, weather. In Scotland a crop of flax is sometimes weeded by
and remove any stones or roots that may remain on the surface, turning a flock of sheep at large into the field. They will not
which finishes the
process.
take the young flax plants, but they carefully search for the
The ordinary season of sowing flax-seed is from the middle weeds, which they devour.
of March to the end of April, but the last week of March and The crop of flax is taken in by pulling, on which there is
the first 10 days of April is esteemed the best time, and accord- considerable differences of opinion. None, however, think of
ingly within these periods the greatest quantity of flax-seed is pulling it before it comes into flower, when fibre is the sole
sown in this country. In France and Italy it is often sown in object, or before the seed in the capsules acquires a brownish
the autumn, by which a larger crop is produced, especially when colour, when fibre and seed jointly or fibre alone is the object.
seed is desired.
Some argue for pulling while it is green, in order that its fibres
The quantity of seed depends upon the intention of the crop. may be softer and finer; others, with the same view, pull it up
When a crop of seed is intended to be taken, thin sowing is pre- before its seeds are quite formed, and others again think that it
ferable, in order that the plants may have room to throw out should not be pulled till some of the capsules have begun to
lateral shoots, and to obtain air in the blossoming and filling open, being of opinion that the fibres of green flax are too
But it is a mistake to sow thin when flax is intended tender, and that they fall into tow. On the other hand it is
to be taken, for the crop then becomes coarse, and often unpro- certain that the fibres of flax which has stood till it is very ripe
ductive. From eight to ten pecks per acre is the proper quan- are always stiff and harsh, that they are not easily separated
tity when flax is intended, but when seed is the object six pecks from the woody part, and that they do not bleach so well, there-
is sufficient, for seed from thick sown crops is never so good, fore both extremes should be avoided, and it seems most reason-
nor so abundant. (Donaldson.) In the choice of seed, that which able to think that the properest time for pulling flax is, when
is of a bright, brownish colour, oily to the feel, and at the same its stalks begin to turn from a green to a yellow colour, when
time weighty, is considered the best. Linseed imported from its leaves begin to fall, and when its seeds begin to be brown.
various countries is employed. That brought from Holland is Donaldson observes that a crop of flax frequently grows and runs
in the highest estimation, as it not only ripens sooner than any out a great number of seed-bearing branches. When that is the
other that is imported, but also produces greater crops, and flax case the seeds, not the flax, ought to be the farmer's chief object,
of that quality which best suits the chief manufactures of the and the crop should be allowed to stand till the seeds are
country. American seed produces in common fine flax, but perfected. But that when the crop thrives and is likely to
neither the quantity of flax, nor capsules, nor are they so large become more valuable for the flax than the seeds, it should be
as the produce of Dutch linseed. Riga seed yields a very pulled soon after the bloom drops off, and before the pods turn
coarse sort of flax, but greater in quantity of seed than any liard and sharp in the points. When flax is grown for its fibre,
other. It is common in some parts of Scotland to sow seed Brown considers it the safest course to take it in a little early, as
saved from the crops of the preceding year, especially when any thing wanted in quantity being in this way made up by the
that crop was raised from seed imported from Holland. The superiority of the quality. The operation of pulling flax
success of this practice is found to depend greatly on changing differs according to the intention of the crop.
When it is grown
the seed from one sort of soil to another of an opposite nature. for the fibre it is pulled and tied immediately in sheaves like
But the saving in the expense of purchasing that sort of seed in corn, being carried off immediately to be watered. But when
place of what is newly imported from Holland is so inconsider- seed is the object of the crop, it is pulled up and laid in handfuls
able, and the risk of the crop misgiving so much greater in the across each other, the reason of which is, the business of rippling
one case than in the other, that those only who are ignorant of is facilitated, as the ripplers, in place of having to separate
the consequences, or who are compelled from necessity, are each handful from the bundle, find it by this simple precaution
chargeable with this act of ill-judged parsimony. Flax-seed already done to their hand. In most fields there are varieties
is by some farmers changed every three years in succession of soils, of course some parts of a field will produce fine flax,
without perceiving any degeneracy. When any degeneracy others coarse, some long and some short; in a word, crops of
takes place the seed of flax grown on a different soil, as moss, different lengths and qualities. It cannot be supposed that all
moor, sand, &c. without any view to the produce in fibre, will, these different kinds of flax will undergo an equal degree of
it is said, answer as well as foreign seed.
watering, grassing, breaking, and heckling without sustaining
The manner of sowing flax is almost always the same, but much injury. Although it is of much importance yet it very
when seed is the main object drilling may be adopted, by which seldom happens that much attention is bestowed to separate the
seed may be saved in sowing, cleaning conducted at less expense, different sorts of flax from each other, in pulling the crop.
and the plants rendered more vigorous and branchy, by the Some instead of laying the flax in loose handfuls, tie them up
stirring of the soil, and the admission of air between the rows. loosely at the top, and then spread out their roots and set several
The fibres of flax grown in this way will be shorter, and less of them together in an upright position upon their roots. In
equal in thickness throughout their length, than flax grown by either case the flax is left twelve or fourteen days in the field
the broadcast mode and tolerably thick.
to dry it. This drying is certainly not necessary for the rippling,
The after culture consists chiefly in weeding, but sometimes because the ripple will separate the capsules from the flax as
it commences with rolling the surface, which is a very proper effectually before it has been dried as it will afterwards, and if
operation when the soil is very dry, the season advanced, or the it is done with a view to ripen the seed, it should be considered
earth very porous. By this process the earth is pressed firmly that the flax will be more hurt by the longer time of steeping,
to the seeds, and they are thereby stimulated to vegetate sooner, which will become necessary in consequence of this drying,
and the drought is kept out. On some soils, and in wet and than the seed can be benefited, because the more the membrane
stormy seasons, flax is apt to be laid, to guard against which which connects the fibres to the reed is dried, the greater must
some cultivators run across their flax-field slender poles, fixed be the degree of putrefaction necessary to loosen and destroy
to stakes; but a better method is to run small ropes across the the cohesion of this connecting membrane ; the finer parts of
field both lengthwise and breadthwise, so as to form a sort of the flax itself must necessarily be destroyed by the degree of
1

LINEÆ. I. LINUM.
455
A large
a
or harl.
putrefaction necessary to separate the membrane from the fibre. by means of transverse sticks, with that degree of weight annexed,
The practice adopted in some parts of Brittany seems, there- which shall not push it down to the bottom, but leave it to descend
fore, much more rational, which is to ripple the flax after it has spontaneously towards the conclusion of the steepage; and in
lain in the air two or three days, but even one day will be suffi- leaving at first a space of half a foot between the bottom and
cient if the weather is dry.
the roots of the flax. The spontaneous descent of the flax is
The process of rippling is the next operation.
an indication of its being sufficiently steeped, and the strength
cloth should be spread on a convenient spot of ground, with a and quality of the fibre are said to be much better preserved by
ripple placed in the middle of it. In performing this operation, this mode, in which the temperature of the atmosphere acts with
the capsules are separated from the stalks by means of an iron most force on the upper part of the plant, which needs it most.
comb called a ripple, fixed on a beam of wood, on the ends of The water most proper for steeping flax should be clear, soft,
which two persons sit, who, by pulling the seed ends of the and in standing pools. Compared with running water, pools
flax repeatedly through this comb, execute the operation in a occasion the flax to have a better colour, to be sooner ready for
very complete manner. In Scotland the pods are generally the grass, and even to be of superior quality in every respect.
separated by the ripple, even when there is no intention of Where soft, clear, stagnating water cannot be obtained without
saving them for seed, as it is found when the flax is put into art, a pit or canal is commonly formed, adjoining a river or
water without taking off the capsules, the water soon becomes stream, whence water can be easily brought. This pit or canal
putrid, in consequence of which the flax is greatly injured. is filled with water for some time (a week or two) before it be
The management of the capsules and separating of the seed proposed to pull the flax, by this means the water acquires a
is the next operation. The capsules should be spread in the greater degree of warmth than river water possesses, and which
sun to dry, and those seeds which separate from the capsules contributes greatly to facilitate the object farmers have in
of their own accord, being the fullest and ripest, should be set view in immersing green flax in water, namely, to make the
apart for sowing, in case the precaution of raising some flax flaxing substance part easily and completely from the boon reed
purposely for seed has not been attended to.
The capsules are
then broken, either by treading or by threshing, in order to The period that flax ought to remain in the water depends on
get out the remaining seeds, the whole of which, as well as the various circumstances, as the state of ripeness in which it is
former, should be carefully sifted, winnowed, and cleaned. pulled, the quality and temperature of the water, &c. The
When the seed is laid up, it must be frequently stirred or ven- most certain rule to judge when flax is sufficiently watered is,
tilated to prevent its heating. Even this second seed affords a when the boon becomes brittle and the harl separates easily from
considerable profit by the oil which it yields, and also by being it. In warm weather ten days of the watering process is suffi-
used when broken for fattening of cattle.
cient; but it is proper to examine the pools regularly after the
To facilitate the separation of the fibre from the bark, it is seventh day, lest the flax should putrefy or rot, which sometimes
necessary to accelerate the process of decay or putrefaction. happens in very warm weather. Twelve days will answer in
This may be done in different ways, but the chief are those of any sort of weather, though it may be remarked that it is better
bleaching alone, or of steeping and bleaching. Bleaching is a to give too little of the water than too much, as any deficiency
tedious and laborious operation, when it is intended as a sub- may be easily made up by suffering it to be longer on the grass,
stitute for steeping, but it is the most certain for not injuring whereas an excess of water admits of no remedy (Brown).
the fibre, and may be adopted on a small scale when steeping Grassing or bleaching flax is the next operation, the intention
places are not at hand. In Dorsetshire and some other places, of which is to rectify any defect in the watering process, and to
flax, instead of being steeped, is what is called dew-retted ; carry on the putrefying process to that point when the fibre
that is, the stalks are allowed to lie on the grass until they arrive will separate from the bark, boon, reed, or harl with the greatest
at that state in which the harl or woody part separate easily ease. In performing this operation the flax is spread very thin
from the boon, reed, or fibre, by the action and influence of the on the ground, and in regular rows, the one being made to over-
dew. This is nothing more than exposing the flax to the influence lap the other a few inches, with a view of preventing, as much
of the weather for a longer period than is necessary, when the ope- as possible, its being torn up and scattered by gales of wind.
ration of watering has been previously performed, as in grassing. Old grass-ground, where the herbage does not grow to any
Steeping, however, is the most universal practice both in Britain great height, is the best for the purpose, as when the grass or
and on the Continent. Of late an invention has been made by weeds spring up so as to cover the flax, it is frequently rotted,
Mr. Lee of Middlesex, by which, with the aid of soft
soap
and
or at least greatly injured thereby. The time allowed for
machinery, the fibre is more completely separated than by steep- grassing is regulated by the state of the flax, and seldom exceeds
ing, and uninjured by that process. When flax is to be separ- ten or twelve days. During this time it is repeatedly examined,
ated by this new process, the cultivator has only to pull it in and when it is found that the boon has become very brittle, so
handfulls, dry it, bind it into sheaves, and put it up in stacks that on being broken and rubbed between the hands, it easily
like corn, till wanted by the manufacturer.
,
and freely parts from the harl, it is then taken up, a dry day
Steeping or watering, however, is and will be the general being chosen for the purpose, and being bound in sheaves is
practice, till flax-dressing machines come into general practice. either sent directly to the mill, which is the usual practice in the
In performing this operation, the flax, whether it has been dried northern districts, or broken and scutched by a machine or im-
and rippled or pulled green, is loosely tied into small bundles, plement for that purpose.
the smaller the better, because it is then most equally watered. Steeping of flax in hot water and soft soap, said to be the
These sheaves ought to be built in the pool in a reclining upright invention of Lee, and for which he was granted by parliament
position, so that the weight placed above may keep the whole a secret or unenrolled patent, is said to separate the fibre from
firm down. The weights made use of are commonly stones the woody matter better than steeping in water, and this in the
placed on planks or directly on the flax. The Flemish mode of short space of two or three hours, and either with green flax or
steeping flax, as described by Radcliff, is said to improve the such as has been dried or stacked for months or years.
quality of the flax and greatly increase its whiteness. The mode The dressing of flax consists of various operations, such as
differs from the common practice in placing the bundles in the scutching, hacking, or breaking, by which the woody part is
steep vertically instead of horizontally, in immersing the fax broken, and heckling or combing, by which the fibre is separ-
-

456
LINEÆ. I. LINUM.
a
ated from the woody part, and sorted into lengths. These oper- and the inferior seed, not fit for crushing, is boiled and made into
ations are often all performed by the cottager or small farmer, flax-seed jelly, esteemed an excellent nutriment for stock, the
who grows flax for the purpose of spinning the fibre in his own process of making which we shall here describe. The propor-
family. But there are also public flax mills, impelled by water tion of water to seed is about seven to one. Having been
or other
powers, by which flax is scutched, and it is then heckled steeped in water eight and forty hours previous to boiling,
by professed hecklers. A method of preparing flax in such the remainder is added cold, and the whole boiled gently about
a manner as to resemble cotton in whiteness and softness, as two hours, keeping it in motion during the operation, to prevent
well as in coherence, is given in the Swedish Transactions for its burning to the boiler, thus reducing the whole to a jelly-like,
the year 1747. For this purpose a little sea-water is to be put into or rather a gluey or ropy consistence. After being cooled in
an iron pot, or an untinned copper kettle, and a mixture of tubs it is given with the mixture of barley-meal, bran, and cut
equal parts of birch-ashes and quicklime to be strewed upon it ; chaff; a bullock being allowed about two quarts of the jelly per
a small bundle of flax is to be opened and spread upon the day, or somewhat more than a quart of seed in four days; that
surface, and covered with more of the mixture, and the strati- is about one-sixteenth of the medium allowed of oil-cake.
fication continued till the vessel is sufficiently filled. The whole The diseases of flax are few, and chiefly the fly, which
is then boiled with sea-water for ten hours, fresh quantities of sometimes attacks the plant when young, and the mildew and rust.
water being then supplied according to the evaporation, that the Medical qualities. Linseed contains about one-fifth of mucilage
matter may never become dry. The boiled flax is to be imme- and one-sixth of fixed oil. The mucilage resides entirely in the
diately washed in the sea by a little at a time in a basket with a skin, and is separated by infusion or decoction, the oil by expres-
smooth stick, at first when hot, and when grown cold enough to sion. It is one of the cheapest fixed oils, but is generally rancid
be borne by the hands, it must be well rubbed, washed with and nauseous, and unfit for internal use. Linseed is emollient and
soap, laid to bleach, and turned and watered every day. Re- demulcent. The entire seeds are used in cataplasms. The infusion
petitions of the washing with soap expedite the bleaching, after is much employed as a pectoral drink, and in ardor-urinæ,
which the flax is to be beat, and again well washed; when dry nephritic pains, and during the exhibition of corrosive sublimate.
it is to be worked and carded in the same manner as common Very useful or Common Flax. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl.
.
cotton, and pressed betwixt two boards for 48 hours. It is now 1 to 3 feet.
fully prepared and fit for use. It loses in this prscess nearly 50 L. MARGINA'TUM (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 443.) plant glabrous,
one-half of its weight, which however is abundantly compensated erect; leaves linear-lanceolate, reflexed ; sepals with white
by the improvement made in its quality.
margins, and are as well as the capsules mucronated; petals
Lee's meihod of breaking flax and hemp without dew-retting crenated. 4. H. Native of ? L. angustifolium, Willd. enum.
was invented in 1810, and was the first step towards a great 338. but not of Huds. L. affine, Panz. mss. Very like L.
improvement, brought nearer to perfection by the new patent usitatissimum, but the flowers are smaller.
machines of Messrs. Hill and Bunby, which are portable, and Marginated-sepalled Flax. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1810. Pl. 2 ft.
may be worked in barns or any kind of out-house; they are 51 L. REFLE'XUM (Ait. hort. kew. 1. p. 307.) leaves ovate-
also well calculated for parish workhouses and charitable insti- lanceolate, acuminated, reflexed, smooth; sepals acuminated;
tutions; a great part of the work being so light, that it may be
filaments connate. 4. H. Native of the south of Europe.
done by children and infirm persons, and such is the construc-
Flowers blue.
tion and simplicity of the machines, that no previous instruction Reflexed-leaved Flax. Fl. July. Clt. 1777. Pl. l] foot.
12
or practice in required. The woody part is removed by a very 52 L. RUBRUM (Rafin. carl. p. 74.) plant glabrous ; stem
(.
simple machine, and by passing through the second machine, straight, branched, angular at the top ; leaves linear acute, 1-
equally simple, the flax may be brought to any degree of fine- nerved ; peduncles rather corymbose, striated; sepals ovate,
ness equal to the best used in France and the Netherlands, for acuminated, 3-nerved, with scarious margins. 4. H. Native of
the finest lace and cambric. The original length of the fibre, Sicily near Agrigentum.
Sicily near Agrigentum. Flowers rose-coloured. Allied to L.
as well as the strength remains unimpaired, and the difference of usitatissimum.
the produce is immense, being nearly two-thirds, one ton of flax Red-flowered Flax. Fl. June, July. Pl. 11 to 2 feet.
being produced from four tons of stalks. The
The expense of work- 53 L. OLIGOPHY'LLUM (Willd. mss. in Schult. syst. 6. p. 758.)
ing each ton obtained by this method is only five pounds. The stem branched ; leaves linear, scale-formed; flowers solitary;
glutinous matter may be removed by soap and water only, sepals ovate, acuminated.. 4. F. Native of Buenos Ayres.
which will bring the flax to such perfect whiteness, that no Var. a, glandulòsum (Schiede in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 68.)
p. )
further bleaching is necessary, even after the linen is woven ; branched ; leaves spreading, furnished with as tipular gland at the
;
and the whole process of preparing flax may be completed in base.
six days.
Var. B, eglandulòsum (Schiede, 1. c.) leaves spreading, desti-
The produce of flax in seed is generally from six to eight, tute of the stipular gland.
sometimes as high as ten or twelve bushels per acre, and the Var. y, squamifolium (Schiede, 1. c.) stem simple; leaves
price depends in a great measure on that of foreign seed im- scale-formed, without the stipular gland.
ported; as when sold to oil makers it is generally about one-half Fen-leaved Flax. Pl. 1 foot?
of Dutch seed, sold for the purpose of sowing. The seed is 54 L. SQUAMULÒSUM (Rud. in Willd. enum. p. 338.) plant
separated into three qualities, the best for sowing, the second glabrous, erect ; leaves linear-awl-shaped, erect, lower ones
best for crushing for oil, and the inferior for boiling or steaming smaller, and crowded ; sepals ovate, acute, 5-nerved, with mem-
for cattle.
branaceous margins ; petals hardly thrice the size of calyx.
The produce of flax in fibre varies exceedingly. Before 2. H. Native of Tauria and on the banks of the Don. Flowers
being sorted, the gross product of fibre varies from three cwt. blue, but sometimes apetalous, according to Rudolph. L.
to half a ton per acre.
Austriacum, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 245. but not of Lin.
The use of flax in the linen manufacture is well known.
The
Scaly-leaved Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
seed is crushed for oil, which is that in common use by painters; 55 L. DIFFU'sum (Schult. obs. 63.) plant glabrous, diffuse,
the cake or husk, which remains after the expression of the oil, ascending; stems branched ; branches spreading ; leaves linear-
is sold for fattening cattle, and in some places as a manure; lanceolate, acute, 1-nerved ; petals twice the size of the calyx.

LINEÆ. I. LINUM.
457
p. 615.
a
4. H. Native of Flowers pale blue. L. Austriacum, Lam. fructiferous pedicels erect; sepals oval, 3-nerved at the base,
dict. 3. p. 521.
521. Branches spreading horizontally.
with membranaceous margins, outer ones acute, inner ones
Diffuse Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 to 1 foot. obtuse, thrice as large as the calyx. 4. H. Native of France,
56 L. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Huds. angl. 134.) plant glabrous, Switzerland, Italy, and Hungary, on grassy mountains.
°
L.
many-stemmed, rather erect; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, 3- Austriacum, D. C. suppl. 615. L. alpinum, D. C. f. fr. 4.
nerved ; sepals elliptical, 3-nerved, acutish ; petals hardly twice
L. perénne, Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 66.
66. Bert. amon. it.
the size of the calyx. 4. H. Native of France, and Italy,
,
352. L. læ've, Scop. carn. ed. 2. no. 387. t. 11. L. Narbo-
also of Asia and New Holland. In England in sandy or chalky nénse, Sut. helv. 184. L. alpinum B, elàtius, Wahl. carp. 299.
pastures, especially towards the sea.
About St. Ives and Truro, Flowers blue.
Cornwall, plentifully ; in Sussex and Kent; near Walsingham, Mountain Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 foot.
and in Gunton fields, Norfolk; at Darsham, Suffolk ; in a field 64 L. ALPI'NUM (Lin. spec. 1672.) plant glabrous, decum-
by Allerton Hall, near Liverpool. Smith, engl. bot. t. 381. bent, many-stemmed ; leaves linear, awl-shaped,
spreading, full of
Petals pale-purple, with a slight notch.
pellucid dots ; flowers few, rather corymbose; fructiferous pe-
Narrow-leaved Flax. Fl. July.
Fl. July. England. Pl. 1 foot. dicels erect; sepals oval, 3-nerved at the base, with membran-
57 L. Si'culum (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 127.) stem aceous margins, outer ones acutish, inner ones obtuse, thrice
simple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved; flowers in as large as the calyx. 4. H. Native of the south of France,
corymbose panicles ; sepals acuminated, 3-nerved, with glan- north of Italy, and Austria, on dry mountains. Jacq. aust. t.
dular margins ; petals emarginate. 4?H. Native of Sicily.
2
321. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 17. Linum perénne y, alpinum Schiède
Sicilian Flax. Pl. 1 foot.
in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 70. Flowers large, blue.
p
58 L. AGRE'STE (Brot. fl. lus. 481.) stems rather tufted, ob- Alpine Flax. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. Pl. foot.
lique, and are as well as lanceolate, 3-nerved ; acuminated leaves 65 L. DECU’MBENS (Desf. atl. 1. p. 278. t. 79.) plant glabrous,
glabrous; sepals lanceolate, 3-nerved, acuminated ; petals cu- many-stemmed, decumbent; leaves linear-awl-shaped, acute,
neated'; capsules mucronate, woolly at the dissepiments. O. H. erect; flowers few, somewhat corymbose; fructiferous pedicels
Native of Portugal. Petals white, with purple lines and 5 blue erect; sepals ovate, membranaceous, pointed at the apex; petals
nerves at the claws, or from purplish-white to ash-coloured. retuse, twice as long as the calyx. 4. H. Native of the north of
Wild Flax. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
.
.
Africa in fields, in the kingdom of Tunis. Flowers rose-coloured.
59 L. SIBIRICUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 427.) plant glabrous, Decumbent Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Pl. foot.
,
.
erect, tall ; leaves linear, acute, spreading, without dots; sepals 66 L. GRANDIFLÒRUM (Desf. atl. 1. p. 277. t. 78.) plant
oval, 5-nerved at the base, outer ones acutish, inner ones very glabrous, erectish, branched at the base ; leaves linear-lanceo-
blunt, all with membranaceous margins ; petals entire, three or late, acute, erectish; flowers loosely panicled ; sepals lanceolate,
four times larger than the calyx. 4. H. Native of Siberia. acute, ciliary-serrated, rather longer than the capsules. 4. F.
L. perénne, var. Sibírica, Lin. spec. 379. Mill. fig. t. 166. Native of the north of Africa in fields near Mascar. Flowers
f. 2. good. L. Austriacum, Sims. bot. mag. t. 1086. Flowers
Flowers large, rose-coloured. Leaves rough on the margins.
large, beautiful blue.
Great-flowered Flax. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. į to 1 ft.
Siberian Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1775. Pl. 3 to 4 feet. 67 L. TENUIFÒLIUM (Lin. spec. 398.) stems branching from
60 L. LEWI'SII (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 210.) stems tall, the base, erect, glabrous; leaves linear-setaceous, smoothish;
numerous, glabrous; leaves scattered, lanceolate-linear, mucro- sepals lanceolate, acuminated, fringed with glandular hairs in the
nate, glabrous ; sepals ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved; petals middle
, exceeding the capsule in length ; petals three times longer
rounded at the apex. 2. H. Native of North America in the than the calyx. 4. H. Native of many parts of Europe on
valleys of the Rocky Mountains, and on the banks of the arid hills, particularly in France, Switzerland, and Germany.
Missouri. L. Sibíricum, var. Lewisii, Lindl. bot. reg. 1163. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 215.–Clus. hist. 1. p. 318. f. 2.-Flowers of
Flowers large, pale blue. Plant glaucous.
a dirty whitish flesh-colour. Leaves spinulose on the margins.
Lewis's Flax. Fl. July. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Slender-leaved Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Pl. iz ft.
61 L. A'NGLICUM (Mill. dict. no. 5.) plant glabrous, ascending ; 68 L. SALSOLOIDES (Lam. dict. 3. p. 521.) stems shrubby at
leaves linear, acute, erect; sepals obovate, obscurely 5-nerved, the base, branched and a little twisted; branches ascending,
outer ones hardly mucronate, inner ones obtuse, with membrana- sterile ones short ; leaves linear-setaceous, smoothish; sepals
ceous margins ; petals emarginate, two or three times longer ovate, acuminated, fringed with glandular hairs in the middle,
than the calyx. 4. H. Native of England on chalky hills in rather shorter than the capsules ; petals 3-times longer than
Cambridgeshire, Northamptonshire, and Westmoreland, and at the calyx. . H. Native of France, Provence, and Vascony,
Marsham, Norfolk. L. perénne, var. A'nglica, Lin. L. perénne, in arid places. L. suffruticosum, D. C. fl. fr. 5. p. 616. but not
Smith, fl. brit. 343. engl. bot. 1. t. 40. Mart. fl. rust. t. 134. of Cav.-Barrel. icon. t. 795. Flowers small, of a dirty whitish
Roots woody. Flowers pale-blue.
flesh-colour.
Var. B, procúmbens (Rai. angl. 3. p. 362.) stems procumbent. Salsola-like Flax. Fl. June, July, Clt. 1810. Pl. 1 foot,
69 L. SUFFRUTICÒSUM (Lin. spec. 400.) stems shrubby at the
English Flax. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. England. Pl. 1 to 1foot. base, branched, and are as well as linear, acute leaves, scabrous
62 L. Austriacum (Lin. mant. 359.) plant glabrous, erect; in all parts; sepals acuminated, fringed with glandular hairs in
leaves linear or rather lanceolate, acute, erectish, full of pellucid the middle; petals 5-times longer than the calyx.
dots; branches racemose; fructiferous pedicels deflexed; sepals Native of Spain in arid fields. Cav. icon. 2. t. 108. L. tenui-
oval, obtuse, 3 or 5-nerved at the base; petals retuse, three or fòlium, Asso. syn. arr. 41. Linum, Bory. ann, gen.
3.
p
10.
four times longer than the calyx. 4. H. Native of Austria --Barrel. icon. t. 1231. Differing from L. salsoloides in being
on hills. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 418. Petals pale, blueish-purple. canescent and having oblong petals. Flowers large, pale-flesh-
Austrian Flax. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1775. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. coloured, or white with purple claws.
63 L. MONTA'NUM (Schleich. cat. pl. helv. D. C. prod. 1. Suffruticose Flax. Fi. Aug. Clt. 1759. Shrub 14 foot.
p. 427.) plant glabrous, erectish, many-stemmed; leaves linear 70 L. CA'RNEUM (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 132.) leaves linear-
or lanceolate, acute, erectish ; flowers in panicled corymbs ; lanceolate, very acute, glaucescent, lower ones opposite, upper
VOL. I.-PART. V.
3 N
.
.
4. H.
h. F.

458
LINEÆ. 1. LINUM. II, RADIOLA. MALVACEÆ.
mum.
gen. 271.
ones rather imbricate; panicle coarctate; sepals acute, serru- LIN. SYST. Tetrándria, Tetragynia. Sepals of calyx 4,
lated, shorter than the petals. h. S. Native of Brazil. joined to the middle, each of which is deeply and acutely 3-cleft.
.
Plant shrubby at the base. Flowers flesh-coloured.
Petals 4, obovate, undivided, length of calyx. Anthers 2-lobed.
Flesh-coloured-flowered Flax. Pl. į to 1 foot.
Ovary 4-lobed. Styles 4, short. Stigmas capitaté. Capsules
† Species not sufficiently known, but most of which evidently inflexed edges; 8 cells; seeds solitary in the cells, oval, com-
roundish, somewhat pointed, with 8 furrows and 8 valves, with
belong to the last section, with blue flowers.
pressed, polished.
71 L. HISPA’NICUM (Mill. dict. no. 7.) stem panicled, pro-
1 R. LINOÌDES (Gmel. syst. 1. p. 289.). O. H. Native in
cumbent; leaves scattered, linear-lanceolate ; sepals acute. wet sandy ground throughout Europe; plentiful in Britain.
4. H. Native of Spain. Flowers like those of L. usitatíssi-
R. millegràna, Smith. fl. brit. 202. engl. bot. 13. t. 893.
t
Linum radìola, Lin. spec. 402. Fl. dan. t. 178.–Vaill.
. . par. 33.
Spanish Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Pl. procumbent. t. 4. f. 6. Stem repeatedly forked, leafy, many-flowered, mo-
72 L. BIE'NNE (Mill. dict. no. 8.) stems branched ; leaves
derately spreading and somewhat corymbose. Leaves sessile,
alternate, linear ; sepals spreading, acuminated. 7. H. Native small
, ovate, 3-ribbed. Flower-stalks solitary from the forks
8.
of Istria. Flowers like those of L. usitatissimum.
of the stem as well as its ultimate branches, white, very minute.
Biennial Flax. Fl. June, July. Clt.? Pl. 3 foot.
Capsules light brown, rather depressed.
73 L. PALLASIA'NUM (Schult. syst. 6. p. 758.) plant pubes-
Flax-like Radiola or Flax-seed. Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 inches.
cent; leaves linear, acute, hoary; sepals smoothish, acute, with Cult. The seeds of this very small plant should be sown in
white, lacerated margins. 4. H. Native of Russia about a moist sandy situation, where it may afterwards be allowed to
Cherson. L. pubescens, Willd. mss. Corolla blue, 3-times scatter itself.
longer than the calyx.
Pallas's Flax. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
ORDER XXX. MALVACEÆ (plants agreeing with Málva
74 L. PUBE'SCENS (Russ. allep. ex Schult. syst. 6. p. 758.) in important characters). Brown. congo. p. 8. Kunth, diss.
stem round; floral leaves opposite, lanceolate, pilose ; flowers
1822. p. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 429.—Malvaceæ $ 1, 2, 3. Juss.
almost sessile ; sepals ciliated, length of leaves. 2? H. Native
of Syria about Aleppo. Flowers unknown.
.
Pubescent Flax. Pl. 1 foot.
Calyx usually of 5 sepals (f. 84. b. f. 85. b.), rarely 3-4,
75 L. TRINE'RVIUM (Roth. nov. spec. 187.) plant glabrous; more or less connected at the base, valvate in æstivation, usually
leaves alternate, linear, 3-nerved ; sepals oblong, 3-ribbed. bearing bracteas at the base (f. 83. a. f. 84. a.), these constitute
Native of the East Indies. Flowers perhaps yellow.
an outer calyx or involucrum. Petals equal in number to the
Three-nerved-leaved Flax. Pl. 1 foot?
) ,
76. L. Brote'RI (Hoffmansegg.) sepals awl-shaped, larger sepals (f. 83. b. f. 84. c. f. 85. c.) and alternating with them,
than the calyx; flowers rather panicled ; leaves filiform, glan- hypogynous, equal, twisted in æstivation (f. 84. b.), sometimes
dularly ciliated. Native of Spain. Flowers white.
distinct, but usually adnate to the tube of the stamens at the
Brotero's Flax. Pl.?
base. Stamens numerous, definite, but usually indefinite (f.
§ 3. Flowers white. Leaves opposite.
84. d.); filaments connected into a column (f. 84. d.), un-
77 L. CATHA'RTICUM (Lin. spec. 401.) plant erect, glabrous ;
equal, outer ones shortest; anthers 1-celled, kidney-shaped,
.
Ovary usually of many
leaves opposite, obovate-lanceolate ; stem forked at the top. bursting by a transverse chink.
Ο. Η.
Native throughout Europe, both in dry and moist carpels (f. 83. e. f. 84. h.) disposed in a whorl around the axis,
meadows; plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. 6. t. 382. almost always connected. Styles equal in number with the
Curt. lond. fasc. 3. t. 19. Mart. rust. t. 135. Schkuhr. handb.
ovaries, sometimes distinct, sometimes joined in one, with an equal
1. t. 87. Black herb. t. 368. Petals white, acute. Flowers
pendulous before expansion. This plant is bitter, and power-
number of stigmas (f. 84.g.) which are more or less distinct.
fully, but as it seems, not dangerously cathartic. Dr. Wither-
Carpels sometimes 1-2-seeded, opening by a chink on the inside,
ing found 2 drachms or more, in a dose, of the dried herb, sometimes many-seeded, opening by valves and with a dissepi-
useful in obstinate rheumatisms.
ment in the middle of each valve, bearing the seeds, some-
Cathartic or Purging Flax or Mill Mountains. Fl. June, July. times nearly free, sometimes connected into a many-celled
Britain. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
Cult. Most of the species of this genus are very ornamental.
capsule (f. 83. f. f. 84. h.) sometimes connate, into an anoma-
The green-house and frame species grow freely in a mixture of lous kind of berry (f. 85. h. i.). Seeds ovate or somewhat trique-
loam and peat, and cuttings strike root readily in the same kind trous, covered by a smooth or villous epidermis (f. 83. g. f.
of soil under a hand-glass. The hardy shrubby species will 84. i.). Albumen none.
)
Embryo straight, dicotyledonous,
grow in any light soil, and cuttings will root freely under a hand- with a terete radicle, and yellow twisted cotyledons.—Herbs,
glass. The hardy perennial species are well adapted for orna-
shrubs, or trees. Leaves alternate, usually stalked, toothed,
menting flower-borders, but the dwarf kinds succeed best on
rock-work, or to be grown in pots, that they may be protected
or lobed. Villi usually stellately branched. Stipulas 2, at the
by a frame in severe weather, or from too much wet; they may sides of the leaves. Peduncles axillary, 1 or many-flowered,
.
be increased by dividing the plants at the root, by cuttings sometimes disposed in terminal racemose spikes in consequence of
planted under a hand-glass, or by seeds, which in most of the
leaves being absent. This order, before it was dis-
species ripen in abundance. The annual species only require
to be sown in the open ground in April.
membered from Bombàceæ and Byttneriàceæ, contained most of
the grandest flowers in nature. Even now the splendour of
II. RADIOLA (from radiolus, a little ray, in allusion to the
various species of Althæ'a, Hibiscus, &c. renders it a very re-
rayed capsules). Gmel. syst. 1. p. 289. D. C. prod. 1. p. 428. . markable group of plants, the greater part of which are
a
the upper
a
1

MALVACEÆ,
459
a
a
a
a
objects worthy of the gardener's care, particularly those which 9 URE'NA. Calyx girded by a 5-cleft involucel, especially
are hardy. In stoves and green-houses the species are parti- with the leaflets connected to the middle Anthers on the top
cularly liable to the attacks of the red spider, mealy bug, and of the staminiferous tube. Carpels 5, capsular, connivent, 1-
scale, a circumstance which makes them less generally esteemed seeded, usually echinated on the outside, with prickles, which are
than the beauty of many of them merits. The greater part of rayed at the apex.
the plants contained in this Order are clothed with stellate pu- 10 PAVÒNIA. Calyx girded by a 5-15-leaved involucel.
bescence, and a kidney-shaped, 1-celled anther is a character Stigmas 10. Carpels 5, capsular, 2-valved, 1-seeded.
common to the whole. These two peculiarities, together with 11 MALVAVI'Scus. Calyx girded by a many-leaved invo-
the alternate stipulate leaves, distinguish them from all the rest of lucel. Petals erect, convolute. Stigmas 10. Carpels 5, bac-
Thalamiflòre. All the species abound in a nutritive mucilage ; cate, 1-seeded, sometimes nearly distinct, but usually connate
a quality which renders the young heads of the Okro or Hibis- into a 5-celled fruit.
cus esculentus, an object of great value within the tropics as an 12 LEBRETÒNIA. Calyx 5-parted, girded by a shorter 5-
ingredient in soups. In Brazil the Abùliton esculentum serves parted involucel. Petals 5, exserted in part, twisted in æstiva-
the same purposes. The emollient properties of Altha'a offici- tion, with a spreading limb. Styles 10. Carpels 5 or only 4
4.
nàlis are well known to physicians. A decoction of the leaves from abortion, 1-seeded, indehiscent.
of Sphærálcea Cisplatına is used for similar objects in Brazil. 13 Hibiscus. Calyx girded by a many-leaved, rarely with
A species of Pavonia is employed in the same country as a diu- few-leaved involucel, distinct or connected with each other at
retic in the form of a decoction. The straight shoots of Sida the base. Petals not auricled. Stigmas 5. Carpels joined into
macrántha are employed as rocket-sticks at Rio Janeiro. The a 5-celled capsule, with the valves bearing a dissepiment on the
chewed leaves of Sìda carpinifolia allay the inflammation inside ; cells many, rarely 1-seeded. Seeds woolly or smooth.
occasioned by the stings of wasps. The tough fibres of many
14 PARI'TIUM. Calyx girded by a 7-10-12-toothed or lobed in-
Malvdceæ are manufactured into cordage. Their petals are as- volucel. Style 5-cleft. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, with a dis-
tringent, whence those of Hibiscus rosa-Sinensis are used in sepiment in the middle of each valve, many-seeded. Seed smooth.
China to blacken the eye-lashes, and the leather of shoes. The 15 LAGUNA'RIA. Calyx girded by an involucel, which is
fibrous threads, in which the seeds of Gossýpium are enveloped, almost reduced to a prominent, entire or toothed margin. Capsule
furnish the valuable cotton, an article of immense importance to 5-celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Cells
the world ; these threads, when examined by the microscope, many-seeded. Seeds smooth.
will be seen to be finely toothed, which explains the cause of 16 Thespe'sia. Calyx truncate, girded by a 3-leaved deci-
their adhering together with greater facility than those of Bombax duous involucel. Capsule 5-celled ; cells semi-partite, bearing
and several A pocýneæ, which are destitute of teeth, and which 4 seeds at the base, with an incomplete dissepiment. Albumen
cannot be
spun
into thread without the admixture of cotton. sparing
17 Gossy'PIUM. Calyx cup-shaped, bluntly 5-toothed, girded
Synopsis of the genera.
by a 3-leaved involucel (f. 83. a.) leaflets connected at the base,
cordate, jagged. Stigmas 3-5. Capsule 3-5-celled (f. 83. f.),
Division I. Calyx double, or girded by an involucrum.
many-seeded. Seeds enveloped in cotton (f. 83. g.).
1 MAʼLOPE. Calyx girded by a 3-leaved involucrum; leaflets 18 REDOUTE'A. Calyx 5-parted (f. 84. b.), girded by a
,
cordate. Carpels numerous, 1-seeded, disposed into a head. 10-12-leaved involucel (f. 84. a.), shorter than the calyx. Stig-
2 MA’LVA. Calyx girded by a 3-leaved involucrum, rarely mas 3 (f. 84. g.). Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved (f. 84. h.) many-
by a 5-6-leaved one ; leaflets oblong or setaceous. Carpels cap-
seeded. Placentas 3, alternating with the valves, bearing
sular, 1-seeded, verticillate, disposed in an orbicular head. woolly seeds (f. 84. i.) on all sides. Anthers in bundles (f. 84. d.).
3 SPHÆRA'LCEA. Calyx girded by a 3-leaved involucel. 19 FUGO'SIA. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 85. a.), girded by a very
Carpels, 2-3-seeded, verticillate, collected into a round head. short 12-leaved setaceous involucel. Anthers few, disposed as
4 Modi'OLA. Calyx girded by a 3-leaved involucel. Car- it were in a whorl on the middle of the staminiferous tube (f.
pels bicuspidate, 2-seeded, disposed in a whorl.
85. d.). Stigmas 1-3-4 (f. 85. e.). Capsule 3-celled, globose ;
5 KITAIBE'LIA. Calyx girded by a 7-9-cleft involucel. Car- cells 3-5-seeded (f. 85. h. i.). Seeds covered with short wool.
pels capsular, 1-seeded, disposed into a 5-lobed head.
20 Se'rra. Calyx 5-toothed, small, girded by a 3-leaved
-
6 Althưa. Calyx girded by a 6-9-cleft involucel. Carpels involucel; leaflets cordate, entire. Anthers about 10, stipitate,
capsular, 1-seeded, disposed into a globular head.
on the top and sides of the tube, with a 4-5-crenate membrane
7 LavaTE'RA. Calyx girded by a 3-5-cleft involucel ; leaflets under the ovary. Stigmas 5. Capsule 2-celled ? 10-seeded.
usually connected together to the middle. Carpels capsular,
21 Lopl’MIA. Involucel 20-leaved, longer than the calyx ;
1-seeded, disposed into an orb around the axis.
leaflets setaceous, connivent. Corolla flat. Column of stamens
8 MALA'CHRA. General involucrum 3-5-leaved, girding a somewhat deflexed. Stigmas 10. Anthers 30-40. Capsule of
head of flowers. Calyx girded by a proper 8-12-leaved invo- 5 carpels; carpels 1-seeded, close, covered with viscid mucilage.
lucel ; leaflets linear, or bristle-formed. Carpels 5, capsular, 22 PolychLÆ'NA. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by a many-leaved,
1-seeded, disposed into a globular head.
setaceous involucel. Capsule 5-celled, cells 1-seeded.
a
a
3 N 2

460
MALVACEÆ. I. MALOPE. II. Malva.
a
Division II. Calyx without an involucel.
lary, 1-flowered. O. H. Native about Mogodor. Flowers
large, purple, like those of a common Mallow.
23 PALA'VIA. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Carpels capsular, nu- Large-stipuled Malope. Fl. July, Sept. Pl. 1 foot.
merous, 1-seeded, disposed into a head without
any
order.
3 M. TRIFIDA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 85. t. 27. f. 2.) leaves 3-
24 CRISTA'RIA. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Fruit orbiculately-
nerved, trifid, toothed, glabrous; lobes acuminated; peduncles
axillary, 1-flowered. O. H. Native of Portugal, Spain, and
depressed, covered with a thin pellicle, composed of numerous
Mauritania, in meadows. Flowers large, purple.
1-seeded carpels, bearing 2 wings in the centre.
Trifid-leaved Malope. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1808. Pl. 1
25 A'NODA. Calyx naked, 5-cleft; lobes acuminated, spread- to 2 feet.
ing when in fruit. Capsule somewhat hemispherical beneath,
4 M. MULTIFLORA (Trig. in Cav. diss. 2. p. 85.) leaves round-
depressed above and star-formed, many-celled, especially with
ish, crenated, villous ; Aowers 3-4, axillary. Ó. H. Native
of Portugal and Spain. Flowers small, white.
1-celled, 1-seeded, connate carpels.
Many-flowered Malope. Pl. į foot.
26 Peri'PTERA. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Petals erect, spirally Cult. The seeds of these beautiful plants only require to be
twisted into a tube, at length free. Capsule stellately many- sown in the open border about the beginning or middle of April.
celled ; cells 1-seeded.
27 Sida. Calyx naked, 5-cleft, usually angular. Styles mul- II. MA'LVA (altered by the Latins from the Greek word
;
tifid at the top. Carpels capsular, 5-40, 1-seeded, seldom blad- pałaxn, malache, soft, which comes from palacow, to soften
in allusion to the soft mucilaginous qualities of the species).
dery, disposed in a whorl around the axis, more or less connected
Lin. gen. no. 841. Lam. ill. t. 582. D. C. prod. 1. p.
430.
with each other, or wholly connected into a many-celled capsule. Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded
28 ABU'TILON. Calyx naked, 5-cleft, usually angular. Styles by a 3-leaved involucrum, or rarely with a 5 or 6-leaved in-
multifid at the apex. Carpels capsular, 5-30, many-seeded,
volucrum ; leaflets oblong or setaceous. Carpels capsular,
usually bladdery, disposed in a whorl around the axis, so closely
many, disposed in a round head. Many of the species are shewy.
Málva was an excellent vegetable among the Romans, but what
connected with each other as to form a many-celled capsule.
species is uncertain, and the Chinese use some sort of Mallow
29 Nutta'lLIA. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Anthers numerous.
as food.
Stigmas numerous, filiform. Carpels numerous, disposed into
a ring or whorl, 1-seeded, not opening spontaneously.
Sect. I. Malva'RTRUM (a name altered from Málva). D. C.
30 LAGUNE'A. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Anthers on the top
prod. 1.
p. 430. Carpels 1-celled, 1-seeded.
and sides of the tube. Stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved; $ 1. Chrysanthæ (from xovoos, chrysos, gold, and avoos,
valves with a dissepiment in the middle, separable, standing anthos, a flower; because all the species contained in this sec-
above the filiform central axis.
tion have yellow flowers). D. C. prod. 1. p. 430. Leaves
31 INGENHOU'ZIA. Calyx naked, 3-parted ; lobes ovate,
undivided. Flowers small, yellow, almost sessile in the axils of the
lan-
upper leaves, and sometimes apparently in spikes, in consequence
ceolate, acuminated. Petals 5. Urceolus campanulate, situated
of the upper leaves being wanting. .
within the petals. Stamens numerous, monadelphous. Style 1.
32 EURYA'NTHE. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens
,
1 M. TRICUSPIDA'TA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 210.)
indefinite, hardly connected at the base. Style 1. Capsule 3-
leaves oblong or ovate, acute, serrated ; flowers axillary, glo-
merate ; carpels tricuspidate. 3.S. Native of Jamaica. M.
celled, 3-valved, many-seeded; valves with a dissepiment in the
Americana, Cav. diss. 2. t. 22. f. 2. M. carpinifolia, Desr. in
middle of each.
Lam. dict. enc. 3. p. 754. M. Coromandeliana, Willd. Swartz,
Sida Jamaicensis, Mill.
Division I. Calyx double, or girded by an involucrum. Var. ß, subtriloba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 430.) leaves somewhat
3-lobed. M. Antillàrum, Zucc. obs. no. 79.
I. MAʼLOPE (from palos, tender ; soft leaves). Lin. gen. Tricuspidate-carpelled Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1726.
no. 843. Lam. ill. t. 583. D. C. prod. 1. p. 429.
Pl. 1 foot.
LIN. SYST.
Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded 2 M. AMERICA'NA (Lin. spec. 968.) leaves ovate, acute, cre-
by a 3-leaved involucrum ; leaflets cordate. Carpels many, 1. nately serrated, rather pilose ; flowers axillary, generally solitary,
seeded, collected into a head. Herbs resembling Málva, with or in terminal capitate spikes ; carpels awnless. O. H. Native
large purplish or small white flowers.
of St. Domingo. M. ulmifolia, Balb. herb. M. Curassávica,
1 M. MALACOI'DES (Lin. spec. 974.) leaves ovate, crenated; sti- Desrous, in Lam. dict. enc. 3. p. 754. .
pulas oblong-linear ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. O. H. Na- American Mallow. Fl. July. Clt. 1756. Pl. 1 foot.
tive of Italy, Provence, Spain, Mauritania, and the island of Scio, 3 M. SCA'BRA (Cav. diss. 5. t. 138. f. 1.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
in meadows. Sweet, fl. gard. icon. Cav. diss. t. 37. f. 1.—Sabb. late, coarsely toothed, obsoletely 3-lobed, under surface as well
hort. 1. t. 50.—Moris, hist. 2. p. 522, sect. 3. t. 17. f. 11.- as branches scabrous with stellate hairs ; peduncles axillary,
Bocc. sicil. 15. t. 8. f. 2. Barrel. icon. t. 1189. Flowers purplish. generally 2-flowered. ħ. G. Native of Peru in arid places.
Var. ß, sinuàta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 429.) leaves some obtusely. M. scopària, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 139. M. corchorifòlia, Desrous
trifid, others sinuated or pinnatifid. o.H. Native of Mauritania. in Lam. dict. enc. 3. p. 743. M. Lagàscæ, Cat. hort. taur.
-Cav. diss. t. 27. letter X. Intermediate between M.malacoides 1821. p. 36 ? There is a variety with sessile flowers.
and M. stipulàcea. Flowers large, purplish-violet, like those Scabrous Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. Shrub 4 ft.
of a species of Mallow.
4 M. scopa'ria (Lher. stirp. t. 27.) leaves ovate, crenately-
Mallow-like Malope. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1710. Pl. 11 ft. serrated, under surface as well as branches somewhat velvety
2 M. STIPULA'CEA (Cav. ann. cienc. nat. 3. p. 74.) leaves from stellate down; flowers axillary, crowded. Þ.G. Native
ovate, crenated; stipulas cordate, ovate, acute; peduncles axil- of Peru. Cav. diss. 2. p. 65. t. 21. f. 4. Racemes axillary.
-

MALVACEÆ. II. MALVA.
461
h.s.
Broom Mallow. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1782. Shrub 6 feet. Gangetic Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. . Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
5 M. BORBO'NICA (Willd. enum. 728.) leaves ovate, acute, 16 M, DOMINGE'NSIS (Spreng. in herb. Balb. D. C. prod. 1.
grossly and unequally toothed, clothed with starry pubescence, p. 431.) plant dwarf; leaves ovate, toothed, adult ones smooth-
upper
leaves cuneated at the base ; flowers axillary and in spikesish, younger ones, footstalks, and branchlets pilose; flowers
at the tops of the branches. his. Native of Mauritius and axillary, solitary, on short pedicels ; carpels hispid, tricuspi-
Bourbon.
date. 2. S. Native of St. Domingo.
Bourbon Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 5 ft. St. Domingo Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 foot.
.
6 M. POLYSTA'CHYA (Cav. diss. 5. t. 138. f. 3.) leaves ovate- 17 M. SUBTRI’LOBA (Lag. nov. gen. et spec. 21.) leaves cor-
acuminated, serrated, scabrous; flowers axillary, and in spikes date, angularly-subhastate, crenated ; peduncles axillary, very
at the tops of the branches; capsules 12, glabrous, awnless. short, 3 or many-flowered ; carpels 8 or 9, very smooth, awn-
h.G. Native of Peru. M. vetulina, Desrous. in Lam. dict. less. h.G. Native of New Spain. Allied to M. spicàta and
enc. 3.
p.
754.
M. scopària.
Many-spiked Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub 4 feet.
Sub-three-lobed-leaved Mallow. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
7 M. TimoriE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 430.) leaves ovate,
rather cordate, toothed, and are as well as branches clothed with
§ 2. Cymbalàriæ (from kvußn, kymbe, a boat; in allusion to
starry rough hairs; flowers disposed in long cylindrical spikes ;
the round concave leaves.) D. C. prod. 1, p. 431. Flowers pur-
capsules 8-12, bearded at the apex, awnless. n. S. Native ple
or white. Pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, solitary. Outer
of the islands of Timor and Java.
calyx 3-leaved. Leaves roundish. Stems herbaceous.
Timor Mallow. Shrub 6 feet.
18 M. LEPRÒSA (Ort. dec. 8. p. 95.) leaves kidney-shaped,
8 M. RUDERA`LIS (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. broadly crenated, and are as well as branches leprously white;
p
647.) leaves ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, grossly serrated, stems prostrate; peduncles longer than the footstalks. 4. S.
rather pilose above and strigose beneath, as well as the branches; Native of Cuba. Flowers purple.
flowers axillary and glomerate at the tops of the branches; Leprous Mallow. Fl. May, July.
Fl. May, July. Clt. 1815. Pl. prostrate.
carpels pointed at the apex, but bicuspidate at the base.
19 M. SHERARDIA'NA (Lin. spec. 1675.) leaves orbicular,
Native of Java.
cordate, velvety-tomentose, crenated; stems prostrate; pedicels
Rubbish Mallow. Shrub 6 feet,
.
arched, longer than the footstalks. 2. H. Native of Bithynia.
9 M. SPICA'TA (Lin. spec. 967.) leaves roundish, somewhat Cav. diss. 2. t. 26. f. 4.—Till. pis. 108. t. 35. f. 2.-Buxb.
cordate, upper surface scabrous with stellate down, under sur- cent. app. 46. f. 32. Flowers small, red.
face tomentose; flowers disposed in terminal spikes ; capsules Sherard's Mallow. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. prostrate.
14, glabrous, awnless. Þ. S. Native of Jamaica. Cav. diss. 20 M. CYMBALARIÆFÒLIA (Desrous. in Lam. dict. enc. 3. p.
2. t. 20. f. 4. M. sublobàta, Desr. in Lam. dict. ency.-Sloane, 753.) leaves cordate, roundish, obsoletely 5-lobed, crenated,
hist. 1. p. 219. Lower flowers axillary, solitary.
rather glabrous; stem decumbent ? rather villous; pedicels
Spiked-flowered Mallow. Fl. Sept. Oct. Cít. 1726. Shrub longer than the footstalks.— Native of ? Flowers white or red.
2 to 3 feet.
Boat-leaved Mallow. Pl. decumbent.
10 M. ova'ta (Cav. diss. 2. p. 80. t. 20. f. 2.) shrubby ; leaves 21 M. CRETICA (Cav. diss. 5. t. 138. f. 2.) leaves cordate,
dentately serrated, cuneate-lanceolate, pubescent on both sur- roundish, 5-angled, crenated, villous ; pedicels longer than the
faces : flowers disposed in oblong, terminal spikes ; carpels 10,
footstalks ; stem erect. O. H. Native of Crete. Flowers
awnless. n. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro.
purple and white. The whole plant is villous.
Ovate-spiked Mallow. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
Cretan Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl. 1 foot.
11 M. SUBHASTA'TA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 72. t. 21. f. 3.) leaves
ovate, acuminate, somewhat hastate, obsoletely 3-lobed, grossly
§ 3. Bibracteolàtæ (from bis, twice, and bractea, a bractea; in
toothed, and are as well as branches hairy; peduncles solitary,
allusion to 2-leaved involucrum,) D. C. prod. 1. p. 431. Flowers
Outer calyx of two leaves. Pedicels axillary,
axillary, length of footstalks. h. S. Native of Brazil and purple or white.
Peru.
1-flowered. Stems herbaceous.
Subhastate-leaved Mallow. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
22 M. HISPA'NICA (Lin. spec. 970.) leaves semi-orbicular,
12 M. TOMENTO'SA (Lin. spec. 967.) leaves cordate, crenated, crenated, upper ones somewhat rhomboidal ; stems erect, hairy.
obtuse, and are as well as branches tomentose; flowers lateral, O. H. Native of Spain and Mauritania. Desf. atl. 2. t. 170.
crowded. h. S. Native of the East Indies.Pluk. amalt. Corolla large, flesh-coloured. The whole plant is hairy.
t. 356. f. 1.?
Var. B, spithàmea (Cav. diss. 2. t. 18. f. 3.) leaves small,
Tomentose Mallow. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1820. Sh. 3 feet. roundish, crenulated.
13 M. WALTHERIFOʻLIA (Link. enum. 2. p. 209.) leaves some- Spanish Mallow. Fl. July. Clt. 1710. Pl. 1 foot.
what cordate, acute, toothed, under surface tomentose; flowers 23 M. STIPULA'CEA (Cav. diss. 2. t. 15. f. 2.) lower leaves 3-
sessile ; lobes of calyx ovate; leaflets of involucrum very nar- lobed, very entire, upper ones multifid ; segments trifid, and
Native of Java. Leaves hoary on the under toothed at the apex; stipulas lanceolate, longer than the foot-
surface. Corolla larger than the calyx.
stalks. O. H. Native of Spain.—Asso, array. t. 5. f. 1.
Waltheria-leaved Mallow. Clt. 1824. Pl. 14 foot.
Flowers purple. Stems declinate.
14 M. TRACHELIIFOʻLIA (Link. enum. 2. p. 209.) leaves cor- Large stipuled Mallow. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1815. Pl. 1} ft.
date, acuminated, serrated, scabrous, lower ones lobed ; pedun- 24 M. CUNEIFÒLIA (Cav. diss. 2. t. 20. f. 1.) leaves obovately-
cles axillary; flowers capitate. O. H. Native of ? Leaves cuneiform, repand, truncate at the apex, villous ; pedicels longer
on long footstalks. Calyx hairy. Corolla larger than the calyx. than the footstalks. O? H. Native of ? Flowers purple.
Throat-wort-leaved Mallow.
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. Wedge-leaved Mallow. Pl. 1 foot.
Pl. 1} foot.
25 M. PAPA'ver (Cav. diss. 2. t. 15. f. 3.) leaves 3 or 5-
15 M. GANGE'TICA (Lin. spec. 967.) leaves cordate, obtuse, parted; segments entire, linear, ciliated. O? H. Native of
glabrous; flowers sessile, glomerate; carpels 10, awnless, cre- Portugal. Flowers almost like those of Papàver Rhoe's.
nulated. O. H. Native of the East Indies.—Pluk, phyt. t. Poppy-flowered Mallow. Pl. 1 foot.
74. f. 6. Allied to M. tricuspidata.
26 M. ÆGY'ptia (Lin. spec. 971.) leaves 3-parted ; segments
row.
2. S.
.

462
MALVACEÆ. II. MALÝA.
quinquifid, toothed at the apex ; stems erect; corolla a little the leaves; sepals acuminated. 0. H. Native of Spain.
smaller than the calyx. 0. H. Native of Egypt, Mauritania, Stems prostrate, hairy. Flowers large, whitish-rose-coloured.
and Spain. Cav. diss. 2. t. 17. f. 1. M. diphylla, Monch. Var. B, hirsùta (Ten. prod. 40.) lower leaves roundish-cor-
Flowers pale-blue or purple.
date, 7-lobed, the rest 5-parted. O. H. Native of Sicily,
Egyptian Mallow. F1. June, July. Clt. 1739. Pl. 1 foot. Stems prostrate. Flowers large, rose-coloured.
27 M. TRIFIDA (Cav. diss. 5. t. 137. f. 2.) leaves 3-parted ; Althæa-like Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. trailing.
segments trifid, linear, obtuse ; stems erect; corolla longer than 35 M. FASTIGIATA (Cav. diss. 2. t. 23. f. 2.) leaves cordate,
the ciliated calyx. O. H. Native of Spain. Flowers purple. 5-lobed, acuminated, unequally toothed, with the middle lobe
Trifid-leaved Mallow. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1815. Pl. to ft. longer, and are as well as the erect stem tomentose from stellate
tomentum ; pedicels axillary, approximating into a terminal co-
§ 4. Bismálve (meaning unknown). Medik. DC. prod. 1. rymb. O.H. Native of the mountains of Auvergne. Flowers
p. 432. Flowers purple or white. Pedicels axillary, solitary,
Pedicels axillary, solitary, large, rose-coloured. D. C. fl. fr. no. 4510.
1-flowered. Involucrum 3-leaved. Leaves many-parted. Stems
Var. B, lobàta (Cav. diss. 2. t. 18. f. 4.) leaves somewhat cor-
herbaceous.
date, crenated; flowers somewhat spiked. O. H. Native of
Spain. Petals large, purplish. Leaves 5-lobed.
28 M. TOURNEFORTIA'NA (Lin. spec. 971.) leaves many- Var. y, Albulensis (Cav. diss. 2. t. 34. f. 3.) upper leaves
parted; lobes trifid, linear; stems decumbent; hairs almost cuneiform at the base. O.H. Native of Spain.
wanting or in starry fascicles. O.H. Native of Provence and Fastigiate-flowered Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl.
Spain by the sea-side. Cav. diss. 2. t. 17. f. 3. M. marítima, 1 to 2 feet.
Lam. fl. fr. 3. p. 140. Stems prostrate, and much branched at 36 M. RIBIFÒLIA (Viv. fl. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 1.
the base. Flowers purple
p. 506.) stems erect, rough from simple and stellate hairs;
Var. B, ciliàta (Dufour, in litt.) stem erect, rather dwarf. lower leaves cordate, 5-lobed, upper ones 5-cleft, and palmately
O. H. Native of Spain.
lobed, beset with stellate pubescence beneath; peduncles soli-
Tournefort's Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Pl. J ft. tary, longer than the leaves ; petals 3 times higher than the
29 M. Alcea (Lin. spec. 971.) lower leaves angular, upper calyx. 4. H. Native of Corsica.
ones 5-parted, cut; stems and calyxes roughish-velvety from Gooseberry-leaved Mallow. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
stellate down. 4. H. Native of many parts of Europe, par- . 37 M. CIRCINA'TA (Viv. Al. cors. app. in Schlecht. Linnæa.
ticularly France and Germany. Cav. diss. 2. t. 17. f. 2. Sims, 1. p. 506.) stem erect, with a few scattered hairs; leaves cor-
bot. mag. t. 2197.-Blackw. t. 309. Flowers pale purple. date, crenulated, lower ones kidney-shaped, upper ones circin-
Alcea or Vervain Mallow. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1797. Pl. ate, 6-lobed ; petioles hispid above; peduncles solitary, l.
4 feet.
flowered, not half so long as the petioles; outer leaflets of the
30 M. More'ni (Poll. veron. 1816.) lower leaves 5-lobed, calyx oblong, inner ones ovate, acute, 4 times shorter than the
,
upper ones palmately 5-cleft, with the lobes toothed ; stems and corolla. O. H. Native of Corsica. Like M. Nicæénsis.
calyxes roughish-velvety, with stellate hairs. 4. H. Native Circinate-leaved Mallow. Pl. 1 foot.
of Italy. M. alceoides, Ten. cat. 1819. p. 55. Hook, bot. mag.
.
2793. Flowers red, disposed in terminal corymbs.
§ 5. Fasciculàta, D. C. prod. 1. p. 432. Flowers purple or
Moreni's Mallow. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1820.
Clt. 1820. Pl. 2-3 feet.
white. Leaves angular, cordate, 5-nerved. Pedicels axillary, nu-
31 M. ITA’LICA (Poll. pl. veron. 1816.) stems erect, hairy ;
merous, 1-flowered. Outer calyx 3-leaved. Stems herbaceous.
lower leaves somewhat kidney-shaped, 5-lobed, upper ones 5- 38 M. TOMENTE’LLA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append. p. 257.)
parted, all toothed and roughish. 4. H. Native of Italy. plant covered with stellate tomentum; stem prostrate; leaves
Flowers purple.
orbicular, cordate, obtuse, 5-angled, toothed ; peduncles shorter
Italian Mallow. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1829. Pl. 3 feet. than the petioles. O? H. Native of Sicily. Flowers red.
32 M. MOSCHA'TA (Lin. spec. 971.) lower leaves kidney- Sub-tomentose Mallow. Fl. June, July. Pl. prostrate.
shaped, cut, cauline ones with 5-deeply pinnatifid, jagged seg- 39 M. MAURITIA'NA (Lin. spec. 970.) stem erect ; leaves 5-
ments; stems and calyxes scabrous from simple hairs. 4.8. lobed, obtuse; pedicels and footstalks smoothish.
, O.H. Na.
Native of many parts of Europe. In Britain in grassy borders tive of Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Cav. diss. 2. t. 25. f. 2.
of fields, and by way sides on a gravelly soil. Smith, eng. bot. M. obtusa, Monch. Flowers deep purple.
754. Curt. lond. 4. t. 50. Fl. dan. 907. Cav. diss. 2. t. 18. f. 1. Var. B, Sinensis (Cav. diss. 2. t. 25. f. 4.) stem reclinate, very
Flowers rose-coloured.
smooth. M. glabra, Desrous. in dict. enc. 3. p. 752. Flowers
Var. B, laciniàta (Desrous. in dict. enc. 3. p. 750.) lower purple.
leaves as well as upper ones deeply divided into 5 pinnatifid, Mauritanian Mallow. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1768. Pl. 4 to 6 ft.
jagged segments.-Moris. ox. sect. 5. t. 18. f. 4. M. tenuifòlia, 40 M. SYLVE'STRIS (Lin. spec. 969.) stem erect; leaves 5-7-
Sav. cent. p. 122. M. moschata ß, undulàta, Sims, bot. mag. lobed, acute; pedicels as well as footstalks pilose.
2298. Flowers white. The musky scent of these two plants Native of most parts of Europe about hedges, road sides, and in
undoubtedly proceeds from the herbage, not from the flowers. cultivated as well as in waste ground. Common in Britain.
Musk-scented Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. Pl. 1 to 11 ft. Smith, engl. bot. t. 671. Curt. A. lond. fasc. 2. t. 51. Woodv.
33 M. PURPURA'TA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1362.) plant pubescent, t. 54. Fl. dan. t. 1223. Cav. diss. 2. t. 26. f. 2. M. vulgaris,
ascending ; lower leaves 5-cleft, upper ones trifid ; segments Ten. prod. A. neap. Flowers purple, veiny. The whole plant,
fl
usually trifid, lobes forked, obtuse ; peduncles solitary, axil- but especially the root, yields in decoction a plentiful, tasteless,
lary, longer than the petioles. 4. F. Native of Chili in the colourless mucilage, very salutary in cases of internal irritation.
Cumbre, a pass in the Andes. Petals purplish.
Petals purplish. An elegant Decoctions of the
leaves are sometimes employed in dysenteries,
ascending plant with fine leaves.
heat, and sharpness of urine, and in general for obstructing acri-
Purplish-flowered Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. Pl.
-
monious humours; but their principal use is in emollient glys-
prostrate.
ters, cataplasms, and fomentations.
34 M, ALTHÆOI'Des (Cav. diss. 2. t. 135.) leaves palmate ; Var. B. albiflòra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 432.) lobes of leaves
lobes lanceolate, toothed; hairs simple; pedicels longer than blunter; flowers white. M. venata, Hortul.
-
3. H.

MALVACEÆ. II. MALVA.
463
. I
-
Wild or Common Mallow. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. Pl. 1 49 M. HIRSU'TA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. append. p. 257.)
to 4 feet.
stem erect, branched, very hairy; leaves orbicularly-cordate,
41 M. Rodi'gII (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 89.) stem dif- denticulated, tomentose on both surfaces, lower ones somewhat
fuse, smooth and suffruticose at the base; leaves semi-orbicular, angular, upper ones 5-lobed, obtuse ; peduncles 4 together,
5-lobed, crenate, smooth ; peduncles tern, axillary; sepals
,
sepals hairy, erectly-spreading, 3-times shorter than the petioles ; cap-
ciliated; capsules tomentose. 4? H. Native of Saxony. sules wrinkled, tomentose. O. H. Native of Sicily.
Flowers purplish.
Hairy Mallow. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Rodige's Mallow. Pl. 1 to 2 feet?
50 N. BIVONIA'NA (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. p. 257.) plant
42 M. HENNI'NGII (Goldb. in act. mosc. 5. p. 133.) stem dif-
p
covered with stellate pubescence ; stem erect ; leaves cordately-
fuse ; leaves somewhat kidney-shaped, very bluntly 7-lobed ; orbicular, bluntly angled ; peduncles aggregate, very short, pu-
pedicels and petioles smoothish; petals not exceeding the calyx; bescent, bent ; capsules tomentose. ©? H. Native of Sicily.
carpels wrinkled. 4. H.
Native about Moscow, frequent. Bivoni's Mallow. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
Petals white, tipped with red.
51 M. PARVIFLÓRA (Lin. amoen. 3. p. 416.) stem spreading ;
Henninge's Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 foot. leaves roundish, bluntly angular, crenated, smoothish ; flowers
43 M. ROTUNDIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 969.) stems prostrate ; leaves axillary, almost sessile, glomerate; corolla hardly longer than the
;
cordate, orbicular, very bluntly 5-7-lobed; fructiferous pedicels calyx.
calyx. 0. H. Native of the south of France and Mauritania.
bent downwards, and are pubescent as well as footstalks ; corolla Jacq. hort
. vind. t. 39. Cav. diss. 2. p. 68. t. 26. f. 1.—Pluk.
twice the size of the calyx. 0. H.
O. H. Native of most parts of phyt. 44. f. 2. Flowers small, reddish. Carpels wrinkled above,
Europe in waste ground, and by way sides in towns or villages, with toothed margins.
frequent; common in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1092. Curt. Small-flowered Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1779. Pl.
lond. fasc. 3. t. 43. Fl. dan. t. 721. Cav. diss. 2. t. 26. f. 3. decumbent, 2 feet long.
Flowers pale lilac-coloured; but that said to be a native in cul- 52 M. VERTICILLA'TA (Lin. spec. 970.) stem erect; leaves
tivated grounds from Pennsylvania to Carolina has white flowers. cordate, rather orbicular, bluntly angular; flowers axillary,
Var. B. pusilla (Smith, engl. bot. t. 241.) petals hardly larger glomerate, sessile ; calyxes scabrous, rather inflated; carpels
than the calyx. M. parviflòra, Huds. angl. 307. but not of Lin. smoothish. O.H. Native of China. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 40.
Flowers paler than in var. a. Native of England, near Hythe in Cav. diss. 2. t. 25. f. 3. M. glomeràta, Hortul. Flowers small,
Kent. M. borealis, Liljeb.
white, but purplish at the tip, almost sessile.
Var. y, crenata (Kit. in litt.) petals hardly larger than the
Y
Whorled-flowered Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1683. Pl.
calyx; leaves undivided, crenate-serrated. O. H. Native of 1 to 2 feet.
Hungary in ground impregnated with salt. Flowers lilac. Per- 53 M. CHINE'NSIS (Mill. dict. no. 5.) stem erect, herbaceous
haps a proper species.
leaves somewhat orbicular, obsoletely 5-lobed; flowers crowded,
Round-leaved Mallow. Fl. June, Sept. Britain. Pl. pros- sessile. 0. H. Native of China.
Native of China. Perhaps M. verticillata.
trate.
Flowers reddish or white, tipped with red.
44 M. NODÒsa (Wahl. in isis. 1828. vol. 21. p. 971.) pilose;
.
Chinese Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
stem prostrate; leaves 5-7-lobed, acutish, toothed; peduncles 54 M. MAREO'TICA (Delil. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 433.) stem
solitary or twin ; carpels knotted, and are as well as the column erect ; leaves half round, 5-nerved, crenated, upper ones slightly
hairy. O. H. Native of Turkey about Constantinople. Flowers lobed; flowers somewhat aggregated into a terminal head, almost
like those of M. rotundifolia, but the fruit is double the size, sessile ; calyxes inflated, 5-cleft; lobes broadish, mucronate,
with very prominent knots in the middle.
entire; carpels reticulated, pubescent. O. H. Native of
Knotted-carpelled Mallow. Fl. June, July. Pl. prostrate.
-
Egypt. Flowers purplish ?
45 M. ARVE'nsis (Presl. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 90.) stem Mareotic Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822.
"
Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
prostrate; leaves cordately-orbicular, angularly-lobed ; pedun- 55 M. TRIONOIDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 433.) stem erect;
cles axillary, aggregate ; corolla twice the length of the ciliated leaves half-round, 5-nerved, crenate-toothed, upper ones slightly
calyx ; capsules wrinkled, pubescent. 0. H. Native of Sicily.
Native of Sicily. lobed ; flowers almost sessile, approximating into a terminal
Corn-field Mallow. Pl. prostrate.
head ; calyxes inflated, 5-cleft; lobes lanceolate, acuminate,
46 M. BRASILIE'NSIS (Desrous. in dict. enc. 3. p. 744.) stems ciliary-serrated ; carpels very hairy. O. H. Native ? Leaflets
diffuse; leaves orbicular, cordate, 7-lobed, soft, villous; lobes of involucel setaceous.
acutish; flowers aggregate, stalked; leaflets of involucel seta- Trionum-like Mallow. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
O. H. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers 56 M. CRI'SPA (Lin, spec. 970.) stem erect; leaves angular,
purplish.
toothed, curled, glabrous; flowers axillary, sessile. O. H.
Brazilian Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. foot. Native of Syria. Cav. diss. 2. t. 23. f. 1. Flowers white, but
47 M. Nicæe'nsis (All. ped. no. 1416.) stems prostrate ;
NICÆE'NSIS .
pale-purple at the tip, almost sessile.
leaves angular, 5-lobed, acute ; pedicels 3-4, erect, 4 times Curled-leaved Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1573. Pl. 2
shorter than the footstalks; calyxes pilose, shorter than the to 6 feet.
corolla.
O. H. Native by road sides about Nice and in 57 M. FLEXUÒSA (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 655.) stems pros-
Spain. Cav. diss. 2. t. 25. f. 1. Flowers white, purplish at trate, flexuous; leaves cordate, orbicular, 7-lobed, crenated ;
flowers axillary, sessile, few. 0. H. Native of ? Flowers
Var. B, montàna (Forsk. descr. 124.) leaves soft, villous. white, purple at the tip, almost sessile.
O. H. Native of Egypt.
Flexuous-stemmed Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl.
Nice Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. Pl. prostrate.
.
prostrate.
48 M. MICROCA'RPA (Desf. cat. hort. par.) stem erect ; leaves 58 M. GERANIOIDES (Schlecht, et Cham. in Linnæa. 5. p. 226.)
cordate, roundish, somewhat 5-lobed, crenated, glabrous; pedi- herbaceous ; stems diffuse, canescently-tomentose from fascicles
cels generally in pairs, shorter than the footstalks ; corolla ex- of long hairs ; leaves triangular, trifid, beset with simple hairs
ceeding the calyx a little. 0. H. Native of Egypt. Pers. above, middle-lobe 3-5-lobed, lateral ones 2-lobed ; calyx
ench. 2. p. 251. A small plant, with purplish flowers.
closed; clusters of flowers stalked. O. H. Native of Mexico.
Small-fruited Mallow. Fl. Ju. Sept. cit. 1823. Pl. I to 1 ft. Geranium-like Mallow. Fl. June, July. Pl. diffuse.
;
3
ceous.
the top
3

464
MALVACEÆ. II. MALVA.
-
.
Twiggy
59 M. TENE’LLA (Cav. icon. 5. t. 422. f. 3.) stem trailing; leaves oblong, very blunt, s-lobed, toothed, villous. ħ. G.
leaves 3-lobed, crenated ; flowers axillary, sessile, aggregate ; M. triloba, Thunb. prod. 118. Flowers yellow or pink.
corolla hardly larger than the calyx. 0. H.
O. H. Native of Chili Retuse-leaved Mallow. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1803. Shrub
on the Cordilleras. Flowers pale-blue. A small plant.
4 feet.
Weak Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. trailing.
70 M. CALYCI'NA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 81. t. 22. f. 4.) pedicels
60 M. BONARIE'NSIS (Cav. diss. 2. t. 22. f. 1.) stem erect, solitary, 1-flowered, twice as long as the leaves ; leaflets of outer
tomentose, branched ; leaves 3-lobed ; lobes unequally crenate- calyx ovate, acute, large ; leaves cordate, crenated, clothed with
toothed; flowers glomerate, axillary, nearly sessile, small. O. H. rough hairs. Þ.G. Ker. bot. reg. 297. Flowers pale red.
Native of Buenos Ayres in the fields. Flowers white or red. Large-calyxed Mallow. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. Sh. 4 ft.
Buenos Ayrean Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft.
. 71 M. FRA GRANS (Jacq. hort. vind. 3. t. 35.) pedicels 1-
flowered, solitary, length of petioles; leaflets of outer calyx
§ 6. Capénses, D. C. prod. 1. p. 433. Flowers purplish or
lanceolate; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, toothed; branches red,
white. Leaves angularly lobed. Stems shrubby. Outer calyx clammy. h. G. Cav. diss. 2. p. 72. t. 23. f. 3. Ker. bot.
or involucel 3-leaved. Pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, rarely in
reg. 296. M. scabròsa, Lin. amoen. acad. 4. p. 343. Flowers red.
, .
twos or threes, or 2-3-flowered.-N. B. Many of the species of
Fragrant Mallow. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub 6 ft.
this section are probably varieties or hybrids originated by cul-
72 M. STRICTA (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. p. 294.) pedicels soli-
ture. All natives of the Cape of Good Hope.
tary, 1-flowered, length of petioles ; leaflets of outer calyx
rather linear ; leaves ovate, slightly 3-lobed, toothed, hairy.
61 M. AM@'NA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1998.) pedicels 1-flowered, Þ.G. Corolla white, veined with red at the base.
aggregate, shorter than the leaves ; leaflets of outer calyx ovate, Straight Mallow. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1805. Shrub 6 feet.
acuminated; leaves 5-lobed, pilose, wrinkled. Þ.G. Flowers
73 M. BRYONIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 968.) pedicels solitary, 1 or
purple. This is an elegant plant.
2-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; leaves cordate, slightly
Pleasing Mallow. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1796. Shrub 2 to 5-lobed, blunt, clothed with very rough starry hairs.
h. G.
4 feet.
M. reflexa, Wendl. hort. herrenh. 1. t. 4. M. stellàta, Thunb.
62 M. VIRGA'TA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 70. t. 18. f. 2.) pedicels 1- prod. 119.? Flowers purple or red?
flowered, solitary or in pairs, longer than the footstalks; leaflets Bryony-leaved Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Sh. 4 ft.
of outer calyx linear ; leaves 3-lobed, crenated, glabrous, rigid. 74 M. GROSSULARIÆFO'LIA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 71. t. 24. f. 2.)
.H.G. Murr. in comm. got. 1779. p. 20. t. 6. M. Capensis, pedicels solitary, 1 or 3-flowered, longer than the petioles ; leaflets
Lin. spec. 968. Flowers purple, with darker stripes.
of outer calyx oblong-linear ; leaves sinuately-lobed, serrated,
Mallow. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1727. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. rough, and are as well as branches hairy. ħ. G. Ker. bot.
63 M. CAPE'NSIS (Cav. diss. p. 71. t. 24. f. 3.) pedicels 1. reg. 561.–Dill. elth. 209. t. 169. f. 207. Flowers red, with
flowered, solitary or in pairs, longer than the footstalks ; leaflets darker veins and white claws.
of outer calyx ovate-lanceolate; leaves 5-lobed and 3-lobed, Gooseberry-leaved Mallow. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1732. Shrub
crenate-toothed, clammy. . G. Ker, bot. reg. 295. M.
.
3 to 6 feet.
biflòra, Desrous. in dict. enc. 3. p. 747. Flowers red and white. 75 M. ASPE'RRIMA (Jacq. hort. Schoenbr. 2. t. 139.) pedicels
No. 3429 of Burch. cat. is perhaps different from this.
1 or 2-flowered, solitary, rather longer than the petioles ; leaflets
Cape Mallow. Fl. year. Clt. 1713. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. of outer calyx linear ; leaves 5-lobed, obtuse-toothed, very
64 M. BALSAʼMICA (Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 140.) pedicels 1- rough ; terminal lobe elongated. h. G. Flowers white with a
flowered, solitary, longer than the footstalks ; leaflets of outer red base. The whole plant is rough from stellate hairs.
calyx oblong-linear ; leaves ovate, slightly 3-lobed, acute, un- Very rough Mallow. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1796. Shrub 5 ft.
equally toothed. h. G. Flowers pink.
Balsamic Mallow. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub 4 ft.
$ 7. Multiflòræ. D. C. prod. 1. p. 434. Flowers purple or
65 M. OXYCANTHOIDES (Horn. hafn. 2. p. 654.) pedicels leaved. Leaves angular.
white. Peduncles axillary, many-flowered. Outer calys 3-
solitary, longer than the petioles ; leaves glabrous, cuneiform,
profoundly 3-lobed, deeply serrated, intermediate lobe largish. 76 M. LA'CTEA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 448.) shrubby ; leaves
h. G. Flowers white or red.
angular, acute, cordate, villous; petals obcordate, rather shorter
Hawthorn-like Mallow. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 4 ft. than the calyx ; peduncles panicled. h.G. Native of Mexico.
66 M. RUGÓSA (Desrous. in dict. enc. 3. p. 747.) pedicels 1. M. vitifòlia, Cav. icon. 1. t. 30.
M. vitifòlia, Cav, icon. 1. t. 30. Flowers milk-white.
flowered, solitary, longer than the petioles ; leaflets of outer Milky-flowered Mallow. Fl. Jan. Feb. Clt. 1780. Sh. 4 ft.
calyx ovate, acute; leaves somewhat cordate, pinnatifidly-sinuat- 77 M. CAPITA'TA (Cav. diss. 5. t. 137. f. 1.) shrubby; leaves
ed, wrinkled. ħ. G. Flowers purple.
5-lobed; lobes pinnatifidly-jagged, toothed, intermediate one
Wrinkled Mallow. Fl. May, Sep.
Fl. May, Sep. Shrub 4 feet.
4
elongated; peduncles capitate, corymbose. ñ. G. Native of
67 M. TRIDACTYLETES (Cav. diss. 2. p. 73. t. 21. f. 2.) pedi- Peru.
Peru. Flowers pale violet-coloured with white claws.
cels solitary, 1-flowered, length of leaves ; leaves almost sessile, Capitate-flowered Mallow. Shrub 6 feet.
cuneiform, trifid, entire. ñ. G. M. reflexa, Andr. rep. t. 78 M. MINIA'TA (Cav. icon. 3. t. 278.) stems fruticulose,
135. Leaflets of outer calyx linear. Flowers pink.
erect; leaves ovate, 3-lobed, toothed, tomentose; peduncles
Three-fingered-leaved Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1791. axillary, racemose, few-flowered, but sometimes only 1-flowered.
Shrub 3 feet.
h.G. Native of? Flowers vermilion.
68 M. DIVARICA'TA (Andr. bot. rep. t. 182.) pedicels solitary, Vermilion-flowered Mallow. Fl. May, July.
Clt. 1798.
longer than the petioles ; leaves lobed, plaited, toothed, sca- Pl. 1 foot.
brous ; branches and branchlets divaricating, flexuous. h.G. 79 M. MUNROA`NA (Dougl. in bot. reg. 1306.) plant clothed
Flowers white, lined with red at the base. Involucel linear. with white tomentum; stems ascending ; leaves roundish, cor-
Divaricate-branched Mallow. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1792. date, somewhat 5-lobed, crenate; involucel setaceous; peduncles
Shrub 3 feet.
axillary and terminal, panicled, 3-5-flowered. 4. H.
4. H. Native
69 M. RETU'SA (Cav. diss. 2. t. 21. f. 1.) pedicels solitary, of North America on the barren plains of the Columbia. Flowers
longer than the petioles ; leaflets of outer calyx lanceolate; elegant, of a vermilion colour.
.

MALVACEÆ. II. MALVA. III. SpHÆRALCEA. IV. MODIOLA.
465
-
.
Munro's Mallow. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1827. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. the back, disposed into a globular head. Seeds kidney-shaped.
80 M.? OPERCULA'TA (Cav. diss. 2. t. 35. f. 1.) shrubby, Trees or shrubs, with toothed or 3-5-lobed leaves. Peduncles
tomentose ; leaves angular, 5-lobed ; intermediate lobe largest ; axillary at the tops of the branches, I-flowered or umbel-
peduncles axillary, racemose; flowers leaning to one side; lately, or racemosely 2-many-flowered. Flowers reddish or flesh-
carpsule operculate. ħ. G. Native of Peru in sandy places. coloured. 'This genus has lately been divided from Málva by
Flowers pale purple.
M. Auguste St. Hilaire; we shall therefore retain the authorities
Lidded-capsuled Mallow. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1795. Sh. 3 ft. for the species under that genus.
81 M. PERUVIA'NA (Lin. spec. 968.) plant herbaceous, erect; 1 S. ČISPLATI'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 210.) stem shrubby,
leaves palmatifid; spikes axillary ; flowers leaning to one side; slender ; leaves ovate, somewhat 3-lobed, toothed or crenate,
carpels denticulated
O. H. Native of Peru. Jacq. hort. tomentose beneath; flowers axillary, racemose, secund ; leaflets
vind. t. 156. Cav. diss. 2. p. 68. t. 19. f. 1. M. exasperata, of involucel setaceous. h.s. Native of Brazil in the pro-
Moench. Corolla small, violet.
vince of Cisplatine, where the plant is called Malvalisco. It is
Peruvian Mallow. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1759. Pl. 4 feet. employed in fomentations in diseases of the chest.
82 M. LIME'NSIS (Lin. spec. 968.) plant herbaceous, erect; Var. B, quercifolia (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems looser ; leaves longer,
leaves 7-lobed, wrinkled ; spikes axillary; flowers leaning to blunter, cuneate at the base, and obsoletely crenated.
one side ; carpels smooth. O. H. Native of Peru at Lima. Cisplatine Globe-Mallow. FI. Dec. Jan. Shrub 6 feet.
Jacq. hort. vind. t. 141. Cav. diss. 2. p. 69. t. 19. f. 2. M. 2 S. UMBELLA'TA (Cav. icon. 1. t. 95.) leaves sub-peltate,
læ'vis, Moench. Corolla blue.
5-lobed, obtuse; peduncles axillary, umbelliferous; leaflets of
Lima Mallow. Fl. July. Clt. 1768.
Clt. 1768. Pl. 1 to 4 feet.
involucel obovate, somewhat stipitate, deciduous. n. S. Na-
83 M. ACAU’LIS (Cav. diss. 2. p. 82. t. 35. f. 2.) plant her- tive of New Spain on the declivities of mountains. Flowers
baceous, stemless ; leaves all radical, angular, toothed ; teeth large, of fiery violet-colour. Lod. bot. cab. 222.
with two bristles; peduncles rising from the root, many-flowered, Umbellate-flowered Globe-Mallow. Fl. Jan. April. Clt.
2. G. Native of Peru on the Andes. Flowers yellowish. 1814. Shrub 10 feet.
Stemless Mallow. Pl. į foot.
3 S. RÒSea (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C.
prod. 1. p. 435.) leaves sub-peltate, 5-lobed, acute ; peduncles
SECT. II. MALA'CHIA (ualaxn, malache, a mallow). D. C. axillary, 1-3-flowered ; leaflets of involucel ovate, sessile. N.G.
prod. 1. p. 435. Involucel or outer calyx 5 or 6-leaved ; Native of Mexico. Flowers rose-coloured. Leaflets of invo-
leaflets linear. Carpels 5, 1-seeded, distinct, indehiscent.
5
lucel 3-nerved. Very like M. umbellata.
84 M. HibiscIFÒLIA (Desrous. in dict. enc. 3. p. 748.) leaves Rose-coloured-flowered Globe-Mallow. Shrub 4 feet.
ovate, acuminated, somewhat angular, serrated, soft, villous; 4 S. ABUTILOIDES (Lin. spec. 971.) leaves 5-angled, tomen-
pedicels a little shorter than the petioles ; involucel 5-leaved. tose ; peduncles axillary, bifid, few-flowered ; leaflets of involu-
h.s. Native of Bourbon. Flowers red.
cel oblong-linear, small; fruit globose. . G. Native of the
Hibiscus-leaved Mallow. Shrub 6 feet?
Bahama islands, and on the sea-coast of Carolina. Jacq. hort.
85 M. Borya'na (D. C. prod. 1. p. 435.) leaves 5-angled, Schoenbr. 3. t. 293. Sims, bot. mag. 2544. Flowers large,
toothed, acute, pubescent ; pedicels very short; involucel 6- purple. Leaves cordate, 5-7-lobed.
leaved. h? S. Native of Bourbon. Lobes of calyx 3-nerved Abutilon-like Globe-Mallow. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1725.
at the base. Flowers not seen, but they are probably red. Shrub 20 feet.
Bory's Mallow.
Shrub.
5 S. OBTUSI’LOBA ; plant clothed with stellate tomentum;
leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed, crenated ; lobes very blunt ;
† Species not sufficiently known.
peduncles axillary and terminal, corymbosely-racemose, many-
86 M. ORIENTA'Lis (Mill. dict. no. 3.) stem erect, herbaceous ; flowered ; flowers crowded ; involucel of 3 linear leaflets ;
leaves lobed, obtuse, crenated. O. H. Native of the Levant.
segments of calyx ovate. h.G. Native of Chili in the vici,
Flowers large, beautiful red.
nity of Valparaiso. Málva obtusíloba, Hook. bot. mag. t. 2787.
Eastern Mallow. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. ?
Clt.? Pl. 1 to 2 feet. Petals obcordate, purple, with darkish claws.
Cult. The stove species of Mallow will succeed in
any
kind Obtuse-lobed-leaved Globe Mallow. Fl. July. Clt. 1827.
of rich soil, and cuttings of them will strike root freely if planted Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
in light soil with a hand-glass placed over them. The green- 6 S. E'LEGANS (Cav. diss. 2, t. 16. f. 1.) leaves 3-parted,
house species will grow in the same kind of soil as the stove canescent, jagged, intermediate lobe trifid; pedicels axillary, 1-
species, and are propagated in the same manner ; most of them flowered, a little shorter than the petioles ; fruit globose. h.G.
are worth cultivating for ornament, but particularly those be- Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. coll. 4. t. 6. f. 1.
longing to the section Capenses. The hardy perennial species Flowers pink or yellowish-red. Carpels 3-seeded.
should be planted in the open border, and they may either be en- Elegant Globe-Mallow. Fl. June, July. Shrub 4 feet.
creased by dividing the plants at the root or by seed. The most 7 S. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 64. t. 20. f. 1.) leaves
ornamental species are M. moschàta, Morènii alcèa, Munrodna, lanceolate, toothed, powdery ; peduncles axillary, solitary, or
and purpurata. The annual species only require to be sown in in pairs, 1 or few-flowered ; leaflets of involucel setaceous, deci-
the open ground, but none of them are worth cultivating, unless duous. h. G. Native of Mexico. Cav. icon. 1. p. 48. t.
in general collections, except M. Mauritánica, trimestris, and 68. Sweet, fl. gard. icon. Flowers pink,
Liménsis.
Narrow-leaved Globe Mallow. FI. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1780.
Shrub 3 or 4 foot.
III. SPHÆRA’LCEA (from opaipa, sphaira, a globe, and Cult. The species of Sphærálcea will thrive in any light
Alcea, Marsh-Mallow; in allusion to the disposition of the car- soil, and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted in the same
pels.) St. Hil
. Al. bras. 1. p. 209. Málva, sect. iïi. Sphæròma, kind of soil, under a hand-glass. All the species bear elegant
.
-
D. C. prod. 1. p. 435.
flowers.
LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded
by a shorter deciduous 3-leaved involucel. Carpels many, IV. MODIOLA (from modiolus, the nathe of a wheel, in al-
separable, verticillate, 2-3-seeded, opening by 2 little valves on lusion to the whorled position of the carpels). Moench, meth.
3 O
VOL. I.-PART V.

466
MALVACEÆ. IV. MODIOLA. V. KITAIBELIA. VI. ALTHÆA.
620. St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 210. Málva, sect. 4. Modìola, Vine-leaved Kitaibelia. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1801. Pl. 5 to 8 ft.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 435.
p
Cult. This plant only requires to be planted in the open
LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded border, and is increased by dividing at the root.
by a 3-leaved involucel. Petals entire. Tube of stamens
divided into fascicles at the apex. Styles connected at the base. VI. ALTHÆ'A (from ałow, altho, to cure ; in allusion to the
Capsule girded by the permanent calyx. Carpels many, separable, well known salutary effects of Althæ'a officinalis.) Cav. diss. 2.
bicuspidate, verticillate, 2-valved, opening internally. Seeds 2 in p. 91. D. C. prod. 1. p. 436.
each cell. Creeping or trailing herbs. Leaves 3-9, but usually Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded
5-lobed, deeply serrate. Stipulas petiolar, twin. Peduncles by a 6 or 9-cleft involucel. Carpels capsular, 1-seeded, disposed
axillary, solitary, rarely twin, 1-flowered, slender. Corolla vio- into an orbicular head. Strong coarse plants, with the appear-
laceous or red. This genus has been lately separated by M. ance of Mallow.
Auguste St. Hilaire from the genus Málva , we shall, therefore,
retain the authorities for the species under that genus.
Sect. I. ALTHÆA'STRUM (an alteration from Althæa.) D. C.
1 M. RE'PTANS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 212. t. 43.) stem creep- prod. 1. p. 436. Althæ'a, Lin. gen. no. 839. Lam. ill. t. 581.
ing; leaves 5-angled, profoundly 5-7-parted, cut; peduncles Carpels emarginate, destitute of membranaceous margins. In-
axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; ovary very volucel usually 8 or 9-cleft.
hairy, 14-16-celled. O. H. Native of Brazil in the provinces · 1 A. OFFICINA'LIS (Lin. spec. 966.) leaves clothed with soft
of Cisplatine and Rio Grande do Sul, on rocks. Flowers red. white tomentum on both surfaces, cordate or ovate, toothed,
Creeping Modiola. Pl. creeping.
undivided or somewhat 5-lobed; peduncles axillary, many-
2 M. ČAROLINIA'NA (Lin. spec. 969.) leaves many-lobed, flowered, much shorter than the leaves.
,
4. H. Native of
deeply toothed; pedicels solitary, shorter than the petioles; marshes, especially towards the sea-coast, in many parts of
.
-
fruit crested. O. H. Native of North America in fields Europe. In Britain abundantly. Smith, engl. bot. t. 147.
from Virginia to Carolina. Cav. diss. 2. t. 15.-Dill. elth. t. Woodv. t. 53. Fl. dan. 530. Cav. diss. 2. p. 93. t. 30. f. 2.
4. f. 4. Schurhr. handb. 1. Flowers dark red or vermilion. Flowers of a delicate uniform blush-colour.
Stem prostrate, rooting. Lower leaves undivided.
The whole plant, but especially the roots, abounds with muci-
Carolina Modiola. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1723. Pl. prostrate. lage. The roots are about the thickness of a finger, long and
3 M. URTICIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. fibrous. When peeled and dried, they are perfectly white ; and
276.) leaves roundish-ovate, acute, obsoletely cordate, deeply certain districts of France are celebrated for producing them in
serrated, somewhat 9-lobed, rather pilose; pedicel solitary, fine quality. They contain much mucilage, with saccharine
shorter than the petioles ; flowers decandrous; capsule of 15- principle. Dr. Duncan found that the decoction of the root
hispid carpels. 4. G. Native of South America near Santa reddens turnsole, and gelatinizes silicized potass. It is used as
Fe de Bogota. Flowers violet, very like those of M. Caroli- an emollient and demulcent in diseases attended with irritation
niàna.
and pain, as in various pulmonary complaints, and in affections
Nettle-leaved Modiola. Fl. July, Sept. Pl. prostrate. of the alimentary canal and urinary organs; and it is applied
4 M. PROSTRA'TA (Cav. diss. 2. t. 16. f. 3.) leaves palmately externally in emollient fomentations, gargles, and clysters ; and
5-7-lobed, deeply toothed; pedicels solitary, rather longer than a favourite lozenge is named from it, Pate de Guimauve. In
the leaves; fruit glabrous; petals entire. 0. H. Native of France the plant is called Guimauve, mauve-qui, that is to say,
Brazil at Monte Video by way sides. Sims, bot. mag. 2515. Clammy Mallow. It was anciently called Malva-visca, on ac-
Flowers red. Ovary 14-16-celled.
count of the abundant mucilage in the roots.
Prostrate Modiola. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1806. Pl. prostrate. Officinal Marsh-Mallow. Fl. July, Sep. Britain. Pl. 3 to
5 M. ERIOCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 436.) leaves palmately 4 feet.
5-lobed, deeply toothed ; pedicels in pairs, length of petioles ; 2 A. TAURINE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 436.) leaves clothed on
fruit villous. 4. G. Native about Buenos Ayres in the fields both surfaces with soft white starry tomentum, trifid or rather 3-
called the Pampas. Flowers red.
parted; peduncles axillary, many-flowered, rather longer than
Woolly-fruited Modiola. Pl. prostrate.
the leaves, straight.
Native on hills about Turin.
6 M. DECU’MBENS (Willd. enum. 731.) leaves ovate, deeply A. officinalis ß, Willd. spec. 3. p. 771. Flowers blush-colour-
toothed, somewhat lobed ; pedicels longer than the petioles ; ed. An intermediate species between A. officinalis and A. Nar-
fruit villous ; petals entire, 2. G. Native of South America. bonensis.
Flowers red.
Taurin Marsh-Mallow. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1817. Pl. 3 to 4 ft.
Decumbent Modiola. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1815. Pl. decumbent. 3 A. NARBONE'NSIS (Pourr. in Cav. diss. 2. p. 94. t. 29. f. 2.)
Cult. These plants will grow in any common garden-soil. leaves pubescent, somewhat tomentose, lower ones 5 or 7-
They are all increased by seeds, which may be sown in the open lobed, upper ones 3-lobed; peduncles many-flowered, lax, longer
border in April. The perennial kinds will require to be shel- than the leaves. 2. H. Native of France about Narbonne,
tered during severe weather.
and of Spain. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 138. Asso, introd. in Oryct.
arrag. 175. t. 5. f. 1. Flowers of a pale red colour.
V. KITAIBE'LIA (in honour of Paul Kitaibel, formerly Narbonne Marsh-Mallow. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1780. Pl.
professor of botany at Pest in Hungary, who travelled through 3 to 6 feet.
that country in search of plants; author of Plantæ Rariores 4 A. CANNA'BINA (Lin. spec. 966.) leaves pubescent, and
Hungariæ, 3 vol. fol. Pest, in conjunction with Waldstein.) Willd. somewhat hoary on the under surface, lower ones palmately-
nov. act. soc. n. Scrut. berl. 2. p. 107. t. 4. f. 4. D. C. prod. parted, upper ones 3-parted; lobes narrow, and grossly toothed;
1. 436. Waldst. et Kit. hung. 1. p. 29. t. 31.
peduncles axillary, many-flowered, lax, longer than the leaves.
LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by 4. H. Native of the south of France, Italy, and Hungary, on
a 7 or 9-cleft involucel. Carpels capsular, 1-seeded, collected the margins of woods. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 124. aust. t. 101.
into a 5-lobed head. A large strong herb, with white flowers. Cav. diss. 2. p. 94. t. 30. f. i. Flowers rose-coloured.
1 K. VITIFÒLIA (Willd. I. c.) 4. H. Native of Hungary. Hemp-like Marsh-Mallow. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1597. Pl.
Leaves 5-lobed, acute, toothed. Flowers axillary.
5 or 6 feet.
4. H.
p.
1

MALVACEÆ, VI. ALTHÆA.
467
a
5 A. HIRSUTA (Lin. spec. 965.) leaves cordate, clothed with 1. t. R. 15. Flowers rose-coloured, large. All the varieties of
rough hairs, but glabrous on the upper surface, lower ones Hollyhock have originated from this plant. The flowers are
lobed, upper ones 3-5-lobed; stem hispid ; peduncles 1-flowered, either single or double, white, red, scarlet, yellow, buff-coloured,
longer than the leaves. 0. H, Native of many parts of blackish-red, seldom variegated. Although the double varieties
Europe, particularly France, Italy, Spain, and Austria, in of Hollyhock are not constant, yet where the seeds are carefully
hedges. In England in hedges and cultivated fields near Cob- saved from the most double flowers, the greatest number of the
ham Hall in Kent. Cav. diss. 2. p. 95. t. 28. f. 1. Jacq. hort. plants will arise nearly the same as the plants from which they
vind, t. 125. austr. t. 170. Flowers very pale blush-coloured. were taken, provided no plant with single or bad-coloured
Hairy Marsh-Mallow. Fl. Ju. July.
Fl. Ju. July. England. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. flowers are permitted to grow near them. Therefore if
Therefore if any such
6 A. LUDWIGII (Lin. mant. 98.) leaves glabrous, cordate- appear, they should be removed from the good ones, that their
roundish, lobed, and toothed; pedicels axillary, crowded, 1- pollen may not spread into the other flowers, which would cause
flowered ; calyxes villous. O. H. Native of Sicily and them to degenerate.
Egypt. Cav. diss. 2. p. 96. t. 30. f. 3. icon. 2. t. 29. f. 1. Var. B?
bíloba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 437.) petals bluntly 2-lobed.
.
Flowers white or blush-coloured, smaller than those of A. hir- 3. H. This plant sometimes occurs in gardens under the
sùta.
name of A. grandiflora, although the flowers are much smaller
Ludwig's Marsh-Mallow. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1791. Pl. 1 ft. than in var. a.
Rose or Common Hollyhock. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1573. Pl.
Sect. II. ALCE's (from alkn, alke, remedy; the Alcea of the 8 feet.
ancients was a kind of Mallow. The present plants have the
14 A. SINE'NSIS (Cav. diss. 2. t. 29. f. 3.) stem straight,
appearance, taste, and emollient effects of the Marsh-Mallow.) glabrous, branched at the bottom; leaves cordate, scabrous,
Lin. gen. no. 840. Lam. ill. t. 581. D. C. prod. 1. p. 437. crenated, angular ; flowers axillary, sessile, spiked at the apex
Carpels surrounded by a membranaceous furrowed margin. In- of the branches; petals somewhat crenated, with villous claws.
volucel 6 or 7-cleft.
O. H. Native of China. Differing from A. ròsea in the plant
7 A. ACAU'LIS (Cav. diss. 2. t. 27. f. 3.) plant almost stemless; being annual, dwarfer, and the flowers a little larger. Flowers
leaves roundish-cordate, somewhat 5-angled, crenated; pedicels rose-coloured.
1-flowered, much shorter than the petioles ; petals emarginate, China Hollyhock. Fl. July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 3 or 4 feet.
bearded at the base. O. H.
O. H. Native of Syria. Flowers pale- 15 A. AFRICA'NA (Lour. fl. coch. p. 421. under Alcèa.) stem
yellow.
shrubby, hispid ; leaves 3-lobed, crenated; flowers solitary, axil-
Stemless Hollyhock. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1680. Pl. 1 ft. lary, stalked ; involucel and calyx 6-parted. h.G. Native of
8 A. CARIBÆ'A (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1916.) stem straight, the Eastern coast of Africa, Flowers scarlet. Carpels 5.
hispid; leaves cordate, roundish, lobed, crenate-serrated; flowers African Hollyhock. Shrub 4 feet.
solitary, almost sessile; petals somewhat obcordate, with bearded 16 A. COROMANDELIA'NA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 93.) tomentose;
claws; stigmas diffuse. 3. H. Native of the Caribbee Islands. stem erect; leaves somewhat triangular, crenated, obtuse, 5-
Flowers rose-coloured, with a yellow base.
nerved, somewhat 3-lobed ; flowers solitary, almost sessile, axil-
Caribbean Hollyhock. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1816. Pl. 3 ft. lary; petals broad-oblong.–Native of Pondicheri. Flowers
9 A. STRIATA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 437.) stem puberulous, and
flesh-coloured.
somewhat scabrous ; leaves cordate, bluntly 3-lobed, crenated; Coromandel Hollyhock. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
flowers solitary, on short pedicels; involucel one-half shorter 17 A. FLEXUÒSA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 892.) stem somewhat
than the inner calyx ; lobes of calyx with 7-stripes ; petals ob- flexuous, hispid; leaves cordate, somewhat 7-lobed, obtuse, on
cordate, 2-lobed. 8. H. Native ? Flowers pale, 22 inches long footstalks ; flowers axillary, solitary, stalked ; petals ob-
in diameter.
cordate. 4. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers scarlet.
Striped-calyxed Hollyhock. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Pl. 5 ft. Flexuous-stemmed Hollyhock. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1803.
10 A. PA'LLIDA (Walds. et Kit. in Willd. spec.
3.
Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
stem erect, hispid; leaves roundish, cordate ; involucel equal in 18 A. FICIFÒLIA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 92. t. 28. f. 2.) stem erect,
length to the calyx; petals 2-lobed. . H. Native of Hun- pilose ; leaves divided beyond the middle into 7 lobes; lobes
gary. Flowers whitish-purple.
oblong, obtuse, irregularly toothed ; involucel almost one-half
Pale-flowered Hollyhock. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1805. Pl. 4 to shorter than the calyx. 8. H. Native of Siberia at the Don.
6 feet.
Alcèa ficifolia, Lin. spec. 697.-Knor. del. 2. t. A.-Blackw.
11 A. LEUCA'NTHA (Fisch. in litt.) leaves roundish-cordate, herb. t. 54. Flowers large, single or double, generally yellow
5-angled or 3-lobed, crenate, roughly pilose ; stem, petioles, or orange-coloured, in terminal spikes.
and peduncles hispid; racemes bractless, naked ; flowers twin; Fig-leaved or Antwerp Hollyhock. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1597.
petals cuneate, emarginate.
1. H.
Native of the Altaian Pl. 6 feet.
Mountains. A. nudiflòra, Lindl. in hort. trans. 7. p. 251. Leaves 19 A. LAVATERÆFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 437.) stem erect,
large. Involucre 6-7-cleft, half as long as the calyx. Flowers pilose; leaves tomentose on both surfaces, palmately-lobed
white, with a greenish-yellow base.
beyond the middle ; lobes oblong, obtuse, irregularly toothed ;
White-flowered Hollyhock. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. involucels nerved, nearly equal in length with the calyx. $?H.
6 feet.
Native at the bottom of mount Libanon near Seyde. Flowers
12 A. FROLOVIA'NA (Fisch. mss.). 3. H. Native of the yellow?
Russian empire. This plant was introduced to the gardens in Lavatera-leaved Hollyhock. Pl. 2 to 6 feet.
1824, but has never flowered.
Frolove's Hollyhock. Pl. 6 feet ?
Sect. III. ALPHÆ'a (meaning unknown.) D. C. prod. 1. p.
13 A. RÒSEA (Cav. diss. 2. t. 29. f. 3.) stem straight, hairy; 437. Carpels wrinkled from small nerves, not marginated.
leaves cordate, with 5 or 7 angles, crenated, rough ; flowers axil-
Involucel 5-cleft.
lary, sessile, somewhat spiked at the top; petals a little cre- 20 A. BURCHE'LLII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 438.) stem erect,
nated, with villous claws. 3. H. Native of the Levant. Alcea pilose ; leaves cordate, somewhat 5-lobed, grossly toothed, vel-
rosea, Lin. spec. 966. Mill. fig. Ludw. ect. t. 42. Knor. del. vety ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, pilose, hardly shorter than
p. 773.)
-
3 o 2

468
MALVACEÆ. VI. AlthÆA. VII. LAVATERA.
;
. .
the petioles ; involucel and calyx 5-cleft.-Native of the Cape leaves acutely 5-lobed, rather toothed, smoothish ; pedicels
of Good Hope. Urèna pilosa, Burch. cat. no. 2557.
solitary, 1-flowered. h.G. Native of Teneriffe, D. C. cat.
Burchell's Hollyhock. Pl.?
hort. monsp. p. 121. Lois. herb. amat. p. 322. Flowers pale-
21 A. BORBÓNICA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 438.) stem erect, villous lilac.
at the bottom, upper part as well as leaves velvety ; leaves cor- Maple-leaved Lavatera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. 6 ft.
date, some of them somewhat 5-lobed, grossly toothed ; pedicels 5 L, JU'LII (Burch. cat. no. 2664.) stem shrubby ; leaves 3-
axillary, 1-flowered, twice as long as the petioles ; involucel 5-lobed, hoary-tomentose beneath, with obtuse lobes ; terminal
ciliated at the base. ñ ? 4 ? S. Native of the island of lobe longest ; peduncles somewhat racemose; involucel 3-parted.
Bourbon at the river St. Dionysius. A species nearly allied to h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This plant should
A. Burchéllii.
perhaps have been enumerated amongst Málva. Flowers red ?
Bourbon Hollyhock. Pl.?
Julius's Lavatera. Shrub 5 feet.
† A species not sufficiently known.
6 L. HI'SPIDA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 118. t. 171.) stem shrubby,
22 A. CRE'TICA (Weinm. in syll. pl. nov.). This species is
rough from fascicles of hairs ; leaves canescent, 5-lobed, upper
ones 3-lobed or undivided ; flowers almost sessile; involucel
said to come very near to A. acaúlis, but we know nothing 3-parted, large, and very hairy. h. F. Native of Algiers in
further of it.
hedges. Flowers rose-coloured, solitary.
Cretan Althæa. Pl. { foot.
Cult. Most of the species are worth cultivating for ornament,
Hispid Lavatera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. Shrub 8 feet.
particularly those belonging to the section Alcea or Holly, shrubby, rather tomentose from flocky down ; leaves canescent,
7 L. AFRICA'NA (Cav. diss. 5. p. 282. t. 139. f. 1.) stem
hock. They will all thrive in any kind of common garden soil.
, ;
The herbaceous perennial kinds may be either increased by petioles ; involucel 3-parted, tomentose.
all bluntly 5-lobed; pedicels twin, equal in length to the
-,
h. F. Native of
dividing the plants at the root or by seeds. The biennial and
annual species only require to be sown in the open border in
Spain and the north of Africa. According to Willdenow this is a
spring, and the plants should be transplanted separately when of variety of L. hispida. Flowers pale-purple.
sufficient size. The stove species are propagated in the same
African Lavatera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
manner as the hardy species.
8 L. O'LBIA (Lin. spec. 972.) stem shrubby, rather scabrous
from distant fascicles of hairs; leaves soft, woolly, 5-lobed,
VII. LAVATERA (named by Tournefort in honour of the upper ones 3-lobed, with the middle lobe elongated; uppermost
two Lavaters, physicians of Zurich, and naturalists.) Lin. gen. leaves oblong, almost undivided ; flowers solitary, sessile. .F.
no. 842. Lam. ill. t. 582. D. C. prod. 1. p. 438.
Native of Provence in hedges about d'Hieres.-Lob. icon. t.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by
653. f. 2. Flowers reddish-purple on short pedicels.
a 3 or 5-cleft involucel ; leaflets joined, especially to the middle.
Olbia Lavatera. Fl. June, Oct.
Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1570. Shrub 6 feet.
Carpels capsular, 1-seeded, disposed into an orb around the 9 L. UNGUICULA'TA (Desf. arbr. 1. p. 471.) stem shrubby,
axis, which is variously dilated above the fruit,
tomentose from starry down ; leaves tomentose on both surfaces,
Sect. I. STE'GIA (from oteyos, stegos, a covering, in allusion
acutely 5-lobed, upper ones 3-lobed ; flowers solitary, on short
to the expanded receptacle concealing the ovaries.) D. C. fl. fr.
. .
pedicels. h. F. Native of the island of Samos. Very like
L. Olbia, and is often found in gardens under that name.
4. p. 835. prod. 1. p. 438. Receptacle or axis of fruit expanded
Flowers lilac.
at the apex into a disk, which conceals the ovaries.
1 L. TRIME'STRIS (Lin. spec. 974.) stem herbaceous,
Clawed-petalled Lavatera. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1807. Sh. 6 ft.
scabrous; leaves smoothish, roundish-cordate, upper ones
10 L. MOSCHA'TA (Mor. elench. sard. p. 9.) plant clothed with
lobed ; pedicels solitary; orb of receptacle perfectly concealing
stellate tomentum ; stem shrubby; leaves waved, curled, with
5 obsolete, rounded lobes ; upper leaves 3-lobed; stipulas leafy;
;
the carpels. O. H. Native of Syria and Spain.
Jacq. hort.
t. 72.-Cav. diss. 2. p. 90. t. 3. f. 1. Curt. bot. mag. 109.
peduncles axillary, aggregate, 1-flowered, shorter than the pe-
Stègia Lavatèra, D. C. fl. fr. no. 4525. Flowers rose-coloured.
tioles ; involucel 3-parted. ħ. F. Native of Sardinia. Corolla
A tall spreading elegant plant.
purplish. Receptacle conical, exserted. The whole plant
Var. B, albiflora ; flowers white.
smells strongly of musk.
Three-monthly Lavatera. Fl. July, Sep. Cit. 1633. Pl. 3
Musky-scented Lavatera. Fl. May. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
11 L. MìCANS (Lin. spec. 972.) stem shrubby ; leaves 7-
to 6 feet.
2 L. PSEU'DO-O'LBIA (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 309.) stem shrubby;
angled, acute, crenated, plaited, tomentose ; racemes terminal. h.
leaves tomentose, lower ones 5-lobed ; pedicels aggregate ; orb of
F. Native of Spain and Portugal.-Moris, oxon. sect. 5. t. 17.
f. 9.
receptacle half concealing the carpels. ħ. F. Native ? L.
L. bryonifòlia, Mill. dict. no. 11. Leaves on the upper
undulàta, Desf. arbr. 1. p. 471. not of Mill. Flowers pale
surface at the margins furnished with sulphur-coloured micæ,
which glitter in the sun.
Flowers purplish.
purple. Habit almost of the following section.
False-Olbia Lavatera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Sh. 5 ft.
Glittering-leaved Lavatera. Fi. June, July. Clt. 1796.
Shrub 4 feet.
Sect. II. O'LBIA (L. O'lbia grows in the environs of d'Hieres 12 L. LUSITA'NICA (Lin. spec. 973.) stem shrubby ; leaves
in Provence; in Latin called O'lbia.) Medik. malv. p. 41. 7-angled, tomentose, plaited ; racemes terminal. h.F. Native
D. C. prod. 1. p. 438. Receptacle of fruit central, conical, pro- of Portugal. L. undulata, Mill. dict. no. 10. Flowers purple.
truding.
Portuguese Lavatera. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1748. Sh. 4 ft.
3 L. Pheni'cea (Vent. malm. t. 120.) stem arboreous ; leaves 13 L. FLA'VA (Desf. atl. 2. p. 119. t. 172.) stem herbaceous,
acutely 5-lobed, toothed, smoothish; peduncles solitary, 3-5- downy ; leaves rather tomentose, roundish, obsoletely 3-lobed ;
flowered; involucel caducous. h. G. Native of Madeira and pedicels
pedicels axillary, aggregate.
O. H. Native of the north of
O. H.
of Africa. Cultivated in the gardens of the Canary Islands, Africa near Mascar in cultivated fields, and of Sicily. L. Agre-
whence it has been introduced into Europe. L. coccinea, Dietr. gentina, Tineo. pl. sic. 1. p. 13.
p L. Empédoclis, Ræuch.
Flowers large, scarlet.
Flowers yellow, about the size of those of L. O'lbia.
Scarlet Lavatera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Tree 10 feet. Yellow-flowered Lavatera. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl.
4 L. ACERIFÒLIA (Cav. el. hort. madr. p. 20.) stem shrubby ;
3 or 4 feet.
a
-

MALVACEÆ. VII. LAVATERA. VIII. MALACHRA.
469
acute.
-
-
14 L. PLEBE'IA (Sims. bot. mag. t. 2269.) stem herbaceous, angled, plaited, downy; pedicels aggregate, axillary, 1-flowered,
scabrous; leaves 5-lobed, pubescent beneath ; peduncles axil- aggregate, much shorter than the petiole. f. H. Native of
lary, aggregate (or solitary ?); petals wedge-shaped, emarginate, Italy, Spain, Portugal, north of Africa and Canary Islands, on
2. G. Native of New Holland. Flower lilac. rocks by the sea-side. In Britain at Hurst Castle, over against
Vulgar Lavatera. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 feet.
the Isle of Wight; on Portland Island ; on Caldy Island, in
15 L. THURINGI'ACA (Lin. spec. 973.) stem herbaceous, Carmarthen Bay; and on the Basse Rock, Inch-Garvy, and
downy ; leaves rather downy, lower ones angular, upper ones 3- Mykrie-inch in the Frith of Forth, Scotland. In Cornwall and
5-lobed, with the middle lobe longest; pedicels solitary, 1-flow- Devonshire. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1841. Cav. diss. 2. t. 139.
ered, longer than the petioles ; petals 2-lobed. 2. H. Native
f. 2. Flowers pale purple.
of Thuringia, Tartary, Sweden, Germany, &c. in hedges; also Tree Mallow. Fl. July, Oct. Britain. Pl. 6 to 10 feet.
on hills about Odessa. Jacq. fl. austr. t. 311.
Jacq. fl. austr. t. 311. Curt. bot. mag. 23 L. NEAPOLITA'NA (Ten. cat. 1819. n. 125.) stem herba-
517.-Cam. hort. 1. t. 6.-Dill. elth. 9. t. 8. f. 8. Flowers ceous, scabrous, erect ; leaves roundish, with 7 nerves, and 7 very
large, purplish, or violet.
blunt crenated lobes ; pedicels axillary, aggregate ; involucel
Thuringian Lavatera. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1731. Pl. 5 ft. shorter than the calyx ; lobes of calyx acuminated. 4. H.
16 L. BIE'NNIS (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 143.) stem herbaceous, Native of Naples by the sea-side. Flowers blue, with obcor-
and is as well as the leaves downy, lower leaves roundish, lobed,
date petals.
floral ones 3-lobed, with the middle lobe lanceolate; pedicels Neapolitan Lavatera. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1818. Pl. 4 to 6 ft.
solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the petioles; petals somewhat 24 L. CRE'TICA (Lin. spec. 973.) stem herbaceous, scabrous ;
emarginate. 3. H. Native of Eastern Caucasus in fields. leaves with 5-7 acute lobes; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, aggre-
Flowers purplish. Like L. Thuringiaca.
gate, much shorter than the petioles. O. H. Native of Crete.
Biennial Lavatera. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1819. Pl. 3 to 4 ft. Cav. diss. 2. t. 32. f. 1. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 41.
.
Flowers pale
17 L. PUNCTA'TA (All. auct. p. 26.) stem herbaceous, some- red, with emarginate petals.
what scabrous from starry down ; leaves rather downy, lower Cretan Lavatera. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1723. Pl. 5 feet.
ones cordate, orbicular, upper ones 3-lobed; pedicels solitary, 25 L. SYLVE'STRIS (Brot. fl. lus. 2. p. 277.) stem herbaceous,
1-flowered, longer than the leaves. O. H. Native of Pro- scabrous from starry hairs ; leaves roundish, with 5-7 blunt
vence, Nice, and Italy, in cultivated fields. O'lbia defléxa, angles, upper ones somewhat 5-lobed, acute; pedicels aggregate,
Moench. suppl. p. 200. Flowers pale violet.
1-flowered, shorter than the petioles; involucel 3-parted. O. H.
Spotted-stemmed Lavatera. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1800. Pl. 2 ft. Native of Portugal by road-sides about Coimbra and elsewhere.
18 L. LANCEOLA'TA (Willd. enum. 733.) stem herbaceous, Flowers pale-purple, with deeper coloured veins.
with scabrous dots ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrated, clothed Wild Lavatera. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1817. Pl. 2 to 4 feet.
with starry pubescence; upper leaves very entire ; peduncles 26 L. AMBIGUA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 440.) stem herbaceous,
solitary, longer than the leaves. O. H. Native of? Perhaps hispid ; lower leaves with 5 angular lobes, upper ones with 3
a variety of L. punctàta. Flower pale purple.
lanceolate, acute, toothed lobes ; middle lobe longish; pedicels
Lanceolate-leaved Lavatera. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1817. Pl. solitary, shorter than the leaves ; carpels naked. O? H. Na-
3 feet.
tive of fields about Naples. L. sylvestris, Ten. prod. p. 40. but
Sect. III. Axo'LOPHA (from ağwv, axon, an axle-tree, also a
not of Brot. Flowers purple.
pole, and logos, lophos, a crest; alluding to the receptacle or
Ambiguous Lavatera. Fl. Jul. Sep. Clt. 1824. Pl. 2 to 3 ft.
axis of fruit being expanded into a crest at the apex.) D.C.
Species not sufficiently known.
prod. 1. p. 439. Receptacle or axis of fruit truncate at the 27 L.? TRIPARTITA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 440.) stem suffruti-
apex, and expanded into a crest.
cose ; branches and leaves hoary from starry down ; leaves 3-
19 L. MARITIMA (Gouan. ill. p. 46. t. 11. f. 2.) stem shrubby, parted, with cuneated lobes, which are grossly notched at the
downy ; leaves downy, roundish, bluntly angular, 5-lobed, cre- apex ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered; involucel adhering to the
nated; pedicels axillary, solitary. ħ. F. Native of the south tube of the calyx. ħ. F. Native of ? Flowers purplish ?
of France and Spain, on rocks by the sea-side. Cav. diss. 2. Differing from all the other Malvaceous plants in the adhesion of
t. 32. f. 3. L. Hispánica, Mill. dict. no. 9. L. rotundifolia, the involucel to the calyx.
Lam. Flowers white, with purple claws.
Three-parted-leaved Lavatera. Shrub 4 feet.
Sea-side Lavatera. Fl. Apr. June.
Fl. Apr. June. Clt. 1596. Sh. 2 to 3 ft. 28 L. AUSTRA'LIS (Weinm. ex steud. nom.). O. H.
Native
20 L. TRI’LOBA (Lin. spec. 972.) stem shrubby, downy ; leaves
of Europe.
downy, rather cordate, and somewhat 3-lobed, round, crenated ; Southern Lavatera. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 feet.
pedicels aggregate; sepals acuminated. h. F. Native of Cult. The greenhouse and frame species will thrive well in
Spain. Cav. diss. 2. t. 31. f. 1. Sims, bot. mag. 2226. L. a mixture of loam and peat, or any light soil, and cuttings from
calycina, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 310. Flowers large. pale purple.
.
ripe wood planted in the same kind of soil under a hand-glass
Three-lobed-leaved Lavatera. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. will root readily, or they may be raised from seeds, which gene-
Shrub 4 feet.
rally ripen in abundance; they may be planted out against a
21 L. SUBOVA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 439.) stem suffruticose; south wall during summer, where many of them will survive the
leaves rather downy, ovate, notched, somewhat 3-lobed, with winter, if not severe, by being sheltered by a mat in frosty
the middle lobe longest ; pedicels 1 or 2, axillary, length of pe- weather. The perennial herbaceous species will grow in any
tioles; lobes of calyx acuminated. h. F. Native of fields kind of soil, and may either be increased by dividing the plants
about Mogador. Flowers pale purple.
at the root or by seeds. The annual and biennial kinds only
Subovate-leaved Lavatera. Fl. July.
Fl. July. Sh. 2 to 4 feet. require to be sown in the open border in the spring. All the
SECT. IV. ANTHE'MA (from avdepov, a flower; on account
species are hardy, and well adapted for shrubberies. The species
of the axillary bundles of flowers). Med. malv. p. 42.
worth cultivating for ornament are L. Olbia, unguiculàta, flava,
prod. 1. p. 439. Receptacle or axis of fruit small, foveolate,
Neapolitàna, Lusitánica, trimestris, 7'huringiaca and Crética.
not protruding, nor expanded into a crest.
VIII. MALA'CHRA (a name under which Pliny speaks of
22 L. ARBOREA (Lin. spec. 972.) stem arboreous ; leaves 7- a Persian tree which produces a gum. The modern plant has
.
p. 42. D. C.

470
MALVACEÆ. VIII. MALACHRA. IX. URENA.
p. 440.
a
nothing to do with the tree of Pliny ; but the name is preserved 11 M. BRACTEA'TA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 34. f. 2.) leaves palmate-
to designate plants analogous to mallow from the similitude of the lobed; heads of flowers on long stalks, 5-leaved, many-flowered;
word malachra with that of malache, which signifies a mallow). leaflets of involucre ovate, acute; flowers bracteate; stem
Lin. gen. ed. Schreb. no. 1131. Lam. ill. t. 580. D. C. prod. 1.
.
very hairy. O.S. Native of South America. Flowers white
with a red centre. Perhaps a species of Pavònia.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. General involucre 3 Bracteated Malachra. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 3 foot.
or 5-leaved, compassing the head of flowers. The proper invo-
,
12 M. ALCEÆFÒLIA (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 549.) leaves cordate,
lucel with 8 or 12 linear or bristle-shaped leaflets. Carpels 5, 5-lobed; heads of flowers stalked, 5-leaved, usually 10-flowered;
capsular, 1-seeded, disposed into a round head. Stigmas 10. stem beset with scattered bristles. O.S. Native of Caraccas.
1. M. U'Rens (Poit. in Schrad. journ. 2. p. 293.) leaves ovate,
URENS
Flowers yellow. Leaves of involucre 3-lobed, hastate.
5-nerved; heads of flowers almost sessile ; leaflets of involucre Alcæa-leaved Malachra. Fl. Aug.
Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1805. Pl. 5 ft.
notched at the base. O.S. Native of St. Domingo.
13 M. GAUDICHAUDIA'NA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 218.) leaves
Stinging Malachra. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
entire at the base, not cordate, palmately 5-lobed, middle lobe
2 M. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Schrank. hort. monac. t. 56.) leaves longest; heads of flowers terminal, on short peduncles, 6-leaved,
orbicular, crenated; heads of flowers stalked, 3-leaved and 5- 12-15-flowered ; stem hispid ; segments of the calyx oblong-
flowered ; leaflets of involucrum kidney-shaped. O.S. Na- triangular. O. S. Native of Brazil about Rio Janeiro.
tive of Brazil. Flowers yellow?
Flowers reddish.
Round-leaved Malachra. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 ft. Gaudichaud's Malachra. Fl. Dec. Pl. 1 foot.
3 M. PLUMÒSA (Desrous. in dict. encycl. 2. p. 686.) leaves 14 M. HEPTAPHY’LLA (Fisch. in Horn. suppl. 78.) leaves
elliptical, toothed; heads of flowers stalked, with many leaves and cordate, palmately 5-lobed, curled, with the middle lobe elon-
many flowers; interior leaflets of involucrum feather-fringed. gated; heads of flowers somewhat stalked, usually 5-leaved,
O? S. Native of Brazil. Sìda plumosa, Cav. diss. 1. t. 12. many-flowered. 0. S. Native of Brazil. M. fasciàta, Ker. .
f. 4. Flowers yellowish.
bot. reg. t. 467. Flowers yellow. Very like M. Alceæfòlia.
Feathered-involucred Malachra. Pl. 1 foot.
Seven-leaved Malachra. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1818. Pl. 2 ft.
4 M. cilia'TA (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 578.) leaves broad-ovate, - 15 M. PALMATA (Moench, meth. 615.) leaves palmate, 3-5-
unequally crenated, smooth ; heads of flowers almost sessile ; lobed, middle lobe longest, broadest at the apex; stem erect,
involucel and bracteas ciliated; stem pubescent. O? S. scabrous, with two villous decurrent lines running the whole
Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers white.
25
length. O.S. Native of? Flowers yellow. Perhaps M.
Ciliated-bracted Malachra. Pl. 1-3 feet.
alceæfòlia or a variety of M. heptaphylla ?
5 M. CORDATA (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 578.) leaves cordate, Palmate-leaved Malachra. Fl. Aug. Sept. Pl. 3 foot.
twice serrated, smoothish; heads of fowers rather loose, hardly 16 M. URE'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 441.) leaves angular, un-
involucrated ; bracteas elongated, filiform, very hairy. O.S. equally crenated, hairy on both surfaces; stem suffruticose;
Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers pale-yellow.
carpels muricated. h. G. Native of China about Canton.
Cordate-leaved Malachra. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
Urèna polyflòra, Lour, coch. p. 417. Flowers copper-coloured.
6 M. CAPITA'TA (Lin. syst. 518.) leaves roundish-cordate, Involucre containing many-flowers, as in the rest of the species.
bluntly angular and toothletted; heads stalked, 3-leaved, Urena-like Malachra. Shrub 3 feet.
7-flowered; stem scabrous. O. S. Native of the Caribbee Cult. Malachra is a genus of plants destitute of beauty,
islands in marshes, and tropical Africa. Sìda capitàta, Lin. act. therefore not worth cultivating, except in botanic gardens. They
ups. 1743. p. 137. t. 2. Flowers yellow.
only require to be sown in the spring in pots filled with loam
Headed-flowered Malachra. Fi. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1759. Pl, and sand, and placed in a hot-bed, where they may remain until
2 feet.
they have ripened their seed, or they may be removed to a
7 M. FASCIA'TA (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 548.) pilose; leaves stove when of sufficient size. They should be planted separately.
roundish, obsoletely lobed ; heads of flowers on short stalks,
3-leaved, and usually 5-flowered ; stem very villous. O.S.
Native of Caraccas. Flowers rose-coloured.
IX. URE'NA (a name latinized from Uren, the Malabar
Fasciated Malachra. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1819. Pl. 3-6 feet. name of one of the species.) Lin. gen. no. 844. Lam. ill. t. 583.
8 M. BERTE'RII (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 94.) shrubby ; stem Gært, fruct. 2. p. 252. t. 135. f. 2. D. C. prod. 1. p. 441.
rough, tomentose; leaves oblong, doubly toothed, beset with LIN. SYST. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-cleft
, girded
starry down above, but tomentose beneath and reticulated with by a 5-cleft involucel, which is joined to the middle.
veins; racemes axillary; leaflets of involucel coloured, nerved. Anthers on the top of the tube. Stigmas 10. Carpels 5, cap-
h. .S. Native of South America on the banks of the river sular, 1-seeded, connivent, generally echinated from prickles,
Magdalena.
which are rayed at the apex. Leaves usually furnished with
Bertero's Malachra. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
glands on the nerves on the under surface. Flowers red, usually
9 M. TRILOBA (Desf. hort. par. D. C. prod. 1. p. 440.) in the axillæ of the leaves.
leaves roundish, bluntly 3-lobed, crenulated, heads of flowers
on long stalks, many-flowered, 3-leaved ; stem scabrous. O.S.
§ 2. Leaves undivided or slightly 3-5-lobed.
Native of ? Flowers small, white. Poir, suppl. 3. p. 578. .
1 U. SPECIÒSA (Wall. pl. asiat. rar. p. 23. t. 26.) leaves 3-
Three-lobed-leaved Malachra. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. nerved, denticulated, hoary-tomentose beneath, with a gland on
Pl. 3 feet.
each nerve beneath, lower leaves roundish, acutely somewhat 3-
10 M. RADIA'TA (Lin. syst. p. 518.) leaves palmately-lobed ; lobed, on long petioles, middle leaves oblong-cordate, acumi-
heads of flowers stalked, 5-6-leaved, many-flowered ; leaves of nated, uppermost ones lanceolate, nearly sessile; corolla large,
involucre acuminated ; calyx and stems very hairy; flowers funnel-shaped, much longer than the calyx and 5-cleft involucel;
bractless. 8.S. Native of St. Domingo and Cayenne. Cav. carpels smooth, reticulated ; style 10-parted. h.s. Native
diss. 2. t. 33. f. 3. Sida radiàta, Lin. spec. 965. Flowers of the East Indies near Ava, on the lower part of mount Taong
purple.
Dong. This is a very elegant plant, with large pink flowers,
Rayed Malachra. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1794. Pl. 6 feet. which are disposed in a kind of terminal racemose panicle. It

MALVACEÆ. IX. URENA.
471
h
-
differs so much in habit from all the other species of this genus Subtrilobed-leaved Urena. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1823. Pl. 2 ft.
that we doubt its being a genuine species of Urèna.
13 U. GRANDIFLORA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. D. C. prod.
Shewy.Urena. Fl. Sep. Dec. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
1. p. 442.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, irregularly 3-lobed,
2 U. LOBA'TA (Lin. spec. 974.) leaves roundish, obtusely sub- grossly and unequally notched; petals glandular at the base.
3-lobed, soft and velvety on both surfaces, 7-nerved, 3-glanded; h. S. Native of Mexico. Flowers red, half an inch in dia-
calyxes oblong-lanceolate. O. G. Native of China.-Dill. meter.
elth. t. 319. f. 412.
Great-flowered Urena. Shrub 3 feet.
Lobed-leaved Urena. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. Pl. 1 to 3 ft. 14 U. VIMINEA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 335. t. 184. f. 1.) leaves
S U. SCABRIUSCULA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 441.) leaves roundish, somewhat rhomboid, toothed, netted and hoary beneath, with 1
acutely 3 or 5-lobed, scabrous above, but tomentose beneath, 7- gland, 5-7-nerved; pedicels 2-4 together, axillary; involucel
nerved, 1 to 3-glanded; calyxes linear. O.S. Native of the exceeding the calyx. n. S. Native of Brazil and Porto-
East Indies, Nipaul, and Brazil. U. lobàta, Cav. diss. 6. t. 185. Rico.
f. 1.-Breyn. cent. t. 35. ?
Twiggy Urena. Shrub 3 feet.
Roughish-leaved Urena. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 to 4ft. 15 U. MICROCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 442.) leaves ovate,
4 U. REPA'NDA (Smith in Rees' cycl. 37. no. 6 ?) leaves rhomboidal, somewhat 3-lobed, smoothish above, hoary beneath,
roundish, serrated, repandly-toothed, or somewhat lobed, pu- glandless, 3-nerved; fruit beset with hooked prickles. n. S.
berulous, pale, and netted beneath, with 1-gland ; upper leaves Native of the Caribbee Islands.
undivided ; involucels awl-shaped, longer than the calyx; car- Small-fruited Urena. Fl. July. Shrub 2 feet.
pels smooth. O? S. Native of the East Indies. Pavonia 16 U.? MONOPE'TALA (Lour. coch. 2. p. 508.) leaves ovate-
repánda, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 98.
p
lanceolate, serrated, downy; involucel shorter than the calyx ;
Repand-leaved Urena. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 feet.
2 corolla monopetalous. h.G. Native of Cochin-China.
5 U. LAPPA'GO (Smith in Rees' cycl. 37. no. 11.?) leaves Monopetalous Urena. Shrub 2 feet.
bluntly and repandly sinuated, somewhat cordate, hoary-pubes- 17 U. RIBE'SIA (Smith in Rees' cycl. 37. no. 5.) leaves acutely
cent beneath, with 1 gland; involucel of 5-lanceolate lobes, 3-lobed, rounded and cordate at the base, villous beneath, with
,
which are equal in length with the calyx. n. S. Native of
h. S. Native of 1 gland; lobes of involucel spatulate, blunt. h ? S. Native
Amboyna.-Rumph. amb. 6. t. 25.
of Surinam and the island of Barbadoes.-Sloane, jam. 1. t.
Burdock Urena. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 3 feet. 11. f. 2.
6 U. TOMENTÒSA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. Current-like Urena. Shrub 2 feet.
148.) leaves broad-ovate, angular, serrated, tomentose and
§ 2. Leaves profoundly 3 or 5-lobed, with wide recesses and
canescent beneath, with 1 gland, upper ones undivided, ovate or
lanceolate ; lobes of the involucel lanceolate, about equal in scolloped lobed lobes.
length to the calyx. K.S. Native of Java.
18 U. SwA'RTZII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 442.) leaves 3-lobed, pu-
Tomentose Urena. Shrub 2 feet.
berulous, pale beneath, with 1 gland; fruit beset with prickly
7 U. MULTI'FIDA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 336. t. 184. f. 2.) villous ; bristles. h.S. Native of the Caribbee islands and Surinam.
leaves cordate-ovate, deeply-5-lobed, with narrow recesses, and U. sinuàta, Swartz, obs. 264. U. Americàna, Smith in Rees'
acute grossly notched lobes, pubescent above, pale and villous cycl. 37. no. 4. but not of Lin. Flowers red or white. Very
beneath, with 1 gland, and 7 or 8 nerves. h.S. Native of like the following species.
Bourbon and the Mauritius. Flowers yellow, racemose.
Swartz's Urena. Fl. July. Clt. 1816. Shrub 2 feet.
Multifid-leaved Urena. Fl. Jan. Oct. Clt. 1817. Sh. 2 ft. 19 U. SINUATA (Lin. spec. 974.) leaves 5-lobed, puberulous,
8 U. Siebe'ri (Coll. hort. rip. p. 142. t. 39.) leaves orbicu- pale beneath, with 3 glands; lobes 3-lobed, toothletted, ob-
lar, sinuately 7-lobed, and deeply-toothed, hairy beneath, and 1-
Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 6. t. 185.
glanded ; involucel 10-cleft. h. S. Native of the isle of f. 2.-Rheed. mal. 10. t. 52. U. aculeata, Mill. dict. no. 2.
France. U. Mauritiàna, Sieb. Peduncles axillary, solitary, Scolloped-leaved Urena. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Shrub
very short. Flowers violaceous.
2 feet.
Sieber's Urena. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub 2 feet.
. ,
20 U. PARADOXA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 278.)
9 U. PROCU’MBENS (Lin. spec. 975.) leaves hastate, cordate, leaves profoundly trifid, with 3 glands at the base, puberulous
serrated ; stem shrubby, procumbent. . G. Native of China above, hoary-tomentose beneath, with sharply-serrulated seg-
on mountains.
ments, middle segment rhomboidal, profoundly scolloped, 3-
Procumbent Urena. Shrub trailing.
lobed, lateral ones smaller, 2 or 3-lobed, with the others usually
10 U. TRICU'SPIs (Cav. diss. 6. p. 334. t. 183. f. 1.) leaves obliterated. h. S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco
ovate, angular, 1-glanded, tomentosely villous, 3-lobed, with near Ature.
Flowers axillary, solitary, rose-coloured. Cap-
acuminated lobes; lobes of involucel striated ; stem hairy. 4. sules echinated. Resembling U. sinuàta.
S. Native of the isles of France and Bourbon. Flowers yellow. Paradoxical Urena. Shrub 4 feet.
Three-pointed-leaved Urena. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. . 21 U. MORIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 442.) leaves 5-lobed,
Pl. 2 feet.
somewhat puberulous above, pale-velvety beneath, with 1 gland;
11 U. RETICULA'TA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 335. t. 183. f. 2.) lower recesses serrated, very wide ; fruit downy and bristly. . S.
leaves 3-lobed, upper ones lanceolate, somewhat fiddle-shaped, Native of the Friendly islands. Young leaves densely tomentose.
hoary and reticulated beneath, with 1 gland; involucel exceed- Mulberry-leaved Urena. Shrub 3 feet.
ing the calyx. h.s. Native of Cayenne and St. Domingo. 22 U. MURICA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 442.) leaves 5-lobed,
U. Americana, Lin. fil. suppl. 308. but not of Smith.
hairy, pale beneath, with 1 gland, with narrow toothletted re-
Netted-leaved Urena. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1819. Shrub 2 feet. cesses; fruit muricated from small tubercles. h ? S. Native
12 U. SUBTRILOBA (Schrank. hort. mon. t. 79.) leaves with 1 of Bengal
gland beneath, soft, somewhat orbicular, 7-nerved, unequally Muricated-fruited Urena. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub
crenated, lower ones acuminated, middle ones 3-lobed, upper
2 feet.
ones deeply cleft ; lobes of all acuminated. O. S. Native of 23 U. HETEROPHY'LLA (Smith in Rees' cycl. 37. no. 8.)
Brazil. Flowers red.
leaves profoundly 5-lobed, hoary underneath, 1-glanded, with
tuse.
h.s.
-
.
h

472
MALVACEÆ. IX. URENA. X. PAVONIA.
a
.
broad recesses, middle lobe 3-lobed ; lobes obtuse, serrated ; Very like P. Typhàlea, but the leaves are much smaller.
upper leaves elongated, and contracted at the base; involucel Flowers reddish.
hardly equal in length to the calyx ; stem rather pilose. h.s. Typhalea-like Pavonia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824.
Clt. 1824. Shrub
Native of the East Indies.-Burm. zeyl. 150. t. 59. f. 2.- Pluk. 1 to 2 feet.
alm. t. 74. f. 1.
6 P. U'RENS (Cav. diss. 3. t. 49. f. 1 and 5. p. 283.) leaves 7-
Various-leaved Urena. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 ft. angled, acuminated, toothed, hairy; flowers axillary, almost
Cult. None of the species of Urèna are worth cultivating sessile, glomerated. h.S. Native of the islands of the Mau-
unless in botanic gardens, except U. speciosa. They are plants
They are plants ritius and Bourbon, in cold grassy places. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t.
of easy culture, will thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat, 552. Flowers flesh-coloured. The whole plant is villous, and
and cuttings will root readily if planted in the same kind of soil, smells like cucumber. Involucel 7-9-leaved, equal with the calyx.
under a hand-glass, but this in most cases will be unnecessary, Stinging Pavonia. Fl. Jan. Dec. Clt. 1801. Shrub 10 ft.
as most of the species ripen seed in plenty.
7 P. COMMU'NIS (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 224.) leaves cordate,
acuminated, unequally toothed, tomentose beneath, full of pel-
X. PAVONÍA (in honour of Don Joseph Pavon, M.D. of posed at the tops of the branches; involucel 6-leaved, longer
lucid dots, on short petioles; flowers solitary, racemosely dis-
Madrid, a traveller in Peru, and one of the authors of Flora
than the calyx. n. S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of
Peruviana, 5 vols. fol.) Cav. diss. 3. p. 132. Lam. ill. 585.
Minas Geraes and St. Paul. Flowers golden-yellow.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 442.
Common Pavonia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded by
a 5 to 15-leaved involucel. Stigmas 10. Carpels 5, capsular, 2-
8 P. se'PIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 225.) leaves ovate-oblong,
acuminated, unequally toothed, pilose beneath, full of pellucid
valved, 1-seeded.
dots ; flowers solitary, axillary ; involucel 5-leaved, about equal
U in length with the calyx. ñ.S. Native of Brazil near Rio
Sect. I. TyphA'LEA (from Tvows, typhos, having an hundred Janeiro. Flowers golden-yellow.
heads; heads of flowers.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 442. Carpels echi-
Hedge Pavonia. Fl. May. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
nated with stiff spines, each carpel usually furnished with 3 awns, 9 P.? LEPTOCA'RPA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 351.) leaves lanceolate,
these are covered with retrograde bristles or hairs.
serrated ; flowers sessile, glomerated; involucel 5-leaved ; styles
1 P. SPI'NIFEX (Willd. spec. 3. p. 854.) leaves ovate, acumi-
5. . S. Native of Surinam. Urèna leptocarpa, Lin. fil.
nated, somewhat cordate, unequally toothed ; pedicels axillary, suppl. 508. Perhaps a species of Hibiscus, from having 5
solitary, 1-flowered. h. S. Native of South America. Hibís-
styles. Flowers the size of those of Ranúnculus àcris, yellow.
cus spínifex, Lin. spec. 978. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 103. Flowers
Slender-fruited Pavonia. Fi, Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 10 ft.
large, yellow. Involucel 6-7-leaved, equal in length with the calyx.
Var. a, ovalifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 443.) leaves ovate; Sect. II. MAʼLACHE (from ualaxn, malache, the Greek name
corolla twice or thrice the length of the calyx. P. spínifex, of Mallow ; in allusion to the resemblance of plants.) Trew. ehr.
Cav. diss. 3. p. 133. t. 45. f. 2.
50. D. C. prod. 1. p. 443. Carpels unarmed, but some-
Var. B, aristàta (Cav. diss. 3. p. 133. t. 45. f. 3.) leaves some- times tuberculated. Involucel generally shorter than the calyx
what cordate ; corolla hardly longer than the calyx.
of 5 to 15 leaves.
Var. ), oblongifolia (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.) 10 P. HASTA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 138. t. 47. f. 2.) leaves lan-
leaves oblong; corolla length of calyx.
ceolate, halbert-shaped, toothed ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered ;
Var. d, grandiflora (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.) involucel 5-leaved. h. S. Native of Brazil on the banks of
leaves cordate; corolla twice or thrice the length of the calyx. the river Uruguay. Flowers red, with deeper veins.
Prickly-fruited Pavonia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1778. Shrub Halbert-shaped-leaved Pavonia. Fl. Jan. Shrub 1 to 4 feet.
2 to 4 feet.
11 P. MURICA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 225. t. 44.) leaves
2 P. INTERME'DIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 223.) leaves ovate- ovate, sub-cordate or lanceolate, pubescent above, but tomentose
lanceolate, denticulately-serrated, hairy; flowers sub-glomerate, beneath ; flowers terminal, aggregate; involucel 5-leaved, about
terminal; involucel 8-10-leaved ; leaflets connate at the base, equal in length to the calyx ; carpels muricated on the back and
rather longer than the calyx. n. S. Native of Brazil in the
top. ħ. S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes
province of Minas Geraes. Flowers whitish.
and St. Paul, in woods. Flowers red, rarely flesh-coloured.
Intermediate Pavonia. Fl. Jan. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
There are two varieties of this plant; one with large red flowers,
3 U. STELLA'TA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 97.) leaves oblong-lan- and the other with smaller flesh-coloured flowers.
ceolate, elongated, unequally denticulated, rough from stellate Muricated-carpelled Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
down, canescent beneath ; peduncles terminal, capitate ; fruit 12 P. LAXIFLORA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 226.) leaves cor-
1-awned, awn covered with retrograde hairs. h.si
h.S. Native of
Native of date, acuminated, unequally toothed, villous on both surfaces,
Brazil. Urèna stellàta, Spreng. neu entd. 2. p. 163.
full of pellucid dots; flowers solitary, axillary, or terminal,
Starry-haired Pavonia, Shrub 2 feet.
sub-corymbose ; involucel 6-leaved, a little longer than the
4 P. TyphA'LEA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 134 and 150. t. 197,) leaves calyx; carpels unarmed, tuberculately puberulous. h.s. Na-
oblong-lanceolate, toothed; peduncles axillary and somewhat tive of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, in woods.
terminal, many-flowered; flowers disposed in capitate bundles. Flowers yellow.
h.s. Native of Jamaica and Guiana, in shady moist places, as Lax-flowered Pavonia. Fl. March. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
well as of Brazil. Urèna Typhàlea, Lin. mant. 258. Swartz, 13 P. COCCI'NEA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 140. t. 47. f. 1.) leaves cor-
obs. 294. Flowers small, white or pale-red. Involucel 8-leaved. date, 3-lobed, serrated; pedicels 1-flowered, axillary, ascend-
Typhalea Pavonia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. ing ; involucel 5-leaved ; leaflets narrow. h. S. Native of
5 P. TYPHALÆOI DES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. St. Domingo.—Plum. ed. Burm. t. 169. f. 2. Flowers scarlet,
279.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, obtuse and crenated at the 2 inches in diameter.
base; flowers terminal, crowded into small heads; involucel 5- Scarlet-flowered Pavonia. Clt. 1816. Sh. 4 feet.
leaved ; carpels with 3 long awns. h. S. Native of New 14 P, COLUMEʼLLA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 138. t. 48. f. 3.) leaves
Granada between St. Anna and Mariquita, also of Trinidad, 5-angled, with toothed, acuminated lobes ; pedicels axillary, 1-
-

MALVACEÆ. X. PAVONIA.
473
flowered, much shorter than the petioles ; involucel 5-leaved. densely hairy, canescent beneath; flowers axillary, and somewhat
h.S. Native of Bourbon. Columélla Malvínda, Comm. mss. terminal, on short peduncles ; involucel of 7 or 9 lanceolate
Flowers purplish.
spatulate leaflets. 4. S. Native of South America near An-
Columella's Pavonia. Fl. July. Clt. 1807. Shrub 3-6 ft.
,
gustura. Petals violet, with purple claws 14 inch long.
15 P. PARVIFLÓRA (Desf. hort. par. Poir. suppl. 4. p. 335.) Shewy Pavonia. Pl. 2 feet.
leaves rather hairy, 5-angled, with ovate or lanceolate lobes ; 24 P. PAPILIONA CEA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 140. t. 49. f. 2.) leaves
pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, length of petioles, and are as well roundish-cordate, acute, toothed; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered,
as petioles very hairy ; involucel 5-leaved
h.S. Native of? about the length of the petioles ; style ascending; involucel of
Flowers yellowish-white.
10 leaflets. h. S. Native of the island of Taheity. Flowers
Small-flowered Pavonia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 2 ft. yellow. Stem tomentose.
16 P. GLECHOMOI'DES (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 227. t. 45.) Butterfly Pavonia. Shrub 3 feet. .
leaves orbicular, cordate, crenate, pilose on both surfaces, full 25 P. PELLI'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 282.)
of pellucid dots; flowers solitary, axillary; involucel 5-6-leaved, leaves ovate, acute, obsoletely cordate, crenulated, soft, hairy,
about equal in length to the calyx ; carpels unarmed, obovate, brownish-canescent beneath; flowers axillary and terminal, on
girded by elevated margins. n. S. Native of Brazil in the short peduncles; leaflets of involucel 11, linear-filiform, one-
province of Cis-platine, Monte Video, &c. Flowers white and half shorter than the calyx. ħ. S. Native of South America
flesh-coloured.
near Maypure on the river Orinoco. Petals red, violet at the
Ground-ivy-like Pavonia. Fl. Nov. Shrub 1 to 2 feet. base. Resembling P. speciosa.
17 P. AFFI'NIS (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 229.) leaves hastate, Clad Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
lanceolate, obsoletely toothed, tomentose beneath, full of pellu- 26 P. NUDICAU’LIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 231.) leaves dis-
cid dots; flowers axillary, solitary; involucel 5-leaved ; leaflets tant, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, toothed, tomentose beneath;
broad, shorter than the calyx ; carpels unarmed, obovate, girded flowers terminal, crowded ; involucel 10-leaved, dilated at the
by prominent margins. Þ. S. Native of Brazil in the pro- top, about equal in length with the calyx. h.S. Native of
vince of Minas Geraes. Flowers pale red.
Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers flesh-coloured.
Allied Pavonia. Fl. May. Shrub 5-6 feet.
Naked-stemmed Pavonia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
18 P. SAGITTA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 229.) leaves sa- 27 P. POLYMORPHA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 232.) leaves round-
gittate-lanceolate, toothed, tomentose beneath, full of pellucid ish or ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, denticulately-ser-
dots; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-2-flowered ; involucel 5-7- rated; flowers solitary, or crowded terminal; involucel 8-10-
leaved, a little shorter than the calyx ; carpels unarmed, obo- leaved, dilated at the top, shorter than the calyx; carpels
vate, girded by a prominent margin. Þ. s. Native of Brazil smooth. n. S.
h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas
in the province of Minas Geraes, in fields. Flowers rose-co- Geraes, in dry fields. Flowers flesh-coloured.
loured.
Var. B, cucurbitàcea (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves ovate, cordate, 3
Var. f, sessiliflòra (St. Hil. 1. c.) flowers sessile.
inches long, hardly toothed, full of pellucid dots ; peduncles
Arrow-leaved Pavonia. Fl. Feb. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
axillary, short, 1-flowered.
19 P. SIDÆFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 283.) Polymorphous Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
leaves ovate, acutish, cordate, crenately-serrated, hairy above, 28 P. SESSILIFLÓRA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
hoary-tomentose beneath; flowers stalked, axillary, and termi- 281.) leaves ovate, acute, somewhat cordate, serrated, hairy
nal; involucel of 5 or 7 lanceolate leaves. 2. S. Native of above, clothed with long, soft, canescent hairs beneath ; flowers
South America between Angustura and Trapiche de Ferreras. axillary, almost sessile or terminal, aggregate ; leaflets of invo-
Branches hairy. Flowers yellow, dark purple at the base. lucel 10, hooked backwards at the top, a little shorter than the
Sida-leaved Pavonia. Pl. 2 feet.
calyx. n. S. Native of New Granada near St. Anna, and
20 P. RACEMÒSA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1215.) leaves Brazil. Flowers copper-coloured or yellow. Carpels 5, smooth.
.
ovate, cordate, acuminate, serrated; raceme terminal, naked ; Sessile-flowered Pavonia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
pedicels longish; involucel 8-10-leaved. h.S. Native of Ja- 29 P. HISPIDA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 99.) herbaceous; leaves
maica and Guadaloupe, in marshes. Roots rising above the earth cordate, 3-5-lobed, hairy; lobes sinuated, bluntly toothed;
and often arched as in Rhizophòra or Mangrove. P. spicata, leaflets of involucel 7, awl-shaped ; peduncles 1-flowered, shorter
Cav. diss. 3. t. 46. f. 1.-Sloan. jam. 1. p. 121. t. 139. f. 2. than the petioles. H. S. Native of? Flowers white with a
Flowers brownish-yellow. Leaves scabrous above.
yellow base. Hibiscus hísipdus, Spreng. pug. 2. p. 73.
Racemose-flowered Pavonia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Hispid Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Shrub 5-10 feet.
30 P. PRÆMO'RSA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 833.) leaves broadly-
p
21 P. GRANDIFLÓRA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 232.) leaves cor- obovate, truncate, and crenated at the apex ; pedicels axillary,
date, acuminated, unequally toothed, velvety-tomentose on both 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; involucel of 14 bristle-like
surfaces; flowers axillary, solitary ; involucel 12-leaved, about leaves. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot.
equal in length to the calyx; carpels smooth. n. S. Native mag. 436. P. cuneifòlia, Cav. diss. 3. t. 45. f. 1. Hibiscus præ-
of Brazil in the province of Goyaz. Flowers flesh-coloured. mórsus, Lin. fil. suppl. 309. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 141. Flowers
Great-flowered Pavonia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
pale-yellow.
22 P. VELUTÌNA (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 233.) leaves cordate,
fl
Bitten-leaved Pavonia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 5 ft.
acuminated, crenulated, or 3-lobed, denticulately-serrated, vel-
vety-tomentose on both surfaces; flowers solitary, axillary, or Sect. III. CANCELLA'RIA (from cancellus, a lattice, or grate; dis-
terminal
, panicled ; involucel many-leaved, much shorter than position of the leaflets of the involucrum). D. C. prod. 1. p. 444.
the calyx ; carpels unarmed, ovate, clammy. h.s. Native of Carpels unarmed. Involucel of 5-15 leaves, longer than the calyx.
,
Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Lopímia malacophylla, 31 P. Muti'sII (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 283.)
Mart. in act. bot. vol. xi. p. 97 ? Flowers red.
leaves ovate, somewhat acuminate, cordate, serrated, very soft,
Velvety Pavonia. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 3 to 7 feet. pubescent above, canescently-tomentose beneath ; flowers axil-
23 P. SPECIOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 281.
p
lary and terminal, stalked ; leaflets of involucel 8, a little longer
t. 477.) leaves ovate-elliptical, acute, cordate, toothletted, than the calyx. n. S. Native of New Granada on mountains.
-
VOL. I. - PART V.
3 P

474
MALVACEÆ, X. PAVONIA.
a
Hibíscus cordifolius, Lin. fil. suppl. 309. Branches downy. cordate, lower ones somewhat serrated at the apex, blunt, upper
Flowers yellow.
ones angular, acute; pedicels 1-flowered, generally solitary, rather
Mutis's Pavonia. Shrub 3 feet.
shorter than the petioles ; involucel 12-leaved. 9. S. Native
32 P. H'RTA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 99.) shrubby, clothed with of Bengal. The whole plant is pilose and viscid. Flowers yellow.
stellate down, hairy ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, crenated; pedun- Sida-like Pavonia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819. Pl. 2 ft.
cles 1-flowered; involucel of 5 lanceolate leaves. h . s. Native 42 P. ZEYLA'NICA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 838. exclusive of the
of Monte Video.
synonyme of Seb.) pilose ; lower leaves roundish-cordate, cre-
Hairy Pavonia. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
nate, the rest 3-5-lobed ; pedicels axillary, l-flowered; invo-
33 P. MO'LLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 283.) lucel of 10 fringed, bristle-like leaves. O. S. Native of
leaves roundish-ovate, cordate, acuminated, obsoletely 3-lobed, Ceylon. Hibíscus Zeylanicus, Lin. spec. 981. Hibiscus are-
serrated, hairy, soft and canescent beneath ; flowers axillary and nàrius, Scop. del. ins. 3. t. 2. Flowers flesh-coloured, about
terminal, stalked ; leaflets of involucel 8, linear, almost twice
1
the size of those of Potentilla anserina.
the length of the calyx. . S. Native of New Granada. Var. a, Burmánni (D. C. prod. 1. p. 444.) leaves 3-5-cleft;
Branches pilose, viscid. Flowers violet.
pedicels shorter than the leaves.-Burm. ind. t. 48. f. 2.
Soft Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Var. B, Cavanillèsii (D. C. 1. c.) leaves 3-5--parted; pedicels
34 P. DIURE'TICA (St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. no. 53. fl. bras. 1. p. longer than the leaves.-Cav. diss. 3. t. 48. f. 2.
234.) leaves cordate, acuminated, denticulately-serrated, velvety, Ceylon Pavonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1790. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
2 .
tomentose on both surfaces, full of pellucid dots ; flowers axil- 43 P. CANCELLA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 135.) pilose ; leaves cor-
lary, solitary; involucel 6-7-leaved, longer than the calyx. date, arrow-shaped, toothed; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered,
h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. longer than the petioles; involucel of 13-15 leaves, pilose. O.S.
Flowers sulphur-coloured. A decoction of this plant is em- Native of Surinam, French Guiana, Caraccas, and Brazil. Hi-
ployed with success as a diuretic in Dysuria.
bíscus cancellatus, Lin. fil. suppl. t. 311. Plant prostrate.
Diuretic Pavonia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Flowers sulphur-coloured with a violet centre. Leaves 5-lobed.
35 P. PANICULA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 135. t. 46. f. 2.) villous ; Latticed Pavonia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. į to 1 ft.
leaves cordate, roundish, acuminated, crenately toothed, some- 44 P. HUMIFU'SA (St. Hil. fi. bras. 1. p. 235.) leaves cordate,
times tricuspidate ; flowers panicled; stamens declinate ; invo-
;
3-5-lobed, unequally toothed, velvety-tomentose on both sur-
lucel of 8 or 9 leaves. ñ .s. Native of Peru at the source faces; flowers axillary, solitary ; involucel 18-leaved, much
;
of the river Maragnon, and near Caraccas at the river Anauco. longer than the calyx ; carpels angular, tricuspidate at the apex.
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 280. Uréna foe'tida, h. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro by the sea-side.
Lher. mss. Flowers yellow.
Flowers greenish-yellow.
Panicled-flowered Pavonia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. . Trailing Pavonia. Shrub prostrate.
3 or 4 feet.
36 P. CORYMBOSA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 836.) leaves cordate or Sect. IV. MALVAVISCOÌDEÆ (plants agreeing with the genus
angular, serrated, smooth ; flowers corymbose ; peduncles and Malvaviscus in the connivent corolla and exserted stamens).
many-leaved involucels pilose. K.S. Native of Jamaica and Staminiferous tube exserted beyond the connivent corolla.
Hispaniola, on the banks of rivers. Althæ'a corymbosa, Swartz, 45 P. MALVAVISCOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 237.) leaves
A. ind. occid. 2. p. 1213. Flowers pale yellow. Involucel 10- cordate, nearly entire, coriaceous, canescent beneath ; flowers
12-leaved.
subterminal, solitary ; involucel 10-leaved, shorter than the
Corymbose-flowered Pavonia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. calyx. ħ. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Geraes on the mountains called Serra da Cadonga. Flowers
37 P. ODORA'TA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 837.) leaves ovate, some- splendid red.
what cordate, 3-pointed, rather toothed, and are as well as the Malvaviscus-like Pavonià. Fl. March. Shrub 5 feet.
.
branches pilose, viscid ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, somewhat 46 P. CONFE'RTA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 238.) leaves crowded
racemose at the tops of the branches; involucel of 12 ciliated at the tops of the branches, long-lanceolate, acuminated, nearly
leaves. P.S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers red. entire ; flowers terminal, crowded ; involucel many-leaved, in
Sweet-scented Pavonia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1807. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 2 series, shorter than the calyx. . s.
h.s. Native of Brazil, in
38 P. RÒSA-CAMPE'STRIS (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 236. t. 46.) woods. Flowers dark purple.
leaves cordate, acute, unequally serrated, coriaceous, puberu- Crowded-leaved Pavonia. Fl. Oct. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
lous; flowers axillary or terminal, 1-3 together; involucel 12- 47 P. MULTIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 239. t. 47.) leaves
14-leaved, much longer than the calyx ; carpels acuminated. long-lanceolate, acuminated, nearly entire, scabrous ; flowers
h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. sub-terminal, rather corymbose, many-flowered ; involucel many-
Flowers rose-coloured.
leaved, in 2 series, a little longer than the calyx.
Field-rose Pavonia. Fl. May.
Fl. May. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Native of Brazil, in woods. Flowers greenish.
39 P. viscosa (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 236.) leaves cordate, Many-flowered Pavonia. Fl. Oct. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
acute, denticulated, puberulous, clammy; flowers axillary or 48 P. LONGIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 239.) leaves very
subterminal, solitary; involucel 15-16-leaved, a little longer long, elliptic-lanceolate, obsoletely-toothed, scabrous ; flowers
than the calyx ; carpels unarmed, obtuse. ħ. S. Native of sub-terminal, crowded ; involucel many-leaved, in 2 series, a
Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellowish-red. little longer than the calyx. H.S. Native of Brazil, in woods.
Clammy Pavonia. Fl. March.
Pavonia. Fl. March. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Flowers greenish.
40 P. MEXICANA. (H. B. et Kunth, nov. spec. amer. 5. p. Long-leaved Pavonia. Fl. Oct. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
284.) leaves hastately-cordate, acuminated, serrate-crenate, 49 P. TRICALYCA'ris (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 240.) leaves long,
p
clothed beneath as well as the branches with clammy tomentum ; elliptic-lanceolate, entire ; flowers terminal, crowded ; involucel
peduncles 1-flowered ; leaflets of involucel 10-15, linear. 4. S. many-leaved, in 2 series, a little longer than the calyx, but the
Native of Mexico. Flowers red. Leaves hoary beneath. outer series is small. Þ.S. Native of Brazil, in woods.
Mexican Pavonia. Pl. 3 to 6 feet.
Three-calyxed Pavonia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet?
41 P. sidoides (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p.658.) leaves roundish- 50 P. ALNIFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 241.) leaves sub-
ħ.s.
.
1

MALVACEÆ. X. PAVONIA. XI. MALVAVISCUS.
475
-
ovate, obtusely toothed, very smooth, shining, full of pellucid Five-fruited Malvaviscus. Shrub 10 feet.
dots; flowers sub-terminal, solitary ; involucel 5-leaved, con- 8 M. CILIA'TUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 445.) leaves ovate, acute,
nate at the base, a little longer than the calyx ; genitals hardly serrated; pedicels solitary ; leaflets of involucel linear, ciliated;
exserted. h.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Ja- petals acutely auricled at the base. ħ.S. Native of the island
neiro. Flowers yellowish, sometimes twin.
of Tobago. Pavonia spiràlis, Cav. icon. 5. t. 434. Achània
Alder-leaved Pavonia. Fl. Aug. Shrub 5-6 feet.
ciliàta, Spreng. Flowers scarlet. Leaves cordate.
Cult. The greater part of the species of this genus are worth Ciliated-involucred Malvaviscns. Shrub 8 feet.
cultivating for the beauty of their blossoms. They are all free 9 M. CONCIÓNNUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 286.)
growing plants, for the most part ripening seed in abundance, leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, cordate, grossly crenate-ser-
and ripened cuttings of the shrubby and perennial herbaceous rated; puberulous on both surfaces; flowers 2 or 3 together,
species
will root freely if planted in sand under a hand-glass, somewhat corymbose ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; invo-
placed in a moderate heat. The annual and biennial species re- lucel 7-leaved, equal in length with the calyx. H.S. Native
quire the same treatment as other stove annuals and biennials. of Peru near Loxa. Achània concínna, Spreng. Flowers twin
or tern. Petals fringed, scarlet. Branchlets downy.
XI. MALVA VI'SCUS (from malva, mallow, and viscus,
Neat Malvaviscus. Shrub 10 feet.
glue). Dill. elth. 210. Cav. diss. 3. p. 131. D. C. prod. 1. 10 M. GRANDIFLÒRUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
p. 445.-Achània, Swartz. prod. 2.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx girded by a soletely cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, serrated, smoothish ; pe-
p. 286.) leaves ovate-oblong, acute, rounded at the base or ob-
many-leaved involucel. Petals erect, convolute. Stigmas 10.
duncles solitary, longer than the petioles ; involucel 8-leaved,
Carpels 5, baccate, 1-seeded, sometimes distinct, but usually
shorter than the calyx. n. S.
R.S. Native of Mexico, near Gua-
connected into a 5-celled fruit. Mallow-like shrubs, usually
naxuato. Branches and petioles pilose. Flowers scarlet.
with scarlet campanulate flowers with the staminiferous column
Great-flowered Malvaviscus. Shrub 10 feet.
protruding beyond the corolla.
11 M. ACAPULCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
SECT. I. ACHA'NIA (from a priv. xaos, chaos, an opening, or p. 286.) leaves ovate, somewhat acuminated, profoundly-cor-
ažavns, achanes, firm; because the corolla always appears half date, coarsely toothed, pilose on both surfaces, soft and canescent
closed). D. C. prod. 1. p. 445. Petals eared at the base. beneath ; peduncles solitary, longer than the petioles ; involucel
1 M. CA'NDIDUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex, icon. ined. D. C. usually 7-leaved, about equal in length with the calyx. n. S.
prod. 1. c.) leaves cordate, 5-cleft, rather acute, with the middle Native of Mexico near Acapulca. Flowers scarlet. Perhaps
lobe longest ; involucel 10 or 12-leaved, rather spreading, ħ.S. the same as M. pilosus.
Native of Mexico. Flowers red.
Acapulca Malvaviscus. Shrub 12 feet.
White-leaved Malvaviscus. Shrub 12 feet.
12 M. POPPI’GII (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 100. under Achània)
2 M. ARBOREUS (Cav. diss. 3. t. 48. f. 1.) leaves cordate, 3-5- leaves truncate at the base, ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat
lobed, acuminated, roughish ; leaflets of involucel erect. n. S. 3-lobed, toothed, hairy ; involucels spreading ; genitals exserted.
Native of Jamaica, NewGranada, and Mexico,on calcareous rocks. h.s. Native of Cuba. Flowers scarlet.
Achània Malvaviscus, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1222. Sims, bot.
p
Poppig's Malvaviscus. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
mag. t. 2305. Hibíscus Malvavíscus, Lin. spec. 978.-Dill. elth.
t. 170.-Sloan. hist. 1. p. 216. t. 136. f. 1. Flowers large, scarlet.
Tree Malvaviscus. Fl. year. Clt. 1714. Shrub 12 feet. SECT. II. ANOTEA (from a priv. and notus, known; not
3 M. MO'LLIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 445.) leaves cordate, some-
.
sufficiently known). D. C. prod. 1. p. 445. Petals not eared at
what 3-lobed, soft, tomentose ; leaflets of involucel rather the base. Species not sufficiently known. Distinct from Hibiscus
spreading. h.S. Native of Mexico. Achània móllis, Ait. hort. in having 10 stigmas, from section Achània in the petals not
kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 459. Ker. bot. reg. t. 11. Flowers scarlet. being eared at the base, but the plants appear to agree with sec-
Soft-leaved Malvaviscus. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1780. Sh. 12 ft. tion Malvaviscoidee of Pavonia.
4 M. PILO'SUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 445.) leaves cordate, cre- 13 M.? CORDA'TUS (Nees. and Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi.
nated, obtuse or acuminated ; branches and petioles pilose.
;
p. 99. under Achània) leaves cordate, crenated, tomentose
h.S. Native of the south of Jamaica in bushy places. Achà- underneath ; involucel 8 or 9-leaved, and is as well as the calyx
nia pilòsa, Swartz. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1224. Lodd. bot. cav. beset with bristles ; stamens not protruding beyond the flower.
829. Flowers red.
h.s. Native of Brazil. Flowers deep red.
Pilose Malvaviscus. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1780. Sh. 12 ft. Cordate-leaved Malvaviscus. Shrub 5 to 10 feet.
5 M. BALBI'SII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 445.) leaves cordate, acu- 14 M.? FLA’VIDUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.) leaves
minated, scabrous on both surfaces, with the nerves beneath as acutely 5-angled, toothed, cordate at the base; corolla cylindri-
well as the petioles and branchlets hairy-tomentose ; pedicels cal; column of stamens erect, twice the length of the petals.
twice as long as petioles. . S. Native of? M. cordatus, h.S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellowish.
Balb. herb. A very shewy plant with scarlet flowers and entire Yellow Malvaviscus. Shrub 6 feet.
linear-acute leaflets of involucel.
15 M.? PLEURO'GONUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.
Balbis's Malvaviscus. Shrub 10 feet.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 446.) leaves palmately and acutely 5-7-lobed,
6 M. PENDULIFLORUS (Moc. et Sesse, f. mex. icon. ind. D. C. toothed, cordate at the base ; corolla somewhat campanulate;
prod. 1. p. 445.) leaves ovate, rather cordate, acute, serrated ; column of stamens very long, somewhat declinate ; anthers for
pedicels slender, nodding inwards ; involucels erectish. . S. the most part secund. ħ.s. Native of Mexico.
Native of Mexico. Flowers red.
Side-angled Malvaviscus. Shrub 6 feet.
Pendulous-flowered Malvaviscus. Shrub 10 feet.
16 M.? PLEURANTHE'RUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.)
7 M. PENTACA'RPUS (Moc. et Sesse. fl. mex. icon. ind. D.C. leaves cordate at the base, acutely 3-5-lobed, palmatifid ; lobes
prod. 1. p. 445.) leaves cordate-ovate, acute, serrated, hardly toothed, middle one longest; Howers somewhat cylindrical ;
3-lobed; pedicels erect ; leaflets of involucel linear; carpels column of stamens erect, equal in length to the petals; anthers
5, baccate, somewhat distinct from each other. h. S. Native of secund. h.s. Native of Mexico. Flowers red?
Mexico. Atlat-zopillin. Hern. mex. 117. icon. Flowers scarlet ? Side-anthered Malvaviscus. Shrub 8 feet.
-
3 P 2

476
MALVACEÆ. XII. LEBRETONIA. XIII. HIBISCUS.
scar-
.
Cult. The greater part of the species of this genus bear bright tain woods. Malvavíscus puníceus, Bory, ined. Flowers sc
scarlet flowers; therefore they are desirable in all collections. let, campanulate.
A mixture of loam and peat will suit them best, and cuttings Var. ß, hybridus (Hook. bot. mag. 2891.) This is a splendid
will root readily in sand under a hand-glass; these should be hybrid, produced from H. liliiflòrus, impregnated by the pollen
a
taken off as near the stem of the plant as possible, not being so of H. mutábilis. Flowers large. h. S. Raised in the Mau.
apt to rot as when taken off by the middle of the shoot. None ritius.
of the leaves should be taken off or shortened above the sand, Lily-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Tree
(Sweet.)
8 to 12 feet.
2 H. BIFLÒRUS (Spreng. syst. tent. suppl. p. 19.) leaves ob-
XII. LEBRETO'NIA (in honour of Manuel Le Breton, a long-lanceolate, remotely toothed, pilose above, but tomentose
French botanist.) Schrank, pl. rar. hort. mon. t. 90. D. C. prod. and veiny beneath; peduncles axillary, straight, forked, 2-
1. p. 446.
flowered ; involucel 4-leaved, stellately-pubescent, with the leaf-
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-parted, girded lets broad and lanceolate, and drawn out at the base, longer than
by a rather shorter 5-parted involucel. Petals 5, in part pro- the woolly calyx, but equal in length to the conniving campanu-
truding, twisted in the bud, with a spreading border. Styles 10. late corolla. ħ. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. This
Carpels 5, or from abortion only 4, 1-seeded, indehiscent. Per-
is a very shewy species.
haps sufficiently distinct from the second section of Pavonia.
Two-flowered Hibiscus. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
1 L. cocci'NEA (Schrank. l. c.) leaves ovate, acuminated, ser- 3 H. BORYA'NUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 446.) leaves ovate, a little
rated; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, longer than the petioles; toothed, undivided, 5-nerved, smooth ; involucel 5-7-leaved, a
, 1;
corolla twice as long as the involucel. h. S.
h. S. Native of Bra-
little longer than the 5-toothed calyx; petals oblong, rather
zil. Pavònia Schránkii, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 98.
98. Trunk hispid. velvety. ħ. S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers
Flowers large,scarlet. Leaves pubescent above, tomentose beneath. white, on very short pedicels.
Scarlet-flowered Lebretonia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. . Bory de St. Vincent's Hibiscus. Shrub 10 feet.
Shrub 4 feet.
4 H. FRAGILIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 446.) leaves ovate, hardly
2 L. LATIFÒLIA (Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 98.) 3-lobed, toothed, smooth ; pedicels 1-flowered, length of leaves;
leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, acutish, crenately-serrated, pu- involucel 5-leaved. h.s. Native of Bourbon. Malvaviscus
bescent; pedicels 1-flowered ; corolla almost equal in length with frágilis, Bory. ined. Flowers red.
the involucel. . S. Native of Brazil. Pavònia latifolia, Brittle Hibiscus Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
Spreng. syst. 3. p. 98. Flowers scarlet. Calyx greenish, as in 5 H. PEDUNCULA'TUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 163. t. 66. f. 2.) leaves
L. coccinea Leaves pubescent.
3 or 5-lobed, obtuse, crenated, hairy; pedicels twice as long as
Broad-leaved Lebretonia. Shrub 4 feet.
the leaves ; involucel many-leaved ; corolla rather campanulate.
3 L. SEMISERRA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 446.) leaves oblong, . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Ker, bot. reg. t.
serrated at the apex, coriaceous, on long stalks ; flowers ter- 231. Flowers small, bright red.
minal; calyx coloured, permanent. n. S. Native of Brazil. Pedunculated-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. May, Dec. Clt. 1812.
Schoùwia semiserràta, Schrad. goett. ann. 1821. p. 717. A Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
doubtful plant.
6 H. CALLÒSUS (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 649.)
Semiserrated Lebretonia. Shrub 4 feet?
leaves half 3-lobed, acuminated, upper ones heart-shaped, stel-
Cult. These shrubs deserve to be cultivated in every collec- lately-pubescent beneath ; peduncles sub-racemose ; involucels
tion on account of their shewy scarlet blossoms. They require very minute, callose at the tip; calyx toothed, smooth; capsules
to be treated in the same manner as recommended for Malva-
oval, pentagonal, 3 times larger than the calyx. h.S. Native
viscus.
of Java.
Callose-involucelled Hibiscus. Tree 15 feet.
XIII. HIBI'SCUS (from ißiokos, hibiscos, one of the names 7 H. LAʼMPAS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 154. t. 56. f. 2.) leaves cor-
given by the Greeks to Mallow. The Hibiscus of Pliny appears date, 3-lobed, smooth, dotted beneath ; pedicels solitary, l-
to be an umbelliferous plant, while that of Virgil is a plant with flowered at the tops of the branches, longer than the petioles ;
pliant branches, which was made into baskets. The name is involucel small, of 5 or 7 bristle-like leaves. h.s. Native of
said to be derived from Ibis, a stork, which is said to chew some the Philippine islands and Java. Flowers large, yellowish.
species.) Lin. gen. no. 846.
gen. no. 846. Lam. ill. t. 584. D. C. prod. 1. Lamp Hibiscus. Clt. 1806. Shrub 10 feet.
8 H. MEMBRANACEUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 159. t. 57. f. 2.) leaves
LIN. syst. Monadelphia, Polyándria. Calyx encompassed by cordate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, toothed; pedicels twice
a many-leaved, rarely by a few-leaved involucel, sometimes con- as long as the petioles, 1-flowered; involucel of 10 lanceolate
nected at the base. Petals not auricled. Stigmas 5. Carpels leaves, much shorter than the 5-cleft calyx, with 3-nerved seg-
joined into a 5-celled, 5-valved capsule, with a dissepiment in ments. h.s. Native of? Flowers yellow.
the middle of each valve on the inside. Cells many-seeded, Membranaceous Hibiscus. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816. Sh. 10 ft.
rarely 1-seeded. The bark of all the species is so tough that it 9 H. SPIRA'LIS (Cav. icon. 2. p. 47. t. 162.) leaves ovate,
may be made into ropes, or spun into thread of any description. acute, toothed, smooth, quite entire at the base; pedicels 1-
flowered, twice the length of the petioles ; involucel of 9-10-linear
Sect. I. CREMÓNTIA (from cremo, to burn ; vivid colour of leaflets. n. S. Native of Mexico. Petioles villous. Flowers
the flowers of some of the species.) Comm. ined. D. C. prod. 1. from yellow to flesh-coloured.
p. 446. Corolla (as in Malvaviscus) convolute, cylindrical, but Spiral-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub
the petals are not eared at the base as in that genus. Stigmas 5.
Stigmas 5. 6 feet.
Cells of capsule many-seeded.
10 H. TUBIFLÓRUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex, icon. ined. D. C.
1 H. LILIITLÒRUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 154. t. 57. f. 1.) leaves prod. 1. p. 447.) leaves cordate, acute, somewhat scolloped, den-
lanceolate-oblong, entire or rarely trifid ; involucel 5-leaved; ticulately-serrated, villous ; pedicels 1-flowered, twice as long as
shorter than the 5-toothed calyx ; petals rather velvety on the the petioles; involucel many-leaved. ñ.S. Native of Mexico
outside. ñ . S. Native of the island of Bourbon, in moun- on the mountains. Flowers from yellow to red.
p. 446.

MALVACEÆ. XIII. Hibiscus.
477
forms us.
Tube-flowered Hibiscus. Shrub 10 feet.
longer than the petioles; fruit 5-sided, hispid on the angles.
11 H. SENEGALE'NSIS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 160. t. 68. f. 1.) leaves 2. s. Native of Jamaica. Pavonia Bertèrii, Spreng. syst. 3.
cordate, toothed, tomentose, lower ones angular; pedicels l- p. 99. Flowers small, yellow.
flowered, shorter than the petioles ; involucel of 10 bristle-like Five-seeded Hibiscus. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
leaves, which are equal in length to the calyx. h.s. Native
of Senegal. Flowers small, yellow with a dark centre.
SECT. III. MA'NIHOT (altered from the Brazilian word Man-
Senegal Hibiscus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1824. Shrub 4 feet.
.
dioka, the Cassava or Casada ; resemblance in some species.)
12 H. TUBULÒSUs (Cav. diss. 3. p. 161. t. 68. f. 2.) leaves
D. C. prod. 1. p. 448. Cells of capsules many-seeded. Seeds
cordate, unequally toothed, hoary-villous beneath, tomentose
smooth. Involucel 4-6-leaved. Calyx spathaceous, 5-toothed,
above, lower ones somewhat 5-lobed, upper ones acuminated; ruptured longitudinally.
pedicels 1-flowered, very short; involucel of 8 linear-spatulate
20 H. MA'NIHOT (Lin. spec. 980.) stem unarmed ; leaves
leaflets. h. S. Native of the East Indies and Senegal
. smoothish, palmately, parted into 5 or 7 acuminated, coarsely-
, ,
Flowers somewhat campanulate, yellowish, with a purple base.
toothed lobes; involucel 4-6-leaved, hispid ; pedicels when in
Tubular-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1796. Pl.
flower, declinate. 2. S. Native of the East Indies. Cav.
2 to 4 feet.
diss. 3. p. 172. t. 63. f. 2. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1702. Sab. hort.
13 H. U'RENS (Lin. suppl. 309.) leaves kidney-shaped, cre-
1. t. 56.–Dill. elth. 189. t. 156. f. 189. Flowers sulphur-co-
nated, and are as well as the stem tomentose; pedicels 2-3-
loured, with a dark-purple centre. In Japan they use the mu-
together, axillary ; involucel 12-parted; corolla shorter than cilage of the root to give a consistence to paper as Thunberg in-
-
the calyx. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cav.
diss. 3. p. 161. t. 67. f. 1. Flowers purple.
Var. B, palmàtus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 168. t. 63. f. 1.) leaves
Stinging Hibiscus. Pl. 4 feet.
palmately parted; root thick, spongy. 4. F. Native of South
America as well as in North America on the banks of the Mis-
Sect. II. PENTASPE'RMUS (from nevte, pente, five, and otepua,
sissippi. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a purple centre. Fruit
σπερμα,
sperma, a seed; because the fruit is usually composed of 5 1-
as in var, a, pyramidal, and very hairy.
seeded cells or carpels.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 447. Corollas ex-
Manihot Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1712. Pl. 3 feet.
panded. Valves of capsules bearing dissepiments in the middle,
21 H. TIMORIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 448.) stem unarmed;
with 1-seeded cells, composed of 2 valves. This section does
leaves smooth, palmatifid, with 7 acuminated serrated lobes ; in-
not appear to be generically distinct from Pavónia.
volucel 5-leaved, smooth. 4.h? S. Native of the island of
14 H. ova'tus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 143. t. 50. f. 3.) leaves ovate,
Timor. Resembles var. B, of H. Mánihot. Fruit somewhat
quite entire, fringed, 3-nerved, villous beneath pedicels 1. globose, not pyramidal. Flowers yellow with dark claws.
Timor Hibiscus. Shrub 2 to 5 feet.
flowered, twice the length of the petioles. h. G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Pavónia ovata, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 99.
22 H. Pseu'DO-MA'NIHOT (D. C. prod. 1. p. 448.) stem un-
Ovate-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub ?
armed ; leaves trifid, rather hairy ; lobes ovate, acuminated,
15 H. hasta'tus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 144. t. 50. f. 1.) leaves coarsely toothed ; involucel 4-leaved, hispid. 4.h? S. Native
HASTA'TUS )
-,
halbert-shaped, oblong, serrated, narrow; pedicels 1-flowered,
of the island of Bourbon in grassy places on the banks of the
about the length of the leaves; fruit globose, downy.
river St. Denis. Fruit and flowers of Hibiscus triònum, but the
Native of the East Indies. Pavónia hastàta, Spreng.-Pluk. t.
leaves are trifid, not 5-7-parted.
127. f. 2. Flowers reddish.
False-Manihot Hibiscus. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Halbert-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub 2 feet.
23 H. FICU'LNEUS (Lin. spec. 978.) stem prickly from tuber-
16 H. ACUMINATUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 144. t. 50. f. 2. exclu-
cles; leaves palmately 5-lobed, upper ones 3-lobed; lobes blunt,
sive of the synonyme of Pluk.) leaves cordate, acuminated, lower
unequally toothed, narrowed at the base ; involucel 5-leaved,
ones 3-lobed; pedicels 1-flowered, longer than the petioles; in-
caducous. h.S. Native of Ceylon.—Dill. elth. t. 157. f. 190.
volucel 9-leaved ; fruit downy, depressed. h.s. Native of ?
H. sinuàtus, Cav. diss. 3. t. 52. f. 2. Flowers yellow, purple
at the bottom.
Pavónia acuminata, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 99. Flowers large, red-
dish, purple.
Fig-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. Ju. July. Clt. 1732. Shrub 4 ft.
24 H. FICULNOI'DES (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 938.) stem shrubby,
Acuminated-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub 2 feet.
17 H. PENTACA'RPOS (Lin. spec. 981.) leaves cordate, oblong,
unarmed; leaves cordate, ovate, obtuse, deeply toothed, entire
toothed, bluntish, angular, somewhat 3-lobed, smooth ; pedicels
or 3-lobed, pubescent, as well as the 5-leaved involucel.
Native of the East Indies and the Mauritius. H. Mauritianus,
equal with or shorter than the petioles ; flowers drooping; column
of stamens nodding. 4.H. Native of Etruria and about Venice, Spreng. syst. append. p. 258.-Pluk, amalth. p. 11. t. 355. f. 4 ?
in marshes. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 143. Pavònia Venèta, Spreng.
Petal yellow, with purple claws.
Ficulneus-like Hibiscus. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 1-3 ft.
syst. 3. p. 98. Flowers small, pale-red.
Five-fruited Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1752. Pl. 3 ft.
25 H. TETRAPHY'LLUS (Roxb. ex Horn. hort. hafn. 561.)
18 H. VIRGI’NICUS (Lin. spec. 981.) leaves acuminated, un-
stem herbaceous; leaves 5-lobed, serrated ; involucel 4-5-leaved.
equally toothed, rather villous, lower ones cordate, undivided,
O.S. Native of Bengal. Flowers yellow, with a purplish centre ?
Four-leaved-involucelled Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
upper ones ovate, cordate, 3-lobed ; pedicels longer than the
Pl. 1 foot.
petioles ; flowers drooping; pistils nodding. 4. H. Native
of North America in salt marshes, from New Jersey to Carolina. Sect. IV. KE'TMIA (derived from the Arabic word khethmy,
Pavònia Virginica, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 98.
.
Flowers rose-
signifying a Malvaceous plant.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 448. Cells
coloured, about twice the size of those of H. pentacarpos, dis- of capsules many-seeded. Seeds smooth. Corollas expanded.
posed in racemes at the tops of the branches. Jacq. icon. rar. Involucel 5-7 cleft. Calyx 5-lobed, not ruptured longitudinally
1. t. 142.—Pluk. phyt. t. 6. f. 4. Sweet, fl. gard. icon.
as in the preceding section.
Virginian Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sept.
Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1798. Pl. 3 to 4 ft.
. 26 H. MICANS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 167. t. 60. f. 2.) stem un-
19 H. PENTASPE'RMUS (Bert. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 447.) armed ; leaves cordate, 5-angled, toothed, acuminated ; involucel
whole plant hispid from spreading hairs; leaves cordate, acu- 6-parted. h.s. Native of Java. Flowers yellow, with a dark
minated, grossly toothed ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, a little centre. Leaves clothed with glittering tomentum,
h.s.
h.s.
;
---

478
MALVACEÆ. XIII. HIBISCUS.
a
centre.
-
Glittering Hibiscus. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
11, spatulate, appendiculated. O. S. Native of the East In-
27 H. CALYCI'NUS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 817.) stem unarmed ; dies and Guinea. Cav. diss. 3. t. 53. f. 1. Sims, bot. mag. t.
leaves cordate, angular, somewhat 3-lobed, repand ; involucel 1356.—Rumph. amb. 4. t. 16. Flowers yellow, with a dark
5-leaved, stipitate, longer than the petals. ħ. S. Native of purple centre.
n
purple centre. The leaves of this species are gratefully acid,
the island of Bourbon. H. calyphyllus, Cav. diss. 5. p. 283. t. and are eaten. In cataplasms they assist in dissolving hard
140. Corolla yellow with a dark centre.
tumours, &c. for which purpose the root is esteemed to be more
Large-calyxed Hibiscus. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
efficacious. The whole plant is prickly.
28 H. COLUMNA'RIS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 166. t. 59. f. 2.) stem Surat Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1731. Pl. strag-
unarmed ; leaves cordate, 5-angled, repand; involucel usually 6- gling.
cleft; column of stamens exceeding the campanulate corolla . 35 H. RADIA'TUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 150. t. 54. f. 2.) stem suf-
h. S. Native of Bourbon. Flowers large, terminal, yellow. fruticose, scabrous from stiff prickles; stipulas lanceolate ; leaves
Columnar-stamened Hibiscus. Shrub 6 feet.
5-7-parted into lanceolate, acuminated, serrated lobes ; pedicels
29 H. ACERIFÒLIUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 448.) stem unarmed ; very short ; leaflets of involucel 10, ciliated, with bristles ap-
leaves cordate, 5-lobed, hairy; lobes acuminated, somewhat re- pendiculated. O.S. Native of the East Indies. Sims, bot.
pand ; involucel of 6-7 bristle-like leaves. h. S. Native of mag. 1911. Flowers yellow with a dark centre.
the East Indies. Pavònia platanifolia, Willd. berl. mag. 1810. Řayed Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1790. Pl. 2 to 4 feet.
2 .
p. 220. Pavonia acerifòlia, Link, and Otto, abb. 1. p. 5. t. 1. 36 H. LINDLE'I (Wall. pl. asiat. rar. p. 4. t. 4.) suffruticose ;
Styles 5, therefore it cannot be a Pavónia.
petioles and peduncles scabrous and prickly; leaves roundish,
Maple-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1798. Shrub cordate, palmately 3-7-parted ; lobes lanceolate, acuminated,
6 feet.
serrated; flowers axillary, solitary; involucel of 8-10, linear, his-
30 H. RòSA-SINE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 977.) stem unarmed, arbo- pid, ciliated leaflets, which are 2-lobed at the apex; corolla
reous ; leaves ovate, acuminated, smooth, entire at the base, but spreading ; capsule clothed with silky hairs, but at length it
coarsely toothed at the apex ; pedicels length of leaves; invo- becomes smooth. . S. Native of the Burman empire near
h
lucel 7-leaved. Þ.S. Native of the East Indies.
hFlowers Ava on mount Taong-Dong. Flowers purple, with a darker
large, single or double, purple, red, white, yellow, and varie-
gated. Cav. diss. 3. t. 69. f. 2. Curt. bot. mag. t. 165.-Rheed. Lindley's Hibiscus. Fl. Nov. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
mal. 2. t. 16. A very elegant plant, for some of the prominent 37 H. U'NIDENS (Lindl. bot. reg. 878.) stem prickly and
varieties see Lodd. bot. cab. t. 513., double dark red ; t. 963, pilose ; leaves smoothish, coarsely toothed, sometimes palmately
double striped ; t. 932, double .yellow. In China they make
;
5-lobed, sometimes roundish; flowers stalked, solitary ; leaflets
these handsome flowers into garlands and festoons on all occa- of involucel shorter than the calyx, with a tooth-like appendage
sions of festivity, and even in their sepulchral rites. They are on the inside of each. O.S. Native of Brazil.
. O.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers large,
put to a use, which seems little consistent with their elegance yellow, with a dark purple centre.
and beauty, that of blacking shoes, whence their name of Řòsæ- One-toothed-involucelled Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822.
calceolària. The women also employ them to colour their hair Pl. 2 to 4 feet.
and eye-brows black.
38 H. FURCA'TUS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 31.) stem herba-
Chinese-rose Hibiscus. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1731. Tree 15 ft. ceous, and is as well as petioles and calyx covered with tuber-
31 H. SYRIAcus (Lin. spec. 978.) stem unarmed, arboreous; cles ; leaves rather ovate, trifid, lower ones quinquefid, with acu-
leaves ovate, wedge-shaped, 3-lobed, toothed; pedicels hardly minated serrated lobes; involucel of 9 bifid leaflets. 4. S.
longer than the leaves ; involucel 6-7-leaved. ñ. H. Native Native of Bengal. Flowers yellow, with a purple centre.
of Syria and Carniola. Cav. diss. 3. t. 69. f. 1. Curt. bot. mag. Forked-involucelled Hibiscus. Fl. July,
Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1816.
83. Flowers large, single or double, purple, white, red or varie- Pl. 2 feet.
gated. This is one of our most ornamental hardy shrubs.
39 H. COLLI'NUS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 31.) leaves smooth,
Syrian Hibiscus or Althæa frutex. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1596. 3-5-lobed, on long footstalks, cuneate at the base; peduncles
Shrub 6 feet.
solitary, axillary, short, 1-flowered ; leaflets of involucel numer-
32 H. PRU'RIENS (Rox. hort. beng. p. 51.) stem herbaceous, ous, forked, hairy as well as the stem. O. S. Native of the
hairy; leaves on long stalks, ovate, somewhat 3-lobed, serrated, East Indies. Flowers yellow with a dark centre.
membranaceous, smoothish; pedicels very short; involucel and Hill Hibiscus. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
calyx very hairy at the base, equal in length to the corolla, both 40 H. SCA'BER (Michx. A. bor. amer. 2. p. 45.) stem herba-
5-parted, acuminated. 3. S. Native of the East Indies. ceous, scabrous ; leaves rough, roundish, truncated at the base,
Flowers yellow with a dark centre ?
upper ones palmately-lobed, with the lobes dilated and crenate
Prurient Hibiscus. Pl. 2 to 6 feet.
at the apex; flowers sessile ; calyxes very hispid ; leaflets of in-
33 H. SCA'NDENS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 51.) shrubby, scan- volucel forked. 4. F. Native of North America in marshes
dent'; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, downy beneath; stems, petioles, near the sea coast, from Carolina to Florida, Flowers large,
and panicles pilose; involucel 6-cleft
, equal in length to the yellow, with a dark purple centre.
yellow, with a dark purple centre. H. aculeatus, Walt. A.
calyx, tomentose; flowers disposed in racemose, terminal, spread- Car. 177.
ing panicles. n. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers
ap- Scabrous Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1810. Pl. 2 feet.
parently red.
41 H. KITAIBELIFOLIUS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 248. t. 48.)
Scandent Hibiscus. Shrub cl.
hairy; leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, dentately-serrated, hispid ; in-
volucel of 10-11-bifurcate leaflets, much shorter than the calyx,
Sect. V. FURCA'RIA (from furca, a fork; in allusion to the which is 5-glanded; cells of ovary 10-ovulate.K.S. Native
leaflets of the involucel being forked.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 449. of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, on the banks of rivu-
Cells of capsule many-seeded. Seeds smooth.
Seeds smooth. Leaflets of in- lets. Flowers violet.
volucel 2-forked or appendiculated, with teeth. Calyx glandular. Kitaibelia-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
34 H. SURATTE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 979.) stem herbaceous, sca- 42 H. FURCELLA'TUS (Desrous. dict. enc. 3. p. 358.) stem
brous from recurved prickles; stipulas semi-cordate ; leaves pal- shrubby; branches and leaves downy ; leaves cordate, rather
mately 3-5-lobed; pedicels length of petioles ; leaflets of involucel angular ; involucel of 10 cylindrical, forked leaflets; calyxes
a
a

MALVACEÆ. XIII. Hieiscus479
.
.
.
а
hispid. H.S. Native of Guiana. Flowers large, purplish, with Native of Caraccas in humid places. Flowers large, purple,
a brown centre.
with a blood-coloured centre. Stigmas peltate, convex.
Small forked-involucelled Hibiscus. Shrub 3 to 10 feet. Lambertian Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sept. Pl. 6 feet.
43 H. DIODON (D. C. prod. 1. p. 449.) stem shrubby; 51 H. TRI'LOBUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 147. t. 53. f. 2. exclusive of
branches and leaves downy; leaves cordate, 3-5-cleft, with the the synonyme of Rheed). Stem arboreous, prickly; pedicels
middle lobe acuminated; involucel of 10 cylindrical forked leaf- unarmed ; leaves cordate, with 3 serrated lobes, middle lobe
lets; calyxes hispid. . S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers
longest ; involucel of 12 linear leaflets. n. S. Native of St.
yellow, with a purple bottom?
Dominique, in marshes.—Plum. ed. Burm. t. 159. Corolla pale
Two-toothed-involucelled Hibiscus Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
scarlet, the size of those of H. Syriacus.
44 H. FLAGELLIFO'RMis (St. Hil
. fl. bras. 1. p. 243.) stem Three-lobed-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
suffruticose, prostrate, rough; leaves kidney-shaped, 5-angled, Shrub 10 feet.
toothed, rough ; involucel of 8 bifurcate leaves, much shorter 52 H. DIVERSIFOLIUS (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. p. 551.) stem and
than the calyx, which is 5-glanded; ovary with 4-seeded cells. petioles prickly; pedicels short, unarmed, hairy; leaves of
h. S, Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. 3-5 obtuse, toothed lobes ; upper ones oblong-lanceolate, undi-
Flowers axillary, and as if they were racemose at the tops of the vided ; involucel of 9 linear leaflets. h. S. Native of the
branches, rose-coloured. Stipulas linear.
East Indies. Ker. bot. reg. t. 381. H. ficulneus, Cav. diss. 3.
Whip-formed-stemmed Hibiscus. Shrub prostrate.
t. 51. f. 2. Flowers yellow with a dark violet centre.
45 H. MULTIFO'RMIS (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 246.) stem herba- Different-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. Sh.
ceous, tomentose ; leaves cordate or cordate-3-lobed, dentately 10 feet.
serrated, scabrous; involucel of 10 bifurcate leaves, much shorter 53 H. MACULA'TUS (Desrous. in dict. ency. 3. p. 349.) stem
than the calyx; ovary with 8-seeded cells. 4. S. Native of and petioles prickly; lower leaves palmate-parted, toothed;
Brazil, in marshes. Flowers rose-coloured, with a darker centre. upper ones ovate, somewhat 3-lobed ; involucel many-leaved ;
Many-formed Hibiscus. Pl. 5 to 7 feet.
calyx hispid, spotted. h. s. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers
46 É. DECÍPIENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 247.) shrubby, sca- dark red.
brous from prickles; leaves cordate or cordate-3-lobed, denticu- Spotted-calyxed Hibiscus. Shrub 6 feet.
lately-serrated, rather scabrous; involucel of 8-10 bifurcate leaf- 54 H. CISPLATE'NSIS (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 250.) stem shrubby,
lets, longer than the calyx, which is 5-glanded; ovary with 9- prickly; leaves cordate, acute, or cordate 3-lobed, nearly smooth;
seeded cells. h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio involucel of 12 linear, acute leaflets, which are 3-times shorter
Janeiro, in hedges. Flowers rose-coloured.
than the calyx. h.s. Native of Brazil in the western part
Deceiving Hibiscus. Fl. Sept. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
of the province of Cisplatine. Flowers purplish.
47 H. UNCINE’LLUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex, icon. ined. D. C. Cisplatine Hibiscus. Fl. Dec. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
prod. 1. p. 449.) stem shrubby; branches clothed with reflexed 55 H. SPLE'NDENS (Fraser, mss. Graham. in edinb. phil.
hairs ; leaves palmately 3-5-lobed, cordate at the base, toothed; journ. p. 175. Hook. bot. mag. t. 3025.) stem beset with straight
involucel of 10 leaflets each, furnished with a hooked appendage prickles and tubercles at the base; corolla expanded, tomentose
on the back. h.S. Native of Mexico. Flowers large, hardly on the ribs beneath ; segment of the calyx 3-nerved, keeled ;
open, of a violet-purple colour.
leaflets of involucel numerous, linear, awl-shaped, a little shorter
Hooked-appendaged Hibiscus. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
than the calyx ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, much longer
48 H. BICÓRNIS (Meyer. esseq. 231.) stem shrubby, and is than the petioles ; leaves palmately 3-5-lobed ; lobes lanceolate.
as well as the petioles prickly ; leaves 3-5-lobed ; lobes auricu-
;
H.S. Native of New Holland. Flowers large, rose-coloured.
lated, lanceolate, serrated ; leaflets of involucel 2-lobed, longer Style protruding beyond the stamens.
than the calyx. h. S. Native of Guiana in pastures and Splendid Hibiscus. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1828. Shrub 5
woods. Corolla rose-coloured, with a purple centre, six times to 20 feet.
smaller than the calyx.
56 H. HETEROPHY'LLUS (Vent. malm. t. 103.) stem shrubby,
Two-horned-involucelled Hibiscus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. prickly; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, for the most part 3-lobed,
49 H. BIFURCA'TUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 146. t. 51. f. 1.) with prickly serratures ; involucel 10-leaved. h. G. Native
stem shrubby, prickly towards the top of the branches; pe- of New Holland. Ker. bot. reg. t. 29. Flowers large, reddish-
duncles and nerves of leaves furnished with reflexed prickles white, with a purple centre.
white, with a purple centre. H. grandiflòrus, Sal. par. t. 22.
beneath ; leaves of 3-5 acuminated-serrated lobes; involucel of Various-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1803. Sh. 6 ft.
10-17 hairy bifid leaflets. h.S. Native of Brazil and Porto- 57 H. CANNA'BINUS (Lin. spec. 979.) stem prickly; leaves
Rico. Flowers large, red.
palmately 5-parted, deeply serrated, with 1 gland beneath on
Two-forked-involucelled Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1825. the principal nerve ; flowers almost sessile ; calyx beset with
Shrub 3 feet.
glandular hairs. O.S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers
large, yellow, with a dark brown bottom. Cav. diss. 3. p. 148.
SECT. VI. ABELMÓSCHUS (latinized from the Arabic name t. 52. f. 1. Roxb. cor. 2. t. 190. H. vitifolius, Mill. The
kabb-el-misk, which signifies musk-seed. The seeds of H. Abel- bark of this species as well as that of H. sabdariffa is full of
moschus exhale a scent like musk.) Med. malv. p. 45. D. C. strong fibres, which the inhabitants of the Malabar coast prepare
prod. 1. p. 449. Cells of capsule many-seeded. Seeds usually and make into cordage ; and it seems as if it might be wro
smooth, seldom with a villous line on the back. Corolla ex- into fine strong thread of any size.
panded. Involucel of 8 to 15, entire, narrow leaflets or seg- Hemp Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Pl. 2 to 5 ft.
ments. Stigmas 5.
58 H. VITIFÒLIUS (Lin. mant. 569.) stem rather prickly ;
$ 1. Stem prickly from tubercles.
leaves villous, toothed, 5-angled, acuminated ; flowers droop-
ing; capsule 5-winged, hairy; involucels 12-leaved. O. S.
50 H. LAMBERTIA'NUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 3. p. 145. t. 58. f. 2.
p. 291. t. 478.) stem prickly, simple, herbaceous; leaves ovate- Rheed. mal. 6. t. 46. Flowers yellow, with a dark purple
lanceolate, acuminated, rounded at the base, serrate, hairy above, centre. Stamens probably purple.
hoary and tomentose beneath ; involucel of 11 leaflets. O? s. Vine-leaved Hibiscus. F1. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1690. Pl. 1 to 3 ft.
a

480
MALVACEÆ. XIII. HIBISCUS.
a
a
.
59 H. DIVARICATUS (Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. for July, able. The young pods of the okro are gathered green and
Oct. 1830.) corolla campanulate; involucel 10-parted, glandu- used in soups, or pickled like capers. They are full of nutri-
larly-muricated, shorter than the calyx; stem prickly; leaves tive mucilage, and buttered and spiced make a very rich dish.
roundish, cordate, rather lobed, unequally serrate-toothed, con- The seeds may be boiled like barley. There are several species
cave, stiff, pubescent on both surfaces. ħ.G. Native of Mor- of Hibiscus cultivated under the name of Okro differing much in
ton Bay, New Holland. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a large the shape of their pods.
fine crimson centre. Peduncles axillary, collected at the tops Esculent Okro. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1692. Pl. 2 to 4 feet.
of the branches.
67 H. Ba'MMIA (Link. enum. 2. p. 227.) leaves 5-lobed, cre-
Divaricate-branched Hibiscus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1829. nated; petioles longer than the flowers; involucel of 10-12
Shrub 3 feet.
linear deciduous leaves; calyx bursting lengthwise; capsule
60 H. OBTUSIFÒLIus (Willd. spec. 3. p. 829.) stem rather long; stigmas 6-10. O.S. Native of Africa, where we have
prickly; leaves tomentose beneath, crenated, cordate, lower seen it cultivated with the okro or H. esculentus; it is called the
ones roundish, upper ones acuminated, 3-lobed, blunt ; capsules autumnal okro, and the young pods are used to make okro soup.
hairy, 5-winged.O.S. Native of the East Indies. Flower Cav. diss. 3. p. 168. t. 61. f. 3. Toz, mus. fir. 2. p. 57. t. 7.
large, yellow, with a purple centre. Resembles H. vitif ölius, Bámmia, Alp. ægyp. p. 28. Flowers sulphur-coloured with a
and with it perhaps will constitute a distinct section, on account
dark centre. It differs from H. esculentus in the leaves not being
of their 5-winged capsules.
so deeply lobed, and in the pods being much longer.
Blunt-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Cl. 1820. Pl. 2 ft. Bammia or African Okro. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl.
61 H.PSEU'DO-ABELMO'Schus (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Lin- 2 to 4 feet.
næa. 1. p. 649.) stem perennial, beset with retrograde hispid hairs; 68 H. LONGIFLÒRUS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 827.) leaves palmately
leaves palmately 5-lobed, toothed, acuminated, upper ones acu- 3-5-parted, with deeply toothed lanceolate lobes ; petioles longer
minated, sagittate, pilose on both surfaces as well as the capsule ; than the flower ; involucels usually 10-leaved, deciduous; ca-
peduncles shorter than the petiole ; involucel 6-10-leaved ; lyxes bursting lengthwise.
lyxes bursting lengthwise. 0. S. Native of the East Indies.
calyx cleft longitudinally. h. S. Native of Java. Flowers Flower yellow, with a dark centre.
yellow with a dark base.
Long-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1817. Pl. 4 ft.
False-Abelmoschus Hibiscus. Shrub 6 feet.
* Perennial herbaceous plants.
62 H. CANCELLATUS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 31.) stem shrubby,
hispid, prurient ; leaves 5-lobed, on long petioles, cordate, ra- 69 H. MOSCHEUTOS (Lin. spec. 975.) leaves ovate, acuminat-
ther serrated, tomentose ; racemes terminal ; involucel 12-leaved. ed, serrated, downy beneath ; petioles and peduncles joined to-
;
h. S. Native of Nipaul. H. racemòsus, Lindl. bot. reg. 917.
H. racemosus, Lindl. bot. reg. 917. gether; involucels and calyxes downy; capsules smooth. 4.
Flowers yellow with a dark purple centre. Very like H. prù- H. Native of North America in swamps and salt-marshes, from
riens, Roxb.
New York to Carolina ; plentifully in the marshes round the
Latticed-involucelled Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. salt lake Onondago, New York. Flowers large, white, with a
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
purplish centre, or sometimes pale purple. Cav. diss. 3. t. 65.
63 H. CRINITIS ; plant setosely hispid ; leaves roundish, cor- f. 1. Sweet, fl. gard. t. 286. H. palústris, Sims, bot. mag.
date, acuminated, toothed, obtusely 5-angled, upper ones sagit- t. 882.
tate; raceme few-flowered ; involucel 12-parted, ciliated ; seg- Mallow Rose or Musk Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Oct.? Pl. 3 feet.
ments and stipulas linear, filiform ; seeds smooth. O. S. 70 H. PALU'stris (Lin. spec. 976.) leaves ovate, toothed,
Native of the East Indies on mountains at Prome. Abelmoschus somewhat 3-lobed, hoary with down beneath ; pedicels axillary,
crinitis, Wall. pl. asiat. rar. t. 44. Flowers large, yellow, with free from the petioles, jointed above the middle. 4. H. Native
a dark purple centre.
of North America in swamps and marshes, from Canada to
Hairy Hibiscus. Fl. Sept. Oct. Pl. 3 feet.
Carolina. Cav. diss. 3. t. 65. f. 2. Flowers large, rose-coloured,
64 H. HETERO'TRICHUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 450.) stem hairy, white, and yellowish.
intermixed with bristles; leaves cordate, acutely 5-lobed, toothed; Marsh Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1759. Pl. 2 to 3 ft.
upper ones 3-lobed, and are as well as calyxes hairy ; pedicels 71 H. RÒSEUS (Thor. in Lois. fl. gall. 2. p. 434.) leaves cor-
shorter than the petioles; flowers drooping. 3. S. Native of? date, toothed, somewhat 3-lobed, hoary from down beneath ;
Flowers like those of H. cannábinus.
pedicels axillary, free from the petioles, 1-flowered, and jointed
Variable-haired Hibiscus. Pl. 2 feet.
above the middle. 4. H. Native of France on the banks of
65 H. ACULEA'TUS; the whole plant prickly ; leaves deeply the river Adour. Sweet, fl. gard. 277. Flowers rose-coloured.
3-lobed ; lobes serrated; stipulas kidney-shaped ; peduncles Rose-coloured-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. July, Oct. Pl. 2 to 4 ft.
long, 1-flowered, axillary ; leaves of involucel falcate; calyxes 72 H. AQUA'TICUS (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. 627.) leaves ovate,
ovate, acuminated, pilose. O.S. Native of Sierra Leone in toothed, somewhat 3-lobed, hoary from down beneath ; pedicels
1
cultivated places. Flowers yellow with a purple centre. Per- axillary, 1-flowered, free from the petioles, jointed near the
haps belonging to this section.
base. 2. H. Native of Etruria in marshes. Flowers white.
Prickly Hibiscus. Pl. 1 foot.
H. palústris, Sav. cent. 1. p. 126. .
§ 2. Stem unarmed.
Water Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1819. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
73 H. INCA'NUS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 807.) leaves ovate, acu-
* Annual plants.
minated, bluntly serrated, hoary from down on both surfaces;
66 H. ESCULE'NTUS (Lin. spec. 980.) leaves cordate, deeply pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, free from the petioles, jointed
5-lobed, bluntish, toothed ; petioles longer than the flowers; about the middle. 4. H. Native of Carolina. Wendi. hort.
involucel of 10-12-linear, ciliated, deciduous leaves; calyxes herrench. 4. t. 24. Flowers very large, sulphur-coloured.
bursting lengthwise ; capsule pyramidal. O.S. Native of both Hoary Hibiscus. Fl. Sep. Clt. 1806. Pl. 2 to 4 feet.
Indies as well as being cultivated in all parts of the world within 74 H. MILITA'RIS (Cav. diss. 6. p. 352. t. 198. f. 2.) leaves
the tropics and in some parts of France. Cav. diss. 3. t. 61. 3-lobed, halbert-shaped, acuminated, serrated, smooth on both
f. 2. F.---Sloane, hist. 1. p. 223. t. 133. f. 3. Flowers sulphur- surfaces ; pedicels jointed in the middle; corolla rather campa-
coloured with a dark centre. Capsule pyramidal, furrowed, eat- nulate; capsules ovate, acuminated, smooth; seeds silky. 2.
a

MALVACEÆ. XIII. HIBISCUS.
481
.
F. Native of North America on the banks of rivers in Louis- Sulphur-coloured-flowered Hibiscus. Shrub 4 to 8 feet.
iana and the western parts of Pennsylvania and Carolina. Sims, 83 H. AFFI'NIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves oblong, acute,
bot. mag. t. 2385. Cav. diss. 6. t. 198. f. 2. H. læ'vis, Scop.. blunt at the base, quite entire, hairy above, but hoary from
del. 3. t. 17. H. Virginicus, Walt. fl. carol. 177. H. hastàtus, tomentum beneath; involucel 9 or 10-leaved, equal in length to
Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 45. H. ripàrius, Pers. ench. 2. p. 254. the calyx; cells of ovary 4 or 5-seeded. his. Native of
Flowers large, purple. Perhaps this plant belongs to section South America between Angustura and Trapiche de Farreras.
Bombicélla, on account of the seeds being silky.
Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a purple centre. Style 3-5 cleft.
* Military Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Sep. Člt. 1804.
Clt. 1804. Pl. 3 to 4 ft. Allied Hibiscus. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
75 H. speciòsus (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. p. 456.) leaves smooth, 84 H. CAVANILLESIA'NUS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves some-
palmately 5-parted, with lanceolate-acuminated lobes, which are what rhomboidal, ovate-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base,
serrated at the apex; pedicels jointed under the apex; corolla coarsely serrated, hairy on both surfaces from starry down;
spreading ; capsule ovate, smooth, 5-angled. 4. F. Native cells of ovary usually 4-seeded; style 5-cleft. h. S. Native
of North America on the banks of rivers in South Carolina and on the banks of the river Amazon near Tomependa. Flowers
Florida. Curt. bot. mag. t. 360. Wendl. hort. herrench. t. 11. violet-coloured. Capsules depressed, ovate.
H. coccineus, Walt. fi. car. p. 177. Flowers very large, scarlet. Cavanilles's Hibiscus. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
Handsome Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1804. Pl. 2 to 8 ft. 85 H. LUNARIFÒLIUS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 811.) leaves roundish,
76 H. GRANDIFLORUS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 46.) leaves cordate, acuminated, sharply toothed, hairy beneath ; pedicels
triangular, cordate, 3-lobed, coriaceous, clothed with fine tomen- thickened, villous; involucel length of calyx. 4. S. Native
tum on both surfaces, hoary beneath ; capsules tomentose, very of the East Indies. Flowers the size and colour of those of H.
hairy, somewhat truncate. 4. F. Native of North America Manihot. Involucel of 10 linear leaves.
in salt marshes in Georgia and Florida, and on the banks of the Lunaria-leaved Hibiscus. Pl. 3 to 6 feet.
Mississippi. Flowers very large, flesh-coloured, with a darker 86 H. BRASILIE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 977.) leaves cordate, tooth-
centre. The fruit is yellow.
letted ; branches, petioles, pedicels, and calyxes hairy ; invo-
Great-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1778. Pl. 3 to lucel twice as long as the calyx. h. S. Native of Brazil.
4 feet.
Resembles H. mutabilis, Flowers yellow. Involucel 8-leaved.
77 H. unicaU'LIS (D. C. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 258.) stem Brazilian Hibiscus, Shrub 3 feet.
simple, very villous; leaves cordate, roundish, angular, sinu- 87 H. Æthio'PICUS (Lin. mant. 258.) leaves wedge-shaped,
ately-denticulated, hairy above, but white from villi beneath ; generally 5-toothed, covered with starry hairs; pedicels longer
peduncles solitary, shorter than the petioles ; leaflets of involucel than the leaves ; involucel 8 or 10-leaved, hispid. Þ.G. Na-
spatulate, equal with the calyx ; capsule very hispid. 2. G. tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Cav. diss. 3. t. 6. f. 1. Plant
Native of? Perhaps shrubby.
smelling of musk. Flowers about the size of those of a straw-
One-stemmed Hibiscus. Pl. 2 to 3 feet?
berry, perhaps purple.
78 H. FUGAX (Mart. ex Spreng. syst. 2. app. 258.) leaves Æthiopian Hibiscus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 ft.
almost sessile, oblong, acuminated, tomentose beneath, as well as 88 H. MICROPHY'LLUS (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 50.) leaves oval,
the branches ; peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves. hairy, serrated in front, somewhat 5-nerved; pedicels
length of
4 ? h? S. Native of Brazil.
leaves; involucel of 9-10 setaceous leaflets, longer than the calyx.
Fugacious Hibiscus. Pl. 2 to 4 feet.
h. G. Native of Arabia Felix. H. flavus, Forsk. descr. 126.
Stamens 10-16. Stigmas 10. Flowers yellow.
*** Shrubby species.
Small-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub 1 foot.
89 H. VELUTÌNUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 452.) leaves cordate,
79 H. sI'MPLEX (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 51.) arboreous, smooth ; bluntly-toothed, soft, hoary and velvety on both surfaces; stem
leaves 3-lobed, acuminated ; middle lobe longest; peduncles suffruticose ; pedicels a little longer than the petioles; involucel
axillary, solitary, longer than the petioles ; involucel 8-9-leaved, of 8-10 linear leaflets, which are rather broadest at the apex ;
shorter than the calyx ; leaflets lanceolate; capsule hispid, glo- capsules roundish, hispid, h. S. Native of the island of
bose. Þ.S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers shewy, red. Timor.
Simple Hibiscus. Tree.
Velvety-leaved Hibiscus. Clt. 1818. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
80 H. LASIOCA'RPUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 159. t. 70. f. 1.) leaves 90 H. SORòrius (Lin, fil. suppl. 311.) leaves cordate, cre-
ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated, tomentose ; pedicels axillary; nated, scabrous; stem suffruticose, hairy ; involucel of 10 terete
calyx tomentose; involucel ciliated ; capsule bristly. h. s. leaflets, which are dilated at the apex.
h. S.
Native of Suri-
Native of? Involucel usually of 13 leaflets.
nam. Corolla as in H. Manihot.
Hairy-fruited Hibiscus Shrub 10 feet.
.
Sister Hibiscus. Shrub 3 feet.
81 H. FERRUGI'NEUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 162. t. 60. f. 1.) leaves 91 H, GUINEE'NSIS ; stem erect, branched, pilose ; leaves
cordate, obtuse, toothed, scabrous ; pedicels axillary, longer than trifid or 5-lobed, serrated, subcordate, beset with forked hairs
the petioles ; stem clothed with
rusty down ; capsule setose. beneath ; flowers racemose; peduncles short, pilose. h. S.
h.S. Native of Madagascar. Flowers reddish, about the size Native of Guinea. Corolla large, yellow. Perhaps belonging
of those of H. Triònum.
to this section.
Rusty-stemmed Hibiscus. Clt. 1824. Shrub 10 feet.
Guinea Hibiscus. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub 6 feet.
82 H. SULPHU'REUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 92 H. MUTA'BILIS (Lin. spec. 977.) leaves cordate, angular,
289.) leaves oblong, blunt at both ends, quite entire, smoothish 3-5-lobed, acuminated, toothed, and are as well as the branches
above, hoary from tomentum beneath ; involucel 10-leaved, rather downy; pedicels almost the length of the leaves; invo-
shorter than the calyx; cells of ovary usually 5-seeded; stigmas lucel 7-10-leaved ; lobes of calyx elongated, 5-nerved. Þ. S.
many, capitate. ñ . S. Native of Caraccas. Flowers sul- Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 3. t. 62. f, 1. And. bot.
phur-coloured, with a purple centre.
rep. 228. H. Sinensis, Mill. dict. no. 2.-Rumph. amb. 4. p. 27.
.
Var. B, acutifòlius (D. C. prod. 1. p. 451.) leaves larger, t. 9.-Rheed. mal. 6. p. 66, t. 38—41. Flowers white in the
acute; capsules somewhat globose, acute, clothed with silky morning, changing to a flesh-colour towards noon, but becom-
hairs. h.s. Native of New Andalusia on mount Cocollar. ing rose-coloured towards the evening, usually double, resembling
3 Q
a
.
-
VOL. I. PART VI.

482
MALVACEÆ. XIII. HIBISCUS.
t
t
those of a Hollyhock. This plant is often cultivated in gardens hairy ; involucel usually of 12 setaceous leaflets; calyx flattened
within the tropics for the beauty of its flowers.
at the base. n. S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers large,
Changeable-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1690. rose-coloured, with a darker centre.
Shrub 12 feet.
St. Domingo Hibiscus. Shrub 10 feet.
93 H. ADSCE'NDENS; suffruticose ; branches ascending, pilose; 101 H. STRIA'TUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 146. t. 54. f. 1.) leaves 3-
leaves 3-5-lobed ; lobes acute, serrated, tomentose beneath; lobed, halbert-shaped, serrated, smooth; stem and pedicels
,
peduncles solitary, long ; calyx pilose. h. S. Native of prickly ; involucel of 8-10 setaceous leaflets; calyx ovate at the
Guinea. Flowers large, yellow. Perhaps belonging to section base. h. S. Native of ? Flowers yellow. H. Domingénsis
Furcària, but the involucel is unknown.
var. striàtus, Willd. spec. 3. p. 820. .
Ascending Hibiscus. Shrub 3 feet, straggling.
Striated-stemmed Hibiscus. Shrub 6 feet.
94 H. CUCURBITA'CEUS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 244.) shrubby, 102 H. VENU'STUS (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p.
hairy, unarmed ; leaves roundish, cordate, dentately-serrated, 650.) shrubby; leaves roundish-cordate, half-3-lobed, acute,
stellately-pubescent; involucel of 12 awl-shaped leaflets, much grossly toothed, velvety above from stellate hairs, tomentose be-
shorter than the calyx, which is 5-glanded; cells of ovary 4- neath, as well as the branches, and mixed with stellate bristles ;
ovulate. h.s. Native of Brazil in the western part of the peduncles shorter than the petioles , involucel usually 5-leaved ;
province of Minas Geraes. Flowers rose-coloured.
leaflets ovate, acute, equal in length to the capsule; capsule
Var. B, cuneifolius (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves cuneated at the base. ovate-globose, 5-angled, hispid. n. S.
. S. Native of Java.
Gourd-like Hibiscus. Fl. Sept. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Flowers single or double, white or yellow, changeable ? Like
95 H. LAXIFLÒRUS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 245.) stem herba-
.
H. mutábilis.
ceous ? scabrous, unarmed ; leaves cordate, roundish or cuneate- Beautiful Hibiscus. Shrub 12 feet.
ovate, denticulated, rough; involucel 8-9-leaved, awl-shaped,
much shorter than the calyx, which is 5-glanded; cells of ovary
Sect. VII. BOMBICE'LLA (from Boußuč, bombyx, one of the
7-ovulate. ħ.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz. Greek names of cotton; in allusion to the cottony seeds.) D. C.
Flowers purplish, but with a pale flesh-coloured centre.
prod. 1. p. 452. Bombyx, Medik. malv. p. 44. Cells of capsule
Lax-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. June. Shrub 4 to 6 feet. many-seeded. Seeds woolly or cottony.
Seeds woolly or cottony. Corollas usually ex-
G6 H. CLYPEA'TUS (Lin. spec. 980.) leaves cordate, angular, panded. Involucel 5 to 12-leaved.
sparingly toothed, smoothish ; branches velvety ; pedicels longer 103 H. SALVIÆFÒLIUS (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 249.) shrubby,
than the petioles; involucel 8-9-leaved ; lobes of calyx oval- pruinosely-pubescent, unarmed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, den-
oblong, 3-nerved ; capsules turbinate, truncated, hispid. h. s. tately-serrated, hoary-tomentose beneath ; involucel of 12-linear-
Native of Jamaica in bushy places, and of St. Domingo. Cav. acute leaflets, 3-times shorter than the calyx; cells of ovary
diss. 3. t. 58. f. 1.--Sloan. jam. hist. 1. t. 135. f. 1. Flowers many-ovulate. h. s. Native of Brazil. Flowers rose-co-
t
n
dusky-yellowish. This plant is called by the negroes in Jamaica loured. Seeds woolly.
Congo-Mahoe. Perhaps originally from Africa.
Sage-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. May. Shrub 6 feet.
Shield-capsuled Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Shrub 104 H. PHENICEUS (Lin. fil. suppl. 310. Willd. spec. 3. p.
8 feet.
813.) leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated, lower ones somewhat
97 H. ABELMÓSCHUS (Lin. spec. 980.) leaves somewhat pel- cordate, 3-lobed ; pedicels jointed under the middle ; involucel
tate, cordate, 5-7-angled, acuminated, serrated; stem hispid; 10-leaved, shorter than the calyx. h.S. Native of the East
pedicels usually longer than the petioles ; involucel 8-9-leaved; Indies. Flowers purplish. Ker, bot. reg. t. 230. Jacq. vind.
capsules conical, covered with bristles. h.s. Native of the East t. 4. Cav. diss. 3. t. 67. f. 2. Serratures of leaves bristly.
Indies and South America. Cav. diss. 3. t. 62. f. 2.-Margr. Purple-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Shrub
bras. 45. t. 45.-Mer. surin. 42. t. 42.-Rumph. amb. 4. p. 38. 6 feet.
t. 15. Rheed. mal. 2. p. 71. t. 38. Flowers sulphur-coloured,
105 H. BETULI'NUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
with a dark-purple centre. Abelmoschus is derived from the 292.) plant herbaceous, branched ; leaves deltoid-ovate, acute,
Arabic Kabb-el-Misk, grain or seed of musk. It has large seeds rounded at the base, crenately-serrated, a little hairy on both
of a very musky odour, which are frequently used as a substitute surfaces; involucel 9-11-leaved ; capsules rather globose, with
for animal musk in scenting powders and pomatums. In Arabia
few-seeded cells. 4.S. Native near Cumana in South Ame-
and Egypt they are ground and mixed with coffee to render it rica. Flowers white.
more agreeable to the palate.
Birch-like Hibiscus. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
Musk Okro Hibiscus. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1640. Shrub 6 106 H. UNILATERA'LIS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 158. t. 67. f. F. c.)
to 8 feet.
leaves ovate, acuminated, toothed; pedicels longer than the
98 H. ERIOCA'RPUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 452.) leaves smooth, leaves, jointed above the middle; involucel 9-leaved ; stamens
ovate at the base, 5-nerved, 3-lobed ; lobes acuminated, entire; unilateral. h.S. Native of St. Domingo. Plum. ed. Burm.
pedicels longer than the petioles ; involucel of 8 or 9 oblong, t. 160. f. 1. Flowers scarlet. H. columbìnus, Moc. et Sesse,
waved, somewhat toothed, leaflets; capsules sub-globose, very fl. mex, icon. ined. is the same in every particular, but the
hispid both on the inside and outside. h.S. Native of Ben- stamens are not unilateral.
gal. Flowers yellow, with a dark centre ?
Unilateral-stamened Hibiscus Shrub 4 feet.
Woolly-fruited Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 107 H. RHOMBIFÒLIUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 156. t. 69. f. 3.)
6 to 10 feet.
leaves, rhomboidal-ovate, undivided, crenated at the apex, acu-
99 H. QUINQUE’LOBUS ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, rough; minated; pedicels very short; involucel 7-leaved. his. Na-
.
lobes acuminated, toothed, on long petioles; flowers in terminal tive of the East Indies. Flowers purple.
spiked racemes. h. S. Native of Sierra Leone. Habit of Rhomb-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 6 ft.
H. mutábilis. Flowers yellow. Perhaps belonging to this 108 H. GOSSYPI'NUS (Thunb. prod. 118.) leaves ovate, ser-
section, but the involucel and seeds are unknown.
rated ; petioles and stems hispid; pedicels jointed above the
Five-lobed-leaved Hibiscus Shrub 6 feet.
middle, hairy, a little longer than the leaves; involucel small,
100 H. DOMINGE'NSIS (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 550.) leaves 3-5- 7-leaved. h.s. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch.
lobed, toothed ; stem arboreous, prickly; pedicels unarmed, cat. no. 2364. ? Flowers purple?
.
1
1

MALVACEÆ. XIII. Hibiscus.
483
;
Cottony-seeded Hibiscus. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 4 ft. radical leaves cordate, roundish, upper ones 3-parted. H. Afri-
109 H. ROSA-MALABA' RICA (Kon. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 105.) cànus, Roth. beitr. 1. p.
43.
branches hairy ; leaves cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, serrated; Hispid-stemmed Ketmia. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1713. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
peduncles elongated, equal; leaflets of involucel 5-6, linear, equal 117 H. TRIONOÌDES ; stem shrubby, hispid; leaves 3-5-
in length to the calyx. . S. Native of Malabar. Ker. bot.
. lobed, middle lobe very long, all unequally toothed; calyx in-
reg. t. 337. H. hírtus, Lin. spec. 977. Cav. diss. 3. t. 67. f. 3. flated. h. G. Native of New Holland (Caley). Flowers
Flowers bright red, and also white.
yellowish with a dark centre. A weak shrub.
Malabar-rose. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
Trionum-like Ketmia. Shrub 1 foot.
110 H. MICRA'NTHUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 155. t. 66. f. 1.) 118 H. HUMBO'LDTII (Mart. mss. Coll. hort. rip. p. 350.)
leaves ovate or roundish, undivided, serrated, scabrous ; pedicels radical leaves almost undivided and cordate, upper ones more
longer than the leaves ; corollas reflexed; involucel 7-leaved. or less parted. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
ħ
h. s. Native of the East Indies. H. micranthus and H. rí- Perhaps H. hispidus var. è, cordifolius, D. C. prod. 1. P:
453.
gidus, Lin. fil. suppl. 308 and 310. according to Ait. hort. kew. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a dark centre.
ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 226. Flowers yellow, small,
Humboldt's Ketmia. Pl. 3 to 4 feet.
Small-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1794. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 119 H. VESICA'Rius (Cav. diss. 3. p. 171. t. 62. f. 2.) leaves
111 H. SPATHA'CEUS (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. toothed, lower ones undivided, upper ones 5-cleft with oblong,
p. 650.) leaves orbicularly-cordate, acuminated, denticulated, blunt lobes; calyx inflated, membranaceous, full of nerves.
clothed with stellate villi beneath ; branches covered with fasci- O. H. Native of Africa. H. Africanus, Mill. dict. no. 20.
cles of hairs; involucel 8-10-parted. . S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow with a dark-brownish purple centre.
Spathaceous Hibiscus. Shrub 2 feet.
Bladdery-calyxed Ketmia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1713. Pl.
112 H. CLANDESTI'NUS (Cav. icon. 1. p. 1. t. 2.) leaves į to 1] foot.
ovate, somewhat cordate, toothed, roughish ; lower ones obso- 120 H. RICHARDSÒNII (Sweet, hort. brit. 1. p. 51. Lindl.
.
letely 3-lobed ; pedicels jointed under the apex, length of leaves; bot. reg. t. 875.) suffruticose ; leaves hairy, 5-lobed; lobes
involucel 6-leaved ; calyx enclosing the petals. h.s. Native linear-oblong, coarsely toothed ; calyx villous, longer than the
of Senegal. Flowers whitish, becoming violet as they wither. involucrum; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the
Clandestine Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 3 ft. leaves, or in terminal racemes. h.G. Native of New South
113 H. OVALIFÒLIUS (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 50.) leaves oval and Wales. Corolla yellow, with a purple bottom.
rather angular, hispid ; stem scabrous from starry hairs; invo- Richardson's Ketmia. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
lucel 5-leaved. . G. Native of Arabia Felix on mountains.
Urèna ovalifolia, Forsk. descr. 124. Flowers yellow, with a dark
Sect. IX. SABDARI'FTA (a name given by the Turks to H.
centre, about the size of those of H. vitifolius.
sabdariffa). D. C. prod. 1. p. 453. Cells of capsule many-
Oval-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub 6-10 feet.
seeded. Seeds smooth. Involucel 1-leaved, many-toothed, joined
114 H. VIRGA'TUS (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. together at the base, or even to the middle and with the calyx.
650.) leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated, remotely-toothed Annual plants with smooth, thickish leaves. This section nearly
above, lower ones cuneiform-ovate, 3-lobed ; peduncles shorter agrees in character with the following genus Parítium.
than the leaves, jointed above the middle; involucel 8-10- 121 H. SABDARI'FFA (Lin. spec. 978.) leaves fleshy, toothed,
leaved. h.S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow?
lower ones ovate, undivided, middle ones 3-lobed, cuneated at
Twiggy Hibiscus. Shrub 4 feet.
the base; flowers almost sessile; involucel 10-12-lobed. O.S.
Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 3. t. 198. f. 1. Bonpl.
Sect. VIII. TRIO'NUM (Tplovov, trionon, a name applied by
nav. t. 29. Lois. herb. amat. t. 296. Stems unarmed, smooth,
Theophrastes to a Malvaceous plant, said to be derived from red. Flowers sulphur-coloured with a dark-red centre. The
The
TPELC, treis, three; from the 3 divisions of the leaf or from the name of this plant in the West Indies is Red-sorrel.
3 colours of the flowers). Medik. malv. p. 46. D. C. prod. 1.
calyxes and the capsules, freed from the seeds, make very agree-
Cells of capsule many-seeded. Seeds smooth. Co- able tarts; and a decoction of them, sweetened and fermented,
rolla expanded. Involucel many-leaved. Calyx bladdery, in- is commonly called sorrel cool-drink. It is a small diluting
flated, full of nerves.
liquor much used in our sugar colonies, and reckoned very re-
115 H. Trio‘NUM (Lin. spec. 981.) leaves toothed, lower freshing in those sultry climates. The leaves are used in salads.
ones almost undivided, upper ones 3-parted ; lobes lanceolate, Sabdariffa is the Turkish name for this plant.
with the middle one very long; calyx inflated, membranaceous, Sabdariffa or Red-sorrel. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1596. Pl.
full of nerves. 0. H. Native of Italy and Carniola. Flowers
1 to 3 feet.
cream-coloured with a dark-purple centre. Cay. diss. 3. -122 H. DIGITA'TUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 151. t. 70. f. 2.) leaves
t. 64. f. 1. Curt. bot. mag. t. 209.
palmately 5-parted, with lanceolate serrated lobes; petioles mu-
Three-coloured-flowered or Bladder Ketmia. Fl. June, Sept. ricated ; flowers almost sessile, solitary ; involucel 7-cleft
. O.S.
Clt. 1596. Pl. 1 to 12 foot.
Native of Brazil. Flowers white, with a dark-red centre.
116 H. HI'SPIDUS (Mill. dict. no. 21.) leaves toothed, lower Var. B, Kerriànus (D. C. prod. 1. p. 453.) leaves variable,
ones 3-lobed, upper ones 5-parted, blunt; lobes lanceolate, with
;
some of them 3-5-cleft, others ovate, undivided, toothed. O.S.
the middle one longest; calyxes inflated, membranaceous, full
Native of Brazil at Rio Janeiro. H. digitàtus, Ker. bot. reg.
of nerves ; stem hispid. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good t. 608. Flowers white with a red centre as well as being red
Hope. Ker. bot. reg. t. 806. H. Triònum, var. y, híspidus, on the outside. Perhaps a distinct species from the plant of
D. C. prod. 1. p. 453. Flowers yellow, with a dark-brownish
Cavanilles.
purple centre.
Digitate-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1816. Pl. 2 ft.
Var. B, ternàtus (Cav. diss. 3. p. 172. t. 64. f. 3.) leaves
nearly all 3-parted, with coarsely-toothed lobes; pedicels scarcely
Species not sufficiently known.
longer than the petioles ; stem dwarf. Native of the Cape of
;
Native of the Cape of 123 H. DIGITIFÓRMIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 454.) leaves digitate,
Good Hope
usually of 9 equal very narrow lobes, somewhat pubescent; pe-
Var, d, cordifolius (Moench. suppl. 202. under Triònum,) tioles clothed with cinereous down. . S. Native of? H.
p. 453.
a
3 2 2

484
MALVACEÆ. XIII. HIBISCUS. XIV. PARITIUM.
digitatus, Poir. suppl. 3. p. 220. but not of Cav. Flowers yel- Blue-stigmaed Hibiscus. Shrub.
low with a purple centre.
136 H. BAHAME'NSIS (Mill. dict. no. 14.) leaves smooth, hoary
Finger-shaped-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub 3 feet.
beneath, oblong, cordate, toothed, on long petioles ; flowers
124 H. FLABELLA'TUS (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 220.) shrub spiny; subterminal, very large,
subterminal, very large, pale-purple. 4. G.
2. G. Native of the
leaves fan-shaped, 5-parted, very smooth ; lobes lanceolate, ser- Bahama islands.
rated. Þ.G. Native of New Holland. Flowers yellow ? Bahama Hibiscus. Pl. 2 feet.
Fan-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub.
137 H. PURPU'REUS (Forsk. descr. p. 126.) leaves cordate,
125 H. SPICA'TUS (Cav. diss. 3. p. 163. t. 59. f. 1.) leaves 5. oblong, acute, serrated ; stigmas 5, long, capitate ; capsules
lobed, obtuse, downy; flowers sessile, disposed in a long ter- globose, 7-winged. ?G. Native of Arabia. Flowers purple.
minal spike. h.S. Native of ? Perhaps a species of Althæa. Purple-flowered Hibiscus. Shrub.
Spike-flowered Hibiscus. Shrub.
138 H. PANDURÆFO'RMIS (Burm. ind. p. 151. t. 47. f. 2.)
126 H. FLAVE'scENs (Cav. diss. 3. p. 164. t. 70. f. 3.) leaves leaves cordate, lanceolate, toothletted, tomentose; stem herba-
5-lobed, palmate, unequally toothed, hairy; stems and petioles ceous, hairy; involucel 8-leaved. h. S. Native of the East
unarmed. K.S. Native of Pondicheri. Flowers yellowish. Indies. Flowers sulphur-coloured. Perhaps H. tubulosus.
Yellowish-flowered Hibiscus. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
Fiddle-shaped-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub.
127 H. FASCICULA'TUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex, icon. ined. D.C. 139 H. PARVIFLORUS (Weinm. in flora. 1820. p. 610.) stem
prod. 1.
p. 454,) leaves villous, palmately 5-cleft with toothed shrubby, hispid; leaves cordate, angular, crenated, tomen-
lobes, ultimate one longest ; pedicels crowded in the axillæ of tose beneath; involucel 9-leaved ; leaflets dilated at the
apex.
the leaves, one of which is longer than the others. h.S. H.S. Native of America. Petals small, hispid on the out-
Native of Mexico.
side, of a dirty-yellowish colour with 5 reddish spots. Resem-
Bundled-pedicelled Hibiscus. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
bles H. Senegalensis and H. tubulosus.
128 H. TRIPARTÌTUS (Forsk. descr. p. 126.) leaves 3-parted, Small-flowered Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub
with lanceolate, serrated lobes; peduncles axillary, 4-times 4 feet.
shorter than the fruit; stem and calyx prickly; capsules hairy. 140 H. CHINE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 455.) smooth ; leaves
n. G. Native of Arabia and Egypt.
ovate, acuminated, toothed ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, longer
Three-parted-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub?
than the petioles ; involucel of 6-8 bristle-like leaves.
h.G.
129 H. ACETOSÆFÒLIUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Native of China. Braam. icon. chin. 1821. t. 24. Flowers
D. C. prod. 1. p. 455.) hispid ; leaves deeply 3-parted with white. Resembles H. phoeniccus.
oblong, acute, toothed lobes, 2 lateral ones short, erect, middle Chinese Hibiscus. Shrub 4 feet.
one very long ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered. O. S. Native 141 H. CUCURBITI'NUS (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1481. voy. 1.
.
of Mexico.
p. 278.) plant trailing, tomentose; leaves roundish, repand,
Sorrel-leaved Hibiscus. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Pl. 2 feet.
less downy above; flowers crowded, racemose, axillary. ©? G.
O
130 H. FRATE'RNUS (Lin. fil. suppl. 311.) shrub smooth ; Native of the Cape of Good Hope near Dwaal river. Corolla
leaves 3-lobed ; rays of involucel terete, mucronate-concave at brown, campanulate, hardly longer than the calyx. It is called
the apex; capsules pubescent. O.S. Native of Surinam. by the Hottentots Wilde Kalebas.
Flowers yellow. Merian. Surin. t. 37. Perhaps the same as
Gourd-like Hibiscus. Pl. trailing.
H. sabdariffa.
There are several other species of Hibiscus which are only
Brotherly Hibiscus. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
known by name, viz. H. setosus, Roxb. H. tortuosus, Roxb.
131 H. BORBO'NICUS (Link. enum. 2. p. 216.) leaves cordate- H. truncatus, Roxb. H. Chinensis, Roxb. H. stríctus, Roxb.
roundish, somewhat lobed, unequally and sharply toothed, to- H. pentaphyllus, Roxb. H. fràgrans, Roxb. H. tetra iris,
mentose beneath ; involucel of 5 oblong, long-pointed leaflets, Roxb. and H. pumilis, Roxb.
which taper towards the base. h.S. Native of the Island of Cult. The species are all showy-flowering plants. The
Bourbon. Flowers large, yellow.
shrubby stove kinds thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat.
Bourbon Hibiscus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 ft. Cuttings will strike root readily in sand or mould under a hand-
132 H. TOMENTÒSUS (Mill. dict. no. 5.) leaves cordate, angled, glass, in heat. The green-house shrubby species require nearly
serrated, tomentose ; stem arboreous; capsules hairy, 5-horned. the same treatment as the stove kinds. The annual stove
h. S. Native of the West Indies. Flowers yellow, but be- species should be sown in pots and placed in a hot-bed frame,
coming purplish as they decay. Perhaps a species of Parítium. and when the plants are of sufficient size they should be separ-
Tomentose-leaved Hibiscus. Tree 80 feet.
ated and planted singly in pots, in a mixture of loam and peat ;
133 H. BRACTEO'sus (Moc. et Sesse, A. mex. icon. ined. D.C. and after they have recovered this shifting they should be removed
prod. 1. p. 455.) leaves cordate, somewhat orbicular, mucronate, to the stove, where they may remain until they have ripened
entire ; stipulas large, ovate, upper ones in the form of brac- their seed. The H. Syriacus or Althæa frutex is the only hardy
teas; involucel 5-leaved. h.s. Native of Mexico. Flowers shrubby species. It will thrive well in any common garden-
yellow. Resembles H. tiliàceus. Perhaps a species of Parítium. soil, and may be either raised in abundance from seeds or layers.
Large-bracted Hibiscus. Tree 30 feet.
The different varieties of this plant may be grafted on each
134 H. OXYPHY'LLUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined. other, and cuttings planted under a hand-glass will strike root
D. C, prod. 1. p. 455.) smooth ; leaves cordate, toothed, acu- freely. The hardy herbaceous species, which are very showy,
minated; involucel of 5 spreading, linear leaflets, which are chiefly belong to section Abelmoschus, thrive best in a moist
dilated at the apex, longer than the calyx. h? S. Native of soil, but being rather tender most of them require protection
Mexico on the mountains of Xochipico. Flowers white, with a in severe winters; they are only to be increased by dividing the
flesh-coloured centre.
plants at the root in spring.
Sharp-leaved Hibiscus. Shrub. .
135 H. CYANO'GYNUS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. XIV. PARI'TIUM (Pariti is the Malabar name of P. tilià-
D. C. prod. 1. p. 455.) hispid ; leaves cordate, acute, toothed ; ceum). St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 255. Paríti, Adans. Hibiscus,
.
peduncles axillary, many-flowered, upper ones rather panicled; sect. x. Azánza, D. C. prod. 1. p. 454.
involucel many-leaved, spreading. ? S. Native of Mexico. Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyandria. Calyx girded by a 10-
a
a
a
a

MALVACEÆ. XIV. PARITIUM. XV. LAGUNARIA.
485
a
pores on
14-toothed or 10-14-cleft involucel, shorter than the calyx. 10-cleft. n. S. Native of Java. Flowers sulphur-coloured,
Staminiferous tube 5-toothed, naked. Style 5-cleft exserted
-
with a purplish-brown centre. Leaves with 3-5 linear
above the staminiferous tube. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved; the nerves beneath.
valves with dissepiments in the middle, appearing as if the Similar Paritium. Tree 40 feet.
capsule was 10-celled. Seeds kidney-shaped. Trees or shrubs. 8 P. GANGEʼTICUM ; leaves ovate, cordate, sometimes slightly
Leaves entire, crenated or lobed, glandular at the base on the 3-lobed, rufescent beneath ; involucel connate at the base;
;
nerves. Stipulas twin, broad, ovate. Peduncles 1-flowered, axil- branches and petioles rufescent; peduncles long or short, axil-
lary, or terminal and bibracteolate. Flowers yellow or purplish. lary and terminal. h.S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers
This genus has been separated from Hibiscus, we shall therefore yellow with a dark-purple bottom ? Hibiscus Gangéticus, Roxb.
retain the authorities for the species under that genus.
Gangetic Paritium. Clt. 1800. Tree 30 feet.
1 P. TRICU'SPIs (Cav. diss. 3. p. 152. t. 55. f. 21. under Hi- 9 P. MACROPHYLLUM (Roxb. hort. beng. under Hibiscus,)
bíscus,) leaves hoary, 3-lobed ; lobes lanceolate, a little toothed ; villous ; leaves large, roundish-cordate, acuminated, crenulated,
peduncles axillary, usually 2-flowered, disposed in racemes at pale and glandular beneath ; petioles and peduncles hairy-
the top of the branches; involucel 9-toothed. ħ.S. Native tomentose; involucel 12-14-cleft; capsules many-seeded; seeds
of the Society Islands. H. hastàtus, Lin. fil. suppl. 310. Corolla bearded on the margins. . S. Native of Bengal, Chitta-
yellow, with a brown centre, changing to red as they fade, as in gong, and Silhet. H. macrophyllus, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 51.
P. tiliàceum.
Wall. pl. asiat. rar. p. 44. t. 51. Flowers terminal and axillary,
Three-pointed-leaved Paritium. Clt. 1820. Tree 25 feet. solitary or twin, large, yellow, with a purple centre. There
2 P. AzA'NZÆ (D. C. prod. 1. p. 454. under Hibiscus,) leaves is a large single spatha which incloses the flower-bud and a 2-
smooth, lower ones palmately-lobed, middle ones cordate, upper leaved spatha which incloses the leaf-bud. Stigmas 5-6.
ones ovate, entire; involucel 10-12-toothed. h. s. Native Large-leaved Paritium. Clt. 1810. Tree 40 feet.
of Mexico. Azánza insígnis, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. 10 P. ABUTILOI'DES (Willd. enum. 736. under Hibiscus,) leaves
Flowers large, scarlet.
roundish, cordate, acuminated, crenate, green, and smooth on
Azánza's Paritium. Tree 20 feet.
both surfaces ; stipulas cordate-ovate. h.S. Native of South
3 P. CIRCINNA'TUM (Willd. enum. 735. under Hibiscus,) leaves America.—Sloan. jam. hist. 1. t. 134. f. 4. exclusive of the
orbicular, cordate, acuminated, very entire, hoary-pubescent synonymes. Flowers the colour of the preceding. The bark of
beneath; involucel 10-toothed. h. S. Native of Caraccas, this species being very pliable is made into cordage.
Flower purplish? Like P. elàtum.
Mulberry-like Paritium. Clt. 1820.
Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet.
Round-leaved Paritium. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet.
11 P. PERNAMBUCE'NSE (Bertol. exc. p. 13. under Hibiscus,)
4 P. TILIA CEUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p.156.) leaves crenulated, leaves profoundly cordate, roundish, acuminated, crenated;
cordate, acuminated, smooth above and hoary from down be- older ones very smooth on both surfaces; stipulas lanceolate-
neath, 9-11-nerved ; involucel 10-lobed. ñ.S. Native of the falcate. ħ. S. Native of Brazil and Guadaloupe. Flowers
East Indies and Brazil. H. tiliaceus, Lin. spec. 976. Cav. unknown but probably yellow, with a dark centre.
diss. 3. t. 55. f. 1. Ker. bot, reg. t. 232. Paríti, Rheed. mal. 1. Pernambuco Paritium. Tree 40 feet.
t. 30.—Rumph. amb. 2. p. 218. t. 73. Leaves furnished at the Cult. The species of Parítium will grow well in loam and
nerves beneath with 1-3 linear pores. Flowers sulphur-coloured, sand, and half-ripened cuttings will root readily in sand, under a
with a large purplish-brown spot at the base of each petal. hand-glass, in heat. As all the species grow to considerable-sized
In the island of Otaheite they make matting of the bark of trees before they flower, it is not likely that any of them can
this tree as fine as our coarse cloth. Also ropes and lines, from be brought to flower in our stoves.
the size of an inch to that of a small packthread; and fishing
Forster informs us they also suck this bark for food, XV. LAGUNA'RIA (a name given to this genus from its
when the bread-fruit fails them; and in New Caledonia the in- similarity to Lagunæ'a, which see). Hibiscus, sect. xi. Lagu-
habitants frequently subsist on it, though it is an insipid food, nària, D.C. prod. 1. p. 454.
.
affording very little nourishment.
LINSYST
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded
Lime-tree-like Paritium. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1739. Tree 40 ft. by a hardly evident, entire, or toothed involucel or margin.
5 P. ELA'TUM (Swartz. fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 1218. under Hibís- Stigmas 5, adglutinate. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled, many-seeded.
cus,) leaves roundish-cordate, quite entire, white from down Trees with entire lanceolate leaves, and large reddish flowers
beneath ; peduncles very short, 1-flowered; involucel 10-cleft.
short, 1-flowered; involucel 10-cleft. rising singly from the axillæ of the leaves.
ħ. S. Native of Jamaica, Porto-Rico, French Guiana, &c. 1 L. PATERSO`NII (Ait. hort. kew. 4. p. 224. under Hibiscus)
Leaves furnished on the middle nerve beneath with a linear pore. leaves lanceolate-oblong, quite entire, covered with whitish
The bark of this tree is very pliable and is made into cordage of scales beneath. K.G. Native of Norfolk Island. Hibiscus
various descriptions. It is called in Jamaica umbrella tree. Patersonius, Andr. bot. rep. 286. Lagunæ'a Patersònia, Sims.
.
Flowers large, of a purplish-copper colour.
bot. mag. t. 769. Lagunæ'a squàmea, Vent. malm. t. 42.
Tall Paritium. Clt. 1790. Tree 50 feet.
Flowers large, pale-red, or nearly white, solitary, axillary.
6 P. Guinee'nse (D. C. prod. 1. p. 454. under Hibiscus,) Paterson's Lagunaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1792. Tree 20 ft.
leaves roundish, cordate, quite entire, hoary from pubescence 2 L. CUNEIFORMIS ; leaves oblong, cuneated, obtuse, smooth,
beneath ; peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the petioles; invo-
quite entire.
h.G. Native of New Holland on the western
lucel very short, 10-toothed. h.s. Native of Guinea. Re- coast. Pedicels length of calyx; involucel very minute, toothed ;
sembles P. tiliàceum, but the flowers are twice the size. It is calyx cleft beyond the middle into 5 acuminated lobes. Stem
called in our colonies on the coast of Guinea umbrella tree, from and leaves resembling those of Candóllea cuneiformis. Flowers
the shade it affords.
Flowers at first yellow, but become pale-red?
purplish as they fade, like those of P. tiliàceum.
Guinea Paritium. Fl. April. Clt. 1822.
Wedge-shaped-leaved Lagunaria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? Tree
Fl. April. Clt. 1822. Tree 40 feet.
15 feet,
7 P. SIMILE (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1.
p.
651. Cult. Elegant shrubs, well adapted for conservatories.
under Hibiscus,) leaves orbicularly-cordate, acuminated, crenu- They will grow in a mixture of sand and loam, and cuttings
lated, covered with white stellate tomentum beneath ; involucel will root in sand under a hand-glass.
a
•
nets.

486
MALVACEÆ. XVI. THESPESIA. XVII. GOSSYPIUM.
--
a
.
XVI. THESPESIA (from 0€OTTEOLOG, thespesios, divine
divine ; of India, Africa, and Syria. Petals yellow with a purple spot
because the T. popúlnea is usually planted about churches within on each claw. Cay. diss. 6. t. 164. f. 2.-Blackw. icon. t. 354.
the tropics). Corr. ann. mus. 9. p. 290. D. C. prod. 1. p. 455. This is the only species cultivated in Europe, especially in the
Malvavíscus, Gært. fruct. 2. t. 135.
Levant, Malta, Sicily, and Naples; it is also grown in many
LIN. SYST.
Monadélphia, Polyandria. Calyx truncate, parts of Asia. In the Levant this species of cotton is sown in
girded by a 3-leaved deciduous involucel. Capsules 5-celled ;
; well prepared land in March in lines at 3 feet distance, and the
cells semi-parted, 4-seeded at the base, with an incomplete dis- patches of seeds 2 feet apart in the lines. The plants are thinned
sepiment. Albumen sparing. Trees with entire leaves. out to 2 or 3 in a place, and the earth is stirred by a one-horse plough
1 T. POPU'LNEA (Cor. l. c.) leaves roundish, cordate, acumi- or by manual labour with hoes, and irrigated once or twice a-
nated, 5-7-nerved, with dot-like scales beneath ; peduncles equal week by directing the water along the furrows between the rows.
in length to the petioles. H.S. Native of the East Indies, Guinea, The flowering season is usually over about the middle of Sep-
and the Society Islands. Hibiscus popúlneus, Lin. spec. 976. tember, and then the ends of the shoots are pinched off to de-
Cav. diss. 3. p. 152. t. 56. f. 1.-Rheed. mal. 1. p. 51. t. 29. termine the sap to the capsules. The capsules are collected
Pedicels 1-2 inches long. Flowers large, yellowish, with a dark- by hand as they ripen by a tedious process which lasts till the
red centre, inclining to green, becoming reddish as they decay. end of November. The cotton and the seeds are then separ-
This tree is very commonly cultivated about convents and mo- ated by manual labour, and the former packed in bales or bags
nasteries within the tropics. It is called umbrella tree in some for sale. The seeds are bruised for oil or eaten, and a portion
of our colonies.
kept for sowing; they are esteemed wholesome and nutritive.
Var. B, Guadalupénsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 456.) pedicels an The most extensive cotton farmers are in the vale of Lorento,
inch long; petals narrower, and evidently fringed at the base. in the vicinity of Mount Vesuvius. There the rotation of crops
h. S. Native or cultivated in the island of Guadaloupe. Per-
.
are 1, maize ; 2, wheat, followed by beans which ripen next
haps a distinct species.
March ; 3, cotton; 4, wheat, followed by clover; 5, melons,
Poplar-like Thespesia. Fl.? Clt. 1770. Tree 40 feet. followed by French beans. Thus in 5 years are produced 8
2 T. BRASILIE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 96.) leaves ovate- crops. In this district, wherever water can be commanded, it
oblong, acuminated, subtrifid, serrulated, tomentose beneath ; is distributed as in Tuscany and Lombardy to every kind of
peduncles panicled, floccose. ħ. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers crop
yellowish, with a dark centre ?
Herbaceous or Common Cotton. Fl. July. Clt. 1594. Pl.
Brazilian Thespesia. Tree 40 feet.
3 to 4 feet.
3 T. GRANDIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 456.) leaves ovate, 2 G. JAVA'NICUM (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p.
rather cordate, somewhat acuminated. h.s. Native of Porto- 651.) leaves roundish-cordate, half 3-lobed, never entire, quite
Rico. Hibíscus grandiflorus, Juss. ined. Flowers red, 4 smooth, with 1 gland beneath ; involucel jagged, 3-leaved ; calyx
or 5 inches in diameter. Pedicels 4 inches long. Fruit un- unequally 5-toothed; petioles and branches covered with black
known. Habit of T. popúlnea.
dots. h.S. Native of Java, where it is cultivated for its
Great-flowered Thespesia. Clt. 1327. Tree 30 feet.
cotton, Flower yellow, with purple claws.
4 T. MACROPHY'LLA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. Java Cotton Tree. Shrub 5 feet.
p. 651.) leaves cordate, acuminated, 5-nerved; peduncles 3 G. I'NDICUM (Lam. dict. 2. p. 134.) leaves 3-5-lobed, ob-
shorter than the petioles. h.s.
h.s. Native of Java.-Rumph. tuse, glandless; involucel rather cut at the apex; stem herba-
amb. 2. p. 224. t. 47. Flowers large,
Flowers large, yellowish, with a dark ceous, hairy. O. . S. Native of the East Indies.-Rumph.
centre, becoming reddish as they decay.
amb. 4. p. 38. t. 12. Cav. diss. 6. t. 169. Flowers yellow, with
Large-leaved Thespesia. Tree 30 feet.
purple claws. This species is cultivated in Amboyna for its cotton.
5 T.? ALTISSIMA (Spreng. syst. app. 3. p. 257.) leaves Indian Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl. 3 to 6 feet.
oblong, retuse, entire; peduncles lateral, many-flowered; sta- 4 G. MICRA'NTHUM (Cav. diss. 6. p. 311. t. 193.) leaves 5-
mens nearly free. N.S. Native of Java. Esenbéckia altís- lobed, obtuse, very smooth, with 1 gland beneath ; involucel mul-
sima, Blum, bijdr.
tifid, longer than the petals; stem smooth, dotted. O.S. Na-
Tallest Thespesia. Tree 60 feet.
tive of Persia at Ispahan. Flowers yellow, with purple claws ?
Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and This species is cultivated in Persia for its cotton.
sand, and half-ripened cuttings will root freely in sand or mould Small-flowered Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 or
under a hand-glass, in heat.
4 feet.
5 G. ARBOREUM (Lin. spec. 975.) leaves 5-lobed, palmate;
XVII. GOSSY'PIUM (qoz or qothn in Arabic signifies a lobes lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate from a short bristle, with i
soft substance; hence both the Latin and English name of the gland beneath; involucel deeply serrated ; stem hairy. h. S.
genus. In Egypt the name of the cotton-tree is Gotsnenseigiar). Native of the East Indies in sandy places.—Rheed. mal. 1. t. 31.
Lin. gen. no. 845. Lam. ill. t. 586. D. C. prod. 1.
P.
465.-
-Alp. exot. t. 38. Cav. diss. 6. t. 193. G. rubrum, Forsk.
Xylon, Tourn. inst. t. 27.
descr. no. 88? Flowers pale yellow, with brown claws. This
Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx cup-shaped, species is cultivated in the East Indies, as well as in Africa.
obtusely 5-toothed, girded by a 3-parted, or 3-leaved involucel, Cotton Tree. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1694. Shrub 4 to 10 ft.
.
with the leaflets joined at the base, cordate, deeply toothed. 6 G. VITIFÒLIUM (Lam. dict. 2. p. 135.) lower leaves 5-lobed,
(f. 83. a.). Stigmas 3 (f. 83. e.) or 5. Capsules 3-5-celled (f. palmate, upper ones 3-lobed, with 1 or 3 glands beneath ; invo-
83.f.), many-seeded. Seeds imbedded in the cotton (f. 83.g.). lucels jagged ; calyx with three glands at the base ; stem dotted,
The species are little known. This is an important genus as smooth. 0. (Com.) S. h.(Roxb.) S. Native of the East In-
furnishing the down used in the cotton manufacture. This down dies. Cav. diss. 6. t. 166.-Rumph. amb. 4. t. 13.-G. glabrum,
is found lining the capsules. There are several species culti- Lam. according to Cav. is not distinct from this plant. This
vated for cotton in different parts of the world.
species is cultivated in the East Indies and Brazil. Flowers
1 G. HERBACEUM (Lin. spec. 975.) leaves 5-lobed, with 1 gland yellow, with purple claws.
beneath ; lobes rounded, mucronate ; involucel serrated ; stem Vine-leaved Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1805.
Clt. 1805. Pl. 5 feet.
even, smooth. O. (Lin.) S. 3. (Par.) S. 4. (Roxb.) S. Native 7 G. HIRSU'TUM (Lin. spec. 975.) upper leaves undivided,
-
-
-
LIN. SYST.
.

MALVACEÆ. XVII. GOSSYPIUM. XVIII. REDOUTEA.
487
5
a
d-
cordate, lower ones 3-5-lobed, with 1 gland beneath ; branches usually three hundred pounds. An acre may be expected to
and petioles hairy ; involucels 3-toothed at the apex. O.org.
. O.org. produce two hundred and forty pounds to that quantity, or two
(Willd.) S. K. (Roxb.) S. Native of South America. Flowers hundred and seventy pounds on an average. Long's jam. iii. p.
yellow.-Pluk, alm. 172. t. 299. f. 1.—Sab. hort. 1. t. 55.- 686, &c. and Browne.
Cav. diss. 6. t. 167. This species is occasionally cultivated in Barbadoes Cotton. Fl. Sep. Clt. 1759.
Clt. 1759. Pl. 5 feet.
the West Indies, but the cotton is not considered good, nor is it 12 G. PERUVIA'NUM (Cav. diss.
easy to separate it from the seeds. -
6. p. 313. t. 168.) leaves 5-lobed,
FIG. 83.
Hairy Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1731. Pl. 3 to 6 feet. with 3 glands beneath, lower ones
8 G. EGLANDULÒSUM (Cav. diss. 6. p. 354.) leaves 5-lobed, undivided; involucels jagged, with
glandless, with 3 oblong acuminated lobes ; stem villous ; invo- 3 glands at the base. Š.S. Native
lucels 3-4- toothed. O.S. Native of? Perhaps the same as of Peru. Flowers yellow, with red
G. herbàceum. Flowers yellow, spotted at the base.
dots at the base (f. 83.).
Glandless-leaved Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 3 feet ?
Peruvian Cotton. Pl. 4 feet.
9 G. RELIGIÒSUM (Lin. spec. 975.) upper leaves 3-lobed,
.
13 G. PURPURA'SCENS (Poir.
lower ones 5-lobed, with 1 gland beneath; branches and petioles suppl. 2. p. 369.) leaves 3-lobed,
villous, and with black spots; involucel usually 3-lobed, jagged, pubescent beneath, with ovate-lan-
villous ; cotton pale-copper coloured. š. (Cav.) S. 4. (Rottb.) ceolate acute lobes ; involucel jag-
S. Native? Cav. diss. 6. t. 164. f. 1. Leaves almost the
Leaves almost the ged; branches puberulous at the
size of the hand. Perhaps G. tricuspidatum, Lam. dict. 2. p. top; capsules 3-valved. h. S.
9
136. Flowers at first white. This is probably the species of Native of South America.)
Gossýpium, from whence the nankeen clothing is formed without Purplish-stemmed Cotton. Sh.
any dyeing process; if so, it is a native of China.
6 feet.
Religious Cotton. Fl. July. Clt. 1777. Pl. 3 to 6 feet. 14 G. RACEMÒSUM (Poir. suppl.
10 G. LATIFÒLIUM (Murr. comm. gett. 1776. p. 32. t. 1.) 2. p. 370.) very smooth; leaves somewhat cordate, 3-lobed,
leaves acute, the lower ones undivided, the rest 3-lobed, with 1 acuminated; flowers somewhat racemose at the tops of the
gland beneath. ? N.S. Native of ? Flowers large, white, branches ; capsules 3-valved. K.S. Native of Porto-Rico.
turning red as they wither.
Flowers yellow, with purple claws.
Broad-leaved Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub 6 ft. Racemose-flowered Cotton. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
11 G. BARBADE'NSE (Lin. spec. 975.) upper leaves 3-lobed,
lower ones 5-lobed, with 3 glands beneath; stem smooth; seeds
+ Names of species to be enquired into ; they are probably sy-
free. $? P.S. Native of Barbadoes.-Pluk. alm. 172. t. 188.
f. 1. Flowers large, yellow, with a purple spot at the base of
nonymes of the former species.
each petal, finally turning red. This is the species which is
generally cultivated in the West Indies, and forms a consider-
15 G. OBTUSIFÒLIUM (Roxb. hort. beng. 51.) n. S. Native
able branch of their exports. The seeds are sown in rows about
of Ceylon. Lobes of leaves blunt.
5 feet asunder, at the end of September or the beginning of
Blunt-leaved Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. ? Shrub 6 feet.
October; at first but slightly covered, but after it is grown up
16 G. ACUMINATUM (Roxb. hort. beng. 51.) ñ.S. Native
h.s.
the root is well moulded. The soil should not be stiff nor
of Hindostan. Lobes of leaves acuminated.
shallow, as this plant has a tap root. The ground is hoed fre-
Acuminated-leaved Cotton. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub
6 feet.
quently, and kept very clean about the young plants until they
rise to a moderate height. It grows from 4 to 6 feet high, and
17 G. GLANDULÓSUM (Ræusch. nom.) This is probably G.
produces two crops annually; the first is eight months from the
Peruviànum or G. vitifolium.
time of sowing the seed; the second within four months after
Glandular Cotton. Pl. 4 feet?
the first, and the produce of each plant is reckoned about one
N. B. There are 29 species described by Von Rohr, which
pound weight. The branches are pruned and trimmed after the are probably varieties or synonymous with those described above.
first gathering ; and if the growth is over luxuriant, this should There are 7 species described by Paris, which are also probably
When great part of the pods are expanded, the synonymous with those above.
wool is picked and afterwards cleared from the seeds by a
Cult. The shrubby species may be increased by seeds,
machine, called a gin, composed of two or three smooth wooden or cuttings not too much ripened will root freely under a hand-
rollers of about one inch "diameter, ranged horizontally, close, glass in a light soil
. The annual and biennial species should be
and parallel to each other, in a frame ; at each extremity they
sown in pots in spring, and placed in a hot-bed frame, and when
are toothed or channelled longitudinally, corresponding one with
the plants are of sufficient size they should be planted in separate
the other; and the central roller being moved with a treadle or
pots and shifted into larger ones as they grow. A light rich soil
foot-lathe, resembling that of a knife-grinder, makes the other
suits them best. The species require a moist heat.
two revolve in contrary directions. The cotton is laid in small
quantities at a time upon these rollers whilst they are in motion,
and readily passes between them, drops into a sack, placed un- XVI. REDOUTE A (in honour of P.J. Redouté, a meritorious
derneath to receive it, leaving the seeds which are too large to botanical artist; he is well known by his drawings in Redouté
pass with it, behind. The cotton thus separated from the seeds "Liliacees, and in Ventenats Jardin de Malmaison.) Vent. cels.
is afterwards hand-picked and cleansed thoroughly from any t. 11. D. C. prod. 1. p. 457.
little particles of the pods or other substances, which may be ad- Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-parted,
LINSYST
hering to it
. It is then stowed in large bags, where it is well girded by a 10 or 12-leaved involucel (f. 84. a.), shorter than
trod down, that it may be close and compact; and the better to the calyx (f. 84. b.). Stigmas 3 (f. 84.g.). Capsules 3-celled,
answer this purpose, some water is every now and then sprinkled 3-valved (f. 84. h.), many-seeded, with 3 placentas, alternating
on the outside of the bag; the marketable weight of which is with the valves, bearing woolly seeds (f. 84. 1.) on both sides.
be done sooner.
a
a

488
MALVACEÆ. XVIII. REDOUTEA. XIX. Fugosia. XX. Serra. XXI. LOPIMIA. XXII. POLYCHLÆNA.
a
ra
a
a
1 R. HETEROPHY'LLA (Vent. cels.
4 F. PHLOMIDIFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 253. t. 50.) leaves
FIG. 84,
t. 11.) leaves ciliated, elliptical,
ovate or lanceolate, entire, densely tomentose beneath; stigmas
rounded at both ends, entire, rarely
3, distinct; cells of ovary 5-ovulate ; capsule villous; seeds
3-lobed. h.s. Native of the West
woolly. F. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas
Indian Island St. Thomas, and on
Geraes in fields. Flowers yellow, with a dark-purple base.
the banks of the river Orinoco. H.
Phlomis-leaved Fugosia. Fl. May. Shrub 1 foot.
B. et Kunth, nov. gen. and spec.
Cult. These plants are hardly worth cultivating except in
f
amer. 5. p. 293. Stem erect,
botanical gardens. They will grow well in a mixture of loam
smooth, branched. Leaves 3-nerved, e
and peat, and cuttings not too much ripened will root readily in
beset with scattered scales. Flowers
sand or mould under a hand-glass, in heat.
sulphur-coloured, with purple claws, h
standing on trigonal pedicels (f.
XX. SE'RRA (to the memory of Serra, a Spanish
84.).
botanist, who wrote upon the plants of Majorca.) Cav. diss. 2.
Variable-leaved Redoutea. Fl.
p. 83. t. 35. f. 3. D. C. prod. 1. p. 457.–Serræ'a, Willd. spec.
.
July. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 feet.
3. p. 695.
2 R. TRIPARTITA (H. B. and
LIN. Syst. Monadelphia, Decúndria. Calyx 5-toothed, small,
Kunth, nov. gen. and spec. amer.
girded by a 3-leaved involucel ; leaflets cordate, entire. An-
5. p. 293.) leaves smoothish, deeply
thers about 10, stipitate at the top and upper part of the tube,
3-parted ; segments oblong, acute, cuneated at the base, inter- and with a 4 or 5-crenate membrane under the ovary Stigmas
mediate one entire or obsoletely 3-lobed, lateral ones bifid. h. 5. Capsules 2-celled ? 10-seeded.
S. Native of South America on the banks of the river Amazon. 1 S. INCA'NA (Cav. I. c.) O?F. Native of Arabia in the island
A trailing shrub with yellow flowers.
of Soccotara. The whole plant downy, 3 inches high. Leaves
.
Three-parted-leaved Redoutea. Shrub procumbent.
cordate, truncate, 3-toothed. Flowers yellowish, axillary, almost
Cult. These shrubs are easily increased by seeds; they sessile.
should be sown in pots, and placed in a hot-bed frame, and Hoary Serra. Pl. 1 to ] foot.
when the plants are of sufficient size they should be separated, Cult, A plant of easy culture. It can be propagated by
and planted singly into other pots, or they may be reared by seeds.
cuttings planted in sand or mould, under a hand-glass, in heat.
XXI. LOPI'MIA (from Awaipos, lopimos, easy of decortica-
XIX. FUGO'SIA (a name abridged by Jussieu from Cien- tion.) Mart. in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 96. D. C. prod. 1. p. 457.
fuegosia, instituted by Cavanilles in memory of Bernard Cien- Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Involucel longer than
LIN
fuegos, a Spanish botanist, who lived towards the end of the the calyx, of 20, bristle-like connivent leaflets. Corolla flat.
sixteenth century.) Juss. gen. 274. D. C. prod. 1. p. 457.- Column of stamens deflexed. Stigmas 10. Anthers 30-40.
Cienfuegosia, Cav. diss. 3. p. 174. t. 72. f. 2. Lam. ill
. t. 577. Capsule of 5 carpels; carpels indehiscent, covered with mucilagi-
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-cleft, girded nous glue. Habit of Sìda. The bark is used for cordage.
by a 6-12-leaved involucel ; leaflets bristle-like, very short (f. 1 L. MALACOPHY'LLUM (Mart. 1. c.) h.S. Native of Bra-
85. a.). Anthers numerous from the sides and lower part zil about Bahia. Sìda malacophylla, Link, and Otto, abb.
of the staminiferous tube (f. 85. d.). Stigmas 3-4, adglutinate gew. berl. 1. p. 67. t. 30. Shrub clothed with soft starry white
or free, clavated. Capsule 3-4-celled, 3-4-valved, 3-seeded, pubescence. Leaves orbicular, cordate, coarsely toothed. Flowers
from abortion. Seeds naked or covered with short wool.
axillary, solitary, or crowded at the tops of the branches, scarlet.
1 F. DIGITA'TA (Pers. ench. 2.
This plant when growing in its place of natural growth, and
p. 240.) leaves 3-5-parted, with
FIG. 85.
when in flower, has much the appearance of Chirònia frutéscens.
linear blunt lobes; pedicels 1-flow-
Soft-leaved Lopimia. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 to 4 ft.
ered; seeds smooth. h.S. Na-
Cult. This beautiful shrub will do well in a mixture of loam
tive of Senegal. Cienfuègia digi-
and peat, and half-ripened cuttings will root freely in sand under a
tàta, Willd. spec. 3. p. 723.
.
hand-glass in heat, or it may be raised from seed, which no doubt
Flowers yellow, with a red tube.
will ripen in this country.
(f. 85.). Stigmas adglutinated.
Digitate-leaved Fugosia. Shrub
XXII. POLYCHLÆ NA (from molu, poly, many, xlalva,
1 foot.
chlaina, a cloak, alluding to the many-leaved involucel.)
2 F. SULFU'REA (St. Hil. fl. bras.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Involucel of numerous
1. p. 252. t. 49.) leaves roundish,
linear, ciliated leaflets, which are longer than the calyx. Capsule
toothed, pubescent; stigmas 4,
5-celled, pilose; cells 1-seeded. Seeds angular. Annual plants
adglutinate; capsule smooth ; seed
with serrated leaves and crowded cymose heads of small white
solitary, covered with short wool.
flowers, and awl-shaped stipulas.
h.S. Native of Brazil in the
pro-
1 P. RAMÒSA; erect branched, pilose ; leaves lanceolate, acute,
vince of Cisplatine in dry pas-
serrated, on short petioles ; flowers cymose, terminal. O.S.
Flowers sulphur-coloured,
Native of Guinea.
axillary, solitary.
Branched Polychlæna. Pl. 1 foot.
Sulphur-coloured-flowered Fugosia. Pl. prostrate.
2 P. sI'MPLEX; simple, hispid ; leaves ovate, acute, serrated,
3 F. AFFI'Nis (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 253.) leaves oblong-
fl.
stalked ; flowers terminal, sessile. O.S. Native of Guinea.
ovate, farinosely-tomentose beneath ; stigmas 4, distinct ; cells Simple Polychlana. Pl. 1 foot.
of ovary 7-8-ovulate. h. S. Native of Brazil. Peduncles Cult. These plants will grow in any common garden-soil ;
solitary, axillary, 1-flowered. Seeds solitary from abortion. however they are not worth cultivating except in general col-
Allied Fugosia. Shrub 1 foot.
lections,
ho
tures.

MALVACEÆ. XXIII. Palavia. XXIV. CRISTARIA. XXV. ANODA.
489
a
a
a
DIVISION II. Calyx naked at the base, that is to say, without p. 465. Málva coccínea, Fras. cat. Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 81.
an involucel.
Flowers bright scarlet. Styles 10. Carpels not winged.
Scarlet-flowered Cristaria. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1811. Pl. I ft.
XXIII. PALA'VIA (in honour of Antonio Palau y Verdera, Cult. The three first species should
be grown in pots in a mix-
M. D. once professor of botany at Madrid.) Cav. diss. 1. p. 40. ture of sand and peat, and in winter they should be kept in a
Lam. ill. t. 577. D. C. prod. 1. p. 458.
green-house or a frame. The C. coccinea will only thrive when
LIN. SYST. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. planted in a border of peat soil, and it is propagated but slowly
Carpels many, capsular, 1-seeded, collected into a head without by dividing the roots, or by seeds. The others
may
be
propa-
order. This genus differs from Sìda as Málope does from gated in the same manner.
Málva, and from Málope as Sida does from Málva.
1 P. MALVÆFÒLIA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 40. t. 11. f. 4.) plant XXV. A'NODA (from a priv. and nodus, knot; given to
smoothish, prostrate; leaves sub-lobate, rather cordate; pedun- this genus because the pedicels are without the articulation
cles solitary, about the length of the leaves.. O. H. Native which is remarked in Sida.) Cav. diss. 1. p. 38. D. C. prod.
of Peru in sand near Lima. Málope parvifòra, Lher. stirp. 1, 1. p. 458.
. p. 103. t. 50. Palàvia declinata, Monch. Flowers small, red. LIN. syst. Monadélphia. Polyándria. Calyx naked, 5-cleft ;
Mallow-leaved Palavia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1794. Pl. lobes acuminated, much spreading when in fruit. Capsules hemis-
prostrate.
pherical beneath, depressed and stellate above, many-celled, or
2 P. MOSCHATA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 41. t. 11. f. 5.) plant tomen-
with 1-celled 1-seeded divisions. Habit of Sida.
tose, erect; leaves cordate, crenate; peduncles longer than the
leaves. O. H. Native of Peru near Lima, in the sand.
* Carpels or cells of capsule stellately disposed, each ending
Flowers yellowish or purplish. There is a specimen of this plant
in a somewhat spiny mucrone.
in the herbarium of Balbis under the name of P. prostràta of 1 A. HASTA'TA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 38. t. 11. f. 2.) lower leaves
All. ; it is probably the same as the following species.
cordate, acuminate, 5-angled, a little toothed, obtuse, upper ones
Musk-scented Palavia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. hastate, acuminated, somewhat toothed at the base; pedicels
3 P. RHOMBIFÒLIA (Graham, in edinb. new phil. journ. July, solitary, axillary, length of leaves. O. G. Native of Mexico
Oct. 1830.) leaves rhomboidal, lobately-crenate, stellately pilose and Peru in moist places. Sìda hastàta, Willd. spec.
3.
p.
763.
on the veins, shorter than the peduncles; stipulas awl-shaped, Flowers white, blue or purplish, about the size of those of Málva
ciliated, green; petals obovately-cuneated, obliquely emarginate; rotundifolia. Style 10-15-cleft.
peduncles longer than the leaves. O.H. Native of Peru near Halbert-leaved Anoda. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1799. Pl. 2 ft.
Lima Flowers large, rose-coloured, with orange-coloured an-
.
2 A. TRÍLOBA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 39. t. 10. f. 3.) leaves all cre-
thers, on long peduncles in the axils of the upper leaves. Lindl. nated, lower ones roundish-cordate, obtuse, usually 5-angled,
bot. reg. t. 1375.
upper ones roundish, halbert-shaped, 3-lobed, acuminated;
Rhomb-leaved Palavia. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. prostrate. pedicels solitary, axillary, longer than the leaves. O. G. Na-
Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating except in bota- tive of Mexico. Petals purple, somewhat emarginated. Calyx
nical gardens. The seeds require to be sown on a hot-bed early
hot-bed early very villous. Sida cristàta, Willd. spec. 3. p. 763. Flowers
in the spring, and the plants should be transplanted into the open
about the size of those of Lavatèra O‘lbia. Style 15-25-parted.
border in the month of May, where they will ripen their seeds. Three-lobed-leaved Anoda. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1720. Pl.
2 feet.
XXIV. CRISTA'RIA (from crista, a crest, because of the 3 A. DILLENIA'NA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 40. t. 11. f. 1.) lower
carpels having two crest-like wings in the centre of each) Cav. leaves halbert-shaped, 3-lobed, acuminated, crenate, upper ones
icon. 5. p. 10. D. C. prod. 1. p. 458. but not of Sonn.
ovate-lanceolate, almost entire; pedicels solitary, axillary, length
Lin. syst. Monadêlphia, Polyándria. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. of leaves, and twice as long as the petioles. O. G. Native of
Fruit orbicular, depressed, covered with a skin, consisting of Mexico.-Dill
. elth. 1. t. 2. Sìda Dilleniàna, Willd.
spec.
several 1-seeded carpels, which have 2 wings in the centre of 764. Sìda cristàta, Curt. bot. mag. t. 330. exclusive of the
each. Small plants with the habit of Sìda.
synonymes. Petals rose-coloured, emarginated at the apex,
1 C. BETONICÆFÒLIA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 248.) plant erect;
Flowers the size of those of the preceding species.
leaves somewhat cordate, deeply-crenated, hoary. 4?F. Na- Dillenius's Anoda. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1725. Pl. 2 feet.
tive of Chili. Sida Chilensis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 109. Feuill. 4 A, TRIANGULA'RIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 459.) leaves triangular,
hist. 3. p. 40. t. 27. Flowers red ? racemose.
somewhat rhomboidal, acuminated, toothed at the base, quite
Betony-leaved Cristaria. Pl. trailing.
entire at the apex; pedicels solitary, axillary, length of leaves
2 C. GLAUCOPHY’LLA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 11. t. 418.) plant pros- 5-times longer than the petioles. O. G. Native of Mexico.
trate ; leaves lobed, cut, downy, glaucous. 2? F. Native of Sìda deltoidea, Horn. hort. hafn. 36. Flowers rose-coloured,
Chili in the sea-sand near the town of Coquimbo. Sìda glau- about the size of those of the preceding, .
cophylla, Spreng. Petals flesh-coloured, with villous claws. Triangular-leaved Anoda. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft.
Glaucous-leaved Cristaria. Pl. prostrate.
5 A. INCARNATA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
and
spec. amer.
3 C. MULTI'FIDA (Cav. I. c.) plant prostrate ; leaves multifid, 5. p. 255.) branches and leaves hairy, lower leaves ovate-oblong,
smooth. 4. F. Native of Peru in sandy places. Sìda mul- cordate, halbert-shaped, serrated, upper ones narrow, trifid ;
tífida, Cav. diss. 1. p. 25. t. 4. f. 2. Sida pterosperma, Lher. pedicels solitary, axillary, somewhat longer than the leaves.
stirp. 1. p. 119. t. 57. Flowers white, axillary, solitary, turned 4. S. Native of Mexico in gardens. Flowers flesh-coloured.
towards the earth.
Carpels 12. Perhaps the same as the first.
Multifid-leaved Cristaria. Pl. prostrate.
Flesh-coloured-flowered Anoda. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824.
4 C.? coccinea (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 453.) plant beset
.
Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
with hoary tomentum and starry hairs; leaves 3-5-cleft, with
cut acute segments ; racemes terminal ; stem diffuse, prostrate.
** Carpels mutic.
Native of North America on the dry prairies and ex-- 6 A. ACERIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 459.) lower leaves cor-
tensive plains of the Missouri. Sìda coccínea, D. C. prod 1. date, angular, upper ones hastate, elongated, the rest 5-lobed,
3 R
3. p.
4. H.
VOL. I. PART. VI.

490
MALVACEÆ. XXV. ANODA. XXVI. PERIPTERA. XXVII. SIDA. .
ܪ
Stamens very
halbert-shaped ; pedicels longer than the leaves ; petals obovate, Sect. I. MALVI'NDA (a diminutive of Málva.) Medik. malv.
longer than the calyx. 0. G. Native of Mexico. Flowers p. 23. D. C. prod. 1. p. 459. Carpels 5-12, 1-seeded, but not
.
small, blue. Sìda acerifòlia, Zucc. obs. no. 80. Sida hastàta, bladdery,
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1541. Sida quinquéloba, Moc. et Sesse, fl.
* Brèvi-pedicelláte. Pedicels usually not exceeding the petioles
mex. ined.
in length. Leaves linear, lanceolate, oblong or ovate, seldom
Maple-leaved Anoda. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1809. Pl. 4 feet.
cordate at the base.
7 A. PARVIFLORA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 19. t. 431.) lower leaves
cordate, angular, upper ones halbert-shaped ; pedicels shorter 1 S. LINIFÒLIA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 14. t. 2. f. 1.) leaves linear,
than the leaves ; petals crenated, rather longer than the calyx. hairy, quite entire, much longer than the diameter of the flower;
O. G. Native of New Spain in the valley called Queretaro. racemes terminal, corymbose ; carpels 5-8, almost awnless.
Flowers pale-yellow. A. crenatiflòra, Ort. dec. p. 96. Sìda ħ.s. Native of Peru, Cayenne, and St. Domingo. Màlva hir-
crenatiflòra, Pers. ench. 2. p. 247.
sùta gramineo folio, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 704. Flowers small,
Small-flowered Anoda. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 6 feet. scarcely 4 lines in diameter, white.
Cult. These plants are not worth cultivating except in bo- Flax-leaved Sida. Fl. July. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 feet.
tanical gardens. The seeds only require to be sown on a hot-bed 2 S. STELLATA (Torrey in anal. lyc. new york, vol. 2.) plant
frame in spring, and when the plants are of sufficient size they beset with stellate pubescence ; leaves lanceolate, acute, erosely-
should be transplanted separately into other pots, and about the serrated, wrinkled ; pedicels axillary, 3-5-flowered, shorter than
end of May they should be removed into the green-house, where the petioles ; flowers capitately glomerate; carpels 12-14, with
they will ripen seed. A mixture of loam and peat will suit 2 mucrones, 1-2-seeded, with the sides reticulated at the base.
them well. The perennial species, A. incarnata, should be kept h.s. Native of North America on the Rocky Mountains.
in the stove, and may be easily increased by seeds, or cuttings. Stellate-pubescent Sida. Shrub 1 foot ?
3 S. BRACHYSTE'MON (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.
XXVI. PERI'PTERA (from mepettepa, periptera, a shuttle-
D. C. prod. 1. p. 459.) leaves linear, quite entire, hardly longer
than the diameter of the flower ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered,
cock ; resemblance in shape of flower.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 459.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx naked, 5-cleft. length of the stipulas and petioles. h.s. Native of Mexico.
Flowers white, with a red centre.
short.
Petals erect, spirally twisted into a tube, but at length becoming
Short-stamened Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
distinct. Capsule stellately many-celled. Cells 1-seeded. This
genus differs from Sida as Malvaviscus does from Hibiscus.
4 S. PROSTRA'TA ; stem prostrate, pilose; leaves lanceolate,
1 P. PUNICEA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 459.) downy; lower leaves
unequally serrated on short footstalks ; stipulas setaceous; pedi-
cordate, somewhat 5-lobed, halbert-shaped, upper ones halbert-
cels short, 1-flowered, axillary. h.S. Native of Sierra Leone
in cultivated places. Flowers yellow.
1
shaped ; peduncles solitary, axillary; petals erect, spatulate,
Prostrate Sida. Shrub prostrate.
somewhat toothed at the apex, twice the length of the calyx.
. Flowers
5 S. ANGUSTIFÒLIA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 4.) leaves linear-lanceo-
. p
ptera, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1644. Sida Malvavíscus, Moc. et Sesse, late, toothed, with a spiny tubercle under the base of the petiole ;
#1. mex. icon. ined. Sìda rùbra, Tenor. hort. nap. Aʼnoda puní- pedicels axillary, usually solitary; carpels
5, ending in 2 points.
2 .
Ñ.S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers small, yellow.
cea, Lag. nov. gen. t. 21. An elegant plant.
Crimson-flowered Periptera. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1814.
Cav. diss. 1. p. 14. t. 2. f. 2. but not of Mill. S. ulmifòlia, Retz,
obs. 3. p. 37.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
2 P. MEGAPOTAʼMICA ; smooth; leaves subcordate, acuminated,
Narrow-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1726. Shrub 3 ft.
trifid, toothed, 5-nerved; peduncles solitary, axillary, much
,
6 S. LINEA'RIS (Cav. icon. 4. p. 6. t. 312. f. 1.) leaves linear,
longer than the leaves; petals at first conniving into a tube,
serrated, with a spiny tubercle under the base of the petiole; pe-
dicels axillary, solitary ; carpels 10, mutic. Đ.S.
h.S. Native of
erect, much longer than the calyx, which is truncate at the base,
New Spain. Flowers small, yellow, hardly open.
veined, pale ; genitals exserted. h. S. Native of Brazil on
the banks of the Rio Grande. Sìda Megapotámica, Spreng. syst.
Linear-leaved Sida. Shrub 11 foot.
tent, suppl. p. 19. Flowers probably pale-red.
7 S. SPINO'SA (Lin. spec. 960.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, tooth-
Rio Grande Periptera. Shrub 2 feet.
ed, with a spiny tubercle under the base of the petiole; pedicels
Cult. These pretty little shrubs will thrive well in a mixture
axillary, solitary, shorter than the stipulas and petioles ; capsules
of loam and peat, and cuttings will root freely in sand under a
5, ending in 2 beaks. 0. S. Native of the East Indies, Egypt,
hand-glass, but as they ripen seed in abundance this will not be
Senegal, and Jamaica. Cav. diss. 1. p. 11. t. 1. f. 9. Stewartia
corchoroides, Forsk. Flowers yellow. There is a variety of
necessary
this with somewhat cordate leaves.
Spinose-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1680. Pl. 1 foot.
XXVII. SI'DA (a name given by Theophrastes to an aquatic 8 S. ACU TA (Burm. ind. 147.) leaves linear-lanceolate, tooth-
plant, which is believed to be analogous with Althæa.) Cav. ed, smooth ; pedicels axillary, solitary, length of stipulas and
diss. p. 5. D. C. prod. 1. p. 459.—Sida and Napæ'a, Lin. Lam.
.
petioles ; carpels 5, 2-beaked. h.S. Native of Coromandel,
ill. t. 578 and 579. Sìda Bastárdia and Gaya, Kunth. malv. Java, and Cochin-china. Cav. diss. 1. p. 15. t. 2. f. 3.—Pluk.
-
mant. 10. t. 334. f. 2.-Rumph. amb. 6. p. 43. t. 18. S. scoparia,
t—
p.
,
LIN. SYST. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx naked, 5-cleft, Lour. coch. 2. p. 504.
.
Flowers pale-yellow.
usually angular. Style multifid at the apex. Carpels capsular, Acute-fruited Sida. Shrub 1 to 6 feet.
5-30, in a whorl around the central axis, more or less connected 9 S. A'LBA (Lin. spec. 960. but not of Cav.) leaves oblong-
together, 1-celled, 1-seeded, mutic or awned at the apex.—A ovate, somewhat cordate, obtuse, toothed; pedicels equal in
very polymorphous genus, differing greatly from each other in length to the petioles ; carpels 5, 2-horned.O.S. Native of
5
the structure of the fruit and seeds; but notwithstanding we the East Indies.-Dill. hort, elth. 2. t. 171. f. 210. Flowers
consider it most adviseable to retain the whole under Sida, as white. Pedicels solitary.
the carpology of the greater mass of the species are not suffi- White-flowered Sida. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1732.
Pl. 1 to
ciently known.
2 feet.
-
p. 4.
1

MALVACEÆ. XXVII. SIDA.
491
10 S. STAUNTONIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 460.) leaves oblong- 4-flowered; branchlets flattened;
4-flowered ; branchlets flattened; carpels 8, 2-beaked. K.G.
"
lanceolate, toothed, smooth, pale beneath ; pedicels axillary, Native of the Canary Islands and Brazil. Cav. diss. 1.
p.
24.
solitary, length of stipulas and petioles ; carpels 7, 2-horned. t. 3. p. 11. Flowers yellow.
Flowers yellow. The leaves are chewed by the
ķis. Native of China. S. lanceolata, Willd.
S. lanceolata, Willd. spec. 3. p. 736 ? inhabitants of Brazil, and applied with success to the bites of
S. stipulàta e China, Cav. diss. 1. p. 23? Flowers yellow. wasps and bees.
Staunton's Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
Var. ß? betulina (Lag. hort. madr. 1815.) leaves broader and
11 S. STIPULA'TA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 22. t. 3. f. 10.) leaves lan- somewhat cordate at the base. h.S. Native of the Mauritius.
ceolate, toothed, acute, pilose; pedicels solitary, axillary ; sti- S. carpinifòlia, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 135.
pulas linear, fringed, longer than the petioles ; carpels 7-10, Hornbean-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1774. Shrub 2 ft.
ending in 2 beaks. h ? S. Native of the Mauritius. The 21 S. CARPINOIDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 461.) leaves ovate-
leaves are either hairy or smoothish. Flowers yellow.
oblong, somewhat doubly serrated ; pedicels axillary, 1-flower-
Stipulate-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819, Shrub 1 ed, solitary ; carpels 10-12, 2-horned on the back, and with 1
to 3 feet.
awn at the base on the inside. h.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers
12 S. MURICA'TA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 78. t. 597. f. 2.) leaves yellow. This plant is often to be found in gardens under the
lanceolate, serrated, scarcely longer than the petioles; stipulas name of S. carpinifolia.
ciliated, elongated; flowers somewhat capitate; carpels 7, muri- Horn-bean-like Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 feet.
cated, ending in 2 beaks. ħ ? S. Native of New Spain near 22 S. MUCRONULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 461.) lower leaves
Chalma. Stem villous. Flowers yellow.
ovate-oblong, upper ones oblong, somewhat double-toothed ;
Muricated-carpelled Sida. Shrub 1 foot.
pedicels axillary, very short, 1-flowered ; carpels 10-11, 2-
13 S. BERTERIA'NA (Balb. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 460.) beaked, and with 1 short awn at the base. His. Native of
leaves lanceolate, toothed, acute, rather pilose ; pedicels 1-2,
Java. Resembles S. carpinoìdes, but differing in the leaves
axillary, 1-flowered, very short ; stipulas ciliated, twice as long as being more oblong and smooth, and in the fruit being more his-
the petioles and flowers; carpels 5, almost mutic. ? s. pid, as well as smaller. Flowers yellow.
ĩ
Native of St. Domingo and Porto-Rico. Resembles S. stipulàta. Mucronulate-carpelled Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
Flowers yellow.
23 S. ORIENTA'LIS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 21. t. 12. f. 1.) leaves
Bertero's Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
ovate, acuminated, toothed above, smooth ; pedicels axillary,
14 S. GLOMERATA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 18. t. 2. f. 6.) leaves ovate- 1-flowered, rather shorter than the petioles ; carpels 9-10-
lanceolate, serrated, downy; pedicels glomerate, axillary, l- mutic. h? S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow.
flowered, very short ; carpels 5, 2-horned. ħ ? S. Calyx Oriental Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
ciliated. Resembles S. Jamaicénsis. Flowers yellow.
24 S. CAPE'NSIS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 23. t. 12. f. 3. and 2. p. 49.)
Glomerated-flowered Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
leaves ovate-lanceolate or roundish-ovate, toothed; pedicels ax-
15 S. JAMAICE'NSIS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 17. t. 2. f. 5.) leaves illary, solitary, length of petioles ; stipulas ciliated, longer than
ovate, serrated, tomentose, with blunt awned serratures; pedicels petioles ; carpels 10, mutic. h? G. Native of the Cape of
axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, short; carpels 5, 2-horned. h.s. Good Hope.- Pluk. alm. t. 240. f. 5. Flowers yellow.
Native of Jamaica in arid places, as well as in St. Domingo.
Cape Sida. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Jamaica Sida. Fl. July, Aug, Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 feet. 25 S. MICROPHY'LLA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 22. t. 12. f. 2.) leaves
16 S. BALBISIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 460.) leaves ovate-lan- elliptical, toothed; pedicels axillary, solitary, somewhat longer
ceolate, somewhat rhomboid, acuminated, entire at the base, than the petioles ; carpels 7, 2-beaked. 2. S. Native of the
serrate-toothed at the top, and are as well as the branches rough East Indies. Flowers yellow, sometimes crowded on the tops
from starry down; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, length of sti-
of the branches.
pulas; stipulas ciliated; carpels 8-10, ending in 2 beaks. n. S. Small-leaved Sida. Pl. 2 feet.
Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers yellow.
26 S. TRIDENTATA (Cav. icon. 4. t. 312.) leaves ovate, 3-
Balbis's Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
toothed at the apex, tomentose beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1-
,
17 S. BRACHYPEʼTALA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 460.) leaves ovate- flowered, solitary, equal in length with the petioles and stipulas ;
lanceolate, acuminated, unequally serrated, somewhat pubescent stem filiform, very short. h. S. Native of St. Domingo.
from pressed down; stipulas and calyxes ciliated; pedicels soli- Flowers yellow, small.
tary, 1-flowered, length of stipulas; corolla shorter than the Three-toothed-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub
calyx; carpels 8-10, 2-beaked. h.s. Native of Martinico and 1 foot.
St. Domingo. Flowers yellow. Differing from S. frutéscens in 27 S. ERO'SA (Link, enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 203.) leaves
the pedicels being jointed at the base, not at the apex.
.
rhomboid, tapering to the base, toothed in front, clothed with
Short-petalled Sida. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
starry tomentum beneath; pedicels shorter than the petioles ;
18 S. REPA'NDA (Roth. nov. spec. p. 328.) leaves ovate, acu-
carpels 2-beaked. 2. S. Native of Brazil. S. emarginata,
minated, doubly serrated, covered with small starry hairs above; Retz. Flowers yellow.
pedicels solitary, shorter than the linear-lanceolate, ciliated sti- Bitten-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1824. Pl. 2 feet.
pulas ; petals obliquely-repand ; carpels 2-beaked. h.S. Na- 28 S. VIA'RUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 182.) suffruticose,
tive of? Flowers sulphur-coloured. Resembles S. carpinifolia. trailing, prostrate ; branches clothed with the permanent sti-
Repand-petalled Sida. Shrub 1 foot.
pulas ; leaves small, oblong-linear, obtuse at both ends, serrated
19 S. BRACTEOLA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 460.) leaves ovate- at the apex, somewhat farinaceously-tomentose beneath ; pedun-
lanceolate, acuminated, toothed, smooth; branches round, hairy; cles equal in length to the petioles"; flowers glomerate ; carpels
stipulas of two forms, one awl-shaped, the other linear ; racemes 5, smooth, bifid, attenuated. hi S. Native of Brazil in the
very short, 1-3-flowered, bracteolate; carpels 7-8, 2-beaked. province of Minas Geraes by road-sides. Flowers pale-yellow.
h. S. Native of South America on the road from Chili to Way-side Sida. Fl. Jan. Mar. Pl. prostrate.
Brazil. Flowers small, yellow.
29 S. CILIA'ris (Lin. spec. 961.) leaves elliptical, somewhat
Bracteolate-flowered Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
ovate, retuse, toothed at the apex; pedicels axillary, solitary,
20 S. CARPINIFO'LIA (Lin. fil. suppl. 307.) leaves ovate-ob- very short; stipulas ciliated, rather longer than the flower;
long, doubly-serrated ; peduncles axillary. very short, usually carpels 7, muricated, ending in two short beaks. 7.S. Na-
3
3 R 2

492
MALVACEÆ, XXVII. SIDA.
tive of Jamaica, St. Domingo, and St. Thomas.
and St. Thomas. Cav. diss. 1. 39 S. COMPRE'SSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 462.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
p. 21. t. 3. f. 9. & 5. t. 127. f. 2.-Sloan. hist. t. 137. f. 2. late, acuminated, toothed, hoary beneath; branchlets com-
Flowers small, reddish.
pressed, beset with starry down; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered,
Ciliary-stipuled Sida. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1759. Pl. ft. thrice the length of the petioles, carpels 5, pubescent, rather
30 S. PUSILLA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 6. t. 1. f. 4 and 5. t. 127. mucronate. O? G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers yellow.
f. 1.) leaves roundish-elliptical, toothed, smooth ; pedicels axil- Compressed-branched Sida. Fl. July, Sept. Pl. 1 foot.
lary, 1-flowered, rather longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, 40 S. BICOLOR (Cav. icon. 4. t. 311.) leaves lanceolate, very
mutic; stem prostrate. N.S. Native of the Island of Mahe. much pointed, serrated; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, much
Flowers yellow. Pedicels solitary.
longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, mutic. n. S. Native of
Small Sida. Pl. prostrate.
New Spain. Stem greenish-violet with
reenish-violet with spreading branches.
31 S. URTICÆFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 189.) stems suffru-
p
Petals yellowish, red on the outside, obliquely truncated at the
ticose, ascending, hairy ; leaves cordate at the base, deeply apex. S. oblíqua, Moc. et Sesse, fil. mex. icon. ined, differs
toothed, lower ones roundish, very blunt, pubescent on both in the leaves being less acuminated. Pedicels solitary.
surfaces, upper ones oblong, obtuse, tomentose; pedicels nu- Two-coloured-petalled Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
merous, axillary, 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 41 S. ASCE'NDENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 182.) suffruticose,
4-5, mutic. ñ. s. Native of Brazil in the province of the ascending ; leaves serrated, but entire at the apex, pubescent on
Missions. Petals rose-coloured.
both surfaces, ciliated ; peduncles axillary, hardly articulated,
Nettle-leaved Sida. Fl. Jan. Shrub 1 foot.
much longer than the petioles ; calyx 5-plicate, ciliated ; carpels
32 S. ALNIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 961.) lower leaves roundish- 9, mutic, smooth. h. S. Native of Brazil in the southern
ovate, cordate; upper ones oblong, toothed, cuneated, and quite part of the province of St. Paul. Flowers white, at length
entire at the base ; pedicels many, axillary, shorter than the flesh-coloured.
petioles ; carpels 5-7, 2-beaked. O.S. Native of the East Ascending-stemmed Sida. Fl. Jan. Pl. I foot.
Indies. Cav. diss. 1. p. 12. t. 1. f. 13.—Dill. hort. elth. t. 172. 42 S. RIBIFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 183. t. 34.) stem suf-
f. 211. Flowers pale copper-coloured.
fruticose, ascending, flexuous; leaves ovate-oblong, serrated,
Alder-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1732. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. green above but canescent beneath; peduncles axillary, hardly
33 S. INTERME'Dia (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 188. t. 34. f. 1.)
.
articulated, solitary, 1-flowered, much longer than the petioles ;
stem suffruticose, short, almost simple ; leaves roundish-ovate, calyx pentagonal, tomentose; carpels 10, wrinkled, 2-beaked.
cordate at the base, deeply toothed, pubescent above, but tomen- ħ. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes.
tosely pubescent and hoary beneath ; pedicels usually numerous, Flowers pale-yellow.
somewhat shorter than the petioles ; divisions of the calyx very Gooseberry-leaved Sida. Shrub 1 foot.
narrow, acuminated, awl-shaped at the apex; ovary of 5 carpels. 43 S. CANARIE'NSIS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 755.) leaves lanceolate,
h.S. Native of Brazil on the banks of the river Uruguay, toothed, smooth ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, length of leaves ;
Flowers white or flesh-coloured.
carpels 7-10, 2-beaked. h. G. Native of the Canary Islands,
Intermediate Sida. Shrub very short.
S. álba, Cav. diss. 1. p. 22. t. 3. f. 8. but not of Linnæus.
34 S. PARVIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 461.) leaves ovate, Leaves whitish beneath. Flowers yellow. This is perhaps the
toothed, hoary beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, much same as S. rhombifolia. Pedicels solitary.
longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, rough, mutic. 4. S. Na- Canary Island Sida. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1820. Sh. 3 feet.
tive of the Island of Bourbon. Flowers small, yellow.
44 S. RHOMBIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 961.) leaves oblong-lanceolate,
Small-leaved Sida. Pl. 1 foot.
toothed, cuneated at the base, whitish beneath ; pedicels axil-
35 S. HERMANNIOIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. lary, 1-flowered, length of the leaves; carpels 8-10, 2-beaked.
,
p. 258.) leaves elliptical, rounded at both ends, serrate-crenate, h.G. Native of Carolina and South America, and probably of
clothed with pressed hairs above, hoary from tomentum beneath, the East Indies. Flowers small, yellow. Cav. diss. 1. p. 23.
on short petioles ; pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, shorter t. 3. f. 12.-Dill. elth. t. 172. f. 212. Pedicels solitary.
than petioles ; carpels 5, 2-beaked. h.s. Native of South Var. B, canescens (Cav. diss. 1. p. 23. t. 8. f. 3.) leaves more
America between Honda and the river Guali in dry places. villous beneath ; pedicels longer than the leaves. h.s. Na-
Shrub trailing, with hairy branches. Flowers about the size of tive of Senegal.
those of Gerànium mólle. Resembles S. rotundifolia.
Rhomb-leaved Sida. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1732. Sh. 1 to 3. ft.
Hermannia-like Sida. Shrub trailing.
45 S. SERRA'TA (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 111.)
36 S. OVA'TA ; erect, branched ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, leaves linear, involute, serrated, covered with stellate pubescence
acute, serrated, on short petioles; pedicels terminal and axil- beneath ; peduncles filiform, straight, longer than the petiole;
lary, short, solitary, 1-flowered. ñ.s. Native of Guinea. carpels 2-pointed. h.s. Native on the banks of the Orinoco.
Ovate-leaved Sida. Shrub 1 foot.
Serrated-leaved Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
37 S. CRENA'TA; erect, branched ; leaves oblong, ovate, 46 S. POTENTILLOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 178.) shrubby,
smooth, crenated, acuminate, entire at the base; pedicels ter- branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, serrated, green above, ca-
'minal ; solitary, 1-flowered. h.s. Native of Guinea. nescent beneath ; peduncles axillary, twin, or solitary, crowded
Crenate-leaved Sida. Shrub 1 foot.
on the tops of the branches, shorter than the leaves; calyx 10-
Oblongifolie. Pedicels elongated, distinctly jointed.
ribbed; carpels 8-10, 2-awned. h. S. Native of Brazil in
Leaves linear, lanceolate, oblong or ovate, seldom cordate at
woods near St. Nicholas in the province of the Missions.
Potentilla-like Sida. Shrub 1 foot.
the base.
47 S. ANGUSTISSIMA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 179.) stem suffru-
38 S. FRUTE'SCENS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 12. t. 10. f. 1.) leaves ticose, branched ; leaves linear, very narrow, obtuse, remotely
ovate-oblong, somewhat cordate, serrated, whitish beneath ; and dentately serrated at the base ; peduncles axillary, solitary,
pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, twice as long as petioles, jointed 1-flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 7-9, wrinkled, pu-
under the apex. his. Native of the Mauritius.
h.S.
. Flowers berulous and 2-awned at the apex. h. s. Native of Brazil
h.s.
yellow. Perhaps this plant is only a variety of S. spinosa. in the western part of the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers
Shrubby Sida. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1810.
Clt. 1810. Shrub 4 feet. yellow,
*
.

MALVACEÆ. XXVII. Sida.
493
.
Very narrow-leaved Sida. Fl. Sept. Oct. Shrub 2 feet. Membrane-calyxed Sida. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 ft.
48 S. LINEARIFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 180.) leaves on 58 S. MÌCANS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 19. t. 3. f. 1.) leaves ovate,
short petioles, linear, remotely toothed at the apex, rather cor- obtuse, somewhat cordate, serrated, clothed with soft glittering
date at the base, pilose above but tomentosely pubescent beneath, tomentum ; pedicels axillary, solitary, much longer than the
hoary ; stipulas longer than the petioles ; peduncles axillary, petioles ; carpels 9-10, each with 2 short horns. 4. S. Native
solitary, 1-flowered; carpels smooth, mutic. n. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow. Scarcely differing from
of Brazil in the western part of the province of Minas Geraes. $. althæifolia of Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
262.
Flowers yellow
Glittering-leaved Sida, Fl. Ju. Aug. Cīt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft.
Linear-leaved Sida. Shrub 1 foot.
59 S. MACULATA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 20. t. 3. f. 7.) leaves ovate,
49 S. HONDE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen, amer. 5. p. obtuse, toothed ; branchlets, calyxes, and stipulas tomentose;
260.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, somewhat rhomboid, acute, cor- pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, twice as long as the petioles, some-
date, serrated, hoary from tomentum beneath; pedicels axillary, what racemose at the apex of the branches ; carpels 9-10, 2-
1-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; carpels 8, roughish, biden- horned. h.S. Native of St. Domingo. Petals yellow, with
tate. h.s. Native of New Granada near Honda, Flowers a red spot at the base of each. S. suberosa, Lher. stirp. p. 113.
yellow. Resembles S. rhombifòlia. Pedicels solitary.
t. 54. Pedicels solitary,
Honda Sida. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Spotted-petalled Sida. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1į ft.
-.
50 S. RHOMBOÌDEA (Roxb. ex journ. bot. 1814. vol. 4. p. 207.) 60 S. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 462.) leaves ovate,
leaves lanceolate, toothed, hoary beneath ; pedicels axillary, acuminated, toothed; branches, stipulas, and calyxes tomentose ;
1-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; carpels 8-10, almost awn- axillary branchlets floriferous ; pedicels 1-flowered, twice as
less. H.S. Native of Timor and Bengal. Flowers yellow. long as the petioles. ħ.S. Native of St. Domingo. S. macu-
Rhomboid-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub làta, Bertero, ined. Petals yellow, with a red spot at the base
1 to 2 feet.
of each. Perhaps the same as the last.
51 S. AURANTIACA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 185.) suffruti- Acuminated-leaved Sida. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Shrub
cose, erect, branched ; leaves small, ovate-linear, or linear, 2 feet.
bluntish, rather cordate at the base, toothed, pubescent on both 61 S. ? HASTA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 190. t. 34. f. 2.)
surfaces; peduncles axillary, solitary, longer than the petioles ; stem hairy, short; leaves roundish, very obtuse, hardly cordate
carpels 5, gibbous, mutic, pubescent at the apex. n. S. Na- at the base, crenate, upper ones ovate, or ovate-oblong ; pedun-
tive of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Corolla orange. cles axillary, solitary, a little longer than the petioles ; segments
Stigmas purple.
of the calyx hastately-ovate ; ovary 11-12-lobed. h. S.
Orange-flowered Sida. Shrub 12 foot.
Native of Brazil in the province of Cisplatine by road-sides.
52 S. RETU'SA (Lin. spec. 961.) leaves obovate or wedge- Hastate-sepalled Sida. Fl. Dec. Pī. foot.
shaped, toothed and retuse at the apex, somewhat tomentose
below; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, or crowded at the tops of the
Cordifolia Pedicels elongated. Leaves toothed, not
branches ; carpels 7-8, beaked. H.S. Native of the East Indies lobed, cordate at the base.
and the Mauritius. Cav. diss. 1. p. 18. t. 3. f. 4. and 5. t. 131.
f.2. Flowers yellow. Pedicels either shorter or longer than 62 S. PILÒSA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 9. t. 8.) leaves small, ovate-
the leaves.-Rumph. amb. 6. p. 44. t. 19. Pedicels solitary. cordate, obtuse, toothed ; pedicels pilose, solitary, 1-flowered
Retuse-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 2 ft. longer than the petioles; carpels 5, 2-beaked. O.S. Native
53 S. Phill’PPICA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 462.) leaves obovate, of the Caribbee islands. The whole plant is hairy. Flowers
toothed at the apex, blunt, cuneated at the base, entire, smoothish; small, yellow.
pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, rather shorter than the leaves ; Var. B, glābra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 463.) plant smooth. Native
carpels 8-10, almost mutic. K.S.
ħ.S. Native of the Philippine of Porto-Rico.
islands. Flowers yellow. Pedicels solitary.
Pilose Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1793. Pl. 2 feet.
Philippine Sida. Fl. Jul. Aug. Shrub 2 feet.
63 S. BETONICÆFÒLIA (Balb. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 469.)
54 S. RECISA (Link, enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 203.) leaves plant very hispid ; leaves ovate, cordate, acutish, crenated;
somewhat rhomboid, retuse, crenate in front, clothed with starry pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, lower ones longer than the petiole,
tomentum beneath as well as branches ; pedicels longer than upper ones shorter ; carpels 5. netted with nerves, pubescent,
the petioles but almost thrice as short as the leaves; carpels 2-beaked. h.S. Native of St. Martha. S. hispida, Bertero
4. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow.
but not of Pursh. Flowers white.
Pared-leaved Sida. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot. Betony-leaved Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
55 S. ABSCI’ssa (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 117.) 64 S. MULTICAU'LIS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 10. t. 1. f. 6.) stems
leaves linear-oblong, tapering to the base, truncate at the
top, many from the root; leaves roundish, cordate, acute, toothed;
covered with hoary stellate down; peduncles capillary, equal in pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, twice as long as the petioles; car-
length to the leaves ; carpels mutic. O.S. Native of South pels 5, mutic. O. S. Native of Malabar. Plant hispid from
America. Flowers yellow. Pedicels solitary.
long hairs. Stems slender, tomentose. Flowers yellow.
Cut-leaved Sida. Pl. 1 foot.
Many-stemmed Sida. Pl. 2 feet.
56 S. HERMANNIÆFÒLIA (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p.
65 S. RADĪCANS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 8.) leaves roundish, cordate,
117.) shrubby; leaves oblong, acute, serrulated, tomentose ; acute, ciliately-toothed; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, longer
peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the leaves.
h.s. Native than the petioles ; carpels 5, awnless. 2. S. Native of the
of Mexico. Pedicels solitary. Flowers yellow?
East Indies.—Rheed. mal. 10. p. 137. t. 69. Stems rooting,
Hermannia-leaved Sida. Shrub iz foot.
1į
white from hairs. Flowers transparent with white veins.
57 S. CALYXHYME'NIA (Gay, ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 462.) Rooting Sida. Pl. creeping.
leaves lanceolate, obtuse, toothed, hoary on both surfaces; pe- 66 S. HEDERÆFÒLIA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 8. t. 9. f. 3.) leaves
dicels axillary, 1-flowered, hardly double the length of the roundish, cordate, obtuse, repand; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered,
petioles ; calyx tomentose. h.G. Native of New Holland. longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, 2-awned ; stem creeping,
Perhaps this species will form a distinct genus. Flowers yellow? rooting. 2. S. Native of St. Domingo.—Plum. ed Burm. 1.
)
mutic.
.
-

494
.
MALVACEÆ. . XXVII. SIDA.
p. 7. t. 1. f. 2. Plant with the habit of Glechòma not Hédera. pels 5, mutic, smooth. h. S. Native of Brazil near Villa
Flowers yellow.
Rica. Flowers yellow, with a purple spot at the base of each
Ivy-leaved Sida. Pl. creeping.
petal.
67 S. JUSSIÆA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 463.) leaves roundish,
(
Subcuneated-leaved Sida. Fl. Jan. Pl. 1 foot.
2 4
cordate, toothed, hispid on both surfaces; pedicels solitary, 1- 75 S. RUPE'scens (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 185.) suffruticose,
RUFE'SCENS
flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, awnless ; stem branched, very hairy; leaves cordate-lanceolate, serrated, very
filiform, prostrate. O? S. Native of Peru. S. rèpens, var. hairy; flowers crowded together as if they were capitate; calyx
Cav. diss. 1. p. 7. t. 1. f. 2. Flowers yellow, with the claws 10-ribbed, hairy; carpels 5, smooth. h.s. Native of Brazil
lined with red.
in the province of Minas Geraes near Formigas. Flowers
Jussieu's Sida. Pl. prostrate.
orange-yellow.
68 S. ALPE'STRIS (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 186.) leaves ovate, Rufescent Sida. Shrub 11 foot.
somewhat cordate at the base, dentately-serrate, pubescent above, 76 S. FLAVE'scENs (Willd. spec. 3. p. 755.) leaves ovate,
but subtomentose beneath ; pedicels capillary, much longer than cor date, obtuse, unequally toothed, tomentose ; pedicels in pairs;
the petioles, racemose or panicled ; carpels 5, 2-beaked. ħ.S. 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 5, awnless. ħ.S.
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes on mountains. Native of Monte Video on rocks. S. flavescens, Cav. diss. 1.
Flowers violet-purple. Like S. paniculata and S. racemosa. p. 14. t. 13. f. 2. S. prostrata, Cav. diss. 1. t. 13. f. 3. Flowers
Alp Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
reddish.
69 S. MARTIA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 187.) suffruticose, Yellowish-leaved Sida. Pl. prostrate.
clammy, branched ; leaves oblong, cordate, acutish, toothed. 77 S. CALYCINA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 9. t. 8, f. 2.) leaves roundish,
pubescent on both surfaces; peduncles axillary, solitary, re- cordate, acuminated, repandly toothed ; pedicels solitary, 1-
flexed, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, mutic, wrinkled, flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, awnless, pear-
obtuse at the apex. h.s. . Native of Brazil in the province shaped. ħ. S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Calyx
of Minas Geraes. Flowers rose-coloured.
large, 5-parted. Flowers large, yellow, spreading.
Var. 6, viscosíssima (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem much longer, pro- Large-calyxed Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
cumbent, much more branched and very clammy, and the leaves 78 S. HERBA'CEA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 19. t. 13. f. 1.) leaves
much larger. Native of Brazil on mountains near Villa Rica. oblong, cordate at the base, acute, toothed, hairy ; pedicels 1-
Martius's Sida. Shrub erect and procumbent.
flowered, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 9-10, 2-awned.
70 S. DOMBEYA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 463.) leaves ovate, cor- O.S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow.
date, toothed, hairy on both surfaces; pedicel solitary, 1-flow- Herbaceous Sida. Pl. 1 foot.
ered, longer than petioles ; carpels 5, 2-beaked; stem filiform,
,
79 S. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 20. t. 3. f. 6. and 6. t.
prostrate. O ? S. Native of Peru about Lima. Flowers 194. f. 2.) plant hairy ; leaves roundish-ovate, cordate, toothed,
yellow or reddish.
tomentose; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, much longer than the
Dombey's Sida. Pl.
Pl. prostrate.
petioles ; carpels 9-10, each ending in 2 long awns.
71 S. HUMILIS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 744.) leaves roundish, Native of the Island of Bourbon. Awns pilose, with the hairs
cordate, serrated, pilose above; pedicels usually solitary, longer protruding in bundles. Flowers yellow.
than the petioles; carpels 5. O.S. Native of the East Indies, Round-leaved Sida. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1819.
Clt. 1819. Shrub
S. unilocularis, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 127. t. 53. S. pilòsa, Retz.
1} foot.
but not of Cav. Flowers small, yellow.
80 S. BONARIE'NSIS (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 120.)
Var. a; carpels awnless. S. humilis, Cav. diss. 5. t. 134. shrubby; leaves cordate, oblong, coarsely crenated, covered
with stellate pubescence above, but tomentose beneath; pedun-
Var. B; carpels rather mucronate. S. morifolia, Cav. diss. cles elongated, 1-flowered ; carpels very villous, mutic.
1. p. 9. t. 1. f. 1.
Native of Buenos Ayres. Perhaps a species of Abutilon.
.
Var. Y ; carpels 2-awned. S. veronicæfòlia, Lam. dict. no. Buenos Ayrean Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
11. Cav. diss. 1. p.7. t. 1. f. 3. and 5. t. 127. f.3. Flowers 81 S. MA CRODON (D. C. prod. 1. p. 464.) plant hairy ; leaves
;
whitish. Perhaps this is a distinct species.
roundish, cordate, coarsely crenated; pedicels solitary or twin,
Humble Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl. 1 to 2 feet. 1-flowered, 4-times longer than the petioles ; carpels 10, awn-
72 S. SUPI'NA (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 109. t. 52.) leaves roundish, less. H.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers white, flesh-coloured,
cordate, bluntish, crenated, soft, velvety ; pedicels solitary, l- rose-coloured, or scarlet.
flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, each ending in Long-toothed-leaved Sida. Fl. Nov. Mar. Pl. prostrate.
two short horns; stem procumbent. 4. S. Native of His- 82 S. CORDIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 961.) leaves ovate, cordate,
paniola in dry fields. S. ovata, Cav. diss. 6. t. 196. f. 2. S.
,
toothed, rather angular, bluntish, villous ; pedicels solitary, 1-
procumbens, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1211. Flower pale-
Flower pale- flowered, a little shorter than the petioles ; carpels 9-10, 2-
yellow, fugacious.
beaked. O.S. Native of the East Indies and Africa. Cav.
Supine Sida. Fl. July. Aug. Clt. 1821. Pl. trailing. diss. 1. p. 19. t. 3. f. 2.- Dill. elth. t. 171. f. 209. Flowers
73 S. DIFFU'SA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 257.) sulphur-coloured.
leaves somewhat elliptic, rounded at the apex, cordate, crenate- Heart-leaved Sida. Fl. Ju. Sep. Clt. 1732. Pl. 1 foot.
serrated, hairy, but hoary beneath, on long stalks ; pedicels so- 83 S. BIVA’lvis (Cav. diss. 1. p. 13. t. 11. f. 2.) leaves ovate,
.
litary, axillary, almost equal in length with the leaves; carpels cordate, acuminated, crenated, tomentose; pedicels solitary,
5, awnless. h.S. Native of Mexico near Zelaya. Stem 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles; calyxes awnedly acumi-
procumbent, branched, filiform, covered with soft hairs. Leaves nated ; carpels 5, bidentate at the apex, cohering; 2-valved.
4 lines long. Flowers small, violet.
ħ? S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers yellow.
Diffuse-branched Sida. Pl. trailing.
Two-valved-capsuled Sida. Shrub 3 feet.
74 S. SUBCUNEA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 184.) stem nearly
.
84 S. ELONGA TA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 652.)
simple ; leaves somewhat cuneately-oblong, hardly cordate at leaves heart-shaped, grossly toothed, smooth on both surfaces;
the base, entire at the base, obtuse and serrated at the apex, stipulas and petioles setaceously-pilose; racemes axillary, soli-
silky-villous on both surfaces; flowers glomerate, axillary; car- tary, elongated, few-flowered, leafy; calyx campanulate, cili-
h.s.
f. 2.
h. S.

MALVACEÆ. XXVII. 495
.
SIDA.
.
.
-
ated ; carpels 5, awnless. n. S. Native of Java. Flowers Viscid Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
yellow.
95 S. GLUTINÒSA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 16. t. 2. f. 8.) stem clammy,
Elongated-racemed Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
tomentose ; leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, toothed, to-
85 S. HOLOSERICEA (Willd. herb. ex Spreng.) leaves cordate, mentose beneath ; pedicels twin or tern, usually 2-flowered,
ovate-elliptical, bluntish, serrate-crenated, clothed with close- longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, each ending in 2 long awns.
pressed hairs above, beneath as well as the branches with soft h. S. Native of the Mauritius. S. racemosa, Burm. Flowers
villous tomentum ; carpels 10-11, 2-beaked. h.S. Native on
3
yellow?
the banks of the Orinoco near Angustura. S. pellìta, H. B. et Clammy Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 263. Flowers yellow, conglomerate. 96 S. PORTORICE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 114.) herbaceous ;
Whole-silky Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
leaves cordate, oblong, smooth above, but hoary and villous
86 S. MULTIFLORA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 18. t. 3. f. 3.) leaves beneath, as well as the branches; peduncles short, many-flowered,
7
ovate-cordate, bluntish, toothed, tomentose; pedicels solitary, upper ones crowded ;
upper ones crowded ; carpels 2-beaked.
carpels 2-beaked. O. S. Native of
1-flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 9, each ending in Porto-Rico. Flowers probably yellow.
two long beaks. h.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. Porto-Rico Sida. Pl. 1 foot.
Many-flowered Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 2 ft. 97 S. INTERRU'PTA (Balb. in litt.) leaves heart-shaped, acu-
87 S. SESSILIFLÓRA (Hook. bot. mag. 2857.) plant very soft, minated, toothed, adult ones smooth, younger ones and calyxes
pubescent ; leaves cordate, acute, serrated ; flowers somewhat hoary-velvety; stipulas setaceous, deciduous ; flowers disposed
glomerate, sessile, axillary and terminal ; carpels 10, pubescent, in bundles, in a terminal interrupted spike, which is leafless at
awnless; corolla hardly twice the length of the calyx. . s.
h.s.
the top; carpels 8-10, 1-beaked. h. S. Native of the Island
Native of South America about Mendoza. Flowers small, of St. Martha. Fiower yellow.
yellow.
Interrupted-spiked Sida. Shrub 1, foot.
Sessile-flowered Sida. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1827. Sh. 3 ft. 98 S. ALTHÆIFÒLIA (Swartz, prod. 101. fl. 2. p. 1207.) leaves
88 S. EMARGINA'TA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 757.) leaves ovate- cordate, somewhat angular, obtuse. serrate-crenate, tomentose ;
lanceolate, cordate, toothed, truncate and retuse at the apex;
;
pedicels 3-4, 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 10-
pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, one-half shorter than the petioles ; 12, each ending in 2 short beaks. h. S. Native of the south
carpels 5, 2-beaked. n. S. Native of Hispaniola. S. trun- of Jamaica, New Granada and Brazil. Lher. stirp. 1. p.
càta, Lher. stirp. 1. t. 51. but not of Cav. Flowers yellow. 112.-Sloan. hist. 1. t. 136. f. 2. Flowers orange-yellow,
Emarginate-leaved Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
rather large.
89 S. ARGU'TA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1205.) leaves cordate,
p
Var. B, aristòsa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 465.) awns longer than
serrated, tapering to the apex, hairy on the petioles, margins the carpels, scabrous from retrograde hairs. n. S. Native of
and nerves beneath, the rest smooth; pedicels solitary, 1- French Guiana. There is a plant from Guadaloupe intermediate
flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, 2-awned. ñ.s. between the species and variety.
Native of Jamaica and Guadaloupe, in hedges. S. glabra, Mill. Hollyhock-leaved Sida. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 ft.
dict. no. 14. Flowers small, of a whitish-yellow colour.
99 S. U'RENS (Lin. spec. 963.) leaves ovate, cordate, acumi-
Slender-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. Sh. 3 feet. nated, toothed ; peduncles axillary and terminal, 3-4-flowered,
90 S. ULMIFÒLIA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 15. t. 2. f. 4. but not of very short; carpels 5, awned; stem and petioles hispid. n. S.
Retz.) leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, crenate, pubescent; Native of Jamaica, and Guadaloupe, in arid bushy places. Cav.
pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, almost equal in length with the diss. 1. p. 15. t. 2. f. 7. There is a plant cited from Senegal,
petioles ; carpels 5, each ending in two long beaks. h. S. which is probably different. Flowers yellow ?
ÎNative of St. Domingo. Flowers yellow.
Beaks of capsule
Stinging Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1781. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
scabrous from retrograde hairs.
100 S. LEIOPHY’LLA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 121.) shrubby ; leaves
Elm-leaved Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
cordate, ovate, acute, crenulated, smooth on both surfaces; pe-
91 S. FASCICULA'TA (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 113.) duncles sub-corymbose, short, axillary and terminal ; carpels
branches beset with glandular hairs; leaves cordate, oblong, mutic, rather hispid, hoary. . S. Native of Hispaniola.
acuminated, toothed, rather pilose ; peduncles 1-flowered, Perhaps a species of Abutilon.
longer than the petioles; petals longer than the calyx. h? S.
Smooth-leaved Sida. Shrub.
Native of Cumana. Flowers yellow.
101 S. VERTICILLA'TA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 13. t. 1. f. 12.) leaves
Fascicled Sida. Shrub 2 feet?
ovate, cordate, acuminated, toothed, and are as well as branches
92 S. BORBO'NICA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 9. t. 10. f. 2.) leaves rather pilose; flowers axillary, many, almost sessile, and as if
roundish, cordate, acute, toothed ; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, they were in whorls ; carpels 5, almost awnless. O? S. Na-
a little longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, each ending in 2 tive of Brazil at Rio Janeiro. Flowers yellow.
long awns. h. S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. Stems Whorled-flowered Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 ft.
hairy. Flowers yellow.
102 S. PYRAMIDA'TA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 11. t. 1. f. 10. and 6.
Bourbon Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
t. 194. f. 1.) leaves large, roundish, cordate, acuminated, serrate,
93 S. FRA GRANS (Lher. stirp. 2. p. 111. t. 53.) leaves round- smooth ; peduncles many-flowered, forming a panicle; carpels
ish-cordate, acuminated, crenate, clammy, hairy; pedicels soli- 5, velvety, each ending in 2 short points. n.s. Native of
tary, 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 5, somewhat St. Domingo and Porto-Rico in bushy places by the sea-side.
awned. h.S. Native of Hispaniola. Flowers yellow.
Flowers small, yellow.
Fragrant Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
Pyramidal-flowered Sida. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1830. Sh. 2 ft.
94 S. VISCIDULA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 103 S. MICRA'NTHA (Cambess. pl. us. bras. no. 49. St. Hil. fi.
651.) leaves roundish-cordate, acuminated, mucronately-crenate, bras. 1. p. 190.) upper leaves subcordate, acute, unequally
clothed with stellate down beneath ; petioles and stems clammy, toothed, tomentose on both surfaces ; flowers small, disposed in
pubescent; pedicels usually solitary, 1-flowered, shorter than compound glomerate racemes; carpels 5, 2-beaked, pubescent
the petioles, crowded at the tops of the branches ; petals obcor-
;
on the back. n. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas
date; carpels 5, beaked. h.s. Native of Java. Flowers Geraes. The shoots of this plant being very pliable are
yellow.
used by the inhabitants of Brazil for rocket-sticks. Flowers red?
h

496
MALVACEÆ. XXVII. SIDA.
Small-flowered Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
awned. n. S. Native of South America on the banks of the
104 S. DUMÒSA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1209.) leaves cor- Orinoco near Angustura. Flowers yellow.
date, ovate, acuminated, serrated, smooth; peduncles many-
Pungent Sida.
Shrub 10 feet.
flowered, forming a panicle ; carpels 5-6, roundish, roughish - 114 S. DIVERSIFÒLIA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 116.) herbaceous,
from very minute, stellate tomentum. h.s. Native of Jamaica villous; lower leaves somewhat angularly toothed, upper ones
and St. Domingo, in bushy places. Flowers pale yellow. sinuately 3-lobed, uppermost ones lanceolate; peduncles solitary,
Bushy Sida. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 feet. 1-flowered; capsule awned, exceeding the acuminated calyx.
105 S. FLORIBU'NDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. O.S. Native of the East Indies. S. heterophylla, Klein.
258.) leaves cordate, ovate-oblong, acuminated, serrate, villous, Diverse-leaved Sida. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
brownish beneath; racemes axillary; carpels 5, awnless. h.S. 115 S. HETEROPHY'LLA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 12. t. 421.) radical
Native of New Granada in arid places. Shrub very branchy; leaves ovate, scolloped, cauline ones 3-parted, with deeply jagged,
branches clothed with rusty tomentum. Pedicels capillary. toothed lobes, middle lobe long : pedicels solitary, 1-flowered,
Flower small, violet-coloured.
longer than the leaves. O.Š. Native on the mountains of
Bundle-flowered Sida. Fl. July, Sept. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. Chili
. Flowers pale-blue when dry; style violet. Fruit un-
106 S. ATROSANGUI'NEA (Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 136.) shrubby; known. Perhaps a species of Cristària.
branches pilose with simple hairs; leaves cordate, ovate, acu-
Variable-leaved Sida. Pl. 1 foot.
minated, serrated, rather villous ; peduncles sub-corymbose, few 116 S. ? CRISPIFLO'RA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 11. t. 419.) leaves cor-
flowered; petals reflexed; calyx nerveless ; carpels 5, 2-beaked. date, lobed, tomentose beneath, with stellate dots above, curled
h.s. Native of South America. S. capillàris. Cav. diss. 1. p. on the margins; pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles ;
16. et 10. t. 12. Corolla small, dark-purple.
calyxes sinuately waved, and lobed ; carpels 7, mutic. O. S.
Dark-bloody-flowered Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1795. Shrub Native of South America at Port Desederado. Perhaps a species
4 feet.
of Cristària. Corolla blue, when dry reddish.
107 S. PANICULA'TA (Lin. spec. 962.) stem beset with forked Curled-flowered Sida. Pl. į foot.
hairs; leaves ovate-cordate, toothed, acuminated, puberulous 117 S. TRILOBA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 11. t. 1. f. 11 and 5. t. 131.
from starry tomentum beneath ; peduncles loosely panicled; f. 1.) leaves cordate, crenate, 3-lobed, with the intermediate lobe
;
capillary long ; calyxes nerveless ; carpels 5, each ending in two longest, acute; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the
short beaks. T. S. Native of Jamaica, Peru, and Brazil, on leaves ; carpels 7, awnless. h. G. Native of the Cape of
calcareous rocks. S. paniculata, Cav. diss. 1. p. 16. Flowers Good Hope. Jacq. schoenbr. 2. t. 142. Lower leaves undivided.
dark-purple, but yellow according to Cav.
Flowers at first white, then yellowish.
Panicled-flowered Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1795. Pl. 2 ft. Three-lobed-leaved Sida. F1, July, Sep. Clt. 1794. Shrub 3 ft.
108 S. velutina (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 115.)
118 S. CENTRO'TA (Spreng. syst. app. p. 259.) stem procum-
shrubby, pilose ; leaves subcordate. ovate, obtuse, crenate, to- bent, branched, hispid, lower leaves 5-lobed, upper ones has-
mentose on both surfaces ; peduncles sub-racemose, and are as tately trifid, glabrous; segments acute, quite entire; peduncles
well as the calyxes very villous ; carpels 2-awned. h. S. 1-flowered, longer than the leaves ; carpels 2-awned, setosely-
Native of the East Indies. Perhaps a species of Abùtilon. prickly. h.s. Native of? Sìda hastàta of English gardeners.
Velvety Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Flowers yellow. Perhaps a species of Abutilon.
109 S. PELLI'TA (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 115. but Spurred-carpelled Sida. Fi. June, July. Clt.? Shrub 1 ft.
not of Kunth,) shrubby ; branches spreading ; leaves nearly ses- 119 S. RICINOIDES (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 115. t. 55.) leaves some-
sile, cordate, oblong, acute, serrated, covered with brown villi what buckler-shaped, 5-lobed, lobes ovate, acute, toothed, un-
on both surfaces; peduncles capillary, racemose, elongated; divided; peduncles usually 1-flowered; flowers sub-umbellate
flowers dioecious; carpels 2-awned. ħ. S. Native of New (Cav.); carpels 8-9, 2-awned. O. S. Native of Peru. S.
Granada. Flowers probably yellow.
palmata, Cav. diss. 1. p. 20. t. 3. f. 3. Malvínda palmata,
Clad Sida. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Moench. S. Rícini, Spreng. Flowers pale-purple. Leaves like
110 S. NERVO'SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 465,) leaves cordate, acu- those of Ricinus.
minated, toothed, puberulous from starry down ; peduncles Ricinus-like Sida. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. 3 feet.
panicled; calyxes nerved; carpels 5, 2-beaked. ? S. Native 120 S. JATROPHOIDES (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 117. t. 56.) leaves
of St. Domingo. Flowers yellow.
somewhat peltate, with 7-lanceolate, acuminated, pinnatifid,
Nerved-calyxed Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
toothed lobes ; peduncles many-flowered ; carpels 7-8, awnless.
O.S. Native of Peru in sandy places. S. palmata, Jacq. icon.
**** Palmatilobàtæ. Leaves cleft in 3-5-7 or 9 lobes.
rar. 3. t. 547. Cav. diss. 5. t. 131. f. 3. Flowers violet-coloured.
111 S. Jave'nsis (Cav. diss. 1. p. 10. t. 1. f. 5.) leaves Jatropha-like Sida. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1787. Pl. 3 feet.
roundish, cordate, toothed, tricuspidate; pedicels solitary, 1- 121 S. NAPÆ'A (Cav. diss. 5. p. 277. t. 132. f. 1.) leaves
flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 5, 2-beaked; stem palmately 5-lobed, smooth ; lobes oblong, acuminated, toothed ;
reclinate. K ? S. Native of Java.
peduncles many-flowered ; carpels 10, awnless, acuminated. 2 .
Java Sida. Shrub prostrate.
H. Native of North America from Pennsylvania to Virginia in
112 S. OXYPHY'LLA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D.C. shady rocky places. Napæ'a læ'vis, Lin. syst. 750. Lam. ill. t.
prod. 1. p. 465.) leaves cordate, toothed, villous, 3-lobed ; 579. f. 1. Sims, bot. mag. 2193. Napæ'a hermaphrodita, Lin.
lateral lobes short, bifid, middle one longer, acuminated ; pedicels spec. 965. Flowers small, white. From Napææ, the nymphs
solitary, 1-flowered, length of petioles ; carpels 5, 2-beaked. - of the wood, which comes from vɛ, a negative, and maos, brilliant;
Native of Mexico. Flowers probably yellow.
that is to say, obscure in allusion to its habitat, in woods.
Sharp-leaved Sida. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Napæa Sida. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1748. Pl. 3 to 4 ft.
113 S. PU'NGENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 263.) 122 S. Dior'ca (Cav. diss. 5. p. 278. t. 132. f. 2.) leaves pal-
leaves cordate, somewhat ovate, obsoletely 3-lobed, coarsely mately 7-lobed, scabrous; lobes lanceolate, deeply toothed;
serrate-crenated, soft, pubescent above, but tomentosely-villous peduncles many-flowered, bracteated, somewhat corymbose ;
beneath, as well as branches; flower axillary, solitary, but col- flowers dioecious ; carpels 10, awnless, 2. H. Native of the
lected in bundles at the tops of the branches; carpels 12, 2- upper parts of Virginia in stony places. Napæ'a scàbra, Lin.

MALVACEÆ. XXVII. SIDA. .
497
pels mutic.
h. S.
syst. 750. Napæ'a dioica, Lin. spec. 965. Flowers small, oblong, somewhat unequal-sided, cordate at the base, obsoletely
white, in many-flowered, terminal, or lateral peduncles.
serrate-toothed, pubescently-pilose above, but pubescent beneath;
Dioecious Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Pl. 6 feet. branches flattened ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered ;
123 S. MALVÆFLO'RA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 474. Lindl. bot. reg.
.
ovary 12-lobed. h. s. Native of Brazil in the province of
t. 1036.) radical leaves roundish, 9-lobed, truncate at the base ; Rio Janeiro. Gaya Gaudichaudiàna, St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 192.
lobes 3-toothed at the apex ; stem leaves 5-parted ; segments
;
Flowers white.
linear, sub-dentate ; flowers disposed in terminal racemes ; car- Gaudichaud's Sida. Shrub 1 foot.
2. H. Native of North America in New Albion 132 S. AU'REA ; suffruticose; cauline leaves cordate, oblong,
in the vicinity of the Multomah river. Leaves and stem pilose. acute, obsoletely toothed, tomentose, canescent below; peduncles
Flowers pale rose-coloured. An elegant plant.
solitary, axillary, 1-flowered ; ovary villous, 12-celled.
Malva-flowered Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 to 3 ft. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Gàya aurea,
***** Pinnatilobàtæ. Leaves pinnatifid, or pinnate-parted.
St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 193. t. 38. Flowers golden-yellow.
Golden-flowered Sida. Fl. Sept. Oct. Shrub 1 foot.
124 S. PINNATA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 13. t. 422. f. 1.) leaves 133 S. CA'NDICANS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 466.) leaves ovate-ellip-
pinnate-parted, imbricate, tomentose beneath, with quite entire tical, blunt, cordate, crenate-serrate, and are as well as branch-
lobes; flowers axillary, sessile, solitary. 2. G. Native of lets hoary from tomentum ; pedicels solitary, twice or thrice the
Peru at the bottom of mount Chimborazo. Plant almost stem- length of the petioles; carpels 14-15. h.s. Native of Quito
less. Root thick. Flowers large, yellow when dry.
on the banks of the river Guancabamba. Gaya canescens, H. B.
Pinnate-leaved Sida. Pl. 2 inches.
et Kunth, 1. c. p. 269. Flowers yellow.
125 S. ACAU'lis (Cav. icon. 5. t. 422. f. 2.) leaves pinnate- Whitened-leaved Sida. Shrub 1 foot.
parted, with ovate, tomentose, tricuspidate lobes ; flowers axil- 134 S. SubTRILOBA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 5. p. 270. t.
lary, sessile, solitary ; carpels 8-10, awnless. 2. G. Native 476. under Gaya,) leaves on long stalks, ovate, acuminated, ob-
of Peru at the bottom of mount Chimborazo. Flowers probably soletely 3-lobed, profoundly cordate, clothed with very fine
yellow. Root thick. Habit of the last.
tomentum, hoary beneath ; pedicels solitary, when in fruit almost
Stemless Sida. Pl. 1 to 2 inches.
the length of the petioles. Native of New Granada. Resembles
126 S. PICHINCHE'NSIS (H. et B. pl. æquin. 2. t. 116.) plant S. occidentalis. Flowers yellow.
tufted ; leaves pinnatifid, hoary from tomentum above, smooth Subtrilobed-leaved Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
beneath, with linear-lanceolate 3-parted segments ; stems 1- 135 S. DI'STICHA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 12. t. 432.) leaves cordate
flowered, bearing one leaf in the middle; carpels hairy. 4. G. or ovate, acuminated, toothed, hoary-velvety, distich ; pedicels
Native of Quito on the top of the burning mountain Pichincha, solitary, 1-flowered, 4 times longer than the petioles ; carpels
at the height of 7050 feet. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. 10-15, awnless. Þ.S. Native of New Spain. Petals yellow,
.
p. 255. Flowers yellow?
oblong-ovate, twice as long as the acuminated calyx.
Pichincha Sida. Pl. 1 to 2 inches.
Distich-leaved Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
136 S. NU'TANS (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 119. t. 57.) leaves oblong-
Sect. II. ABUTILOIDES (agreeing with the genus Abùtilon, in cordate, acute, toothed, soft, velvety ; pedicels usually in pairs,
the carpels being connected as it were into a many-celled fruit.) 1-flowered, hardly twice the length of the petioles ; carpels 10,
D. C. prod. 1. p. 466. Gaya and Bastàrdia, Kunth, malv.
p.
blunt, depressed. h.S. Native of Peru in sandy places. S.
Carpels 15 to 40, 1-seeded, bladdery, so closely joined together calyptràta, Cav. diss. 2. p. 57 and 5. t. 133. f. 1. Petals yellow,
as to form a many-celled capsule.
a little larger than the calyx. Seeds calyptrate.
127 S. OCCIDENTA'LIS (Lin. spec. 964.) leaves oblong, cor- Nodding-flowered Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
date, toothed, somewhat lobed ; pedicels solitary, shorter than 137 S. viscosa (Lin. spec. 963.) leaves ovate, cordate, acumi-
the petioles ; carpels 27-30, blunt, disposed into a globose fruit. nated, finely serrated, tomentose, viscid ; petioles and pedicels
O.S. Native of South America.—Dill. elth. 1. t. 6. Cav. diss. hairy; stipulas setaceous; pedicels solitary, longer than the
,
1. p. 24. t. 4. f. 3. Abutilon defléxum, Moench. Fruit-bearing petioles ; carpels 7, awnless. h.s. Native of Jamaica, St.
pedicels deflexed. Flowers yellow; petals crenate.
Thomas, and Porto-Rico.-Sloan. hist. 1. t. 139. f. 4. Bastàrdia
Occidental Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. Pl. 2 feet. viscosa, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 256. Flowers
128 S. SYLVA’TICA (Cav. diss. 2. p. 56 and 5. p. 276. t. 133. yellow. Capsule 7-celled.
-
f. 2.) leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, crenated; pedicels twin, Clammy Sida. Fl. July.
Fl. July. Clt. 1795. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
2
much longer than the petioles ; carpels 30-36, awnless, collected 138 S. NEMORA'lis ; branched; leaves heart-shaped, acumi-
into an umbilicated globe. h.S Native of Peru in woods nated, toothed, pubescent above, tomentose beneath ; racemes
near the river Maragnon. Flowers pale-yellow.
compound, axillary, or terminal, numerous, very slender, few-
Wood Sida. Shrub 10 feet.
flowered; capsule orbicular, 9-14-celled, pilose. n. S. Native
129 S. SPICA'TA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 24. t. 8. f. 1.) leaves ovate, of Brazil in the province of Goyaz. Bastàrdia nemoràlis, St.
cordate, acute, toothed; racemes terminal, leafy; carpels 30, Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 195. t. 39. Flowers pinkish.
awnless, disposed into an umbilicated globe. h. S. Native of Grove Sida. Fl. June. Shrub 1 foot.
St. Domingo.—Plum. ed. Burm. 1. t. 2. Flowers yellow.
139 S. BASTA'RDÍA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 467.) leaves cordate,
Spiked-flowered Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
roundish-ovate, bluntly acuminated, a little crenated, tomentose
130 S. GA'YA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 466.) leaves nearly elliptical, from starry down ; petioles and pedicels tomentose, rather viscid;
acute, obliquely cordate, sharply serrated, and are as well as carpels 5, awnless. h. S. Native of South America on the
branches white from tomentum ; pedicels solitary, 3 times longer banks of the river Amazon. Bastárdia parvifòlia, H. B. et
.
than the petioles ; carpels 15. n. S. Native of Mexico. Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 255. t. 472. Flowers yellow.
Gaya hermannioides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 5. p. 268. t. Bastard's Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
1
475. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of Málva rotun- 140 S. RETROFRACTA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 467.) leaves heart-
difòlia. Fruit 15-celled.
shaped, acuminated, toothed, and are as well as pedicels tomen-
Gay's Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
tose ; stipulas setaceous, deflexed; pedicels length of petioles
131 S. GAUDICHAUDIA'NA; suffruticose; cauline leaves ovate- usually broken at the articulation ; carpels 7, pubescent, awnless.
VOL. I. PART. VI.
3 S
4.
-
-
3

498
.
MALVACEÆ. XXVII. SIDA.
4. G.
h. S. Native of Martinico. H. B. et Kunth, t. 476. Calyx much branched; leaves linear, entire ; pedicels axillary, 1-
with acuminated, spreading, or reflexed lobes. Flowers yellow. flowered, shorter than the leaves, with a joint just under the
Retrofracted-pedicelled
Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
flower, permanent. n. S. Native of the island of Timor. A
141 S. FE'TIDA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 349.) leaves cordate, ovate, very distinct species, probably allied to S. linifòlia.
acute, toothed, tomentose; petioles and pedicels hairy ; stipulas Few-leaved Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
setaceous, somewhat spreading ; pedicels one-half shorter than 149 S. MILLE'RI (D. C. prod. 1. p. 472.) leaves linear-lanceo-
the petioles ; carpels 7-8, awnless, collected into a globe. O.S. late, toothed, villous beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered;
Native of Peru and Martinico. S. viscosa, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 52.
p. stem erect, branched. H.S. Native of South America. S. angus-
t. 53. Abùtilon foe'tidum, Monch. Pedicels rising along the tifolia, Mill. dict. no. 3. Flowers small, yellow. Carpels bidentate.
stem, which is dark purple. Leaves fetid. Flowers yellow. Miller's Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1749. Shrub 14 foot.
Fetid Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1795. Pl. 17 foot.
150 S. FRUTICÒSA (Mill. dict. no. 18.) leaves lanceolate, un-
142 S. BRE'VIPES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 467.) leaves cordate, equally serrated, acuminate ; flowers capitate, terminal ; carpels
roundish, acuminated, toothed, velvety-pubescent; petioles and 5, bidentate. h.S. Native of Jamaica. Flowers small, pale-
branches covered with spreading hairs ; stipulas setaceous, sulphur coloured. Perhaps belonging to sect. Malacroidee.
somewhat erect; pedicels 1-2, axillary, 5-times shorter than the Shrubby Sida. Fl. June, July. Clt. ? Shrub 6 feet.
petioles ; carpels 5-6, awnless. O.S. Native of St. Martha. 151 s.? HI'SPIDA (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 452.) plant
Very like the preceding. Flowers yellow.
clothed with hispid hairs ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; pedicels
Short-pedicelled-flowered Sida. Fl. July, Aug.
Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 foot. solitary, axillary, length of leaves; involucel filiform.
143 S. MAGDALE'NÆ (D.C. prod. 1. p. 467.) leaves heart-shap- Native of North America in sandy plains of Georgia. Flowers
ed, acuminated, toothletted, and are as well as petioles and yellow.
yellow. This is perhaps a species of Málva.
branches hoary-velvety ; stipulas setaceous, rather erect; pedi- Hispid Sida. Pl. 1 foot.
cels a little shorter than the petioles ; carpels 5, awnless, scarcely 152 S. VIMI'NEA (Fisch. in Link. enum. berl. 2. p. 202.)
bladdery; seeds pubescent. n. S. Native of South America leaves lanceolate, very long, and very entire, pilose ; racemes
on the banks of the river Magdalena. Flowers yellow.
terminal, very short. 2. S. Native of Brazil. Stems erect,
Magdalena Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
and are as well as calyx strigose. Corolla larger than the calyx,
144 S. DENUDA'TA (Nees and Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. with an orange base.
100.) leaves cordate, roundish, acuminated, doubly crenated, Twiggy Sida. Fl. July. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 foot.
hairy; panicle terminal, naked; calyx hispid ; carpels 6-7, mu- 153 S. SEMICRENA'TA (Link. l. c.) leaves broadly lanceolate,
cronated. h.S. Native of Brazil at Serra do Mundo novo. obtuse, crenated, quite entire at the base, 3-nerved, younger
Habit of Abùtilon nudiflòrum. Flowers yellow,
ones tomentose beneath ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ; seg-
Naked-panicled Sida. Shrub 2 feet.
ments of the calyx with long points. 2. S. Native of Manilla.
Stem erect, smooth. Calyx somewhat tomentose. Corolla yellow,
Sect. III. MALACROI DEÆ. Heads of flowers involucrated.
a little larger than the calyx.
This section of Sida agrees with Malachra, as it is now consti- Half-crenated-leaved Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1823. Pl.
tuted.
There is much difference of opinion about the character
11 foot.
of that genus. According to St. Hilaire, the heads of flowers are 154 S. ACRA'NTHA (Link. 1. c.) middle leaves oblong, obtuse,
involucrated, but the calyx is simple, and the pedicels are brac- acutely crenated in front, upper ones lanceolate, acute, serrated
teate, with 10 stigmas and 5 separable 2-valved carpels; there- in front; flowers terminal, almost sessile. h. S. Native of
fore those species, included in that genus, with a double calyx, Brazil. Stem erect. Corolla yellow, a little larger than the
belong to Pavònia, such as M. cordàta and M. bractedta. acuminate hairy calyx.
145 S. FU’lva (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 176.) stems trailing; Pointed-flowered Sida. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 feet.
leaves elliptical, very blunt, entire at the base, but serrated at 155 S. SPIRÆIFO‘LÍA (Willd. enum. suppl. 49. Link. enum. 2.
the apex, smoothish above, villous beneath ; leaflets of involucre p. 203.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrated, quite entire at the
elliptical-oblong; carpels mutic. ħ. s. Native of Brazil in
h. S. Native of Brazil in base, smooth ; peduncles axillary, solitary, longer than the
the province of Rio Janeiro, by the sea-side. Flowers yellow. petioles; calyx smooth, with acuminate segments. h. S. Na-
Fulvous Sida. Pl. 1 foot.
tive of ? Corolla yellow, a little larger than the calyx. Carpels
146 S. ANO'MALA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 177.) stem suffruti-
2-beaked.
cose, nearly simple ; leaves erect, linear, cordate at the base, and Spiræa-leaved Sida. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 ft.
toothed at the apex, smooth above, but pilose and scabrous be-
156 S. SCHRA'NKII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 473.) leaves oblong-
neath; petioles recurved and jointed at the apex; leaflets of in- lanceolate, serrated, very entire at the base, rather tomentose
volucel linear; carpels 8, 2-beaked, wrinkled, and rather muri- beneath ; peduncles crowded on the branchlets; calyx rather
cated. h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Cisplatine. tomentose, with acute segments. 4. S. Native of Brazil.
Flowers red.
Resembles S. spiræif òlia. S. Brasíla, Schrank. in Link. enum.
Anomalous Sida. Shrub { foot.
hort, berl. 2. p. 203. but not of Cav. Flowers yellow.
147 S. PLUMÒSA (Cav. diss. 1. t. 12. f. 4. St. Hil. f. bras. Schrank's Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
1. p. 177.) stem suffruticose ; leaves elliptical, toothed; heads 157 S. BETULI'NA (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 646.) leaves ovate-
many-flowered ; leaflets of involucre numerous ; bracteas oblong, somewhat doubly serrated, quite entire at the base ;
ciliately-plumose. N. S. Native of Brazil. Malàchra plu- peduncles axillary, many-flowered.
ħ
h ? S. Native of South
mòsa, Desrous. in Lam. dict. 3. p. 686. Flowers yellow.
America ? Flowers yellow.
Feathered Sida. Pl. 1 foot.
Birch-like Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 feet.
+ Species not sufficiently known from the structure of the fruit spreading, flexuous ; leaves on short stalks, ovate, somewhat
158 S. PATULA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 243.) plant herbaceous,
not having been ascertained; but the most of which belong to sec-
tion Malvinda.
crenate, clothed with very soft down; flowers axillary, sessile.
,
O.S. Native of Cayenne. S. móllis, Rich. act. soc. h. nat.
Leaves linear, oblong, ovate or lanceolate.
par. Flowers white.
148 S. PAUCIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 472.) plant smooth, Spreading Sida. Pl. 1 foot.
.
1

MALVACEÆ. XXVII. SIDA.
499
* * *
159 S. BRASILIE'NSIS (Cav. diss. 1. p. 37. t. 34. f. 1.) leaves 170 S. SESSILIFLORA ; erect, pilose; leaves roundish, cordate,
ovate, acuminate, 5-nerved, hardly toothletted, tomentose be- acuminated, crenate, on long petioles ; flowers axillary, and
neath, as well as the branches ; stipulas filiform ; pedicels 1- terminal, racemose, almost sessile. K.S. Native of Guinea.
flowered, equal in length with the petioles ; capsules hairy. . Sessile-flowered Sida. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
S. Native of Brazil. Schrad. ill. pl. bras. in Goet. anz. Flowers 171 S. DEBILIS; plant pilose; stem weak, simple ; leaves
yellow?
roundish-cordate, acuminated, unequally serrated on long pe-
Brazilian Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1818. Pl. 2 feet? tioles; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, short. n. S. Native of
Guinea.
* * Leaves cordate, undivided.
Weak Sida. Shrub 1 foot.
160 S. GRACILIS (Rich. act. soc. nat. par. p. 111.) leaves !! 172 S. STELLA'TA ; erect, branched ; leaves roundish, cordate,
oblong, cordate, quite entire, tapering to the base, reflexed ; acuminated, entire, tomentose beneath ; panicle terminal ; car-
branchlets with fascicles of flowers; stem shrubby, brittle. h. pels 4-5, awnless. h.S. Native of Guinea.
s. Native of Antilles Flowers yellow?
Stellate-carpelled Sida. Shrub 1 foot.
Slender Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub.
173 S. PE'RSICA (Burm. ind. t. 47. f. 1.) lower leaves stalked,
161 S. CA'RNEA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. cordate, acuminate, upper ones sessile, lanceolate, toothed; pedi-
1. p. 473.) leaves ovate-oblong, somewhat cordate, toothed, cels solitary, 1-flowered. O ?H. Native of Persia. Cav. diss.
acute; pedicels solitary, axillary, longer than the petioles ; car- 1. p. 35. t. 4. f. 1. Flowers yellow.
pels 5, distinct.
h.S. Native of Mexico. Stem very much Persian Sida. Pl. 1 foot.
branched. Flowers small, flesh-coloured. Stigmas purple. 174 S. LASIOSTE'GA (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 205.) leaves
.
.
Flesh-coloured-flowered Sida. Pl. 2 feet ?
cordate, acuminate, hoary from tomentum beneath ; pedicels
162 S. VILLO'SA (Mill. dict. no. 6.) leaves somewhat cordate, axillary, 1-flowered, longer than the petioles; calyxes and cap-
sessile, serrated, rather villous; flowers axillary, crowded; car- sules awnless, downy-villous. n. S. Native of Brazil. Stem
pels bidentate. h.S. Native of South America. An erect round, hoary from down. Corolla yellow, a little larger than the
hairy shrub, with pale-yellow flowers.
calyx.
Villous Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739.
Clt. 1739. Shrub 3 feet. Hairy-covered Sida. Fl. Aug. Sep.
Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 ft.
.
163 S. VERRUCULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 473.) stem warty-
pubescent; leaves cordate, lanceolate, acuminate, acutely cre-
Leaves cordate, tricuspidate or 3-lobed.
nate, pubescent; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, filiform, a little 175 S. BIFLORA (Cav. diss. 1. p. 37. t. 9. f. 1.) leaves ovate,
longer than the petioles. H.S. Native of Brazil. S. arguta, cordate, acuminate, toothed, tricuspidate; peduncles twin, axil-
Fisch. in Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 206. but not of Swartz, lary, equal in length to the petioles. h. S. Native of? Flowers
Petals yellow, a little larger than the calyx.
yellow.
Warted-stemmed Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 ft. Two-flowered Sida. Shrub.
164 S. GRAVE'OLENS (Roxb. ex Horn. hafn. suppl. 77.) leaves 176 S. PENTACA'RPOS (Roxb. ex horn. suppl. 78.) leaves cor-
roundish, cordate, somewhat acuminated; peduncles shorter than date, somewhat tricuspidate ; peduncles length of petioles ;
the petioles ; carpels truncate, longer than the calyx. 0. S. carpels awnless, very hispid. 0. s. Native of the East Indies.
Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow.
Flowers probably yellow.
Strong-scented Sida. Pl. 1į foot.
Five-fruited Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1620. Pl. 1 foot.
165 Š. PURPURA'SCENS (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 206.) 177 S. Sesse'i (Lag. nov. gen. 21.) leaves cordate, ovate,
leaves cordate, acuminate, crenately-denticulate, and are as well as somewhat 3-lobed, acuminate, toothed, downy beneath ; pedun-
stems clothed with green down ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, a cles axillary, solitary, and in pairs, longer than the petiole,
little longer than the petioles. his. Native of Brazil. Petioles usually 2-flowered; carpels 5. h. S. Native of New Spain.
long, nevertheless they are shorter than the limbs of the leaves. Sesse's Sida. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Nerves yellowish on the under side of the leaf. Petals with
narrow claws, purplish.
Leaves palmately lobed.
Purplish Sida. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. 178 S. GERANIOIDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 474.) leaves hoary
166 S. PA'Tens (Andr. bot. rep. 571.) leaves cordate, acumi- with down beneath, velvety above, palmately 5-lobed ; lobes
nate, deeply serrate; peduncles solitary, longer than the petioles; deeply-toothed, middle one elongated; pedicels axillary, soli-
carpels 5, awned. H. S.
h
Native of Abyssinia Flowers tary, 1-flowered, length of petioles ; calyx tomentose, campa-
yellow. Carpels 4-5 seeded. A species of Åbùtilon.
nulate, truncate, with 5-6 blunt teeth. K.G. Native of New
Open Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1806. Pl. 4 feet.
Holland. Petals twice as long as the calyx. Perhaps a species
167 S. CONTRACTA (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 204.) leaves of Laguna'a.
cordate, acuminate, repand, rarely crenate, hoary from down ; Geranium-like Sida. Shrub.
panicle contracted, bracteolate; calyxes tomentose. h.S. Na- 179 S. ALCÆDes (Mich. A. bor. amer. 2. p. 44.) lower
tive of Madagascar. Flowers yellow ?
leaves triangular, cordate, cut, upper ones palmately multifid;
Contracted-panicled Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1823. Shrub. corymb terminal ; calyx hispid. 4. H. Native of North
168 S. CONFE'RTA (Link. l. c. p. 207.) leaves cordate, acute, America in stony fields of Kentucky and Tennassee, &c. Re-
crenate, wrinkled, and are as well as stems clothed with yellow sembles in habit Málva alcèa.
down; flowers almost sessile, aggregate. n. S. Native of Alcea-like Sida. Fl. July, Aug.
Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 4 feet?
Brazil. Corolla obscurely yellow, a little longer than the calyx. 180 S. PHYLLA'NTHUS (Cav. diss. 5. p. 276. t. 127.) plant
Calyx tomentose.
stemless ; leaves 3-parted, with sessile, 3-parted, wedge-shaped,
Crowded-flowered Sida. Fl. July, Sep. Clt. 1822.
Clt. 1822. Shrub blunt, very entire segments; flowers solitary, inserted on the
1 to 3 feet.
winged petioles ; carpels 12. 4.S. Native of Peru. Leaves
169 S. HIRSUTA (Mill. dict. no. 9.) leaves orbicular, cordate, downy, rufescent beneath. Flower large, blue or pale-violet.
crenate; stem and petioles hairy ; peduncles long, axillary, 1- H. B. Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. p. 264. This is a
flowered.-Native of ? Flowers small, yellow.
very singular species.
Hairy Sida. Pl. 1foot.
Leaf-flowered Sida. Pl. į foot.
-
3 s 2

500
MALVACEÆ. XXVII. SIDA. XXVIII. ABUTILON.
p. 467.
+ Species the names of which are only known. Natives of St. Lucia Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. Sh. 2 ft.
the East Indies. S. glutinosa, and S. cuneif ölia, Roxb.
6 A. SUNDA'ICUM (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p.
Cult. The species of this genus are free flowering plants of 652. under Sida,) leaves profoundly-cordate, roundish, acumi-
no great beauty, therefore they are hardly worth cultivating, nated, grossly toothed, velvety above, hoary-tomentose beneath ;
except in botanical gardens. They are increased by seed, which flowers racemosely panicled ; carpels 5, awnless; stipulas seta-
they usually produce in abundance, or by cuttings in sand, under ceous. ħ.S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow. Like A. Lu-
a hand-glass. Most of them require the heat of a stove. ciànum. Sida Sundénsis, Spreng. syst. app. p. 259.
The hardy perennial species are easily increased by dividing the Sunda Abutilon. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
plants at the root in spring. Those belonging to section Mal- 7 A. SPICA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 271.)
vinda, division Pinnatilobàtæ, are very singular plants, chiefly leaves cordate, somewhat orbicular, much pointed, somewhat
natives of Chili and Peru; none of these have yet been intro- crenulated, pubescent, hoary beneath ; spikes terminal, slender;
duced to the gardens.
flowers fascicled, usually pentagynous. h. S. Native of Guiana
near St. Carlos del Rio Negro. Branches hoary. Flowers
XXVIII. ABU'TILON (aburimov is the Greek name for
decandrous, about the size of those of Gerànium parviflòrum.
the mulberry tree ; resemblance in the shape of the leaves).
Kunth, malv. p. 4. Sìda, sect. 3. Abutilon, D. C. prod. 1.
Sida spiciflòra, D. C. prod. 4. p. 468. Cells of capsule 3-seeded.
Spiked-flowered Abutilon. Sh. 2 feet.
8 A. PA'TENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 200.) stem suffruticose,
LIN, SYST.
Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx naked, 5-
terete, branched, tomentose; leaves cordate at the base, ovate-
cleft, usually angular. Style multifid at apex. Carpels cap-
lanceolate, entire, green, and smooth above, but hoary-tomentose
sular, usually bladdery, 5-30, in a whorl around the central axis,
beneath; panicle many-flowered; capsule inflated, smoothish,
;
1-celled, 3 or many-seeded, connected so closely together as to
tubercled, 5-beaked, 5-celled ; cells 3-seeded. h. S. Native
form a many-celled capsule, mutic or awned at the apex. This
.
of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro.
Flowers golden
genus has been divided from Sida, we shall therefore retain the
authorities for the species under that genus.
yellow. This is rather an elegant plant.
Spreading Abutilon. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
* Oligocarpæ. Carpels or cells 5 to 8.
9 A. PARVIFLÒRUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 201.) branches suf-
p
1 A. PERIPLOCIFÒLIUM (Lin. spec. 962. under Sìda.) leaves fruticose, terete, twiggy, tomentose ; leaves cordate, acuminated,
cordate, lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire. tomentose beneath; entire
green and smoothish above, but hoary-tomentose beneath;
pedicels panicled, very slender, longer than the petioles, jointed panicle few-flowered ; capsule inflated, puberulous, 5-beaked,
under the flower; carpels 5, ovate, acuminated, 3-seeded.
;
5-celled ; cells 3-seeded. h.S. Native of Brazil in the pro-
O.S. Cav. diss. 1. p. 26. t. 5. f. 2. Flowers pale-yellow, vince of Minas Geraes. Flowers white and yellow.
sometimes light-purple.
Small-flowered Abutilon. Fl. April.
Fl. April. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Var. a, Zeylánicum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 467.) leaves narrow, 10 A. LECHENAULTIA'NUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 468. under Sìda,)
rather scabrous above. Native of Ceylon.—Pluk. t. 74. f. 7. leaves cordate, roundish, acuminated, quite entire, velvety above,
-Dill. elth. 1. t. 3. f. 2.
hoary beneath ; pedicels many-flowered, axillary, length of pe-
Var. B, Caribæ'um (D. C. prod. 1. p. 468.) leaves evidently tioles, ultimate ones disposed in a racemose panicle ; petals ob-
cordate, somewhat wrinkled and smooth above. Native of cordate; carpels 5, somewhat bidentate. h. S. Native of
Jamaica. Sloan. hist. 1. t. 139. f. 2.
the East Indies. Flowers yellow.
Peruviànum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 468.) leaves evidently Lechenault's Abutilon. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 2 to 4 ft?
cordate, whitish velvety above ; pedicels simple, shorter than 11 A. NUDIFLÒRUM (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 123. t. 59. under Sida,)
the leaves. Native of Peru. Perhaps a distinct species. leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, almost entire, tomentose
Periploca-leaved Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1691. Pl. beneath ; panicle terminal, racemose; carpels 5-7, somewhat
2 to 4 feet.
bidentate, 3-seeded. h. S. Native of St. Domingo. S. stel-
2 A. FERRUGINEUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. làta, Cav. diss. 1. t. 5. f. 4.—Plum. spec. t. 3. Flowers large,
271.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, acuminated, tomentose, yellow. This is an elegant species.
quite entire ; pedicels simple, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, Naked-flowered Abutilon. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1731. Shrub
jointed in the middle ; carpels 5, beaked, 3-seeded.
h. s.
4 feet.
Native of Peru near Loxa. Resembles S. periplocifòlia. Sìda 12 A. POLYA'NDRUM (Schlecht. in Link, enum. hort. berl, 2.
ferruginea, D. C. prod. 1. p. 460. Flowers yellow.
p. 264. under Sida,) leaves cordate, short-pointed, rather cre-
Rusty Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 feet. nulated, downy, green; panicle leafless. n. S. Native of?
3 A. Exce'lsior (Cav. diss. 1. p. 27. t. 5. f. 3. under Såda,) Resembles A. nudiflòrum. Flowers small, deep yellow.
leaves cordate, ovate, acuminated, quite entire, yellowish and to- Polyandrous Abutilon. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. Sh. 3 ft.
mentose beneath ; racemes panicled ; carpels 5, bidentate, 3- 13 A. AURÌTUM (Wall. in Link, enum. hort. 2. p. 206. under
seeded. h. S. Native of Peru. Flowers yellow.
Sada,) leaves profoundly cordate, with a narrow recess; acumi-
Taller Abutilon. Tree 14 feet.
nated, toothletted, pilose above, hoary beneath ; stipulas broad,
4 A. HERNANDIOIDES (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 121. t. 58. under cordate, eared, acuminated ; flowers disposed in corymbose pani-
;
Sada,) leaves somewhat peltate, cordate, ovate, acuminated, cles; tube of stamens very villous ; carpels 5, hairy. . S.
,
almost entire, pubescent; pedicels 1-flowered, shorter than the Native of Bengal. Flowers yellow ?
petioles ; carpels 5, awnless. h. S. Native of Hispaniola. Eared-stipuled Abutilon. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1823. Sh. 4 ft.
Flowers yellow.
14 A. TIMORIE'NSE (D. C. prod. 1. p. 468. under Sida,)
Hernandia-like Abutilon. Fl.? Clt. 1798. Shrub 2 to 5 ft. leaves cordate, roundish, acuminated, somewhat crenate, white-
5 A. LUCIA'NUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 468. under Sida,) leaves velvety; panicle terminal, loose ; carpels 5-6, oblong, hispid.
cordate, ovate-roundish, acuminated, almost entire, rather vel- Native of the Island of Timor. Flowers yellow?
vety above, hoary from tomentum beneath ; peduncles branched, Timor Abutilon. Shrub 3 feet.
very short, disposed in an interrupted panicle ; carpels 5, some- 15 A. TRIQUETRUM (Lin. spec. 962.) leaves cordate, acumin-
what inflated, bidentate. Native of the Island of St. Lucia. ate, serrulated, white-velvety; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered;
Flowers white.
carpels 5, awnless, 3-seeded ; branches triangular. h.s. Na-
Var. Vi
/
p.
.
-

MALVACEÆ. XXVIII. ABUTILON.
501
tive of South America. Cav. diss. 1. t. 5. f. 1. S. trisulcata, Jacq. axillary, 4-6-flowered ; carpels 5-6, 2-awned, 3-seeded. Native
amer. 195. Schonbr. t. 118.-Gärtn. fruct. 2. t. 134. Ac- of Senegal and other parts of Guinea. S. Africàna, Beauv. A.
cording to Kunth this is the type of a separate genus. Flowers d. ow. 2. t. 116. Flowers yellow.
yellow with a purple bottom.
Branched Abutilon. Fl. July. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
Triangular-branched Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1775. 25 A. UMBELLA'TUM (Lin. spec. 962. under Sida,) leaves
Shrub 3 feet.
roundish, cordate, toothed, rather angular, acuminate ; pedun-
16 A. INCA'NUM (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 204. under cles usually 4-flowered, umbellate, axillary; carpels 6-11, 2-
Sida,) leaves hoary with tomentum, cordate, somewhat acumina- awned, 3-seeded. O. S. Native of Jamaica Jacq. hort.
ted, acutely crenulated ; pedicels 1-flowered, longer than the vind. t. 56. Cav. diss, 1. t. 6. f. 3. and 5. t. 129. f. 2. Flowers
petioles; calyxes and capsules tomentose. h. S. Native of yellow. Peduncles somewhat 6-7-flowered.
the Sandwich Islands. Stems somewhat triangular. Flowers Umbellate-flowered Abutilon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1788.
yellow, a little longer than those of S. triquetra.
Pl. 11 foot.
Hoary-leaved Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
Clt. 1818. Shrub 26 A. GIGANTE'UM (Jacq. Schonbr. 2. p. 8. t. 141. under
3 feet.
Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, crenate, tricuspidate, white and
17 A. INÆQUILA'TERUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 198. t. 40.) velvety on both surfaces; flowers racemose ; corollas reflexed ;
leaves ovate-oblong, cordate at the base, unequal-sided, with a carpels 5, many-seeded, villous. h. S. Native of Caraccas.
short acumen, unequally serrately-ciliated, pilose above, somewhat Carpels 8-12, according to Jacquin. Flowers yellow.
,
tomentose beneath; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered ; Giant Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug.
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 ft.
capsule 8-celled; cells 3-seeded. h.s. Native of Brazil in 27 A. E'LEGANS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 207.) stem hairy;
the provinces of Minas Geraes and Rio Janeiro. Flowers leaves oblong, cordate, acuminated, unequally toothed, velvety-
golden-yellow.
tomentose beneath and hoary; pedicels axillary, twin, hairy ;
Unequal-sided-leaved Abutilon. Fl. Feb. Shrub 2 feet. ovary 8-celled; cells 4-9-seeded.
h. S. Native of Brazil
18 A. GLECHOMÆFÓLIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 198. t. 411.) in the provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes. Flowers red?
stems numerous, terete, prostrate, puberulous ; leaves cordate Elegant Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
at the base, roundish, crenated, puberulous ; flowers axillary,
solitary ; capsule 3-5-celled, terminated by as many points ;
Polycarpe. Carpels or cells 9 or more.
cells 3-seeded. n. S. Native of Brazil in the province of 28 A. REFLE'XUM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 36. t. 7. and 6. t. 195.
Cisplatine. Flowers pinkish.
f. 1. under Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, crenate,
Ground-ivy-leaved Abutilon. Fl. Nov. Jan. Shrub 3 to 5 ft. tomentose; pedicels solitary, longer than the petioles ; petals
19 A. RAMIFLÒKUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 199.) stem simple, wedge-shaped, toothed at the apex, reflexed ; carpels 12, 3-
suffruticose, profoundly furrowed, densely tomentose; leaves seeded. ñ . s. Native of Peru in sandy places. S. retrorsa,
cordate, acuminated, nearly entire, velvety-tomentose ; flowers Lher. stirp. 1. t. 64. Flowers large, scarlet, with a dusky spot
.
panicled ; capsule hispid, clammy, 5-6-celled ; cells 3-seeded. at the base of each petal.
H.S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Reflexed-petalled Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1799. Sh. 4 ft.
Minas Novas. Flowers yellow.
29 A. PEDUNCULA'RE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
Branch-flowered Abutilon. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
p. 273.) leaves roundish-ovate, acuminate, profoundly cordate,
20 A. LEUCA'NTHEMUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 200.) stem repandly-toothed, hairy above, hoary from soft tomentum beneath;
suffruticose, angular, pubescent; leaves cordate, acuminated, pedicels solitary, very long; petals oblong-spatulate, reflexed ;
quite entire, pubescent; flowers disposed in few-flowered ra- carpels about 20, 3-4-seeded. h.S. Native of South America
cemes ; capsule puberulous, 5-celled, 5-beaked ; cells 3-seeded. in shady places on the banks of the river Amazon. Sìda pedun-
h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. culàris, D. C. prod. 1. p. 469. Flowers purple.
Flowers white.
Long flower-stalked Abutilon. Shrub 4 feet.
White-flowered Abutilon. Fl. Aug. Shrub 2 feet.
30 A. MICROSPE'RMUM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 29. t. 13. f. 4. under
21 A. PULCHE'LLUM (Bonpl. nav. t. 2. under Sàda,) leaves Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, acute, rather crenate ; pedicels
cordate, ovate-lanceolate, coarsely and unequally crenated, some- solitary, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 12-13, 2-3-seeded,
what downy beneath from starry pubescence, scabrous above; each ending in two fringed beaks. Þ.S. Native of? Flowers
racemes axillary, few-flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels yellow. Seeds very small.
5, 2-awned, 2-3-seeded. h.S. Native of New Holland. Hook. Small-seeded Abutilon. Shrub 2 feet.
bot. mag. t. 2753. Flowers white. Carpels 2-seeded. The 31 A. UMBELLI' FERUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 204.) stem suf-
plant figured in Bot. Mag. may be a distinct species, the racemes fruticose, terete, densely tomentose ; leaves cordate at the base,
being much shorter than the petioles, and the carpels not evi- abruptly acuminated, velvety-pubescent above, but hoary and to-
dently 2-awned.
mentose beneath; flowers in umbels on the tops of long pedun-
Neat Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 feet. cles; capsule villous, 12-13-celled with an equal number of beaks;
22 A. LIGNÒSUM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 28. t. 6. f. 2. under Sida,) cells 3-seeded. h.s. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio
leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, crenate, tomentose; pedi- Grande do Sul. Flowers pinkish.
cels solitary, longer than the petioles ; carpels 7-8, awnless, 3- Umbelliferous Abutilon. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
seeded, very hard. h. S. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers 32 A. ESCULE'NTUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 204.) stem shrubby,
yellow. Stem hard.
terete, tomentose with grey hairs ; leaves cordate, acuminated,
Woody-fruited Abutilon. Shrub 3 feet.
toothed, puberulous above, and tomentose beneath ; flowers axil-
23 A. OBTU'sum (Cav. diss. 1. p. 34. t. 9. f. 2. under Sida) lary, solitary ; cells of capsule 3-seeded. h.S. Native of Brazil
,
leaves cordate, ovate, obtuse, toothed, tricuspidate; peduncles in the province of Rio Janeiro, where it is called Bencao de
usually 4-flowered, umbellate, longer than the petioles ; carpels Deos, and where the inhabitants dress and eat the flowers with
8-10, acute, 3-seeded. h.S. Native of ? Flowers pale-yellow. their viands. Flowers purple. St. Hil. pl. us. bras. no. 51.
Blunt-leaved Abutilon. Shrub 3 feet.
Esculent-flowered Abutilon. Fl. Sept. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
24 A. RAMÒSUM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 28. t. 6. f. 1. under Sida,) 33 A. CA'RNEUM (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 205.) stem suffruti-
leaves ovate, cordate, unequally and deeply toothed ; peduncles cose, terete, tomentose from rufescent hairs; leaves cordate,

502
MALVACEÆ. XXVIII. ABUTILON.
.
acuminated, toothed, puberulous above, but clothed with white axillary, solitary, and twin; capsule villous, mutic, 10-celled ;
tomentum beneath ; flowers solitary, terminal; capsule tomen- cells 4-9-seeded. h.s. Native of Brazil in the provinces of
tose, 10-horned, 10-celled ; cells 4-9-seeded. h.s. Native of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes. Flowers purple.
Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Flowers flesh-coloured. Mountain Abutilon. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Flesh-coloured-flowered Abutilon. Fl. Sept. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. 43 A. MAURITIA'NUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 137. under Sida,)
34 A. IMBEÖRBE (D.C. prod. 1. p. 469. under Sìda,) leaves cor- leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, toothed, tomentose beneath;
date, acute, crenulate, white and velvety on both surfaces, upper pedicels longer than the petioles ; carpels 30, 3-seeded, trun-
leaves almost sessile ; pedicels solitary, 3-times longer than the cated, beaked, villous, longer than the calyx. h.S. Native
petioles ; carpels 12-13, a little inflated, rather scabrous, or ciliat- of the Mauritius. S. planiflora, Cav. diss. 1. p. 32. t. 7. f. 4.
.
. .
ed, awnless. Native of Guadaloupe and St. Domingo. Resem- and 5. t. 135. f. 1. Flowers orange-coloured.
bles A. crispum, Lin. Flowers yellow.
Mauritian Abutilon. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1789. Sh. 3 ft.
Beardless Abutilon. Shrub 2 feet.
44 A. ATROPURPU'REUM (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa,
35 A. RUFE'SCENS (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 205. t. 42.) stem 1. p. 652. under Sàda,) leaves orbicularly-cordate, acuminated,
shrubby, tomentose, rusty ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, obtuse at unequally crenate, pubescent above from simple and stellate
the base, acuminated at the apex, toothed, smooth above, tomen- hairs, tomentose beneath ; stipulas leafy, unequally cordate;
tose beneath; flowers corymbose; capsule subglobose, very panicle terminal ; pedicels much shorter than the petioles ; car-
villous, mutic, 13-16-celled; cells 4-9-seeded. h. S. Native pels about 10, truncate, acuminated, longer than the calyx.
of Brazil. Flowers yellow.
h.S. Native of Java. Flowers dark-purple.
Var. B, confértum (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 206.) leaves lanceolate, Dark-purple-flowered Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
sublinear, more crowded and smooth than in var. a. Brazil at 45 A. GLOBIFLÒRUM (Hook, bot. mag. 2821. under Sida,)
Villa Rica.
smooth;
leaves on long stalks, cordate, serrated, tapering
Rufescent Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
much at the apex and entire; peduncles solitary, length of
36 A. CRISPUM (Lin. spec. 964. under Sìda,) leaves cordate, petioles ; calyx truncate at the base ; corolla subglobose. h. S.
acuminate, crenated, rather tomentose, upper ones sessile ; pedi- Native of the Mauritius. Stamens collected into a globe at the
cels solitary, longer than the petioles, when in fruit deflexed; top of the tube, exserted beyond the corolla. Style tipped by 10
1
carpels 12-13, 3-seeded, inflated, awnless, undulately-curled capitate stigmas. Carpels 10. Flowers large, globose, cream-
with a hairy keel. O. S. Native of Carolina, New Spain, coloured. This is certainly a species of Periptera, or a new
Providence, Bahama Islands and Peru by the sea-coast.–Dill. genus.
elth. t. 5. f.5.-Cav. diss. 1. p. 30. t. 7. f. 1. and 5. t. 135. Globe-flowered Abutilon. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1825. Sh. 4 to 5 ft.
f. 2. S. amplexicaúlis, Lam. dict. 1. p. 7. Flowers white, small. 46 A. TILIÆFÒLIUM (Fisch. cat. hort. goren. 1808. D. C.
Curled-fruited Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1726. Pl. 1 ft. prod. 1. p. 470. under - Sàda,) leaves roundish, cordate, with a
37 A. AMPLEXIFÒLIUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. broad recess, acuminate, toothed, soft, pubescent; pedicels
D. C. prod. 1. p. 469. under Sida,) leaves cordate, acuminate, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 15, hairy, 2-awned. O. G.
crenated, upper ones sessile, stem-clasping ; panicle terminal, Native of China and Thibet. Willd. enum. 722. Jacq. fil.
many-flowered. 4. S. Native of Mexico.
4. S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow. eccl. 1. f. 35. Flowers yellow. Leaves large.
Fruit-bearing pedicels erect.
Lime-tree-leaved Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. PI.
Clasping-leaved Abutilon. Pl. 1 foot.
2 feet.
38 A. RIVULA'RE (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 202.) stem suffruti- 47 A. MU'TICUM (Delil. ill. æg. no. 633. under Sida,) leaves
cose, terete, tomentose ; leaves cordate, oblong, obtuse, toothed, orbicular, cordate, somewhat acuminated, coarsely toothed, ,
tomentose; flowers umbellate; capsule very villous, mutic, 10- clothed with soft tomentum on both surfaces; pedicels shorter
12-celled ; cells 3-seeded. ħ. S. Native of Brazil in the than the petioles ; carpels 25-30, hairy, awnless, scarcely longer
province of Cisplatine on the banks of a rivulet called Rio del than the calyx. Native of Upper Egypt. Flowers yellow.
Samé. Flowers red.
Awnless-capsuled Abutilon. Pl. 1 foot.
Rivulet Abutilon. Fl. Dec. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
48 A. CIRCINNA'TUM (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 119.
.
39 A. VIRGA'TUM (Cav. icon. 1. p. 53. t. 73. under Sida,) under Sìda,) shrubby; leaves roundish, cordate, acutish, nearly
leaves cordate, ovate, acuminated, serrated, puberulous; pedicels entire, tomentose ; peduncles 1-flowered, elongated; capsule
solitary, longer than the petioles; petals shorter than the calyx; bladdery. Đ. s. Native of South America near the river
S.
carpels 7-9, 2-awned, 3-seeded. h.s. Native of Peru. Flowers Amazon. Flowers probably yellow.
yellow.
Circinnate-leaved Abutilon. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Twiggy Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub 3 ft. 49 A. SPECIÒSUM (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 119.
40 A. MICRA'NTHUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 208.) leaves cor- under Sìda,) shrubby ; leaves cordate, acuminated, crenately-
date, acuminated, toothed, tomentose beneath; flowers large, serrate, stellately-tomentose; stipulas obsolete ; peduncles twin,
racemosely-glomerated ; capsule globose, mutic, very villous, elongated, 1-flowered; carpels mutic. . S. Ñative of Brazil
12-celled; cells 4-9-seeded. h. S. Native of Brazil.
and Cumana. Flowers rose-coloured. Perhaps a species of
Small-flowered Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
Sida.
41 A. ARBÒREUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 397. Lher. stirp. p. 131. Shewy Abutilon. Shrub 4 feet?
t. 63. under Sìda,) leaves orbicular, cordate, acuminate, cre- 50 A. AMERICA'NUM (Lin. spec. 963. under Sida,) leaves
nated, tomentose; stipulas ciliated; pedicels longer than the cordate, oblong, undivided, tomentose; pedicels shorter than
leaves; carpels 13-15, truncate, villous, 5-seeded. h. s. the leaves ; carpels 12, tomentose, acuminated, length of the
Native of Peru. S. Peruviana, Cav. diss. 1. p. 36. t. 7. f. 8. calyx. h.S. Native of Jamaica. Flowers large, yellow.
and 5. t. 130. S. grandifolia, Poir. suppl. 1. p. 31.
31. Flowers American Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. Sh. 6 ft.
large, sulphur-coloured, or nearly white.
51 A. Avice’NNÆ (Gært. ex D. C. prod. 1. p. 469.) leaves
p
Tree Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1772. Tree 12 feet. roundish, cordate, acuminated, toothed, tomentose; peduncles
42 A. MONTA'NUM (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 207.) stem shrubby,
1
shorter than the petioles ; carpels 15, truncate, 2-beaked, hairy,
terete, branched, pubescent ; leaves cordate, acuminated, serrate, 3-seeded. O. H. Native of the South of France, Switzerland,
puberulous above, tomentose, and much paler beneath; flowers and both Indies. In North America from Pennsylvania to Carolina
.
.

MALVACEÆ. XXVIII. ABUTILON.
503
.
in cultivated ground. Sida Abutilon, Lin. spec. 963. Houtt. 7. f. 9. S. heteromíschos, Cav. diss. 2. p. 55. and 5. p. 275.
syst. 8. t. 61. Schkuhr. handb. t. 190.
Flowers deep yellow. t. 128. f. 2. Flowers yellow. Stem dark purple.
Avicenna's Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1596.
Pl. 3 or
Poplar-leaved Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl.
4 feet.
2 to 6 feet.
52 A. PAUCIFLÒRUM (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 206.) stem suffru-
p
61 A. HIRTUM (Lam. dict. 1. p. 7. under Sida,) leaves roundish,
ticose, terete, hairy ; leaves roundish, heart-shaped, acuminated, cordate, acuminate, toothed, clothed with white tomentum be-
unequally toothed, velvety on both surfaces, hoary beneath; neath ; peduncles longer than the petioles ; carpels 15-17, trun-
flowers axillary, solitary ; capsule villous, 12-13-horned, 12- cate, acute, shorter than the calyx. 0. S. Native of the East
13-celled ; cells 4-9-seeded. . S. Native of Brazil in the Indies.—Rumph, amb. 4. t. 10 ? S. pilòsa, Lher. stirp. 1. p.
southern part of the province of Cisplatine. Flowers red. 130. Branches hairy with pili, but much less so than in the fol-
Few-flowered Abutilon. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
lowing species. Flowers pale-yellow.
53 Å. JACQUÌNI; leaves cordate, undivided, acuminate, cre- Hairy Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 3 feet.
nated, downy; peduncles length of petioles ; carpels 10, 3- 62 A. MÓLLE (Ort. dec. p. 65.) leaves cordate, orbicular,
seeded. O. S. Native of Jamaica. Sìda abutiloìdes, Jacq. obs. acuminate, unequally crenate-toothed, clothed with soft pubes-
1. p. 17. t. 7. Lavatèra Americana, Lin. spec. 973.
973. Flowers cence ; peduncles 1-2-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; car-
yellow.
pels 8-10, 3-seeded, mucronate, acuminated, a little longer than
Jacquin's Abutilon. Pl. 4 feet.
the calyx; branches very hairy. h, S. Native of Peru.
54 A. ASIA’TICUM (Lin. spec. 964. under Sida,) leaves cor- Hook. bot. mag. 2759. S. grandifòlia, Willd. enum. p. 724.
date, ovate-oblong, toothed, velvety; pedicels longer than the Flowers yellow, rather large.
petioles ; carpels 20, 3-seeded, truncated, acute, almost equal in Soft-leaved Abutilon. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1816. Shrub 10
length with the calyx, woolly. 0. S. Native of the East to 20 feet.
Indies. Cav. diss. 1. p. 31. t. 7. f. 2. and 5. t. 128. f. 1. Lher. 63 A. MOLLISSIMUM (Cav. diss. 2. p. 49. t. 14. f. 1.) leaves
stirp. p. 130. Flowers small, yellow.
large, roundish, cordate, acuminate, toothed, velvety ; peduncles
Asiatic Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug.
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1768. Pl. 2 feet. usually 2-flowered, shorter than the petioles; carpels 11, trun-
55 A. SONNERATIA'NUM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 29. t. 6. f. 4. under cate, 3-seeded, bidentate, equal in length with the 10-angled
Sida,) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, toothed, tomentose; calyx. . S. Native of Peru in woods near the river Marag-
peduncles solitary, longer than the leaves; carpels 9, 3-seeded,
non.
S. cistiflòra, Lher. stirp. 1. p. 127. t. 61. Corolla sul-
truncate, obtuse, longer than the calyx. &? S. Native of the phur-coloured, a little longer than the calyx. Stem tomentose.
Cape of Good Hope. Resembles A. Asiáticum. Flowers yellow. Very-soft-leaved Abutilon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1789.
Sonnerať s Abutilon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806. Pl. 2 ft. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
56 A. CISTIFLORUM (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 64 A. PU’LCHRUM (Coll. hort. rip. p. 129. t. 34. under Sida,)
652. under Sida,) leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, crenate- stem erect, and is as well as the petioles very villous; leaves
toothed, clothed with white tomentum; peduncles axillary, soli- orbicularly cordate, unequally toothed, somewhat 3-lobed at the
tary, 1-flowered, twice the length of the petioles ; carpels 10-13, apex ; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles ;
obtuse, villous; stipulas setaceous, spreading. Like Sida disticha. carpels 10-12, globose, aggregate, mutic, 3-seeded. h. s.
;
-
Flowers probably yellow.
Native of the island of St. Martha. Flowers elegant, yellow,
Cistus-flowered Abutilon. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
with a dark centre.
57 A. IBARRE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. Fair Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1826, Shrub 1 to
272.) leaves roundish, profoundly cordate, acuminate, on long 3 feet.
stalks, crenate-toothed, clothed with very soft tomentum, hoary 65 A. EXSTIPULA'RE (Cav. diss. 2. p. 56. t. 14. f. 2.) leaves
above, and white beneath ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered. h.s. ovate, cordate, acuminate, tomentose, without stipulas ; pedicels
Native of Quito in South America. Flowers pale yellow. Sìda solitary, shorter than the petioles ; carpels 30, truncate, awnless,
Ibarrénsis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 470. Cells of capsule 3-seeded. shorter than the calyx, 1-3-seeded. h. S. Native of the island
Ibarra Abutilon. Shrub 6 feet.
of Bourbon. Flowers yellow.
58 A. PETIOLA'RE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. Exstipular Abutilon. Shrub 3 feet.
1. c.) leaves roundish, profoundly cordate, acuminate, on long 66 A. TRUNCA'TUM (Cav. diss. 1. p. 35. t. 6. f. 7.) leaves
stalks, doubly toothed, soft, pubescent above, but clothed with roundish, cordate, truncate and obtuse at the apex, toothed, to-
white tomentum beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered ; carpels
;
mentose ; pedicels longer than the petioles ; carpels 9, awnless.
11, truncate and angular at the apex, 3-4-seeded. h. S. Native O.S. Native of St. Domingo. Carpels 1, or perhaps many-
of New Granada. Sìda petiolaris. D. C. prod. 1. p. 478.
seeded. Flowers sulphur-coloured.
Flowers white, the size of those of A. Jacquini.
Truncate-capsuled Abutilon. Pl. 2 feet.
Long leaf-stalked Abutilon. Shrub 4 feet.
67 A. TERMINA'LE (Cav. diss. 1. p. 29. t. 6. and 6. t. 195. f.
59 A. GEMINIFLÒRUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec.
2. under Sida,) leaves ovate, cordate, deeply crenate, tomentose;
amer. 5. p. 274. t. 474.) leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, racemes terminal, elongated, bracteate ; carpels 10-12, awnless,
crenate-serrate, hairy; pedicels axillary, twin, 1-flowered ;
1 villous, capitate, larger than the calyx, 3-seeded. h.S. Native
flowers with 13 styles ; calyxes clothed with rusty tomentum. near Monte-Video, &c. Flowers yellowish, rose-coloured on
4. S. Native of Caraccas. Sida geminiflòra, D. C. prod.
the outside. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 203.
1. p. 470.
Resembles A. sylváticum, but differs in having 4
Terminal-flowered Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
ovulæ in each cell. Flowers from white to yellow.
68 A. AFFI'NE (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 121. under Sida,) shrubby ;
Twin-flowered Abutilon. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
leaves cordate, oblong, crenate-toothed, hoary-tomentose be-
60 A. POPULIFOLIUM (Lam. dict. 1. p. 7. under Sida,) leaves neath; peduncles terminal, corymbose; calyx silky; capsule
roundish, cordate, acuminate, unequally and repandly toothed,
villous, mutic. h. s. Native of Monte Video.
tomentose; peduncles longer than the petioles ; carpels 11-19, Allied Abutilon. Shrub.
3-seeded, truncate, acute, longer than the calyx. 0. s. Native 69 A. PERMÓLLE (Willd. enum. p. 725. under Sida,) leaves
of the East Indies. Beloère, Rheed. mal. 6. t. 45. S. Beloère, roundish, cordate, acuminate, unequally crenate, tomentose;
Lher. stirp. 1. p. 130. S. populifolia, Cav. diss. 1. p. 32. t. peduncles axillary, solitary, upper ones somewhat racemose;

504
.
MALVACEÆ. XXVIII. ABUTILON. XXIX. NUTTALLIA.
Þ.G.
h. s.
ħ
.
carpels 9-10, beaked, almost equal in length with the calyx, 79 A. MOLLI'COMUM (Willd. enum. p. 725. under Sida,) leaves
3-seeded. h.s. Native of? Flowers yellow.
ovate-oblong, cordate, unequally toothed, tricuspidate, clothed
Softest-leaved Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Shrub with very soft tomentum ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ;
7 to 8 feet.
carpels 9, acuminate, inflated. ħ. S. Native? S. sericea,
70 A. GRANDIFLÒRUM ; erect, branched, pubescent ; leaves Cav. descr. p. 164. Flowers yellow. Carpels 2-seeded.
cordate, lobately-toothed, roundish, on very long petioles ; pe- Soft-haired Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 4 ft.
duncles solitary, 1-flowered ; carpels numerous, pubescent. ħ.S. 80 A. VITIFOLIUM (Cav. icon. 5. p. 12. t. 420. under Sida,)
Native of Guinea. Flowers large, yellow.
leaves cordate, 5-7-lobed ; lobes acuminate, serrate, tomentose
Great-flowered Abutilon. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
beneath ; peduncles longer than the petioles, branched, umbellate;
71 A. CORNU'TUM (Willd. enum. p. 724. under Sida,) leaves carpels 9, 6-seeded, each with 2 long awns at the apex.
ovate, cordate, toothed, clothed with soft pubescence on both Native of Chili. Flowers large, rose-coloured.
surfaces; flowers panicled; carpels inflated, horned.
Vine-leaved Abutilon. Shrub 6 feet.
Native of South America. Flowers yellow. Cells of capsule 81 A. ACERIFÒLIUM (Lag. nov. gen. p. 21. under Sida,) leaves
5-6, 3-seeded. This plant belongs to section Oligocárpæ. cordate, somewhat peltate, 3-5-lobed, unequally toothed, villous ;
Horned-capsuled Abutilon. Shrub 10 feet.
pedicels 1-flowered, longer than the petioles ; carpels 10-12, in-
72 A. PUBE'scENs (Cav. diss. 1. p. 33. t. 7. f. 6. under Sìda,) flated, each with 2 awns at the base on the outside. h. S.
pilose; leaves roundish, cordate, acuminate, angularly-crenate, Native of New Spain.
Native of New Spain. S. spínifex, and perhaps S. palmata of
tomentose; pedicels longer than the petioles ; carpels 15, bi- Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. ex D. C. The whole plant is hispid.
dentate, truncate, larger than the calyx, 3-seeded. n. S. Flowers blue.
Native of St. Domingo. Flowers whitish.
Maple-leaved Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
Pubescent Abutilon. Pl. 3 feet.
3 to 6 feet.
73 A. ORBICULA'TUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 471. under Sida,) 82. A. RIGIDUM; erect, branched; leaves oval, obtuse, usually
leaves ovately-orbicular, somewhat kidney-shaped, toothed, hoary acuminated, unequally serrated on short petioles, white beneath
beneath ; pedicels longer than petioles ; carpels 13, younger ones from pubescence; pedicels solitary, 1-flowered, equal in length
tomentose, blunt, adult ones smooth, bidentate. h. G. Native to the leaves. h. S. Native of Guinea.
lowers large,
of China. Flowers yellow ?
yellow. Perhaps a species of Sìda.
Orbicular-leaved Abutilon. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Stif Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
Shrub 3 feet.
83 A. VELUTI'NUM; erect, branched ; leaves ovate, acute,
74 A. I'NDICUM (Lin. spec. 964, under Sida,) leaves cordate, serrated, somewhat cordate at the base, pubescent; peduncles
somewhat lobed, soft; stipulas reflexed; pedicels erect, 3 times solitary, 1-flowered, longer than the leaves. h.s. Native of
longer than the petioles ; carpels 13-15, 3-seeded, scabrous, Guinea. Plant soft from pubescence. Perhaps a Sìda.
longer than the calyx. 0. S. Native of the East Indies. Velvety Abutilon. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
Cav. diss. 1. p. 33. t. 7. f. 10. Abutilon elongatum, Moench. Cult. The species of Abùtilon will thrive well in any light
Flowers yellow.
soil, and cuttings of them will root freely in sand or mould under
Indian Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. Pl. 2 feet. a hand-glass, in heat. Some of the species are rather ornamental
75 A. VESICA'RIUM (Cav. diss, 2. p. 55. t. 14. f. 3. under Sida,) when in flower.
leaves ovate, cordate, toothed, somewhat tricuspidate, white be-
neath ; pedicels twice as long as the petioles ; carpels 10, trun- XXIX. NUTTA’LLIA (in honour of Thomas Nuttall, F.L.S.
cate, awnless, acutish, 5-seeded. h. S. Native of Mexico. professor of mineralogy in the university of New Cambridge,
Flowers yellow,
North America, an acute botanist, author of Genera of North
Bladdery-capsuled Abutilon. Fl. July,
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. American Plants, &c.) Dick's mss. Hook. exot. fl. 3. t. 171.
Shrub 3 feet.
Callirrhoe, Nutt. in journ. acad. n. sc. philad. v. ii.
p.
181.
76 A. GLAU'CUM (Cav. icon. 1. p. 8. t. 11. under Sida,) leaves LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx naked, quin-
roundish, cordate, acuminate, coarsely toothed, clothed with quefid. Anthers numerous. Stigmas numerous, filiform. Car-
soft glaucous tomentum ; lower pedicels shorter than the petioles, pels numerous, 1-seeded, disposed in a ring or whorl around the
upper ones longer; carpels 12-15, obtuse, shorter than the calyx; central axis, not opening spontaneously as in Málva and Althæa.
stem beset with glandular hairs. . S. Native of Senegal. Elegant plants, with pedate leaves, and rather large reddish-
Flowers yellow. Carpels 1-3-seeded.
purple flowers. Roots tuberous, rather fusiform.
Glaucous-leaved Abutilon. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1824. Sh. 3 ft.? 1 N. DIGITA'TA (Dick's mss. Hook. exot. fl. t. 171.) glau-
77 A. A'LBIDUM (Willd. enum. p. 722. under Sida,) leaves cous; leaves subpeltate 6-7-parted, with linear-entire or 2-
roundish, cordate, acuminate, toothed, hoary on both surfaces parted segments, upper ones more simple ; peduncles long, axil-
from soft tomentum ; pedicels length of petioles; carpels 12-15, lary, 1-flowered. 4. H. Native of North America in prairies
truncate, acute, almost equal in length with the calyx. . G. in the Arkansa territory. Callirrhòe digitata, Nutt. 1. c. Sìda
Native of the Canary Islands. Sìda, no. 340. Bory, ess. isl. digitata, Spreng.
fort. Pedicels sometimes shorter, sometimes longer than the Digitate-leaved Nuttallia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. 2 to 3 ft.
petioles. Flowers yellow. Carpels hairy, many-seeded ?
2 N. PEDA'TA (Nutt. mss. Hook. exot. fl. 3. t. 172.) leaves
Whitish-leaved Abutilon. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub lacineately-pedate, upper ones trifid; flowers panicled. 4. H.
2 feet.
Native of North America in prairies in the Arkansa territory.
78 A. CRASSIFÒLIUM (Lher. stirp. 1. p. 125. t. 60. under Sida,) Sìda pedàta, Spreng. This plant differs from the last in the
leaves ovate, cordate, toothed, rather tricuspidate, hoary with panicled inflorescence.
tomentum; pedicels length of petioles ; carpels 9-10, 2-pointed, Pedate-leaved Nuttallia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. 2 to 3 ft.
3-seeded. ñ .s. Native of Hispaniola. S. tricuspidàta, Cav.
.
Cult. These plants deserve to be cultivated in every collec-
icon. p. 30. t. 6. f. 5. Flowers yellow.
tion on account of the elegance of their blossoms. They thrive
Var. B, tomentosum (Cav. descr. 164.) branches 3 or 4-sided. best in peat soil mixed with sand, or vegetable mould. They
Native of America.
may be increased by seeds, or sometimes by dividing the plants
Thick-leaved Abutilon. Shrub 2 feet.
at the root. They require shelter in severe weather..

MALVACEÆ. XXX. LAGUNEA. XXXI. INGENHOUZIA. XXXII. EURYANTHE. BOMBACEÆ.
505
p. 206.
XXX. LAGUNEA (in honour of Andreas Laguna, a recovered this shifting, they may then be placed in the stove
Spanish physician and botanist of the sixteenth century. He or greenhouse, where they will ripen their seed.
translated Dioscorides into Spanish). Cav. diss. 3. p. 173.
D. C. syst. 1. p. 474.-Solándra, Murr. comm. goet. 1784.
Lam. ill. t. 580. but not of Swartz.
XXXII. EURYA'NTHE (from evpus, eurys, wide, and
LIN. SYST. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx naked, 5- avoos, anthos, a flower,) Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnæa. 3.
cleft. Petals 5, spreading, with narrow claws. Anthers inserted
on the sides and top of the tube. Stigmas 5. Capsules 5-celled, 5- LIN. Syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, di-
valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, connected vided nearly to the base. Petals 5, twisted in æstivation. Sta-
with the central filiform permanent axis. This
This genus differs mens indefinite, free; filaments hardly connected at the base,
from Hibiscus as Sida does from Málva. Flowers axillary, unequal ; anthers linear, 2-celled, fixed by the base, opening
solitary.
longitudinally. Ovary superior, egg-shaped, 3-celled, many-
,
1 L. LOBA'TA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 733.) leaves cordate, 3- seeded, fixed to the central column. Style simple, deciduous,
lobed ; lobes oval-oblong, acuminate, toothed, with very nar- terminated by a simple stigma. Fruit 3-celled, 3-valved; valves
row recesses. Ο. Η. Native of the Island of Bourbon. with a disse piment in the middle.—A malvaceous herb, with
Solándra lobàta, Murr. com. goet. 1784. p. 21. t. 1. Triguèra alternate digitately-parted leaves. This genus is allied to Gera-
acerifolia, Cav. diss. 1. p. 41. t. 11. f. last. Lagunæ'a lobàta, Cav. niàceæ, but more closely to Malvàcee, but it differs materially
diss. 5. t. 136. f. 1. Hibiscus Solandra, Lher. stirp. 1. t. 49. in the anthers being 2-celled, a circumstance which excludes it
Flowers truly monopetalous, with a 5-parted limb of a white
from that order as it is now constituted.
colour ; they are disposed in something like a spike at the tops
: 1 E. SCHIEDIA'NA (Cham. et Schlecht. l. c.) O ? 4. G.
of the branches.
Native of Mexico. Stipulas free. Racemes secund. Flowers
Lobed-leaved Lagunea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1787. Pl. 2 ft. large, flame-coloured.
2 L.? TRICOLOR ; pilose; stem erect, simple; leaves lan- Schiede's Euryanthe. Pl. 1 foot.
ceolate, acute, rather cordate at the base. O. S. Native of Cult. This plant will grow in a mixture of loam and sand,
a
Sierra Leone. The corolla is of 5 petals of the same colour as
and it may either be increased by seed, or by cuttings, planted
those of Hibiscus triònum. Perhaps a distinct genus.
under a hand-glass.
Three-coloured-flowered Lagunea. Pl. foot.
3 L. SINUATA (Horn. hafn. 645.) leaves cordate, 3-lobed ;
ORDER XXXI. BOMBA'CEÆ (plants agreeing with Bóm-
lobes oblong, acuminate, toothed, with wide recesses. O. S.
Native of? Perhaps a variety of L. lobàta. L. angulàta, Hortul.
bax, in many important characters,) Kunth, diss, malv.
p.
5.
Flowers purplish-white ?
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 294. D. C. prod. 1. p. 475.
Scolloped-leaved Lagunea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. 2 ft. Calyx naked at the base or involucrated with a few bracteas
4 L. TERNA'TA (Cav. diss. 5. p. 279. t. 136. f. 2. under So-
(f. 87. a.). Sepals 5, joined together into an urceolate-campanu-
lándra,) lower leaves 3-parted; lobes oblong, entire, middle one
very long; upper leaves somewhat halbert-shaped, elongated. regularly imbricated, sometimes somewhat valvately-connate, and
late tube (f. 87. 6.), sometimes truncate at the apex, sometimes ir-
O.S. Native of Senegal. Stem villous.
Ternate-leaved Lagunea. Pl. 1 foot.
bursting laterally; the æstivation is therefore doubtful. Petals
5 L. ACULEA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 173. t. 71. f. 1.) leaves 3- 5, regular (f. 87. c.) or wanting, when present they are usually
parted, with oblong-linear, deeply-toothed lobes; stem prickly, convolute in æstivation, but sometimes imbricate. Stamens 5? 10-
tomentose. O? S. Native of Pondichery. Flowers yellow.
15 or more ; filaments adnate to the base of the tube of the petals,
Stigmas red. Calyx ruptured longitudinally. This plant is
called Cattacacheree by the inhabitants of Pondichery.
but separated into 5 bundles (f. 87. f.); bundles containing 1 or
Prickly Lagunea. Pl. 14 foot.
many anthers, sometimes intermixed with a few sterile threads.
Cult. Not worth cultivating except in botanical gardens. Anthers 1-celled. Ovary of 5, rarely of 10 carpels, sometimes
The seeds require to be sown on a moderate hot-bed, and when
these are nearly distinct, sometimes so closely connected as to ap-
the plants are of sufficient size they should be shifted into other
pots, and then placed in the green-house or planted out in the
pear a single fruit (f. 86. f. f. 87. g.), opening variously. Styles
open border in a sheltered situation.
distinct, more or less connected together. Fruit of various
shapes. Seeds enveloped in wool or pulp, some of them are
without albumen; these have corrugated or convolute cotyle-
XXXI. INGENHOU`ZIA (Ingenhouze, a Mexican bo- dons, but those furnished with albumen have flat cotyledons.
tanist.) Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1.
This order is very closely allied to Malvàceæ, from which per-
LIN. SYST.
Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx naked, 3- haps it is not distinct; it agrees with it in the 1-celled anthers,
parted into ovate-lanceolate, acuminate lobes. Petals 5, with a in the petals being usually convolute, and in habit, but differs
campanulate urceolus on the inside of the petals. Stamens in- from it in the calyx being imbricate, not truly valvate, in the
definite, monadelphous. Style 1. Fruit unknown.
1 I. TRILOBA (Moc. et Sesse, A. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod.
staminiferous tube being divided into 5 bundles or sets at the
1. p. 474.)
8. G. Native of Mexico. Herb resembling in
apex, not monadelphous, as in that order. It comes also near
habit Gossypium. Leaves stalked, 3-lobed ; lobes ovate-lan- to Byttneridceæ and Chlenàceæ in habit, but it is easily distin-
ceolate, acute, entire. Pedicels 1-flowered, opposite the leaves. guished from these two orders in the anthers being 1-celled, not
Flowers yellowish-red.
2-celled.
Three-lobed-leaved Ingenhousia. Pl. 2 feet?
The species are fine tropical trees and shrubs. Some
Cult. The seeds of this plant will require to be raised on a hot-
of them are amongst the largest trees in the world ; Adansonia
bed frame, and when the plants are of sufficient size they should
digitàta, the Baobab of Senegal, or Monkey-bread of the
be separated and planted singly in other pots, and after they have English colonies on the coast of Guinea, has been seen with a
VOL. 1.-PART VI.
3 T
p. 474.

506
BOMBACEÆ. I. HELICTERES.
diameter of 25 feet, although the height is not great, at most 20 12 CHORI'SIA. Calyx campanulate, 2-5-lobed, furnished
or 30 feet high, and specimens of Bombax ceiba, Eriodendron with 3 permanent bracteas at the base. Petals long. Tube of
anfractuosum and Guineensis, and other species are not uncom- stamens double, the interior one slender, round, bearing 10 twin
mon above 100 feet in height. The wood of all the plants con- anthers, outer one short, 10-lobed, sterile, adnate to the interior
tained in this order is soft and light, as in Malvàceæ, from which above the base. Ovary sessile, ovate, 5-celled. Capsule 5-
this order probably does not differ in its medical properties. valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. Leaves compound.
13 Du'rio. Calyx obtusely 5-lobed, girded by a 2-lobed
Synopsis of the Genera.
involucel (f. 87. a. b.). Petals connected at the base. Stamens
1 Heli'cteres. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft. Stamens 5 to 15,
monadelphous, but multifid at the apex. Ovary stipitate. Styles Stigma simple
. Fruit large, round, muricated (f. 87. g.), 5-celled
numerous, pentadelphous. Anthers anfractuous (f. 87. d.).
,
(g-
5, joined at the base. Carpels 5,1-celled, many-seeded, twisted
(f. 87. k.); cells 4-5-seeded, pulpy inside. Leaves simple.
or straight. Leaves simple.
2 MyRO DIA.. Calyx tubular, 4-5-toothed, bursting laterally. ish, and 2 acutish. Anthers anfractuous.
14 OCHRO'MA. Calyx funnel-shaped, hardly 5-cleft, 3 round-
Stigmas 5. Capsule
Column of stamens long. Anthers 10-15. Capsule drupace- long, clothed on the inside with silky wool. Seeds oblong.
ous, 2-3-celled; cells 1-seeded. Leaves simple.
Leaves lobed.
3 PLAGIA'NTHUS. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, 2 of which are
15 CHEIROSTE'MON. Calyx campanulate, 5-parted, decidu-
5
approximate, remote from the rest. Stigma clavate. Berry ?
ous, with 3 bracteas at the base. Petals none. Column of sta-
Leaves simple.
| mens 5-cleft at the apex, bearing 2 linear anthers on the back of
4 MATI'SIA. Calyx irregularly 2-5-toothed, bursting. Co-
each lobe. Capsule oblong, 5-angled, 5-valved ; valves with a
lumn of stamens cleft into 5 at the apex, each division contain-
hairy dissepiment in the middle of each. Seeds carunculate,
ing 12 anthers, all on the outer side. Drupe ovate, 5-celled ;
15-18 in each cell. Albumen fleshy.
Albumen fleshy. Leaves lobed.
cells 1-seeded. Leaves simple.
5 Pourre'TIA. - Calyx 5-parted, campanulate. Column of
stamens 5-cleft at the apex. Capsule coriaceous, membra- I. HELI'CTERES (from éĘ helix, a screw ; carpels twisted
nous, 5-winged, 1-celled, indehiscent, cell 1-seeded. Leaves together in a spiral manner). Lin. gen. no. 1024. D. C. prod.
entire.
1. p. 474.).
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Penta-Decandria. Calyx tubular,
6 MONTEZUMA. Calyx hemispherical, truncate, sinuately- somewhat 5-toothed. Petals 5, ligulate, unguiculate, a little
toothed. Stamens numerous, twisted around the style, mona- toothed at the apex. Stamens 5-10-15, monadelphous, with
delphous, with 5 distinct furrows. Capsule globose, 4-5-celled ; the urceolus multifid at the apex, intermixed with sterile hairs.
cells many-seeded. Leaves entire.
Ovary on a long stalk. Styles 5, joined at the base. Carpels
5, 1-celled, many-seeded, opening on the inside, generally regu-
7 Ophe'lus. Calyx 5-cleft ; lobes acute, reflexed. Stamens
larly twisted together screw-wise, seldom straight. Seeds with-
numerous, joined into a tube at the base, somewhat reflexed at
out albumen. Cotyledons spirally convolute. Shrubs and
the apex. Stigma multifid. Capsule woody, oblong-ovate, 12- trees, usually clothed with stellate tomentum, with simple, un-
celled, many-seeded. Leaves entire.
equally-cordate leaves and few-flowered axillary peduncles.
8 ADANSO'NIA. Calyx 5-parted, deciduous. Urceolus of the
stamens dilated and expanded at the apex. Stigmas numerous. SECT. I. SPIROCARPÆ'A (from Otelpa, speira, a spire, and
Capsule woody, indehiscent, 10-celled, many-seeded, full of fari- Kaptos, karpos, a fruit ; in allusion to the carpels being twisted
naceous pulp. Leaves compound.
together in a spiral manner). D. C. prod. 1. p. 475. Carpels
9 CAROLINEA. Calyx tubular, somewhat truncate, perma-
twisted together, constituting a spiral, 5-furrowed, oblong, or
ovate fruit.
nent. Petals very long. Stamens monadelphous at the base, but
.
1 H. Isòra (Lin. spec. 1366.) leaves cordate, ovate, serrate-
divided into many 12-24-anthered bundles at the top. Stigmas toothed, acuminate, scabrous, tomentose beneath ; flowers axil-
5. Capsule woody, many-valved, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds lary, decandrous; fruit cylindrical, somewhat velvety, awl-
enveloped in aril. Leaves compound. (f. 86.).
shaped at the apex. n. S. Native of Malabar and the
10 Bo'mBAX. Calyx subquinquefid or truncate. Petals con-
Moluccas. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2681.-Pluk. alm. t. 245. f. 2.
-Rump. amb. 7. t. 17. f. 1.-Rheed. mal. 6. p. 55. t. 30. H.
nected together, and with the staminiferous column at the base. Jamaicénsis, Lam. dict. 3. p. 87. Leaves like those of the
Stamens numerous, sometimes purely monadelphous, sometimes Hazel. Petals obovate, yellow. This plant is called Isóra-murri.
divided into 5 bundles at the apex; filaments free. Capsule by the inhabitants of Malabar.
large and long, 5-celled, 5-valved ; cells many-seeded. Seeds
Isora Screw-tree. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1733. Shrub 12 ft.
2 H. RoXBU'RGHII; leaves broad, obovate-roundish, acumin-
albuminous, enwrapped in wool. Leaves compound.
ated, toothed, tomentose beneath as well as the branches ; pedi-
11 ERIODE'NDRON. Calyx obtusely 5-lobed.
Petals con-
cels 2-3 together, short, axillary; petals reflexed.
h. S.
nected together, and with the staminiferous column at the base. Native of the East Indies. H. Isòra, Roxb. but not of Lin.
Stamens numerous, connected at the base in a short column, but
Flowers red. Peduncles twin, very short, bearing 2-3 pedicels.
divided into 5 bundles at the apex; bundles connected to the
Roxburgh's Screw-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
3 H. OVA'TA (Lam. St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 273.) decandrous;
top, filiform, each bearing 2 or 3 anthers at the
apex,
linear or
leaves ovate or subcordate, with a short acumen, biserrate-
anfractuous, appearing like 1 anther. Leaves compound. toothed, dotted above from stellate down, but covered with
.
1

BOMBACE. 1. HELICTERES.
507
-
-
a
a
white tomentum beneath ; petals exceeding the calyx; column the apex, red. Calyx velvety. Genitals scarcely twice as long
of stamens exserted ; carpels twisted. h.S. Native of Brazil. as the corolla.
H. Braziliensis, Mik, fasc. 4. H. corylifòlia, Nees. et Mart. Mexican Screw-tree. Shrub 10 feet.
nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 44. Peduncles 2-3-flowered. Petals 11 H. JAMAICE'NSIS (Jacq. amer. 235. t. 179. f. 99.) decan-
yellowish-green at the base, but intensely red at the apex.
.
drous; leaves cordate, crenate, clothed with velvety down on
Ovate-leaved Screw-tree. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
both surfaces; flowers somewhat terminal, few, corymbose;
4 H. BREVISPÈRA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 274. t. 54.) decan- fruit ovate, densely clothed with down. h. S.
h
Native of
drous ; leaves ovate, acute, somewhat cordate at the base, bi- Jamaica and St. Thomas. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 143.-Pluk. alm.
serrate-toothed, velvety-tomentose; limbs of petals broadish, 182. t. 245. f. 3.-Sloan. jam. 97. hist. 1. p. 22. Calyx green-
reflexed, twice the length of the calyx; column of stamens ex- ish-yellow. Petals white. Tube of stamens very long.
serted ; carpels short, twisted. h.S. Native of Brazil in the Jamaica Screw-tree. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. Sh. 12 ft.
provinces of Minas Geraes and Minas Novas. Peduncles 2- 12 H. VERBASCIFÒLIA (Link. enum. 2. p. 200.) leaves cordate-
flowered, equal in length to the petioles. Petals at first yellow, acuminate, serrated, downy, green; peduncles axillary, few-
with a red spot at the base of each, at length becoming intensely flowered ; fruit-stalk very long. h. S. Native of Brazil.
scarlet.
Lodd. bot. cab. t. 504. Ker, bot. reg. t. 903. Corolla red.
Short-spired-carpelled Screw-tree. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Mullein-leaved Screw-tree. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. 8 ft.
5 H. BARUE'NSIS (Lin. mant. 122) decandrous ; leaves cor- 13 H. FERRUGINA'TA (Link. enum. 2. p. 199.) leaves cor-
date, sharply-serrated, tomentose beneath : peduncles 2-flowered; date, lanceolate, crenulate, downy, rusty beneath ; flowers ter-
calyx somewhat 2-lipped ; carpels cylindrical, somewhat velvety, minal, somewhat racemose ; fruit-stalk very long. h. S.
s
awl-shaped at top. h.s. Native of the Island of Baruco and Native of Brazil. Corolla yellowish.
the Isthmus of Panama, in woods by the sea-side. Jacq. amer. Rusty-leaved Screw-tree. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub
236. t. 149. Lobes of calyx 5, irregularly joined into two lips.
8 feet.
Petals linear, white. Calyx greenish-yellow. The bark of the 14 H. PENTA'NDRA (Lin. mant. 294.) pentandrous ; leaves
trunk and principal branches being easily peeled off and very ovate, floral ones coloured. h. S. Native of Surinam. Calyx
tough, is used instead of ropes.
hispid, with bristly hairs.
Var. B, ovata (D. C. prod. 1. p. 475.) leaves ovate, scarcely Pentandrous Screw-tree. Shrub.
-
cordate, obtuse, toothed, tomentose beneath. h.S. Native?
Perhaps a distinct species.
SECT. II. ORTHOCARPÆ'A (from ophos, orthos, straight, and
Baruco Screw-tree. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1739. Sh. 12 ft. Kaptos, karpos, a fruit; because the carpels are straight, not
6 H. GUAZUMÆFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. twisted as in the preceding section). D. C. prod. 1. p. 476.
304.) decandrous ; leaves obsoletely-cordate, somewhat ovate, Carpels straight, approximate, not twisted together into a spire
unequal-sided, acuminate, serrate, hairy above, white from down nor radiating
beneath ; peduncles 2-flowered; calyx 5-lobed ; petals spatulate. 15 H. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 1366.) decandrous ; leaves
h.S. Native on the banks of the river Orinoco and near lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, white and downy beneath
Caripe in Cumana. Resembles H. Baruénsis. Flowers red. pedicels many-flowered. n.G. Native of China about Can-
Guazuma-leaved Screw-tree. Fl.? Clt. 1820. Shrub 8 ft. ton. Obs. itin. p. 232. t. 5. Lour. coch. 530. Flowers pale-
7 H. GREWIÆFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 476.) decandrous; purple. Carpeis clothed with stellate tomentum.
$
leaves ovate, scarcely cordate at the base, acute, unequally and Narrow-leaved Screw-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
doubly serrate, downy on both surfaces; carpels cylindrical, some- 16 H. HIRSU'TA (Lour. coch. 530.) decandrous; leaves ovate-
what velvety, awl-shaped at the apex. N.S. Native of the oblong, cordate, acuminate, doubly serrate, tomentose; pedun-
Island of Timor. Petals oblong with long claws. Fruit like cles many-flowered; fruit oblong, very hairy. h. G. Native
that of H. Baruénsis, but more slender.
of Cochin-china in woods. Willd. spec. 3. p. 721. Flowers
Grewia-leaved Screw-tree. Fl. June, July. Shrub 6 feet. pale-purple, in axillary, solitary, or crowded racemes.
8 H. MACROPE'TALA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 275.) decandrous; Hairy Screw-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
leaves ovate, acuminated, biserrate-toothed, nearly smooth; 17 H. viscida (Blum. bijdr. ex. Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 653.)
.
limb of petals broad, reflexed, covering the calyx, which is decandrous ; leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated, unequally
nearly 3-times shorter ; column of stamens greatly exserted ; serrated, somewhat 3-lobed, clothed with stellate-pubescence
carpels spirally twisted. h.S. Native of Brazil in the pro- above, but with stellate viscid villi beneath ; peduncles axillary,
,
vince of Minas Novas. Branches clothed with stellate hairs. many-flowered, reflexed; petals spatulate ; fruit oblong, hairy.
Petals smooth.
h.S. Native of Java. Flowers red ?
Long-petalled Screw-tree. Fl. June. Tree 12 to 15 feet. Viscid Screw-tree. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
9 H. SARCARO'LHA (St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. no. 64. fl
. bras. 1. 18 H. JAVE'NSIS (Blum. bijdr. ex. Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p.
p. 276.) leaves roundish-ovate or ovate, acute, slightly cordate, 653.) decandrous ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate,
serrate-toothed, clothed with brown tomentum ; petals narrow, rounded at the base, subcordate, densely and obtusely serru-
hardly higher than the calyx; column of stamens twice that
column of stamens twice that lated, smooth above, but glaucous beneath, and are as well as
length ; carpels twisted. h. s. Native of Brazil. A decoction the branches clothed with stellate down; peduncles axillary,
of the roots of this shrub is used by the inhabitants of the Bra- twin, opposite, the leaves umbellately many-flowered.
zils, especially in the provinces of the mines, in syphilitic com- Native of Java. Flowers probably red.
plaints, where they call it sarcarolha. Corolla vermillion.
Java Screw-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Sarcarolha Screw-tree. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
19 H. SPICA'TA (Colebr. mss. in herb. Lamb.) villous; leaves
10 H. MEXICA'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. oblong, acuminated, serrated; peduncles axillary, twin, spi-
305.) decandrous ; leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, unequally ser- cately-racemose ; column of stamens short ; carpels straight.
rate, soft
, and pubescent above, hoary from down beneath ; calyx h. $. Native of the East Indies. Flowers red.
h.S.
acutely 5-toothed ; fruit ovate, somewhat velvety. h.s. Na- Spiked-flowered Screw-tree. Shrub 10 feet.
tive of Mexico between Mazatlan and Chilpancingo. H. rubra, 20 H. PRONIFLÒRA (Rich. act. soc. n. h. par. p. 111.) hex-
h.
Moc. et Sesse, f. mex. ic. ined. Petals unequal, spatulate at androus ; leaves cordate, oval, unequal-sided, unequally serrated,
.
h. S.
3 T 2

508
BOMBACEÆ. I. HELICTERES. II. MYRODIA. III. PLAGIANTHUS. IV. MATISIA.
.
acuminate, hairy on the nerves and petioles, beneath as well as Sect. I. EUMYRÒDIA (from ev, eu, well, and myròdia ; genuine
branches; spikes short, axillary, 3-4-flowered. h. S.
h. S. Native species of Myròdia). D. C. prod. 1. p. 477.
477. Anthers all
of Cayenne. Flowers scarlet.
placed on the top of the staminiferous tube. .
Inclining-flowered Screw-tree. Fl. June, July. Shrub 6 ft. 1 M. TURBINA'TA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1227.) leaves
21 H. Carthagene'nsis (Lin. spec. 1366.) polyandrous; ovate-oblong ; calyx turbinate ; staminiferous tube shorter
leaves cordate, serrated, tomentose on both surfaces; flowers than the petals ; branches sparing. Đ.S. Native of the Ca-
almost sessile, somewhat corymbose ; fruit oblong. h. S. ribbee Islands on the banks of torrents, and of Mexico. M.
Native in the woods of Carthagena. Flowers fetid, purple. ovata, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers white.
Carthagena Screw-tree. Shrub 12 feet.
Turbinate-calyxed Myrodia. Fl. ? Clt. 1793. Shrub 8 ft.
22 H. SUNDA'ICA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrated, acu- 2 M. VERTICILLA'RIS (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D.C.
minated, tomentose beneath ; peduncles twin or solitary, axil- prod. 1. p. 477.) leaves oblong, acuminate at both ends ; calyx
lary, racemose, few-flowered; fruit echinated; column of stamens turbinate, irregularly scolloped; column of stamens rather shorter
very short. Ñ .S. Native of the Straits of Sunda. (herb. Lamb. than the petals; floriferous branches whorled. h.S. Native of
v. s.) Carpels apparently joined into the single fruit.
Mexico. Flowers white.
Sunda Screw-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Whorled-branched Myrodia. Fl.? Shrub 6 feet?
23 H. VIRGA'TA (Wall. mss. in herb. Lamb.) leaves lanceo- 3 M. PENDULIFLÓRA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 269. t. 53. A.)
late, obtuse, mucronate, quite entire, tomentose beneath, smooth leaves obovate, obtusely acuminated on short petioles; pedun-
and green above; peduncles terminal and axillary, twin or tern cles slender, drooping, many-times longer than the petiole.
2-4-flowered; column of stamens short ; carpels hispid. h. S. h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro.
Native of the East Indies. Flowers red.
Pendulous-flowered Myrodia. Fl. Sept. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Twiggy Screw-tree. Shrub 6-feet.
24 H. OBLONGA (Wall. in Lin. soc. herb.) leaves oblong, ser- Sect. II. QUARARI'BEA (Quararibe is the name of the tree
rated, rather rough from stellate pili; obliquely cordate at the in Guiana). D. C. prod. 1. p. 477. Anthers scattered along
base ; peduncles extra-axillary, 2-flowered ; carpels very rough, the staminiferous column. Corolla twisted in æstivation, not
awl-shaped at the apex. h.S. Native of Pulo-Pinang.
imbricate as in the first section.
Oblong-leaved Screw-tree. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
4 M. LONGIFLÒRA (Swartz, Al. ind. occ. 2. p. 1229.) leaves
25 H. LANCEOLA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 476.) leaves lanceo- lanceolate-oblong ; calyx cylindrical; column of stamens longer
late, acuminate at both ends, hoary beneath; flowers axillary, than the petals. n. S. Native of Guiana on the banks of
disposed in short racemose panicles; petals linear, exceeding rivers. Quararíbea Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. P.
962. t. 278.
the genitals in length, bidentate at the base of the limb. n. S. Cav. diss. 3. t. 71. f. 2. Flowers white. The bark of this
Native of the East Indies. A
very
distinct species.
tree being filamentose is used in Guiana for making lines.
Lanceolate-leaved Screw-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Long-flowered Myrodia. Fl. May. Shrub 6 feet.
Cult. A light rich soil suits the species of this genus best ;
† Species not sufficiently known.
and half-ripened cuttings taken off at a joint root readily in sand
26 H. SEMITRI'LOBA (Bert. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 476.) under a hand-glass, placed in heat.
.
leaves somewhat cordate, broad-ovate, somewhat 3-lobed, cre-
nate-toothed, smooth above, hoary-velvety beneath, 5-nerved,
III. PLAGIA'NTHUS (from Taylos, plagios, oblique or
reticulated ; flowers terminal, corymbose.
corymbose. h . S. Native of
lateral, avdos, anthos, a flower; because two of the petals are
St. Domingo. Fruit unknown.
remote from the rest, which causes the flower to have an ob-
Half-three-lobed Screw-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
27 H.? UNDULA'TA (Lour. cochin. 531.) leaves lanceolate,
lique appearance). Forst. gen. t. 43.
t. 43. D. C. prod. 1. p. 477.
LIN. SYST.
waved; flowers usually terminal, crowded ; fruit straight, stel-
Monadélphia, Polyandria. Calyx naked, 5-
cleft. Petals 5, ovate, two of which are approximate and re-
lately disposed. h. G.
h. G. Native of Cochin-china in woods.
mote from the others. Stigma club-shaped. Berry ? A
Flowers greenish red. Perhaps a species of Stercàlia.
branched shrub with narrow, fascicled leaves, and solitary, l-
Waved-leaved Screw-tree. Tree 25 feet.
flowered pedicels.
28 H ? PANICULA'TA (Lour. cochin. 531.) leaves ovate, entire,
acute; flowers subterminal, loosely panicled ; carpels straight,
1 P. DIVARICA'TUS (Forst. 1. c.). h. H. Native of New
stellately-spreading. Þ.G. Native of Cochin-china. Perhaps linear. Flowers solitary, small, reddish ?
Zealand. Branches divaricating. Leaves small, in bundles,
.
a species of Sterculia. Corolla reddish, spreading.
Panicled Screw-tree. Tree 40 feet.
Divaricating-branched Plagianthus. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1820. Shrub 8 feet.
Cult. Shrubs or trees of little beauty. They are free
Cult. This shrub will stand our winters well if planted in a
flowerers, and thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat. Cut-
tings taken off at a joint root freely in sand under a hand-glass.
sheltered situation ; young cuttings will root freely in sand under
a hand-glass.
Seeds are easily transported in a living state from the places of
their natural growth.
IV. MATI'SIA (in memory of M. Matis, an artist attached
II. MYRO'DIA (from uvpov, myron, myrrh, perfume, and to the botanical expedition of Humboldt in New Granada).
oðun, odme, scent. Myròdia turbinata exhales an agreeable H. B. pl. æquin. 1. t. 2. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 306. D. C. prod.
perfume). Screb. gen. no. 1147. D. C. prod. 1. . p. 477.
1. p. 477.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx naked, tubu- LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Polyandria. Calyx naked, irre-
lar, 3-5-toothed, ruptured at the side. Petals oblong-linear.
Petals oblong-linear. gularly 2-5-toothed, ruptured at the side, permanent. Petals
Column of stamens long, 5-toothed. Anthers 10-15. Stigmas ovate. Column of stamens 5-cleft at the apex, with 12 anthers
2-lobed. Capsules drupaceous, 2-3-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Al-
;
on each lobe or division, all leaning to the outer side. Stigma
bumen wanting. Bracteoles 2-3 on each pedicel. Shrubs with 5-furrowed. Drupe ovate, 5-celled; cells 1-seeded. Albumen
simple entire leaves, and axillary or lateral, solitary, white mealy? Cotyledons wrinkled.
flowers.
1 M. CORDA'TA (H. B. I. c.). h.S. Native of New Granada
.

BOMBACEÆ. V. POURRETIA. VI. Montezuma. VII. OPHELUS. VIII. ADANSONIA.
509
-
and the warmer parts of Peru. A tall tree with stalked, cor-
.
1 O. SITULA'RIUS (Lour. 1. c.). . G. Native of the eastern
date, 7-nerved, entire, smooth leaves; and drooping, aggregate coast of Africa by the sea-shore. Adansonia sítula, Spreng.
bundles of flowers, which are rose-coloured on the inside and syst. 3. p. 124. Leaves scattered, oblong, quite entire, smooth,
silky on the outside, rising from the sides of the branches. stalked. Flowers white, solitary, terminal, 3 inches in diameter.
Cordate-leaved Matisia. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
The fruit is large and woody; it has a lid which is easily
Cult. A light rich soil will suit this tree well, and half-ripened separated, and when cleared from the pulp and seed is used in
cuttings taken off at a joint and planted in sand under a hand- Cochin-china for holding water or any liquor.
glass will root freely, if placed in heat.
Bucket Ophelus. Tree 40 feet.
Cult. Require the same treatment as Adansònia, both in
V. POURRETIA (in honour of Abbe Pourret, a French cultivation and propagation.
botanist who travelled in Spain ; author of several botanical
papers in the Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Toulouse).
Willd. spec. 3. p. 844. D. C. prod. 1. p. 477. Cavanillèsia, VIII. ADANSO'NIA (in honour of Michael Adanson, a
Ruiz, et Pav. fl. per. p. 26.
French botanist and traveller at Senegal, author of Voyage de
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx
Calyx naked, 5- Senegal and Famille des Plantes, died 1727). Lin. gen. no. 836.
parted, campanulate, permanent. Petals 5. Stamens joined in D. C. prod. 1. p. 478.
a cylinder at the base but divided into 5 bundles at the top. LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx naked, deci-
Lin
Stigma capitate. Capsules l-celled, indehiscent, somewhat
indehiscent, somewhat duous, 5-parted.
duous, 5-parted. Petals 5, joined almost to the middle. Ur-
coriaceous, with 5 large, leafy wings ; cells 1-seeded, many, ceolus of stamens expanded at the top. Style very long
usually abortive. Cotyledons twisted, chrysalus-like. Corr. Stigmas many, stellate. Capsules indehiscent, woody, 10-celled ;
ann. mus. 9. p. 293. t. 26. Trees with 5-7-lobed deciduous cells many-seeded, filled with farinaceous pulp about the seeds.
leaves, and umbels of flowers rising before the leaves.
A spreading tree with a thick spongy trunk, palmate leaves,
1 P. ARBÒREA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 844.) leaves cordate. ħ.s. with 3 leaflets in the young plants, but 5-7 on the adult ones,
Native of Peru on the Andes. Cavanillèsia umbellata, Ruiz. and large, white flowers with purplish anthers, on long axillary
et Pav. prod. p. 97. t. 20. A tree with a thick trunk bulging solitary pedicels.
out in the middle; wood spongy. Flowers umbellate, red, very 1 A. DIGITA'TA (Lin. spec. 960.). ħ.s. Native of the western
fugacious.
coast of Africa. Cav. diss. 5. p. 298. t. 15. Lam. ill. t. 588.
Tree Pourretia. Tree 40 feet.
.
.
Hook, bot. mag. t. 2791 and 2792. A. Baobáb, Gært. fr. 2.
2 P. PLATANIFOLIA (H. B. pl. æquin. 2. p. 162. t. 133.) p. 253. t. 135.-Baobáb. Alp. ægyp. 66. t. 67.
leaves somewhat peltate, 5-7-lobed. h. S.
Native in the This tree is called in many parts on the western coast of
province of Carthagena. Cavanillèsia platanifòlia, H. B. et Africa Monkey-bread, Sour-gourd, and Bahobab in Egypt. It
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 306. Petals flesh-coloured, clothed is considered the largest or rather the broadest tree in the
with rusty down on the outside.
down on the outside. Flowers in umbels.
world. Several trees measured by M. Adanson were from 65
Plane-tree-leaved Pourretia. Tree 60 feet.
to 78 feet in circumference, but very low in proportion. The
Cult. The species of this genus will thrive well in a mixture trunks were from 12 to 15 feet high before they divided into
of loam and peat; the cuttings should not be too ripe and they many horizontal branches, which touched the ground at their
should be taken off at a joint ; they will then root freely in extremities; these were from 45 to 55 feet long, and were so
sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
large, that each branch was equal to a monstrous tree ; and where
the water of a neighbouring river had washed away the earth,
VI. MONTEZUMA (in honour of Montezuma, once sove-
so as to leave the roots of one of these trees bare and open to
reign of Mexico). Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined. D.C. the sight, they measured 110 feet long, without including those
prod. 1. p. 477.
parts of the roots which remained covered. Adanson calcu-
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyandria. Calyx naked, he-
lates as follows. That a tree of
mispherical, truncate, sinuately-toothed. Petals 5, somewhat 1 year old is 11 inch in diameter and 5 inches in height.
20
sinuated, large. Stamens indefinite, spirally twisted about the
do. 1 foot do. 15 feet. do.
style, in a long column which has 5 somewhat distinct furrows.
30 do. 2 do. do.
do.
Style ending in a club-shaped ligulate stigma. Berry globose,
100 do. 4 do.
do. 29
do.
4-5-celled; cells many-seeded. A large spreading tree.
1000 do. 14 do.
do.
do.
1 M. SPECIOSÍSSIMA (Moc. et Sesse, f. mex. icon. ined. D. C.
2400 do. 18 do.
do. 64 - do.
5150
prod. 1. p. 477.). h.S. Native of Mexico. Leaves smooth,
do. 30 do.
do. 73 - do.
heart-shaped, acute, entire, stalked. Pedicels 1-flowered, rising The tree arrives at a great age, whence it has been called arbre
from the branches beneath the leaves. Flowers large, of a
de mille ans, and whence too Humboldt has been led to speak
purplish-scarlet colour.
of it as the “oldest organic monument of our planet.” The tree
Very-shewy Montezuma. Cit. 1827. Tree 40 feet.
yields a fruit which resembles a gourd, and which serves for
Cult. This very shewy tree will thrive well in a mixture of
vessels of various uses; the bark furnishes a coarse thread
loam and peat, and cuttings, not too ripe, taken off at a joint, will
which they form into ropes, and into a cloth, with which the
root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
natives cover their middle from the girdle to the knees; the
small leaves supply them with food in a time of scarcity, while
VII. OPHE'LUS (from opelos, ophelos, use; in allusion the large ones are used for covering their houses. The dried
to the economical use of the fruit in Cochin-china). Lour. coch. leaves, reduced to a powder, constitute halo, a favourite article
p. 412. D. C. prod. 1. p. 478.
with the natives of the eastern coast of Africa, and which they
Monadélphia, Polyandria. Calyx naked, 5-
.
mix daily with their food, for the purpose of diminishing the
cleft; lobes acute, spreading, reflexed. Petals 5, thick.
5, Sta- excess of perspiration occasioned by the heat of those climates;
mens indefinite, joined at the base into a tube, somewhat reflexed even Europeans find it serviceable in cases of diarrhoea, fevers,
at the top. Stigma multifid. Berry woody, oblong-ovate, 12- and other diseases. At Sierra Leone this tree does not grow
celled, many-seeded. This tree is nearly allied to Adansònia. larger than a common apple-tree. The wood is spongy, soft,
a
22
58
a
LIN. SYST.

510
BOMBACEÆ. IX. CAROLINEA.
t
and light, and is of no use as timber. In Abyssinia the wild purple. Perhaps Pachìra nítida of H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
bees perforate it for the purpose of lodging their honey in the amer. 5. p. 302?
5
The fruit is eaten, but very flatulent when
holes, which honey is reckoned the best in the country. On the taken raw in any quantity (f. 86.).
eastern coast of Africa the tree is liable to the attack of a Princely Carolinea. Fl. Sep. Clt. 1787. Shrub 10 feet.
species of fungus, which vegetates in the woody part, and which, 2 C. AFFI'NIS (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 85.) peduncles 3-times
without changing its colour or appearance, destroys life, and longer than the cylindrical, coriaceous, thick calyx, which has 5
renders the part so attacked very soft. Such trunks as have been glands at the base ; petals erect; tube of stamens much longer
so attacked are hollowed out into chambers, and within them are than the calyx ; anthers linear, fixed above the base ; style to-
suspended the dead bodies of those who are refused the honour mentose at the base. n. S. Native of Para on the margins
of burial. There they become mummies perfectly dry and of canals and banks of rivers. Leaves not known. Flowers
well preserved, without any farther preparation or embalmment, brownish-green on the outside, but whitish within.
and are known by the name of guiriots. The farinaceous pulp Allied Carolinea. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
enveloping the seeds tastes somewhat like gingerbread, and is 3 C. FASTUO'SA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C.
eaten with or without sugar by the natives. At Bangole it prod. 1. p. 478.) leaflets 5, obovate, obtuse ; calyx truncate,
forms the principal part of the food of the natives, who quite entire; petals turned back on the calyx. h. s. Native
h.S.
season many of their dishes with it, especially a kind of gruel of New Spain in moderately warm places. Xilóxochitl flòre
made of corn called rooy. It was the chief support of Major capillàceo, Hern. mex. 68. icon. Flowers blood-coloured.
Pedley's expedition for 10 or 12 days. The juice, expressed and Stamens monadelphous, not polyadelphous as in the figure.
mixed with sugar or a syrup made of it, is used in putrid Leaflets emarginate at the apex, sometimes purplish.
and pestilential fevers. At Cairo they reduce the pulp to a Disdainful Carolinea. Shrub 12 feet.
powder, and use it in these disorders, in the lientery, dysentery, 4 C. INSI’GNIS (Swartz, fi. ind. occ. 2. p. 1202.) leaflets 5-7,
and all sorts of fluxes. Owing to these circumstances, the fruit obovate-oblong; calyx sinuated, smooth ; petals erect, spreading
forms an article of commerce. The Mandingos carry it to the at the top; anthers oblong, incumbent; ovary tomentose. h. S.
eastern and more southern parts of Africa, and through the Native of Martinique, Tobago, and other West India islands ;
medium of the Arabs it reaches Morocco and even Egypt. If also on the main land of South America, especially in Guiana,
,
the fruit is decayed or injured it is burned ; the leys are boiled Cayenne, Brazil, and Vera Cruz. Lodd. bot. cab. 1004. Bóm-
with rancid palm-oil, and the negroes use it instead of soap. bax grandiflòrum, Cav. diss. 5. p. 295. t. 154. Flowers long,
Digitate-leaved Adansonia, Monkey-bread-tree, or Ethiopian of a pale-red colour, downy without and smooth within. An-
Sour-gourd. Fl Nov. Clt. 1724. Tree 30 feet.
FI
thers white. Style red.
Cult. A rich loamy soil suits this tree well; and large, Shewy-flowered Carolinea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1796. Tree
ripened cuttings will root in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, in 60 feet.
a moist heat.
5 C. ARENA'RIA; leaves ? flowers 4 inches long; tube of
stamens near an inch and a half, smooth; anthers trochleately-
IX. CAROLI'NEA (in honour of Sophia Caroline, Mar- arcuate or spiral. h.s. Native of Brazil in the province of
chioness of Baden, a name which will be always dear to bota- Minas Novas. Pachira arenària, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 261.
nists). Lin. fil. suppl. p. 51 and 314. D. C. prod. 1. p. 478.
.
. Calyx long, cup-shaped, truncately 5-toothed, smooth, with a
-Pachira, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 725.
whorl of glands at the base. Petals narrow, ligulate, velvety-
LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyándria Calyx naked, cup- tomentose on both sides, brownish-green without, and white
shaped, truncate, permanent. Petals 5, ligulate, and very long. within. Filaments twin, smooth, red ; anthers adhering by their
Stamens monadelphous at the base, divided at the top into 5 or middle, as in C. marginàta.
more many-anthered bundles; filaments forked, each fork bear- Sand Carolinea. Fl. May.
Fl. May. Shrub 7 to 8 feet.
ing two anthers, one on each filament. Style very long. Stigmas 6 C. TOMENTÒSA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 85. t. 56.) leaflets 8-9,
5, spreading. Capsules woody, 5-valved, 5-celled, with a disse- obovate, obtuse, coriaceous, tomentosely hairy; peduncles to-
piment in the middle of each valve, but it is sometimes so narrow mentose, equal in length to the coriaceous, urceolate calyx,
as to make the fruit appear 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds cover- which has many glands at the base ; petals erect; tube of stamens
ed with a kind of fleshy aril, and sometimes with silky wool. length of calyx ; anthers oblong; style smooth. h. S. Native
Cotyledons according to the younger Lin, are plaited. — Trees of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. A small tree, with
with palmate compound leaves and large showy flowers, which axillary, terminal, solitary flowers. Petals reflexed at the apex,
are solitary in the axillæ of the
upper
leaves.
covered with brownish tomentum on the outside, but white
1 C. PRI'NCEPS (Lin. fil. suppl.
FIG. 86.
within. Filaments 5, forked or simple ; anthers rose-coloured.
314.) leaflets 5-8, ovate-lanceo-
Tomentose Carolinea. Fl. Feb. Tree 10 to 15 feet.
late, acuminate, smooth; pedun-
7 C. LONGIFLÓRA (Mart. A. bras. 1. p. 86.) peduncles twice
cles equal with the membranous
the length of the campanulate, coriaceous calyx ; petals spread-
campanulate calyx, which has 5
ingly reflexed; tube of stamens 3-times longer than the calyx ;
glands at the base; petals recurv-
anthers kidney-shaped, fixed by the middle; style smooth. h.
ed at the apex; tube of stamens
S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes at the
much longer than the calyx. h.
height of 1600 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers of a
S. Native of Guiana, Trinidad,
greenish-olive colour on the outside, but white within, wholly
and Brazil, in places saturated
tomentose.
with sea water. Pachìra aquática,
Long-flowered Carolinea. Shrub 10 to 15 feet.
Aubl. guian. 2. p. 725. t. 291 and
8 C. MACRA'NTHA ; leaves ? flowers a foot and a half long;
292. Cav. diss. 3. p. 176. t. 72.
tube of stamens 2 inches, smooth ; anthers circinnately-troch-
f. 1. Lam. ill. t. 589. Flowers
leate. h.s. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes
large and very shewy. Petals yel-
about Retiro. Pachira macrántha, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 261.
low at the top, and greenish at the
Calyx long, cup-shaped, truncately entire. Petals long, narrow,
base. Filaments red. Anthers
ligulate, velvety-tomentose on the outside, or greenish-brown,
.

BOMBACEÆ. IX. CAROLINEA. X. BOMBAX.
511
X
smooth and reddish within on the lower part, but silky and Native of South America, Jamaica, &c. &c. B. quinàtum,
whitish on the upper part.
Filaments in pairs. This species Jacq. amer. 192. t. 176. f. 1. Flowers large, pale-red. This is
comes near C. insignis.
a very large tree; it is called Ceiba in some parts of South
Large-flowered Carolinea. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
America. The wood is very light, and not much valued except
9 C. MÌNOR (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1412.) leaflets 7, elliptical- for making canoes. Their trunks are so large, as when hol-
oblong, acute at both ends ; calyx truncate ; petals erect.
H.S.
lowed to make very large ones.
In Columbus's first voyage it
Native of Mexico and Guiana. C. pompális, Moc. et Sesse, fl. was related, that a canoe was seen at the island of Cuba made of
mex.icon. ined. Bombax Carolinioides, Donn, cant. 156. Petals one of these trees, which was 95 palms long, of a proportionable
green.
Filaments red. Anthers yellow. Pedicels longer than width, and capable of containing 150 men; and some writers
the calyx, but in the figure of the fl. mex. much shorter than have affirmed that there are trees of the silk-cotton growing in
that in the bot. mag.
the West Indies, so large as not to be fathomed by 16 men, and
Smaller Carolinea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1798. Shrub 10 ft. so tall that an arrow cannot be shot to their tops. The canoes
10 C. CAMPE'STRIS (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 86.) leaflets 3-5, ob- now made in the West Indies from this tree frequently carry
ovate-oblong, bluntish, smooth on both surfaces ; peduncles from 15 to 20 hogsheads of sugar from six to twelve hundred
equal in length to the calyx, with many glands at the base ; tube weight each, the average about twenty-five tons burden. When
of stamens shorter than the calyx; anthers erect, kidney-shaped ; sawn into boards and then well saturated with lime-water, the
style smooth, H.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas wood bears exposure to the weather many years ; it is also
Geraes, in woods between Tapanhoacanga and Villa do Prin- formed into laths for roofs, curing pots, and hogshead heading.
,
cipe. Corolla reddish or olive-green outside, but greenish-white When the tree decays it becomes a nest for the Macaca beetle,
within. Calyx surrounded by a whorl of glands at the base. the caterpillar which, when gutted and fried, is esteemed by
Field Carolinea. Fl. May. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
many persons one of the greatest delicacies. The down which
11 C. MARGINATA; leaflets 7, inarticulated, obovate-lanceo- is enclosed in the seed-vessels is very soft and silky; it is sel-
late, obtusely acuminated, marginated, reticulately veined be- dom used except by the poorer inhabitants to stuff pillows or
neath and tomentose; flowers nearly a foot and a half; tube of chairs; and it is generally thought unwholesome to lie upon.
stamens an inch and a half, woolly; anthers oblong, kidney- The same may be said of most of the species of Bombax and
,
shaped. ñ. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Eriodendron.
Geraes, where it is called Painera do Campo by the inhabitants. Ceiba, or Common Silk-cotton Tree. Clt. 1692. Tree 100 ft.
Pachira marginàta, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 6. t. 51. Peduncles 2 B. MALABA’RICUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.) trunk prickly;
terminal under the leaf-bud, 1-flowered. Calyx cup-shaped, trun- leaves palmate, with 5 or 7 oblong, entire, acuminated leaflets ;
cately entire, with many glands at the base. Petals clothed with fruit oblong, blunt. h.s. Native of Malabar and Bengal ;
brownish down on the outside, and with white wool on the inside. also of Java. B. heptaphyllum, Cav. diss. 5. p. 296. Roxb.
Filaments red, simple, or forked, in 5 bundles. Seeds covered cor. 3. t. 247.-Rheed. mal. 3. t. 52. Flowers in fascicles near
with silky wool.
the extremities of the branches, scarlet or red on the inside, but
Marginate-leaved Carolinea. Fl. March. Shrub 8 feet. pale on the outside. Calyx irregularly 2 or 3-lobed, or 5-6-
12 C. A’lba (Lodd. bot. cab. t. 752.) K.S. Native of Brazil. cleft. The wool in the pods is used in India to stuff pillows and
A magnificent tree, with digitate leaves and strong-scented white beds. There is also a variety of this tree with white flowers.
flowers at the tops of the branches. Calyx flowing with honey. Malabar Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 80 feet.
Filaments innumerable, 2-forked, joined into a tube at the base. 3 B. INSIGNE (Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 1. p. 74. t. 79 and 80.)
White-flowered Carolinea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Tree trunk unarmed; leaflets 9, obovate, short-acuminated, glaucous
20 feet.
beneath, as well as the petioles ; corolla 4-times longer than the
Cult. A genus of magnificent shrubs or trees, with splendid 2-lobed calyx ; stamens shorter than the corolla; petals villous
leaves and shewy flowers, well adapted for stove conservatories ; on the outside ; capsule very long. Þ.S. Native of the Bur-
therefore they deserve to be generally cultivated. They thrive man empire near Yenangheun. Flowers large, red, very showy,
best in a rich loamy soil, and large cuttings taken off at a joint, solitary on the naked branches. Stamens monadelphous at the
not deprived of their leaves, will root in sand under a hand-glass, base, but separating into 4-5 bundles at the top. Anthers kid-
in heat.
ney-shaped, fixed by the middle, yellow.
Shewy Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
X. BO'MBAX (from Bopbut, bombyx, one of the Greek 4 B. SEPTENA'TUM (Jacq. amer. 193. exclusive of the sy-
names for cotton; the pods are filled with a fine silky substance nonymes,) trunk unarmed, corky; leaves palmate, with 7 entire
like cotton, but it is impossible to spin this substance into thread leaflets. h. S. Native of Carthagena. B. heptophyllum,
in consequence of the edges being perfectly smooth. See Gos- Lin. spec. 960. Flowers crimson. Fruit like that of Eriodén-
sýpium.) Lin. gen. no. 835. exclusive of many species. D. C. dron anfractuosum.
prod. 1.
p.
478.
Seven-leaved Silk-cotton Tree. Clt. 1699. Tree 66 feet.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx naked, cam- 5 B. BUONOPOZE'NSE (Beauv. fl. d. ow. et de ben. 2. p. 42. t.
panulate, unequally 2-5-lobed, or truncately 5-toothed. Petals 83.) trunk unarmed. h. S. Native of Guinea in the king-
5, joined together, and somewhat connected at the base with the dom of Waree near Buonopozo. Calyx quite entire, capsule
column of the stamens. Stamens numerous, monadelphous at the formed with a small circle on the margin. Flowers red, woolly
base, but free at the apex. Anthers inserted by the middle, kid- on the outside.
ney-shaped or oblong, opening above by a transverse chink. Cap- Buonopozo Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 100 feet.
sules large, 5-celled, 5-valved, woody; cells many-seeded. Seeds 6 B. GLOBÒSUM (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 701. t. 281.) trunk un-
albuminous, enwrapped in silky cotton.—Large trees with soft armed ; leaves palmate, with 5 oval, blunt, entire, emarginate
spongy wood, commonly used for making canoes, palmate leaflets; calyx bluntly 5-lobed; fruit globose. h.s. Native
leaves, and large scarlet or white flowers usually rising laterally of Guiana and Cayenne. Cav. diss. 5. p. 297. t. 155. Flowers
from the trunk or branches, either singly or in clusters.
disposed in axillary and terminal racemes. Pedicels 1-flowered.
I B. Ceiba (Lin. spec. 959.) trunk prickly ; leaves paimate, Calyxes smooth. Petals oblong, woolly on the outside, pale
with 5 leaflets; fruit turbinate, concave at the apex.
h. S.
on the inside. Stamens shorter than the petals.
a
.

512
BOMBACEÆ. X. BOMBAX. XI. ERIODENDRON.
Globose-fruited Silk-cotton Tree. Clt. 1824. Tree 20 feet.
+ Species not sufficiently known.
7 B. TOMENTO'SUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 263.) trunk un-
armed ; leaflets 5, ovate-lanceolate, entire, scabrous above, but 15 B.? VILLÒSUM (Mill. dict. no. 3.) leaves 5-angled, villous;
cinereously-tomentose beneath, and dotted with black; peduncles stem jointed. h.s. Native of New Spain. Flowers unknown.
hoary-tomentose, inflated just under the flower, hollow inside. The down enclosed in the pod is of a fine purple colour, and
ħ. Š. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz near Villa the inhabitants of New Spain spin it and work it into garments,
Boa. Flowers in axillary fascicles, silky, white; petals ob- which they wear without dyeing.
liquely emarginate ; anthers 2-celled ?
Villous Silk-cotton Tree. Tree?
Tomentose Silk-cotton Tree. Fl. June. Tree 30 feet?
16 B. CUMANE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
8 B. ELLIPTICUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 299.) 300.) unarmed; leaves palmate, with 7 stalked, lanceolate,
trunk unarmed ; leaves palmate, with 5 rounded, elliptical, quite acuminate, quite entire, smooth leaflets, which are paler beneath.
entire, smooth leaflets, which are retuse at the apex; calyx Ş.S. Native of South America near Cumana. Perhaps dif-
entire. h.s. Native of South America. Petals rose-coloured ferent from B. septenàtum.
on the inside, but covered with rusty tomentum on the outside. Cumana Silk-cotton Tree Tree 50 feet.
.
Filaments red, length of petals.
17 B. MOMPOXE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, l. c.) trunk prickly ;
Elliptical-leafletted Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 60 feet.
leaves palmate, with 7 and 9 almost sessile, obovate-lanceolate,
9 B. PARVIFLÒRUM (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 91. t. 57.) trunk acuminated, membranaceous, smooth leaflets, which are remotely
unarmed; leaflets 3-5, obovate-lanceolate, obtuse or emarginate, toothletted towards the apex. h.S. Native of South America
coriaceous, smooth ; peduncles and calyxes smooth; petals to- on the banks of the river Magdalena near Mompox. Flowers
mentose, 3-times longer than the calyx; ovary smooth. h. S. and fruit unknown.
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes at the river Mompox Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 40 feet.
St. Francisco. Flowers silky-villous, 3 or 4 in a fascicle, rarely 18 B. ORINOCE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) trunk unarmed ;
solitary. Anthers kidney-shaped.
leaves palmate, with 5 and 6 oblong, acuminated, quite entire,
Small-flowered Silk-cotton Tree. Fl. June, July. Tree 25 membranaceous, smooth leaflets. ñ.s. Native on the banks
feet.
of the river Orinoco, Flowers unknown.
10 B. PUBE'SCENS (Mart. A. bras. 1. p. 91. t. 58.) trunk Orinoco Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 60 feet.
unarmed ; lower leaves quinate, upper ones ternate; leaflets
,
Cult. The species of Bombax grow best in rich loamy soil.
obovate, elliptical, emarginate, coriaceous, smooth, or covered Cuttings should not be too
Cuttings should not be too ripe, and if they are taken off at a
with black dots of stellate pili beneath ; pedicels inflated and joint they will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in a
hollow under the flower, and are as well as calyxes, covered with moist heat; but plants raised from seeds brought from the
black dots of stellate tomentum; petals tomentose, 3-times longer places of their natural growth make finer trees. None of the
than the calyx; ovary smooth. N. S. Native of Brazil in the species have ever flowered in our stoves, and it is not likely
province of Minas Geraes, where the tree is called Embirussu, they ever will
, as the most of them acquire a height of 50 or 60
from the bark being very tough, which is made into ropes. feet before they attempt to flower in their native countries.
Flowers white from silky tomentum.
Pubescent Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 25 to 30 feet.
XI. ERIODE'NDRON (from eplov, erion, wool, and devòpov,
11 B. CORIA CEUM (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 93.) unarmed ; leaflets
p.
dendron, a tree; alluding to the capsule being filled with a fine
3, oblong, acutish, entire, coriaceous, smooth, marginated; fruit silky woolly substance). D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.–Ceìba, Plum.
.
scabrous, pear-shaped. h. S. Native of Brazil on mount gen. 42. t 32. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 244. t. 133.
Arara-coara on the confines of Peru.
LIN. SYST.
Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx naked, irre-
Coriaceous-leaved Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 30 feet.
gularly 5-lobed ; lobes usually twin. Petals 5, joined together
12 B. RETU'SUM (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 92. t. 59.) trunk un- as well as being connected with the column of the stamens at
armed ; leaflets 3-4 or 5, obovate, retuse, smooth ; peduncles the base. Filaments joined together into a short tube at the
and calyxes smooth ; petals 6-times longer than the calyx, base, but divided into 5 bundles at the apex; which are filiform
;
finely tomentose; ovary tomentose. h. s. Native of Brazil in and bearing each 1, 2, or 3 linear or anfractuous anthers at the
the province of Minas Geraes on hills. Peduncles axillary or apex, which have the appearance of one anther, they are either
terminal, solitary, or twin.
Corolla white from tomentum. adnate or versatile. Style crowned by a 5-6-cleft stigma. The
Anthers oblong.
rest of the character as in Bombax. Large trees with spongy
Retuse-leaved Silk-cotton Tree. Fl. July Tree 20 to 25 ft. wood, which is of little use except for making canoes, as the larger
13 B. MUNCU'BA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 93. t. 99.) trunk un- species of Bombax. The leaves are palmate. The flowers
armed ; leaflets 8, oblong, acuminated, quite entire, smooth are large, red, white, scarlet, rising singly or in clusters from
calyx cup-shaped ; petals coriaceous, reflexed ; stamens numer- the sides or tops of the branches.
ous, bifid at the top. h.S. Native of Brazil in the province 1 E. LEIANTHE'RUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.) anthers reti-
of the river Niger, where it is called by the inhabitants Muncuba. culated ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, cuspidate, quite entire. ñ . s.
.
It is also to be found on the banks of the river Amazon. Petals Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Bombax erianthus, Cav.
clothed on the outside with olive villi, but white inside. diss. 5. p. 294. t. 152. f. 1. Trunk and branches prickly.
Flowers 2 or 3 together at the tops of the branches.
Flowers subterminal and lateral at the tops of the branches.
Muncuba Silk-cotton Tree. Fl. March, April. Tree 80 to Corolla large, white, woolly on the outside. Anthers adnate,
100 feet.
the whole length of the filaments.
14 B. DISCOLOR (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) trunk unarmed ; Smooth-anthered Wool-tree. Clt. 1818. Tree 70 feet.
leaves palmate, with 5 oblong, acuminated, crenulate leaflets, 2 E. ANFRACTUÒSUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.) anthers versa-
hairy and green above, hoary from tomentum beneath. h. s. tile, anfractuous; leaflets 5-7-8, entire, or serrulated above,
Native of South America in warm places near St. Felipe in the lanceolate, cuspidate, glaucous beneath ; trunk usually prickly.
province of Jaen de Bracamoros. Flowers white, about the . S. Bombax pentandrum, Lin. spec. 959. Cav. diss. 5. p.
size of those of a citron.
293. t. 151. Bombax orientale, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 124. Trunk
Two-coloured-leaved Silk-cotton Tree. Tree 30 feet. prickly or rarely unarmed. Corolla smaller than that of B. occi-
.
;

BOMBACEÆ. XI. ERIODENDRON. XII. CHORISIA. XIII. Durio.
513
soft, spongy:
+
3
dentàle, clothed with silky wool on the outside and yellowish bearing on the outside at the apex 5 2-anthered lobes, adnate to
on the inside.
the base of the outer one, which is short and of 5 bifid sterile
Var, a, I'ndicum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.) flowers in fascicles lobes. Ovary sessile, ovate, 5-celled? Style 1, filiform, ex-
from a short peduncle ; yellowish on the inside, white on the ceeding in length the stamens, crowned by a 5-lobed capitate
outside. h.S. Native of the East Indies.-Rheed. mal. 3. stigma. Capsule 5-valved, l-celled? many-seeded. Seeds
t. 49. and 51.-Rumph. amb. 1. t. 80.
enveloped in wool. Prickly trees with digitate leaves and large
Var. B, Africànum (Brown, cong. p. 10.) flowers large, flowers, which are solitary, twin, or tern, in the axils of the upper
crimson, fascicled. h. S. Native of Guinea. This is the leaves, with 2 or 3 bracteas under each. Petals villous. Wood
largest and tallest tree in Guinea, the trunk of which is made
into very large canoes.
1 C. INSIGNIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 297.
Winding-anthered Wool-tree. Clt. 1739. Tree 150 feet. t. 485. f. 1.) petals oblong-spatulate, emarginate at the apex,
3 E. OCCIDENTA'LE; anthers anfractuous, versatile; leaflets with flat margins. h. S. Native on the banks of the river
7, serrulated, smooth and green on both surfaces; flowers fas- Amazon. Trunk ventricose. Leaflets 5, obovate-oblong, acu-
cicled, pentandrous, woolly outside, and rose-coloured on the minate, smooth, glaucous beneath, obsoletely and undulately-cre-
inside ; trunk prickly. h.s. Native of the Caribbee islands nated towards the top. Flowers white.
and South America. Bombax pentandrum, Jacq. amer. 191.
. Remarkable Chorisia. Tree 50 feet.
t. 176. f. 70. B. occidentàle, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 124. Eriod. 2 C. SPECIÒSA (St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. no. 63. fl. bras. 1.
anfractuosum ß, Caribæ'um, D. C. prod. 1. p. 479. The flowers p. 267.) petals ovately-spatulate, emarginate at the apex,
with
are said to be in short compound racemes by Jacquin.
rather undulated margins ; leaflets 5-7, lanceolate, acuminated,
Western Wool-tree. Clt. 1739. Tree 30 to 60 feet.
entire at the base, but the rest acutely serrated. h.S. Na-
4 E. SAMAU'MA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 89. t. 98.) anthers tive of the provinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes, where
anfractuous, versatile ; leaflets 5-7, oblong, quite entire, acumi- it is called by the inhabitants Arvore de Paina. Petals white
nated ; trunk prickly ; petals obovately-spatulate, covered with on the outside from down, but reddish and smooth within.
fulvous down on the outside. ħ. S. Native of Brazil near
n
The wool which accompanies the seeds is used to stuff bolsters
the river Japura, Bombax Samauma, Spreng. Flowers on the and pillows in Brazil.
tops of the branches, solitary, lateral, or subterminal, cream- Sheny Chorisia. Fl. March. Tree 40 feet.
coloured. The wool contained in the fruit is called Samauma 3 C. VENTRICÒSA (Nees. et Mart. act. bon. xi. p. 101. t. 9.)
in Brazil, with which the natives stuff pillows and bolsters. petals lanceolate-linear, acute, waved, pubescent outside ; leaflets
Samauma Wool-tree. Tree 80 to 100 feet.
5-7, ovate, acuminated; calyx 2-lobed. K. S. Native of
5 E. ÆSCULIFÒLIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 479.) anthers an- Brazil on the banks of Rio das Contas and Rio Itiquirica.
fractuous ; leaflets 7-8, sharply serrated; trunk unarmed. h.S. Trunk bulged in the middle, covered with spine-like processes.
Native of New Spain by the sea-shore near Campeche. Bóm- Flowers white. Bombax ventricòsa, Arrud. in Kost. trav. p.
bax axillàre, Moc. et Sesse. fi. mex. icon. ined. Bóm- 489. Neuw. bras. reis. 2.
p
247.
bax æsculifolium, H. B. et Kunth. Leaflets lanceolate- Ventricose-stemmed Chorisia. Tree 20 feet.
oblong, acuminated and mucronate, smooth.
Petals rose-
4 C. CRISPIFLÓRA (H. B, et Kunth, l. c. t. 485. f. 2.) petals
coloured, hairy on the outside, equal in length with the stamens. linear, blunt, with undulately-curled margins ; leaflets 5-7,
Flowers, according to the figure in the A. mex., axillary, and lanceolate, acuminated, acutely serrated, reticulately nerved.
usually solitary, on very short thick pedicels. Flowers pentan-
.
h.S. Native of Brazil in woods near Rio Janeiro. Flowers
drous, covered with rusty tomentum on the outside and rose- white on the outside from down, but smooth and reddish within.
coloured and smooth within. (Kunth.)
Curled-flowered Chorisia. Tree 40 feet.
Horse-chesnut-leaved Wool-tree. Tree 60 feet.
Cult. The species of Chorísia require the same treatment
6 E. JASMINODÒRUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 265. t. 52.) as that recommended for Eriodendron and Bombax.
anthers anfractuous; style jointed; leaflets 3, ovate, acute,
apiculated, with entire undulated margins ; petals reflexed,
puberulous; tube of stamens thickened at the top and entire; XIII. DU‘RIO (from Duryon, the name of the fruit in the
filaments 1-anthered ; petals reflexed, puberulous. h.S. Na- Malay language, which comes from dury, a thorn, in the same
,
tive of Brazil in the province of Minas Novas. Trunk un- language, in allusion to the prickly fruit). Lin. syst. 698. but
armed. Peduncles solitary, axillary, and on the naked branches. not of Avans. D. C. prod. 1. p. 480. Konig, in Lin. trans.
Flowers smelling of jasmine. Petals white, obovate.
vol 7. p. 266.
Jasmine-scented Wool-tree. Fl. May. Tree.
Lin. syst. Polyadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 87.
Cult. These trees thrive best in a rich loamy soil, and cut- b.), girded by a 2-lobed, concave involucel (f. 87. a.). Petals
tings, not too ripe, taken off at a joint, not deprived of their 5, joined together at the base into a tube, longer than the
leaves, will root freely if planted in sand under a hand-glass, calyx, with a spreading limb (f. 87. c.). Stamens numerous, dis-
placed in a moist heat; but plants raised from seeds make posed in 5 bundles (f. 87. d.), each of these bundles is divided
(,
better trees. The trees grow to a large size before they into 5 l-anthered filaments (f. 87. f.). Anthers anfractuous
flower in their native countries, it is therefore not likely they (f. 87. e. d.). Ovary scaly (f. 87. h.). Style filiform (f. 87. i.).
. . f
can ever be brought to flower in the stoves of this country, Stigma roundish (f. 87. j.). Fruit roundish (f. 87. g.), muricated,
about the size of the bread-fruit, 5-celled (f. 87. k.); cells
filled with pulp, 4-5-seeded (f. 87. l.). Seeds shining, ovate-
XII. CHORI’SIA (in honour of J. L. Choris, an eminent oblong. A large tree with oblong, acuminated leaves, rounded
.
artist who went round the world with Kotzebue, at the expense at the base, of a lurid-silvery colour beneath and lepidoted.
of Count Romanzoff, see Romanzòvia). Kunth. diss. malv. 1 D. ZIBETHÌNUS (Lin. syst. 698. Lam. ill. t. 641. Konig,
p. 6. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 295.
.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 480.
in Lin. trans. vol. vii. t. 14, 15, and 16.). h.S. Native of
.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx campanulate, the East Indies.-Rumph. amb. 1. p. 99. t. 20.-Rheed. mal.
2-5-lobed, with 3 permanent bracteas at the base. Detals 5, Leaves like those of the cherry, green and smooth above and
elongated. Staminiferous tube double, inner one slender, terete, covered with brownish scales beneath. The fruit is about the
VOL. I.-PART. VI.
3 U
1
a
a
-

514
BOMBACEÆ. XIV. OCHROMA. XV. CHEIROSTEMON. STERCULIACEÆ.
d-
C
e
え​、
a
a
size of a man's head,
FIG. 87.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx somewhat cam-
It is said to be the most
panulate, 5-parted, furnished with 3 bracteas on the outside at
delicious of all the fruits
the base; sepals deciduous, thick, coloured on the inside,
of India. The eatable
foveolate at the base, 5 inches long in the bud. Petals none.
part of it is that aril-like
Stamens? Filaments connate into a tube which is 5-cleft at the
substance which contains
9
top, with the lobes leaning to one side, exserted at the apex,
the kernels, and which
mucronate, bearing on the back of each lobe two linear anthers
most resembles cream or
which open lengthwise. Style 1. Stigma acute. Capsule
the blanc-manger of our
1
oblong, 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-valved, with a villous dissepiment
tables; but a consider-
in the middle of each valve. Seeds 15-18 in each cell, egg-
able drawback from the
ke
f
shaped, corunculate. Albumen fleshy. Embryo slender. Co-
extreme gratification it
tyledons flat. A tall tree 15 feet in diameter, with 5 or 6 lobed,
procures to the palate of the epicurean, is its intolerable stench ; palmate-nerved leaves, and solitary hoary-tomentose flowers
even the rinds emit such an offensive effluvia, that at Amboyna, on the branches nearly opposite the leaves, bi-bracteolate at
as Rumphius and Valentine state, it is forbidden by the law to the base.
throw them out near any public path. Some compare this smell 1 C. PLATANOI'DES (H. B. 1. c.). h. S. Native of New
to that of putrid animal substances, others to that of rotten Spain near Toluco. Tiles. act. Petrop. 5. p. 321. t. 9. Fisch.
onions; but all agree that if the first repugnance is once over- p.
581.-Hern, mex. 383. f. 1. and 459. f. 2.
come no fruit is more enticing than the durion. These qualities Plane-like Cheirostemon. Clt. 1820. Tree 100 feet.
are so very well known, that it is surprising to find it mentioned Cult. This fine tree succeeds well in a mixture of turfy
in the Histoire des Voyages, and copied from thence by Lamarck loam and peat, or any rich light soil ; and half-ripened cuttings,
in his Encyclopedie, that the fruit of the durion diffuses an planted in pots of mould, without shortening their leaves, placed
excellent odour, but that its taste is rather unpleasant, it being under a hand-glass in heat, will soon strike root.
that of fried onions. The fruit is used as a bait to entrap the
civet-cat, which is very fond of it; hence the specific name.
Civet-cat Durion. Clt. 1825. Tree 80 feet.
Order XXXII. STERCULIACEÆ (plants agreeing with
Cult. This tree will thrive well in a rich loamy soil, and
Stercùlia in important characters).
Vent. R. Brown, cong.
cuttings not too ripe, taken off at a joint, not deprived of their
leaves, will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
Kunth, diss. maly. p. 6. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 309.—Byttne-
riàcæ, Tribe 1. Stercùleæ, D. C. prod. 1. p. 1. p. 481.
Flowers unisexual from abortion. Calyx naked, 4-5-lobed,
XIV. OCHROMA (from wypos, ochros, yellow; in allusion
to the wool in the pods being yellow, as well as to the colour of
deciduous, constantly valvate in æstivation.
Petals wanting.
the flowers). Swartz, act. holm. 1798. p. 148. t. 6. D. C. Stamens 4-5-20, monadelphous around the rudiment of the
prod. 1. p. 480.
pistil, always quinary or quaternary in number. Anthers
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Pentándria. Calyx tubular at the bilocular. Styles equal in number to the cells of the ovary,
LIN
base, somewhat funnel-shaped, hardly 5-cleft, with 3 rounded
flat lobes and 2 acutish ones. Petals 5, larger than the calyx.
joined into one, crowned by as many stigmas or lobes. Car-
Anthers anfractuous. Stigmas 5. Capsules 5-celled, clothed
,
pels 4-5, distinct, sometimes fewer from abortion, usually
on the inside with silky brownish wool. Seeds numerous, ob- pedicellate, each crowned by a style, 1, or many-seeded,
long. Trees with soft spongy wood, and long leaves, and soli- dehiscent above or indehiscent. Albumen fleshy or want-
tary, terminal, 1-flowered peduncles.
ing. Embryo erect, in the seeds with albumen the coty-
i 0. LAGO'PUS (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1144. t. 23.) leaves
ledons are flat and leafy, in those without albumen they are
cordate, 5-7-angled, rather lobed, toothletted, downy beneath, with
. S. Native of Jamaica, Hispaniola, Porto-
rusty nerves.
very thick and unequal, with an ovate, short radicle, pointing
Rico and the hotter parts of Mexico on the mountains. Bombax towards the hilum. This order is distinguished from Malvàceæ
pyramidale, Cav. diss. 5. p. 294. t. 155. Flowers large, erect, and Bombàceæ in the anthers being 2-celled, not 1-celled, from
pale-brown or yellowish. Capsule more than a foot long. The
.
Byttneridceæ in the carpels being distinct and stellately disposed,
wood of this tree is white, tender, and so light, that it is used
instead of corks to fishing nets. The capsules contain a very fine,
not joined together into 1 fruit. It is distinguished from Tiliàceæ
soft, rufous down, in which the seeds are involved, and which in the filaments being monadelphous at the base, not free. The
down is said to be used in the manufacture of English beavers. order is composed of large umbrageous tropical trees, with sim-
Hare's-foot Ochroma. Clt. 1802. Tree 40 feet.
ple or compound leaves, and axillary panicles or racemes of
2 0. TOMENTÒSA (Willd. enum. 693.) leaves cordate, some-
what 3-lobed, repand, rather tomentose beneath. H.S. Native
small, white, greenish, or brownish flowers. The seeds of many
of South America.
of the Stercùlias are eatable, especially those of the famous
Tomentose-leaved Ochroma. Clt. 1816. Tree 20 feet.
Kola or Cola of Africa, which possess the property, being chewed,
Cult. These trees grow freely in a mixture of loam and of rendering bad water pleasant to the palate. The seeds of
peat, and cuttings will root freely under a hand-glass, in heat. the Chica, another noble species of the same genus, are highly
esteemed in Brazil for the dessert. The seeds retain their vege-
XV. CHEIROSTE'MON (from xelp, cheir, the hand, and tative properties a considerable length of time, therefore they
otupov, stemon, a stamen; the stamens are 5 in number, the
are easily introduced in a living state from their places of natural
filaments are united at the base, and are recurved at their top,
which gives them the appearance of a hand). H.B. pl. æquin. 1.
growth, but the most secure mode would be to plant them in a
t. 44. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 302. D. C. prod. 1. p. 480. Chi- box of mould, and either send them off directly, or allow them
ranthodendron, Larr. diss, with a figure.
to vegetate before they are shipped.
a
1

STERCULIACEÆ. I. STERCULIA.
515
CUS.
P. 481.
Balanghas Sterculia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1787. Tree
Synopsis of the Genera.
30 feet.
4 S. NO'BILIS (Smith, in Rees' cyclop. no. 4.) leaves elliptic-
1 STERCU'LIA. Flowers polygamous or monoecious. Stamens
oblong, entire, smooth; segments of calyx linear, cohering at
monadelphous; anthers 10-20 in one or two series, solitary or
the apex ; carpels ovate, mucronate, 1-4-seeded. h.s. Na-
ternately aggregate. Carpels 5, distinct,
Carpels 5, distinct, stipitate, legume- tive of China. S. monosperma, Vent. malm. t. 91. S. Balánghas,
formed, 1 or many-seeded, opening on the
upper
side.
Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 5. p. 338. Southwéllia nóbilis, Sal.
Flowers monoecious. Stamens 15, monadel-
2 TRI'PHACA.
par. lond. t. 69. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers panicled,
pale buff-coloured, with the odour of Vanilla. Seed black.
phous. Style 1. Carpels 3, legume-formed, many-seeded.
Noble Sterculia. Clt. 1787. Tree 20 feet.
3 REEVE'sia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens monadel- 5 S. ACUMINA'TA (Beauv. A. d’ow. 1. t. 24.) leaves oblong-
phous. Anthers 15, sessile on the top of the tube. Capsule acuminated, quite entire, smooth, on long stalks ; flowers in axil-
stipitate, 5-celled, 5-valved; cells 2-seeded; seeds winged at
lary panicles; anthers in two rows, sessile; carpels 1-2-seeded.
h.s. Native of the tropical parts of Africa, particularly on
the base.
the western coast. Flowers white, with spreading segments.
4 HERETIE'RA. Flowers monoecious. Stamens monadelphous;
Carpels usually 2, opposite from abortion. There are two
anthers 10, sessile on the top of the tube. Carpels 5, at length
.
varieties of the Cola, one with white, the other with reddish
drupaceous, and carinately-winged, indehiscent; 1-seeded from seeds. The seeds are about the size of horse-chesnuts.
abortion.
The seeds of this species are known throughout tropical
Africa by the name of Cola or Kola. They have long been
celebrated by voyagers as possessing a high degree of value
I. STERCU'LIA (from Sterculius, a god, derived from ster- among the natives of Guinea, who take a portion of one of
The Romans, in the height of Paganism have deified them before each of their meals, for they believe them to en-
the objects of their greatest dislike, and the most immoral actions. hance the flavour of any thing they may subsequently eat or
They have the gods Sterculius Crepitus, and the goddesses drink. The seeds formerly were said to be held in such high
Caca and Pertunda, &c. The flowers as well as the leaves of estimation among the natives of Guinea, that 50 of them were
some species are fetid.) Lin. gen. no. 1086. D. C. prod. 1. sufficient to purchase a wife, but at present 20 or 30 seeds can
be purchased for a handful of cowries, while 2 or 3 tons of cowries
LIN. syst. Monoe' cia, Monadélphia. Calyx 5-lobed, some- would not purchase a perfect female at the present day. We have
what coriaceous. Stamens monadelphous, disposed in a short eaten the seeds, they have a very bitter taste; they are about the
sessile, or stipitate urceolus. Anthers adnate, 10-15-20 in one size of a pigeon's egg, of a brownish colour ; they are supposed
or two rows, solitary, or ternately-aggregate. Ovary stipitate
to possess the same properties as Peruvian-bark.
or sessile. Carpels follicular, 5, or fewer from abortion, distinct, Acuminated-leaved Sterculia or Cola. Clt. 1795. Tr. 40 ft.
1-celled, 1 or many-seeded, opening on the upper side; seeds 6 S. MACROCA'RPA ; leaves oblong, acuminate, entire, smooth,
disposed in 2 series, along the suture of the carpels. Seeds with on long stalks; flowers axillary, panicled ; anthers in two rows,
fleshy albumen, and flat, leafy, equal cotyledons. Trees with sessile ? carpels 4-6-seeded. ħ.S. Native of Guinea. Flowers
simple or compound leaves and axillary panicles or racemes of white. Pods generally 2 from abortion, opposite. The seeds
flowers. This genus requires to be divided into other genera of this tree are also known under the name of Cola in Guinea ;
or sections according to the fructification, but as many of the they possess the same qualities as those of Stercùlia acuminata.
species are not sufficiently known, they are here disposed artifi- Long-fruited Cola. Tree 40 feet.
cially
7 S. LONGIFÒLIA (Vent. malm. no. 91. in adn.) leaves ovate-
§ 1. Leaves ovate or oblong, entire, or rarely 3-lobed.
oblong, smooth, quite entire ; flowers panicled, terminal; seg-
ments of calyx erect, hairy on the inside. h.s. Native of
1 S. BlUºM11; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminated, the East Indies. Flowers white from down. Fruit unknown.
quite entire, smooth ; racemes simple ; calycine segments con- Long-leaved Sterculia. Tree 20 feet.
nected at the apex ; carpels ovate. h.S. Native of Java. 8 S. RUBIGINÒSA (Vent. malm. no. 91. adn.) leaves oblong,
S. lanceolata, Blume, bijdr. ex. Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 654. acuminated, smooth above, but clothed with rusty tomentum be-
Blume Sterculia. Tree 20 feet.
neath ; racemes simple, tomentose ; segments of calyx conniving
2 S. LANCEOLATA (Cav. diss. 5. p. 287. t. 144. f. 1.) leaves at the apex; carpels acuminate, many-seeded, wrinkled, and
quite entire, smooth; racemes
racemes simple ; calycine segments naked on the inside. n. S. Native of Java. This tree,
spreading ; carpels few-seeded. h.G. Native of China. Lindl. according to Smith, is the same as S. Balánghas of Cav.
bot. reg. 1256. Carpels oblong, crimson. Seeds black. Flowers Rusted-leaved Sterculia. Tree 20 feet.
reddish-brown, stellate, in small, axillary panicles. Leaves ovate- 9 S. PUBE'SCENS ; leaves oval-oblong, cordate at the base,
lanceolate. This differs from the preceding species in the sepals entire, rarely tricuspidate at the apex, covered with rusty down
,
being spreading, not cohering at the base.
beneath, as well as the petioles and young branches, on long
Lanceolate-leaved Sterculia. Tree 20 feet.
stalks ; flowers in panicles, axillary, crowded ; segments of calyx
3 S. BALA'NGHAS (Lin. spec. 1438. excl. syn. Rumph.) leaves cohering at the apex; carpels 4-5, pubescent, 4-5-seeded.
elliptic-oblong, bluntish, entire, nearly smooth ; flowers panicled ; h. S. Native of Guinea. S. tragacántha, Lindl. bot. reg.
segments of calyx linear, cohering at the apex; carpels ovate or 1363. Resembles S. Balánghas. Flowers greenish-red from
obovate, many-seeded. h. S.
h. S. Native of Malabar and Java. down. Seeds small, red. There is a gum collected from this tree
Cavàlam, Rheed. mal. 1. t. 49. S. Balánghas, Cav. diss. 5. p. resembling gum tragacanth in its properties, but it is probable
286. t. 143. Lois. herb. amer. t. 843.–Balanghas dicta, Burm. that many of the species have the same kind of substance, as it
zeyl. 84. Flowers purplish. According to Rumphius the seems nothing more than the concrete state of the mucilage
seeds are considered as esculent by the inhabitants of Amboyna, which is so universal in this order and the two preceding.
who roast them for this purpose, while the capsules are burned Downy-leaved Sterculia. Clt. 1793. Tree 20 feet.
for the preparation of the pigment called cassoumba.
10 S. GRANDIFLORA (Vent. malm. no. 91. in a note.) leaves
3 U 2

516
STERCULIACEÆ. I. STERCULIA.
h.s.
ovate, acuminated, entire, smooth; calycine segments spread beneath ; racemes long; flowers in fascicles ; sepals very villous,
ing; tube of stamens almost sessile; styles 5, reflexed. n. S. at length spreading. h.S. Native of the East Indies.
Native of the East Indies and the Mauritius.
Wallich's Sterculia. Tree 20 feet.
Great-flowered Sterculia. Clt. 1820. Tree.
21 S. OBLONGIFÒLIA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D.C.
11 S. NITIDA (Vent. malm. no. 91. in a note.) leaves lanceo- prod. 1. p. 482.) leaves oblong, acute, tapering to the base, quite
late-oblong, acuminated, entire, smooth; calycine segments entire, smooth; flowers in lax racemes; calyxes spreading ;
spreading; urceolus of stamens almost sessile. ħ.s. Native genitals almost sessile ; carpels somewhat drupaceous, 2-seeded.
of Africa. Flowers probably dioecious, in axillary panicles. h.s. Native of Mexico.
Shining-leaved Sterculia. Tree 20 feet.
Oblong-leaved Sterculia. Tree 30 feet.
12 S. FRONDOSA (Rich. act. soc. nat. par. p. 111.) leaves 22 S. HETEROPHY'LLA (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 1. t. 40.) leaves ob-
oblong-obovate, very blunt, somewhat repand, smooth, shining, long, smooth, tapering to the base, on long stalks, entire or 3-
crowded at the top of the branches ; panicles axillary, on long lobed, irregularly toothed ; flowers panicled, terminal.
peduncles. h.s. Native of French Guiana.
Native of Guinea in the kingdom of Waree. Flowers dirty-
Leafy Sterculia. Tree 20 feet.
yellow. The seeds of this species are also called Cola in Guinea.
13 S. URCEOLA'TA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 3.) leaves ellip- Various-leaved Sterculia. Tree 50 feet.
tical-oblong, acute, pale, coriaceous, smooth, young ones
23 S. Ivi'ra (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1160.) leaves ovate,
velvety beneath; panicles contracted, few-flowered, hardly smooth, acuminated at the apex, entire, rarely 3-lobed; flowers
longer than the petioles, tomentose; calyx bottle-shaped, stel- panicled, hermaphrodite. h. S. Native of South America
lately-tomentose, with the segments connected at the base. in woods, Ivìra pròriens, Aubl. guian. t. 279. I. crinìta, Cav.
h. S. Native of the island of Honimoa near Amboyna.
diss. 5. t. 162. Flowers yellowish, with spreading segments.
Clompànus minor. Rumph. amb. 3. p. 169. t. 107. Carpels Carpels covered with stiff bristles at the base, clothed on the
.
many-seeded, scarlet. Flowers of a dirty-white colour, with an inside with stinging, minute, rufous bristles. Seeds 3-5, black.
offensive smell. Seeds small, red.
This tree is called Ivira in South America.
Urceolate-calyxed Sterculia. Tree 20 feet.
Ivira Sterculia. Clt. 1793. Tree 60 feet.
14 S. coccinea (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 50.) leaves oblong- 24 S. IMBE'RBIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 483.) leaves ovate, smooth,
lanceolate, obtusely acuminated, smooth ; panicles axillary and very
blunt and cordate at the base, entire, acuminate ; carpels
lateral, nodding; segments of calyx linear, spreading. ñ. S.
s
naked at the base, pedicellate. H.S. Native of Cayenne. S.
Native of the East Indies in Silhet. Carpels scarlet, 6-seeded. Ivìra, Rich, in Pers. ench, no. 10.
Seeds covered with a black ari).
Beardless-carpelled Sterculia. Tree 30 feet.
Scarlet-follicled Sterculia. Clt. 1817. Tree 20 feet.
25 S. DIVERSIFÒLIA (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 392.)
15 S. LÆ'vis (Wall. in Hook. bot. misc. pt. 3. p. 287.) leaves leaves coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, entire or 3-
oblong-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated, glabrous; racemes axil- lobed ; lobes acuminate, smooth. . G.
h.G. Native of New Hol-
lary and lateral, drooping; segments of the calyx linear, spread- land. The rest not seen. S. heterophylla, Cung, mss.
ing; follicles scarlet. n. S.
h. S. Native of Pulo-Pinang. s. Diverse-leaved Sterculia. Clt. 1824. Tree 20 feet?
coccinea, Jack, mal. misc. vol. 1. pt. 1. Hook, bot. misc. pt. 3.
§ 2. Leaves cordate, entire, or somewhat 3-lobed.
p. 287. but not of Roxb. from which it differs in the follicles
only containing 2-3 seeds, and in the flowers being racemose, 26 S. ALA'TA (Roxb. cor. 3. p. 83. t. 287.) leaves very broad,
not panicled. The seeds are covered with black pulpy aril. ovate, acuminated, quite entire, smooth on both surfaces, cordate
Smoothed Sterculia. Shrub 10 feet.
at the base, with a spreading recess, on long petioles ; racemes
16 S. SUBPELTA'TA (Blume, ex. Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 654.) axillary, solitary, shorter than the petioles ; sepals long, lanceo-
leaves on long petioles, somewhat peltate, oval-oblong, acumin- late, acuminated, rusty on the outside as well as the peduncles.
ated, quite entire, covered with cobwebbed tomentum beneath; h.S. Native of Silhet, where the natives eat the seeds as a
racemes simple ; carpels stalked, oblong, tapering to both ends. substitute for opium. Leaves 5-7-nerved at the base. Flowers
h.S. Native of Java. Young leaves cordate.
reddish ; sepals reflexed.
Subpeltate-leaved Sterculia. Tree 25 feet.
Winged Seven-Seeded Sterculia. Tree 30 feet.
17 S. ANGUSTIFÒLIA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 50.) leaves elliptic- 27 S. MACROPHY’LLA (Vent. malm. no. 91. adn.) leaves cor-
lanceolate, tapering to both ends, acuminated, quite smooth ; date, roundish, entire, thick, tomentose beneath ; carpels ovate,
racemes axillary. h.S. Native of Nipaul. Reevèsia, Lindl. ?
.
very smooth on the inside, 2-seeded. ñ. S.
h. S. Native of the
Narrow-leaved Sterculia. Tree 20 feet.
East Indies. Panicles terminal.
18 S. PARVIFLORA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 50.) leaves obovate, Large-leaved Sterculia. Tree 30 feet.
acuminate, somewhat cordate at the base, smooth, except the 28 S. CORDA'TA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 654.)
p.
nerves beneath, which are clothed with rusty down as well as leaves subcordate, oval, acuminated, quite entire, tomentose
petioles, panicles, and young branches; panicles axillary; sepals beneath ; panicle nodding; flowers monoecious; calyx 5-cleft;
conniving at the apex. h. S. Native of Silhet and Pulo- ovaries joined. h.S. Native of Java.
ovaries joined.
Pinang. S. angustifòlia, Jack. mal. misc. 1. no. 1. p. 21. D. C. Cordate-leaved Sterculia. Tree 30 feet.
prod. 1. p. 482. but not of Roxb.
29 S. CANDO'LLII (Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 1. p. 4.) leaves round-
Small-flowered Sterculia. Shrub.
ish, cordate, obtuse, entire, smooth, rather membranaceous; car-
19 S. GUTTATA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 50.) leaves ovate, blunt, pels ovate, quite smooth both on the inside and outside, 3-seeded.
. ,
3
thick, smooth, entire ; racemes somewhat fascicled, spreading, þ.S.
h.s. Native of the island of Timor. S. populifòlia, D. C.
longer than the leaves ; calyxes woolly on the inside, spreading. prod. 1. p. 483. but not of Roxb. Flowers unknown.
h. S. Native of Malabar on the mountains. Ramena-Pou- De Candolle's Sterculia. Tree 23 feet.
Marara, Rheed. mal. 4. t. 61. Root aromatic. Flowers 30 S. POPULIFÒLIA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 50. Wall. pl. rar.
sweet-scented, pale-red, woolly on the inside.
asiat. 1. p. 3. t. 3.) leaves roundish-cordate, entire, membrana-
Spotted Sterculia. Clt. 1825. Tree 70 feet.
ceous, acuminated, smooth ; racemes axillary, branched, stalked ;
20 S. WALLI'CHII ; leaves ovate-oblong, entire, or with a few segments of the calyx linear, obtuse, revolute; follicles ovate,
large teeth at the apex, smooth above, but villous on the nerves ventricose, terminated by a cultriform, very blunt wing, on long
.

STERCULIACEÆ I. STERCULIA.
517
X
stipes, smooth without, but villous within. h.S. Native of
ħ.S. Native of beneath; petioles and young branches white from tomentum.
the Coromandel coast. S. populifòlia var. acutiúscula, D. C. k.G. Native of China. (v. s. herb. Lamb.)
prod. 1. p. 483. Flowers downy, scarlet inside, but yellowish Peltate-leaved Sterculia. Tree 20 feet.
on the outside. Seeds grey.
40 S. HELICTERES (Pers. ench. 2. p. 240.) leaves half 5-
Poplar-leaved Sterculia. Fl. April. Tree 20 feet. .
lobed, somewhat villous beneath ; lobes ovate-roundish, acute;
31's. Chica (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 278.) leaves 3-lobed, calyxes campanulate, with spreading segments, velvety on the
cordate, smooth above, but tomentose beneath; petioles smooth; outside. his. Native of Carthagena in woods. Helícteres
panicle subterminal, broad, tomentose, rusty ; genitals stipitate; apétala, Jacq. amer. 238. t. 181. f. 79. Stamens 14-15. Car-
,
ovary very villous; cells 8-ovulate. h. S, Native of Brazil pels divaricating. Flowers dirty-yellow, with purple spots.
in the province of Goyaz, where it is called Chica by the inha- Helicteris-like Sterculia. Clt. 1820. Tree 40 feet.
bitants, who eat the seeds, which have a very agreeable taste ; 41 S. CARICÆFÒLIA ; leaves palmately 5-lobed, with wide
they are about the size of a pigeon's egg. Cambess. in St. Hil. recesses; lobes spatulately-obovate, acuminated at the apex,
pl. usu. bras. no. 46. Calyx spreading, yellowish on the out- beset with brown hairs on the nerves beneath, and petioles,
side, and brownish within.
h.S. Native of Sierra Leone. (v. s. herb. Lamb.)
Chica Sterculia. Fl. June. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
Carica-leaved Sterculia Tree 20 feet.
32 S. CORDIFÒLIA (Cav. diss. 5. p. 144. f. 2.) leaves sub- 42 S. ACERIFÒLIA (Cuning. mss. in Loud. hort. brit. p. 392.)
p
cordate, somewhat acuminate, smooth, sometimes bluntly 3- leaves palmate, 5-lobed. h.s. Native of New Holland.
lobed; carpels acuminated, downy, bristly on the inside, many- Maple-leaved Sterculia. Clt. 1824. Tree 30 feet.
seeded. ñ .s. Native of Senegal.
43 S. PUNCTATA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C.
Heart-leaved Sterculia Tree 20 feet.
prod. 1. p. 483.) leaves villous beneath, palmately 5-cleft; lobes
33 S. TOMENTÒSA (Thunb. jap. icon. p. 38. but not A. jap.) ovate-roundish, acuminate ; branches and petioles dotted ; calyx
leaves cordate, 3-lobed, pubescent beneath ; panicle very long, rotate ; carpels 4-seeded, bristly on the inside. h.S. Native
branched ; sepals reflexed. Þ.G. Native of Japan.
of New Spain. Panicle branched. Sepals acutish, villous as
Tomentose Sterculia Tree 20 feet.
well as the peduncles.
34 S. TRILOBA ; leaves large, cordate, with a spreading recess, Dotted-branched Sterculia. Tree 20 feet.
smooth on both surfaces, 7-nerved, and with 3-acuminated 44 S. ABYSSI'NICA (R. Br. in Salt's trav. app.) leaves 3 or
lobes. h.S. Native of the East Indies. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) obsoletely 5-lobed, coriaceous, smooth, peltately cordate, with
Three-lobed-leaved Sterculia Tree 20 feet.
the recess closed; racemes panicled; sepals villous, spreading.
H.S. Native of Abyssinia. Leaves like those of the Ivy.
3. Leaves cordate, 5-lobed.
Abyssinian Sterculia. Tree.
35 S. PLATANIFÒLIA (Lin. fil. suppl. 423.) leaves palmately
3-5-lobed, smooth on both surfaces; panicle branched, axillary;
$ 4. Leaves palmate, compound.
calyxes rotate, reflexed. . H. Native of Japan and China. 45 S. FE'TIDA (Lin. spec. 1431.) leaves compound, with 7-9-
Cav. diss. 5. t. 145. Hibiscus símplex, Lin. spec. 977. Fir- oblong, lanceolate, acuminated leaflets ; flowers panicled. K. s.
t
miàna, Mars. act. pat. 1. t. 1, 2. Culhàmia, Forsk. descr. 96. Native of the East Indies. Cav. diss. 5. t. 141. Sonn. voy. t.
syn. dub. ex Salisb. Flowers green. Carpels membranous. 132. Clompànus màjor, Rumph. amb. 3. t. 107. Anthers 15.
A beautiful tree, with leaves like those of the Sycamore.
Carpels many-seeded. Flowers brownish, tinged with red
Plane-tree-leaved Sterculia. Fl. July.
Fl. July. Clt. 1757. Tree. . at the base, of an ungrateful smell, as well as every part of the
36 S. COLORA'TA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 26. t. 25.) leaves smooth, plant when bruised or cut. The wood is pale, lasting, and does
palmately 5-lobed ; lobes acuminate; calyxes cylindrical-clavate; not split; it is therefore very proper for the turner, and being well
carpels oblong, smooth, membranaceous, on long stalks.
varnished makes handsome vases, &c. It has nothing of the ill
Native of the East Indies on the mountains. Calyxes and car- smell which the flowers have. The leaves, and especially the bark,
pels reddish-scarlet. Flowers racemose. Seeds yellow.
are aperient, repellent, diuretic, and diaphoretic. The seeds are
Coloured-calyxed Sterculia. Fl. April. Clt. 1818. Tree
Fl. April. Cit. 1818. Tree oily, and if swallowed incautiously they bring on nausea and ver-
40 feet.
tigo. This happens probably when eaten raw.
37 S. U'RENS (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 26. t. 24.) leaves pubescent, Fetid Sterculia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1690. Tree 20 feet.
7-8-nerved at the base, and cordate with the lobes overlapping 46 S. VERSI'COLOR (Wall. pl. asiat. rar. 1. p. 48. t. 59.)
each other, 5-lobed at the apex; lobes acuminate; calyxes campa- leaves peltately-digitate ; leaflets 5, oblong, acuminated, tomen-
nulate; carpels ovate, hispid. h.s. Native of the mountains on tose beneath; panicles axillary, branched ; flowers monoecious.
the Coromandel coast. Panicles terminal, every part covered with h.S. Native of the East Indies on hills about Segaen, oppo-
a glutinous, farinaceous, yellow down. Flowers small, yellow. site the city of Ava. Flowers at first yellow, but changing to
The wood is soft and spongy. It is used to make Hindoo deep orange-colour. Peduncles red. Segment of the calyx
guitars. The bark is exceedingly astringent, and tinges the saliva connivent at the apex, but at length spreading.
reddish. The seeds are roasted and eaten by the natives; they Party-coloured-flowered Sterculia. Fl. Oct. Tree 16 feet.
taste very like parched peas. The capsules are covered on the
outside with yellow down, and many stiff
, stinging hairs.
† Species the names of which are only known.
Stinging Sterculia. Clt. 1793. Tree 40 feet.
47 S. SCATI’GERA (Wall. mss. in Lin. soc. herb.) carpels
38 S. VILLÒSA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 50.) leaves 5-7-lobed, large, membranous, veiny, with a seed or tubercle at the base of
acute, villous beneath ; lobes 3-lobed ; calyxes 5-parted, spread- each. . S. Native of Malabar.
ing ; carpels coriaceous, scabrous from stellate hairs.
Spine-bearing Sterculia. Tree.
Native of Coromandel. Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 16. Racemes 48 S. LANCÆFÒLIA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 50.) K.S. Na-
panicled.
tive of the East Indies at Silhet.
Villous Sterculia. Clt. 1805. Tree 30 feet.
Lance-leaved Sterculia. Tree 30 feet.
39 S. Pelta’TA ; leaves on long footstalks, peltate, 5-lobed, Cult. All the species will thrive in a light loamy soil, or a
middle and lower lobes acuminated, the 2 intermediate ones ob- mixture of loam and peat. Ripened cuttings, not deprived of
tuse, with wide, rounded recesses, smooth above, and pubescent their leaves, will strike root readily in sand under a hand-glass;
h.s.
h.s.
a

518
STERCULIACEÆ. II. TRIPHACA. III. REEVESÍA. IV. HERETIERA. BYTTNERIACEÆ,
-
those of the stove species require a moist heat. The seeds are 1 H. LITTORA'LIS (Ait. hort. kew, 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong,
difficult to import, therefore they should be sown in boxes, and rounded at the base, coriaceous, silvery beneath ; carpels marked
the plants raised before they are sent off from the places of their lengthwise with a nerve above. ħ. S. Native of the Philip-
natural growth.
pine islands, Moluccas, Java, &c.—Rheed. mal. 6. t. 21.–Rumph.
amb. 3. t. 63. Balanópteris Tothìla, Gært. fruct. 2. t. 99. Leaves
large, coriaceous. Flowers small, reddish.
II. TRI'PHACA (from Tpels, treis, three, and pain, phake, Shore Looking-glass Plant. Clt. 1788. Tree 20 feet.
a lentil ; in allusion to the three carpels.) Lour. coch. 577. D.C. 2 H. Fo‘MAS (Willd. spec. 4. p. 971.) leaves reticulately vein-
p
prod. 1. p. 483.
ed beneath. h.s. Native of the East Indies on the banks of
.
LIN. syst. Monoe'cia, Monadélphia. Flowers monoecious. rivers in the kingdom of Ava, where it is called Fómas.-Syms.
Calyx 5-cleft. Petals none. Stamens in the male flower 15, itin. ed. gall. 3. p. 100. t. 28. Leaves silvery beneath.
monadelphous. Style one in the female flower, crowned by a Fomas Looking-glass Plant. Tree 20 feet.
trifid stigma. Carpels 3, legume-shaped, inflated, acuminated, 3 H. MI'NOR (Lam. dict. 3. p. 229.) carpels with a longitudinal
tomentose, many-seeded. Seeds 4-5, oblong-ovate.
furrow above. h. S. Native of the Mauritius, where it is
1 T. AFRICA'NA (Lour. 1. c.) h. S.
h. S. Native on the eastern probably cultivated. Balanópteris minor, Gært. fruct. 2. t. 98.
.
coast of Africa on the Mozambique coast. Leaves on long f. 2. This is probably the same as H. Fòmas.
stalks, cordate, quite entire. Cymes lateral and terminal. Smaller Looking-glass Plant. Clt. 1824. Tree 14 feet.
Flowers yellow. Perhaps a species of Sterculia.
Cult. These trees thrive well in sandy loam, or a mixture
African Triphaca. Tree 40 feet.
of loam and peat. Large ripened cuttings root freely in sand
Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam and under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. Trees with fine large
peat, and ripened cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, will root foliage. Seeds do not retain their vegetative powers long.
freely in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
Order XXXIII. BYTTNERIA'CEÆ (plants agreeing with
III. REEVE'SIA (in honour of John Reeves, F. L. S., Byttnèria in some important characters.) Brown congo, Kunth,
now resident at Canton, from whose exertions the botany of
diss. malv. p. 6. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 309.—Hermanniàcea,
China has received material assistance, and to whom the British
Vent.
gardens are indebted for many of the fairest ornaments they
contain). Lindl. bot. reg. 1236. .
Calyx sometimes naked (f. 92. a. f. 88. b.), sometimes girded
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Dodecándria. Calyx campanulate, by an involucre (f. 93. b.). Sepals more or less connected at
5-toothed, imbricate in æstivation, tomentose. Petals 5, un- the base (f. 92. a. f. 93. a. f. 94. a.), constantly valvate in
guiculate, convolute in æstivation. Stamens joined into a long
Stamens joined into a long æstivation. Petals 5, hypogynous, alternating with the sepals
filiform tube. Anthers 15, sessile, collected into a little head,
2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Ovary sessile, within the anther: (f. 93. c.), convolute in æstivation, of various forms, rarely un-
iferous head. Capsule stipitate, woody, obovate, 5-angled, 5-
equal or wanting (f. 90. c.). Stamens equal in number to the
celled, 5-valved, without any central axis. Seeds 2 in each sepals or petals (f. 91.f.), or double triple, or multiple, that num-
cell, winged at the base.—A tree with alternate, exstipulate,
ber (f. 92. d. f. 93. d.), filaments monadelphous (f. 92. d. f. 93.
lanceolate, acuminated, smooth, entire leaves, with the petioles e.), or variously divided at the top (f. 92. c. f. 89. h.), some of
,
jointed at the top, and compound, terminal, or axillary racemes
of white flowers. This tree joins the Sterculiàceæ with Byttneri-
them are sometimes sterile (f. 92. d.); anthers 2-celled (f. 92. c.),
àceæ. It agrees with Stercàlia in the flowers, but with Ptero- behind. Carpels 5 (f. 88. d. f. 89. g. f. 91. d. f. 92. e. f.
spermum in the seeds.
93. h.), joined into one ovary, crowned by as many distinct or
1 R. THYRSOL'DEA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1236.) K.G. Native connected (f. 92. g. f. 93.g.) styles. Albumen oily or fleshy,
of China.
rarely wanting. Embryo straight, with an inferior radicle, and
Thyrse-like-flowered Reevesia. Fl. Jan. Clt. 1824. Tree
20 feet.
leafy, flat, or plaited cotyledons, or they convolute around the
Cult. This tree will require to be propagated and cultivated plumule, but they are sometimes very thick in the exalbumenous
in the same manner as that recommended for the green-house seeds. This order differs from Malvácea, Bombàcer, Tiliàceæ,
species of Stercùlia.
and Eleocárper, with which it agrees in habit, in the valvate
æstivation of the calyx, and the convolute æstivation of the
IV. HERETIE'RA (in honour of Charles Louis L. Heretier
corolla : from Malvàceæ and Bombaceæ in the anthers being 2-
de Brutelle, a celebrated French botanist, died in 1800, author
celled, not l-celled, as in those orders; from Tiliàceæ and Eleo-
of many botanical works,) Dry. in Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 546. carpeæ in the filaments being monadelphous, and from Stercu-
D. C. prod. 1. p. 484.–Balanópteris, Gært. fruct. 2. p. 94.-- liàceæ in the carpels being connected into one fruit, not distinct,
Samandūra, Lin. fl. zeyl. no. 433.
as in that order. It is composed of trees and shrubs, usually natives
LIN. SYST. Monoe'cia, Monadelphia. Flowers monoecious.
Calyx 5-toothed. Stamens in male flowers 5-10, with the fila-
within the tropics; some few are to be found in the north and
ments joined into a tube ; anthers sessile on the top of the tube.
south of Africa, and a few in the north of Asia. They are
Anthers in the female flowers 10, sessile, 2 between each carpel. furnished with simple lobed or toothed stipulate leaves, and
Carpels 5, 1-styled, containing few ovulæ, at length drupaceous, usually with beautiful flowers. A strapæa, and some genera
coriaceous, with a winged keel
, indehiscent, 1-seeded from
abortion. Albumen none. Embryo very thick, with fleshy
related to it, are amongst the most elegant plants in the world.
unequal cotyledons, and an ovate, acuminated, radicle. Plumule
The flowers of a species of Pentapetes, called by the Indians
2-leaved.-Trees with simple, alternate, lepidoted, entire leaves,
Machucunha, give out a mucilaginous refrigerent juice, which is
and axillary panicles of small, red flowers.
employed in gonorrhoea. Guazûma ulmifolia has its fruit filled
a
-

BYTTNERIACEÆ.
519
1
with a pleasant mucilage, which is sweet and very agreeable. An are drawn out into a ligula on the back, between the lobes of
extract of the bark of the same plant is used in Martinique to the concave part. Albumen wanting.
clarify sugar; its old bark is employed in the form of a strong 7 AYE'NIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals with long claws, arched,
decoction as a sudorific. The Waltheria Durandinha contains broadest at the apex, terminated by pedicellate glands. Ur-
a great deal of mucilage, and is employed by the Brazilians as ceolus of stamens 10-15-toothed, 5 or 10 of these are sterile, and
an antisyphilitic. The seeds of Theobròma Cacào are the cacao 5 fertile, l-anthered. Style crowned by a pentagonal stigma.
of the shops, and from whence the chocolate is obtained. Seeds Carpels 5, 2-valved, conniving into a subglobose, echinated,
of most of the genera are easily introduced in a living state from single fruit. Albumen wanting.
their native places, but those of Theobroma soon become rancid. 8? KLEINHO'VIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, one of which
.
is longer than the rest, and cleft at the apex. Stamens mona-
delphous, divided at the top into 5 bundles opposite the petals,
Synopsis of the Genera.
each bundle bearing 3 anthers on the back. Ovary stipitate.
TRIBE I.
Style crowned by a subcrenated stigma. Capsule inflated,
turbinate, 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-seeded. Seeds roundish. Coty-
BYTTNERIE'Æ. Petals usually concave, and arched at the base ledons spirally twisted around the plumule.
(f. 88. b.), but expanded into a ligula at the apex. Stamens
TRIBE II.
10-30 or more, divided into 5 (f. 89. h.) or 10 bundles. Filaments
5, sterile, ligulate (f. 88. b.), with 5 alternate fertile ones, soli- LASIOPETA`LEÆ. Calyx 5-parted, petaloid (f. 80. b.), per-
tary or ternately-pentadelphous (f. 89. 1. h.), rarely 1-anthered ; manent or marcescent. Petals minute (f. 90. c.), scale-formed,
these are opposite the petals. Ovary 5-celled (f. 88. d.); rarely wanting. Filaments awl-shaped, connate at the base,
,
cells usually 2-seeded. Seeds sometimes exalbumenous, with when 5 they are opposite the petals and fertile, when 10 the alter-
thick cotyledons, sometimes albumenous, with leafy, flat, or convo- nate ones are sterile. Anthers incumbent, with contiguous lobes.
lute cotyledons.
Ovary 3-5-celled; cells 2-8-ovulate. Carpels 5, 2-valved,
1 THEOBRO'MA. Sepals 5 (f. 88. a.). Petals 5 (f. 88. b.), usually closely connected, or sometimes nearly free. Seeds stro-
f5 .
arched at the base. Urceolus of stamens with 5 horns, and phiolate at the base. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight. Coty-
between them 5 2-anthered filaments. Style filiform, crowned ledons flat, leafy.
by a 5-parted stigma. Capsule 5-celled, valveless (f. 88. d.). 9 SERI'NGIA. Calyx marcescent. Petals wanting. Fila-
Seeds imbedded in pulp (f. 88.c.). Albumen wanting. Coty- ments 10, alternate ones sterile. Anthers bursting by dorsal
ledons thick, oily, corrugated.
chinks. Carpels 5, 2-valved, 2-3-seeded. Strophiola of seeds
2 ABRO'MA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with the claws sac- crenate. Stipulas small, deciduous.
cate at the base. Urceolus of stamens 10-cleft, 5 of which bear 10 LASIOPEʼTALON. Calyx permanent (f. 90. c.). Petals 5,
3 anthers each, the other 5 petal-formed. Capsule 5-celled, 5- gland-formed. Filaments 5, free. Anthers bursting by 2 pores
winged, many-seeded. Seeds arillate. Albumen fleshy. Cotyle- on the inside. Ovary 1, 3-celled ; cells containing 2-ovulæ.
dons leafy, transversely flexuous.
Capsule 3-valved (f. 90. b.), with valvular dissepiments, opening
3 GUAZUMA. Sepals 5 or diversely connate, 2-3-parted. at the cells. Strophiola of seeds jagged. Stipulas wanting.
Petals 5, 2-horned at the apex. Filaments hardly connate at the 11 GUICHENO'TIA. Calyx permanent. Petals 5, gland-formed.
base, divided into 5 sterile lobes, and 5 alternate threads, which Filaments 5, free. Anthers opening by lateral chinks. Ovary
are trifid at the apex, each division bearing an anther. Styles 5, 5-celled; cells containing 5-ovulæ, densely tomentose on the
conniving. Capsule woody, tubercled, valveless, 5-celled, open- inside. Stipulas wanting.
ing by 10 holes at the apex, many-seeded. Seeds ovate. Coty- 12 THOMA'SIA. Calyx permanent, veiny. Petals 5, scale-
ledons plaited.
formed or wanting. Filaments for the most part connate at the
4 Glossoste'MON. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, terminating base, 5 or 10. Anthers bursting by lateral chinks. Ovary 3-
GLOSSOSTE'MON
in a filiform acumen. Stamens 25-35, monadelphous at the celled ; cells containing 2-8-ovulæ. Capsule 3-valved, with
base, divided into 5 bundles, and 5 sterile strap-formed pro- valvular dissepiments, opening at the cells. Strophiola of seed
cesses. Ovary 1, 5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Style 1, crown- crenate. Stipulas leafy, permanent.
ed by 5 stigmas. Capsule covered with bristles.
5
13 KERAUDRE'NIA. Calyx permanent. Petals wanting. Fila-
5 COMMERSO'NIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, dilated, and sac- ments 5, fertile, imbricately conniving at the base. Anthers
cate at the base, tapering gradually into a ligula at the apex. . bursting by dorsal chinks. Ovary 3-celled ; cells containing
Stamens 10, connate at the base, 5 of which are sterile and many-ovulæ.
many-ovulæ. Styles 3, partly connected. Capsule echinately-
petaloid, stellately spreading; the other 5 are awl-shaped and tomentose, 1-celled from abortion, 3-valved. Strophiola of seed
fertile, bearing 1-2 anthers each. Styles 5. Ovary 5-celled ; entire. Stipulas minute, permanent.
cells 3-5, ovulate. Capsule 3-5 valved, echinated with bristles.
Albumen fleshy. Inflorescence cymose.
TRIBE III.
6 BYTTNE' RIA. The same as Commersònia, but the fertile HERMANNIE'Æ. Calyx 5-lobed, permanent, sometimes naked,
filaments are awl-shaped, bearing 2anthers each, and the petals sometimes involucrated. Petals 5, spirally twisted before expan-

520
BYTTNERIACEÆ,
a
sion. Stamens 5 (f. 91. e.), monadelphous at the base, all fertile, 22 Asso`nia. Calyx girded by a 3-crenate, 1-leaved involucel.
and opposite the petals (f. 91. b.). Anthers ovate, 2-celled (f. Antheriferous filaments 15, 3 fertile between each sterile one.
91. e.). Carpels connected into a single fruit (f. 91. d.). Styles 5, very short. Carpels 5, 2-seeded, closely connected into
Albumen fleshy. Embryo inclosed, curved with an inferior, ovate a single capsule. Seeds rather triquetrous, not winged.
radicle, and flat leafy entire cotyledons.
23 DOMBE'YA. Calyx girded by an unilateral 3-leaved in-
.
14 MELO'CHIA. Calyx naked, or furnished with 1-3 bracteas volucel. Stamens 15-20, hardly monadelphous at the base, 5
at the base. Petals spreading. Styles 5. Capsule 5-celled, 5-
Styles 5. Capsule 5-celled, 5. sterile, with 2 or 3 fertile ones between each sterile one. Style
valved. Valves with a dissepiment in the middle of each. Seeds 1, divided at the apex into 5 reflexed stigmas. Carpels 5,
1-2 in each cell. Peduncles many-flowered, opposite the leaves. 2-valved, 1 or many-seeded, closely connected into a single
15 RIEDLE'IA. Calyx naked, or furnished with 1-3 bracteas capsule. Cotyledons twisted, bifid.
at the base. Petals spreading. Styles 5. Carpels 5, connected
24 MELHA'NIA. In every respect the same as Dombèya, but
into a sub-globose 5-celled capsule, at length becoming distinct, the stamens are 10, 5 sterile, and 5 alternate fertile, bearing 1-
and opening by a longitudinal chink, each containing 1-2 seeds,
2 anthers each.
with the central axis free.
25 TROCHE'TIA. Calyx without an involucel (f. 92. a.). Sta-
16 WALTHE'RIA. Calyx furnished with a 3-leaved lateral mens 20, monadelphous at the base (f. 92. e.), 5 of which are
deciduous involucel. Style 1, crowned by a pencil-formed
sterile (f. 92. d.). Style filiform (f. 92. f.). Capsule 5-celled,
stigma. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved, 1-seeded, or perhaps there 5-valved. Seeds small, roundish, wingless.
are 5 carpels, and 4 of which are abortive.
26 PTEROSPE’RMUM. Calyx naked or involucrated, tubular
17 ALTHE'RIA. Calyx girded by a 3-leaved involucel. Sta- at the base. Stamens 20, 5 of which are sterile. Style cylin-
mens 5, joined into a monadelphous tube. Anthers bursting on drical, crowned by a thickish stigma. Capsule woody, 5-celled,
the outside. Ovary pentagonal.
Ovary pentagonal. Styles 5, connected. Carpels 5-valved. Seeds ending in a wing. Albumen sparing or
5, joined, 1-seeded. Seeds fixed by the centre.
wanting
18 HERMA'NNIA. Calyx naked, campanulate. Filaments 27 VISE'NIA. Calyx naked. Stamens 5, monadelphous at
monadelphous at the base, lanceolate, usually winged. Styles the base, without any sterile ones. Carpels 5, connate, 2-valved,
5, connected together. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved ; cells
many-
1-seeded. Seeds fixed to the bottom of the carpels, ending in a
seeded.
wing at the apex.
Albumen sparing.
19 MAHE'RNIA. Calyx naked, campanulate. Limbs of pe-
28 ASTRAPÆ'A. Umbel of flowers girded by a many-leaved
tals obcordate (f. 91. b.), spirally convolute. Filaments mona-
common involucrum ; leaflets roundish-ovate, 2 outer ones op-
delphous at the base (f. 91. c.), each dilated in the middle into posite. Calyx of 5 sepals, furnished with 1 bractea on the
a cordate tubercle, or a little hollow (f. 91. g.). Styles 5, some-
outside. Petals convolutely closed, as in Malvaviscus. Stamens
times joined (f. 91. d.). Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved (f. 91. d.), 2-5, in a long tube, 5 sterile, and 20 fertile. Ovary 5-celled.
many-seeded.
Style 1, crowned by 5 stigmas. Seed free, not winged.
Genera allied to Dombeyàceæ.
TRIBE IV.
29 Ky'DIA. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed, girded by a 4-
DOMBEYA'CEA. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 92. a. f. 93. a.). Petals 6-leaved involucel; leaflets of involucel adnate to the calyx.
5 (f. 92. b. f. 93. c.), flat, large, somewhat unequal-sided, con- Petals 5, obliquely obcordate. Stamens in a long tube, divided
volute in æstivation. Stamens (f. 92. e. f. 93. e.) multiple the at the
apex
into 5 4-anthered bundles. Ovary 1. Style trifid.
4
number of petals in one series, monadelphous (f. 92. c. and d.), Stigmas dilated.
Stigmas dilated. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, 3-seeded. Seeds
, --
rarely all fertile (f. 92. d), usually with some of them sterile (f. fixed to the bottom of the cells.
92. d.); these are either awl-shaped or strap-formed, others fer- 30 Glu'TA. Calyx campanulate, deciduous, naked. Petals
tile. There are commonly 2 or 3 (f. 92.c.) fertile ones between each
5, lanceolate, adhering to the long stipe-formed torus. Stamens
sterile one (f. 92. d.), more or less joined together. "Styles 3-5,
Styles 3-5, monadelphous, adhering around the torus. Anthers round, ver-
joined (f. 92. g.), or free. Ovulæ in each cell 2 or more. Em-
satile. Ovary obovate. Style 1.
bryo straight in the axis of a fleshy albumen. Cotyledons leafy, 31 MARA'NTHUS. Calyx naked, about the length of the
usually bifid, twisted or flat.
petals. Stamens numerous, rather connate at the base, all fer-
20 Ruizia. Calyx girded by a 3-leaved involucel. Stamens
tile. Anthers 2-celled. Style 1, lateral, crowned by a simple
numerous, monadelphous, all bearing anthers. Style 10. Car-
stigma. Drupe oval, villous, 2-celled; cells 1-seeded. Seeds
pels 10, 2-seeded, closely cohering. Seeds somewhat trique- fixed by the base.
,
trous, not winged.
TRIBE V.
21 PENTA'PETES. Calyx girded by an unilateral, 3-leaved in-
volucel. Stamens with 3 antheriferous filaments between each WALLICHIE'Æ. Calyx 5-lobed (f. 93. a.), girded by a 3-5
sterile one. Style 1, 5-toothed at the apex, or styles 5, con- leaved (f. 93. b.) involucel, which is distant from the flower. Pe-
nected. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. Seeds naked, tals 5 (f. 93. c.), flat. Stamens numerous, in a long tube (f. 93.
not winged.
e.), outer ones smallest. Anthers 2-celled, erect.
a

BYTTNERIACEÆ. I. THEOBROMA.
521
a
-
32 ERIOLÆ'NA. Calyx tomentose, girded by a 5-leaved in- ness, flesh-coloured within; pulp whitish, the consistence of but-
volucel ; leaflets jagged, 3 inner ones largest, all shorter than the ter, separating from the rind in a state of ripeness, and adhering
only to it by filaments, which penetrate it and reach to the seeds.
calyx. Petals unguiculate. Stamens disposed in many series,
Hence it is known when the seeds are ripe by the rattling of
monadelphous, outer ones shortest, all fertile. Style solitary,
the capsule when it is shaken. The pulp has a sweet and not
villous, crowned by numerous aggregate, small stigmas.
unpleasant taste, with a slight acidity; it is sucked and eaten
33 WALLI'CHIA. Involucel small, of 3-4 leaves, distant from raw by the natives. The seeds are large, about 25 in number
the flower. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, reflexed, with thick
. 4
in each capsule; when fresh they are of a flesh-colour: gathered
before they are ripe, they preserve them in sugar, and thus
velvety claws. Stamens about 20, in a monadelphous conical
they are very grateful to the palate : they quickly lose their
tube, outer ones shortest. Ovary ovate, 8-celled. Style 1,
power of vegetation if taken out of the capsule, but kept in
crowned by 8 stigmas. Cells of capsule 1-seeded.
they preserve that power for a long time. The trees bear leaves,
34 GOETHE'A. Calyx girded by a large, bladdery, 4-5-parted fruit, and flowers all the year through ; but the usual seasons
involucel (f. 93. b.). Petals 5, connected a little at the base (f.
for gathering the fruit are June and December. The third
year
from seed it shows for fruit. A tree yields from two to three
93. c.). Filaments in a long monadelphous column (f. 93. e.).
pounds of seed annually. These seeds are remarkably nourish-
Anthers ovate, 2-celled. Style elongated, cleft at the apex
into
ing, and agreeable to most people, which occasions them to be
8-10 stigmas (f. 93. g.). Carpels 5, coriaceous, 1-seeded (f. kept in most houses in America as a necessary part of the pro-
93, h.).
visions of the family. In this intention they are first brought to
a pulverisable state by drying or roasting in a proper apparatus ;
Tribe I.
they are then ground or powdered very fine, a little arnotta, and
sometimes orange-water, aromatic spices, and some aromatic
BYTTNERIE'Æ (plants agreeing with Byttnèria, in im-
perfumes added, and made into a paste, which is formed into
portant characters,) D. C. prod. 1. p. 484.—Byttneriàceæ veræ,
.
cakes or rolls of one pound each; they are much charged with
Kunth. diss. malv. p. 6. nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. p. 309. oil, but mix well with milk or water. This simple prepar-
Petals 5, generally concavely arched at the base (f. 88. b.),
ation of chocolate is the most natural and the best. It is daily
expanding into a ligula at the apex (f. 88. b.). Stamens 10-
used amongst most families in the eastern part of South Ame-
30 or more. Tube of stamens variously divided, with 5 or 10
rica, where the tree is largely cultivated, and affords a nutri-
sterile segments (f. 88. c.), and 5-30 2-celled anthers opposite
tious food for children as well as adults. But chocolate made
the petals. Styles 5 or style 5-cleft. Ovary 5-celled (f. 88. d.);
abroad cannot by law be imported into this country, conse-
cells usually 2, rarely many-seeded (f. 88.c.). Seeds sometimes
quently all chocolate consumed in Great Britain ought to be
exalbuminous, with thick cotyledons, sometimes albuminous,
made here. It is composed principally of the kernel of the
with leafy, flat, or convolute cotyledons.
cacao as above mentioned, but the art is in very few hands; and
it is believed that a small portion of soap is added to most
I. THEOBRO'MA (from 0ɛos, theos, god, and Bpwpa, broma, British chocolate, in order to cause it to froth when it is dis-
food; celestial food. The seeds of T. cacáo furnish the choco- solved in hot water. The original manner of making chocolate
late.) Juss. gen. 276. Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 316. D. C. by the Spaniards was to use cacao nut, maize, and raw sugar,
prod. 1. p. 484.—Cacào, Tourn. inst. t. 444.
.
as expressed from the cane, with a little arnotta added to
LIN. SYST. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx of 5 sepals (f. give it a colour, mixed together and ground between two stones;
88. a.). Petals 5, arched at the base (f. 88. b.), drawn out into they made a kind of bread, which served them equally for solid
a spatulate ligula at the apex. Urceolus of stamens furnished food and for drink, eating it dry when hungry, and steeping it
with 5 little horns, and between each there are 5 2-anthered in hot water when thirsty. The Indians to one pound of roasted
filaments. Style filiform. Stigma 5-parted. Capsule 5-celled, nut put one pound of sugar, dissolved in rose-water, and half a
without valves (f. 88. d.). Seeds embedded in a soft pulp pound of flour of maize. But the Spaniards and other nations
(f. 88.c.). Albumen none. Cotyledons thick, oily, wrinkled. afterwards added a great number of other ingredients to the
Trees with large simple leaves, and with the flowers rising composition of chocolate; all of which rather spoil than mend it,
in clusters from the branches, only 1-3 of which produce fruit. vanilla excepted. In Spain chocolate is made up in various
1 T. Caca'o (Lin. spec. 1100.)
ways, with almonds, pepper, arnotta, cinnamon, anise, vanilla,
leaves quite entire, elliptic-oblong,
FIG. 88.
&c. which is mixed at discretion; they frequently mix their
acuminated, quite smooth; fruit
paste with orange water, which they think gives it a greater
oblong, smooth.
h. S. Native
consistence and firmness. The cacào used on board of ships
of South America at the height of
and in the West Indies, usually is nothing more than the ground
600 feet. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 554.
seeds without any admixture.
Cacào sativa, Lam. dict. 1. p. 553.
The trees in the island of Trinidad and the Spanish Main are
ill. t. 653. Cacào theobroma, Tuss.
planted in low moist savannahs under the shade of Erythrina
ant. t. 13. Cacào mìnus, Gært.
umbrosa, generally two rows of Cacào for one of Erythrina.
fruct. 2. p. 190. t. 122. Cat. carol.
Those grown in the jurisdiction of Carthagena are said to excel
3. t. 6. Flowers brownish, ino-
those of the Caraccas, Maracayba, and Guayaquil, both as to size
dorous. The Mexicans call the
OC
and goodness of fruit. The Magdalena cacào is said to be
beverage obtained from these nuts
much more oily than that grown at Caraccas; to correct this
chocolalt; hence chocolate, from a
the former is mixed with the latter. The fruit is gathered when
chacot, sound, and alte or atte,
ripe, after which it is opened and the seeds taken out, and left
water. Fruit large, long, smooth,
in the air to dry. When fully dried they are put into bags, and
yellow, red, or of both colours,
LEO sent to the market and sold. The Cacào trees so much delight
about 3 inches in diameter ; rind
in water, that the ground where they are planted must be re-
fleshy, near half an inch in thick-
duced to a mire, and if not carefully supplied with water they
3 X
a
a
VOL. I.PART VI.

522
BYTTNERIACEÆ. I. THEOBROMA. II. ABROMA. III. GUAZUMA.
a
do not thrive. They must also be planted in the shade of other leafy, transversely flexuous.
leafy, transversely flexuous. Small trees, with hairy lobed
trees; for this purpose the plantations are always formed some leaves and extra-axillary or terminal few-flowered peduncles
years before the cacao seeds are sown, by planting Erythrina at the tops of the branches.
umbròsa, or other umbrageous trees, in rows at certain distances, 1 A. AUGU'STA (Lin. fil. suppl. 341.) branches soft, velvety-
so as to admit of 1, 2 or 3 rows of Cacào between each row of tomentose; adult leaves cordate, ovate-oblong, acuminated, ser-
such trees. The seeds are sown 2 or 3 together, at about 2 rulated, glabrous, or covered with simple or stellate down be-
yards distant in the rows, and when the plants are about a foot neath, lower leaves roundish, cordate, 3-5-angled; wings of
high all are removed except the strongest plant. No countries capsule truncated at the apex, with the exterior angle acutish.
are better adapted for Cacào than Guayaquil, the Caraccas, and ħ.S. Native of the East Indies. A. augusta and A. Whelèri,
the island of Trinidad, as they consist of savannahs or wide plains Willd. spec. 3. p. 1424 and 1425. A. fastuosa, Jacq. vind.
overflowed with water, and in summer plentifully supplied by 3.
p. 3. t. 1. Gært. fruct. 1. p. 306. t. 64. Peduncles terminal
canals or rivulets. The culture of the tree requires no other opposite the leaves. Lower leaves cordate, 3-5-lobed, 5-7-
attention besides that of clearing the ground from weeds and nerved, upper ones ovate-lanceolate, undivided. Flowers droop-
shrubs. This is so necessary that if neglected these vegetables ing, of a dark dirty purple-colour.
will in a few years destroy the cacào plantations by robbing August Abroma. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1770. Tree 10 feet.
the soil of all its nourishment.
2 A. FASTUO'SA (R. Br. in hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 409.)
There are several varieties which differ chiefly in the size, branches muricated; adult leaves scabrous from forked or sim-
colour, and shape of the capsules.
ple bristles; wings of capsule somewhat truncate at the apex,
Common Cacao or Chocolate-nut. Clt. 1739. Tree 16 feet. with the exterior angle acuminated. h. S. Native of the
2 T. GUIANE'NSIS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1422.) leaves acuminate,
.
island of Timor and New Holland. A. fastuosum, Gært. fruct.
repandly-toothed, tomentose beneath. h.s. Native of Guiana 1. p. 307. t. 64. Sal. par. lond. t. 102.
lond. t. 102. Lower leaves cordate,
in moist woods. . Cacào Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 2. t. 275. acutely 5-lobed, upper ones ovate, somewhat cordate, undivided.
Calyx green without, but yellow within. Petals yellow. Fruit Flowers dark-purple.
ovate, 5-angled, clothed with rusty down. The kernel is white, Disdainful Abroma. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1800. Tree 10 ft.
and very good eating when fresh. This is probably the Důrio 3 A. MO'LLIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 485.) branches rather velvety;
.
eriopila, Lin.
adult leaves cordate, acuminated, serrated, velvety from very
Guiana Chocolate-nut. Clt. 1803. Tree 10 feet.
short, soft, crowded down, and stellate bristles ; lower leaves
3 T. SYLVE'STRIS ; leaves entire, downy beneath ; fruit downy. roundish, cordate, somewhat 5-lobed ; wings of capsule truncate
h.S. Native of Guiana. Cacào sylvestris, Aubl. guian. 2. at the apex, with the exterior angle obtuse. n.s. Native of
p. 687. t. 276. This is asserted by Willdenow to be the Dùrio the Moluccas and Java. Lower leaves cordate, roundish,
eriopila of Lin. but upon what authority we know not, as there scarcely lobed ; upper ones also cordate, acuminated, serrated,
is no specimen of it in the Linnean herbarum. Flowers yellow. on very short stalks, all are soft and velvety to the touch.
Wood Chocolate-nut. Tree 16 feet.
Flowers dark-purple.
4 T. BICOLOR (H. B. pl. equin. 1. p. 104. t. 30.) leaves ob- Soft-leaved Abroma. Tree 10 feet?
long, obliquely-cordate, whitish beneath, and 7-nerved. h.s. Cult. The species of Abroma will thrive well in any light
Native of New Granada in warm valleys. Fruit drupaceous, rich soil, or a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings will root
oval, indehiscent, variously excavated, silky. The seeds are freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Seeds ripen in abund-
mixed with the common Cacào by the inhabitants.
Two-coloured-leaved Chocolate-nut. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 ft.
5 T. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex, ined. D. C. prod. III. GUAZUMA (a name of Mexican origin, employed by
1. p. 484.) leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, acuminated at Plumier,) Plum. gen. 36. t. 18. Juss. Cav. and Pers. D. C.
.
the apex, 3-nerved at the base, pale beneath. h.S. Native prod. 1. p. 485.--Bubroma, Schreb. gen. no. 1216.
of Brazil and Mexico. T. speciosa, Willd. herb. ex Spreng. LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx of 5 sepals,
Flowers of a dirty peach-colour. Limb of petals oblong, sti- diversely connate, 2-3-parted. Petals 5, ending in a bifid li-
pitate. Sterile filaments obovate-oblong, a little longer than gula at the apex. Filaments of stamens monadelphous at the
the petals. Fruit ovate.
base, with a very short exserted tube, divided into 5 sterile,
Narrow-leaved Chocolate-nut. Tree 20 feet.
ovate, entire lobes, and 5 linear fertile ones, which are trifid at
6 T. OVATIFÒLIA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined.) leaves the apex, each division bearing 1 anther each at their apexes.
ovate, very entire, 3-nerved at the base, somewhat cordate-pel- Styles 5, conniving: Capsules woody, tubercled, filled with
tate, blunt at the apex, hoary from tomentum beneath. His.
ħ. S. mucilage, imperfectly 5-valved, 5-celled, opening by a tenfold
Native of Mexico. Flowers small. Sepals acuminate. Fruit number of holes, many-seeded. Seeds angular. Albumen
egg-shaped, wrinkled from elevated ribs.
fleshy. Cotyledons flattish. Trees covered with stellate down.
Ovate-leaved Chocolate-nut. Tree 15 feet.
Leaves alternate, simple, cordate and unequal at the base, cadu-
Cult. All the species of Theobròma will thrive well in a cous. Stipulas lateral. Peduncles axillary and terminal, somewhat
light rich soil, or a mixture of loam and peat, in a moist heat. dichotomously branched. The species are probably mere varieties.
Cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Seeds do 1 G. ULMIFÒLIA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 52.) adult leaves smooth on
not long retain their power of vegetation.
both surfaces. h. S. Native of the West Indies. Theobroma
Guazuma, Lin. spec. 1100. Plum. ed. Burm. t. 144. but with
II. ABRO'MA (from a priv. and Bpwua, broma, food; not the leaves less cordate, and the racemes less elongated. Pluk.
fit for food, in opposition to Theobroma,) Lin. fil. suppl. 341. alm. t. 77. f. 5. Bubròma Guazuma, and perhaps B. Invira,
Sal.
par.
102. Kunth, nov. gen. 5. p. 318.
Willd. enum. 806. The leaves, according to M. De Candolle, are
LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-parted. Pe. ovate or oblong, unequally toothed, acuminate at the apex;
tals 5, with the claws dilated and saccate at the base. Urceolus younger ones hardly downy on the nerves, with stellate hairs.
of stamens 10-cleft, 5 of which bear 3 anthers each, with the Petals yellow, with two purple awns at the apex. A wide
alternate 5 petal-like, and sterile. Capsules 5-celled, 5-winged, spreading tree, not unlike the elm, with leaves that sleep hanging
many-seeded. Seeds arillate. Albumen fleshy. Cotyledons quite down, whilst the petioles remain entirely stiff and straight.
ance.
a
1

BYTTNERIACEÆ. III. GUAZUMA. IV. GLOSSOSTEMON. V. COMMERSONIA.
523
a
It grows in the lowlands of Jamaica and other West India Islands, bundle. Ovary 1,5-celled ; cells many-seeded. Style 1. Stigmas
forming a very agreeable shade for the cattle, and supplying 5. Capsule globose, covered with bristles. This genus is allied
them with food in dry weather, when all the herbage is burned on the one hand to Sparmánnia and on the other to Byttnèria.
up or exhausted. The pods are filled with mucilage, which is 1 G. BRUGUIE'RI (D. C. prod. 1. p. 486.) ħ. F. Native of
p
very agreeable to the palate; it can be sweetened at pleasure. Persia near Bagdad. Leaves stalked, ovate, roundish, some-
It has the taste of green figs. The wood is light, and so easily what lobed, toothed, hispid from starry hairs. Flowers corym-
wrought, that it is generally used by coach-makers in all the side bous, rose-coloured.
pieces. (Browne.) It is also frequently cut into staves for Bruguiere's Glossostemon. Shrub 10 feet?
casks. A decoction of the inner bark is very glutinous, and Cult. This shrub only requires to be sheltered from the frost.
very like that of elm. It is said to be excellent in elephantiasis, Cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass.
a disorder to which the negroes are much subject. The old
bark passes for a sudorific, and is said to be excellent in dis-
eases of the chest, for this purpose boil three or four ounces V. COMMERSO'NIA (in honour of Philibert Commerson,
in three pints of water, and let it be reduced to two.
M.D. a French botanist from Bourg in Brest. He accompanied
Elm-leaved Bastard-cedar or Orme d'Amerique. Fl. Aug. M. de Bougainville in his voyage round the world ; on this voyage
Sep. Clt. 1739. Tree 40 to 60 feet.
he stopped at the Isle of France, where he died in 1774, after
2 G. TOMENTO'SA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 320.) having explored that island, and collected a great number of new
leaves rather hairy above, but clothed with fine white tomentum plants). Forst. gen. 43. t. 22. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
beneath. n. S. Bubroma tomentòsum, Spreng. Perhaps suf- 5. p. 311. in a note. D. C. prod. 1. p. 486.
ficiently distinct from both the other species. Flowers yellow; LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-cleft, petal-
petals ciliated. Leaves serrated.
like, permanent. Petals 5, dilated and saccate at the base, with
Var. az Mompoxénsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) corymbs twice as inflexed margins tapering gradually into a long ligula at the top,
long as the leaves; calyx 2-parted. h. S. Native of South adhering to the fertile filaments at the base. Stamens 10, with
h.S.
America about Mompox, at the river Magdalena, and in New the filaments connate at the base, with 5 sterile petal-like fila-
Andalusia.
ments, which spread stellately at the apex, alternating with 5
Var.? B, Cumanénsis (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) panicles one- fertile 1-2-anthered ones; these are opposite the petals. Anthers
half shorter than the leaves ; calyx 3-parted. n.š. Native of 2-lobed, opening by a chink on both sides. Styles 5. Ovary 5-
South America near Cumana. Perhaps a proper species. celled, 5-valved, each cell containing 3 or 5 ovulæ. Capsules 3-
Tomentose-leaved American Elm. Clt. 1816. Tree 12 feet. 5-valved, echinated with villous bristles. Albumen fleshy.
3 G. POLYBOʻTRYA (Cav. icon. 3. p. 51. t. 299.) leaves vel- Cotyledons flat. Inflorescence cymose. Perhaps sufficiently
vety-tomentose from starry down beneath, younger ones pubes- distinct from Byttnèria.
cent above, adult ones smooth. H.S. Native of New Spain 1 C. ECHINA'TA (Forst. I. c.) stem arboreous ; leaves ovate-
and St. Domingo, and perhaps of Brazil, if Bubròma polybó- lanceolate, smoothish above, hoary beneath. Đ.s. Native of
tryum, Willd. enum. 806. is the same.-Guacìmo, Hern. mex. the Moluccas, New Caledonia, as well as the Friendly and Society
401. f. 1. Leaves equal at the base and toothed.
Islands.—Rumph. amb. 3. p. 119. There is a variety with cor-
Many-racemed Bastard-cedar. Clt. 1816. Tree 20 feet. date, ovate, or unequal leaves. Flowers panicled, hoary.
4 G. BLU'MII; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, cordate at Echinate-fruited Commersonia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806.
the base, unequal-sided and unequally toothed, stellately-puberu- Tree 20 feet.
lous above, white beneath from stellate down. R.S. Native 2 C. AʼSPERA (Colebr. mss. in Roxb. A. ind. 2.
p.
383. under
of Java. G. tomentòsa, Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. Buttnèria,) leaves broad, cordate, entire, obtuse, with a short
p. 655. but not of Kunth.
acumen, pubescent beneath, twice as long as the petioles; umbels
Blume's Bastard-cedar. Tree 30 feet.
of flowers axillary, corymbose; capsules very large, with stout
5 G. GRANDIFLORA ; leaves large, oblong, abruptly acumi- short, remote thorns. Shrubby, unarmed. h. v. S. Native of
nated, quite entire, 3-nerved, pale beneath; peduncles subrace-
peduncles subrace. Chittagong in the East Indies.
Chittagong in the East Indies. B. grandifòlia, D. C. prod. 1.
mose, and are as well as the calyxes densely tomentose.
p. 486. Stems 2 or 3 feet in circumference. Flowers small,
Native of Brazil. Bubròma grandiflòrum, Willd. herb. ex Spreng. yellowish, and villous without ; pink-coloured within. This is
.
syst. 3. p. 332.
probably the largest species known. The fruit resembles Da-
Great-flowered American Elm. Tree 40 feet.
tùra, whence its Bengalee name, Climbing Dhootura. It is a
6 G. INVI'RA ; leaves subcordate, lanceolate, unequally ser- large, rambling, or climbing shrub.
rated, smoothish. n. S. Native of Brazil, where it is called Rough Commersonia. Shrub cl.
Invira. Bubròma Invìra, Willd. enum. 806.
3 C. JaveʼNSIS ; stem arboreous; leaves ovate-oblong, acu-
Invira American Elm Tree 40 feet.
minated, unequally cordate, scabrous from stellate down above,
Cult. The species thrive well in a mixture of loam and and white beneath from tomentum. n. S. Native of Java.
peat, or any rich light soil; and cuttings root freely in any C. echinàta, Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 655.
kind of soil if placed under a hand-glass in heat. The seeds Java Commersonia. Tree.
retain their power of vegetation a considerable time.
4 C. HERBACEA ; leaves cordate, acuminated, toothed; calyx
reflexed; mucrones of petals hairy ; peduncles axillary, few-
flowered. 4. S. Native on the coast of Coromandel on the
IV. GLOSSOSTE'MON (from yrwosa, glossa, tongue, and Circar mountains. Buttnèria herbàcea, Roxb. cor. 1. t. 29.
otnuwv, stemon, a stamen; in allusion to the shape of the sterile Flowers small, purple.
filaments,) Desf. mem. mus. 3. p. 238. t. 2. H. B. et Kunth, Herbaceous Commersonia. Pl. 1 foot.
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 311. in a note. D. C. prod. 1. p. 485. 5 C. JACKIA'NA (Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 386. under Butt-
LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-parted. Pe- nèria,) leaves oblong, acuminated, entire, on very short petioles ;
tals 5, each terminated by a filiform point. Stamens 25-35, flowers axillary, coi ymbose, on long peduncles ; capsules echi-
monadelphous at the base, divided at the top into 5 distinct bun- nated, with softish thorns. h. v.S. Native of the East Indies on
dles, with a sterile tongue-shaped filament in the middle of each the hills of Penang. A large, climbing, unarmed shrub, rough
ħ.s.
2
3 x 2

524
BYTTNERIACEÆ. V. COMMERSONIA. VI. BYTTNERIA,
.
.
h. s.
.
.
with stellate hairs. Flowers larger than those of the C. áspera Van Diemen's Land. Commersònia diphylla, Andr. bot. rep.
species, yellowish ?
t. 603. Flowers white, in terminal corymbs.
Jack's Commersonia. Fl. Sept. Shrub cl.
Thick-leaved Byttneria. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1780. Sh. 4 ft.
.
6 C. PLATYPHY'LLA (Andr. bot. rep. no. 603. t. 519. under 2 B. PANNÒSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 486.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
C. echinàta,) hairy ; stem shrubby ; leaves broad, ovate, acu- late, unequally serrate-toothed, pubescent above, hairy beneath;
minated, unequally toothed, obliquely cordate, hairy on both mucrones of petals shorter than the segments of the calyx.
surfaces. h. S. Native of the Molucca Islands. Sims, bot. h. G. Native of New Holland. Rulíngia pannòsa, R. Br.
mag. t. 519. Flowers white, in axillary panicles.
in bot. mag. t. 2191. Byttnèria inodòra, Gay. ined. Lasiopé-
Var. B, Leschenáultii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 486.). M. de Can- talum tomentosum, Cels. B. austràlis, Sieb. Flowers white from
dolle has a specimen from the botanic garden of Calcutta which tomentum, in axillary panicles.
is
very like C. platyphylla, but the leaves are equally serrate, Cloth-leaved Byttneria. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1800. Sh. 3 ft?
smooth above; the panicles are axillary and leafy, and the 3 B. HERMANNIÆFÒLIA (Gay, in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 486.)
floriferous branches opposite the leaves. Perhaps a proper leaves ovate, unequally crenate-toothed, tomentose beneath ; mu-
species?
crones of petals shorter than the segments of the calyx. h. G.
Broad-leaved Commersonia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1806. Sh. 4 ft. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson. Flowers white.
7 C. PILÒSA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 381. under Buttnèria) leaves Hermannia-leaved Byttneria. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1823. Sh.
with from 3-5 acute angles, toothed, 7-nerved, with a large long
gland on the middle one near the base ; umbels of flowers axil-
§ 2. Unarmed species, natives of America, and one from the
Mauritius.
lary, proliferous; mucrones of petals filiform ; stem twining.
h.v. S. Native of Chittagong in the East Indies. Petals 4 B. MACROPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
yellow on the outside and red within, of a bright orange-colour 315.) leaves cordate, ovate-roundish, obtuse, serrate-crenate,
at the top.
Younger branches hairy. This climbs to a great marked at the base with a clear spot, and are as well as branches
extent.
pubescent ; peduncles many-flowered, axillary, usually in threes.
Hairy-branched Commersonia. Fl. Sept. Shrub cl.
4.8. Native of New Granada near Honda. Points of petals
8 C. GAUDICHAU'DI (Gay. in litt. D. c. prod. 1. p. 486.) dark-purple.
stem shrubby ; leaves profoundly cordate, unequal-sided ; his- Long-leaved Byttneria. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
pid above, tomentose beneath. h. G. Native of New Holland 5 B. MELASTOMOIDES (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 144. t. 28.)
on the eastern coast. Flowers probably white.
stem suffruticose, nearly simple ; leaves ovate, quite entire,
Gaudichaud's Commersonia. Shrub 3 feet.
. 3
smooth, upper ones lanceolate; panicle terminal, elongated,
9 C. Frase'ri (Gay, ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 954.) leaves nearly simple; tube of stamens 5-lobed ; lobes very obtuse, 3-
ovate-oblong, serrated, tomentose beneath ; cymes opposite the crenate, sterile; anthers sessile beneath the lobes.
leaves ; sterile filaments elongated, petal-like, spatulate. ħ. G. Native of Brazil. Racemes compound, involucrated, disposed in
Native of New Holland.
umbel-like fascicles along the rachis.
Fraser's Commersonia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Melastoma-like Byttneria. Fl. July. Shrub 2 feet.
Cult. These shrubs will grow well in a mixture of loam and 6 B. GAYA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. i. p. 145.) stem shrubby,
peat, and ripened cuttings will root readily in sand under a scandent, unarmed ; leaves oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, long-
hand-glass, those of the first seven in heat.
acuminated, quite entire, smoothish ; peduncles axillary, umbel-
liferous; tube of stamens 5-cleft, with the antheriferous divisions
VI. BYTTNE'RIA (in honour of David Sigismund Augus-
a little below. h.v. S. Native of Brazil in the province of
tus Byttner, once a professor of botany in the University of
St. Paul. Petals dark-purple, ending in yellow points.
Gottingen; who published in 1750 a catalogue of the plants in
Gay’s Byttneria. Fl. March. Shrub climbing.
the garden of an amateur named Cunon). Loefi. itin. 313. Lin.
7 B. SIDÆFÒLIA (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 146.) stem suffruticose,
gen. no. 268. but not of Duhamel. D. C. prod. 1.
climbing, unarmed; leaves heart-shaped, acuminated, very acute,
486.
p.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-cieft. Petals
SYST
quite entire ; corymbs sublateral ; tube of stamens 10-cleft, 5
5, unguiculate, concave at the base, drawn into a ligula between
sterile divisions broadest, antheriferous, 5, very short and nar-
the lobes of the concave part, which is variously divided. Tube
row. h. v. S. Native of Brazil on the banks of the river
of stamens urceolate, variously divided, with 5 sterile segments
Parahyba near Uba. Petals smooth, white.
and 5 alternate, fertile ones opposite the petals, bearing twin or
Sida leaved Byttneria. Fl. Feb. Shrub cl. or tw.
subglobose anthers. Style short, smooth, crowned by 5 stigmas.
8 B. BRASILIE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 790.) leaves subcor-
Capsule subglobose 5-lobed, echinated; carpels 1-seeded from date-oblong, acuminated, triple-nerved, serrated, floccosely-to-
abortion. Albumen wanting. Cotyledons convolute. Erect mentose; peduncles axillary, subracemose ; branches terete,
or scandent shrubs. Leaves simple.
tomentose.
Leaves simple. Umbels simple, disposed
h.S. Native of Brazil.
in something like racemes or panicles, rarely in corymbs.
Brazilian Byttneria. Shrub.
Flowers small, usually dark purple. Calyx and corolla valvate.
9 B. CATALPÆFÒLIA (Jacq. hort. schonbr. 1. t. 46.) leaves
This genus differs from Commersònia in the ligula of the petals cordate, quite entire, smooth, acuminate; stem climbing. ñ.v.S.
ħ
being inserted on the back of the cucullate part of the petals,
Native of Caraccas. Flowers white. Peduncles solitary or
not gradually ending in a ligula as in that genus.
tern, axillary, panicled.
Catalpa-leaved Byttneria. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
$ 1. Unarmed species, native of New Holland (allied to Com-
10 B. HETEROPHY'LLA (Hook, bot. misc. pt. 3. p. 287. t. 61.)
mersònia). Rulingia, R. Brown. These plants perhaps agree
climbing ; leaves cordate, with a short acumen, entire, lobed,
better with Commersònia than with Byttnèria. This section is no
or palmate; petals with a tooth on each side of the saccate
doubt a distinct genus.
part. h. u. S. Native of the Mauritius, and Madagascar.
Telfàiria volubilis, Newm. mss. Heterophyllum ramosum, Bojer.
1 B. DASYPHY'LLA (Gay, in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 486,) leaves Panicles axillary. Leaves pubescent in the axils of the
ovate-lanceolate, unequally serrated, hairy on both surfaces ; veins. Calyx scarlet. Petals yellow, but reddish on the back,
mucrones of petals exceeding the calyx. h. G. Native of ending in a long, linear, ciliated point.
mss.

BYTTNERIACEÆ, VI. BYTTNERIA. VII. AYENIA.
525
nerves.
.
Various-leaved Byttneria. Shrub climbing.
Lanceolate-leaved Byttneria. Shrub cl.
19 B. Ova'TA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 522.) leaves ovate, serrate-
§ 3. Species prickly on the stems, branches, petioles, and
toothed, smooth ; petioles unarmed; branches 5-angled, prickly;
stem erect; pedicels 3-6, axillary, 1-flowered, drooping. h.s.
11 B. HIRSU'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 10.) leaves cor- Native of Peru. Cav. diss. 5. p. 291. t. 149. f. 1. Flowers
date, acute, crenate, hairy beneath, with the ribs and petioles villous, white, with purple ciliated mucrones. .
prickly; peduncles compound, crowded. ñ.S. Native of Peru Ovate-leaved Byttneria. Shrub 8 feet.
on the Andes. Flowers umbellate, involucrate. Petals yellow 20 B. MICROPHY'LLA (Lin. mant. 209.) leaves elliptical, quite
at the base but purple
at the apex.
entire, but emarginate at the apex; prickles stipular; pedicels
Hairy Byttneria. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
short, 3-9, axillary, 1-flowered. h.s. Native of St. Domingo
12 B. MO'LLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 314.
p
near Port au Prince. Cav. diss. 5. p. 292. t. 143. f. 2. Jacq.
t. 481. a and b.) leaves cordate, acuminated, crenate, un- hort. vind. t. 29. Flowers white with purple mucrones.
armed, soft, tomentose, marked with a clear spot at the base ; Small-leaved Byttneria. Fl. Ju. Clt. 1816. Shrub 5 ft.
branches prickly, villous, tomentose; umbels 7-11-flowered, 21 B. TERETICAU'LIS (Lam. dict. 1. p. 523.) leaves lanceo-
axillary, and opposite the leaves, solitary or tern. ħ?S. Native late, acuminated, quite entire; branches, petioles, and stems
of South America near Santa Fe de Bogota. Calyx red. Points terete, prickly; pedicels solitary, lateral, 1-flowered. h.S.
of petals white.
Native of Peru. Cav. diss. 5. p. 292. t. 149. f. 2. Flowers
Soft-leaved Byttneria. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
white, with purple mucrones?
13 B. CORDA'TA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 523.) leaves cordate, acu- Round-stemmed Byttneria. Shrub 4 feet.
minate, serrate, with 1 gland beneath, pubescent; petioles un- 22 B. SCA'BRA (Lin. syst. 197.) leaves lanceolate, toothed,
armed ; stems prickly; peduncles pendulous, usually tern,
somewhat hastate at the base ; branches, petioles, and pedun-
unequal 6-7-flowered, umbellate. ħ. S. Native of Peru near cles angular; stems prickly; peduncles axillary, numerous,
Lima, in hedges at Chancay. Cav. diss. 5. p. 291. t. 150.
Cav. diss. 5. p. 291. t. 150. subumbellate ; tube of stamens 10-crenate. ħ. S. Native of
Ræm. et Schultz. syst. 1. p. 469. exclusive of synonym
of South America between Cayenne and Couron. Cav. diss. 5.
Willd. Petals white, villous, with yellow mucrones.
p. 291. t. 148. f. 1. Aubl. guian. t. 96. Flowers white, with
Cordate-leaved Byttneria. Fl. July. Clt. 1793. Sh. 4 ft. red mucrones; anthers yellow.
;
14 B.CELTOÌDES (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 141. t. 24.) stem Scabrous Byttneria. Fl. July. Clt. 1793. Shrub 3 to 5 ft.
shrubby, procumbent, prickly ; leaves ovate-oblong, with a long 23 B. CARTHAGENE'NSIS (Jacq. amer, ed. pict. p. 41.) cauline
acumen, cordate at the base, obsoletely serrated, puberulous on leaves ovate, those of the branches ovate-lanceolate, bluntly
both surfaces, roughish above; panicle axillary, umbelliferous, acuminate, entire ; ribs of leaves, petioles, and rambling branches
shorter than the leaves; tube of stamens 10-cleft, each division prickly; racemes short, axillary, aggregate. ħ. S. Native of
containing 5 anthers. h. S. Native of Brazil near Cana- Carthagena at the margins of woods. B. aculeata, Jacq. amer.
braba. Petals dark-purple.
76. Chætæ'a aculeata, Jacq. enum. 17. Flowers small, white,
Celtis-like Byttneria. Fl. April. Shrub 6. to 7 feet.
withered mucrones.
15 B. SAGITTÆFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. !42. t. 27.) stem Carthagena Byttneria. Fl. Sept. Oct. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
suffruticose, erect; leaves arrow-shaped, acute, upper ones
toothed at the top ; petioles triquetrous; raceme terminal ; tube
of stamens 5-lobed ; lobes 3-toothed, sterile ; anthers sessile
Species not sufficiently known.
beneath the lobes. h. s. Native of Brazil in the province of
Minas Geraes. Petals yellowish-green, ending in dark-purple
24 B. ACUMINATA (Bred. ex Willd. rel. in Ram. and Schult.
ligulæ. Raceme composed of involucrated umbels. The stem
syst. 5. p. 470.) leaves ovate, acuminate, unarmed; petioles
is covered with tubercles or prickles, which are evident under a
somewhat prickly; stem round, prickly. h. S. Native of
Caraccas.
microscope.
Acuminate-leaved Byttneria. Shrub.
Var. B, pubérula (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem puberulous; leaves
less rough, entire at the apex ; bracteas leafy ; umbels much
25 B. SALICIFOLIA (H. et. B. ex Willd. rel. in Ræm. and
longer than in the species. Province of St. Paul.
Schult. syst. 5. p. 470.) leaves lanceolate, smooth ; stem angu-
Arrow-leaved Byttneria. Shrub 2 feet.
lar, and is as well as the petioles and ribs of leaves prickly.
16 B. AUSTRA'LIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 145.) stem shrubby,
h.s. Native of Cumana.
prickly, scandent ? leaves oblong with long acumens, obtuse at
Willow-leaved Byttneria. Shrub.
the base, quite entire, bearded in the axils of the nerves; pe-
26 B. CORYLIFÒLIA (H. et B. 1. c.) leaves oblong, somewhat
duncles sublateral, umbelliferous ; tube of stamens 5-lobed.
cordate, serrate, acute ; stem prickly. h.S. Native of South
America.
ņ.v.S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Catherine.
Petals ending in dark purple points.
Hazel-leaved Byttneria. Fl.? Shrub?
Southern Byttneria. Shrub cl.
Cult. The species of this genus are of easy culture ; they
17 B. SULCA'TA (Ruiz. et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 10.) leaves cor-
thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat. Ripened cuttings
3
date, ovate, serrated, pubescent, with the ribs and petioles
of the stove species root freely in mould or sand under a hand-
prickly ; peduncles twin, 3-5-flowered.
heat, and young cuttings of the greenhouse species
h.s. Native in the glass,
warmer parts of Peru. Petals green at the base, with dark-
will root freely in sand under a hand-glass; they also may be
purple points.
raised from seeds, which sometimes ripen in this country. The
Furrowed-stemmed Byttneria. Shrub.
herbaceous kinds may be either increased by dividing the plants
18 B. LANCEOLATA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ind. D.C.
at the roots or by seeds. None of them are worth cultivating
prod. 1. p. 487.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, somewhat cordate,
except in general collections,
rarely serrated, acuminate, and are unarmed as well as the pe-
tioles ; stem prickly, climbing, angular ; peduncles tern, 5-7-
flowered. h. s. Native of Mexico on the mountains. Petals VII. AYE'NIA (in honour of the Duke D'Ayen of the house
white with purple points.
of Noailles, who has contributed to the progress of botany hy
.
.

526
BYTTNERIACEÆ. VII. AYENIA. VIII. KLEINHOVIA. IX. SERINGIA. X. LASIOPETALUM.
.
-
his zeal in collecting plants), Lin. gen. no. 1020. D. C. prod. 1 K. HO'SPITA (Lin. spec. 1365.)
FIG. 89.
1. p. 487.
h.s. Native of the Molucca Is-
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-parted. Petals lands.—Rumph. amb. 3. p. 113.
-p
5, arched, broadest at the apex, with long claws, ending each Cav. diss. 5. p. 18. t. 146. This
in 1 or 2 pedicellate glands. Urceolus of stamens 10-15-toothed, is a smooth tree, with broad, cor-
5 or 10 of which are sterile, and the 5 alternate ones bearing date, acuminate, entire leaves, bear-
1 anther each. Style 1. Stigma 5-angled. Carpels 5, 2- ing divaricate racemes of small,
.
valved, 1-seeded, conniving into a somewhat globose echinated pink flowers, so as to form a ter-
fruit. Albumen wanting. Cotyledons leafy, convolute. Plants minal panicle. Rumphius ob-
with simple, serrate leaves, and axillary, few-flowered peduncles. serves that the leaves when bruised
1 A. PUSILLA (Lin. spec. 1354.) leaves ovate, smoothish, have a smell like violets. especially
sharply serrated; stems prostrate; peduncles short, 2-3-flowered, the
young ones.
axillary. O. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands, as well as We have seen this plant in Tri-
of Peru. Cav. diss. 5. p. 289. t. 147. Lin. in act. holm. 1756. nidad, where it appears to be her-
p. 23. t. 2. Dayènia, Mill. illust. t. 118.-Sloane, hist. t. 132. baceous, about 6 or 8 feet high,
f. 2. A weak shrubby plant. Petals reddish, each ending in a with many stems rising from the
black mucrone.
root.
Least Ayenia. Fl. July, Oct.
Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1756. Shrub { foot. Stranger Kleinhovia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1800. Tr. 20 ft.
2 A. LÆVIGA'TA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1131.) leaves ovate, Cult. This tree will grow well in any light rich soil, and
quite smooth, entire ; urceolus exserted, 10-toothed, besides the cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. .
stamens. h.S. Native of Jamaica in bushy places, but rare.
Flowers blood-coloured. Peduncles axillary, solitary, filiform, 1-
Tribe II.
flowered.
Smooth-leaved Ayenia. Shrub 2 feet.
LASIOPETA'LEÆ (plants agreeing with Lasiopetalum in
3 A. TOMENTÒSA (Lin. spec. 1354.) leaves ovate, roundish, important ch
important characters.)
eters.) Gay, diss. p. 8. and mem. du mus. 7.
tomentose ; urceolus exserted, 5-toothed besides the stamens.
p. 431. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 313. Calyx
h? S. Native of Cumana in South America. Loefi. itin. 230. no. 3.
5-parted, petal-like (f. 90. 6.), permanent or marcescent. Petals
Tomentose Ayenia. Shrub 2 feet.
minute, scale-formed (f. 90. c.), rarely wanting. Filaments of
4 A. SIDÆFÒLIA (Loefl. itin. 257.) leaves ovate-oblong, doubly stamens awl-shaped, connate at the base, sometimes 5, opposite
serrated, tomentose beneath. h.S. Native of South America.
the petals, sometimes 10, alternately sterile and fertile. Anthers
This species is joined by Linneus to A. tomentosa. Flowers
incumbent, with contiguous lobes. Ovary 3-5-celled ; cells con-
reddish. Urceolas 5-toothed besides the stamens.
taining from 2 to 8-ovulæ. Carpels 5, 2-valved, usually closely
.
Sida-leaved Ayenia. Shrub.
connate into a single fruct, but sometimes somewhat free. Seeds
5 A. MA'GNA (Lin. spec. 1354.) leaves cordate, ovate, acu-
strophiolate at the base. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight.
minate, serrated, pubescent ; peduncles many-flowered, longer Cotyledons flat, leafy. New Holland shrubs.
than the petioles; urceolus 5-toothed. n. S. Native of Cumana
IX. SERI'NGIA (Nicholas Charles Seringe, a Swiss bo-
in South America and in Mexico. A. cardiopétala, Moc. et
tanist, author of numerous papers in De Candolle's Prodromus).
Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ind. Flowers small, greenish, or red.
Gay, diss. p. 12. D. C. prod. 1. p. 488.
.
Large Ayenia. Shrub 2 to 5 feet.
LIN. SYST.
Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx marcescent.
6 A. CORDIFOLIA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C.
Petals wanting. Filaments 10, with the 5 alternate ones sterile.
prod. 1. p. 488.) leaves cordate, serrated, pubescent; pedicels Anthers bursting by dorsal chinks. Carpels 5, 2--valved, 2-3-
,
numerous, aggregate, shorter than the petioles. O.S. Native
seeded, each ending in a style. Strophiola of seed crenate.
of Mexico on the mountains.
1 S. PLATYPHY'LLA (Gay, diss. p. 13. t. 1. and 2.). K.G.
Heart-leaved Ayenia. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
, . 1
Native of New Holland on the eastern coast. Lasiopétalum ar-
Cult. The species of Ayènia are of easy culture; they suc-
borescens, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 2. p. 36. Peduncles
ceed best in a rich loamy soil. Cuttings of the shrubby kinds
opposite the leaves, bearing many flowers, in crowded cymes.
root freely in sand, under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. The
Stipulas small, deciduous. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, grossly
seeds of A. cordifolia requires to be sown on a hot-bed, and
toothed. Flowers yellowish from tomentum.
when the plants are of sufficient size they may be planted out in
Broad-leaved Seringia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1802. Shrub
the open border in a sheltered situation. None of the species
4 to 5 feet.
are worth cultivating, except in general collections.
Cult.
This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of sand,
loam, and peat, and young cuttings planted in the same kind of
VIII. KLEINHO'VIA (in honour of Kleinhoff, once director soil under a hand-glass will root readily, or it may be increased
of the botanic garden in Batavia). Lin. gen. no. 1024. Gært. by seeds, which occasionally ripen in this country.
fruct. 2. p. 261. t. 137. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
p. 313. D. C. prod. 1. p. 488.
LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-parted (f.
SYST.
X. LASIOPE'TALUM (from laglos, lasios, woolly, and
89. a.). Petals 5, (f. 89. e.) one of which is longer than the metalov, petalon, a petal; in allusion to the calyx being woolly.)
rest and cut at the apex (f. 89. b.). Filaments of stamens Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 216. D. C. prod. 1. p.
489.
monadelphous at the base (f. 89. d.), divided into 5 bundles at LIN. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent (f.
the top (f. 89. h.), each bundle bearing 3 2-lobed anthers on 90. b.). Petals 5, in the form of glands. Filaments 5, free.
the back (f. 89. I.), opposite the petals. Ovary stipitate. Car- Anthers bursting by 2 pores on the inside (f. 90.e.). Ovary 1, 3-
pels 5 (f. 89.g.), constantly connected together, each contain- celled ; cells containing 2-ovulæ. Capsules 3-valved, with
ing 5-ovulæ. Style 1. Stigma somewhat crenate. Capsule
Stigma somewhat crenate. Capsule valvular dissepiments opening at the cells. Strophiola of seeds
inflated, turbinate, 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-seeded (f. 89.g.). Seeds jagged. Stipulas wanting. Leaves linear-lanceolate, quite
roundish. Cotyledons spirally twisted about the plumule. entire, rusty beneath. Inflorescence in cymes opposite the leaves.
a

DI
.
BYTTNERIACEÆ. X. LASIOPETALUM. XI. GUICHENOTIA. XII. THOMASIA. XIII. KERAUDRENIA. 527
1 L. FERRUGI'NEUM (Smith, in
FIG. 90.
sessile, tomentose, with 3 furrows. h.G. Native of New
Andr. bot. rep. t. 208.) segments
Holland on the south-west coast.
of calyx tomentose on both sides.
Leafy Thomasia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823.
Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 ft.
h.G, Native of New Holland.
§ 2. Decandrous species with a short style, and from 3 to 8
Vent. malm. t. 59. Sims, bot.
seeds in each cell of the capsule.
mag. t. 1766. Cav. diss. p. 16.
t. 3. Calyx covered with brown
3 T. SOLANA'CEA (Gay, diss. p. 26. t. 6.) petals 5; leaves
tomentum. Petals small, dark-
sinuate-lobed, hairy. . G. Native of New Holland on the
purple.
south-west coast. Lasiopétalum triphyllum, Smith in Rees'
Rusty Lasiopetalum. Fl. April,
cyclop Lasiopétalum solanaceum, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1486.
July. Clt. 1791. Sh. 2 to 4 ft.
Leaves the largest of all the genus. Calyx pinkish-purple.
2 L. PARVIFLORUM (Rudge, in
Solanum-flowered Thomasia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1803.
Lin. trans. 10. p. 297. t. 19. f. 1.)
Shrub 1 to 5 feet.
segments of calyx smooth on the
4 T. TRIPHY'LLA (Gay, diss. p. 28.) leaves sinuately-angular,
inside. ħ. G. Native of New
d
7
smoothish on the back; petals wanting ; capsules mucronate.
Holland. Gay, diss. p. 17. t. 4.
h. G. Native of New Holland in Van Lewin's Land.
Flowers small, yellowish-brown
Lasiopetalum triphyllum, Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 63. t. 88.
from tomentum.
Leaves appearing ternate from being furnished with a large,
Small-flowered Lasiopetalum. Fl. Apr. Jul. Clt. 1810. Sh. 3 ft. stalked stipula on each side.
Cult. These are very pretty shrubs; they grow best in a Three-leaved Thomasia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub
.
mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will root 2 to 4 feet.
freely in sand under a hand-glass.
5 T. QUERCIFÒLIA (Gay, diss. p. 29.) leaves 3-lobed, pinna-
tifid, clothed with rough tomentum beneath ; petals wanting ;
XI. GUICHENO'TIA (in honour of Anthony Guichenot, who capsules mutic. h. G. Native of New Holland. Lasiopé-
(
.
went round the world with Captain Baudin along with Riedle talum quercifolium, Andr. bot. rep. t. 459. Sims, bot. mag. .
and Leschenault.) Gay, diss. p. 20. D. C. prod. 1. p. 489. 1485. Flowers purplish.
LIN. SYST.
Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent.
Oak-leaved Thomasia. Fl. April,
Fl. April, July. Clt. 1803. Shrub
Petals 5, gland-formed. Filaments 5, free. Anthers bursting 1 to 3 feet.
by lateral chinks. Ovary 5-celled; cells containing 5 ovulæ, 6 T. DIFFU'SA ; leaves 3-lobed ; stems diffuse ; petals want-
clothed with dense tomentum within. Stipulas wanting. Leaves ing? . G.
ħ. G. Native of New Holland. Flowers white.
3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, entire. Inflorescence racemose. Diffuse Thomasia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1825. Sh. į foot.
1 G. LEDIFÒLIA (Gay, diss. p. 19. t. 5.). h.G. Native of
Cult. Thomàsia is a genus of pretty under shrubs, which
New Holland on the western coast. Shrub hoary all over. deserve to be cultivated in every collection ; they will thrive
This is a perfectly distinct genus from Lasiopétalum ledifò well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and ripened cuttings
lium of Vent., which is now Borònia ledifòlia. Calyx grey-
will root freely in sand, under a hand-glass.
tomentose. Petals dark-purple.
Ledum-leaved Guichenotia. Shrub 2 feet.
XIII. KERAUDRE'NIA (in honour of Keraudren, a
Cult. This is a very pretty shrub, which will thrive well French nobleman ?). Gay, diss. p. 31. D. C. prod. 1. p. 489.
in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat, and ripened cuttings will
LIN. SYST. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent.
root readily in sand under a hand-glass.
Petals wanting. Filaments 5, fertile, imbricate and conniving
at the base. Anthers bursting by dorsal chinks. Ovary 3-
XII. THOMA'SIA (in memory of Peter and Abraham Tho- celled, each cell containing many ovulæ. Styles 3-parted, con-
mas, collectors of Swiss plants in the time of Haller.) Gay, nected. Capsules echinately-tomentose, 1-celled from abortion,
diss.
p.
20. D, C. prod. 1. p.
489.
3-valved, with valvular dissepiments. Seeds twin, with an entire
LIN. syst. Penta-Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, strophiola. Stipulas minute, permanent.
,
Leaves sinuately
veiny. Petals 5, scale-formed, or wanting. Filaments 5 or 10, waved. Inflorescence corymbose, with jointed pedicels.
for the most part connate at the base. Anthers bursting by
1 K. HERMANNIÆFÒLIA (Gay, diss. p. 32. t. 8.). Þ.G.
lateral chinks.
Ovary 3-celled ; cells containing from 2-8-
Native of New Holland on the western coast. A stiff shrub.
ovulæ. Capsules 3-valved, dissepiments formed from the edges
Hermannia-leaved Keraudrenia. Fl.? Shrub 1 foot.
of the valves. Strophiola of seed crenate. Stipulas leafy,
Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of loam and
permanent. Leaves ovate, lobed, clothed on both surfaces with peat, and ripened cuttings will root readily in sand under a
hispid tomentum. Inflorescence racemose, opposite the leaves. hand-glass.
Bracteas 3-parted.
Tribe III.
§ 2. Pentandrous species with a long style, and with 2
seeds in each cell of the capsule.
HERMANNIE Æ (plants agreeing with Hermánnia in im-
portant characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 490. Hermannidceæ,
p
1 T. PURPU'REA (Gay, diss. p. 22. t. 6.) leaves linear-ellip- Kunth, malv. p. 11. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 312. Flowers
tical, entire ; stipulas leafy ; petals 5; capsules stipitate, smooth, hermaphrodite. Calyx 5-lobed, permanent
, sometimes naked,
, ;
with 3 deep furrows. n. G. Native of New Holland on the sometimes somewhat involucrated. Petals 5, spirally twisted
south-west coast. Lasiopétalum purpureum, Sims, bot. mag. before expansion, with the claws usually adnate to the tube of
t. 1755. Lasiopétalum purpurascens, Lois. herb. amat. t. 294. the stamens. Stamens 5, monadelphous at the base, all fertile
Calyx purple.
and opposite the petals. Anthers ovate, 2-celled. Styles 5,
Purple-flowered Thomasia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1803. connected into 1, crowned by as many stigmas. Carpels 5,
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
joined into 1 fruit; cells or carpels usually 2-seeded. Albumen
2 T. FOLIÒSA (Gay, diss. p. 24. t. 7.) leaves ovate, cordate, fleshy. Embryo enclosed, straight, or curved, with an ovate,
bluntly 5-7-lobed; stipulas minute ; petals wanting ; capsules inferior radicle, and flat, leafy, entire cotyledons.
a
-
a
a

528
BYTTNERIACEÆ. XIV. MELOCHIA.
p. 490.
XIV. MELO'CHIA (a name altered from the Arabic name
of Corchorus olitòrius, Melóchich or Melókhych, which is used in
the East as a salad-plant). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
5. p. 322.-Melòchia, spec. Lin. gen. no. 829. D. Č. prod. 1.
LIN. SYST. Monadélphia, Pentándria. Calyx 5-cleft, naked,
-,
or furnished with 1-3 calyculate bracteas. Petals 5, spreading.
Stamens 5, monadelphous at the base. Styles 5, more or less
connected. Capsules 5-celled, 5-valved, opening at the cells,
bearing a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds from
1-2 in each cell. Herbs or subshrubs with simple serrated
leaves. Flowers terminal, axillary, and opposite the leaves, capi-
tate, umbellate, or glomerate, spicate, corymbose or panicled,
rarely solitary, white, red, lilac, yellow, purple, violet, and of
2 colours. Calyx valvate. Petals twisted. The
genus
Reidleia
does not appear to differ generically from Melòchia, and per-
haps it wonld be better if these two genera were again united.
Those species said to have 10-valved capsules, more properly
belong to the genus Riedlèia as it now stands.
1 M. PYRAMIDATA (Lin. syst. p. 510.) leaves ovate, acute,
serrated, smooth; upper ones oblong or linear-oblong; pedun-
cles 5-10-flowered, capitate, opposite the leaves ; petioles and
branches puberulous ; tube of stamens 5-cleft at the top; cap-
sule pyramidal at both ends. h.S. Native of the Caribbee
Islands and Brazil. Cav. diss. 6. p. 319. t. 172. f. 1. M. Do-
mingensis, Jacq. vind. 1. t. 30. Flowers flesh-coloured or
violaceous, yellow at the claws.
Pyramidal-capsuled Melochia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1768.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
2 M. ULMARIOÌDES (St. Hil. A. 1. p. 159.) stem twiggy ;
cauline leaves ovate, heart-shaped, acute, dentately serrated,
smoothish above, but pubescent beneath; panicle terminal, cy-
mose, elongated ; tube of stamens cleft in 5, even to the middle;
capsule globose, villous, 10-valved at the apex. n. S. Native of
Brazil in the province of Rio Grande do Sul at the river Uruguay.
Ulmaria-like Melochia. Fl. Jan. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
3 M. SERI'CEA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 160.) stem twiggy,
nearly simple, hairy; cauline leaves heart-shaped, unequally
,
silky; panicle terminal, simple, interrupted ; tube of stamens
deeply 5-cleft; capsule globose, villous, 10-valved at the apex.
h.s. Native of Brazil near Villa Rica. Flowers yellow?
Silky Melochia. Fl. Feb. Pl. 3 to 5 feet.
4 M. GRAMINIFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 160. t. 31.) stem
nearly simple, twiggy; leaves on short petioles, linear, acute,
remotely serrated, smooth; panicle terminal, very slender;
tube of stamens nearly entire ; capsule subglobose, at length
10-valved. h.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas
Novas in dried-up marshes. Petals purple, but yellow at the
base with purple veins.
Grass-leaved Melochia. Fl. June. Pl. 1 to 1foot.
5 M. TURPINIA'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
323. t. 432.) leaves somewhat unequal-sided, ovate, acute,
truncate, and somewhat cordate at the base, doubly crenate-
serrated, pubescent above, hoary from tomentum beneath ; um-
bels 7-10-flowered, longer than the petioles. h.s. Native of
New Granada. Flowers red or violaceous.
Turpin's Melochia. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
6. M. TOMENTÒSA (Lin. spec. 932.) leaves unequal-sided,
ovate-oblong, acute, serrated, with plaited lines, hoary from
tomentum on both surfaces as well as the branchlets; umbels
3-8-flowered, axillary, longer than the petioles, but they are
opposite the leaves on the branchlets. H.S. Native of the
h
Caribbee Islands in dry fields as well as on the sandy sea-coast
of Cumana. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 323.
Flowers purple. Style 5-cleft.
Var. B, frutéscens (Jacq. obs. 2. p. 24.) differing from the
species in its habit being much harder, as well as the leaves being
much smaller. Flowers violaceous. Perhaps a distinct species.
Tomentose Melochia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1768. Shrub 6
to 7 feet.
7 M. MACROPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kanth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
p. 324.) leaves equal-sided, ovate, acute, cordate, crenate-ser-
rated, hairy above, but clothed with fine, soft, hoary tomentum
beneath ; umbels many-flowered, equal in length with the pe-
tioles.
h. S. Native of New Andalusia near Bordones.
Flowers white.
Long-leaved Melochia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
8 M. LILACÌNA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 162.) stems decumbent,
p
branched ; leaves on short petioles, cordate at the base, un-
equally serrated, plaited, silky-villous on both surfaces, lower
ones somewhat oblong-ovate, intermediate ones ovate or ovate-
roundish, uppermost ones roundish-ovate, or roundish; flowers
glomerate, disposed in interrupted spikes; tube of stamens
entire ; capsule ovate, 5-lobed, villous, 5-valved. 4. S. Native
of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, not far from the
river St. Francisco. Flowers lilac.
Lilac-flowered Melochia. Fl. Aug. Pl. decumbent.
9 M. HERMANNIOÌDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 163. t. 32.)
stem suffruticose, prostrate ; leaves usually obovate, very obtuse,
toothed, quite entire at the base, pilose on both surfaces; heads
of flowers subumbellate; peduncles opposite the leaves, hairy;
tube of stamens 5-cleft; capsule somewhat obcordately-globose,
5-lobed. ñ. S. Native of Brazil in the province of the Mis-
sions, in grassy fields. Petals violaceous.
Hermannia-like Melochia. Fl. Jan. Feb. Shrub prostrate.
10 M. SIMPLEX (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 164.) stem suffruti-
cose, nearly simple ; leaves lanceolate, finely denticulated, pu-
berulous on the nerves ; flowers axillary, and at the tops of the
branches in fascicles; capsule spherical, pilose, 5-valved. N.S.
;
Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul, in the northern
part. Petals purple or violet at the top but yellow at the base.
Simple-stemmed Melochia. Fl. Mar. Shrub 1 foot.
11 M. NEPETOÌDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 165.) stem suffru-
ticose ; leaves ovate, cordate at the base, crenate, puberulous
above, but pubescent beneath ; heads of flowers axillary; pe-
duncles longer than the petioles, pubescent; capsule pyramidal
at both ends, broad. ñ .s. Native of Brazil in the province
of Minas Novas, on the banks of a rivulet called Sucuriu.
Flowers purplish.
Nepeta-like Melochia. Fl. May. Shrub 14 foot.
12 M. BETONICÆFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 165.) leaves
ovate-oblong, cordate at the base, crenate-toothed, rather pubes-
cent above, but pubescent beneath ; heads of flowers axillary,
with the peduncle shorter than the petiole; tube of stamens 5-
cleft; capsule pyramidal at both ends, pubescent, with the lobes
of the exterior angle furnished with a tooth. h.s. Native of
Brazil in the province of Minas Novas. Flowers white.
Betony-leaved Melochia. Fl. May. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
13 M. CORDIFO'RMIS (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 160.) leaves heart-
shaped, acute, somewhat doubly-toothed, puberulous above, but
tomentose beneath ; heads of flowers axillary, stalked ; tube of
stamens 5-cleft at the apex. h.s. Native of Brazil in the pro-
vince of Minas Novas.Flowers pale-purple.
Heart-leaved Melochia, Fl. June. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
14 M. PARVIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. p. 325.)
leaves small, oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse at both ends,
crenate-serrated, roughish above, but clothed with close-pressed
hairs beneath; flowers crowded in umbels at the tops of the
branches. ħ. S. Native of South America in arid places near
Caraccas. Flowers white.
Small-leaved Melochia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh.1į ft.
15 M. LANA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 167.) stem suffruti-
a

BYTTNERIACEÆ. XIV. MELOCHIA. XV. RIEDLEIA.
529
a
p. 601.
h
cose, erect, branched, woolly, canescent ; leaves ovate-ellip- n. S. Native of South America.
h. S. Native of South America. Melòchia crenata, Vahl.
tical, toothed, quite entire at the base, silky-villous above, but symb. 3. p. 86. t. 68. Flowers white or yellow.
.
woolly and hoary beneath ; heads of flowers stalked, opposite Crenate-leaved Riedleia. Shrub.
the leaves, dense; tube of stamens profoundly 5-cleft. h.s.
6 R. ODORA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, some-
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, near Olho what cordate, doubly serrated, acute, smooth; corymbs axillary,
d'Agoa.
stalked. h.S. Native of the islands of Tanna and Tongataboo
Var. B, inclusa (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves narrower, elliptic, less in the South Seas. Melòchia odorata, Forst. prod. 253.
woolly; heads of flowers less woolly ; stamens inclosed; petals Wisènia I'ndica, Gmel. syst. 505. Visènia I'ndica, Houtt. pfl. syst.
much smaller ; style a little longer than the petals.
6. t. 46. f. 3. Flowers white or red.
Woolly Melochia. Fl. Sep. Oct. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Sweet-scented Riedleia. Shrub.
16 M. PORTORICE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 29.) leaves oblong,
.
, 7 R. VELUTI'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) lower leaves cordate,
obtuse, crenated, hoary tomentose on both surfaces ; peduncles upper ones ovate, acuminate, simply serrated, soft and velvety on
umbelliferous, short. h. S. Native of Porto-Rico. M. cre- both surfaces; corymbs axillary, stalked, few-flowered. h.s.
nàta, Bertero.
Native of Bengal and Java. Very like R. odorata. Flowers
Porto-Rico Melochia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
probably red or white.
Cult. Mélòchia is a genus of plants hardly worth cultivating Velvety Riedleia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
except in botanic gardens. They thrive well in any light rich 8 R. CORYMBÒSA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex, icon. ined. D. C.
soil, and cuttings root readily in the same kind of soil under a prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves cordate, orbicular, acuminated at the
hand-glass, in heat. They may be also increased by seeds, apex, villous; corymbs axillary, loose, stalked. h.s. Native
,
,
which generally ripen in this country.
of Mexico on mountains. Flowers purple, twice the size of those
of R. odoràta.
XV. RIEDLE'IA (in honour of M. Riedle, a French natu- Corymbose-flowered Riedleia. Shrub 3 feet.
ralist, who accompanied Captain Baudin round the world.) D. 9 R. TRUNCA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves wedge-shaped,
C. prod. 1. p. 490.-Riedlčia, Vent. choix. no. 37.-Mougeòtia, toothed at the apex, smooth above, hoary from stellate tomentum
,
Kunth. diss. p. 12. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 326.–Visènia, Houtt.
.
beneath ; flowers solitary; capsules depressed. h.S. Native
PA. syst. 6. p.
287. Spreng. syst. 3. p. 29.
of the East Indies. Melòchia truncata, Willd.
spec.
3.
LIN. SYST. Monadélphia, Pentándria. Calyx 5-cleft, naked, Flowers white or flesh-coloured.
or furnished with 1-3 calyculate bracteas. Petals 5, spreading. Truncated-leaved Riedleia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817.
Stamens 5, monadelphous at the base. Styles 5. Carpels 5,
Shrub 2 feet.
joined into a simple fruit, which is therefore 5-celled and 5- 10 R. DEPRE'SSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, ser-
valved, at length separating into 5 1-2-seeded divisions, which rated, velvety-tomentose; pedicels 1-3-flowered, opposite the
open longitudinally, and are free from the central axis.--Inflores- leaves; capsules bluntly 5-sided, with ciliated angles. n. S.
cence various. Flowers small, white, yellow or red.
Native of the island of Cuba near Havannah, and of St. Martha.
1 R. POLYSTA'CHIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 490.) leaves oblong, Melòchia depressa, Lin.
Melòchia depressa, Lin. spec. 910. exclusive of the synonyme of
.
acute, blunt and serrated at the base, pubescent above, but Miller. Cav. diss. 6. p. 320. t. 173. f. 1. a. differs from ours
beset with silky hairs beneath, as well as on the branchlets ; in the stipulas being spreading, lanceolate, not erect subovate.
panicle terminal, leafless, of many stalked cymose or side- Pedicels shorter, axillary, 1-flowered. Flowers flesh-coloured,
flowered racemes. 3. S. Native of South America near but according to Cavanilles sulphur-coloured.
Honda at the river Magdalena. Mougeòtia polystàchia, H. B. Depressed Riedleia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. Shrub z ft.
.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 328. t. 483. f. a and b. Flowers 11 R. Peruvia'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, ser-
yellow.
rated, tomentose ; flowers solitary, axillary; capsules globose,
Many-spiked Riedleia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1827.
Pl. 2
villous. n. S. Native of Peru. Melòchia Peruviàna, Desrous.
to 3 feet.
in dict. encyl. 4. p. 83. Stem shrubby, dwarf. Flowers citron-
2 R. CHAMÆ'DRYS; stems prostrate, hairy ; leaves ovate or
coloured.
roundish-ovate, very blunt, dentately serrated, pilose, younger
Peruvian Riedleia. Shrub 2 feet.
ones silky; racemes sub-corymbose, axillary ; tube of stamens 12 R. SUPI'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, serrated ;
profoundly 5-cleft; capsule globose, composed of 5 bifid car- flowers capitate; stems procumbent. O. S. Native of the
pels. h.S. Native of Brazil. Melòchia chamæ 'drys, St. Hil. East Indies. Melòchia supina, Lin. spec. 944.--Pluk. alm. t.
fi. bras. 1. p. 161. Flowers yellow.
132. f. 4. Flowers red.
Germander-like Riedleia. Fl. Jan. Pl. prostrate.
Trailing Riedleia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. trailing.
3 R. MO'LLIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, acute,
13 R. CORCHORIFOʻLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate,
rounded and somewhat cordate at the base, serrated, clothed somewhat 3-lobed, serrated, smooth; flowers generally terminal,
with silky pubescence above, but hoary from soft tomentum be- capitate, sessile. O.S. Native of Ceylon and Java. Meló-
neath ; umbels axillary, many-flowered, much longer than the chia corchorifolia, Lin. spec. 944. Cav. diss. 6. p. 321. t. 174.
petioles. n. S. Native of South America near Honda and f. 2.—Dill, elth. t. 176. f. 217. Corolla pale-purple, with a yel-
Santanna in New Granada. Mougeòtia móllis, H. B. et Kunth,
low bottom.
1. c. Petals white, but yellow towards the middle.
Corchorus-leaved Riedleia. F1. June, July. Clt. 1733. Pl. 1 ft.
Soft Riedleia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
14 R. RADIA'TA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 655.)
4 R. TILIÆFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves cordate, leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, rather pubescent
toothed, younger ones clothed with velvety tomentum, adult ones on the midrib on both surfaces; lower leaves ovate, sublobate ;
smooth; corymbs terminal, many-flowered; fruit velvety. blunt- spikes umbellate, terminal. O? S. Native of Java,
ly 5-sided.
. S. Native of the island of Timor. Habit Rayed Riedleia. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
almost of R. odoràta or R. velutina.
15 R. INFLA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, some-
°
Lime-tree-leaved Riedleia. Shrub 2 feet.
what acuminated, obsoletely cordate, doubly-serrated, clothed on
5 R. CRENATA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves roundish, cre- both surfaces with close-pressed hairs; peduncles axillary, trifid,
nated, tomentose, lined ; umbels stalked, axillary, and terminal.
;
many-flowered, one-half shorter than the petioles. 4 ? S. Na-
3 Y
.
-
VOL. I.-PART. VI.

530
BYTTNERIACEÆ. XV. RIEDLEIA. XVI. WALTHERIA.
h.s.
-
tive of New Granada in humid shady places. Mougedtia inflàta, Native of Porto-Rico and St. Domingo. Flowers purple, 3 to
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 330. t. 484. Flowers 5 in a bundle, disposed in an interrupted spike.
white, but yellow towards the base.
Serrated-leaved Riedleia. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Inflated Riedleia. Pl. 1 foot.
Cult. Riedlèia is a genus of plants not worth cultivating ex-
16 R. NODIFLO'RA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate, acu- cept in botanic gardens; they will thrive well in any light rich
minated, serrated, smooth, younger ones covered with close- soil, and cuttings of the shrubby and herbaceous perennial kinds
pressed hairs; flowers axillary, conglomerate, sessile.
will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat, but this will
Native of South America and the West India Islands in hedges. in most cases be unnecessary, as the greater part of the species
Melòchia nodiflòra, Swartz. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1139. Mougeòtia ripen seed freely in this country; these require to be sown in
nodiflòra, H. B, et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 330. Melòchia pots in spring, and placed in a hot-bed, as well as those of the
carpinifòlia, Wendl. obs. 52. Flowers pale-red.
annual species, and when the plants are of a sufficient size they
Knot-flowered Riedleia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub should be potted off into separate pots, and placed in the stove.
2 to 6 feet.
17 R. BORBO'NICA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 491.) leaves ovate-lan- XVI. WALTHERIA (in honour of Augustus Frederick
ceolate, acuminate, serrated, somewhat villous; flowers axillary, Walther, a German botanist
, once professor of medicine in the
conglomerate, sessile. h. S. Native of the island of Bourbon. university of Leipsic; he described the plants of his own garden
Melòchia Borbónica, Cav. diss. 6. p. 321. t. 174. f. 1. Corolla in 1735. It is also understood to commemorate Thomas Walter,
yellow, hardly longer than the calyx. Fruit villous.
an English botanist, author of Flora Caroliniana in 1798, and
Bourbon Riedleia. Shrub 3 feet.
Richard Walter, who went round the world with Admiral An-
18 R. BERTERIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 492.) leaves ovate, son in 1740 and 1744.) Lin. gen. no. 827. D. C. prod. 1. p.
somewhat cordate, serrated, smooth; heads of flowers globose, 492.
dense on stalks, which are the length of the petioles. h.S. LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Pentándria. Calyx 5-cleft, fur-
Native of Guadaloupe. Melochia Berteriana, Balb. in litt. nished with a lateral 1-3-leaved deciduous involucel. Petals 5.
Bertero's Riedleia. Shrub 2 feet.
Style 1. Stigma pencilled or tubercled. Capsule 1-celled, 2-
19 R. ERIA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 492.) leaves ovate, tooth- valved, 1-seeded, or truly of 5 carpels, 4 of which are abortive.-
ed, hairy, on very short petioles ; flowers axillary, crowded, Shrubs with the habit of Meldchia. Flowers small, usually
sessile ; calyxes villous ; carpels 5, distinct. . S. Native of yellow, disposed in terminal or axillary, stalked heads, rarely in
Cayenne. Flowers yellow?
panicles, rising in clusters from the branches.
Woolly-flowered Riedleia. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
1 W. AMERICA'NA (Lin. spec. 941. exclusive of the synonymes
20 R. HIRSUTA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 492.) leaves ovate, acute, of Smith and Breyn,) leaves ovate-oblong, plaited, acutely and
villous ; heads of flowers terminal, rather spike-formed, crowded, unequally toothed, tomentose on both surfaces; heads of flowers
hairy; calyxes with 3 bracteas. ñ.S. Native of New Granada axillary, stalked; calyx very villous; petals rather pubescent.
and the Caribbee islands. Melòchia hirsùta, Cav. diss. 6. p.
. s. Native of the Bahama Islands, Surinam, and Caribbee
323. t. 175. f. 1. Mougeòtia hirsùta, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
f
Islands. W. arborescens, Cav. diss. 6. p. 316. t. 170. f. 1.
gen. amer. 5. p. 331. Flowers yellow.
W. I'ndica, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 130. There is a variety of
Hairy Riedleia. Shrub 14 foot.
this plant which bears sessile heads of flowers, and perhaps not
21 R. VENO'SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 492.) leaves ovate, serrated, distinct from W. I'ndica; and there is also another variety with
veiny, tomentose beneath ; peduncles distinct, terminal, many- elongated peduncles, bearing as if it were many concatenated
flowered; stem hairy. ñ.S. Native of Jamaica in very arid bundles of flowers. Flowers yellow.
places. Melochia venosa, Swartz. fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1137. American Waltheria. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1691. Shrub 4 ft.
Flowers large, yellow.
2 W. I'NDICA (Lin. spec. 941.) leaves oval, plaited, downy,
Veiny-leaved Riedleia. Shrub 3 feet.
bluntly-toothed ; heads of flowers axillary, sessile. h.S. Na-
22 R. CONCATENATA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 492.) leaves ovate- tive of the East Indies. The heads of flowers being sessile, of
lanceolate, toothed, smooth ; racemes terminal, crowded.
a tawny-yellow colour, is sufficient to distinguish it from W.
Native of the East Indies. Melòchia concatenata, Lin. spec. Americàna.
944. Cav. diss. 6. t. 175. f. 2.Pluk. alm. t. 9. f. 5. Flowers Indian Waltheria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Shrub 1 to 3 ft.
yellow. Capsule globose, sessile.
3 W. viscosi'SSIMA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 150.) plant very
Concatenated-flowered Riedleia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1810.
Clt. 1810. clammy; stem suffruticose; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated,
Shrub 3 feet.
cordate at the base, somewhat falcate, velvety-tomentose on both
23 R. JAMAICE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 492.) leaves ovate- surfaces ; panicle leafy; flowers glomerate; calyx hairy ; tube
lanceolate, toothed, clothed with close-pressed villi, but smooth- of stamens nearly entire ; stigma oblong, tuberculated. h.s.
ish above; racemes terminal, leafless, interrupted. ñ. S. Native of Brazil in the northern parts of the provinces of Minas
Native of Jamaica. Melòchia Jamaicensis, Balb. ined. Stamens Geraes and Minas Novas. Flowers of an orange-yellow colour.
joined into a cylinder. Fruit velvety. Flowers yellow?
Very-clammy Waltheria. Fl. May, June. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Jamaica Riedleia. Shrub 2 feet.
4 W. FERRUGI'NEA (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 150.) stem arbores-
. fl
24 R. CARACASA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 492.) leaves cordate, cent, branched; leaves oblong, acute, velvety-tomentose above,
crenate, tomentose beneath; flowers capitate, almost sessile, but truly tomentose beneath ; heads of flowers axillary, on short
axillary, and opposite the leaves. h.s. Native of Caraccas. peduncles ; petals shorter than the calyx; tube of stamens 5-
Mougeòtia Caracasàna, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. cleft ; stigma simple. h.s. Native of Brazil in the province
329. Melochia Caracasàna, Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 507. Flowers of Minas Geraes, not far from Villa do Principe. Flowers
large, white.
yellow.
Caraccas Riedleia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. Shrub 2 feet. Rusty Waltheria. Fl. March. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
25 R. SERRA'TA (Vent. choix. t. 37.) leaves ovate, cordate, 5 W. ANGUSTIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
acuminated, serrated, villous on both surfaces; petioles and 332.) leaves oblong, narrow, and acute at the top, rounded at the
branches hispid ; stipulas lanceolate-linear, almost the length of base, serrated, clothed with soft tomentum ; spikes of flowers
the petioles; flowers axillary, glomerate, almost sessile. 4. S. glomerate, stalked, much longer than the petioles. h.S. Native
21. S.

BYTTNERIACEÆ. XVI. WALTHERIA. XVII. ALTHERIA.
531
of South America between Bordones and Cumana. Resembles 16 W. DURANDI'NHA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 153. pl. usu.
W. Americàna. Perhaps W. angustifolia, Lin. spec. 941. ex- bras. no. 34.) stem suffruticose, ascending; leaves ovate or
clusive of the synonymes ? Flowers yellow.
ovate-orbicular, obtuse, cordate at the base, lower ones pilose,
Narrow-leaved Waltheria. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
upper ones tomentose and glaucous; heads of flowers terminal,
6 W. CORCHORIFO'LIA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 216.) leaves oblong- and few axillary; calyx pubescent; petals bearded above the
elliptic, tomentose on both surfaces; heads of flowers axillary, claw; tube of stamens entire.
claw; tube of stamens entire. h.s. Native of Brazil on the
compact, on long peduncles ; calyx very villous; corolla smooth.
banks of the river Uruguay, where it is called Durandinha. +
h. S. Native of Rio Janeiro in Brazil. W. elliptica, St. Hil. The inhabitants use it with success in diseases of the chest, and
fl. bras. 1. p. 152. Flowers yellow, .
in decoction as an antisiphilitic, at least to allay the inflammation
Corchorus-leaved Waltheria. Shrub 2 feet?
commonly attending that disease. It is also used to cure wounds.
7 W. GLA'BRA (Poir. dict. 7. p. 325.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, Flowers yellow.
mucronately serrated, and are as well as the stem very smooth ; Durandinha Waltheria. Fl. Dec. Feb. Shrub 14 foot.
heads of flowers ranged alternately on an axillary stalk; calyxes 17 W. GRACILIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 154.) stem simple,
ciliated. ħ.S. Native of Guadaloupe. W. lævis, Schrank. suffruticose at the base ; leaves ovate, or ovate-elliptic, obtuse,
pl. monac. t. 55. Link. enum. 2. p. 179. Petals yellow, linear. plaited, lower ones pilose, upper ones tomentose and canescent ;
Smooth Waltheria. Fl. July. Clt. 1823.
Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 feet. heads of flowers terminal, few, axillary; tube of stamens nearly
8 W. CORDA'TA (Smith in Rees' cyclop. vol. 37.) leaves entire. ħ.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow.
smooth, cordate, broad-ovate, even, acutely and unequally tooth- Slender Waltheria. Fl. Oct. Shrub į to iz foot.
ed; heads of flowers solitary, axillary, on stiff peduncles. h. 18 W. GLABRIU’SCULA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 153.) stem suf-
.
S. Native of the West Indies. Flowers yellow.
fruticose at the base, nearly simple ; leaves elliptic or roundish,
Heart-leaved Waltheria. Shrub 3 feet.
obtuse, smoothish; heads of flowers terminal and very few,
9 W. CINERA'SCENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 152.) stem shrubby, axillary; calyx villous; tube of stamens 5-cleft.
h.s. Na-
naked ; leaves somewhat imbricated, somewhat ovate-orbicular, tive of Brazil. Flowers yellow.
very obtuse, cordate at the base, coarsely-serrated, tomentose Smoothish Waltheria. Fl. April. Shrub } foot.
on both surfaces, cinereous; heads of flowers terminal ; calyx 19 W. COMMU'NIS (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 155.) stem shrubby
villous ; tube of stamens 5-cleft. n. S. Native of Brazil in at the base, nearly simple, hairy ; leaves ovate-oblong or rarely
the province of Minas Novas. Flowers yellow.
ovate, obtuse, somewhat cordate at the base ; pilose on both
Cinereous Waltheria. Shrub 4 feet.
surfaces, ciliated; heads of flowers hairy-tomentose, terminal ;
10 W. MARITIMA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 153.) stem suffru- tube of stamens very short, 5-cleft. h.S. Native of Brazil
tescent, branched; leaves rather imbricate, ovate, obtuse, deeply- in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow.
serrated; pilose on both surfaces, and with fine glandular tuber- Common Waltheria. Shrub į foot.
cles; heads of flowers terminal ; calyx acuminated, pilose; tube 20 W. MICROPHY’LLA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 317. t. 170. f. 2.) leaves
of stamens nearly entire. ñ.S.
ħ.S. Native of Brazil near Meia- oblong, obtuse, plaited, serrulated, hoary, tomentose; heads of
hype, not far from Benevente. Flowers yellow.
flowers sessile.
Native of the East Indies.- Pluk.
Sea-side Waltheria. Fl. Sept. Shrub 12 foot.
alm. t. 150. f. 5. The whole plant is covered with fine tomen-
11 W. LANA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 154.) stem suffruticose, tum. Leaves small. Flowers yellow.
nearly simple ; leaves ovate, acutish, plaited, lower and middle Small-leaved Waltheria. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1824. Sh. 4 ft.
ones villous above, but villously-tomentose beneath, uppermost 21 W. LONGIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 493.) leaves oblong,
ones woolly, hoary-glaucous; heads of flowers terminal, rarely acutish, toothed, pubescent beneath ; heads of flowers sessile, and
as if they were axillary, covered with woolly tomentum ; tube disposed on the branches as if they were in interrupted spikes.
of stamens entire. n. S. Native of Brazil in the province of hos. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Flowers yellow.
Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow.
Long-leaved Waltheria. Shrub 4 feet.
Woolly Waltheria. Fl. Oct. Shrub 1 foot.
22 W. A'STROPUS (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 31.) leaves ovate, nearly
12 W. LOPHA'NTHUS (Forst. prod. no. 252.) leaves roundish, sessile, deeply toothed, obtuse, rough from stellate down; heads
,
cordate, serrated, stalked, clothed with silky down; heads of of flowers corymbose, terminal. h. S. Native of Brazil.
flowers stalked, with imbricate bracteas. Ñ . S. Native of A'stropus tomentosus, Spreng. Neu. endt.
the Marquis Islands in the South Seas. Lophánthus tomentosus, Starry Waltheria. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
Forst. car. gen. 14. Flowers probably yellow.
Cult. This is a genus of unimportant shrubs, not worth cul-
Crest-flowered Waltheria. Shrub 3 feet?
tivating except in general collections. The species will thrive
13 W. ERIOCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 493.) leaves oval, plait- well in a rich loamy soil, or a mixture of loam and peat, and
ed, toothed, tomentose; stipulas bristly-ciliated, permanent; cuttings will root readily in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat.
heads of flowers on short peduncles ; branches, petioles, and
peduncles clothed with down. ħ. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers
yellow
XVII. ALTHE'RIA (a name abridged from Waltheria).
Hairy-fruited Waltheria. Shrub.
Pet. Th. nov. gen. mad. no. 64. D. C. prod. 1. p. 493.
14 W. OVATA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 317. t. 171. f. 2.) leaves
LIN. SYST.
Monadélphia, Pentándria. Calyx 5-cleft,
roundish-ovate, unequally toothed, tomentose; heads of flowers girded by a 3-leaved involucel. Petals 5. Stamens 5, joined
sessile, leafy. ñ . S. Native of Peru. Flowers yellow. into a tube ; anthers bursting on the outside. Ovary 5-sided.
Stipulas linear, deciduous.
Styles 5, joined. Carpels 5, joined, 1-seeded. Seeds fixed to
Ovate-leaved Waltheria. Shrub 4 feet.
the central placenta.
15 W. ELLIPTICA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 316. t. 171. f. 2.) leaves 1 A. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 493.).
oblong, obtuse, toothed, tomentose; heads of flowers axillary, Native of Madagascar. Visènia Madagascariensis
, Spreng. An
compact, glomerate ; calyx very villous; corolla smooth. h.S. erect, hairy herb, with cordate serrated leaves, and small, axil-
Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow. Stipulas lanceo- lary,
yellow flowers, which are disposed in bundles.
, ,
late, deciduous.
Madagascar Altheria. Shrub 2 feet.
Elliptical-leaved Waltheria. Fl.July. Clt. 1812. Shrub 3 ft. Cult. This plant will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat,
h. S.
h. s.
3 x 2

532
BYTTNERIACEÆ. XVIII. HERMANNIA.
Good Hope.
and sand, and cuttings will strike root freely in sand under a Soft-leaved Hermannia. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1814. Sh. 3 ft.
hand-glass, in heat, or it may be raised from seeds, which is 8 H. DECU'MBENS (Willd. enum. suppl.) leaves pubescently
perhaps the best mode.
tomentose, oblong, unequally toothed, rounded at both ends”;
stipulas ovate, somewhat toothed; peduncles 3-4-flowered,
XVIII. HERMA’NNIA (in honour of Paul Hermann, who drooping ; calyx inflated, globose, very villous. h. G. Spreng.
,
travelled in Ceylon, afterwards professor of botany at Leyden, neu. entd. 1. p. 299. Flowers yellow.
author of some botanical works ; died in 1695). Lin. gen. no. Decumbent Hermannia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1821. Shrub
628. D. C. prod. 1. p. 493.
p.
decumbent.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Pentándria. Calyx almost naked, 9 H. HYSSOPIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 942.) leaves pubescent, wedge-
campanulate, 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Filaments lan- shaped, lanceolate, obtuse, toothed at the apex; flowers termi-
ceolate, usually winged, monadelphous at the very base. Styles nal, aggregate, racemose ; calyx inflated, hairy. Þ.G. Cav.
5, joined into 1. Capsules 5-celled, 5-valved ; cells many- diss. 6. t. 181. f. 3. Flowers straw-coloured.
seeded. Shrubs with usually drooping yellow flowers and gene- Hyssop-leaved Hermannia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1725.
rally clothed with starry tomentum. Leaves entire or toothed. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
Peduncles axillary, few-flowered. All natives of the Cape of 10 H. TRIFOLIA'TA (Lin. spec. 942.) leaves sessile, cuneated,
obcordate, somewhat crenated at the apex, clothed with white
tomentum; stipulas oblong, obtuse, resembling lateral leaflets;
Sect. I. TRIONE'LLA (a name altered from Triònum, the blad- flowers aggregate, pendulous ; calyx inflated, hairy. h. G.
der ketmy; in allusion to the bladdery calyx). D. C. prod. 1. Cav. diss. 6. t. 182. f. 2. Stem very humble, and as if it were
p. 493. Calyx inflated, but particularly so after flowering. creeping. Flowers yellow.
Filaments of stamens much dilated.
Trifoliate Hermannia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1752. Shrub
1 H. MULTIFIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 493.) leaves hoary, pal- trailing.
mate-parted with pinnate parted lobes and somewhat complicated, 11 H. TRIPHY’LLA (Cav. diss. 6. t. 178. f. 3. but not of Lin.)
linear, entire lobules; pedicels 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves somewhat scabrous, 3-parted, with wedge-shaped parti-
leaves; calyx inflated, puberulous. Þ.G. H. bipinnata, var. tions, which are truncated, and toothed at the apex, middle one
Burch. cat. no. 1627. trav. 1. p. 310. Flowers yellow ?
.
stalked; stipulas lanceolate-awl-shaped. h.G. H. triphylla,
Multifid-leaved Hermannia. "Shrub 3 feet.
Lin, is a species of Connārus. Flowers pale-yellow.
.
.
2 H. HALICA'CABA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 493.) leaves whitened Three-leaved Hermannia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1819. Shrub
beneath and dotted above, lower ones palmately 5-parted, 4 to 6 feet.
upper ones 3-parted with pinnatifid lobes, middle lobe longest ; 12 H. GLANDULÒSA (Link. enum. 2. p. 179.) leaves oval,
peduncles 2-4-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; calyxes in- unequally crenate, somewhat pubescent ; stipulas ovate, acute,
flated, puberulous. h. G. H. bipinnata, var. Burch. cat. no. usually cut; stem covered with glandular pubescence. P. G.
2020. Perhaps only a variety of H. multifida. Flowers yellow. Flowers yellow. Perhaps this species does not belong to this
Winter-cherry-calyxed Hermannia. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. section.
3 H. COMÒSA (Burch. cat. no. 1683.) leaves tomentose, ovate,
Glandular-stemmed Hermannia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822.
sinuately-toothed ; stipulas lanceolate-linear ; peduncles 2-
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
flowered ; calyx inflated, furnished with hairy, tufted appendages. 13 H. FRA'GRANS (Link. enum. 2. p. 179.) leaves stalked,
h. G. Flowers yellow?
oval, obtuse, waved, crenate, and are as well as the stem clothed
Tufted-appendaged Hermannia. Shrub 2 feet.
with hairy-tomentum. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good
4 H. ALTHÆIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 941.) leaves tomentose, obovate, Hope. Flowers yellow.
.
plaited, crenate; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, 3-5-nerved ; pedun- Fragrant Hermannia. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
cles solitary or twin, 2-3-flowered, longer than the leaves. N.G.
Curt. bot. mag. t. 307. Cav. diss. 6. t. 179. f. 2. H. aurea, Sect. II. HERMANNE’LLA (a diminutive of Hermánnia).
Jacq. schoenbr. t. 214. Flowers dark-yellow or sulphur-coloured. D. C. prod. 1. p. 494. Calyx not or scarcely inflated. Fila-
Hollyhock-leaved Hermannia. Fl. Mar. July. Clt. 1728. ments of stamens gradually dilated.
Shrub 3 feet.
14 H. DISERMÆFÒLIA (Jacq. schonbr. t. 121.) leaves clothed
5 H. PLICA'TA (Willd. spec. 3.p.589.) leaves tomentosely-hairy, with white tomentum, lanceolate, serrated, bluntish, with waved
ovate, somewhat cordate, wrinkled, toothletted ; stipulas ovate, margins; stipulas awl-shaped ; peduncles 1-flowered, short.
acute ; peduncles 2-3-flowered; calyx cylindrical when in flower, ħ. G. This species is confused by Persoon with H. trifurcàta.
but at length becoming inflated. h. G. H. althæifòlia, Jacq. Flowers orange-coloured, mixed with red.
schoenbr, t. 213. exclusive of the synonyme. Flowers deep- Two-awned-leaved Hermannia. Fl. Mar. April.
Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1795.
yellow. Stipulas 3-nerved.
Shrub 2 to 5 feet.
Plaited-leaved Hermannia. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1774. Shrub 15 H. DI'STICHA (Schrad. and Wendl. sert. han. t. 10.) leaves
3 to 4 feet.
hispidly-villous, roundish-ovate, obtuse, toothed; stipulas some-
6 H. CA'NDICANS (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 412.) leaves clothed what ovate, acuminate; pedicels 1-flowered, shorter than the
with white tomentum, roundish-ovate, crenated; stipulas lan-
1
leaves; calyx angular. h.G. H. rotundifolia, Jacq. schonbr.
ceolate-awl-shaped; peduncles 2-3-flowered; calyx campanu-
t. 118. Flowers deep-yellow. Pedicels very short.
late, spreading. ħ. G. Jacq. schonbr. 1. t. 117. H. præ- Distich-branched Hermannia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1789.
mórsa, Wendl. obs. 51. Flowers yellow.
Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
Whitish-leaved Hermannia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1774. 16 H. MELCHIOÌDES (Burch. cat. no. 2957.) leaves smooth,
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
ovate, unequally toothed; stipulas ovate-acuminated ; pedicels
7 H. MO'LLIS (Willd. enum. p. 692.) leaves covered with 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; filaments filiform-linear.
white tomentum, oblong, obtuse, toothed, wedge-shaped, and h. G. Flowers yellow.
quite entire at the base ; peduncles 2-flowered ; calyx campa- Melochia-like Hermannia. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1818. Shrub
nulate, velvety. Þ.G. Scarcely distinct from H. candicans. 1 to 2 feet.
Flowers yellow.
17 H. BRYONIFÒLIA (Burch. cat. no. 2141.) leaves scabrous,
.

BYTTNERIACEÆ. XVIII. HERMANNIA.
533
with stellate tomentum, cordate, ovate, unequally toothed; sti- 27 H. HISPIDULA (Rchb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 27.) leaves
pulas linear-lanceolate; pedicels 1-flowered, drooping. Þ. G. oblong, tapering to both ends, denticulated, rather hispid;
Leaves resembling those of Málva bryonifolia. Flowers yellow. stipulas ovate-lanceolate ; flowers loosely panicled. G.
Bryony-leaved Hermannia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Flowers yellow.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Hispid Hermannia. Fl. Mar. Apr. Clt. ? Shrub 2 to 4 ft.
18 H. SALVIFÒLIA (Lin. suppl. 302.) leaves tomentosely hispid, 28 H. SCA'BRA (Cav. diss. 6. t. 182. f. 2.) leaves scabrous
wrinkled, oblong, bluntish, quite entire, almost sessile; stipulas above, but tomentose beneath, wedge-shaped, oblong, unequally
long, lanceolate-awl-shaped; pedicels 2-3-flowered; flowers toothed at the apex, quite entire at the base ; stipulas semi-
naked. Þ.G. Cav. diss. 6. t. 180. f. 2. Flowers yellow. cordate, acuminated; pedicels 2-3-flowered. . G. Jacq.
Sage-leaved Hermannia. Fl. Apr. Jul. Clt. 1795. Sh. 3 to 6 ft. schoenbr. t. 127. exclusive of the synonymes.
H. áspera,
19 H. MICANS (Schrad. and Wendl. sert. han. t. 5.) leaves Wendl. obs. 52. H. hírta, Sparm. Flowers pale-yellow.
.
clothed with hispid down, wrinkled, oblong, very blunt, somewhat Scabrous-leaved Hermannia. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1789.
toothed at the apex, on short petioles ; stipulas lanceolate-awl- Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
shaped ; flowers aggregate, involucrated. ñ. G. H. latifòlia, 29 H. MULTIFLÓRA (Jacq. schonbr. t. 128.) leaves smoothish,
Jacq. schoenbr. t. 119. Leaves yellowish from stellate down. wedge-shaped, oblong, truncated, toothed at the apex; stipulas
Flowers dark-yellow.
oblong, acute; racemes few-flowered ; calyx campanulate.
Glittering-leaved Hermannia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Þ.G. Flowers pale-yellow. Pedicels 1-2-flowered.
Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
Many-flowered Hermannia. Fl. March, May. Clt. 1791.
20 H. INVOLUCRA'TA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 328. t. 177. f. 1.) leaves Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
clothed with hispid tomentum, oblong, acutish, quite entire, 30 H. FLA’MMEA (Jacq. schoenbr. t. 129.) leaves smooth,
almost sessile ; stipulas lanceolate-awl-shaped ; flowers solitary, wedge-shaped, lanceolate, truncated, and toothed at the apex ;
involucrated with lanceolate bracteas. h. G. Resembles the racemes terminal; peduncles 1-2-flowered ; calyx somewhat re-
two preceding. Flowers pale-yellow.
flexed. h. G. Flowers orange-coloured or red.
Involucrated-flowered Hermannia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1794. Flame-flowered Hermannia. Fl. year. Clt. 1794. Sh. 1 to 3 ft.
Shrub 2 feet.
31 H. ANGULA'RIS (Jacq. schonbr. t. 126.) leaves smooth
21 H. SCORDIFOLIA (Jacq. schonbr. 1. t. 120.) leaves oblong, above, but hoary beneath, wedge-shaped, lanceolate, truncated
obtuse, crenated, stalked, tomentose beneath ; stipulas aw]- and toothed at the apex; peduncles 2-flowered ; calyx with 5,
shaped ; pedicels 1-2-3-flowered, rather longer than the leaves; winged angles. h. G. Stem scabrous from fascicled tomentum
calyx spreading. h. G. Leaves green and roughish above, Flowers yellow, in short terminal racemes. Perhaps this species
clothed with white short tomentum beneath. Flowers yellow. would have been better placed in the first section.
Germander-leaved Hermannia. Fl. April, Nov. Clt. 1794. Angular-calyxed Hermannia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1791.
Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
22 H. DENUDATA (Lin. fil. suppl. 301.) leaves smooth, lan- 32 H. TRIFU'RCA (Lin. spec. 942.) leaves rather velvety,
ceolate, serrated, glaucous; stipulas ovate, acuminated; pe- wedge-shaped, lanceolate, blunt, entire or 3-toothed at the
dicels usually twin, 2 or 4-flowered. Þ.G. Cav. diss. 6. t. apex; racemes many-flowered ; pedicels 1-flowered, leaning to
181. f. 1. Jacq. schoenbr. t. 122. Flowers deep-yellow. one side ; calyx campanulate. ħ. G. Cav. diss. 6. t. 178.
;
Naked Hermannia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub 3 f. 2. Jacq. schoenbr. t. 125. Flowers pale red.
to 4 feet.
Three-forked-leaved Hermannia. Fl. April, July. Cit. 1789.
23 H. ALNIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 942.) leaves smooth, obovate-
Shrub 1 to 4 feet.
wedge-shaped, very obtuse, crenate, emarginate, plaited; stipu- 33 H. ODORA'TA (Ait. hort, kew. 2. p. 412.) leaves velvety,
las ovate, awl-shaped at the apex; peduncles usually 2-3- wedge-shaped, lanceolate, obtuse, lower ones 3-5-toothed at the
flowered, disposed in racemes at the tops of the branches. ħ. G. apex, upper ones entire ; stipulas linear-awl-shaped; calyx cam-
Curt. bot. mag. t. 299. Cav. diss. 6. p. 329. t. 179. f. 1.
Cav, diss. 6. p. 329. t. 179. f. 1. Jacq. panulate, spreading. h.G. Flowers yellow.
schoenbr. t. 291. Flowers pale-yellow, small.
Sweet-scented Hermannia. Fl. Feb. Oct. Clt. 1780. Shrub
Alder-leaved Hermannia. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1728. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
2 to 6 feet.
34 H. LAVANDULÆFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 942.) leaves clothed with
24 H. CUNEIFÒLIA (Jacq. schoenbr. 1. t. 124.) leaves pubes- velvety tomentum, lanceolate, obtuse, quite entire; stipulas
cent, obovate-wedge-shaped, truncated, emarginate, toothed ;
; linear-awl-shaped ; peduncles 1-2-flowered ; calyx angular, cam-
stipulas ovate, acute; racemes terminal; pedicels 1-flowered.
panulate.
ħ. G. Cav. diss. 6. t. 180. f. 1. Jacq. schoenbr.
h.G. Leaves much smaller than those of the preceding spe- t. 215.-Dill. elth. t. 147. f. 176. Flowers yellow.
cies, but the flowers are larger, of a pale-yellow colour.
Lavender-leaved Hermannia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1732.
Wedge-leaved Hermannia. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1791. Shrub Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
3 to 5 feet.
35 H. VELUTÌNA (Burch. cat. no. 3393.) leaves clothed with
25 H. HOLOSERI'CEA (Jacq. schoenbr. t. 292.) leaves clothed velvety tomentum, oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, mucronate at
with soft white tomentum, oblong, wedge-shaped, rounded and the apex; stipulas linear, acute, twice as long as the petioles ;
toothed at the top ; stipulas lanceolate ; racemes terminal, pani- racemes few-flowered. h. G.
h. G. Flowers yellow. Resembles
cled. h. G. Flowers small, yellow.
H. lavandulæfòlia.
Holosericeous Hermannia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1792. Shrub Velvety-leaved Hermannia. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1818. Sh. 3 ft.
3 to 4 feet.
36 H. LINIFÒLIA (Lin. mant. 256.) leaves linear; peduncles
26 H. HIRSU'TA (Schrad. and Wendl. sert. han. t. 4.) leaves 1-flowered. h. G.
h. G. Flowers yellow?
white from tomentum beneath, oblong-obovate, wedge-shaped,
Flax-leaved Hermannia. Shrub 2 feet.
unequally toothed at the apex; stipulas semi-cordate, acumin- 37 H. FILIFÒLIA (Lin. fil. suppl. 302.) leaves smooth, with
ated; racemes lateral ; pedicels elongated, 2-flowered. h. G. scabrous edges, linear, 3-sided, quite entire ; stipulas long,
Branches hairy, divaricating. Leaves green on the upper
surface. linear; flowers axillary, and terminal, twin, and tern.
Flowers deep yellow.
Cav. diss. 6. p. 332. t. 180. f. 3. Jacq. schenbr. t. 123.
Hairy Hermannia. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1790. Sh. 3 to 5 ft. Flowers of a reddish-sulphur colour.
•
.
.
h.G.

534
BYTTNERIACEÆ. XVIII. HERMANNIA. XIX. MAHERNIA.
.
.
e.
e...
f
if
Thread-leaved Hermannia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub pinnate-parted, with linear, entire lobes ; stipulas cut, trifid.
1 to 3 feet.
h. G. Resembles M. verticillata. Flowers yellow, streaked
38 H. PROCU’MBENS (Cav. diss. 6. t. 177. f. 2.) leaves smooth- with red. Peduncles elongated, 2-flowered.
ish, oblong, pinnatifidly-toothed, lower ones ovate, upper ones Mignonette-leaved Mahernia. Fl. June, Aug. Cit. 1816.
elongated; stipulas cordate, acute; stem procumbent; racemes
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
few-flowered. h. G. Flowers pale-yellow.
3 M. BIPINNA'TA (Lin. syst. 253.) leaves smooth, twice pin-
Procumbent Hermannia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1792. Shrub nate-parted into linear lobes ; peduncles axillary, elongated, 2-
procumbent.
flowered. h.G. Cav. diss. 6. t. 176. f. 2. M. pinnàta, Curt.
39 H. TENUIFÒLIA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1348.) leaves pinna- bot. mag. t. 277. Hermánnia pinnata, Lin. 943. exclusive of
tifid, with linear, entire, acute lobes. ħ. G. Flowers nodding, the synonymes. Flowers drooping, red.
yellow, on very short pedicels. Leaves smooth in the specimen Bipinnate-leaved Mahernia. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1752.
but scabrous in the figure.
Shrub 1 foot.
Thin-leaved Hermannia. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt.? Shrub 2 feet. 4 M. Incìsa (Jacq. schoenbr. 1. t. 54.) leaves pinnate-lobed,
40 H. INCISA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 599.) leaves pinnatifid, with covered with glandular, stellate, and simple down; pedun-
linear-lanceolate, quite entire segments; petals unguiculate, cles usually 2-flowered. Þ.G. Curt. bot. mag. t. 353. Flowers
deeply-toothed. ñ . G. Flowers yellow ? with wedge-shaped in the bud of a deep-crimson, as they open they incline to a
filaments. Habit of Mahérnia.
deep-orange, and finally become yellowish.
Cut-petalled Hermannia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1806. Shrub Cut-leaved Mahernia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1792. Sh. 2 to 4 ft.
2 to 3 feet.
5 M. DIFFU'SA (Jacq.
FIG. 91.
41 H. GRANDIFLORA (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 141.) schoenbr. 2. t. 201.)
.
leaves lanceolate, smooth, upper ones quite entire, lower ones leaves smooth, pinnatifid;
serrated at the apex. h. G. Flowers large, red?
peduncles 2 - flowered,
Great-flowered Hermannia. Fl. year. Clt. 1791. Shrub 1 ft. and are erect as well as
42 H. PULVERULE'NTA (Andr. bot. rep. t. 164.) leaves rough- branches; stem scabrous,
ish and whitish, bipinnatifid; peduncles 2-flowered, very long procumbent, diffuse. ħ.
.
h
ħ. G. Flowers of a dirty-yellow colour. Resembles Mahér- G. Lodd. bot. cab. t.
nia but has lanceolate filaments.
187. Hermánnia diffùsa,
Powdered-leaved Hermannia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. Lin. fil. suppl. 302.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
Flowers drooping, yellow.
43 H. ARGEÖNTEA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 17.) leaves beset Diffuse Mahernia. Fi.
9
with starry scales, doubly pinnatifid, with decurrent lobes ; pe- June, Aug. Clt. 1774. C..
duncles racemose, 1-flowered. h. G. Leaves almost like those Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
of Lavandula multífida, but smaller and scaly. Flowers orange- 6 M. HETEROPHY'LLA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 324. t. 178. f. 1.)
coloured, mixed with yellow. Calyx short, campanulate. leaves opposite, and in whorls, scabrous from scattered stellated
Silvery Hermannia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 to 4 ft. tomentum, linear-wedge-shaped, coarsely-toothed; stipulas li-
44 H. CORONOPIFÒLIA (Link. enum. 2. p. 180.) leaves linear, near, entire; peduncles velvety, somewhat terminal, 2-4-flower-
pinnatifid, fleshy, smoothish; stem pubescent. ħ. G.
ed. ñ. G. Hermánnia grossulariæfòlia, Lin. spec. 943.
.
Buckhorn-leaved Hermannia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Flowers bright-yellow.
Shrub 2 feet.
Various-leaved Hermannia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1731. Shrub
Cult. The species of Hermánnia grow freely in any light 1 to 2 feet.
rich soil, or a mixture of loam and peat; and young cuttings will 7 M. ERODIOIDES (Burch. cat. no. 1491.) leaves smooth,
root readily in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass. They ovate, obtuse, deeply toothed, with unequal, obtuse lobules ;
are all free flowerers and worth cultivating.
stipulas ovate; peduncles 2-flowered, twice as long as the leaves.
h.G. Flower probably yellow.
XIX. MAHE'RNIA (an anagram of Hermánnia). Lin. Erodium-like Mahernia. Shrub 1 foot?
mant. 59. D. C. prod. 1. p. 496.
8 M. SESSILIFO'LIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 496.) leaves pinnate-
Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Pentándria. Calyx naked, cam- parted, with linear, entire, acute lobes; lower leaves, as well as
panulate, 5-cleft. Petals 5, with an obcordate limb, spirally stems, beset with bristly hairs; branches twiggy, smooth at the
twisted, and straightish claws (f. 91. 6.). Filaments 5 (f. 91.f.), top ; peduncles 1-2-flowered. h.G. Flowers yellow?
monadelphous at the base (f. 91. c.), dilated into a cordate tu- Sessile-leaved Mahernia., Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub
bercle, or a cup-formed process in the middle (f. 91. g.). Styles 1 to 2 feet.
5, sometimes joined into 1 (f. 91. d.). Capsules 5-celled, 5- 9 M. RU’TILA (Jacq. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 28.) leaves sub-
valved (f. 91.f.), many-seeded. Small shrub with the habit of pinnatifid, oblong, cut, scabrous; stem procumbent, hairy? h.G.
Hermannia, with toothed or pinnatifid leaves, and drooping, red, Ruddy Mahernia. Fl. June, July. Shrub 1 foot.
or yellow flowers. All natives of the Cape of Good Hope. 10 M. PULCHE’LLA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 325. t. 177. f. 3.) leaves
1 M. VERTICILLA'TA (Lin. mant. 59.) leaves disposed in smooth, pinnatifid, with entire or cut, blunt lobes; stipulas ovate,
whorls, entire, or trifid, linear, ciliated ; stem decumbent; ending in a bristle ; peduncles 2-flowered, drooping, shorter than
peduncles 1-2-flowered, involucrated. h. G. Cav. diss. 6. t. the leaves ; stem erect, rather scabrous. ħ. G. Hermánnia
176. f. 1. Hermánnia ciliàris, Lin. fil. suppl. 302.-Pluk. mant. pulchélla, Lin. fil. suppl. 302. Flowers small, reddish.
t. 344. f. 3. Flowers yellow, with red veins. There are 2
Neat Mahernia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1792. Shrub 1 to 1 ft.
varieties of this plant, one with almost smooth leaves, the other 11 M. Fra GRANS (Rchb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 29.) leaves
with ciliated leaves. The leaves are opposite, pinnatifid, or linear-lanceolate, acutely and deeply pinnatifid, hispid from stel-
trifid, and the stipulas are large and trifid, giving the appearance late hairs beneath ; stipulas 3-parted; bracteas connate; pedicels
of whorled leaves.
hispid. h.G. Flowers red?
Whorled-leaved Mahernia. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. 2 ft. Fragrant Mahernia. Fl. April, July. Shrub 1 foot.
2 M. RESEDÆFÒLIA (Burch. cat. no. 2280.) leaves smooth, 12 M. vernicA'TA (Burch. cat. no. 1461. trav. 1. p. 278.)
.
1

BYTTNERIACEÆ. XIX. MAHERNIA. XX. Ruizia. XXI. PENTAPETES.
535
the whole plant is very smooth; leaves pinnatifid, with entire,
blunt lobes; stipulas ovate; peduncles usually 2-flowered,
Tribe IV.
shorter than the leaves; stem erect. h.G. Flowers nodding,
DOMBEYACEÆ (plants agreeing with Dombèya in im-
of a vermilion colour.
Varnished Mahernia. Fl. June, Aug.
Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub 1 portant characters.) Kunth, malv. p. 12. D. C. prod. 1.
p.
497.
Calyx 5-lobed (f. 92. a.). Petals 5, flat, large, rather unequal-
to 2 feet.
13 M. GLABRA'TA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 326. t. 200. f. 1.) leaves
sided (f. 92. b.), convolute when in the bud. Stamens multiple
roughish from dots and stellated down, lanceolate, distantly, pin-
the number of petals, in one row, monadelphous (f. 92. d. c.),
natifidly toothed; stipulas ovate, mucronate ; peduncles very long, rarely all fertile
, but generally intermixed with sterile thread-
2-flowered. h. G.
Þ.G. Jacq. schoenbr. 1. t. 53. Hermánnia gla-
like filaments, or strap-formed ones (f. 92. d.); with 2 or 3 fer-
bràta, Lin. fil. suppl. 301. Mahérnia odorata, Andr. bot. rep.
tile ones between each sterile one (f. 92. c.). Styles 3-5, joined
t. 85. Flowers drooping, yellow, with a scent like the Jon-
(f. 92. f.) or free. Ovulæ 2 in each cell, or if more they are
quil ; they are rather large.
disposed in 2 rows. Embryo straight, located in the axis of a
Smooth Mahernia. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1789. Shrub 1
.
fleshy albumen. Cotyledons leafy, usually bifid, twisted, or
flat. This tribe contains shrubs and trees usually with large
to 2 feet.
14 M. OXALIDIFLO'RA (Burch. cat. no. 1536. trav. 1. p. 295.) elegant flowers.
leaves smooth, pinnatifid, with entire, acutish lobes; stipulas
ovate, acute; branches erect, rather scabrous; peduncles 1-2-
XX. RUIZIA (in honour of Don Hippolito Ruiz, a traveller
flowered, longer than the leaves. ħ. G. Resembles M. ver-
in Peru and Chili, author of Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, in 5
nicàta, but with the leaves more deeply cut, and with flowers
vols. 4to, in conjunction with Pavon, see Pavónia.) Cav. diss.
twice the size. Flowers red or yellow.
p. 3. 117. D. C. prod. 1. p. 497.
.
Oxalis-flowered Mahernia. Fi. April, July. Clt. 1817. Shrub
Lin. Syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx permanent,
1 to 2 feet.
5-parted, surrounded by a 3-leaved, deciduous involucel. Petals
15 M. GRANDIFLORA (Burch. trav. 1. p. 295. and bot. reg.
5. Stamens 30-40, joined into an urceolus, all bearing anthers.
.
3. t. 224.) leaves lanceolate-cuneated, obtuse, serrate-toothed, Styles 10. Carpels 10, woody-membranous, 2-seeded, cohering
)
-
white beneath ; peduncles usually 2-flowered, divaricating, and closely together. Seeds rather triquetrous, not winged. -Shrubs,
are as well as the calyxes clammy. h.G. Paters. trav. p. 60
natives of the Mauritius. Leaves lobed or entire, clothed with
with a figure. Flowers campanulate, the largest of all the genus,
mealy down beneath. Peduncles axillary, bifid, corymbose.
,
drooping, red. M. Burchéllii, Sweet.
Flowers small.
Great-flowered Mahernia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub
1 R. CORDA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 117. t. 36. f. 2.) leaves cor-
1 to 2 feet.
date, oblong, acuminated, repand, hoary. h. s. Native of
16 M. BISERRATA (Cav. diss. 6. p. 326. t. 200. f. 2.) leaves
the island of Bourbon. Flowers pale-yellow.
smooth, ovate-lanceolate, unequally toothed ; stipulas lanceolate,
Cordate-leaved Ruizia. Shrub 6 feet.
mucronate; peduncles 3-flowered, length of leaves.
h. G.
2 R. LOBATA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 118. t. 36. f. 1.) leaves cor-
Hermánnia biserràta, Lin. fil. suppl. 302. Flowers yellow. Habit
date, crenated, 3-5-lobed, oblong, middle lobe longest and acu-
of Hermánnia.
minated, hoary beneath, and smooth above. h.S. Native of
Twice-serrate-leaved Mahernia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
the island of Bourbon. Flowers pale-red.
17 M. VESICA'RIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 497.) leaves clothed
Lobed-leaved Ruizia. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 feet.
with stellate hairs beneath, lanceolate, pinnatifid, with 2-3-
3 R. VARIA'BILIS (Jacq. schonbr. 3. t. 295.) leaves of flower-
toothed lobes ; stipulas setaceous ; stem hairy; flowers terminal, ing branches palmatifid, those of sterile branches palmate-
racemose ; peduncles 1-flowered; fruit inflated, 5-angled. h. parted, hoary beneath.
, .
h. S. Native of the island of
G. Native of? Hermánnia vesicaria, Cav. diss. 6. p. 331. t.
Bourbon. R. palmàta, Cav. diss. 3. p. 119. t. 37. f. 1. Flowers
181. f. 2. M. odorata, var. B? incìsa, Pers. ench. 2. p. 218. pale-red,
.
Flowers yellow. Filaments obcordate, hairy.
Var. B, laciniàta (Cav. diss. 3. p. 119. t. 37. f. 2.) leaves
Bladdery-capsuled Mahernia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818.
palmate-parted, with linear, very narrow, pinnatifid lobes. h.S.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers pale-red.
18 M. LINNÆOI'DES (Burch. cat. 'no. 1878.) leaves ovate-
Variable-leaved Ruizia. Fl. May. Clt. 1792. Shrub 10 ft.
roundish, crenated, clothed with dots of stellate down; stipulas
Cult. The species of Ruízia thrive well in a mixture of loam,
acute; pedicels 1-2-flowered, much longer than the leaves.
sand, and peat; and cuttings will root freely if planted in the
G. Flowers red? A very distinct species, with the habit of
same kind of soil under a hand-glass, in heat.
Linnæ a borealis.
Linnæa-like Mahernia. Pl. { foot.
XXI. PENTA’PETES (one of the names given by the
19 M.? VIOLA'CEA (Burch. cat. no. 3098.) leaves ovate, ob- Greeks to Cinquefoil, from mevte, pente, five, in allusion to the
tuse, toothed, smooth ; peduncles 1-3-flowered, longer than the 5-celled fruit.) Lin. gen. no. 834. D. C. prod. 1. p. 498.-
leaves, and opposite them. 24 ? G. Flowers of a violet-colour. Brotèra, Cav. icon. 5. p. 19.
Plant with the habit of Melòchia pyramidàta.
LIN. SYST. Monadelphia, Polyandria. Calyx deciduous,
Violaceous-flowered Mahernia. Pl. 1 foot.
girded by a unilateral, 3-leaved involucel. Petals 5. Stamens
20 M. SPINO'SA (Burch. trav. 1. p. 279.) leaves minute, with 3 antheriferous filaments between each sterile one. Style
wedge-shaped, usually 3-toothed at the apex, and are smooth as 1, with 5 teeth at the apex, or 5 styles joined together. Cap-
well as the erect, branched stem.
Þ.G.
sule 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. Seeds naked, never
Spinose Mahernia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
winged.--Annual herbs, with undivided leaves, and axillary,
Cult. Mahérnia is
of
pretty little shrubs. An equal 1 or few-flowered peduncles. Flowers shewy.
mixture of loam and peat suits them best, and young cuttings 1 P. PHƠNICEA (Lin. spec. 958.) leaves lanceolate, halbert-
taken off at a joint, and planted in the same kind of soil, under shaped, serrated; flowers 1-2, axillary, drooping ; anthers 15;
a hand-glass, will root readily.
genus
style 1, 5-toothed at the apex. T. S. Native of the East
a
4.
a
ܪܬ
a

536
BYTTNERIACEÆ. XXI. PENTAPETES. XXII. Assonia. XXIII. DOMBEYA.
-
a
Indies. Mill. fig. t. 200. Ker. bot. reg. t. 575.-Rumph. There is a variety with 5-cleft, 5-nerved leaves. Flowers at
amb. 5. p. 288. t. 100. f. 1.-Rheed. mal. 10. p, 1. t. 1. Flowers first white, then pale-yellow, but at last rust-coloured.
drooping, scarlet.
Palmate-leaved Dombeya. Tree 20 feet.
Scarlet-flowered Pentapetes. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1690. 2 D. ACUTA'NGULA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 122. t. 38. f. 2.) younger
Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
leaves tomentose, at length smooth, cordate, 5-7-nerved, round-
2 P. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. ish, crenated, with 3-5 angles, angles or lobes acute, when 5
655.) leaves linear-lanceolate, serrated, roundish and cordate at the the 2 lower ones are very small; corymbs bifid, with racemose
base; flowers 1-2, axillary, drooping; fertile anthers 15; style branches. n. S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers red,
clavate, sulcated. O ? S. Native of Java. Flowers probably larger than those of the preceding.
red or scarlet.
Acute-angled-leaved Dombeya. Shrub 20 feet.
Narrow-leaved Pentapetes. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
3 D. ANGULA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 123. t. 39. f. 1.) leaves
3 P. ova'ta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 498.) leaves ovate, serrated ; tomentose, cordate, roundish, toothed, obsoletely 3-lobed ; um-
peduncles axillary, 2-3-flowered ; anthers 5; styles 5.
O.S.
bels simple ; peduncles shorter than the leaves. ħ.s. Native
Native of New Spain. Brotèra ovata, Cav. icon. 5. p. 19. t. of the island of Bourbon. Flowers red. Calyx tomentose.
433. Sprengèlia modésta, Schultz. obs. 134. Flowers reddish- Angular-leaved Dombeya. Shrub 10 feet.
yellow. Perhaps generically distinct from P. phoenicea.
4 P. TILIÆFÒLIA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 124. t. 39. f. 2.) younger
Ovate-leaved Pentapetes. Fl. June, Sep. Clt. 1805. Pl. 2 ft. leaves tomentose, adult ones smoothish, cordate, 7-nerved, cre-
Cult. Beautiful flowering plants, which will grow freely in a nate; corymbs bifid. h. S. Native of Bourbon. Flowers
mixture of loam, sand, and peat, or any light rich soil; and probably red.
cuttings soon strike root in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in Lime-tree-leaved Dombeya. Fl. 1820. Shrub 10 feet.
heat. They are also easily increased by seeds, which generally 5 D. TOMENTÒSA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 125. t. 39. f. 3.) leaves
ripen in this country.
tomentose, roundish, cordate, acuminate, 5-nerved, transversely
veined, crenated ; umbel bifid. h.S. Native of Madagascar.
1
XXII. ASSO'NIA (in honour of Ignatius de Asso, a distin-
Flowers white or red. Peduncles, petioles, and branches beset
guished Spanish botanist, who wrote on the plants of Arragon)
with long hairs.
Cav. diss. 3. p. 120. D. C. prod. 1. p. 498.
Tomentose Dombeya. Shrub 10 feet.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx permanent, 5-
6 D. HAMILTONIA'NA (Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 1. p. 69. t. 77.)
parted, girded by a 1-leaved, 3-crenated, lateral involucel.
shrub densely clothed with tomentum ; leaves ovate, subcordate,
Petals 5. Stamens 15, bearing anthers, that is, 3 fertile ones
obtuse, unequally and acutely toothed ; peduncles axillary, 3-
between each sterile one. Styles 5, very short. Carpels 5, 2-
flowered, twice the length of the petioles. h.s. Native of the
East Indies on the banks of Irawaddi near Melloon, also on
seeded, closely joined together into a capsule. Seeds some-
what triquetrous, not winged. Trees with undivided leaves, and
.
Mount Taong Dong near Ava. Flowers large, yellow, invo-
lucrated.
axillary, bifid, subcorymbose peduncles. Flowers white or red.
1 A. POPU'LNEA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 120. t. 42. f. 3.) leaves cor-
Hamilton's Dombeya. Fl. Nov. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
date, acuminated, smooth, a little serrated; peduncles scarcely date, acuminate, serrated, 5-7-nerved, sometimes 3-lobed, lateral
7 D. CORDIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 499.) leaves smooth, cor-
longer than the petioles. n. S. Native of the island of Bour-
bon. Flowers red ? disposed in a terminal, bifid corymb.
lobes small; peduncles rather longer than the petioles. n. S.
h.
Native of the East Indies. D. tiliæfòlia and angulàta, Roxb.
Poplar-leaved Assonia. Clt. 1820. Tree 10 to 20 feet.
2 A. VIBURNOI'DES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 498.) leaves cordate,
hort. beng. Hook, bot. mag. 2905. Involucre soon falling off.
somewhat acuminate, crenated, tomentose beneath, as well as
Anthers 10. Flowers large, red, in dichotomous crowded corymbs.
younger leaves ; peduncles 3 times longer than the petioles. h.
Calyx reflexed. Leaves pubescent beneath.
S. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers white ?
Heart-leaved Dombeya. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 feet.
Viburnum-like Assonia. Clt. 1822. Tree 10 to 20 feet.
§ 2. Leaflets of involucel narrow, lanceolate, or linear.
Cult. These trees will grow freely in any light rich soil, or a
mixture of loam and peat. Young cuttings planted in mould
8 D. UMBELLA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 127. t. 41. f. 1.) leaves
under a hand-glass, in heat, will soon strike root.
smooth, cordate, ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat repand;
umbels globose, simple ; peduncles twice as long as petioles.
h. S. Native of Bourbon. Lam. ill. t. 576. f. 2. Flowers
XXIII. DOMBE'YA (in honour of Joseph Dombey, a French at first white, then rust-coloured.
botanist, and traveller in Peru and Chili, companion of Ruiz and Umbel-flowered Dombeya. Shrub 10 feet.
Pavon.) Cav. diss. 3. p. 121. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 259. t. 137. 9 D. FERRUGÍNEA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 128. t. 42. f. 2.) leaves
but not of Lam. D. C. prod. 1. p. 498.
tomentose beneath, smooth above, ovate-oblong, 7-nerved, some-
LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-parted, per- what peltately cordate, toothed ; corymbs 2-parted; peduncles
manent, girded by a 3-leaved, unilateral involucel. Petals 5.
twice as long as petioles. H. S. Native of the Mauritius.
Stamens 15-20. Filaments joined together at the very base, Leaves rusty beneath, as well as the branches.
5 sterile, with 2-3 fertile ones between each of the sterile ones. Rusty-leaved Dombeya. Clt. 1815.
Clt. 1815. Shrub 10 feet.
Style 1, divided at the top into 5 somewhat reflexed stigmas. 10 D. GRANDIFOLIA (Lamb. herb.) leaves broad, cordate,
Carpels 5, 2-valved, 1 or many-seeded, closely joined together slightly lobed, smooth ; peduncles panicled. h. S. Native of
into a capsule. Cotyledons twisted, bifid. Flowers in bifid the Mauritius. Flowers red?
corymbs, with a single-stalked flower in the fork.
Great-leaved Dombeya. Tree 20 feet.
§ 1. Leaflets of involucel broad, ovate or cordate.
11 D. PUNCTA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 125. t. 40. f. 1.) leaves
rather downy beneath, roughly dotted above, somewhat cordate,
1 D. PALMA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 122. t. 38. f. 1.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, 5-nerved, entire; corymbs crowded ;
smooth, palmate, 7-cleft, 7-nerved, with lanceolate, serrated peduncles longer than the leaves. h.S. Native of Bourbon.
lobes; corymbs bifid. h.s. Native of the island of Bourbon. Flowers white or red.

BYTTNERIACEÆ. XXIV. MELHANIA. XXV. 537
.
TROCHETIA. XXVI. PTEROSPERMUM.
h.s.
p. 499.
ħ. s.
α
b
ge
c
e
Dotted-leaved Dombeya. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 feet.
Cult. Melhània is a beautiful genus of shrubs and trees.
12 D. OVA'TA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 127. t. 41. f.2.) leaves clothed They will grow well in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and
with white tomentum beneath, smoothish above, 3-5-nerved, cuttings will root in the same kind of soil, under a hand-glass,
ovate, acute, toothed ; corymbs bifid; style very small.
in heat. They are all liable to be covered with insects, such as
.
Native of Bourbon. Shrub clothed with rusty hairs. Flowers the mealy bug, scale, and red spider, which should be carefully
whitish, or pale red.
cleaned off, or the plants will not thrive.
Ovate-leaved Dombeya. Clt. 1822. Tree 16 feet.
Cult. All the species of Dombèya thrive well in sandy loam ; XXV. TROCHE'TIA (in memory of M. Du Trochet, a ve-
and young cuttings will root freely in sand, under a hand-glass, getable physiologist). D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 106. prod. 1.
in a moist heat.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-parted (f.
XXIV, MELHA'NIA (from Mount Melhan in Arabia Felix,
.
92. a.), spreading, naked. Petals 5 (f. 92.b.). Stamens 20-25,
the habitation of M. velutina). Forsk. descr. 64. Ait. hort.
monadelphous at the base (f. 92. c.), 5-7 of which are sterile
kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 146.
.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 499.
(f. 92. d.). Ovary (f. 92. e.) 1, roundish, scaly. Style filiform
LIN. SYST. Monadélphia, Decándria. In every respect the
5. ,
same as Dombèya, but with 10 stamens
, 5 fertile, and 5 sterile
, (f: 92. f.). Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds small, roundish,
,
wingless. Shrubs with entire leaves, which are rusty or scaly
each of the fertile ones bearing either 1 or 2 anthers. Suffi- beneath and axillary, 1-3-flowered, drooping peduncles.
ciently distinct from Dombèya.
1 T. UNIFLORA (D. C. mem.
FIG. 92.
$1. Fertile filaments bearing 2 anthers each.
mus. 10. p. 106. with a figure).
1 M. DECANTHe'ra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 499.) leaves smooth,
leaves ovate, somewhat acute,
elliptical, acuminated at both ends, repandly-toothed ; pedun-
twice as long as broad ; peduncles
1-flowered.
cles many-flowered, umbelliferous.
h. S.
Native of Ma-
Native of
dagascar. Dombèya decanthèra, Cav. diss. 3. p. 126. t. 40. the Island of Bourbon. Flowers
f. 2. Flowers small, white?
white or pale-red (f. 92.).
Ten-anthered Melhania. Tree 10 feet.
One-flowered Trochetia. Tree
20 feet.
§ 2. Fertile filaments, bearing 1 anther each.
2 T. TRIFLORA (D. C. 1. c. with
2 M. ERYTHRO'XYLON (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 146.) a figure) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
leaves ovate-cordate, somewhat peltate, acuminate, crenulated,
acuminated, 4-times as long as
tomentose beneath, netted ; peduncles usually 3-flowered. h.s. broad; peduncles 3-flowered ;
Native of St. Helena in groves. Flowers large, white. Pen- flowers rising from the top of the
tápetes erythróxylon, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 138. Dom- peduncle; middle pedicel naked,
bèya erythróxylon, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1000. This tree flowers lateral ones each furnished with a
even when only 11 foot high.
bractea. n. S. Native of the Is-
Red-wooded Melhania. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1772. Tree 15 ft.
land of Bourbon. Flowers white
3 M. MELANÓXYLON (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 146.) or pale-red?
leaves cordate, quite entire, tomentose on both surfaces, even ; Three-flowered Trochetia. Tree 20 feet,
peduncles usually 3-flowered. n. S. Native of St. Helena. Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of loam
-Pluk. mant. 6. t. 333. f. 5. The involucel in this and M.
ery- and peat; and young cuttings will strike root freely in the
thróxylon soon fall off. Flowers white.
same kind of soil under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
Black-wooded Melhania. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. Tree
20 feet.
XXVI. PTEROSPE'RMUM (from tépov, pteron, a wing, and
4 M. DenHA'MII (R. Brown, in Denh. et Clapp. trav. appen. p. Oteppa, sperma, a seed ; in allusion to the seeds being winged).
27.). Þ.G. Native of the north of Africa near Soudan. This Schroeb. gen. no. 1124. D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 111. prod. i.
species differs from all the others in having its bracteas regu-
larly whorled, and at the same time longer and much broader LIN, Syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-parted,
than the divisions of the calyx.
somewhat tubular at the base, naked or involucrated. Petals
Denham's Melhania. Shrub.
5, usually shorter than the sepals. Stamens 20, 5 of these are
5 M. VELUTI'NA (Forsk. descr. 64.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, sterile. Style cylindrical. Stigma thickish. Capsules woody,
serrated, tomentose; umbels axillary, simple, 4-flowered. N.G. 5-celled. Seeds drawn out into a wing. Albumen sparing or
Native of Arabia Felix on Mount Melhan, whence the generic wanting. Trees with large leaves, which are usually hoary
name. Pentápetes velutina, Vahl. symb. 1. p. 49. Dombèya beneath, and large, axillary or terminal, solitary flowers.
p.
velutina, Willd.
spec.
Flowers yellow.
Velvety Melhania. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
Sect. I. VELA'GA (meaning unknown). Adans. fam. 2. p.
.
6 M. Burche'llII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 499.) leaves oblong- 389. D. C. prod. 1. p. 500. Involucel wanting.
linear, bluntish, somewhat serrated, velvety and hoary on both 1 P. ACERIFOLIUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 729.) leaves broad, pel-
surfaces; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, length of petioles. . G. tately-cordate, obtuse, with a short acumen, toothed, tomentose
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Melhània, Burch. cat. no. beneath ; pedicels shorter than the petioles. h.s. Native of
2417. Flowers white ?
the East Indies. Sims, bot. mag. t. 620. Pentápetes acerifòlia,
Burchell's Melhania. Clt. 1818. Tree 15 feet.
Lin. spec. 939.
. 939. Cav. diss. 3. p. 131. t. 44. Velàgo 'xylocárpa,
7 M.? PROSTRA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 499.) leaves linear, Gært. fr. 2. p. 245. t. 133. -Amm. act. petr. 8. t. 16 and 17.
entire, smooth above, hoary beneath ; pedicels axillary, 1-
Flowers white.
flowered, twice or thrice as long as the petioles. ħ. G. Native Maple-leaved Pterospermum. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1790.
of the Cape of Good Hope. Dombèya prostràta, Burch. cat. no.
Tree 25 feet.
2153. Flowers not seen.
2 P. SUBERIFÒLIUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 728.) leaves oblong,
Prostrate Melhania. Shrub prostrate.
acuminated, obliquely cordate at the base, coarsely toothed at
3 Z
a
p. 500.
VOL.I.PART. VI.

538
BYTTNERIACEÆ. XXVI. PTEROSPERMUM. XXVII. VISENIA, XXVIII. ASTRAPÆA. XXIX. Kydia.
p. 500.
the apex, tomentose beneath; pedicels hardly length of the 1 V. UMBELLA'TA (Blum. 1. c.). . S. Native of Java.
petioles, but crowded at the tops of the branches.
h. s.
A tree with cordate, acuminated, obtusely-serrated leaves, which
Native of the East Indies. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1526. Pentá- are canescent, and axillary, stalked, umbellate corymbs of flowers.
petes suberifòlia, Lin. spec. 959. Cav. diss. 3. t. 43. f. 2. Umbellate-flowered Visenia. Tree 20 feet.
-Amm. act. petr. 8. t. 14. Flowers white, axillary, solitary, Cult. This tree may be propagated and cultivated in the
twin or tern at the tops of the branches.
same manner as recommended for Pterospérmum.
Cork-tree-leaved Pterospermum. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1783. .
Tree 15 feet.
3 P. LANCEÆFÒLIUM (Roxb. hort. beng. 50.) leaves unequal- XXVIII. ASTRAPÆA (from aorpaan, astrape, lightning ;
sided, oblong-lanceolate or oval-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, brightness of flowers). Lindl. coll. bot. t. 14. D. C. prod. 1.
tomentose beneath ; pedicels much longer than the petioles.
h.S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers white.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Flowers umbellate,
Lance-leaved Pterospermum. Clt. 1820. Tree 60 feet. girded by a many-leaved involucel ; leaflets roundish, ovate,
4 P. RUBIGINÒSUM (Heyne, mss. in Lin. soc. herb.) leaves with the 2 outer ones opposite. Calyx of 5 sepals, with 1 brac-
ovate, quite entire, oblique, very unequal-sided, acuminate, tea on the outside of each. Petals 5. Stamens joined into a
clothed with rusty tomentum on the under surface as well as long tube, 5 sterile, 20 fertile. Ovary 5-celled. Style 1. Stig-
5
branches and calyx; peduncles longer than the petioles. ħ.s. mas 5. Ovulæ few in each cell. Elegant trees, with large
Native of the East Indies. Leaves small.
angular leaves, and drooping umbels of scarlet flowers.
Rusty-leaved Pterospermum. Tree.
1 A. WALLI'CHI (Lindl. coll. bot. t. 14.) leaves large, cor-
5 P. 'HeYNEA'NUM ; leaves oblong, or obovately oblong, quite date, angularly lobed; stipulas leafy, ovate, acuminated; pe-
entire, usually oblique at the base, abruptly acuminated at the duncles long, hairy; umbels drooping. h.s. Native of Ma-
apex, sometimes so as to appear tricuspidate, clothed with white dagascar. Ker. bot. reg. t. 691.
reg. t. 691. A. Wallichii and A. penduli-
tomentum on the under surface; peduncles axillary, short, 2-3- flòra, D. C. Flowers scarlet. Anthers yellow,
flowered, sometimes twin. n. S. Native of the East Indies. Wallich's Astrapæa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 ft.
P. suberifolium, Heyn. mss. herb.
2 A.? visco'sa (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 58.) leaves large, cordate,
Heyne's Pterospermum. Tree.
with 5 angular lobes, clammy, as well as the
young
branches.
h.s. Native of Madagascar.
Sect. II. PTEROLÆ'NA (from ttepov, pteron, a wing, and
Clammy Astrapæa. Clt. 1823. Tree 30 feet.
xlalva, chlaina, a covering ; in allusion to the flower being invo-
3 A. TILIÆFO'LIA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 58.) H.S. Native
of the island of Bourbon. Perhaps a species of Dombèya.
.
lucrated). D. C. mem, mus. 10. p. 111. prod. 1. p. 500. Invo-
lucel 3-leaved ; leaflets large, cordate-roundish, fringed or
Lime-tree-leaved Astrapæa. Cīt. 1824. Tree 10 feet?
jagged.
Cult. A. Wallichii is one of the finest plants that ever was
6 P. SEMISAGITTA'TUM (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 50.) leaves
introduced into Britain ; when in flower nothing can exceed it
oblong, acuminated, entire, cordate at the base, with unequal in beauty. All the species will grow well in a rich soil or a
lobes, one of which is short and obtuse, the other is drawn out
mixture of loam and peat; and young cuttings planted in
into a long point. h.s. Native of the East Indies. Link.
mould, and placed under a hand-glass in heat, will soon strike
enum. 2. p. 200. D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 111. with a figure.
Eriolæ'na Roxbúrghii, Spreng. This is a very shewy tree with
dark-red flowers.
Stipulas palmate, fringed.
+ Uncertain Dombeyàceæ.
Semisagittate-leaved Pterospermum. Clt. 1820. Tr. 20 ft.
7 P. DIVERSIFOLIUM (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1.
p. 655.) leaves oblong, broadest above, serrated, obliquely cor-
XXIX. KY'DIA (in memory of Colonel Robert Kyd, whose
date at the base, with rounded entire lobes, younger ones peltate, Company, to begin a botanical garden and nursery at Calcutta,
love for botany induced him, at the desire of the East India
3-5-lobed.
Native of Java. Eriolæ'na diversifolia,
,
Spreng. Flowers white ?
which he conducted with much success during his life.) Roxb.
Diverse-leaved Pterospermum. Tree 23 feet.
cor. 3. p. 11. D. C. prod. 1. p. 500.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx campanulate,
LIN
+ Species, the name of which is only known.
5-lobed, surrounded by a 4-6-leaved involucel, with the leaflets
of the involucel adhering to the calyx at the base. Petals 5,
8 P. CANE'SCENS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 50.). . S. Na- obliquely obcordate, longer than the calyx. Stamens monadel-
K.
tive of Ceylon. Flowers white ?
phous in a long tube ; anthers disposed in 5, 4-anthered bundles
Hoary Pterospermum. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet.
on the top of the teeth of the staminiferous tube. Ovary 1. Style
Cult. This is a genus of fine broad-leaved trees. They will trifid. Stigmas dilated. Capsules 3-celled, 3-valved, 3-seeded.
thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and cuttings, Seeds fixed to the bottom of the cells.--East India trees, with
not deprived of their leaves, will root readily in sand, under a alternate 5-nerved and somewhat 3-5-lobed, or almost entire
hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
leaves, which are tomentose beneath, and diffuse panicles of
white flowers. The proper place of this genus is uncertain.
XXVII. VISE'NIA (probably from the name of some bo- 1 K. CALYCI'NA (Roxb. cor. 3. t. 215.) involucel 4-leaved,
tanist). Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 654. Glos- much longer than the calyx. h. S. Native of the East
sospérmum, Wall. in herb. soc. Lin.
Indies, on the Coromandel coast. Flowers white. Anthers
LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Pentándria. Calyx 5-cleft. Pe-
SYST.
almost sessile on the top of the tube. Style protruding beyond
tals 5. Stamens 5, all fertile, monadelphous at the base. the tube of stamens.
Carpels 5, connate, 2-valved, 1-seeded. Seeds fixed to the Large-calyxed Kydia. Clt. 1818. Tree 25 feet.
bottom of the cells, ending in a wing at the apex. Albumen 2 K. FRATE'RNA (Roxb. cor. 3. p. 216.) involucel 6-leaved,
amygdalaceous. Embryo with leafy cotyledons and an inferior shorter than the calyx. h.S. Native of the East Indies on
radicle.
the Circar mountains. Flowers white. Anthers aggregate on
root.
h. S.

BYTTNERIACEÆ. XXX. GLUTA. XXXI. MARANTHUS. XXXII. ERIOLÆNA. XXXIII. WALLICHIA, &c.
539
a
a
manent.
the
top of filaments, which are drawn out a long way beyond villous. Stigmas 10, aggregated into a head. Capsule 10-celled,
the tube of the stamens. Style length of tube.
10-valved ; cells 8-seeded, with a dissepiment in the middle of
Brotherly Kydia. Clt. 1823. Tree 40 feet.
each valve bearing the seeds. Structure of the involucel resem-
Cult. These trees grow freely in any rich soil, or in a mix- bling that of section Pterolæ'na of Pterospérmum.
ture of loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings not deprived 1 E. WALLI'CHII (D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 102. pl. 5.) leaves
of their leaves, planted in mould, and placed under a hand-glass stalked ; cordate, acuminate, toothed, pubescent above, villous
in heat, will root readily.
beneath ; pedicels villous, 1-flowered, 3-times as long as the
petioles ; involucre of 5-leaves. n. S. Native of the East
Indies. Branches round.
XXX. GLU'TA (from gluta, glue, in allusion to the petals
Flowers yellow.
Resembles a
being glued to the stipe-formed torus,) Lin. mant. 293. D. C.
species of Hibiscus in habit.
Wallich's Eriolæna. Clt. 1823. Tree 30 feet.
prod. 1. p. 501.
LIN. SYST.
Monadelphia, Polyándria. Calyx campanu-
2 E. CANDO'LLII (Wall. pl. asiat. rar. 1. p. 51. t. 64.) leaves
late, membranaceous, deciduous, naked. Petals 5, lanceolate,
ovate-cordate, acuminated, entire, hoary-tomentose beneath ;
longer than the calyx, glued to a long stipe-formed torus.
flowers terminal, panicled ; involucre of 3 oblong-linear leaves.
Stamens monadelphous, glued around the torus, exserted, and
h. S. Native of the East Indies on the mountains of Prome,
free at the apex. Anthers roundish, turning like a weather-cock.
on the banks of the Irawaddi. Stigmas 10. Capsule 10-celled,
Ovary obovate. Style 1. Fruit?-A tree, with broad, lanceo-
10-valved ; cells 8-seeded, with a dissepiment in the middle of
late, naked leaves, and panicles of white flowers, almost as
each valve, bearing the seeds. The species differs from E.
in Clématis flámmula.
Wallichii, in the leaves and inflorescence being covered with
1 G. BE'NGHAS (Lin. mant. 293.) ñ.S. Native of Java,
stellate, grey tomentum, whereas they are densely hairy in that
where it is called Benghas. Branches and buds pubescent. species. Petals yellow, emarginate. The involucre in the figure
Leaves obtuse, entire, even and smooth on both surfaces.
appears to be of many jagged leaves.
De Candolle's Eriolana, Tree 40 feet.
Benghas Gluta. Tree 30 feet?
Cult. Glùta will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and
Cult. These trees should be cultivated and treated in the
sand; and young cuttings, not stripped of their leaves, will root manner recommended for Kýdia.
freely in mould under a hand-glass, in heat.
XXXIII. WALLI'CHIA (in honour of Nathaniel Wallich,
XXXI. MARA'NTHUS (from papalvw, maraino, to fade, M. D. F. R. and L. S. superintendant of the East India Com-
and avoos, anthos, a flower ; the withered flowers are permanent.) pany's botanical garden at Calcutta.) D. C. mem. mus. 10. p.
Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 656.
104. prod. 1. p. 501.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-parted, per- LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Involucel 3-4-leaved,
Petals 5, hardly longer than the calyx. Stamens nu- distant from the flower, small. Calyx 4-parted, with oblong-
merous, rather connate at the base, all fertile, and marcescent. linear lobes. Flower-bud oblong. Petals 4, spreading, re-
Anthers 2-celled. Ovary didymous, villous, 2-celled. Style 1, flexed, with thick velvety claws. Stamens about 20, monadel-
lateral, permanent, crowned by a simple stigma. Drupe oval, phous into a conical tube, outer ones shortest. Ovary ovate,
villous, 2-celled; cells 1-seeded. Seeds fixed by their base. 8-celled. Style 1. Stigmas 8. Capsule 8-celled, 8-valved,
1 M. CORYMBO'SA (Blum. 1. c.) . S.
Native of Java. with 1-seeded cells.
A tree, with alternate, oblong, entire leaves, with 2 glands at 1 W. spectA'BILIS (D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 104. t. 6.) N.S.
the base instead of stipulas, and axillary and terminal corymbs Native of Nipaul. Jackia spectábilis, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 85.
of flowers.
Branches velvety. Leaves stalked, broad-ovate, somewhat cor-
Corymbose-flowered Maranthus. Tree 20 feet.
date, serrated, velvety beneath. Peduncles axillary and ter-
Cult. This tree will grow in a mixture of loam and peat, minal, longer than the leaves, many-flowered, constituting as if
and cuttings taken off at a joint will root readily if planted in a it were a leafy panicle. Flowers probably white, smaller than
pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass, in heat.
those of Málva sylvestris. This tree resembles a species of
Tilia in habit.
Tribe V.
Shewy Wallichia. Tree 36 to 40 feet.
Cult. This is a beautiful tree. A mixture of loam, peat,
WALLICHIEÆ (plant agreeing with Wallichia in important
and sand will suit it best, and young cuttings not deprived of
characters). D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 102. prod. 1. p. 501.
their leaves will root readily if planted in the same kind of soil
Calyx 5-lobed, surrounded by a 3 or 5-leaved involucel, which
under a hand-glass, in heat.
is rather distant from the flower. Petals 5, flat. Stamens in-
definite ; filaments in a long monadelphous tube, outer ones XXXIV. GOETHEA (in honour of the celebrated Baron
shortest. Anthers erect, bilocular. Fruit 5-10-valved, 5-10- Goethe of Weimar.) Nees and Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 91. .
celled; cells 1-8-seeded.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 501.
LIN. SYST.
Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx campanulate,
XXXII. ERIOLÆNA (from eplov, erion, wool, and xlava, short, 5-cleft (f. 93. a.), surrounded by a large bladdery invo-
chlaina, a cloak; in allusion to the woolly involucel and calyx.) lucel (f. 93. b.). Petals 5, somewhat joined together at the
D. C. mem. mus. 10. p. 102. prod. 1. p. 501.
base (f. 93. c.), spirally twisted in the bud. Filaments numerous,
LIN. syst. Monadelphia, Polyándria. Calyx tomentose, 5. joined into a long column at the base (f. 93. e.). Anthers
parted, acuminate, surrounded by a 5-leaved involucel ; leaflets ovate, bilocular. Style elongated, cleft at the apex into 8-10
tomentose, jagged, the 3 inner ones largest, 2 outer ones smaller, stigmas (f. 93. g.). Carpels 5, coriaceous, 1-seeded.--Trées
all shorter than the calyx. Petals 5, unguiculate, shorter than and shrubs, with smoothish coriaceous leaves, and bearded pe-
the calyx. Stamens in many series around the column from top tioles. Stipulas narrow. Flowers shewy, nodding. Peduncles
to bottom, monadelphous, outer ones shortest, all fertile. Style axillary, 1-flowered. Involucel coloured, netted, bladdery.
.
,
3 z 2

540
BYTTNERIACEÆ. XXXIV. GOETHEA. TILIACEÆ.
d.
9
C
p. 354.
1 G.SEMPERFLORENS (Nees and
FIG. 93.
the fibres of the bark of Corchorus capulàris are twisted into
Mart. 1. c. p. 92. t. 7.) leaves ellip-
fishing-lines, and the roasted nuts of the lime tree are reported
tical, serrated at the
apex; flowers
to bear some resemblance to chocolate. The Sparmánnia and
usually terminal ; involucel 6-cleft
Entelèa are elegant, broad, maple-leaved, green-house shrubs.
(f. 93.6.) K.S. Native of Brazil in
The seeds retain their
woods nigh to the road to Felisbert,
power of vegetation for many years.
at the temple of Ferreira Campos.
Involucrum brown. Flowers pur-
Synopsis of the Genera.
plish, with a white disk.
Ever-flowering Goethea. Fl.
1 SPARMA'NNIA. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens numerous,
year. Tree 30 feet.
intermixed with sterile threads. Capsule echinated, 6-valved, 6-
2 G. CAULIFLÓRA (Nees and
celled ; cells 2-seeded.
Mart. 1. c. p. 93. t. 8.) leaves ob-
long, quite entire; flowers rising
f.
2 ENTELE'A. Sepals and petals 4-5. Stamens numerous,
laterally from the trunk; involucel
all fertile, not intermixed with sterile threads. Capsule sphe-
4-parted. h.s. Native of Bra-
rical, echinated, half 6-valved, 6-celled, many-seeded.
zil at the river called Ilheos, and
3 HELIOCA'RPUS. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 12-20.
in Maranham by river sides.
Style 1, bifid, with recurved segments. Capsule stipitate, some-
Leaves large. Flowers with a
scarlet involucel. We have seen this plant at Maranham in
what compressed, radiated lengthwise on all sides, 2-valved, 2-
Brazil, or another species, which grows to a large tree.
celled, 2-seeded.
Stem-flowered Goethea. Fl. Dec. Shrub 4 feet.
4 ANTICHO'rus. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 8. Style 1.
Cult. Goethea is a genus of beautiful trees. A mixture of Capsule awl-shaped, 4-valved, 4-celled ; cells many-seeded.
loam, sand, and peat, will suit them well, and young cuttings
5 CO'RCHORUS. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous.
with their leaves on will root in sand under a hand-glass, in
heat.
Style almost wanting. Stigmas 2-5. Capsule awl-shaped or
roundish, 2-5-valved, 2-5-celled ; valves with a dissepiment in
the middle of each. Seeds in 2 series.
ORDER XXXIV. TILIACEÆ (plants agreeing with Tilia 6 HONCKE'NYA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 8, with nu-
in important characters). Juss. gen. p. 290, exclusive of Genera,
p
merous capillary threads. Style crowned by a 6-toothed stigma?
Kunth, malv. p. 14. nov. gen. amer. 5.
D. C. prod. 1. Capsule echinated, 5-valved, 5-celled. Valves with a dissepi-
ment in the middle of each. Seeds numerous, arillate.
Calyx usually naked on the outside, of 4-5 sepals (f. 94. a.), 7 TRIUMFE’TTA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10-30,
rarely of 4-7 lobes, valvate in æstivation. Petals equal in number sometimes a little connected at the base. Style 1. Carpels 2-4,
to the sepals, and alternating with them (f. 94.b.), entire, usually closely joined together into a head, echinated by bristles, which
foveolate at the claw, rarely absent. Stamens hypogynous, free, are hooked at the apex. Seeds twin, or solitary in the cells.
usually indefinite in numbers (f. 94. d.), rarely definite. An- 8 PO'RPA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 26-30,
thers oval or roundish, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise by a double girded by a membranous ring. Style 1, crowned by a 3-tooth-
chink. Glands equal in number to the petals, and opposite ed stigma. Capsule hairy, 8-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
them, adhering to the stipe of the ovary. Ovary 1, constantly 9 GRE'WIA. Sepals 5. Petals 5, with a scale at the base of
composed (f. 94. g.) of 2-10 closely joined carpels, crowned by each on the inside. Stamens numerous, rising from the apex
of
an equal number of styles, which are joined together in 1, ter- the torus. Anthers roundish. Style 1, crowned by a 4-lobed
minated by as many, usually free, stigmas (f. 94.g.). Capsule stigma. Drupe 4-lobed, containing 2-4 nuts, which are 2-
many-celled (f. 94. f.); cells many-seeded (f. 94. f.). Albumen
celled and 2-seeded, rarely 1-seeded.
fleshy, rarely wanting. Embryo straight, with flat, leafy cotyle- 10 Mi'crocos. Sepals 5. Petals 5, destitute of scales on
dons. This order differs from Malvácea, Bombàceæ, Stercu- the inside. Stamens numerous, inserted on the top of the torus.
liàceæ, and Byttneridceæ, in the filaments being free; from Elæo- Anthers roundish. Style crowned by a bluntish stigma.
cúrpeæ in the petals being entire, not fringed, nor lobed, in the 11 VINCE'NTIA. Sepals and petals 5, the last bifid. Stamens
anthers being oval or roundish, not filiform and tetragonal, in numerous. Style crowned by a 4-lobed stigma. Capsule glo-
bursting lengthwise, not by an oblong pore at the apex of the bose, indehiscent, containing 4 4-celled nuts, or from abortion
cells, as in that order. The order is composed of herbs, shrubs, only 1-celled and 1-seeded.
,
and trees. Some of them are remarkable for their beauty, with 12 COLU'MBIA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous.
alternate, simple, bistipulate leaves, which are usually serrate or
Style 1
Torus pentagonal. Fruit globose, 4-celled, 4-
toothed, and axillary, solitary, racemose or panicled flowers. winged, but perhaps composed of 2 2-winged, 2-seeded carpels.
The Lime Tilia, from which the order derives its name, is a 13 Tilia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens numerous,
genus of fine trees, with fragrant flowers, the inner bark of free, or somewhat polyadelphous.
free, or somewhat polyadelphous. Ovary globose, villous, 1-
which is tough and separable, and supplies the material whence styled, 5-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Nut coriaceous, 1-celled, 1-2-
the Russia mats, used by gardeners and others, are prepared.
seeded from abortion.
Córchorus olitòrius is cultivated in Egypt as a garden vegetable; 14 BROWNLO'WIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with 5 linear
p. 503,
a
a
a
a

TILIACEÆ. I. SPARMANNIA. II. ENTELEA.
541
a
scales around the stigma. . Stamens numerous, inserted round the many sets, disposed in many series, outer series in 5 sets, inner
apex of a turbinate receptacle. Style crowned by a 3-lobed series indeterminately joined. Style simple.
Style simple. Capsule 2-celled,
stigma. Capsule of 1 to 5 2-valved, 1-2-seeded carpels. 2-valved, without a central column. Seeds numerous, awl-
15 DIPLOPHRA'CTUM. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 94. a. b.). Sta- shaped, disposed in 2 series in each cell.
mens numerous (f. 94. d.). Style 1, crowned by 5 aggregate 26 VATICA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, twisted in the bud.
stigmas (f. 94.g.). Capsule globose, indehiscent, 5-winged (f. 94. Anthers 15, sessile, ovate, 4-celled, 3 in front of each petal.
e.), 10-celled ; cells parted into 3-seeded divisions by a transverse Ovary 5-angled. Style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule
3-celled ? cells 1-seeded. A doubtful
dissepiment. Seeds arillate, fixed to the sides of the valves.
genus.
16 MICROSTE'MMA. Sepals 5-6. Petals 10-12. Stamens 30, 27 Espe'RA. Calyx 4-parted, spreading. Petals long, per-
rather connected at the base. Style 1, crowned by 5-6 aggre- manent. Stamens numerous, capillary. Style 1. Stigma 1.
gate stigmas. Capsule globose, 5-6-winged, 5-6-valved, with a Capsule oblong, 4-6-winged, 4-6-celled; cells 1-seeded. Seeds
dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds solitary, placed round, hairy.
at the top of the valves.
28 BE'RRYA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous,
17 MUNTI'NGIA. Calyx 5-7-parted. Petals 5-7. Stamens
rather connected at the base. Style crowned by a trigonal,
numerous. Ovary sessile, globose, girded by hairs at the base, capitate stigma. Capsule roundish, 3-celled, 3-valved, 6-wing-
crowned by a capitate-rayed stigma. Berry 5-celled, many-
ed, with 2 horizontal wings on the back of each valve, with a
seeded. Seeds small, imbedded in pulp.
dissepiment in the middle of each on the inside. Seeds large,
18 Apei'ba. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, unquiculate, ovately-globose, covered with stiff hairs, 2 in each cell.
smaller than the calyx. Stamens numerous, short. Anthers
29 EUTHE'MIS. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 5. Anthers
long, ending in 2 leafy lobes. Style 1, dilated at the apex into oblong, acuminated, bursting at the apex by 2 pores. Style
a funnel-shaped stigma. Capsule spherical, depressed, scabrous
,
filiform, crowded by a simple stigma. Berry 5-seeded; seeds
from soft bristles, or rigid tubercles, 8-24-celled. Seeds minute, disposed round the central axis, covered with a fibrous aril.
This
numerous, fixed to the central fleshy receptacle.
differs from the rest of Tiliàceæ in the dehiscence
genus
19 SLOA'NEA. Calyx 4-7-lobed. Petals wanting. Stamens
of the anthers.
numerous ; filaments almost wanting ; anthers very long, crowned
30 XEROPE'TALUM. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, emarginate.
by a small acumen. Ovary 1.
Ovary 1. Style 1, filiform. Capsule Stamens about 20, 5 of which are sterile. Capsule 3-celled, 3-
valyed.
ligneous, roundish, echinated with crowded prickles, 4-5-valved,
4-5-celled ; cells 1-3-seeded. Seeds covered with fleshy aril.
I. SPARMA'NNIA (in honour of Andrew Sparmann, M.D.
20 ESENBE’CKIA. Calyx saucer-shaped, girded by a 3-parted,
a Swedish botanist, who went round the world with Captain Cook
deciduous involucel. Petals 5. Stamens numerous; anthers in his second voyage in 1772 to 1775.). Thunb. nov. gen. 88.
twin. Style 1, crowned by a capitate, 5-angled stigma. Cap. Lin. fil. suppl. 41. D. C. prod. 1. p. 503.
p
sule woody, 5-angled, 5-valved, 5-celled; valves with a dissepi-
LIN. Syst. Polyúndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals
4, roundish. Stamens numerous, intermixed with numerous
ment in the middle of each. Seeds 3-6 in each cell, adhering to
threads, which are tomentose and rather adhering at the base.
the dissepiment.
Capsules echinated, 5-angled, 6-celled, 6-valved; cells 2-seeded.
21 ABLA'NIA. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals wanting. Stamens -A shrub, with large leaves, resembling those of Kitaìbelia
numerous ; anthers roundish. Ovary ovate. Styles 2, bifid. vitifolia.
Capsule 4-valved, 1-seeded, hispid from rigid bristles. Seeds
i s. AFRICA'NA (Lin. fil. suppl. 265.) h. G. Native of the
numerous, arillate, fixed to a free central placenta.
Cape of Good Hope on the sides of mountains. Vent. malm. t.
78. Sims, bot. mag. t. 726. or 516. Leaves angular, hairy, as
22 GYROSTE'MON. Flowers dioecious. Calyx 6-7-lobed.
well as the younger branches. Flowers white with the sterile
Stamens numerous, disposed in a concentric circle ; anther seated threads yellow, mixed with brown.
on a naked receptacle, without filaments, 2 or somewhat 4- African Sparmannia. Fl. Mar. Jul. Clt. 1790. Tr. 20 ft.
celled. Capsule of numerous 2-valved, 1-seeded carpels, dis-
Cult. A beautiful shrub, flowering early in spring. It thrives
posed in a whorl around the central axis. Perhaps belonging to
best in a mixture of loam and peat; and cuttings root freely in
sand under a hand-glass.
Euphorbiàceæ.
23 CHRISTIA'NA. Calyx 3-lobed. Petals 5. Stamens in- II. ENTELEA (from evteins, enteles, perfect; alluding
definite. Capsule of 5, 1-seeded carpels, which are connected
to the stamens being all fertile). R. Br. in bot. mag. t. 2480.
at the base. This genus is hardly known.
Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4-5-sepals.
LINSYST.
Petals 4-5. Stamens indefinite, all fertile, without any sterile
24 LUHE'A. Calyx 5-parted, girded by a 6-9-12-parted in-
threads. Capsule spherical, echinated, 6-celled, half-6-valved,
volucel. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, somewhat connected at many-seeded. -A tree, with cordate, angular, double-crenated,
the base in 5 bundles, with 5 pencilled or fringed scales opposite 5-nerved leaves, furnished with small permanent stipulas.
each bundle. Style thick, crowned by a 5-lobed stigma. Capsule Flowers white, in simple, lateral, or terminal stalked umbels
.
5-angled, 5-celled, 5-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of
Involucel many-leaved, short. Pedicels bractless. Anthers
each valve. Seeds winged at the apex, disposed in 2 rows on the purplish or yellow. The genus differs from Sparmánnia in the
margin of the dissepiment.
stamens being all fertile, and in the capsule being undivided to
the base, not as in that genus opening into 6 distinct valves, as
25 Mo'LLIA. Sepals and petals 5.
Sepals and petals 5. Stamens collected into well as in the cells being many-seeded.
-
a
-

542
TILIACEÆ. III. HELIOCARPUS. IV. ANTICHORUS. V. CORCHORUS.
green flowers.
1 ARBORE'SCENS (R. Br. in bot. mag. t. 2480.) h. G. Native parted, bearing 2-3 or many flowers. Corolla small, yellow,
of New Zealand near Tigado, Tolagi, and Oporagi. The wood convolute in æstivation. Corchórus Japonicus now forms a
is very soft and very light, and from this property it is used by separate genus among the Rosàceæ under the name of Kérria.
the inhabitants to float their fishing nets with.
Arborescent Entelea. Fl. May. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. Sect. I. CORE'TA (from kopew, koreo, to purge ; qualities of
Cult. This is an elegant shrub, well adapted for a green- plants). P. Browne and Kunth, D. C. prod. 1. p. 504. Cap-
p
house conservatory. It will thrive in a mixture of loam and sules silique-formed, 2-valved, 2-celled, but not ending in
peat, and large cuttings, not too much ripened, will root in sand
horns at the apex.
under a hand-glass.
1 C. SILIQUÒSUS (Lin. spec. 746.) capsules linear, compressed,
2-valved, smooth; leaves lanceolate, equally serrated ; stem
III. HELIOCA'RPUS (from los, helios, the sun, and kap-
кар- smoothish, much branched; peduncles usually 2-flowered. ħ.S.
TOS, karpos, a fruit; the valves of the capsule are elegantly Native of South America, Jacq. vind. 3. p. 34. t. 59.–Plum.
. -
ciliated around on all sides, which gives them the appearance of ed. Burm. t. 103. f. 1. The flowers, according to Linneus, are
a little sun.) Lin. gen. no. 606. D. C. prod. 1. p. 503.
p
of 4 sepals and 4 stamens, and without petals in the spring, but
LIN. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals. in the autumn they bear 5 sepals and 5 petals and numerous
Petals 4. Stamens 12 to 20. Style 1, bifid, with the segments stamens. C. lineáris, Mill. dict. no. 5. C. secundiflorus,
recurved. Capsules stipitate, somewhat compressed, rayed Moc. et Sess. fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers pale-yellow. This
lengthwise on all sides, 2-celled, 2-seeded.—Trees, with cordate, plant is used for besoms by the negroes in the West Indian
serrate, 3-lobed, simple leaves, and cymes of small, yellowish- colonies. Leaves sometimes truly ovate.
Silique-capsuled Corchorus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1732.
1 H. AMERICA'NUS (Lin. spec. 643.) leaves smooth ; branches Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
and cymes smooth. h.s. Native of Vera Cruz. Móntia, Houst. 2 C. FOLIÒsus (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 583.) leaves small, crowded,
Heliocarpus, Lin. hort. cliff. 211. t. 16. Trew. ehr. t. 45. ovate-oblong, crenulated, smooth; peduncles 1-flowered ; cap-
Leaves cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, serrated. Flowers of a yel- sule terete, rough, 2-valved; stem shrubby. ħ. S. Native
lowish-green colour.
of Cuba. C. siliquòsus, Poppig.
American Sun-fruit. Fl. July. Clt. 1733. Tree 14 to 20 ft. Leafy Corchorus. Fl. June,
July. Shrub 1 foot.
2 H. POPAYANE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 3 Č. HIRTUS (Lin. spec. 747.) capsules linear, compressed,
341.) nerves and veins of leaves hairy beneath ; branches and 2-valved, and are as well as the stem hairy ; leaves oblong,
cymes clothed with flocky down. n. S. Native of New Gra- equally serrated. O. S. Native of South America. Jacq.
nada on the mountains near Popaya. Flowers of a yellowish vind. 3. t. 58.–Plum. ed. Burm. t. 103. f. 2. Flowers yellow.
green-colour. Perhaps only a variety of H. Americànus.
Hairy Corchorus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
.
Popaya Sun-fruit.
Sun-fruit. Tree 14 feet.
4 C. ALA'Tus; plant pilose, branched ; leaves ovate, acute,
4
Cult. The species of Heliocarpus thrive best in a mixture of serrated, lower serratures setaceous; stipulas setaceous; pe-
loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings will root if planted dicels 2-3 together, short, axillary; capsule long, flat, winged.
in sand under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
O.S. Native of Guinea. Flowers small, yellow.
Winged-capsuled Corchorus. Pl. foot.
IV. ANTICHO'RUS (from avti, anti, a Greek preposition, 5 C. PILO'LOBOS (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 72.) capsules
which often signifies in composition resemblance to the word that linear, compressed, somewhat falcate, hairy, younger ones acu-
follows, and chorus, abridged from Corchorus, in allusion to the minated with the style ; leaves oblong, somewhat cordate, acutely
resemblance in plants). Lin. fil. fasc. p. 3. t. 2. D. C. prod. 1.
Lin. fil. fasc. p. 3. t. 2. D. C. prod. 1. crenated, smoothish ; stem hairy above. 4. S. Native of?
C. lasiólobus, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 583. Flowers yellow. This
LIN. SYST.
Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals. plant is often confused with c. hirtus in the gardens. !
Petals 4. Stamens 8. Style 1. Capsule awl-shaped, 4-valved, Cap-podded Corchorus. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
4-celled; cells many-seeded. Resembles Corchorus.
6 C. ÖRINOCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 337.)
1 A. DEPRE'ssus (Lin. mant. 64.). O. H. Native of Arabia. capsules siliquose, rather terete, 2-celled, hairy; leaves lan-
Jussiæ'a édulis, Forsk. descr. 210. Caráctera, Scop. Cór- ceolate-oblong, upper ones linear-lanceolate, acute, crenated,
chorus antichòrus, Rausch. A small, prostrate plant with smooth or a little ciliated; stem almost simple, erect. 0. S.
coarsely toothed, oval leaves, and small, axillary, twin, yellow Native on the banks of the river Orinoco, near Angustura.
flowers, and reflexed fruit. The whole plant is boiled as a Flowers yellow.
pot-herb.
Orinoco Corchorus. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Depressed Antichorus. Pl. trailing.
7 C. VILLOSISSIMUS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 280.) stem densely
Cult. This is a trifling annual, the seeds of which will require pilose at the apex ; leaves ovate, usually acute, crenate-toothed,
to be sown in the beginning of May in a sheltered situation, villous, younger ones densely silky-villous; pedicels opposite
where it will grow and ripen its seed freely.
the leaves, twin; capsule compressed, hairy. ñ.S. Native
of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow.
V. CO’RCHORUS (kopxopos, in Greek a pot-herb, which Very villous Corchorus. Fl. Aug. Shrub 1 foot.
.
comes from kopew, koreo, to purge, and coon, kore, the pupil ;
kopn; 8 C. ARGU'TUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 337.
p
laxative qualities of C. olitòrius). Lin. gen. no. 675. D. C. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 282.) stem lined with villi ; leaves linear-
prod. 1. p. 504.
lanceolate, sharply serrated, smooth, scabrous above; pedicels
Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5, deciduous twin, rising from the side of the axils; capsule tetragonal,
sepals. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Style tubular, almost compressed, puberulous, erect. h. S. Native of Brazil,
wanting. Stigmas 2-5. Capsules awl-shaped and round, 2-5- in the province of Minas Geraes and of New Granada. Flowers
valved, 2-5-celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each yellow.
valve. Seeds disposed in 2 rows. Small shrubs or herbs with Var. B, austràlis (St. Hil. 283.) stem more slender, leaves
simple, serrated leaves covered with simple or stellate hairs. more oblong, less acute, less erect, with the nerves hardly white.
Peduncles opposite the leaves, or axillary, 1-flowered, or 2-3- In the province of the Missions.
p. 504.
.

TILIACEÆ. V. CORCHORUS.
543
Sharp-toothed-leaved Corchorus. Fl. Aug. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. Scorching Corchorus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. Pl. 1 ft.
9 C. PILÒSUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 338. t. 17 C. PRISMATOCA'RPUS (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 282.) stem
487.) capsules siliquose, 2-celled ; peduncles opposite, the leaves lined with villi ; upper leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrate-toothed,
simple, hairy; leaves ovate, acute, or ovate-lanceolate, acute, rather pubescent ; pedicels twin, opposite the leaves ; capsule
serrate-toothed, puberulous, and beset on both surfaces as well prismatic, 4-5-angled, hairy, erect, 2-3-valved. h.s. Native
,
as the branches with long, soft hairs; stem hispid. O.S. Na- of Brazil in the province of the Missions. Flowers yellow.
tive of New Granada near Ibague, and of Brazil in the province Prismatic-fruited Corchorus. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 to 1 foot.
of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow. Capsule pilose.
18 C. SERRÆFÒLIUS (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1962. voy. 1. p.
Pilose Corchorus. Shrub to 1 foot.
537.) capsules linear, terete, scabrous, usually twisted, 6-valved
10 C. HUMILIS (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 280.) stem soft, hispid; peduncles lateral, trifid, 3-flowered ; leaves linear, coarsely
leaves oblong, ovate, deeply crenate-toothed, pubescent; pedi- serrated. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope in a
.
cels opposite, the leaves twin, 2-parted, 2-flowered; capsule plain near Gattskamma beyond the river Gariep. Stems pro-
compressed, hispid, spreading. O. H. Native of Brazil in
cumbent, elongated, villous. Flower-bud acute. Petals yellow.
the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers yellow.
Saw-leaved Corchorus. Pl. procumbent.
Humble Corchorus. Fl. Aug.
Fl. Aug. Pl. I to 1 foot.
19 C. LANCEOLA'TUS ; plant erect, twiggy, simple, smooth;
11 C. TO'RTIPES (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 281. t. 55.) stem leaves lanceolate, equally serrated, lower serratures setaceous;
rather scabrous, with lines of villi ; leaves ovate, acute, un- petioles hairy; stipulas setaceous; pedicels axillary, solitary,
equally serrated, pilose; pedicels twin, rising from the sides of 1-flowered ; capsule long, 3-5-celled? ħ? O ? S. Native of
the axils of the leaves, twisted; capsule compressed, erect, with Guinea. Flowers small, yellow.
a few hairs. n. S. Native of Brazil about Rio Janeiro.
h
Lanceolate-leaved Corchorus. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Flowers yellow on a furcate peduncle.
20 C. ASPLENIFÒLIUS (Burch. cat. geogr. no. 1737. voy. 1.
Twisted-pedicelled Corchorus. Fl. Aug. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. p. 400.) capsules ? peduncles opposite the leaves, trifid, 3-
12 C. MompoXE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. flowered; leaves elongated, ovate, simply crenate-serrated ;
p. 338.) capsules siliquose, straight, 2-edged, 2-celled, hairy: flower-bud somewhat globose. 4. G. Native of the Cape of
leaves oblong-lanceolate, each ending in a narrow acumen, ser- Good Hope on the banks of the river Gariep. This is probably
rated, smoothish ; branches smooth, with a pubescent line. ħ.S. only a variety of C. serræfòlius.
Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena, Spleen-wort-leaved Corchorus. Pl. procumbent.
near Mompox. Flowers yellow.
Mompox Corchorus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
Sect. III. CERATOCORE'TA (from Kepas, keras, a horn, and
Coreta, the name of the first section ; in allusion to the carpels
Sect. II. CORETOÌDES (alluding to the resemblance which the ending in horns). D. C. prod. 1. p. 505. Capsules elongated,
plants of this section have with those of the preceding Corèta). angular, ending at the apex in 3 and 5 diverging horns.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 504. Capsules silique-formed, 3-6-valved, 21 C. TRI'DENS (Lin, mant. 566. exclusive of the synonym of
3-6-celled, but not ending in horns at the apex as in the follow- Burm.) capsules slender, 2-3-valved, 2-3-angled, 2-3-horned ;
ing section.
leaves oblong, serrated, lower serratures setaceous.
h. S.
13 C. TRILOCULA'ris (Lin. mant. 77.) capsules awl-shaped, Native of the East Indies and Guinea. C. Senegalensis, Juss.
trigonal, 3-valved, scabrous; leaves ovate-oblong, serrated, These are varieties with narrow and broad leaves.-Pluk. phyt.
with the lower serratures usually setaceous. O.S. Native of t. 127. f. 4.-Burm. ind. 123. t. 37. f.2. Flowers yellow.
Arabia. C. æe'stuans, Forsk. descr. 101. Petals pale-yellow. Trident-capsuled Corchorus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824.
The whole plant is eaten as a pot-herb.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Three-celled-capsuled Corchorus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1790. 22 C. FASCICULA'RIS (Lam. dict. 2. p. 104.) leaves oblong-
Pl. 1 foot.
lanceolate, unequally-serrated, smooth, mutic at the base; cap-
14 C. OLITÒRIUS (Lin. spec. 746.) capsules oblong-cylindrical, sule almost sessile, aggregate, woolly, ovate-oblong, 3-valved,
obtuse-angled, smooth, 5-celled ; leaves ovate-oblong, serrated, 6-celled, and 3-horned at the apex. Native of the East Indies.
with the lower serratures long and setaceous; peduncles nearly -Pluk. amalth. t. 439. f. 6. Flowers yellow.
sessile, solitary. O.S. Native of Asia, Africa, and America Fascicled-capsuled Corchorus. Shrub 2 feet.
between the tropics in gardens and among rubbish. Lam. ill. 23 C. ACUTA'NGULUS (Lam. dict. 2. p. 104.) capsules oblong,
t. 478. f. 1.-Com. hort. 47. t. 12.-Mor. hist. 2. p. 283. f. 3. acutely angled, ending in 3-5 entire or bifid horns ; leaves ovate,
t. 15. f. 4. Flowers yellow. Rauwolf says this plant is sown rather hispid, serrated, with one bristle on each side at the base.
in great plenty about Aleppo as a pot-herb, the Jews boiling the O.S. Native of St. Domingo and the East Indies.—Pluk.
leaves to eat with their meat, whence in French it is called phyt. t. 44. f. 1. C. tetragonus, Mill. dict. no. 4.? Per-
mauve-de-juif.
haps two species are confused under this name.
Pot-herb Corchorus. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1640. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. Acute-angled-capsuled Corchorus. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1816.
15 C. LONGICA'RPUS ; suffruticose, erect, branched ; leaves
3
Shrub 2 feet.
ovate-lanceolate, acute, serrated ; lower serratures bristly ; 24 C. PA'TENS (Lehm. in nov. act. bon. 12. p. 805.) leaves
petioles pilose; peduncles short, 1-flowered; stipulas seta- lanceolate, smooth, serrated, lower serratures setaceous; capsule
ceous; capsule long, acuminated, smooth, nearly sessile ; 5- linear, 3-valved, 6-furrowed, smooth, tricuspidate, spreading :
celled.
h.s.
ñ.S. Native of Guinea. Flowers small, yellow. peduncles 1-3-flowered. O. H. Native of Egypt.
Long-fruited Corchorus. Pl. 1 foot.
Spreading-capsuled Corchorus. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
16 C. Æ'STUANS (Lin. spec. 746.) capsules oblong, 3-valved, 25. C. GUADALOUPE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 584.) leaves
6-furrowed ; leaves somewhat cordate, ovate, acuminated, ser- ovate-serrated, mutic at the base; capsule linear, terete, obtuse-
rated, with the lower serratures long, and setaceous.
O. S. angled, 4-valved, 4-horned at the apex. 0. S.
Native of
Native of South America. Jacq. vind. t. 85.—Pluk. phyt. t. Guadaloupe. Flowers yellow.
127. f. 3.--Brown. jam. 232. t. 25. f, 1. under Triumfétta. Guadaloupe Corchorus. Pl. 1 foot.
-
-
12

544
TILIACEÆ. V. CORCHORUS. VI. HONCKENYA. VII. TRIUMFETTA.
-
a
Sect. IV. GA'NJA (the name of the plant in Amboyna). pressed, forked at the apex; leaves cordate, serrated. O. S.
Rumph. amb. 5. t. 78. f. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 505. Capsules Native of Jamaica. Flowers pale-yellow. Capsules 2-celled.
somewhat globose, depressed, wrinkled, muricated.
Two-forked-capsuled Corchorus. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
26 C. CAPSULA'RIS (Lin. spec. 746.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, 36 Č. FURCA'TUS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.). O.S. Native
acuminated, serrated, with the lower serratures setaceous. O.S. of the East Indies. Flowers yellow.
Native of the East Indies. Gært. fr. t. 129. Jacq. ecl. 2. Forked-capsuled Corchorus. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
t. 120.- Pluk. alm. t. 255. f. 4. Flowers yellow, in clusters, 37 C. DECEMANGULA'RIS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) capsules
opposite the leaves.
10-angled. O.S. Native of the East Indies in Bengal.
-
Capsular-podded Corchorus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1731. Ten-angled-capsuled Corchorus. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Pl. 1 to 4 feet.
38 C. QUADRANGULA'RIS; erect, smooth, branched ; leaves
lanceolate, acute, serrated, with the lower serratures setaceous;
stipulas setaceous ; flowers nearly sessile ; capsule long, qua-
SECT. V. GUAZUMOIDES (from Guazuma and idea, form ;
drangular. O? h? H. Native of Sierra Leone.
plants agreeing with Guazuma, in having prickly capsules). D. C.
Quadrangular-capsuled Corchorus. Pl. 1 foot.
prod. 1. p. 505. Capsules ovate, somewhat velvety, and echi-
Cult. This is a genus of trifling plants with small yellow
nated with soft prickles. Flowers yellow.
flowers; therefore they are not worth cultivating, except in
27 C. hirsu'tus (Lin. spec. 747.) capsules ovate, woolly; botanic Gardens. They will thrive best in a light sandy soil, and
HIRSUTUS . ,
leaves ovate, obtuse, tomentose, equally serrate-crenated or
cuttings of the shrubby kinds will readily root in sand, under a
entire. ħ. S. Native of South America.-Plum. ed. Burm.
hand-glass, in a moderate heat. The annual species require to
t. 104.-Jacq. amer. pict. 81. t. 157. C. frutéscens, Lam.
be sown on a hot-bed in spring, and when the plants are of
dict. 2. p. 105. Peduncles umbellate, many-flowered.
sufficient size they should be potted off into separate pots, and
Var. B, oblongifolius; leaves oblong. n. S. Native of
then placed in the greenhouse or stove, or they may be planted
Jamaica, &c. C. hirsutus, Jacq. hort. vind. t. 57. f. 2.
out in the open border in a warm sheltered situation about the
Hairy Corchorus. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1752. Shrub 4
middle of May, where they will probably ripen seed.
to 5 feet.
28 C. ARENA'RIUS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
339.) capsules oblong, 3-sided, 3-celled ; leaves small, in fasci-
VI. HONCKE'NYA (in honour of G. A. Honckeney, a cele-
brated German cultivator of plants.) Willd. in Ust. del. op. p.
cles, oblong, blunt at both ends, undulately-crenated, rather
complicated, coriaceous, tomentose; branches clothed with
201. t. 4. D. C. prod. 1. p. 506.
LIN. SYST.
flocky down. ħ. S. Native of New Andalusia in sandy places. riaceous, hairy on the outside, coloured on the inside. Petals 5,
Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, co-
Sand Corchorus. Shrub 8 to 12 feet.
29 C. TOMENTÒSUS (Thunb. f. jap. 228.) capsules oblong, oblong. Stamens 8, with oblong anthers, intermixed with nu-
merous capillary threads.
woolly ; leaves ovate, obtuse, tomentose, equally serrated. h. G.
Ovary oblong. Style 1. Stigma
Native on the mountains of Japan. Flowers orange-coloured,
6-toothed. Capsules echinated with prickles, 5-celled, 5-valved,
with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds numer-
usually solitary
Tomentose Corchorus. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
ous, arillate. This shrub is allied on the one side to Spar-
mánnia, and on the other to Apeìba.
1 H. FICIFÒLIA (Willd. 1. c.) . S. Native of Guinea.
+ Species not sufficiently known.
Leaves clothed on the under surface with brownish tomentum,
upper ones spatulate-oblong, toothed, lower ones obtusely 3-5-
30 C.? SCA'NDENS (Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 335.) leaves lobed. Flowers terminal in threes, of a bluish-violet colour.
opposite, ovate, with setaceous serratures; stem and branches Fig-leaved Honckenya. Shrub or Tree.
flexuous-scandent; flowers terminal, solitary. h. v. G. Native Cult. This plant will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat;
of Japan. Flowers yellow.
and young cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
Climbing Corchorus. Shrub climbing.
31 C. SERRATUS (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves oblong, serrated ; ser- VII. TRIUMFETTA (in honour of John Baptist Trium-
ratures pointed ; branches smooth. Đ? G. Native of Japan.
ħ? G. Native of Japan. fetti, an Italian botanist, author of observations on the vegeta-
Branches purple. Flowers yellow, terminal.
tion of plants; died 1707. It must also distinguish Lælius
Serrate-leaved Corchorus. Shrub 2 feet.
Triumfetti his brother, once professor of botany at Rome.)
32 C. FLEXUÒSUS (Thunb. 1. c.) leaves doubly serrated, acu- Lin. .
gen, no. 600. D. C. prod. 1. p. 506.
minated, obliquely cordate, villous; stem flexuous. ? S.
h
Lin. syst. Deca-Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-sepalled,
Native of Japan. Flowers yellow.
blunt, or usually with a point just under the apex. Petals 5,
Flexuous-stemmed Corchorus. Shrub 2 feet.
with the claws ciliated, rarely wanting. Stamens 10-30, free,
33 C.? JAVA'NICUS (Burm. ind. 123. t. 36. f. 3.) capsules girded by a narrow urceolus at the base. Glands 5 on the
roundish, hispid ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, equally serrated ; receptacle, opposite the petals. Ovary roundish. Style 1, 2-
calyxes awned. ñ ? S. Native of Java. Perhaps this plant 5-toothed at the apex: Carpels 2-5, more or less closely joined
is nearer Melòchia.
into a single fruit, which is beset with hooked prickles. Seeds 1
Java Corchorus. Shrub ?
or 2 in each cell or carpel, hairy. Embryo straight. Shrubs,
34 C. BURMA'NNI (D. C. prod. 1. p. 505.) capsules awl. rarely herbs, with simple or 3-lobed leaves, for the most part
shaped, trigonal, 3-celled, 3-valved ; leaves linear-oblong, ser- 3-nerved at the base. Peduncles solitary, axillary, 2-3-flowered,
rated, with the lower serratures setaceous. h.s. Native of but usually crowded, frequently joined at the base, commonly
the East Indies. C. trilocularis, Burm. ind. p. 123. t. 37. f. 2. opposite the leaves, or disposed in clustered interrupted racemes
This plant is probably referable to C. trilocularis or to C. trédens, on the tops of the branches.
of the branches. Corolla yellow. Pili stellate.
but according to the figure it is distinct from both.
Burmann's Corchorus. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Sect. I. LA'PPULA (a dim. of Lappa, burdock, resemblance
35 C, BIFURCATUS (Mill. dict. no. 6.) capsules linear, com- in bristly capsules.) D. C. prod. 1. p. 506.–Triumfétta, Gært.

TILIACEÆ. VII. TRIUMFETTA.
545
.
fruct. 111. Flowers apetalous.
Flowers apetalous. Carpels closely joined into an vered with hooked bristles, without any pubescence. O. S.
ụndivisible capsule, with a solitary seed in each ceil.
Native of Java. Flowers yellow.
1 T. LA'PPULA (Lin. spec. 637.) leaves roundish, unequally Strong-scented Triumfetta. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
toothed, somewhat villous, 5-nerved, 3-lobed ; lobes acuminate. 10 T. CA'NA (Blum, bijdr. 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong, or
h. S. Native of the West Indies, Brazil, and the Bermudas. ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, cordate and unequally serrated
T. Plumièri, Gært, fruct. 2. p. 137.–Plum. ed. Burm. t. 255. at the base, beset with stellate pili above, but with stellate tomen-
Small-bur Triumfetta. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. Shrub tum beneath ; peduncles 4-6 together, extra-axillary, usually 3-
3 to 6 feet.
flowered; calyx tomentose, apiculated; fruit covered with hook-
2 T. HETEROPHY'LLA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 420.) leaves undivided ed stiff hairs. O.S. Native of Java. Flowers yellow.
at the base, lower ones deeply lobed, upper ones oblong, repand. Hoary Triumfetta. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
h.s. Native of St. Domingo.—Pluk. amalth. t. 425. f. 3. 11 T. GLANDULÒSA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 421.) leaves roundish or
Variable-leaved Triumfetta. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. broad-ovate, undivided, clothed with velvety tomentum beneath,
Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
toothed, lower teeth glandular beneath ; flowers axillary, upper
3 T. PILO'SA (Roth. nov. spec. p. 223.) leaves ovate, acumi- ones disposed as if they were in a spike; calyxes pubescent,
nated, entire, unequally serrate, hairy, clothed, with silky to- acuminated ; fruit downy and echinated. h.s. Native of the
mentum beneath, hardly emarginate at the base; prickles of cap- Mauritius. Bartràmia, Lam. ill. t. 400. f. 1. Flowers yellow.
sule ciliated. h. S. Native of the East Indies. Resembles Glandular-leaved Triumfetta. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816.
T. Láppula very much. Flowers yellow.
.
.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Pilose Triumfetta. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 12 T. VA'HLII (Poir. suppl. 3. p. 300.) leaves ovate-lanceo-
4 feet.
late, serrated, villous on both surfaces from stellate down, hoary
beneath, lower teeth of the upper leaves glandular ; stipulas awl-
SECT. II. BARTRA'MIA (in honour of John Bartram, an An- shaped. h. G. Native of Arabia Felix. T. glandulòsa,
glo-American botanist,) D. C. prod. 1. p. 506. Bartràmia, Forsk. cat. arab. 297. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 62. Flowers yellow.
Gært. fruct. t. 111. but not of Hedw. Flowers of 5 petals.
Vahl's Triumfetta. Shrub 3 feet.
Carpels 3-4, not closely connected, and therefore when ripe se- 13 T. OVA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 507.) leaves ovate, un-
parating into 3-4 parts. Seeds usually 2 in each cell or carpel. divided, unequally toothed, smoothish above, hoary beneath,
4 T. RUBRICAU’LIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. glandless, 7-nerved; flowers disposed in interrupted spikes.
342.) leaves oblong, acuminated, pubescent, serrated, with the h ? S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Flowers yellow.
lower serratures glandular ; branches puberulous; peduncles
Ovate-leaved Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
axillary, 2-3-flowered. h. S. Native of South America in 14 T. TRICHO'CLADA (Link. enum. hort. berl. 2. p. 5.) leaves
dry shady places at Caraccas. Branches dark-purple. Stamens ovate, acuminated, 7-nerved, serrated, woolly beneath ; branches
24. Fruit spherical, hairy, 6-celled, indehiscent. Petals 5, with a hairy line; flowers crowded ; calyxes of 4 sepals, hairy at
;
yellow. Probably this plant may form a distinct section. the apex; fruit echinated. O. G. Native of Nipaul. Stem
;
Red-stemmed Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
branched. Bracteas and stipulas hairy. Flowers yellow.
5 T. BOGOTE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 506.) leaves ovate-ob- Hairy-branched Triumfetta. Fl. Aug. Sep. cit. 1823. Pl.
long, acuminated, sharply and doubly toothed, and are as well 2 to 3 feet.
as the branches pilose; peduncles 2-3, axillary, at apex 3-
15 T. OBLO'NGA (Wall, mss. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 227.)
flowered. h. s. Native of Santa-Fe-de-Bogota. Stamens leaves ovate-lanceolate, unequally serrated, woolly beneath.
10. Fruit globose, 3-celled, echinated. F. pilosa, H. B. et O. G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers yellow.
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 342. but not of Roth.
Oblong-leaved Triumfetta. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Bogota Triumfetta. Shrub 3 feet?
16 T. OBLONGATA (Link. enum, hort. berl. 2. p. 5.) leaves
6 T. ROTUNDIFÒLIA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 421.) leaves roundish, oblong, serrated, 5-nerved, covered with soft hairs; stem
unequally crenated, covered with white tomentum beneath ; branched, villous towards the top; flowers terminal, crowded.
flowers somewhat spiked ; fruit hairy and echinated. O. S. 0. G. Native of Nipaul. Hairs brown, and bulbous at the
Native of the East Indies. Leaves 4-5 lines in diameter. base. Stipulas and bracteas linear, villous, Calyx hairy.
Flowers yellow.
Flowers yellow.
Round-leaved Triumfetta. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. 2 ft. Oblongate-leaved Triumfetta. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1823. Pl.
7 T. SUBORBICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 506.) leaves some- 2 to 3 feet.
what orbicular, entire, erosely-crenate, almost naked above, but 17 T. NIPAULE'NSIS ; leaves ovate, acuminated, 3-lobed and
covered with white down beneath ; racemes terminal, loose ; serrated, villous on both surfaces. O. G. Native of Nipaul.
fruit covered with hooked bristles.
Native of the East T. ánnua, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 227. Flowers yellow.
Indies. T. rotundifolia, Roth. nov. spec. 222. but not of Lam. Nipaul Triumfetta. Pl. 1 to 3 feet.
Stem erect. Flowers yellow.
18 T. A'NNUA (Lin. mant. 73.) leaves ovate, acuminated,
Suborbicular-leaved Triumfetta. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. toothed, undivided, smooth above, rather hairy on the nerves be-
Shrub 2 feet.
neath; stipulas and peduncles smooth; calyxes acuminated. O.
8 T. SUFFRUTICÒSA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. S. Native of Java. Mill. fig. t. 298. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2296.
637.) stem suffruticose; leaves ovate, cordate, acuminated, T. I'ndica, Lam. dict. 3. p. 420? Leaves sometimes somewhat
coarsely and unequally serrated, stellately-pilose beneath,
lobed. Peduncles axillary, 3-flowered. Flowers yellow. Fruit
younger and lower leaves half trifid; peduncles usually 7, extra- clothed with hooked prickles.
axillary, umbellately 3-4-flowered at the apex; calyx apiculate ; Annual Triumfetta. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1760. Pl. 2 feet.
fruit pilose, and covered with long hooked bristles.
19 T. SPICA'TA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 656.)
p
Native of Java. Flowers yellow.
leaves roundish, 3-lobed, somewhat cordate at the base, un-
Suffruticose Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
equally serrated, pubescent above, but villous beneath ; flowers
9 T. GRAVE'OLENS (Blum. bijdr. 1. c.) leaves ovate, cordate, disposed in interrupted spikes. h.S. Native of Java.
acuminated, serrated, pilose on both surfaces ; peduncles usually Spiked-flowered Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
tern, extra-axillary, 3-flowered ; calyx apiculated; fruit co- 20 T. villosIU'SCULA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p.
4 A
h.s.
h. S,
VOL. 1.- PART VI.
1

546
TILIACEÆ. VII. TRIUMFETTA.
.
.
656.) leaves 5-nerved, roundish-ovate, 3-lobed, sharply and base, unequally toothed, pilose on both surfaces, lower teeth
doubly serrated, with the lower serratures callose, rather villous glandular; upper leaves ovate-oblong, undivided ; calyxes pu-
above, but clothed with stellate tomentum beneath, upper leaves bescent, apiculate; prickles of capsule hooked and naked. ñ.s.
oblong, deeply serrated ; peduncles 4-5, extra-axillary, usually Native of Java. Flowers yellow.
3-flowered; calyx apiculated, covered with stellate down; fruit False-angled-leaved Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
pubescent, and covered with hooked bristles. O.S. Native of 29 T. SEMITRILOBA (Lin. mant. 73.) upper leaves ovate, acu-
Java. Flowers yellow.
minated, the rest subcordate, 3-lobed, serrate, pubescent on both
Rather-villous Triumfetta. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
surfaces, upper ones oblong, undivided; flowers with 30 stamens;
21 T. TRILOCULA'Ris (Roxb. ex Horn. hort. hafn. suppl. calyx pubescent, a little pointed ; teeth of style and cells of
140.) leaves roundish-ovate, half-3-lobed, cordate at the base, ovary 3; fruit smooth, echinated, with the bristles covered with
coarsely serrated, acuminated, beset with stellate pili on both retrograde hairs. h.S. Native of the West Indies. Flowers
surfaces, lower serratures glandular, upper leaves ovate-oblong; yellow, clustered. The leaves and tender buds, infused in
calyx pubescent, apiculated ; capsule 3-valved, 3-celled; prickles water, yield a fine clear mucilage, from whence we may conclude
,
of capsule hooked; peduncles aggregate, opposite the leaves, 2- this plant to be a good emollient. The bark is tough and
4-flowered. n. S. Native of the East Indies.
strong, and serves for ropes, and other conveniences of that kind
Three-celled-fruited Triumfetta. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. in the inland parts of Jamaica.
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Half-three-lobed-leaved Triumfetta. Fl. July. Clt. 1773.
22 T. SE'PIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 286.) leaves lanceolate,
Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
acuminated, serrated, pubescent above, and tomentose beneath ; 30 T. GLA'BRA (Rottl. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 450.) leaves
flowers decandrous ; teeth of style and cells of ovary 3; fruit roundish, cordate, acutely 3-lobed, smooth ; racemes terminal,
pilose, shortly echinated. h.S. Native of Brazil near Rio elongated ; calyx hoary-pubescent ; fruit hairy. h.S. Native
Janeiro in hedges. Lower teeth of leaves glandular. Peduncles of the East Indies. Flowers yellow.
commonly tern, opposite the leaves.
Smooth Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Hedge Triumfetta. Fl. Aug.
Fl. Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
31 T. HAVANNE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
23 T. OBSCU'RA (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 286.) leaves ovate, 345.) leaves obovate, s-lobed, membranaceous, serrated, and
subsinuated or obsoletely 3-lobed, short-acuminated, serrated, are as well as the branches pubescent; lateral lobes rounded, in-
pubescent, membranous; flowers with 15 stamens ; teeth of termediate one acuminate. h.S. Native of Cuba near Ha-
style, and cells of ovary 3; fruit hardly pilose, shortly echinat-
vannah. Flowers yellow. Stamens 11. Fruit globose, echi-
ed. ñ.S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Lower serra- nate, 3-celled. Resembles T. semitriloba,
tures of leaves glandular. Peduncles short, 2-3, opposite the Havannah Triumfetta. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub
leaves, upper ones disposed in racemes.
3 to 6 feet.
Obscure Triumfetta. Fl. Aug. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
32 T. MOLLISSIMA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
24 T. ABUTILOIDES (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 287.) leaves 345. t. 488.) leaves ovate, cordate, 3-lobed, sharply and doubly
somewhat 3-lobed or ovate, cordate, acuminated, serrated, vel- serrated, soft and downy-pubescent above, hoary-pubescent be-
vety ; flowers with 20 stamens ; teeth of style and cells 2; fruit neath, middle lobe with a very long point. n. S. Native near
pilose, long-echinated. h. S.
h. S. Native of Brazil in the pro- Santa-Fe-de-Bogota. Flowers yellow.
yellow. Stamens 20. Fruit
vince of Minas Geraes. Peduncles twin or tern, umbellately 3- globose, echinated, hoary.
flowered. Lower teeth of leaves glandular.
Very-soft-leaved Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
Abutilon-like Triumfetta. Fl. Aug.
Fl. Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
33 T. VELUTI'NA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 62.) leaves ovate, acu-
25 T. TRICU'SPIS (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 288.) upper leaves minate, somewhat angular, unequally serrated, velvety beneath,
ovate or oblong, repand, the rest ovate 3-lobed, acuminated, with the lower teeth glandular; flowers axillary ; calyxes pubes-
serrated, velvety; flowers of 20 stamens; teeth of style and cells cent, a little acuminated; fruit echinated, rather hairy.-Native
of ovary 3.
3 h.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas of the Mauritius, and of Guinea in the kingdom of Waree.
Geraes, not far from Villa Rica. Peduncles as in the rest of Resembles T. glandulòsa. Stipulas ciliated.
the species. Lower teeth of leaves rather glandular, as in most Velvety-leaved Triumfetta. Shrub.
of the species.
34 T. RHOMBOI'DEA (Jacq. amer. 147. t. 90.) leaves rhom-
Three-pointed-leaved Triumfetta. Fl. July. Shrub 2 to 3
Fl. July. Shrub 2 to 3 boidal, lower ones somewhat 5-lobed, middle ones somewhat 3-
feet.
lobed, upper ones oblong, all callosely-serrated, velvety on both
26 T. ERIOCA'RPA (St. Hil
. fl
. bras. 1. p. 288.) upper leaves surfaces, and cuneated at the base; flowers numerous, axillary;
subovate, the rest cordate and bluntly 3-lobed, coarsely crenate- calyx acuminated; fruit echinated, rather pilose. n. S. Native
toothed, nearly smooth ; flowers with 15 stamens; teeth of of the Caribbee islands, Peru, and Guinea. T. rhombeæfòlia,
style and ovaries 2 ; fruit tomentose, shortly echinated. O.S. Swartz, prod. 76. T. rhomboidea, Lindl. coll. t. 29. Flowers
Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Peduncles 2-4, glomerate, yellow. Style tricuspidate at the apex. .
2-3-flowered, opposite the leaves. Lower serratures of leaves Rhomb-like-leaved Triumfetta. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1818.
changed into discoid glands beneath.
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
Woolly-fruited Triumfetta. Pl. 1 foot.
35 T. Hirta (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 63.) leaves ovate, 3-lobed,
,
27 T. ANGULA'TA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 421. var. a.) leaves ovate, smooth above, velvety beneath ; panicle terminal, with forked
5-nerved, angular at the apex, 3-lobed, acuminated, unequally hairy branches. ħ. Š. Native of St. Martha in South Ame-
toothed, rather villous beneath, with a glandular tooth on each rica. Flowers yellow.
side at the base; calyxes hispid, acuminated; fruit smoothish, Hairy-panicled Triumfetta. Shrub 2 feet?
echinated. h.S. Native of the East Indies.Pluk. alm. t. 36 T. ALTHÆOI'DES (Lam. dict. 3. p. 420.) leaves broad-ovate,
41. f. 5. Bartràmia, Lam. ill. t. 400. f. 2. Flowers yellow. undivided, acuminated, covered with soft tomentum on both sur-
Angular-leaved Triumfetta. Fl. June, July. Člt. 1818. faces, unequally serrate, lower serratures exserted, callosely-
Shrub 3 feet.
glandular ; flowers axillary; calyxes downy, pointed; fruit
28 T. PSEU'DO-ANGULA'TA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. echinated, with retrograde hairy bristles. h. S. Native of
1. p. 656.) leaves roundish, half-3-lobed, rather cordate at the Cayenne. T. macrophylla, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 34.
.

TILIACEÆ. VII, TRIUMFETTA. VIII. Porpa. IX. GREWIA.
547
h. S.
p. 343.
a
.
Var. f, subtrátoba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 508.) leaves obsoletely 46 T. OXYPHY'LLA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C.
3-lobed, pubescent above. . Native of New Andalusia prod. 1. p. 508.) leaves cordate, acuminated, serrated, villous ;
near Caripe. T. althæoides, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. branches of panicle somewhat forked ; sepals linear, acuminated,
Flowers yellow.
twice as long as the oblong petals. 4. S. Native of New Spain
Hollyhock-like Triumfetta. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1820. Shrub on mountains. Flowers, yellow.
3 feet.
Sharp-leaved Triumfetta. Pl. 2 feet.
37 T. VESTITA (Wall. mss. in Lin. soc. herb.) leaves ovate, 47 T. OBLIQUA (Roth. nov. spec. p. 224.) leaves obliquely
undivided, coarsely crenate-serrated, villous, pale beneath ; pe- cordate-oblong, acuminated, undivided, unequally serrated, sca-
duncles aggregate, 2-3-flowered, opposite the leaves.
H.S.
brous from starry hairs above, clothed with soft tomentum be-
Native of Silhet. Petals yellow. The whole plant is villous. neath ; prickles of capsule ciliated. H.S. Native of ? Flowers
Clothed Triumfetta, Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
.
complete, yellow.
38 T. ACUMINA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. Oblique-leaved Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
343.) leaves ovate-oblong, cordate, acuminated, doubly serrated,
pubescent above, covered with soft tomentum beneath; branches
N.B. Triumfétta Bartràmia of Lin. spec. p. 638. remains
undetermined, as all the synonymes given to it belong to dif-
pilose; flowers axillary. K. S. Native of South America in
New Granada near Mariquito. Stamens about 20. Flowers
ferent species. It is probably a species of Urèna.
yellow. Fruit echinated, downy.
Cult. All the species are uninteresting weed-like plants.
Acuminate-leaved Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
They thrive best in a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings
39 T. GRANDIFLÒRA (Vahl, ecl. 2. p. 34.) leaves ovate, rather
will root readily in sand under a hand-glass, in heat, but as most
cordate, acuminated, hairy, unequally serrate, lower teeth glan-
of the species ripen seeds in abundance this will be unnecessary.
dular beneath ; calyxes smooth, pointed ; fruit echinated, with
glabrous bristles.
VIII. POʻRPA (from topan, porpe, a ring; in allusion to
h. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands.
Flowers yellow, in axillary umbels.
the ring round the stamens.) Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa.
.
Great-flowered Triumfetta. Fl. June. Clt. 1810. Shrub 3 ft.
1. p. 659.
40 T. NEMORA'LIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 284. t. 56. A.)
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, deci-
duous. Petals 5, tomentose on the inside at the base, a little
leaves ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate, long-acuminated, serrated,
nearly smooth ; flowers with 30 stamens; teeth of style and
shorter than the calyx. Stamens 26-30, free, girded by a mem-
cells of ovary 3; fruit smooth. h.S. Native of Brazil in the
branous rim. Ovary hairy, 8-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Capsule
province of Minas Geraes. Leaves with distant glandular ser-
globose. A genus allied to Triumfétta.
1 P. RE'PENS (Blum. 1. c.) ñ . S. Native of Java. . A
ratures at the base. Peduncles usually twin, or disposed in com-
pound racemes at the tops of the branches.
suffruticose plant, with stalked, 3-lobed, toothed, somewhat cor-
Grove Triumfetta. Fl. April. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
date, scabrous leaves, opposite lanceolate stipulas, and solitary,
6
41 T. LONGICO'MA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 285. t. 56. B.)
usually 3-flowered peduncles, which are opposite the leaves.
leaves cordate or obliquely ovate, acuminated, serrated, hardly
Creeping Porpa. Shrub trailing.
Cult. This plant should be propagated and cultivated in the
pubescent; flowers with 25 stamens; teeth of style and cells of
same manner as that recommended for Triumfétta.
ovary 5; fruit smooth, echinated. K. s. Native of Brazil in
S.
the province of Rio Janeiro. Leaves 3-nerved at the base. IX. GREWIA (in honour of Nehemiah Grew, M.D. F.R.S,
Peduncles 1, 2, or 3 together, lower ones opposite the leaves, an English physician and vegetable physiologist, died 1711.).
upper ones disposed in compound terminal racemes.
Juss. ann. 4. p. 82. D. C. prod. 1.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 508. Lin. gen.
Long-haired-capsuled Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
LIN. SYST. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 coriaceous
syst
42 T. POLYA'NDRA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. sepals, which are coloured on the inside. Petals 5, with a gland
prod. 1. p. 508.) leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, acuminated, or scale on the inside at the base of each, inserted in the
rather hairy, serrated ; calyxes smooth, acuminated ; fruit echi- stipe-formed torus. Stamens numerous, rising from the apex
nated with long hairy bristles.
Native of Mexico.
of the torus, free ; anthers roundish. Style 1. Stigma 4-
Flowers large, yellow. Genitals seated on a thick stipe. Fruit
5-celled. Resembles T. grandifòra.
lobed. Drupe 4-lobed, containing from 1 to 4 nuts. Nuts
2-celled, 2-seeded, or from abortion 1-seeded. Albumen pre-
Polyandrous Triumfetta. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
sent. Embryo erect. Spreading shrubs with simple serrated
43 T. OBOVA'TA (Deppe in Schlecht. Linnæa. vol. 5. p. 56.) leaves, usually resembling those of the elm, with solitary or ag-
leaves obovate, rather cordate at the base, and acutish at the gregate few-flowered peduncles. The flowers are downy on
top, with a small acumen, serrated, densely tomentose beneath, the outside, but smooth and usually purple on the inside.
but rather rough above from hairs; flowers polyandrous ; fruit
large, covered with prickles or strong hairs, these are hardly
$1. Petals very short or wanting. Leaves 3 rarely 5-nerved.
hooked. ş. S. Native of Mexico. Flowers large, yellow. Sepals 1-nerved.
Fruit the size of a cherry.
1 G. APE'TALA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 93. t. 49. f. 3.) leaves large,
Obovate-leaved Triumfetta. Shrub 4 feet.
3-nerved, obovate, cuneated at the base, crenulate, roughish;
of Species not sufficiently known.
peduncles usually solitary, branched, racemose ; flowers apeta-
lous, 4-cleft. h.S. Native of Java.
44 T. PROCU’MBENS (Forst. prod. no. 204.) leaves roundish- Apetalous Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, tomentose; stem procumbent.-- 2 G. CAUDATA (Wall. in herb. soc. Lin.) leaves smooth, ob-
Native of the Society islands. Flowers yellow.
long, ending in a long acumen, 3-nerved at the base; peduncles
Procumbent Triumfetta. Shrub procumbent.
axillary, 3-flowered, twin or solitary, about the length of the
45 T, I'NDICA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 420.) leaves ovate rhom- petioles. n. S. Native of Pulo-Penang. G. heteroclita,
boidal, undivided, hoary beneath ; fruit axillary, with naked Roxb. hort. beng. p. 92. ex Wall. Calyx valvate, not nerved.
prickles. h.S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers yellow.
. Petals not evident.
Perhaps this is the same as T. ánnua?
Tailed-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
Indian Triumfetta. Shrub 3 feet.
3 G. MULTIFLORA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 89. t. 47. f. 1.) leaves
h. S.
4 A 2

548
TILIACEÆ. IX. GREWIA.
large, 3-nerved, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, quite smooth ; pe- of the East Indies in Sumatra. Genitals bearing much longer
duncles aggregate, 3-4-flowered. h. S. Native of the Phi- stipes than the other species.
lippine Islands,
Umbellate-flowered Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
Many-flowered Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
14 G. ODORA'TA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 658.)
4 G. GUAZUMÆFÒLIA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 89. t. 48. f. 3.) leaves leaves 3-nerved at the base, ovate or elliptic-oblong, rather sca-
large, 3-nerved, elliptic, acuminate, smooth above, tomentose brous beneath, unequally-crenated, with the lower ones glan-
beneath, crenate-toothed, lower teeth glandular; peduncles soli- dular ; peduncles axillary, solitary or twin, 3-5-flowered; pedi-
tary, 2-3-flowered. h.s. Native of Java. G. oblongifòlia, cels umbellate ; sepals 3-nerved. h.s. Native of Java.
Blume.
Sweet-scented Grewia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
Guazuma-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
15 G. SEPIA'riA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) leaves smooth,
5 G. TOMENTÒSA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 89. t. 49. f. 1.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, 3-nerved at the base,
large, 3-nerved, ovate-lanceolate, oblique at the base, tomentose with the midrib below rather hispid, as well as the petioles and
on both surfaces, unequally toothed; peduncles crowded, short, young branches; peduncles axillary, umbellate, 3-4-flowered,
many-flowered; petals very ininute. n. S. Native of Java. 3-times longer than the petiole. h. s.
h.S. Native of Bengal.
Tomentose-leaved Grewia. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet.
Hedge Grewia. Shrub 8 feet.
6 G. CELTIDIFÒLIA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 93.) leaves large, 5-
nerved, ovate-oblong, pilose on the nerves above, tomentose
$ 3. Petals oblong. Sepals nerveless or 1-nerved. Leaves
beneath ; peduncles 2-3-flowered. ħ. S. Native of Java. 3-nerved at the base and feather-nerved in the centre.
Flowers like those of G. tomentosa.
16 G. Exce'lsa (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 35.) leaves oblong,
Celtis-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
smooth above, covered with hoary tomentum beneath, obtusely
7 G. HIRSU'TA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 34.) leaves 3-nerved, ovate- serrated ; peduncles solitary, 1-3-flowered; petals shorter than
lanceolate, acuminate, rounded at the base and oblique, soft and the calyx. ħ. S. Native of Egypt and Arabia. Chadara
villous on both surfaces; peduncles very short, usually tern or arbòrea, Forsk. descr. p. 105.
solitary, 3-flowered; petals ciliated. h.s. Native of Java. Tall Grewia. Clt. 1816. Tree 20 feet.
Hairy Grewia. Clt. 1816. Shrub 8 feet.
Var. B, verrucosa (Juss. ann. 2. p. 90.) leaves warted above,
8 G. HELECTERIFÒLIA (Wall. mss. in Lin. soc. herb.) leaves repand. h.S. Native of Java. The warts on the leaves are
lanceolate, tapering to the apex, acute, finely serrated, 3-nerved perhaps formed from a species of Erineum.
at the base, tomentose beneath ; peduncles short, usually twin, Tall Grewia. Clt. 1816. Tree 20 feet.
2-3-flowered, about the length of the petioles. h.s. Native 17 G. BIFLÒRA ; branched ; leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate,
of the East Indies. The whole plant villous or tomentose, subcordate at the base, acuminated, smooth, serrated, 3-nerved
except the upper surfaces of the adult leaves. G. hirsùta, at the base ; petioles and branches hispid; peduncles axillary
Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.
and terminal, short, solitary or twin, 2-3-flowered ; calyx hispid.
Helecteres-leaved Grewia. Shrub.
h.S. Native of Guinea. Flowers yellow.
9 G. BRACTEA'TA (Roth. nov. spec. 243.) leaves elliptic-lan- Two-flowered Grewia. Shrub 4 feet.
ceolate, bluntly serrated, smooth, nerves, veins, and branches 18 G. BICOLOR (Juss. ann. 4. p. 90. t. 50. f. 2.) leaves ovate-
clothed with rusty hairs; peduncles solitary, axillary, 3-flowered; oblong, sharply serrulated, smooth above, hoary beneath ; pedi-
flowers almost sessile, involucrated at the base; petals wanting. cels solitary, 1-3-flowered. h.S. Native of Guinea. Petals
h.S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps a species of Mi- a little shorter than the sepals, but equal with the stamens.
Fruit smooth, one-half smaller than a common pea.
Bracteate-flowered Grewia. Clt. 1820. Shrub 10 feet.
Two-coloured-leaved Grewia. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 feet.
10 G. GLA'BRA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p 657.) 19 G. Ro'rhu (D. C. prod. 1. p. 509.) leaves ovate, oblong-
leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved at the base, acuminated, lanceolate, acuminated, sharply serrated at the top, smooth above,
obtusely serrated, smoothish ; lower serratures glandular; pe-
;
hoary beneath ; stipulas lanceolate, longer than the petioles ;
duncles axillary, solitary or twin, 2-3-flowered, longer than the peduncles usually tern and 3-flowered, bracteate ; petals about
petioles; pedicels bracteate at the base; petals very short, half the length of the stamens. h. S. Native of the East
villously ciliated below. h. S. Native of Java. Like G.
Indies. G. bícolor, Roth. nov. spec. p. 240. but not of Juss.
bracteàta.
Roth's Grewia. Clt. 1819, Shrub 6 feet.
Smooth Grewia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
20 G. SALVIFÒLIA (Roth. nov. spec. p. 239.) leaves oblong-
ovate, obtuse, finely crenulated, rather entire at the base, with
§ 2. Petals oblong. Sepals 3-nerved. Leaves 3-nerved at pubescent dots above, but clothed with white down beneath ;
the base and feather-nerved in the middle.
peduncles solitary, 2-3-flowered. h.S. Native of the East
Indies. Ovaries tomentose. Resembles G. affinis. G. sal-
11 G. MALLOCÓCca (Lin. fil. suppl. 409.) leaves cordate, vifòlia of Lin. is a species of Alángium.
ovate-oblong, crenated. scabrous ; pedicels axillary, 3-flowered. Sage-leaved Grewia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1818. Sh. 6 ft.
h.S. Native of the island of Tongatabu. Mallocócca crenata, 21 G. ROXBU'RGHII; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, serrated,
Forst. gen. t. 39. Flowers pale-purple.
villous beneath, on very short petioles; peduncles axillary, 2-3-
Soft-berried Grewia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1792. Sh. 6 ft. flowered, rather longer than the petioles. h.S. Native of
12 G. OPPOSITIFÒLIA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42. D. C. prod. Coromandel. G. salvifòlia, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 93. ex Wall,
1. p. 227.) leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated, 3-nerved, sca- The whole plant is villous, except the upper surface of the adult
brous, tomentose beneath as well as the branches ; peduncles leaves.
solitary or twin, 3-4-flowered, opposite the leaves. ħ. G. Roxburgh's Grewia. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
Native of Nipaul. Flowers purple inside.
22 G. OBLONGIFOLIA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1.
Opposite-leaved Grewia, Shrub 6 feet.
p. 657.) leaves 3-nerved, oblong, acuminated, obtuse at the
13 G. UMBELLA'TA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) leaves elliptic, base, toothed, with the lower teeth glandular, pubescent above
a little crenated, acuminated, quite smooth ; peduncles umbel- and villous beneath; peduncles axillary, solitary, usually 3-
late, axillary, twice the length of the petioles. ħ.S. Native flowered, longer than the petioles ; pedicels bibracteolate at the
;
crocos.

TILIACEÆ. IX. GREWIA.
549
.
.
base ; petals very minute, villously ciliated. h.S. Native of Oriental Grewia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1767. Shrub 6
Java.
feet.
Var. B; leaves elliptical-oblong ; peduncles twin.
33 G. PUBE'SCENS (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 75. t. 108.) leaves
Oblong-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet,
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, crenated, smooth above, but pu-
23 G. FLAVA (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 113.) leaves oval, bescent beneath, 3-nerved at the base ; peduncles 2-3-flowered,
cuneiform, very blunt, crenulate, hoary pubescent on both sur- terminal, and axillary. ñ.S. Native of Guinea in the king-
faces; pedicels 1-flowered ; petals bifid, shorter than the
calyx. doms of Benin and Waree as well as Sierra Leone. Flowers red.
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope beyond the Orange The whole plant is villous, except the upper surface of the leaves.
River. Flowers yellow.
Pubescent Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
Yellow-flowered Grewia. Clt. 1819. Shrub 2 feet.
34 G. COLUMNA'RIS (Smith, in Rees' cyclop. v. 17. no. 5.)
24 G. CUNEIFÒLIA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 90. t. 49. f. 2.) leaves leaves ovate-oblong, crenated, scabrous on both surfaces ; pedun-
small, wedge-shaped, thickish, smooth, rounded at the apex and cles 3-flowered; genitals on a very villous elongated stipe. n. S.
crenated, entire at the base ; sepals narrow, a little longer than Native of the East Indies. Stipulas awl-shaped, equal in length
the petals ; peduncles solitary, 2-flowered ; sepals narrow, ex-
with the petioles.
ceeding the length of the petals. h. S. Native of Mada- Columnar-stiped Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
gascar.
35 G. PILÒSA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 43. exclusive of the syno-
Wedge-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
nymes,) leaves ovate, thickish and roughish, crenate; peduncles
25 Ġ. Bíloba; leaves ovate, acuminated, coarsely serrated, 2-6-flowered, axillary, and terminal ; fruit hairy. h. s. Na-
G. BÍLOBA
3-nerved at the base, smooth above but pubescent beneath ; tive of the East Indies. Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42. G. orientalis,
peduncles opposite the leaves, umbellate, about equal in length Gært. Vahl. and Smith in Rees' cyclop. no. 4. Flowers yellow.
to the petioles; fruit 2-lobed. h. G. Native of China. (v. s. Pilose Grewia. Clt. 1804. Shrub 6 feet.
in herb. Lamb.)
36 G. GLANDULÒSA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 34.) leaves large,
Two-lobed-fruited Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, smooth on both surfaces, crenulated,
26 G. DIDYMA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 93.) leaves smooth, the lower notches glandular ; peduncles axillary, somewhat 3-
oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved at the base, serrated, ending in a flowered, shorter than the petioles. h. S. Native of the
.
long, serrated acumen, cuneated at the base ; pedicel 1-flowered? Mauritius. Juss. ann. 4. t. 48. f. 1.
3-times longer than the petiole ; fruit didymous. h. s. Native Glandular-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
of the East Indies. G. disperma, Roth.
37 G. SERRULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 510.) leaves ovate-ob-
Didymous-fruited Grewia. Shrub.
long, acuminated, smooth on both surfaces, serrulated, the lower
27 G. NI'TIDA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 90. t. 47. f. 2.) leaves ovate- teeth glandular; peduncles axillary, straight, usually 3-flowered,
oblong, crenulated, smooth, shining ; peduncles solitary, short, longer than the petioles. h.S. Native of Bengal.
1-2-flowered ; sepals and petals ovate. h. G. Native of Scrrulated-leaved Grewia. Shrub 10 feet.
China.
38 G. LÆVIGA'TA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 34.) leaves elliptical,
Shining-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
acuminated, smooth on both surfaces, serrated at top, quite entire
28 G. MEXICA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 510.) leaves ovate- at the base ; peduncles long, 3-flowered. h.s. Native of the
oblong, somewhat serrulated, smooth above, velvety beneath ; East Indies. Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 7. G. Damine, Gært.
peduncles many-flowered, racemose; petals equal in length with Smooth-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
the calyx. h. s. Native of New Spain. Flower-bud obo- 39 G. HUMILIS (Wall. mss. in herb. soc. Lin.) leaves small,
vate-globose, velvety. This is the only American species. oblong, or ovate-oblong, acute or obtuse, rather serrated, wrinkled
Mexican Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
above, tomentose beneath as well as the branches, 3-nerved at
29 G. OVALIFÒLIA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 90.) leaves oval, crenu- the base, on very short petioles ; pedicel apparently 1-flowered,
lated, smooth, tapering to the apex; peduncles 2-3-flowered, longer than the petioles.
longer than the petioles. n. S. Native of the East Indies at
solitary, or somewhat racemose at the tops of the branches ; the Irawaddi.
sepals narrow, twice as long as the petals. h.s. Native of Humble Grewia. Shrub 2 feet.
Coromandel.
40 G. MO'LLIS (Juss. ann. 4. p. 91.) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
Oval-leaved Grewia. F1. July, Aug. Clt. 1818.
Clt. 1818. Sh. 6 ft. serrate-toothed, soft, tomentose beneath ; peduncles almost
30 G. LATERIFLÓRA ; branches erect ; leaves alternate, obo- solitary, usually 3-flowered, longer than the petioles. ñ.S.
vate, acuminated, distantly toothed, 3-nerved at the base, pale Native of Guinea.
on the under surface, smooth ; peduncles axillary, 3-4-flowered, Soft-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
longer than the petioles. ħ. S. Native of Sierra Leone. 41 G. FLAVE'SCENS (Juss. ann. 4. p. 91.) leaves ovate-oblong,
(v. s. herb. Lamb.)
acute, unequally serrated, scabrous on both surfaces, with starry
Side-flowered Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
hairs; stipulas linear, longer than the petioles; peduncles gener-
31 G. MACROPHY'LLA; leaves large, oblong, acuminated, 3- ally solitary, 3-flowered, length of petioles. ñ .s. Native of
h.s.
nerved at the base, villous beneath as well as on the midrib the East Indies. Petals yellowish.
above, entire ; peduncles axillary, solitary or twin, sometimes Yellowish-petalled Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
bifid, corymbose ; stem very villous. ñ . S. Native of the 42 G. ACUMINA'TA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 91. t. 48. f. 2.) leaves
East Indies. Leaves a span long and 4-5 inches broad. Petals large, ovate-oblong, abruptly acuminate, crenulated, rounded at
apparently linear.
the base, smooth ; peduncles long, usually solitary, 2-3-flowered.
Long-leaved Grewia. Shrub 10 feet.
h.S. Native of Java. Sepals an inch long, thrice as long
32 G. ORIENTA'LIS (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 964.) leaves ovate, ob- as the petals.
long, crenated, roughish beneath, bluntly acuminated; peduncles Acuminate-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
axillary, 3-flowered ; sepals narrow, thrice as long as the petals, 43 G. CARPINIFÒLIA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 91. t. 51. f. 1.) leaves
but equal in length with the stamens. h. S. Native of the ovate, serrated, cordate at the base, acute or obtuse, roughish
Coromandel coast.-Rheed. mal. 5. t. 46.Pluk. alm. t. 50. beneath; peduncles short, 3-flowered. h.s. Native of Guinea.
f. 4. Flowers white on the inside and green on the outside. Beauv. A. d'ow. 1. t. 30. Sepals narrow, equal in length with
Stamens white, tipped with yellow.
the stamens, but longer than the petals. Flowers purple.

550
TILIACEÆ. IX. GREWIA.
.
Var. B, rhamnifolia (Roth. nov. spec. p. 244.) leaves ovate, acute, unequally serrate, smooth above and hoary beneath, on
scarcely cordate.
short petioles ; peduncles 2-3 together, 2-3-flowered, twice or
Hornbeam-leaved Grewia. Clt. 1823. Shrub 10 feet.
thrice the length of the petioles.h. S.
h.S. Native of the Coro-
44 G. COMMUTA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 511.) leaves oblong or mandel coast and the Mauritius. Sonn. voy. 2. t. 138. Leaves
ovate, acuminated, acute or obtuse, somewhat cordate at the like those of Tília argéntea. Flowers small. Berries small,
base, unequally serrated, clothed with pale and rufescent pubes- red, and acid.
cence above, tomentose beneath ; peduncles axillary, 'umbellate, Asiatic Grewia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1792. Shrub 12 feet.
3 times longer than the petioles, upper ones length of leaves. 54 G. SCLEROPHY'LLA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 92.) leaves large,
h. S. Native of the East Indies. G. carpinifolia, Roth. nov. roundish, obtuse, wrinkled, unequally toothed, smooth above
spec. 245. but not of Juss. Flowers purple inside.
and villous beneath ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered, rather
Changed Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
longer than the petioles. h. S. Native of Saharimpoor.
45 G. MEGA LOCA'RPA (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 69. t. 102.) leaves Leaves usually rounded at the apex, but sometimes with a point,
oblong, bluntly acuminated, serrated, smooth ; peduncles 1-2- 3-5-nerved at the base. Flowers rather large.
flowered; fruct glabrous, 4-lobed. h.s. Native of Guinea. Hard-leaved Grewia. Tree 20 feet.
Fruit black and edible, at first bitter, but afterwards becoming 55 G. SUBINÆQUA'LIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 511.) leaves orbi-
sweet. Flowers dark purple.
cular, oblique at the base, with 5-7 palmate nerves, acuminated
Large-fruited Grewia. Shrub 10 feet.
at the apex, serrate, pubescent; peduncles 2-3 together, 2-3-
46 G. RUGÓSA ; leaves large, roundish-oblong, pubescent and flowered, longer than the petioles. "ħ. S. Native of the East
very veiny beneath, smoothish and wrinkled, acute or rounded Indies. G. arbòrea, Roth. nov. spec. 247. but not of Forsk.
at the apex, coarsely and unequally toothed, 3-nerved at the Almost-equal-leaved Grewia. Tree 15 feet.
base. ñ . S. Native of the East Indies. G. obliqua, Roxb. 56 G. INÆQUA'LIS (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p.
hort. beng. p. 92.
657.) leaves usually 5-nerved at the base, ovate-oblong, acu-
Wrinkled-leaved Grewia. Shrub.
minated, somewhat cordate at the base, unequally and obtusely
47 G. OBLIQUA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 92.) leaves lanceolate, ob- serrated, covered with stellate pubescence above, but with white
lique, toothed, scabrous on both surfaces from stellate hairs; tomentum beneath ; peduncles 2-4, axillary, 2-6-flowered, um-
stipulas linear, equal in length with the petioles ; peduncles bellate, with the pedicels bracteate at the base; petals oblong,
solitary, 3-flowered. . S. Native of the East Indies. shorter than the calyx. h.S. Native of Java.
.
Flowers purple inside.
Unequal-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
Oblique-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
57 G. ARBÒREA (Roxb. hort. beng. 92.) leaves ovate, subcor-
48 Ĝ. OCCIDENTA'LIS (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 964.) leaves date, obtusely serrated, covered with stellate pubescence on both
roundish-ovate, obtuse, toothed, smooth; peduncles solitary, surfaces; peduncles aggregate, elongated, axillary, umbellately-
1-flowered. h. G.
.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. panicled. h.S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves 5-nerved
Seba, thes. 1. t. 26. f. 3. Delaum. herb. amat. t. 95. Curt. bot. at the base.
mag. t. 422. Leaves small, like those of elm. Sepals equal Tree Grewia. Tree 20 feet.
in length to the petals, a little longer than the stamens. Flowers 58 G. VILLÒSA (Roth. nov. spec. 248.) leaves roundish-ovate,
purple.
with a short acumen, somewhat cordate at the base, doubly
Western Grewia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1690. Shrub 10 ft. serrate, beset with starry hairs above, and with starry greyish
down beneath, rufous on both surfaces; peduncles crowded to-
$ 4. Petals oblong. Leaves 5-7-nerved.
gether, 1-flowered, shorter than the petioles. . S. Native
49 G. POPULIFÒLIA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 33.) leaves small, of the East Indies. Resembles G. subinæqualis.
orbicular, unequally and bluntly crenate-toothed, smooth above, Villous Grewia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 feet.
pubescent beneath ; peduncles long, solitary, 1-flowered. h. G. 59 G. ORBICULA'RIS (Lamb. herb.) leaves roundish-ovate,
Native of Egypt and Arabia. Chadàra tenax, Forsk. descr. 105, hoary on both surfaces, rather serrulated; peduncles axillary,
G. Chadàra, Lam. dict. 3. p. 44. Leaves hanging down like those solitary, 3-flowered. h.S. Native of the East Indies.
of Pópulus trémula.
Orbicular-leaved Grewia. Shrub 10 feet.
-
Poplar-leaved Grewia. Shrub.
60 G. ABUTILIFÒLIA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 92.) leaves broad-cor-
50 G. BETULÆFÒLIA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 92. t. 50. f. 1.) leaves date, sinuately-angular at the apex, unequally-toothed, scabrous
small, cordate, serrate, somewhat villous ; peduncles long, soli- above, somewhat tomentose beneath ; peduncles 2-3 together,
tary, 1-flowered. h. S. Native of Senegal and other parts of each bearing 3 flowers, much shorter than the petioles. n. S.
Guinea. Flowers purple. This is probably only a variety of Native of Java. G. arbutifòlia, Pers. no. 31. Resembles G.
G. populifolia.
áspera.
Birch-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
Mulberry-leaved Grewia. Shrub 12 feet.
51 G. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 92. t. 50. f. 3.) leaves 61 G. A'SPERA (Roth. nov. spec. 245.) leaves ovate-roundish,
small, round, crenulated, rather white from down; peduncles acuminated, blunt at the base, unequally serrated, rough on both
usually 2-3 together, 2-5-flowered, longer than the petioles. surfaces from starry hairs; pedicels in threes, 1-flowered, shorter
h. S. Native on the Coromandel coast. Leaves like those of than the petioles. h. S. Native of the East Indies. Flowers
Betula pūmila, almost sessile. G. orbiculàta, Roth. nov. spec. purple ? G. abutifolia, Wall. in herb. Lin. soc. but not of Juss.
?
247. Flowers purple.
Rough-leaved Grewia. Shrub 8 feet.
Round-leaved Grewia. Shrub 4 feet.
62 G. TILIÆFÒLIA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 35.) leaves roundish,
52 G. PU'MILA (Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 227.) cordate, smooth, bluntly serrate; peduncles 2-3 together, each
leaves roundish, 5-nerved, serrated, and are villous as well as bearing 4 flowers, shorter than the petioles. n. S. Native of
the branches ; peduncles axillary, solitary, twin, or tern, 3-flow- the East Indies and Ceylon. Microcos lateriflòra, Lin. spec.
ered. h. G. Native of Nipaul at a village called Bassaria. 734. G. arbórea, Roxb. ex Willd. nov. act. nat. cur. 1813.
G. nàna, Wall. mss. in herb. soc. Lin. Flowers small, purplish.
Dwarf Grewia. Fl. Mar. Shrub 1 foot.
Lime-tree-leaved Grewia. Clt. 1812.
Clt. 1812. Tree 12 feet.
53 G. Asia TICA (Lin. mant. 122.) leaves cordate, roundish, 63 G. SA'PIDA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) leaves oval, 5-
.
p. 205.

TILIACEÆ. IX. GREWIA. X. Microcos. XI. VINCENTIA.
551
h. S.
nerved, obtuse at both ends, coarsely toothed, smoothish; pe- top of the torus, free ; anthers roundish. Style 1, crowned by
duncles 3 together, each bearing 3 flowers, 4-times longer than a bluntish stigma. Drupe roundish, containing a nut of 3 cells,
a
the petioles. n. S. Native of Bengal. Fruit eatable. each filled with a solitary kernel. Albumen none. Shrubs with
Good-tasted Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
-
the habit of Grèmia, but the inflorescence is terminal and pani-
64 G. ORBICULA'TA (Rottl. ex Willd. in nov. spec. act. nat. cled, not axillary as in that genus. It also differs particularly
cur. 1813. p. 205.) leaves roundish-cordate, scabrous, downy in the involucral-bracteas; there are generally 3 flowers toge-
beneath, ciliary-serrated; peduncles umbellate, shorter than the ther; these are surrounded by 3 trifid bracteas, within which
petioles. h. S. Native of the East Indies. G. villosa, Willd. are found 3 smaller linear ones, as well as cut ones at the bottom
1. c. and Smith in Rees' cycl. vol. 17. no. 13.
of the branches of the panicle.
Orbiculate-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
1 M. PANICULA'TA (Lin. spec. 733.) leaves ovate-oblong, acu-
65 G.? THEREBINTHINA CEA (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 114.) minated, 3-nerved, smooth, slightly serrated ; panicle terminal,
leaves 5-nerved, cordate, acuminated, toothed, rarely 3-lobed, villous, with 2 or 3 flowers together within a 7-leaved involu-
clothed with soft villi; petioles compressed ; flowers racemose ; crum ; stipulas and bracteas usually bifid or trifid.
pedicels aggregate. . S. Native of? Branchlets opposite the Native of the East Indies. Grèwia microcos, Lin. syst. ed. 12.
leaves in flower-bearing branches. Leaves when bruised smell- vol. 2. p. 602. Gréwia ulmifolia, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.
ing of Pelargonium. Fruit unknown. This plant is sometimes Flowers reddish.
to be found in gardens under the name of Heliocarpus, and it Paniculate-flowered Microcos. Cit. 1799. Sh. 6 to 10 ft.
.
is probably a species of that genus with a 4-celled ovary.
2 M. TOMENTÒSA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. Mal. mis. 1. no. 1.
Turpentine-scented Grewia. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet. p. 12.) leaves elliptical-oblong, obtuse, with a short point,
66 G. ERIOCA'RPA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 93.) leaves ovate, 5- obsoletely serrated, chiefly towards the apex, 3-nerved, downy;
nerved, bluntly serrate, tomentose beneath ; peduncles 1-2 toge-panicle terminal, clothed with rusty down as well as the branches
ther, usually 3-flowered ; petals very narrow, not glandular; and petioles, with 2-3 flowers together within a 7-leaved linear
torus not elongated. h.S. Native of Java.
involucel ; bracteas trifid; stipulas usually bifid. h.S. Na-
Woolly-fruited Grewia. Shrub.
tive of the Prince of Wales Island. Grèwia paniculata, Roxb.
67 G. DISPE'RMA (Rottl. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 579.) leaves hort. beng. p. 92. Flowers reddish.
oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, serrate, triple-nerved ; Tomentose Microcos. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 feet.
.
peduncles solitary, 3-flowered ; petals very short.
h.S. Na-
3 M. SCA'BRA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. vol. 23.) leaves oblong,
tive of the East Indies.
obliquely cordate at the base, rough beneath but smooth above,
Two-seeded Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
with 5 radiating hispid ribs ; panicle ample, terminal, with 2 or
;
,
3 flowers within an involucrum, whose leaves are often palmate,
+ Species not sufficiently known.
as well as the bracteas. h.s. Native of Amboyna.
Scabrous Microcos. Shrub 6 feet.
68 G. VELUTI'NA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 35.) leaves oval, very 4 M. STAUNTONIA'NA; leaves oblong, broadest at the top,
soft on both surfaces, hoary beneath, bluntly serrate, oblique at smooth above except the nerves, pubescent beneath, entire,
the base ; peduncles 2-3 together, very short, each bearing 3 acuminated, 3-nervel at the base; panicle terminal, pubescent,
flowers, Þ.G. Native of Arabia. Chadara velutina, Forsk. with 3 flowers usually within an involucre, whose leaves are
descr. 106. Flowers smaller than those of G. Asiática.
simple, bifid, or trifid, as well as the bracteas. ħ. G. Native
Velvety-leaved Grewia. Shrub.
of China. (v. s. herb. Lamb.)
69 G. OBTUSIFÒLIA (Willd. enum. 566.) leaves oblong-ellip- Staunton's Microcos. Shrub.
tic, blunt at both ends, hairy, acutely and unequally toothed. 5 M. BEGONIÆFÒLIA ; leaves broad, ovate-oblong, entire,
ħ.S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple?
.
acuminated, smooth above except the nerves, but rough and
Obtuse-leaved Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
rusty beneath, 4-5-nerved at the base and obliquely cordate ;
70 G. AFRICA'NA (Mill. dict. no. 2.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, branches rough from stellate hairs; panicle terminal ; flowers
serrate. h.S. Native of Senegal.
in clusters within an involucre ; pedicels 2-3-flowered.
African Grewia. Shrub 6 feet.
Native of the East Indies. Grèwia begoniæfòlia, Roxb. hort.
71 G. ECHINULATA (Del. in Guilliaud. voy. à Meroé ex Bull. beng. p. 92.
scien. nat. June, 1827. p. 256.) leaves somewhat orbicular, cor- Begonia-leaved Microcos. Shrub 10 feet.
date ; peduncles extra-axillary; fruit umbellate, globose, de- 6 M. GLA'BRA (Jack. in mal. misc. vol. 1. pt. 1. Hook. bot.
pressed, hispid, warted, containing 4, 3-seeded nuts. Þ.G. misc. pt. 3.
3. p. 282.) leaves 3-nerved, serrated, smooth ; young
Native of the north of Africa at Meroe.
branches tomentose; panicle terminal, with 3 flowers together
Echinated-fruited Grewia. Shrub.
within an involucrum. h.S. Native of the island of Carni-
of The names of species extracted from Roxburgh's Hortus
cobar. There are frequently flowers in the axils of the upper
Calcutensis, p. 42 and 92. but these are probably identical leaves in this species.
with some of those described above, viz. G. polygama, pedicel-
Smooth-leaved Microcos. Shrub 6 feet.
làta, lanceæfòlia, Roxb.
7 M. INVOLUCRA'TA ; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, serru-
Cult. All the species of Grèmia thrive well in a mixture of lated, unequally cordate at the base, rough from stellate hairs
loam and peat, and cuttings will root in sand, under a bell-glass; above, but with stellate tomentum beneath, 5-nerved at the base ;
,
;
those of the stove species in heat.
panicles axillary and terminal ; flowers involucrated. ñ. S.
Native of Java. Grèwia involucràta, Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht.
Linnæa. 1. p. 658. .
X. MI'CROCOS (from pikpoc, micros, small, KOKKOS, koccos,
Involucred-flowered Microcos. Shrub.
a berry). Burm. thes. zeyl. p. 159. Lin. gen. 267. Gært. Cult. The species of Microcos should be propagated and culti-
fruct. t. 57.
vated in the same manner as that recommended for the species
Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals.
of Grènia.
Petals 5, emarginate, without any scale or gland on the inside
at the base as in Grèvia. Stamens numerous, inserted on the XI. VINCE'NTIA (in honour of John Vincent, an eminent
1
h. S.
a
LIN. SYST.

552
TILIACEÆ. XI. VINCENTIA. XII. COLUMBIA. XIII. Tilia.
a
advocate in the Mauritius, a great cultivator and patron of natu- LIN. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, deci-
ral history, particularly botany). Bojer. mss. Hook. bot. misc. duous. Petals 5, each furnished with a scale at the base on the
pt. 3. p. 293. t. 62,
inside, or wanting the scale. Stamens numerous ; filaments
Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 reflexed, free or somewhat disposed into many bundles. Ovary globose,
deciduous sepals. Corolla of 5 bifid petals, each furnished with villous, crowned by the deciduous style, 5-celled; cells 1-2-
a scale at the base. Torus pentagonal. Stamens numerous, seeded, but many of the cells often prove abortive. Cotyle-
free, inserted in the stipe-formed torus. Style permanent, dons sinuately toothed.-Handsome trees, with spreading alter-
crowned by a 4-lobed stigma. Capsule globose, indehiscent, nate branches; alternate, stalked, heart-shaped, acute, serrated,
containing 4, 5-celled, 5-seeded nuts, or only 1-celled, 1-seeded deciduous leaves, hairy at the origin of their veins ; panicled,
from abortion. Seeds horizontal, pear-shaped, compressed. yellowish, fragrant flowers, which are continually haunted by
Albumen wanting. A tree with the appearance of U'Imus cam- bees, with an oblong, entire bractea, united to the common stalk.
pestris, having alternate, stalked, oval, oblong, deeply serrated, Capsules with or without angles. Qualities mucilaginous. Inner
acuminated leaves, adult ones more cordate, waved, smooth, and bark tough and fibrous. Wood smooth, light, delicately white.
shining, S-nerved at the base, pale beneath. Peduncles short, The sap instipated affords a quantity of sugar. .
axillary, solitary or twin, 3-flowered, the 3 flowers are inclosed
within a bractea before expansion, hairy. Petals yellow.
.
§ 1. Petals without scales. All European species.-T. Euro-
1 V. TRIFLORA (Bojer. mss. Hook. I. c.). K. s. Native of pæa, Lin. spec. 733.
Madagascar.
1 T. MICROPHY’LLA (Vent. diss. p. 4. t. 1. f. 1.) leaves cor-
Three-flowered Vincentia. Tree 30 feet.
date, roundish, acuminated, sharply serrated, smooth above,
Cult. To be propagated and cultivated in the same manner glaucous and bearded beneath in the axils of the veins, as well
as that recommended for Grèvia, which see.
as with hairy blotches; fruit rather globose, hardly ribbed, very
thin and brittle. h.H. Native of Europe in sub-mountainous
T. Euro-
XII. COLU’MBIA (in honour of the celebrated Christopher pæ'a var. Y, Lin. spec. 733. T. ulmifòlia, Scop. carn, no. 642.
woods. In England frequent in Essex and Sussex.
y
.
Columbus, discoverer of America in 1493 ; his descendants are
called Colon in Spain at this day ; hence the genus was originally
T. sylvestris, Desf. cat. hort. par. p. 152. T. parvifolia, Ehrh.
;
ex fl. helv. 1. p. 317. Engl. bot. t. 1705. T. cordàta, Mill. dict.
called Colòna by Cavanilles, but afterwards altered by Persoon
Flowers small, fragrant, of a greenish-yellow colour in compound
to Colúmbia.) Pers. ench. 2. p. 66. D. C. prod. 1. p. 512.-
umbels.
Colòna, Cav. icon. 4. p. 47. t. 370.
Small-leaved Lime-tree. Fl. July, Aug. Britain. Tree 50 ft.
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 deciduous
SYST
2 T. EUROPÆ'a (Lin. spec. 733.) leaves cordate, acuminated,
sepals, which are coloured on the inside. Petals 5, furnished
each with a scale at the base. Torus pentagonal, stipe-formed.
serrated, smooth, except a tuft of hair at the origin of the
veins beneath, twice the length of the petioles ; cymes many-
Stamens numerous, free. Style twice as long as the stamens.
flowered; fruit coriaceous, downy. ħ. H. Native of the
Fruit globose, 4-celled, with 4 double wings, each carpel having north of Europe. In Britain in woods and hedges, or upon
2 wings and 2 seeds.-Trees resembling the elm, with serrated,
alternate leaves, and terminal and axillary racemes of red flowers,
grassy declivities. Smith, engl. bot. t. 610. T. intermèdia,
Hayne and Svenk. bot. t. 40. T. Europæ'a borealis, Wahl. ups.
forming a panicle, the partial peduncles are furnished with 3 trifid
181. Oed. A. dan. t. 553. Flowers delightfully fragrant. Pe-
bracteas and 3-flowers each.
tals obovate, of a pale-lemon colour. This tree is cultivated
1 C. SERRATIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 512.) leaves ovate-lan-
all over England, as well as in some parts of Scotland. The
ceolate, serrate, 3-nerved and oblique at the base, glaucous be-
French, growing tired of the horse-chesnut, as Du Hamel
neath; flowers in terminal and axillary bracteate racemes.
h.s. Native of the Philippine islands. C. Americana, Pers.
reports, adopted this tree for ornamental plantations in the
time of Louis XIV. It generally composes the avenues about
ench. 2. p. 66. Colòna serratifolia, Cav, icon. 4. p. 47. t. 370. the residences of the French as well as the English gentry
Serrate-leaved Columbia. Tree 20 feet.
2 C. Java'Nica (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 658.) flowering lime-trees his enchanted isle of Calypso. The inner
of that date, and Fenelon, in conformity to this, decorates with
leaves cordate, acuminate, somewhat serrulated, 5-nerved at the
bark of this, and perhaps some other species, macerated in water,
base, scabrous above, but clothed with starry tomentum beneath,
as well as the terminal divaricating panicle ; capsule villous,
makes the Russia garden-mats, called Bass or Bast-mats. Mr.
P. Lindegaard obtained excellent bass for tying plants, by placing
with the wings dilated on the outside.K.S. Native of Java.
the smooth lateral branches of the tree in water in April and
Flowers red ? An elegant tree, with the habit of Theobroma,
towards midsummer; the branches were taken up when the bark
with the younger leaves sometimes lobed.
loosened perfectly from the alburnum. It was then peeled off,
Java Columbia. Tree 50 feet.
and washed in water to make the glutinous matter separate, and
3 C. Cele'bica (Blum. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 205.) leaves hung up to dry. This method of making bass will be found of
oblique at the base, oblong, acuminated, serrate, 3-nerved, sca-
brous above, but covered with starry down beneath, as well as
great importance to gardeners resident in the country at a dis-
tance from a town, where the lime-tree abounds. Bees collect much
the panicled, terminal racemes ; wings of capsule rounded. h. honey from the flowers. The smooth, light, delicately white,
.
S. Native of the Island of Celebes.
and uniform wood is used for some domestic purposes, and by
Celebes Columbia. Tree 30 feet.
Cult. The species of Colúmbia will thrive well in a mixture
the carver, turner, and musical-instrument maker; it served
of sand and loam, and half-ripened cuttings will root freely in
Gibbons for his inimitable carvings of flowers, dead game, &c.
sand under a hand-glass, in heat,
so often seen in old English houses, the duke of Devonshire's at
Chatsworth, choir of St. Paul's, &c. It forms an excellent char-
coal for gunpowder. An ancient lime-tree of great magnitude,
XIII. TI’LIA (an obscure name, the etymology of which is which grew where the ancestors of Linnæus had long resided,
entirely unknown ; in Dutch and Swedish it is called Linden, in is said to have given them their family name, Linn being the
Anglo-Saxon Lind., in English Lime-tree). Lin. gen. no. 660. Swedish for a lime-tree (Smith.) The famous kowno honey is
D. C. prod. 512.
made exclusively from the blossoms of this tree. Near Kowno in
S.
a

TILIACEÆ, XIII. TILIA. XIV. BROWNLOWIA.
553
11
Lithuania there are large forests chiefly of this tree. The honey the style; fruit globose, even. h. H. Native of North Ame-
produced in these forests sells at more than double the price of rica from Virginia to Georgia, in close copses, and on the banks
any other, and is used exclusively in medicine, and for mixing in of rivers. Vent. diss. p. 10. t. 3. Duh. ed. nov. t. 51. Michx.
liqueurs.
fl. arb. amer. 3. p. 318. T. Caroliniana, Mill. dict, no. 4. T.
European Lime-tree. Fl. July. Britain. Tree 60 feet. Americana, Walt. fl. carol. p. 153. Wats. dend. brit. 135. The
3 T. RU'BRA (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 150.) leaves cordate, leaves of this tree are much smaller than in the rest of the Ame-
unequal at the base, hairy beneath, as well as the petioles, with rican species. Flowers yellowish, and very fragrant, crowded.
a tuft of hair at the origin of each vein ; fruit globose, even. Var. B, leptophylla (Vent. diss. p. 11.) leaves very thin, with
h. H. Native of Tauria, and probably of Greece. In England a few fine serratures. T. Mississipénsis, Desf. hort. par.
This
in Ştoken Church woods, and at Malmsbury. T. triflòra, Puer. will probably prove a distinct species.
in Horn. cat. 2. p. 493. T. Corinthiaca, Bosc. dict. agr. 13. p.
.
Pubescent-leaved Lime-tree. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1726. Tree
139. T. corallina, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 229. T. 40 feet.
Europæ'a, b. rubra, Sibth. oxon. 166. T. Europæ'a y, Smith, fl. 8 T. HETEROPHY'LLA (Vent. diss. p. 16. t. 5.) leaves ovate,
br. 571. T. Europæ'a, Mill. dict. ed. 8. no. 2. Branches red.
Branches red. downy beneath, sometimes cordate at the base, sometimes ob-
Flowers fragrant. Petals yellowish. This is a good tree to
.
liquely or equally truncate; fruit globose, with 5 ribs.
h.H.
plant in avenues for effect as well as timber.
Native of North America on the banks of the Ohio and Missis-
Red-twigged Lime-tree. Fl. June, July. Britain. Tree 66 ft. sippi. T. álba, Michx. fil. arb. amer. 3. p. 315. t. 2. Perhaps
.
4 T. PLATYPHY’LLA (Scop. carn. no. 641.) leaves cordate, also of Hort. kew. A very handsome and desirable ornamental
roundish, acuminated, sharply serrated, downy beneath ; origin tree. Flowers yellowish, fragrant. There is a species cultivated
of their veins woolly ; branches hairy; umbels 3-flowered ; in Mexico which is probably identical with this.
t
fruit woody, downy, turbinate, with 5 prominent angles. H.H. Various-leaved or White American Lime-tree. Fl. June, July.
Native of Europe in mountain woods. In England in woods and Clt. 1811. Tree 50 feet.
, .
hedges, particularly in Surrey about Dorking and Streatham. 9 T. A'LBA (Waldst. et Kit. pl. hung. 1. p. 3. t. 3.) leaves
Vent. diss. p. 6. t. 1. f. 2. T. cordifòlia, Bess. gal. 1. p. 343. cordate, somewhat acuminated, and rather unequal at the base,
T. Europæ'a, Desf. cat. 152. Bull. fr. t. 175. p. 18. T. grandi- serrated, clothed with white down beneath, but smooth above,
fòlia, Ehrh. beitr. 5. p. 158. arb. 8. Smith, engl. fl. 3. Flowers very 4 times longer than the petioles; fruit ovate, with 5 obscure ribs.
fragrant. Petals yellowish. T. platyphylla is the wild lime-tree h. H. Native of Hungary. Wats. dend. brit. t. 71. T. ar-
of Switzerland and the south of Europe, as T. Europæ'a is in géntea, Desf. hort. par. and D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 150. T.
.
.
the north. Mr. E. Forster remarks that T. grandif òlia occurs rotundifolia, Vent. diss. p. 13. t. 4. Duham. ed. nov. t. 52. T.
in very old plantations in England, as frequently as the T. Eu- tomentosa, Moench. weiss. 136. Flowers yellowish, and very
ropæ'a, but not in modern ones. There are very large trees of fragrant.
it at Penshurst, and some at Waltham Abbey, the plantation of White European or Silvery Lime-tree. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.
which is of very ancient date. Mrs. Beecroft brought a speci- 1767. Tree 50 feet.
men from Blair of Athol, where are several trees near the house. 10 T. PETIOLA'RIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 514.) leaves cordate,
Some famous old trees of this species in the Church-yard of acuminated, twice the length of the petioles, serrated, smooth
Sedlitz, in Bohemia, are reported to have miraculously borne above, but white beneath from close pressed down.
hooded leaves ever since the monks of the neighbouring convent Native ? cultivated in the gardens of Odessa. Flowers yellowish.
were all hanged upon them.
Petiolar-leaved Lime-tree. Fl. June, July. Tree 50 feet.
.
Broad-leaved Lime-tree. Fl. June, July. Britain. Tree 60 ft. Cult. All the species are desirable for avenues and parks;
intermixed they will insure a longer succession of blossoms, and
2. Petals furnished each with a scale on the inside at the
base.—Mostly American species.
an agreeable variety, than any of them alone. The species will
grow in almost any kind of soil; they are easily increased by
5 T. GLA'BRA (Vent. diss. p. 9. t. 2.) leaves profoundly cor- layers, which should be layed in the autumn, but if seeds can be
date, abruptly acuminate, sharply serrated, somewhat coriaceous, procured this will be unnecessary, as trees raised from seed are
smooth ; petals truncate and crenate at the apex, equal in length far preferable to those struck from layers. In order to obtain
to the style; fruit ovate, somewhat ribbed. h. H. Native of proper shoots for laying,
proper shoots for laying, a tree is cut down quite close to
North America in the woods of Canada, and the northern United the ground, from the roots of which a great number of shoots
States. T. Americàna, Lin. spec. 733. Wat. dend. brit. t. 134. S. are produced the following year; these will be strong enough
Caroliniana, Wangh. amer. p. 56. T. Canadensis, Michx. fl. bor. to lay down the following autumn, especially if the smallest of
amer. 1. p. 306. Flowers yellowish and fragrant.
This tree them are cut off close early in the summer.
is known in North America by the name of Lime or Line-tree,
Basswood, and Spoonwood. The wood is useful, and the tree is XIV. BROWNLO'WIA (in honour of the late Lady Brown-
ornamental.
ti
low, daughter of Sir Abraham Hume, a great admirer of bo-
Smooth or Black Lime-tree. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1752. Tree tany.) Roxb. cor. 3. p. 61. t. 265.
p
.
50 feet.
Lin. syst. Polyándria,Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
6 T. LAXIFLORA (Mich. Al. bor. amer. 1. p. 306.) leaves cor- 5. Nectaries 5, linear around the style. Style and stigma simple.
date, gradually acuminated, serrated, membranaceous, smooth; Stamens numerous, united at the base, inserted round the apex
panicles loose ; petals emarginate, shorter than the style; fruit of a turbinate receptacle. Capsule of 1-5, 2-valved, 1-2-seeded
globose. K.H. Native of North America from Maryland to carpels. A tree 15 feet in circumference, with large cordate,
Georgia, near the sea-coast. A very distinct species, though acute, 7-nerved, smooth leaves.
generally confounded with T. glàbra. Flowers yellowish-white, 1 B. ELA'TA (Roxb. cor. l. c.) K.S. Native of the East
sweet-scented,
Indies. Panicle terminal, conical, spreading. Flowers yellow.
Loose-flowered Lime-tree. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. Tr. 50 ft. Tall Brownlowia. Clt. 1823. Tree 100 feet.
7. T. PUBE'SCENS (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 219.) leaves Cult. This is a tree of great beauty. It will thrive well in
truncate at the base, somewhat cordate and oblique, denticulately a mixture of loam and peat; and cuttings will root in sand under
;
serrated, pubescent beneath ; petals emarginate, shorter than a hand-glass, in heat.
VOL. 1. PART. VI.
4 B
h.H.

554
TILIACEÆ. XV. DIPLOPHRACTUM. XVI. MICROSTEMMA. XVII. MUNTINGIA. XVIII. APEIBA.
-
-
5
.
.
а
a
XV. DIPLOPHRA'CTUM (from dialoos, diploos, double, 1 M. CALABU'RA (Lin. spec. 728. Jacq. amer. t. 107.) leaves
and opaypos, phragmos, a disse piment; in allusion to the cells sessile, oblique, and semi-cordate at the base, lanceolate, villous
of the fruit being divided by transverse dissepiments). Desf. beneath, as well as the branches ; pedicels in pairs, or sometimes
mem, mus. 5. p. 34. t. 1. Kunth, maly. p. 15. nov. gen. amer.
.
in fours, axillary, 1-flowered ; sepals acuminated. h.s. Native
5.
of Jamaica on calcareous subalpine hills.—Jacq. amer. pict. p.
p.
334. in a note. D. C. prod. 1. p. 514.
LIN. SYST. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals (f. 81. t. 158.—Sloan. jam. 2. p. 80. t. 194. f. 1. Calabùra álba,
94. a.). Petals 5 (f. 94. b.), each furnished with a scale on the Pluk, mant. t. 152. f. 4. Flowers handsome, white, an inch in
inside at the base (f. 94. c.). Stamens numerous, free (f. 94. diameter, resembling those of the bramble. Fruit about the
d.). Style crowned by 5 aggregate stigmas (f. 94. g.). Cap- size of a cherry, of a dark-purple colour when ripe. Leaves 4
sules globose, indehiscent, 5-winged (f. 94. e.), 10-celled (f. or 5 inches long, and three quarters broad. Calabura is the
94. f.), cells divided by transverse dissepiments into 1-seeded
name of the tree in South America.
divisions. Seeds arillate, fixed to the sides of the cells. Em- Calabura Muntingia. Fl. June, July, Clt. 1690. Tree 12
bryo fleshy, placed at the base of the albumen.-A tree, with to 25 feet.
oak-like leaves.
2 M. GLA'BRA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 592.) leaves obliquely
1 D. AURICULA'TUM (Desf. 1. c.)
FIG. 94.
ovate-oblong, smooth ; branches compressed, smooth; pedicels
h. S. Native of Java. Leaves
axillary, 1-flowered, in pairs; sepals very blunt. h. s. Native
sessile, oblong-lanceolate, wrink-
of Brazil. Flowers white.
led, downy beneath, serrated to-
Smooth Muntingia. Tree 30 feet.
wards the top, obliquely auricled
Cult. These trees thrive well in a light loamy soil ; and
at the base. Stipulas 2 to each
cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
leaf, the 1 is of 2-rounded lobes,
They are handsome trees, and worth cultivating.
with a bristle-like appendage rising
between these lobes (f. 94. h.), the
XVIII. APEI'BA (a name given to Apeìba Tiboúrbou by the
other is of 1 round lobe on one
natives of Brazil.) Margr. bras. p. 124. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 538.
side of a bristle-like appendage
D, C. prod. 1. p. 514.-Aublètia, Schreb. gen. no. 889.-Oxy-
-
(f. 94. d.). Flowers rather larger
tándrum, Neck. elem. no. 1005.
than those of the Lime-tree, yellow-
LIN. SYST. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5, rarely 4-parted.
ish or white, solitary, axillary, and
Petals 5, rarely 4, unguiculate, rather smaller than the calyx,
terminal, pedicellate.
Stamens numerous, with short filaments and long anthers, each
Auricled-leaved Diplophractum.
ending in 2 leafy lobules. Style dilated at the apex into a funnel.
a
Tree 20 feet.
shaped, toothed stigma. Capsule spherical, depressed, coria-
Cult. This tree will thrive well
ceous, rough from stiff hairs or rigid bristles, 8-24 celled. Seeds
in a mixture of loam and peat; and
minute, many in each cell, fixed to the central fleshy receptacle.
cuttings will root in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in heat. -Trees or shrubs, clothed with starry down. Leaves broad,
entire. Flowers large, golden-yellow or greenish. Peduncles
XVI. MICROSTE'MMA (from pekpos, micros, small, and opposite the leaves, branched, many-flowered. The wood of
oteppa, stemma, a crown ; in allusion to the petals being smaller
στεμμα,
all the species is white and very light. The bark is fibrous
than the sepals.) Lab. aust. cal. p. 58. t. 57.
and tough, and fit for making cordage.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx of 5-6 sepals, per- 1 A. TIBOU'RBOU (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 538. t. 213.) leaves cor-
manent. Petals 10-12, shorter than the sepals. Stamens 30 or date, ovate-oblong, serrated, hairy beneath; calyx 5-parted ;
more; filaments connected at the base. Anthers kidney-shap- fruit 10-celled, densely clothed with bristles. h.S. Native of
ed, 2-celled. Capsule ovate, 10-12-celled, 10-12 valved. Style Guiana and Cayenne on hills, also of Tobago and the province of
simple, crowned by a 5-6-cleft stigma. Valves of capsule with Caraccas. Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. p. 110. H. B. et Kunth,
a dissepiment in the middle of each. Seeds solitary at the top nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 347.—Apeìba, Margr. bras. t. 124. Sloanea,
of the valves. Albumen fleshy.—A shrub, with terminal clus- Lofl. itin. 311. A. hirsùta, Lam. dict. 1. p. 208. Aublètia Ti-
ters of flowers and fascicled exstipulate leaves.
búrbu, Swartz. Petals dark-yellow. The tree is called Tibour-
1 M. SALICIFOLIUM (Lab. 1. c.) leaves oblong, tapering to bou by the inhabitants of Guiana.
both ends, almost entire ; stipulas wanting ; peduncles crowded, Tibourbou Apeiba. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1756. Tree 10 feet.
terminal. h.G. Native of New Caledonia. Diplophráctum 2 A. PETOU'Mo (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 543. t. 215.) leaves ovate-
salicifolium, Spreng. syst. app. p. 205.
oblong, somewhat cordate at the base, entire, hoary beneath ;
Willow-leaved Microstemma. Tree 16 feet.
calyx 4-5-parted; fruit densely clothed with bristles, 18 or 20-
Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of peat and celled. h.s. Native of Guiana in the woods of Sinemaria.
loam; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass. Rich. act. hist. soc. nat. par. 110. A. híspida, Gært. fr. 2. p.
121. Aublètia Petoúmo, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1156. Corolla yel-
XVII. MUNTI'NGIA (in honour of Abraham Munting, once low. The tree is called Petoumo by the Caribbees.
professor of botany in the university of Groningen, died in 1682, Petoumo Apeiba. Aug. Oct. Clt.
Aug. Oct. Clt. 1817. Tree 40 feet.
author of several botanical works.) Lin. gen. no. 651. D. C. 3 A. ULMIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 347.)
prod. 1. p. 514. Gært. fruct. 1. t. 59.
leaves elliptical-oblong, somewhat acuminated, rounded at the
Lin. Syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-7-parted, de- base, sharply toothed, downy above, but clothed with very fine
ciduous. Petals 5-7. Stamens numerous, unconnected. Ovary cobwebbed rusty tomentum beneath. h.s. Native of South
sessile, globose, surrounded with many hairs at the base, crown- America on the banks of the river Orinoco. Corolla yellow.
ed by a sessile, permanent, rayed stigma. Berry 5-celled, many- Resembles A. Petoúmo.
seeded. Seeds small, imbedded in pulp. Embryo small. --- Elm-leaved Apeiba. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
Trees, allied to Apeìba, with oblique, alternate, serrated leaves, 4 A. A’SPERA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 545. t. 216.) leaves ovate-
and large axillary flowers, rising in twos or threes above the axils oblong, somewhat cordate, quite entire, smooth; calyx 4-5-
of the leaves. Pedicels bracteate at the base.
parted ; fruct 8-10-celled, muricated with short conical pu-
-
1

TILIACEÆ. XVIII. APEIBA. XIX. SLOANEA.
555
bescent tubercles. h. S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne, Toothed-leaved Sloanea. Fl. Aug. Nov. Clt. 1752. Tree
where it is called Petoumo, Lam. ill. t. 470. f. 3. Gært. fruct. 50 feet.
2. p. 188. t. 121. Aublètia áspera, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1156. . 2 S. NI'TIDA ; leaves broad-lanceolate, acute, shining, entire ;
Corolla yellow.
stipulas deciduous; peduncles pubescent, terminal, usually 3 or
Rough-fruited Apeiba. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. Tree 4 together, 1-flowered, furnished with 2 opposite bracteas in
30 to 40 feet.
the middle; capsule thickly beset with straight, purple bristles ;
5 A. ECHINA'TA (Gært. fr. 2. p. 189. t. 121.) leaves ? fruit calyx 4-cleft.'h. S. Native of Guiana. Peduncles some-
muricated, with long, pyramidal, and very smooth tubercles, times 2-flowered, rising from the bracteas. Leaves very long
8-10-celled. h.s. Native of South America.
and coriaceous. (v. s. herb. Lamb.)
Echinated-fruited Apeiba. Tree.
Shiny-leaved Sloanea. Tree 50 feet.
6 A. LÆ'VIS ; leaves ovate-oblong, entire, acuminated, smooth, 3 S. PLUMIE'Ri; leaves cordate at the base, sinuately
on long petioles; peduncles axillary, opposite the leaves, and toothed ; stipulas serrated. h. S. Native of St. Domingo.
terminal, constituting a terminal, many-flowered corymbose Plum. icon. ed Burm. 240. t. 244. f. 1. Flowers large.
panicle ; petals and sepals 4. h. S. Native of Guiana. Plumier's Sloanea. Tree 50 feet.
Flowers apparently red. (v. s. herb. Lamb.)
Smoothed-leaved Apeiba. Shrub 12 feet.
SECT. II. GyNÓSTOMA (from yuvn, gyne, a female, and
7 A. GLA'BRA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 541. t. 214.) leaves ovate- otopa, stoma, a mouth ; in allusion to the stigma being perfo-
oblong, acuminated, quite entire, smooth; calyx 5-parted ; fruit - rated). D. C. prod. 1. p. 515. Calyx 5-parted, with equal
.
scabrous, 8-10-celled. H.S. Native of Cayenne and Guiana lobes. Torus thickened. Anthers hairy on the outside. Style
where the inhabitants call it Ivouyra. They use pieces of the awl-shaped. Stigma perforated, scarcely toothletted. Capsule
wood rounded and pointed to produce fire, whence the Creoles 4-valved, covered with variously inflexed bristles ; valves open-
call it Bois de mêche. Aublètia læ'vis, Swartz. prod. 83. Willd. ing from the base to the apex.
spec.
2.
p.
1156. Petals blunt, greenish.
4 S. MASSÒNI (Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 938.) leaves cor-
Smooth-leaved Apeiba. Fl. May,
Fl. May, July. Clt. 1817. Tree
Clt. 1817. Tree date, elliptical, obtuse, entire, or toothed; stipulas linear, ser-
10 to 15 feet.
rated. n. S. Native of the West India Islands. Leaves
8 A. DISCOLOR (Spreng. neu, entd. 2. p. 166. under Aub- more than a foot long. Racemes axillary, nodding towards the
lètia) leaves ovate-oblong, quite entire, ħairy beneath, 2-co- ends of the branches. Flowers smaller than those of the pre-
loured ; anthers bristly at the apex ; fruit covered with bristles. ceding species.
Two-coloured-leaved Apeiba. Tree 20 feet.
Masson's Sloanea. Tree 50 feet.
Cult. Apeìba is a genus of trees with fine broad leaves and
largish usually yellow flowers. The species will thrive well in Sect. III. MYRIOCHÆ'TA (from pvpios, myrios, an indefinite
a mixture of loam and peat. The best way of bringing them number, and xairn, chaite, the hair of the head; in allusion to
into flower in this country is by cutting a ring round the bark of the capsule being covered with innumerable stiff hairs). D. C.
a large branch ; by this means the growth is stopped. The prod. 1. p. 515. Calyx 5-parted, with 1 of the lobes smaller than
;
cuttings must be taken off when well ripened, and they should the rest. Torus villous.
Torus villous. Style short. Stigmas 4-5, simple.
be planted in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. The glass they
The glass they Capsules 4-5-celled, 4-5-valved, covered with crowded stiff
are planted under should be tilted occasionally, so as to give a bristles.
little air to the cuttings, otherwise they are apt to damp off. 5 S. SINEMARIE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 534. t. 212.) leaves
roundish-ovate, entire; stipulas long, acuminated, deciduous.
XIX. SLOANEA (in honour of Sir Hans Sloane, once Pre- R.S. Native of Guiana and the West India Islands, particu-
sident of the Royal Society, founder of the British Museum, larly St. Christophe
larly St. Christopher. Lam. ill. t. 469. S. Aublètii, Swartz,
and Chelsea Botanical Garden, author of a history of Jamaica, fi, ind. occid. p. 490. Wood compact and red. Leaves a foot
died in 1753). Plum. gen. t. 15. D. C. prod. 1. p. 515. long. Racemes axillary, each peduncle with a single flower,
LIN. SYST. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4-7 lanceo- shorter than the petioles. Flowers small.
Flowers small. This tree is pro-
late-linear sepals, which are velvety on the outside and coloured bably a species of Āblània.
on the inside, sometimes they are connected at the base and Sinemaria Sloanea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 50 ft.
sometimes almost to the middle. Petals wanting. Stamens
numerous, almost destitute of filaments, but with very long SECT. IV. OxYA'NDRA (from o&us, oxus, sharp or pointed,
anthers, which are terminated by a small point. Ovary 1, and avnp avèpoc, aner andros, a male, alluding to the sharp-
crowned by a filiform stigma. Capsules coriaceous, woody, pointed anthers). D. C. prod. 1. p. 515.
. Calyx 5-parted;
roundish, 4-5-celled, 4-5-valved, echinated from crowded some- lobes linear-lanceolate, acuminated. Torus small. Style fili-
what woody bristles ; cells 1-3-seeded. Seeds covered with form, long, simple. Capsule, judging from the ovary, is pro-
fleshy aril. Trees natives of South America, with large alter- bably destitute of bristles.
bably destitute of bristles. This is probably a distinct genus.
nate leaves, and each flower furnished with 1 bractea. This 6 S. CORYMBIFLÓRA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 516.) leaves ovate,
genus should perhaps be divided into as many genera as there acute, entire ; stipulas deciduous ; peduncles axillary, branched,
are sections.
corymbose at the apex, many-flowered.
Native of
French Guiana.
Sect. I. SLOA'NE A (see genus). Plum. gen. t. 15. D. C. prod. Corymb-flowered Sloanea. Tree 30 feet.
1. p. 515. Calyx 6-7-cleft. Style long, simple. Capsule 4-valved,
covered with straight or inflexed bristles. Seeds enwrapped in
Sect. V.? FOVEOLA`RIA (from fovea, a pit-fall; alluding to
fleshy aril.
the receptacle being honey-combed or pierced). D. C. prod. 1.
1 S. DENTA'TA (Lin. spec. 730.) leaves ovate, acute, bluntly p. 516. but not of Ruiz and Pav. A.
p. 516. but not of Ruiz and Pav. fl. per. Calyx 4-parted ;
toothed; stipulas cordate-triangular, serrated. h. S. Native lobes ovate-lanceolate, bluntish. Torus distinctly foveolate.
of South America. Castànea Sloànea, Mill. dict. S. grandi-
S. grandi- Stamens with longish hairy filaments, and elongated, downy,
flòra, Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 2. S. Plumièrii, Aubl. guian. 1. hardly acute anthers. Ovary ovate, villous. Style villous at
p. 536. Flowers large.
the base. Stigmas 3. This is perhaps a distinct genus. .
a
h. s.
.
4 B 2

a
556 TILIACEÆ. XX. ESENBECKIA. XXI. ABLANIA. XXII. GYROSTEMON.
XXII. GYROSTEMON. XXIII. CHRISTIANA. XXIV. LUHEA.
7 S. BERTERIA'NA (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 516.) leaves cotyledons linear, parallel. Smooth, branching shrubs from
.
ovate, tapering to both ends ; petioles tumid at the base and New Holland. Probably more nearly allied to Malvàceæ or
top; racemes few-flowered, rather shorter than the petioles. Euphorbiàceæ.
h.s. Native of St. Domingo. Rheèdia lateriflòra, Bert. in i G. RAMULÒSUM (Desf. mem. mus. 6. p. 17. t. 6.) leaves
litt. Flowers small.
linear, almost sessile. h. G.
h. G. Native of New Holland on the
Bertero's Sloanea. Tree 40 feet.
sterile islands. Male flowers pale-yellow. This shrub resembles
Cult. A genus of fine trees with large leaves. They thrive a species of Ephedra when dry. Flowers solitary, axillary.
best in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will Branched Gyrostemon. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat.
2 G. COTINITÒLIUM (Desf, mem. mus. 8. p. 116. t. 10.) leaves
ovate, roundish, stalked. h. G. Native of New Holland at a
XX. ESENBECKIA (in honour of Nees Von Esenbeck, place called Baye des chiens marins. Flowers in racemes.
Professor of Botany at Bonn on the Rhine, author of numerous Cotinus-leaved Gyrostemon. Shrub 6 feet.
botanical memoirs).
Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam,
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 1-leaved, tur-
LIN
peat and sand; and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a
;
binate before flowering, at length saucer-formed, girded by a hand-glass.
3-parted deciduous involucel. Petals 5. Stamens numerous,
free ; anthers twin. Style 1, crowned by a capitate, 5-angled
stigma. Capsule woody, 5-angled, 5-valved ; valves with a XXIII. CHRISTIANA (in memory of Christian Smith or
dissepiment in the middle of each, and covered on the outside Schmidt, M. D., a young Norwegian botanist of great promise,
with stiff bristles. Seeds 3-6 in each cell, adhering to the dis-
who went out with Captain Tuckey in his unfortunate expedi-
sepiment. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight. Cotyledons
tion to explore the Congo river, on the south-western coast of
leafy. A tall tree 120 feet high, with alternate, oval, retuse
Africa, where he died, as well as most of the officers and crews).
quite entire leaves, and lateral many-flowered peduncles.
R. Br. congo. p. 9. D. C. prod. 1. p. 516.
1 E. ALTISSIMA (Blum. 1. c.). h.s. Native of Java. Thes- Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-lobed. Pe-
LINSYST
pèsia altíssima, Spreng. syst. app. p. 257.
tals 5. Stamens indefinite. Capsules 5, capsular, 1-seeded,
Tallest Esenbeckia. Tree 120 feet.
connected at the base. This genus is hardly known. It is
Cult. This tree should be propagated and cultivated in the
allied to Ventenàtia.
same manner as that recommended for Sloànea.
1 C. AFRICA`NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 516.). Þ.S. Native of
Africa at the river Congo, where it was detected by the unfor-
XXI. ABLA'NIA (A. Guianensis is named Goulougou-ablani
tunate Christian Smith.
by the Caribbees in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 585. t. 234.
African Christiana. Shrub.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 516. Trichocarpus, Schreb. gen. no. 923.
Cult. If ever this shrub should be introduced into Europe,
LIN. syst. Polyandria, Digýnia. Calyx 4-5-parted (pro-
we would recommend its being grown in a mixture of loam, peat
bably valvate in the bud). Petals wanting. Stamens numerous,
and sand ; and ripened cuttings will probably root in sand, under
with unconnected filaments and roundish anthers. Ovary ovate.
a hand-glass, in heat.
Styles 2, bifid. Capsules 4-valved, 1-celled; valves covered on
the outside with stiff bristles. Seeds numerous, covered with XXIV. LUHE'A (in honour of Charles Van der Luhe, a
aril, fixed to the free placenta. A genus not sufficiently German botanist, who has wrote on the plants of the Cape of
known, but is allied to Sloànea and Bixa.
Good Hope). Willd. act. soc. nat. scrut. berol. 3. p. 409. t. 5.
1 A. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 585. t. 234.) leaves Luhèa et Alègria, D. C. prod. 1. p. 517,
.
oblong, waved; flowers corymbose. ñ.s. Native of Guiana
LIN. syst. Polyadélphia, Polyándria. Involucel short, 6-9-12-
in woods. Lam. ill. t. 479. A. laurifòlia, Pers. ench. 2. p. parted.
parted. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with an adnate gland at the claw
81. Trichocarpus laurifolius, Willd. spec.
2.
p.
1224. Flowers
on the inner side. Stamens numerous ; filaments awl-shaped, pilose
corymbose, axillary.
at the base, and are joined at the bottom into 5 bundles. Stamen
Guiana Ablania. Tree 50 feet.
scales, or nectaries 5, pencilled or fringed ; anthers roundish,
2 A. DIGITA'TA (Spreng. syst. append. p. 210.) leaves digi- 2-celled, at length versatile. Style thick, gradually dilated from
tate, smooth, shining above ; leaflets oblong, serrulate ; flowers the base to the apex. Stigma 5-lobed, perforated, papillose.
-
corymbose. h.s. Native of Brazil at Rio Grande.
Capsules 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-valved, with a dissepiment in the
Digitate-leaved Ablania Tree 40 feet.
middle of each valve, few or many-seeded. Seeds disposed in
Cult. These fine trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam
2 rows on the margins of the dissepiments, winged at the apex.
and peat; and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-
Albumen fleshy. Cotyledons leafy. This is a fine genus of
.
glass, in heat.
trees, allied on the one side to Grèvia and on the other to
Apeìba. Leaves alternate, distich, on short footstalks with
pro-
XXII. GYROSTE'MON (from yupos, gyros, a circle, ornuwv, minent nerves beneath. Flowers sometimes solitary, terminal,
stemon, a stamen; in allusion to the stamens being twisted round but usually dichotomously branched ; cymes axillary and ter-
each other in a circular manner). Desf. mem. mus. 6. p.
16. minal, frequently panicled and racemose. Bracteas under the
and 8. p. 115. D. C. prod. 1. p. 516.
forks. Pili stellate. Calyx valvate, and petals twisted in æsti-
LIN. SYST. Dioècia, Polyándria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx
.
Flowers dioecious. Calyx vation. Corolla white, rarely red.
spreading, 6-7-lobed. Petals wanting. Stamens in the male 1 L. SPECIÒSA (Willd. I. c. and spec. 3. p. 1434.) leaves ovate.
.
flowers numerous, twisted about each other; filaments wanting; blunt, unequally toothed, smooth above and hoary beneath, 3-
anthers 4-lobed, 2-celled, seated on a naked receptacle. Ova- nerved; racemes terminal, simple, few-flowered. F.S. Na-
ries in the female flowers 20-40, disposed in a whorl around tive of Brazil. Flowers white.
the central axis, each bearing 1 style.. Carpels capsular, mem- Shewy Luhea. Tree 30 feet.
branous, 2-valved, 1-seeded. Seeds incurved, transversely 2 L. DENSIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 294.) leaves broad-
striated, adhering to the upper part of the free central axis of the obovate, short-acuminate, quite entire at the base, pale-rufes-
fruit. Embryo incurved, placed at the base of a horny albumen; cent beneath ; flowers disposed as if they were in a crowded

TILIACEÆ. XXIV. LUHEA. XXV. MOLLIA. XXVI. VATICA. XXVII. ESPERA.
557
panicle, each flower on a short, thick pedicel ; outer calyx 9- 10 L. RUFE'SCENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 293. t. 293. A.) leaves
parted, with linear-lanceolate segments ; petals oblong, some- elliptic or obovate, short-acuminate, subcordate at the base,
what rhomboidal; stamen scales fringed at the apex. n. S. Na- rufescent beneath ; flowers loosely cymose, each flower on a
tive of Brazil. Petals silky at the bottom, but smooth, denti- long pedicel; outer calyx 9-parted, with linear lanceolate seg-
culated, and curled at the top.
ments; petals oblong, obovate; stamen scales fringed at the
Dense-flowered Luhea. Fl. Jan. Tree 10 to 20 feet?
apex.
h. s.
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas
3 L. GRANDIFLÓRA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 99. t. 59.) leaves Geraes. Petals white, curled, silky-pubescent above the base,
broad-ovate, somewhat unequal-sided, acute, unequally serrated, the rest smooth.
pubescent above and white tomentose beneath ; flowers panicu- Rufescent Luhea. Fl. April. Tree 20 feet.
lately cymose ; pedicels long, bracteate, and are as well as the 11 L. LAXIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 293.) leaves ellip-
calyxes covered with brown olive tomentum; segments of outer tical, short-acuminate, quite entire at the base, pale-rufescent
calyx cordate, acute; petals rhomboidal; stamen scales free, beneath; flowers disposed as it were in few-flowered lax ra-
entire, ciliately jagged at the apex. h. s. Native of Brazil in the cemes, each flower on a long pedicel ; outer calyx 9-parted,
province of Minas Geraes in mountain woods. Petals dilated at with lanceolate, acuminated segments; petals oblong-ovate;
the base, bearded at the claws, ending in a lanceolate-spatulate stamen scales fringed at the top. h. S. Native of Brazil in
white limb. Involucel 8-parted, (Mart.)
the provinces of Minas Geraes and Minas Novas. Petals white,
Great-flowered Luhea. Tree 20 feet.
pubescent and entire at the base, but smooth, denticulated, and
4 L. PANICULA'TA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 100. t. 62.) leaves
curled at the apex.
broad-ovate, buntish or acutish, cordate at the base; somewhat Loose-flowered Luhea. Fl. May. Shrub 10 feet.
unequal-sided, of a rufous-white colour beneath, unequally ser- Cult. Luhèa is a genus of fine broad-leaved trees with shewy
rated, floral ones smallest ; cymes at the tops of the branches dis- white or red flowers. They will thrive well in a mixture of
posed in a large leafy panicle, each flower on a short pedicel ; loam and peat ; and cuttings not too ripe will root in sand under
outer calyx 9-parted with lanceolate segments ; petals rhom- a hand-glass, in heat. All the species are worth cultivating.
boidal; stamen scales multifid even to the base, bearded. h.s.
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals with
XXV. MO'LLIA (in honour of L. B. de Moll, Counsellor
short fleshy claws and an obovate, subemarginate, rose-coloured
of State to the King of Bavaria, a patron of natural history).
or white limb, pubescent at the base. The inhabitants of Brazil
Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 96. Schlechtendàlia, Spreng. syst. app. p. 295.
use the bark of this tree to tan leather under the name of
LIN. syst. Polyadélphia, Polyandria. Calyx of 5 sepals.
Acoeta cavalhos.
Petals 5. Stamens divided into many bundles, disposed in many
Panicled-flowered Luhea. Fl. Mar. April. Tree 10 to 20 ft.
series, outer series divided into 5 bundles, inner one indeter-
5 L. DIVARICA'TA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 101.) leaves oblong minately joined. Style simple. Capsule 2-celled, 2-valved to
5
-
or obovate, unequal-sided, with a short acumen, unequally ser-
the middle, without a central column. Seeds awl-shaped, nu-
rate, but quite entire at the base, smooth above but hoary beneath;
merous, disposed in 2 series in each cell. A middle-sized tree
flowers dichotomously panicled; peduncles divaricate, cymose ;
with alternate simple, stalked, stipulate leaves, and axillary
pedicels short, thick ; outer calyx 6-parted, with linear, acute
aggregate stalked flowers.
segments; petals obovate; stamen scales dissected even to the
1 M. SPECIÒSA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 97. t. 60.) leaves ovate,
middle. K.S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul.
repandly-toothed at the apex, smooth, covered with small scales
Corolla rose-coloured ; petals obovately orbicular, broadish at
beneath ; flowers axillary, subcorymbose. n. S. Native of
the claws and covered with long, dense hairs, the rest smooth,
Brazil near the bar of the Rio Negro. Petals white, a little
yellow at the base.
shorter than the calyx, finely serrulated at the tip.
Divaricate-peduncled Luhea. Tree 30 feet.
Shewy Mollia. Tree 10 to 20 feet,
6 L. VILLÒSA (Mart. Al. bras. 1. p. 102.) leaves broad-ovate,
Cult. This tree should be propagated and cultivated in the
acutish, denticulated, equal-sided ; flowers panicled; fruit vil-
same manner as that recommended for Luhèa.
lous. H.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Bahia.
Villous Luhea Tree 20 feet.
XXVI. VATICA (from Vaticanus, god of the prophets,
7 L. CA'NDICANS (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 102.) leaves ovate-
which is derived from vates, divine. This tree is said to be
oblong, denticulately serrated, white beneath from tomentum;
flowers subsolitary. H.S. Native of Brazil in the province employed by the people of China in some religious ceremonies),
Lin. mant. 2. p. 152.
of Babia. Flowers white.
152. D. C. prod. 1. p. 517.
.
White-leaved Luhea Tree 20 feet.
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft; lobes
8 L. CA'NDIDA (Mart. A. bras. 1. p. 102.) leaves ovate-ser-
acute, probably valvate in the bud. Petals 5, hoary on the
outside, obovate-oblong, twisted in the bud. Anthers 15, ses-
rated, on short petioles, white beneath ; involucel 10-12-parted;
sile, ovate, 4-celled, 3 in front of each petal. Ovary 5-angled.
stamens a little joined at the base; stamen scales fringed, di-
vided even to the base. ħ. S. Native of Mexico.
Native of Mexico. Alegria Style 1, crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-celled ? cells
candida, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. prod. 1.
1-seeded ? Smith. This genus is not sufficiently known.
1 V. CHINE'NSIS (Lin: mant. 2. p. 152.). B.G. Native of
n
p. 517. A shewy tree with white flowers about the size of
those of a single rose.
China. Smith, icon, ined. t. 36. Lam. ill. t. 397. A shrub
White-flowered Luhea Tree 30 feet.
with angular branches, alternate cordate-oblong blunt quite
9 L. UNIFLORA (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 290.) leaves ovate,
entire leaves and panicles of flowers. The 2 outer cells of an-
thers terminated each in a spine.
acute, entire at the base, pale-rufescent beneath; flowers soli-
Chinese Vatica. Tree 40 feet.
tary on short thick pedicels; outer calyx 9-parted; segments Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree, and
linear-lanceolate; petals oblong, linear; stamen scales capil- ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass.
,
laceous. n. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio
Janeiro. Petals white, hairy and ciliated at the base, the rest XXVII. E'SPERA (perhaps from onepa, espera, the even-
smooth. This species appears to approach L. candicans. ing; application not evident). Willd. act. soc. nat. cur. berol.
One-flowered Luhea. Fl. Dec. Tree 15 feet.
3. p. 449. D. C. prod. 1. p. 517.
.

558
TILIACEÆ. XXVIII. BERRYA. XXIX. EUTHEMIS. XXX. XEROPETALUM. ELÆOCARPEÆ, .
his.
.
a
p. 516.
tate.
LIN. SYST.
Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, 305.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, finely
spreading. Petals 6, permanent, 3 times as long as the calyx. acuminated, sharply and minutely serrulated, the nerves reticu-
Stamens numerous, with capillary filaments and roundish anthers. lated, and uniting into 2 or more submarginal arches.
Style 1. Stigma 1. Capsule oblong, 4-6-winged, 4-6-celled ; Native of the forests of Singapore. Stipulas sublaciniate, and
cells 1-seeded. Seeds roundish, hairy. Allied to Humèria and deeply divided into filiform long teeth. Flowers not seen.
Sloànea according to Jussieu.
Very-elegant-leaved Euthemis. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
1 E. CORDIFÒLIA (Willd. 1. c.). . S. Native of ? А Cult. This is a genus of elegant shrubs, none of which have
shrub with alternate, stalked, cordate, quite entire leaves and yet been introduced to the gardens. A mixture of sand and
terminal panicles of flowers.
loam will probably suit the species, and perhaps ripened cuttings
Heart-leaved Espera. Shrub 5 feet.
will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
.
Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of turfy loam
and peat; and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, XXX. XEROPE'TALUM (from Enpos, xeros, dry, and
in heat.
metalov, petalon, a petal; petals permanent.) Raf. Delil. in
XXVIII. BE'RRYA (in honour of Dr. Berry, a friend of Guilliaud, voy. meroe. ex bull
. scien. nat. June, 1827. p. 256.
Roxburgh's, who first introduced this tree into the botanic gar-
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals
den at Calcutta). Roxb. cor. 3. p. 59. t. 264. D. C. prod. 1.
5, nerved, obovate, emarginate, rather oblique, and are as well as
the calyx and stamens permanent. Stamens about 20,5 of these
LIN. Syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals,
are sterile. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled. This is a very doubt-
ful
which are connected before expansion, but afterwards separating
genus.
irregularly, downy on the outside but coloured within, soon
i 1 X. QUINQUESE'TUM (Raf. Delile, 1. c.) ħ ? G. Native of
the north of Africa at Meroe. Flowers in panicled racemes,
falling off. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens numerous ; filaments
unconnected (or joined at the base); anthers small, 2-celled.
disposed in 2-4-radiated umbels.
Ovary 1, sessile, 3-winged. Style 1. Stigma trigonal, capi-
Five-bristled Xeropetalum. Shrub?
Capsule roundish, 3-celled, 3-valved, 6-winged, each
Cult. This plant will probably succeed well in a mixture
valve bearing 2 horizontal wings on the back, with a dissepiment
of turfy loam and sand ; and cuttings will perhaps root in sand
in the middle of each valve within. Seeds 2 in each cell, large,
under a hand-glass.
ovate-globose, covered with stiff hairs. A tree with broad, cor-
date, entire leaves, and spreading terminal panicles of small
ORDER XXXV. ELÆOCA'RPEÆ (plants agreeing with
whitish-yellow flowers.
Elæocarpus in important characters.) Juss. am. mus. 11. p. 223.
1 B. AMOMILLA (Roxb. cor. l. c.). K.S. Native of Cey-
h. S. Native of Cey- D. C. prod. 1. p.
519.
lon Branches round, smooth. Leaves alternate, without sti-
pulas, stalked, ovate, acuminate, entire, smooth, 7-nerved at
Calyx of 4-5 sepals, naked on the outside. Sepals valvate in
the base. Amomilla is the Cingalese name of the tree.
the bud. Petals 4-5, hypogynots, alternating with the sepals,
Amomilla Berrya. Clt. 1810. Tree 36 feet.
fringed or lobed at the top (f. 95. b.). Receptacle glandular,
Cult. This tree will succeed well in a mixture of turfy loam somewhat exserted. Stamens 15-20 (f. 95. a.); filaments short,
and peat; and cuttings will root readily if planted in sand or
unconnected ; anthers elongated, filiform, tetragonal, 2-celled ;
mould under a hand-glass, in heat.
cells opening at the top by an oblong pore. Ovary (f. 95. c.d.),
XXIX. EUTHEMIS (from evOnuwv, euthemon, neat or many-celled. Style 1 (f. 95. d.). Seeds 2 or many in each
pretty ; in allusion to the elegance and neatness of the shrubs). cell. Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect, with flat leafy cotyle-
Jack, in mal. misc. 1. Wall in Roxb. fi. ind. 2.
p.
303.
dons.-Shrubs or trees, with alternate, simple, stipulate leaves.
LIN. Syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx inferior, of 5-
sepals. Petals 5. Stamens 5, hypogynous. Anthers adnate, This order is very nearly allied to Tiliàcea, but is distinguished
bursting at the apex, with 2 pores. Style filiform. Stigma sim-
,
from it by the lobed petals, and the anthers opening by 2 pores
ple. Berry 5-seeded. Seeds disposed round the axis, enclosed
.
in a fibrous aril, albuminous, oblong, angular. Embryo inverse,
cylindrical, almost as long as the seed, with a superior radicle.-
Synopsis of the Genera.
Small shrubs, with simple, serrated, alternate, stipulate leaves,
and racemes of flowers. This genus agrees with Tiliàceæ in the 1 ELÆOCA'RPUS. Sepals 5. Petals 5, jagged at the apex (f.
stipulate leaves and entire petals, but with Elæocárpeæ in the
95. b.). Anthers ending in bristles. Drupe containing 1-nu-
anthers bursting by 2 pores at the apex. .
1 E. LEUCOCA'rpa (Jack, 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, beautifully cleus, which is furrowed and wrinkled, 5-celled (f. 95. b.), or
spiny-serrated; racemes branched at the base; stipulas lanceo-
from abortion only 1-celled.
late, ciliated, soon falling off; fruit globose, white. ħ. S. Native 2 ACERA'TIUM. Sepals 5. Petals 5, fringed at the apex,
of the forests of Singapore. This is a shrub of uncommon ele- with broad ciliated claws. Anthers puberulous, destitute of the
gance and beauty. Corolla white, tinged with purple. Anthers
terminal bristles. Fruit unknown.
longer than the filaments, ending in a long point, which is a little
twisted.
3 DICERA. Sepals 4-5. Petals 4-5, 3-lobed at the apex.
White-fruited Euthemis. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Anthers 20-30, linear, each ending in 2 bristles. Capsule 2-
2 E. MI'NOR (Jack, 1. c.) leaves narrow-lanceolate, slightly celled ? cells many-seeded.
serrulated ; stipulas linear, ciliated ; racemes undivided ; berry 4 FRIE'sia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, 3-lobed at the apex.
.
red, angular, acuminated. . S. Gathered along with the
preceding. Corolla white. Anthers yellow, ending in a long Berry dry, rather stipitate, indehiscent, 2-4-furrowed, 2-4-
Anthers 12, cordate, oblong, acuminated, bursting at the top.
Smaller Euthemis. Shrub 2 feet.
at the apex.
a
celled ; cells 2-seeded.
3 E.? ELEGANTISSIMA (Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. vol. 2. p. 5 ACRONO'DIA. Flowers dioecious. Male flowers. Calyx of
acumen.

ELÆOCARPEÆ. I. ELÆOCARPUS.
559
.
4 sepals. Petals 4, linear, erose at the apex. Anthers 8-12, 5 E. OBOVA'TUS ; leaves obovate-oblong, tapering to the base,
linear, puberulous, destitute of terminal bristles. Female flowers obtuse at the apex, entire or serrated towards the apex ; racemes
numerous, crowded-flowered. h.S. Native of New Holland. .
unknown.
Flowers white, smaller than those of E. cyàneus.
6 VA’llea. Sepals 5. Petals 5, trifid, with 5 scales under
Obovate-leaved Elæocarpus. Shrub.
the claws, which adhere to the petals, and with a ring of glands 6 E. strictus (Lamb. herb.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, coria-
around the torus. Anthers 30-40, mutic, bursting at the top. ceous, tapering to the base, serrated, silky beneath ; racemes
Capsule 3-4-valved, muricated, 4-5-celled; cells 2-seeded. simple, axillary. h. S. Native of New Zealand. Flowers
crowded, white.
7 TRICUSPIDA`RIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, tricuspidate,
with a ring of glands around the 10-angled torus.
Anthers 15,
Straight Elæocarpus. Tree 15 feet.
7 E. MONO'CERAS (Cav. icon. 6.p. 1. t. 501.) leaves lanceolate,
mutic, opening at the apex. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, with cuneated at the base, serrated at the top; racemes axillary. K.
h
a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds few.
S. Native of the island of Luzon, and at the town of Bannos.
8? Deca'DIA. Calyx 3-parted. Petals 10, obovate, serrat- Ovary 2-celled? Anthers furnished with 1 bristle at the apex.
ed. Stamens 10, seated on the base of the petals ; anthers
Flowers of a rusty-red colour.
One-horned-anthered Elæocarpus. Tree 20 feet.
roundish. Drupe containing a 5-celled nut.
8 E. RugÒSUS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) leaves large, elliptic
or obovately-oblong, acuminated, abrupt at the base, repandly-
I. ELÆOCA'RPUS (from £lata, elaia, an olive, and captos,
καρπος, serrated ; anthers ending in 1 bristle each ; petals 2-lobed,
karpos, a fruit; the fruit is round, containing a nut furnished jagged; racemes simple, axillary. h. S. Native of Chittagong.
with rugosities, which has been compared to an olive.) Lin. Flowers large, white. Anthers with beardless valves.
gen. 665. D. C. prod. 1.
p.
519.
Wrinkled-leaved Elæocarpus. Tree 20 feet.
LIN. SYST. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-sepalled. 9 E. INTEGRIFOLIUS (Lam. dict. 2. p. 604.) leaves obovate-
Petals 5, jagged at the apex (f. 95. 6.). Anthers ending in oblong, obtuse, quite entire ; racemes axillary, longer than the
bristles. Drupe containing a rugged-furrowed, 5-celled nut, leaves ; flowers 4-cleft. . S. Native of the Mauritius.
(f. 96. f.) or only l-celled from abortion. Trees with white, Flowers white. Anthers beardless.
but not durable wood. Flowers small, usually fragrant; the Entire-leaved Elæocarpus. Tree 20 feet.
fruit is eatable, and the hard rugose stones are manufactured into 10 E. OBLÒNGUS (Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 2.) leaves ovate-
necklaces set in gold.
oblong, acute, quite entire ; drupe ovate-oblong, 1-seeded. h.
1 E.SERRA'TUS (Lin. spec. 734.)
FIG. 95.
S. Native of the Moluccas. Ganìtrum oblongum, Rumph.
leaves with glands in the axils of
amb. 3. p. 163. t. 102. Gært. fruct. 1. p. 202. t. 43. Racemes
.
the veins beneath, elliptic-oblong,
axillary. Flowers white. Fruit eatable.
serrated, acuminated ; racemes ax-
Oblong-leaved Elæocarpus. Tree 40 feet.
illary or lateral, drooping; fruit glo-
11 E. INTEGE'RRIMUS (Lour. coch. 1. p. 412.) leaves lanceo-
bose; nut wrinkled and furrowed.
late, quite entire; flowers axillary, crowded. h. G. Native
h. S. Native of the East Indies. a
of Cochin-china. Flowers sweet-scented, of a golden-colour.
-Burm. zeyl. 39. t. 40.
Ga-
Drupe black, somewhat ovate. This plant is cultivated in China
nìtrus sphæ'rica, Gært. fr. 2. p.
for the sweetness and beauty of its flowers.
271. t. 139. f. 6. Flowers white,
Very-entire-leaved Elæocarpus. Tree 20 feet.
but purplish before opening, sweet-
12 E. SYLVE'STRIS (Poir. suppl. 294.) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
scented.
serrated ; spikes almost terminal ; glands of receptacle 2-lobed ;
Serrated-leaved Elæocarpus. Fl.
drupe 1-seeded. ñ. G. Native of Cochin-china in woods.
March to Oct. Clt. 1774. Tree
7 Adenodus sylvestris, Lour. coch. 294. Branches spreading.
50 feet.
Flowers white, varying to red.
2 E. GANITRUS (Roxb. hort.
Wild Elæocarpus. Tree 20 feet.
beng. p. 42.) leaves elliptic-lan-
13 E. NI'TIDUS (Mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 41.) leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, repand-toothed, acumi-
ceolate, serrated ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves ;
nated, younger ones pubescent; racemes simple, lateral. ħ. S. stamens 15;. nut 5-celled, 4 of which are for the most part abor-
Native of the East Indies. Ganítrus, Rumph. amb. 3. p. 162. t. tive. K.S. Native of Pulo-Pinang. Flowers white.
101. Flowers white, sweet-scented.
Shining-leaved Elæocarpus. Tree 20 feet.
Ganiter Elæocarpus. Tree 40 feet.
14 E. ELLIPTICUS (Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 3.) leaves smooth,
3 E. PE'RIM-KA'RA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 519.) leaves ovate- glandless; calyxes acute; ovary globose, with 5 little scales at
lanceolate, serrated; flowers racemose; fruit ovate; nut even. the base. his. Native of ? Lin. mant. 2. p. 401. in a note.
.
h. S. Native of Malabar.-Rheed. mal. 4. p. 51. t. 24. Flowers white ?
Racemes terminal. Flowers white, sweet-scented. This tree Elliptic-leaved Elæocarpus. Tree.
is called Perim-kara by the inhabitants of Malabar. Fruit 15 E. LANCEOLA'TUS (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1.
eatable.
p. 659 and 660.) leaves lanceolate, bluntish and remotely ser-
Perim-kara Elæocarpus. Tree 40 feet.
rated at the top; racemes axillary, longer than the leaves, nod-
4 E. cya'neus (Sims, bot. mag, t. 1787.) leaves oblong-lan- ding; pedicels longer than the petioles ; drupe oval; nut wrink-
CYA'NEUS
ceolate, serrated, netted with veins ; racemes axillary, close- led, and covered with recurved prickles. n. S. Native of Java.
flowered; fruit somewhat globose; nut almost even.
Flowers white.
Native of New Holland. Flowers white. Drupe blue. E. re- Lanceolate-leaved Elæocarpus. Tree 20 feet.
ticulàtus, Smith in Rees' cycl. ex Ker. bot. reg. t. 657. E. cyà- 16 E. OBTU'SUS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves obovate-oblong, bluntish,
neus, Lois. herb. amat. t. 237.
mucronately-serrated above the base ; racemes axillary, and are
Blue-fruited Elæocarpus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1803. Tree as well as the petals silky; pedicels longer than the petioles.
15 feet.
h.S. Native of Java. Flowers white. Like E. monóceras.
.
.
.
.
h. G.
.

560
ELÆOCARPEÆ, I. ELÆOCARPUS. II. ACERATIUM. III. DICERA. IV. FRIESIA.
a
.
.
Obtuse-leaved Elæocarpus. Tree 20 feet.
in full bloom. The green-house species are well adapted for a
17 E. MACROPHY'LLUS (Blum. l. c.) leaves oval-oblong, ob- conservatory.
tuse, rounded at the base ; repandly serrated; stipulas semi-or-
bicular, leafy ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves; fruit II. ACERA'TIUM (from a, priv. and kepas, keras, a horn;
oval, smooth. h.s. Native of Java. Flowers white.
because the stamens are destitute of the terminal bristles, which
Long-leaved Elæocarpus. Tree 80 feet.
are so conspicuous in the preceding and following genus). D.C.
18 Ě. GLA'BER (Blum. l. c.) leaves ovate or oval-oblong, prod. 1. p. 519.
obtuse, rounded at the base, mucronately serrated ; racemes Lin. syst. Dodecándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals.
axillary, nodding, exceeding the leaves in length ; petals fringed. Petals 5, jagged at the apex, with broad ciliated claws. Anthers
h. S. Native of Java. Flowers white.
downy, destitute of terminal bristles. Style 1. Fruit unknown.
Smooth Elædcarpus. Tree 20 feet.
1 A. OPPOSITIFÒLIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 519.). h.S. Na-
19 E. RESINÒSUS (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminat- tive of Amboyna. Leaves opposite, elliptic-oblong, rather pu-
ed, bluntish at the base, obsoletely serrated, with glands at the bescent on the nerves, furnished with a few mucronated teeth.
origin of the veins beneath ; racemes axillary, shorter than the Peduncles terminal, 3-flowered. Flowers white ?
leaves; petals fringed, villous on the inside.H.S. Native of Opposite-leaved Aceratium. Clt. 1818. Tree.
Java. Flowers white.
Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam and
Resinous Elæocarpus. Tree 50 feet.
peat, and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in
20 E. ANGUSTIFOLIUS (Blum. l. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, heat.
acuminated at both ends, serrulated above the base ; racemes
axillary, shorter than the leaves ; fruit globose ; nut wrinkled, III. DICERA (from dis, dis, double, and kepas, keras, a
somewhat furrowed. h. S. Native of Java. Flowers white. horn; in allusion to the anthers being terminated by 2 bristles).
Narrow-leaved Elæocarpus. Tree.
Forst. gen. t. 40. D. C. prod. 1.
1
P.
520.
21 E. FLORIBU'NDUS (BĪum. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acu- Lin. syst. Dodecándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 or 5 sepals.
minated at the apex, acute at the base, bluntly-serrated, coria- Petals 4-5, 3-lobed at the top. Anthers 12-20, linear, each
pus, very smooth; racemes axillary, nodding, equal in length to terminated by 2 bristles. Capsules (in D. dentàta, which is the
the leaves; petals fringed. h. S. Native of Java.
type of the genus,) 2-celled ; cells many-seeded. Shrubs with
Bundle-flowered Elæocarpus. Tree.
laurel-like leaves.
22 E. LONGIFOLIUS (Blum. l. c.) leaves oblong, acuminate, 1 D. DENTA'TA (Forst. gen. p. 80.) leaves alternate, oblong,
acute at the base, repandly mucronulate ; racemes shorter than serrate-toothed at the top; racemes axillary; flowers monogy-
the leaves, covered with silky down ; petals fringed. h. S. nous; capsules of 2, many-seeded cells. h. G. Native of
Native of Java. Flowers white.
New Zealand. Elæocarpus dentàtus, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 67.
Long-leaved Elæocarpus. Tree.
Eriostèmon, Col. hort. rip. t. 30. Filaments of stamens hairy.
23 E. STIPULA'RIS (Blum. l. c.) leaves elliptic-oblong. acumi- Flowers white. A rambling shrub.
nated, with the veins on the under surface pubescent; stipulas Toothed-leaved Dicera. Fl. July. Clt. 1818. Shrub 10 ft.
ovate, deeply serrated; racemes axillary, velvety-tomentose, 2 D.? SERRA'TA (Forst. gen. p. 80.) leaves opposite, ovate,
equal in length to the leaves; fruit oval. ħ.s. Native of Java. doubly serrated; racemes compound; flowers tetragynous ;
Flowers white.
berry of 4, 2-seeded cells. h.G. Native of New Zealand.
Large-stipuled Elæocarpus. Tree 60 feet.
Elæocarpus Dícera, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 67. Flowers white ?
24 Ē. TOMENTÒsus (Blum. 1. c.) leaves ovate, acuminate, Perhaps a distinct genus or a species of Frièsia.
roundish at the base, with bristle-like teeth, velvety-tomentose Serrated-leaved Dicera. Shrub 10 feet.
beneath, as well as branches ; racemes axillary, elongated. h.S. 3 D. CRASPE'DUM (Gmel. syst. D. C. prod. 1. p. 520.) leaves
Native of Java. Flowers white.
oblong, crenated, ending in a reflexed point ; spike subterminal,
Downy Elæocarpus. Tree.
crowded; flowers monogynous; berry of one many-seeded cell.
25 E. PUBE'SCENS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) leaves oppo- h. S. Native of Cochin-china in woods. Craspédum tectò-
site, oblong, pubescent, membranous, rather cordate at the base; rium, Lour. coch. 336. Elæocarpus tectòrium, Poir. suppl.
branches villous as well as the young leaves; racemes com- 2. p. 104. Perhaps a distinct
.
genus. Flowers greenish-yellow.
pound ; sepals awl-shaped. .. Native of the East Indies. The wood is used for building houses in Cochin-china, and the
Ovary villous, mucronate with the style. Flowers white, rather leaves for roofing them.
large.
Fringed-flowered Dicera. Tree 50 feet.
Pubescent Elæocarpus. Tree.
Cult. The species of Dicera thrive well in a mixture of
loam and peat; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a
hand-glass.
† Species only known by name from Roxburgh's Hortus Ben-
galensis, p. 42 and 92, but some of these are probably identical
with some of those described above.
IV. FRIESIA (in honour of Elias Fries, M. D. Professor of
Botany in the university of Lund; an acute philosophical and
cryptogamic botanist). D. C. prod. 1. p. 520.
.
26 E. aristàtus, Roxb. Silhet. 27 E. serrulatus, Roxb. LIN. SYST.
Dodecándria, Monogynia. Calyx
Calyx 4-parted.
Tinnevilly. 28 E. robustus, Roxb. Silhet. 29 E. lucidus, Petals 4, 3-lobed at the apex. Anthers 12, cordate-oblong,
Roxb. Chittagong. 30 E. lanceæfòlius, Roxb. Silhet. 31 E. acuminate, dehiscent at the apex. Berry dry, somewhat stipi-
tuberculàtus, Roxb. Chittagong. 32 E. pilòsus, Roxb. Mas, tate, indehiscent, 2-4-furrowed, 2-4-celled ; cells 2-seeded.
cal Island.
1 F. PEDUNCULA'RIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 520.). h. G. Na-
Cult. Elæocarpus is a very curious and ornamental genus tive at Cape Van Diemen. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, serrated;
of trees. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat; pedicels axillary, spreading, l-flowered, somewhat nodding.
,
1
and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass; those of Elæocarpus pedunculàris, Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 15. t. 155.
the stove species in heat. Seeds of some of the species will Flowers white.
ripen, if pains be taken to fertilize the stigmas when they are Peduncled-flowered Friesia. Clt. 1818. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
a
.
a

ELÆOCARPEÆ. V. ACRONODIA. VI. VALLEA. VII. TRICUSPIDARIA.
VIII, DECADIA. CHLENACEÆ.
561
Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of turfy loam 10 petals, which distinguishes it from all the other genera of this
and peat; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass. order). Lour. coch. 1. p. 385. D. C. prod. 1. p. 520.
.
Lin. syst. Polyúndria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-parted, per-
SYST
V. ACRONO'DIA (from acpos, akros, the summit, and vwdos, manent. Petals 10, somewhat ovate, a little serrated. Stamens
nodos, toothless; alluding to the anthers being without bristles 30, standing upon the base of the petals. Anthers roundish.
at the summit). Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 660. Style filiform.
Style filiform. Drupe containing a 5-celled nut. Perhaps the
LIN. SYST. Dice'cia, Octándria. Male flowers; sepals and stamens are inserted in the calyx, if so this genus is probably
petals 4, the last small and linear, erose at the
apex. Anthers referable to Rosàceæ.
8-12, linear, puberulous, destitute of terminal bristles. Female
1 D. ALUMINDSA (Lour. p. 315.). h.G. Native of Cochin-
flowers unknown.
china and the Molucca Islands in woods.-Rumph. amb.2. t. 100.
1 A. PUNCTA'TA (Blum. 1. c.). n. S. Native of Java. A Leaves alternate, lanceolate, serrated, smooth. Racemes almost
tree with scattered, lanceolate, serrated leaves, which are full of simple.
simple. Flowers white. The bark and leaves of this tree are
dots beneath and axillary simple racemes of flowers.
used by native dyers to heighten and fix colours.
Dotted-leaved Acronodia. Tree 30 feet.
Alum Decadia. Tree 20 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit this tree well, Cult. This tree will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat;
and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass.
moist heat.
VI. VA’LLEA (in honour of Robert Valle of Rouen, who ORDER XXXVI. CHLENA'CEÆ (from xlalva, chlaina, a
has given a commentary on the works of Pliny). Mut. in Lin.
cloak. The flowers of most of the plants belonging to this
suppl. 266. D. C. prod. 1.
p.
520.
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals.
order are furnished with an involucrum). Pet. Th. hist. veg.
Petals 5, trifid. Glands of receptacle forming a ring around
afr. austr. p. 49. D. C. prod. 1. p. 521.
T
the ovary. Scales 5, adnate under the claws of the petals. Involucre 1 (f. 96. b.) to 2-flowered, permanent, various in
Stamens 30-40 ; anthers mutic, bursting at the top. Style fur- form and consistence (f. 96. f.). Calyx of 3 small sepals (f.
rowed. Capsules 4-5-valved, 4-5-celled ; valves muricated,
96. a.). Petals 5 (f. 96. b.) to 6, hypogynous, broadest at the
spreading ; cells 2-seeded. Small trees with kidney-shaped
stipulas, and alternate, cordate, stalked, entire leaves.
base, sometimes they are connected at the very bottom. Stamens
1 V. STIPULA'RIS (Mut. in Lin. fil. suppl. 266.) branches,
usually numerous (f. 96. c.), but sometimes there are even as
pedicels and petioles smooth ; leaves cordate, blunt, bearded at few as 10 ; filaments connected at the base into a tube, or adnate
the origin of the veins beneath, as well as at their base; stipulas to the tube of the petals ; anthers roundish. 2-celled, adnate or
on short stalks. h.S. Native of South America at Santa Fe
de Bogota. H. B. and Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 350. t.
free. Ovary 1 (f. 96. g.), 3-celled. Style 1, filiform, crowned
489. Flowers pale-red.
by a triple stigma (f. 96. d.). Capsule 3-celled or only l-celled
Stipular Vallea Tree 14 feet.
from abortion. Seeds solitary or numerous in each cell, fixed
2 V. CORDIFOLIA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl.
per. 132.) branches, to the central axis, inverted. Albumen fleshy (ex Juss.) cor-
pedicels, and petioles hairy ; leaves cordate, acute, hairy beneath, neous (ex Pet. Th.). Embryo central, green. Cotyledons
especially at the base ; stipulas on short stalks. h.s. Native
leafy, waved. Little trees and shrubs, natives of Madagas-
of Peru in groves. Flowers white.
.
Heart-leaved Vallea. Tree 18 feet.
with alternate, feather-nerved, entire leaves; deciduous
3 V. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 350.) stipulas; and racemose and panicled flowers. This order is allied
branches, pedicels, and petioles clothed with rusty down ; leaves to Malvácea, according to Petit Thouars, in the flowers being
cordate, blunt, covered with rusty pubescence beneath; stipulas furnished with an involucre, as well as in the stamens being mo-
sessile. . S. Native of South America near Santa Fe de
Bogota. Flowers white.
nadelphous, but according to the opinion of Jussieu it is more
Pubescent Vallea. Tree 20 feet.
nearly allied to Ebendceæ and Simplocineæ, on account of the
Cult. The species of Vállea will thrive well in a mixture of petals being connected at the base, as well as in the seeds being
loam and peat; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand- albuminous.
glass, in a moderate heat.
Synopsis of the genera.
VII. TRICUSPIDA'RIA (from tres, three, and cuspis, a
point; in allusion to the petals being divided into 3 points at the 1 SARCOLÆ'NA. Involucrum fleshy, urceolate, 5-toothed, with
apex). Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 112. prod. t. 36.
D. C.
prod. 1. p. 520.-Tricúspis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 9.
a a calyx within it. Petals 5, conniving into a tube, with the
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Pe-
stamens inserted in its base. Capsule baccate, 3-celled, cells
tals 5, tricuspidate at the apex.
Glands of receptacle annular, 2-seeded, furnished with prurient villi on the inside.
10-sided. Anthers 15, mutic, bursting at the apex. Capsules
2 LEPTOLÆ'NA. Involucrum rather fleshy, cylindrical, small.
3-celled, 3-valved; valves septiferous. Seeds few.
Chili in groves and inundated places. Leaves opposite, oblong- capsule is 1-celled, 1-seeded from abortion,
HT. DEPENDENS (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c.). h. G. Native of Sepals 3, longer than the involucrum. Petals 5, conniving into
a tube. Stamens 10. Ovary 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded, but the
,
ovate, serrated. Pedicels axillary, solitary. Flowers white ?
1-.
Depending Tricuspidaria. Tree 20 feet.
3 SCHIZOLÆ'NA. Involucrum 2-flowered, not fleshy, fringed
Cult. See Vallea for cultivation and propagation.
(f. 96. f.). Sepals 3 (f. 96. a.). Petals 5 (f. 96.b.). Stamens
a.
numerous (f. 96. c.). Capsule 3-celled; cells many-seeded.
VIII. DECA'DIA (from deka, deca, ten; the corolla is of 4 RHODOLÆ'NA. Involucrum of 2 bracteas, which are pressed
VOL. I.-PART VI.
a
-
4 C

562
CHLENACEÆ. I. SARCOLÆNA. II. LEPTOLÆNA. III. SCHIZOLÆNA. IV. RHODOLÆNA.
V. HUGONIA.
f
na.
to the calyx. Sepals 3, concave, fleshy. Petals 6, urceolate. 1 S. ROSEA (P. Th. l. c. p. 43. t. 12.) panicles terminal; in-
Stamens numerous, connected at the base. Ovary 3-celled, volucre very large, irregularly
FIG. 96.
cleft. n.s. Native of Mada-
many-seeded.
gascar. Flowers red (f. 96.).
of A genus
allied to Chlenàceæ.
g
Rose-coloured-flowered Schizo-
læna. Tree 20 feet.
5 HUGÒNIA. Involucrum none. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, 2 S. ELONGA'TA (Pet. Th. l. c.
unguiculate. Stamens 10, monadelphous at the base. Styles p. 44.) panicles terminal ; invo-
5, distinct. Drupe containing 5, 1-seeded carpels adhering lucre 5-lobed, a little longer than
together.
the capsule. n. S. Native of
Madagascar. Flowers white.
I. SARCOLÆNA (from oapě oapkos, sarx sarcos, flesh, and
Elongated-involucred Schizola-
Tree 20 feet.
xlava, chlaina, a cloak; alluding to the fleshy involucre). Pet.
3 S. CAULIFLÒRA (P. Th. l. c. p.
Thour. l. c. p. 37.
d
racemes
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Involucre fleshy, 44.) flowers racemose;
, .
pitcher-shaped, 5-toothed, and covered with rusty down. Calyx rising from the trunk or larger
branches. h.s. Native of Ma-
within the involucre. Petals 5, conniving into a tube at the
dagascar.
base. Stamens numerous, inserted in the base of the tube.
Anthers terminal. Ovary 3-celled; cells 2-seeded. Capsule
Stem-flowered Schizolana. Tree 20 feet.
Cult. Schizolæ na is a genus of elegant little trees. The
within the large baccate involucrum, which is furnished with
stinging hairs inside. Albumen thin. Shrubs with decumbent species will thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat; and
branches ; younger leaves plaited ; adult
ones waved, appearing cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat.
as if they were 5-nerved. Flowers white.
1 S. GRANDIFLÒRA (P. Th. 1. c. p. 40. t. 9.) panicle few- IV. RHODOLÆNA (from podos, rhodos, a rose, and glaiva,
χλαινα,
flowered ; leaves acute, clothed with rusty down beneath ; in-
chlaina, a cloak ; flowers are red). Pet. Th. hist. veg. afr.
volucre depressed, scabrous from hairs. h.S. Native of Ma-
austr. p. 47. gen. nov. no. 56. D. C. prod. 1. p. 522.
dagascar. Flowers large.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Involucre constantly
Great-flowered Sarcolæna. Shrub 10 feet.
of 2 bracteas, which are pressed to the calyx. Sepals 3, con-
2 S. MULTIFLÓRA (P. Th. 1. c. p. 40. t. 10.) panicle crowded ;
cave, fleshy, clammy. Petals 6, large, urceolate, spirally twisted
leaves acute, rather pilose on the nerves beneath ; involucre in the bud. Stamens numerous, shorter than the petals, joined
rough from hairs, 3-lobed. ñ.S. Native of Madagascar. at the base into a short urceolus; anthers quadrangular, inserted
Many-flowered Sarcolana. Shrub 10 feet.
by the back. Ovary 3-celled, many-seeded. A climbing shrub
3 S. ERIOPHORA (P. Th. l. c. p. 40.) panicle few-flowered, with oval, acute leaves, which are pointed by the middle nerve
axillary; leaves blunt, free from longitudinal plaits ; involucre being drawn out ; 2-flowered, naked, axillary peduncles, and
very hairy. h.s. Native of Madagascar.
large scarlet flowers.
Wool-bearing Sarcolæna. Shrub 10 feet.
1 R. ALTÍVOLA (P. Th. 1. c. p. 48. t. 13.). h..s. Native
Cult. Sarcolæna is a genus of elegant shrubs; the species of Madagascar. Fruit unknown.
will thrive well in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat; and Soaring Rhodolana. Shrub climbing.
cuttings will probably root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Cult. This is a beautiful climbing shrub with large scarlet
flowers, well adapted for covering rafters in stoves. It will thrive
II. LEPTOLÆ'NA (from Nettos, leptos, slender, and xłalva,
well in a mixture of loam and peat; and cuttings will root in
chlaina, a cloak ; in allusion to the narrow fleshy involucre). P.
sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
Th. hist. veg. afr. austr. p. 41. D. C. prod. 1. p. 521.
LIN. SYST.
Monadélphia, Decándria. Involucre small,
† A genus allied to Chlenàceæ.
if
rather fleshy, cylindrical. Sepals 3. longer than the involucre.
Petals 5, connected into a tube. Stamens 10. Anthers fixed by V. HUGO'NIA (in honour of John Hugon, an English bo-
the back. Ovary 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Capsule girded by tanist, who published a dissertation on the systems of botany in
the scabrous involucre, 1-celled, 1-seeded from abortion. An
1771). Lin. gen. no. 831. Gært. fruct. 1. p. 281. t. 58.
elegant tree, with smooth, waved leaves, and corymbose flowers. D. C. prod. 1.
p.
522.
i L. MULTIFLÒRA (P. Th. l. c. p. 41. t. 11,). H.S. Native Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx naked, per-
of Madagascar at Foulepointe. Flowers white.
manent, 5-parted, or of 5 unequal sepals, which are connected
Many-flowered Leptolæna. Tree 20 feet.
Cult. See Sarcolæna for cultivation and propagation.
at the base, imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, unguiculate, al-
ternating with the sepals, twisted in æstivation. Stamens 10,
joined into an urceolus at the base at first, but afterwards be-
III. SCHIZOLÆNA (from oxiów, schizo, to cut, and coming free and filiform ; anthers ovate, twin. Ovary round-
,
x\aiva, chlaina, a cloak; alluding to the cut involucre (f. 96.g.). ish. Styles 5, distinct. Drupe fleshy, enclosing (5 ex Cav. 10
, (
P. Th. hist. veg. afr. austr. p. 43. gen. nov. no. 55. D. C. prod. . ex Gært.) 1-seeded carpels, adhering together, with a pendu-
1. p. 521.
lous seed in each cell. Embryo inverted in the axis of a fleshy
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyandria. Involucre 2-flower- albumen, with a short superior radicle and flat leafy cotyledons.
ed (f. 96. b.), fringed, not fleshy, at length expanded, jagged (f. Shrubs with alternate leaves, but they are usually crowded and
(
96. f.), clammy, conniving. Sepals 3 (f. 96. a.). Petals 5 (f.
. opposite near the flower ; 2 awl-shaped stipulas and 1-flowered
96. b.). Stamens numerous, with slender filaments (f. 96. e.) axillary peduncles, sometimes some of which are changed into
and adnate anthers. Capsule enclosed within the involucre (f. hooked spines. This genus is allied to Malvacea or Byttne-
96. g.), 3-celled; cells many-seeded. Elegant little trees, with riàcer, but the calyx is not valvate but imbricate.
ovate smooth leaves, and panicles or racemes of flowers.
1 H. MY'stax (Lin. spec. 944.) leaves oval, smooth, very
a
a
a
1

CHLENACEÆ. V. HUGONIA. TERNSTREMIACEÆ.
563
entire ; spines hooked, almost opposite. h. S. Native of connected together at the base, opposite the sepals. Anthers ad-
Ceylon and Malabar.-Rheed. mal. 2. p. 29. t. 19. Flowers
nate. Style crowned by a simple stigma. Albumen fleshy.
yellow. Fruit yellowish or red.
1 TERNSTREMIA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous,
Bearded Hugonia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. Sh. 10 ft.
in a double series. Anthers oblong, smooth. Berry dry, 2-5-
2 H. SERRATA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 149.) leaves oval-oblong,
serrated, adult ones smooth; spines almost opposite, hooked. celled, at length 3-5-valved ; cells 3-4-seeded. Seeds wingless.
ħ. S. Native of the Mauritius. H. Mýstax, Cav. diss. 3. p.
177. t. 73. f. 1. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers yellowish.
TRIBE II.
Serrate-leaved Hugonia. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1820. Sh. 10 ft.
3 H. TOMENTÒSA (Cav. diss. 3. p. 178. t. 23. f. 2.) leaves
EURYEÆ. Calyx furnished with 2 bracteas at the base, of 5
oblong, serrated, downy on both surfaces ; spines wanting. sepals or 5 lobes. Corolla 5-parted, opposite the sepals. An-
h.s. Native of the Mauritius. Lam. dict. 3. p. 150. Flowers
3
thers adnate. Style crowned by 3-5 distinct stigmas.
yellowish or white.
2 ANNESLEA. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla contracted at the
Downy-leaved Hugonia. Shrub 10 feet.
throat, 5-cleft. Stamens numerous, disposed in a double series.
Cult. The species of Hugònia will thrive well in a mixture
Anthers linear, smooth, ending in a long point.
of loam, sand and peat; and ripened cuttings will root freely
Berry dry,
in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
3-celled ; cells 1-3-seeded. Style crowned by 3 awl-shaped
stigmas.
3 Gee'RIA. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of 5-sepals. Corolla
Order XXXVII. TERNSTREMIACEÆ (plants agreeing 5-parted. Stamens numerous, adnate to the base of the corolla.
5-
with Ternstroemia in important characters.) D. C. mem. soc. h.
Styles 3-5, connected at the base, crowned by as many acute
nat. gen. vol. 1. prod. 1. p. 523.—Ternstroe'mia, Mirb. bull.
stigmas. Berry 5-celled, many-seeded.
philom. 1813. p. 381.
4 EU'RYA. Flowers polygamous. Sepals and petals 5, both
Calyx of 3-5, unequal, concave (f. 97. a.), coriaceous, obtuse,
concrete at the base. Stamens 12-15. Anthers smooth, tetra-
permanent, imbricate sepals (f. 99. a.), usually furnished with
2 bracteoles at the base. Petals usually 5 (f. 97. d. f. 99. b.),
gonal. Style 3-5-cleft. Capsule 3-5-celled, many-seeded.
rarely more or fewer, inserted on the disk, sometimes free (f. 97.
TRIBE III.
d.), sometimes connected at the base (f. 99. b.). Stamens
FREZIE'REÆ.
Calyx furnished with 2 bracteas at the base.
numerous, hypogynous (f. 99. d. f. 98. c. &c.), somewhat adnate
Petals free, alternating with the sepals. Anthers adnate. Style
to the petals at the base, free, or connate, rarely disposed in
crowned by 2-5 distinct stigmas. Seeds wingless. Albumen
bundles (f. 49. d.); filaments short, awl-shaped ; anthers erect, fleshy. Embryo rather curved.
2-4-celled, adnate or versatile. Ovary ovate (f. 98. d. f. 99.c.).
5 CLEYE'RA. Sepals and petals 5. Anthers hispid from re-
Styles 2-7, free, or more or less joined together (f. 99. f.). trograde bristles. Style filiform, crowned by 2-3 stigmas. Berry
Fruit ovate-globose, radiately divided on the inside into as many
2-3-celled ; cells 2-3-seeded.
cells as there are styles or stigmas (f. 97.g. f. 98. e. f. 99.c.),
6 FREZIE'RA. Sepals and petals 5. Anthers smooth, sub-
sometimes dry-baccate (f. 97. g. f. 98. d. e.), indehiscent, some-
cordate. Style 3-5-cleft at the apex. Fruit dry, 3-5-celled.
times capsular, dehiscent (f. 99. c.). Seeds few or numerous,
7 LETTSÒMIA. Sepals 7. Petals 5-6, inner petals narrowest.
fixed to the central placenta (f. 97. g. f. 98. e.), sometimes arched
Style short, crowned by 3-5 stigmas. Berry 3-5-celled.
(f. 97. h.), sometimes roundish or compressed. Albumen fleshy
or wanting. Embryo arched or straight, slender, terete, with
TRIBE IV.
oblong cotyledons, and an inconspicuous plumule, with a long
SAURAU'JEÆ. Calyx deeply 5-parted, furnished with 2-3
radicle, which is turned towards the hylum. The order is com-
bracteas. Petals alternating with the sepals, more or less con-
posed of trees and shrubs, with alternate, exstipulate, coriaceous,
nected together at the base. Stamens numerous, adhering to the
feather-nerved, undivided leaves, and axillary and terminal pe-
base of the corolla. Anthers incumbent, inserted by the back, not
duncles, bearing handsome, white, yellow, red, purple, and varie-
adnate. Styles 3-5, distinct from the ovary. Seeds wingless.
gated flowers. Caméllia and the cuts we have given will convey a Albumen fleshy.
very good idea of the beauty of the genera. The tea is well known
8 SAURAU'JA. Petals 5, joined together to the middle. Styles
to be one of the most useful plants in the world for its stimulating
3-5. Capsule 3-5-celled, 3-5-valved ; cells many-seeded. An-
influence in decoction upon the nerves, which is attributed by
thers bursting by 2 pores at the apex.
Cullen to the presence of a narcotic principle. The seeds of
9 APATE'LIA. Petals 5, joined together at the base. Stamens
Caméllia oleifera, and some others, yield a fine oil. Noronha
states that the fruit of a Sauraúja, found in Java, is subacid,
numerous, disposed in 5 bundles. Anthers bursting by 2 pores
in flavour resembling the Tomato, and that it is eaten by the
at the top. Styles 5. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded.
Javanese under the name of Koleho.
TRIBE V.
Synopsis of the Genera.
LAPLA'CEÆ. Calyx bractless, of 3-5 sepals, sometimes 5-
parted. Petals usually 5, distinct. Stamens numerous, free,
TRIBE I.
or connected at the base. Anthers adnate or versatile. Styles
TERNsTRÆMIE'æ. Calyx with 2 bracteas at the base. Petals equal in number to the cells of the ovary, joined in 1, crowned by
4 c 2

564
TERNSTROEMIACEÆ. I. TERNSTREMIA.
many-stigmas. Fruit 3-5-celled. Albumen fleshy or wanting. Embryo straight, with an oblong radicle, and leafy cotyledons,
Seeds compressed or winged, rarely cochleate.
which are wrinkled and plaited lengthwise, with an inconspicuous
10 CochLOSPE'RMUM. Calyx of 5 unequal sepals (f. 97. a.). plumule.
Petals 5, emarginate at the apex (f. 97. d.). Filaments free. 20 MALACHODE'NDRON. Calyx 5-cleft, furnished with 2 brac-
Anthers acuminated, 4-sided, opening by one pore. Style simple. teas. Petals 5, crenulated. Ovary 5-furrowed. Styles 5, free.
Capsule globose, 3-5-celled. Seeds numerous, cochleate, woolly Stigmas capitate. Carpels 5, capsular, connected, 1-2-seeded.
(f. 97. h. g.). Albumen fleshy.
21 STUARTIA. Sepals 5, connected almost to the middle, bi-
11 LAPLACEA. Calyx of 4-5 sepals. Petals 5-9, equal. Sta- bracteate. Petals 5. Style crowned by a 5-lobed stigma. Capsule
mens in 3 series, adnate to the base of the petals. Anthers kid- woody, 5-celled, 5-valved; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds wingless.
ney-shaped, 2-celled. Capsule 5-7-celled, 5-7-valved, woody; 22 GORDÒNIA. Sepals 5, coriaceous (f. 99. a.). Petals 5,
cells 3-seeded. Seeds winged, hanging from the central axis. adhering to the tube of the stamens, and connected together at
12 BONNETIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Anthers 2- the base (f. 99. d.). Style crowned by 5 stigmas (f. 99. f.).
celled. Style trifid at the apex. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved; Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved (f. 99. c.); cells 2-5-seeded. Seeds
valves bent in at the edges so much as to constitute dissepi- ending in a leafy wing.
ments. Seeds linear, winged at both ends.
23 BLU'MEA. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, obovate,
.
13 MAHU'REA. Calyx 5-sepalled. Petals 5. Anthers ad- free. Anthers almost sessile, disposed in a ring around the
nate. Style crowned by a 3-5-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-celled, 3- style, which is 5-cleft at the apex. Capsule 5-celled ; cells
valved; valves bent in so much at the margins as to constitute many-seeded.
dissepiments. Seeds minute, compressed, winged at both ends. 24 Schìma. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, connected together at
14 MARI'LA. Calyx of 4, rarely of 5 sepals. Petals 4-5. the base, and adnate to the urceolus of the stamens, unequal, one
Stamens numerous, joined at the base ; anthers adnate. Style of them is cucullate. Style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Cap-
crowned by a capitate 3-4-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-4-valved, sule globose, 5-celled ; valves with a dissepiment in the middle ;
3-4-celled, with the margins of the valves bent inwards so as to cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds ending in a wing.
form dissepiments, which are fixed to the central placenta. Seeds 25 POLY'SPORA. Calyx girded by some deciduous accessary
numerous, girded by a yellow fringe.
bracteas. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens monadelphous at the
15 VENTENA'TIA. Calyx 3-sepalled (f. 98. a.), deciduous.
base. Style crowded by 5 stigmas. Capsule conical, 5-celled,
Petals 11-12 (f. 98. 6.). Anthers adnate, 2-celled (f. 98. c.).
5-valved. Seeds numerous, imbricate, ending in a wing.
Capsule 5-celled (f. 98.e.); cells many-seeded.
TRIBE VII.
16 CARAIPA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, inferior. Anthers
fixed by the back. Style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule
CAMELLIE'Æ. Sepals 5-9. Petals 5-7-9, usually cohering at
3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds sub-solitary, compressed, inserted in
the base. Stamens numerous, monadelphous, or polyadelphous at
the large, trigonal, 3-winged, central placenta,
the base. Anthers versatile, 2-celled. Styles 3-5, connected at
17 KIELMIE'RA. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5. An-
the base. Fruit 3-celled, 3-valved, few-seeded ; valves with a
thers oblong, 2-celled, fixed by the back. Style crowned by 3
dissepiment in the middle, or bent in at the margins so much as to
stigmas. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved; valves bent in at the form dissepiments. Albumen wanting.
margins so much as to constitute dissepiments. Seeds girded by
26 CAME'LLIA. Calyx girded by some accessary bracteas or
a membranous margin, extended at both ends.
sepals. Stamens polyadelphous, or monadelphous at the base.
18 ArchitÆ'a. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens connate Valves of capsule bearing a dissepiment in the middle of each ;
into 5 bundles at the base. Anthers 2-celled. Style simple.
central axis triquetrous.
Capsule 5-celled, incompletely 5-valved. Seeds linear, rather
27 The'a. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5-9, in 2-3 series.
winged.
Stamens adhering to the base of the petals. Style 3-cleft.
19 GodòYA. Calyx of many deciduous sepals. Petals 5.
Capsule 3-lobed, 3-seeded; dissepiments formed from the in-
Stamens numerous, disposed in many rows, or collected into 5 flexed margins of the valves.
bundles. Anthers long, biporose. Style simple. Capsule 3-
Tribe I.
5-valved, 3-5-celled, with the edges of the valves bent inwards,
forming the dissepiments, many-seeded; seeds winged.
TERNSTROMIEÆ (plants agreeing with Ternstroe' mia in
important characters.) D. C. prod. 1. p.
Calyx with 2 bracteas at the base. Sepals connected together
TRIBE VI.
at the base, and opposite the petals. Anthers adnate. Style 1.
Stigma simple. Albumen fleshy.
GORDONIE'Æ. Sepals 5, free, or joined together at the base. I. TERNSTREMIA (Ternstroem, a Swedish naturalist
Petals usually connected at the base. Stamens numerous, mona-
and traveller in China, who died at Palicandre in 1745.) Lin.
delphous at the base. Anthers ovate, oscillatory. Styles 5,
fil. suppl. 39. D. C. prod. 1. p. 523.-Tonàbea, Juss. Toanà-
distinct or connected. Carpels 5, capsular, few or many-
beo, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 569. .
LIN. Syst. Polyảndria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 unequal
seeded, sometimes distinct, sometimes connected into a single sepals, furnished with 2 bracteas at the base. Petals 5, con-
fruit, with a dissepiment in the middle. Albumen wanting. nected at the base into a monopetalous corolla. Stamens inde-
523.

TERNSTREMIACEÆ, 565
. TernstREMIA
. II. ANNESLEA.
I. TERNSTREMIAa
a
finite, inserted in the receptacle, and adhering to the base of the 10 T. CLUSIÆFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
corolla. Anthers oblong, smooth, fixed by the base, commonly 207. t. 463. f. 1.) leaves oblong, obtuse, quite entire, covered
bursting lengthwise on the inside. Style simple. Stigma sim- with small black dots beneath; pedicels axillary, a little longer
ple. Fruit coriaceous or fleshy, crowned by the permanent than the petioles. ħ. S.
h. S. Native of South America on the
style, 2-5-celled ; cells 3-4-seeded in T. Brasiliensis, opening mountains about Popayan. Flowers white.
irregularly in 3-5-valves, with the valves seminiferous. Seeds Clusia-leaved Ternstroemia. Tree 30 feet.
oblong. Pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, furnished with 11 T. DENTA'TA (Swartz, prod. 81. but not of Mirb.) leaves
a scale at the base, and with 2 bracteas just under the flower. serrate-toothed, oval-oblong, or oboval, acuminate; pedicels
Hilum situated at the top of the seed. Albumen fleshy.
Albumen fleshy. axillary and lateral, a little longer than the petioles; outer leaflets
Embryo curved, with a long cylindrical radicle, and linear- of calyx ovate-lanceolate, acute.
h.s.
h. s. Native of Guiana in
entire cotyledons, pointing towards the umbilicus.—Trees or woods. Toanàbo dentàta, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 569. t. 227.
shrubs, with scattered coriaceous, entire or serrated leaves, Flowers yellowish.
with the petioles jointed at the base. Flowers axillary, soli- Toothed-leaved Ternstroemia. Tree 28 feet.
tary.—Species almost all American.
12 T. SALICIFÒLIA (D. C. mem. l. c. and prod. 1. p. 524.)
i T. BRE'VIPES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 523.) leaves quite entire, leaves serrulated, oblong, acuminated, almost veinless ; pedicels
obovate, somewhat emarginate; pedicels axillary, hardly longer 2-3, axillary, a little shorter than the petioles. ħ. S. Native
than the flower. h.S. Native of South America. Flowers of Guadaloupe in woods. Flowers yellowish.
small, red. Coll. hort. rip. t. 38.
Willow-leaved Ternstroemia. Tree 20 feet.
Short-peduncled Ternstroemia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Sh. 13 T. VENÒSA (Spreng. new. entd. 1. p. 162.) leaves serru-
2 T. PEDUNCULA`RIS (D. C. 1. c. and prod. 1. p. 523.) leaves lately oblong, veiny ; pedicels aggregate, axillary, a little shorter
.
quite entire, ovate-oblong, obtuse ; pedicels lateral, thrice as long than the petioles. nis. Native of Brazil. Flowers white.
as the flower. h.s. Native of the West Indies. T. meridio- Veiny-leaved Ternstroemia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1824.
nàlis, Swartz, obs. 207. Flowers small, white.
Shrub 6 feet.
Pedunculated-flowered Ternstroemia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 14 T. ? QUINQUEPARTITA (Ruiz, et Pav. syst. 180.) leaves
,
1818. Tree.
obsoletely-serrulated, obovate ; corolla 5-parted. h.s. Native
3 T. LINEA'TA (D. C. l. c. and prod. 1. p. 523.) leaves quite of cold parts of the Andes of Peru in woods. Stamens dis-
entire, oblong, rather acute; pedicels lateral, drooping, scarcely posed in 5 bundles. This is perhaps a distinct genus.
longer than the flower. h.S. Native of Mexico. T. meri- Five-parted-flowered Ternstroemia. Tree 20 feet.
dionàlis, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Flowers white. 15 T.? GLOBIFLORA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. 180.) leaves quite
Lined-petalled Ternstroemia. Shrub 6 feet.
entire, oblong; corolla globose, 5-toothed. h.S. Native of
4 T. SYLVA’TICA (Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 4. p. 221.) cold parts of the Andes of Peru in woods. Stamens disposed in
branches smooth ; leaves lanceolate, obtusely acuminated; brac- 5 bundles. Flowers white. This species, with the preceding,
teas ovate, acute, under the calyx ; petals not lined ; anthers will probably form a distinct genus.
apiculate. K.S. Native of Mexico. Flowers white.
Globe-flowered Ternstroemia. Tree 12 feet.
Wood Ternstroemia. Shrub.
16 T. RUBIGINÒSA (Jack, mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 39.) leaves
5 T. ELLIPTICA (Swartz, prod. p. 81.) leaves quite entire, ovate, spiny-serrated, hoary beneath ; stamens monadelphous;
elliptical, acute; pedicels lateral, twice as long as the petioles. flowers lateral and axillary, in bundles; peduncles and calyxes
h.S. Native of the West Indies. Flowers white.
covered with glandular hairs; fruit 3-celled. ñ.s. Native
Elliptic-leaved Ternstroemia. Shrub.
of Sumatra. Cleyèra rubiginosa, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 596.
6 T. BRASILIE'NSIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 298. t. 59.) leaves Rusty Ternstroemia. Tree 16 feet.
lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, obtuse, or with a very short 17 T. PENTAPE'TALA (Jack, mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 40.) leaves
acumen, serrulated ; leaflets of calyx roundish, denticulated; obovately-lanceolate, spiny-toothletted, smooth; flowers lateral
,
,
seeds spotted with red. h. S. Native of Brazil in the pro- in bundles ; peduncles smooth; fruit 3-celled. h.s. Native
vince of Minas Geraes. Flowers white. Petals shorter than of Pulo-Pinang. Cleyèra pentapétala, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 596.
the calyx, with erose margins. Fruit 2-5-celled.
Five-petalled Ternstroemia. Tree 20 feet.
Var. minor (St. Hil, 1. c.) leaves much smaller; flowers 18 T.? CORYMBÒSA (Smith in Rees' cycl. 35.) leaves opposite,
smaller ; segments of corolla smaller. In the province of St. elliptic, acuminated, entire ; panicles terminal, forked, corym-
Paul.
bose, many-flowered; calyx bractless. . S. Native of Guiana,
Brasilian Ternstroemia. Fl. March. Tree 15 feet.
Flowers white.
7 T. CARNÒSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 299.) leaves obovate, or Corymbose-flowered Ternstroemia. Tree.
obovate-lanceolate, nearly entire, rather scabrous above ; leaflets Cult. All the species of this genus will thrive well in a
of calyx unequal, roundish, quite entire ; seeds smooth, white. mixture of loam and peat; and ripened cuttings will root in
h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. This sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
species comes near to T. meridionàlis of Mutis. Fruit 2-celled.
Fleshy-leaved Ternstroemia. Shrub 10 feet.
8 T. MERIDIONA'lis (Mutis, Swartz, prod. p. 81.) leaves ob-
Tribe II.
ovate, lanceolate, entire, shiny on both surfaces; leaflets of calyx
unequal, denticulated ; fruit 2-celled. K.S. Native of South
h.s.
EURYEÆ (plants. agreeing with Eurya in the corolla
America. Flowers white.
being monapetalous, and the style being cleft at the apex).
Meridional Ternstroemia. Shrub 10 feet.
Calyx furnished with 2 bracteas at the base, of 5 sepals or 5
9 T. PUNCTATA (Swartz, prod. p. 81.) leaves entire, oblong, lobes. Corolla 5-parted. Anthers adnate. Styles crowned by
somewhat emarginate, denticulated, dotted on the margin ; pe-
3-5 distinct stigmas.
dicels axillary, much longer than the petioles. ħ.s. Native II. ANNESLE'A (in honour of George Annesley, Lord
of Guiana in woods. Taonabo punctàta, Aubl. guian. 1. Mountnorris, F. R. and L. S., who collected many plants on his
t. 228. Flowers yellowish. Fruit 5-6-celled.
travels in the north of Africa and the south of Europe, while
Dotted-leaved Ternstroemia. F1.Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 ft. Viscount Valentia.) Wall. pl. rar, asiat. 1. p. 5. t. 5.
p. 571.

566
TERNSTREMIACEÆ. II. ANNESLEA. III. GEERIA. IV. EURYA.
V, CLEYERA.
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx bibracteolate at the base. Stamens 12-15, in one series. Anthers smooth, tetra-
the base, profoundly divided into 5 nearly equal lobes, imbri- gonal. Style 3-5-cleft at the apex.
gonal. Style 3-5-cleft at the apex. Berry 3-celled, many-
cate in æstivation. Corolla monopetalous, 5-cleft, contracted at seeded. Seeds reticulated.- Asiatic evergreen shrubs, with
the throat, with the segments opposite the calycine lobes. Sta- axillary pedicels and white flowers.
mens numerous, distinct, erect, inclosed, disposed in a double 1 E. JAPO'NICA (Thunb. jap. p. 191. t. 25.) branches smooth ;
series on the receptacle. Anthers linear, smooth, adnate, end- leaves elliptical, acute; flowers axillary. ñ.G. Native of Japan
ing in a long point. Style 1, cylindrical, crowned by 3 awl- near Nagasaki. Flowers white.
shaped stigmas. Berry dry, globose, crowned by the calycine Japan Eurya. Shrub 4 feet.
lobes, 3-celled ; cells 1-3-seeded. Seeds red, hanging from 2 E. CHINE'NSIS (Brown. l. c. with a figure.) ultimate
the top of the central placenta, arillate. Embryo replicate, branches pubescent ; leaves oval-cuneated ; flowers axillary. .
cylindrical, inverted.-A tree with exstipulate, entire, scat- G. Native of China in the province of Kiang-si and Quangtong,
tered leaves, and axillary, fragrant, ventricose, yellowish-white in fields and on hills. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1213. Flowers white.
flowers on long peduncles. This genus approaches Cleyèra, Chinese Eurya. Fl. Feb. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 feet.
from which it differs in the linear, smooth anthers, while in Cley- 3 E. MULTIFLORA (D. C. l. c. and prod. 1. p. 525.) branches
èra they are hispid.
hairy ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminate ; flowers axillary, dis-
1 A. Fra GRANS (Wall. 1. c.) n. S. Native of the East posed along the branches in fascicles, usually beneath the leaves.
Indies in woods near Moalmeyn, in Martabania. Leaves oblong- Þ.G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers white.
lanceolate, obtuse, shining above, pale beneath. Peduncles Many-flowered Eurya. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 feet.
long, axillary
4 E. ACUMINA'TA (D. C. 1. c. and prod. 1. p. 525.) branchlets
Fragrant Anneslea. Fl. Jan. Tree 30 feet.
villous ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminate ; flowers few, axil-
Cult. A mixture of turfy loam and peat will suit this tree, lary.
lary. Þ.G. Native of Nipaul. Flowers white ?
and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Acuminate-leaved Eurya. Shrub 3 feet.
Cult. All the species of Eurya will thrive in a mixture of
III. GEE`RIA (Geer, the name of some botanist known to
loam, peat, and sand; and cuttings will root in sand or mould
Blume ?) Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 660.
under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
LIN. SYST. Dice'cia, Polyándria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx
of 5 sepals, furnished with 2 bracteas at the base. Corolla 5-
Tribe III.
parted, with rounded segments. Male flowers with numerous
FREZIE'REÆ (plants agreeing with Frezièria in the petals
stamens, adhering to the base of the corolla, and with a sterile
being distinct, and in the style being cleft at the apex). D. C.
ovary. Female flowers with a globose ovary, and 3-5 styles, which
are connected at the base, crowned by as many acute stigmas.
prod. 1. p. 525. Calyx furnished with 2 bracteas at the base.
.
Berry 5-celled, many-seeded. Seeds in 2 series, fixed to the Style 1. Stigmas 2-5, distinct. Seeds wingless, with fleshy
Petals unconnected, alternating with the sepals. Anthers adnate.
top of the central axis. Albumen somewhat cartilaginous. albumen and a somewhat curved embryo.
Cotyledons flat--convex. This genus comes near to Eurya, but
V. CLEYERA (Andrew Cleyer, M. D. a Dutch physician,
differs in the flowers being dioecious, not polygamous.—Trees or
shrubs, with alternate, serrated, exstipulate leaves, and axillary
once resident in Batavia). Thunb. fl. jap. p. 12.
Thunb. fl. jap. p. 12. D. C. prod.
1-flowered peduncles.
1. p. 525.
LIN. Syst. Polyandria,
1 G. SERRA'TA (Blum. 1. c.) ultimate branches tomentose;
Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-sepalled.
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, puberulous beneath ; flowers
Petals 5, unconnected. Stamens adhering to the base of the
crowded, axillary ; female ones pentagynous. n. s. 'Native of petals. Anthers hispid from retrograde bristles
. Style filiform.
ħ
Ternstroemia. All natives of Asia.
Var. B, sericea (Blum. l. c. p. 661.) ultimate branches silky;
1 C. JAPO'NICA (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 224.) leaves oblong-lan-
leaves puberulous on the nerves beneath. h. S. Native of
Java.
ceolate, veinless, serrulated at the apex. h.G. Native of
Serrated-leaved Geeria. Tree.
Japan near Nagasaki. Kæmpf. amoen. 5. p. 774. icon. Tern-
2 G. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Blum. l. c.) leaves narrow-lanceolate,
stroe'mia Japónica, Thunb. in Lin. soc. trans. 2. p. 335. Flowers
white or yellowish.
acuminated, serrated, silky beneath, as well as the ultimate
branchlets ; female flowers tri-pentagynous. Þ.S. Native of
Japan Cleyera. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
Java.
2 C. OCHNA CEA (D.C. mem. soc. his. nat. gen. vol. 1. p. 524.)
.
Narrow-leaved Geeria. Tree.
leaves oval-oblong, acute at both extremities, entire, veiny above;
3 G. GLA'BRA (Blum. 1. c.) branches smooth ; leaves oblong- peduncles 1-flowered, axillary, solitary or in fours, twice as long
lanceolate, acuminated, smooth ; flowers crowded, axillary. h.
as petioles. ħ.G. Native of Japan. Sakaki, Kæmpf. amoen.
S. Native of Java.
777. Banks, icon. Kæmpf. t. 33. Flowers yellow.
Smooth Geeria. Tree.
Ochnaceous Cleyera. Tree 20 feet.
4 G. OBOVA'TA (Blum. 1. c.) branches smooth; leaves ob-
3 C. OCHNOÌDES (Wall. mss. in herb. Lin. soc.) leaves cori-
ovate, entire at the base, retuse, and obtusely serrated at the
aceous, oblong, tapering to both ends, smooth, entire, obtuse or
acuminate; pedicels solitary or numerous, rising from a short
apex, smooth ; flowers few, axillary. ħ.S. Native of Java.
Obovate-leaved Geeria. Tree.
peduncle, drooping. . Š. Native of the East Indies. In
Cult. The species will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat,
the specimen we can see no trace of bracteas, and the calyx is
and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a
5-lobed, not of 5 sepals. It is therefore probably a distinct
moist heat.
genus. Frezièra ochnoides, Wall. l. c.
Ochna-like Cleyera. Shrub.
IV. EU'RYA (from evpus, eurys, large; flowers large.) 4 C. LU'SHIA ; leaves obovate or elliptical, quite entire,
Thunb. A. jap. p. 11. Browne, pl. chin. diss. p. 7. D. C. prod. almost veinless, and are as well as branches smooth ; peduncles
1. p. 525.
1-flowered, axillary, solitary, or in fours, smooth, straight,
LIN. syst. Polygàmia, Monce' cia. Flowers polygamous. twice as long as petioles. . G.
h. G. Native of Upper Nipaul at
Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, roundish, somewhat connected at Sirinagur, where it is called Lushi-swa. C. ochnacea.

TERNSTRÆMIACEÆ. VI. Freziera. VII. LETTSOMIA. VIII. SAURAUJA,
567
p. 85.
Var. B Wallichidna (D. C. prod. 1. p. 524.) Ternstroe'mia quite entire, clothed with silky down beneath ; berry 5-celled.
Lushia, Hamilt. mss. in D.Don, prod. 1. p. 225. Flowers yellow?
1
h.S. Native of Peru in groves. Flowers white.
Lushia Cleyera. Fl. June. Tree 20 feet.
Downy Lettsomia. Clt. 1823. Shrub 4 feet.
Cult. The species of Cleyèra will thrive well in a mixture of 2 L. LANA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. p. 135.) leaves lanceolate,
loam, sand, and peat; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under obsoletely serrulated, woolly ; berry 3-celled. h. S. Native of
a hand-glass, in heat.
Peru in groves. Flowers white?
Woolly-leaved Lettsomia. Shrub 4 feet.
VI. FREZIE'RA (this genus is dedicated by Swartz to A. F. Cult. Lettsòmia is a genus of beautiful shrubs. The spe-
Frezier, a French engineer and traveller in Chili and the South cies will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat; and ripened
Sea, who published his travels in 1716). Swartz fl
. ind. occid. cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
.
2. p. 971. D. C. prod. 1. p. 524.—Eròteum, Swartz. prod.
Tribe IV.
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-sepalled. Petals
5, broadest at the base. Filaments free. Anthers smooth, some- SAURA'UJEÆ (plants agreeing with Sauràuja in important
what cordate. Style 3 or 5-cleft at the apex. Berry dry, 3-5- characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 525. Calyx furnished with 2-3
celled ; cells many-seeded. American trees, with the habit of bracteas. Petals alternating with the sepals, which are more or
Laùrus. Pedicels axillary.
less connected at their base into a monopetalous corolla. Stamens
1 F. THÆOÌDES (Swartz, fl. ind: occid. p. 972.) leaves ovate- numerous, monadelphous at the base, adhering to the lower
lanceolate, serrulate-toothed, smooth on both surfaces ; pedicels part of the corolla. Anthers inserted by their back, not adnate,
solitary, 1-flowered. h. S. Native of the mountains of Ja- opening by 2 pores at the apex. Styles 3-5, distinct from the
maica. Eròteum thæoides, Swartz. prod. p. 85. Flowers white; ovary, but sometimes connected together at the base. Seeds
anthers yellow.
not sufficiently known.
Tea-like Freziera. Clt. 1818. Tree 40 feet.
VIII. SAURAU'JA (from Sauraujo, the name of some Por-
2 F. UNDULA'TA (Swartz. fl. ind. occid. p. 974.) leaves ellip- tuguese botanist, known to Willdenow). Willd. nov. act. soc.
tical-lanceolate, acuminate, serrated, smooth; flowers axillary, nat. cur. berol. 3. p. 406. t. 4. D. C. prod. 1. p. 525.
.
crowded. h.s. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Eròteum LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Tetra-Pentagynia. Calyx 5-parted,
undulatum, Swartz, prod. 85. Flowers white.
Petals 5, connected together to their middle. Styles 3-5, some-
Waved-leaved Freziera. Tree 50 feet.
times connected at the base. Berry furrowed, filled with a
3 F. NERVÒSA (H. et B. pl. equin. 1. p. 31. t. 9.) leaves lan- shining pulp, with as many cells as there are styles, many-
ceolate, toothed, smooth above, pubescent beneath ; pedicels seeded; seeds minute, angular. Albumen fleshy. Embryo
many, in fascicles. h.S. Native of South America in cold
linear, with short cotyledons and an obtuse, terete radicle.
parts of the province of Pasto. Flowers white.
American and Asiatic trees and shrubs with the habit of Laùrus.
Nerved-leaved Freziera. Tree 40 feet.
Leaves serrated. Flowers of all white, axillary and lateral.
4 4 F. SERÍCEA (H. B. pl. equin. 1. p. 29. t. 8.) leaves elliptic- 1 S. EXCE'LSA (Willd. l. c.) leaves oblong-obovate, acutish,
lanceolate, acuminated, serrulate, silvery beneath; flowers 2 or quite entire, scabrous above, hairy beneath at the veins; pe-
3 together, axillary, sessile. h.s. Native of South America duncles long, covered with brown hairs, trichotomously-panicled
between Quito and Popayan. Flowers white. .
at the apex. n. S. Native of South America on wooded
Silky-leaved Freziera. Tree 40 feet.
mountains in the province of Caraccas.
5 F. CHRYSOPHY’LLA (H. B. pl. equin. 1. p. 27. t. 7.) leaves Tall Saurauja. Fl. ? Clt. 1824. Tree 50 feet.
lanceolate-oblong, smooth above, villous beneath from golden 2 S. VILLÒSA (A. mex. icon. ined. under the name of Dàvya)
silky down; pedicels axillary, few, short. h.S. Native of leaves elliptic, acuminated at both ends, serrated from the
South America about Popayan. Flowers white.
middle to the top, villous beneath as well as the branchlets and
Golden-leaved Freziera. Tree 30 feet.
peduncles. h. S. Native of Mexico.
6 F. CANE'SCENS (H. B. pl. equin. 1. p. 25. t. 6. nov. gen. Villous Saurauja. Tree 20 feet.
amer. 5. p. 211. t. 463. f. 2.) leaves elliptic-oblong, serrulated, 3 S. PANICULA'TA (Wall. mss. in herb. soc. Lin.) leaves long,
hoary from down beneath; pedicels 1-2, axillary. . S. Na-
ħ.S. Na- oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, with spinose serratures, clothed
tive of the Andes of Peru. Flowers white.
with rusty tomentum beneath, with the midrib and petioles beset
Hoary-leaved Freziera. Tree 30 feet.
with bristles; peduncles extra-axillary, panicled at the top,
7 F. RETICULA'TA (H. B. pl. equin. 1. p. 23. t 5.) leaves shorter than the leaves. h.S. Native of the East Indies.
ovate-lanceolate, serrated, downy beneath; pedicels 3-5 toge- Panicled-flowered Saurauja. Tree.
ther, axillary, fascicled. h. s. Native of the Andes of Peru 4 S. SERRA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. under
near Almaguer, Flowers white.
Dàvya. D. C. prod. 1. p. 526.) leaves elliptic, tapering to the
Reticulate-leaved Freziera. Tree 40 feet.
base, acute, serrated, smooth ; branches, petioles, and pedun-
Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of sand, loam, cles velvety with rusty down. h.s. Native of Mexico.
and peat; and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, Serrated-leaved Saurauja. Tree?
in heat.
5 S. NIPAULE'NSIS (D. C. mem. soe. gen. 1. p. 421.) leaves
lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, smooth above, covered with
VII. LETTSO'MIA (in honour of John Cockley Lettsom,
brown down beneath as well as the branchlets; racemes many-
M. D. F.R.S. an English naturalist, who has given a history of flowered, panicled, on long
flowered, panicled, on long peduncles. h.s. Native of Ni-
the tea-tree, as well as a work on the means of preserving paul at Narainhetty, where it is called Tonshi
. Ternstroemia
objects of natural history, in 1772). Ruiz et Pav. prod. fl. per. racemosa, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 225. Tónshia polypétala
p. 77. t. 14. D. C. prod. 1. p. 525.
and Dillènia racemosa, Hamilt. mss. Leaves a span long and
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 7-sepalled. Pe- 2 or 3 inches in breadth.
tals 5-6, overlapping each other at the bottom, inner ones nar- Nipaul Saurauja. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1824.
Clt. 1824. Tree 30 feet.
rowest. Filaments free. Style very short. Stigmas 3-5. Berry 6 S. LANCEOLATA (D. C. mem. soc. gen. 1. p. 241.) leaves
3-5-celled ; cells many-seeded.
oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, very minutely serrated, adult ones
1 L. TOMENTÒSA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. 134.) leaves lanceolate, smooth, younger ones furnished with rufous scales at the nerves;

568
TERNSTROMIACEÆ. VIII. SAURAUJA. IX. APATELIA.
ħ. s.
peduncles axillary, about equal in length with the petioles, um- Pendulous-flowered Saurauja. Tree.
bellate at the apex. n. S. Native of Java. Vanalphìmia 18 S. CUNEA'TA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves cuneated, acute, serru-
lanceolata, Lechen, mss.
lated above, smooth; peduncles filiform, axillary, solitary, one-
Lanceolate-leaved Saurauja. Tree.
half shorter than the leaves, 3-flowered at the apex,
bracteolate;
7 S. NUDIFLORA (D. C. mem. soc. gen. 1. p. 241.) leaves calyx smooth. h.s. Native of Java.
obovate, rather acute, somewhat serrated, adult ones smooth on Cuneated-leaved Saurauja. Tree.
both surfaces; peduncles lateral, 1-flowered, solitary. h.s.
H.S.
19 S. MICRA'NTHA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acuminated,
Native of Java.
acutish or obtuse at the base, serrulated, strigose on both sur-
Naked-flowered Saurauja. Tree.
faces, as well as branches and peduncles; racemes crowded,
8 S. BRACTEOLA'TA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves oval, tapering to both axillary, and lateral bracteolate, shorter than the petioles ; calyx
ends, a little serrated, smooth ; peduncles lateral, simple, or smooth. h.s. Native of Java.
branched, and furnished with a few minute bracteas.
Small-flowered Saurauja. Tree.
Native of Java.
20 S. NORONHIA'NA (Blum. l. c.) leaves oval, acuminate,
Bracteolate-peduncled Saurauja. Tree.
obtuse at the base, callosely serrated, covered with strigose scales
9 S. SPADICEA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 662.) on both surfaces; peduncles axillary, crowded, 1-flowered, nod-
leaves lanceolate, acuminated, serrulated, smooth above but rusty ding; calyx smooth. n. S. Native of Java. Petioles and
beneath; umbels axillary, crowded, shorter than the petioles ; branches strigosely muricated.
calyx smooth. h.S. Native of Java.
Noromha's Saurauja. Tree
Chesnut-coloured-leaved Saurauja. Tree.
21 S. BLUMEA'NA (Spreng. syst. app. p. 210.) leaves oval,
10 S. BRACTEÒSA (D. C. I. c.) leaves oval, cordate at the acuminate, cordate at the base, setaceously serrulated, smooth
base, a little serrated; peduncles axillary, trichotomous; brac- above, but covered with brown villi beneath; younger ones
teas oblong, length of pedicels. h.s. Native of Java. covered with strigose hairs on both surfaces, as well as the pe-
Var. B? punctàta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 526.) leaves more ser- tioles and branches; peduncles axillary, trichotomously cymose,
rated, dotted on the upper surface with down.
shorter than the petioles, bracteate; bracteas broad-lanceolate ;
Large-bracted Saurauja. Tree.
calyx hairy. Ks. Native of Java. S. gigantèa, Blume, 1. c.
11 S. TRI'STYLA (D. C. 1. c.) leaves elliptic, acutish at both but not of Noronha.
ends, finely serrated, smooth ; petioles and pedicels covered Blume's Saurauja. Tree.
with little scales; pedicels axillary, simple, or trifid, disposed Cult. Sauraúja is a beautiful genus of trees, with fine leaves,
in bundles. n.s. Native of the Moluccas.
and rather large white flowers. The species will thrive well in a
Three-styled Saurauja. Tree.
mixture of loam and peat; and ripened cuttings will root in sand
12 S. GIGANTE'A (Nor. icon. ined. under the name of Scàpha. under a hand-glass, in heat.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 526.) leaves oval, cordate at the base, acumi-
nated, serrated, brown-velvety beneath ; peduncles axillary,
trichotomous, almost without bracteas, one-half shorter than the IX. APATE'LIA (from anatykoç, apatelos, false. This genus
leaves. h.s. Native of Java.
does not differ from Sauraúja unless in the disposition of the
Gigantic Saurauja. Tree 50 feet. .
stamens, which is not always constant). D. C. mem. soc. gen.
13 S. CRENULA'TA (D. C. l. c.) leaves obovate, cuneated at vol. 1.-Palàva, Ruiz et Pav. prod. A. per. p. 88. t. 22. but not
the base, somewhat acute at the apex, crenulately serrated ; pe-
of Cav.
duncles 1-flowered, aggregated on the old branches.
Lin. syst. Polyadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
Native of Java. Vanalphìmia Djinote, Lech. mss.
5, somewhat joined together at the base. Stamens numerous,
Crenulate-leaved Saurauja. Tree 20 feet.
disposed in 5 bundles. Anthers bursting by 2 pores at the apex.
14 S.? CAULIFLÓRA (Nor. icon. ined. under the name of Stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved.—Trees with fine leaves,
Scàpha,) leaves oblong, acuminate, awnedly serrated, smooth and axillary peduncles bearing white flowers.
above, but clothed with rusty strigose tomentum beneath ; pedicels 1 A. LANCEOLA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. 181. under the name of
1-flowered, collected together in bundles on the trunk; calyx Palàva,) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both ends, ser-
smooth. h.s. Native of Java on the banks of the river Su- rated, rusty beneath ; branches, petioles, and peduncles very
dan. Fruit baccate, therefore this plant may be a distinct
genus.
hairy. K. s. Native of Peru in the mountains about Chincao.
Stem-flowering Saurauja. Tree 20 feet.
Var. B, pedunculàris (D. C. prod. 1. p. 526.) leaves ovate at
.
)
15 S. REINWARDTIA'NA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. the base ; peduncles 4 times longer than the petioles. n. S.
p. 662.) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated; obtuse at the base, Native of Peru.
serrulated, rough on the veins, as well as the branches; pedun- Lanceolate-leaved Apatelia. Tree 20 feet. .
cles axillary, usually solitary, longer than the petioles, umbel- 2 A. TOMENTÒSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 222. .
lately 3-flowered, bracteate; bracteas oblong, lanceolate, leafy; t. 650. under the name of Palàva,) leaves obovate-lanceolate,
calyx hairy. n. S. Native of Java.
sharply toothletted, rough above, clothed with white down be-
Reinwardt's Saurauja. Tree.
neath, as well as the branchlets; panicles axillary, bracteated.
16 S. HIRSUTA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 661. h.S. Native of New Granada in the kingdom of Quito near
and 662.) leaves oval, acuminated, unequal at the base and Popayan. Sauraúja tomentosa, Spreng. syst. app. p. 211.
rounded, scabrous above, but covered with hispid hairs beneath, Downy Apatelia. Tree 30 feet.
as well as the branches and peduncles ; peduncles axillary, um- 3 A. GLABRA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. 181. under the name of
bellately 3-flowered, longer than the petioles ; bracteas spatu- Palàva,) leaves oblong, acute, serrulate, almost smooth on both
late; calyx hairy. h . S. Native of Java.
surfaces ; branches, petioles, and peduncles covered with small
Hairy Saurauja. Tree 20 feet.
strigose hairs. . S. Native of Muna among weeds.
17 S. PE'NDULA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves oblong, smooth, broadest Smoothish Apatelia. Shrub 4 to 10 feet.
above, and tapering to the base, with glandular serratures; pe- 4 A, BISERRA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. 181. under the name of
duncles axillary, elongated, nodding, 2-3-cleft, much longer Palàva,) leaves obovate-oblong, doubly serrated ; racemes
than the petioles ; pedicels usually 3-flowered, umbellate; calyx branched; pedicels 3-flowered. h. S. Native of Peru in shady
smooth. Đ.S. Native of Java.
places. Sauraúja biserràta, Spreng. syst. app. p. 211.
his.

TERNSTREMIACEÆ. IX. APATELIA. X. COCHLOSPERMUM. XI, LAPLACEA.
569
p. 526.
.
Twice-serrated-leaved Apatelia. Shrub 12 feet.
Kunth, nov.gen. amer. 7. p. 223. C. serratifòlium, D. C. prod.
5 A. SCA'BRA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. under Palàva, 1. p. 527. Bombax hibiscifolium, Willd. herb. In Brazil this plant
7. p. 221. t. 648.) branches, panicles, petioles, and calyx setose; is called Butua do Curvo, where a decoction of the roots are used
leaves cuneate, oblong, denticulated, scabrous. h. S. Native against internal pain, especially that which is the result of falls
of New Grenada. Panicles axillary. Filaments adhering to the or other accidents; this decoction will cure an abscess although
base of the petals, but free from each other.
of considerable standing,
Scabrous Apatelia. Tree 24 feet.
Shewy Cochlospermum. F1, May, Sept. Tree 30 feet.
Cult. See Sauràuja for cultivation and propagation,
4 C. VITIFÒLIUM (Spreng. syst. app. p. 206.) lobes of leaves
crenate-serrated, smooth on both surfaces. h. S. Native of
Tribe V.
New Spain. Bombax vitifolium, Willd. enum. p. 720. Wittels-
báchia vitifòlia, Mart. nov. gen. 1. p. 83. Flowers large, yellow.
LAPLACEÆ (plants agreeing with Laplàcea in many im- Vine-leaved Cochlospermum. Cīt. 1820. Tree 30 feet.
portant characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 526.
.
Cult. Cochlospermum is a genus of magnificent trees. The
Calyx bractless, of 3-5 sepals. Petals sometimes exceeding species thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat. Cuttings
the number of sepals. Stamens numerous, free, or connected at should not be too ripe, and they should be taken off at a joint,
the base ; anthers adnate or versatile Styles connected or free. and if planted in sand they will root freely under a hand-glass,
Fruit 3-5-celled. Albumen fleshy or wanting..—The tribe con-
in a moist heat. Plants raised from seeds make finer trees,
tains elegant trees, with fine leaves, and large shewy flowers.
X. COCHLOSPE'RMUM (from koxlw, cochlo, to twist, and
Omeopa, sperma, a seed; in allusion to the seeds being rather XI. LAPLA CEA (in honour of Marquis La Place, the cele-
curved, f. 97. h.) Kunth, diss. mal. p. 6. nov. gen. amer. 7. brated French mathematician). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 527.
5.
p. 207. t. 461. D. C. prod. 1. p. 527. Hæmochàris, Sal.
Lin. syst. Polyandria. Monogynia. Calyx of 5, perma- Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 or 5 deci-
nent, oval-oblong, blunt, unequal, imbricate sepals (f. 97. a.), duous, rather orbicular, concave, imbricate, unequal sepals.
,
which at length become reflexed, 2 outer ones smallest (f. 97.b.). Petals 5-9, free, but unequal-sided, twisted in the bud. Sta-
Petals 5 (f. 97.d.), permanent, somewhat ovate, emarginate at the mens numerous, disposed in 3 rows, adnate to the base of
apex, unequal-sided, twisted in the bud. Stamens numerous ; the petals in L. speciòsa, but free in the rest; anthers versatile,
filaments filiform, smooth; anthers fixed by the base, linear, 4- 2-celled, bursting lengthwise behind. Ovary sessile, 5-7-celled;
sided and 4-celled, opening by a single pore at the apex. Style cells 3-seeded. Styles 5-7, joined into 1 or free. Capsules
4,
.
long, filiform, hooked at the top (f. 97.c.). Capsules girded by the woody, 5-7-celled, 5-7-valved from the top to the middle; cen-
permanent calyx, petals, and stamens, ovate-globose, 3-5-celled, tral column thick, bearing the seeds. Seeds oblong, pendulous,
3-5-valved (f. 97. f.). Valves bearing incomplete
Valves bearing incomplete dissepiments ending in a wing. Albumen wanting. Embryo linear, straight,
in the middle. Seeds numerous, somewhat cochleate or kidney- with a short, superior radicle, and ovate, entire cotyledons.-
shaped (f. 97. h.g.), covered with wool. Albumen fleshy. Em- Trees or shrubs; leaves scattered, exstipulate, entire, coria-
bryo slender, with the radicle at the sharpest end of the seed ceous, with the petioles articulated at the base. Flowers axil-
pointing towards the hylum ; cotyledons entire, incumbent.- lary, solitary, bractless, with the peduncles jointed at the base.
Trees or shrubs, with alternate, stipulate, lobed leaves, with the i L. SPECIÒSA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves oblong, quite
petioles jointed at the base. Flowers large, yellow, panicled, entire, coriaceous, smooth ; flowers large, axillary, solitary,
with the peduncles articulated at the base.
on peduncles; styles 5, connate; capsule 5-valved, 5-celled.
1 C. GOSSY'PIUM (D. C. prod. 1.
FIG. 97.
S. Native of South America between Gonzana and Loxa.
p. 527.) lobes of leaves 5, very en-
Flowers large, white, very shewy. Petals 9.
tire. ħ. S. Native of the East
Shewy Laplacea. Tree 20 feet.
Indies. Bombax grandiflorum,
2 L. SEMISERRA'TA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 306.) leaves lan-
Sonn. voy, ind, 2. p. 235. t. 133.
.
ceolate, dentately-serrated, glabrous; calyx and corolla silky on
Bombax gossýpium, Lin. syst. 517.
the outside ; styles free. h. S. Native of Brazil in the pro-
Cav. diss. 5. p. 297. t. 157. Bòm-
vinces of Rio Janeiro and Minas Geraes. Hæmochàris semi-
bax Congo, Burm. ind. 145. Leaves
serràta, Mart. et Zucc. fl. bras. 1. p. 107. t. 66. Wikstro'mia
almost like those of Gossýpium
fruticosa, Schrad. in goett. anz. 1821. p. 710. Lindleya, Nees in
religiòsum, tomentose beneath.
bot. zeit. 1821. p. 299. Petals 5-8, white, unequal-sided.
Flowers large, yellow. (f. 97.).
Styles 5-7, crowned by bifid stigmas. Capsule 5-7-valved from
Cotton - like Cochlospermum.
the top to the middle.
Clt. 1822. Tree 50 feet.
Var. B, acuminata (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 301.) leaves lanceolate,
2 C. ORINOCE'NSE (Mart. fl. bras.
9
acuminated, sharply serrated, very narrow at the base, cuneated,
1. p. 83.) lobes of leaves 5-7, digi- f
longer than the petioles. Province of St. Paul.
tate, smooth, entire. h.s. Na-
Half-serrated-leaved Laplacea. Fl. year. Tree 30 feet.
tive of New Spain. Bombax
3 L. HÆMATO'XYLON; leaves ovate, acuminated, serrated;
Orinocénse, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
styles 5, distinct ; fruit oblong, somewhat pentagonal; pedicels
gen. amer. 5. p. 234. Flowers large, yellow.
very thick, short; petals 5. h.S. Native of Jamaica. Gor-
Orinoca Cochlospermum. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
dònia hæmatóxylon, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 1199. Flowers
3 C. INSIGNE (St. Hil. pl. usu, bras. no. 57.) leaves
(.
white to flesh-coloured.
coriaceous, palmately 5-lobed; lobes conduplicate, coarsely, Red-wooded Laplacea. Tree 16 feet.
sharply, and doubly serrated, adult ones smooth.
h. S. Na-
4 L. TOMENTÒSA; leaves obovate, unequal-sided, nearly en-
tive of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Novas and Minas tire, smooth above, but tomentose beneath ; flowers terminal,
Geraes. Flowers large, yellow. Maximiliàna règia, Mart. et solitary; petals 5. R.S. Native of Brazil in the province of
Schrank, bot. zeit. regensb. 1819. p. 452. Wittelsbachia insígnis, St. Paul.
St. Paul. Hæmochàris tomentosa, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 106. t.
Mart. A. bras. 1. p. 81. t. 55. C. hibiscoides, H. B. et 67. Flowers white. Styles 5, free. Capsule 5-celled.
VOL. 1.-PART. VI.
4 D
h :
.
a
a

570 TERNSTREMIACEÆ. XII. BONNETIA. XIII. MAHUREA. XIV. MARILA. XV. VENTENATIA. XVI. CARAIPA.
a
Tomentose-leaved Laplacea. Fl. Dec. Shrub 10 feet.
XIV. MARI'LA (from uapın, marile, live embers or sparks;
Cult. Laplàcea is a very shewy genus of small trees. They in allusion to the sparkling yellow fringe round the seed, or the
will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat; and ripened cut- transparent dots and lines on the leaves). Swartz, prod. 84.
tings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. D. C. prod. 1. p. 558. .
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 cross se-
XII. BONNE TIA (in honour of Charles Bonnet, a French
pals, the 2 outer ones involving the flower. Corolla of 4-5 pe-
naturalist; he wrote some botanical papers in 1754.) Mart. et
tals. Stamens very numerous, somewhat connected at the base;
Zucc. A. bras. 1. p. 115. t. 100. but not of Schreb.
anthers adnate, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Style 1, short,
LIN. Syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, 5-
Lin
crowned by a capitate 4-5-lobed stigma. Fruit columnar, crown-
parted, imbricate. Petals 5, equal, free, but unequal-sided,
.
ed by the permanent style, 3-4-celled, 3-4-valved; valves bent
twisted in æstivation. Stamens indefinite, smooth, free, fili-
inwards at the margins so much as to form disse piments, with
form, permanent; anthers fixed above the base, 2-celled, each cell
the placentas opposite the valves. Seeds very numerous, girded
opening by a pore at the base. Style trifid at the apex, each
a .
lobe terminated by a peculiar kind of stigma. Capsule girded by a yellow fringed margin. Leaves entire, full of pellucid dots
:
1. M. RACEMÒSA (Swartz, prod. p. 88.) leaves opposite, ob-
round the base by the permanent calyx and stamens, 3-celled, 3-
long-lanceolate, veined; racemes axillary. ñ.s. Native of the
valved; valves bent in at the edges so much as to constitute dis-
Caribbee islands. Flowers yellow or greenish-white.
sepiments, central column awl-shaped, placentiferous, each pla-
Racemose-flowered Marila. Tree 15 feet.
centa opposite the valves. Seeds numerous, linear. Integument Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam, sand,
thin, drawn out at both ends.-Elegant middle-sized trees or
and peat; and half-ripened cuttings will root if planted in a
shrubs. Leaves scattered, exstipulate, coriaceous, entire, 1-
pot of sand, and a hand-glass placed over them, in heat.
nerved, marked with transverse veins, with the petioles articu-
lated at the base. Flowers large, terminal ; peduncles 1 or many-
XV. VENTENATIA (in honour of E. P. Ventenat, a
flowered, articulated at the base.
French botanist, author of Choix de Plantes cultivées par Cels,
1 B. A'NCEPS (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 115. t. 100. B) leaves ob- and the Jardin de la Malmaison, in 1803.) P. Beauv. fl. d'ow.
ovate-oblong, on short petioles, smooth ; peduncles axillary, 3- et de Ben. 1. t. 17. D. C. prod. 1. P
527.
flowered ; pedicels involucrated at the base. h.S. Native of LIN. Syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 3, concave,
Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro in sandy places. Petals (f. 98. a.), deciduous sepals.
(f. 98. a.), deciduous sepals. Petals 11-12 (f. 98. c.), oblong,
white, mixed with rose-colour, smooth.
tapering to the base, blunt, spreading. Stamens numerous, free ;
Two-edged Bonnetia. Fl. Sept. Shrub 2 to 3 feet (St. Hil.) anthers oblong, 2-celled, adnate, bursting lengthwise. Ovary
Tree 16 feet (Mart.).
ovate (f. 98. d.). Style longer than the stamens. Berry ovate-
2 B. VENULÒSA (Mart. A. bras. 1. p. 115. t. 100. A.) leaves globose, furrowed longitudinally, 5-celled, cells many-seeded (f.
oblong, bluntish, veiny beneath, on short petioles ; flowers in 98.e.). Seeds unknown, therefore the place which this plant should
racemes ; seeds erect. h.s. Native of Brazil in the province occupy in the natural system is uncertain. Calyx imbricate, not
of Bahia. Flowers white. Leaves tapering to the base. valvate, on this account this genus is removed from Tiliàceæ.
Veiny-leaved Bonnetia. Tree.
1 V. GLAU CA (P. Beauv. I. c.)
FIG. 98.
3 B. STRICTA (Nees et Mart. in nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 87. h. S. Native of the western
7
t. 6.) leaves alternate, nearly sessile, obovate, obtuse or acutish, coast of Africa, in the kingdom of
coriaceous, shining ; peduncles axillary and terminal, somewhat Benin. A small tree, with exsti-
corymbose at the tops of the branches, 3-flowered. ñ.S. Na- pulate, stalked, ovate, acuminate,
tive of Brazil between Cabo Frio and Lagoa Feia, and the river glaucous, feather-nerved leaves.
Parahiba, in marshy places. Kisèria strícta, Mart. in regensb. Flowers scarlet, about the size of
bot. zeit. Jahrg. p. 298. Calyx with 3 bracteas under the flower. those of a species of Gordònia.
Straight Bonnetia. Shrub 8 feet.
Glaucous - leaved Ventenatia.
a
Cult. See Laplàcea for cultivation and propagation.
Shrub 10 feet.
XIII. MAHU'REA (Mahuri is the name of the tree in
Cult. Ventenàtia is a very fine
Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 558.
shrub, bearing very ornamental
LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Sepals 5. Petals 5,
scarlet flowers. It may probably
thrive well in a mixture of loam
equal. Stamens numerous, connected at the base. Anthers ad-
nate, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Style 1. Stigma 3-4-lobed.
and peat; and cuttings will per- *
Capsule conical, 3-valved, bent in at the margins. Seeds nu-
haps root in sand under a hand-
merous, linear, winged at both ends, attached to the angles of glass, in a moist heat.
the central column.--Trees, with alternate leaves. Flowers XVI. CARAIPA (Caraipe is the name of one of the species
disposed in racemes, purplish.
in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 56. t. 223.
i M. PALUSTRIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 558. t. 222.) flowers LIN. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx inferior, 5-parted.
hardly the diameter of an inch; anthers adnate, minute; leaves Corolla of 5 unequal-sided petals. Stamens indefinite, free
oblong-coriaceous. Ž.s. Native of Guiana in marshes. Bon- or somewhat connected at the base. Style simple, crowned by
nètia meridionalis, Swartz. B. palustris, Vahl. Flowers ter- a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved, bearing the seeds
minal, racemose, purplish. Leaves entire, full of pellucid dots. on the large, ligneous, central, trigonal, 3-winged placenta. Seeds
Marsh Mahurea. Tree 15 feet.
subsolitary, compressed. Albumen wanting.-Middle-sized trees,
2 M. SPECIÒSA (Chois. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 558.) flowers with stalked, opposite, and alternate, simple, exstipulate, coriace-
yellow, 2 inches in diameter; anthers elongated, tetragonal, fur- ous, entire leaves, and terminal racemes or panicles of white flowers.
rowed, fixed by the base; leaves oblong-lanceolate; racemes - 1 C. PANICULA'TA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 104. t. 64.) leaves
axillary. . S. Native of the island of St. Martha. M. opposite, oblong, acute, smooth above ; petioles and peduncles
racemosa, Balbis, mss.
rusty-tomentose; flowers panicled ; petals tomentose on the out-
Shewy Mahurea. Tree 12 feet.
side. h.s. Native of Brazil near the bar of the Rio Negro.
Cult. See Laplácea for cultivation and propagation.
Petals white. The anthers in all are versatile.
-

TERNSTROMIACEÆ. XVI. CARAIPA. XVII. KIELMEYERA.
571
h. S.
axes.
Panicled-flowered Caraipa. Fl. Oct. Tree 23 feet.
less, 5-parted, imbricate, 2 outer leaflets smallest. Petals 5,
2 C. GLABRA'TA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 105. t. 65.) leaves alter- free, equal, unequal-sided, twisted in the bud. Stamens nu-
nate, oblong, acuminated, tapering to the base, glaucescent be- merous, free, rarely connected at the base, filiform. Anthers
neath; flowers racemose. h.s. Native of Brazil in the pro- fixed by the back, oblong, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise inwards.
vince of Rio Negro. Corolla white.
Style simple, crowned by 3 free or connate stigmas, and appear-
Smooth Caraipa. Tree 30 feet. .
ing as if the style was trifid. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved; valves
3 C. DENSIFÒLIA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 105. t. 65. fruit only,) bent in at the margins so much as to constitute dissepiments.
leaves alternate, ovate, oblong, bluntly cuspidate, rounded at Central column awl-shaped, placentiferous, each placenta opposite
the base, smooth on both surfaces, glaucous beneath; flowers the valves. Seeds oblong, girded by a membranous margin ex-
racemose.
Native of Brazil in the province of Rio tended at both ends. Integument thin. Albumen wanting.
Negro on the banks of the river Solimoes near Ega.
Embryo straight, flat, with a minute radicle pointing towards the
Dense-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet.
umbilicus, and large kidney-shaped cotyledons.—Trees or shrubs,
4 C. GRANDIFLÓRA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 106.) leaves alter- full of resinous juice. Leaves scattered, exstipulate, usually
nate, very long, oblong-lanceolate, cuspidate, acutish at the base, crowded at the tops of the branches, coriaceous, entire, 1-nerved,
shining above, glaucous beneath; flowers racemose.
h. S.
and marked with feathered veins ; petioles jointed at the base.
Gathered with the last. Flowers white.
Flowers large, axillary, and terminal, usually at the tops of the
Great-flowered Caraipa. Tree 20 feet.
branches among the shorter leaves, or appearing in corymbs,
5 C. PARVIFÒLIA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 561. t. 223. f. 1.) leaves or racemes, rarely in panicles, in consequence of the upper
leaves
alternate, ovate, acute, tomentose beneath and whitish; flowers being absent. Peduncles bracteate, articulated at the base.
racemose; ovary villous. h.s. Native of Guiana. This tree 1 K. SPECIÒSA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 304. pl. usu. brás. no.
is called Manche-haches by the Creoles in Guiana, who consider 58.) stem arboreous ; leaves oblong, somewhat elliptical, obtuse,
the wood to be the best for making handles to hatchets and puberulous beneath on the nerves; flowers racemose ; calycine
Flowers white, small.
segments ovate, obtuse, tomentose, nearly equal. h.S. Native
Small-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet.
of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called
6 C. LONGIFÒLIA (Āubl. guian. 1. p. 561. t. 223. f. 2.) leaves Malva do Campo, Folha Santa, and Pinhao, and where a decoction
alternate, ovate-oblong, acute, hoary beneath ; flowers race- of the leaves is employed to prepare emollient baths.
Petals
mose; ovary tomentose. n.s. Native of Guiana.
white or flesh-coloured.
Long-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet.
Shewy Kielmeyera. Fl. April. Tree 20 feet.
7 C. RICHARDIA'NA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 16. p. 414. t. 3.) 2 K. TALCA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 304.) stem arboreous ;
leaves alternate, oblong, usually with a short and blunt acumen, leaves oblong-subelliptic, somewhat falcate, puberulous ; flowers
quite smooth ; flowers corymbose, pedicellate; ovary smooth. racemose; calycine segments ovate, acuminated, puberulous,
. S. Native of Guiana. Flowers white and rose-coloured. nearly equal. h.S. Native of Brazil in the province of St.
Richard's Caraipa. Fl. May.. Shrub 6 to 12 feet.
.
Paul. Petals flesh-coloured. A small twisted tree.
8 C. RACEMÒSA (Rich. herb. Cambess. l. c. p. 415.) leaves Falcate-leaved Kielmeyera. Fl. Oct. Tree 15 feet.
alternate, oblong, very blunt, and very smooth; flowers race- 3 K. CORIA'CEA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 112. t. 70.) shrubby;
mose, almost sessile; ovary tomentose. ħ.S. Native of Guiana. leaves spatulate,
leaves spatulate, glaucescent, glabrous; flowers racemose ; sepals
Petals tomentose.
ovate, acute, tomentose, nearly equal. h.S. Native of Bra-
Racemose-flowered Caraipa. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
zil in the province of Minas Geraes. A small twisted shrub,
9 C. VARIA'BILIS (Cambess. in mem. mus. 16. p. 416.) leaves abounding in yellow juice. Petals flesh-coloured.
alternate, oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, usually Coriaceous-leaved Kielmeyera. Fl. Aug. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
acuminated, smooth ; flowers few, panicled or racemose, pedicel- 4 K. RUBRIFLÓRA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 305.) stem suffruti-
late; ovary tomentose. h. S. Native of Guiana. Petals cose, simple ; leaves oblong-subelliptic, obtuse ; puberulous be-
clothed on the outside with refuscent tomentum.
neath ; flowers corymbose ; sepals ovate, puberulous, nearly
Variable Caraipa. Tree 20 feet.
equal. n. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas
10 C. FASCICULA'TA (Rich. herb. Cambess. I. c. p. 417.) leaves Geraes. Petals obovate-oblong, obliquely truncate at the apex,
alternate, elliptic, acuminated, quite smooth; flowers few, pa-
red.
nicled, pedicellate; ovary tomentose. ħ.S. Native of Guiana. Red-flowered Kielmeyera. Fl. May. Shrub 1} foot.
Fascicled Caraipa. Tree 20 feet?
5 K. RÒSEA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 110. t. 68.) stem shrubby,
11 C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 562. t. 224. f. 4.) branched ; leaves lanceolate, very smooth, pale beneath ; flowers
.
leaves alternate, long, ovate, acuminated, clothed with white corymbose ; sepals ovate-roundish, nearly equal. h. S. Native
tomentum beneath; flowers racemose; ovary tomentose. ħ. S. of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals obovate, rose-
Native of Guiana.
coloured.
Narrow-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet.
Rose-coloured-flowered Kielmeyera. Fl. Feb. Sh. 3 to 4 ft.
12 C. LATIFÒLIA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 561. t. 224. f. 3.) leaves
6 K. NERIIFOLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 306.) stem shrubby,
broad, ovate, acuminated, cinereous beneath ; flowers racemose ; simple ; leaves long, lanceolate, quite smooth; flowers racemose
ovary tomentose. h.s.
ħ.S. Native of Guiana. Leaves alternate. or panicled ; sepals ovate, acute, puberulous, nearly equal. h.
Broad-leaved Caraipa. Tree 20 feet.
S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Minas
Cult. The species of Caraipa will no doubt thrive well in a Novas Petals obovate, rose or flesh-coloured.
mixture of loam and sand ; and cuttings with their ends ripened Oleander-leaved Kielmeyera. Fl. May.
Fl. May. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. .
will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
7 K. CORYMBOSA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 113. t. 72.) stem
shrubby, simple ; leaves obovate-oblong, very blunt, and quite
smooth; flowers panicled; sepals ovate-lanceolate, ciliated,
XVII. KIELMEYERA (from C. F. D. Kielmeyer, Coun- nearly equal.
nearly equal. h.s. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz
sellor of State to the King of Wurtemberg, a patron of botany). near Villa Boa. Petals obovate, rather retuse, red.
Mart. et Zucc. fl. bras. 1. p. 112. St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 303. Var.B, pauciflora (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 307.) branches naked
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx permanent, bract- above; panicle few-flowered. In the province of Minas Geraes.
4 D 2

572 TERNSTREMIACEÆ. XVII. KIELMEYERA. XVIII. ARCHITÆA. XIX. GODOYA. XX. MALACHODENDRON.
.
H.S.
a
Corymbose-flowered Kielmeyera. Fl. July. Shrub 3 to 4 ft. free fertile stamens. Anthers long, opening by 2 pores behind.
8 K. HUMIFUSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 307. t. 63.) stem suf- Style simple, crowned by a 3-5-angled stigma. Capsule 3-5-valved,
fruticose, trailing ; leaves ovate-elliptic, densely puberulous be- 3-5-celled; valves bent inwards at the edges, constituting the
neath ; flowers racemose ; sepals ovate, puberulous, nearly equal. dissepiments ; cells many-seeded. Seeds imbricate, winged.-
;
,
,
h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes near Trees, with alternate, stalked, entire, or subserrulated, coriaceous
Tejuco. Stems numerous from the root, 1 foot high, rather trail- leaves, which are finely ribbed, and racemes of yellow flowers.
ing. Petals obovate, rose-coloured, smooth, but rather ciliated 1 G. GEMINIFLORA (Mart. f. bras. 1. p. 119. t. 74.) leaves
on the margin.
oblong, bluntish, obsoletely serrulated ; racemes axillary or ter-
Trailing Kielmeyera. Fl. Sept. Shrub 1 to 1 foot.
minal, compound, elongated ; calyx of 10 sepals; stamens about
9 K. TOMENTÒSA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 308. t. 61.) shrubby ; 40. K. s. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Negro.
leaves elliptic, obtuse, tomentose beneath ; flowers corymbose ; Twin-flowered Godoya. Clt. 1829. Tree 20 feet.
.
sepals ovate, tomentose, nearly equal. n. S. Native of Brazil
h.
2 G. SPATULA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. p. 102.) leaves spatu-
in the province of Minas Geraes at a place commonly called late, crenated; calyx 5-sepalled ; stamens about 40. ñ. S.
Bosa. Petals obovate-oblong, white, tomentose beneath. Native of Peru in groves at Cuchero and Chinchao.
Tomentose Kielmeyera. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
Spatulate-leaved Godoya. Tree 20 feet.
10 K. EXCE'LSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 308.) arboreous ; 3 G. OBOVA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c.) leaves ovate, elliptical,
leaves oblong-subelliptic, obtuse, quite smooth; flowers race- crenated; calyx 5-sepalled ; stamens about 10. h.s. Native
mose ; sepals ovate, smooth, nearly equal. h.S. Native of of Peru at Cuchero. Wood hard.
Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Petals obovate, smooth, white.
Obovate-leaved Godoya. Tree 30 feet.
Tall Kielmeyera. Fl. June.
.
Fl. June. Tree 60 feet.
Cult. These are elegant trees, worth cultivating ; they will
11 K. PETIOLA'RIS (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 111. t. 69.) stem thrive well in a mixture of sandy loam and peat; and ripened
arboreous or shrubby ; leaves oblong, subelliptic, obtuse, quite cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. .
smooth; flowers corymbose or racemose ; sepals roundish,
smooth, unequal. h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of
Tribe VI.
Minas Geraes near Villa Rica. Petals obcordate, white.
Petiolar Kielmeyera. Fl. Feb. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
GORDONIE Æ (plants agreeing with Gordònia in many im-
12 K. VARIA'BILIS (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 112. t. 71.) stem portant characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 527. Calyx of 5 free
p.
shrubby, simple ; leaves ovate or obovate, very obtuse, quite or connected sepals (f. 99. a.). Stamens numerous, with filiform
smooth; flowers racemose or subsolitary ; sepals ovate-roundish, filaments, which are connected together at the base (f. 99. d.),
smooth, unequal. h.S. Native of Brazil in the province of and oscillatory oval anthers. Carpels 5, more or less joined
Minas Geraes. Petals obovate-oblong, white, and smooth. together at the base (f. 99. c.). Styles 5, distinct, and con-
Variable Kielmeyera. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
nected together at the base, or sometimes almost to the apex
Cult. This is a beautiful genus of shrubs, with fine leaves (f. 99. f.), with an equal number of stigmas (f. 99. f.). Carpels
and elegant flowers. The species will thrive well in a mixture capsular, 1-2-seeded, sometimes almost distinct, sometimes closely
a
of turfy loam and sand; and ripened cuttings will root in sand joined together into 1 capsule (f. 99. c.), sometimes with a dis-
under a hand-glass, in heat. None of them have yet been intro- sepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds few. Albumen want-
duced to the gardens.
ing. Embryo straight, with an oblong radicle, and leafy coty-
ledons which are plaited lengthwise, and with an inconspicuous
plumule. American and Asiatic trees and shrubs with alternate
XVIII. ARCHITÆ'A (in honour of Archyta, an ancient
ovalor oblong, entire or toothed, feather-nerved exstipulate leaves,
philosopher of Tarento). Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 117.
.
which are usually deciduous. The flowers resemble those of Ca-
LIN, SYST.
Polyadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-parted, mellia on the one hand and Cydònia on the other. This tribe was
permanent. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, collected into 5
bundles at the base. Anthers 2-celled, didymous, bursting plaited, wrinkled cotyledons, but it is more nearly allied to Tern-
formerly confused with Malvaceæ and Tiliàceæ, from their
lengthwise. Style simple, permanent. Capsule 5-celled, incom-
stroemiàceæ on account of the calyx being imbricate, not valvate
pletely 5-valved, opening at the base, but connate at the apex. . in æstivation, and in the absence of stipulas.
Seeds linear, rather winged, inserted in the central pentagonal XX. MALACHODE'NDRON (from Malaxos, malachos, soft,
column. -A shrub, with the habit of Bonnètia. Leaves in
fascicles, feather-nerved.
and devopov, dendron, a tree). Cav. diss. 5. p. 502. f. 2. Juss.
gen. 275. D. C. prod. 1. p. 528.
1 A. TRIFLÓRA (Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 117. t. 73.) leaves in
fascicles, nearly sessile, obovately-lanceolate, acuminated, acu-
LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-cleft, furnished
with 2 bracteas at the base. Petals 5, with a crenulate limb.
tish; peduncles terminal, 3-flowered. u.s. Native of Brazil.
.S
Ovary 5-furrowed. Styles 5, unconnected. Stigmas capitate.
Three-flowered Architæa. Tree 15 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will answer this tree well;
Carpels 5, capsular, connected, 1-seeded. Seeds unknown.
and cuttings which are ripened at the bottom will root in sand
1 M. ova'tum (Cav. I. c.). h. H. Native of the mountains
under a hand-glass, in heat.
of Virginia, Carolina, and Georgia. Lindl. bot. reg. 1104.
Stuartia pentágynia, Lher. stirp. nov. 1. p. 155. t. 74. Smith,
exot. bot. t. 101. Leaves ovate, acuminated. Flowers axillary,
XIX. GODO'YA (in honour of Emmanuel Godoy, Duke of solitary, almost sessile. Petals waved, cut, of a pale-cream
Arcadia, commonly called Prince of Peace, on account of his colour. This is an elegant tree.
having concluded the peace between France and Spain, after the Ovate-leaved Malachodendron. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1785.
war of the revolution. This genus has been dedicated to him as Tree 20 feet.
a protector of botany). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 101.
Cult. This beautiful deciduous shrub, whose large flowers
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 or many
.
are of a cream-colour, deserves a place in the collection of every
sepals, imbricate in æstivation. Petals 5, convolute in æstiva- admirer of ornamental shrubs. Although it is sufficiently hardy
tion. Stamens definite or indefinite, disposed in many series,
to bear the winters in Britain in the open air, yet the young
outer series sterile, free or in 5 bundles, inner series of 10-40 shoots often get injured in winter, the summer not being long
a
.
a

TERNSTRÊMIACEÆ. XXI. STUARTIA. XXII. GordoNIA. XXIII. BLUMEA. XXIV. SCHIMA. 573
enough to ripen the wood, or flower it in perfection ; it is there- líchii
, D. C. prod. 1. p. 528. Leaves 3-4 inches broad. Bud
;
fore better to keep it as a greenhouse plant. Peat soil, mixed of flower globose, and girded by the short calyx. Flowers white.
with a little loam, suits it best; and it is readily encreased by A small evergreen tree.
layers, and ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass. Chilaune Gordonia. Fl. May. Tree 14 feet.
3 G. EXCE'LSA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p.
XXI. STUARTIA (in honour of John Stuart, Marquis of
663.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, serru-
lated; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, shorter than the
Bute, once a distinguished patron of botany). Cav. diss. 5. p.
leaves. h.S. Native of Java. Schìma excélsa, Reinw. cat.
393. t. 159. f. 2. D. C. prod. 1. p.
528.
LIN. SYST.
Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx permanent, 5- pl. hort. bot. Buitenz. p. 80. In a specimen gathered by Blume
on Mount Burangrang in Java, the ovary was constantly 4-celled,
cleft, rarely 5-parted, furnished with 2 bracteas at the base.
Petals 5. Ovary roundish. Style 1, filiform, crowned by a
and the stigma peltate, 4-lobed.
Tall Gordonia. Tree 30 feet.
capitate 5-lobed stigma. Capsule woody, 5-celled, 5-valved;
cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds wingless, ovate, even. A shrub with
deciduous leaves.
Sect. II. LACATHE'A (from la, la, very, and kaðnual, cathe-
1 S. VIRGI’NICA (Cav. I. c.). h. H. Native of North Ame- mai, to sit; application not evident). Salisb. D. C. prod. 1.
rica in swamps in the lower counties of Virginia and Carolina. p. 528. Petals connected at the base. Filaments free. Style 1.
$. malachodendron, Lin. spec. 982. Lher. stirp. rar. 1. t. 73. 4 G. PUBE'SCENS (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 451.) flowers
Lam. ill. t. 593. S. Marilandica, Andr. bot. rep. t. 397 or 73. almost sessile ; leaves obovate-lanceolate, pubescent beneath,
Duh. arb. 2. t. 78. Flowers large, white, with purple filaments somewhat serrated, membranaceous; petals and sepals rather
and blue anthers, usually in pairs. Leaves ovate, acute. Petals silky on the outside ; capsules spherical. Þ.H. Native of
;
entire.
North America in Georgia on the banks of the Alatamaha, near
Virginian Stuartia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1742. Sh. 6 to 8 ft. Fort Barrington; also in South Carolina. Lois. herb. amat. t.
Cult. This beautiful shrub deserves to be cultivated in every 236. Lacathèa flórida, Sal. par. lond. t. 56.
lond. t. 56. This is a beau-
collection of ornamental shrubs. For treatment and cultivation tiful tree, whose large white flowers and yellow anthers have a
see Malachodendron.
most agreeable appearance.
Var. a, velutina (D. C. prod. 1. p. 528.) leaves oblong, vel-
XXII. GORDO'NIA (in honour of Alexander Gordon, a
vety beneath. G. pubescens, Lher. stirp. p. 156. Vent. malm.
celebrated nurseryman at mile-end near London, who lived in
t. 1. Cav. diss. 6. t. 162. Franklinia Americana, Marsh.
arb. 48.
the time of Philip Miller). Ellis in phil. trans. 1770. Cav.
diss. 307. D. C. prod. 1. p. 528.
Var. B, subglabra (D. C. prod. 1. p. 528.) leaves obovate-
oblong, smoothish beneath. G. Franklìni, Lher. stirp. 1. p.
Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Polyándria. Calyx of 5 rounded, oblong, smoothish beneath.
LIN
.
156. Franklìnia Alatámaha, Marsh. arb. 48. Flowers fragrant.
coriaceous sepals (f. 99. a.). Petals 5, somewhat adnate to the
Pubescent Gordonia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1774. Tr. 20 ft.
urceolus of the stamens (f. 99. d.). Style crowned by a peltate
Cult.
Gordònia is a genus of elegant trees and shrubs, whose
5-lobed stigma (f. 99. f.). Capsules 5-celled, 5-valved (f. 99.
large beautiful white flowers make a very agreeable appearance.
c.); cells 2-4-seeded. Seeds ending in a leafy wing, fixed to the
For cultivation and treatment see Malachodendron. The G.
central column, filiform. Trees with the appearance of Gordònia.
excélsa, being a native of Java, will require to be kept in
a stove, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-
Sect. I. LASIA'NTHUS (from lacios, lasios, wool, and avoc, glass, in heat.
anthos, a flower; calyx covered with silky wool). D. C. prod.
1. p. 528. Petals somewhat connected at the base. Stamens
XXIII. BLU'MEA (in honour of C. L. Blume, M. D. for a
almost disposed in five bundles. Style 1.
1 G. LASIA'NTHUS (Lin. mant.
long time resident in Java, author of several works on Java
FIG. 99.
570.) pedicels axillary, usually
plants). Spreng. syst. 5. p. 12. no. 2461.
shorter than the leaves; leaves
LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-parted, un-
.
oblong-coriaceous, smooth, ser-
equal. Petals 5, obovate, fugacious. Anthers almost sessile,
-e
rated; calyx silky; capsules co-
disposed in a ring around the style. Style 5-cleft at the apex.
noid, acuminated. h. H.
Capsule 5-celled; cells many-seeded. Seeds winged?
Na-
tive of North America in cedar
1 B. JAVA'NICA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 126.). n. S. Native
of Java. Reinwardtia Javánica, Blume. Leaves oblong, serru-
swamps near the sea-coast, from
Virginia to Florida, where it is
lated, smooth ; peduncles 3-flowered. Flowers large, yellow.
Java Blumea. Tree 30 feet.
called Loblolly-bay. Cav. diss. 6.
Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit this tree, and
t. 161. Sims, bot. mag. t. 668.
Hypericum lasiánthus, Lin. spec.
ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
1101. Catesb. carol. 1. t. 44.-
Pluk. amalth. t. 352. This is a
XXIV. SCHIMA (probably from oxioua, schisma, a fissure;
beautiful small evergreen tree with
in allusion to the valves of the capsule only being cleft half-way
white flowers, about the size of đ
down). Reinwardt, Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p.
those of a single rose. (f. 99.)
662.
Loblolly-bay or Woolly-flowered Gordonia. Fl. Aug. Oct. Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria.
LIN
Calyx 5-cleft, per-
Clt. 1739. Tree 14 feet.
manent. Petals 5, adnate to the urceolus of the stamens, as
2 G. CHILAU'NEA (Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. well as being connected together at the base, unequal, one of
225.) pedicels axillary, elongated, hardly longer than the pe- which is cucullate. Style crowned by a peltate, 5-lobed stigma.
tioles ; leaves elliptical
, acute, veiny, quite entire, pubescent Capsule globose, 5-celled, half 5-valved; valves woody, with a
,
,
beneath ; calyx a little ciliated; petals entire. h. G. Native dissepiment in the middle of each. Central receptacle capitate.
of Nipaul at Suembu, where it is called Chilaune-swa. G. Wal- Seeds 1-2 in each cell, elongated into a leafy wing at the apex.
a
a
.
.
C

574
TERNSTREMIACEÆ. XXIV. SchiMA. XXV. POLYSPORA. XXVI. CAMELLIA.
ovary smooth.
h. G.
This genus comes near to Gordònia, but differs in the structure acutely serrated; flowers axillary, sessile, usually solitary ;
of the calyx and capsule.
Native of Japan and China. Cav.
1 S. Noro'NHÆ (Blum. l. c.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acu- diss. 6. t. 160. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 553. Duh. ed nov. t.
minated, entire; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered at the 71. Andr. bot. rep. t. 25. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 329. and 455.
extremity of the branches. h.s. Native of Java.
Lois. herb. amat. t. 43, 44, 45, and 46. Curt. bot. mag. t. 42.
Var. ß, undulàta ; leaves waved. ñ. S. Native of Java. This plant, in its native country, grows to a large tree. It is in
Noronha's Schima. Tree. .
high esteem among the Japanese and Chinese for the elegance
Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam and of its large flowers, which exhibit a great variety of colours,
sand, and ripened cuttings taken off at a joint will root freely if but have no scent, and for its evergreen leaves. It is
very com-
planted in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
mon everywhere in the groves and gardens, flowering from Octo-
ber to April. It varies with white, red, yellowish, purple flowers,
XXV. POLY'SPORA (Toluc, polys, many, and otopa, spora, and variegated and blotched with the same colours, from single
a seed ; many in capsule). Sweet, hort. brit. p. 61.
.
to semidouble and double. It is the greatest ornament of the
LIN. SYST. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx girded by ac- greenhouses of Europe in spring, and is now cultivated by
cessory bracteas. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous, nurserymen to a vast extent. The plant was cultivated in England
monadelphous at the base. Style crowned by a 4-5-lobed stigma. before 1742 by Robert James Lord Petre.
Capsule conical, 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. Seeds im- The varieties at present cultivated in England are as follows:
bricate, ending in a wing. A shrub with smooth, obovate, entire
leaves, and axillary, solitary, almost sessile flowers.
Varieties of Caméllia Japónica which have been introduced from
China.
1 P. AXILLA'RIS (Sweet, l. c.). . S. Native of Pulo-
Pinang. Camellia axillaris, Roxb. ex Ker. bot. reg. t. 349. a alba-plèna. Double white Camellia. Clt. 1792. The
Sims, bot. mag. t. 2047. Gordònia anómala, Spreng. syst. 3. flowers are pure white, from 3 to 4 inches in diameter, the petals
p. 126. Leaves obovate-oblong, serrulated, upper ones quite being disposed in circles from the circumference to the centre,
entire. Flowers of a yellowish-white colour, about the size of and lying particularly flat and even one above another. Andr.
those of Camellia Sasánqua, solitary, almost sessile, usually bot. rep. p. 25.
bot. rep. p. 25. Lodd. bot. cab. 269.
axillary. Styles 4, and hardly unconnected at the apex.
B fimbriata. Fringed white Camellia. Clt. 1816. The
Axillary-flowered Polyspora. Fl. Nov. to Mar. Clt. 1816. flowers are double, white ; the petals are fringed. Lodd. bot.
Shrub 3 feet.
cab. 1103.
Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of loam and
y variegata. Double striped Camellia. Clt. 1792. The
peat; and cuttings not too much ripened will root in sand, under flowers of a fine dark rose of red-colour, irregularly blotched
a hand-glass, in heat, or it may be grafted on the single red Ca- with white, whilst those which appear in the spring are generally
méllia Japónica.
plain red. They are 3 or 4 inches in expansion. The outer
Tribe VII.
petals are about 13 inch in diameter, roundish cordate, thick
and fleshy at the base, and sometimes a little divided at the
CAMELLIE'Æ. D. C. theor. elem. ed. 1. 1813. Feb. as
apex. When the flowers are fully expanded they become recurved.
an order.
Theàcea, Mirb. bull. phil. Dec. 1813. as an The centre petals are often small, narrow, and upright, con-
order. Calyx of 5-9 sepals, inner ones largest and concave, fusedly arranged, many of them being disposed in tufts, with
deciduous. Petals 5-7-9, alternating with the sepals when the small parcels of stamina intermixed. Some flowers are parti-
same number, sometimes they are connected at the base. Sta- cularly handsome and as double as a rose.
Andr. bot. rep. t.
mens numerous, filiform, separated into many bundles at the 91. Lodd. bot. cab. 329.
base, but usually monadelphous. Anthers ellipsoid, roundish, à rùbro-plèna. Double red Camellia. Old Red and Gre-
versatile. Ovary ovate-roundish, crowned by 3-5 filiform ville's Red. Clt. 1794. The flowers are 3 or 32 inches in
styles, which are connected at the base. Capsule 3-5-celled, diameter. They are of a crimson-red colour, and resemble the
3-5-valved ; valves sometimes with dissepiments in the middle, flowers of a double Hibiscus. The petals are numerous, of an
sometimes so much bent in at the margins as to form disse- irregular shape, comparatively long and narrow, pointed, and
piments. Seeds large, few, fixed to the margins of the central veined. They are curled on the margins, gradually diminishing
placenta. Albumen wanting. Embryo with large, thick, oily in size towards the centre.
in size towards the centre. Andr. bot. rep. t. 199. Lodd. bot.
cotyledons, and as if they were jointed at the base, and an cab. 397.
obtuse, short, radicle, pointing to the hilum, and a hardly evident ɛ incarnata. Lady Hume's Blush Camellia or Buff Camellia.
plumule. Smooth evergreen trees or shrubs, inhabitants of the Clt. 1806. The flowers open very regularly 3 or 34 inches in
colder parts of Asia, China, Japan, &c. Flowers axillary, very diameter, of a fine glowing blush-colour, becoming richer as
shewy, red, white, or striped.
they expand; the outer petals are a good deal recurved, they
XXVI. CAMEʼLLIA (in honour of George Joseph Ca- gradually diminish in size towards the centre, and are pointed.
mellus or Kamel, a Moravian Jesuit and traveller in Asia. He
In general they are evenly arranged and laid over each other.
wrote a history of the plants of the isle of Luzon, which is in-
Ker. bot. reg. 112. Andr. bot. rep. 660. f. 1. Lodd. bot.
serted in the 3d vol. of John Ray's Historia Plantarum). Lin. cab. 140.
gen. no. 848. D. C. prod. 1. p. 529.
Ś anemoneflòra. Waratah Camellia or Blush Waratah Ca-
Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Polyándria. Calyx imbricate, sur- mellia or Anemone-flowered Camellia. Clt. 1739. The flowers
rounded by accessory bracteas or sepals. Stamens monadelphous. are remarkably shewy, and resemble a double anemone. They
Anthers elliptical, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Capsule fur- are about 3 or 4 inches in diameter, of a deep-red colour. The
rowed, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, separating outer petals expand quite flat, roundish-cordate, surrounding a
from the free triquetrous axis when ripe. Cells 1-2-seeded. great number of smaller ones, regularly disposed and rising
Elegant evergreen trees or shrubs, with coriaceous, dark-green, upright in the centre, each of them are roundish-cordate, and
shining leaves, and large flowers, resembling the rose, of va- slightly marked with veins of a deeper colour. Those in the
rious hues.
centre of the flower are of a peculiar form, being small and
1 C. JAPO'NICA (Lin. spec. 982.) leaves ovate, acuminate, fleshy at the base, and broad and thin towards the point, with
1

TERNSTREMIACEÆ. XXVI. CAMELLIA.
575
It agrees
a very minute white tip, they are compactly arranged in rows are exactly the same as the Pompone, excepting that they are
from the circumference to the centre, which is considerably pure white, and have not the blush tinge at the base of the
elevated about the outer petals, and each incurved towards the petals. .
styles, with their edges turned outwards. Sims, bot. mag. 1654. p semidūplex. Semi-double Red Camellia. Clt. 1808. The
Lodd. bot. cab. 537.
plant is not easily distinguished from Middlemist's Red Camellia,
in crassinérvis.
Mr. Kent's Camellia. Clt. 1820. This unless when in flower. The flowers consist of from 6-12
kind is very like the Waratah. The only difference appears to be large roundish petals in a single or double series, round the
that in the flowers of this the outer petals are paler and more column of stamina, and expanding to 24 inches in diameter ;
cupped and the leaves are thinner and rounder. It was for-
It was for- they are generally concave, and all marked with veins that are
merly known under the name of Kent Hexangular. Lodd. bot. darker than the uniform rich rose-colour of the flowers. The
cab. 1475.
stamens rise erect, they are transformed into small, roundish,
O myrtifolia. Myrtle-leaved Camellia. Clt. 1808. The
The ligulated petals, slightly divided at the apex, and striped with
flowers are large in proportion to the plant, about 3 inches in white in the same manner as Middlemist's Red, but not so large
diameter, and are freely produced. On their first opening they nor are the petals so numerous. It has been impregnated with
appear to be of a deep rose-colour, but when expanded be- the pollen of the single white, and some excellent varieties have
come paler. The petals are numerous and regularly arranged been raised from the seed by Mr. Press, the gardener to Edward
over each other, forming a peculiar nice compact flower, faintly Gray, Esq. at Harringay House, Hornsey. Andr. bot. rep.
,
veined with red. The outer petals are of a roundish form, 559.
always darker in colour than the interior ones, an inch broad, s atrorùbens. Loddiges's Red Camellia. Clt. 1809. The
at length becoming recurved. The inner petals are much smaller, flowers are generally middle-sized, and seldom exceed 3 inches
and pointed, at first they are erect and closely set together, so in diameter. They are very striking at a distance, appearing
that the centre of the flower is considerably elevated; they scarlet. The outer petals are of a thick substance, roundish,
afterwards expand almost flat. Sims, bot. mag. 1670. Lodd. oblong, with the edges sometimes notched and slightly undulated.
bot, cab. 354.
The whole are ranged in a double or triple series, and are
1 hexangulàris. Hexangular-flowered Camellia.
This va-
faintly marked with darker veins. The centre of the flower is
riety is no less remarkable for the regular disposition of its filled with small petals, confusedly mixed together, varying a
petals, than for the peculiar elegance of its flowers. This plant good deal both in size and form, each are incurved and have a
is only known by the Chinese drawings in the possession of the white tip, sometimes elongated, ligulate petals rise out from
Horticultural Society. It has not yet been introduced. The amongst them, intermediate in shape between the outer and
preceding variety usually goes under that name in the gardens. inner petals, of a paler colour, arranged in a cluster overtopping
k involūta. Lady Long's Camellia. Clt. 1820.
the others. The flower is usually neat and shewy. Lodd. bot.
precisely in character with the myrtle-leaved, but differs in being cab. 170.
more erect and of stronger growth, and in having all the petals T Welbánkii. Welbank's White Camellia. Clt. 1820. This
involute instead of spreading, but this is not permanent, as the variety is called luteo-albicans in bot. reg. 708. also flavescens
petals are sometimes inflexed. Ker. bot. 633.
and White Moutan Camellia. The flowers are of a yellowish-
1 variabilis. Various-flowered Camellia. Clt. 1816. This
-
white colour, and do not open freely, about 37 inches in dia-
is remarkable for producing more than 4 different coloured meter. The petals are not arranged in any sort of order, so
flowers
upon the same plant, red, white, and blush varieties of that the flower has a confused appearance, the outer ones are of
the pæony-flowered and the Pompone.
a roundish form, much undulated, and but very little recurved
u Pompònia. The Kew Blush Camellia. Clt. 1810. The or divided at the extremity. The centre petals are of an irre-
flowers of this variety are very delicate, and measure, when full gular shape, sometimes they approach to those of the Pompone, ,
expanded, 4 inches in diameter. They consist of 10 or 12 but are often twisted and arranged in tufts with several parcels
roundish-cordate outer petals, arranged in 2 rows round a great of imperfect stamens intermixed among them. The flower is
number of smaller ones that rise in the centre, in an erect, ir- upon the whole rather delicate, and has been compared to those
regular mass, the outer petals spread open and become almost of Gardenia flórida.
flat, they are sometimes entire, but usually indented and undu- v rosea. Le Blanc's Red Camellia. Clt. 1821. This,
lated. Their colour is pure white, excepting for about a third though not so shewy as many other varieties, is nevertheless
of their length, nearest the base, which is deeply tinged with desirable, from producing its flowers both early and abundantly.
red, as well as a small stripe up the centre. . Ker. bot. reg. 22. The flowers, when expanded, measure about 24 inches in dia-
Lodd. bot. cab. 596.
meter, of a pale-rose colour approaching that of the Myrtle-
v pæoniflòra ròsea. Red Pæony-flowered Camellia. Clt. 1810. leaved. The flower has sometimes the appearance of a small
Andr. bot. rep. 660. Lodd. bot. cab. 238.
moss rose, but generally the outer petals expand nearly flat,
o pæoniflòra pallida. Blush Pæony-flowered Camellia. Clt. they are roundish-cordate, and sometimes have a faint green
1820.
stripe down the centre. The whole of the petals are nearly of
pæoniflora álba. White Pæony-flowered Camellia. Clt. the same form, being evenly arranged, diminishing gradually in
1810.
size to the centre, but not so full of petals as some other va-
These three last varieties are in every respect the same as the
rieties.
Pompone. The only difference appears to be in the colour of x speciðsa. Rawes's Variegated Waratah. Clt. 1824. The
the flowers. That of the first is of a bright rose or red-colour, flowers of this variety are extremely handsome, and of a deeper
marked with darker veins. The second is intermediate in the red than either the atrorùbens or Waratah. They open very
colour between the last-mentioned and the Pompone, being darker regularly, and when expanded are usually 4 inches in diameter.
-
than the Pompone, yet not so dark as the Red Pæony-flowered. The outer petals 10-12 or more, a little cordate, but generally
The whole of the petals are veined and of a deep blush-co- rounded, a little recurved and faintly veined, disposed in 2 or 3
lour, excepting the edges, which are nearly white. The third series, with a few unequal blotches of white appearing on some
variety is generally cultivated under the name of White Waratah of them near the edges, above these there is another row of
or White Anemone-flowered and White Pompone. The flowers small incurved thick petals, which rise upright, and become
а
TT

576
XXVI. CAMELLIA.
TERNSTREMIACEÆ.
a
a
.
a
larger the nearer they approach the centre; from these proceed 1 Colvállü (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. with a figure). Colvill's
8 or 10 petals, nearly as large as those at the extremity, and sur- Striped Camellia. An elegant hybrid, with the petals regu-
round another set of small incurved petals, thus having the larly disposed, blotched with white on a red ground.
appearance of two flowers, one formed in the centre of the other ; 2 Ròsa Şinensis (Lodd. bot. cab. 1455.). China Rose Ca-
nearly the whole of the petals have a little white stripe at their mellia. Flowers red.
base, and some will even be variegated; all are tipped with 3 Aitoni (Chandl. cam. 3.). Aiton's Large Single Red.
white in the same manner as those of the Waratah.
4 althæiflòra(Chandl. cam.4.). Hollyhock-flowered. Flowers
w carnea. Middlemist's Red Camellia. Clt. 1808. This red.
variety is also known under the name of Rose-coloured Ca- 5 corallina (Chandl. cam. 5.). Coral-flowered.
mellia. The flowers are similar in colour to the semi-double 6 insígnis (Chandl. cam. 6.). Splendid Red.
red but larger. The outer petals are roundish-cordate, arranged 6 flórida (Chandl. cam. 7.). Florid Red.
in circles over each other, they are not numerous, although the 8 anemoneflòra-álba (Chandl. cam. 8.). White Anemone-
flowers may be said to be more than semi-double. The centre flowered Camellia.
petals are short, and vary in form, generally they are roundish 9 Chandleri (Chandl. cam. 1-2.). Chandler's Striped Waratah.
and a little twisted, as well as marked with dark-coloured veins, 10 punctàta. Gray's spotted. Flowers pink spotted with white.
and all of them have more or less a small white-coloured stripe 11 Rosa múndi. The Rose of the World. Flowers white and
down their centre. The stamens are at times perfect, but usually crimson.
changed into petals, and the whole altogether resemble a full- 12 Préssii. Presse's Single Red.
blown rose. Ker. bot. reg. 22. Andr. bot. rep. 660. f. 1. 13 eclipsis. Presse's Eclipse. White and red.
a a imbricàta. Crimson Shell Camellia. Clt. 1827. This 14 rùbro-punctàta. Single Red Spotted. Flowers white
is without doubt the best variety that has been brought from spotted with red.
China. The flowers are upwards of 32 inches in diameter, and Common or Japan Camellia. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1739.
very regular in form, the petals being arranged one above ano- Tree 20 feet.
ther, and gradually diminishing in size towards the centre, 2 C. RETICULA'TA (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 1078. Hook, bot, mag. t.
exactly in the manner of the Double White. The colour is of
colour is of 2784.) leaves oblong, acuminated, serrated, flat, reticulated ;
a fine crimson-red and remarkably shewy. When the flowers flowers axillary, solitary; calyx 5-leaved, coloured ; ovary
first begin to open they are concave, but as they expand they silky. Þ.G. Native of China.
Native of China. A splendid species, distin-
become quite flat. The outer petals are nearly round. The guished from C. Japónica in the strongly reticulated leaves,
centre petals are rather pointed and rise upright.
and in the silky ovarium. The flowers are large and elegant,
BB Párksü. Park's Striped Rose Camellia. Clt. 1824. containing from 17-18 petals, which are loosely arrayed, wavy,
This differs from the common striped. The flowers open well, and generally entire, they are of a clear bright purple, darker
and measure 4 inches in diameter. They are of a bright rose- towards the base and paler towards the edges; stamens irre-
colour, irregularly striped or blotched with white. The outer gularly monadelphous, in several bundles; ovary 2-4-celled ;
petals are very large, slightly cordate, occasionally having a style 2-4-cleft.
fringed edge. Those towards the centre are irregular in their Reticulated-leaved or Captain Rawes's Camellia. Fl. Feb.
form, partly twisted and disposed in a similar manner to those May. Clt. 1824.
Clt. 1824. Shrub 10 feet.
of the Common Striped, giving the whole flower the same con- 3 C. MALIFLORA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1078. in a note) leaves
fused appearance, and shewing a few imperfect stamens in the
,
obovate, convex, bluntly serrated; flowers terminal and axillary,
hollows formed by the twists of the petals. It is upon
the
usually solitary; branches and petioles pubescent; ovary smooth.
whole a very handsome variety. It possesses a slight but plea- Þ.G. Native of China. C. Sasánqua flòre-plèno, Ker. bot. reg.
sant scent, which has also been remarked in the Myrtle-leaved. vol. 7. t. 549. Sims, bot. mag. 2080. An elegant species with
y y Sabiniana. Sabine's White Camellia. Clt. 1824. The small semidouble red flowers.
flowers are pure white, 3 inches in expansion, and resemble in Apple-flowered Camellia. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1816. Sh. 8 ft.
their form those of the Pompone. The outer petals are dis- 4 C. SASA'NQUA (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 273, t. 30.) leaves ovate-
posed in 2 series and spread nearly flat, about 20 in number; oblong, serrated; flowers terminal and axillary solitary; branches
they are round, and but a very little cordate. Those towards and
ovary
villous. h.G. Native of Japan and China. Sasánqua,
the centre of the flower are small and narrow, confusedly ar- Kæmpf. amon. 853. Staunt, icon. chin. 2. p. 466, with a figure.
ranged, like the centre petals of Walbank's White, and rise nearly This is a tree of middling size, with much smaller leaves and
upright, a few of them are small and incurved, with their sides flowers than C. Japónica. The leaves dried in the shade have a
compressed so as almost to have a tubular appearance. In the sweet smell; a decoction of them is used by the women in Japan
centre of the flower several small parcels of stamina sometimes to wash their hair with, and they are mixed with tea to give it a
appear, but they are not always discernible, unless closely ex- grateful odour ; indeed they are hardly to be distinguished from
amined.
the leaves of that plant. The flowers vary from single to semi-
To these 24 varieties may be added the Semi-double White double and double, white. This plant is also cultivated to a
and Rose-coloured Waratah, which have been ascertained to be great extent by nurserymen on account of the fragrance and
different from any of those described above. The first was
elegance of its flowers.
purchased on the Continent in 1822 by Mr. Palmer. The Var. a; semidouble white. Ker, bot. reg. t. 12,
second was introduced from China by the Horticultural Society Var. ß; double white. Ker, bot. reg. t. 1091.
in 1824, neither of which has yet produced perfect flowers in Sasanqua or Lady Bank's Camellia. Fl. Jan. May. Clt. 1811.
the gardens.
Tree 10 feet.
N.B. There are numerous other names for varieties known 5 C. Ki'ssi (Wall. asiat. res. 13. p. 429.) leaves elliptical,
by gardeners, but they appear to be all synonymous with those serrulated, bluntly acuminate; flowers sessile, generally soli-
described above unless they are seedling varieties.
tary, axillary, and somewhat terminal, usually 4-petalled, and
with 3 distinct, furrowed, woolly styles, which are about equal in
** Names of seedling varieties which have been raised in the length to the stamens. h. G. Native of Nipaul at Narain-
gardens of Britain.
hetty, where it flowers in September, and where it is called
.

TERNSTREMIACEÆ. XXVI. CAMELLIA.
577
9
a
a
Kengna by the inhabitants. C. Keina, Hamil. mss. in D. Don, is a little bottom heat. A speedy mode of obtaining stocks is
prod. fl. nep. p. 924. This species is very like C. Sasánqua. by planting stools in a pit devoted to that purpose, and laying
,
The flowers are white and fragrant. It is called in the Newar them in autumn; the following autumn most of the layers will
language Kissi or Kissi-swa. The leaves of this shrub have a very be rooted, when they may be taken off and potted, and used as
strong but transient smell of tea, but their infusion possesses stocks the succeeding spring. Inarching or grafting is per-
only to a very slight degree its flavour, owing perhaps, as Mr. formed early in the spring, when the plants begin to grow; the
Gardner justly observes, to the defective manner of gathering chief care requisite is so to place and fix the pot containing the
and drying them for the trials which he instituted. It has also stock, as that it may not be disturbed during the connection of
been ascertained by Mr. Gardner that the Nipaulese extract an the scion with the parent plant. The graft being clayed over
oil from the seed of the Kissi by pressure, which is much valued is then covered with moss to prevent its cracking. When inde-
by them as a medicine.
pendent grafting is used, the mode called side grafting is generally
Kissi Camellia. Fl. Dec. to May. Clt. 1823. Shrub 7 feet. used, and the operation of tongueing is generally omitted. A few
6 C. OLEIFERA (Abel. chin. p. 174. with a figure,) leaves seeds are sometimes obtained from the single and semi-double
elliptic-oblong, acute, serrated, coriaceous, shining ; flowers soli- kinds; these require 2 years to come up, but they make the best
tary; calyxes silky, deciduous ; petals 5-6, 2-lobed. h. G. Na- stocks of any, but the seedlings are usually allowed to come into
tive of China. Lodd. bot. cab. 1065. This plant resembles the flower before they are grafted upon, in case some new variety
two preceding species. The flowers are very numerous, white, should be produced, but the best cultivators cross-impregnate the
and fragrant. The Chinese extract an oil from the seed by pres- blossoms by cutting off the stamens before the anthers burst, and
sure, which is in very general use in the domestic economy of when the stigma is in a perfect state, dusting it with the pollen
China. The seeds are white, and are as well as those of any of the kind intended for the male parent. C. Sasúnqua seeds
other species, reduced to a coarse powder, which is stewed or most readily, and is often employed as the female parent for
boiled in bags, and then pressed, when the oil is yielded. Dr. raising new varieties. The plants so raised from seed, if well
Abel, trav. 176.—Ker, bot. reg. 492.
treated, flower in 4 or 5 years, and if nothing new is produced
Oil-bearing Camellia. Fl. Nov. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
they still make excellent stocks. Henderson of Wood-hall, who is
7 C. DRUPIFERA (Lour. coch. 2. p. 499.) leaves ovate-ob- one of the most successful growers of Caméllias in Scotland,
long, somewhat crenated; flowers terminal in twos or threes, 8- uses the following compost : equal parts of light-brown mould,
petalled; drupe 4-celled. h. G. Native of Cochin-China, river sand and peat earth, and a little rotten leaves, mixed well
ħ
where it is also cultivated. The flowers are probably white. together; and when the camellias require shifting put some
The inhabitants of Cochin-china extract an oil from the seed by broken coal-char in the bottom of the pots, and some dry moss
pressure, which is used by them to anoint their hair, and for or Hypnum over it. (Cal. mem. 3. p. 316.)
various medical purposes; it has a pleasant odour, and does not Caméllias have the best effect, and are grown to most advan-
easily become rancid. It will perhaps prove a distinct genus tage, in a house entirely devoted to them. Such a house should
from Caméllia, as well as the following species.
be rather high than otherwise, as the plants never look so well
Drupe-bearing Camellia. Tree 10 feet.
as when 6 or 8 feet high, trained in a conic form, and clothed
8 C. EURYOÌDES (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 983.) leaves ovate-lan- with branches from the root upwards. The plants should be
ceolate, acuminate, serrated, silky beneath ; branches hairy ; raised near to the glass by means of a stage, which should be so
peduncles lateral, 1-flowered, scaly. Þ.G. Native of China. contrived that as they advance in height it may be lowered in
Lodd. bot. cab. 1493. Thèa euryoides, Booth in hort, trans. proportion; only the very best crown or patent glass should be
Flowers white.
used, because it is found that the least inequality of surface or
Eurya-like Camellia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub 4 ft. thickness of material, so operates on the sun's rays as to con-
Cult. All the species of Caméllia are universally admired by centrate them, and burn or produce blotches on the leaves.
every collector of plants, on account of their beautiful rose-like Το
grow Caméllias in perfection considerable care is requisite.
flowers, and elegant, dark-green, shining, laurel-like leaves. The roots are apt to get matted, so as after a time to render them
They are very hardy green-house plants, and are easy of cul- impervious to water. Hence frequent attention should be paid
ture, requiring only to be sheltered from severe frost. The best to see that the water poured on the pots moistens all the earth
soil for them is an equal quantity of good sandy loam and peat. equally, and does not pass by the sides and leave the middle or
Messrs. Loddiges find that light loam alone answers as well or principal part dry. When the plants are in a growing state they
better, and in the Comte de Vandes gardens at Bayswater rotten require to be liberally watered, and to have a greater degree of heat
dung is mixed with loam and peat. The pots should be well than that which is usually given to green-house plants. If this
drained with pieces of potsherds, that they may not get soddened heat and watering is not given in November and December, the
with too much wet, as nothing injures them more than over- plants will not expand their blossoms freely, neither will
watering, particularly when they are not in a growing state. vigorous shoots be supplied after the blossoming is over.
Το
When growing freely, they can scarcely have too much, and form handsome plants they should be trained with single stems
they should be watered all over the leaves with a fine rose pot. to rods, and pruned so as to make them throw out side branches
They are readily increased by cuttings or inarching on the com- from every part of the stem; to encourage this, the plants
moner kinds.
The cuttings should be taken off at a joint as should not be set too close together on the stage. In summer the
soon as they are ripened, and planted in sand under a hand-glass, plants should be set out of doors on a stratum of scoria or on
where they will soon strike root; when this is the case, they should pavement, in a sheltered but open situation, or the glass roof
be planted singly into small pots, and set in a close frame, and they may be taken off. Some kinds do very well if planted out in a
must afterwards be hardened to the air by degrees. (Sweet.) green-house conservatory. The single and double red Caméllia
The single red Caméllia Japónica is propagated by cuttings will endure the open air when trained against a south wall, and
or layers and seed for stocks, and on these the other kinds are protected by mats in winter. Henderson, of Wood-hall, gives
generally inarched or budded. Henderson, of Wood-hall near the following account of his mode of treating Caméllias: “The
Hamilton, puts in cuttings at any time of the year, except when best time for a regular shifting of the Caméllia is the month of
they are making young wood ; lets them remain in a vinery for February and beginning of March. After shifting all those that
a month or more, and then puts them in a hot-bed, where there require it, put them into a peach-house, vinery or pinery, or in
4 E
a
VOL. I.PART. VII.

578
TERNSTREEMIACEÆ. XXVI. CAMELLIA. XXVII. THEA.
the warmest part of a green-house. They will soon begin to tea country will produce Bohea-tea, and on the contrary that a
make young wood. From the time they begin to make their plant brought from the Bohea-tea country planted in the Green-
young shoots till they have finished their growth give them plenty tea country will produce Green-tea. The plant loves to grow
of water. They may be kept in the vinery or peach-house until in valleys, at the foot of mountains, and upon the banks of rivers,
they have formed their flower-buds, when a few of them may
be where it enjoys a southern exposure to the sun, though it endures
removed to a colder place, such as behind the stage of a green- considerable variation of heat and cold, as it flourishes in the
house, for the Caméllias are fond of being shaded during strong northern clime of Pekin, as well as about Canton, and it is ob-
sunshine. In three or four weeks after, a few more of the served, that the degree of cold is as severe in winter as some of
Caméllias may be brought out of the peach-house, and put into the southern parts of Europe. However, the best tea grows in
a colder situation. This may be repeated three or four times, a mild temperate climate, the country about Nankin producing
which will make as many different successions of flowering. better tea than either Pekin or Canton. In Japan the tea is
Those that are wanted to come into flower early may remain in planted round the borders of fields without regard to soil or
the warm house until they are beginning to flower, when they situation, but as the Chinese export great quantities, they plant
should be taken to a cold place, as the coldest place in the green- whole fields with it. The plants are raised from seeds sown
house, then give them plenty of light only, and they will open where they are to remain. Three or more are dropped into a
their flowers well, and stand long. A Caméllia cannot stand hole 4 or 5 inches deep; these come up without any further
heat when in flower, indeed they seldom open their flowers well trouble, and require little culture, except that of removing weeds.
when in heat, at all events the flowers soon fall off. Those that The leaves are not collected from the cultivated plants until
are kept all the summer in the vinery will come into flower by they are 3 years old, and after growing 7 or 10 years they are cut
the 1st or middle of October, and a pretty large plant, having down, in order that the numerous young shoots that will then
perhaps 50 or 100 flower-buds, will continue in flower till the rise may afford a greater supply of leaves. The best time to
month of January. Those plants that are removed early from gather the leaves is while they are small, young, and juicy. The
the vinery will now be in flower, to succeed those that were in first gathering of tea leaves, according to Kæmpfer, commences
flower in October, and have now done flowering. These last about the latter end of February, when the leaves are young,
should be immediately taken into the heat; they will make and unexpanded. The second collection is made about the be-
their young wood early, and they may remain in heat till they ginning of April, and the third in June. The first collection,
come into flower, which will perhaps be a month earlier next which only consists of fine tender leaves, is most esteemed, and
year. By attending to shifting the Camellia plants from the is called Imperial tea. The second is called Tootsjaa or Chinese
warm-house to the cold, a regular succession of flowers may tea, because it is infused and drank after the Chinese manner.
be had from the first of October to the middle of July."
The last, which is the coarsest and cheapest, is drank by the
The plants produce better flowers from November to April lower class of people. Besides the three kinds of tea here
than in the summer months, although they are sometimes to be noticed, it may be observed, that by sorting these the varieties
had all the
year
round. Caméllias delight to be kept damp all of tea become still further multiplied. The tea-trees that yield
the summer months, and a little shaded from the strong sun. often the finest leaves grow on the steep declivities of hills,
Give them plenty of water all the time they are making their where it is dangerous, and in some cases impracticable to collect
young shoots; they may also get a gentle sprinkling over the them. The Chinese are said to vanquish this difficulty by a
.
leaves once every week during the summer months, except when singular contrivance. The large monkies which inhabit these
they are in flower. Caméllias will stand a great deal of cold and cliffs are irritated, and in revenge they break off the branches
heat without being much injured, but they will not form many and throw them down, so that the leaves are thus obtained.
flower-buds without some artificial heat.
The leaves should be dried as soon as possible after they are
gathered. The buildings or drying houses contain from 5 to
XXVII. THE'A (altered from Tcha, the Chinese name for 10 or 20 small furnaces, about 3 feet high, each having at the
tea). Lin. gen. no. 668. D. C. prod. J. p. 530.
top a large flat iron pan. There is also a long low table, covered
Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Polyándria. Calyx of 5 sepals. with mats, on which the leaves are laid and rolled by workmen,
Petals 5-9, disposed in 2 or 3 rows, cohering at the very base. who sit round it; the iron pan being heated to a certain degree,
Stamens almost unconnected to the very base. Anthers roundish. a few pounds of fresh gathered leaves are put upon it, the fresh
Style trifid at the apex. Capsules 3-berried or 3-seeded; the and juicy leaves crak when they touch the pan, and it is the
dissepiments are formed from the edges of the valves being bent business of the operator to shift them as quick as possible with
inwards. (Gært. fruct t. 95.)- Beautiful evergreen shrubs, with
—
, his bare hands, till they become too hot to be easily endured.
shining laurel-like leaves, and largish, white, axillary, stalked At this instant the leaves are taken off with a kind of shovel,
flowers.
like a fan, and thrown on the mats before the rollers, who,
1 T. VIRIDIS (Lin. spec. 735.) leaves elliptic-oblong, serrated, taking small quantities at a time, roll them in the palms of their
3 times longer than broad; flowers of 5-sepals, and 5-7-petals, hands in one direction, while others are fanning them that they
axillary, solitary, erect; fruit nodding, dehiscent. h. F. Na- may cool the more speedily, and retain their curl the longer.
tive of China and Japan. Letts. mon. t. 1.--Black. herb. t. This process is repeated two or three times, or oftener, before
351. (but with the flower red.) T. Bohèa strícta, Ait. hort. kew. the tea is put into the stores, in order that all the moisture of
ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 303. T. Chinensis, Sims, bot. mag. t. 998. T. the leaves may be thoroughly dissipated, and their curl more
Chinensis, var. a víridis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 530. Camellia viridis, completely preserved. On every repetition the pan is less
Link. enum. 2. p. 73. Thèa Cantonénsis, Lour. coch. p. 339. heated, and the operation performed more slowly and cautiously.
-Lodd. bot. cab. 227.-Woodv. med. bot. suppl. 116. t. 256. The tea is then separated into the different kinds, and deposited
Leaves pale-green. Flowers spreading, white, fragrant.
in the store for domestic use or exportation. The country
All the different kinds of teas brought to this country from people cure their tea-leaves in earthen kettles, which answer
China are the produce of Thèa viridis, and the whole differences every necessary purpose at less trouble and expense than the
depend upon soil and climate, and the different ages and periods process described above, and they are thus enabled to sell it
at which their leaves are gathered, and different modes of drying. cheaper. After the tea has been kept for some months, it is
Dr. Lettsom observes, that a green-tea planted in the Bohea- taken out of the vessels in which it was stored, and dried again
1

TERNSTRCMIACEÆ, XXVII. Thea. OLACINEÆ.
579
over a very gentle fire, that it may be deprived of any humidity which is powerfully narcotic, but in a more recent state, as in
which remained, or it might have since contracted. That which China, it is still more powerfully narcotic, therefore the Chinese
is brought down to Canton undergoes a second roasting, winnow- never use it until it is one year old or more, till its volatile parts
ing, packing, &c. from whence it is sent to Europe.
are still further dissipated. It would, therefore, appear that
The Chinese know nothing of Imperial tea, flower of tea, what are considered the finer teas, contain more of this narcotic
and many other names which in Europe serve to distinguish principle than what are considered the coarser kinds, especially
the goodness and the price of tea ; but besides the common the green teas, as the more odorous teas in this country often
tea they distinguish two other kinds, viz. the Voui and shew their sedative powers in weakening the nerves of the
Soumlo, which are reserved for people of the first quality, and stomach, and indeed of the whole system. Its effects, however,
those who are sick. We have two principal kinds of tea in seem to be very different in different persons, and hence the
Europe, viz. Green tea, which is the common tea of the Chi- contradictory accounts that are reported of these effects.
nese ; T. Le Compte calls it Bing-tea, and says it is gathered in The substitutes for teas used by the Chinese may be mentioned.
April ; Bohea tea, which is the Voui or Vou-tcha of the Chinese, A species of moss common to the mountains or Shantung, an in-
M. Le Compte makes to differ from the Green tea only by its fusion of ferns of different sorts, and Dr. Abel thinks that the
being gathered a month before it, viz. in March, while in the bud. leaves of the common Caméllia and oil Caméllia may be added,
Others take it for the tea of some particular province, the soil and Kæmpfer asserts that in Japan, a species of Caméllia, as
being found to make as much alteration in the properties of tea as well as O'lea fràgrans, is used to give tea a high flayour. By
the time of gathering. As to the difference of flavour and colour far the strongest tea Dr. Abel tasted in China was that called
peculiar to these two kinds, Dr. Lettsom thinks that there is rea- Yutien, used only on occasions of ceremony. It scarcely colour-
son to suspect that they are produced by art. As to the opinion ed the water, and on examination it was found to consist of buds
that green tea owes its verdure to an inflorescence acquired and half-expanded leaves. As more select sorts of tea, the
from the plates of copper on which it is supposed to be curled flowers of Caméllia Sasánqua appear to be collected; the buds
or dried, there is no foundation for the suspicion, as the infu- also appear to be gathered in some cases.
sions undergo no change on the affusion of volatile alkali, which Common or Green Tea. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1768. Shrub
would detect the minutest portion of copper by turning the 3 to 6 feet.
liquors blue. On the whole, Dr. Lettsom thinks it not impro- 2 T. Bone'a (Lin. spec. 743.) leaves elliptical-oblong, obtuse,
bable that some green dye, prepared from vegetable substances, crenated, twice as long as broad; flowers of 5 sepals, and 5
5 , 5
is employed in the colouring of the leaves of the green teas. petals, axillary, twin or tern. ħ. G. Native of China and Japan.
And Newmann suspects that the brown colour and flavour of Blackw. herb. t. 352. Letts. mon. ed. 1. with a figure. Lois.
the bohea teas are introduced by art. Both convey their own herb. amat, t. 255. Lodd. bot. cab. 226. T. Chinensis ß Bohèa,
particular colour to water, but to rectified spirits they both im- Sims, bot. t. 998. D. C. prod. 1. p. 530. Leaves dark-green,
part a fine deep-green. Savory speaks of a sort of red tea or coriaceous. Flowers spreading, white. This is falsely called
Tartar tea, called Honan-tcha, which tinges the water of a pale- Bohea tea, as we find the Bohea teas of the shops, as well as
red; it is said to be extremely digestive; by means of it the other kinds, both green and black, to be the leaves of the former
Tartars are said to be able to feed on raw flesh. The drink tea is species.-Kæmpf. amoen. t. 606.
made in China and the greatest part of the East in the same man-
Bohea Tea. Fl. Nov. Feb. Cit. 1780. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
ner as in Europe. The Japanese are said to prepare their liquor 3 T. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (Lour. coch. 338.) leaves lanceolate;
in a somewhat different manner, by pulverizing the leaves, stirring flowers of 3-5-sepals and 5 petals, solitary, terminal ; fruit
the powder in hot water, and drinking it as we do coffee. The 3-lobed, usually 1-seeded, opening at the apex. h.G. Native
Chinese are always taking tea, especially at meals, sometimes 3, in the north of Cochin-china, where it is also cultivated. Flowers
6, or 10 times a day; it is the chief treat with which they regale white. This species is used by the inhabitants of Cochin-china
their friends.
medicinally, especially in hot weather, as a sudorific and refri-
With regard to the commercial history of tea, it was first
gerent in decoction.
introduced into Europe by the Dutch East India Company Cochin-china Tea. Shrub 8 feet.
very early in the 17th century, and a quantity of it was 4 T. OLEÒSA (Lour. coch. 339.) leaves lanceolate ; fowers
brought over from Holland by Lord Arlington and Lord Os- of 6-sepals and 6-petals; peduncles 3-flowered, axillary; fruit
sory about the year 1666, at which time it was sold for 60s, a indehiscent. h.G.
h.G. Native of China about Canton. Flowers
pound. But it appears, even before this time, drinking of tea white. An oil is obtained from the seed of this shrub, which
even in public coffee-houses in this country was not uncommon,
the inhabitants of China use both for the table, and to burn in
for in 1660 a duty of 8d. per gallon was laid on the liquor made lamps. The fruit is more of a berry than a capsule. It is pro-
and sold in all coffee-houses. The present consumption of it is bably Camellia oleifera of Abel.
immense, both amongst the rich and the poor.
Oily Tea. Shrub 8 feet.
Tea is extolled as the greatest of all medicines, moderately and Cult. For the cultivation and propagation see Caméllia. The
properly taken ; it acts as a gentle astringent and corroborative; species only require to be protected from severe frost.
it strengthens the stomach and bowels, and is good against nau-
seas, indigestions, and diarrhoeas. It acts as a diaphoretic and
diuretic. The immoderate use of it is, however, very prejudicial.
It refreshes the spirits in heaviness and sleepiness, and seems
ORDER XXXVIII. OLACI'NEÆ (plants agreeing with O'lax
to counteract the effects of inebriating liquors. The activity
in important characters). Mirb. bull. philom. 1813. no. 75. p.
of tea chiefly resides in the fragrant and volatile parts, which 377. D. C. prod. 1. p.
531.
stands charged as the cause of those nervous affections that are Calyx of 1 sepal (f. 100. a.), somewhat toothed, at length
said to be produced or aggravated by the use of this liquor. usually enlarged and baccate (f. 100. h.), perhaps it is an involu-
From Dr. Smith's experiments it appears that green tea has the
effect of destroying the sensibility of the nerves and the irritability
crum. Petals (sepals?) 4-6, hypogynous, rather 'coriaceous, valvate
of the muscles; and from the experiments of Dr. Lettsom it ap-
in æstivation, sometimes free, sometimes all or some of them con-
pears that green tea gives out on distillation an odorous water, nected by pairs (f. 100. 6.), and therefore appear semibifid (f.
b
4 E 2

580
OLACINEÆ. I. Olax. II. SPERMAXYRUM.
h. S.
100. d.). Appendages hair-formed or filiform, simple (f. 100.
d.), or bifid, rising from the disk of the petals or near the mar-
§ 1. Petals double or about double the number of the anthe-
gins of them (f. 100.c.). Stamens 3 (f. 100. 6.) to 10, hypogy- riferous stamens.
nous (f. 100. 6.) or epipetalous; filaments compressed, awl-
1. O'LAX (so called, as Linnæus informs us, from olač, olax,
shaped ; anthers cordate-oblong, erect, 2-celled ; ovary free, 1
a furrow, but how it applies to the plant we are not informed;
(f. 100.i.) -4-celled; cells 1-seeded. Style 1, filiform (f. 100. e.).
nor is the difficulty of the question lessened by the name being
Fruit somewhat drupaceous, indehiscent, girded by the large ranged in Phil. Bot. among those which allude to the medicinal
fleshy calyx, 1-celled, 1-seeded from abortion (f. 100. h. i.). effects of the plants that bear them). Lin. amoen. 1. p. 387.
Gært. fruct. 3. p. 119. t. 201. D. C. prod. 1.
Seed pendulous, umbilicate at the base. Albumen fleshy, large.
531.
p.
LIN. SYST. Triándria, Monogynia. Calyx small, entire,
Embryo small, enclosed in the albumen, egg-shaped, basilar, with
becoming large and baccate after flowering. Petals 6, joined to
the radicle directed towards the umbilicus, and with continuous
the middle by pairs, or 3 semibifid ones; with 6 bifid, filiform
cotyledons. ,
Smooth trees or shrubs, with simple, stalked, al- appendages, one of which is inserted in the disk of each of the
ternate, exstipulate, entire leaves, rarely without, and small axil- petals. Stamens 3 ; filaments connected with the petals, and
therefore bear an ovate anther between each fissure.
lary flowers. The place which this order should occupy in the
Drupe
dry, 1-seeded, surrounded by the calyx. Flowers in axillary
natural system is extremely doubtful. If the calyx is to be
racemes. Leaves entire, ovate-oblong, 1-nerved, entire.
considered an involucre and the petals a calyx, then Olacíneæ 1 O. ZEYLA'NICA (Lin. spec. 49.) leaves ovate, pointed,
must come in the subclass Monochlamýdeæ, not far from San- smooth ; branches angular, flaccid ; stem unarmed.
talàceæ, but if the corolla and calyx are admitted the order comes
Native of Ceylon. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 7. Flowers white.
into subclass Calyciflòræ, not far from Sapòteæ, but if the petals
Ceylon Olax. Tree 20 feet.
20. SCA'NDENS (Roxb. cor. 2. p. 102.) leaves elliptical, ob-
are to be considered as distinct or variously joined, Olacineæ must
tuse, pubescent beneath; branches round, climbing ; stem armed
be admitted into subclass Thalamiflòræ.
with strong prickles. h.v. S. Native of Coromandel. Flowers
white, with yellow appendages. Drupe yellow.
Synopsis of the Genera.
Climbing Olax. Fl. year. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
3 O. IMBRICA'TA (Roxb. in fi. ind. 1. p. 169.) climbing; leaves
bifarious ; ovate-lanceolate or oblong, entire, glossy ; racemes
§ 1. Petals twice the number of the antheriferous stamens.
axillary, bifariously imbricated before the flowers expand; drupes
ovate. h. v. S. Native of the East Indies at Chittagong.
1 O'LAx. Calyx entire. Petals 6, joined to the middle by
Flowers white, with yellowish appendages.
pairs. Appendages 6, filiform, bifid. Stamens 3, adnate with
Imbricated-racemed Olax. Fl. July. Clt. 1820. Shrub
each other and with the petals.
climbing
2 SPERMA XYRUM. Calyx entire (f. 100. a.), not enlarging. 4 O. OBTU'SA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 663.)
Petals 5, 4 of which are joined to the middle by pairs, and shrubby ; leaves bifarious, ovate or, oval-oblong, very blunt,
with the stamens, the middle one free. Appendages filiform, pubescent beneath as well as the terete branches; spikes axil-
with the stamens, the middle one free. Appendages filiform, fary, very short, bifariously imbricated before expansion ; drupe
simple (f. 100. d.). Stamens 3 (f. 100. b.), 2 of which are
globose. N. v. S.
S. Native of Java.
adnate to the petals, the third free (f. 100. b.).
Obtuse-leaved Olax. Shrub climbing.
3 Fissi'lia. Calyx entire, enlarged. Petals 5, 4 of which are Cult. The species of Olax will thrive well in a mixture of
joined by pairs and with the stamens, the fifth free. Appendages
loam and sand; and cuttings will strike root in sand under a
filiform, simple. Stamens 3,2 of which are adnate to the petals,
hand-glass, in heat.
the third free.
II. SPERMA'XYRUM (from otepua, sperma, a seed,
§ 2. Stamens double the number of the petals.
ašvpa, axyra, an anchor. The umbilicle funicle is of the form
4 HEISTE'RIA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, distinct. Stamens
of an anchor). Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 84.–Olax, R. Brown, prod.
10. Style crowned by a trifid stigma.
1. p. 358.-D. C. prod 1. p. 352.
.
LIN. Syst. Triándria, Monogynia. Calyx small, entire, not
5 XIME'NIA. Calyx 4-cleft. Petals 4, hairy inside, con- enlarging after flowering (f. 100. h.). Petals 5, 4 of which
niving at the base, revolute at the top.
top. Stamens 8.
are united to the middle by pairs, as well as to the filaments of
6 GELA. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4, linear, smooth. Sta-
stamens, both are therefore semibifid, the fifth is unconnected
mens 8. Stigma bifid.
and entire. Appendages or nectaries simple, filiform (f. 100.
d.). Stamens 3, 2 of which adhere to the joined petals, the
+ Genera not sufficiently known.
third is free (f. 100. b.). Ovary 1-celled, containing 3 ovulæ ;
ovulæ hanging from the apex of the central, filiform column.
7 Pseudale'ia. Calyx nearly entire. Petals 3, conniving arranged along the branches as if they were the leaflets of a
-.
into a tube. Stamens 6, adnate to the petals. Appendages pinnate leaf, disposed on their petiole. Flowers small, sometimes
filiform, bifurcate, on each side of the petals.
polygamous from abortion.
8 PSEUDALELOÌDES. Calyx small, entire.
Petals 4, une-
qual, conniving at the base. Stamens 6, adnate to the petals.
§ 1. Phyllanthoideæ (Phyllanthus and idea, like ; plants
9 ICACÌNA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Style with the habit of Phyllanthus). D. C. prod. 1. p.
533. Leaves
crowned by a truncate stigma.
disposed in 2 rows along the branches. Peduncles 1-flowered.

OLACINEÆ. II. SperMAXYRUM. III. FissiliA. IV. HeisteRIA. V. XIMENIA.
HEISTERIA
581
.
h.s.
a
06 -
§ 2.
1 S. PHYLLA'NTHI (Lab. nov.
FIG. 100.
at the top of the seeds, with the radicle pointing towards the
holl. 2. t. 233.) leaves oval, retuse.
hilum. Unarmed trees, with alternate, entire, exstipulate, co-
h. G. Native of New Holland
riaceous leaves, with the petioles jointed at the base. Flowers
in Van Lewin's Land. Oláx phyl-
her small, axillary, with the pedicels jointed at the base.
lánthi, R. Br. prod. 1.
1. p. 358.
1 H. COCCI'NEA (Jacq. amer. 126. t. 81.) leaves lanceolate,
Flowers white ?
rounded at the base, shining ; flowers twin or numerous, axil-
Phyllanthus-like Spermaxyrum.
lary; calyx when in fruit spreading, with obtuse lobes.
Shrub 6 feet.
Native of Martinique in woods, where it is vulgarly called Bois
2 S. STRICTUM (D. C. prod. 1.
perdrix by the French inhabitants, because birds are very fond
p. 532.) leaves oblong-linear, mu-
of the fruit, and of Brazil at Rio Janeiro. Lam. ill. 354. Smith,
cronate. h. G. Native of New
in Rees' cycl. 17. no. 1. Flowers small, white. The calyx
Holland about Port Jackson. Oláx
is dark-purple when the fruit is ripe.
strícta, R. Brown, prod. 1. p. 358.
Scarlet-calyxed Heisteria. Fl. Dec. Clt. Tree 15 feet.
Straight Spermaxyrum. Clt.
2 H. CAULIFLÒRA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 2.) leaves oblong,
1820. Shrub 6 feet.
al sometimes obovate, tapering to the base; flowers rising from
the naked stem and branches; calyx closed when in fruit, deeply-
lobed. h.s. Native of Dutch Guiana. Flowers small and
probably white.
Osyroideæ (Osyris and idea, like; plants with the habit Stem-flowered Heisteria. Tree 60 feet?
of Osýris). D. C. prod. 1. p. 532. Leaves like scales, almost 3 H. PARVIFÒLIA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 3.) leaves ovate,
none; flowers almost sessile in the axils of the scales, and appear acute, shining; flowers axillary; calyx when in fruit spreading,
as if constituting a terminal spike.
with deep ovate lobes. h.S. Native of Sierra Leone. Branches
rather flattened. Recesses of calyx reflexed. Flowers small
3 S. APHYÖLLUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 532.) leaves almost want- and probably white. Calyx red.
ing ; flowers sessile, somewhat spiked. K.S. Native of New Small-leaved Heisteria. Tree.
Holland between the tropics. Oláx aphylla, R. Br. prod. 1. Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam,
p. 358. Flowers whitish.
sand, and peat; and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-
Leafless Spermaxyrum. Sh. 6 feet.
glass, in heat.
Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam
and peat; and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass.
V. XIME'NIA (Francis Ximenes, a Spanish monk, who
has published four books on the plants which are used in me-
III. FISSI'LIA (from fissus, cloven ; four of the petals dicine, and animals of New Spain). Plum. gen. 6. t. 21. D. C.
.
being joined at the base, appear as if they were cloven at the
prod. 1. p. 533.
apex). Comm. in Juss. gen. 260. D. C. prod. 1. p. 532.
LIN. SYST. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 4-cleft,
LIN. SYST.
Triandria, Monogynia. Calyx entire, en-
permanent, not enlarged when in fruit. Petals 4, hairy inside
larging after flowering. Petals 5, 4 of which are connected
and conniving at the base, revolute above, valvate in æstivation.
together by pairs to the middle, and are therefore semibifid, the Stamens 8, with capillary filaments, 4 of which are opposite
fifth one free. Appendages or nectaries filiform, simple. Sta- the petals. Anthers fixed by the base, 2-celled, bursting length-
mens 3, 2 of which are adnate to the connected petals and ad-
wise at the sides. Ovary 4-celled, 4-seeded. Stigma trifid. Drupe
hering a considerable way, the third one free; filaments flat ; olive-formed, 1-celled, 1-seeded from abortion. Trees or shrubs,
anthers elliptical, oscillatory. Ovary 3-celled, 3-seeded. Drupe usually armed with spines
, with alternate, ovate, or lanceolate
,
dry, 1-seeded, girded by the cup-like calyx.
exstipulate leaves and male axillary flowers.
1 F. PSITACCO'RUM (Lam. dict, and illus. t. 28.). h.S. Na- 1 X. America'na (Lin. spec. 497.) branches spinose, pe-
tive of Mauritius. O'lax psitaccòrum, Vahl. enum. 2. p. 33. duncles axillary, many-flowered, umbellate, the lower ones
Branches stiff. Leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate, nerveless. usually changed into spines ; leaves oblong, entire.
Racemes axillary, few-flowered. Flowers small, white. Parrots Native of South America. Flowers small, greenish-yellow inside,
are very fond of the fruit of this tree, whence the specific name. sweet-scented. The fruit is yellow, about the size of a pigeon's
Parrot Fissilia. Tree 20 feet.
egg, of a somewhat acid sweet taste, and is eaten by the natives.
Cult. This tree will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat; Var. a, ovàta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 533.) leaves ovate.
and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
Native of the West Indies and Brazil, X. multiflòra, Jacq.
amer. 106. t. 277. f. 31. Lam. ill. t. 297. f. 1. Fruit yellow,
§ 2. Stamens double the number of the petals.
drupaceous. Petals greenish.
Var. B, oblonga (D. C. prod. 1. p. 533.) leaves oblong.
IV. HEISTE'RIA (in honour of Laurence Heister, a cele- h.s. Native of Guiana. Heymassòli spinosa, Aubl. guian. 1.
brated physician and anatomist, once Professor of Botany at p. 324. t. 125.-Lam, ill. t. 297. f. 2.
Helmstadt; died in 1758). Lin. gen. no. 535. but not of Berg. American Ximenia. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1759. Sh. 15 ft.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 532.
2 X. ELLIPTICA (Forst. prod. no. 162.) branches unarmed ;
LIN. SYST.
Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-cleft, peduncles many-flowered ; leaves elliptical-lanceolate. ħ. S.
becoming very much enlarged after flowering, and cup-shaped, Native of New Caledonia. Flowers small, yellowish?
with a spreading border. Petals 5, distinct. Stamens 10; Elliptical-leaved Ximenia. Tree 15 feet.
with flat filaments and roundish anthers. Style short. Stigma 3 X. INE'RMIS (Lin. spec. 497.) unarmed; pedicels 1-flowered;
trifid. Ovary 3-celled, each containing 1 ovula. Drupe 1-
leaves ovate. h. S. Native of Jamaica. Liman. hort. jam.
celled, 1-seeded from abortion, the form of an olive, half hid
156. Flowers small, greenish-yellow.
by the permanent calyx; seed pendulous. Integument thin. Unarmed Ximenia. Clt. 1818. Tree 15 feet.
Albumen very fleshy. Embryo small, situated near the hilum 4 X.? Fe'rox (Poir. dict. suppl. no. 3.) peduncles somewhat
2. p. 156.
h. S.
h. S.

582
OLACINEÆ. VI. GELA. VII. PSEUDALEIA. VIII. PSEUDALEIOIDES. IX. ICACINA. AURANTIACEÆ.
9
a
a
umbellate ; branches spinose ; leaves roundish, coriaceous, al- plant with that of Chrysobúlanus Icàco, a name given by the
most sessile, pubescent. n. S. Native of Hispaniola. Flowers Americans to the fruit of that shrub). Adr. Juss. mem. soc.
small, yellowish ?
hist. nat. par. 1823. 1. p. 174. D. C. prod. 1. p.
534.
Fierce-branched Ximenia. Tree?
LIN. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-cleft,
Cult. The species of Ximènia thrive well in a mixture of usually permanent. Petals 5, valvate in the bud, alternating
loam and peat; and cuttings will root in sand under a hand- with the lobes of the calyx and 3-times larger than them, villous
glass, in heat.
on the inside at the base. Stamens 5, erect, alternating with
the petals. Anthers cordate, fixed by their middle, 2-celled ;
VI. GELA (from yela, gela, the light of the sun, which is
cells opening lengthwise. Style simple, incurved, truncate at
from yelew, geleo, to shine ; in allusion to the shining leaves). fleshy, containing a large nut.
,
the apex. Ovary seated on a glandular disk, l-celled. Fruit
Lour. coch. 1. p. 285.--Sèlas, Spreng. syst. 2.
A shrub with simple, alternate,
.
p. 172.
Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx very short, 4-
exstipulate, short-stalked, ovate, entire, reticulately-nerved
LIN. SYST
parted. Petals 4, linear, smooth. Stamens 8. Anthers
leaves, and small panicles of white flowers.
1 I. SENEGALE'NSIS (Ad. de Juss. 1. c. t. 9.). h.s. Native
roundish. Style 1. Stigma bifid. Drupe 1-seeded. A little
all along the coast of Guinea by the sea-side. Chrysobálanus
tree, with ovate, shining, quite entire, opposite leaves, and small
lùtea, Hort. trans. 5. p. 453. This is a spinose shrub, it has
.
yellowish flowers disposed in axillary corymbs.
much the habit of Citrus limonum. The fruit is about the size
1 G. LANCEOLA'TA (Lour. cochin. 4. p. 285.). N.G. Native
of Cochin-china. Sèlas lanceolatum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 216.
of an Orlean's plum, of a yellow colour, with a flavour much
Ximènia lanceolàta. D. C. prod. 1. p. 533.
resembling that of noyeau.
Lanceolate-leaved Gela. Clt. 1823. Shrub 5 feet.
Senegal Icacina. Fl. April, May. Shrub 10 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit this shrub
Cult. This shrub would thrive in this country in a mixture
of
well; and cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass.
one-quarter loam and three-quarters sand, which should be
repeatedly watered with salted water, and ripened cuttings will
probably root in sea-sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
ofo Genera not sufficiently known, but certainly belonging to
the present order.
ORDER XXXIX. AURANTIA CEÆ (plants agreeing with
VII. PSEUDALE'IA (yevdo, pseudo, false, elata, elaia, an the Orange in important characters). Corr. ann. mus. 6.
p.
376.
olive ; form of fruit like that of an olive). Pet. Th. gen. mad. Mirb. bull. phil. 1813. p. 379. D. C. prod. 1. p. 535.
no. 51. D. C. prod. 1. p.
533.
LIN. SYST. Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, nearly
Calyx urceolate, campanulate, somewhat adnate to the disk,
entire. Petals 3, conniving into a tube. Filaments 6, adnate
short, 3-5-toothed (f. 101. a.), marcescent. Petals 3-5 (f. 101.
to the petals, hence they appear epipetalous. Capillary threads b.), broadest at the base, sometimes free, sometimes a little con-
forked at the apex on each side of the petals. Ovary conical. nected at the base, inserted on the outside of the disk, imbricate
Style length of corolla. Stigma 3-lobed.
Drupe spherical
, in æstivation by the margins. Stamens equal in number with
1-seeded. Seeds exalbuminous. Embryo with indistinct fleshy
cotyledons. From the flowers this shrub appears to be inter-
the petals, or double, or multiple (f. 101. c.) that number; fila-
mediate between O'lax and Heistèria, but the seed is truly
ments flat at the base, sometimes free, sometimes variously con-
distinct.
nected in many bundles, sometimes truly monadelphous, but
1 P. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 533.) ñ. S.
h
always free at the apex, and subulate. Anthers terminal, in-
Native of Madagascar. A little branching tree, with alternate
serted by the base, erect. Ovary ovate, many-celled (f. 101. d.).
smooth leaves, and axillary few-flowered peduncles. O`lax pseu-
dalèia. Willd. in Steud. nom. Flowers white ?
Style 1, terete, crowned by a thick subdivided stigma. M. De-
а
Madagascar Pseudaleia. Shrub 10 feet.
candolle thus explains the structure of the fruit, the orange ;
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree very first, of a thick, valveless, indehiscent indusium or coat, which is
well; and cuttings will root in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat. most likely to be considered a continuous torus; secondly, of
several carpels in a whorl, around an imaginary axis, often
VIII. PSEUDALEIOI'DES (in reference to its similarity to separable without laceration, membranous, and either containing
the foregoing genus). Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 52. D. C. prod. 1. seeds only, or filled with pulp, lying in innumerable little bags,
proceeding from the inner coat of the cells. Seeds situated in
Lin. syst. Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, entire.
LINSYST.
.
Petals 4, unequal, broad and connivent at the base. Stamens
the carpels, fixed to their inner angles, numerous or solitary, ex-
6, with broad filaments, unequally applied to the petals, and
albuminous, usually pendulous, often inclosing many embryos.
appear to be inserted in them. Anthers inserted by their apex. Seed-cover usually marked with a raphis and cup-shaped chalaza.
Ovary 1-seeded. Style length of corolla. Stigmas 3, globose. Embryo straight, with a retracted superior radicle, turned to-
Fruit unknown.
wards the hilum, and large thick cotyledons, which are auricled
1 P. THOUA'RsII(D. C. prod. 1. p. 533.). ħ. S. Native of
Madagascar. A weak shrub with alternate leaves and unilateral
at the base, and a conspicuous plumule.—This order consists of
few-flowered racemes. O'lax pseudaleioides, Willd. in Steud.
smooth trees and shrubs of the greatest beauty and utility.
nom. Flowers small, and probably white.
The leaves are alternate, articulated above the stem, sometimes
Du Petit Thouars's Pseudaleioides. Shrub 6 feet.
Cult. See Pseudalèia for cultivation and propagation.
compound, with one or many pairs of leaflets, the terminal one
always standing on a winged, leafy or dilated petiole, which is
furnished with a joint, sometimes simple, with a dilated, jointed
A genus allied to Olacìneæ.
petiole, and sometimes reduced to the dilated petiole, the terminal
IX. ICACI'NA (this name refers to the similarity of the leaflet being abortive. Axillary spines not always present. The
a
p. 533.

AURANTIACEÆ. I. ATALANTIA. II. TRIPHASIA. III. LIMONIA.
583
p
.
leaves, indusium of fruit, stamens, filaments, petals, and calyx I. ATALA'NTIA (from Atalanta, the daughter of Schæneus,
abounding in transparent reservoirs of odoriferous oil, which are so swift that she promised to marry him who outran her, but
was overtaken by Hippomanes by casting three golden apples in
the most obvious characters. This oil possesses powerful tonic
her way. The fruit of this tree is of a golden-yellow colour.)
and stimulating properties. The flowers are fragrant, and the
Corr. ann. mus. 6. p. 383. D. C. prod. 1. p. 535.
p
fruit in all cases fleshy, and generally eatable. The well known
LIN. SYST. Monadélphia, Octándria. Calyx 4-toothed. Pe-
orange, lemon, lime, and shaddock are the representatives of this tals 4. Stamens 8, monadelphous at the base, but are uncon-
nected at the apex. Anthers terminal. Pistil villous. Fruit
order.
spherical, 4-celled, 4-seeded.--A thorny shrub, with simple
Synopsis of the Genera.
leaves.
1 A. MONOPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 535.) Þ.S. Native
1 ATALA'NTIA. Parts of flower quaternary. Stamens 8,
of the East Indies. Limònia monophylla, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 59.
monadelphous, but free at the apex. Anthers terminal. Fruit
t. 83. Leaves ovate-oblong, emarginate at the apex. Spines
4-celled, 4-seeded. Leaves simple.
small, simple. Racemes axillary. Flowers small, white. Fruit
2 TRIPHA'SIA. Parts of flower ternary.
.
Stamens 6, free, yellow, about the size of a nutmeg, very like a lime, and is called
by the Hindoos wild lime.
rarely 5 or 8. Anthers rather sagittate. Fruit 3-celled, rarely
One-leaved Atalantia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1777. Shrub 8 ft.
2-4. Cells l-seeded. Leaves simple or ternate,
Cult. Atalántia will succeed well in a mixture of loam and
3 LIMÒNIA. Parts of flower quaternary or quinary. Stamens peat, and ripened cuttings planted in sand under a hand-glass
free, 8-10, rarely 4-5. Fruit pulpy, 4-5-celled. Cells 1-seeded. will root readily, in heat.
Leaves simple or trifoliate.
4 SCLERÓSTYLIS. Parts of flower quaternary or quinary.
II. TRIPHA'SIA (from tpipacios, triphasios, triple; in
allusion to the calyx being 3-toothed, and the 3 petals.) Lour.
Stamens 8-10. Anthers cordate. Fruit dry, 1-2-celled ; cells
fl. coch. 1. p. 189. D. C. prod. 1. p. 535.
1-2-seeded. Leaves simple, trifoliate or pinnate.
LIN. SYST. Hexa-Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-toothed.
-.
5 Cookia. Parts of flower quinary. Stamens 10, free. Petals 3. Stamens 6, unconnected, rarely 5 or 8; filaments
Anthers roundish or, cordate. Fruit baccate, subglobose, 5- awl-shaped, flat.
5-
flat. Anthers somewhat sagittate. Fruit 1-3-
celled; cells 1-seeded. Leaves pinnate.
celled ; cells 1-seeded, filled with mucilage. Embryos many
in the seed.--Shrubs, furnished with straight axillary spines,
6 MURRA'YA. Parts of flower quinary. Stamens 10, free.
and with simple or trifoliate leaves.
Anthers roundish. Fruit fleshy, 1-2-celled ; cells 1-seeded. 1 T. MONOPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 536.) leaves simple, ob-
Leaves pinnate.
long. . S. Native in the island of Timor. Leaves almost
7 MICROME'LUM. Calyx entire.
Calyx entire. Petals 5. Stamens 10,
sessile, blunt. Racemes small in the axils of the spines, shorter
free. . Anthers roundish, didymous. Fruit dry, 5-celled; cells
than the leaves. Flowers small, white. Fruit unknown. This
shrub has the habit of Atalántia, but with the flower of Triphà-
1-2-seeded. Leaves pinnate.
sia. Fruit 5-celled ?
8 AGLAI'A. Parts of flower quinary. Stamens 5, monadel- One-leaved Triphasia. Shrub 6 feet.
phous, with the anthers inclosed. Fruit baccate, 1-seeded. 2 T. SARMENTÓSA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p.
Leaves pinnate.
663.) arboreous; stem prickly; branches sarmentose, hooked ;
leaves ternate and simple ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, quite en-
9 BERGE'RA. Parts of flower quinary. Stamens 10, free.
Anthers roundish. Fruit baccate, usually l-celled, l-seeded.
tire, stalked; corymbs axillary. h... Native of Java. Calyx
;
3-4-toothed. Stamens 8. Fruit egg-shaped, 2-3-celled, 2-3-
Leaves pinnate.
seeded, full of mucilaginous pulp.
10 CLAUCE'NA. Parts of flower quaternary or quinary. Sta- Rambling Triphasia. Tree.
mens 8-10; filaments dilated at the base, and conniving. An-
3 T. TRIFOLIA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 536.) leaves 3-foliate ;
thers ovate-roundish. Fruit nearly dry, 1-celled, 1-seeded from
leaflets ovate, retuse, emarginate at the top, the lateral ones
smallest. h. S. Native of the East Indies, Cochin-china,
abortion. Leaves pinnate.
and China. Limònia trifoliata, Lin. mant. 237. Jacq. icon.rar.
11 GLYCO'smis. Parts of flower quinary.
Parts of flower quinary. Stamens 10, flat. t. 463. Andr. bot. rep. t. 143. T. Aurantìola, Lour. p. 153.
Anthers elliptical. Fruit fleshy, 1-2-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
Leaves on short petioles, trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, terminal one
usually emarginate. Flowers white, sweet smelling. Stamens
12 FERÒNIA. Parts of flower quinary. Stamens 10, free,
6. Fruit of a red-bay colour, soft, the size of a hazel-nut.
The pulp is colourless, very sweet, with a slight taste of turpen-
dilated and villous at the base. Anthers oblong.
Anthers oblong. Fruit bac- tine ; before it is ripe glutinous, and tasting strong of turpen-
cate, many-celled ; cells many-seeded. Leaves pinnate.
tine. Loureiro says, that the berry is red, and ovate like those
13 ÆGLE. Parts of flower ternary or quinary (f. 101.6.).
of coffee, but only half the size, covered with a thin pellicle, and
Stamens 30-40, free (f. 101.c.). Anthers long, linear, mucro-
containing a clammy, sweet, inodorous, eatable pulp, and a single
ovate seed.
nate. Fruit baccate, woody, turbinately-globose, many-celled Trifoliate Triphasia. Fl. May, July. Shrub 5 feet.
5 .
(f. 101. d.); cells many-seeded. Leaves trifoliate.
Cult. The species of Triphàsia will grow well in a mixture
14 Citrus. Parts of flower usually quinary. Calyx 3-5-
of turfy loam and peat; but care must be taken not to sodden
cleft. Petals 5-8. Stamens 20-60 ; filaments compressed,
them with water during winter. Cuttings not too ripe, but
more or less connected at the base into many bundles. Fruit
ripened at the base, will root readily in sand under a hand-glass,
in heat.
baccate, 7-12-celled; cells many-seeded, pulpy. Leaves simple,
with a flat or winged petiole.
III. LIMO'NIA (Lymoun is the Arabic name of the citron.
Leaves pinnate.
a

584
AURANTIACEÆ. III. LIMONIA. IV. SCLEROSTYLIS.
.
The species of this genus have the appearance of the citron as 11 L. MINUTA (Forst. prod. no. 190.) leaves pinnate ; ra-
well as its acid fruit). Lin. gen. no. 524. D. C. prod. 1. p. 536. cemes corymbose, terminal. h. S. Native of the Friendly
LIN. SYST.
Octo-Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-parted. Islands, Flowers white.
Petals 4-5. Stamens unconnected, equal or double the number Minute Limonia. Shrub.
of petals. Fruit baccate, pulpy, 4-5-celled; cells 1-seeded.
**** Leaves impari-pinnate, with winged petioles.
This genus includes an heterogeneous mass of species.
Spines
axillary. True Limònia.
* Leaves simple. The genus to which these plants should be
12 L. ACIDISSIMA (Lin. mant. 380.) leaves with 2 pairs of
referred is doubtful, owing to the parts of fructification being obovate, somewhat emarginate leaflets ; _spines solitary ; fruit
insufficiently known.
egg-shaped. h. S. Native of the East Indies.—Rumph.
1 L. LUCIDA (Forst. prod. no. 191.) leaves simple ; peduncles amb. 2. t. 43. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, whitish.
Petals 5, whitish. Filaments
axillary. h.S. Native of the island of Mallicolla in the South 10. Fruit about the size of a nutmeg, yellowish, but reddish
Seas. Flowers white.
when perfectly ripe. Pulp flesh-coloured, very acid, and is used
Shining-leaved Limonia. Shrub.
by the inhabitants of Java instead of soap.
2 L. LAURE'OLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 536.) leaves simple ; Very-acid-fruited Limonia. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
flowers terminal, in corymbose heads. ñ. G. Native of Nipaul. 13 L. CRENULA'TA (Roxb. cor. 1. t. 86.) leaves pinnate, with
Leaves exactly like those of Dáphne laurèola. Calyx 5-parted. 2 or 3 pairs of oblong-elliptical crenulated leaflets, spines soli-
Petals and stamens 5. Flowers white.
tary ; fruit globose. K.S. Native on the Coromandel coast.
Spunge-laurel-leaved Limonia. Shrub.
Calyx 4-cleft. Petals 4, white. Stamens 8.-Rheed. mal. 4.
3 L. RETUSA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 224.) leaves elliptical, t. 14. Fruit about the size of a large pea, when ripe black.
blunt at the apex, and emarginate, acute at the base; petioles It is much used on the coast of Malabar as a medicine.
semi-cylindrical ; peduncles usually solitary, 1-flowered, one- Flowers sweet-scented. Petioles with broad wings.
half shorter than the leaves. ħ. G. Native of Nipaul at Siri- Crenulate-leaved Limonia. Fl. July. Clt. 1808. Shrub 6
nagur. Flowers white ?
to 10 feet.
Retuse-leaved Limonia. Shrub.
14 L. AMBIGUA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 536.) leaves pinnate;
** Leaves trifoliate. Shrubs with the habit of Toddàlia.
spines in pairs ; leaflets roundish-oval. h. G. Cultivated in
Eastern Florida ? L. acidíssima? Nutt. in Sillim. journ. amer.
4 L. CITRIFÒLIA (Willd. enum. 448.) leaves simple and tri- 5. 1822. p. 295. Perhaps a variety of L. acidissima or L. cre-
foliate; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminated; pedicels axillary, nulàta.
shorter than the petioles. H.G. Native of China. Flowers
.
Ambiguous Limonia. Shrub 6 feet.
small, white. Berry red.
Cult. The species of Limònia will thrive well in a mixture
Citron-leaved Limonia. Fl.
year.
Clt. 1800 ? Shrub 5 ft. of loam and peat, with the addition of a little rotten dung ;
5 L.? DIACA'NTHA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 536.) leaves trifoliate; ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist
leaflets oval, somewhat emarginate; spines axillary, twin, straight. heat.
h. S. Native of Pondicherry. Flowers small, white, pen-
tandrous ?
IV. SCLERO'STYLIS (okinpos, scleros, hard, and oru-
Two-spined Limonia. Shrub.
los, stylos, a style; in allusion to the style being thick and hard).
6 L.? HO'RRIDA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 665.
663.) leaflets 3, ovate-oblong, bluntish, obsoletely crenulated, Lin. syst. Octo-Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-parted.
intermediate one stalked and larger than the rest; spines twin, Petals 4-5, connivent or spreading. Stamens free, double the
infra-axillary, divaricate, straight. . S.
h. S. Native of Java. number of the petals ; filaments awl-shaped, flat, alternate ones
Perhaps the same as L. diacántha.
for the most part longest ; anthers cordate. Ovary 1-3-celled.
Horrid Limonia. Shrub.
Style short, thick, crowned by an obtuse stigma. Berry dry,
7 L.? DU'BIA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 665.) 1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded.
.
Auricles of cotyledons inconspicuous.
leaflets 3, sessile, oblong, tapering to the base, retuse at the Shrubs with simple or impari-pinnate leaves. This genus is
apex, quite entire, lateral ones small; common petiole marginate. nearly allied to Triphàsia.
h.s. Native of Java. Young branches spinose ; spines ax-
illary, twin, straight.
* Leaves simple.
Doubtful Limonia. Shrub.
1 S. SPINOSA (Blum, bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 664.)
8 L.? MAURITIA'NA (Lam. dict. 3. p. 517.) leaves trifoliate ;
(
spinose; leaves oblong, acutish, rounded at the base, obsoletely
leaflets oval, somewhat mucronate; panicles axillary; spines crenulated; peduncles 1-flowered, solitary or crowded ; ovary
none. h. S. Native of the Mauritius. Flowers white, quad- 3-celled ; cells 2-seeded.
h. S.
Native of Java. Limònia
rifid, octandrous.
spinosa, Spreng. syst. append. 162.
Mauritian Limonia. Shrub.
Spinose Sclerostylis. Shrub.
** Leaves impari-pinnate, with wingless petioles. Thorns
2 S. LANCEOLA'TA (Blum. l. c.) unarmed ; leaves oblong-lan-
wanting.
ceolate, bluntish at the apex; racemes axillary, short.
Native of Java. Glycósmis simplicifòlia, Spreng. Ovary 2-
9 L. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Lam. dict. 3. p. 517.) leaves pin- celled ; cells 1-seeded.
nate, with 4-5 alternate, lanceolate, toothed leaflets; panicles Lanceolate-leaved Sclerostylis. Shrub.
short, axillary. ħ.S. Native of Madagascar. Flowers white.
Madagascar Limonia. Shrub 6 feet.
* * Leaves simple and trifoliate.
10 L. PARVIFLORA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2416.) leaves with 2 3 S. TRIFOLIA’TA (Blum. l. c.) unarmed ; leaves simple or tri-
pairs of elliptical-lanceolate, quite entire leaflets; corolla cam- foliate, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse ; racemes axillary, very short.
panulate; fruit ovate-spheroid, oblique. Þ.G. Native of h.s. Native of Java. Glycósmis trifoliata, Spreng. Ovary
China. Flowers white.
3-celled; cells 1-seeded.
Small-flowered Limonia. Fl. year. Clt.? Shrub 6 feet. Trifoliate Sclerostylis. Shrub.
a
:
h.s.

a
h. S.
.
a
a
AURANTIACEÆ, IV. SCLEROSTYLIS. V. CookiA. VI. Murraya. VII. MICROMELUM.
VII. MICROMELUM. VIII. AGLAIA. 585
*** Leaves impari-pinnate.
leaves, will root in a pot of sand plunged under a hand-glass, in
a moist heat.
4 S. PENTAPHY’LLA (Blum. 1. c.) unarmed ; leaflets 5, rarely
7, oval-oblong, obtuse; racemes axillary, very short; berry VI. MURRA'YA (in honour of John Andrew Murray, a
globose. n. S. Native of Java. Ovary 3-celled ; cells 1- Swedish botanist, once Professor of Medicine and Botany in
seeded.
the university of Gottingen, a pupil of Linnæus, and editor of
Five-leaved Sclerostylis. Shrub.
some of his works, especially an edition of his Systema). Koen.
5 S.? MACROPHY'LLA (Blum. 1. c.) unarmed ; leaflets usually in Schreb. gen. no. 717. D. C. prod. 1.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 536.—Marsana,
5, rarely twin or ternate, ovate-oblong, obtusely acuminated, Sonn. voy. ind. 3. t. 139. .
quite entire ; racemes divaricate, axillary, very long, tapering Lin. syst. .
Decándràa, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co-
to both ends.
Native of Java. Calyx 5-toothed.
5
rolla campanulate, 5-petalled. Stamens 10, with linear-awl-
Ovary 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Perhaps Glycósmis pentaphylla. shaped filaments, and roundish anthers. Fruit baccate, fleshy,
Long-leaved Sclerostylis. Shrub.
2-celled, but usually l-celled from abortion ; cells 1-seeded.
Cult
. Loam and peat will be a good mixture for these shrubs, Seed pendulous, with a thick woolly covering. Auricles of
with the addition of a little rotten dung, and ripened cuttings cotyledons small (Mirb.). Trees with impari-pinnate leaves,
will root if planted in a pot of sand placed under a hand-glass, and white, sweet-scented flowers. Fruit eatable.
in a moist heat.
1 M. EXO'TICA (Lin. mant. 563.) leaflets 7-9. obovate, obtuse;
peduncles many-flowered, corymbose ; berries roundish, usually
V. COO'KIA (in memory of the celebrated circumnavigator, 1-seeded. h.s. Native of the East Indies. Ker. bot. reg.
Captain James Cook, R. N., who was killed in the Sandwich 434.-Murr. comm. goett. 9. p. 186. t. 1. Lam. ill. t. 352.
Islands in 1779). Sonner. voy. 2. p. 130. t. 131.
130. t. 131. D. C. prod. Chálcas Japonénsis, Lour. coch. 271. Marsana buxifòlia, Sonn.
1. p. 537.
itin. ind. t. 139.—Rumph. amb. 5. p. 29. t. 18. f. 2. Fruit red.
LIN. SYST. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals Flowers white, sweet-scented.
5, navicular, villous. Stamens 10, with free linear filaments and Exotic Murraya. Fl. Aug. Sep. Clt. 1771. Shrub 10 ft.
roundish anthers. Ovary villous. Fruit baccate, somewhat 2 M. PANICULA'TA (Jack. mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 31.) leaflets
globose, 5-celled, or 1-2-celled from abortion; cells 1-seeded. ovate, acuminated ; flowers terminal and axillary, usually pani-
Small trees with impari-pinnate leaves ; leaflets alternate, un- cled ; berries oblong, usually 2-seeded. n. S. Native of the
equal at the base or oblique.
East Indies. Hook, exot. fl. t. 79. Chàlcas paniculàta, Lour.
1 C. PUNCTA'TA (Retz. obs. 6. p. 29.) leaflets ovate-lanceolate, cochin. 270.-Rumph. amb. 5. p. 26. t. 17.
Flowers white,
acuminated, hardly unequal at the base. h. G. Native of with the scent of jasmine. Fruit about the size of a small
China and the Moluccas. Jacq. schoenbr. 1. t. 101. Lam. Cápsicum, red, with a strong scent like the gooseberry.
ill. t. 354. Quinària Lánsium, Lour. coch. 272.-Rumph. amb. Panicled Murraya. Fl. July. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet.
1. t. 55. A middle-sized tree bearing eatable fruit about 3 M. LONGIFÒLIA (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p.
the size of a pigeon's egg, yellow on the outside ; pulp white, 665.) leaflets 3-5, oblong, acute at the base; racemes terminal.
rather acrid but sweet. Flowers small, white, disposed in race- h.S. Native of Java. Petals 5, linear, spreading. Anthers
mose panicles. There are 2 other figures of Lansiums in Rumph. ovate. Ovary tumid at the base, 3-celled ; cells 3-seeded.
amb. which are probably varieties of this plant or perhaps dis- Stigma obtuse, sessile.
tinct species. The fruit is sold in the markets at Canton.
Long-leaved Murraya. Shrub 10 feet.
Dotted Wampee-tree. Clt. 1795. Tree 20 feet.
Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of turfy
2 C. FALCA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 537.) petals with 4 furrows loam and peat, and ripened cuttings, not deprived of any of
on the inside ; leaflets lanceolate, falcate. Þ.G. Native of their leaves, will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
a
Cochin-china. Aulàcea falcàta, Lour. cochin. 273. Branches
spreading. Flowers small, white, in terminal racemes.
VII. MICROME'LUM (from pekpos, micros, small, and
Sickle-leaved Wampee-tree. Shrub 8 feet.
unlov, melon, apple ; fruit small). Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht.
3 C. CYANOCA'RPA (Blum. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 665.) Linnæa. 1.
Linnæa. 1. p. 665.
leaflets oblong, acuminated at both ends, bluntish; corymbs
LIN. SYST.
Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolate, entire,
solitary, axillary, and terminal. h.s. Native of Java. Gly- permanent. Petals 5, linear, spreading. Stamens 10, free ;
cósmis cyanocarpa, Spreng. syst. app. p. 161. Leaflets 5-7, filaments awl-shaped, alternate ones shortest; anthers roundish,
alternate. Calyx 5-leaved. Petals 5, oval, concave, connivent. didymous. Ovary 5-celled ; cells 2-seeded. Style thick,
Stamens 10, awl-shaped, free, equal, compressed. Anthers cor- crowned by an obtuse stigma. Berry dry, with 5 papery,
twisted
date. Ovary girded by a tumid disk, 5-celled ; cells 1-seeded. dissepiments inside, lamellate, 1-2--seeded. Cotyledons leafy,
Stigma obtuse, sessile. Berry oval, dry, 1-seeded. Cotyledons twisted. This genus is nearly allied to Murròya and Coókia.
obvolute.
A tree with impari-pinnate leaves and alternate oblique leaflets,
Blue-fruited Wampee-tree. Tree 20 feet.
and terminal corymbs of flowers.
4.C. CHLOROSPE'RMA (Blum. 1.c. p. 664.) leaflets oblong-lan- 1 M. PUBE'SCENS (Blum. l. c.) leaflets 7-9, ovate, obtusely
ceolate, obtusely acuminated ; racemes compound, terminal
, and acuminated, puberulous beneath as well as the branches and
axillary.h. S. Native of Java. Glycósmis chlorosperma, corymbs. his. Native of Java.
h.s.
Spreng. Leaflets 5-7, alternate.
Calyx 5-leaved. Petals Pubescent Micromelum. Tree 20 feet.
elliptic. Stamens for the most part 9, free, awl-shaped, com- Cult. To be cultivated and propagated in the same manner
pressed, unequal. Anthers cordate. Ovary tumid at the base, as that recommended for Murràya.
5-celled; cells 1-seeded. Style almost wanting, crowned by an
obtuse stigma. Berry coriaceous, globose, 1-celled, 1-3-seeded. VIII. AGLAIA (from aylara, aglaia, one of the Graces,
Cotyledons usually lobed. Perhaps a genus allied to Glycósmis
. which expresses beauty; given to this
genus, which is remark-
Green-seeded Wampee-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
able for its beauty and the sweet scent of the flowers). Lour. .
Cult. The species of Coókia thrive very well in a mixture of coch. p. 216. D.
coch. p. 216. D. C. prod. 1. p. 537. .
loam and peat; ripened cuttings, not deprived of any of their LIN. SYST.
Monadelphia, Pentándria. Calyx 5-parted.
4 F
a
VOL. I.-PART VII.

p. 315.
a
586
AURANTIACEÆ. VIII. AGLAIA. IX. BERGERA. X. CLAUCENA. XI. GLYCOSMIS.
Petals 5. Stamens 5-10, with the filaments as in the Melidceæ, Native of the East Indies. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1019.-Rumph.
connected into an ovate tube or attached to an urceolate nectary, amb. 1. p. 149. t. 53. f. 1. Murraya Kænígii, Spreng. syst. 2.
with enclosed anthers. Stigma broad, sessile. Ovary l-celled,
Racemes many, forming a corymb_ at the top of the
enclosing 2 ovulæ. Berry 1-seeded (mal. misc. 1. no. 2. p. 33.) branches. Flowers small, whitish-yellow. Fruit the size and
Shrubs or trees with impari-pinnate leaves and axillary panicles form of a pigeon's egg, of a yellow colour. The pulp is easily
or racemes of yellow flowers.
separated when ripe, and gives out a kind of white juice before it
1 A. ODORA'TA (Lour. coch. p. 173.) leaves pinnate, with 5 is ripe when cut or broken, which blackens the skin as the outer
or 7 glossy leaflets. h. G. Native of Cochin-china and China. covering of walnuts does in Europe, but when ripe it is grateful
Opilia odorata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 766. Cumùnium Sinense, to the palate, and is much sought after by the inhabitants. The
Rumph. amb. 5. p. 28. t. 18. The leaves have a bitter and taste resembles that of white currants. The wood is hard and
acrimonious taste. The flowers are small, yellow, and sweet- durable, and is used to make many implements of husbandry.
scented, and are said to be used by the Chinese to scent their Kænig's Bergera. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1820. Tree 40 ft.
teas. Berries small, red, eatable when ripe.
2 B. INTEGRIFOLIA (Roxb. ex Lamb. herb. D. C. prod. 1.
Sweet-scented-flowered Aglaia. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1810. p. 537.) leaflets quite entire. h.S. Native of the East Indies.
Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
Panicle subcorymbose, terminal. Flowers whitish.
2 A. ODORATI’SSIMA (Blum. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 250.) Entire-leaved Bergera. Fl. Jun. Jul. Clt. 1823. Tree.
leaflets usually 2 pairs, oblong, bluntish, beneath as well as the Cult. The species of Bergèra will thrive well in a mixture
panicles clothed with very fine scales ; panicles pyramidal. of turfy loam and peat; and young cuttings, ripened at the
h.S. Native of Java. Flowers small, yellow, very sweet- bottom, taken off at a joint, will root in sand under a hand-
scented.
glass, in heat.
Very sweet-scented Aglaia. Shrub 10 feet.
3 A. POLYSTA'CHIA (Wall. in Roxb. fl. ind. 429.) leaflets X. CLAUCENA (meaning unknown). Burm. ind. p. 89.
of few pairs, oblong, lanceolate, acuminated, very smooth, ob- D. C. syst. 1. p.
538.
lique at the base ; racemes panicled, axillary; flowers nearly Lin. syst. Octo-Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-toothed.
sessile. n. S. Native of Silhet in the East Indies. Panicle Petals 4-5, oval, concave, spreading. Stamens 8-10, with awl-
composed of racemes of small, yellow, sweet-scented flowers. shaped filaments, which are excavated, dilated, and conniving at
Many-spiked Aglaia. Tree 40 feet.
their base, and ovate or roundish anthers. Ovary. 4-celled ;
4 A. SULI’NGI (Blum. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaflets usually 2 pairs, cells 1-2-seeded.
cells 1-2-seeded. Style short, cylindrical. Stigma obtuse.
elliptical-oblong, bluntish, and are as well as the corymbose Fruit almost dry, 1-celled, 1-seeded from abortion. Seed ap-
panicles smooth. h.S. Native of Java.
pendent, with a membranaceous covering. Auricles of coty-
Suling's Aglaia. Tree.
ledons large, retuse. Trees with impari-pinnate leaves, and
5 A. ELLIPTICA (Blum. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaflets usually 2 stalked pubescent leaflets. Flowers very small, disposed in lax
pairs, elliptic-oblong, clothed with rusty down beneath as well panicles.
as the loose elongated panicles. h. s. Native of Java.
1 C. EXCAVA'TA (Burm. ind. t. 29.) leaflets 13 or 15, ovate,
Elliptical-leaved Aglaia. Shrub. .
acuminate, unequal-sided; petioles and terminal panicles pu-
6 A. SPECIÒSA (Blum. ex Spreng. l. c.) leaflets usually 4 berulous. h.s. Native of Java. Murraya Burmánni, Spreng.
pairs, oblong-lanceolate, acute, clothed with brown scales be-
syst. 3. p. 315. C. Javénsis, Ræusch. Flowers white, oc-
neath as well as the panicles. H.S. Native of Java.
tandrous.
Sheny Aglaia. Tree 20 feet.
Excavated-filamented Claucena. Tree 20 feet.
7 A. DECA'NDRA (Wall. in Roxb.fl. ind. 2. p.427.) leaflets usually 2 C. PENTAPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 538.) leaflets 5 or 7.
6 pairs, oblong, acuminated, pubescent on both surfaces as well h.S. Native of the East Indies. Limònia pentaphylla, Lamb.
as the panicles, which are axillary; flowers decandrous ; fruit herb. but not of Roxb. Flowers white.
5-seeded. h.s. Native of Nipaul. Flowers yellow, small, Five-leaved Claucena. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1800. Tr. 20 ft.
sweet-scented.
Cult. These trees should be propagated and cultivated in the
Decandrous Aglaia. Tree 50 feet.
same manner as recommended for Bergèra.
8 A. ARGE'NTEA (Blum. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaflets many pairs,
cordate, oblong, acuminated, covered with silvery leprosy be- XI. GLYCO'SMIS (from ylukus, glycus, sweet, and οσμη,
neath; panicles elongated, divaricating. h.S. Native of Java. osme, smell ; in allusion to the sweet-scented flowers). Cor.
Silvery-leaved Aglaia. Tree 30 feet.
ann, mus. 6. p. 384. D. C. prod. 1. p. 538. .
Cult. The species of this genus will thrive well in a mixture LIN. SYST. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
of turfy loam and peat, and young cuttings, which are ripened 5. Stamens 10, with flat, awl-shaped filaments and elliptical
at the base, taken off at a joint, will root in sand under a hand- anthers. Style short, cylindrical. Ovary 5-celled ; cells 1-
glass, in heat.
seeded. Fruit fleshy, 1-2-celled ; seed pendulous, with a mem-
branaceous covering. Auricles of cotyledons very short (Mirb.).
.
IX. BERGE'RA (in honour of C. J. Berger, once professor Trees with impari-pinnate smooth leaves. Panicles axillary and
of Botany at Kiel). Koen. in Schreb. gen. no. 718. D. C. proil. terminal.
1. p. 537.
1 G. ARBOREA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 538.) leaflets 5-7, oblong-
LIN. SYST. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Co- linear, alternate, toothletted. his. Native of Coromandel
.
rolla 5-parted. Stamens 10, with awl-shaped, compressed fila- and the Mauritius, in woods. Limònia arbórea, Roxb. cor. 1.
ments and roundish anthers. Style somewhat conical. Ovary t. 85. Flowers small, white, sweet-scented. Fruit reddish, and
2-celled, 2-ovulate. Fruit baccate, usually l-celled and l- are eaten by birds. The whole plant, when drying in the shade,
seeded. Seed appendent with a membranaceous covering. Au- diffuses a pleasant permanent scent as well as the following.
ricles of cotyledons large (Mirb. l. c.). This genus is perhaps Tree Glycosmis. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1796.
Clt. 1796. Tree 20 feet.
sufficiently distinct from Murraya. Trees with impari-pinnate 2 G. PENTAPHY'LLA (D. Č. prod. 1. p. 538.) leaflets 5, ovate,
leaves ; leaflets alternate, acuminated, pubescent.
quite entire. ħ. S. Native of Coromandel.
Limònia penta-
1 B. KENIGII (Lin. mant. 565.) leaflets serrated. h.s. phylla, Retz. obs. 5. p. 24? Roxb. cor. 1. t. 84.
Ken.
Flowers
1
a
a

AURANTIACEÆ. XI. Glycosmis. XII. FERONIA. XIII. ÆGLE. XIV. Citrus.
587
small, white, very fragrant. Fruit red, about the size of a small Dutch in Ceylon prepare a perfume. The flowers are disposed in
cherry, and which are eaten by birds.
axillary and terminal panicles; they are white, and very fragrant.
Five-leaved Glycosmis. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1790. Sh. 6 ft. Marmelos Bengal Quince. Clt. 1759. Shrub 10 ft.
Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of turfy 2 Æ, SEPIA`RIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 538.) leaflets obovate-
loam and peat, with the addition of a little rotten dung. Ri- oblong, obtuse, sessile ; lateral ones smallest ; fruct 7-celled.
pened-cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. h.s.
h. s. Native of Japan. Citrus trifoliàta, Lin. spec. 1101.-
.
XII. FERO‘NIA (Feronia, the goddess of the forests). Cor.
Ssi. Kæmpf. amon. 801. t. 802. Flowers axillary, solitary,
white. Pulp of fruit glutinous, ungrateful to the taste, but
in Lin. soc. trans. 5. p. 224. D. C. prod. 1. p. 538.
.
LIN. SYST. Decándria, Monogynia. Flowers usually poly-
possessing a laxative aperient quality. This shrub forms strong
gamous. Calyx flat, 5-toothed. Petals 5, oblong, spreading.
hedges in Japan, from its long, stiff, sharp thorns.
Stamens 10, rarely 11, with filaments which are villous, dilated,
Hedge Bengal Quince. Shrub 8 feet.
and connected at their bases, and oblong, erect, tetragonal
Cult. These shrubs thrive best in a rich loamy soil; ripe
anthers. Ovary seated on an elevated disk, crowned by an
cuttings, not deprived of any of their leaves, will root in sand
elliptic-globose sessile stigma. Berry baccate, 5-celled ; cells
under a hand-glass, in heat.
many-seeded; seeds imbedded in spongy pulp. Trees and
shrubs with impari-pinnate leaves and racemose flowers.
XIV. CITRUS (it is supposed that this genus has derived
,
1 F. ELEPHA'NTUM (Corr. 1. c. Roxb. cor. 2. t. 141.) leaflets
its name from the town of Citron in Judea, but it is very doubtful.)
Lin.
5-7, obovate, sessile, crenulated, shining ; common petiole with
gen. no. 1218. D. C. prod. 1. p. 539.
a narrow, smooth margin. n. S. Native of Coromandel, in
h
LIN. SYST. Polyadélphia, Polyandria, or Polyándria. Mono-
gynia. Calyx urceolate, 3-5-cleft. Petals 5-8. Stamens 20-
woods on the mountains. Spines simple. Leaves smooth.
Panicle small, axillary, or terminal. Flowers white with reddish
60, with compressed filaments, which are more or less connected
Anthers
anthers. Fruit large, about the size of an apple with a greyish oblong. Style cylindrical, crowned by a hemispherical stigma.
together at the base into many bundles, or free.
rind; the pulpy part is universally eaten on the coast of Coro-
,
mandel. The wood is white, hard, and durable. There is a
Fruit baccate, 7-12-celled ; cells many-seeded, full of pulp,
transparent liquor which exudes from the stem when cut or
spermaderm, membranous. Auricles of cotyledons very short.
broken, which is useful for mixing with painters' colours.
Evergreens, trees, or shrubs, with axillary spines and simple
Elephant Apple. Clt. 1804, Tree 30 feet.
leaves, with their petioles usually winged. Flowers white and
,
2 É. PELLUCIDA (Roth. nov. spec
. p. 384.) leaves full of pellu- exquisitely fragrant but heavy. Fruit with a yellow rind, and
soft, usually delicious pulp. This genus contains the orange,
cid dots; common petiole round, pubescent. K.S. Native of
the East Indies. Flowers white. Fruit eatable.
lemon, lime, and shaddock. Citrus is the most striking of
Pellucid-dotted-leaved Elephant Apple. Tree 20 feet.
fruit-bearing trees, and must have attracted the notice of abo-
Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of turfy riginal man long before other fruits of less beauty but of more
nutriment or flavour. The golden apples of the heathens and
loam and peat; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a
the forbidden fruit of the Jews are supposed to allude to this
hand-glass, in heat.
genus, though it is remarkable that we have no authentic records
XIII. Æ'GLE (Acyın, Ægle, one of the Hesperides. The of any species of Càtrus having been known; certainly none
fable of the golden apple in the garden of the Hesperides is well were cultivated by the Romans.
known. The fruit of this tree is analogous to an orange). Corr. Dr. Sickler, who spent 6 years in Italy, and paid great atten-
in Lin. soc. trans. 5. p. 222. D. C. prod. 1. p. 358.—Belòu. tion to the kinds and culture of the Citrus tribe, published at
Adans. fam. 2. p. 408. .
Weimer in 1815, a quarto volume called Vollkommene Orangerie-
Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-5-lobed (f. Gartner, in which he describes 74 sorts. He arranges the whole
He
101. a.). Petals 3-5 (f. 101. b.), spreading. Stamens 30-36, into 2 classes, and these classes into divisions and subdivisions,
unconnected, with long, linear, mucronate anthers (f. 101. c.) without regard to their botanical distinctions or species, as fol-
Stigma almost sessile. Fruit baccate, at length woody, turbi- lows:
nately globose, many-celled (f. 101. d.); cells many-seeded.
Cedrates or Citrons
4 sorts.
Seeds imbedded in fleshy mucous pulp. Auricles of cotyledons
Round Lemons 6 do.
very short (Mirb.). Shrubs with simple and double spines and
Pear-shaped do. 11 do.
trifoliate leaves ; leaflets toothletted.
Cylindrical do.
Lemons.
4 do.
1 Æ. MA’RMELOS (Corr. 1. c.
FIG. 101.
Gourd-shaped do 2 do.
Roxb. corom. 2. t. 143.) middle
Wax do.
5 do.
leaflet stalked ; fruit 15-celled.
Lumies
8 do.
h.S. Native of the mountainous
Cedrate Lemons or Citronates
6 do.
parts of Coromandel and elsewhere
Limes
4 do.
in the East Indies. Crata'ya Mar-
Bitter Oranges
6 do.
mèlos, Lin. spec. 637. The fruit
Oranges.
Sour Oranges
6 do.
is much larger than that of Ferònia
Sweet Oranges
12 do.
elephantum, and is
very
delicious
A short delineation of Dr. Sickler's treatise by Dr. Noehden
to the taste; and exquisitely fra-
will be found in Hort, trans. vol. 3. append., which is perhaps
grant. It is not only nutritious,
of more use for the Italian names of the varieties than for any
but possesses an aperient quality
other information it contains.
which is particularly serviceable in
In the districts towards the sea-coast in the south and south-
habitual costiveness ; it contains a
d COD
west of Italy, especially about Sorento and Amalfii, you meet
large quantity of exceedingly te-
Cool not only with groves of Orange and Lemon trees, but almost with
nacious transparent gluten, which
forests.
may be drawn out, when fresh,
1 C. ME'DICA (Risso, ann. mus. 20. p. 199. t. 2. f. 2.) branches
into fine threads 2 or 3 yards in length. From the rind the spiny; petioles naked ; leaves oblong, obtuse ; flowers with 35-40
LIN. SYST.
Lemons.
4 F 2

588
AURANTIACEÆ, XIV. Citrus,
a
a
stamens, often without a style; fruit oblong, wrinkled, with a Feast of the Tabernacles, that it was the fruit (“ Hadar") spoken
thick rind, and acid pulp. h. G. Native of Asia, but has been of in the 23d chap. 4th ver. of the Book of Leviticus. In old
cultivated from time immemorial in middle and south Europe, Samaritan coins Citrons may be observed attached to the palm
and now cultivated almost throughout the world.-Ferr. hesper. on one side. Josephus mentions a custom of great antiquity.
t. 59, 60-63. C. Mèdica Cèdra, Gall. citr. p. 87. var. 1, 2-5-7. Thus on one occasion, when Alexander the king and the high
-Rumph. amb. 2. t. 25 and 26. f. 2. Blackw. herb. t. 361. priest stood at the altar, the people revolted, and threw at him
Young branches violet-coloured. Rind wrinkled, adhering to the Citrons they bore in their hands. It is, however, probable,
the pulp, possessing a sweet odour. Petals purplish on the that no particular fruit was alluded to, and it was not until the
outside. Pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. The specific
The specific days of Solomon that Citrons became known.
name Mèdica is said to be derived from Media, where it is There are 3 varieties of the Citron enumerated by Risso in
said to have originally come from. This was the opinion of ann. du, mus. 20. p. 199 and 200. which are as follows:
the Romans. The tree was cultivated in Italy before Virgil 1 Large Citron (Engl.), Gros Sedrou (Nice), Cedrat a gros
and Pliny. The wood was formerly used in making furniture fruit (Fr.), Cedrone (Ital.). Citrus Médica frúctu máximo (Risso).
by the Romans, as the Acasia is at this day. The fruit is Fruit large, wrinkled, copper-coloured, with a very thick rind and
often half a foot in length, ovate, with a protuberance at the acid pulp. Volc. p. 119. Gal. p. 98. no. 2. The principal differ-
p
tip; usually 9-celled; the pulp is white, and commonly acid ; the ence which separates this variety from the species is the great size
rind yellow, thick, hardish, odoriferous, irregular ; it is esculent, of its fruit. The leaves are oval-oblong and thick, of a glaucous
both raw and preserved. Properly there are two rinds; the green-colour. The flowers are large, white, and numerous; the
outer thin, with innumerable miliary glands, full of the most stamens are much longer than the pistil. The fruit is large, with
fragrant oil ; the inner thick, white, and fungous; the partitions a thick rind, adhering closely to the pulp, which is a little acid.
consist of two very thin diaphanous, membranaceous plates, 2 Monstrous Citron (Engl.), Cedro monstruoso (Ital.), Sedrou
connected at the axis, and inserted into the rind at the pere- (Nice), Cedrat monstrueux (Fr.), Citrus Médica tuberosa (Risso).
(
phery; the cells are filled with a bladdery pulp. In each cell Fruit monstrous, mucronated, yellow, with acid pulp. Ferr.
are a few seeds, commonly 1 or 2, sometimes 3 or 4.
hesp. 357. Volc. p. 162. Gal. p. 100, no. 5. From the tuber-
Risso gives the following description of this species :
cles and teats, which ordinarily cover the fruit, the name is
Branches spiny. Pedicels bear about 10-flowers, disposed in derived. The leaves are large, usually curled, and of a dark-
a corymb, the greater part of them sterile. The calyx is 5- green colour, placed on short petioles. The flowers are dis-
toothed, covered on the outside with protuberances, and streak- posed in a corymb. The fruit is roundish oval, of a dark-yellow
ed with a few reddish nerves. The flowers are large, purple colour, usually terminating in a short point at the apex ; the
without and white within, usually of 5 petals, which are oval- rind is thick, and is covered with large tubercles, which even
oblong, with 40 or 50 stamens, with flat unequal filaments, and penetrate to the middle of the pulp, which is acid, and does not
yellow anthers. Pistil permanent, caducous, or wanting. The contain
any
seeds.
fruit is large and oblong, covered with protuberances, which are 3 Florence Citron (Engl.), Cedratello di Firenze (Ital.), Ce-
red when young, but of fine yellow colour when ripe; the rind drat de Florence (Fr), Citrus Médica Florentina (Risso). Fruit
is spongy and thick, with a sweet odour, adhering closely to the small, ovate, acuminated, very sweet-scented, with a thick yel-
pulp, which is sparing and acid. Seeds oblong, with a reddish low rind and acid pulp. Volc. p. 133. Desf. p. 138. Gal. p.
pellicle. It is called Cedrat (Fr.), Cedrot (Ital.), Sedrou (Nice), 103. no. 7. This variety is a very pretty tree.
The branches
Citron (Eng.), Cedreiro (Brazil).
are spiny and green. The leaves are oval-oblong, toothed, and
The fruit of the Citron is seldom eaten raw, but is generally pointed, of a glaucous-green colour. The flowers are disposed
preserved and made into confections, which being kept till in a tuft at the summits of the branches. The calyx is 5-toothed.
winter and spring, when there is a scarcity to furnish out the The corolla is composed of 5 or 8 petals, which are tinted with
desert, is the more valuable ; but unless the season be warm, violet on the outside. Stamens from 30 to 36, with twisted
and the trees well managed, the fruit rarely ripens in England. filaments, which are as long as the pistil. The fruit is ovate,
The finest fruit that ever was produced in England, was in the gradually tapering to the apex into a point; the rind is thick,
garden of his Grace the late Duke of Argyle, at Whitten, where of a clear yellow colour, with a sweet scent, and covered with a
the trees were trained against a south wall, through which there few tubercles; the pulp is divided into 8-cells, and is truly acid.
were flues for warming the air in winter, and glass covers to put The Portuguese had many of the most curious sorts of Lemons
over them when the weather began to be cold. Thus the fruit and Citrons, brought from the Indies formerly, which seemed
was as large as it is in Italy or Spain.
to thrive almost as well there as in their native soil, and yet
The Citron is a native of the warm regions of Asia. Being they have not been increased. There are a few trees still re-
introduced into Europe from Media, it had the name of Malus maining in some neglected gardens near Lisbon, almost un-
Medica. It seems to have come into Italy after the age of noticed by the inhabitants (Martyn). The Lemon was first cul-
Virgil and Pliny, but before that of Palladius (Lin.), who ap- tivated in Britain in the botanic garden at Oxford in 1648.
pears first to have cultivated it with any success there (Virg. (Hort. kew).
136. qu. ed.) According to Haller, the Median apple described
.
The useful parts of the Lemon and Citron are the juice
by Theophrastus is certainly a sort of orange (Bibl. bot. 32.), and the outward rind of the fruit, and the volatile oil of the
which fruit, according to Athenæus, first travelled into Greece outer rind. The juice of Lemons is analogous to that of the
from Persia (Evelyn), and in time became known to the Greeks, Orange, from which it only differs in containing more citric acid,
and about the same time it began also to be cultivated in Judea. and less syrup. The quantity of the former is indeed so great
If the Median apple be the orange, the tristes succi of Virgil, that the acid has been named from the fruit, acid of Lemons, and
and the acres medullæ of Palladius, it must have been much cor- is always prepared from it. The simple expressed juice will not
rected by culture ; the latter author, Theophrastus, and Pliny, keep on account of the syrup, extractive mucilage, and water,
all speak of it as not eatable, though they celebrate its medicinal which cause it to ferment. The yellow peel is an elegant aro-
qualities far above its desert.
matic, and is frequently employed in stomachic tinctures and in-
It has been conjectured by many commentators, from the cir. fusions; and yields by expression or distillation with water an
eumstance of Jews at the present day carrying Citrons to the essential oil, which is much used in perfumery. Fresh Lemon-
a
a

AURANTIACEÆ. XIV. CITRUS.
589
a
juice is truly specific in the prevention and cure of scurvy; that Mella Rose (Fr.), Melarosa (Ital.), Melarosa (Nice), Càtrus
is, its effects are certain, and cannot be explained, for the crys- Limétta fructu, stellato (Risso). Fruit subrotund, depressed,
talized acid, and even the rob or inspissated syrup, do not pro- striated, crowned, containing acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 393. t.
duce the same salutary effects. It is given freely mixed with 395. Volc. p. 190, 191. Gal. p. 141. no. 38. This tree is of ordi-
water and sugar, and in a short time the symptoms disappear.
,
nary size. The calyx is short. The corolla is small and white,
The juice is also a powerful and agreeable antiseptic. Its powers with 30 unequal stamens, which sometimes change into lanceo-
are much increased, according to Dr. Wright, by saturating it late petals. The fruit is round, of a yellow colour, crowned by
with muriate of soda. This mixture he recommends as possess- a small, blunt, nipple-like protuberance; the rind is thin, adher-
ing very great efficacy in dissentery, remittent fevers, the belly.. ing closely to the pulp. The seeds are oval and striped.
ache, putrid sore-throat, and as being perfectly specific in dia- 4 Bergamote_Lime (Engl.), Lemettier Bergamote, Ber-
betes and lienteria. Citric-acid is often used with great success gamote (Fr.), Bergamota (Nice), Bergamoto (Ital.), Citrus
for allaying vomiting ; with this intention it is mixed with car- Limétta Bergàmium (Risso). Leaves ovate, acute, toothed ;
bonate of potass, from which it expels the carbonic acid with fruit golden, quite smooth, with an acid and bitter pulp. Volc.
effervescence. This mixture should be drank as soon as it is p. 155 and 156. Desf. p. 138. Gal. p. 118. no. 25. The branches
made, or the carbonic acid gas, on which its anti-emetic power are spiny. The leaves are large, on long petioles. The flowers
chiefly depends, may be extricated in the stomach itself, by first are white, and have a particular scent, composed of 4 or 5
swallowing the carbonate of potass dissolved in water, and petals, with about 26 stamens. The fruit is large and spherical,
drinking immediately afterwards the acid properly sweetened. of the form of a pear, terminated by a small nipple-like protu-
The doses are about a scruple of the carbonate dissolved in 8 or berance; the rind is thin, of a golden-yellow colour, enclosing
10 drachms of water, and an ounce of Lemon-juice, or an equi- an acid and equally bitter pulp. The seeds are oblong.
valent quantity of Citric-acid. Lemon-juice, as well as Lime-
.
5 Pear Lemon (Engl.), Limettier Perette (Fr.), Peret-
juice, is also an ingredient in many pleasant refrigerent drinks, ta (Ital.), Pereta (Nice), Càtrus Limétta Perétta (Risso).
which are of very great use in allaying febrile heat and thirst. Fruit ovate, ribbed lengthwise, very sweet-scented, with an
Of these the most generally useful is Lemonade, or diluted acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 231. t. 233. This variety is easily
Lemon, or Lime-juice sweetened. (Duncan, edinb. disp. p. 309.) distinguished by the fruit being in the form of a pear. The
Median Apple or Citron. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1648.
Clt. 1648. Tree branches are straight, and furnished with spines. The leaves
8 to 15 feet.
are oval and rounded, and finely toothletted, on long stalks.
2 C. LIME'TTA (Risso, ann. mus. 20. p. 195. t. 2. f. 1.) pe- The flowers are purplish on the outside, containing about 35
tioles subalate ; leaves ovate-roundish, serrated ; flowers with 30 stamens. The fruit is of a fine yellow colour, and is traversed
stamens ; fruit globose, with a blunt nipple-like protuberance at longitudinally with stripes, which are not very apparent, and ter-
the
apex, a firm rind, and sweet pulp. Þ.G.
h.G, Native of Asia, minated by a small, sharp, nipple-like protuberance, of an agree-
but cultivated in Italy. C. Médica Limon, Gal. citr. no. 10, able odour; the rind is thick, and the pulp is acid.
25-38. Ferr. hesp. t. 230. 395. 233. 321. Corolla white on 6 Adam Apple (Engl.), Limettier pomme d'Adam, Pomme
both sides. This is commonly called Sweet Lime or Lemon, d'Adam (Fr.), Pomo d'Adamo (Ital.), Citrus Limétta pomum
Bergamotte, Limeta, Peretta, Lima dolce, Lime douce, Límo dúlcis, Adami (Risso, 1. c.) Leaves ovate-oblong, curled; petioles
Limétta Bergamótta. A rather tall tree, with diverging branches. winged; fruit very large, round, of a greenish-colour, with a
,
The corolla is of a fine white colour, and composed of 5 oblong sweet pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 317. t. 321. Volc. p. 181, 182.
petals, which are rounded at the apex, covered with small pores
Desf.
p.
138. Gal. p. 138. This variety will form a distinct
spe-
full of essential aromatic oil.
cies at some future day. The branches are furnished with
There are also 7 varieties of this enumerated by Risso, which very small spines, and are traversed longitudinally with white
are as follows:
stripes. The leaves are oval-oblong, waved at the margins, of a
1 Small-fruited Sweet Lime (Engl.). Lemettier petit fruit. Petit dark-green colour, with broad winged petioles. The flowers
Lime douce (Fr.), Lima dolce piccola (Ital.), Limeta picouna(Nice), are white, and contain about 40 stamens. Fruit with a thick
Càtrus Limétta fructu pumilo (Risso). Fruit small, somewhat rind and sweet but equally bitter and acid pulp. The varieties
depressed, crowned, of a yellow-greenish colour, with a very of this kind are called Lumies.
smooth rind and sweet pulp. This variety is cultivated in the 7 Rose Sweet Lime (Engl.), Limettier Pomme rose (Fr.), Mello
gardens. It differs from the species to which it is analogous, in rosa (Ital.), Poum roso (Nice), Càtrus Limétta pomum rose
the tree being lower in stature, and in the leaves being more (Risso). Fruit roundish-oblong, usually pear-shaped, rough, of a
toothletted on the edges.
pale-copper colour, very sweet-scented, with an acid pulp. Ferr.
2 Lemon-formed Sweet Lime (Engl.) Limettier limoniforme hesp. 231. t. 233. The branches of this variety are brittle and
( (Fr.), Limoun douce (Nice), Lima dolce (Ital.), Citrus Limétta spiny. The leaves are oval, toothletted, on long petioles, of a
limoniforme (Risso). Fruit roundish-oblong, copper-coloured, with dark-green colour. The flowers are few in number, white, of 5
a very sweet pulp. Ferr. 1. 3. cx. p. 227. t. 230. Volc. p.
159 oblong petals, and about 30 stamens. The fruit is roundish-
and 160. This fine and rare variety has been confounded with oblong, but often pear-shaped, of a saffron-yellow colour; the
the common Sweet Lime. From which it differs not only in the rind is thick, hard, and of a very agreeable smell; the pulp is
flowers and leaves, but in the form of the fruit, as well as in its divided into 10 cells, which contain acid juice. The seeds are
juice and seeds. It is a much larger tree than the preceding less numerous than in the other varieties.
variety. The calyx is reddish, and the corolla is of a beautiful 8 Limeira embiguda of Brazil. The fruit is large and glo-
white, bearing from 30 to 45 unequal stamens. The fruit is bular, and terminated by a large protuberance. The rind is thin
oblong-roundish, terminated by 2 protuberances, with a long and the flesh very sweet. They cultivate at Bahia a second
navel-like protuberance, and the rind is of a dark yellowish- variety of this orange under the name of Limeira de Persia;
saffron colour. The rind is insipid. The pulp has a taste as it has a very large fruit, and is also terminated by a point; the
sweet as sugar, and is very agreeable. The seeds are oblong, inside of the rind is bitter, and outside smooth. The pulp is
pointed at one end, but blunt at the other. The tree is
The tree is very rare
very sweet.
in the gardens.
Sweet Lime and Lumy Fl. May, July. Clt. 1648. Tree 8 to
3 Starry Sour Orange (Engl.), Limettier a fruit étoilé. 15 feet,
a

590
AURANTIACEÆ. XIV. CITRUS.
a
.
a
mon.
13
3 C. Java’NICUM (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. scented; the pulp is very considerable, full of an agreeable acid
667.) petioles winged ; leaves oval, very blunt, unequally crenu- juice. Seeds small, but often wanting.
lated; flowers with 22 stamens; fruit oblong, with an obtuse 2 Naples or Common Lime (Engl.), Limonier de Calabre (Fr.),
point, with a thick rind and bitter pulp. h.S. Native of Java. Limoncello di Napoli (Ital.), Limouncello (Nice). Lima, Macf.
Allied to C. Limétta.
in Hook, bot. misc. pt. 3. p. 300. Flowers very white; fruit
Java Lemon Tree 20 feet.
small, globose, with a thin sweet-scented rind and acid pulp. Ferr.
4 C. LIMÒNUM (Risso, ann. mus. 20. p. 201.) petioles some- hesp. p. 209. t. 211. Volc. p. 144. Gal. p. 120. no. 16. This is a
what winged ; leaves oval-oblong, crenulated; flowers with 25-35 beautiful variety, with spiny elongated branches, younger branches
stamens, but usually without styles ; fruit oblong, with a very of a greenish-red. Leaves oval-roundish, on short petioles,
thin rind, and very acid pulp. . G. Native of Asia, but Flowers of 5 or 6 oblong, pointed petals, with about 25 stamens.
cultivated in the south of Europe, and most parts of the world Fruit small, round, of a pale-yellow colour, with a thin but firm
within the tropics. Cîtrus Médica Limon, Gal. cit. 105. exclusive aromatic rind and acid pulp, usually without seeds.
of the varieties under no. 2.-Ferr. hesp. t. 247, 211, 253, 223, 3 Streaked Lemon (Engl.), Limonier canellè (Fr.), Limone in-
229, 293, 255, 265, 105, 225, 207, 243, 219, 301, 307, 215. canellato (Ital.), Limoun raiat (Nice), Citrus Limònum striàtum
C. Limon, Lin. Mill. Petals purplish on the outside. Branches (Risso). Fruit ovate, channelled, with a thick rind and acid pulp.
violet. Racemes axillary. Fruit ovate, with a yellow rind, adher- Ferr. hesp. p. 245. t. 247. Volc. no. 9. In spite of the opinions
ing to the pulp. It is commonly called Citron (Ital.), Limone (Fr.). of many authors that the varieties of Limes do not retain their cha-
The most remarkable varieties in the English gardens are, racters for any length of time, this variety, according to Risso, has
1 Common Lemon. 2 Pear-shaped Lemon. Fruit small, retained its character since the time of Ferrari without any change,
with very little juice. 3 Imperial Lemon. The fruit of this in spite of the difference of climate and soil to which it has been
variety is sometimes imported from Italy, but not from Spain or transplanted. Tree branched; branches brittle, beset with small
!
Portugal. 4 Furrowed Lemon. 5 Childing Lemon. 6 Dou- points. Leaves oval-roundish, toothletted, of a pale-green
ble-flowered Lemon. 7 Broad-leaved Lemon. 8 Chinese Le- colour. Flowers solitary, composed of 4 petals. Fruit striped
9 Rough-fruited Lemon. 10 Smooth-leaved Lemon.
10 Smooth-leaved Lemon. lengthwise, and terminated by a small nipple-like process, with
11 Gold and Silver-striped Lemon. 12 Upright Lemon. the rind rather thick ; the pulp is divided into 9 or 10 cells, full
Warted-fruited Lemon. 14 St. Helena Lemon. Browne men- of an acid juice. Seeds not very numerous.
tions this variety as having been introduced into Jamaica, and 4 Sbardonius's Lemon or Round Lime (Engl.), Limonier de
much cultivated there, on account of its large fruit, which fre- Sbardonius (Fr.), Limone Sbardonio (Ital.), Limoun rount (Nice),
quently yields about a pint of juice. 15 Fingered Lemon. In Càtrus Limònum Sbardònii (Risso). Leaves oblong, acute,
China and other parts of the East, they have a remarkable wrinkled; fruit ovate-roundish, wrinkled, with an acid pulp.
variety of Lemon or Citron, which has a solid fruit, without
any Ferr. hesp. p. 251. t. 253. This variety is named in honour of
cells or pulp, and divided above the middle into 5 or more the director of the botanic garden at Rome by the celebrated
long round parts, a little crooked, and having the appearance Ferrari. Principal branches grey. Leaves oblong, thin, tooth-
of the human hand, with the fingers a little bent, whence the ed, pointed, of a dark-green colour, on rough petioles. Flowers
Chinese call it Phat thu, or Fingered Lemon.
of 4 large petals and 4 small ones, white inside, but reddish on
Risso gives the following description of the species': The stem the outside, with about 50 stamens. Fruit roundish-oval, rough,
is straight, and much branched, hairy and spiny, covered with a of a fine clear yellow colour, and furnished with tubercles to-
clear grey bark; the branchlets are violet. The leaves are wards the peduncle, and terminated by a nipple-like protuber-
petioled, oblong, acuminated, and toothed, of a yellowish-green ance, which is crowned by the usually permanent style ; the rind
colour, beset with small transparent points. The petioles are is rather thick; the pulp is divided into 10 or 12 cells, full of
long, with a leafy border, which is lengthened out even to the an acid juice. Seeds roundish-oval.
base. The calyx is permanent and quinquefid, of a violet colour, 5 Incomparable Lemon (Engl.), Limonier incomparable (Fr.),
seated upon a long pedicel. The corolla is of 5 petals, which Limone incomparabile (Ital.), Limoun gros (Nice), Citrus Limo-
are of a reddish-purple on the outside, but white on the inside, num incomparabile (Risso). Fruit large, roundish-ovate, with a
with a heavy penetrating odour. The stamens are unconnected, thin, very smooth rind and acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 221. t.
long, and about 36 in number, with yellow anthers. The pistil 223. In spite of the distinctive characters which Ferrari had
.
is reddish. The fruit is small, egg-shaped, of a saffron-yellow given to this variety, the name has fallen into oblivion. Branches
colour, terminated by a nipple-like protuberance; the rind is thin, reddish. Leaves oblong, pointed, large, on long petioles.
but compact, adhering closely to the pulp, which is divided into Flowers usually 2 to 4 upon the same pedicel, with a rough
10 cells, containing very acid juice. The seeds are oblong and calyx, small petals, and about 30 very long stamens. Fruit
yellowish.
roundish-oval, very large, of a clear yellow colour, terminated
by a small, blunt, nipple-like protuberance; the rind is rather
Fruit egg-shaped, terminated by a small blunt nipple-like thick; the pulp is very considerable, divided into 10 cells, full
point.
of an acid juice. Seeds oblong.
6 Small-fruited Lime (Engl.), Limonier a petit fruit (Fr.),
1 Thin-rinded Lemon (Engl.), Limonier a écorce fine (Fr.), Limone picollo (Ital.), Limoun gallo (Nice), Citrus Limònum
Limone lustrato (Ital.), Limoun scorso fino (Nice), Citrus Limò- fructu pusillo (Risso). Ferr. hesp: p. 209. t. 211.
. The name
num cortice tenui (Risso, 1. c.) Fruit ovate, very smooth, with a that has been given to this variety is sufficient to distinguish it
thin rind and very acid pulp. Tour. inst. p.
321. Gal. p. 111. from all others. Branches a little spiny. Leaves small, oblong,
no. 9. The difference which separates this variety from the pointed, on long petioles. Flowers usually scattered, with
species is its being less branched, and these destitute of spines, small petals, which are purplish on the outside, but white on the
and in the leaves being more oval, toothed, larger towards the inside. Fruit round, very small, of a greenish-yellow colour ;
summit, and diminishing gradually towards the base, as well as the rind is rather thick; the pulp is divided into 9 cells, full of
in the flowers being more numerous, and the petals being larger. rather acid pulp.
Fruit roundish, egg-shaped, very smooth and shiny, of a beauti- 7 Caly Lime (Engl.), Limonier Caly (Fr.), Limone cerceli
ful greenish-yellow colour ; the rind is very thin and sweet- (Ital.), Limoun Cali (Nice), Citrus Limònum Caly (Risso). This
a
a
.
a

AURANTIACEÆ591
. .
.
. XIV. Citrusvery
variety resembles the preceding, and the Calabrian Lime, but is of this sort, which is used in sauces, and to make lemonade, in
easily distinguished from both by its greater size, and the Brazil under the name of limueiro azedo. The fruit is
branches only being furnished with a few very short spines, by small, and resembles a citron in form ; the rind is smooth and
;
the leaves being oval, on twisted petioles, yellowish, by the green.
flowers being of 5 petals, reddish on the outside, and by the 13 Large-fruited Bignette Lemon (Engl.), Bignette a gros
fruit being larger, perfectly round, and very smooth, of a beauti- fruit (Fr.), Bignetta grossa (Ital.), Bignetta (Nice), Citrus
ful yellow colour, terminated by a small nipple-like protuber- Limonum Bignétta fructu maximo (Risso). Fruit large, ovate,
ance, with a thin rind, and the pulp is divided into 9 cells, shining, pale-yellow, with acid pulp. This tree is also known
which are full of an acid juice. Seeds egg-shaped. This variety under the name of Bignette, but it should not be confounded
is also distinguished from the Pusilla-pila of Ferr. hesp. t. 201. with the preceding variety; it is a much more majestic tree.
by the spines being shorter, the leaves more pointed, the fruit The leaves are more developed, roundish-oval, toothletted, of a
larger, with a thinner rind, and from the Barbadorus of Ferr. beautiful shining green, mixed or spotted with yellow, traversed
hesp. t. 259. by the leaves being shorter, the branches more by large nerves beneath; the flowers are larger, and slightly
spiny, and the fruit smaller.
tinged with purple, with the stamens united at the base by twos
8 Sweet Lemon (Engl.), Limonier a fruit doux (Fr.), Limone or threes, for the most part sterile; the fruit is egg-shaped,
a frutto dolce (Ital.), Limoun san Bartolomea (Nice), Limueiro smooth, and shining, without any nipple-like process, of a pale
doce (Braz.), Citrus Limònum pulpa dulci (Risso). Ferr. hesp. greenish-yellow colour, two or three times larger than the com-
p. 227. t. 229. Fruit ovate-oblong, with an incurved point and mon Bignette, and less abundant in juice. The culture of this
sweet pulp. This variety is not to be confounded with the tree is almost abandoned, on account of the fruit which seldom
Lemon-shaped Sweet Lime, nor with the Lemon-shaped Orange. comes to maturity.
It presents a different appearance to both. Leaves oblong, point- 14 Cedrate Lemon (Engl.), Limonier Cedrin (Fr.), Limone
ed, rather deeply toothletted towards the summit, but entire to- Cedrino (Ital.), Limoun Sedrou (Nice), Citrus Limònum Citrå-
wards the petiole, which is very long. Flowers of a beautiful tum (Risso). Fruit round, smooth, with a long acute point.
.
white colour, slightly tinged with red on the outside, very odori- Ferr. hesp. p. 266. t. 263. The characters which separate this
ferous. Fruit oval-oblong, smooth, terminated by a long nipple- from all the other varieties are its long pale-green leaves, which
like point, which is sometimes curved; the rind is very thin, of are deeply toothletted, and traversed by small, hardly apparent
a beautiful yellow colour; the pulp is divided into 8 cells, full of nerves, and the large flowers composed of 3 or 4 petals, which
a sweet juice. Seeds oblong.
are coloured with red on the outside, and are borne on long slen-
9 Poncine Lemon (Engl.), Limone Ponzino (Ital.), Limonier der peduncles, as well as in the fruit being large, of a very
Poncine (Fr.), Limoun Pounsino (Nice), Càtrus Limònum Pouzi- shining greenish-yellow colour, terminated by a very long nip-
num (Risso). Fruit large, globose, with an incurved point and ple-like point, with a thick rind and slightly acid pulp, without
acid pulp, without seeds. The Poncine is cultivated in some seeds.
gardens in the south of Europe, and makes a very fine vigorous
tree, full of spurs. Leaves oval-oblong, pointed, on short pe- ** Fruit oblong, terminated by a large nipple-like point,
tioles. Flowers usually collected together at the summit of the
branches. Fruit very large, terminated by a small, curved, 15 Wax Lemon (Engl.). Limonier Ceriesc (Fr.). Limone
nipple-like protuberance, of a beautiful yellow colour, at matu- seriesco (Ital.). Limoun seriesc (Nice). Citrus Limònum cea
rity, traversed lengthwise by lines, which are a little elevated, riéscum (Risso). Fruit ovate-oblong with a thick rind and
which renders it somewhat rugged; the rind is very thick; the grateful acid pulp. Tourn. inst. p. 621. Volc. p. 163. and
;
pulp is divided into 11 cells, full of an acid juice, without seeds. 164. Desf. tab. de l'eco. de bot.
P.
138. Gall.
p. 110. no. 8.
This variety is only cultivated for curiosity.
Of all the varieties this is the most generally cultivated, next to
10 Rosoli Lemon (Engl.), Limonier Rosolin (Fr.), Limone the common Bignette, on account of the abundance of fruit
Rosolino (Ital.), Limoun san Gerorme (Nice), Càtrus Limònum which it produces every year. It is a vigorous tree, with large
Rosolinum (Risso). Ferr. hesp. p. 251. t. 255. Leaves large, oblong-pointed leaves ; the flowers are situated on long pedun-
,
elongated, thick, slightly toothletted, on long winged petioles. cles; the calyx is coloured like the petals. The fruit is variable
Flowers collected together in bunches. Fruit very large, round, in form, but generally oval-oblong, terminated by a point, with
a little oblong, traversed lengthwise by warted stripes, of a deep- a thicker rind than that of the common Bignette, containing
yellow colour, mixed with green, terminated by a nipple-like abundance of acid juice.
point, which is usually curved, with a very thick tender rind, of 16 Gaeta Lemon (Engl.). Limònier de Gaete (Fr.). Limone
an insipid taste, adhering firmly to the pulp, which is very in- di Gaeta (Ital.). Limoun Gaetan (Nice). Citrus Limònum
considerable, considering the size of the fruit, full of feeble acid Gaietànum (Risso). Fruit oval, oblong, with a thick, eatable,
,
juice.
wrinkled rind. Ferr. hesp. p. 233. t. 105. This tree, which
11 Small Cedrate Lemon (Engl.), Limonier petit Cedrat (Fr.), bears beautiful fruit, differs essentially from all the other va-
Limone Cedrino (Ital.), Limoun Sedrin (Nice), Limueiro Francez rieties. The leaves resemble those of the Laurel of Apollo,
(Braz.), Citrus Limònum Citràtum pumilum (Risso). Fruit oblong, finely toothletted, acuminated. The branches are fur
ovate, smooth, shining, with a pulp containing little acid. Tree nished with spines. The flowers are large and situated along
small. Leaves small, green on one side, but yellowish on the the branches, composed of 9 linear, reflexed petals, sweet-
other. Flowers ordinarily grow in pairs, violet on the outside, scented, and of a purplish colour, with about 42 stamens, which
with a 4-cleft calyx, and the stamens are usually shorter than are longer than the pistil. The fruit is long, oval-oblong, ter-
the pistil. Fruit egg-shaped, covered with sunk points, of a minated by a large, blunt, nipple-like protuberance, with a thick
shining-yellow colour, terminated by a small, blunt, nipple-like sweet rind, and the pulp divided into 10 cells, full of an acid
protuberance, containing a faint tasted, rather acid pulp. juice, and containing a very few small seeds.
12 Bignette Lime (Engl.), Limonier Bignette (Fr.), Limone 17 Imperial Lemon (Engl.). Limonier Imperial (Fr.). Li-
(
.
Bignetta (Ital.), Bignetta comuna (Nice), Citrus Limònum mone Imperiale (Ital.). Limoun gros (Nice). Citrus Limònum
Bignetta (Risso). Fruit ovate, smooth, of a greenish-yellow Imperiale (Risso.),
. Fruit roundish-oblong, wrinkled, with a
colour, blunt at the apex, with an acid pulp. There is a variety
. There is a variety thick rind and rather acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 221. t. 225.
a

592
AURANTIACEÆ. XIV. CITRUS.
.
a
The branches of this tree are thick and are furnished with spines. fruit is oblong, rounded, very large, smooth or furnished with
The leaves are large, oval-oblong, pointed or blunt, on short a few protuberances, terminated by a small point, with an
petioles. The flowers are composed of from 6-9 reflexed petals, agreeable scent; the rind is very thick and compact, of a dark
with about 40 unequal stamens, which are usually about the yellow colour, with a very agreeable taste, the pulp is whitish,
length of the pistil. The fruit is oblong-roundish, terminated divided into 11 cells, full of an acid juice, containing a few
by a long navel-like protuberance, with a very thick, wrinkled, elongated seeds.
clear yellow rind; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, full of an 23 Citron Lemon (Engl.). Limonier cedrat (Fr.). Limone
acid juice, containing a few seeds.
cedrato (Ital.). Limoun sedrou (Nice). Citrus Limònum citrà-
18 Long-fruited Lime (Engl.). Limonier a fruit allongé tum (Risso). Ferr. hesp. p. 299. t. 301. Gal. p. 115. no. 12.
(Fr.). Limone lungo (Ital.). Limoun nazellou (Nice). Citrus The branches of this tree are covered with a smooth
grey
bark.
Limònum elongatum (Risso). Fruit elongated, yellow, with a The leaves are oval-oblong, pointed, on long petioles. The
curved point and acid pulp. This is a beautiful variety, and is flowers are usually solitary. The fruit is very large, oblong,
easily distinguished from the others by its tall straight branches, rounded, of a pale-yellow colour, traversed by warted nerves,
and by its large elliptical leaves, which are of a gay green colour, which renders it very rugged, with a very thick firm rind and
placed on thin petioles, which are a little twisted at the base. a very small quantity of pulp, which is divided into many
The flowers are composed of 5 purplish petals, with about 30 cells, full of an acid juice, without seeds.
stamens. The fruit is long, usually terminated by a short curved 24 Two-teated Lemon (Engl.). Limonier a fruit a deux mame-
point, with a thick, spongy, beautiful yellow rind, of an insipid lons (Fr.). Limone bicapezuollato (Ital.).
Limoun pouncut
taste; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, full of acid juice, with- (Nice). Citrus Limònum fructu bipapillato (Risso). Fruit
out any seeds.
ovate-oblong, greenish-yellow, with two nipple-like points. Ferr.
19 Amalfi Lemon (Engl.). Limonier d'Amalfi (Fr.), Limone hesp. p. 233. t. 215. This variety is easily distinguished by
d'Amalfi (Ital.). Limoun long (Nice). Citrus Limònum Amal- the form of its fruit. The branches are furnished with some
phitànum (Risso). Fruit oblong, warted, with an elongated points. The leaves are oval-oblong, pointed, of a greenish-yellow
point and acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. 203. t. 207. This variety colour. The rind of the fruit is very thin, and the pulp has a
bears the name of the country where it has apparently been cul- very agreeable acid taste.
tivated for the first time. It differs from the other varieties, in The following names occur in the English nurseries :-1 The
the fruit being longer and warted. The leaves are round, of a Common Lime. 2 Broad-leaved. 3 Chinese.
4 Weeping
green mixed with yellow. The flowers are composed of 5, 5 West India.
usually unequal petals, which are slightly tinged with purple, The quality of limes and lemons are only to be judged by the
with about 40 stamens, bearing very long anthers. The fruit is quantity and acidity of their juice; the juice of the lime is
long, straight, and rugged, terminated by a long, nipple-like
nipple-like preferred in tropical countries to that of the lemon, as being
point, with a rather thick dark-yellow rind; the pulp is divided more wholesome and agreeable ; mixed with water and sugar
it
into 10 cells, full of a rather acid pulp, containing oblong seeds, is called lemonade. Its medical qualities are the same as those
which are pointed at one end.
of the lemon, see p. 588 and 589. Lime-trees usually grow from
20 Balotin Lemon (Engl.). Limonier Balotin (Fr.). Limone 10 to 12 feet high, branching much from the base, and generally
Balotino (Ital.). Limoun Baloutin (Nice). Citrus Limònum furnished with spines, therefore they are usually planted for
Balotinum (Risso). Fruit oblong, with a thick, even, or rugged
fences as well as for their fruit in warm climates.
rind, containing a rather acid pulp. Desf. tab. de l'ecol. de Lemon and Lime. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1648. Tr. 8 to 20 ft.
bot.
This variety cannot be confounded with any other 5 C. PARADĪSI (Macfadyen, in Hook. bot. misc. pt. 3. p. 304.)
in this series. The tree has a prickly appearance, with long leaves oval, rounded, crenulate, smooth ; petioles winged; sta-
branches. The leaves are oval-oblong, straight, serrated, and mens 25; fruit large, subacid. H.G. Native? Lomonier pomme
standing upon long yellow petioles. The flowers are 6-petalled, (Fr.). Limone cedrato (Ital.). Limoun senso aigre (Nice). Citrus
with the teeth of the calyx sharp. The fruit is roundish-oblong, Limõnum Paradisi (Risso). Fruit ovate-oblong, with a very thick
lengthened towards the peduncle, and is terminated by a nipple- and very smooth rind, and hardly any pulp, but what there is,
a
like point, with a rather thickish yellow rind which has an insipid is rather acid. The flowers are large, composed of 4-7 unequal
taste; the pulp is divided into 13 unequal cells, full of a sourish petals.
petals. The fruit pear-shaped, of a greenish-yellow colour, with
juice, without any seeds.
a good-tasted very thick tender rind. In Jamaica there are two
21 Clustered Lime (Engl.). Limonier a fruit en grappe (Fr.) varieties of this species, the Barbadoes grape-fruit and the For-
Limone racemoso (Ital.). Limoun à bouquet (Nice). Čítrus bidden-fruit; the first possesses most of the sweet principle.
Limònum racemosum (Risso). Fruit rounded, oblong, with a Paradise Orange or Forbidden-fruit. Fl. May, July. Clt. ?
curved point, with rather acid pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 239. t. 243. Tree 30 feet.
The leaves are oval-oblong, pointed. The flowers are collected 6 C. AURA'NTIUM (Risso, ann. mus. 20. p. 181. t. 1. f. 1, 2.)
2
in corymbs, the corolla is long, and composed of 5 petals. The petioles almost naked; leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, with blunt
fruit in great number on each peduncle, oblong-rounded, ter point flower with 20-22 stamens; fruit globose with a thin rind
minated by a nipple-like point which is usually curved, with a and sweet pulp. Þ.G. Native of Asia, but cultivated in the
thick, shining, clear yellow rind; the pulp is full of sourish juice, south of Europe as well as in all the warmer regions of the
containing a few oblong seeds. The variety is cultivated to a world. Cîtrus Aurantium Sinense, Gall. citr. 149.—Ferr. hesp.
great extent in the south of Europe, on account of its bearing t. 427. 399. 401. and 385. Trunk naked at the bottom, but the
abundance of fruit all the year round.
branches form a tuft at the top. Petals white. Fruit of a
22 Laura Lemon (Engl.). Limonier Laure (Fr.). Citrus
Limonier Laure (Fr.). Citrus golden colour. Commonly called Sweet Orange. The specific
Limònum Làure (Risso). Fruit large, oblong, wrinkled, with name is derived from aurus, gold, colour of fruit. As a desert
a thick rind and acid juice. Ferr. hesp. 217. t. 219. The name fruit the orange is well known. The varieties most esteemed
given by Ferrari to this variety has been retained. The tree are the China, Portugal, and Maltese. The fruit is also used
has a fine appearance; the branches are furnished with some in confectionary, both ripe and when green and not larger than
spines. The leaves are very long, thin, of a fine green colour, a pea, it forms various liquors and conserves, either alone or
upon very long petioles. The flowers are very large. The with sugars, wines, or spirits. In cooking it is used to perfume
p. 188.
a
a

AURANTIACEÆ, XIV. CITRUS.
593
a
a number of dishes. It is used to form various perfumes and yellow colour ; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, full of a sweet
pomades, and the flowers distilled produce orange-water, used juice. The seeds are yellowish. .
in cooking, medicine, and as a perfume, but the chief use of the 6 Thick-rinded Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fruit de la grosse
sweet orange is for the dessert. .
ecorce, Oranger a ecorce du fruit epaisse (Fr.). Arancio a
There are 19 varieties of the orange enumerated by Risso. frutto di corteccia spessa (Ital.). Pourtegalie bouffat (Nice).
1 Common Orange. Stem erect, branched, spiny ; leaves Citrus Aurantium cortecrasso (Risso). Fruit large, round, with a
ovate, oblong, and acute, slightly crenulated on the margins, thick rind and sweetish pulp. The leaves of this variety are
smooth, and of a dark-green colour, on long petioles. Pedun- always of a beautiful green, usually collected in tufts at the tops
-
cles axillary, solitary, smooth, each bearing from 2-6-flowers. of the branches. The flowers are very large. The fruit is very
calyx pale-green, 5-cleft. Petals 5, oval-oblong, terminated by
Petals 5, oval-oblong, terminated by large, round, of a deep-yellow colour, with a very thick granu-
a point, of a beautiful white colour, furnished with green glands. lated spongy rind, adhering closely to the pulp, which is divided
Stamens from 20-22, unequal, with the filaments united at their into 10 cells, some of these contain a few small seeds; the juice
bases by fours. The fruit is round, smooth, of a beautiful is sweet and more watery than in the preceding varieties, which
golden colour, with a rather thick rind, and the pulp is divided is the cause of the fruit not being easily preserved any length of
into 9 or 11 cells, full of a sweet yellow juice. Seeds roundish. time. This tree bears fruit well as an espalier, but is very
little
This tree bears exquisite fruit, which resists the cold, but it is cultivated about Nice.
at the same time but little cultivated in the south of Europe, on 7 Teat-fruited Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fruit mameloné
account of its not bearing well until it is about 25 or 30 years (Fr.). Arancio scabroso (Ital.). Pourtegalie gibous (Nice).
old, as well as because the fruit is apt in windy weather to come Citrus Aurantium gibbosum (Risso). Fruit round, with a sweetish
against the spines of the branches, which injures them, and there- insipid pulp. The tree is large, and very branchy. The leaves
fore renders them unfit to resist a long voyage.
are usually curled. The fruit is round, of a reddish-yellow
2 Majorca Orange (Engl.). Oranger de Majorque (Fr). Aran- colour, covered with large protuberances, and its juice is never
cio di Majorca (Ital.). Pourtegalie Majourkin (Nice). Citrus so sweet as the other varieties.
Aurantium Balearicum (Risso). Fruit globose, shining, with a 8 Small-fruited Orange (Engl.). Oranger a petit fruit (Fr.).
thick rind and sweet pulp. Gall. p. 153. no. 30. The branches Arancio picciol frutto (Ital.). Pourtegalie gallo (Nice). Citrus
are furnished with spines at their base. The leaves are less Aurántium microcarpon (Risso). Many gardeners are of opinion
than in the preceding tree, thicker, and more shining. The pe- that this variety was the first that was introduced to the south
duncles are very long, from 3-6-flowered ; they have a pleasant of Europe, but particularly about Nice. It differs from all the
sweet smell. The fruit is globose, smooth, deeply coloured, other varieties in the leaves being smaller, situated upon petioles,
and arrives very soon at maturity. It will keep a longer time which are a little winged at the base. The flowers are collected
than any of the other varieties; the pulp is very sweet, and into bundles at the tops of the branches, each containing about
usually without seeds. This tree is not much cultivated, on 26 stamens. The fruit is always very small, and of a pale-yellow
account of its not being very productive.
colour, full of a sweetish juice.
3 China Orange (Engl.). Oranger de la Chine (Fr.). Aran- 9 Double-flowered Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fleur double
cio fino (Ital). Pourtegalie de Malta (Nice). Citrus Aurantium (Fr.). Arancio a fior doppio (Ital.). Pourtegalie a flou doublo
Sinense (Risso). Ferr, hesp. p. 425. t. 427. Comel. hesp. no. (Nice). Càtrus Aurantium dùplex (Risso). Fruit somewhat
8. Volc. p. 185 and 186. This is a very majestic tree.
.
The globose, usually fetiferous, with a sweet pulp. Volc.
leaves are oval-oblong, sometimes roundish, a little waved at and 202. Calv. no. 9. Gal. p. 159. no. 35. The leaves are
the margins, of a pale-green colour, upon long petioles. The large. The flowers are composed of from 6-10 petals. The
flowers are usually disposed in corymbs, these are situated upon pistil is usually divided into two parts at the top, each bearing
the tops of the branches. The fruit is round, depressed, firm, a yellow stigma. The fruit is very different from the other
weighty, of considerable diameter; the rind is very thin, ad- varieties, as the pulp is formed of a double unequal range of
hering closely to the pulp, which is very sweet. The seeds cells, all of which are full of sweet juice. This tree is very
are oblong, with a curved point. This tree is much cultivated little cultivated.
at Nice. The fruit is not so sensible to cold as the other va- 10 Malta Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fruit rouge (Fr.)
rieties.
Arancio sanguigno (Ital.). Pourtegalie rouge (Nice). C'ètrus
4 Nice Orange (Engl.). Oranger de Nice, Oranger a fruit Aurántium Hierochúnticum (Risso). Fruit globose with a thin
doux (Fr.). Arancio dolce (Ital.). Pourtegalie noustral (Nice). rind and blood-coloured pulp. Till. 21. t. 16. Calv. no. 7.
Citrus Aurántium Nicænse (Risso, 1. c. pl. 1. f. 1.). Volc. 187 Ferr. hesp. p. 429. Gal. p. 156. no. 32. The fruit is of a
and 188. Desf. tab. de l'ecol. de bot.
p.
138.
golden colour, but becoming as red as blood at maturity ; the
from the abundance of its fruit, forms a very lucrative produc- pulp is divided into 9 cells, full of very sweet juice and small
tion for the inhabitants of Nice. The leaves are oval-oblong,
seeds.
tapering gradually to a point, of a beautiful shining green, 11 Compressed-fruited Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fruit
bearing in their axils a great quantity of bunches of sweet- deprime (Fr.). Arancio a frutto compresso (Ital.). Pourtegalie
scented flowers towards the months of March and April
. The galleto (Nice). Citrus Airántium fructu depresso (Risso). Fruit
fruit is round, usually depressed at both extremities, firm, of a round, depressed, with a sweet pulp. The fruit of this variety
beautiful yellow colour, with a thin rind; the pulp is divided is not much esteemed in commerce, on account of the depres-
into 10 or 12 cells, full of sweet and pleasant juice, and oblongsion at the extremities. The trees are very large. The leaves
,
seeds. This tree is generally cultivated.
are long oval. The flowers are collected into corymbs. The
5 Genoa Orange (Engl.). Oranger de Genes (Fr.). Aran-
)
fruit is large and round, of a lively colour, with a smooth thick
cio di Genova (Ital.). Pourtegalie de Genova (Nice). Citrus rind; the pulp is divided into 10 or 12 cells, which contain but
Aurántium Genuénse (Risso). This tree is very large. The a small quantity of sweet juice but a great number of seeds.
leaves are small, oval-oblong, pointed, of a fine dark green.
This tree is not much cultivated.
The flowers are disposed in bunches, and are composed some- 12 Ribbed-fruited Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fruit a côte
tiroes of only 3 petals.
The fruit is round, but sometimes (Fr.). Arancio a frutto costato (Ital.). Pourtegalie regat (Nice).
oblong, commonly marked with a little ridge, which extends even Citrus Aurantium, fructu costato (Risso). Fruit ribbed, crowned
to the middle of the rind, which is rather thick, and of a beautiful by a point, with a sweetish pulp. The fruit is of a middle size,
,
4 G
p. 201
p.
This orange,
a
a
a
VOL. I. PART. VII.

594
AURANTIACE Æ. XIV. Citrus.
а
a
with a thin rind of a dark-yellow colour ; the pulp is divided Fruit oblong, sinuated, pointed, with a reddish sweet pulp.
into 11 cells, full of an agreeable juice and a few small seeds. This is the tenderest of all the oranges we have mentioned.
The flowers are smaller than in the other varieties. This tree is The tree is rather high. The leaves are of a yellowish-green.
rather rare,
The fruit is globular, of a pale-yellow, longitudinally traversed
13 Smallest-fruited Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fruit nain by many sinuses from the base, and terminated by a small
(Fr.). Arancio nano (Ital.). Pourtegalie Chinet (Nice). Citrus obtuse point. The rind is thin and the pulp is divided into 8
Aurántium fructu minutíssimo (Risso). Fruit very small; leaves
;
cells full of sweet juice. It is rare, and the fruit seldom comes
lanceolate, acute, subalate ; pulp of fruit sweet. Ferr, hesp. to maturity.
p. 429. Volc. t. 2. p. 206, 207. Gal. p. 157. no. 32. This 19 Lemon-formed Orange (Engl.). Oranger limoniforme (Fr.).
beautiful variety differs from all the other kinds, in its leaves Limone aranciato (Ital.). Limoun Pourtegalie (Nice). Citrus
being lanceolate, of a beautiful green, upon long subalate petioles. Aurantium limoniforme (Risso). Fruit roundish-oblong, with a
The flowers are small. The fruit is very small, about the size sweet pulp. Ferr. 1. 3. p. 384. t. 385. Gal. p.
117. no. 14.
of those of the Bigaradier Chinois; the rind is smooth, of a The form of the fruit of this tree is that of a lemon, but the
pale-yellow colour; the pulp is divided into 7 cells, full of an colour and taste of the fruit are those of an orange. The branches
agreeable acid juice.
are hairy and spiny. The leaves are oval and finely denticulated,
14 Holly-leaved Orange (Engl.). Oranger a feuille d'yeuse on short petioles. The flowers are usually in pairs; the calyx
(Fr.). Arancio a foglia crispàta (Ital). Pourtegalie crispat is red and the corolla is very long and pointed, with 26-30 free
(Nice). Citrus Aurantium illicifolium (Risso). Petioles awl- stamens. The fruit is roundish-oblong, terminated by a short
shaped ; leaves roundish, curled, toothed; fruit somewhat ovate, obtuse point, of a yellowish-green colour. The pulp is sweet,
smooth, with a very sweet pulp. The appearance of this
very
without seeds.
variety is very singular. The leaves are round, waved, curled, In Brazil the following varieties of the orange are cultivated.
of a fine shining-green colour, yellowish beneath, with large, Some of them are probably identical with some of those de-
strong nerves, like those of the China Holly. The flowers are scribed above.
collected into isolated corymbs. The fruit is round, a little 1 Larangeira seleta. This variety is obtained by grafting.
oblong, terminated by a small, nipple-like point at the summit, Its rind is thin and smooth. The pulp is very delicious and
hollow in the middle; the rind is thickish, of a pale-orange sweet. This is probably the Navel-orange of Bahia, which is
colour; the pulp is divided into 10 cells, full of a very sweet large and round, and terminated by a small protuberance, hence
pulp, usually without seeds. This variety is very rare in the
its name. It is considered one of the best oranges in that
environs of Nice.
country.
15 Eared-fruited Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fruit doré 2 Larangeira da China. This variety is very common ali
et Oranger dore (Fr.). Arancio dorato (Ital.). Pourtegalie dau- over Brazil. It is perhaps the common China orange.
rat (Nice). Càtrus Aurantium fructu aurato (Risso, 1. c. pl. 1. 3 Larangeira Tangerina pequena. The rind is very thin
f. 2.) fruit ovate, eared, with a sweet pulp. This rare and beau- and smooth. The fruit is small. The pulp is reddish and of a
tiful variety is furnished with some spines; the young shoots are very agreeable taste.
reddish. The leaves are oval, long, of a fine shining-green 4 Larangeira Tangerina grande. In every respect the same
above, but yellowish beneath. The calyx is tinged with purple. as the preceding, but the fruit is much larger.
The corolla is whitish-yellow with about 30 stamens. The 5 Larangeira seca. The fruit is sweet but it is not juicy.
fruit is oval-round, of a golden-yellow colour, terminated by 6 Larangeira embeguda. The rind is incomplete and shining,
a small nipple-like point, with a very smooth rind; the pulp is it divides into 9 divisions at the top. The taste is very agree-
divided into 12 cells, full of an agreeable juice. Seeds few or able. It is common at Bahia, but it is also much spread over
wanting.
the rest of Brazil.
16 Ray-fruited Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fruit rayé et The following names of oranges occur in the London nur-
Oranger a fruit blanc (Fr.). Ariancio bianco (Ital.). Pourtegalie series ; many of them may be the
same as those described above.
)
blanc (Nice). Citrus Aurantium fructu variegato (Risso). 1 Common Orange. 2 Bloody-fruited. 3 Broad-leaved. 4
leaves ovate-oblong, sinuated, variegated with yellow; fruit Large Bergamot. 5 Small Bergamot. 6 Cluster-fruited. 7
globose, striped with yellow and green, with a somewhat sweet Curled-leaved. 8 Fine-leaved. 9 Laurel-leaved. 10 Lisbon.
pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 397. t. 399. Volc. p. 195. t. 196. The 11 Maltese. 12 Bloody Maltese.
12 Bloody Maltese. 13 Monstrous. 14 Narrow-
leaves have very long petioles. The flowers are composed of leaved. 15 Spike-flowered. 16 Striped leaved, of various
5 long, blunt petals, with about 24 or 28 stamens. The fruit is
17 Striped Willow-leaved. 18 Sweet-skinned. 19
globose, sometimes a little depressed, of a golden-yellow colour, Sweet China. 20 Tangiorana. 21 Thick-leaved. 22 Weep-
traversed lengthwise with bands of green, which disappear at ing. 23 Willow-leaved, &c.
maturity; the rind is rather thick ; the pulp is of a pale-yellow, Sweet Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1595. Tree 10 to 30 ft.
of an agreeable sweet taste. This tree does not bear much 7 C. vulgaris (Risso in ann. mus. 20. p. 190.) petioles
cold.
winged ; leaves elliptical, acuminate, crenulated; flowers with
17 Changeable-fruited Orange (Engl.). Oranger a fruit 20 stamens; fruit globose, with a thin, scabrous, or smooth
changeant et Culotte de chien (Fr.). Calzoni di cane (Ital.). rind, and a bitter acrid pulp. h. G. Native of Asia, but now
Braio de can (Nice). Citrus Aurantium fructu variabili (Risso). cultivated in the south of Europe, America, and Africa. C.
Leaves narrow, spotted ; fruit oblong, green, striped, with a Aurantium I'ndicum. Gall. citr. 122. C. Bigaràdia, Duh. ed.
sweet and bitter pulp. Ferr. hesp. p. 397. t. 401. Tourn. R. nov. 7. p. 99. Ferr. hesp. t. 409. 589. 391. 430. 433. C. Sinén-
H.
P. 620. This is a very majestic tree. Petioles long. The sis, Pers. ench. 2. p. 74. C. Aurantium, Ker. bot. reg. 346. C.
flowers are collected in bunches with small petals, and about 24 Cálot, Lag. gen. et spec. 17. Petal white. Risso gives the
short stamens. The fruit is oblong, pear-shaped, yellow, striped following description of the species. Stem erect; branches spiny.
with bands of a reddish colour; the rind is thick and bitter ; the The petioles have a wing in the form of a heart. The flowers
pulp is sweetish. The seeds are striped.
are of 5 white petals on short pedicels. Stamens from 30 to 34,
18 Lime-shaped Orange (Engl.). Oranger Limetiforme unequal, with Hat filaments. Fruit round, rarely tubercled, of
et Oranger a fruit Limette (Fr.). Arancio frutto Limeta (Ítal.). a dark-orange colour. The rind is sweet-scented. The pulp
Pourtegalie Limetta (Nice). Citrus Aurantium limetiforme (Risso). is divided into 12 or 14 cells, containing a bitter acid juice.
sorts.
a
.
a
a

AURANTIACEÆ. XIV. Citrus.
595
a
a
a
a
The seeds are oblong, of a yellow colour. Seville or Bitter containing bitter pulp. Ferr. p. 187. t. 391. Volc. 201 and
Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier sauvage (Fr.). Citrone, Sour sylvatico 202. Gal. p. 129. no. 18. This tree resembles the horned
(Ital.). Citroun sauvage (Nice). Ferr. 377. Vole. 186. Gal. 121. Seville orange. The leaves are very smooth, and the wings of
The juice of the Seville orange is used in medicine in febrile the petiole are rather narrow. The calyx is 8-cleft. The petals
and inflammatory disorders, but that of the other sorts possesses are 8-14, oblong. The fruit is middle-sized, varying in form,
the same qualities in a lesser degree. It is chiefly used for usually double, that is to say, containing one within the other.
making marmalade, and a variety of other agreeable confections. The flowers are used as a perfume.
The acid of oranges, Dr. Cullen observes, unites with the bile, 6 Spanish Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bigaradier
takes off its bitterness, and may be useful in obviating disorders d'Espagne (Fr.). Citrone di Spagna (Ital.). Sitroun d'Espagna
arising from its acidity. The qualities of the Seville orange are (Nice). Cîtrus vulgàris Hispánica (Risso). Leaves ovate-
exactly the same as that of the lemon and lime. Orange-water is oblong, revolute, sinuated ; fruit large, round, wrinkled, with a
obtained from the flowers by distillation.
sweet pulp. This tree is distinguished alone by its aspect.
1 Common Seville Orange (Engl.). Oranger bigarade (Fr.). The branches and branchlets are very short. The leaves are
Arancio citrone (Ital.). Limoun San Vincent (Nice). Càtrus vulgàris oval, curled, and sinuated, of a clear green colour ; the wings
(Risso). A tall tree with greyish bark, with the branchlets furnished of the petioles are broad and leart-shaped. The flowers are
with deciduous points at the base of the petioles. The leaves are large, and have a scent resembling that of jasmine, of 5 elliptic
oval-oblong, finely denticulated. The flowers are always disposed petals. The fruit is large, round, and wrinkled or tubercled,
in terminal corymbs. The calyx is whitish and deeply 5-lobed. of a pale reddish-yellow colour, with a thick rind which does not
Petals 5, oblong. Stamens 30. The fruit is roundish-oblong, adhere firmly to the pulp, which is divided into 10 cells, full of
terminated by a large obtuse point, of a dark-yellow colour, a sweet bitterish pulp, and oblong seeds.
with a few little protuberances. The rind is thick, adhering to 7 Wrinkled Seville Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier rugueux (Fr.).
the pulp, which is divided into 8 cells, full of an acid bitter Citrone scabroso (Ital.). Serioutou dous (Nice), Càtrus vulgaris
juice, and does not contain any seeds. This tree bears flowers rugosa (Risso). Fruit small, mucronate, wrinkled, containing
and fruit all the year round.
a sweet and bitter pulp. The branches are straight and the
2 Horned Seville Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier cornu (Fr.). leaves are elliptic and undulated, of a dark shining-green, on
Citrone cornuto (Ital.). Sitroun daude (Nice). Citrus vulgàris long, winged, heart-shaped petioles. The flowers are in twos or
corniculàta (Risso). Fruit roundish, with a thick, wrinkled rind, threes, white, usually of 5 oblong petals. The fruit is round,
a
mucronate. Ferr. p. 407. t. 409. This is a tall tree. The of a pale-orange colour, with a thick wrinkled rind, furnished
leaves are large, elliptical, of a dark-green colour. The flowers with protuberances at the summit, containing a sweet pulp, but
are usually disposed in pairs. The fruit is large, of a reddish- it is rather bitterish. The seeds are pale-yellow.
yellow colour, full of small tubercles, the pulp is divided into 8 Sweet-fruited Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bigara-
10 or 14 cells, full of an acid bitter pulp, containing angular dier a fruit doux (Fr.). Citrone frutto dolce (Ital.). Sitroun dous
seeds. This variety is very generally cultivated in the south of (Nice). Citrus vulgàris pulpâ dulci (Risso). Fruit globose,
Europe for its flowers, which are used in the composition called smooth, with a thick rind, containing a sweet pulp. The leaves
eau-de-Bigurade, as well as for its fruit, which is used to season of this tree are pale-green, oval-oblong, standing upon long,
winged petioles, and often furnished with spines at the base.
3 Bouquette Bigarade or Bouquette Seville Orange (Engl.). The flowers are large, disposed in corymbs, of 5 petals and
Bigaradier bouquetier (Fr.). Citrone a foglia rizza (Ital). very sweet-scented. The seeds are round on this and the
pre-
Bouquetie (Nice). Citrus vulgàris folio crispo (Risso). Leaves ceding variety.
curled; fruit small, roundish, scabrous, containing an acid, rather 9 Smooth-fruited Bigarade (Engl.). Bigarade a fruit lisse
bitter pulp.
Ferr. p. 387. t. 389. Volc. p. 178 and 179. (Fr.). Citrone liscio (Ital.). Serioutou unit (Nice). Citrus
Gal. p. 131. no. 20. This is a small tree. It is thickly covered vulgàris glabérrimus (Risso). Fruit round, smooth, with a
with leaves, which are oval-roundish, curled, and denticulated, thin rind and bitter sweet pulp. This tree is not so much
on round almost wingless petioles.
petioles. The flowers are axillary, branched as the other varieties; the leaves are oval-lanceolate,
5 or 7 together, usually of 6 petals. The fruit is of a reddish- of a pale-green colour, standing on long, winged, heart-shaped
yellow colour, with a tubercled or wrinkled thick rind, scented petioles. The flowers are disposed singly, but sometimes in
like the lily of the valley, containing a very bitter acid pulp. pairs on the summits of the branches. The calyx is 4-5-cleft,
4 Many-flowered Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Biga- and the corolla is of 5 reflexed petals. The fruit is always
radier riche dépouille (Fr.). Citrone a molti fiori (Ital.). Grand solitary, of a pale-yellow colour, and the pulp is divided into 9
bouquetie (Nice). Cầtrus vulgàris multiflòra (Risso). Many- cells.
cells. The seeds are striated.
flowered; fruit globose, very smooth, containing an acid and 10 Chinese Bitter Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bigaradier
bitter pulp. Desf. tab. de l'ecol. de bot. p. 188. This differs Chinois (Fr.). Chinotto (Ital.). Chinet (Nice). Citrus vulgaris
much from the preceding, not only in its larger size; but also Chinensis (Risso). Fruit small, spherical, containing a somewhat
in the disposition of the leaves, as well as in the great number acrid, bitter pulp. Ferr. t. 430. 433. Tourn. p. 620. Desf.
of flowers which cover the plant all the year round. The tree tab. de l'ecol. de bot. p. 138. Gal. p. 132. no. 21.
The
emits short branches. The leaves are elliptic and denticulated, branches of this shrub are small and scabrous, covered with
of a fine green colour; the wings of the petioles are broad and small lanceolate leaves, standing on short wingless petioles.
heart-shaped. The flowers are in tufts at the extremity of the The flowers are disposed in a kind of thyrse along the pedun-
branches; the corolla is white, usually of 5 petals, which are cles. The fruit is concave at the summit, of a reddish-yellow
oval-oblong and recurved. The stamens are about 36 in colour; the rind is rather thick, and the pulp adheres but slightly
number. The fruit is round, very large, of a dark reddish- to the rind.
yellow colour, with a very smooth rind; the pulp does not 11 Myrtle-leaved Orange (Engl.). Bigaradier Chinois a
adhere to the rind, and is divided into 10 cells.
feuille de myrte or Chinois nain (Fr.). Nanino da China (Ital.).
5 Double-flowering Seville Orange or Bigarade (Engl.). Bi- Chinet picoun (Nice). Citrus vulgaris myrtifòlia (Risso).
garadier a fleur double (Fr.). Citrone fiore doppio (Ital.). Bi- Fruit small, with an acid and bitter pulp. Ferr. p.
430. Gal.
garado flou doublo (Nice). Citrus vulgàris florifer (Risso). p. 134. no. 22. This variety never grows to a tree, but always
Flowers double ; fruit globose or oblong, usually fetiferous, remains a small shrub. The leaves are small, lanceolate, and
1
4 G 2
a
meat.
a
a

596
AURANTIACEÆ. XIV. CITRUS.
Fruit of a green-
-
.
pointed, of a fine green colour, resembling those of the broad-
a
wings; leaves ovate-lanceolate ; branches spinose; fruit 9-cell-
leaved myrtle. The flowers are small and white, disposed in ed, globose, rough. h. G. Native of China, Cochin-china,
racemes along the branches, there are usually a great number on and the Moluccas.—Rumph. amb. 2. t. 33.
the same peduncle. The fruit is of the colour and form of the ish-brown colour, containing an acid ungrateful pulp.
preceding, but rather smaller.
Brown-fruited Citron. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Tree 15 feet.
12 Large-fruited Bigarade or Seville Orange (Engl.). Bi- 13 C. NÓBILIS (Lour. coch. 466.) petioles rather linear,
garadier a gros fruit (Fr.). Citrone frutto grosso (Ital.). Gros straight ; branches ascending, unarmed; fruit depressed, 9.cell-
sitroun dous (Nice). Citrus vulgàris fructu maximo (Risso). ed, with a thick rind. h. G. Native of Cochin-china and
Fruit large, round, wrinkled, depressed, with a spongy rind, and China. Ker, bot. reg. 211. Andr. bot. rep. 608. Fruit reddish,
rather sweet pulp. The leaves are very long, reclined, shining, both without and within, containing sweet juice, and eatable sweet
undulated, of a dark-green, on long, winged petioles. The rind. This is distinguished from the common orange by its
flowers are large and white, sweet-scented,
disposed along the curious form, and by the pulp adhering so loosely to the rind, as
branches. The calyx is green, of 5 lobes. The corolla is com- to be separable from it by the slightest effort, and leaving in
posed of 4-6 petals. The stamens about 26 in number. The many places a considerable opening between them. It is the
stigma is trigonal. The fruit is very large, of a reddish-yellow most delicate of its tribe, whence its name by the Chinese, Man-
colour, with a very thick spongy rind, and the pulp is divided darine or Noble Orange.
into 9 cells.
Noble or Mandarine Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1805.
Common Seville or Bitter Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1595. Tree 15 feet.
Tree 20 to 30 feet.
14 C. MARGARITA (Lour. coch. 467.) petioles linear ; leaves
8 C. DECUMA'NA (Lin. spec. 1100.) branches prickly; leaves lanceolate; branches ascending, spiny; fruit oblong, 5-celled,
oval, obtuse or emarginate, pubescent beneath: petioles with covered with a thin smooth rind. h. G. Native of China
broad, cordate wings; fruit large, with a thick rind, and red or about Canton. Fruit reddish-yellow, 8 lines long, containing a
white pulp; stamens 30. h. S. Native of China and Japan, sweet pulp
but now cultivated in South America. Pampel-moes, Rumph. Pearl Lemon. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Tree 12 feet.
amb. 2. t. 24. f. 2. The shaddock is called Arancio Massino by 15 C. MADURE'NSIS (Lour. coch. 570.) petioles linear;
the Italians, and Oranger Pampelmouse by the French. The fruit leaves broad-lanceolate ; branches diffuse, unarmed, angular ;
is very large and round, about the size of a large cannon-ball, fruit globose, smooth, 8-celled. h. G. Native of China,
about 10 or 14 pounds weight; rind even, of a greenish-yellow Cochin-china, and Madura.—Rumph. amb. 2. t. 31. Fruit
colour ; thick, fungous, and bitter ; pulp white or red : juice sweet greenish-yellow, containing a bitter pulp, which is eaten when
;
or acid. It was first brought from China to the West Indies prepared with sugar, but never raw.
by Captain Shaddock, from whom it has derived its name. The Madura Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Shrub 8 feet.
shaddock is certainly the least useful of the species, and is cul- 16 C. ANGULATA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1426.) petioles naked;
tivated chiefly for show. Where several sorts of oranges are pre- leaves ovate, acute; fruit angular. . G. Native of Amboyna.
sented at the dessert it makes a striking addition to the variety. Rumph. amb. 2. t. 32.
The fruit is of a subacid sweetness, excellent for quenching Angular-fruited Citron. Fl. May, July. Clt.? Tree.
thirst, and from the thickness of its rind, will keep longer at 17 C. BUXIFÒLIA (Poir. dict. 5. p. 681.) petioles linear, very
sea than the fruit of any other species of Citrus. The Italians, short ; leaves ovate, retuse; flowers racemose. Þ.G. Native
according to Dr. Sickler, have one variety, the French, accord- of China. Perhaps this plant is allied to Citrus vulgáris var.
ing to the Nouveau Cours, &c. have four kinds. In the En- myrtifòlia of Risso, and therefore ought perhaps to be placed
glish nurseries the names of four occur, viz. 1 The Common under that head.
Shaddock. 2 The Rough-fruited. 3 The Largest-fruited. 4 The Box-leaved Orange. Fl. May, July. Shrub 3 feet.
West Indian. In Jamaica there are 2 varieties, 1 malifórmis 18 C. ARTICULA'TA (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 334.)
fruit globose, with white pulp; 2 pyriformis, fruit pear-shaped, petioles leafy, obovate, large, articulated ; leaves oblong ; pe-
with red pulp.
duncles many-flowered. h.S. Native of Guinea.
Large-fruited Orange or Shaddock. Fl. May, July. Clt. Jointed-petioled Orange. Tree 20 feet.
1722. Tree 18 feet.
19 C. CHILE'NSIS (Molin. chili. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 335.)
leaves ovate-lanceolate, nearly sessile, shining ; fruit nearly glo-
† Species not sufficiently known.
bose. h.G. Native of Chili.
9 C. HY'strix (D. C. cat. hort. monsp. p. 97.) petioles with Chili Orange. Tree 15 feet.
broad wings; leaves ovate, hardly larger than the petioles ; Cult. All the species of Citrus may be propagated by seeds,
branches very spiny. h.S. Native of the East Indies. Lèmo- cuttings, layers, by grafting, and budding. The object of rais-
.
ferus, Rumph. amb. 2. t. 28 ? Flowers and fruit unknown. ing plants from seed is stock for grafting or budding, or for new
Porcupine Orange. Clt.? Tree 10 feet.
varieties. To attempt raising new varieties from seed in Britain
10 C. SPINOSISSIMA (Meyer. esseq. 247.) petioles winged; would be too tedious, as the plants raised from seed in Italy do
leaves oval, crenated, bluntish at both extremities. h. S. not shew for fruit for 7 or 8 years.
Citrons or Seville Oranges
Native of Guiana and Brazil in sandy woods. Flowers white, Miller considers the best to raise for stocks, as they are of more
twin. Fruit yellow, about the size of a walnut. This appears robust and quicker growth. These should be raised on a hot-bed,
to be the common wild lime of America, and perhaps only a and in the course of 6 weeks they will be fit to plant separately
variety of Càtrus Limétta.
into pots, and placed again into the hot-bed, shading them for
Very-spinose Lime. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. ? Tree 15 feet. some time, but afterwards allowing plenty of air in order to har-
11 C. JAPO'NICA (Thunb. A. jap. 292.) petioles winged ;
(fl
den them. In August of next year they will be sufficiently strong
leaves acute; stem angular ; flowers axillary, solitary, or twin; for budding ; after the operation has been performed, they should
fruit 9-celled. h. G. Native of Japan. Thunb. icon. jap. be placed under a hand-glass. In the course of a month it will
t. 15. Fruit the colour and form of an orange, but small, about be observable whether the buds have taken, then untie them,
the size of a cherry, containing a sweet eatable pulp.
and let them remain in the green-house all winter. In spring
Japan Orange. Fl. May, July. Clt. ? Shrub 2 feet.
cut off the heads of the stocks 3 inches above the buds, again
12 C. FU'sca (Lour. coch. 467.) petioles with heart-shaped place them in a moderate hot-bed, and by the end of July they
a

AURANTIACEÆ. XIV. CITRUS.
597
a
a
will have made shoots 2 feet long, then harden them before the Compost. At Genoa and Florence they are grown in a strong
cold sets in by exposing them to the air by degrees. In Italy the yellow clay, richly manured; this is considered by Italian
gar-
plants are budded at from 2 to 5 feet high on the stem, accord- deners to be best suited to the Orange tribe. The French use equal
ing to the intention of the trees; a bud is commonly inserted on parts of clayey loam, rotten vegetable matter, and half-rotten
each side of the stock. The Maltese make a sloping section and dung. In the succeeding year they add a portion of decomposed
bud on one side only, which is a much better method than the horse-dung, equal to the half of its bulk, turned over 2 or 3 3
Italian, as the sloping section becomes covered with bark, which times, and many other ingredients, as pigeons' dung and sheep's
the horizontal ones never do, but a dead stump or rotten hole
dung.
may be observed during the whole period of their existence.
Mr. James Mean (Hort. trans. 2. p. 295.) makes his com-
Grafting is occasionally resorted to in Italy, and is that most pound as follows: Well rotted cow-dung, 2 or 3 years old, one-
generally adopted in the nurseries at Paris. The stocks when fourth, well prepared rotten leaves, 2 or 3 years old, one-half,
of 2 years growth, and not much thicker than a scion, are cut mellow loam one-fourth, with a small quantity of sand or road-
off and grafted in the whip manner. This manner, as well as grit added to the compost, which ought not to be sifted too fine.
approach grafting, is frequently practised in England, as well as Henderson (Cal. hort. mem. 3. p. 302.) takes one part of
another manner of grafting, by taking a slice out of the stock light brown mould from a piece of ground that has not been
without taking off the head, tying the
scion as neatly and firmly cropped or manured for many years, one part of peat earth, two
as possible, without tongueing it, and claying it over. Mr. John parts of river sand or pit sand, and one part of rotted hot-bed
Nairn places his stocks in a hot-bed for a fortnight, in order to dung, with one part of rotted leaves of trees; mixes them all
rise the sap, that the bark may easily separate from the wood ; well together, so as to form a compost of uniform quality.
the stocks are then cut off about 2 inches above the surface, and R. Ayres (Hort. trans. 4. p. 310.) uses ten parts of strong
a longitudinal incision made with a sharp knife as in budding, turfy loam, seven of pigeons’-dung, seven of good rotten horse--
separating the bark from the wood on each side. Let the scion,
Let the scion, dung, and 10 of old vegetable mould, mixed and prepared a
whether in fruit or flower, be cut thin, in a sloping direction, and twelvemonth before using.
thrust between the bark and the wood; it should then be care- Temperature. The standard temperature for the Càtrus tribe
fully tied with woollen yarn and clayed, then place a glass of is 48", but in the growing season they require at least 10 degrees
proper size over each, pressing it firmly into the mould to pre- higher to force them to produce luxuriant shoots, but the air of
vent the damp from dropping on the scion. These stocks should the house should never be allowed to fall under 40°. Although
then be placed on a brisk hot-bed of dung, and in about 6 weeks the Orange will endure a severe degree of cold for a few hours
the glasses may be taken off, and the clay and binding re- without injury, yet, as Mean has observed, the leaves once in-
moved, but it will be necessary to tie a little damp moss on in jured, the trees will require 3 years to recover their appearance.
lieu of the clay, and keep the glasses on in the heat of the day, Ayres never suffers his Orangery to be heated above 50° by fire,
removing them at night, when in-about 3 weeks they will be until the end of February, when the trees show blossom ; it is
fit to put into the greenhouse, where they will be a great orna- increased to 55°, but never allowed to exceed 60° by sun heat,
ment, being either in flower or fruit. He prefers the Mandarine the excess of which he checks by the admission of air till the
Orange for this trial, as the fruit is more firmly fixed than in any early part of June, when he begins to force the trees by keeping
other sort.
the heat in the house up as near as possible to 75º. For, he
Mr. Henderson of Woodhall near Hamilton, a superior cul- says, that neither Citrons, Oranges, Lemons, or Limes, can be
tivator of the Citrus tribe, considers cuttings as the quickest grown fine and good without less heat (Hort. trans. 4. p. 311.).
mode of getting plants. The cuttings should be from 9 to 18 The Orange, Humboldt observes (De Distrib. Plant. 158.),
inches long, taking the lower leaves off to the extent of 5 inches, which requires an average temperature of 64° degrees, will bear
then cut them right across, make a small incision in an angular a very great degree of cold, if continued only for a short time.
direction at the bottom of the cutting, then plant in a pot
of Dr. Sicklers says, “it is remarkable how much cold and snow
sand 5 inches deep, sorting them according to their size, then the common Lemons and Oranges will bear at Rome, provided
give them a good watering overhead to settle the sand about they are planted in a sheltered situation, not much exposed to
them; he lets them stand a day or two in the shade, then
the sun.
He saw at Monte Pincio 3 standard trees in the open
plunges the pots to the brim in a hot-bed, and shades them well ground heavily covered with snow for more than a week. The
until they have struck root. After they are rooted they should be green leaves, but still more the golden fruit, looked singular and
planted separately into pots in a proper compost, place them again beautiful amidst the snow. Neither fruit nor leaves had suf-
in a hot-bed, and shade them for some weeks, then gradually fered, being in a sheltered place, while those that were exposed
expose them to the air. Cuttings with wood of 2 years old he to the sun turned black and died, rendering the whole tree at
finds strike as freely as young wood. They may be put in at once sickly. This proves that it is more the sudden transition of
any time of the year except when the plants are making young heat to cold or cold to heat, than the degree of either which de-
shoots. They generally strike in about 6 weeks with a hand- stroys vegetation, as it appears that the snow had been thawed
glass over them, in a gentle heat. The Citron strikes easiest, gradually from off these trees, and more by the temperature of
and makes much better stocks for grafting than any other kind. the atmosphere than by the direct rays of the sun. Oranges
By layers. This method is practised both on the continent will stand the climate of Devonshire and Cornwall, and perhaps
and in England. In laying, the plants may either be laid down the south of Ireland, in the open air in sheltered situations. All
on their sides and laid as stools, or pots may be raised and sup- the species endure the open air at Nice, Genoa, and Naples; but
ported under the branches to be propagated from. Shoots of 1
at Florence and Milan, and often at Rome, they require protec-
or 2 years growth may be then cut or ringed, and bent into the tion during winter by placing the trees in conservatories, or
pot, or drawn through the hole at the bottom, and treated in the under sheds. But the finest
But the finest orange orchards are in the vicinity
usual manner, taking care to supply water with the greatest re-
of Genoa.
gularity. Shoots layered in March will be fit to separate in Air. Orange trees require a large share of air when the
September. In general the Citron tribe, like most other fruit weather is favourable; the prevention of damp is as essential
trees, do not succeed so well from cuttings or layers as they do to the perfection of the plants as the exclusion of cold. Where
by grafting or budding on seedling stocks.
these trees are kept in old-fashioned opaque-roofed green-
а

598
AURANTIACEÆ. XIV. CITRUS.
houses, these cautions as to air and damp deserve particular Choice of plants. For moderate sized trees to be grown
in
attention. Ayres says, the more air orange trees have during green-houses, such as are in this country or the Parisian nur-
the blossoming season, the more certain they will be of setting series are preferable. But for large handsome trees, those from
the fruit.
Genoa, Nice, or Malta are preferable, for those which are raised
Light is very essential to the growth of orange trees.
Who- from seed in England will not grow so large in their stems
ever intends to grow the orange in perfection, should adopt under 18 or 20 years, as those are when brought over. But the
houses, if not with glass on all sides, at least with glass fronts best way to procure trees from Italy is to send an order through
and roofs. When the plants are placed in the naked ground as British merchant, who has a correspondent at Genoa or Nice,
standards, glass on all sides is highly desirable, for otherwise for named sorts, according to the Nice or Genoa names, which
their leaves and shoots will all be turned to the south, but not will be found in their proper order in the enumeration of varieties
so with those in tubs and boxes, as they can be turned at pleasure. which we have given, as the plants purchased in London at the
Water. Orange trees, like other evergreens which delight in
.
Italian warehouses are without names, the greater number of
a strong soil, are not naturally fond of water; but in this coun- which will be found to be the Shaddock and Citron, as the
try those grown in boxes are often much injured for want of a Italian gardeners find these sorts make stronger roots and more
due supply, for the earth becoming indurated, and the roots shewy trees, and therefore send the less number of the less
matted, the water wets only the surface, and escapes by the sides luxuriant, but more useful varieties.
of the boxes, so that while the mass of the earth is dry the sur- Pruning. The object of pruning is to keep the head pro-
face is moist.
portionate to the capacity of the box containing the roots. At
Mean. When he thinks from the appearance of a plant Versailles, M. Pethon, who has been head gardener for 40 years,
that the water does not penetrate the earth, he uses a sharp every 6 or 8 years gives an elaborate pruning, shortening the
iron rod to penetrate to the bottom of the earth, and to form a shoots to within an inch of the old wood, and the tree, thus
channel for the water, too little or too much of which is equally almost deprived of its leaves does not produce blossoms during
injurious to orange trees.
the 2 next years, it furnishes, however, strong shoots, which are
Knight (Hort. trans. 2. p. 129.) watered an orange tree with trained to the form of a bushy well furnished head. Pruning
very strong liquid manure, and found it to grow with equal orange trees in England does not differ from that given to other
comparative vigour to the mulberry.
green-house plants, and the consequence is handsome bushes or
Ayres (Hort. trans. 5. p. 310.), after the fruit is set, waters trees, with the blossoms and fruit on the surface of the foliage.
with water, in which at the rate of 3 barrows of fresh cow-dung, But when orange trees are cultivated for the sake of their fruit,
2 barrows of fresh sheep's-dung, and 2 pecks of quick-lime, the branches ought to be kept thin, so as to admit of sun and air.
have been added to every hogshead ; when used, the water is The blossoms of most of the Citrus kind are produced in the
about the consistence of cream.
form of' terminating peduncles, on the wood of the current year,
The French (Nouveau cours. art. oranger,) water once after and hence the object of the pruner ought to be to encourage the
shifting with a very strong lessine; they also mulch with recent production of young wood in every part of the tree.
cow and horse-dung, renewing these once a month or oftener Ayres cuts away the least promising branches in February, to
during summer, that there may be always abundance of soluble make room for younger and more productive wood, and shortens
matter for the water to convey to the roots.
very strong branches, to keep the tree in shape. After the fruit
Growing the trees. All the kinds may be either grown as is set, it ought to be thinned, seldom leaving more than one on
dwarfs in moderate sized pots or boxes; as standards, with stems a peduncle.
from 3 to 8 feet high, in large boxes or tubs; as standards In France they thin the flowers, which by that means they
planted in the naked ground, and either dwarf or standard are enabled to use for distillation. The thinned fruit is used
espaliers, planted or trained against a trellis, under glass. in confectionary. The thinning of the fruit, however, will
The three first modes are best adapted for ornament; standards depend upon the state of the trees; those at Bromley-hill in
combine both elegance and utility ; in a house properly con- Kent never require any thinning, where the trees are very
structed they will produce handsome heads and abundant crops. fine, and loaded with peculiarly large fruit.
Espaliers is a much more certain way of having large crops, as Insects and diseases. The coccus and red-spider are the chief
every part of the plant above ground can thus be brought near insects injurious to the Citron tribe; both to be removed by
the glass. Though orange trees thrive exceedingly well in large water applied with a brush or sponge. Mean (Hort. trans. 2.
pots and boxes, yet to have them produce the finest crop
of p. 296.) early in March, when he top-dresses his plants, applies
fruit, they should be planted in the ground like peach trees, and a copious washing with the engine; then shuts up the house
trained like them, or as standard cherry trees in a conservatory.
close for three or four hours, which produces a strong heat, as
The latter has by far the best effect, especially when the stems high as 70°, which effects the destruction of the red-spider, while
of the trees are 7 or 8 feet high, and the heads well formed ; the stems and leaves are wiped with a wet sponge, to remove
but the largest fruit is produced when the trees are planted other insects and dirt.
against a trellis of a narrow house, and treated like peach trees. Gathering the fruit. At Rienes in France, where the fruit of
Henderson, of Woodhall, grows very large fruit in this way. .
the Orange is reared for sale, it is gathered every year, generally
All the Citrus tribe when first potted or put in boxes, require to in May. If not gathered then it will hang on the tree for 2 or
be placed in heat, watered overhead occasionally, in order to 3 years longer ; but when the fruit is green and swelling,
make them throw out fresh shoots and roots.
the old ripe fruit becomes somewhat shrivelled, and almost void
Pots, boxes, and tubs, should be of a size proportionable to of juice. But as the new fruit begins to arrive at maturity, the
the plants, as too much or too little room for the roots will in- juice begins to return to the old fruit, so that both old and new
jure the plants. Large boxes or tubs should be so constructed crops are in perfection the following May. In this way at Genoa
as to be easily taken to pieces, so as to examine the roots, or to the fruit is sometimes allowed to remain on 3 years, and being
shift into larger boxes. The largest boxes in use in Holland then gathered, has a peculiar sub-acid sweetness and flavour, and
and France are 4 feet square, which serve for trees with stems is sold at a higher price. The Lemon ripens irregularly, and
6 or 8 feet high, with heads of 6 feet diameter, and above a cen- drops off when ripe. It is therefore gathered all the year
through. In conservatories the orange tree generally requires
а
young fruit is
tury old,

HYPERICINEÆ. I. VISMIA.
599
Ovary
15 months to ripen its fruit, and hence both green and ripe fruit 3 HYPERICUM. Capsule membranous. Styles 3-5, variable
are together on the tree. In gathering for the table in this
in number. Stamens indefinite, rarely definite, disposed in 3-5
country, the fruit should be carefully cut off with a few leaves
bundles at the base, rarely free. Petals 5. Sepals 5, unequal,
attached, and thus garnished sent to the dessert. By allowing
the fruit to remain, the trees will at all times have green and yel-
more or less connected at the base.
low fruit, which, with the shewy leaves and fragrant white blos-
4. ELO'DEA. Capsule partly 3-celled, many-seeded. Styles 3.
soms, form in spring a charming ornament.
Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with nectariferous claws. Stamens
ORDER XL. HYPERICI'NEÆ. D. C. theor. elem. ed.
9-15, growing in 3 parcels.
5 SARO'Thra. Capsule 3-valved, 1-celled, margins of the
1. p. 214. fl. fr. 4. p. 860. Chois. prod. hyp. 32. D. C.
valves bearing the seeds. Stamens 5.6, free. Calyx 5-parted.
prod. 1. p. 541.-Hypérica, Juss. gen. p. 254.
Petals 5, narrow.
Calyx 4-5-parted or 4-5-sepalled, permanent, usually unequal,
the 2 outer ones small, the 3 inner ones largest, usually dotted
6 LANCRE'TIA. Calyx of 4-5 equal sepals. Petals 4-5.
Stamens 10, free, 5 of which are opposite the petals and shorter.
and glandularly-toothed. Petals 4-5 (f. 103. c.), hypogynous,
alternating with the lobes of the calyx, twisted in the bud,
Styles 4-5.
7 A'scyrum. Calyx of 4 sepals, 2 outer ones small, 2 inner
commonly yellow and veined, sometimes full of black dots.
Stamens numerous, usually indefinite, collected together at the
Petals 4. Stamens numerous, hardly connected
ones large. Petals 4.
base into small bundles (f. 102. e.), very rarely free, or mona--
at the base. Styles 1-3.
delphous, with long filaments and yellow, minute, oscillatory
Tribe III.
anthers. Ovary 1, free. Styles numerous (f. 102. a. f. 103.j.),
Eucryphie'a. Fruit capsular (f. 103. i.). Seeds flat, winged.
but sometimes joined into one. Stigmas simple, rarely capitate.
Styles 3-12 (f. 103. j.). Shrubs and trees with stalked leaves.
Capsules many-valved (f. 103. i. f. 102. a.), many-celled ; cells Flowers axillary, solitary, or disposed in terminal cymes or
equalling the styles in number. Central placenta entire or many-
panicles.
parted, fixed to the inflexed margins of the valves. Seeds
8 CARPODóntos. Sepals and petals 4. Styles 5-8. Capsule
numerous, commonly terete, rarely flat. Integumeut double,
Integumeut double, woody, with filiform placentas and boat-shaped cells.
villous. Stamens numerous.
both membranous. Embryo straight, with an inferior radicle,
destitute of albumen. Herbs, shrubs, subshrubs and trees,
9 EUCRY'PHIA. Sepals and petals 5 (f. 103. c.). Styles 12
beset with glands, and abounding in a yellow resinous juice,
(f. 103.j.). Stamens numerous, rather connected at the base.
which is usually purgative or anthelmutic, and so very analogous
Carpels boat-shaped, hanging by funicles (f. 103. e.).
to gamboge, that the juice of Vísmia Guianensis and several other
10 Elie'a. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens numerous, dis-
.
species have received the name of American gamboge. Most of , posed in 3 bundles. Styles 3. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved.
the Hypericineæ are bitter and slightly astringent, whence they
Seeds 2 in each cell, fixed above the base of the central trigonal
have been used as febrifuges. Leaves exstipulate, opposite, very
receptacle.
rarely alternate, crenated, sessile, or on very short petioles, full of
11 CRATO'XYLUM. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens nu-
pellucid and black dots, seldom without, feather-nerved. Flowers
merous, collected into 3 bundles. Styles and stigmas 3. Cap-
terminal or axillary, stalked or sessile, leafy or nakedly-panicled, sule 3-celled, 3-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each
but usually bracteate. This order may be easily distinguished
valve.
from the preceding orders in abounding in resinous juice. It
12 HARO'NGA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 15, collected
differs from Aurantiàceæ in having opposite, simple leaves, and
into 5 bundles. Fruit baccate, 5-celled ; cells 2-3-seeded.
from Guttífereæ in the anthers being oscillatory, not adnate.
Styles and stigmas 5.
Tribe I.
Synopsis of the genera.
VISMIEÆ (Chois. prod. hyp. 33.) Fruit a berry. Flowers
Tribe I.
in distinct, leafless, racemose or corymbose terminal panicles.
Vismie'Æ. Fruit baccate (f. 102. a.). Seeds terete. Flowers Shrubs or trees with opposite, usually stalked leaves.
in leaflets, racemose or corymbose, distinct, terminal panicles. I. VI'SMIA (in honour of M. de Visme, a Lisbon merchant),
Shrubs with stalked leaves.
Vand. in Roem. script. hisp. p. 138. t. 7. f. 4. Chois. prod. hyp.
34. D. C. prod. 1. p. 542.
.
Berry membranous. Styles 5 (f. 102. a.),
crowned by 5 peltate stigmas. Stamens disposed in 5 bundles
LIN. syst. Polyadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
5, usually villous on the inside. Berry membranaceous. Styles
(f. 102. e.), each bundle alternating with a gland. Calyx 5-
5 (f. 102. a.). Stigmas peltate. Stamens numerous, disposed
parted. Petals 5, usually villous within.
into 5 bundles (f. 102. e.), opposite the petals, alternating with 5
glands or scales. Anthers small, roundish, 2-celled, bursting
Tribe II.
lengthwise. Seeds with a double covering.-Shrubs and trees,
HYPERICEÆ. Fruit capsular. Seeds terete.
Flowers ter- with quadrangular, opposite branches. Leaves entire, usually
minal and axillary, corymbose. Shrubs and herbs usually with
covered with rufescent down, and generally full of glandular
sessile leaves.
and pellucid dots. Flowers disposed in terminal, branched pa-
2 ANDROSÆ'MUM. Capsule baccate, 1-celled.
nicles or cymes. Buds ovate or oblong. Flowers of all yellow
Calyx 5-
parted. Petals 5. Styles 3. Stamens numerous, monadelphous
or greenish. A resinous yellow juice flows from all parts of the
plant when cut or broken, resembling gamboge.
at the base (D. C.) disposed in 3 sets (Smith).
1 V. GLA'BRA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 183.) branches
1 VI'SMIA.

600
HYPERICINEÆ. I. VISMIA.
.
compressed ; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, smooth ; petioles short,
;
15; styles pilose. ħ. S. Native of Brazil in the province of
compressed; buds globose ; sepals obtuse, smooth; panicle loose. Minas Geraes. Leaf-buds rusty. Petals greenish.
h.s. Native of Peru.
Small-flowered Wax-tree. Fl. Jan. March. Shrub 6 to 8
Smooth Wax-tree. Shrub 15 feet.
feet.
2 V. SESSILIFÒLIA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 86.) stem angular ; leaves 9 V. DEALBA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 4. p. 184.
p
elliptical-lanceolate, acute, cordate at the base ; petioles very t. 454.) branches quadrangular, clothed with a whitish down ;
short and thick ; buds globose; calyx ovate-oblong; panicle mul- leaves ovate, acuminated, rounded and cordate at the base,
tifid. h. S. Native of Guiana. Hypericum sessilifòlium, clothed beneath with white down ; petiole 7 or 8 lines long,
Aubl. guian. 2. p. 787. t. 312. f. 2. The resinous juice which furrowed ; calyx clothed with rusty down; ovary somewhat glo-
flows from all parts of the plant when broke or cut, is purgative bose-ovate. h.S. Native of South America on the banks of
in doses of 7 or 8 grains.
the rivers Niger and Cassiquiares.
Sessile-leaved Wax-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Whitened-leaved Wax-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
3 V. RETICULA'TA (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 34.) branches rufes- 10 V. MAGNOLIÆFÒLIA (Nees ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 3. p.
cent; leaves elliptical-oblong, very long, somewhat obtuse, 118.) calyx opaque, vittate ; petals somewhat 5-striped; bundles
rather cordate at the base, netted, rufescent; petioles very short; of stamens containing about 30; styles long ; leaves ovate, rather
buds ovate-globose ; calyx obtuse, villous on the outside. h.s. cuneated at the base, full of pellucid dots, canescent.
h. s.
Native of Guiana. Hypericum reticulatum, Poir. dict. suppl. Native of Brazil. This species differs from V. dealbata in the
3. p. 694.
leaves being cuneated at the base, not rounded and cordate.
Netted-leaved Wax-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Magnolia-leaved Wax-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
4 V. MACROPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 4. p. 11 V. FERRUGI'NEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 4. p.
184.) branches smooth ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminated, 183.) branches quadrangular, and are as well as calyxes clothed
cordate, hairy beneath ; petioles 8-lines long; calyxes clothed with rusty down ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminated, rather
with rusty down. . S. Native of South America on the shining above, clothed with very fine golden down beneath ; pe-
banks of the river Cassiquiares.
tioles 6 or 8 lines long, channelled ; ovary oblong. ħ.S. Na-
Long-leaved Wax-tree. Tree 20 feet.
tive of South America on the banks of the river Orinoco.
5 V. Guiane'nsis (Pers. ench. 2. p. 86.) stem quadrangular ; Rusty Wax-tree. Shrub 12 feet.
leaves ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, dilated at the base, 12 V. LAURIF O'RMis (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 35.) leaves ovate,
.
rufescent beneath, smooth ; petioles short ; calyxes ovate, ob- acute, smooth, concave; corolla length of calyx; bundles of sta-
tuse, tomentose, with ciliated margins; flowers corymbose; sta- mens like hair-pencils; styles filiform. 4 ? S.
21 ? S. Native of New
mens numerous; berry ovate. h. S. Native of Guiana, Granada. Hypericum lauriforme, Lam. dict. 4. p.
152.
Cayenne, and Brazil. Hypericum Guianense, Aubl. guian. 2. p. Laurel-shaped-leaved Wax-tree. Pl. 2 feet.
784. t. 311. The whole plant abounds in a thick, viscid, saf- 13 V. BRASILIE'Nsis (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 35. t. 2.) stem
fron-coloured juice. Leaf-bud rusty tomentose. Androphorus terete ; branches somewhat compressed at the apex ;
;
leaves
woolly.
ovate-lanceolate, acute, short-acuminated, rufescent beneath,
Var. B, glabràta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 542.) the whole plant is smooth above ; petioles channelled ; flowers corymbose; berry
less rufescent, but whiter ; leaves more acuminated ; buds more globose. h.s. Native of Brazil.
globose. Perhaps this may be a distinct species. Hypericum Brazilian Wax-tree. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1824. Shrub 8 ft.
bacciferum, Marcgr. bras. 96. f. 1. Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. 14 V. DECI’PIENS (Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 3. p. 116.)
ined. h. S. Native of Mexico and Surinam. This is also calyx opaque, vittate ; petals with 9 stripes; bundles of stamens
abundant in yellow viscid juice.
containing about 30, a little longer than the calyx ; styles long;
Guiana Wax-tree. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1824. Shrub 8 ft. leaves elliptic-lanceolate or ovate, full of pellucid dots, clothed
6 V. LONGIFOLIA (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 326.) leaves usually with fine tomentum, at length canescent. h. S. Native of
oblong and acuminated, smoothish above, puberulous beneath, Brazil. This species differs from V. Brasiliensis in the styles
as well as furnished with black dots, with the nerves rusty be- being long.
neath and pubescent; calyx tomentose ; stamens 20-30 ; andro- Var. a, laurifòlia (Cham. et Schlecht. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-lan-
phorus smooth ; styles smooth. n. S. Native of Brazil in the ceolate, tapering to both ends, with a bluntish acumen, older
province of Minas Geraes near Villa Rica. V. laccífera, Mart. leaves not canescent. h.s. Symplocos pentágyna, Spreng.
Leaf-bud rusty-tomentose. Petals whitish-green.
syst. 3. p. 340.
Long-leaved Wax-tree. Fl. Jan. Shrub 5 feet.
Var. B, pyrifolia (Cham. et Schlecht. 1. c.) leaves ovate, or
7 V. RUFE'SCENS (Pers. ench. 2.
FIG. 102.
elliptical, rounded at the base, with a short, blunt, oblique acu-
p. 86.) branches quadrangular ;
men at the apex.
leaves oblong-lanceolate, with a
Deceiving Wax-tree. Shrub 4 feet.
very long acumen. tapering to the
15 V. PARVIFLÒRA (Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 3. p. 119.)
base, rather hairy beneath, smooth
calyx 3-nerved, with a few pellucid dots; bundles of stamens
above; petioles short, channelled ;
triandrous, shorter than the calyx ; styles long; leaves elliptical,
calyx acute, smooth. h.S. Na-
full of black dots, and with a few hairs. h. S. Native of
tive of Guiana. Chois. prod. hyp.
Brazil.
p. 35. t. 1. (f. 102.)
Small-flowered Wax-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Rufescent Wax-tree. Shrub 12
16 V. CAYENNE'NSIS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 86.) stem terete ;
feet.
leaves ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, with black dots above ;
8 V. MICRA'NTHA (Mart. trav.
petioles channelled ; calyx obtuse; buds globose; panicles few-
St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 327.) leaves
flowered. h... Native of Cayenne. Hypericum Cayennénse,
usually lanceolate, acuminated,
Lin. amon. 8. p. 321. Petals white.
smooth above, rusty puberulous
Cayenne Wax-tree. Shrub 10 feet.
beneath, and with black dots ;
17 V. ACUMINA'TA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 86.) leaves hispid be-
calyx smoothish; stamens about
neath, hardly dotted, acuminated at the apex ; buds small, ovate;
.
.
Oro
..

HYPERICINEÆ. 1. VISMIA. II. ANDROSÆMUM. III. HYPERICUM.
601
aceous.
calyx somewhat hairy; berry globose ; branches compressed. \.S. from the leaves is claret-coloured. The leaves were formerly
Native of Guiana. Hypericum acuminatum, Lam. dict. 4.
p.
150. applied to fresh wounds, and hence the French name it la
Var. B, caparòsa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 543.) branches tetragonal;
B
toute saine, and the English tutsan. It is also called park-
leaves much more hispid on both surfaces. V. caparòsa, H. B. leaves, from its frequently being found in parks. In Italian,
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 4. p. 182.
Spanish, and Portuguese, it is androsemo; in German konrad-
Acuminated-leaved Wax-tree. Tree 25 feet.
skraut or standenartige johanniskraut; in Dutch groobladig
18 V. GUINEE'NSIS (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 36.) stem round; hypericum, or mansbloed. The leaves when bruised have an aro-
branches divaricating ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, soft, and
matic scent.
dotted beneath ; petioles thin ; panicles spreading ; calyx ovate-
1;
Officinal or Common Tutsan. Fl. July. Sept. Britain. Shrub
lanceolate; corolla smooth. h.S. Native of Guinea in low 3 feet.
lands, near Freetown, Sierra Leone. Hypericum Guineense, Lin. Cult. This plant will grow well under shrubs or trees. It
amoen. 8. p. 32. t. 8. f. 1.
is easily increased by dividing the plants at the root early in
Guinea Wax-tree. Fl. Feb. April. Shrub 4 feet.
spring, or by seeds.
19 V. LATIFÒLIA (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 36.) arborescent;
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, somewhat cordate, full of black III. HYPE’RICUM (according to Linnæus this name is said
dots, and covered beneath with short rufescent down, green to be derived from vnep, uper, under, and εlwv, eicon, an image ;
above; petioles short, thick ; calyx irregularly vittate ; bundles that is to say, the superior part of the flower represents a figure).
of stamens containing about 15; styles short, thick. ħ.s. Na- Lin.
gen. no. 902. Juss. gen. p. 255. Chois. prod. hyp. p. 37.
tive of Guiana. Hypericum latifolium, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 787. D. C. prod. 1. p. 545.
t. 312. f. 1. Petals dotted.
Lin. syst. Polyadélphia, Polyándria. Capsule membran-
Broad-leaved Wax-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Stamens numerous, free or joined at the base into
3 or 5 bundles. Petals 5. Sepals 5, more or less connected at
* Species little known, or doubtful whether they belong to this the base, unequal, rarely equal. Styles 3-5, rarely connate in
genus.
one, permanent. Capsule 1 or many-celled, many-seeded, 3-5-
20 V. TOMENTÒSA (Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl. per. 183.) leaves
valved. Integument of seed double. Albumen none. Embryo
ovate, acute, downy beneath ; racemes terminal. h.s. Native
with the radicle situated at the umbilicus, and with semi-cylin-
of Peru.
drical cotyledons.—Herbs or under-shrubs. Leaves opposite,
Tomentose-leaved Wax-tree. Shrub.
sessile or sub-sessile, usually full of pellucid and black dots on
21 V.? PETIOLA'TA (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 36.) flowers trigy-
their edges, lodging an essential oil. Flowers variously disposed,
nous; leaves ovate, downy beneath ; stem tetragonal, com-
solitary, tern, cymose, corymbose panicled, rarely umbellate,
pressed. h. S. Native of Brazil. Hypéricum petiolàtum, usually yellow.
Lin. spec. 1102.
Stalked-leaved Wax-tree. Shrub 6 feet,
Sect. I. ASCYRE'IA (from a priv. and okvpos, hard ; that is to
22 V.? ARBORE'SCENS (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 36.) flowers tri- say, plants soft to the touch). Chois. prod. hyp. p. 38. Sepals
gynous ; leaves elliptical, a little acuminated; racemes branched;
connected at the base and unequal. Stamens numerous. Styles
calyxes and corollas smooth; fruit capsular. ñ. S. Native
3-5. Flowers commonly terminal, large, few, sub-corymbose.
of the East Indies. Hypericum arborescens, Vahl. symb. 2.
Styles commonly 3.
Arborescent Wax-tree. Shrub 10 feet.
1 H. ELA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 104.) younger
Cult. The species of Vismia will thrive well in a mixture of stems reddish ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, dilated at the base,
loam and peat, and young cuttings will root in sand under a somewhat emarginate, with the margins somewhat revolute;
hand-glass, in heat.
flowers corymbose; peduncles bibracteate; sepals ovate-oblong,
h.S. Native of North America. Juss. ann. du. mus. 3. p.
TRIBE II.
162, t. 17. Wats. dend. brit. t. 85.
HYPERICEÆ (plants agreeing with Hypericum in im- Tall St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1762. Shrub 5 ft.
portant characters). Chois. prod. hyp. 37. Fruit a capsule. 2 H. FRONDÒSUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 81.) branches 2-
Flowers terminal or axillary, usually corymbose.—Herbs
or sub- edged ; leaves ovate-elongated, blunt at the apex, narrowed at
shrubs, usually with sessile leaves.
the base ; flowers large, usually solitary; calyx equalling or ex-
II. ANDROSÆ'MUM (from avɛp avèpoc, aner andros, a ceeding the petals in length; styles united together. 4. H. Na-
man, and aqua, aima, blood; the fresh capsules crushed between tive of North America on shady rocks in Kentucky and Ten-
the fingers bring out a blood-coloured juice.) All. pedm. no.
nessee.
1440. Chois. prod. hyp. 37. D. C. prod. 1. p. 543.
Frondose St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1806. Pl. 5 ft.
Lin. syst. Polyadélphia, Polyándria. Capsule baccate, usually 3 H. SESSILIFLÒRUM (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 346.)
1-celled. Calyx 5-parted, with unequal lobes. Petals 5. Styles branches round ; leaves stem-clasping, cordate-oblong, without
3. Stamens numerous, disposed in 3 sets (Smith). —A suffruti- nerves, dotted ; corymb terminal; flowers nearly sessile; sepals
cose plant, with sessile leaves, and terminal, stalked flowers. oblong, acute, leafy, much longer than the corolla; styles joined.
1 A. OFFICINA'LE (All. pedm. no. 1440.) . H. Native of 4. H. Native of North America.
the north of Europe, Caucasus, and Greece, in humid places. In Sessile-flowered St. John's-wort. Pl. 3 feet.
Britain in moist woods, Hampstead, Highgate, Norwood, near 4 H. AME'NUM (Pursh. A. amer. sept. 2. p. 375.) branches 2-
Berkhamstead, and in Ashridge woods, Norfolk, Worcestershire, edged ; leaves oblong-elliptical, bluntish at the apex, but taper-
-
,
Oxfordshire, and Cornwall
. In Scotland, as in the woods of ing to the base, with curled revolute margins ; flowers terminal
,
Inverary, and at Loch Ransa. Hypericum Androsæ'mum, Lin. usually solitary; sepals ovate, acuminated, never equal in length
spec. Smith, engl. bot. 1225.—Blackw. t. 94. Stem 2-edged. with the corolla ; styles connected together. 4. H. Native of
Flowers yellow. Fruit an ovate capsule, assuming the appear-
South Carolina and Georgia. Flowers large, bright yellow, with
ance of a berry; at first yellowish-green, then red or brownish- red ovaries.
purple, and lastly almost black when ripe. The juice expressed Pleasing St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. Pl. 2 ft.
4 H
出
​P. 86.
.
VOL. I. -PART VII.

602
HYPERICINEÆ. III. HYPERICUM.
-
5 H. GRANDIFLORUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 38. t. 3.) stem
(
. calyx
calyx oblong, obtuse, beset with black dots; styles connected
round, reddish ; leaves ovate-oblong, cordate, somewhat stem- together. Þ.G. Native of the East Indies, and of the Cape
clasping, acute at the apex, netted with pellucid veins; flowers of Good Hope? H. monogynum, Mill. illust. 151. f. 2. H.
corymbose; peduncles bibracteate; calyx acutish, reflexed upon aureum, Lour.
the peduncle after flowering, much shorter than the corolla. Chinese St. John's-wort. Fl. March, Sept. Clt. 1753. Shrub
h.G. Native of Teneriffe. H. Canariense, Willd. not of Lin. 3 feet.
Great-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Shrub 3 ft.
. 14 H. MONO'GYNUM (Lin. spec. 1102. Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht.
6 H. HIRCINUM (Lin. spec. 1103.) branches winged ; leaves Linnæa. 1. p. 667.) stem terete, shrubby ; leaves oblong-oval,
somewhat emarginate at the base, dilated, sessile, acute at the recurved at the base, somewhat auricled, without dots; peduncles
apex, ovate-lanceolate, with glandular margins ; peduncles bi- sub-corymbose, leafy, bibracteate ; bracteas nearly opposite ;
;
bracteate; stamens exceeding the corolla in length ; seeds 2, ap- sepals lanceolate, acutish; styles 5, coadunate, equal in length to
pendiculated. Þ.H. Native of the regions of the Mediterra- the stamens and corolla. Þ.G. Native of Japan and China.
nean.
Schkuhr. handb. 3. t. 213. f. 3. Wats. dend. brit. t. 86. Curt. bot. mag. 334. Flowers yellow.
This plant when bruised has a very disagreeable smell.
One-styled St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet.
Var. B, obtusifolium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 544.) leaves blunter. 15 H. CORDIFOLIUM (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 545.) stem
h. H. Native of Corsica on humid rocks in the mountains. round ; leaves elliptical, acute, coriaceous, smooth, somewhat
Var. Y, minus (Wats. dend. brit. t. 87.) plant much smaller.
Y
stem-clasping, without dots; flower-bearing branches crowded,
Goat-scented St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1640. . leafy below ; bracteas ovate-cordate, acute; sepals ovate, mu-
Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
cronate, without dots; petals oblong, unequal-sided, obliquely
7 H. INODÒRUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1449.) stem suffruticose, mucronulate ; stamens short; styles unconnected, scarcely longer
round ; branches somewhat winged; leaves ovate, very blunt; than the corolla. h.G. Native of Nipaul at Thankot, and at
calyx lanceolate, acute; peduncles sometimes bibracteate; sta- Narain-hetty. H. bracteatum and Lungùsum, Hamilt. mss. in
mens equal in length with the corolla. Þ.H. Native of Greece D. Don, prod. p. 217. It is called Lungusu and Ricanana in
and the Levant. Herb scentless.
the Nawar language.
Scentless St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet.
Heart-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1825.
8 H. FOLIÒSUM (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 104.) Shrub 2 feet.
branches winged; leaves sessile, oval-oblong, rather acute, 16 H.? ALTERNIFOLIUM (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 85. t. 42.)
finely perforated; calyx lanceolate, caducous. ħ. G. Native branches round ; leaves alternate, lanceolate; peduncles tribrac-
;
of the Azores.
teate; styles reflexed.—Native of the East Indies.
Leafy St. John's-wort. Fl. Aug Clt. 1778. Shrub 2 feet. Alternate-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub?
9 H. FLORIBU'NDUM (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 104.) 17 H. PYRAMIDA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 3. p. 103.)
stem round ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, numerous, without dots ; stem winged ; leaves stem-clasping, oblong-lanceolate, acute,
peduncles dilated and somewhat compressed towards the
apex ; with revolute margins; peduncles short, thick ; sepals rather
calyx obtuse; corolla and stamens marcescent. h.G. Native acute, styles 5-7, short, thick, connected together at the base.
of the Canary Islands. H. frutescens, &c. Comm. hort. amst. 2. H. Native of North America in Canada ? Vent. malm. t.
p. 137. t. 68. Sepals ciliated.
118. H. amplexicaule, Lam. dict. 4. p. 14.
Bundle-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1779. Shrub Pyramidal-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
3 feet.
1764. Pl. 4 feet.
10 H. MILLE'PORUM (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 343.) 18 H. ROSTRA'TUM (Rafin. fl. lud. p. 87.) stem frutescent,
branches round ; leaves on short petioles, lanceolate, tapering to 2-edged ; leaves sessile, ovate, acute at both ends, with revolute,
both ends, nerved, full of pellucid dots, fringed with glandular dotted margins ; corymbs axillary and terminal ; calyx bibrac-
teeth; sepals lanceolate, fringed with glandular teeth; flowers teate; ovaries beaked ; styles 5. 4. H. Native of North Ame-
corymbose. K.G. Native of Teneriffe.
rica in Louisiana.
Thousand-pored-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 feet.
Beaked-ovaried St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 2 feet.
-
2
11 H. OLY’MPICUM (Lin. spec. 1102.) stem round ; leaves ellip- 19 H. A'SCYRON (Lin. spec. 1102.) stem tetragonal, simple;
tical-lanceolate, rather acute, full of pellucid dots ; calyx ovate, leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate, acute, full of pellucid dots
acute; peduncles bibracteate; corolla and stamens marcescent. flowers few ; sepals blunt ; styles connected together at the base.
h. G. Native of mount Olympus and of China. Smith, exot. 4. H. Native of Siberia.-Gmel. fl. sib. 4. p. 178. t. 69.
bot. 2. p. 71. t. 96. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1867. Leaves glaucous,
.
Flowers very large.
sessile.
Soft St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1774. Pl. 3 feet.
Olympian St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1706. Shrub 20 H. ASCYROIDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1443.) stem simple,
1 to 2 feet.
winged at the base, and tetragonal towards the top; leaves ob-
12 H. CANARIE'NSE (Lin. syst. 575.) stem obsoletely quad- long-lanceolate, acute; sepals oblong-lanceolate; styles free,
rangular ; branches compressed ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute ; length of the stamens.
Native of North America in
calyx ovate, obtuse; styles 3-4, diverging. h.G. Native of Canada and the western parts of New York. H. macrocarpum,
the Canary Islands. Lodd. bot. cab. 953.
Mich, f. bor. amer. 2. p. 82. Flowers very large.
Var.B, triphyllum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 544.) leaves tern.
Ascyron-like St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812.
Var. Y, salicifolium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 544.) leaves linear-lan- Pl. 3 feet.
ceolate, longer.
21 H. LANCEOLA'TUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 145.) stem round;
Canary Island St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1699. leaves lanceolate, with black dotted margins, acutish at the
Shrub 2 feet.
apex; flowers solitary ; sepals blunt; styles connected together.
Þ.G. Native of the Island of Bourbon and Caffre Land. Chois.
Styles commonly 5.
prod. hyp. p. 41. exclusive of the synonyme of Jacq.
Lanceolate-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet.
13 H. CHINE'NSE (Lin. amoen. 8. p. 323.) stem round; leaves 22 H. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 145.) stem round ;
elliptical, obtuse, with a few black dots ; peduncles bibracteate; leaves linear-lanceolate, approximate, with revolute margins,
4. H.
1

HYPERICINEÆ. III. HypericUM.
603
.
mens.
h. H.
without dots; flowers large, solitary; sepals acutish; styles Leschenault's St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 feet.
connected together. n. S. Native of the Island of Bourbon. 31 H. UrA'LUM (Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, prod. nep. p. 218.)
Narrow-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet.
branches compressed, 2-edged ; leaves elliptical, mucronulate,
23 H. PA'TULUM (Thunb.jap. p. 295. t. 17.) stem round, pur- smooth, shining ; flowers terminal, somewhat corymbose; sepals
plish ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, tapering to the base, with oval, very blunt; petals orbicular; styles shorter than the sta-
revolute margins, without dots; flowers corymbose ; styles re-
Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. Called
curved at the apex, scarcely longer than the stamens; peduncles Urala Sna in the Nawar language. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2375.
bibracteate ; sepals suborbicular, very obtuse. h.H. Native of Urala St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub 2 ft.
Japan and Nipaul.
32 H. OBLONGIFOLIUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 42. t. 4.) stem
Var. f, attenuàtum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 545.) all parts of the round ; branches compressed ; leaves elliptical-lanceolate, crowd-
shrub are shorter, slenderer, and more crowded.
ed, with the margins a little revolute, full of fine pellucid dots ;
Spreading St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. sepals oblong, bluntish ; styles exceeding the stamens in length.
Shrub 6 feet.
h.G. Native of the East Indies and Nipaul.
24 H. Java’nicum (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. Oblong-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823.
667.) stem terete, shrubby; leaves membranous, ovate-lanceo- Shrub 2 feet.
late, bluntish, tapering a little to the base, with reflexed margins, 33 H. CALYCINUM (Lin. mant. 106.) stem tetragonal, dwarf;
glaucous beneath, full of fine pellucid dots; flowers corymbose; leaves ovate, coriaceous, broad, full of pellucid dots; flowers
pedicels bibracteate ; bracteas linear-awl-shaped ; sepals lanceo- large, terminal, solitary ; sepals large, obovate, spreading; cap-
late, acuminated ; styles exceeding the stamens, but shorter than sule nodding. . H. Native of the Levant and on Mount
the corolla. h.S.
h. S. Native of Java. Allied to H. pàtulum.
Allied to H. pàtulum. Olympus, &c. In Ireland 3 miles from Cork, on the way to
,
Flowers yellow.
Bandon. Wood above Largs, on the western coast of Scotland.
Java St. John's-wort. Shrub.
Curt. bot. mag. t. 146. Smith, engl. bot. t. 2017. Jacq. fragn.
25 H. CORIA'CEUM (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p. 10. t. 6. f. 4. Root creeping. This plant is a great ornament
667.) stem terete, shrubby ; branches fastigiate; leaves coria- to shrubberies and parks, and excellent as a shelter for game.
ceous, crowded, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, glaucous beneath, full
,
Var.B, acutifolium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 546.) the leaves at the
of pellucid dots ; peduncles tern, 1-3-flowered, bracteate in the base of the branches are more acute.
middle; bracteas lanceolate; sepals oval, obtuse or acute; styles Large-calyxed St. John's-wort or Tutsan. Fl. June, Sept.
5, exceeding the stamens, but equal with the corolla. his. Ireland. Shrub 1 foot.
Native of Java. Allied to H. Javanicum.
34 H. BALE AʼRICUM (Lin. spec. 1101.) stem quadrangular,
Coriaceous-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 6 feet.
warted
i leaves ovate, obtuse, rather stem-clasping. h. F.
26 H. CERNUUM (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 59. D. Don, prod. fi. Native of the island of Majorca. Curt. bot. mag. t. 137. Leaves
nep. p. 218.) branches round ; leaves elliptical-oblong, mucro- small, glaucous.
nulate, glaucous ; peduncles solitary or in threes; sepals ellip- Majorca St. John's-wort. Fl. March, Sept. Clt. 1714. Shrub
tical, acute ; petals unequal-sided, oblong, obtuse ; styles and 1 to 2 feet.
stamens very long. h. G. Native of Sirinagur, where it is
called Peoalee. Branches purplish, suffused, with glaucous pok
Sect. II. TRIDE'smos (from tpels, treis, three, and deque,
len. Flowers very large.
desme, a bundle ; in allusion to the stamens being disposed into
Drooping St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet.
3 bundles). Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 546. Calyx of 5
27 H. KALMIA'NUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 148.) branches tetra- equal, entire sepals. Stamens connected together in 3 bundles,
gonal ; leaves linear-lanceolate; flowers 3-7, in a terminal each bundle having the appearance of a hair-pencil. Styles 3.
corymb; sepals lanceolate, bluntish. Þ.H.
h.H. Native of North -An undershrub, with axillary, long stalked flowers. Perhaps
America in Pennsylvania and Virginia.
a species of Elòdea or Elièa.
Kalm's St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1759. Shrub
35 H. BIFLÒRUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 170.) stem smooth, round-
2 to 4 feet.
ish, grey; leaves ovate-elliptical, smooth, acutish, stalked, veiny;
28 H. VENÒSUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 146.) stem tetragonal, red- sepals ovate, blunt; styles equal in length with the stamens.
dish, simple ; leaves ovate-oblong, stem-clasping, bluntish; n. G. Native of China near the Straits of Bouton. H. Chi-
--
flowers large, terminal; peduncles bracteate; sepals ovate-round- nénse, Retz, obs. bot. 5. p. 27.
ish; styles exceeding the stamens in length. ħ. G. Native ? Two-flowered St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 feet.
Perhaps this plant is sufficiently distinct from H. calycinum.
Veiny St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot?
Sect. III. PERFORA'ria (from perforatus, perforated ; because
29 H. TRIFLÒRUM (Blum. bijdr. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 1. p.
the leaves are full of pellucid dots, which gives them the
appear-
667.) stem terete, shrubby; leaves membranous, ovate-oblong,
ance of being perforated). Chois. prod. hyp. p. 44. D. C. prod.
bluntish, full of pellucid dots, younger ones somewhat stem-
1.
p. 546. Calyx of 5 equal sepals, toothed in some, but entire
clasping at the base; peduncles usually tern, 1-flowered, ter-
in others, or with glandular teeth, connected at the base. Sta-
minal, with 2 lanceolate bracteas in the middle ; sepals oval-ob-
mens numerous, free or disposed in 5 sets. Styles commonly 3.
long, acute ; styles 5, exceeding the stamens, but shorter than -Herbs or undershrubs. Flowers axillary, or in terminal pa-
the corolla, h.S. Native of Java. Allied to H. Lesche- nicled corymbs. Leaves rarely linear.
naúltii.
Var. B, angustàtum (Blum. l. c.) leaves and sepals oblong-
Sepals entire.
lanceolate.
36 H. MICRA'NTHUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 44. t. 5.) stem
Three-flowered St. John's-wort. Shrub.
round, dotted, purplish; branches straight ; leaves oblong, ob-
30 H. LESCHENAU'LTII (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 545.) tuse, full of black dots ; flowers crowded, terminal ; calyx small
,
stem round, suffruticose : leaves oblong-elliptical, obtuse, full of obtuse ; corolla full of black dots, as well as the anthers. 2. H.
pellucid dots; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute; stamens very short;
Native of Carolina.
styles exceeding the stamens in length, but shorter than the
corolla. h. s. Native of Java. Very like H. oblongifolium.
Small-flowered St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
h.S.
37 H. ANGULÒSUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 78.) stem
.
4 H 2

604
HYPERICINEÆ. III. HYPERICUM.
4. H.
.
quadrangular, erect; leaves distant, elongated, ovate, stem-clasp- leaves ovate-oblong, acutish, stem-clasping, full of black dots
ing, acute, without dots, margins sinuated; flowers axillary, beneath, with revolute edges; flowers disposed in dichotomous
solitary; sepals lanceolate, acute; styles connected together. corymbs; sepals ovate ; styles connected together.
4. B. H. Native of North America in bogs and cedar swamps
Native of South America.
in New Jersey and Carolina. Flowers beautiful copper-co- Cistus-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Pl. 1 foot.
loured in terminal dichotomous panicles.
46 H. SONGA'RICUM (Ledeb. ex Spreng. syst. append. p. 297.)
Angular-stemmed St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1812. stem compressed; leaves elliptical, cordate, obtuse, glaucous,
Pl. 1 foot.
with pellucid dots ; sepals acuminated. 2. H. Native of the
38 H. ULIGINÒSUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
Kirghisian Steppe in Siberia.
194.) stem herbaceous, straight, tetragonal ; leaves oblong, acu- Soongarian St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
tish, upper ones lanceolate, dotted; sepals linear-lanceolate, 47 H. DENSIFLÒRUM (Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 376.) plant
acuminate ; styles 3-4 ; stigmas capitate. 4.B. S. Native of
4.B.S. Native of very branchy; branches roundish; leaves linear-lanceolate,
South America near La Vente Grande of Caraccas.
bluntish, tapering to the base ; panicle terminal, compound, di-
Var. B, multiflòrum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 547.) flowers smaller chotomous, dense-flowered ; flowers solitary, pedicelled; sepals
and more copious. 4. B. S. Native of South America on very short, ovate, deciduous; styles connected together. h.H.
mount Saraguru near Loxa.
Native of North America on the dry ridges and savannahs of the
Bog St. John's-wort. Fl. July.
Fl. July. Pl. 1 foot.
Virginian mountains.
39 H. PUNCTATUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 164.) stem round, full of Dense-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Jul. Shrub 2 feet.
black dots ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acutish, stem-clasping, also 48 H. PROCUỘMBENS (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 81.) stem
full of black dots; flowers corymbose ; sepals lanceolate, and are procumbent, somewhat tetragonal ; leaves linear-lanceolate, ra-
as well as the corolla full of black dots. 4. H. Native of North ther blunt, with revolute edges, full of pellucid dots; panicle
America in shady woods from New England to Carolina, parti- terminal, dichotomous : sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute; styles
cularly in the range of the Alleghany mountains. H. maculatum, connected together. 4. H. Native of North America on the
Walt. A. carol. 189. H. corymbosum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1457. sunny hills of Kentucky. Calyx as large as corolla.
Flowers pale-yellow, smaller than those of H.perforatum. Styles 3. Procumbent St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822.
Dotted St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 12 ft. Pl. procumbent.
40 H. PHILONÒTIS (Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 4. p. 218.) 49 H. ROSMARINIFÒLIUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 159.) stem round,
,
smooth, full of black dots; stem 4-winged or 4-angled, terete erect; leaves blunt, stem-clasping, ovate, with revolute edges ;
at the base; floriferous branches compressed, 2-edged ; leaves sepals linear, obtuse, dotted; styles connected together. ħ. H.
oblong, 3-nerved, quite entire; floral leaves minute, hardly equal Native of Carolina.
with the pedicels ; flowers minute, pentandrous, and trigynous ; Rosemary-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812.
sepals acute, entire; styles apiculate, pustulate. 4. F. Native Shrub 2 feet.
of Mexico near Jalapa. Styles purplish-brown. Petals yellow. 50 H. VIRGA'TUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 158.) stem straight, quad-
Water-loving St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
rangular ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, stem-clasping, full of black
41 H. FORMÒSUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
196. dots; panicle few-flowered, dichotomous ; sepals lanceolate ;
t. 460.) stem round, smooth, without dots ; leaves ovate-oblong, styles 2-3; stigmas capitate. 4. H. Native of North Ame-
blunt, somewhat stem-clasping, dotted beneath ; flowers corym- rica. Leaves with revolute margins.
bose; sepals ovate-lanceolate, and petals obovate-cuneated, Twiggy St. John's-wort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ] ft.
both covered with glandular dots. 4. F. Native of South 51 H. HEDYOTIFOLIUM (Poir. suppl. dict. 3. p. 700.) stem
America near Pazcuaro. Scarcely distinct from H. punctàtum. straight, quadrangular ; leaves sessile, decussate, lanceolate,
Beautiful St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
acutish, pressed to the stem, covered with black dots beneath ; ;
42 H. DOLABRIFÓRME (Vent. hort. cels. p. 45.) stem erect, sepals linear-lanceolate, full of black dots; styles 3-4, stigmas
purple ; leaves linear-lanceolate, reflexed, full of pellucid dots; capitate.
capitate. 4. H. Native of North America.
flowers corymbose ; peduncles dichotomous ; sepals unequal,
;
Hedyotis-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Pl. 17 foot.
acute, reflexed, dotted, with revolute edges. 4. H. Native 52 H. MYRTIFÒLIUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 180.) stem round;
of North America on the dry hills of Kentucky. Flowers golden- leaves ovate-cordate, stem-clasping, or lanceolate-cuneated, with
yellow. Petals hatchet-shaped. Styles 3.
revolute edges; flowers in dichotomous cymes ; sepals unequal,
Hatchet-shaped-petalled St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. ovate, exceeding the corolla in length; styles connected toge-
Clt. 1821. Pl. 12 foot.
ther. 2. H. Native of North America.
43 H. PRATE'NSE (Cham. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 4. p. 218.) Myrtle-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818.
plant branched, smooth, but with black dots ; stem tetragonal, Pl. 1, foot.
rather winged ; leaves erect, narrow, linear or oblong, tapering 53 H. Brasilie'nse (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 547.)
to the apex, with reflexed or revolute margins, floral ones or smooth ; branches tetragonal, ascending ; leaves linear, acutish,
bracteas awl-shaped; stamens 20-30, icosandrous ; flowers or bluntish, spreading, 3-nerved, full of pellucid dots ; flowers
trigynous. 2. F. Native of Mexico at Jalapa.
terminal, usually tern; sepals linear-oblong, acuminated, acute;
Meadow St. John's-wort. Pl. 2 feet.
corolla small; styles 5, unconnected, straight. 4. S. Native
44 H. COLLI'NUM (Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnæa. 4. p. 219.) of Brazil about Rio Janeiro and the province of Minas Geraes.
smooth ; stem purplish, terete, branched, or simple ; branches Var. B; leaves broader, oblong-lanceolate ; flowers more
forming a cymose panicle ; leaves loose, obovate, rounded at numerous, subcymose ; stamens all fertile. In the province of
the apex, cuneate at the base, full of pellucid dots; flowers Minas Geraes, near the town called Mantiqueira.
pedicellate, icosandrous and trigynous; sepals oblong, obtuse, Brazilian St. John's-wort. Fl. Oct. Shrub 2 feet.
full of pellucid dots, and with a few black glands ; capsule egg- 54 H. DENUDATUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 336.) smooth;
shaped, acute, twice the length of the calyx. 4. F. Native of stem much branched, lower part naked, upper tetragonal ; leaves
Mexico.
small, crowded, linear-sublanceolate, acute, full of pellucid dots;
Hill St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
flowers at the tops of the branches, axillary and terminal, col-
45 H. CISTIFÒLIUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 158.) stem angular; lected into corymbs, 4-5-cynous; segments of calyx linear-

HYPERICINEÆ. III. HYPERICUM.
605
O
awl-shaped. ħ. S. Native of Brazil in that part of the pro-
h
stem erect, tetragonal, a little branched ; leaves sublinear, ob-
vince of St. Paul called Campos Geraes. Stamens numerous, tuse, full of pellucid dots; cyme trifid; flowers pentagynous ;
polyadelphous at the base. Stigmas subcapitate.
segments of calyx oblong, acuminated, acute. 4. S. Native
Naked-stemmed St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, not far from the
55 H. TE'RNUM (St. Hil. fi. bras. 1. p. 330.) smooth ; stem town of Mantiqueira. Stamens 10-20, free. Stigmas subca-
suffruticose, erect, nearly simple ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, , pitate.
obtuse at the base, acutish at the apex, full of black dots, ap- Small-dotted St. John's-wort. Fl. Dec. Pl. 1 foot.
proximate, pressed to the stem, lower and rameal ones oppo- 63 H. RIGIDUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 336.) smooth ; stem
site, upper ones tern ; flowers panicled, 3-4-gynous ; segments suffruticose, terete ; leaves linear or sublinear or oblong-linear,
of calyx equal, oblong-lanceolate. ħ. S. Native of Brazil in acute, full of pellucid dots, rigid, coriaceous ; flowers terminal,
the southern part of the province of St. Paul. Stamens poly- few, pentagynous; segments of calyx linear-lanceolate, acute.
adelphous at the base. Stigmas subcapitate.
h. S. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of
Tern-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Mar. Shrub 1 foot. St. Paul, near the town called Curityba. Stamens numerous,
56 H. TAMARISCI'NUM (Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 3. p. free. Stigmas subcapitate.
124.) stem shrubby, branched, delequescent; leaves half-stem- Var. ß, brevifolium (Hil. 1. c.) leaves shorter and more nu-
clasping, lanceolate, acute, keeled, with involute margins, some- merous ; flowers cymose or paniculately cymose.
times imbricate, full of pellucid dots ; cymes terminal, with Stiff St. John's-wort. Fl. Mar. Sh. 2 to 3 feet.
many small flowers, glandless ; calycine segments oval, acute, 64 H. LINOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 333.) smooth ; stem
one-half shorter than the corolla, but equal with the calyx ; subherbaceous, erect, very straight, tetragonal above ; leaves
stamens 18, nearly free, length of petals; styles 3, distinct. obtuse, hardly dotted, lower ones sublanceolate-linear; panicle
h.s. Native of Brazil. B
terminal, elongated; segments of the calyx equal, linear, or
Tamarix-like St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
ovate-lanceolate, acute; stamens free ; styles 5. 4.S. Native
57 H. PELLETIERIA'NUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 334. t. 70.) of Brazil in the western part of the province of Rio Grande de
smooth; stem suffruticose, much branched, tetragonal above; St. Pedro do Sul, on the banks of a rivulet called Garapuita.
leaves crowded, small, linear-sublanceolate, acutish, full of pel- Stigmas capitate.
lucid dots, covered with resinous powder; flowers small, nu- Flax-like St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. Pl. 1 foot.
merous, paniculately-corymbose, trigynous; segments of calyx 65 H. LAXIU'SCULUM (St. Hil. pl. us. bras. no. 62.) smooth;
ovate, bluntish, striated, quite entire ; stamens 10-20, free. stem herbaceous, upper part tetragonal ; leaves rather distant,
h.s. Native of Brazil in the province of Cisplatine in the obtuse, full of pellucid dots, lower ones narrow, lanceolate,
eastern part, on a mountain called Pao de Assucar. Stigmas upper and rameal ones linear-lanceolate ; flowers corymbose,
subcapitate.
pentagynous ; segments of the calyx equal, nearly linear, acute.
Pelletier's St. John's-wort. Fl. Oct.
Fl. Oct. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. 4. S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of St. Paul and Minas
58 H. PARVIFÒLIUM (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 333.) smooth ;
.
Geraes, where the inhabitants employ a decoction of the leaves
stem suffruticose, branched, tetragonal above; leaves small, against the bites of serpents.
linear, obtuse, full of pellucid dots ; flowers small, very numer- Loose-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. Pl. 1 foot.
.
ous; paniculately corymbose, trigynous; segments of calyx 66 H. CAMPE'STRE (Cham. ex Schlecht. Linnæa. 3. p. 122.)
ovate, obtuse, quite entire ; stamens free. ñ.S. Native of stem shrubby, branched ; leaves oblong, tapering to the base,
Brazil in the province of the Missions on the banks of Ibicuy. full of pellucid dots; cymes terminal, leafless, glandless ; caly-
Small-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. Shrub 2 feet. cine segments narrow, lanceolate, ending in long acute acumens,
59 H. EUPHORBIOÌDES (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 332. t. 169.) shorter than the corolla, but longer than the capsule ; stamens
smooth ; stem herbaceous, slender ; leaves ovate, or elliptical, numerous, short, nearly free ; styles 5, free, diverging. . S.
,
obtuse, full of pellucid dots, glaucous beneath ; flowers small, Native of Brazil at Rio Negro. Petals yellow, orange at the tip.
.
trigynous; stamens 10-15, free. 2. H. Native of Brazil on Field St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
the banks of the river Parahyba near Rio Janeiro, as well as in 67 H. MYRIA'NTHUM (Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 3. p. 123.)
the province of St. Paul. Stigmas capitate.
stem shrubby, straight, corymbosely branched ; leaves linear,
Var. B, minus (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems shorter ; leaves smaller ; obtuse, glaucous, full of pellucid dots; cymes terminal, small,
flowers more loose, in forked, paniculate spikes. Rio Janeiro. and many-flowered, glandless ; calycine segments lanceolate,
Var. 7, floribúndum (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems numerous ; leaves acute, one-half shorter than the corolla, but equal in length with
smaller; flowers more or less dense. In Minas Geraes.
the capsule ; stamens 12, nearly free, length of petals; styles
Euphorbia-like St. John's-wort. Fl. Sept. Pl. ] to 1 foot. 3, distinct. P.S. Native of Monte Video.
60 H. CORDIFO'RME (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 330.) smooth; stem Many-flowered St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
suffruticose, upper part tetragonal; leaves heart-shaped, coria- 68 H. PROLIFICUM (Lin, mant. 106.) stem round; branches
ceous, approximate, pressed to the stem; flowers cymose, angular ; leaves linear-lanceolate, with revolute edges, full of
crowded, trigynous; segments of calyx ovate, acute. h. S. pellucid dots; corymbs few-flowered ; sepals ovate-lanceolate,
Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of Minas stamens very numerous; styles usually connected together.
Geraes. Stamens free. Stigmas subcapitate.
h. H. Native of North America in Virginia or Canada. Wats.
Heart-formed-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Mar. Sh. 1 to 1į ft. dend. brit. t. 88. H. foliosum,
H. foliòsum, Jacq. hort. Schonbr. 3. p. 27.
.
61 H. TERETIU’SCULUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 331.) smooth ; t. 299. H. Kalmiànum, Du Roi. harbk. 1. p. 310. A very
stem erect, rather round; branches tetragonal; leaves ovate or common shrub in the gardens.
ovate-oblong, bluntish, full of black dots beneath ; flowers pa- Prolific St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1758. Shrub
nicled, pentagynous; segments of calyx oblong-lanceolate, acute.
1 to 2 feet.
h.s. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the province of 69 H. TENUITÒLIUM (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 337.) smooth;
St. Paul, where it is called Arudo do Campo. Stamens numerous,
stem short, tetragonal above; leaves narrow-linear, acute, full
free. Stigmas subcapitate.
of pellucid dots, revolute beneath; flowers very few, axillary,
Roundish-stemmed St. John's-wort. Fl. Jan. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. and terminal, trigynous; segments of calyx unequal, oblong,
62 H. PUNCTULA'TUM (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 334.) smooth; with long, acute acumens. h.s. Native of Brazil in dry
h
•

606
HYPERICINEÆ. III. HYPERICUM.
p. 425.
and leafy.
;
fields near the town of St. Paul. Stamens polyadelphous to shire, very abundantly. Smith, engl. bot. t. 296. H. Delphi-
the middle.
nénse, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 497. t. 44. H. quadrangulum, ß
Fine-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Mar. Shrub 1 to foot. dubium, D. C. prod. 1. p. 548. The petals and calyx are
70 H. GLAU'CUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 78.) stem round;
p.
blotched and dotted with dark-purple.
leaves cordate, stem-clasping, obtuse, with revolute margins, Var. B, maculatum (Crantz. austr. fasc. 2. p. 64.) stems more
glaucous, full of pellucid dots; flowers in very leafy panicles; branched; flowers more numerous; petals with black dots.
sepals ovate, obtuse; stamens very numerous. 4. F. Native 4. H. Native of Europe in groves and thickets, particularly
of Florida. Flowers large.
in Austria and France. H. maculatum, Vill. dauph. no. 1433.
Glaucous-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1812. t. 83. f. 1.
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Doubtful or Imperforated St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug.
71 H NUDIFLORUM (Mich. fi. bor. amer. 2. p. 78.) stem te- Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
tragonal and winged ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, full of sharp 77 H. CONFE'RTUM; stem almost simple, quadrangular, winged,
dots; panicle of flowers naked ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acute; destitute of black dots; leaves short, obtuse, nearly destitute of
styles connected together._4. H. Native of North America, pellucid dots, but with an irregular row of black ones near the
particularly in Carolina. Flowers pale-yellow.
margin ; sepals acute, with pellucid dots. 2. H. Native of
Var. B, ovatum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 548.) sepals ovate ; leaves Europe. H. quadrangulum, var. d, confértum, D. C. prod. 1,
stem-clasping H. lævigatum, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 448. Panicles crowded. Petals without dots.
Cronded-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 to
Var.
Y ramosum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 548.) stem more branched 2 feet.
78 H. TETRA'PTERUM (F1. nov. suec. vol. 2. Schlecht. Lin-
Naked-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. Aug. Oct. Clt. 1811. næa. 4. p. 413.) stem 4-winged ; leaves ovate, obtuse, some-
Pl. 14 foot.
what mucronulate, full of minute pellucid dots, very much reti-
72 H. SPHÆROCA'RPON (Mich. bor. amer. 2. p. 78.) stem an- culated ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, mucronate.
4. H.
gular, erect ; leaves oblong, obtuse, sessile, without dots; panicle
,
Native of Europe, Sweden, &c. Flowers small. H. quadrán-
naked, dichotomous; sepals linear-lanceolate, acute; styles gulum, Schlecht. fl. berl. 1.
p.
397.
connected together; capsules globose. 4. H. Native of Four-winged-stemmed St. John's-wort. Pl. 2 feet.
North America in Kentucky and near Philadelphia.
79 H. TETRA'PTERA-QUADRA'NGULUM (Schlecht. I. c. p. 414.)
Nuttall gives the following character: stem 2-edged at the stem obsoletely quadrangular; leaves elliptic, full of pellucid
top; leaves oblong, full of pellucid dots, obtuse ; cymes naked, dots, reticulately veined ; calycine segments broad-lanceolate,
compact; calyx foliaceous, at first shorter than the petals ; acute. 4. H. Native with the last. There is a variety with
styles 3, united or distinct; stamens shorter than the petals ; less membranous angles, less reticulated leaves, and oblong,
not very numerous; capsule globose.
blunt, calycine segments, and larger flowers.
Round-capsuled St. John's-wort. Pl. 1; foot.
Four-winged-four-angled-stemmed St. John's-wort. Fl. June,
73 H. GRAMI'NEUM (Forst. prod. 53.) stem tetragonal, dicho July. Pl. il foot.
tomous ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, stem-clasping, sessile, without 80 H. PERFORA'TO-QUADRA'NGULUM (Schlecht. 1. c. p. 415.)
pellucid dots; peduncles terminal, solitary, l-flowered ; sepals stem obsoletely quadrangular ; leaves elliptic, full of pellucid
linear-lanceolate; styles short, free ; stigmas capitate. 4. H. dots, reticulately veined ; calycine segments lanceolate or oblong-
Native of New Caledonia.
elliptic, acutish. 4. H. Native of Sweden ? Flowers large.
Grassy St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
There is a variety with dotless leaves.
74 H. FASTIGIA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. Perforated-quadrangular St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July.
195.) stem straight, branched at the top; leaves oblong-lanceo- Pl. 14 foot.
late, with revolute edges ; sepals linear-lanceolate; stigmas 81 H. ATTENUATUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 47. t. 6.) stem
somewhat funnel-shaped; branchlets fastigiate. 4. H. Native round, erect, full of black dots ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse,
of Mexico near Pazcuaro.
somewhat stem-clasping, full of black dots ; sepals lanceolate,
Fastigiate-branched St. John's-wort. Pl. 2 feet.
with black dots; petals with black dots at the apex.
75 H. QUADRA'NGULUM (Lin. spec. 1104.) stem quadrangular, Native of Siberia.
straight, branched ; leaves ovate, obtuse, full of pellucid dots, Tapering St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl.
and with black dots on the edges ; panicle many-flowered ; 1 to 11 foot.
sepals lanceolate ; anthers each tipped with dark purple glands. 82 H. RE'PENS (Lin. spec. 1103.) stem suffruticose, round,
,
4. H. Native throughout Europe in moist meadows and purplish, ascending and prostrate ; leaves ovate-linear, obtuse,
thickets. Plentiful in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 370. Curt. approximate, scarcely perforated ; corymbs few-flowered ; sepals
;
lond. fasc. 4. t. 52. Fl. dan. t. 640. Petals sometimes dotted, ovate-lanceolate, acute, with black dots. 4. H. Native of the
and streaked with dark purple. Root somewhat creeping. Levant and of Europe in the region of the Mediterranean.
Var. ß, undulatum (Willd. enum. p. 811.) leaves with wavy Creeping St. John's-wort. Fl. Pl. prostrate.
edges. 4. H. Native of the South of Europe and north of 83 H. CONNATUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 168.) smooth; stem
Africa.
nearly simple ; leaves connately-perfoliate, the free part ovate,
Quadrangular-stemmed St. John's-wort or St. Peter's-wort. acutish or obtuse, girded by an elevated margin, glaucous and
Fl. July, Aug. Brit. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
dotted with black beneath, coriaceous; flowers cymose, penta-
76 H. DUBIUM (Leers. 162. Willd.
Willd. spec. 3. p. 1460.) stem
.
gynous; bracteas linear-awl-shaped ; segments of calyx ovate,
obscurely quadrangular, erect, branched ; leaves obtuse, almost acuminated. h.S. Native of Brazil. St. Hil. pl. us. bras.
destitute of pellucid dots, but commonly with a broken row of no. 61. This plant is astringent, and a decoction of it is used
coloured ones close to the margin ; sepals elliptical ; panicles in Brazil as a gargle for a sore throat.
many-flowered. 2. H. Native of Europe in rather moun- Connate-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 11 foot.
tainous groves and thickets. In England, about Sapey, near 84 H. CHLORÆFÒLIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 329.) smooth ;
Clifton, Worcestershire; Luton, Bedfordshire; North Mimms, stem simple ; leaves connately perfoliate, the free part semi-
Herts; at Dowton Castle, near Ludlow, and Hafod, Cardigan- circular, mucronulate, girded by an elevated margin, glaucous
4. H.
a

HYPERICINEÆ. III. HYPERICUM.
607
base ;
a
a
beneath and full of black dots, coriaceous, distant; flowers Egyptian St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1787. Shrub
cymose, pentagynous; segments of calyx ovate, acuminated.
to 1 foot.
h. S. Native of Brazil in that part of the province of St. Paul 94 H. NA'NUM (Poir. dict. suppl. 3. p. 699.) stem suffruticose;
called Campos Geraes. Stamens very numerous, nearly free. leaves ovate-roundish, very blunt, mucronulate, full of pellucid
Stigmas subcapitate.
dots; sepals very thin, acute, lanceolate. h. F. Native of Syria.
Chlora-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1; foot. Dwarf St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot.
85 H. ERE'CTUM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 296.) stem round, purple, 95 H. AUSTRAÎLE (Tenore, fl. neap. app. 5th. ex Linnæa. 3. p.
p.
straight; leaves lanceolate, acute, stem-clasping, with revolute 103.) petals and calyx entire, full of black dots ; leaves
opaque,
edges ; sepals lanceolate. 4. F. Native of Japan in the moun- dotless, veiny, oblong-elliptic, obtuse, full of black dots on the
tains of Nagasaki.
margins; stem herbaceous, obsoletely quadrangular at
Erect St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
flowers cymose; petals 3 times larger than the calyx; filaments
86 H. JAPO'NICUM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 295. t. 31.) stem weak, and anthers dotless. 2. H. Native of Lucania. H. humi-
tetragonal, smooth, decumbent ; leaves broad-ovate or oval, füsum, Tenore, prod. H. dùbium, Mauri. rom. pl. cent. 13. p.
mucronate, somewhat cordate, obtuse, with revolute edges, 27. exclusive of the synonymes.
full of pellucid dots ; flowers solitary, loosely panicled; sepals Southern St. John's-wort. Pl. trailing.
almost equal in length with corolla and stamens; styles 3, short, 96 H. CUNEA'TUM (Poir. suppl. dict. 3. p. 699.) branches
diverging. 2. H. Native of Japan and of Nipaul in bogs near roundish, smooth ; leaves obovate, cuneated at the base, obtuse,
the town of Katmandu. H. dichotomum, Hamil. mss. Pedun- on short petioles, with a few black glandular dots; flowers few;
cles solitary or tern, 1-flowered. Stems decumbent. Branches sepals linear-lanceolate, longer than the corolla ; stamens 15-20.
erect. Flowers small.
4. F. Native of the Levant.
Var. B, ramòsum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 549.) stem branched; Cuneated-leaved St. John's-wort. Pl. prostrate.
leaves and flowers more crowded.
97 H. HUMIFU'SUM (Lin. spec. 1103.) stem compressed, pros-
Japan St. John's-wort. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot. trate; leaves elliptical, blunt, full of fine pellucid and black dots
87 H. DICHO'TOMUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 167.) stem suffruticose on the margins; flowers cymose, terminal; sepals ovate, longer
at the base, round, dichotomously branched ; leaves small, linear- than the corolla ; stamens 15-20. 4.H. Native of most parts
elongated, obtuse, tapering to the base, full of obscure pel- of Europe and Caucasus in sandy, gravelly, heathy, and rather
lucid dots; sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute; stamens 9, free. boggy places; frequent in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1226.
h.s. Native of St. Domingo. Perhaps this species belongs to Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 3. t. 50. Oed. fl. dan. t. 141. This species
.
Elòdea.
has a lemon-like scent, as well as H. dùbium and H. perforàtum.
Dichotomous-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 2 feet.
Trailing St. John's-wort. Fl. July. Britain. Pl. trailing.
88 H. cri'sPUM (Lin. mant. 106.) stem round, much branched; 98 H. CÆSPITÒSUM (Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 3. p. 126.)
leaves sessile, lanceolate, sinuately waved at the base, full of stems herbaceous, prostrate, rising from a woody root, and
pellucid dots ; sepals small, blunt. 4. H. Native of the regions ascending, tufted ; leaves linear, obtuse, full of pellucid dots ;
of the Mediterranean.-Bocc. mus. 2. p. 34. t. 12.
cymes terminal, leafy, few-flowered, glandless; calycine segments
Curled-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1688. lanceolate, shorter than the corolla, but longer than the capsule ;
Pl. 1 foot.
stamens about 25, nearly free ; styles 3, short, free.
89 H. PILÒSUM (Walt. fl. carol. 190.) stem twiggy, simple; Native of Chili on dry hills about Talcaguano.
leaves dilated, ovate, sometimes tapering to the base ; panicles Tufted St. John's-wort. Pl. trailing.
terminal, few-flowered. h. F. Ñative of North America in 99 H. ANAGALLOI'DES (Cham. et Schlecht. Linnæa. 3. p. 127.)
Virginia and Carolina. H. Virginianum, &c. Pluk. alm. t. 245. herbaceous, trailing, and creeping; leaves 5-7-nerved, ovate, ,
f. 6. A'scyrum villosum, Willd. spec. 2. p. 1474.
p
obtuse, full of pellucid dots ; cyme terminal, leafy, few-flowered,
Pilose St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot.
glandless; calycine segments obovate, shorter than the corolla;
90 H. si’MPLEX (Mich. A. bor. amer. 2. p. 80.) pilose; stem stamens 15-20, nearly free; styles 3, free. 4. H. Native of
simple, round, woolly ; leaves oblong, pressed to the stem, chan- California. Like H. humifùsum.
nelled, pubescent ; flowers few, almost sessile; sepals ovate, Pimpernel-like St. John's-wort. Pl. trailing.
ciliated ; styles 3, free; stigmas capitate. O. H. Native of 100 H. LIOTTA'RDI (Vill. dauph. t. 44.) stem erectish ; leaves
Lower Carolina and Georgia.
oblong, blunt, full of fine pellucid and black dots on their mar-
Simple-stemmed St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. gins; flowers cymose, sometimes 4-parted, terminal ; sepals
Pl. į foot.
linear-lanceolate, longer than the corolla. 4. H. Native of
91 H. Nutta’llu; leaves oblong-ovate, partly connate at the Dauphiny,
base, and always pressed close to the stem.
2. H. Native of Liottard's St. John's-wort. Fl. July. Clt. 1819. Pl. Z foot.
North America. H. new, Nutt. gen. 2. p. 17. Differs from H.
101 H. PUSILLUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 20.) stem weak,
símplex, Michx. Stem simple. The whole plant is covered prostrate, tetragonal ; leaves ovate, obtuse, full of pellucid dots ;
with matted, somewhat scabrous pubescence.
sepals lanceolate; petals upright; stigmas capitate. 2. F. Na-
Nuttall's St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
tive of New Holland. A'scyrum humifùsum, Lab. ill. nov. holl.
92 H. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Vent. hort. cels. t. 68.) stem suf-
2. p. 33. t. 175.
fruticose, round ; leaves linear-lanceolate, full of pellucid dots,
Small St. John's-wort. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. trailing.
axillary ones crowded, imbricate, very short, blunt; sepals acute, 102 H. INVOLUTUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 50.) stem ascend-
somewhat unequal. h. F. Native of Persia.
ing, 4-winged, slender ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, full of pel-
Various-leaved St. John's-wort. Clt. 1712. Fl. July, Aug. lucid dots ; panicle loose, dichotomous ; sepals lanceolate, acute;
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
corolla involute; stigmas capitate. 4. F. Native of New
93 H. ÆGYPTI'ACUM (Lin. spec. 1103.) stem round; leaves Holland. A'scyrum involutum, Lab. ill. nov. holl. 2. p. 32. t. 174.
small, ovate, crowded, without dots ; flowers few, almost sessile ; Involute-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822.
sepals lanceolate, acute; styles small, diverging. h. F. Native Pl. I foot.
of Egypt. Lin. aman. 8. p. 323. t. 8. f. 3. Ker. bot. reg. 196. 103 H. A'FRUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 166.) stem suffruticose,
Leaves glaucous. Flowers small.
round, winged ; leaves oblong, obtuse; full of fine pellucid dots,
-
2. S.

608
HYPERICINEÆ. III. HYPERICUM.
-
p. 347.)
4. F.
and with black ones beneath and at the margins; sepals acute, 106 H. THYMIFÒLIUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
rather unequal, sometimes serrated. h. F. Native of Barbary, p. 186. t. 455.) stem shrubby; branches dichotomous ; leaves
Spain, and Syria.
oblong, small, bluntish, full of pellucid dots; sepals oblong ;
African St. John's-wort. Shrub 6 feet.
styles free ; stigmas peltate. h.G. Native of South America
104 H. PERFORA'TUM (Lin spec. 1105.) stem 2-edged ; leaves near Santa Fe de Bogota ?
ovate or elliptical, with copious, pellucid dots ; flowers panicled; Thyme-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub.
sepals lanceolate, full of pellucid dots; anthers with black dots; 107 H. BREVI'STYLUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 51. t. 7.) stem
(
styles short, erect. 4. H. Native every where throughout prostrate, slender ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather blunt, full
Europe, north of Africa, Siberia, in groves, hedges, and thickets. of pellucid dots; panicles few-flowered; sepals lanceolate;
Abundant in Britain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 295. Curt. lond. fasc. styles connected, very short; stigmas capitate. 4. F. Native
1. t. 57. Oed. fl. dan. 1043. Turp. in dict. sc. nat. with a of South America.
figure. Root tufted. Flowers bright-yellow, dotted, and streak- Short-styled St. John's-wort. Pl. prostrate.
ed with purple. This plant has a powerful lemon-like scent 108 H. ELONGA'TUM (Ledeb. ex Spreng. syst. 3.
when rubbed, staining the fingers with dark purple, from the branches round ; leaves sessile, linear, glaucous, without dots,
great abundance of coloured essential oil lodged in the herbage, with revolute margins ; peduncles opposite; sepals blunt, striated,
and even in the petals. As this plant was found to bleed at the entire ; petals large, with glandular margins. 4. H. Native
slightest touch, it was supposed to have a vulnerary quality, and of Siberia in the Kirghisean Steppe at Lake Saisan.
became the “balm of the warrior's wound,” giving a blood-red Elongated St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
colour to every composition, whether of a spiritous or oily 109 H. DENTICULA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
nature into which it entered. The essential oil, the seat of this p. 191. t. 458.) stem ascending ; leaves linear-lanceolate, with
p
colour, is aromatic, and possibly tonic or stimulating, without retrograde teeth at the margins ; flowers decandrous; sepals
much acrimony.
oblong-lanceolate ; petals obovate-cuneated; styles free, very
Although in the present practice this plant is not much short; stigmas subcapitate. 4. F. Native of Mexico near
regarded as a medicine, yet its sensible qualities, and the re- Guanaxuato.
peated testimonies of its virtues, entitle it to further trials. To Toothletted-leaved St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
the taste it is astringent and bitter, and it seems to be chiefly
110 H. CERVANTE'sII (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p.
diuretic. It has been given in ulcerations of the kidneys, and 347.) stem erect, 2-edged at the apex, dichotomous; leaves
has even been supposed to possess virtues as a febrifuge. The stem-clasping, linear, acuminate, with revolute margins; flowers
leaves given in substance are said to destroy worms. The dried cymose, leaning to one side; sepals lanceolate, entire.
plant, boiled with alum, dyes wool yellow.
Native of Mexico.
The common people in France and Germany gather this species
Cervantes's St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
of St. John's-wort with great ceremony on St. John's day, and 111 H. LALA'NDII (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 50.) stem
hang it in their windows, as a charm against storms, thunder, and tetragonal, with black dots ; leaves lanceolate, acute, with revo-
evil spirits ; mistaking the meaning of some medical writers, lute margins, rather stem-clasping, and pressed against the stem;
who have fancifully given this plant the name of Fuga Dæmo- panicle few-flowered, dichotomous ; sepals linear-lanceolate,
num, from a supposition that it was good in maniacal and hypo- longer than the corolla ; styles 3, free. 2. G. Native of the
chondriacal disorders. Formerly it was also carried about by the Cape of Good Hope.
people of Scotland as a charm against witchcraft and enchant- Laland's St. John's-wort. Pl.?
ment; and they fancy it cures ropy milk, which they suppose to 112 H. SILENOIDES (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 162. t. 16. f. 3.)
be under some malignant influence, by milking afresh upon
the leaves lanceolate, with revolute edges; flowers leaning to one
herb. Kine and goats eat it, but horses and sheep refuse it. side; sepals narrow, acute, glandular. 2. G. Native of Peru
Var. B, latiglandulosum (D.C. prod. 1. p. 550.) glands broader on the Andes. Panicle dichotomous.
and fewer; leaves more crowded at the top; panicles more Silene-like St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
straight and fewer flowered.
113 H. INDE'CORUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
Var.
Y, elatum (D. C. 1. c.) stem taller, with more distant in- 193.) stem branched at the base ; branches elongated, tetra-
ternodes; leaves smaller, with revolute margins ; branches gonal; flowers usually pentandrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate,
straighter ; panicles loose, few-flowered.
acute, dotted ; stigmas somewhat capitate. 4. F. Native of
Var. d, punctàtum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 550.) stem dwarfer; South America near Loxa.
sepals blunter, sometimes with glandular margins ; corolla with Var. B, paniculatum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 550.) stem straight,
black dots.
many-flowered; flowers small, pentandrous or heptandrous ;
Var. ε, microphyllum (D.C. 1. c.) all parts of the plant are more petals linear. 2. F. Native of South America near Ario.
crowded and smaller ; panicles straight, many--flowered.
H. paniculatum, H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. 5. p. 195. t. 459. .
Var. 5, albiflòrum (D. C. 1. c.) flowers white.
Indecorous St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
Perforated or Common St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Sept. Brit. 114 H. CANADE'NSE (Lin. spec. 1104.) stem herbaceous,
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
straight, 4-winged ; leaves linear, bluntish, full of very fine
105 H. QUINQUENE'RVIUM (Walt. fl. carol. 190.) stem tetra- pellucid dots, but with black ones beneath ; panicles elongated,
gonal ; leaves somewhat stem-clasping, ovate, obtuse, obscurely dichotomous; sepals lanceolate; styles very short; capsules
5-nerved, full of pellucid dots, which are acute on the under conical, red. 4. H. Native of North America from Canada
surface; corymbs dichotomous ; sepals linear-lanceolate. 4.H. to Carolina, and of Mexico, in low gravelly places. Flowers
Native from Canada to Carolina in overflowed places and on
Mount Quindiu in South America. H. stellarioides, H. B. et Var. B, minimum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 550.) much smaller in
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 196. H. parviflòrum, Willd. spec. stature; flowers fewer. H. thesiifolium, pauciflòrum and Mo-
3. p. 1456. H. mùtilum, Willd. spec. 3. p. 1471. Corolla ranénse of H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
5.
p
192 and 193. appear
shorter than the calyx.
to be only varieties of this plant. 4. F. Native of Mexico.
Five-nerved-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. Canadian St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Cit. 1770. Pl.
1759. Pl. 1 foot.
I foot.
1
very small.
p.

HYPERICINEÆ. III. HYPERICUM.
609
4. H.
115 H. TARQUE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. merous black, viscid glands, on shortish stalks, such as also
193.) stem straight, branched, dichotomous, corymbosely-many- terminate the petals; styles diverging. 4. H. Native of most
flowered ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, dotted, with revolute mar- parts of Europe and Caucasus in shady places. In Britain in
gins"; sepals lanceolate, acuminate ; styles 3-5; stigmas some- thickets and hedges, chiefly on a dry chalky soil. Smith, engl.
what capitate. 4. G. Native of South America in mountainous bot. t. 1156. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 3. t. 49. Ed. fi. dan. t.
places of Quito.
802. Flowers of a bright-yellow colour ; according to Linnæus
Tarquo St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
they close at night.
116 H. GALIOÌDES (Lam. dict. 4. p. 161.) stem suffruticose, Hairy St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Brit. Pl. 2 to 3 ft.
round, straight ; leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering to the base, 123 H. NUMMULA'RIUM (Lin. spec. 1106.) stem round, ascend-
broadest at the apex, acute, with revolute dotted margins ; sepals ing ; leaves orbicular, stalked ; calyx ovate, obtuse.
linear, acute, reflexed after flowering ; styles at first connected, Native of the south of France, Piedmont, &c. on rocky moun-
but at length free ; capsules conical, very acute. h. H. Na- tains. Lam. ill. t. 643.—Pluk. phyt. t. 93. f. 4.
tive of North America from New Jersey to Carolina in sandy Money-wort-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. June, July. Clt.
moist places near rivulets. Petals equal in length to the stamens, 1823. Pl. I to y foot, rather prostrate.
scarcely longer than the calyx.
124 H. E'LEGANS (Steph. in Willd. spec. 3. p. 1469.) stem
Galium-like St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Sept. Shrub 2 feet. erect, winged, full of black dots ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather
117 H. AXILLA'RE (Lam. dict. 4. p. 160.) stem shrubby, stem-clasping, bluntish, full of pellucid dots; calyx ovate-lan-
.
round, diffuse ; leaves lanceolate-linear, narrowed at the base, ceolate, acute, with pellucid dots; anthers with black dots.
with revolute margins ; sepals rather unequal; styles at first 4. H, Native of Siberia, and near Hale in Saxony, also of
joined, but afterwards free. ñ. H. Native of North America Bohemia and Moravia. H. Kohliànum, Spreng. fl. hal. no. 864.
in the pine-woods of Georgia and Florida. H. fasciculatum,
t. 9.
H. anagalidifòlium, Presl. This is an elegant plant.
Willd. spec. 3. p. 1452. exclusive of the synonyme of Mich.
.
Elegant St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 ft.
Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 376. H. Còris, Walt. fl. carol. 190. 125 H. GLANDULOSUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 3. p.
Peduncles on the
top of the branches, axillary, 3-flowered, with 107.) stem shrubby, round, erect, branched ; leaves elliptical-
the middle flower sessile. Flowers about the size of those of lanceolate, acute, with glandular margins, and pellucid dots ;
H. perforàtum.
calyx lanceolate, acute. Þ.G. Native of Madeira and Tene-
Axillary-flowered St. John's-wort. Fl. Jul. Sh. 1 to 2 feet. riffe. Corolla pale-yellow, full of brown dots.
118 H. ORIGANIFOLIUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1467.) stem ascend-
(
Glandular St. John's-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1777.
. .
ing, downy ; leaves ovate, blunt, pubescent, full of pellucid dots;
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
flowers large, few; sepals linear, acute, smooth, with a few 126 H. PU'LCHRUM (Lin. spec. 1106.) stem herbaceous, erect,
black dots at the apex; corolla full of black dots; stamens very round; leaves stem-clasping, cordate, smooth, blunt, full of
numerous. 4. F. Native of the East about Constantinople, pellucid dots, with revolute margins; calyx ovate, obtuse, with
Armenia, and Thrace. H. Lusitánicum, Poir.
glandular serratures, like those of the petals. 4. H. Native
Marjoram-leaved St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
of most parts of Europe in shady places. In Britain in woods
and bushy heathy places, on a clay soil, frequent. Smith, engl.
Sepals toothed, usually with the teeth glandular.
bot. t. 1227. Curt. lond. fasc. 1. t. 56. Ed. f. dan. t. 75.
no. 73. Flowers golden, tipped externally with scarlet, which,
119 H. ELÒDES (Lin. spec. 1106.) stem villous, round, pro-
combined with the red anthers, has a very gay appearance.
cumbent ; leaves roundish-ovate, blunt, shaggy, tomentose, full
Fair St. John's-wort. Fl. July.
Fl. July. Brit. Pl. 1 to 1 foot.
of pellucid dots; panicle loose, few-flowered ; calyx hardly di- 127 H. ANNULA'TUM (Mor. sard. elench. p. 9.) plant cine-
vided half-way down into 5 ovate, obtuse segments, fringed with reously-pubescent below but smooth above; leaves oval-oblong,
glands ; stamens few; stigmas capitate. 4. H. Native through- stem-clasping, full of pellucid dots, and with black dots on the
out the north of Europe in marshes. In Britain in spongy, margin; bracteas glandular, crowded, pedicellate, and annular
especially mountainous, bogs. Schkuhr. handb. 3. 213. 5. Smith, at the base, and are lanceolate as well as the sepals, which are
engl. bot. t. 109. H. tomentosum, Lob. icon. 400. f. 1. Petals ciliated with glands. 2. H. Native of Sardinia in the fissures
expanding in the sun only, pale-yellow, with green ribs.
of rocks. Styles 3. Anthers full of black dots.
Marsh St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Brit. Pl. prostrate.
Annular-bracted St. John's-wort. Pl.
120 H. TOMENTÒSUM (Lin. spec. 1106.) stem round, ascend- 128 H. ELODIOIDES (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 551.)
ing, tomentose; leaves ovate, blunt, rather stem-clasping, with stem round, smooth, simple, without dots; leaves oval, obtuse,
black-dotted margins ; panicles loose, dichotomous; sepals acu- many-nerved, smooth, stem-clasping, glandular at the base,
minated ; . stigmas simple. 4. H. Native of the south of glaucous beneath ; panicle crowded; sepals lanceolate, acute,
;
Europe, particularly in the regions of the Mediterranean, in moist fringed with glands ;
fringed with glands; petals oval, with glandular margins. 4.
.
meadows.-Clus. hist. 2. p. 181. f. 1.-Mor. hist. 2. p. 470. H. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. H. nervösum, D. Don,
sect. 5. t. 6. no. 5.
prod. fl. nep. p. 219. Leaves and calyxes full of pellucid dots.
Tomentose St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Cit. 1648. Pl. Petals sulphur-coloured, tipped with black dots.
1 to foot.
Elodes-like St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820.
121 H. LANUGINÒSUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 171.) woolly; stem Pl. į to 1 foot.
suffruticose, round, straight ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, obtuse, 129 H. BARBA'TUM (Lin. amoen. 8. p. 323.) stem round or
with black-dotted margins; corymb of flowers large, dichoto- somewhat angular, erect, smooth ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate,
mous, many-flowered ; calyx obtuse; anthers with black dots. smooth, full of black dots; calyx and petals fringed with pale
4.
2. F. Native of the Levant and Greece.
hairs, and beset with black dots as well as the anthers.
Woolly St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Native of Austria and many parts of the south of Europe, par-
122 H. HIRSU'TUM (Lin. spec. 1105.) stem round, hairy, erect; ticularly in the region of the Mediterranean. In Scotland by
leaves ovate-oblong, downy, ribbed, full of pellucid dots, inter- the side of a hedge near the wood of Aberdalgy in Strathearn,
mixed with a few dark ones; panicle long, racemose ; calyx Perthshire. Jacq. austr. 3. p. 33. t. 259. Smith, engl. bot.
lanceolate, somewhat acute; fringed like the bracteas with nu-
t. 1986.
VOL. 1.-PART. VII.
4 I
-
4. H.

610
HYPERICINEÆ. III. HYPERICUM.
.
p. 300.
4. H.
Var. ß, Calábricum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 551.) leaves more erect, 137 H. SERPYLLIFÒLIUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 176.) stem suffru-
pressed to the stem. H. Calábricum, Spreng. neue. entd. 3. ticose, round; leaves ovate, obtuse, on very short petioles, with
revolute margins; calyx ovate, obtuse, fringed.
h. F. Na-
Bearded St. John's-wort. Fl. Sept. Oct.
Fl. Sept. Oct. Scotl. Pl. 1 foot. . tive of Persia.-Mor. hist. 2. p. 469. sect. 5. t. 6. f. 2.
130 H. PERTOLIA'TUM (Lin. syst. 707.) stem 2-edged ; leaves Wild-thyme-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
ovate, stem-clasping, dotted, and glandular; sepals and petals 1688. Shrub 1] foot.
fringed, and dotted ; cymes with sessile flowers. 4. H. Na- 138 H. CONFE'RTUM (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 55. t. 8.) stem
tive of Italy.
round, villous at the base ; leaves lanceolate, acute, villous, full
Perfoliate-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1785. of pellucid dots, and with revolute margins ; calyx lanceolate.
Pl. 1 foot.
2. F. Native of the Levant.
131 H. DENTA'Tum (Lois. fl. gall. p. 499. t. 17.) stem suffru- Crowded-flowered St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
ticose, round, ascending ; leaves stem-clasping, oblong, bluntish, 139 H. TRIPLINE'RVE (Vent. hort. cels. t. 58.) stem with 2
full of pellucid dots, upper ones sometimes toothed ; calyx lan- angles, decumbent at the base ; leaves linear, spreading, obtuse,
ceolate, acute, and is as well as the corolla and anthers furnished with revolute margins; calyx ovate, acute, fringed with glan-
with black dots. 21. H. Native of the Stoechades Islands. dular serratures ; petals unequal. 4. H. Native of North
Toothed-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1820. America on the banks of the Ohio. Flowers about the size of
Pl. 1 foot.
those of H. perforatum, pale-yellow.
132 H. MONTA'NUM (Lin. spec. 1105.) stem round, erect, Triple-nerved-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.
smooth ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, acutish, besprinkled with 1821. Pl. 1 foot.
pellucid dots, and marked on the margins with black dots; 140 H. HYSSOPIFÒLIUM (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 505. t. 44.) stem
calyx lanceolate, with dense, prominent, glandular serratures ; suffruticose, round, ascending ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, bluntish,
anthers dotted with black. 4. H. Native of the mountainous tapering to both ends, full of pellucid dots, in fascicles in the
parts of Europe. In Britain on wild bushy hills on a chalky or axils; calyx bluntish; styles 3-4. 4. H. Native of the
gravelly soil. Smith, engl. bot. t. 371. Cd. fl. dan. t. 173. south of France, particularly in Dauphiny, also of Tauria.
Leaves 11 to 2 inches long. Bracteas fringed like the calyx, Var. B, pauciglandulosum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 552.) leaves
resembling the glands of a moss-rose. Petals pale-lemon co- broader; stem smaller; calyx more acute, with fewer glands.
loured, without spots or glands.
Hyssop-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823.
Mountain St. John's-wort. Fl. July. Brit. Pl. 2 feet. Pl. 1 foot.
133 H. MÆ'sicum (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 348.) stem round, erect, 141 H. LINEARIFÒLIUM (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 65.) stem straight,
(
full of black dots; leaves lanceolate, stem-clasping, obtuse, full round ; leaves linear, obtuse, with black-dotted margins, with-
of black dots; panicle corymbose ; sepals lanceolate, fringed, out pellucid dots; calyx lanceolate, full of black dots.
with glandular teeth. 4. H. Native of Galacz in Moldavia. Native of the west and south of France.
Flowers lemon-coloured.
Linear-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
Mæsian St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
142 H. ORIENTA'Le (Lin. spec. 1103.) stem shrubby, slender,
134 H. FIMBRIA'TUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 148.) stem round, pur- suffruticose, with 2 angles, erect and jointed ; leaves stem-clasp-
plish, simple; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, with black dots, ing, linear, obtuse, erect, fringed with glandular hairs ; calyx
margins without any pellucid dots ; calyx ovate, acute, fringed; ovate-oblong. 4. F.
Native of the Levant. - Tourn. voy.
styles 3-4-5. 4. H. Native of the Alps and the Pyrenees. lev. 2. t. 220.
.
H. Richèri, Vill. dauph. 3. p. 501. t. 44.
Eastern St. John's-wort. Pl. I to 1 foot.
Var. B, androsæmifolium (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 502. t. 44.) stem 143 H. PA’LLENS (D. Don, prod. A. nep. p. 219.) stem round,
more creeping ; leaves more ovate. H. alpinum, Waldst. et slender, simple ; leaves elliptical-oblong, blunt, membranaceous,
Kit. pl. hung. 3. p. 264. t. 265.
sessile, usually fringed with glandular hairs, full of pellucid
Var. 7, Bursèri (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 630.) stem taller ; dots; flowers panicled ; calyx lanceolate, acuminate ; petals
leaves blunter ; bracteas longer ; calyx slıorter, less fringed. oval, mucronulate. 4.H. Native of Nipaul. H. Nipaul-
Var. d, pentágynum (D. Č. prod. 1. p. 552.) stems thicker ; énsis, Chois. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 552. Flowers sulphur-
leaves blunter; calyx longer; flowers all pentagynous.
coloured.
Fringed-calyxed St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. Pale-flowered St. John's-wort. Pl. foot.
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
144 H. SCA'BRUM (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 287.) stem round, glan-
135 H. ÆTHIO'PICUM (Thunb. prod. 1. p. 138.) stem round, dular, scabrous; leaves linear, smooth, acutish; flowers um-
smooth, reddish ; leaves ovate, somewhat stem-clasping, full of belled, terminal ; calyx small, ovate, obtuse, without glands;
pellucid dots, with revolute margins ; panicle terminal, dichoto- styles 3, free. 2. F. Native of Arabia and Barbary.
mous; calyx very acute; corolla and anthers full of black dots. Scabrous-stemmed St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
145 H. CAPITA'TUM (Chois. prod. 1. p. 57. t. 9.) stem round,
Ethiopian St. John's-wort. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1817. Pl. 1 ft. erect; leaves linear, obtuse, full of pellucid dots, with plaited
136 H. CILIA'TUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 170.) stem round, rather margins, disposed in fascicles in the axils; calyx small, obtuse ;
2-edged ; leaves stem-clasping, somewhat cordate, ovate-oblong, petals with black glands. 4. F. Native near Bagdad.
,
obtuse, full of pellucid dots, and with black ones on the margins; Capitate-flowered St. John's-wort. Pl. 1 foot.
calyx rather acute, fringed; anthers with black dots.
146 H. EMPETRIFÒLIUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1452.) stem suf-
Native of the south of Europe, particularly in the regions of the fruticose, round, with subalate branchlets ; leaves linear, tern,
Mediterranean.-Bocc. mus. 2. t. 127.-Column. ecphr. p. 77. with revolute margins; calyx small, obtuse ; petals without
t. 78. f. 1.
glands. H. F. Native of the south of Europe, particularly in the
Var. B, acutifolium (D. C. prod. 1. p. 552.) leaves smaller, regions of the Mediterranean.
more acute; flowers on longer pedicels.
-Bocc. mus. 2.
p.
117.
Empetrum-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820.
t. 91, 92.
Shrub 4 to 1 foot.
Ciliated-calyxed St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1739. 147 H. Còris (Lin. spec. 1107.) stem shrubby, erect,
Pl. 1 to 11 foot.
round ; leaves in whorles, linear, with revolute margins ; calyx
-
.
4. H.

HYPERICINEÆ. III. HYPERICUM.
611
-
linear, bluntish. ħ. F. Native of the Levant, and in dry somewhat tetragonal, ringed; leaves imbricate, ovate-oblong,
places in the south of Europe. A pretty little shrub.
A
obtuse, fan-nerved, smooth, viscid, dotted beneath; flowers soli-
Coris-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1640.
.
tary, terminal; stigmas depressed, capitate. h. S. Native of
Shrub 1 to 2 foot.
South America at Santa Fe de Bogota. H. Mutisiànum, H. B.
148 H. LUSITA'NICUM (Poir. suppl. dict. 3. p. 702.) stem vil- et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 188. .
lous, round, slender ; leaves small, elliptical, obtuse, hispid ; Mexican St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 feet.
sepals linear-lanceolate, mucronate ; anthers with black dots; 157 H. REVOLU'TUM (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 66.) branches wrinkled,
styles 3, filiform. h. F. Native of Portugal.
somewhat tetragonal at the base, but 2-edged at the apex;
Portugal St. John's-wort. Shrub 3 to 1 foot.
leaves linear-lanceolate, approximate, revolute at the base; styles
149 Å. ERICOÌDES (Lin. spec. 1104.) stem suffruticose, round, joined together. ħ. F. Native of Arabia Felix on the moun-
twisted, small ; leaves linear, acute, much crowded, dotted, tains. H. scàbrum? Lin. amoen. 4. p. 287. H. Kalmiànum,
glaucous, small; sepals acute, hardly glandular. h. F. Native Forsk.
of Spain, Portugal, and the Levant. Cav. icon. 2. p. 20. t. 122. Revolute-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot.
-Pluk. phyt. t. 93. f. 5.
158 H. NITIDUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 160.) stem round; branches
Heath-like St. John's-wort. Fl. June, Sept.
Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1821. Sh. rather angular ; leaves very narrow, without dots; sepals rather
i to 1 foot.
unequal; styles joined. h.s. Native of ?
S.
Shining-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot.
Sect. V. BRA'Thys (the Greek name of the savin-tree, which 159 H. FASCICULA'TUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 160. but not of
is from Bpaśw, brazo, to overheat ; in allusion to the habit of Lapeyr.) stem round, compressed at the top; branches erect ;
the shrubs, which resemble savin-tree or juniper). Chois. prod. leaves dense, without dots, channelled, with somewhat revolute
p. 58. D. C. prod. 1. p. 553. Calyx of 5 entire equal sepals, margins; sepals equal, erect; styles joined. h. F. Native of
usually very like the leaves. Stamens numerous, disposed in Carolina. H. aspalathoides, Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 376.
bundles. Styles 3-4. Subshrubs, with axillary, solitary flowers, Branches somewhat dichotomous. Leaves in fascicles, linear,
and imbricate, whorled, or crowded leaves, which are usually
Flowers solitary, axillary, almost sessile.
Stamens
linear-awl-shaped.
shorter than the petals.
Fascicled-leaved St. John's-wort. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1811.
*** Styles 3, with simple stigmas.
Shrub 1 foot.
150 H. STRUTHIOLÆFÒLIUM (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 160. t. 16. 160 H. TENUIFOʻLIUM (Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 2. p. 377.)
f. 2.) stem slender, chinky; branches adpressed; leaves oppo- branches angular ; leaves crowded, as if they were in whorled
site, with revolute margins, without dots, those at the top of fascicles, filiform, linear, convex, obtuse, sessile ; peduncles ax-
the branches imbricate ; sepals lanceolate, without dots ; petals illary at the top of the branches, 1-3-flowered ; styles connected
lanceolate. n. S. Native of Peru.
together ; sepals leaf-formed. h. F. Native of Georgia. H.
Var. B, minimum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 553.) stature smaller. fasciculatum, Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 80. H. Michaúxii
,
Var. 7, stríctum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 553.) branches longer, Poir. dict. suppl. 3. p. 696. H. fasciculatum, var. B, laxifolium.
straight. H. stríctum, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. D. C. prod. 1. p. 554. Resembles the foregoing species, but
differs in the branches being angular, and in the leaves being
Struthiola-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot.
less fascicled.
151 H. ACERO'SUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. Fine-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot.
187. t. 457.) branches scabrous, tetragonal; leaves all imbricate,
Styles 5, with capitate stigmas.
feathery, thickish ; sepals lanceolate-oblong; petals unequal-
sided, obovate. ħ.s. Native of South America on the Andes
161 H. BRA'Thys (Lam. dict. 4. p. 152.) stem round, with
about Quito.
adpressed branches ; leaves dense, channelled at the apex, with-
,
Feathery-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot.
out pellucid dots; margins of the sepals somewhat membrana-
152 H. ACICULA'RE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
ceous; styles usually 5, rarely 4. his. Native of New Gra-
190.) branches scabrous, straight ; leaves needle-shaped, spread-
.
nada near Santa Fe de Bogota. Smith, icon. ined. t. 41.
ing; flowers monogynous, middle-sized ; sepals lanceolate;
Bráthys junipérina, Lin. fil.
petals pointed. h.s. Native of South America near Loxa.
Var. B, junipérinum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 554.) leaves more
Needle-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot.
robust; flowers larger. H. juniperinum, H. B. et Kunth, nov.
153 H. LARICIFOʻLIUM (Juss. ann. mus. 3. p. 160. t. 16. f. 1.)
gen. amer. 3. p. 189. Flowers trigynous.
.
Savin-like St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot.
stem round, scabrous, with spreading branches ; leaves lanceo-
late, tapering to both ends, crowded; sepals lanceolate, without
+ Doubtful species.
dots; petals lanceolate; styles very long ; stigmas thick. h. S.
162 H. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (Lour. fl. coch. 472.) flowers tri-
Native of Peru.
gynous; leaves on short petioles, very dense ; stem arboreous;
Larch-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot.
peduncles usually 5-flowered, axillary. K.G. Native of Co-
154 H. THUYOÌDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
chin-china in woods. Flowers red or scarlet. Sepals entire,
187. t. 456.) branchlets scabrous, tetragonal, spreading ; leaves
very acute.
Stamens disposed in 3 bundles. Capsules 3-celled.
decussately-opposite, ovate, acutish; flowers solitary ; sepals Cochin-china St. John's-wort. Clt. 1821. Shrub 16 feet.
elliptical-oblong; petals obovate; stigmas obtuse. h.s. Na- 163 H. EMARGINA'TUM (Lam. dict. 4. p. 154.) stem shrubby;
tive of South America on the Andes about Quindiu.
flowers trigynous; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, stem-clasping,
Thuja-like St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot.
emarginate; sepals lanceolate, somewhat striated.
155 H. CARACCASA'NUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 1458.) branches Native of? This species is probably referable to Elodea.
tetragonal, winged ; leaves ovate-oblong, acute, approximate, Emarginate-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot.
somewhat imbricate; flowers terminal and lateral; stigmas 164 8. VERTICILLA'TUM (Thunb. prod. 137.) stem herba-
thick, truncate. h.S. Native of South America, near Caraccas. ceous ; leaves 4 in a whorl. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of
Caraccas St. John's-wort. Shrub 1 foot.
Good Hope.
156 MEXICA'NUM (Lin. amoen. 8. p. 322. t. 8. f. 2.) branches
Whorled-leaved St. John's-wort. Shrub ?
p. 190.
h. G.
4 1 2

612
HYPERICINEÆ. III, HYPERICUM. IV. ELODEA. V. SAROTHRA. VI. LANCRETIA. VII. AscyRUM.
cor. 18.
grow in
-
a
165 H. FU'LGIDUM (Rafin. fl. lud. p. 88.) stem shrubby, te- Tubular-flowered Elodea. Fl. July, Sept. Pl. 1 foot ?
tragonal; branches slender ; leaves sessile, linear, spreading ; Cult. The species of this genus do best in pots, in a peat or
flowers almost sessile, axillary and terminal. h. F. Native of vegetable soil, and the pots require to be sunk in water to their
Louisiana.
middle, either in a pond or a pan of water. All require protection
Fulgid St. John's-wort. Shrub 4 feet.
during winter.
* Species only known by name.
V. SARO'THRA (from capwpov, sarothron, a besom ; ap-
166 H. CREʼTICUM supinum, folio subrotundo, flore magno. pearance of plant). Willd. spec. 1. p. 1515.
Tourn. cor. 18.
LIN. syst. Pentándria, Trigynia. Calyx -5-parted. Petals
167 H, ORIENTALE ; foliis subrotundis auritis cauli adhæren- 5, linear-oblong. Capsule oblong, acute, coloured, 1-celled, 3-
tibus. Tourn. cor. 18.
valved, with the margins of the valves bearing the seeds.-A
168 H. ANDROSÆ'mo hirsuto simile sed glàbrum. Tourn. small plant, with the inflorescence of Hypericum, much branched;
branches erect and trichotomous. Leaves scarcely visible, linear.
169 H. LINE ARIÆFÒLIO. Tourn. cor. 18.
Flowers solitary, axillary, and terminal, sessile.
170 H. LATIFOLIUM subhirsutum, caule purpureo
villoso.
1 S. HYPERICOIDES (Nutt. gen. 1. p. 204.) 4. H. Native of
Tourn. cor. 18.
North America. Hypericum Saròthra, Michx et Pursh, fl. amer.
171 H. UNDULA'TUM (Schousb. Willd. Zucc.).
sept. 2. p. 378. Saròthra gentianoides, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1515.
172 H. NIGRICANS (Zucc. hort. flor.).
St. John's-wort-like Sarothra. Fl. July. Clt. Pl. | foot.
Cult. The greater part of the species are very shewy, although Cult. This plant will grow in any kind of soil, and is easily
they have a common appearance. The hardy herbaceous kinds increased by cuttings or seeds.
will
any common garden-soil, and are easily increased
by dividing the plants at the root or by seeds; the stove, frame, VI. LANCRETIA (probably from the name of some bota-
and green-house herbaceous species should be increased in the nist). Del. fl. æg. p. 69. t. 25. D. C. prod. 1. p.
555.
same manner. The annual sorts only require to be sown in the LIN. Syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 or 5 equal
open border about the beginning of April. The hardy shrubby sepals. Petals 4-5. Stamens 10, unconnected, the 5 shortest
kinds, being dwarf and shewy, are well fitted for the front of of these are opposite the petals. Styles 4-5.—A shrub, with
shrubberies ; they will thrive in any common garden-soil, and oblong, sessile, toothed or crenate leaves, and terminal flowers.
are easily increased, by dividing the plants at the root, by seeds, 1 L. SUFFRUTICÒSA (Del. 1. c.) h. F. Native of Upper Egypt
or by cuttings planted under a hand-glass. The green-house and and Nubia. Ascyroides Africana chamaedryos fòlio, Lipp. mss.
frame shrubby kinds will thrive well in a mixture of loam and in Bibl. Juss. ex Delile. Leaves small, in fascicles, hoary-hispid.
peat, and young cuttings of them will root freely in sand under a
Flowers aggregate, white.
bell-glass. The stove shrubby species will thrive in the same kind Suffruticose Lancretia. Shrub prostrate.
of soil as that recommended for the green-house species, and young Cult. This pretty little shrub will require to be protected
cuttings of them will root in sand under a bell-glass, in heat. during winter by a frame. A mixture of loam and peat will
suit it well, and young cuttings planted in sand, with a hand-
IV. ELO'DEA (from klos, elos, a marsh ; habitation of glass placed over them, will strike root freely.
plants). Adanson, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 379.
Lin. syst. Polyadélphia, Polyandria. Calyx 5-parted, equal. VII. A'SCYRUM (from a priv. and okvpos, skyros, hard ; that
Petals 5, with nectariferous claws. Stamens 9-15, growing in is to say, a plant which is soft to the touch). Lin.
gen.
903. Juss.
3 bundles. Glands between the parcels. Styles 3, diverging. gen. p. 254. Chois. prod. hyp. 60. D. C. prod. 1. p. 555.-
Capsule partly 3-celled, many-seeded. Vegetation similar to Hypericoides, Adans. fam. 2. p. 443.
Hypéricum, but the flowers are usually red. Stems terete. LIN. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals, the
1 E. PETIOLATA (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 2. p. 379.) leaves ob- 2 outer ones smallest. Petals 4. Stamens numerous, with the
long, obtuse, tapering down the petiole, full of pellucid dots ; filaments disposed in 4 bundles. Styles 1-3.-Sub-shrubs,
flowers on short, axillary peduncles; sepals obtuse; stamens 9- with sessile, entire leaves, destitute of pellucid dots, but usually
10. 2. H. Native of North America on the banks of lakes furnished with black dots beneath. Flowers few, terminal and
in Virginia and Carolina. Hypericum petiolàtum, Walt. fl
. car. axillary, yellow. Plants resembling Hypericum.
191. H. axillàre, Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 81. H. paludósum, 1 A. PU'MILUM (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 77.) stem small,
Chois. prod. hyp. p. 43. Flowers yellowish-red.
simple, quadrangular ; leaves oval, obtuse, in fascicles; pedicels
Stalked-leaved Elodea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 ft. 6 lines long, reflexed; flowers with 1 or 2 styles. 4. F. Na-
2 E. CAMPANULATA (Pursh. l. c.) stem suffruticose; leaves tive of North America, particularly in the pine barrens of Geor-
oblong, obtuse, somewhat stem-clasping, full of pellucid dots ; gia. Flowers small.
flowers stalked, axillary ; sepals lanceolate; stamens 9-12. 4. Dwarf Ascyrum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1806. Pl. 1 foot.
H. Native of North America from Canada to Carolina, in bogs 2 A. PAUCIFLÒRUM (Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 15.) plant decum-
and wet places. Hypericum Virgínicum, Lin. spec. 1104. Elò- bent, diffuse, with numerous slender stems; leaves approximate,
dea Virgínica, Nutt. gen. amer. 2. p. 17.-Andr. bot. rep. 552. linear-oblong, obtuse; flowers few ; pedicels reflexed, each fur-
Flowers yellowish-red, very handsome.
nished with 2 bracteas at their base ; style 1. 4 ? F. Native
Var. B, emarginata (Pursh. 1. c.) H. emarginatum, Lam. dict. of North America in the woods of Georgia.
4. p. 154.
Few-flowered Ascyrum. Fl. June, Aug. Pl. decumbent.
Campanulate Elodea. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1800. Pl. 1į ft. 3 A. CRU'x-A'NDREÆ (Lin. spec. 1107.) stem suffruticose,
3 E. TUBULÒSA (Pursh. 1. c.) leaves sessile; corolla tubular ; round; branches erect; leaves ovate-linear, obtuse, usually in
stamens connected beyond the middle. 4. H. Native of Ca- bundles in the axils; corymbs terminal; flowers nearly sessile ;
rolina. Pursh discovered it in a dismal swamp in North Caro- each pedicel furnished with 2 bracteas; two inner sepals rather
lina. Hypericum tubulosum, Walt. fl. car. 191. The flowers orbicular ; styles 1-2. h. F.
h. F. Native of North America in
are axillary, and almost sessile, solitary, twin or tern ; the petals sandy fields and woods, from New Jersey to Carolina ; and of
are long and acute, of a pale-red colour.
Jamaica. Hypericum frutéscens humifusa, Plum. ed. Burm.
a
a
.
1

.
of
2.
28
HYPERICINEÆ. VII. Ascyrum. VIII, CARPODONTOS. IX. EucRYPHIA. X. EliEA. XI. CRATOXYLUM. 613
amer. p. 146. t. 152. Chois. prod. hyp. p. 61. Petals narrow, IX. EUCRY'PHIA (from ev, eu, well, and kpvpiu, cryphia,
pale-yellow. Flowers in terminal corymbs.
a cover; in allusion to the flower being covered by a calyptra
St. Andrew's-cross Ascyrum. Fl. July. Clt. 1759. Shrub before expansion) (f. 103. a.). Cav. icon. 4. p. 49. t. 372. Chois.
1 foot.
prod. hyp. p. 62. D. C. prod. 1. p. 556.
4 A. MULTICAU'LE (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 77.) stem suf- Lin. syst. Polyándria, Polygynia. Calyx of 5 sepals,
fruticose ; leaves crowded, oblong-linear, obtuse ; peduncles bi- connected at the base (f. 103. a.). Styles usually 12 (f. 103.j.).
bracteate, lateral, and terminal. h.F. Native of Virginia and Petals 5 (f. 103. c.). Stamens numerous, somewhat connected
Carolina in sandy fields and woods. A. hypericoides, Ait. hort. at the base. Anthers didymous (f. 103. h.). Capsules ovate (f.
kew. A. Crúx-A'ndreæ var. B, angustifolium, D. C. prod. 1. 103. i.), with boat-shaped cells, hanging from funicles (f. 103.
p. 555. Styles 1-2, conniving.
e.).-A tree with opposite leaves, and axillary, solitary flowers.
Many-stemmed Ascyrum. Fl. July. Shrub 1 foot.
Carpels many, many-seeded (f. 103. f.), fixed to the central
5 A. HYPERICOIDES (Lin. spec. 1108.) stem suffruticose, axils (f. 103. e.).
round ; branches 2-edged ; leaves oblong-linear, obtuse, each 1 E. CORDIFÒLIA (Cav. 1. c.)
FIG. 103.
furnished with 2 glands at the base ; two inner sepals somewhat h. S. Native of South America
orbicular; styles 3. h.F. Native of North America in over- near San Carlos de Chiloe. A
flowed open places, from New Jersey to Carolina ; and of Ja- beautiful tree, with cordate-oblong,
maica. Flowers terminal, solitary, on short pedicels, larger than crenated, downy leaves, and white,
those of A. Crúx-Andreæ.
stalked flowers. Mellìnia, Molin.
St. John's-wort-like Ascyrum. Shrub 2 feet.
(f. 103).
6 A. STA'NS (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 77.) stem shrubby, Cordate-leaved Eucryphia. Tree
erect, winged ; branches straight ; leaves ovate-elliptical, obtuse, 40 feet.
glaucous; peduncles axillary, usually 3-flowered; two inner Cult. This fine tree will
grow
sepals cordate-orbicular; stamens connected at the base ; styles well in a mixture of loam, peat,
h.F. Native of Carolina. Vent, malm. p. 90. Hypéri- and sand ; and young cuttings will
cum floridànum, Pluk. t. 412. f. 5.? Hypericum tetrapétalum, root if planted in a pot of sand
Lam. dict. 4. p. 153. ex Chois. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 555.
with a hand-glass placed over them,
Standing Ascyrum. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1806. Shrub 2 ft. in a moderate heat.
9
7 A. AMPLEXICAU'LE (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 77.) stem
dichotomously panicled ; leaves stem-clasping, ovate, cordate,
sinuately-curled ; corymbs naked ; styles 3. h. F.
h. F. Native of
North America in low grounds and woods, from Virginia to
X. ELIEA (in honour of M. Elie de Beaumont, whose
Florida. Hypericum stàns var. B, Chois. prod. p. 61. The
works have thrown so much light on the geological revolutions of
flowers and leaves are longer in this than in any other of the
our globe).' Cambess. in Ann, scien. nat. par. Aug. 1830. vol.
species.
20. p. 400. t. 13. Cussònia, Comm. mss. but not of D. C.
Stem-clasping-leaved Ascyrum. Fl.Jul. Aug. Cit.1806. Sh.2 ft.
Lanigerostèma, Chapel. mss. Hypéricum, Spec. Lam. and
Cult. A genus of elegant little herbs and shrubs. They re-
Chois.
quire to be protected during winter by a frame; for this pur-
LIN. SYST. Polyadélphia, Polyandria. Calyx permanent,
pose they should be grown in pots, as they never exist long in
5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, disposed in 3 bundles.
the
open border. A mixture of one-half peat, and the other
Anthers fixed by their middle, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise.
sand, will suit them well; and young cuttings of the shrubby Styles 3, crowned by capitate stigmas. Capsule surrounded by
kinds will root in sand under a hand or bell-glass. The herba-
the permanent calyx, petals, and stamens, 3-celled ; cells divided
ceous kinds may be increased by parting the roots in spring. All
by incomplete dorsal dissepiments, 3-valved ; valves bent in so
may be raised from seeds.
much at the margins as to constitute perfect dissepiments. Seeds
2 in each cell, each separated by the incomplete intervalvular dis-
Tribe III.
sepiment, flat, winged, fixed above the base of the central, fili-
form, trigonal receptacle. Embryo flat, near the hylum of the
EUCRYPHIE'A (Cambess. in ann. scien. par. vol. 20. p.
seed.—A shrub, with cruciately-opposite, jointed branches and
402. Aug. 1830). Styles 3-12 (f. 103. j.). "Seeds flat (f
. leaves. Flowers cymose, yellow.
103. f.), winged.
1 E. ARTICULATA (Cambess. I. c. p. 401. t. 13.) h.S. Na-
VIII. CARPODO'NTOS (from kaptos, carpos, a fruit, and
tive of Madagascar. Hypericum articulatum, Lam. dict. 4. p.
odove odovtos, odous odontos, a tooth; cells or carpels bidentate
569. Chois in D. C. prod. 1. p. 546. Leaves oblong-obovate,
-
at the apex). Lab. nov. holl. 2. p. 122.
122. Chois.
Chois. prod. p. 61.
with entire, revolute margins, coriaceous, full of pellucid and
D. C. prod. 1. p. 556.
black dots, feather-nerved. Cymes of flowers axillary and ter-
Polyándria, Polygynia. Styles 5-8. Se-
minal ; pedicels tetragonal. Segments of calyx ovate, obtuse,
pals and petals 4. Stamens numerous, free.
marked with black lines. Petals imbricate in the bud, 3 times
Carpels 5-8,
woody, 1-celled, opening on the inside, with filiform placentas
: longer than the calyx. Filaments woolly, unequal.
Ovary villous.-A tree with stalked, opposite leaves. Flowers
Jointed-stemmed Eliea. Shrub 4 to 10 feet?
white, axillary, solitary. Peduncles each with two scales at their
Cult. This shrub will grow freely in a mixture of loam and
base.
peat, and cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in
1 C. LU'CIDA (Lab. voy. rech. Lapeyr. 2. p. 16. t. 18.) h. G.
a moist heat.
Native of Van Diemen's Land. Flowers white.
Shining-leaved Carpodontos. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet. XI. CRATO'XYLUM (from kparos, cratos, strength, and
Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, Eulov, xylon, wood; wood strong and hard). Blum. bijdr. ex
and sand; and young cuttings will root if planted in a pot of Schlecht. Linnæa, 1. p; 667.
sand, with a hand-glass placed over them.
Lin. syst. Polyadélphia, Polyandria. Calyx profoundly 5-
a
.
.
LIN. SYST.
a

614
GUTTIFERÆ.
HYPERICINEÆ. XI. CRATOXYLUM. XII. HARONGA.
parted, permanent. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, collected into to bear; the trees when broke yield a quantity of yellow gluten).
3 bundles at the base. Styles and stigmas 3. Capsule rather Juss. gen. p. 243. D. C. prod. 1. p. 557.
membranous. 3-celled, 3-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle
Calyx of 2-4-sepals, rarely many-sepalled or 5 (f. 104. a.) -6-
of each valve. Seeds numerous, compressed, ending above in
a leafy wing. Embryo straight, exalbuminous, with an inferior parted. Sepals imbricate, usually cruciately disposed, outer
radicle.
ones shortest. Petals hypogynous, 4 (f. 104. b.) -6, rarely
1 C. HORNSCHU'CHII (Blum. 1. c.) K.S. Native of Java. 8-10, usually yellow, free, alternate with or opposite the caly-
A tall tree, with opposite, oblong-lanceolate leaves, which stand
cine leaflets. Stamens indefinite (f. 104. c.), rarely definite, hy-
on short petioles, and terminal panicles of yellow ? flowers.
pogynous ; filaments sometimes free, sometimes connected at the
Hornschuch's Cratoxylum. Tree 40 feet.
Cult. Loam and peat will be a good mixture for this tree,
base, or in bundles (f. 104. c.). Anthers adnate, 2-celled,
and young cuttings will readily root if planted in sand under a rarely 1-celled (as in Havètia), bursting by longitudinal chinks,
hand-glass, in heat.
rarely by pores at the apex. Receptacle fleshy, rarely drawn
out into a 5-lobed disk, as in Chrysòpia. Style simple or nearly
XII. HARO'NGA (Ronga is the name of H. Madagasca- wanting, rarely with the stigmas distinct, subsessile (f. 104. e.).
riénsis in Madagascar). Pet. Th. gen. nov. madag. no. 49.
Chois. prod. hyp. 33. D. C. prod. 1. p. 541. Harongàna, Lam.
Ovary 2-8-celled, rarely l-celled, as in Calophyllum ; cells con-
ill. t. 645.- Arongàna, Pers. ench. 2. p. 91. Hæmọcárpus, taining 1 or many ovulæ. Ovula fixed to the inner angle or
Noronh. Spreng.
base of the cells. Fruit sometimes capsular and dehiscent,
LIN. syst. Polyadélphia, Polyándria. Berry drupaceous, 2- sometimes fleshy (f. 104. f.) and indehiscent or drupaceous, 2
3-5-celled. Styles and stigmas 5. Stamens 15, connected in 5
-
or many-celled, rarely 1-celled. Seeds wingless, usually arillate.
equal bundles at the base ; these bundles alternate with the scales
on the ovary. Sepals and petals 5.—Shrubs with branching
Seed covering thin and papery. Albumen wanting.
Albumen wanting. Embryo
stems, and the flowers are disposed in branching, many or few straight, with a small radicle, and large, coadunate, thick, entire
flowered panicles, which are yellow.
cotyledons.
§ 1. Leaves entire.
The Guttíferæ contains trees natives of the hottest parts of
1 H. MADAGASCARIE'Nsis (Chois. prod. hyp. p. 34.) stem
the world, and well known by their thick, entire, opposite
round ; leaves elliptic-lanceolate, large, on long stalks ; corymbs leaves, and resinous juice. In the countries where they grow
terminal, very large, and very branchy. ħ. S. Native of they are of great importance. The Magostàna bears a fruit,
Madagascar and Bourbon. Arongària paniculata, Pers. ench. 2. the equal of which is supposed not to exist. The
The gamboge is
p. 91. Hæmocárpus paniculata, Spreng.
the inspissated juice of Garcinia Cambògia and G. Morella ;
Var. B, pubescens (D. C. prod. 1. p. 542.) leaves smaller and
more pubescent. h. S. H. pubescens, Poir. encycl. 4. p. 721.
the juice of others is found an efficacious vermifuge, and also a
Madagascar Haronga. Clt. 1822. Shrub 10 feet.
remedy for the chiggers, one of the worst pests of equinoxial
2 H. LANCEOLATA (Chois. mss.) stem angular ; leaves ovate- America. The flowers of all being shewy, and the properties
lanceolate, 1-2 inches long, very smooth, on short petioles ; interesting, every species deserves cultivation. The seeds do
corymb terminal, few-flowered. h.S. Native of Madagascar. not retain their vegetative power for any length of time,
Hæmocarpus corymbosa, Spreng.
Lanceolate-leaved Haronga. Shrub 8 feet.
therefore the surest way to obtain plants from the places of their
3 H. REVOLU'TA (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 542.) leaves natural growth, is to sow the seeds in tubs or boxes of earth, and
ovate-oblong, obtuse, with revolute margins, very large, with when the plants have obtained strength, they may be brought to
brownish nerves ; corymbs straight, few-flowered. H.S. Na- Europe, but there should be care taken in their passage to
tive of Madagascar. Hæmocárpus, Spreng.
Revolute-leaved Haronga. Shrub 4 feet.
screen them from the spray of the sea, also not to give them too
much water.
§ 2. Leaves crenate.
Guttíferæ is so nearly allied to the Ternstroemiàceæ that it
4 H. MOLLU'SCA (Pers. ench. 2. p. 91.) leaves lanceolate, acu- is difficult to distinguish the one from the other; in the Tern-
minated, obsoletely crenated; peduncles axillary, 3-4-flowered. stroemiàceæ the leaves are alternate, but this character offers a
h.S. Native of Madagascar.- Pluk. alm. t. 241. f. 5.
few exceptions, but in the Guttiferæ they are always op-
Molluscous Haronga. Shrub 4 feet.
5 H. crenata (Pers. ench. 2. p. 91.) leaves ovate, blunt, posite. In Ternstroemiàceæ the calyx and corolla are always
p
large, broadly crenated; peduncles axillary, many-flowered.
separate, but in Guttiferæ they are usually connected ; in the
h. s. Native of Madagascar.- Pluk. alm. t. 242. f. 1.
first the petals are usually connected at the base, and twisted in
Crenated-leaved Haronga. Shrub 12 feet.
.
æstivation; in the second the petals are always free and convo-
6 H. AXILLA'RIS ; leaves oblong, tapering to both ends,
lute in æstivation. The seeds in Ternstroemiàceæ are either
smooth, and opaque above, discoloured beneath ; peduncles axil-
lary, aggregate, shorter than the leaves. h.S. Native of Ma-
furnished with albumen or terminated by a prolonged membrane;
dagascar. Harónga, no. 49. Willd. herb.
in Guttiferæ these characters are always wanting. Guttiferæ
Axillary-flowered Haronga. Shrub.
differs from Hypericíneæ by the branches, leaves, and peduncles
Cult. These shrubs will thrive in a mixture of loam and
being articulated, by the seeds being large and usually solitary in
peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass,
the cells, by the anthers being adnate, not articulated at the
in heat.
summit. Ternstraemiàceæ is distinguished from Hypericineæ in
the leaves being usually alternate, and in the seeds being fur-
ORDER XLI. GUTTI'FERÆ (from gutta, a drop, and fero, nished with albumen.
Order
11

GUTTIFERÆ. I. VERTICILLARIA.
615
2
Synopsis of the Genera.
12 STALA'GMITIS. Flowers dioecious (f. 104. e.) or herma-
phrodite (f. 104. c.). Sepals 4-5 (f. 104. a.), permanent, bract-
TRIBE I.
less. Petals 4-5 (f. 104. b.), deciduous. Male flowers with a
Clusie'£. Ovary
Æ
many-celled; cells 1 or many, ovulate. fleshy, 4-5-lobed receptacle, usually bearing many imperfect an-
Fruit capsular, dehiscent, many-celled.
thers (f. 104. c.). Stamens monadelphous, or disposed in 4-8
1 VERTICILLA'RIA. Sepals 2. Petals 4. Stamens numerous. bundles (f. 104. c.). Anthers didymous, bursting at the sides.
Style wanting. Stigma concave, 3-lobed. Capsule oblong, rather
Hermaphrodite flowers, with stamens disposed into 4-8 bundles
trigonal, 3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds solitary, oblong.
(f. 104. c.). Style short, crowned by a 3-5 (f. 104. e.) -8-lobed
2 CLU'SIA. Flowers dioecious. Sepals 4, bibracteate at
.
stigma. Fruit fleshy, 3-5-8-celled ; cells containing one arillate
the base. Petals 4-8. Stamens numerous; the male flowers
seed each.
free. .
Anthers bursting outwards. Stigmas 5-12, thick, sessile
,
TRIBE IV.
in the female flowers. Capsule 5-9-celled, 5-9-valved. Seeds
egg-shaped
CALOPHYLLIE'Æ. Ovary 1-2-celled; cells containing 1-2-
'
3 TovomI'TA. Sepals 2-4, bractless. Petals 4, rarely 6-10. ovulæ. Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent.
Stamens 20-30, free. Anthers obliquely adnate. Styles 4-5,
13 MESU'A. Sepals 4, bractless, permanent. Petals 4.
very short, each terminated by a stigma. Capsule 4-5-valved. Stamens filiform, numerous, connected at the very base. An-
4 ARRU'DEA. Calyx many-leaved, imbricate. Petals 9-10, thers fixed by their base, bursting at the sides. Ovary 2-celled ;
imbricate. Stamens numerous, closely connected. Anthers cells containing 2 ovulæ. Fruit 1-celled from abortion, 1-4-
opening by 2 pores at the apex. Style short, crowned by an
seeded. Seeds egg-shaped.
8-lobed stigma. Ovary 8-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded ?
14 CALOPHYÖLLUM. Sepals 2-4, bractless. Petals 4, rarely
5 HAVE'TIA. Flowers dioecious. Sepals 4, petals 4, both
2. Stamens definite or indefinite, short, free or connected at
orbicular. Anthers 4, alternating with the petals, immersed
the very base. Anthers fixed by their base, bursting inwards.
in the receptacle, 1-celled, 3-valved at the apex? Female flowers Style twisted, crowned by a capitate, usually lobed stigma.
unknown.
Fruit 1-celled, containing one globose or egg-shaped seed.
TRIBE II.
pt Genera allied to Guttíferæ, but are not sufficiently known.
Chrysople'£. Ovary many-celled ; cells containing many
CHRYSOPIE
15 MACA'NEA. Fruit baccate, large, pear-shaped, 1-celled,
ovulæ. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, many-celled.
6 Morono'bea. Calyx 5-parted, bractless. Petals 5. Stamens pulpy inside, 4-6-seeded. Seeds fixed laterally to the receptacle,
ovate, coriaceous, imbedded in the pulp.
15-20, joined into a tube, which is deeply 5-cleft. Anthers ad-
16 SINGA'NA. Calyx 3-5-parted. Petals 3-5, unguiculate,
nate to the tube, bursting outwards. Stigmas 5, nearly sessile.
with a serrulated limb. Stamens numerous. Anthers roundish.
Ovary 5-celled; cells containing 5 ovulæ.
Style incurved, crowned by a concave, capitate stigma. Cap-
7 ChrysoʻPIA. Sepals 5, bractless. Petals 5, inserted on the
sule long, cylindrical, 1-celled, many-seeded, Seeds large, en-
outside of the disk. Stamens joined into a thick urceolus at the
wrapped in pulp, fixed to the receptacle.
base, profoundly 5-6-cleft at the apex. Style 5-cleft at the apex. .
17 MacO'UBEA. Fruit the shape of an orange, rather com-
Fruit fleshy, 5-celled.
pressed, 1-celled, many-seeded. Seeds oblong, arillate, fixed to
TRIBE III.
the parietes of the fruit.
Tribe I.
GARCINIEÆ. Ovary many-celled ; cells containing 1 ovule.
.
Fruit fleshy (f. 104. f.), indehiscent, many-celled.
CLUSIE'Æ. Ovary many-celled ; cells 1 or many, ovulate.
8 MAMME'A. Sepals 2, deciduous, bractless. Petals 4-6, de- Fruit capsular, dehiscent, many-celled.
ciduous. Stamens free, or a little connected at the very base.
I. VERTICILLA'RIA (from verticillum, a whorl; the branches
Anthers bursting at the sides. Style short, crowned by a 4-
are disposed in a regular whorl at the top of the tree). Ruiz
lobed stigma; lobes emarginate. Fruit fleshy, 2-3-4-celled, with
et Pav. syst. fl. per. p. 140. Chlorómyrum, Pers. ench. 1.
a large thick seed in each cell.
LIN. Syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 2 coloured
9 Pentade'sma. Sepals 3-4, permanent. Petals deciduous. sepals. Petals 4,
PENTADE'SMA
sepals. Petals 4. Stamens numerous; filaments filiform ; an-
Stamens numerous, collected into 5 bundles. Fruit fleshy,
thers ovate. Style none. Stigma concave, 3-lobed. Ovary
3-5-celled ; cells containing each a large, angular, thick seed.
oblong, somewhat 3-lobed. Capsule oblong, rather trigonal, 3-
,
celled, 3-valved; valves corky. Seeds solitary, oblong.–A
10 RHEE'DEA. Calyx wanting? Petals 4.
Stamens nume-
tree with oblong, acuminated, entire leaves and slender branches.
rous. Style 1, crowned by a funnel-shaped stigma. Fruit fleshy, 1 V. PERUVIA'NUM. . S. Native of Peru. Chlorómyrum
3-seeded.
verticillatum, Pers. ench. 1. p. 73. Ruiz et Pav, fl. per. p. 18.
11 GARCI'NIA. Sepals 4, bractless, permanent. Petals 4,
t. 15. f. 4.
Peruvian Verticillaria. Tree.
deciduous. Stamens 12-20, free. Anthers bursting outwards.
Style short, crowned by a 4-8-lobed stigma. Fruit fleshy, 4-8-
Cult. This tree will thrive well in light loam mixed with a
little peat; and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-
celled ; cells each containing one large, thick seed.
a
.
p. 73.
-
a
glass, in heat.

616
GUTTIFERÆ. II. CLUSIA.
II. CLU'SIA (in honour of Charles de le Cluse or Clusius, 4 C. VENOSA (Lin. spec. 1495.) calyx 4-leaved ; corolla 4-
of Artois, an acute botanist, and author of Historia Plantarum petalled, white; stamens numerous; stigmas 5; leaves obo-
and many other works; died in 1609). Lin. gen. no. 1154. vate, obtuse, veiny. n. S. Native of Martinico on moist
ħ
Juss. gen. p. 256. D. C. prod. 1. p. 558.-—Quapoya, Aubl. mountains.-Plum. amer. t. 87. f. 2. Leaves serrated, of a
.
guian. Xanthe, Willd.
shining brown beneath. Young branches downy. Flowers in
LIN. SYST. Polygàmia, Dioècia. Calyx of 4 imbricate, loose spikes at the ends of the shoots. This tree is called in
coloured, permanent sepals, outer ones smallest, usually bibrac- Martinico Paletwoier de montagne.
teate at the base. Corolla of 4-6 deciduous petals. Stamens Veiny-leaved Balsam-tree. Clt. 1733. Tree 30 feet.
numerous in the male flowers, rarely definite, free, in the female 5 C. PEDICELLA'TA (Forst. A. aus, no. 390.) calyx 4-leaved ;
flowers few and sterile, connected at the base. Style wanting. corolla 4-petalled, yellow ? leaves obovate-oblong, veiny; cymes
Stigmas 5-12, radiately-peltate, sessile, permanent. Flowers axillary. h.S. Native of New Caledonia.
usually polygamous, and in the female flowers the ovary is sur- Pedicelled-flowered Balsam-tree. Fl. Sept. Tree 14 feet.
rounded by a short staminiferous nectary. Capsule fleshy, coria- 6 C. Criu'ya (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 317. t. 65.) leaves
ceous, 5-12-celled, 5-12-valved, opening from the top to the base, stalked, obovate, or obovate-lanceolate, veiny, white beneath ;
with a disse piment in the middle of each valve. Placenta thick, flowers terminal, sub-corymbose, 5-petalled. h.s. Native of
triangular, central. Seeds egg-shaped, enwrapped in pulp, sus- Brazil in the province of St. Paul, where it is called Criuva by
pended from the inner angle of the cells. Embryo straight, the natives. Ovary 5-celled. Stigma 5-lobed. Flowers white.
inverted. Cotyledons separable.-Trees and shrubs, usually
Criuva Balsam-tree. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
parasitical, abounding in viscid juice, with large, coriaceous, op- 7 C. GAUDICHAU'DI (Chois. mss. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 317.)
posite leaves, and usually tetragonal stems. The genera Quapoya leaves stalked, obovate, or subelliptic, nearly veinless; flowers
and Clusia are so similar in habit, the internal fabric of the terminal, cymose, 5-petalled. h.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers
flowers and fruit are too little known, and the number and form whitish. Stigma 5-lobed.
of the stamens of too slight a character to separate them.
Gaudichaud's Balsam-tree. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
8 C. RETUSA (Poir. dict. 5. p. 183.) calyx of 8 unequal
sepals ; corolla 6-petalled ; stigmas very numerous ; capsules
§ 1. Clusia (see Genus). Stamens numerous.
globular ; leaves obovate, retuse, veiny. h. S.
h. S. Native of
South America. Lam. ill. t. 852.
1 C. RO'SEA (Lin. spec. 1495.) flowers polygamous; calyx Retuse-leaved Balsam-tree. Tree.
5-6-leaved, rose-coloured ; tops of dense nectaries awl-shaped ; 9 C. NEMORÒSA (Meyer, prim. esseq. p. 203.) flowers poly-
stigmas 8-12, leaves obovate, obtuse, veinless, sometimes emar- gamous ; calyx 6-8-leaved; corolla 4-petalled, white, but purple
ginate, on short, striated petioles. Þ. S. Native of Carolina, within ; sterile stamens awl-shaped, intermixed with others;
St. Domingo, and many other parts of America within the tropics. stigmas 5; leaves oblong-obovate, acute, approximate, veiny.
Jacq. amer. 270. pict. 131. Catesb. car. t. 99. A parasite on h.s. Native of Essequebo in the island Wacanama. Flowers
rocks and trees. Flowers large, beautiful rose-coloured in the white, purple within.
Brazilian plant, according to St. Hilaire the petals are red be- Grove Balsam-tree. Tree 20 feet.
neath the middle, and from the middle to the apex white. Fruit 10 C. PARVIFLÓRA (H. B. in Willd. spec. 4. p. 976.) corolla
large, opening in 8 parts, containing many scarlet glutinous white, 5-petalled, about equal in length with the calyx; leaves
seeds, like those of the Pomegranate.
The resin is used to obovate, obtuse, veinless. h.S. Native of South America in
cure sores in horses, and instead of tallow for boats.
the island of Margarita. This species is much smaller than
Rose-coloured-flowered Balsam-tree. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. C. álba in every part.
1692. Shrub 7 to 20 feet.
Small-flowered Balsam-tree. Tree 20 feet.
2 C. A’lba (Lin. spec. 1495.) flowers usually hermaphrodite ; 11 C. ELLIPTICA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 199.)
calyx many-leaved; corolla 5-8-petalled, white; tops of dense flowers white; calyx 4-sepalled ; stigmas 6; leaves sessile,
nectaries retuse, naked, or with 5-10 short stamens; stigmas elliptical, rounded at both ends ; peduncles 2-3-flowered. h.S.
5-6 ; leaves like those of the preceding, but not emarginate. Native of Peru on the Andes, near Loxa. Flowers white.
h. S. Native of South America. Jacq. amer. 271. t. 166. Elliptical-leaved Balsam-tree. Tree 12 to 24 feet.
pict. 131. t. 250. Plum. gen. 22. icon. 87. f. 1. Flowers 12 C. LANCEOLA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 318.) leaves stalked,
large, white, and inelegant. Fruit scarlet, 6-celled, 6-valved ; lanceolate, veiny ; flowers terminal, sub-corymbose, 6-8-pe-
seeds involved in scarlet pulp; the birds are very fond of them, talled. h: S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Petals
and when the capsules burst open, hang over them on the wing, white ? veiny.
and pluck out the seeds with the pulp adhering. The tree is
Lanceolate-leaved Clusia. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
parasitic, and very common in the woods of Martinico, where it 13 C. MULTIFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
is called Aralie. The Caribbees use the tenacious balsamic 200.) calyx 4-sepalled; corolla 5-petalled, a little longer than
juice, which is of a greenish colour, but becoming of a brownish the calyx ; stigmas 5 ; leaves sessile, obovate, rounded at the
red on being exposed to the air, for painting their boats.
apex ; peduncles many-flowered. H.S. Native on the Andes
White-flowered Balsamic-tree. Clt. 1752. Tree 30 feet. about Quindiu. Flowers white ?
3 C. FLA'VA (Lin. spec. 1495.) flowers polygamous ; calyx Many-flowered Balsam-tree. Tree.
many-leaved; corolla 4-petalled, yellow; stamens numerous, 14 Č. VOLU'BILIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 200.)
short ; stigmas about 12; leaves as in both the preceding. stigmas 6; stem twining ; leaves stalked, elliptical, blunt at
h. S. Native of Jamaica and many of the other West India both ends, thick, coriaceous. . . S. Native, growing along
islands, on the lower hills, delighting in a dry soil. Jacq. amer. with the preceding species. Flowers white ?
272. t. 167. pict. 132. t. 251. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 91. t. 200. Twining Balsam-tree. Shrub tw.
f. 1. Flowers yellow. The resinous juice is sometimes used 15 C. SE'ssilis (Forst. prod. 391.) flowers axillary, solitary,
among the negroes in Jamaica as a vulnerary; it has no extra- almost sessile, 4-petalled ; leaves obovate and elliptical. h.S.
ordinary smell or pungent taste.
Native of the island of Togatabu in the South Seas.
Yellow-flowered Balsam-tree. Clt. 1759. Tree 15 feet.
Sessile-flowered Balsam-tree. Tree.
p

GUTTIFERÆ, II, CLUSIA. III. TovomITA. IV. ARRUDE A.
617
§ 2. Quapoya (Quapoy is the Caribbean name of C. Qua- Vand. t. 8. f. 6. Mariálva Guianensis, Chois mss. D. C. prod.
poya). Stamens definite, 5 or 6.
1. p. 560.
560. Mart. fl. bras, 2. p. 84.
84. Flowers with green petals
and white anthers, dioecious.
16 C. QUAPÒYA (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p, 559.) flowers
,
Guiana Tovomita. Tree 10 feet.
dioecious, stalked ; calyx of 5 or 6 sepals; corolla of 5 or 6
3 T. FRUCTIPE'NDULA; sepals 2 ; petals 4 ; stamens in one
;
yellow petals ; nectary short, 4-5-lobed; stigmas 5; fruit glo- series ; capsule crowned by 4 distinct styles ; leaves oblong,
bose; leaves obovate, acute. h.v. S. Native of Guiana in
acutely and sharply acuminated, 3 inches long; peduncles fili-
the woods. Quapoya scandens, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 898. t. 343.
form, axillary, and terminal, 2-3-flowered, elongated ; pedicels
C. microcarpa, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 5. Xánthe, Schreb. A climb-
ing shrub with yellow flowers
, when broke or cut yields a white caplaya and of Cayenne. Beauharnoisia
, Ruiz et Pav. ann. mus.
jointed. N.S. Native of Peru in groves on the Andes at Chi-
a
transparent juice. It is called Quapoy in Guiana. Panicle ter-
.
11. p. 71. f. 9. Mariálva fructipendula, Chois. mss. D. C. prod.
minal, diffuse, dichotomous.
1. p. 560. Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 85. Flowers yellowish, dioe-
Quapoy Balsam-tree. Shrub cl.
17 C. PA'NA-PANA'ri (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 559.) styles. When cut transversely, it yields a quantity of yellow
cious ? Fruit turbinate, pendulous, crowned by the permanent
flowers dioecious, almost sessile ; fruit oblong; leaves ovate-
resinous viscid juice, which is also observed in the calyx and
oblong, acute, small. h. v. S. Native of Guiana in woods,
anthers. The bark is used by the inhabitants of Chicoplaya
Quapòya Pána-panàri, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 901. t. 344. C. ma-
in Peru to dye lint of a reddish-purple colour ; they also use it
crocarpa, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 599. Xánthe parviflòra, Willd.
as a medicine.
Panicle terminal, trichotomous. Flowers yellow, like those of
Pendulous-fruited Tovomita. Fl. Jan. Feb. Tree 18 feet.
the preceding. This climbing shrub is called Pana-panari in
4 T. UNIFLÓRA (Chois. mss.
Guiana. When cut it yields a yellow juice.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 560. under
the name of Mariálva,) leaves lanceolate, bluntish ; peduncles
Pana-panari Balsam-tree. Shrub cl.
18 C. acumina'ta (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 599.) leaves roundish, axillary, 1-flowered, scarcely half an inch long. h.s. Native
of Guiana. Flowers yellowish, dioecious ?
tapering abruptly to both ends, ending in a spiny point, veiny
One-flowered Tovomita. Tree 20 feet.
beneath ; flowers axillary, on short peduncles. ħ. S. Native
5 T. PANICULA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 315.) leaves oblong-
of Porto-Rico on the higher mountains. A climbing shrub with
lanceolate, toothed; flowers panicled ; calyx 4-leaved.
h.s.
white? flowers.
Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Petals green.
Acuminated-leaved Balsam-tree. Shrub cl. .
Panicled-flowered Tovomita. Shrub 6 feet.
A species hardly known.
6 T. BRASILIE'NSIS (Mart. nov. gen. 1. p. 83. t. 167. under
Mariálva,) leaves broad-lanceolate, acute at both ends, smooth ;
19 C.? SESSILIFLÓRA (Poir. dict. 5. p. 183.) leaves obovate, peduncles in pairs, 1-flowered ; petals obtuse. n. S. Native
somewhat veined; flowers sessile, clustered. n. S. Native of of Brazil. Flowers white but at length reddish. Capsule crowned
Madagascar,
by distinct styles.
Sessile-flowered Balsam-tree. Tree,
Brazilian Tovomita. Tree 20 feet.
Cult. All the species of this genus grow well in light sandy 7 T. CLUSIÆFÒLIA ; sepals 2; petals 8-10; flowers dioecious;
soil, and the pots will require to be well drained with potsherds.
stamens numerous, in many series; fruit crowned by a 6-toothed,
Cuttings root freely in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
peltate stigma; leaves oblong, acute, smooth ; peduncles race-
his. Native of Cayenne. Clusia longifòlia, Rich.
.
III. TOVOMITA (Tovomite is the Caribbean name of T. act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1. p. 113. Micranthèra clusiæfòlia, Chois.
.
Guianensis). Aubl. guian. 2. p. 956.—Mariálva, Vand. in Roem. in mem. hist. nat. par. 1. p. 11-12. Flowers yellow, dioecious.
.
script. bras. p. 118.-Beauharnoisia, Ruiz, et Pav. ann. mus.
Clusia-leaved Tovomita. Clt. 1823. Tree.
11. p.71.-Ochrocarpus, Pet. Th. gen. nov. mad. p. 15.-Mi-
p -
—
Cult. These fine trees will thrive in a mixture of loam, peat,
cranthèra, Chois. mem. hist. nat. par. 1. t. 11 and 12.
and sand, and ripened cuttings will root freely in sand under a
LIN. Syst. Polyándria, Tetra-Pentagynia. Calyx bractless, hand-glass, in heat.
of 2-4 sepals. Petals 4, rarely 6-10.
Petals 4, rarely 6-10. Stamens 20-15, free, in
many series ; filaments thick ; anthers small, at the top of the IV. ARRU'DEA (in honour of Manoel Arruda da Camara,
filaments
, obliquely adnate. Styles 4-5, very short or wanting, M.D., who has written on Brazilian plants). Cambess. in mem.
each terminated by a thick stigma, Capsule crowned by the mus. 16. p. 421. St. Hil. fl. bras. p. 319.
.
permanent styles and stigmas, 4-5-celled, 4-5-valved ; cells 1- LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx of many imbri-
seeded ; seeds enwrapped in pulp. Embryo thick, with a small cate unequal sepals, outer ones smallest. Petals 9-10, imbricate.
radicle.—Trees, rarely shrubs. Leaves lined or full of pellucid Stamens numerous, inserted in the conical receptacle, closely
dots. Flowers racemose, rarely cymose, axillary and terminal, connected together into a compact mass; anthers adnate, 2-
dioecious, polygamous and hermaphrodite.
celled, bursting at the top by 2 pores. Style short, crowned by
1 T. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS ; calyx of 2 sepals; stamens in 3 an 8-lobed stigma, the lobes of which are distinct and wedge-
series, connected at the very base ; stigma 4-6-lobed, sessile; shaped. Ovary immersed in the fleshy receptacle, 8-celled ;
,
leaves coriaceous, approximate, sometimes 3 in a whorl ; pedun- cells 1 or 2-seeded. A small tree with quite entire stalked
cles few-flowered, axillary. n. S.
Native of Madagascar. leaves, and with solitary polygamous flowers, at the tops of the
Ochrocarpus Madagascariensis, Pet. Th. gen. mad. p. 15. Flowers
p. 15. Flowers branches.
white ? hermaphrodite.
1 A. CLUSIOÌDES (Cambess, in St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 319. t.
Madagascar Tovomita. Tree 30 feet.
66.) ñ. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes.
2 T. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 956. t. 364.) sepals 2;
Leaves obovate or elliptic, veiny. Petals of a pale-red colour.
petals 4; stamens in 1 series ; style short, crowned by 4 sessile Stigma yellow.
stigmas ; leaves ovate-oblong, bluntly acuminated, somewhat
Clusia-like Arrudea. Tree 15 feet.
stem-clasping, coriaceous, 4-5 inches long, white beneath ; pe- Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit this tree ; and ripened
duncles corymbose, dichotomous, thick, terminal ; pedicels cuttings will strike root if planted in sand with a band-glass
jointed; petals acutish. h. S. Native of Guiana and Brazil. placed over them, in heat.
4 K
mose.
-
-
a
VOL.I.PART. VII.

618
GUTTIFERÆ. V. Havetia. VI. MORONOBEA. VII. Chrysopia. VIII. MAMMEA.
p. 978.
a
a
a
V. HAVETIA (in honour of M. Havet, a young botanical sometimes 5-lobed. Stamens connected at the base into a thick
collector, who was sent to the island of Madagascar to collect urceolus, fixed to the inner side of the disk, 5-cleft at the top;
plants, where he died). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. each segment bearing 3-5 adnate linear anthers, bursting length-
p. 204. t. 462.
wise. Style short, 5-furrowed, 5-cleft at the apex, each segment
Lin. syst. Dioècia, Tetrándria. Male flowers. Calyx of furnished with a peculiar kind of stigma on the inside; segments
4 orbicular, concave sepals, 2 outer ones smaller. Petals 4, spreading. Fruit fleshy, 5-celled.
Fruit fleshy, 5-celled. Seeds ovate, oblong. Cells
orbicular, concave, equal. Receptacle fleshy, orbicular, convex.
,
of ovary 5-10-ovulate.
Trees with terminal, few-flowered
Anthers 4, alternating with the petals, and immersed in the disk, corymbs or umbels of hermaphrodite flowers.
1-celled, 3-valved at the apex. Female flowers unknown.—A i C. MICROPHY'LLA (Hils. et Bojer. ex Cambess. mem. mus.
tree abounding in yellow, clammy juice, with opposite branches, 16. p. 423. t. 4.) leaves spatulate, small; flowers umbellate ;
,
p
and quite entire obovate leaves, and terminal bractless panicles disk nearly entire. ħ. S. Native of Madagascar. Flowers
of flowers. Flowers at the tops of the branches, twin, nearly white.
sessile.
Small-leaved Chrysopia. Tree 40 feet.
1 H. LAURIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.). h.s. Native on 2 C. FASCICULATA (Pet. Th. 1. c.) leaves spatulate, coriaceous;
the Andes about Popayan. Clusia tetrándria, Willd. spec. 4. flowers in corymbs ; disk 5-cleft. n. S. Native of Madagas-
car.
Branches umbellately crowded at the apex. Flowers
Laurel-leaved Havetia. Tree.
purple. There is an oil expressed from the seeds.
Cult. This tree will grow well in a mixture of loam and peat, Fascicled-flowered Chrysopia. Tree 60 feet.
and ripened cuttings will root in sand or mould under a hand- Cult. These beautiful trees will thrive in a mixture of sandy
glass, in heat.
loam mixed with a little peat; and ripe cuttings, not deprived
Tribe II.
of their leaves, will root readily in sand under a hand-glass, in
a moist heat.
CHRYSOPIEÆ. Ovary many-celled; cells containing many
Tribe III.
ovulæ. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, many-celled.
VI. MORONO'BEA (Moronobo or Coronobo is the Carib- GARCINIE. Ovary many-celled; cells containing i
bean name of M. coccinea). Aubl. guian. 2. p. 788. t. 313.-
oyulæ. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, many-celled.
Symphònia, Lin. fil. suppl. p. 302.
VIII. MAMMEA (Mamey, its vernacular name in South
LIN. Syst. Polyadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx 5-parted, bract- America). Lin. gen. 1156. Juss.
gen.
257.
less, imbricate. Petals 5, alternating with the calycine lobes. Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx bractless, of
Stamens 15-20, joined into a tube at the base, which is deeply 2 deciduous sepals. Petals 4-6, deciduous. Stamens numerous,
5-cleft at the apex; bearing the anthers on the outside, 3 or 4 free, or connected at the very base, deciduous ; filaments short ;
on each segment, they are linear, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise anthers adnate, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise at the sides. Style
behind. Stigmas 5, nearly sessile. Ovary 5-celled ; cells con- short, crowned by a 4-lobed stigma; lobes emarginate. Fruit
taining 5 ovulæ. Fruit fleshy.-Trees with corymbose flowers, crowned by the permanent base of the style, fleshy, 4-celled or
rarely solitary, terminal and axillary, hermaphrodite.
2-3-celled from abortion ; cells 1-seeded. Seeds large, thick.
1 M. cocci'NEA (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 789. t. 313.) bud of flower Trees with leaves full of pellucid dots. Flowers usually solitary,
globose ; style very short ; leaves oblong, acute at both ends, male or hermaphrodite in different plants.
with an incurved point, coriaceous, without dots. ħ.S. Native 1 M. AMERICA'NA (Lin. spec. 731.) leaves obovate, very
of Guiana in moist woods and on mountains. Symphònia globu- blunt, quite entire; fruit very large, containing usually 4 large
lífera, Lin. fil. suppl. 302. Perhaps Symphònia esculenta, Arrud. seeds. h.S. Native of the Caribbean Islands and the neigh-
is not distinct from this. A lofty tree. Leaves approximating bouring continent.
bouring continent. Jacq. amer. 268. t. 181. f. 82. pict. 130.
at the ends of the branchlets, smooth, glaucous. Flowers about t. 248.—Plum. gen. 44. t. 170.-Sloan. jam. 2. p. 123. t. 217.
the size of those of Thèa, red, axillary, solitary, or in terminal, f. 3. A tall handsome tree with a thick, elegant, spreading
few-flowered corymbs. The coriaceous rind of the fruit covers head. It has a long downright tap root, which renders it very
the painted seeds, which are covered with a deep yellow mucous difficult to transplant. The leaves are oval or obovate, shining,
substance interposed between them. The resinous juice which leathery, opposite, from 5 to 8 inches in length. Peduncles 1-
flows from all parts of the tree when cut, is used by the Creoles flowered, short, scattered over the stouter branches. The flowers
to tar their boats and ropes, and they also make flambeaus of it are sweet-scented, white, an inch and a half in diameter ; calyx
mixed with other resins of the country. It is also used by the sometimes 3-sepalled ; corolla sometimes 6-petalled; but this
Caribbees to attach the iron and the poison to their arrows. arises from 2 of the segments or petals being cut.
Fruit large,
Scarlet-flowered Moronobea. Tree 40 feet.
round, obsoletely 3 or 4-cornered, about the size of a cannon
2 M. GRANDIFLÓRA (Chois. in mem. hist. nat. p. 1. D. C. ball; it is covered with a double rind, the outer leathery, a line
prod. 1. p. 563.) bud of flowers conical-ovate ; style very long ;
1
in thickness, tough, brownish-yellow, the inner thin, yellow,
flowers larger in all parts than in M. coccinea ; leaves elliptical- adhering closely to the flesh, which is firm, bright-yellow, has a
lanceolate.K.S. Native of Guiana. Flowers red.
singular pleasant taste, and a sweet, aromatic smell, but the skin
Great-flowered Moronobea. Tree.
and seeds are very bitter and resinous. It is eaten alone, or cut
Cult. These fine trees will grow in a mixture of loam and into slices with wine and sugar, or preserved in sugar. In Marti-
peat; and well-ripened cuttings will root in sand, under a hand- nico they distil the flowers with spirit, and make a liquor which
glass, in a moist heat.
they call Eau-Creole. The English and Spaniards call the
fruit Mammee ; and the French Abricot sauvage, from the yel-
VII. CHRYSO'PIA (from xpugos, chrysos, gold, and OTUS, lowness of the pulp, like that of the apricot. Swartz remarks
opys, juice ; trees yielding yellow juice when cut). Pet. Th.
gen.
that the trees which bear hermaphrodite flowers are very lofty,
mad. no. 48.
but that the male trees are much smaller. Browne gives the
LIN. SYST. Polyadélphia, Polyandria. Calyx bractless, of hermaphrodite and male trees as distinct species. He informs
5 sepals, imbricate. Petals 5, inserted on the outside of the us that they are among the largest trees in the Island of Ja-
disk. Disk urceolate at the base, sometimes entire at the
apex, maica, abound with a strong resinous gum, and are esteemed
-
a
1

GUTTIFERÆ. VIII. MAMMEA. IX. PENTADESMA. X. RHEEDIA. XI. GARCINIA.
619
LINSYST
a
among the best timber" trees; that the fruit is large and agree- gen. 641. Juss. gen. p. 258. D. C. prod. 1. p. 564.- Van
able, but too strong and gross for a weakly stomach, leaving Rhéedia, Plum. gen. 45.
a bitterness behind it, that continues for a considerable time Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx none. Petals
upon the palate, containing 4 large, oblong, angular seeds, 4. Stamens numerous, with oblong anthers. Style 1. Stigma
having as many kernels of the same shape.
funnel-shaped. Berry ovate, 1-celled. Seeds 2-3, ovate-oblong,
American Mammee-apple. Clt. 1739. Tree 60 feet. fleshy, thick, imbedded in the pulp.-Tree with opposite, blunt,
2 M. EMARGINA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined. stalked leaves.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 561.) leaves obovate, very blunt, emarginate, 1 R. LATERIFLORA (Lin. spec. 719.). h.S. Native of Mar-
at the apex; fruit globose, 2-seeded. h.s. Native of Mexico. tinico.-Burm. amer. t. 257. Leaves large, oblong; peduncles
Fruit like that of the preceding, but smaller, eatable. Flowers axillary, 3-flowered.
whitish.
Lateral-flowered Rheedia. Tree.
Emarginate-leaved Mammee-apple. Tree 40 feet.
2 R. JAVA'NICA (Hort. kew. Loud. hort. brit. p. 214.). ħ.s.
3 M. HU’MILIS (Vahl. ecl. 2. p. 40.) leaves acute; peduncles Native of Java. Leaves large, obovate, blunt.
longer than the petioles ; berry 3-seeded. h. S. Native of Java Rheedia. Clt. 1820. Tree.
Montserrat. Fruit eatable ?
Cult. These fine broad-leaved trees will thrive well in a
Dwarf Mammee-apple. Tree.
mixture of loam, peat, and sand; and ripened cuttings will root
4 M. AFRICA'NA (Hort. trans. lond. vol. 5. p. 457.) leaves in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
oblong, acuminated; fruit large, round. h. S. Native of
Sierra Leone on the mountains. A large tree, with long, shining, XI. GARCI'NIA (in honour of Laurence Garcin, M.D. a
dark-green leaves, abounding in a yellow resinous gum. The French botanist, and traveller in India, author of numerous bo-
wood is applied to many useful purposes. The fruit is twice tanical memoirs). Lin. gen. 594. Juss. gen. 256.-Garcínia and
the size of a man's fist, the rind is brown and thick, the pulp is Cambogia, Lin. and Juss.- Mangostàna, Gært. Garcínia species,
yellow, of equal excellence to that of the American Mammee-apple. Chois. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 566.
p
African Mammee-apple. Tree 60 feet.
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx bractless, of 4 per-
Cult. Mammèa is a genus of fine fruit-trees. They will manent sepals. Petals 4, deciduous. Stamens 12-20, free, de-
grow freely in sandy loam, or a mixture of loam and peat; ripe ciduous ; filaments short; anthers adnate, 2-celled, bursting
cuttings, with the leaves not shortened, will root in sand under a lengthwise behind. Style short, crowned by a 4-8-lobed stigma.
hand-glass, in a moist heat. They all require a strong heat to Fruit fleshy, 4-8-celled; cells 1-seeded, crowned by the perma-
thrive well.
nent stigmas.--Trees with hermaphrodite or monoecious flowers,
usually solitary at the tops of the branches.
IX. PENTADE'SMA (from mevta, pente, five, and deopin,
1 G. MANGOSTA'NA (Lin. spec. 635.) leaves elliptic-oblong,
desme, a bundle ; in allusion to the stamens being disposed in acuminated ; flowers terminal, solitary; corolla red; stigma 6-
5 bundles). Hort, trans. lond. vol. 5. p.
8-lobed ; berry very beautiful and eatable; pericarp spongy.
LIN. SYST.
Polyadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx of 4 to 5 his. Native of the Molucca Islands, whence it has been trans-
permanent sepals. Petals deciduous. Stamens numerous, con- planted to Java and Malacca.--Plench. icon. t. 360.-Rumph.
nected into 5 bundles. Style 1. Berry large, fleshy, crowned amb. 1. p. 132. t. 43.–Garc. phil. trans. vol. 38. p. 232. abr. 8.
by the rudiment of the style. Seeds 3-5, large, angular.-A p. 755. t. 8. Mangostàna Garcínia, Gært. fruct. 2. t. 105. The
lofty tree, abounding in yellow greasy juice, with long, lan- Mangostan rises with an upright stem near 20 feet high, sending
ceolate, coriaceous leaves.
out many branches on each side, which are opposite. The trunk
1 P. BUTYRA CEA (Hort. trans. lond. vol. 5. p. 457.). Þ.S. is full of cracks. The leaves are entire, about 7 or 8 inches
Native of Sierra Leone in the low lands. This tree grows to long, and about half as much in breadth at the middle, gradually
the height of 40 or 60 feet, but produces its flowers when 20 tapering to both ends, of a shining green above, but of an olive
feet high. The leaves are entire, lanceolate, coriaceous, smooth, colour beneath. The flower resembles a single rose, composed
shining. The fruit is about the size of the common Mammee- of 4 roundish petals, which are thick at the base, but thinner to-
apple, inversely pear-shaped, being pointed at the apex, it con- wards the margins; they are of a dark-red colour. The fruit
tains from 3-5 large, angular, brown seeds; the rind is rough, is round, about the size of a middling orange, and is crowned by
coarse, and of a dark brown colour. The yellow greasy juice, the broad peltate-lobed stigma; the rind is like that of the po-
from which the tree derives its vernacular name, is given out megranate, but softer, thicker, and fuller of juice; it is green at
copiously when the fruit is cut or opened ; it is mixed by the first, but changes to a dark-brown, with some yellowish spots;
natives of Sierra Leone with their food, but it is not used by the inside is of a rose-colour, and is divided into several cells
the settlers on account of a strong turpentine flavour which by their partitions, as in oranges, in which the seeds are lodged,
belongs to it; we believe that the juice is that which the country surrounded by a soft juicy pulp, of a delicious flavour, partaking
butter brought to the market of Freetown is made of. The of the strawberry and the grape, and is esteemed one of the
flowers are very large and shewy, and probably reddish. richest fruits in the world. The trees naturally grow in the form
Butter and Tallow-tree. Fl. Jan. Clt. 1822. Tree 60 feet. of a parabole, and the branches being well garnished with large
Cult. The tree is extremely difficult to transplant, on ac- shining green leaves, they have an elegant appearance, and
count of the long tap root, which, if broken or cut, will kill it. afford a kindly shade in hot countries, therefore are worthy of
The root must have sufficient depth of mould to enable it to cultivation in all those countries where there is warmth enough
descend or the plant will not live. It requires a strong moist
to ripen the fruit.
heat to flourish well. A mixture of loam and peat suits it best, It is esteemed the most delicious of the East Indian fruits,
and ripened cuttings, with their leaves not shortened, will pro- and a great deal of it may be eaten without any inconvenience ;
bably root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
it is the only fruit which sick people are allowed to eat without
scruple. It is given with safety almost in every disorder, and
X. RHEE'DIA (in honour of Henry Rheede Van Draaken-
it is said that the late Dr. Solander, in the last stage of a putrid
stein, once governor of a Dutch establishment on the coast of fever at Batavia, found himself insensibly recovering by sucking
Malabar ; author of Hortus Malabaricus in 10 vols. folio). Lin. this delicious and refreshing fruit. The pulp has a most happy
a
a
a
4 к2

620
GUTTIFERÆ. XI. GARCINIA. XII. STALAGMITIS.
a
mixture of the tart and sweet, and is no less salutary than plea- lemon-colour. It is used medicinally in the east, as a purgative,
sant, for which reason in hot climates, with the sweet orange, it hydrogogue, and emetic, particularly in dropsies and worm cases.
is given in any quantity to those who are afflicted with fevers, It is said to lose the latter quality when dissolved in vinegar.
either of the putrid or inflammatory kind. The dried bark is The principal use of gamboge is in painting in miniature and
used with success in dysentery and tenesmus, and an infu- water-colours. The fruit is eaten at meals in the East Indies,
sion of it is esteemed a good gargle for a sore mouth, or ulcers and being much esteemed for provoking the appetite, is a fre-
in the throat. The Chinese dyers use the bark for the ground quent ingredient in their sauces. The name Cambogia is derived
or basis of a black colour, in order to fix it the firmer. Man- from the province of Camboja or Cambodge, because it comes
gostama or Magostana is the Malay name of the tree.
from that country,
Mangostan Garcinia. Clt. 1789. Tree 20 feet.
Gamboge Garcinia. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1822. Tree 40 feet.
2 G. CO'RNEA (Lin. syst. 368.) leaves oblong-elliptic, emar- Cult. The species of this interesting genus deserve to be
ginate; flowers solitary and umbellate, lateral and terminal, cultivated in every collection of stove plants. A light loamy soil,
drooping ; stigma entire ; berry the form of a plum. Þ.s. mixed with a little peat, will suit them well. Ripened cuttings
Native of the East Indies in the high remote mountains of Am- will root readily in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. All the
boyna.--Rumph. amb. 3. p. 55. t. 30. The trunk of this tree is species require a strong heat to thrive well.
very lofty, but not very thick ; it is covered with a black bark.
XII. STALAGMITIS (from otağw, stazo, to run out; be-
The branches extend wide, and divide into many short branches, ,
cause the trees exude a yellow resinous juice when cut). Murr.
which have a pair of leaves at each joint; these are large, from
comm. goet. 9. p. 175.—Xanthochymus, Roxb. cor. 2. p. 51.-
-
11 to 15 inches long, and 4 broad, but on old trees shorter,
.
smooth, firm, and shining. The flower rises between the upper
Brindònia, Pet. Th. dict. scien. nat. 5. p. 339.
LIN. Syst. Polyadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx bractless, of 4-5
leaves, drooping, having the form of a small rose, of a yellow
colour. Fruit the size of a plum, crowned by the entire stigma,
(f. 104. a.) permanent, unequal sepals. Petals 4-5 (f. 104. b.),
deciduous. Male flower with a fleshy, 4-5-8-lobed receptacle,
which appears like a wart.
like a wart. It is of a dusky-brown or smoky bearing numerous imperfect anthers. Stamens monadelphous or
colour on the outside, and within it has a mucous pulp, in which
disposed in 4-5-8 (f. 104. c.) bundles. Anthers didymous, small,
lie a few seeds in the shape of a half moon. It has a resinous
smell when fresh. The wood is heavy and very hard, like horn,
2-celled, bursting at the sides, with a small rudiment of a pistil.
Hermaphrodite flowers with a receptacle, as in the male flowers
whence Rumphius names it lignum corneum ; it is used for the
handles of tools, and the young trees in building, the old ones
(f. 104.c.), and the stamens disposed in 4-5 (f. 104. c.) -8 bundles.
being too hard to work.
Style short, crowned by a 4-5 (f. 104. e.) -8-lobed stigma.
Fruit crowned by the permanent stigma, fleshy (f. 104. f.), 3-
Horny-wooded Garcinia. Clt. 1817. Tree 30 to 40 feet.
3 G. More'LLA (Desrous. in Lam. dict. 3. p. 701.) leaves
8-celled; cells 1-seeded. Seeds large, thick.Trees with axil-
oblong-elliptic, tapering to both ends ; panicles terminal and lary or lateral, usually fascicled or umbellate flowers, rarely race-
mose, male or hermaphrodite in the same, or in different in-
lateral; berry small, 4-celled, striated, crowned by a 4.-lobed
dividuals. Branches tetragonal.
stigma. Þ.S. Native of the East Indies? Mangostàna Mo-
rélla, Gært. fruct. 2. p. 106. t. 105. Flowers yellowish. Fruit
Sect. I. XANTHOCHY'MUS (Eavdos, xanthos, yellow, and
yellow, and xumos,
small, eatable. The name is derived from the morella cherry, chymos, juice). Flowers hermaphrodite. Stamens disposed in 5
in allusion to the size and shape of the fruit. Gamboge is also
bundles.
obtained from this tree.
1 S. PICTÒRIUS (Roxb. cor. 2.
FIG. 104.
Morella Garcinia. Tree.
p. 51. t. 196. under Xanthochy-
4 G. PEDUNCULA'TA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.) leaves obovate- mus,) leaves lanceolate, acuminat-
oblong, rounded at the apex, with strong transverse veins; racemes ed; petioles wrinkled; fruit 1-4-
terminal and axillary; pedicels long; flowers large. h.S. Na- seeded. h. S. Native of the
tive of the East Indies.
East Indies in valleys among the
Long-peduncled Garcinia. Tree 40 feet.
Circar mountains. X. tinctòrius,
5 G. CAMBOGIA (Desr. in Lam. dict. 3. p.701.) leaves elliptic, D. C. prod. 1. p. 562. This is a
tapering to both ends ; flowers terminal, solitary; corollas yel- large tree, with rather large, white
lowish ; stigma 8-lobed; berry 8-furrowed. ħ.S. Native of flowers, and yellow fruit, like those
Malabar and other parts of the East Indies.-Rheed. mal. 1. p. of the orange; they are very in-
41. t. 42. Mangostàna Cambogia, Gært. fruct. 2. p. 106. t. 105. viting to the eye, and not inferior
Cambogia Gútta, Lin. spec. 728. Blackw, t. 392. Cambògia, to many apples, and are eaten by
Lewis, mat. med. 289. This is a tall tree, with a trunk as thick the natives. They could be much
as two men can compass, with spreading, opposite branches. ameliorated by culture. The fruit
The leaves are 5 inches long, and half that in breadth. The when full grown, but not ripe,
flowers, according to Rheede, are axillary and sessile, of a saf- yields a quantity of yellow, resinous,
fron colour. Fruit about 2 inches in diameter, drooping, on acrid gum like gamboge, of the
peduncles an inch in length; the rind is thin, smooth, and yel-
consistence of rich cream. It makes a pretty good water-colour,
lowish; the pulp is yellow, succulent, sweet, and eatable. Ac- either by itself as a yeilow, or in mixture with other colours to
cording to Rheede, the fruit is first green, then yellowish, and form green. It is imperfectly soluble in spirits, and still less so
when ripe whitish. It is very common about Siam and Cam- in water; alkaline salt enables the water to dissolve more of the
bodia, where incisions are made in the bark, and a great quan- gum.
tity of gummi-guttæ or gamboge is extracted, and exported into Painters' Stalagmitis. Tree 40 feet.
foreign countries. This concrete is a gum-resin, in part in- 2 S. DU’LCIS (Řoxb. cor. 3. t. 270. under Xanthochymus,)
flammable, compact, dry, inclining to orange-colour, without leaves ovate-oblong, lanceolate, acuminated; pedicels numerous,
smell, and almost without taste, producing, however, a slight aggregate, lateral; fruit 5-seeded. h. s. Native of the Mo-
sensation of acrimony in the throat. A greater quantity of it is luccas. Fruit sweet and esculent. Stamens in 5 bundles.
dissolved in spirits of wine than in water, to which it imparts a Sweet-fruited Stalagmitis. Clt. 1820. Tree,
DID
-
.

GUTTIFERÆ. XII. STALAGMITIS. XIII. Mesua.
621
.
.
-
+
3 S. OVALIFÒLIUS (Roxb. hort. beng. 42. under Xanthochy- Garcinia,) leaves ovate, acuminated ; flowers terminal, male
mus,) branches angular ; leaves oval or oblong, rounded at both ones 4-5, crowded, hermaphrodite ones solitary, on short pe-
ends; flowers small, aggregate, in clusters; pedicels short; duncles; berry globose, 5-6-celled. h. S. Native of the
fruit 3-seeded. Þ.S. Native of Ceylon.
East Indies. Brindònia l’ndica, Pet. Th. dict. scien. nat. 5. p.
Oval-leaved Stalagmitis. Clt. 1820. Tree.
.
339. Fruit probably eatable.
4 S. GUINEE'NSIS (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 320.) leaves Indian Stalagmitis. Tree.
oval, tapering to both ends; fruit ? h. S. Native of Sierra 10 S. Còwa (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42. under Garcinia,)
Leone on the mountains. Branches square.
leaves ovate, acuminated ; branches round ; male flowers lateral,
Guinea Stalagmitis. Clt. 1824. Tree 20 feet.
4-5 together, hermaphrodite ones solitary, terminal, on short
5 S. CAMBOGIOI'DES (Murr. comm. goett. 9. p. 175.) stamens peduncles; stigma entire, rugged, 6-furrowed; berry ovate-
30, disposed in 5 bundles; stigmas 3-4; berry globose, 3-4- globose. h.S. Native of the East Indies, where it is called
seeded; leaves ovate acute. ħ.S. Native of Ceylon and Cam- Kuwa. G. dioica, Smith in Rees' cyclop. vol. 15. Flowers
boja. This tree yields a quantity of yellow resin, which is used yellowish.
by painters as gamboge, and is scarcely distinguishable from it. Kuwa Stalagmitis. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 feet. .
Gamboge-like Stalagmitis. Tree 30 feet.
11 S. PANICULA'TA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42. under Garcinià,)
stamens many, polyadelphous; leaves elliptical, tapering to the
SECT. II. BRINDÒNIA. Flowers dioecious or hermaphrodite. base; flowers terminal, panicled. h. S. Native of the East
Stamens of the male flowers connected in one bundle; those of Indies.
the hermaphrodite flowers connected in several bundles.
Panicled-flowered Stalagmitis. Tree 40 feet.
6 S. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 561. un-
p
12 S. UMBELLA'TA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42. under Garcinia,)
der Garcínia,) leaves ovate-oblong, acutish; branches tetragonal; leaves oblong, obtuse at both ends; peduncles lateral, umbel-
flowers lateral, crowded, on very short peduncles, whitish; berry lately many-flowered ; corolla 4-5-lobed ; calyx 4-5-toothed.
the form of a pear; stigma 6-lobed. ñ.s. Native of the East ħ. S. Native of the East Indies. This is certainly a distinct
Indies, China, and Cochin-china. G. Amboinensis, Spreng. syst. genus, on account of the calyx and corolla being monapetalous.
2. p. 448.-Rumph. amb. 3. p. 58. t. 32. Oxycarpus Cochin- Stamens not seen.
chinensis, Lour. A. coch. 648. This is a large tree, with tetra- Umbellate-flowered Stalagmitis. Tree 40 feet.
gonal branches. The leaves are 7-8 inches long, and about 3 or
of Species not sufficiently known.
4 inches broad, very smooth and thick. Flowers small, whitish.
Fruit about the size of a plum, usually in the shape of a pear,
13 S. LUTEUS ; Lodd. cat. 14. S. macrophyllus, Lodd. cat.
of a reddish colour when ripe; the pulp is juicy, and smells
both under Xanthochyjmus.
somewhat like an apple, and is eatable in a raw state; it is Species only known by name from Roxb. hort, beng. p. 42,
acid, as well as every other part of the tree. The bark of the under the
genus Garcinia
.
tree is brownish, and yellow within, containing a quantity of yel-
low, viscid juice, which flows copiously on the least incision being
S. Kydiàna, S. purpurea, S. Gútta, S. lanceæfòlia, S. Boobi-
cowa.
made. This juice possesses the same quality as that of Garcinia
Cambogia. The wood is of little use, being too soft, and not
Cult. These fine trees will thrive well in a turfy loam, mixed
durable. The leaves are used in Amboyna as a condiment to
with a little peat, but require a strong heat to flourish well.
fish. The tree is very common in Amboyna in the plains about Ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist
heat.
the shore and on the mountains.
Tribe IV.
Cochin-china Stalagmitis. Tree 40 feet.
7 S. ELLIPTICA (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 561. under CALOPHYLLIEÆ. Ovary 1-2-celled; cells containing
Garcinia,) branches tetragonal; leaves elliptical, ovate, veiny,
1-2-ovulæ. Fruit drupaceous,
Fruit drupaceous, indehiscent.
acute, large, of a shining-green colour, with black dots; flowers XIII. MESU'A (in honour of Mesue, the father and son,
lateral, in fascicles, small, on short peduncles; stamens con- two celebrated Arabian physicians and botanists, who resided
nected in 5 bundles ; female flowers unknown. h. S. Na- at Damascus, and flourished in the 8th and 9th centuries.
tive of the islands of Timor and Java. Perhaps this tree is suf- The works of the younger Mesue, both medical and botanical,
ficiently distinct from S. Cochinchinénsis. Bark yielding a quan- were published in folio with annotations at Venice in 1581.)
tity of yellow, thick juice, as the rest of the species. Fruit Lin. gen. no. 665. Juss. gen. 258. Cambess. in mem, mus. 16.
bably eatable.
p. 426. t. 11. B.
Elliptical-leaved Stalagmitis. Tree.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx bractless, of 4
,
8 S, CELE'BICA (Lin. spec. 635. under Garcínia,) leaves unequal sepals, permanent. Petals 4. Stamens indefinite, con-
ovate-lanceolate, acute; branchlets tetragonal ; flowers ter- nected at the base ; filaments filiform ; anthers inserted by the
minal, umbellate, on very short peduncles ; stigma 8-lobed ; base, erect, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise at the sides. Style
berry globose. ñ . S. Native of the Island of Macassar, short, crowned by a thick, concave stigma. Ovary 2-celled;
whence it has been transplanted into Amboyna and Java, cells containing 2 erect ovulæ. Fruit drupaceous, globose or
where, however, it seldom bears ripe fruit. Mangostàna Ce- egg-shaped, 1-celled from abortion, 1-4-seeded.
-
lébica, Rumph. amb. 1. p. 134. t. 44. Brindònia Celébica, shaped. Trees with axillary, solitary, hermaphrodite flowers.
Pet. Th. dict. scien. nat. 5. p. 339. This is not a lofty tree,
1 M. FE'RREA (Lin. spec. 734.) leaves elliptical-lanceolate,
but it has an elegant spreading head. The leaves are thick, 8 acute, glaucous beneath ; flowers stalked, axillary; petals some-
inches long, and about 3 fingers broad, but are larger in younger what unguiculate, regular; mature nut 1-seeded from abortion.
trees. The fruit resembles
that of the common Mangostan, but h. S. Native of Java and other parts of the East Indies.
sometimes grows to a larger size; it is of a yellowish-red or Calophyllum Nagassàrium, Burm. ind. 121.-Rumph. amb. 7.
saffron colour, like the pomegranate, crowned by the 8-lobed p. 3. t. 2. Flowers white, about the size of those of the sweet-
stigma, which is hollow above, and broader there than at its origin. briar, sweet-scented. Fruit rufous and wrinkled, containing 1
Celebes Stalagmitis. Tree 20 feet.
seed, which is eatable. This tree is much cultivated in Java and
9. S. I'NDICA (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 561. under Amboyna for the beauty and scent of its flowers.
a
Fruit pro-
Seeds egg-
-

622
GUTTIFERÆ. XIII. Mesía. XIV. CALOPHYLLUM.
-
a
Iron-wooded Mesua. Fl. July, Aug. Tree 40 feet.
or oblong-lanceolate, obtusely acuminated; racemes axillary,
2 M. SPECIÒSA (Chois. mss. D.C. prod. 1. p. 562.) leaves short, corymbose, 2-3 together. h.s. Native of the East
linear-lanceolate, rather acute, long; flowers hardly stalked ; Indies.
petals rounded, regular; mature nut 4-seeded. h.s. Native Four-petalled Calophyllum. Tree 60 feet.
of the East Indies. Rheed. mal. 3. p. 63. t. 53. Rheede says 4 TACAMAHA'ca (Willd. berl. mag. 1811. p. 79.) leaves ovate-
this tree is much cultivated in Malabar for the odour and beauty elliptical, acutish, rarely emarginate ; branches round; flowers
of its flowers ; they are about the size and shape of those of loosely racemose ; racemes axillary; peduncles 1-flowered,
the sweet-brier, but with only 4 white petals; when dry they usually opposite.
usually opposite. . S. Native of the islands of Bourbon and
are mixed with other aromatics, such as the white sandal- Madagascar. C. inophyllum, Lam. dict. 1. p. 552.- Pluk. alm.
wood, and used for perfuming ointment. The fruit is reddish, 41. t. 147. f. 3. Flowers white.
and wrinkled when ripe, with a rind like that of the chesnut, Tacamahaca Calophyllum. Clt. 1822. Tree 60 feet.
containing 3 or 4 seeds the size, shape, substance and taste of the 5 C. SPECTA'BILE (Willd. mag. berl. 1811. p. 99.) leaves
chesnut. The tree bears fruit in 6 years from the nut, and elliptical-lanceolate or rarely ovate-elliptical, usually acute at
continues to bear during three centuries. It is planted near both ends; flowers in loose, short, axillary racemes; peduncles
houses, and affords an excellent shade. The bark, wood, and 1-flowered. h. S. Native of the East Indies and the Mauri-
roots are bitter, and sweet-scented.
tius. C. acuminatum, Lam. dict. 1. p. 553.-Rumph. amb. 2.
Shewy-flowered Mesua. Fl. July, Aug. Tree 50 feet. p. 218. t. 72. C. Soulàtri, Burm. ind. p. 121. Petals yellow or
Cult. These trees bear very shewy flowers; they are there- white. This tree is very commonly cultivated in Amboyna for
fore worth cultivating in every collection of stove plants. They its shewy, yellow blossoms. The nuts are eatable. The bark
will thrive in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened is manufactured into ropes. In fact, it possesses all the qualities
cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. of C. inophyllum.
Shewy Calophyllum. Clt. 1820. Tree 90 feet.
XIV. CALOPHY'LLUM (from kalos, calos, beautiful, and
$ 2. Calyx of 2 sepals.
Pullov, phyllon, a leaf; the leaves are large, of a beautiful green, 6 C. CA'LABA (Jacq. amer. p. 269. t. 165.) leaves obovate or
and elegantly veined). Lin. gen. no. 658. Juss. gen. p. 258. D. C. oblong, obtuse or emarginate ; flowers hermaphrodite or male ;
prod. 1. p. 562. Cambess. in mem. mus. 16. p. 427. t. 11. C. racemes lateral, very short. h.s. Native of the Caribbee Islands.
LIN. SYST. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx bractless, of 2-4, Flowers white, sweet-scented. Fruit green, with little pulp,
unequal, coloured sepals. Petals 4, rarely 2, opposite the sepals. and that hardish, involving a smooth, yellowish, ash-coloured
Stamens indefinite, rarely definite, free or connected at the base ; nut, in which is a white, solid kernel. It is not eaten, but the
filaments short; anthers inserted by their base, 2-celled, burst- Caribbees express an oil from it for domestic uses, as for burn-
ing lengthwise. Style twisted, crowned by a large, capitate ing in lamps. Browne says, that the wood is pretty good tim-
stigma, which is usually lobed. Fruit drupaceous, globose or ber, but does not bear the weather well, and that it is frequently
egg-shaped, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seeds large, globose or egg- used for staves and cask headings. The tree is called Calaba
shaped. - Trees with the leaves furnished with numerous trans- both by the Caribbees and the French.
verse, parallel nerves. Flowers disposed in axillary racemes, Calaba Calophyllum. Clt. 1780. Tree 60 feet.
and panicles polygamous or hermaphrodite.
7 C. MADRU'NNO (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 202.)
leaves oblong, acute at both ends; peduncles few-flowered;
§ 1. Calyx of 4 sepals.
capsules large, usually 2-seeded. ñ . S. Native of South
1 C. PARVIFÒLIUM (Chois. in act. soc. nat. par. 1. p. 229.) America in the kingdom of New Granada, where it is called
p
Madrunno.
leaves cordate-ovate, bluntish, on short stalks, smooth, veined;
branches twisted ; panicles loose, few-flowered. h.S. Native
Madrunno Calophyllum. Tree.
8 C. CALABOI'DES ; leaves wedge-shaped, præmorsely-emar-
of the Moluccas.
Small-leaved Calophyllum. Tree.
ginate; racemes axillary, about the length of the leaves ; sepals
2 C. INoPHY'LLUM (Lin, spec. 732.) leaves oblong or obovate,
2. ñ.S. Native of the East Indies. C. Cálaba, Roxb. but
obtuse, but usually emarginate ; branches round; flowers loosely
not of Jacq.
racemose ; racemes axillary ; peduncles 1-flowered, usually op-
Calaba-like Calophyllum Tree 50 feet.
posite. h.S. Native of the East Indies.—Rumph. amb. 2.
9 C. BRASILIE'NSE (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 320. t. 67.) leaves
p. 211. t. 71.--Rheede, mal. 4. p. 79. t. 38.-Burm, zeyl. t. 130.
elliptic or obovate; cymes shorter than the leaves ; calyx 2-
t. 60.--This is a large tree, with snow-white flowers. Fruit
leaved ; petals usually 2; stamens few. ħ.S. Native of Brazil.
Petals white.
when ripe reddish, the size of a walnut, under a fleshy bark and
a woody shell, having a very oily nut, which is bitter, and yields
Brazilian Calophyllum. Tree 60 feet.
a yellow resinous juice. It is a tree about 90 feet in height, and
§ 3. Calyx wanting ?
12 in thickness, with the younger branches when ripe of a red- 10 C. SPURIUM (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 563.) leaves
dish colour, and when wounded exudes a yellowish, bitter juice,
ovate, obtuse; peduncles elongated. n. S. Native of the
frequently hardening to a gum. The nut of the fruit is at first
East Indies. C. Calaba, Lin. spec. 723. C. apétalum, Willd.
sweet, but afterwards very bitter. The tree is common in
mag. berl. 1811. p. 79.-Rheed. mal. 4. p. 81. t. 39. Rheede
Malabar in sandy soils, and bears fruit twice a year, in March
says the wood of this tree is very hard and of a reddish colour.
and September, frequently to the age of three hundred years. The fruit when ripe is of a red colour ; in taste sweet, mixed
An oil is expressed from the nuts to burn in lamps, to assuage with acid ; in shape, size, and colour, not unlike our cornelian
pain, and to make ointments. The bark and gum are also used cherry. It is eaten by the natives of Malabar, and an oil is ex-
for medical purposes. In Java they plant this tree about their pressed from it for lamps. The petals are yellow.
houses for the elegance of the shade, and the sweetness of the
Spurious Calophyllum. Clt. 1780.
Clt. 1780. Tree 60 feet.
flowers.
Fibrous-leaved Calophyllum. Clt. 1793. Tree 90 feet.
* Species very little known.
mpo
3 C. TETRAPE'TALUM (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 93.) leaves ovate 11 C. LONGIFÒLIUM (Willd. berl. mag. 1811. p. 80.) leaves
h.s.
-
-

GUTTIFERÆ. XV. MACANEA. XVI, SINGANA. XVII. MACOUBEA. MARCGRAVIACEÆ.
.
623
oblong-elliptical, roundish-obtuse. h. S. Native of South what curved, convex above, furrowed beneath, covered with
America. (H. B.)
a white membrane, fixed to the central placenta of the fruit.-
Long-leaved Calophyllum. Tree.
Tree abounding in a milky juice. Branches opposite. Leaves
12 C. ACUMINATUM (Willd. mag. berl. 1811. p. 80.) leaves opposite, entire, with secondary transverse nerves. Fruit in
oblong, acuminated.
h. S. Native of South America in New racemes, from the divarication of the branches.
Granada. (H. B.)
1 M. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. suppl. 2. p. 17. t. 378.)
Acuminate-leaved Calophyllum. Tree.
ħ.S. Native of Guiana. Leaves ovate, acute, smooth, entire,
13 C. Cu’ssi (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 5. p. 203.) leaves standing on half-stem-clasping petioles. Fruit rough, rufescent,
oblong, blunt at both ends. H.S. Native of South America with a few irregular dots.
in inundated places at St. Balthasar, where it is called Cussi. Guiana Macoubea. Tree 40 feet.
Cussi Calophyllum. Tree.
Cult. This tree will thrive well in a mixture of loam and
+ Species only known by name from Roxb. Hortus Bengalensis, moist heat.
and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in a
a
peat,
p. 41 and 93.
-
14 C. LANCEOLA'RIUM (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 41.) h.s. Na- ORDER XLII. MARCGRAVIACEÆ (plants agreeing with
tive of the Mauritius.
Marcgràvia in important characters). Juss. in ann. mus. 14.
15 C. BI'NTAGOR (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 43.) h.s. Native
p. 397. D. C. prod. 1. p. 565.
of the Moluccas.
16 C. SU'RIGA (Roxb.) K.S. Native of Malacca.
Calyx of 2-7 sepals ; sepals ovate, usually coriaceous, imbri-
Cult. Calophyllum is a genus of fine trees, which
grow
well cate. Corolla hypogynous, sometimes monopetalous, hood-
in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat; and cuttings will root formed, entire, or jagged at the apex, sometimes 5-petalled, after
,
freely, taken from ripe wood, in sand under a hand-glass, in a flowering circumscised and caducous. Stamens definite but
moist heat.
usually numerous, sometimes inserted in the receptacle, sometimes
☆ Genera allied to Guttiferæ, but not sufficiently known.
in a hypogynous membrane; filaments dilated at the base ;
anthers elongated, 2-celled, fixed by the base, bursting on the
XV. MACA'NEA (Macaca-hana is the name of this tree in inside. Ovary 1, free, usually furrowed. Style 1, of various
Guiana). Juss. gen. p. 257. D. C. prod. 1. p. 564. Maca-
lengths, crowned by a simple or capitate stigma. Capsule cori-
hànea, Aubl. guian. suppl. p. 6.
LIN. SYST.
,
Polyándria, Monogynia ? Berry large, pear-
aceous, commonly globose, many-valved, hardly dehiscent, with
shaped, gibbous and unequal on the outside, with a thick rind, a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Dissepiment in
1-celled, pulpy inside, 4-6-seeded. Seeds fixed laterally to the
Seeds fixed laterally to the Marcgràvia slender, arched, joined at the base and
apex,
distant
receptacle, ovate, coriaceous, enwrapped in a membrane, and from the centre, and the fruit is therefore 1-celled. Seeds very
imbedded in white pulp.
minute, numerous, imbedded in pulp. Embryo unknown.
1 M. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. suppl. p. 6. t. 371.) H.S.
Native of Guiana. A rambling shrub, with climbing branches, Usually ascendant shrubs with alternate leaves. Flowers um-
,
opposite, ovate, acute, smooth, toothed, stalked leaves, and axil- bellate or spicate. Peduncles naked, but usually furnished with
lary racemes of flowers.
bracteas, which are either simple, concave on the outside, or
Guiana Macaca-hana. Shrub climbing.
hood-formed. This order is distinguished from Guttiferæ in the
Cult. This fine climbing shrub will thrive in a mixture of
leaves being alternate, and by the singular form of the bracteas
loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a
hand-glass, in a moist heat.
of the flowers ; in this last respect it differs also from Ternstre -
miàceæ.
XVI. SINGA'NA (Singan-singa is the name of the tree in
Synopsis of the Genera.
Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 574. Juss. gen. p. 257. D. C. SUBORDER I. MARCGRAVIE'£. Corolla hood-formed. Sta-
prod. 1. p. 564.
mens inserted in the receptacle.
Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 3-5-parted.
1 ANTHOLO'MA. Calyx of 4 caducous sepals, rarely 2. Co-
Petals 3-5, unguiculate, with a serrulated border. Stamens nume-
rous ; anthers roundish. Style 1, incurved at the apex. Stigma
;
rolla ovate, cylindrical, with a crenate-toothed margin.
capitate, concave. Capsule long, cylindrical, 1-celled, many-
2 MARCGRA'VIA. Calyx permanent, 6-parted. Corolla co-
seeded. Seeds large, enwrapped in a pulp. Tree climbing.
nical, entire.
1 S. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. p. 257. t. 230.) h. u. S.
Native of Guiana in the woods. Leaves opposite, ovate, acute,
SUBORDER II. NORA'NTEÆ. Corolla of 5 petals. Stamens
stalked, smooth, entire. Flowers white, in axillary corymbs. pressed to the corolla, and appear as if they were inserted in it.
Pulp of fruit sweet.
3 NORA'NTEA. Calyx 5-7-parted. Corolla with reflexed
Guiana Singana. Shrub climbing.
Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of loam and
petals. Stamens numerous, in one series.
peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass,
4 RU'YSCHIA. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. The
in a moist heat.
rest as in Norántea.
Suborder I.
XVII. MACOU’BEA (the Caribbean name of the tree).
MARCGRAVIE'Æ plants agreeing with Marcgràvia in
Aubl. guian. suppl. 2. p. 17. Juss. gen. p. 257. D. C. prod. 1. important characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 565. Corolla in the
shape of a hood. Stamens inserted in the receptacle.
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia ? Fruit the form of an I. ANTHOLOMA (from avdos, anthos, a flower, and Awja,
Orange, somewhat compressed and trigonal
, with a thin, roughish, loma, a fringe ; in allusion to the fringed or crenulated limb of
a
rather dotted rind, 1.celled, many-seeded. Seeds oblong, some- corolla). Labill. nov. holl. 2. p. 121.
121. D. C. prod. 1. p.
565.
LIN. SYST.
.
a
p. 564.

624
MARCGRAVIACEÆ. I. ANTHOLOMA. II. MARCGRAVIA. III. NORANTEA.
-
a
LIN. Syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4, rarely of
2, ovate, caducous sepals. Corolla ovately cylindrical, with a
Suborder II.
crenate, rather toothed margin. Stamens about 100, inserted in
a spongy disk; anthers oblong, bursting at the apex. Ovary NORA'NTEÆ (plants agreeing with Norántea in the corolla
bluntly 4-sided. Style long, crowned by an acute stigma. being of 5 petals). D. C. prod. 1.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 566. Corolla of 5 petals.
Unripe fruit 4-celled, and probably capsular-A tree, with ellip- Stamens pressed to the corolla and appearing as if they were
tical-oblong, coriaceous, stalked leaves, which are scattered at inserted on it.
the top of the branchlets, Racemes of flowers axillary, some- III. NORA'NTEA (altered from the Caribbean name of N.
what umbellate, reflexed, with naked peduncles.
Guianénsis, Gonora-antegri)Aubl. guian. 1. p. 554. Juss.
1 A. MONTA'NA (Labill. voy, t. 41.), ħ. G. Native of New
gen. p. 245. D. C. prod. 1. p. 566.-A'scyum, Vahl. Willd.
Caledonia. Flowers white ?
Lin. syst. Polyúndria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, round-
.
Mountain Antholoma. Clt. 1810. Tree 20 feet.
ed, coriaceous. Petals 5, free, reflexed. Stamens few or nume-
Cult. This fine tree will thrive best in a light loamy soil, rous, small, disposed in a simple or double series, adhering to
mixed with a little peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand the bottom of the petals. Filaments flat. Anthers fixed by
under a hand-glass.
the back. Ovary free, conical, furrowed, 3-5-celled; cells
many-seeded. Seeds fixed to the central axis. Style nearly
wanting. Stigma capitate or acute. Trees or shrubs, rarely
II. MARCGRA'VIA (in honour of George Marcgrave, who climbing or rooting, excepting those species, natives of Guiana.
was born at Leipstadt in Germany; he published a Natural Leaves scattered, jointed, entire, exstipulate. Flowers disposed
History of Brazil in 1718, wherein many singular plants are in terminal racemes or spikes. Pedicels jointed at the base,
mentioned). Plum. amer. 29. Lin. gen. 640. Juss. gen. 244. furnished with 3 bracteas each, lower one sack-formed or cu-
D. C. prod. 1. p. 566.
cullate, stalked, the 2 upper ones small, usually guarding the
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 6-parted, per- calyx, and therefore appear as if they were sepals.
manent, ovate-roundish, coriaceous, imbricate, unequal. Corolla i N. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 554. t. 220.) spikes of
coriaceous, conical, entire at the apex. Stamens in 1 row, in- flowers long; flowers nearly sessile; bracteas large, bladdery,
serted in a little membrane which surrounds the ovary; anthers or cucullate ; anthers numerous, very minute, scarcely exserted;
;
oblong, bursting lengthwise. Style almost wanting. Stigma leaves oblong, blunt, emarginate. ħis. Native of Guiana and
thick, permanent. Capsule coriaceous, baccate, somewhat glo- Trinidad in woody mountains. A'scyum violaceum, Vahl. ecl.
bose. --Shrubs commonly with ascending stems, as in the ivy, with p. 41. A beautiful shrub, with oblong, mucronate, coriaceous
the flower-bearing branches pendulous. Leaves alternate. Pe- leaves. Branches red, throwing out roots by which it supports
duncles furnished with pitcher-shaped bracteas. Flowers white ? itself on the trees which it grows near.
Flowers of a violet
1 M. UMBELLA'TA (Lin. spec. 503.) leaves sessile, ovate- colour, with scarlet bracteas.
elliptical, acute, hardly veined, those on the sterile branches Guiana Norantea. Clt. 1818. Shrub rooting on trees.
ovate, blunt; peduncles umbellate, usually tubercled and fur- 2 N. BRASILIE'NSIS (Chois. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 566.
566. St.
nished with spoon-shaped bracteas. h. s. Native of the Ca- Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 311.) leaves obovate, stalked ; flowers race-
ribbee Islands and South America in cool, wooded mountains. mose, on long peduncles ; bracteas about one-half the size of
Jacq. amer. p. 156. t. 96. ed. pict. 77. t. 143. Plum. gen. 7. t. those of the preceding plant; anthers ovate, emarginate at the
173. f. 1. Lam. ill. t. 447.-Browne, jam. 244. t. 26.-Sloan. base, with scarlet bracteas; petals green in the middle but
jam. 1. p. 74. t. 28. f. 1. This is a shrubby, creeping plant, white on the margins. h. S. Native of Brazil. Habit of the
but not properly parasitical, at first it is radicant, but as it preceding species.
advances in age it becomes shrubby, but adhering still by its Brazilian Norantea. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet.
fibres to the trunks of trees. Leaves distich. The seeds and 3 N. ADAME'NTUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 313. t. 62.) leaves
pulp are usually of a shining-scarlet colour.
obovate, nearly sessile ; flowers racemose, on long pedicels ;
Ūmbellate-flowered Marcgravia. Clt. 1792. Shrub rooting, anthers ovate, emarginate at the base. h.s. Native of Brazil
attached to trees.
in the province of Minas Geraes near Tejuco, in the district of
2 C. CORIA'CEA (Vahl. eccl. 2. p. 39.) leaves elliptical, co- the Diamonds. Petals green marked with red.
riaceous, veinless; pedicels in whorles to the number of 17 or Adamant Norantea. Shrub 6 feet.
18, spreading much, tubercled; ovary depressed, globose; 4 N. GOYASE'NSIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 313.) leaves ob-
stigma 6-cleft, convex, rayed. n. S. Native of Guiana in ovate, nearly sessile ; flowers racemose, on short pedicels; an-
woods. This shrub has the habit of the last.
thers subtrigonal, entire at the base. ñ.S.
h.S. Native of Brazil
Coriaceous-leaved Marcgravia. Clt. 1820. Shrub like the last. in the province of Goyaz near Villa Boa. Petals dark-purple.
3 M. SPICIFLORA (Juss. ann. mus. 14. p. 402. t. 25.) leaves Goyaz Norantea. Fl. July. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
ovate, obtuse, rarely acuminated; pedicels racemose, furnished 5 N. ANO'MALA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. t. 647. b.)
with simple bracteas; stigma 4-lobed. h. S. Native of flowers somewhat spiked, octandrous ; bracteas hemispherical,
Guiana and Guadaloupe on wooded mountains. Habit of ivy. helmet-shaped ; leaves oblong, obtuse, somewhat coriaceous,
Spiked-flowered Marcgravia. Shrub rooting like the rest. tapering to the base. h.S. Native of South America. A's-
4 M. PICTA (Willd. mag. berl. 1808. p. 172.) leaves of the cyum anómalum, Spreng. syst. app. p. 207. Flowers violet-
sterile branches elliptical, cordate, roundish, very blunt, about coloured. Habit of the preceding two species.
an inch long, dark-green above, and netted with white veins, Anomalous Norantea. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
but pale-green beneath (Willd.). h. S. Native of Brazil. 6 N. SELLòl; flowers racemose; bracteas almost sessile,
Shrub with the habit of ivy.
rather remote from the flower, roundish; leaves obovate-oblong,
Painted-leaved Marcgravia. Shrub rooting like the rest. retuse. h. S. Native of Brasil. A'scyum Sellòi, Spreng.
Cult. These singular shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of
syst. 2. p. 599.
turfy loam and peat, and cuttings will root in sand under a Sello's Norantea. Shrub 6 feet.
hand-glass, in heat. They are well adapted for covering the 7 N. BERTE'RII; flowers racemose ; bracteas sessile, approxi-
walls or rafters of stoves.
mating the flower, mucronated beneath ; leaves oblong, mucro-

MARCGRAVIACEÆ. III. NORANTEA. IV. RuyscHIA. HIPPOCRATEACEÆ.
625
.
nated, of a different colour beneath. h.s. Native of the West tandrous. h .s. Native of Peru. Marcgràvia pentándra, Ruiz
Indies. A'scyum Bertèrii, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 599.
et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 440.
Bertero's Norantea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
Pavon's Ruyschia. Shrub.
8 N. OBOVA'TA ; leaves nearly sessile, obovate, entire, termi-
3
Cult. These pretty radicant shrubs will thrive well in a mix-
nated by a small mucrone ; bracteas cucullate at the base, and ture of loam and vegetable mould, and ripened cuttings will root
bifid at the apex, equal in length to the pedicel; calyx one-half freely in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
shorter than the corolla. h.S. Native of Peru. Marcgràvia
Order XLIII. HIPPOCRATEA'CEÆ (plants agreeing
obovata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 437. Flowers large, disposed
in corymbose racemes.
with Hippocràtea in important characters). H. B. et Kunth,
Obovate-leaved Norantea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 135. D. C. prod. 1. p. 567.-Hippocra-
. .
9 N. CORDACHI'DA; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, acute, tíceæ, Juss. in ann. du, mus. 18. p. 486.
p
tapering to the base ; flowers disposed in long terminal racemes ;
Calyx of 5 (f. 105. a.), rarely of 4 or 6 sepals, small, and
pedicels 2 together, one of which is very short ; fruit obovate.
h. S. Native of Peru. Marcgràvia cordachìda, Ruiz et Pav. joined to the middle, permanent. Petals equal in number to the
f. per. 5. t. 438. A.
sepals (f. 105. b.), equal, somewhat imbricate in æstivation. Disk
Cordachida Norantea. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
occupying the bottom of the calyx, expanded between the petals
10 N. CACABIFERA ; leaves oblong or obovate-lanceolate, ob-
and the stamens. Stamens 3 (f. 105.c.), rarely 5 or 10; filaments
tuse, mucronate; racemes long; flowers 2 together, the one ses-
sile, the other pedicellate. K.s. Native of Peru. Marcgràvia Kunth) 1-celled, bursting transversely at the apex or 2-4 celled
free at the apex, dilated at the base (f. 105. c.). Anthers (ex
cacabífera. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 439.
t
Kettle-bearing Norantea. Shrub 6 feet.
at the base. Ovary hidden within the urceolus or staminiferous
11 N. MACROCA'RPA ; leaves obovate-oblong, mucronate, on tube, trigonal, free. Style 1, crowned by 1-3 stigmas. Fruit
short petioles ; flowers corymbose, terminal; pedicels long;
sometimes of 3 samara-like carpels, sometimes baccate, 1-3-cell-
petals reflexed; fruit large. h. S. Native of Peru. Marc-
gràvia macrocarpa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 436.
ed. Seeds in each cell usually numerous, fixed by pairs to the
Large-fruited Norantea. Shrub.
central axis, erect, exalbuminous, often solitary from abortion.
Cult. Norántea is a genus of beautiful and singular shrubs. Embryo straight, with an inferior radicle pointing to the base,
They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and cut- and flat, elliptic, oblong, fleshy cotyledons.-Arborescent or
tings will root readily in sand or mould under a hand-glass, in a
climbing shrubs, usually smooth, with opposite, entire, toothed,
moist heat.
feather-nerved, rather coriaceous, stipulate leaves, and axillary
IV. RU'YSCHIA (in honour of Frederick Ruysch, a Dutch corymbs or fascicles of small, inelegant flowers. According to
physician, who published Hortus Amsteladamensis, a posthumous Jussieu, this order is allied to Aceríneæ in the ternary number of
work of John Commelin; he died 1731). Jacq. amer. p. 75. the stamens. It differs from all the foregoing orders in the sin-
D. C. prod. 1. p. 566. Souróubea, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 244.
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Stamens 5, alternating gular form of the disk or urceolus, which is either separate from
5
with the petals; the rest as in the preceding genus.
the stamens or formed from the cohesion of the filaments.
1 R. SOURóUBEA (Willd. spec. 1116.) leaves obovate, obtuse,
Synopsis of the Genera.
on short petioles ; flowers in loose spikes ; peduncles elongated, 1 HIPPOCRATE'A. Petals foveate at the apex. Stamens 3 ;
.
with sessile bracteas, which approximate the calyx, each of which
anthers 1-celled, opening transversely at the apex. Carpels 3,
are furnished with 2 long auricles. h.S. Native of Guiana
in woods on the banks of the river Gallion. Souroubea Guia-
samara-like, or only 1-2 from abortion, 2-valved. Seeds winged
nénsis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 244. t. 97. Souróubea Aublètii, Meyr.
downwards.
esseq. prim. p. 119. Logània pentácrina, Scop. introd. gen. 1076. 2 RADDISIA. Calyx of 5 sepals. Ring girding the ovary on
A sarmentose shrub, with long, round, divaricating, flexile, ram- the outside of the stamens. Stamens 3; anthers 2-celled. Cap-
bling, rooting branches. Leaves alternate, acuminated at the
sule 3-celled; cells many-seeded.
base, but emarginate at the apex, with a mucrone in the middle,
smooth, fleshy. Racemes terminal, simple, long, many-flowered.
3 Sala CIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with a fleshy urceo-
Flowers alternate, somewhat remote from each other. Calyx lus between the petals and pistillum. Stamens 3; anthers adnate,
5-6-parted. Bracteas opposite, scarlet. Petals oblong, deci- 2-celled. Berry roundish, 3-celled, many-seeded.
duous, yellow. Filaments red; anthers brown. Stigma fleshy,
flat, 5-rayed. Souroubea is the Guiana name of the plant.
4 CALY'pso. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with the urceolus
Stamens 3; anthers
Souroubea Ruyschia. Shrub rambling, and rooting on trees.
expanded between the petals and stamens.
2 R. CLUSIÆFÒLIA (Jacq. amer. p. 75. t. 51. f. 2.) leaves
adnate, 2-celled. Berry usually l-celled from abortion, some-
obovate ; flowers densely spiked ; peduncles very short; brac-
;
times 3-celled; cells 1-seeded.
teas not cucullate, but concave on the outside. h.S. Na- 5 Jo'hnia. Anthers 3, seated on the top of the urceolus.
tive of Guiana and the Caribbee islands in moist woods. Jacq.
Fruit baccate, younger ones 3-celled, with 1 or 2 peltate ovulæ
amer. ed. pict. t. 76. This is a parasitical under-shrub. Leaves
alternate, thick, shining, about 4 inches long. Racemes ter-
in each cell, adult ones few-seeded.
minal, many-flowered, about a foot long; bracteas obovate, + Spurious Hippocrateàceæ, with stamens beyond 5.
acute, thick, deflexed, concavo-convex, scarlet, dotted with red. 6 TRIGO'NIA. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, arched at
Petals purple, deciduous. Filaments purple.
Filaments purple. Stigma 5-rayed.
Clusia-leaved Ruyschia. Clt. 1823. Shrub rooting on trees
the apex, 2 lateral ones wing-formed, 2 inferior ones connected
in the form of a keel. Stamens 10-12, fertile, irregularly con-
3 3 R. PAVONII; leaves obovate, mucronate, with revolute mar-
nected at the base. Capsule trigonal, 3-valved, 3-celled, woolly
gins; racemes terminal ; pedicels single, bracteate ; flowers pen- inside, containing many woolly seeds.
4 L
like ivy.
VOL. I. -PART VII.

626
HIPPOCRATEACEÆ. I. HIPPOCRATEA.
7 LACEPE'DEA. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, ungui- nicles axillary, somewhat dichotomous, brown-velvety; smaller
culate. Stamens 5; anthers 2-celled, bursting lengthwise. Ovary branches many-flowered ; leaves oval, with short points, obso-
h. S. Native of Guiana in woods by
3-celled. Stigma 3-parted. Berry tricuspidate from the styles, letely crenate-serrated.
the sea-side. Leaves rusty beneath.
6-9-seeded.
Two-coloured-leaved Hippocratea. Shrub 12 feet.
I. HIPPOCRATE'A (in honour of Hippocrates, the cele- 8 H. vI'RIDIS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 44. t. 74. f. a.) car-
brated physician; he is regarded as one of the fathers of botany). pels oval, emarginate ; corymbs dichotomous, shorter than the
Lin. gen. no. 54. D. C. prod. 1. p. 567.-Còa, Plum. gen. p. 8. leaves ; leaves ovate, bluntly acuminated, entire, and serrated.
t. 35.
h. . S. Native of Peru in groves on the Andes. Petals ob-
LIN. syst. Triandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted (f. 105. tuse, greenish.
a.). Petals 5 (f. 105. b.), inserted between the disk and the Green-flowered Hippocratea. Shrub cl.
-
.
calyx. Stamens 3 (f. 105.c.), inserted between the disk and the 9 H. ACUTITLÒRA (Moc. et Sesse, A. mex. icon. ined. D. C.
ovary, or on the top of the disk; filaments flat, dilated at the prod. 1. p. 568.) carpels obovate; corymbs dichotomous, shorter
base, free; anthers 1-celled, bursting transversely. Style short, than the leaves; petals acute; leaves oblong-oval, toothed. h.
with a continuous stigma. Ovary more or less immersed in ns. Native of Mexico. Petals greenish, acute, and
appear
the disk, 3-celled, each cell containing 2-6 ovulæ. Carpels 3, as if they were bifoveolate at the apex. Anthers 4-lobed. Stigma
or from abortion only 1 or 2, compressed, 1-celled, 2-valved; simple.
valves keeled. Seeds oblong, compressed, winged downwards.- Acute-flowered Hippocratea. Shrub cl.
Trees or climbing shrubs, with twisted branches, opposite, entire 10 H. CELASTROIDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
leaves, very deciduous stipulas, and small insignificant flowers, 136.) carpels roundish-ovate; corymbs dichotomous, smooth,
disposed in dichotomous, axillary panicles, with the branchlets one-half shorter than the leaves ; petals roundish-obtuse ; leaves
and pedicels furnished with bracteas.
lanceolate-oblong, each with an acute point. . n. S. Native
1 H. OBCORDA'TA (Lam. ill. 1. p. 100. t. 28. f. 1.) carpels ob- of Mexico near Venta del Estola. Flowers greenish-white.
cordate ; racemes corymbose, shorter than the leaves ; leaves Celastrus-like Hippocratea. Shrub cl.
ovate, lanceolate, serrated. h. v. S. Native of the Caribbee 11 H. ACAPULCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
Islands and New Spain. H. scándens, Jacq. amer. 9. t. 9. 136.) carpels obovate; peduncles dichotomous, many-flowered,
Petals ovate, obtuse, greenish-yellow.
smooth, about equal in length with the leaves ; petals ovate ;
Obcordate-carpelled Hippocratea. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1793. leaves obovate, oblong, each with a short point ; branches wart-
Shrub cl.
ed. h..S. Native of New Granada. Flowers greenish-white.
2 H. UNIFLORA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. Acapulca Hippocratea. Shrub cl.
prod. 1. p. 567.) carpels obcordate ; peduncles 1-flowered ; 12 H. VERRUCOSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
136.)
leaves oblong, cordate at the base and entire. h..s. Na- carpels obovate ; peduncles much branched, dichotomous, many-
tive of Mexico. Petals ovate, obtuse, greenish-white.
flowered, smooth, about equal in length with the leaves ; petals
One-flowered Hippocratea. Shrub cl.
• ovate ; leaves elliptical-oblong, acutish, remotely serrulated ;
3 H. OVA'ta (Lam. ill. 1. p. 100. t. 28. f. 2.) carpels ovate; branches warted. h. . S. Native of New Granada. Flowers
panicles axillary, somewhat dichotomous; leaves oblong-ovate greenish-white.
or elliptical-serrated. h. n. S. Native of St. Domingo. Warted-branched Hippocratea. Shrub cl.
Vahl. enum. 2. p. 27. H. volubilis, Lin. syst. 84.—Plum. ed. 13 H. MALPIGHIÆFÒLIA (Rudge, pl. guian. 10. t. 8.) carpels ?
Burm. 76. t. 88. but the carpels of this plant are rounder, and panicles axillary and terminal ; leaves narrow-oval, quite en-
the leaves are narrower.
tire, acuminated, rough beneath, as well as the branches. h.
Var.B,oblongifolia (D.C. prod. 1. p. 568.) leaves more oblong. S. Native of Guiana. Anthers 4-lobed.
h.n. S. Native of Porto-Rico.
Malpighia-leaved Hippocratea. Shrub cl.
Ovate-carpelled Hippocratea. Clt. 1793. Shrub cl.
14 H. COMÒSA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 77.) carpels oblong
4 H. LÆVIGA'TA (Rich. in Vahl. enum. 2. p. 27.) carpels ? ; or obovate; peduncles of panicles multifid, capillary; leaves
panicles axillary, somewhat dichotomous; pedicels 2 together, ovate, acuminated, quite entire, obtuse at the base or rather
1-flowered in the forks ; leaves ovate-oblong, obsoletely cre- cordate. h. n. S. Native of Hispaniola in the remote parts
nated. h. n. S. Native of Cayenne.
of woods. Carpels 2 or 3 inches long. Flowers white.
Smooth Hippocratea. Shrub cl.
Tufted Hippocratea. Shrub cl.
5 H. AFFI'NIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 103.) leaves elliptic, 15 H. EMARGINA'TA (Rudge, pl.
FIG. 105.
acutish, serrate-toothed, smooth; panicle clothed with rusty to- guian. p. 11. t. 9.) carpels ? pa-
mentum, usually crowned by a leaf; calyx pubescent, ciliated; nicles axillary, short, dichoto-
petals 4-times longer than the calyx, oblong, obtuse, clothed mous; leaves obovate, quite entire,
with rusty down on the outside, and bearded on the inside. h. emarginate ; stem rough, with mi-
s. Native of Brazil near to the town of St. Paul. A sarmen- nute warts. h. n. S. Native of
tose shrub.
Guiana. Anthers roundish. (f.105.)
Allied Hippocratea. Fl. Nov. Tree 30 to 40 feet, support- Emarginate-leaved Hippocratea.
ing itself on other trees.
Shrub cl.
6 H. MICRA'NTHA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 103.) leaves elliptic- 16 H. PANICULA'TA (Vahl. enum.
oblong, acuminated, very obsoletely serrate-toothed, smoothish; 2. p. 28.) carpels ? panicles axil-
panicle smooth, much branched, shorter than the leaves ; calyx lary, dichotomous, shorter than
smooth, denticulated; petals 3 times longer than the calyx, ellip- the leaves ; leaves oblong, acute
tic-oblong, obtuse, smooth. N. v. S. Native of Brazil in the at both ends, bluntly serrated. ħ.
province of St. Paul in woods near Registro Velho. Petals yel. n. S. Native of Sierra Leone on
lowish.
the mountains. Branches spread-
Small-flowered Hippocratea. Fl. Dec. Shrub cl.
ing much, rather compressed at the
7 H. DISCOLOR (Meyer, prim. esseq. 19,) carpels ovate; pa- top.
a
1

HIPPOCRATEACEÆ. I. HIPPOCRATEA. II. RADDISIA. III. SALACIA.
627
the apex.
.
-
Panicled-flowered Hippocratea. Shrub cl.
Cult. These shrubs are hardly worth cultivating unless in
17 H. RICHARDIA'NA (St. Hil. f. bras. 2. p. 102.) leaves botanic gardens ; the flowers being very minute, and without
elliptic-oblong, bluntish, nearly entire, smooth ; panicles puberu- beauty. The species will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, ,
lous, equal in length with the leaves; calyx puberulous, ciliated; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
petals much longer than the calyx, acutish, puberulous; capsule
obovate, obtuse, 4-seeded. h. n. S. Native of Senegal.
hin
II. RADDI'SIA (in honour of Giuseppe Raddi, an Italian
Richard's Hippocratea. Shrub cl.
botanist and traveller in Brazil, author of Nova Species Cryp-
18 H. MACROPHY’LLA (Vahl. enum. 2. p. 28.) carpels ? pa- togamicæ Firenze, 1808, and other works). Leand. sacram. in
nicles axillary, dichotomous, shorter than the leaves ; leaves denk. sckr. munch. akad. 7. p. 244. t. 15. ex Schult, mant. 1.
ovate, quite entire, shining, blunt at the base, but acuminated at p. 252. D. C. prod. 1. p. 570.
h..? S. Native of Sierra Leone. Leaves pale-
LIN. SYST. Triándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals.
green, as in the preceding species.
Corolla rotate, 5-cleft, with a ring girding the ovary on the out-
side of the stamens.
Long-leaved Hippocratea. Shrub cl.?
Stamens 3, with linear filaments, and 2-
19 H. VELUTI'NA (Afz. in Spreng, new entd. 3. p. 234.) car-
celled anthers? Pistil longer than the stamens. Style short.
pels? racemes axillary ; leaves oblong, acuminated, quite en- Capsule 3-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds rather globose,
tire, veiny beneath, as well as being clothed with rufous villi. fixed to the central axis. This genus is perhaps sufficiently dis-
h.S. Native of Guinea.
tinct from Salàcia.
Velvety Hippocratea. Shrub 6 feet?
1 R. ARBOREA (Leand. 1. c. Schrank. 1. c. p. 244. ex Schult.
20 H. I'NDICA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 193.) carpels oblong, 2-mant. 1. p. 347.) h. S. Native of Brazil on the borders of
p
seeded; panicles corymbose, dichotomous, about the length of Islands at the entrance to Rio Janeiro. Leaves elliptical, acute,
the leaves ; leaves oval, acute, serrated, shining. h. n. S. smooth, serrated on short stalks. Flowers small, axillary, soli-
Native of Coromandel on wooded mountains. Roxb. cor. 2. t. tary or aggregate, greenish-yellow.
130. Flowers yellowish.
Tree Raddisia. Tree 20 feet.
Var. B, disperma (Vahl. enum. 2. p. 28.) carpels lanceolate,
Cult. This tree bears very insignificant flowers; therefore
obtuse at both ends; panicles shorter than the leaves ; leaves
not worth cultivating except in botanic gardens. It will thrive
elliptical, acuminated, serrulated. h. n. S. Native of the in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in
East Indies in woody mountains.
sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
Var, y, euonymożdes (Vahl. enum. 2. p. 28.) leaves oblong or
III. SALA'CIA (from Salacia in mythology, wife of Nep-
obovate, entire or emarginate at the apex.
. h. S. Flowers
tune). Lin. mant. 293.-Toutèlea, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 31. -
greenish-white.
Tonsélla, Schreb. gen. no. 74.—Sicèlium, R. Brown, ex Poir.
Indian Hippocratea. Shrub cl.
21 H. OBTUSIFÒLIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 170.) carpels obovate, suppl
. 5. p. 146.- A’nthodon, Ruiz et Pav. A. per. 1. p. 45.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 569.-A'nthodus, Mart. in Schult. mant. 1.
4-seeded; corymbs terminal and axillary; leaves elliptical-ob-
long, entire, blunt; branches tendrilled. h. n. S. Native of
LIN. Syst. Triándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted; lobes
Coromandel. Flowers greenish-yellow. Anthers 2-lobed.
rounded. Petals 5, entire or toothed, inserted between the disk
Blunt-leaved Hippocratea. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl.
22 H. ARBÒREA (Roxb. cor. 3. t. 205.) carpels linear-oblong,
and the ovary. Stamens 3, inserted between the disk and the
ovary ; filaments dilated at the base, free; anthers terminal, 1-
somewhat cuneated, 2-seeded; corymbs axillary, dichotomous ;
celled, opening transversely at the apex. Style short or want-
leaves elliptical, serrulated, terminating in a point; branches
ing. Stigma 3-lobed. Ovary more or less immersed in the
somewhat climbing. Đ. S. Native of Hindostan. Flowers
disk, 3-celled, containing from 2 to 10 ovulæ in each cell, which
4-6-cleft, greenish-yellow. Anthers 4-lobed.
are fixed to the inner angle of the cells, disposed in a double or
Tree Hippocratea. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 feet.
23
. ,
28 H. ? cassinoides (D. C. prod. 1. p. 569.) carpels ? triple series. Berry somewhat globose
, fleshy, 2-3-celled ; cells
1
) ?
1-seeded from abortion. Seeds ovate, enwrapped in mucilage.
corymbs axillary, dichotomous, 3 times shorter than the leaves ;
-Small trees and shrubs, rarely climbing, with entire leaves,
leaves elliptical, acuminated at both ends, somewhat serrulated,
rather membranaceous; branches compressed at the apex. ħ.S.
deciduous stipulas ; axillary, dichotomous panicles of greenish or
Native of the Island of Timor.
yellowish flowers, or umbellate from abortion.
Cassine-like Hippocratea. Shrub 6 feet?
§ 1. A'NTHODON (from avdos, anthos, a flower, and odous
24 H.? PAUCIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 565.) carpels ? odovtos, odous odontos, a tooth ; petals toothed). Petals fringed
corymbs axillary, dichotomous, 5-7-flowered, scarcely longer or toothed (f. 105. b.).
than the petioles ; leaves elliptical-oblong, very bluntly crenu- 1 S. DECUSSA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. t. 74. f. 2. under
lated. h.n? s. Native of the Island of Timor. Flowers 4 Anthodon,) leaves oblong-ovate, somewhat acuminated, bluntly
lines in diameter. Anthers somewhat 4-lobed.
serrated, shining ; panicles axillary, dichotomous ; petals ovate-
Few-flowered Hippocratea. Shrub cl.
oblong, sharply serrated. h.S. Native of Peru in groves on
25 É. ELLIPTICA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
the Andes, and near Angustura, ex. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
carpels ? peduncles clothed with very fine down, dichotomously amer. 5. p. 140. t. 443. Hippocratèa ? Aʼnthodon, Pers. ench.
quadrifid, shorter than the leaves ; leaves elliptical, acute, re-
1. p. 40. Tonsélla decussata, Vahl. enum. 1. p. 30.
motely crenate-serrulated ; branches quadrangular. h.? S. Decussate-leaved Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
Native of Mexico. Flowers greenish-white.
2 S. PANICULA'TA (Mart. 1. c. under Anthodus,) leaves ovate,
Elliptical-leaved Hippocratea. Shrub cl. ?
bluntish, obsoletely and rather undulately-crenated; flowers
26 H. exce'lsa (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 136.) panicled; petals oval, unequally and remotely toothed. h.S.
carpels ? peduncles bifid, many-flowered, powdery-hairy, 3 or 4 Native of Brazil at Rio Janeiro. All other particulars unknown,
times shorter than the leaves; leaves elliptical-oblong, acumi- as well as those of the following.
nated, wavy-crenulated ; younger branches quadrangular; stem Panicled-flowered Salacia. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 feet.
arboreous. N.S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow.
3 S. UNDULA'TA (Mart. 1. c. under A'nthodus,) leaves elliptic,
Tall Hippocratea. Tree 20 feet.
acute, tapering to both ends, bluntly, and rather undulately-ser-
p. 253.
a
p. 138.)
4 1 2

628
HIPPOCRATEACEÆ. III. SALACIA.
rated; peduncles 3-5-flowered, axillary, short; calycine segments Link. jahrb. 3. p. 68. ex Schult. mant. 1. p. 347. Very like
roundish, entire; petals obovate-roundish, fringe-toothed, 3 the preceding species. Petals fringed.
times longer than the calyx. h.S. Native of Brazil at Rio Smooth Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
Janeiro. "Shrub decumbent. Petals greenish-yellow.
15 S. PRINOÌDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 571.) peduncles axillary,
Waved-leaved Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
crowded, elongated, 1-flowered ? Leaves elliptical, obtuse,
4 S. ELLIPTICA (Mart. l. c. under Anthodus,) leaves thick, obsoletely serrated at the apex ; petals fringed. h. S. Na-
elliptic, rounded at both ends, with thickened, entire margins ; tive of the East Indies. Tonséīla prinoides, Willd. act. nat.
flowers axillary and lateral, on short peduncles, in bundles ; pe- berl. 4. p. 184. Berry 1-seeded.
tals obovate-orbicular, serrulated. ñ.S. Native of Brazil at Prinos-like Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
Rio Janeiro.
16 S. VELUTI'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 108.) leaves oblong-
Elliptical-leaved Salacia. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 feet.
lanceolate, acutish, or rounded at the apex, quite entire, velvety
5 s. Vahlia'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 105, in a note,) leaves above; panicle nearly sessile, short; calycine segments ovate-
elliptic-ovate, acuminated, quite entire, scabrous on both sur- roundish, rather ciliated ; petals oblong, elliptic, twice the length
faces; calycine segments oblong-linear, acutish, clothed with of the calyx, erose; cells of ovary 2-ovulate. K. S. Native
grey tomentum; petals equal in length with the calyx, obovately- of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals green. Stems
roundish, fringed. h. v. S. Native of Trinidad. Tontàlia many from the root.
scándens, ex herb. Vahl. but not of Aubl.
Velvety Salacia. Fl. Sept. Shrub 2 to 3 feet. .
Vahl's Salacia. Shrub cl.
17 S. ERYTHROXYLOÌDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 106.) leaves
6 S. MULTIFLÒRA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 109.) leaves elliptic- elliptic, obtuse, quite entire; flowers umbellate, pedicellate ;
oblong, acute, serrate-toothed; calycine segments ovate-roundish, calycine segments roundish, erose; petals roundish-elliptic, erose;
ciliated ; petals oblong, acutish, denticulated, 3 times longer cells of ovary 5-ovulate. h. S. Native of Brazil in the pro-
than the calyx; cells of ovary 7-ovulate. h.S. Native of Brazil vince of Minas Geraes. Petals dirty-yellow.
in the province of Goyaz. Petals clothed with rusty tomentum. Erythroxylum-like Salacia. Tree 15 feet.
Many-flowered Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
7 S. GRANDIFÒLIA (Mart. l. c. under A'nthodus,) leaves thick,
§ 2. Salácia (see Genus). Petals entire.
oblong, obtuse, quite entire ; flowers axillary and lateral, aggre- 18 S. SCA'BRA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 570.) panicles axillary and
gate, on very short peduncles; petals ovate-orbicular, tooth- terminal, dichotomous, clothed with grey tomentum ;
tomentum ; leaves
letted. ñ.S. Native of Brazil at Rio Janeiro.
ovate-oblong, entire, veiny beneath and rough. N. v.S. Na-
Great-leaved Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
tive of Cayenne and the Island of Trinidad in woods. Tontèlea
8 S. OBLONGIFOLIA (Mart. 1. c. under A'nthodus,) leaves thick, scándens, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 31. t. 10. Hippocratèa áspera,
oblong, bluntish, remotely and undulately crenated in front; Lam. illus. 1. p. 101. Tonsella scabra, Vahl. enum. 29.
flowers axillary and lateral, aggregate ; petals obovate-oblong, Scabrous Salacia. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
toothletted. K.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Bahia, 19 S. CALYPSOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 107.) leaves obo-
in woods at the river St. Francisco.
vate, elliptic, short-acuminate, quite entire; panicle sessile,
Oblong-leaved Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
short; calycine segments ovate, obtuse ; petals elliptic-roundish,
9 S. GLOMERA'TA (Mart. 1. c. under Anthodus,) leaves thick, twice the length of the calyx, quite entire ; cells of ovary 2-
oblong-lanceolate, bluntish; flowers glomerated, axillary and ovulate. h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Ja-
lateral, sessile ; petals orbicular, hardly toothletted. h. S.
neiro. Petals green.
Native with the preceding species.
Calypso-like Salacia. Fl. Sept. Shrub 4 feet.
Glomerate-flowered Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
20 S. OBTUSIFÒLIA (St. Hil. f. bras. 2. p. 105.) leaves oblong,
10 S. BRASILIE'NSIS ; leaves ovate, acute, quite entire, shin- obtuse, quite entire ; flowers umbellate, pedicellate; calycine
ing above, white-tomentose beneath ; cymes axillary; petals segments ovate-roundish, ciliated ; petals twice the length of
fringed, villous inside. n. S. Native of Brazil. Tonsella the calyx, elliptic, obtuse, quite entire ; cells of ovary 2-ovulate.
Brasiliensis, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 177.
Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz. Petals
Brazilian Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
brownish-yellow.
11 S. TRINE'RVIA ; leaves oblong, acuminated, quite entire, Var. B, parviflora; flowers much smaller and on shorter pe-
triple-nerved, smooth on both surfaces; panicles terminal ; petals
dicels.
fringed, villous inside. h.S. Native of Brazil. Tonsella tri- Obtuse-leaved Salacia. Fl. Aug.
Fl. Aug. Tree 15 feet.
nérvia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 177.
21 S. MULTIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 570.) peduncles crowded,
Three-nerved-leaved Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
usually 3-flowered ; leaves obovate, quite entire, shining. h.S.
12 S. MICRA'NTHA (Mart. l. c. under Anthodus,) leaves thick, Native of Cayenne in woods. Hippocratèa obovata, Rich in
.
linear-oblong, obtuse, quite entire ; panicles axillary and termi- act. soc. hist. nat. par. 1. p. 106. Hippocratèa multiflòra, Lam.
nal, few-flowered ; petals obovate, hardly toothletted. H. S. ill. 1. p. 101.
Native of Brazil in the province of Bahia, in woods at Ca- Many-flowered Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
tingas.
22 S. RA’DULA (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 177. under Tonsélla) leaves
Small-flowered Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
elliptical, coriaceous, very smooth, quite entire ; cymes axil-
13 S. CRASSIFÒLIA (Mart. l. c. under Anthodus,) leaves thick, lary; branches with rough spots. Þ.S. Native of Brazil.
somewhat marginated, elliptic-linear ; flowers glomerated, ses- Rasp-branched Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
sile, axillary, and lateral : petals obovate-orbicular, quite entire. 23 S. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (Lour. fl. coch. 526.) peduncles
h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Coyaz towards axillary, crowded, 1-flowered ; leaves ovate, somewhat acumin-
Vao la Paraxa.
ated, rather serrated ; petals roundish. h. G. Native of
Thick-leaved Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
Cochin-china among bushes. Flowers of a reddish-yellow colour.
14 S. LÆVIGA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 570.) panicles axillary, Cochin-china Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
multifid; petals ciliated ; leaves stalked, oblong, acute, some- 24 S. SERRA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 109.) leaves elliptic,
what waved, quite entire, smooth, but roughish beneath ; branches long-acuminated, sharply serrated; panicle nearly sessile, short;
smooth. h.s. Native of? Tonsella lævigàta, Hoffmans. in calycine segments ovate-roundish, ciliated ; cells of ovary
.
h. S.

HIPPOCRATEACEÆ. III. SALACIA. IV. Calypso. V. JOHNIA. VI. TRIGONIA.
629
ovate.
.
.
-
2-ovulate. N. v
s. Native of Brazil in the province of Madagascar Calypso. Shrub 6 feet.
Minas Geraes. Petals yellow.
6 C. SALACIOÌDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 111.) peduncles
Serrated-leaved Salacia. Fl. Jan. Shrub cl.
usually in threes, 1-flowered, rising from an axillary tubercle ;
25 S. Chine'nsis (Lin. mant. 293.) peduncles axillary, leaves oval-oblong, slightly and bluntly toothed, veiny; petals
crowded, 1-flowered ; leaves alternate ? oval, quite entire, smooth;
ş.S. Native of Madagascar. Calypso, Pet. Th. veg.
branches angular. h. G. Native of China.
h. G. Native of China. Probably the afr. 1. p. 29. t. 6. Salàcia Calypso, D. C. prod. 1. p. 571.
same as S. Cochinchinensis.
Berry globose, mucronate. Seeds albuminose (Pet. Th.).
China Salacia. Shrub 6 feet.
Salacia-like Calypso. Shrub 5 feet.
Cult. Shrubs of no beauty, therefore hardly worth culti- 7 C. De’BILIS ; branches weak; leaves ovate, acuminated,
vating, except in general collections. They will thrive in a
serrated ; flowers in clusters in the axils of the leaves ; pedicels
mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand 1-flowered. h.s. Native of Sierra Leone.
under a hand-glass, those of the stove species in heat.
Weak-branched Calypso. Shrub cl.
8 C. ERE'CTA ; branches erect; leaves oval-lanceolate, acu-
IV. CALY'PSO (in mythology daughter of Oceanus and minated, obtuse, serrated, smooth; flowers axillary, nearly ses-
Thetis ; she reigned in the island of Ogygia). Pet. Th. veg. afr. sile; fruit ovate, acuminated. h.S. Native of Sierra Leone.
1. p. 29. t. 6. St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 110. Salàcia, spec. D. C. Erect Calypso. Shrub 6 feet.
prod. 1. p. 570.
Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of loam
LIN. SYST. Triándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Pe- and sand, and ripened cuttings will strike root freely in sand
tals 5, alternating with the segments of the calyx. Disk gird- under a hand-glass, in heat.
ing the ovary, expanded between the petals and stamens.
Stamens 3, inserted between the margin of the disk and ovary;
;
V. JO'HNIA (in honour of the Rev. Dr. John, a missionary,
filaments flat, free. Anthers adnate, 2-celled; cells bursting once resident in Tranquebar, who has sent many curious plants
outwards. Style short, crowned by an obsoletely 3-lobed stigma. to Roxburgh). Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 172. D. C. prod. 1. p. 571.
Ovary more or less immersed in the disk, 3-celled; cells 2 or Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Triándria Anthers 3, sessile, on
many-ovulate ; ovulæ fixed to the inner angle of the cells. the top of the urceolus. Fruit baccate; younger ones 3-celled ;
Fruit indehiscent, fleshy, globose, usually 1-celled from abortion. ovulæ peltate, 1 or 2 in each cell; adult fruit few-seeded. -
Seeds globose, solitary in the cells, clothed with mucilaginous
Little trees, with 1-flowered, axillary peduncles.
pulp. Embryo straight, destitute of albumen, with thick coty-
1 J. SALACIOÌDES (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 172.) leaves broad-
ledons.—Shrubs with
-
opposite, entire leaves, deciduous sti- lanceolate, entire ; calyx 5-parted; petals 5, sessile. ħ. S. Na-
pulas, axillary, dichotomous panicles of flowers, or from abor-
tive of Chittagong Flowers small, orange-coloured. Fruit
tion subumbellate.
dull-red, 2-3-seeded. The pulp of the fruit is white and is
1 C. CAMPE'STRIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 111. t. 104.) quite eaten by the natives.
smooth ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, narrow at the apex,
Salacia-like Johnia. Clt. 1822. Shrub 10 feet.
,
somewhat acuminated, serrate-toothed; flowers panicled; petals
2 J. COROMANDELIA'NA (Roxb. 1. c.) leaves serrulated ; calyx
twice the length of the calyx, denticulated; cells of ovary 2-
5-toothed ; petals 5, unguiculate. h. v. S. Native of Coroman-
ovulate. h. S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of Goyaz
del on wooded mountains. Flowers small, greenish-yellow. Berry
and St. Paul, where it is called Bacopari do Campo. This is a
1-seeded, about the size of a small cherry, as well as shape.
much-branched shrub, with green
flowers.
Coromandel Johnia. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
Field Calypso. Fl. Sept. Feb. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. Jóhnia is a genus of very pretty little trees. The
2 C. Arrica`NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 570. under Salàcia) pe-
fruit of both species is eatable. They will thrive well in a
duncles crowded, 1-flowered ; leaves oval, shining, toothletted; mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root
teeth somewhat glandular. ñ. S. Native of Guinea. Ton-
in sand, under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
sélla Africana, Willd. spec. 1. p. 194.
African Calypso. Shrub 5 feet. .
+ Hippocrateàceæ spúria, Stamens 5 or more, but never ex-
3 C. SENEGALE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 570. under Salàcia,)
ceeding 12.
peduncles crowded, 1-flowered, rising from an axillary tubercle ; VI. TRIGO'NIA (from Tpels, treis, three, and ywvia, gonia,
leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth, shining, serrated; branches an angle; the fruit is 3-angled, 3-celled, and 3-valved). Aubl.
scabrous. h.s. Native of Senegal. Hippocratèa Senegalensis, guian. 1. p. 390. D. C. prod. 1. p. 571.
.
Lam. ill. p. 101. H. verticillata a, Pers. ench. 1. p. 40. Tonsella LIN. Syst. Monadelphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-parted, un-
Senegalensis, Vahl. enum. 2. p. 31. Fruit eatable, very sweet. equal, permanent. Petals 5, broad at the base, unequal; upper one
Senegal Calypso. Shrub 5 feet. .
arched, gibbous and concave ; 2-lateral ones small, wing-shaped ;
4 C. PYRIFÓRMIS ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, aggregate; 2 lower ones connected into the form of a keel. Stamens 10-12,
leaves oblong, slightly toothed ; fruit large, pear-shaped, 3- some of them sterile, and irregularly connected into a tube at
celled, 3-seeded. n. S. Native of Sierra Leone on the moun- the base, which is cleft in front. Anthers fixed by the back, 2-
tains, Flowers small, greenish-yellow. The fruit is about the celled, bursting lengthwise. Glands 2-4, opposite the superior
size of a Bergamot pear, obscurely 3-sided, with a very sweet petal, situated at the base of the ovary. Ovary trigonal, 3-celled;
taste, and is eaten by the inhabitants of Sierra Leone. Tonsélla cells containing many ovulæ. Style 1, crowned by a 3-lobed
pyriformis, Hort. trans. vol. 5. p. 459.
stigma. Capsule trigonal, 3-valved, 3-celled ; valves woolly on the
Pear-shaped Calypso. Fl. Feb. Mar. Clt. 1822. Sh. 5 ft. inside and constituting dissepiments. Seeds numerous, woolly,
5 C. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 570. under Sa- fixed to the axis. Albumen fleshy.-Sarmentose or climbing
làcia ;) peduncles crowded, 1-flowered, rising from an axillary shrubs, with opposite, entire, bistipulate leaves, and racemosely-
tubercle ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, almost entire, acuminated, panicled flowers, either axillary or terminal.
even, shining ; petals linear. h. s. Native of Madagascar.
1 T. SERICEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 141.)
Hippocratèa Madagascariensis, Lam. ill. 1. p. 101. Hippocratèa leaves obovate, clothed beneath with silky or silvery down,
verticillata ß, Pers. ench. 1. p. 40. Tonsélia Madagascariensis,
h..s. Native on the Andes about Quindiu.
Vahl. enum. p. 29.
Silky-leaved Trigonia. Shrub cl.
a
.

630
HIPPOCRATEACEÆ. VI. TRIGONIA. VII. LACEPEDE A.
ERYTHROXYLEÆ. I. ERYTHROXYLON.
.
.
2 T. NI'vea (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 113.) leaves oblong, nar- connected filaments; anthers 2-celled, bursting lengthwise.
rowed both at top and bottom, acute, and short-acuminated, Ovary 3-celled, each cell containing 8-ovulæ. Style 3-furrowed,
-
smooth above, but white and tomentose beneath ; capsule elon- and at length dividing into 3 parts. Berry 6-9-seeded, 3-
gated, much wrinkled, covered with rufescent tomentum on the pointed from the permanent styles.-A tree with serrulated leaves
outside, but with silky tomentum within. . S. Native of and terminal panicles of white, sweet-scented flowers. It is
Brazil near Rio Janeiro.
nearly allied to Trigònia.
White-leaved Trigonia. Fl. Dec. Shrub 4 feet.
1 L. INSIGNIS (H. B. et Kunth, l. c.). n. S. Native of
3 T. PUBE'SCENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 114.) leaves elliptic- Mexico near Xalapa. Triceràja tinifòlia, Willd. 1.c. Triceras
obovate, short-acuminated, smoothish above, pubescently tomen- Xalapensis, Spreng.
tose beneath; capsule elongated, rufescently-tomentose outside, Shewy Lacepedea. Tree 20 feet.
but silky-tomentose inside. h. v. S. Native of Brazil in Cult. This fine tree will probably thrive well in a mixture
the provinces of Minas Geraes and Rio Janeiro. Flowers of loam, sand, and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand
whitish-green.
under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
Pubescent Trigonia. Fl. Dec. Shrub cl.
4 T. VILLÒSA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 390. t. 347. Lam. illus. t. ORDER XLIV. ERYTHROXY'LEÆ. H. B. et Kunth,
347.) leaves ovate, acute, quite entire, covered with cinereous
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 175.
5
down beneath, netted with nerves and nervelets. h. n. S.
Native of Cayenne. Flowers with the upper and lateral petals hypogynous, broadest at the base, furnished each with a scale
Sepals 5 (f. 106.), permanent, concrete at the base. Petal 5,
yellow and the lower one red.
Var. a, obtusàta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 571.) leaves elliptical-
on the inside, with the margins incumbent before expansion.
obovate, blunt at both ends.
Stamens 10 (f. 106. c.), filaments concrete into an urceolus at
Var. B, cuneata (D. C. l. c.) leaves obovate, cuneated at the the base (f. 106. c.). Anthers versatile, erect, 2-celled,
base.
bursting lengthwise at the sides. Ovary 1-celled, con-
Var. y, oblonga (D.C. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acuminated at
both ends.
taining a solitary, pendulous ovula, or 3-celled, the lateral cells
Villous Trigonia. Clt. ? Shrub cl.
empty. Styles 3, (f. 106.d.), distinct, crowned each by a capi-
5 T. MO'LLIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 571.) leaves elliptical, acu- tate stigma (f. 106. d.) or connected almost to the apex. Drupe
minated, tapering to the base, clothed with villous pubescence 1-seeded (f. 106. f.); seeds angular. Albumen fleshy or want-
above, but cinereous beneath from villi, not netted with nerves.
h.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellowish-white.
ing. Embryo linear, straight, central. Cotyledons linear, flat,
Soft-leaved Trigonia. Shrub rambling.
leafy. Radicle superior, straight, terete, pointing towards the
6 T. CE'po (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 115.) leaves obovate-ellip- hylum, with an inconspicuous plumule.-Trees and shrubs with
tic, narrowed at the base, mucronulate, puberulous above, soft the younger branches compressed, and usually covered with im-
tomentose beneath. h. v. s.
Native of Brazil near Rio
bricate scales (f. 106.). Stipulas axillary, concave.
Leaves
Janeiro, where it is called Cepo de Caboco. Flowers racemose
in the axils of the upper leaves, smelling like the hawthorn,
alternate, rarely opposite, quite entire, smooth in most parts of
greenish. This is perhaps the same as T. mollis.
the species and perhaps in all. Pedicels angular, gradually
Cepo Trigonia. Fl. Nov. Shrub cl.
thickened. Flowers solitary, twin, or in fascicles, rising from
7 T. CROTONOÌDES (St. Hil. bras. 2. p. 115. t. 105.) leaves axils of stipulaceous scales, small, white, or yellowish-green.
ovate-oblong, acute, or acuminated, smoothish above, but pube- This order has been separated by Kunth from Malpighiacee, on
rulous or tomentose beneath; capsule roundish, 3-lobed. h. v.S.
Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Cròton eriospermum, Lam.
account of the petals being appendiculate, from the seeds being
dict. 2, p. 211. Flowers yellow, racemose.
albuminous, and in the fruit being 1-celled from abortion, as
Var. B, incàna (St. Hil. 1. c. p. 116.) leaves ovate, acumin- well as from its peculiar habit. It differs from all the neigh-
ated, pubescent above, and hoary-tomentose beneath. Near bouring orders in the appendiculate petals. From Marcgravià-
Rio Janeiro.
ceæ, Guttíferæ, &c. in the leaves being stipulate.
Var. y, oblongifolia (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves oblong, acumin-
ated, smoothish above, puberulous beneath ; flowers greenish-
Synopsis of the Genera.
rufescent. In the province of Minas Geraes.
1 ErythRO'XYLON. Calyx 5-parted, 5-angled at the base.
Croton-like Trigonia. Fl. Jan. Shrub cl.
8 .
.
8 T. LÆ'vis (Ăubl. guian. 1. p. 390. t. 150. Vahl. ecl. 2.) Styles 3, distinct.
leaves ovate, acuminate, smooth on both surfaces and shining.
2 SETHIA. Calyx 5-lobed. Styles 3, but joined together in
h. v. S. Native of Guiana. Flowers white.
one. Stigmas distinct.
Smooth Trigonia. Shrub cl.
.
Cult. These shrubs are hardly worth cultivating, except in
I. ERYTHRO'XYLON (from £pvpos, erythros, red, and
general collections. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam
Xulov, xylon, wood; the wood of the trees is not red, as the
and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root in sand under a
name would imply, but the juice of the fruit is red). Lin. gen.
hand-glass, in heat.
no. 575. Cav. diss. 8. p. 399. Lam. ill. t. 383. H. B. et
Kunth, 1. c. D. C. prod. 1. p. 573.
p
.
VII. LACEPE DEA (in honour of Bernard Germain Stephen angled at the very base. Styles 3 (f. 106. d.), unconnected to
LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-parted, 5-
Count de La Cepede,
professor of zoology in the museum of natural
history at Paris). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 142.
.
the base, not joined as in Sèthia.
t. 444. D. C. prod. 1. p. 571. Triceràja, Willd. in Roem. et $ 1. Penninérvia (from penna, a feather, and nervus, a
Schult, syst. 4. p. 803.
nerve or sinew ; the nerves of the leaves are disposed in the man-
LIN. SYST. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, un-
syst,
ner of the feathers of a pen). Leaves feather-nerved (f. 106.g.),
equal. Petals 5, with very short claws. Stamens 5, with un- with the nerves small, conniving at the apex. .

ERYTHROXYLEÆ. I. ErythROXYLON.
631
p. 394.
* Pedicels solitary.
in length with the petiole; pedicels 1-4, axillary, 3-times longer
than the petiole. n. S. Native in dry shady places near
1 E. HYPERICIFOLIUM (Lam. dict. 2. p. 394.) leaves obovate, Cumana.
usually emarginate; pedicels 3-times longer than the flower; Cumana Red-wood. Tree 15 feet.
fruit 3-celled. n. S. Native of the Mauritius, where it is 11 E. HAVANE'NSE (Jacq. amer. 135. t. 87. f. 2.) leaves oval,
called Bois d'huile and Bois de Dames. Venèlia, Comm. herb.
Venèlia, Comm. herb. Y tapering to both ends, rather coriaceous ; pedicels usually twin,
-Cav. diss. 8. p. 400. t. 230. Leaves like those of Spàrea hy- scarcely longer than the flower ; branches compressed. h. S.
pericifolia, rather membranaceous and pale beneath.
Native of Cuba about Havannah on rocks near the sea-coast.
Hypericum-leaved Red-wood. Clt. 1818. Tree 12 feet. Steudèlia Brasiliensis, Nees. Flowers yellowish-green.
2 E. BRE'VIPES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 573.) leaves obovate, Havannah Red-wood. Clt. 1822. Shrub 3 feet,
usually emarginate; pedicels lateral, hardly longer than the
12 E. ORINOCE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
flowers; fruit 1-celled. K.S. Native of the islands of Porto- 176. t. 453.) leaves elliptical-oblong, emarginate at the apex,
-
Rico and St. Domingo on rocks by the sea-side. Very like ovate at the base, stiff
, smooth, shining; stipulas length of pe-
the preceding species, but differs in the leaves being coriaceous, tiole ; pedicels 2-3, axillary and terminal ? twice as long as the
5 or 6 lines long, and in the pedicels being 4 times shorter than petiole. ħ.S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco near St.
the leaves.
Borja. This is scarcely distinct from E. ovàtum.
Short-pedicelled-flowered Red-wood. Tree 20 feet.
Orinoco Red-wood. Tree 15 to 20 feet.
3 E. BUXIFÒLIUM (Lam. dict. 2. p. 394.) leaves lanceolate- 13 E. SIDEROXYLOÌDES (Lam. dict. 2. p. 393.) leaves obovate-
obovate, obtuse, somewhat mucronate, with the middle nerve oblong, bluntish, shining ; pedicels 2-3, about twice the length of
elevated; pedicels twice the length of the flower ; fruit 1- the leaves ; scales acute; branchlets compressed. ñ.S. Na-
celled. h. S. Native of Madagascar, and probably of the tive of the island of Bourbon. Cav. diss. 8. p. 401. t. 228.
Mauritius. Cav. diss. 8. p. 403. t. 231. f. 1.
Leaves almost like a species of Laùrus, 2-3 inches long, 3-9
Box-leaved Red-wood. Shrub 6 feet.
lines broad.
4 E. FERRUGI'NEUM (Cav. diss. 8. p. 404. t. 231. f. 2.) leaves Sideroxylon-like Red-wood. Tree 20 feet.
ovate, usually emarginate, shining above, somewhat rusty beneath ; 14 E. LONGIFOLIUM (Lam. dict. 2. p. 392.) leaves oblong,
scales imbricate; pedicels scarcely longer than the flower. ħi shining, thickish ; scales acute, deciduous ; pedicels twin, twice
S. Native of Madagascar. E. buxifolium B, Lam. dict. 2. as long as the flower. h.S. Native of the islands of Madagascar
and Bourbon. Cav. diss. 8. p. 399. t. 225. Leaves 2 or 3
Rusty-leaved Red-wood. Shrub 8 feet.
inches long and 4 or 5 lines broad. Flowers white.
5 E. LUCIDUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 178.) Long-leaved Red-wood. Tree 16 feet.
leaves elliptical, somewhat acuminated, acutish at the base, co- 15 Ē. OBTU'SUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 474.) leaves obovate-oblong,
riaceous, smooth, shining; stipulas longer than the petiole ; rounded at the top, cuneated at the base, membranous, smooth,
pedicels twin, axillary, and terminal ? shorter than the bracteas. rather glaucous beneath ; stipulas shorter than the petiole ; pedi-
h. S. Native of New Granada between La Mesa and Honda. cels axillary, in fascicles ? twice as long as petiole. h.s. Na-
Shining-leaved Red-wood. Shrub 6 feet.
tive of Cuba near Havannah. E. Havanense, H. B. et Kunth,
6 E. PELLETERIA'NUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 100. t. 102.) nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 177. Very near E. Hondénse.
leaves oblong, acute at the base, but obtuse and emarginate at Blunt-leaved Red-wood. Shrub 8 feet.
the apex, rusty beneath; stipulas elongated, triangular; branches 16 E. POPAYANE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
floriferous at the base; flowers solitary or twin from the axils p. 177.) leaves elliptical, acute, somewhat mucronate, acute at
of the scales. ħ. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas the base, membranous, smooth; stipulas awl-shaped, bifid,
Geraes, where it is called Fruta da Pomba.
shorter than the petiole ; pedicels axillary, in fascicles, about
Pilletier's Red-wood. Fl. Jan. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
equal in length with the petiole. Ñ.s. Native of temperate
** Pedicels in twos, threes, or fours, never solitary.
places near Popayan.
Popayan Red-wood. Shrub 8 feet.
7 E. LIGUSTRI'NUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 574.) leaves elliptical-
.
17 E. COTINIFÒLIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 98.) leaves obo-
oblong, tapering to both ends; pedicels 1-4, almost twice as long as vate, acute at the base, but very blunt at the apex, and emar-
the flowers; styles longer than the stamens. ħ.S. Native of ginate; flowers rising along the branches in few-flowered fascicles
Cayenne. Flowers larger in this than any other species, about from the scales; stipulas triangular. Þ.s. Native of Brazil
2-3 lines in diameter. Petals oblong-linear, acutish. Leaves in the province of Minas Geraes.
an inch and a half long and 6 or 8 lines broad.
Cotinus-leaved Red-wood. Fl. April. Shrub 2 feet.
Privet-like Red-wood. Shrub 6 feet.
18 E. FRANGULÆFÒLIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 99.) leaves
8 E. HONDE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 176.) ovate or lanceolate, acuminated ; flowers solitary or tern, in the
leaves elliptical-obovate, retuse at the apex, obsoletely mucro- axils of the scales; stipulas 1-3-awned; stamens shorter than
nate, acute at the base, membranous, smooth, glaucescent be-
h.s. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro.
neath ; stipulas equal in length with the petiole ; pedicels 1-2 Frangula-leaved Red-wood. Fl. Sept. Shrub.
or more, a little longer than the petioles. Þ.S. Native of 19 E. SUBROTU'NDUM (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves roundish-obovate,
New Granada in dry places near Honda.
very obtuse ; flowers axillary, solitary, or few; stipulas 2-awned;
Honda Red-wood. Shrub 6 feet.
stamens nearly twice the length of the pistil. h. S. Native
9 E. OVA'Tum (Cav. diss. 8. p. 404. t. 233.) leaves ovate, of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro, where it is called Fruta
obtuse, mucronate, somewhat membranaceous; pedicels in threes, da Pomba.
twice as long as the flower; scales imbricate. n. S. Native of Roundish-leaved Red-wood. Fl. Sept. Shrub 4 to 6 feet.
Guadaloupe, where the French call it Vinette l'herminier.
Ovate-leaved Red-wood. Tree.
* * * Pedicels many, aggregate.
10 E. CUMANE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 8. p.
404.) leaves obovate-oblong, roundish at the apex, but narrowed 20 E. RUFUM (Cav. diss. 8. p. 404. t. 232.) leaves ovate,
at the base and blunt, membranaceous, smooth ; stipulas equal blunt, coriaceous, brown beneath ; scales imbricate ; pedicels
a
the pistil.

632
ERYTHROXYLEÆ. I. ERYTHROXYLON.
.
many, axillary, twice as long as the flower. h.s.
h.S. Native of 31 E. PU’LCHRUM (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves oblong; flowers axil-
St. Domingo
lary, in fascicles; stipulas 3-awned at the apex; stamens 2-3
Rufous-flowered Red-wood. Shrub.
times longer than the pistil. Þ.S. Native of Brazil near Rio
21 E. MACROPHY'LLUM (Cav. diss. 8. p. 401. t. 227.) leaves Janeiro.
lanceolate, very long, tapering to both ends, rather glaucous be- Neat Red-wood. Fl. Oct. Shrub.
neath; scales elongated, stem-clasping, acuminated ; pedicels 32 E. SUBERÒSUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 95.) stem arboreous,
axillary, aggregate ; fruit 3-celled. h.s. Native of Cayenne. covered with corky bark ; leaves elliptical, coriaceous; flowers
-Vahl. ecl. 2. p. 33. The leaves of this species are larger in fascicles ; stamens longer than the pistil. h. S. Native of
than any other; they are about 6 inches long, and about 2 in Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Gal-
breadth.
linha choco and Mercurio do campo, and where the inhabitants
Long-leaved Red-wood. Shrub.
make a red tincture from the bark.
22 E. SQUAMMATUM (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 60. t. 63.) leaves ellip- Corky-barked Red-wood. Tree.
tical-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated; branches compressed, with 33 E. DECIDUUM (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse,
distich scales and flowers ; fruit somewhat hexagonal, l-celled. acute at the base; stipulas somewhat triangular, acutish; flowers
h.S. Native of Cayenne and French Guiana, as well as the in fascicles; stamens longer than the pistil. h. S. Native of
Caribbee Islands. Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 861. This species is Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. A small, twisted tree.
easily distinguished from the numerous, short, permanent, dis- Deciduous Red-wood. Fl. Sept. Tree 15 feet.
tich scales on the branches.
Scaly Red-wood. Tree.
§ 2. Areolàta. Leaves areolate, especially two veins, almost
23 E. LAURIFÒLIUM (Lam. dict. 2. p. 394. Cav. diss. 8. p.
parallel with the middle nerve, besides being in every part of the
400. t. 226.) leaves lanceolate; scales acute, concave; pedicels
disk marked with feathery veins (f. 106.).
glomerated, terminal, somewhat umbellate, 3 times longer than 34 E. AREOLA'TUM (Lin. amon. 5. p. 397.) leaves elliptical,
the flowers. h.s. Native of the Mauritius. Roelana lauri- obovate, areolate, mucronate, glaucous beneath ; pedicels lateral,
fòlia, Comm. It is called by the French in the Mauritius Bois many, aggregate, twice as long as the flower. ñ . s. Native
h
de Ronde or Bois de Rongle. Flowers greenish-yellow.
.
of South America about Carthagena, and of the West Indies. E.
Laurel-leaved Red-wood. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet.
Carthagenénse, Jacq. amer. 134. t. 187. f. 1.-Browne, jam. p.
24 E. NI'TIDUM (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 390.) leaves obovate, ob- 128. t. 38. f. 2. The timber is flesh-coloured, and is considered
tuse, quite entire, very smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, excellent for the size of the tree. The flowers are white,
aggregate, equal in length with the flowers. h.s. Native of with a scent not unlike that of the jonquil.
Brazil.
Areolate-leaved Red-wood. Tree 12 feet.
Nitid-leaved Red-wood. Shrub 6 feet.
35 E. MEXICA'NUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
25 E. SUBCORDA'TUM (Bert. in herb. Balb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 178.) leaves obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, and usually re-
575.) leaves ovate-rounded, rather cordate, somewhat emargi- tuse, acutish at the base, somewhat coriaceous, smooth, with 2
nate, coriaceous, smooth, netted with nerves. h. S. Native lines beneath ; stipulas equal in length with the petiole; pedicels
of St. Domingo. Pedicels 4-5-together. Leaves feather-nerved, axillary, solitary, hardly longer than the petioles. ñ.s. Native
4 or 5 lines long and broad.
of Mexico near Chilpacingo.
Subcordate-leaved Red-wood. Tree.
Mexican Red-wood. Tree 12 feet.
26 E. KUNTHIA'NUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 96.) leaves ellip- 36 E. LINEOLA'TUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 575.) leaves elliptical,
tic-lanceolate, short-acuminated ; stipulas 1-3-awned; flowers in rather mucronulate, membranaceous, areolate, somewhat glau-
fascicles, few or many-flowered ; stamens shorter than the pistil. cous beneath; pedicels lateral, 2-3-together, a little longer than
h.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro.
the flower ; fruit oblong, rather trigonal. h. S. Native of
Var. ß; leaves blunter ; flowers larger; calyx equal in length Cayenne. Cav. diss. 8. p. 404. in a note, under no. 555. t. 232.
to the corolla. In the province of Minas Novas.
f. 10. Leaves 2 inches long, and almost an inch broad, with
Kunth's Red-wood. Fl. May. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
the middle nerve not very prominent. Flowers greenish-yellow.
27 E. AFFI'NE (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 97.) leaves ovate-lan- Lined-leaved Red-wood. Tree 20 feet.
ceolate, acuminated at the apex; fascicles few-flowered; stamens 37 E. Cóca (Lam. dict. 2. p.
longer than the pistil. h. S. Native of Brazil in the pro-
FIG. 106.
.
393.) leaves ovate, areolate, mem-
vince of Rio Janeiro. Very like the preceding, but the leaves branaceous; branches scaly ; pedi-
are smaller.
cels lateral, 2-3-together, hardly
Allied Red-wood. Fl. Sept. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
longer than the flower; fruit ovate,
28 E. NA'NUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 97.) leaves obovate-
rather acute. h. S. Native of
oblong, very blunt ; flowers in axillary fascicles; stamens shorter Peru. Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t.
than the pistil; stipulas triangular. h. S. Native of Brazil in
.
398. The leaves of this shrub are
the province of Minas Geraes.
mixed and masticated with Quinoa,
Dwarf Red-wood. Fl. March. Shrub { foot.
which see.
Flowers greenish-
29 E. CAMPE'STRE (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem nearly simple, suffruti- yellow. It is called Coca in Peru
cose; leaves elliptic, very blunt, coriaceous; stipulas entire or (f. 106.)
bifid; flowers in fascicles; fascicles usually branched, short; Coca Red-wood. Tree 20 feet.
stamens shorter than the pistil. h.S. Native of Brazil in the 38 E. RIGI’DULUM (D. C. prod.
province of Minas Geraes.
1. p. 575.) leaves elliptical, blunt,
Field Red-wood. Fl. Sept. Shrub 2 feet.
somewhat cuneated at the base,
30 E. CITRIFOLIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 94.) leaves lanceo- stiff, areolate, pale beneath ;
late-oblong, acuminated ; flowers in fascicles from the axils of branches scaly; pedicels aggre-
b
the leaves and scales; stipulas bifid ; stamens longer than the gate ; stamens longer than the
pistil. Þ.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Goyaz. calyx. ñ . S. Native of St. Martha. This species comes
Citron-leaved Red-wood. Fl. July.
Fi, July. Shrub 4 feet. .
very near to E. Cóca, but differs in the leaves being stiff, not
Wiza
HRU

ERYTHROXYLEÆ. II. SETHIA. MALPIGHIACEÆ.
633
a
p. 576.
soft, and in the pedicels and stamens being longer, and the styles always simple, without dots, and usually stipulate on both
shorter. Leaves an inch long. Flowers yellowish-green. sides. Flowers racemose or corymbose, rarely axillary, so-
Stiff-leaved Red-wood. Tree 12 feet.
litary ; pedicels usually jointed, and furnished with 2 small
Cult. These trees and shrubs are hardly worth cultivating,
scales at the middle.—Probably Passiflora pallida of Lour. fl.
except in general collections. They will thrive well in a mix-
ture of loam and peat, and cuttings not too ripe will root in sand
coch. p. 527. exclusive of the synonyme, is referable to this
under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
order. The petals being unguiculate and undulated separates
this from all the neighbouring orders. The timber of all is of
II. SE'THIA (in honour of S. Sethi, author of a work on
a deep-red colour, and the bark is febrifuge. Their shewy
culinary vegetables). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
pink or yellow flowers and neat foliage render all the order
175. in a note. D. C. prod. 1.
LIN. SYST. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-lobed, and worthy of cultivation.
5-parted. Styles 3, connected together, but with the stigmas
distinct at the
apex.
Synopsis of the
genera.
1 S. I'NDICA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 576.) leaves obtuse, feather-
TRIBE I.
nerved, obovate-lanceolate ; pedicels solitary, hardly longer
than the flower; styles connate to the middle ; calyx 5-lobed. MALPIGHIE'Æ. Styles 3, distinct (f. 107. d.) or joined in one.
h.S. Native of the East Indies on the Circars. Erythróxylon Fruit fleshy indehiscent (f. 107. e.) Leaves opposite.
monógynum, Roxb. cor. 1. t. 88. Petals yellow, with white
1 MALPIGHIA. Calyx furnished with 8-10 glands on the
claws.
Indian Sethia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. Tree 20 feet.
outside at the base. Petals unguiculate (f. 107. b.). Stamens
2 S. MICROPHY’LLA ; leaves small, numerous, feather-nerved, monadelphous at the base (f. 107. c.). Styles distinct (f. 107.d.).
obovate-oblong, obtuse, mucronulate ; flowers few, axillary; Drupe containing 3 1-seeded nuts (f. 107. e.).
styles connate at the base ; calyx 5-parted. h. s. Native of 2 BYRSO'NIMA. Calyx furnished with 8-10 large glands on
Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Erythróxylon micro-
the outside at the base. Petals unguiculate. Stamens 10, con-
phyllum, St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 101.
Var. B; leaves obovate-roundish, a little larger than those
nected at the very base. Styles distinct. Drupe containing a 3-
of the species, and rather emarginate. In the province of Minas celled, 3-seeded nucleus.
Geraes.
3 BUNCHÒSIA. Calyx furnished with 8-10 large glands on
Small-leaved Sethia. Fl. Nov. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
the outside at the base. Petals unguiculate. Stamens 10, mo-
3 S. MAGNOLIÆFÒLIA ; leaves large, obovate-elliptic, very
blunt at the apex, acute at the base, glaucous beneath ; flowers
nadelphous at the base. Style 1, simple, bifid or trifid at the
small, glomerate; calyx obovate, 5-cleft; stamens a little shorter apex. Drupe containing 2-3 1-seeded nuts.
or equal in length to the pistil ; styles connate nearly to the
4 GALPhI'MIA. Calyx glandless. Petals unguiculate. Sta-
apex. K.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. mens 10, nearly free. Styles 3. Drupe containing 3 1.seeded
Erythróxylon magnoliæfòlium, St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 93.
nuts, which open on the back.
Magnolia-leaved Sethia. Fl. May. Shrub 3 feet.
5 CAUCA'NTHUS. Calyx glandless. Petals unguiculate. Sta-
Cult. The species will thrive well in a mixture of loam and
peat, and cuttings not too ripe will root in sand under a bell-
mens 10, awl-shaped. Anthers with a prominent margin. Styles
glass, in a moist heat.
3, awl-shaped. Fruit unknown.
TRIBE II.
Order XLV. MALPIGHIACEÆ (plants agreeing with
Malpighia in important characters). Juss. gen. 252. ann. du. HIPTA'GEÆ. Style one or concrete into one. Carpels of fruit
mus. 18. p. 479. D. C. prod. 1.
p
p.
577.
dry (f. 108. e.), indehiscent, 1-seeded (f. 108. f.), usually winged
Calyx 5-parted (f. 107. a. f. 109. a.), usually permanent. (f. 108. e.). Leaves opposite or verticillate.
Petals 5 (f. 107.b. f. 109. 6,), alternating with the lobes of the 6 Hi'PTAGE. Calyx furnished with 5 glands at the base.
calyx, and inserted in the hypogynous disk, unguiculate (f. 107.b. Petals fringed (f. 108. b.). Stamens 10 (f. 108.e.), one of which
f. 109.6.), sometimes unequal, but very seldom wanting. Stamens is longer than the rest. Carpels 3 (f. 108.
Carpels 3 (f. 108. e.) or from abortion
10 (f. 107. c. f. 108. e.), alternating with the petals, and inserted only 1-2, 4-winged; wings unequal (f. 108. e.).
with them, very rarely fewer. Filaments very rarely free, but
7 TRISTELLATE'IA. Petals inflexed, unguiculate. Stamens
usually connected together at the very base (f
. 107.c.). An- 10, 5 alternate ones smaller. Ovary impressed by 3
.
pores.
thers roundish (f. 107. c. f. 108. e.). Ovary usually 3-lobed Carpels 3, crowned by 6 appendages.
.
, 6 .
(f. 107. e.), constantly of 3 carpels, which are more or less joined
8 ThryA’LLIS. Petals roundish, unguiculate. Stamens 10,
together (f. 109. d.). Styles always 3 (f. 107. d. f. 109. d.), awl-shaped. Capsule triquetrous, separable into 3 parts ; cells
)
)3
distinct or connected together. Fruit of 2-3 carpels (f. 107. e. f.
opening by the outer angle.
108. e. f. 109. f.) or of 3 cells, but sometimes with only 1 or 2
9 ASPICA'RPA. Petals wanting. Stamen 1, inclosed within
cells from abortion, dry (f. 108. e. f. 109. f.) or baccate (f. 107. the calyx. Ovary roundish, 2-celled, cleft at the apex, with a
e.), with 1-seeded cells (f. 108.f.). Seeds pendulous in the cells, very short style in the fissure. Fruit indehiscent, 1-celled, con-
perhaps always without albumen. Embryo more or less curved taining 1 orbicular seed.
or straight, with a short radicle, and leafy or fleshy cotyledons. 10 GAUDICHAU’DIA. Calyx girded by 8-10 glands on the out-
-Shrubs and trees. Branches sometimes climbing. Leaves
side at the base. Petals roundish, unguiculate. Stamens 5,
opposite, but in the genus Anomalopteris they are alternate, connate, unequal. Style 1. Carpels 3, free or connected at
a
VOL. 1. PART. VII.
4 M

634
MALPIGHIACEE. I. MALPIGHIA.
the base, 1-seeded. Samara 2, drawn out into a spur-like mem- him many curious observations on natural history, but he is
brane at the base, winged on the back.
most distinguished by a treatise on the anatomy of plants, pub-
lished in 1675; he died in 1694.) Rich. in Juss. ann. mus. 18.
11 CAMA'REA. Calyx girded by 10 glands at the base, each
p. 480. D.C. prod. 1. p.
577.
lobe having 2. Stamens 6, 3 fertile, with the filaments con-
Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-parted, fur-
nected to the apex, the other 3 hardly connected, middle one nished with 8 or 10 glands at the base on the outside. Petals un-
of these fertile, the lateral ones sterile. Style 1. Carpels 3 or guiculate (f. 107. b.). Stamens 10, with the filaments monadel-
,
only 2 from abortion, rather connate, 1-seeded, indehiscent, phous to a short way at the base (f. 107. c.). Styles 3, distinct
(f. 107. d.). Drupe (f. 107. e.), containing 3 1-seeded nuts.
crested on the back, and wrinkled on the sides.
Peduncles axillary 1-flowered, or bearing umbellate pedicels.
TRIBE III.
-Trees or shrubs, never climbing. Fruit of all eatable, but M.
BANISTERIE Æ.
Æ. Styles 3 (f. 109. d.), distinct. Carpels of glābra and ùrens only are in common use.
fruit dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded (f. 108. f.), variously expanded
,
Sect. I. URE'NTES (from urens, stinging, burning; the leaves
into wings (f. 108. d.). Leaves opposite, rarely verticillate or are beset with stinging bristles, which adhere to the hand when
alternate.
touched). D. C. prod. 1. p. 577. Bristles, especially those on
12 Hirg'a. Calyx of 5 sepals, glandless, or furnished with
the leaves, fixed by their centre, horizontal, stiff, pungent at both
ends, when touched adhering to the hands.
glands. Petals roundish, unguiculate. Stamens 10, awl-shaped,
1 M. FUCA'TA (Ker, bot. reg. t. 189.) branches smooth ; leaves
connected at the very base, alternate ones longest. Styles 3.
elliptical, shining, clothed with decumbent bristles beneath, but
Carpels 3, samara-formed, rarely 2, 1-seeded, crested on the nakedish above ; pedicels axillary, umbellately corymbose, 4
back, and surrounded by a membranous wing.
times shorter than the leaves, upper petal rather larger than the
13 Trio'PTERIS. Calyx furnished with 10 glands on the out-
rest, all with jagged margins. h.s. Native of the West In-
side. Petals roundish, unguiculate. Stamens 10, awl-shaped, pale-pink. Leaves 4 inches in length.
dies ? M. macrophylla, Desf. cat. 166. but not of Juss. Flowers
,
.
cohering at the very base, alternate ones largest. Styles 3. Car-
Painted Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. Mar. Aug. Clt. 1814. Sh. 8 ft.
pels 3, 1-seeded, connected at the base, expanded into 3 wings, 2 2 M. U'RENS (Lin. spec. 6019.) branches smooth ; leaves ob-
superior and 1 inferior.
long-ovate, clothed with decumbent bristles beneath, smooth
14 VARGA'SIA. Calyx glandless. Petals nearly sessile. Sta-
above; peduncles 1-flowered, aggregate, one-half shorter than
the leaves; petals equal. h. S.
Native of South Ame-
mens 10, connected at the base. Styles joined at the base, but
rica. Mill. ill. t. 181. f. 1. Cav. diss. t. 235. f. 1. Lam. ill. t.
revolute at the top. Samaræ 3, winged at the apex.
Leaves
381. f. 1. Flowers pink or pale-purple. It is called by the
verticillate.
French Bois de Capitain, and by the English in the West Indies
15 TETRAÖPTERIS. All as in Triópteris, except that the car. Cowhage Cherry. The fruit is insipid, and is only eaten by
children and negroes.-Ker. bot. reg. 94.
pels are expanded into 4 wings, 2 superior and 2 inferior smaller.
Stinging Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1737. Shrub
16 BANISTE' RIA. Calyx girded by 8 or 10 glands. Petals
3 to 6 feet.
roundish, unguiculate (f. 109. b.). Stamens 10, awl-shaped, co- 3 M. GNI'DÆ (Spreng. neu. entd. 3. p. 51.) branches hairy ;
hering at the base (f. 109. c.). Styles 3, usually expanded into leaves elliptical-oblong, acute, hairy above, beset with stinging
leaves at the apex (f. 109.d.). Carpels 3 (f. 109. f.), indehiscent,
.
decumbent bristles beneath, and on the margin ; peduncles 1-
1-seeded, nearly distinct, ending in a simple, membranous wing,
flowered, aggregate, one-half shorter than the leaves. ħ. S.
Native of St. Domingo. Flowers pink.
which is thickened on the upper side (f. 109. d.).
Gnida's Barbadoes Cherry. Shrub 6 feet.
17 HETERO'PTERIS. All as in Banistèria, but the styles are 4 M. SETÒSA (Bert. ined. in Spreng. neu. entd. 3. p. 50.)
less dilated at the apex, and the wing of the carpels is thick- branches smooth; leaves elliptical-oblong, obtuse, beset with
ened on the lower side, as in Acér, not on the upper, as in Ba-
decumbent, stinging bristles beneath, smooth above; pedicels
nistèria.
axillary, 1-flowered, almost the length of the leaves, furnished
18 ANOMALO'PTERIS. Calyx 5-parted. Petals roundish, Domingo and Martinique. M. Martinicénsis, Jacq. amer. 136.
with 2 scales just above their middle. h. S. Native of St.
fringed, unguiculate. Samara 2, 1-seeded, ending in a wing. Flowers pink. Jacquin and two of his companions ate a great
This genus differs from all the rest in the leaves being alternate. quantity of the fruit of this tree, being very thirsty with travel-
19 Nio'ta. Calyx 4-5-parted, 2 external lobes glandular. ling in the heat in Martinico, without suffering from them in any
Petals 4-5, obtuse. Stamens 8-10, free, furnished with scales at
degree. It is the most prurient of all the species.
the base. Ovary turbinate, 4-5-lobed above. Style 1, filiform,
Bristly Barbadoes Cherry Tree 14 feet.
.
5 M. CUBE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 145.)
between the lobes of the ovary. Capsules 4-5, or from abortion branches rather hairy ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, rather mucro-
only 1-3, compressed, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
nate, rounded at the base, quite entire, smooth and shining
above, but beset with stinging, pressed bristles beneath. þ.s.
Tribe I.
Native of Cuba near Havannah. Flowers sulphur-coloured.
MALPIGHIEÆ (plants agreeing with Malpighia in having
Very like M. angustifolia.
fleshy fruit). D. C. prod. 1. p. 577.–Malpighia, Lin. gen. no. 7 feet.
Cuba Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub
572. Styles 3, distinct (f. 107. d.) or joined in one. Fruit fleshy,
indehiscent (f. 107. e.). Leaves opposite.
6 M. ANGUSTIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 610.) branches smooth; leaves
linear-lanceolate, acute, beset on both surfaces with decumbent,
I. MALPI’GHIA (in honour of Marcello Malpighi, an Italian stinging bristles ; peduncles axillary, umbellate.
h.S. Native
naturalist, once professor of medicine at Pisa. We have from of South America, particularly in the West Indies. Cav. diss.
-

MALPIGHIACEÆ, I, MALPIGHIA.
635
2)
au
8. p. 409. t. 236. f. 1. Lodd. bot. cab. 321.
M. lineáris, Jacq. 12 M. PUNICIFOLIA (Lin. spec. 609.) leaves ovate, quite en-
135. Flowers pale-purple or pink. Fruit small, oval, furrowed, tire, smooth ; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. h. S. Native
when ripe of a dark-purple colour.
of South America, particularly of the West Indies.-Plum. ed.
Narrow-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1737. Burm. t. 166. f. 2.–Pluck. phyt. t. 57. f. 7. Flowers rose-
Shrub 7 feet.
coloured. Fruit about the size and shape of a cherry, very suc-
7 M. AQUIFÒLIA (Lin. spec.
FIG. 107.
culent, and of a pleasant, rather acid taste. This shrub has
611.) branches smooth ; leaves
much the appearance of the pomegranate.
lanceolate, with spiny teeth, beset
Pomegranate-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. .
with decumbent, stinging bristles
1690. Shrub 8 feet.
beneath ; peduncles axillary, soli-
13 M. NITIDA (Mill. dict. no. 5. Lin. spec. 609.) leaves lan-
tary or twin, 2-flowered. his.
ceolate, acute, quite entire, smooth, shining; peduncles umbel-
Native of South America and the
lately-racemose, axillary and terminal. h.s. Native of South
West Indies. Plum, ed. Burm. t.
America, particularly about Carthagena, and in the West Indies.
168. f. 1. Cav. diss. 8. p. 409. t.
A beautiful shrub, with pink flowers.
236. f. 2. M. illicifolium, Mill.
7
Shining-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. March, July. Clt.
dict. no. 8. Flowers pale-blush
1733. Shrub 10 feet.
or pink. Fruit of a dark-purple
14 M. BERTERIA'NA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 383.) leaves obovate,
colour when ripe (f. 197.).
somewhat emarginate, membranaceous, opaque, smooth ; pe-
Holly-leaved Barbadoes Cherry.
duncles axillary, aggregate, usually 1-flowered. . S. Native
Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1759. Shrub
of Guadaloupe. Flowers rose-coloured ?
7 feet.
Bertero's Barbadoes Cherry. Shrub 10 feet.
8 M. MACROPHY'LLA (Willd.
15 M. EMARGINA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C.
enum. suppl. p. 37.) leaves large,
prod. 1. p. 578.) leaves ovate, obtuse, wavy, emarginate at the
oval, quite entire, beset with silky hairs above, and with sting- apex, smooth; peduncles axillary, divided to the base into 4 or
ing, decumbent bristles beneath ; umbels of flowers lateral, ses- 5 umbellate pedicels. n. S. Native of Mexico. Flowers
sile. h. S. Native of Brazil. Col. hort. rip. t. 11. Flowers
red or pale-pink?
red or pink.
Emarginate-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Shrub 8 feet?
Long-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
** Leaves pubescent or downy.
Tree 14 feet.
16 M. FAGI'NEA (Swartz, fl. ind. occid. 2. p. 850.) leaves
Sect. II. Apy'RÆ (from anvpos, apyros, free from fire; in oblong-ovate, quite entire, silky and shining beneath ; peduncles
allusion to the leaves being without stinging bristles). D. C. axillary,
axillary, 3-parted, umbellate. h.s. Native of the Caribbee
prod. 1.
p. 578. Leaves smooth or clothed with hairs, which Islands. Flowers yellow. Fruit unknown.
are not stinging, nor fixed by their centre.
Beach-leaved Barbadoes Cherry, Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820.
.
Shrub 10 feet?
* Leaves smooth.
17 M. MALIFÒLIA (Nees et Mart. in nov. act. bonn. 12. p.
9 M. cocci'FERA (Lin. ed. Reich. 2. p. 371.) leaves obovate 21.) tomentose; leaves cordate, ovate, acute, quite entire,
or roundish, with spiny teeth, smooth, shining ; peduncles axil- shining above, but villously tomentose beneath, furnished with
lary, solitary, furnished with two scales at their middle.
2 glands at the base; flowers in 3-parted umbels, axillary. K.
Native of South America. A small bushy shrub, thickly beset S. Native of Brazil about Tamburil. Petals red and white,
with box-like leaves. Flowers'pale-blush or pink. Fruit small, co-
spotted, ciliated.
nical, furrowed, of a purple colour when ripe. Ker. bot. reg. 568. Apple-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
Berry-bearing Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1733. 18 M. SACCHARI'NA; leaves. large, obovate, tapering to the
Shrub 2 feet.
base, pale beneath, on long footstalks; pedicels axillary, solitary,
10 M. GLA'BRA (Lin. spec. 609.) leaves ovate, quite entire, short, and thick. h.S. Native of Sierra Leone. The fruit of
smooth, shining ; peduncles axillary, umbellate. h.s. Native this tree is sold in great quantities in the market of Freetown,
of South America, particularly in the West Indies. Mill. ill. t. during the months of February and March, under the name of
181. f. 2. Cav. diss. t. 234, f. 1.-Sloan. jam. 2. p. 106. t. 207. sugar-plum; they are about the size of the bullace-plum, round,
f. 2. Flowers rose-coloured or bright purple. Fruit round, red, rough on the outside, with scattered warts, of a greyish colour,
and smooth, about the size and shape of a cherry, having one or
and half-filled by 3 or 4 oval-flatted seeds, which are so fitted
more furrows on the outside, and containing within a reddish, together as to appear one ; surrounded by a very sweet agreeable
sweetish, not unpleasant, copious, juicy pulp, and 3 or 4 trian- pulp. It is a beautiful and lofty tree, sometimes quite clear of
gular nuts, so fitted together as to appear one, but this is the branches to the height of 60 feet, where it terminates in a fine head.
case in all the species. This tree is cultivated in all the West Sierra Leone Sugar-plum. Fl. Dec. Jan. Tree 80 feet.
Indian Islands, and in many parts of the main land of South 19 M. INCA'NA (Mill. dict. no. 3.) leaves lanceolate, hoary
America, for its fruit, which is esteemed there, but is much in- beneath; peduncles axillary, umbellate. h. S. Native of
ferior to our cherries. It is called in the British West Indies Campechy. M. Campechiensis, Poir. dict. 4. p. 333. Flowers
Barbadoes Cherry.—Sims, bot. mag. 813.
rose-coloured. M. canescens, Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2.
Smooth-leaved or True Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. March, Sept., p. 105 ?
Clt. 1757. Tree 16 feet.
Hoary-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Clt. 1742. Tree 18 feet.
11 M. BIFLÓRA (Poir. dict. 4. p. 326.) leaves ovate, lanceo-
late, acute, smooth ; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered. H.S. Na-
+ Doubtful species, with yellow flowers.
tive of South America in woods. M.
M. punicifòlia, Cav. diss. 8. 20 M. GRANDIFÒLIA (Jacq. amer. p. 137.) leaves lanceolate-
p. 406. t. 234. f. 2. Leaves entire. Flowers pale-red. oblong, entire ; peduncles axillary, in racemose corymbs. þ.S.
Two-flowered Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. Native of Martinique in woods. Leaves a foot long. Flowers
Shrub 10 feet.
yellow. This is probably a species of Bunchòsia.
h.s.
a
а
-
4 M 2

636
MALPIGHIACEÆ. I. MALPIGHIA. II. BYRSONIMA.
a
h. S.
Great-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Shrub 10 feet.
Hairy-peduncled Byrsonima. Shrub.
21 M. DUBIA (Cav. diss. 8. p. 413. t. 242.) leaves ovate- 5 B. PHLOMOÌDes; leaves obovate-roundish, with 2 glands at
acute, cartilaginous, entire, smooth ; branches dotted ; racemes the base of each, scabrous above, and clothed with cinereous
axillary, panicled. h. s. Native of St. Domingo. Flowers down beneath ; racemes compound, axillary. h.s. Native of
small, yellow. Fruit unknown. It may be a species of Bun- Brazil. Malpighia phlomoides, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 385. Flowers
.
chósia or Banistèria. The styles are short, not exserted. yellow.
Doubtful Barbadoes Cherry. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh.10 ft. Phlomus-like Byrsonima. Shrub.
22 M. OBOVA'TA (H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 146.) 6 B. NERVÖSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 579.) leaves oval, blunt at
leaves obovate, acute, cordate, quite entire, coriaceous, shining both ends, shining above, wrinkled, but clothed with rufous
above, rather hairy beneath ; umbels axillary, twin, 4-flowered. down beneath, feather-nerved, with the nerves and
, nervelets pro-
h. S. Native of South America on the banks of the river minent; racemes crowded with flowers and covered with brown
Magdalena near Nares. There are 5 hypogynous scales seated down. h.s. Native of Brazil.
Native of Brazil. Malpighia macrophylla, Juss.
between the stamens and the ovary. Flowers yellow. This in Pers. ench. 1. p. 506. Flowers yellow.
plant may probably form the type of a
of a distinct
genus.
Nerved-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub 8 feet.
Obovate-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Shrub 10 feet.
7 B. COTINIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 152.
23 M. TERNIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. t. 447.) leaves obovate, obtuse, tapering to the base, rather
146.) leaves 3 in a whorl, oblong-lanceolate, acute, rounded at membranaceous, younger ones velvety on both surfaces, with
the base, quite entire, rather hairy above and shining, but rufous down, adult ones smooth above, but rather velvety be-
clothed with soft down beneath ; umbels axillary, compound, neath ; racemes simple, crowded with flowers, rather velvety ;
3-4-rayed, many-flowered. h. S. Native of New Granada glands of calyx continuous. h. S. Native of Mexico about
near Pandi. Flowers yellow. Fruit unknown. This is pro- Acapulca.
Acapulca. Flowers copper-coloured.
bably a species of Vargàsia.
Cotinus-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub 6-12 feet.
Tern-leaved Barbadoes Cherry. Shrub 12 feet.
8 B. FERRUGI'NEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 151.
Cult. These trees and shrubs will thrive in any light soil, or t. 446.) leaves obovate-roundish, each with a short point, cu-
a mixture of loam and peat; and ripened cuttings will root in neated at the base, covered with soft pubescence above, but
sand under a hand-glass, in heat. M. coccifera nítida, and aqui- clothed with rusty down beneath, as well as the branches and
fòlia are the most worthy of general cultivation.
calyxes; racemes simple; calycine glands 10, distinct.
Native about the river Orinoco in woods. Flowers yellow.
II. BYRSO'NIMA (from byrsa, a liide, and nimius, much Rusty-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub.
used ; because the bark of some of the species is used in tanning 9 B. ALTISSIMA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 579.) leaves ovate-oblong,
in Brazil). Rich. in Juss. ann. mus. 18. p. 481.
covered with rufous down beneath but beset with bristles above,
LIN.syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-parted, furnished which are fixed by their centre; racemes clothed with rufous
with 8 or 10 large glands on the outside at the base. Petals hairs. h.S. Native of Guiana in woods. Malpighia altís-
unguiculate. - Stamens 10, connected together at the base, but sima, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 455. t. 181. A tree from 60-80 feet
a very little way. Styles 3. Drupe containing a 3-celled, 3-
. high. Flowers white. Drupe reddish, almost dry.
seeded nucleus.—Racemes of flowers spicate and terminal, sim- Tallest Byrsonima. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Tree 80 ft.
ple or branched. Flowers yellow, rarely white.
10 B. CRASSIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1.
p. 579.) leaves ovate, acute
at both ends, at length smooth above, but clothed with brownish
* Leaves clothed with velvety down beneath.
down beneath ; racemes erect, elongated, brownish-velvety.
1 B. VERBASCIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 579.) leaves lanceo- h. S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne, and also at Orinoco ?
late-obovate, quite entire, downy on both surfaces; racemes ter- Malpighia crassifòlia, Lin. spec. 610. Aubl. guian. 1. p. 4:57.
minal; trunk thick, knotted, dwarf. . S. Native of Guiana t. 182. B. crassifòlia, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
by the sea-shore. Malpighia verbascifòlia, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 151.? Flowers yellow. Drupe greenish. The inhabitants of
460. t. 184. Cav. diss. 8.
Cav. diss. 8. p. 411. t. 240. Leaves grey. The Guiana consider an infusion of the bark a febrifuge, and as stop-
hairs on the upper surface of the leaves are fixed by their centre. ping vomiting.
Flowers yellow. A decoction of the roots and branches is Var. f, Moureíla (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 459. t. 183.) leaves acute;
used in Guiana as a detergent in ulcers. This decoction has a flowers spiked. h. S. Native of Guiana and Cayenne in
red tinge and is vulnerary and astringent.
woods. Cav. diss. 8. p. 412. t. 241. Flowers yellow. This
Mullein-leaved Byrsonima. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1810. Sh. 1 ft. tree is called Moureila in Guiana. Tree 20 feet.
2 B. LAURIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 147.) Thick-leaved Byrsonima. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1793. Sh. 6 ft.
leaves ovate-oblong, narrowed towards the top, cuneated at the 11 B. CHRYSOPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
base, and rather complicated, hairy above, downy beneath and p. 151.) leaves oblong, short-acuminated, acute at the base,
hoary ; branches clothed with downy hairs; calyx silky-villous. rather wavy on the margin and revolute, smooth above, clothed
h. S. Native of Llanos in Cumana. Malpighia laurifòlia, beneath with silky down, which is of a golden rusty colour;
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 385. Very like B. verbascifolia.
racemes simple; calyxes glandless. h. s. Native of South
Laurel-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub.
America at St. Carlos del Rio Negro. Galphímia chrysophylla,
3 B. NÍTIDA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. vol. icon. under Malpighia,) Spreng. syst. 2. p. 385. Flowers yellow.
leaves ovate-oblong; racemes terminal and axillary, branched, Golden-leaved Byrsonima. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1823. Tr. 14 ft.?
panicled ; petals fringed; fruit large, 3-seeded; stigmas 3. 12 B. MONTA`NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 151.)
.
h.S. Native of Peru.
leaves elliptical-oblong, acute at both ends, smooth above, pu-
Shining-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub 10 feet.
bescent beneath ; branches and calyxes covered with rusty
4 B. ERIO'PODA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 579.) leaves oval, obtuse, down; racemes branched. h.S. Native of Cumana on Mount
tapering to the base, coriaceous, at length shining above, under- Cocollar. Flowers yellow. Fruit unknown.
neath as well as above hairy on the nerves; peduncles very Mountain Byrsonima. Tree 20 feet.
hairy. h. S. Native of South America. Malpíghia rufa, 13 B. LANCEOLA'TA (Poir. dict. 4. p. 332.) leaves lanceolate-
Poir. dict. 4. p. 332.
oblong, at length becoming smooth above, but brownish-velvety

MALPIGHIACEÆ.
637
II. BYRSONIMA.
hs
beneath : racemes erect, elongated, compound at the top. h.S. oblong-lanceolate, membranaceous, very smooth ; racemes elon-
,
Native of Cayenne. Flowers yellow.
gated, nodding ; pedicels glandular. . S. Native of the
Lanceolate-leaved Byrsonima. Tree 20 feet.
sea-shore in the island of Arowabisch in Guiana. Malpighia éle-
14 B. PU’LCHRA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves oval-oblong, gans, Meyer, prim. esseq. 178.
gans, Meyer, prim. esseq. 178. Flowers flesh-coloured.
acute at both ends, brownish-velvety beneath ; racemes erect, Elegant Byrsonima. Tree 40 feet.
simple ; drupe ovate, mucronated. h.s. Native of Mexico 24 B. ANGUSTIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
on the mountains. Malpighia púlchra, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. 153. t. 449.) leaves linear-oblong, retuse at the apex, acutish
icon. ined. Drupe scarlet. Petals cordate, yellow when young,
, at the base, smooth, cretaceously-pruinose beneath ; stipulas
but at last becoming reddish.
connate at the base ; racemes branched ; calyxes clothed with
Fair Byrsonima. Tree 16 feet?
silky pubescence, furnished with 10 glands. n. S. Native
15 B. SERICEA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves elliptical-ob- of South America near where the rivers Atabapo and Ori-
long, acuminated at both ends, smooth and shining above, but noco join. Malpíghia pruinosa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 384. Flowers
covered with silky rufous down beneath ; racemes rather branched, red.
somewhat velvety. . S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow. Narrow-leaved Byrsonima. Tree 16 feet.
Silky-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub.
25 B. DE'NSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
16 B. CINE'REA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves narrow-lan- coriaceous, shining on both surfaces; racemes densely spiked ;
ceolate, shining above, younger ones covered with rufous-velvety pedicels hairy. h. S. Native of Guiana. Malpíghia densa,
down on both surfaces, adultones underneath as well as the Poir. dict. suppl. 4. p. 7. Flowers red.
branches clothed with cinereous down ; racemes spicate, simple. Dense-racemed Byrsonima. Shrub.
h.s. Native of French Guiana. Malpighia cinèrea, Poir. 26 B. CORIA'CEA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves ovate, acute,
suppl. 4. p. 7. Flowers yellow.
quite entire, smooth on both surfaces; racemes densely spiked,
Cinereous Byrsonima. Shrub.
pubescent, erect. h. S. Native of the south of Jamaica
17 B. RHOPALÆFÒLJA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. among bushes on the lower mountains of Liguanea. Malpíghia
148.) leaves elliptical, bluntish, rounded at the base, complicated, coriàcea, Swartz, A. ind. occ. 2. p. 854.—Sloan. hist. 2. p. 20.
smooth, younger ones underneath as well as the branches and t. 163. f. 1. Flowers yellow, sweet-scented. Brown calls this
calyxes clothed with rusty down; racemes simple. 3. S. tree Locust-tree.
Native of Cumana and Caraccas in hot places. Flowers yellow. Leathery-leaved Byrsonima. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1814.
Fruit unknown.
Tree 30 feet.
Rhopala-leaved Byrsonima. Tree 20 feet.
27 B. BRACHYSTA'CHIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves oval,
18 B. NITIDISSIMA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves nearly ses- acute at both ends, quite entire, smooth ; racemes spiked, erect,
sile, elliptical, rounded at both ends, puberulous above and brownish-velvety, one-half shorter than the leaves. h. s.
shining, but clothed with rufous pubescence beneath as well as Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow.
the branches ; racemes simple; calyx clothed with rufous down, Short-spiked Byrsonima. Shrub.
with 10 distinct glands. ħ.S. Native on the banks of the 28 B. PAʼLLIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves ovate, smooth
Orinoco in the mission of Panumana. Flowers white.
on both surfaces, shining above, very coriaceous, pale ; racemes
Most-shining-leaved Byrsonima. Tree 20 feet.
spiked, with short, smooth pedicels; drupe small, globosely-pear-
Leaves in the adult state smooth on both surfaces.
shaped. ħ. S. Native of Cayenne, Malpighia pallida, Poir.
suppl. 4. p.7. Flowers yellowish.
19 B. SPICA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves lanceolate, Pale-leaved Byrsonima. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet?
smooth, rusty beneath ; racemes spiked, erect, crowded, rather 29 B. RETICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves ovate-lan-
velvety; petals halbert-shaped, very blunt. h.s. Native of ceolate, netted, smooth, shining above ; racemes large, compound,
St. Domingo, Guadaloupe, Porto-Rico, and Brazil. Malpighia reflexed at the apex; bracteas ovate. h. S. Native of Ca-
spicàta, Cav. diss. 8. p. 409. t. 237. Flowers yellow.
yenne. B. spicata, Poppig. Malpighia reticulàta, Poir. suppl.
Spiked-flowered Byrsonima. Fl. July,
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. 4. p. 8. Flowers pale-yellow.
Shrub 6 feet.
Netted-leaved Byrsonima. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1823. Sh. 10 ft.
20 B. LU CIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves obovate, cunei- 30 B. MO'LLIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves ovate-oblong,
form, obtuse, or mucronate, smooth, veinless, shining; racemes smooth, even, coriaceous; racemes panicled, short, smooth.
spiked, erect, short, smooth ; pedicels hispid; petals hastately n. S. Native of Cayenne. Malpighia mollis, Poir. suppl. 4.
kidney-shaped. n. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands, St. p. 6. Flowers yellowish.
Thomas, and Guadaloupe. Malpighia lùcida, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. Soft-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub 6 feet.
2. p. 852. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2462. Flowers pink. A beau- 31 B. DIPHY’LLA (Jacq. amer. 136.) leaves oval, smooth,
tiful shrub.
quite entire ; racemes simple, on small 2-leaved branches. h.s.
Lucid-leaved Byrsonima. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1759. Sh. 8 ft. Native of Carthagena in woods by the sea-side. Flowers yellow.
21 B. COCCOLOBÆFOʻLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
Fruit yellow.
p. 148.) leaves sessile, roundish, ovate, blunt, obsoletely cordate, Two-leaved-racemed Byrsonima. Shrub 8 feet.
smooth as well as the branchlets ; racemes simple ; calyxes 32 B. GUADALUPE'NSIS ; leaves elliptical-oblong, quite entire,
smoothish. h. S. Native of the Caraccas in arid places near shining above, rusty beneath, smooth; racemes terminal, loosely
Villa de Cura. Flowers white.
corymbose. h. S. Native of Guadaloupe. Flowers yellowish.
Coccoloba-leaved Byrsonima. Tree 16 feet.
Guadaloupe Byrsonima. Shrub?
22 B. LÆVIGA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves ovate, obtuse, 33 B.? VOLU'BILIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves oval, acu-
p
even, smooth ; racemes spiked, crowded with flowers, elon- minated, smooth, shining; branches twining, usually tubercled ;
gated. h. s.
Native of Cayenne and probably in Guada- racemes corymbosely-umbellate, terminal. h.v.S. Native of
loupe. Malpighia lævigàta, Poir. dict. 4. p. 332. Petals yel- the West Indies. Malpighia volùbilis, Sims, bot
. mag. t. 809.
lowish-white.
Flowers yellow. Fruit unknown. This plant is most probably
Smooth-leaved Byrsonima. Shrub?
a species of Banistèria.
23 B. E'LEGANS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 580.) leaves oblong, or Twining Byrsonima. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1793. Sh. tw.
.
.
.

638
MALPIGHIACEÆ. III. BUNCHOSIA.
-
Cult. All the species will thrive well in any light soil, or a berculàta, Jacq. schoenbr. 1. p. 54. t. 104. Flowers yellow,
mixture of loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will root freely Fruit red.
in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Most of the species are Tubercled-branched Bunchosia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1806.
rather shewy
Shrub 8 feet.
8 B. ARGE'NTEA (D. C. prod. 1. p.582.) branches puberulous;
III. BUNCHO'SIA (from Bunchos, the Arabic name for leaves lanceolate, silvery beneath; racemes opposite, simple,
coffee; in allusion to the similarity between the seeds of this pubescent, each pedicel bearing 1 gland. h. S. Native of
genus and those of coffee). Juss. ann. mus. 18. p. 481.
481. H.B. Caraccas. Malpíghia argentea, Jacq. fragm. 106. t. 83. Flowers
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 183. D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.
5
.
yellow. Glands of calyx elongated.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-parted, fur- Silvery-leaved Bunchosia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1810. Sh. 10 ft?
nished on the outside with 8 or 10 glands. Petals unguiculate. 9 B. GLAU'CA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 155.)
Stamens 10, monadelphous at the base. Style 1, simple, bifid
.
leaves elliptical-oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, smoothish
or trifid at the apex. Drupe enclosing 2, but very rarely 3,
above, covered beneath with close-pressed hairs, glaucescent,
nuts, which are flat on one side and convex on the other. Ra- and furnished with 4-11 glands towards the margin; branches
cemes axillary, loosely spiked or somewhat panicled.
warted; racemes opposite, pubescent, each pedicel furnished
with 1 gland. . S. Native of New Granada near Honda.
* Leaves, petioles, or pedicels glandular.
Very like B. nítida. Flowers yellow.
1 B. GLANDULÒSA (D.C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves ovate-ellip-
Glaucous-leaved Bunchosia. Shrub 12 feet.
tical, acuminated, smooth ; petioles furnished with 2 glands at
the top ; racemes simple, shorter than the leaves. h.S. Na-
** Leaves, petioles, and pedicels without glands.
tive of the Antilles. Malpíghia glandulosa, Cav. diss. 8.
p.
411.
t. 239. f. 2. Flowers yellow.
10 B. NI'TIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 582.) leaves oblong, acu-
Glandular-petioled Bunchosia. Clt. 1804. Tree 20 feet.
minated, smooth, glandless; racemes elongated, almost the length
2 B. GLANDULIFERA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
of the leaves. n. S. Native of Jamaica, Guadaloupe, and St.
154.) leaves ellipti vate
, on short peticles, wavy, pubescent Domingo, in sunny places. Malpighia nítida, Lin. spec. 609.
.
on both surfaces, furnished with 4 glands beneath at the base ;
Cav. diss. 8. p. 411. t. 239. f. 1. Flowers yellow. Fruit large,
.
racemes simple; pedicels each furnished with 1 gland. h.s.
red, and are much eaten by turkeys and other large fowls.
Native of Caraccas and of Guadaloupe in woods. Malpighia
Leaves 4 inches long.
glandulòsa, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 469. M. glandulífera, Jacq. coll.
Shining-leaved Bunchosia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1800. Sh. 4 ft.
4. p. 207. and 5.
11 B. ARMENIACA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 582.) leaves ovate-
5. f. 3. Flowers yellow. Fruit red.
p.
Gland-bearing Bunchosia. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1806. Sh.
.
oblong, acute, coriaceous, smooth; racemes elongated, almost
10 feet.
the length of the leaves; styles rather distinct. h.S. Native
3 B. CORNIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 154.)
of Peru in the province of Chanca. Malpighia Armeniaca, Cav,
leaves elliptical, acuminated, acute at the base, pubescent on both
diss. 8. p. 410. t. 238. The fruit in shape is compared to that
surfaces as well as the branches, with close-pressed silvery
of Prunus Armeniaca, and the nucleus is said to be poisonous.
hairs, and furnished with 2 glands towards the base ; racemes
Leaves 4 or 5 inches long. Flowers yellow.
simple, each pedicel furnished with 1 gland. h.S. Native of
Apricot-fruited Bunchosia. Shrub.
New Granada between Turbaco and Carthagena. Petals white.
12 B. ODORA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 582.) leaves ovate, emargi-
Fruit yellow.
nate, downy on both surfaces ; racemes opposite ; stigma bifid or
trifid.
Dogwood-leaved Bunchosia. Shrub 12 feet.
h. S. Native of Carthagena among bushes. Mal-
4 Ž. POLYSTA'CHYA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves oblong, píghia odorata, Jacq. amer. p. 136. t. 177. f. 41. Flowers
yellow, sweet-scented.
acute, smooth, shining, furnished beneath at the base with 2
glands; racemes rather panicled; pedicels each furnished with
Sweet-scented-flowered Bunchosia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1806.
Shrub 7 feet.
1 gland; stigma capitate, 2-lobed. h. S. Native of the West
Indies and Cumana. Malpighia polystàchya, Andr. bot. rep. t.
604. Flowers yellow. Fruit red, eatable.
† Species not sufficiently known.
Many-spiked Bunchosia. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1806. Sh. 10 ft. 13 B.? PANICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p 582.) leaves oblong,
5 B. ME'DIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, cordate, acuminated, smooth ; racemes panicled, lateral, and
.
acute, smooth, shining, furnished beneath with 2 glands, terminal. H.S. Native of Jamaica. Malpighia paniculata,
approximating to the midrib ; racemes simple ; pedicels each Mill. dict. no. 6. Flowers purple.
bearing 1 gland on the middle; stigma capitate, 2-lobed. h. S. Panicled-flowered Bunchosia. Fl. May, Aug. Cit. 1790.
Native of the West Indies. Malpighia mèdia, Ait. hort. kew.
.
Shrub 10 feet?
ed. 2. vol. 3. p. 103. Flowers yellow.
14 B. CANE'SCENS (D. C prod. 1. p. 582.) leaves oblong, ob-
Intermediate Bunchosia. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1790. Sh. 10 ft. tuse, pubescent; racemes axillary, compound. h. S. Native
6 B. PILÒSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 154.) of the West Indies. Malpíghia canescens, Ait. hort. kew. 2. p.
leaves almost sessile, oblong, acute, rounded at the base, hairy 105. Flowers probably yellow.
above, and covered beneath with bristly hairs, and hoary as well Hoary-leaved Bunchosia. Clt. 1742. Tree 20 feet?
as the branchlets, and furnished with 7 or 9 glands towards the 15 B.? SESSILIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 582.) leaves oblong-
margin; racemes simple, each pedicel furnished with 1 gland lanceolate, tapering to the base, almost sessile, acuminated at the
above the middle. h.s. Native of New Granada near Tur- apex; racemes opposite, simple; style thickish, with an orbicu-
baco. Flowers yellow.
lar stigma. h. S. Native of Mexico. Petals yellow, with
Pilose Bunchosia. Tree 12 feet.
fringed margins. Fruit unknown.
.
7 B. TUBERCULATA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 581.) branches tuber- Sessile-leaved Bunchosia. Shrub?
cled ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, rather pubescent; racmees 3- Cult. All the species of this genus are rather ornamental.
times shorter than the leaves, each pedicel furnished with 1 gland They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and
above the base. n. S. Native of Caraccas. Malpighia tu- ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.

e-
. s.
h. S.
Wom
MALPIGHIACEÆ, IV. GALPHIMIA. V. CaucaNTHUS. VI. Hiptage. VII. TRISTELLATEIA.
639
IV. GALPHI’MIA (an anagram of Malpighia,) Cav. icon. 5. Cult. This plant will probably thrive well in a mixture of
p. 61. D. C. prod. 1. p. 582.
p
loam, peat, and sand; and ripened cuttings will probably strike
LIN. SYST. Decándria, Trigynia. Calyx 5-parted, with- root in sand under a hand-glass.
out glands. Petals unguiculate, oval or oblong. Stamens 10,
Tribe II.
almost free. Styles 3. Fruit (according to Cavanilles) 3-
celled ? containing 3 nuts; nuts opening on the back, 1-seeded. HIPTA'GEÆ (plants agreeing with Hiptáge in the shape of
Flowers yellow. Racemes terminal, as in Byrsónima, but differs the fruit). D. C. prod. 1. p. 583. Style 1 (f. 108. d.) or 3, con-
from it in the calyx being destitute of glands.
nected into one. Carpel a dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded fruit (f.
1 G. HIRSUTA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 62.) leaves ovate, acute, on 108. e.), which is usually expanded into wings of various shapes
short footstalks, hairy on both surfaces. ħ. S. Native of (f. 108. e.). Leaves opposite or in whorls.
Mexico between Chilpancinga and Rio Azul.
VI. HI’PTAGE (probably from intapai, hiptamai, to fly; in
Hairy Galphimia. Shrub 6 feet.
allusion to the shape of the lateral petals, which appear like
2 G. GLAU'CA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 61. t. 489.) leaves ovate, ob- wings). Gært. intr. p. 126. fruct. 2. p. 169. t. 116.-Gärtnera,
tuse, smooth, glaucous beneath, and with one tooth on each side Schreb, gen. no. 735. but not of Lam.-Molina, Cav. diss. 9.
at the base ; petioles without glands. h. v. S. Native of Mexico.
p.
435. but not of Juss.
Glaucous-leaved Galphimia. Clt. 1830. Shrub cl.
LIN. Syst. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, and
3 G. GLANDULÒSA (Cav. icon. 6. p. 43. t. 563.) leaves oval- furnished with 5 glands at the base on the outside. Petals 5,
lanceolate, smooth, each petiole furnished with 2 large glands at unequal, fringed (f. 108. b.). Stamens 10 (f. 108. e.), one of
the top; petals oblong. n. S. Native of the western parts of which is much longer than the rest. Carpels 3 (but usually 1
Mexico on the declivities of mountains. H. B. et Kunth, nov. or 2 from abortion), 4-winged (f. 108. e.); wings unequal.-
gen. amer. 5. p. 172. Malpighia biglandulosa, Poir. suppl. 4. p.
, . Climbing shrubs.
7. Perhaps several species are confounded below under the 1 H. MADABLÒTA (Gært. fruct.
FIG. 108.
head of varieties. Flowers of all yellow.
2. p. 169. t. 116.) leaves ovate-
Var. a, ovalifolia (Moc. et Sesse, Al. mex. icon. ind. D. C. lanceolate, acuminated; racemes
prod. 1. p. 582.) leaves oval, obtuse.
Native of terminal. N. v. S. Native of the
Mexico.
East Indies on the Circar moun-
Var. ß, oblongifòlia (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. tains. Madablóta, Sonn. voy. ind.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 582.) leaves oval-oblong, tapering to both ends. 2. p. 135. Molina racemosa, Cav.
Native of Mexico.
diss. 9. p. 435. t. 263. but not of
Var.
y lanceolàța (Cav. l. c.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated at Juss. Gærtnera racemosa, Roxb.
both ends. h.s. Native of Mexico.
cor. 1. p. 19. t. 18. Banistèria
Glandular Galphimia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
Bengalensis, Lin. syst. p. 247.
* Doubtful species, the calyxes of which are furnished with
Banistèria unicapsulàris, Lam. Ca-
glands.
lophyllum Akara, Burm. ind. 121.
-Rheed, mal. 6. t. 59. This is a
4 G.? LONGIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. large, woody, climbing shrub,
173.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, angularly-cuneated at the flowering in its native country in
base, smooth, each petiole bearing 1 or 2 glands ; racemes ter- the wet and cold season. It is
minal, branched. ñ .U.S. Native of South America in shady cultivated all over the coast of
places at the river Cassiquiare. Flowers yellow.
Coromandel on account of the beauty and fragrance of its blos-
Long-leaved Galphimia. Tree 20 feet.
soms, each of which is composed of five petals, one of them yel-
5 G.? MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 173.) low, the rest white. Madablota is its name in some parts of the
leaves oblong, acute at both ends, coriaceous, smooth above, and East Indies.
shining, but clothed with soft hoary pubescence beneath, each Madablota Hiptage. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1796. Shrub cl.
petiole bearing 2 glands ; umbels axillary? few-flowered. h. 2 H. OBTUSIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 583.) leaves obovate,
.S. Native of the temperate parts of Mexico. Flowers yellow. obtuse, rather mucronated ; racemes terminal and axillary. h.
Soft-leaved Galphimia. Shrub cl.
S. Native of China. Gærtnera obtusifolia, Roxb. hort.
Cult. The species of Galphémia are rather handsome shrubs. beng. p. 32. The flowers are composed of 5 petals, one of which
They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, and ripened is yellow, the rest white.
cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. Obtuse-leaved Hiptage. Clt. 1810. Shrub cl.
Cult. Hiptáge is a genus of beautiful climbing shrubs; they
V. CAUCA'NTHUS (the Arabic name of this tree is kauka, are therefore very desirable for a stove-conservatory, where they
and avlos, anthos, a flower). Forsk. descr. 91. D. C. prod. can be trained upon the rafters. A mixture of loam and peat
1. p. 583.
will suit them best, and cuttings will strike root in sand under a
LIN. syst. Decandria, Trigynia. Calyx campanulate, 5-part- hand-glass, in heat.
ed, destitute of glands. Petals unguiculate, concave,
Stamens
10; filaments awl-shaped. Margins of anthers rather promi-
VII. TRISTELLATE'IA (from tres, three, and stella, a
nent. Styles 3, awl-shaped. Fruit unknown. This genus is star; disposition of the appendages of the capsule). Pet. Th.
perhaps not sufficiently distinct from Galphímia.
p.
14. no. 47.- Zýmum, Nor. Juss. ann. 18. p. 482.
1 C. Ara bicus (Lam. dict. 1. p. 658.) Þ.G. Native of D. C. prod. 1. p. 583.
Arabia on the mountains at Taæs. Malpíghia Caucánthus, Poir. Lin. syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
suppl. 4. p. 6. Galphímia Caúca, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 385. Leaves 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10, the 5 alternate ones smallest. Ovary
opposite, orbicular, smooth, usually emarginate. Corymbs of impressed with 3 glandular pores. Carpels 3, crowned by 6
flowers terminal. Flowers white. The fruit is said to be appendages, which are 3-toothed at the apex. Embryo convolute.
about the size of a pigeon's egg, and perhaps therefore fleshy. 1 T. MADAGASCARIEʼnsis (Poir. suppl. 5. p. 367.) .. S.
h
Arabian Caucanthus. Shrub or Tree?
Native of Madagascar. This is a twining shrub, with the lower
a
a
gen. mad.

640
MALPIGHIACEÆ. VIII. TARYALLIS.
IX. ASPICARPĄ. X. GAUDICHAUDIA. XI. CAMAREA.
a
a
a
h. S.
leaves disposed 4 in a whorl, upper ones opposite, bearing glands or connected at the very base, 1-seeded, one of them usually
at their base, entire. Flowers disposed in racemes, yellow. abortive. Samara 2, each drawn out at the base into a spur-like
Madagascar Tristellateia. Shrub tw.
membrane, and winged on the back. Seeds erect at the top of
Cult. This beautiful twining shrub will grow in a mixture of a pendulous funicle. Albumen wanting. Embryo straight.-
loam and peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root in sand un- Shrubs with opposite entire leaves and yellow flowers.
der a hand-glass, in heat.
1 G. CYNANCHOÌDES (H. B. et Kunth, l. c.) stem twining ;
leaves stalked ; racemes crowded with flowers, axillary or ter-
VIII. THRYA’LLIS (a name given by the Greeks to Ver- minal. h. n. S. Native of Mexico near Valladolid.
báscum, which comes from Opavw, thrauo, to divide. The pre-
Cynanchum-like Gaudichaudia.
Shrub twining.
sent plant has nothing to do with the plant of the Greeks unless
2 G. GUARANI’TICA (St. Hil. bull. philom. 1823. p. 132.) stem
in having yellow flowers). Lin. gen. 533. D. C. prod. 1. p. 583.
p twining, shrubby ; leaves stalked, ovate-oblong, obtuse, with a
LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-parted, perma- short mucrone; petioles with 2 glands at the top of each ; umbels
nent. Petals roundish, unguiculate. Stamens 10, awl-shaped, axillary, 2-3-flowered. h.ns. Native of Brazil.
monadelphous at the base. Styles 3, connate at the base. Cap- Guaranitic Gaudichaudia. Shrub tw.
sules inclosed within the large calyx, divisible into 3, triangular, 3 G. LINEARIFOLIA (St. Hil. l. c.) stem suffruticose, erect;
1-seeded nuts; cells opening by the exterior angle.
leaves linear, almost sessile, distant; umbels terminal. ħ. S.
1 T. BRASILIE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 554.) branches jointed; leaves Native of Brazil.
ovate, stalked ; racemes of flowers terminal. his. Native of
Linear-leaved Gaudichaudia. Shrub 3 feet.
Brazil.-Marcg. bras. p. 79. f. 3. Flowers small, yellow.
4 G. SERÍCEA (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem suffruticose, erect; leaves
Brazilian Thryallis. Shrub 2 feet?
on short stalks, silky beneath, intermediate ones ovate-lanceo-
2 T. LONGIFOLIA (Mart. 1. bras. 3. p. 78. t. 230.) leaves ob-
late; peduncles filiform, 1-flowered, rarely 2-flowered.
long-lanceolate, acutish, canescent beneath ; petioles glandular Native of Brazil.
towards the base; glands oblong. h. v. S. Native of Brazil
Silky-leaved Gaudichaudia. Shrub 3 feet.
in the province of Bahia. Petals yellow.
5 G. A’LBIDA (Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa. 5. p. 217.)
Long-leaved Thryallis. Shrub cl.
stem shrubby, climbing ; leaves stalked, ovate, oblong, obtuse,
3 T. LATIFÒLIA (Mart. A. bras. 3. p. 79. t. 231.) leaves broad, silky-canescent beneath from adpressed pili; petioles glandless;
ovate, obtuse or emarginate, cordate at the base, white from umbels 2.-4-flowered, terminal. N. v. S. Native of Mexico.
tomentum beneath ; petioles biglandular at the top; glands glo- Banistèria albida, Schiede, mss. Sterile filaments longer than
bose h.v.S. Native of Brazil. Petals yellow.
the fertile ones.
Broad-leaved Thryallis. Shrub cl.
Whitened-leaved Gaudichaudia. Shrub cl.
4 T.? BRACHYSTA CHYA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1162.) leaves ovate- Cult. Rather handsome flowering shrubs. They will thrive
lanceolate, glaucous-green above, white beneath; racemes short, in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will
panicled; petioles biglandular at the apex. . v. S. Native
h.v.
strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
of Brazil about Rio Janeiro. Petals yellow, on long claws.
Short-spiked Thryallis. Shrub 4 feet.
XI. CAMAREA (kapapa, camara, an arch?). St. Hil.
Cult. A mixture of loam and peat will suit these plants, and bull. philom. 1823. p. 133. D.C. prod. 1. p. 584.
ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
LIN. SYST.
Hexándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted or 5-
IX. ASPICA'RPA (from aonic, aspis, a shield, and kap-
cleft, with 2 glands at the base of each lobe, but sometimes naked.
καρ-
TOS, karpos, a fruit; form of fruit). Rich. in mem. mus. 2. p.
Petals 5, somewhat perigynous, rather unequal. Stamens 6, 3
399. t. 12. D. C. prod. 1. p. 583.-Acósmus, Desv.
of which are fertile, with the filaments of these almost joined to
Lin. syst. Monándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, conni-
the top and bearing round anthers, the other 3 are hardly con-
vent. Petals wanting. Stamen 1, enclosed. Ovary roundish,
nected at the base, the middle one of these is fertile, the 2 lateral
half-cleft, 2-celled. Style 1, very short, seated in the fissure
ones are sterile, but bearing petal-like twisted masses instead of
of the ovary. Fruit dry, indehiscent, 1-celled from abortion,
anthers. Style 1. Carpels 3, or from abortion only 2, some-
1-seeded. Seeds orbicular, without albumen. Embryo re-
what connate, 1-seeded, indehiscent, crested on the back and
curved, with a basilar radicle, pointing to the hilum.
with a wrinkled crest on the sides. Seeds pendulous at the extre-
1 A. U'RENS (Lag. nov. gen. et spec. 1. no. 5.) H. n. S.
mity of an erect funicle. Albumen wanting. Embryo straight, in-
Native of New Spain. Stem somewhat shrubby, twining, fili-
verted.-Erect shrubs, all natives of Brazil. Flowers of all yellow.
form. Leaves cordate-oval, beset with stinging, hair-like bris-
1 C. HIRSU'TA (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate or oblong, or
tles, which are fixed by their centre, and lie very close. Flowers
ovate-lanceolate, hairy, with silky margins ; umbels terminal.
disposed in axillary bundles, almost sessile, without petals.
h.S. Native of Brazil.
Stinging Aspicarpa. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Sh. tw.
Hairy Camarea. Shrub.
Cult. This plant is hardly worth cultivating except in a bo-
2 C. AXILLA'RIS (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves lanceolate, acute, cor-
tanic garden. It will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat,
date at the base, villous, spreading; flowers solitary, axillary.
and cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
h.S. Native of Brazil.
Axillary-flowered Camarea. Shrub.
X. GAUDICHAU'DIA (in honour of Charles Gaudichaud, 3 C. SERICEA (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves long, linear-lanceolate,
who accompanied Freycinet as naturalist in his voyage round the acute, silky; umbels terminal. h.S. Native of Brazil.
world). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 156. t. 445. Silky-leaved Camarea. Shrub.
St. Hil. bull. philom. 1823. p. 132. D. C. prod. 1. . p.
584.
4 C. ERICOIDES (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves small, linear, narrow,
LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Pentándria. Calyx 5-parted, or 5- crowded; flowers in umbels. h.S. Native of Brazil.
cleft, furnished with 10, but usually with 8, glands on the out- Heath-like Camarea. Shrub.
side. Petals 5, sometimes perigynous, roundish, spreading. 5 C. LINEARIFÒLIA (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves linear, rather distant;
Stamens 5, inserted with the petals; filaments flattened and flowers in umbels. h.S. Native of Brazil.
connate at the base, unequal, two of them bearing smaller Linear-leaved Camarea. Shrub.
anthers than the others, or abortive. Style 1. Carpels 3, free, Cult. Shrubs with rather shewy flowers. They will thrive
a
a
-
1

MALPIGHIACEÆ. XII. HIRÆA.
641
a
1
-
well in a mixture of loam, sand, and peat, and ripened cuttings 8 H. I'NDICA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 90.) leaves ovate, acumi-
will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
nated, shining, smooth; panicles axillary and terminal. h. v.S.
Native of the East Indies on the Circar mountains. Triópteris
Tribe III.
I'ndica, Willd. spec. 2. p. 744.
. 2. p. 744. Roxb. cor. 2. p. 31. t. 160.
BANISTERIEÆ (plants agreeing with Banistèria in many Samaræ 3, oblong. Calyxes pubescent. Flowers white.
important characters). D.C. prod. 1. p. 584. Styles 3, distinct. Indian Hiræa. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
Fruit of 2-3 dry, indehiscent, 1-seeded carpels, which are variously 9 H. ROTUNDIFOLIA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 90.) leaves round.
expanded into wings.-Leaves opposite, very rarely in whorles. ħ. v. S. Native of the East Indies at Chittagong. Flowers
XII. HIRÆA in honour of John Nicholas de la Hire, a white. The carpels are not known.
French physician, member of the Academy of Sciences, who dis- Round-leaved Hiræa. Shrub cl.
-
covered an exudation resembling manna on the leaves of orange 10 H. HIRSU'TA (Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 1. p. 13. t. 13.) leaves
trees; he died in 1727.) H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. obovate, short-acuminated, retusely obcordate at the base, hairy
p. 167. D. C. prod. 1. p. 585.
p
as well as the panicle ; samaræ oblong, naked on the back, emar-
Lin. syst. Monadelphia, Decándria. Calyx of 5 sepals, either ginate at the apex. ß. v. S. Native of the Burman empire on
bearing glands or without. Petals 5, roundish, unguiculate. mountains about Prome and at the bottom of Mount Taong
Stamens 10, with awl-shaped filaments, which are a little con- Dong. Flowers white. This species is easily distinguished by
.
nected at the base, the 5 alternate ones longest. Styles 3. Car- the long and rust-coloured hairs, which cover all its parts, and
pels 3, samaræform, rarely 2, 1-seeded, crested or naked on the nowhere, except on the partial peduncles, mixed with those
back, and surrounded by a membranous wing, usually emarginate, decumbent centrally fixed hairs, so remarkable in the rest of
at both extremities.-Climbing shrubs, all probably with panicles the species.
of white, yellow or reddish flowers.
Hairy Hiræa. Fl. Aug. Shrub cl.
11 H. LANUGINO'SA (Wall
. pl. asiat. rar. 1. p. 13.) leaves ovate-
§ 1. Hiræa (see genus). Jacq. am. 137. D. C. prod. 1.
cordate, attenuated, acuminated, smooth above, but clothed with
p. 585. Calyxes destitute of glands.
adnate wool beneath; samaræ ovate, retuse, naked on the back.
* Carpels roundish.
h.v.S. Native of Nipaul.
1 H. RECLINATA (Jacq. amer. p. 137. t. 176. f. 42. pict. p.
Woolly Hiræa, Fl. June. Shrub cl.
68. t. 260. f. 37.) leaves obovate, blunt at both ends, pubescent
12 H. CORDA'TA (Heyne, ex Wall. 1. c.) leaves cordate, drawn
above and smooth beneath, h.u.S. Native of South America in
out at the apex into a broad, elongated acumen, woolly be-
the woods of Carthagena in New Spain, where it flowers in June.
neath. ħ. v. S. Native of the peninsula of India ? Perhaps
This small tree divides into many bending and reclining branches, only a variety of H. lanuginosa or H. nutans.
Cordate-leaved Hiræa. Shrub cl.
by which it supports itself on the neighbouring trees. Flowers
yellow, an inch in diameter.
§ 2. Mascagnia (probably the name of some botanist known
Reclined-branched Hiræ'a. Fl. July, Aug. Clt.? Tree cl.
.
to Bertero). Bert. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 585. Calyxes bearing
2 H. ODORA'TA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 743.) leaves ovate, acute, glands on the outside.
,
smooth above but downy beneath. h.s. Native of Guinea.
The fruit of Flabellària paniculata, Cav. diss. 9. p. 436. t.
13 H. MACRADE'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 585.) leaves ovate,
acuminated, smooth above, beneath as well as the branchlets and
264. probably belongs to this plant, but the leaves, according to
R. Brown, are probably referable to a species of Pterocarpus. petioles without glands, but are clothed with close-pressed, silky
A reclining shrub with yellow sweet-scented flowers.
villi ; flowers racemose ; pedicels jointed at the base. h. v. S.
Sweet-scented-flowered Hiræa. Clt. 1822. Shrub reclining.
Native of South America at St. Martha. Mascagnia Americana,
3 H. Gla'bra (Spreng. neue. entd. 2. p. 154.) leaves ovate-
Bert. Wings of fruit orbicular and emarginate at both ends.
oblong, smooth on both surfaces, shining ; panicle terminal,
Calyx furnished with large glands. Flowers yellow.
trichotomous; branchlets and calyxes clothed with pressed hairs.
Large-glanded Hiræa. Shrub cl.
h. u. S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow?
14 #. OBLONGIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 585.) leaves ovate-
Smooth-leaved Hiræa. Shrub cl.
oblong, acuminated, smooth, with the nerves and petioles as
4 H. conca'va (Wall
. pl
. rar. asiat
. 1. p. 13.) leaves oblong, panicled; pedicels jointed at the base. nu. $. Native of St,
. p
well as the branchlets clothed with velvety pubescence; flowers
S.
tapering, obtuse, rounded at the base, smooth on both surfaces;
samaræ nearly orbicular, crested on the back. h.ü.S. Native
Martha with the preceding species, to which it is very nearly
of the East Indies in the province of Martaban.
allied. Mascagnia oblongifolia, Bert. ined.
Concave Hiræa. Shrub cl.
Oblong-leaved Hiræa. Shrub cl.
5 H. ORBICULA'TA (Roxb. hort. beng. app. p. 90.) leaves orbi-
15 H. DIVARICA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
cular, villous beneath as well as the panicles ; samaræ orbicular,
169.) leaves oblong, acuminated, acute at the base, somewhat
crested on the back. h. v.S. Native of Chittagong.
quintuple-nerved, smooth ; petioles bearing 3-7 glands; panicles
Orbicular-leaved Hiræa. Shrub cl.
axillary, composed of from 5-7 racemes, which are twice as long
6 H. HYPERICOIDES (Burch. cat. no. 2486 and 2531.) leaves
as the leaves; calyx clothed with close-pressed hairs. h. v. S.
linear, smooth on both surfaces. h.G. Native of the Cape of
Native of South America near Cumana. Flowers pale violet,
Good Hope. Wings of fruit roundish, half orbicular.
Divaricate-branched Hiræa. Shrub cl.
St. John's-wort-like Hiræa. Shrub.
16 H. OVATIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 169.)
leaves ovate, acuminated, rounded at the base, smooth and shin-
** Carpels ovate or oblong.
ing above; petioles glandless; panicles axillary, about equal in
7 H. NUTANS (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 34.) leaves ovate, acu- length with the leaves; fruit orbicular. h. v.S. Native of South
minated, smooth above, but clothed with close-pressed hairs America in shady woods near Cumana. Flowers probably white.
beneath, which are fixed by their centre. h. n. S. Native of Ovate-leaved Hiræa. Shrub cl.
the East Indies in Bengal. Samara 2 or 3, oval-oblong. Flowers
white.
† Species doubtful, the fruit being unknown.
Nodding Hiræa. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl. 17 H.? PRUNIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves elliptical,
VOL. I. -PART VII.
4 N
h.

642
MALPIGHIACEÆ. XII. HiRÆs. XIII. TRIOPTERIS.
acute at both ends, smooth, with glandular margins ; younger ture of loam and peat; and cuttings taken from ripe wood will
ones clothed with close-pressed hairs; petioles with 2 glands in strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. All the species
the middle of each; racemes terminal ; calyxes pubescent and are extremely difficult to bring into flower in this country.
bearing 8 glands. H. v. S. Native of South America in the
province of Caraccas near La Victoria. Flowers white.
Plum-leaved Hiræa. Shrub cl.
XIII. TRIO'PTERIS (from Tpels, treis, three, and arepov,
πτερον,
18 H.? COMPLICATA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves elliptical, pteron, a wing; in allusion to the carpels being each furnished
acute, rounded at the base, somewhat cordate, complicated, with 3 wings). Lin. gen. no. 574. Cav. diss. 9. p. 431.
smooth ; petioles bearing 2-4 glands; racemes terminal and
;
D. C. prod. 1. p. 586.
.
axillary ; calyx silky brown and furnished with 10 glands; Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-parted, each
petals concave, keeled on the back. h.u? S. Native on the segment bearing 2 glands on the outside at the base. Petals 5,
,
banks of the river Orinoco near Carichana.
roundish, unguiculate. Stamens 10, with awl-shaped filaments,
Complicated-leaved Hiræa. Shrub cl.?
which are somewhat connected at the very base, each alternate
19 H.? NITIDA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves ovate-elliptical, one larger than the others, Styles 3. Carpels rather connected
acutish, rounded at the base, somewhat coriaceous, smooth, at the base, 1-seeded, expanded into 3 wings, especially 2 supe-
shining above ; racemes axillary, solitary, and terminal, usually rior and 1 inferior, and sometimes into a small dorsal crest.-
in fives, panicled; calyxes clothed with rusty hairs, and furnished Twining shrubs with yellow flowers.
with 8 glands; petals concave, keeled on the back. ħ.v . S. 1 T. RIGIDA (Swartz, fi. ind. occ. 2. p. 859.) leaves roundish,
Native of South America near St. Barbara at the head of the acuminated, marginated, lined, coriaceous, stiff, very smooth ;
river Orinoco. Flowers white or reddish.
petioles without glands. ..S. Native of St. Domingo on
Shining-leaved Hiræa. Shrub cl.
the mountains among bushes. Branches rather twining. Younger
fruit puberulous. Racemes compound, axillary.
* Mexican species not sufficiently known, but probably be-
Stiff-leaved Triopteris. Shrub tw.
longing to section Mascagnia.
2 T. OVA'TA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 431. t. 259.) leaves ovate,
20 H.? MUCRONA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. bluntish, somewhat cordate, smooth ; petioles bearing 2 glands
D. C. prod. 1. p. 586.) leaves oval, acutely mucronated at the at the top. . n. S. Native of St. Domingo. Panicle terminal.
apex, hardly cordate at the base ; petioles longish, without Ovate-leaved Triopteris. Shrub tw.
glands; pedicels numerous, axillary, 1-flowered. h. v. s.
3 T. LUCIDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
167. t.
Native of Mexico. This plant has the habit of Banistèria, fruit 451.) leaves roundish-elliptical, acute at both ends, coriaceous,
of Hiræ'a, and calyx of Triópteris.
smooth, shining ; petioles without glands; panicles axillary,
Mucronate-leaved Hiræa. Shrub cl.
and terminal, simple. ñ. n. S. Native of Cuba in shady
21 H.? CYCLO'PTERA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. places.
places. Flowers pale-rose coloured.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 586.) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated at both Shining-leaved Triopteris. Shrub tw.
ends, rather villous ; petioles without glands ; peduncles vil- 4 T. HAVANE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves oblong,
lous, axillary, somewhat corymbose. h.
n
S. Native of rather mucronate, acute at the base, coriaceous, smooth, shining;
Mexico. Wings of fruit large, orbicular, as in Hira'a, but the petioles without glands. h. n. S.
n
Native of Cuba near
calyx is biglandular.
Havannah. Flowers and fruit unknown.
Round-winged-fruited Hiræa. Shrub cl.
Havannah Triopteris. Shrub tw.
22 H.? oxy'ota (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. 5 T. JAMAICE'NSIS (Lin. spec. 612.) leaves oblong, acuminated,
prod. 1. p. 586.) leaves oval-oblong, acute, villous, cordate at veiny, smooth, shining; petioles without glands; flowers
the base, with very small, acute auricles; petioles without glands, parted panicles, rising from the upper axils of the leaves and the
,
but are as well as the peduncles villous. h. v. S. Native of tops of the branches. h.n. s. Native of Jamaica in hedges
Mexico. Carpels 3, winged, on a pedicel within the calyx. as well as of Hispaniola. Branches twining.
Calyx biglandular.
Jamaica Triopteris. Clt. 1822. Shrub tw.
Sharp-eared-leaved Hiræa. Shrub cl.
6 T. BRASILIE'NSIS (Poir. dict. 8. p. 105.) leaves ovate-lan-
23 H. PODOCA'RPA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D.C. ceolate, acute, coriaceous, smooth, shining ; petioles short, with-
prod. 1. p. 586.) leaves lanceolate, smooth, on short footstalks ; out glands. h. . S. Native of Brazil.
n
peduncles trifid. h. u? S. Native of Mexico. Carpels 3, Brazilian Triopteris. Shrub tw.
winged, on a pedicel within the calyx. Calyx probably without 7 T. LINGULA'TA (Poir. dict. 8. p. 104.) leaves linear-lingu-
glands.
late, obtuse, mucronate, smooth on both surfaces, shining above.
Foot-fruited Hiræa. Shrub cl.?
h. . S. Native of St. Domingo. Panicle terminal, with very
n
24 H. ACUMINA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. long divaricating branches.
prod. 1. p. 586.) leaves oval, acuminate-mucronate, villous ; Tongue-leaved Triopteris. Shrub tw.
petioles without glands; peduncles villous, twice as long as 8 T. FLORIBU'NDA (Bilberg. in flora. 1821. p. 331.) leaves
leaves, corymbiferous at the top. h. v. S. Native of Mexico. oblong, blunt, smooth. h. n. S. Native of Brazil. Panicle
.
Samaræ 2-winged, emarginate at both ends. Calyx biglandular. terminal.
Acuminated-leaved Hiræa. Shrub cl.
Bundle-flowered Triopteris. Shrub tw.
25 H.? MACRO'PTERA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. 9 T. seríCEA (Lodd. cat. Loud. hort. brit. p. 182.) leaves
D. C. prod. 1. p. 586.) leaves oval, oblong, acuminated at both silky. ħ. . S. Native of South America. This plant is
ends, smooth; petioles bearing 2 glands at the top ; racemes hardly known.
axillary. N. v. S.
s. Native of Mexico. Fruit exactly of Silky-leaved Triopteris. Clt. 1823. Shrub tw.
Hiræa, as painted in Cavanilles, diss. 9. t. 264., but the fruit Cult. Triópteris is a genus of beautiful twining shrubs, but
is 3-times larger. Lobes of calyx coarsely biglandular. are extremely difficult to bring into flower in this country. They
Long-winged-fruited Hira'a. Shrub ci.
cl
will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat; and cuttings
Cult. Hiræa is a genus of climbing or reclining shrubs, with taken from ripened wood will strike root in sand under a hand-
yellow, white or reddish flowers. They will thrive well in a mix- glass, in heat.
3-
а

MALPIGHIACEÆ. XIV. VARGASIA. XV. TETRAPTERIS. XVI. BANISTERIA.
643
.
2.
XIV. VARGA'SIA (probably an alteration from the vernacu- 6 T. CITRIFOLIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 505.) leaves ovate-oblong,
lar name of one of the species in St. Domingo). Bert. ined. acute, smooth; umbels axillary, stalked; wings of fruit twin,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 283. no. 1707.
lower ones one-half shorter than the others. h. v.S. Native of
Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, with-
LIN
Jamaica in the woods on the mountains. Tetrapteris inæqualis,
out glands. Petals almost sessile. Styles joined at the base, Cav. diss. 9. t. 260. Triópteris bifurca, Gaert. fruct. 2. p. 163.
but revolute at the top. Samaræ winged at the apex. Shrubs t. 116. Triópteris citrifolia, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 857.
p
with 3 leaves in a whorl.
Flowers small. Leaves cordate at the base.
1 V. GLA'BRA (Bert. ined. in Spreng. syst. 2. p. 388.) leaves Citron-leaved Tetrapteris. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl.
.
tern, obovate, acute, serrated, very smooth on both surfaces, 7 T. discoLoR (Meyer. esseq. prim. 182. under Triópteris)
veiny; racemes spiked, aggregate, reflexed. hiv. S. Native leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth on both surfaces, discoloured
of St. Domingo. Flowers yellow.
beneath ; umbels panicled, terminal, and axillary. h. S. Na-
Smooth Vargasia. Shrub cl.
tive of Guiana near the Essequebo in sandy woods. Exterior
2 V. TOMENTÒSA (Bert. ined. in Spreng. syst. 2. p. 388.) wings of fruit 3-times larger than the rest.
)
leaves tern, spatulate-oblong, serrulated, clothed with white Discoloured-leaved Tetrapteris. Shrub 6 feet.
down beneath ; racemes aggregate, erect. ħ. v. S. Native of 8 T.? PAUCIKLÒRA (Meyer. prim. esseq. p. 183. under Trióp-
St. Domingo.
teris,) leaves oblong-lanceolate, smooth on both surfaces, on very
Downy Vargasia. Shrub cl.?
short footstalks; umbels axillary, shorter than the leaves. h.
Cult. These climbing shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of S. Native of Guiana in bushy places near the Essequebo.
loam and peat; and ripened cuttings will strike root in sand Few-flowered Tetrapteris. "Shrub cl.
under a hand-glass, in heat.
Cult. This is a genus of rather ornamental shrubs, but ex-
tremely difficult to bring into flower in this country. They
XV. TETRA'PTERIS (from Terpa, tetra, four, and πτερον,
will all thrive in a mixture of sand, loam, and peat; and cuttings,
pteron, a wing; in allusion to the carpels being each expanded taken from ripened wood, will strike root in sand under a hand-
into 4 wings). Cav. diss. 9. p. 433.
4 Cav. diss. 9. p. 433. D. C. prod. 1. p. 587.- glass, in heat.
Triópteris, Willd.
spec. p.
743.
LIN. SYST. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-parted; each XVI. BANISTE`RIA (in honour of John Baptist Banister,
segment furnished with 2 glands at the base. Petals roundish, a traveller in Virginia in the 17th century, author of a catalogue
unguiculate. Stamens 10, with awl-shaped filaments, which are of Virginian plants, inserted in Ray's Historia Plantarum). H. B.
a little joined together at the base, each alternate one longer than et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 161. D. C. prod. 1. p. 587.-
the others. Carpels expanded each into 4 oblong wings, 2 su- Banistèria with unconnected fruit, Lin. gen. no. 573. Cav. diss.
perior, 2 inferior; these last are usually smaller. Petioles with- 9. p. 421.
out glands. Flowers of all yellow.—Shrubs twining or climbing. LIN. Syst. Monadelphia, Decúndria. Calyx 5-parted (f.109. a.)
1 T. BUXIFÒLIA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 434. t. 262. f. 1.) leaves furnished with 8 or 10 glands on the outside at the base. Petals
ovate, obtuse, almost sessile, small, very smooth; flowers in roundish, unguiculate (f. 109. b.). Stamens 10 (f. 109. c.), with
umbels, terminal. h. v. S. Native of St. Domingo. Triópteris awl-shaped filaments, which are a little joined at the base (f. 109.
buxifòlia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 745. Leaves 8 or 9 lines long and c.) Styles 3 (f. 109. d.), usually expanded into a leaflet at the
5 or 6 broad. Wings of fruit purplish.
apex. Carpels 3, indehiscent (f. 109. f.), 1-seeded, somewhat
Box-leaved Tetrapteris. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
distinct, and are at length separable, each ending in a mem-
2 T. ACAPULCE'NSIS (H. B, et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
branous wing (f. 109. a.), thickened on the upper part (f. 109. d.
168.) leaves ovate-elliptical, obtuse, on very short stalks, cor- Seed pendulous, 1 in each cell. Cotyledons thick, unequal. Ra-
date, coriaceous, shining, smooth; umbels axillary, solitary, 4- dicle pointing towards the hilum.-Trees or shrubs, usually
flowered. h. v. S. Native of Mexico near Acapulca on the climbing. Flowers of all yellow.
sea-shore. Flowers unknown, but probably yellow.
Acapulca Tetrapteris. Shrub cl.
* Leaves cordate at the base, lobed, or angularly toothed.
3 T. MUCRONATA (Cav. diss. 9. t. 262. f. 2.) leaves ovate, 1 B. PALMA'TA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 430. t. 257. f. 2.) leaves pal-
mucronately acuminated, on short footstalks, very smooth ; pa- mately cleft
, downy beneath, with acuminated lobes ; petioles
nicles axillary, somewhat umbellate at the tops of the branches. biglandular at the top. H.^.S. Native of St. Domingo and
ħ. U.S. Native of Cayenne. Triópteris acuminata, Willd. spec. Cayenne. Perhaps only a variety of B. angulòsa. Flowers
2. p.745. Petioles 3 lines long. Leaves 4 inches long and 2 sulphur-coloured.
broad.
Palmate-leaved Banisteria. Shrub tw.
Mucronate-leaved Tetrapteris. Shrub cl.
2 B. ANGULÒSA (Lin. spec. 611.) leaves cordate, bluntly an-
4 T. ACUTIFÒLIA (Cav. diss. 9. t. 261.) leaves ovate-lanceolate, gular, rather fiddle-shaped, downy or silky-pubescent beneath ;
acuminated, with the middle nerve beneath clothed with close- petioles biglandular at the apex. H. n. S. Native of St. Do-
pressed hairs which are fixed by their centre ; panicles terminal. mingo
and Cayenne.—Plum. ed. Burm. t. 92. Cav. diss. 9. t.
h. U.S. Native of Cayenne. Triópteris acutifolia, Willd. spec. 252. Flowers sulphur-coloured.
744. Cavanilles says that his plant is smooth. It is there- Angular-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl.
fore perhaps distinct, or the hairs are omitted in the description, 3 B. SINUA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 588.) leaves cordate, ovate-
or they may be deciduous.
roundish, very bluntly sinuated, smooth above, and scarcely
Acute-leaved Tetrapteris. Shrub cl.
pubescent beneath ; petioles biglandular at the apex. h. . S.
5 T. SCHIEDIA'NA (Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa. 5. p. 218.) Native of Guiana. Flowers yellow. Carpels on the inner side
leaves lanceolate, acuminate, acute, on short petioles, smoothish, have a larger appendage than in B. angulòsa, with the lateral
middle nerve strigose; umbels usually 4-flowered, panicled at wings almost reduced to a crest.
the apex ; fruit with equal sides. h. u.s. Native of Mexico
.
Scolloped-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl.
near Jalapa. Flowers orange-coloured. Differs from T. acuti- 4 B. VARIIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 588.) leaves cordate,
fòlia in the leaves being one-half smaller.
clothed with hoary down beneath, some of which are ovate and
Schiede's Tetrapteris. Shrub cl.
undivided, others are 3-lobed, and acute at the apex; petioles
4 N 2
2. p. 744.
1

644
MALPIGHIACEÆ. XVI. BANISTERIA.
ܪ
.
biglandular at the top. h. . S. Native of South America at
..
short footstalks; racemes terminal. ... Native of Caro-
St. Martha. B. diversifòlia, Bert. ined. but not of Kunth. B. lina?. Flowers yellow.
vitifolia, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. is probably the same. Small-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl.
B. vària, Spreng. syst. 2. p.
386.
14 B.? UMBELLUTA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 588.) leaves ellip-
Various-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl.
tical, rounded at the base, emarginate at the apex, smooth on
5 B. SAGITTA'TA (Cav. diss. 9. t. 257. f. 3.) leaves hastately both surfaces, stiffish; petioles short, each bearing 2 glands
sagittate, downy beneath, acutely angular ; petioles biglandular near the leaf; umbels rather corymbose, terminal.
h.a.s.
at the apex; auricles truncate. h. . S. Native of St. Do- Native of St. Domingo. This plant is probably the same as
mingo. Flowers yellow.
the preceding, but differs in the disposition of the flowers, and
Arrow-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl.
the fruit is unknown.
Umbellutate-flowered Banisteria. Shrub cl.
** Leaves cordate, entire.
15 B.? FLORIBU'NDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 589.) leaves oval,
obtuse, coriaceous and emarginate, smooth ; petioles pubescent,
6 B. AURICULA'TA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 428. t. 255.) leaves pro-
foundly cordate, somewhat sagittate, smooth, with rounded lobes ;
without glands; racemes corymbose, stalked, length of leaves.
h. n. S. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers large, numerous,
petioles glandular at the apex; flowers umbellate. h.^.S.
Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers orange-coloured.
yellow.
Bundle-flowered Banisteria. Shrub cl.
Eared-leaved Banisteria. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
16 B. SERICEA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 429. t. 258.) leaves ovate,
7 B. CILIA'TA (Cav. diss. 9. t. 254. Lam. dict. 1. p. 369.)
leaves cordate, orbicular, smooth, ciliated; petioles biglandular obtuse, with a mucrone, younger ones downy on both surfaces
,
adult ones only on the under surface; petioles biglandular in the
at the apex; flowers umbellate. h. n. S. Native of Brazil.
Flowers large, orange-coloured. Leaves glaucous.
middle ; branches 2-edged ; flowers racemose. h. n. S. Native
of Brazil. The down on the leaves is of a golden-shining colour.
Ciliated-leaved Banisteria. Clt. 1796. Shrub cl.
Flowers yellow.
8 B. SPLE'NDENS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 588.) leaves cordate, kid-
ney-shaped, orbicular, clothed with silky down beneath ; petioles
Silky-leaved Banisteria. Clt. 1810. Shrub cl.
each with 2 glands near the leaf; racemes axillary, dichotomous,
17 B.? TOMENTO'SA (Desf. cat. 160.) leaves ovate, obtuse,
umbellate. h. n. S. Native of South America, particularly
with a mucrone, clothed with branched down beneath ; petioles
of the West India islands.--Sloan. hist. 2. t. 162. f. 2. B. fül-
each bearing 2 glands near the leaf; corymbs rather panicled.
h.n. S. Native of the Antilles. Stamens 15, monadelphous
gens, Lam. dict. 1. p. 368. Cav. diss. 9.
Cav. diss. 9. p. 426. t. 253. B.
at the base, the 5 in front of the petals are larger than the rest,
heterophylla, Willd. spec, 2. p. 742. Floral leaves orbicular and
nearly sessile. Flowers yellow.
which are nearly abortive. Flowers yellow.
Shining-leaved Banisteria. Clt. 1812. Shrub cl.
Downy-leaved Banisteria. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
18 B. TILIÆFÒLIA (Vent. choix. t. 50.) leaves orbicular, acu-
9 B. HUMBOLDTIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 588.) leaves roundish-
ovate, cordate, rather acuminated, mucronate, membranaceous,
minated, downy beneath ; petioles elongated, each bearing 2
smoothish above, clothed beneath with soft hoary down as well
glands near the leaf; umbels axillary, stalked, compound;
as the branchlets, with 2 glands at the base of each leaf; umbels petals nearly sessile. hin? S. Native of Java. Flowers
lateral and terminal, sessile. h. n. S. Native of South Ame-
purple.
Lime-tree-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl.?
rica between Carthagena and Cerro de la Popa. B. tiliæfòlia,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 162. but not of Vent.
19 B. QUAPA'RA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 464. t. 186.) leaves ovate,
Flowers yellow. Carpels 2.
acute, downy beneath, as well as the petioles, but beset with
Humboldt's Banisteria. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
hairs above, which are fixed by their centre, and drawn out at
10 B. DICHOTOMA (Lin. spec. 612.) leaves cordate or some-
both ends, which are close-pressed to the leaf; umbels axillary,
what ovate, acuminated, smooth on both surfaces; petioles each
stalked; wings of fruit erect. h. n. S. Native of Guiana,
bearing 2 glands near the leaf; umbels axillary, longer than
on margins of fields, where it is called Quapara. Flowers yellow.
the leaves, dichotomous, somewhat divaricating. Đ. n. S.
This is a shrub 6 feet in height, putting out many rambling
h.n.
branches.
Native of South America. - Plum. ed. Burm. t. 13. B. convol-
vulifolia, Cav. diss. 9. p. 428. t. 256. Flowers of a golden-yel-
Var. B, mucronulàta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 589.) leaves smaller,
low colour.
mucronate. h.n. S. Native of South America.
Dichotomous-racemed Banisteria. Shrub cl.
Quapara Banisteria. Fl. Aug. Shrub cl.
11 B. TIMORIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 588.) leaves cordate,
20 B. SINEMARIE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 462. t. 185.) leaves
rarely subovate, acuminated, smooth on both surfaces; petioles
ovate, acuminated, smooth above, but covered with close-pressed
biglandular at the apex ; racemes axillary, shorter than the
bristles beneath, which are fixed by their centre, as well as the
leaves, dichotomous, somewhat umbellate. ħ. n. S. Native of petioles, which also bear 2 glands near the leaf; corymbs race-
the Island of Timor. Very like the preceding species. Flowers
mose, axillary, on long stalks. h..s. Native of Guiana on
golden-yellow.
the margins of meadows, and of St. Domingo. Cav. diss. 9. t.
Timor Banisteria. Shrub cl.
251. Flowers yellow.
12 B. EMARGINA'TA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 425. t. 249.) leaves ellip-
Sinemarian Banisteria. Shrub cl.
tical, cordate at the base, mucronated at the
21 B.? LAURIFO'LIA (Lin. spec. 611.) leaves ovate-oblong,
and emarginate,
apex
downy beneath; petioles short, each bearing 2 glands near the
acute, somewhat coriaceous, smooth ; petioles without glands;
leaf; racemes terminal and axillary. þ.m. . Native of Gua-
racemes panicled, terminal, clothed with rusty down; stigmas
daloupe. Flowers yellow.
halved. þ.e. s. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo among
Emarginate-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl.
bushes on the mountains. Ker, bot. reg. 937. Perhaps a species
of Heterópteris. Flowers yellow.
** * Leaves ovate or oblong.
Laurel-leaved Banisteria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1733. Shrub
climbing
13 B. MICROPHY'LLA (Jacq. obs. 3. p. 7. t. 56.) leaves ellip- 22 B. MURICA'TA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 423. t. 246. f. 2.) leaves
tical, rounded at both ends, smooth on both surfaces, stiff, on ovate, downy beneath, on short footstalks ; racemes panicled,
-

MALPIGHIACEÆ. XVI. BANISTERIA.
645
)
terminal; carpels armed with a short prickle on the inside of each. Armed Banisteria. Shrub?
h.s. Native of Peru. Flowers yellow.
30 B.? FAGIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 590.) leaves oval-ob-
Prickly-carpelled Banisteria. Shrub ?
long, acuminated, smooth, with the middle nerve clothed beneath
23 B. LEÓNA (Cav. diss. 9. p.
FIG. 109.
with close-pressed villi ; petioles biligulate at the apex; corymbs
424. t. 247. exclusive of the fruit
axillary, dichotomous. n. S. Native of Cayenne. Flowers
.
and American species,) leaves
yellow.
a
ovate-oblong, acuminated, coria-
Beach-leaved Banisteria. Shrub ?
ceous, netted with veins, smooth,
31 B. ELLIPTICA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 161.)
somewhat glaucescent beneath ;
-3
leaves elliptical, rounded at both ends, pointed, membranous,
petioles without glands, short;
smooth above, but clothed with adpressed hairs beneath, as well
panicles clothed with rufous down,
as the branches, and bearing 2 sessile glands at the base of each
terminal. h.s. Native of Sierra
leaf; umbels axillary, few-flowered. h. n. S. Native of Peru
Leone among bushes near the
near Loxa. Flowers probably yellow.
river side. Flowers yellow. Fruit
Elliptical-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl.
brown when ripe.
32 B. LONGIFOLIA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 856.) leaves ob-
Sierra Leone Banisteria. Fl.
long, rounded at the base, acuminated at the apex, stiff
, shining,
Jan. March. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
on short footstalks ; panicles terminal, with very wide-spread-
24 B. MULTIFLORA (D. C. prod.
ing branches. h.s. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Flowers
1. p. 589.) leaves ovate-oblong,
d
yellow.
acuminated, coriaceous, netted
Long-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl. ?
with veins, smooth, shining above,
33 B. PICTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 160.)
glaucous beneath ; petioles without glands, short ; panicles ter- leaves oblong, narrowed, and acute at the apex, but rounded at
minal, clothed with rufous down, longer than the leaves; young the base, thickish, smooth above, but clothed with adpressed
fruit velvety. ħ.S. Native of Cayenne. Very like B. Leòna. hairs beneath, each bearing 2 pea-like glands at the base ;
Flowers yellow.
flowers terminal, umbellately-crowded. ñ. . S. Native of
Many-flowered Banisteria. Shrub 6 feet.
New Spain between Carthagena and Panama in humid places.
25 B. MUCRONA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 589.) leaves oval, acu- Flowers yellow.
minated-mucronate, smooth on both surfaces, membranous ; pe- Painted Banisteria. Shrub cl.
tioles short, each bearing 2 glands at the apex, and are, as well 34 B. MACROCA'RPA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 507.) leaves oblong,
as the nerves of the leaves, clothed with close-pressed down; acuminated ; spikes of flowers compound; wings of fruit very
corymbs axillary, few-flowered. h. n. S. Native of New Spain. broad, obliquely rounded. h.s. Native of Martinico.
Flowers yellow.
Large-fruited Banisteria. Shrub.
Mucronate-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl.
35 B. LEDIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.159.)
26 B. FERRUGÍNEA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 424. t. 248.) leaves ovate, leaves oblong-linear, rounded at both ends, somewhat mucronate,
acuminated, smooth above, and shining, rusty beneath, and are, coriaceous, smooth, shining above; petioles clothed with silky
as well as the petioles, clothed with close-pressed hairs; glands down; peduncles terminal and axillary, many-flowered. h.
situated on the lower part of the limb of the leaf; racemes n. S. Native of Cuba near Havannah. Flowers yellow.
panicled; fruit pubescent, with erect wings. Þ.n. S. Native Ledum-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl.
of Brazil. Leaves 2 inches long. Flowers yellow.
36 B. SALICIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 390.) leaves oblong,
Var. B, fúlgens (Meyer. prim. esseq. p. 181.) leaves 5 or 6 acute at both ends, clothed with silky down beneath, bearing 2
inches long. h.. S.
h.^.s. tive of Guiana in woods. Flowers glands at the top of each petiole ; racemes axillary, somewhat
yellow.
compound, length of leaves. ñ. n. S. Native of Brazil.
Rusty-leaved Banisteria. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
Leaves irregularly opposite, therefore somewhat alternate.
27 B. PERIPLOCÆFÒLIA (Desf. cat. hort. par. ed. 2. p. 160.) Flowers yellow.
leaves ovate or oblong, mucronated, somewhat coriaceous, smooth Willow-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl.
on both surfaces; petioles each bearing 2 glands at the apex ; 37 B. DIVERSIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen, amer. 5. p.
corymbs terminal ; carpels hairy, and crested at the base. h. n. 159.) leaves elliptical-oblong, ovate-lanceolate or lanceolate,
..
s. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers yellow.
somewhat mucronate, rounded at the base, coriaceous, smooth
subováta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 589.) leaves ovate-ob- and shining above, puberulous beneath, each with 2 sessile
long.
glands at the base ; peduncles terminal, twin, many-flowered.
Var. B, angustifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 590.) leaves oblong- h.. S. Native of Cuba in dry places near Havannah.
linear.
Diverse-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl.
Periploca-leaved Banisteria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. 38 B. PAUCIFLÓRA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 159.)
Shrub cl.
leaves elliptical-oblong, somewhat pointed, mucronate, rounded
28 B. FU'LGENS (Lin. spec. 612. but not of Cav.) leaves ovate, at the base, coriaceous, puberulous above, and pubescent be-
acuminated, smooth above, and clothed with silky pubescence neath, each furnished with 2 stipitate glands towards the base ;
beneath, as well as the petioles, each of which bear 2 glands at umbels terminal. ħ.s. Native of Cuba near Havannah.
the
apex; branches dichotomous ; flowers in umbellate corymbs ; Flowers yellow.
fruit pubescent; wings furnished on the inside with a smaller Few-flowered Banisteria. Shrub cl. ?
wing. h. n. S. Native of Guadaloupe. Flowers yellow. 39 B. OVA'TA (Cav. diss. 9. p. 429. t. 257. f. 1.) leaves
Fulgent Banisteria.
Clt. 1759. Shrub cl.
ovate-lanceolate, acute, pubescent beneath ; petioles each bear-
29 B. ? BRACHIA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 590.) leaves oval, ing 2 glands at the
ing 2 glands at the apex ; umbels terminal ; fruit hemispherical,
;
acuminated, smooth on both surfaces; petioles without glands ; with very short wings. Þ.S. Native of the Island of Domi-
panicles terminal, furnished with round, opposite bracteas ; nique. Vent. choix. in a note, no. 51. t. 51. A. Flowers of a
ovaries pubescent. ħ. S. Native of Porto-Rico. Flowers reddish-sulphur colour, with yellow anthers.
yellow.
Ovate-leaved Banisteria. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1810. Shrub cl.
Var. a,
,

646
MALPIGHIACEÆ. XVI. BANISTERIA. XVII. HETEROPTERIS.
-
40 B. MACRADE'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 590.) leaves oval, to bring into flower in this country. They will grow in sandy
.
bluntly acuminated, coriaceous, smooth on both surfaces ; pe- loam, or a mixture of loam and peat, and cuttings taken from
tioles without glands ; racemes numerous, disposed in a panicle, ripened wood will strike root freely in sand under a hand-glass,
and clothed with rufous down ; glands of calyx very large. h.s. in heat.
Native of Cayenne or French Guiana. Flowers yellow.
Var. ß, Guadalupénsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 590.) racemes large, XVII. HETERO'PTERIS (from étepos, heteros, various,
elongated ; leaves larger, adult fruit also velvety. N.S. Native and
attepov, pteron, a wing; wings of carpels various in size and
of Guadaloupe. Flowers yellow.
shape). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 163. D. C. prod.
Large-glanded Banisteria. Shrub cl. ?
1. p. 591.–Banistèrias, with inverted seeds, Cav.
41 B. EGLANDULÒSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 590.) leaves oval- LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. The character of this
oblong, acuminated, smooth and shining above; petioles and genus is the same as that of Banistèria, but the styles are less
calyxes without glands; racemes panicled, terminal, rusty-vel- dilated at the apex, and the wings of the carpels are thickened
vety. Ñ..S. Native of Cayenne or French Guiana. Flowers on the lower side (as in A'cer,), not on the upper side.
yellow. Ovary hairy. Styles scarcely dilated at the apex. 1 H. PURPU'REA (H. B. et Kunth, l. c.) leaves roundish-ovate,
Fruit unknown.
obtuse, somewhat emarginate, smooth, as well as the branches;
Glandless Banisteria. Shrub cl.
petioles biglandular ; racemes axillary and terminal, few-flower-
42 B.? ORINOCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. ed; calyxes clothed with adpressed hairs. h... S. Native
162.) leaves oblong, acute, rounded at the base, coriaceous, of St. Domingo, Porto-Rico, and near Cumana. Banistèria
smooth, as well as the branchlets ; racemes about 5, seated on a purpurea, Lin. spec. 611. Cav. diss. t. 246. f. 1.-Plum. ed.
common, terminal peduncle. ñ .. S. Native of South Ame- burm. t. 15. Flowers purple.
rica on the banks of the river Orinoco near St. Borga. This Purple-flowered Heteropteris. Clt. 1759. Shrub cl.
plant is probably a species of Hiræa. Flowers yellow.
2 H.? PARVIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 591.) leaves roundish,
Orinoco Banisteria. Shrub cl.
stiff, pubescent; petioles without glands; corymbs few-flowered,
43 B.? BRACHY'PTERA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 591.) leaves oblong-terminal ; fruit pubescent. h...S. Native of the Island of
lanceolate, acuminated, smooth ; petioles without glands; St.
St. Thomas. Flowers purple. Very like H. purpúrea in habit.
branchlets compressed ; umbels terminal, 4-flowered ; carpels Banistèria parvifòlia, Vent. choix. t. 51.
2-3, each terminated by a thick, short wing. n. S. Native of Small-leaved Heteropteris. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
Cayenne. This plant will probably constitute a distinct genus. 3 H. BRACHIA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves obovate, ob-
Flowers yellow.
tuse; branches armed; flowering branches panicled. h. n. S.
...
Short-winged-carpelled Banisteria. Shrub.
Native of South America. Banistèria brachiàta, Lin. spec. 612.
44 B.? PANICULATA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Lin. hort. cliff. 169?. Flowers golden, but at length fade to
D. C. prod. 1. p. 591.) leaves oblong, acuminated; petioles scarlet.
without glands ; peduncles and nerves of leaves clothed with Armed-panicled Heteropteris. Clt. 1759. Shrub cl.
rusty down; panicle terminal, branched from the base ; wings of 4 H. CHRYSOPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves ovate,
fruit divaricating, somewhat concave, and spreading horizontally. oblong, acutish, somewhat sinuated towards the top, clothed be-
K. S. Native of Mexico. Flowers yellow? This plant will neath with golden, shining down; petioles very short, each bear-
probably constitute a distinct genus from the wings of the fruit. ing 2 glands at the apex; flowers axillary, corymbose. ħ. 2. S.
h
Panicled Banisteria. Shrub.
Native of Brazil and of the Caraccas. Banistèria chrysophylla,
45 B.? PUBIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 591.) leaves oval-ob- Lam. dict. 1. p. 368. Cav. diss. 9. t. 245. Jacq. schoenb. t. 105.
long, acuminated, coriaceous, smooth ; petioles without glands; Galphìmia chrysophylla, Spreng. Flowers deep-orange.
panicle terminal, much-branched, many-flowered, and are, as Golden-leaved Heteropteris. Clt. 1793. Shrub cl.
well as the calyxes, clothed with brown-velvety down.
h.s.
5 H. ARGE'NTEA (H. B. et Kunth, l. c.) leaves elliptical-ob-
Native of Porto-Rico and Guadaloupe. Flowers yellow. long, acuminated, acute at the base, membranous, pubescent
Downy-flowered Banisteria. Shrub?
above, silvery beneath, as well as the calyxes ; petioles without
glands ; panicles axillary and terminal; flowers in crowded fas-
+ Species little known, with whorled leaves; these belong most
cicles. hins. Native of New Granada. Banistèria argentea,
probably to Vargàsia of Bert. .
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 388. Flowers rose-colour.
Silvery-leaved Heteropteris. Shrub cl.
46 B.? BRE'VIPES (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. 6 H. CÆRU'LEA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves ovate, acute,
prod. 1. p. 591.) leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, mucronate, rather
.
coriaceous, glaucous, on short stalks ; branches tubercled;
cordate at the base, villous, 8 times longer than the petiole ; racemes axillary; fruit rather velvety at the base.
corymbs axillary, few-flowered. h..s. Native of Mexico. Native of Jamaica, Cuba, and St. Domingo. Banistèria cærulea,
Fruit unknown. Flowers yellow.
Lam. dict. 1. p. 367. Cav. diss. 9. p. 421. t. 243.- Plum. ed.
Short-stalked Banisteria. Shrub cl.
Burm. t. 14. Flowers bluish.
47 B.? TERNA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. Blue-flowered Heteropteris. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
prod. 1. p. 591.) leaves 3 in a whorl, ovate, rather cordate at 7 H. NITIDA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves ovate-oblong,
the base, mucronately-acuminated, smooth, 3 times longer than acuminated, shining above, silvery beneath; petioles without
the petiole; umbels axillary, trichotomous. h. n. s. Native glands ; panicle terminal, leafy. n. S. Native of Brazil.
of Mexico. Fruit unknown. Flowers yellow.
Banistèria nítida, Lam. dict. 1. p. 369. Cav. diss. 9. t. 244.
Ternate-leaved Banisteria. Shrub cl.
Flowers yellow.
N.B. B. aculeàta of Mill. which has pinnated leaves and
Var. B, rúfa (Lindl. bot. reg. t. 950.) leaves rufous beneath.
Native of Brazil.
axillary prickles, should be removed from this order, but the
plant is hardly known.
Shining-leaved Heteropteris. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1809.
Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
Cult. This genus of shrubs bear for the most part rather 8 H.? CORNIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves elliptical,
ornamental flowers and leaves, but they are extremely difficult acute at both ends, smooth and shining above, but clothed with
a
.
n.ns.

MALPIGHIACEÆ. XVII. HETEROPTERIS. XVIII. ANOMALOPTERIS.
XVIII. ANOMALOPTERIS. XIX. NIOTA. ACERINEÆ.
647
p. 14.
a
--
adpressed hairs beneath, and rather glaucous; petioles without 592.-Samadèra, Gært. fruct. 2. p. 352. t. 156.-Biporièia, Pet.
glands ; panicles axillary and terminal ; flowers in racemose Th.
gen.
mad.
corymbs ; calyxes silky. h.s. Native of New Granada near Lin. syst. Octo-Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-parted,
Ibague. Banistèria cornifòlia, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 388. Flowers permanent, with the 2 outer lobes glandular. Petals 4-5, ob-
rose-coloured.
tuse, much longer than the calyx. Stamens 8-10, free, hypo-
Dogwood-leaved Heteropteris. Shrub.
gynous, furnished with a scale at the base. Ovary turbinate, 4
9 8. PLATYÖPTERA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 592.) leaves ovate-ob- or 5-lobed at the apex. Style 1, filiform, rising from between
long, blunt at both ends, coriaceous, smooth ; petioles very the lobes. Capsules 4-5, or from abortion only 1-3, compressed,
short, without glands ; panicles terminal ; wings of fruit broad. 1-celled, 1-seeded.—Shrubs, with alternate leaves. Perhaps
h.s. Native of Guadaloupe. Leaves 7-8 inches long, and this genus is allied to Banistèria or Balanópteris. But accord-
about 3 in breadth. Flowers yellow.
ing to Jussieu the fruit is referable to Ochnàceæ or Simarubàceæ.
Broad-winged-fruited Heteropteris. Shrub.
1 N. TETRAPE'TALA (Lam. ill. t. 299.) flowers 4-petalled,
10 H. APPENDICULA'TA (D. Č. prod. 1. p. 592.) leaves oval, octandrous. n. S. Native of Madagascar. Mauduìta pen-
lengthened into a blunt acumen, somewhat coriaceous, smooth duliflòra, Comm. ined. Vittmánnia ellíptica, Vahl. symb. 3. p.
above, and pale beneath, with the nerves clothed with adpressed 51. t. 62. Leaves oval, rather coriaceous, veiny. Lateral pe-
hairs; petioles very short, without glands ; corymbs axillary; duncles nodding, bearing 5-7 1-flowered pedicels at the top.
carpels each with a wing-like appendage on the inside at the Flowers with the petals yellow, red, and white mixed.
base. h.n? S. Native of the Island of St. Vincent, where it Four-petalled Niota. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet.
is probably cultivated. Banistèria appendiculàta, Lamb. herb. 2 N. PENTAPEʼTALA (Poir. dict. 4. p. 490.) flowers of 5 petals,
Flowers yellow?
pentandrous. h.S. Native of Malabar.-Karin njòtti, Rheed.
Appendiculate-carpelled Heteropteris. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.? mal. 6, t. 18. Peduncles long, pendulous, nodding, umbellately
11 H.? FLORIBU'NDA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. many-flowered. Perhaps only a variety of the preceding. Flowers
166.) leaves oblong, acute at both ends, somewhat coriaceous, variegated.
variegated. Fruit intensely bitter.
smooth ; branches and petioles clothed with rusty down, as well Five-petalled Niota. Tree 36 feet.
as the axillary and terminal panicles; petioles without glands. Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and
h.S. Native of Mexico on the mountains. Very like H. ce- peat, and cuttings taken from ripened wood will root in sand
rulea, but the fruit is unknown. Flowers bluish ?
under a hand-glass, in heat.
Bundle-flowered Heteropteris. Clt. 1824. Shrub.
12 H.? LONGIFO'LIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves oblong,
ORDER XLVI. ACERI'NEÆ. D. C. Theor. ed. 2. p. 477.
acute at both ends, rather coriaceous, smooth ; petioles without
glands; panicles axillary, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed
A'cera, Juss. gen. 50. ann. mus. 18. p. 477. exclusive of sec-
with rusty down, glandular ; flowers racemose. his. Native tions 1 and 3. D. C. prod. 1. p. 593.—A'cer, Tourn. inst. 386.
near the city of Mexico. Flowers yellow?
Lin. gen. no. 1115. Gært. fruct. 2. p. 166. t. 116.
Long-leaved Heteropteris. Shrub.
Calyx 5, rarely 4-9-parted. Petals about the same number,
Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in sandy loam, or a
mixture of loam, peat, and sand; and cuttings taken from
inserted round the hypogynous disk, alternating with the caly-
ripened wood will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
cine lobes, usually self-coloured, rarely wanting. Stamens in-
serted in the hypogynous disk, usually 8 in number, rarely 5-12;
XVIII. ANOMALO'PTERIS (from avouos, anomos, sin- anthers oblong. Ovary twin. Style 1. Stigmas 2.
Fruit
gular, and tepov, pteron, a wing; fruit with unequal wings.) constantly of 2 carpels (rarely 3), which are at length separable,
LIN. SYST. Decándria, Digýnia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5,
unguiculate, with roundish, fringed limbs, upper one largest.
indehiscent, samara-like, 1-celled, 1-2-seeded, compressed, end-
Stamens 10. Anthers sagittate, obtuse. Styles 2, filiform. ing at top in a membranous, diverging wing, which is thickened
Samaræ 2, 1-seeded, each ending in a wing at the apex, thickened on the outer side. Seeds oblong, fixed to the base of the cell.
on the outer side.-Shrubs with alternate leaves, by which it dif- Seed-cover rather fleshy. Albumen wanting. Embryo curved
fers from all the rest of the genera in this order, and yellow or convolute, with leafy, irregularly-wrinkled cotyledons and
flowers.
1 A. SPICA'TA ; leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, smooth, en-
a roundish radicle, which is directed to the base of the cell.
tire; racemes simple, spike-formed, terminal. h.s. Native
Valuable timber-trees, with opposite, usually simple leaves, as
of Sierra Leone. Heteropteris Smeathmánni, D. C. prod. 1. p.
in Malpighiàceæ, rarely compound, as in Hippocastàneæ and
592. (v. s. herb. Lamb.)
Sapindàceæ. Flowers inconspicuous, racemose or corymbose,
Spiked-flowered Anomalopteris. Shrub 8 feet.
axillary, usually dioecious or polygamous from abortion, and
2 A. OBOVA'TA ; leaves obovate, entire, rounded at the top,
veiny, smooth ; petioles covered with rusty down, as well as the
sometimes without petals. All the species abound in saccharine
racemes, which are simple and lateral. h.s. Native of Sierra sap, from which sugar may be prepared. This order is truly
Leone. (v. s. herb. Lamb.)
intermediate between the two preceding and the two following,
Obovate-leaved Anomalopteris. Shrub 6 to 8 feet.
but is easily distinguished from them in the flowers being mo-
3 A. LONGIFÒLIA ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, with re-
pand margins ; flowers in terminal spicate racemes. n. S. Na-
noecious, dioecious or polygamous, never hermaphrodite.
tive of Guinea. Flowers pale-yellow.
Long-leaved Anomalopteris. Shrub 8 feet.
Synopsis of the Genera.
Cult. See Heterópteris for cultivation and propagation. 1 Acer. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-lobed. Stamens
genus
allied to Malpighiàcea.
7-9, rarely 5. Leaves simple, usually lobed.
XIX. NIO'TA (Karin njotti is the name of one of the N.
Flowers dioecious. Calyx unequally 4-5-
pentapétala in Malabar). Lam. ill. t. 299. D. C. prod. 1. p. toothed. Anthers 4-5, linear, sessile. Leaves pinnate.
2 NEGU'NDO.
а
+ A

648
ACERINEÆ. I. ACER.
mss.
3 DOBINEA. Flowers monoecious. Calyx campanulate, 4- Hybrid Maple. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Tree 20 feet.
toothed. Stamens 8, connate into a column around the sterile
*** Leaves 5-lobed.
style. Leaves simple.
7 A. PSEU'DO-PLA’TANUS (Lin. spec. 1469.) leaves cordate,
I. ACER (acer, in Latin, signifies hard or sharp, which
,
smooth, with 5 acuminated, unequally-toothed lobes ; racemes
comes from ac, a point, in Celtic. The name is applied to this
The name is applied to this pendulous, rather compound, with the rachis as well as the fila-
genus because the wood is extremely hard, and was formerly
ments of stamens hairy; fruit smooth, with the wings rather
much sought after for the purpose of making pikes and lances, diverging. Þ.H. Native of Europe, particularly in Switzer-
&c.). Moench. meth. 334. and Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 253. land, Germany, Austria, and Italy in wooded mountainous situa-
tions. Duh. arb. 1. t. 36. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 2. with a figure.
-Acer, spec. Lin. gen. no. 1115. D. C. prod. 1. p. 593.
.
.
LIN. Syst. Polygàmia, Monoècia. Flowers polygamous.
Schm. arb. 1. p. 3.4. Flowers yellowish-green. A large tree,
Calyx 5-lobed, sometimes 5-parted. Stamens rarely 5, but
usually clear of branches to a considerable height. It was for-
usually 7-9. Leaves simple, usually lobed. Flowers of all
merly much planted for walks and avenues, but
has given way to
better and more sightly trees.
However this tree with some
greenish or greenish-yellow.
other species are peculiarly proper for making plantations near
$
§ 1. Flowers racemose.
the sea, or to shelter other trees in that situation, for they resist
* Leaves simple.
the spray better than most trees. It grows sometimes to 13 or
14 feet in girth.
Before earthenware came into use at the
1 A. OBLONGUM (Wall. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 593.) leaves table, the wood of the Sycamore, which is soft and white, was in
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, quite entire, coriaceous, smooth, much request for trenchers. It is still used by turners for bowls,
rounded at the base ; racemes compound; wings of fruit pa- dishes, &c., by saddlers for saddle-trees, and is recommended as
rallel, smooth, separated. h. H. Native of Nipaul at Narain- excellent for cart and plough-timber, being light and tough. It
hetty. Leaves rather glaucous on the under surface. Young is, however, inferior to the ash for these purposes. It is a quick
fruit hairy on the disk, with smooth short wings. A. lauri- growing tree.
growing tree. In spring and autumn this tree will pour forth,
fòlium,
D. Don, prod. fl
. nep. p. 249. A. Buzimpala, Hamilt. from the wounded stem, in the same manner as the birch, abund-
Flowers pale-yellow. This tree is called in Nipaúl ance of saccharine juice, from which sugar and good wine may
Moogila and Buzimpala.
be made, as Ray affirms from the information of Dr. Martin
Oblong-leaved Maple. Fl. Feb. Clt. 1824. Tree 20 feet. Lister. The tree in England is vulgarly called Sycamore-tree
2 A. LÆVIGA'TUM (Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 2. p. 3. t. 104.) leaves and by some Mock-plane. In Scotland it is known by the ap-
oblong, acuminated, serrulated, shining, smooth; corymbs ter- pellation of Plane-tree.
minal ; petals cuneated; wings of fruit diverging, cultriform. Var. B, variegata ; leaves variegated.
ħ. H. Native of Nipaul on high mountains. Flowers white. Var. Y, subobtùsum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 594.) lobes of leaves
Smoothed-leaved Maple. Tree 40 feet.
blunter; fruit and wings larger. A. opulifolium. Thuil. fl.
3 A. TATA’RICUM (Lin. spec. 1495.) leaves cordate, undivided, par. 538.
par. 538. A. vitifòlium, Opiz.
serrated, with obsolete lobes ; racemes compound, crowded, Var. ε, laciniatum (Loud. hort. brit. p. 412.) lobes of leaves
erect; wings of fruit parallel, young ones puberulous. h. H. jagged. Schm. arb. 1. 5.
.
Native of Tartary.--Pall. A. ross. t. 3. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 1. Mock-plane-tree, Sycamore, or Great Maple.
with a figure. Wats. dend, brit. 160.
Wats. dend, brit. 160. Corolla white.
June. Clt. 1683. Tree 30 to 60 feet.
Tartarian Maple. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. Tr. 20 ft. 8 A. VILLÒSUM (Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 2. p. 4.) leaves cordate,
5-lobed, villous beneath as well as the petioles ; lobes ovate,
** Leaves 3-lobed or trifid, very rarely 5-lobed.
acute; racemes lateral ; buds and young leaves silky-villous ;
4 A. STRIA'TUM (Lam. dict. 2. p. 381.) leaves cordate, 3- petals bearded at the apex; fruit villous, with straightish cultri-
lobed, acuminated, finely and acutely serrated ; racemes simple, form, crenulated wings. h. H. Native of the high Alps near
pendulous; petals oval; fruit smooth, with the wings rather to perpetual snow in Sirmore and Kamaoon. Flowers fragrant.
diverging. Þ.H. Native of North America from Canada to Villous Maple. Tree 50 feet.
Carolina. Mich. fil. arb. 2. t. 17. A. Pennsylvánicum, Lin. 9 A. CAUDATUM (Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 2. p. 4.) leaves cordate,
spec. 1496. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 11. with a figure. A. Cana- 5-lobed, pubescent beneath, and villous in the axils of the veins
dense, Duh. arb. 1. t. 12. Mill. t. 7. Trunk elegantly striped and nerves, but when aged smooth ; lobes ovate, acuminated,
with white lines. Flowers greenish-yellow. There is a variety doubly serrated; serratures awned; racemes smooth; wings
of this tree with undivided leaves, but it is extremely rare. of fruit diverging. h. H. Native of Nipaul towards Gosaings-
Striped-barked Maple. Fl. May. Ju. Clt. 1755. Tr. 20 ft. than. A. pectinatum, Wall. mss.
5 A. SPICATUM (Lam. dict. 2. p. 381.) leaves cordate, 3 or Tailed-lobed-leaved Maple Tree 50 feet.
slightly 5-lobed, acuminated, pubescent beneath, unequally and 10 A. MACROPHY'LLUM (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 267.) leaves
coarsely serrated; racemes compound, erect; petals linear; digitately 5-lobed, with roundish recesses ; lobes somewhat 3-
fruit smooth, with the wings rather diverging. h. H. Native of lobed, repandly-toothed, pubescent beneath ; racemes compound,
Canada and the Alleghany mountains. A. montànum, Ait. hort. erect; stamens 9, with hairy filaments; ovaries very hairy.
hairy. h.
kew. 3. p. 435. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 13. with a figure. A. Penn- H. Native of North America on the great rapids of the Colum-
sylvánicum, Duroi. harbk. t. 2. A. parviflòrum, Ehrh. Flowers bia river, and of northern California. Flowers greenish-yellow.
very small, greenish-yellow.
Long or Large-leaved Maple. Fl. May, June ?
Fl. May, June? Clt. 1812.
Spiked-flowered Maple. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1750. Tree Tree 60 feet.
25 feet.
11 A. sterculIa'CEUM (Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 2. p. 3. t. 105.)
6 A. HYBRIDUM (Bosc. dict. agr. 5. p. 251.) leaves rather leaves cordate, puberulous beneath, 5-lobed ; lobes ovate, acu-
cordate, somewhat coriaceous, smooth, profoundly trifid, with minated, serrated, outer ones very short, and quite entire ; ra-
the lobes unequally and coarsely toothed; racemes pendulous; cemes lateral ; petals smooth.
Native of Nipaul on
fruit smooth with diverging wings. h.H. Native of? Flowers Mount Shiapore. Flowers white. Tree 3 feet in diameter.
greenish-yellow.
Sterculia-like Maple. Tree 50 feet.
,
Fl. May,
.
.
.
;
h. H.

ACERINEÆ649
. .
.
. I. ACER.
12 A. CAMPE'STRE (Lin. spec. 1497.) leaves cordate, with 5 evergreen, ovate, entire, and 3-lobed, obsoletely serrated, smooth.
toothed lobes; racemes erect; wings of fruit much divaricated. h. H. Native of the Levant. A. sempervirens, Lin. mant.
h. H.
Native of Europe in hedges and coppices; plentiful in 128. Leaves small, dark-green. Flowers greenish-yellow.
Britain and Tauria. Smith, engl. bot. t. 304. The leaves are Variable-leaved Maple. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759. Sh. 4 ft.
small. The flowers are greenish. We meet with high enco- 18 A. BARBA'TUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 252.) leaves
miums on the wood of this tree among the ancients; and Virgil ovate, somewhat cordate, with 3 short, unequal, serrated lobes,
introduces Evander sitting on a maple throne. It was chiefly
It was chiefly glaucous beneath ; corymbs sessile, those of the female flowers
valued among them for the firmness of its grain. The timber with simple pedicels, those of the male flowers with branched
is far superior to that of the Beech for all the uses of the turner; pedicels ; calyxes bearded on the inside ; fruit smooth, with the
particularly for dishes, trenchers, and bowls, and when it abounds wings hardly diverging. . H. Native of North America
in knots, as it very frequently does, it is highly esteemed by the from New York to Carolina in humid pine-barrens. A. Caro-
joiners for inlaying, &c. On account also of the lightness of liniànum, Walt. fl. car. 251. Flowers greenish-yellow.
the wood, it is often used by musical instrument makers; from Bearded-calyxed Maple. Tree 20 feet.
its hardness for gun-stocks; formerly in great request for tables; 19 A. PARVIFÒLIUM (Tauch. in flora. 1829. p. 545.) leaves
but the principal value of the tree is for underwood, it is of somewhat 5-lobed and 3-lobed, obtusely toothed, same colour
quick growth and affords good fuel.
on both sides ; corymbs many-flowered, nodding; wings of
Var. a, hebecarpum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 594.) fruit clothed with fruit erectly diverging. h. S. Native of the south of Europe.
velvety pubescence. A. campestre, Wallr. in litt. Tratt. arch. A. Créticum, Hort. vind. Usually confounded with A. Mons-
1. no. 7. with a figure. A. mólle, Opiz.
pessulànum.
Var. B, collinum (Wallr. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 594.) fruit Small-leaved Maple. Tree 20 feet.
smooth; lobes of leaves obtuse; flowers smaller. h. H. Na-
tive of France. A. affine and A. macrocarpum, Opiz.
* * Leaves 5, rarely 7, lobed.
Var.
7,
Austriacum (Tratt. arch. 1. no. 6. with a figure) fruit 20 A. O'PALUS (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 436.) leaves cordate,
smooth; lobes of leaves somewhat acuminated; flowers larger. roundish, 5-lobed ; lobes obtuse, bluntly and coarsely toothed;
.
h.H. Native of Austria, Podolia, and Tauria.
corymbs stalked, erect; ovaries hairy; fruit smooth, with the
Common or Field Maple. Fl. May, July. Brit. Tr. 20 ft. wings rather diverging. ħ.H. Native of Italy; plentiful about
Rome. A. I'talum, Lauth. ac. no. 8. A. rotundifolium, Lam.
§ 2. Flowers corymbose or in fascicles.
dict. 3. p. 382. A. villosum, Presl. A beautiful tree with
* Leaves 3-lobed.
large leaves, deserving the attention of ornamental planters.
Flowers yellowish.
13 A. OBTUSIFOLIUM (Sibth. et Smith, il. græc. t. 361.) leaves Opulus or Italian Maple. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1752. Tree
rounded, bluntly 3-lobed, crenately toothletted, about the length 20 to 50 feet.
of the petioles; fruit smooth, with the wings parallel and con- 21 A. OPULIFÒLIUM (Vill. dauph. 4. p. 802.) leaves cordate,
nivent. h.H. Native of Crete on the Sphaciotic mountains. roundish, 5-lobed; lobes obtuse, bluntly and coarsely toothed ;
A. Crética, Tourn. cor. 43. Flowers greenish-yellow, drooping. corymbs almost sessile; ovaries and fruit smooth, with the wings
Obtuse-leaved Maple. Fl. May, June.
Fl. May, June. Clt.? Tree 15 ft. rather diverging. h. H. Native of Valais, Dauphiny, Pied-
14 A. CREʼTICUM (Lin. spec. 1497.) leaves permanent, cu- mont, and Catalonia in stony places. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 13. with
neated at the base, acutely 3-lobed at the top ; lobes entire or a figure. A. Hispánicum, Pourr. act. toul. 3. p. 305. A. vér-
toothletted, lateral ones shortest ; corymbs few-flowered, erect; num, Reyn. A. montànum, C. Bauh. pin. 431.
431. Flowers
fruit smooth, with the wings hardly diverging. Þ.H. Native greenish-yellow.
of Candia on the mountains, as well as in the islands of the Guelder-rose-leaved Maple. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1823. Sh. 8 ft.
Grecian Archipelago. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 19. with a figure. 22 A. OBTUSA'TUM (Kit. in Willd. spec. 4. p. 984.) leaves
)
Duh. arb. 1. p. 28. t. 10. f. 9.—Alp. exot. 9. t. 8.-Pocock. cordate, roundish, 5-lobed ; lobes bluntish, repandly-toothed,
orient. 197. t. 85. An evergreen shrub, with small, dark-green velvety beneath ; corymbs pendulous; pedicels hairy ; fruit
leaves shaped like those of the ivy. Flowers greenish-yellow. rather hairy, with the wings somewhat diverging. . H. Na-
Cretan Maple. Fl. May, June.
FI, May, June. Clt. 1752. Shrub 4 feet. tive of Hungary and Croatia. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 14. with a
15 A. MONSPESSULA'NUM (Lin. spec. 1497.) leaves cordate, figure. Flowers greenish-yellow.
3-lobed ; lobes almost quite entire, equal; corymbs few-flowered, Var. B, Neapolitànum (Ten. att. act. neap.
neap. 1819. p. 121. with
erect; fruit smooth, with the wings hardly diverging. Đ. H. a figure). h. H. Native about Naples.
Native of south and middle Europe in exposed stony places, Blunt-lobed-leaved Maple. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1825. Sh. 10 ft.
particularly in France and Italy. Tratt, arch. 1. no. 20. with a 23 A. CORIA'CEUM (Bosc. ex Tauch. in bot. zeit. flora. p.
figure. A. trifolium, Duh. arb. 1. t. 10. f. 8.—Pluk. alm. t. 545.) leaves coriaceous, the same length as breadth, 3-5-lobed,
251. f. 3. The leaves much resemble those of the common denticulated, smooth; corymbs loose ; wings of fruit erectly di-
maple, but differ in being 3-lobed, and they are retained on the verging. Þ.H. Native of?
tree much longer in the autumn. Flowers greenish-yellow. It Coriaceous-leaved Maple. Tree 20 feet.
is sometimes seen only in the shape of a shrub about 10 feet 24 A. PLATANOÌDES (Lin. spec. 1496.) leaves cordate, smooth,
high, sometimes a tree of 20 feet high, but at last attains a
5-lobed ; lobes acuminated, with a few coarse acute teeth ;
great height.
corymbs stalked, erectish, and are as well as the fruit smooth,
Montpelier Maple. Fl. May. Clt. 1739. Tree 20 feet. with divaricated wings. h. H. Native of Europe in woods,
16 A. Ibeʼricum (Bieb. fl
. taur. 2. p. 447.) leaves shining, . particularly in Germany, Switzerland, Carniolia, Styria, and Savoy.
glaucous beneath, bluntly 3-lobed ; lobes furnished with 1 or 2 Duh. arb. 1. t. 10. f. 1. Tratt. arch. 1. t. 4. Mill. ill. t. 8.
teeth, lateral ones marked with the middle nerve to the insertion f. 1. Trew. sel. t. 81. A. Lobelii, Tenore. The scales of the
of the petiole ; petioles a little shorter than the leaves.
leaf-bud are spreading and reflexed. This tree grows to a large
Native of Iberia. Flowers greenish-yellow.
size. The leaves are of a shining green, and are even larger
Iberian Maple Tree 20 feet.
.
than those of the Sycamore, they are seldom eaten or defaced
17 A. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Willd. arb. 10. t. 1. f. 1.) leaves by insects, because the tree abounds in a sharp milky juice dis-
4 O
-
-
h
-
h. H.
a
VOL. I.-PART VII.

650
ACERINEÆ. I. ACER.
-
Var.
Hort. par.
Herm. par. t. 1.
liked by them, and when the flowers are out, which are of a yellowish. This large tree produces sugar similar to the fore-
yellow colour, this tree has great beauty. The leaves die to a going species, and occupies the same situation where the other
golden-yellow colour in autumn, which produces a good effect is not found.
at that season.—Linnæus recommends it for walks and plant- Black Maple. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1812. Tree 40 feet.
ations, as yielding a juice from which sugar may be made, if it 28 A. ERIOCA'RPUM (Mich. fl. amer. bor. 2. p. 253.) leaves
be wounded in the winter, and as cutting out into a fine white truncate at the base, smooth and glaucous beneath, palmately 5-
wood, fit for the stocks of guns, the joiner, and the turner, lobed, with blunt recesses, and unequally and deeply-toothed
and answers all the purposes of the Sycamore. The raising of lobes ; flowers conglomerate, on short pedicels, apetalous, pen-
this tree for use and ornament should not be neglected.
tandrous; ovaries downy. . H. Native of North America
Var. B, variegatum ; leaves variegated.
on the banks of rivers from New England to Georgia. Desf.
7, laciniàtum (Ait. hort. kew. 3. p. 435.) lobes of leaves ann. mus. 7. p. 412. t. 25. A. dasycarpum, Willd. spec. 4.
deeply jagged, with acuminated, bristle-like teeth. A. críspum, p. 985. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 8. with a figure. A. tomentosum,
Lauth. acer, no. 4. A. palmatum, hort.
A. palmatum, hort. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 5.
.
A. glaúcum, Marsh. A. Virginianum, Duh. A
with a figure. The bark of this tree is grey, with large white large tree with greenish-yellow seeds and flowers. It is known
spots.
by the name of White or Soft Maple.
Platanus-like or Norway Maple. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1683. Hairy-fruited or White Maple. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1725.
Tree 50 feet.
Tree 40 feet.
25 A. GLA'BRUM (Torrey. in ann. lyc. nat. hist. new york, 29 A. RUBRUM (Lin. spec. 1496.) leaves cordate at the base,
vol. 2. p. 163.) leaves roundish, 5-7-lobed, acutely toothed, glaucous beneath, deeply and unequally toothed, palmately 5-
,
smooth on both surfaces ; corymbs stalked; fruit smooth ; wings lobed, with acute recesses; flowers conglomerate, 5-petalled,
diverging, broad-ovate. . S. Native of North America on pentandrous ; ovaries smooth. Þ.H. Native of North Ame-
the Rocky Mountains.
rica in low woods from Canada to Florida. Mich. fil. arb. 2.
Smooth Maple. Tree.
t. 14. Desf. ann. mus. 7. p. 413. t. 25. Tratt. arch. 1. no.
26 A. SACCHARÌNUM (Lin. spec. 1496.) leaves cordate, smooth, 9. with a figure. Schmidt. arb. 1. t. 6. A. Virginiànum,
glaucous beneath, palmately 5-lobed ; lobes acuminated, si-
t. 1. Mill. ill. t. 8. f. 4. Trew. sel. t. 85, 86. A.
nuately toothed ; corymbs drooping, on short peduncles ; pedi- floridànum, Hortul. Flowers and seeds red as well as the
cels pilose; fruit smooth, with the wings diverging. ñ . H. branches. A small tree, commonly known by the name of Red,
Native of North America from Canada to Pennsylvania in rich Scarlet, or Swamp Maple. In Pennsylvania the natives use the
valleys. Michx. fil. arb. 2. t. 15. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 3. with wood for all sorts of wood-work ; with the bark they dye a
a figure. The American sugar-maple will grow to the height of dark blue, and make a good black ink. The Canadians tap the
40 feet. It has some resemblance to the Norway maple when tree for the juice, of which they make sugar and treacle. With
the plants are young. The flowers are yellow, disposed in short us it is grown for the sake of its red flowers, which are very
compound corymbs, composed of imperfect hermaphrodite and shewy.
perfect male flowers, the anthers being abortive in the first and Red, Scarlet, or Swamp Maple. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1656.
perfect in the last. From this tree the inhabitants of North Tree 20 feet.
America make a very good sort of sugar in large quantities. 30 A. ACUMINATUM (Wall. mss. D. Don. prod. fl. nep. p.
It is very probable that the Americans make sugar from many 249.) leaves cordate, smooth, 3-5-lobed ; lobes doubly serrated,
,
species of maple, particularly A. rùbrum and Negúndo fraxini- long-acuminated ; corymbs few-flowered, erect, somewhat race-
folium. The juice is obtained by tapping the trees; warm days mose, shorter than the leaves; pedicels nearly opposite, elon-
and frosty nights are most favorable to the plentiful discharge, gated, smooth. h. H. Native of Nipaul in Sirinagur, where
of the sap. A hole is made in the tree in an ascending direc- it is called Khaunsing. Flowers greenish-white ?
tion by an augur, and a spout is introduced about half an inch, Acuminated-lobed Maple Tree.
which projects from 3 to 12 inches; it is generally of sumach 31 A. CULTRATUM (Wall. pl. asiat. rar. 2. p. 4.) leaves cor-
or elder. The sap will sometimes flow 6 weeks, according to date, 7-lobed, villous in the axils of the veins beneath, the rest
the temperature of the weather. Troughs are placed under smooth; lobes acuminated, quite entire; corymbs stalked, smooth;
the spouts to receive the sap, which is carried every day to a flowers subumbellate; petals wedge-shaped; wings of fruit di-
large receiver, from which it is conveyed, after being strained, varicate, cultriform. h. H. Native of the regions towards
to the boiler. Lime, eggs, or new milk is added to the sap in Himalaya in Kamaon and Sirinagur.
order to clarify it, but clear sugаr may be made without
Cultrate-winged-fruited Maple Tree.
these ingredients. The sugar, after being sufficiently boiled, is
grained, clayed, and refined in the same manner as the cane
§ 3. Umbels stalked. Species not sufficiently known.
sugar in the West Indies. The sooner the sap is boiled the
better. It should never be kept more than 24 hours. The
Leaves 5 or 7-lobed, rarely 9-10-11-13.
quality of maple sugar is superior to that which is made in the 32 A. DISSE'CTUM (Thunb. fl.jap. p. 160.) leaves 9-10-parted;
West Indies from the cane, and it deposits less sediment when lobes oblong, acuminated, deeply serrated or pinnatifid ; umbels
dissolved in water. It has more
It has more the appearance of sugar-candy. 4-6-flowered. Þ.H. Native of Japan.--Tratt. arch. 1. no. 18.
“ The sugar prepared from the sap of this tree is one of the with a figure. Corolla small, red.
greatest conveniences to the inhabitants of the Western Coun- Dissected-leaved Maple. Fl. May. Tree 30 feet.
ties, is equal to any other sugar, and procured with little 33 A. JAPO'NICUM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 161.) leaves roundish,
trouble.” (Pursh.)
villous, palmately multifid; lobes 11-13, acuminated, serrated;
American Sugar Maple. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1735. Tr. 40 ft. umbels many-flowered. h.H. Native of Japan. Trat. arch.
27 A. NIGRUM (Michx. fil. arb. 2. p. 238. t. 16.) leaves cor- 1. no. 16. with a figure. Branches and corollas purple. Fruit
date, with the recess closed ; palmately 5-lobed, pubescent be woolly.
neath ; corymbs sessile, nodding; fruit smooth, turgid at the Japan Maple. Fl. April, May. Tree 20 feet.
base, with the wings diverging. N. H. Native of North Ame- 34 A. PALMA'TUM (Thunb. f. jap. p. 161.) leaves smooth,
rica from New York to Carolina, on mountain lands. Flowers palmately divided into 5-7 lobes beyond the middle ; lobes
any of
+
1

ACERINEÆ. I. ACER. II. NEGUNDO. III, DOBINEA. HIPPOCASTANEÆ.
651
a
LIN. SYST.
oblong, acuminated, serrated; umbels 5-7-flowered. h. H. Negúndo, Lin. spec. 1497. Mich. fil. arb. 2. t. 16. Tratt.
Native of Japan. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 17. with a figure. Flowers arch. 1. no. 10. with a figure. Wangh. amer. t. 12. f. 20. N.
greenish-yellow?
aceroides, Moench. meth. 334. Flowers green. The tree is
Palmate-leaved Maple. Fl. May. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 ft. commonly called Box-elder or Ash-leaved Maple.
35 A. SEPTE’MLOBUM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 162.) leaves smooth, Var. B, crispa ; leaflets curled.
7-lobed ; lobes acuminated, equally and acutely serrated. h.H. Ash-leaved Negundo. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1688. Tr. 40 ft.
Native of Japan.
2 N. Mexica'NUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 596.) leaves all trifo-
Seven-lobed-leaved Maple. Fl. May. Tree 40 feet.
liate. h. H. Native of Mexico. A cer ternátum, Moc. et
36 A. PICTUM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 162.) leaves smooth, pal- Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. Perhaps this is only a variety of the
mately 7-lobed; lobes acuminated, entire. Þ.H. Native of preceding species. Flowers green.
Japan. Tratt. arch. 1. no. 15. with a figure. Branches ash- Mexican Negundo. Tree 40 feet.
coloured. Leaves variegated with white.
3 N. COCHINCHINE'NSE (D. C. prod. 1. p. 596.) leaves pin-
Painted-leaved Maple. Tree 30 feet.
nate, usually with 4 pairs of alternate quite entire leaflets, and
37 A. CIRCINA'TUM (Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 267.) leaves
.
an odd one. h. H. Native of Cochin-china in woods. A cer
orbicular, rather cordate at the base, 7-lobed, smooth on both pinnatum, Lour. fl. coch. 649.
pinnatum, Lour. fl. coch. 649. Petals 5, white. Wings of
surfaces; lobes acutely toothed; nerves and veins hairy at their
fruit fleshy. This may probably form a separate genus of
origin. Þ. H. Native of North America on the great rapids Sapindaceæ, the stamens being 8. The wood is very hard.
of the Columbia river and of Northern California. This beau- Cochin-china Negundo. Tree 25 feet. .
tiful species has leaves the size of A. rùbrum. The disposition Cult. These trees are well adapted for the backs of shrub-
of the flowers is unknown, therefore it is doubtful whether it beries. Cuttings taken off at a joint, and planted in a sheltered
belongs to this section.
situation early in autumn will strike root. They may be also
Round-leaved Maple Tree 56 feet.
increased by layers put down at the same time, or by seeds.
38 A. LOBA'TUM (Fish. mss. Loud. hort. brit. p. 412.) leaves
7-lobed. h. H. Native of Siberia. This species is extremely III. DOBI'NEA (an alteration from the Nipaulese name of
doubtful. Disposition of flowers unknown.
the shrub). Hamilt. mss. D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p.
249.
Lobed-leaved Maple. Clt. 1820. Tree.
Monoecia, Monadélphia Flowers monoecious.
.
** Leaves trifid or undivided.
Male flowers with a 1-leaved, 4-toothed, campanulate calyx.
Stamens 8, joined into a column about the sterile style, 4 of
39 A. TRIFIDUM (Thunb. fl. jap. p. 163.) leaves undivided which are shorter than the rest. Petals 4, oblong, unguiculate.
and trifid, entire. h. H. Native of Japan. The twigs are Female flowers without a calyx or corolla. Ovary 1-seeded.
smooth and purplish.
Style crowned by a blunt stigma. Capsule compressed, with a
Trifid-leaved Maple Tree 20 feet.
winged margin, 1-celled, 1-seeded, sitting on the middle of a
Cult. Maples are for the most part trees of considerable
leafy pedicel. Seed flat. Albumen wanting. Shrub with sim-
size and beauty, and are chiefly used for plantations or avenues
ple leaves.
or the backs of shrubberies. Most of them will
1 D. vulgA'RIS (Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, prod. il. nep. p.
. p
cuttings, which should be taken off at a joint, and planted in a 249.) K. H. Native of Nipaul at Narainhetty. Shrub
sheltered situation in the open air, the earlier in autumn this is branched; branches pubescent. Leaves elliptical, oblong,
done the better, particularly if the weather be moist ; Mr. Sweet
acutely serrated, hairy on both surfaces, acuminated and entire
recommends the cuttings of most hardy trees and shrubs to be
at the apex, 4-6 inches long, and about 2 in breadth. Flowers
planted about the same time, as they succeed much better than
minute, loosely panicled, terminal, with pilose peduncles; female
if they are planted in spring, the usual time; the ground should
ones on leafy coloured pedicels.
be well fastened about them, so that the worms and frost may Common Dobinea. Fl. Aug. Shrub 6 feet.
not loosen them. They may be also increased by layers put Cult. It is probable that the treatment and manner of
pro-
down in the autumn. The seeds of this genus should be pagation recommended for Negúndo will answer this shrub.
sown if possible soon after they are gathered from the tree,
because if sown then they will vegetate next spring, but if kept
ORDER XLVII. HIPPOCASTA'NEÆ (this order only con-
till spring few of them will vegetate the first year; these should
be sown in a bed prepared for the purpose, and they should be
tains the horse-chesnut). D. C. theor. ed. 2. p. 244. prod. 1.
covered over about an inch thick of mould ; this bed should be p. 597.—Castaneàceæ, Link, enum. 1. p. 354.—Æ'sculus, Lin.
dressed in spring before the plants make their appearance, and
when the trees are of a sufficient size, which is generally after a
Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed. Petals 4 or 5, unequal, hypo-
year's growth, they should be planted out in rows, there they
may remain until they are of sufficient size to be planted out
gynous. Stamens 7-8, inserted in the hypogynous disk, free,
into plantations or shrubberies.
unequal. Anthers rather incumbent. Ovary roundish-trigonal.
Style 1, filiform, conical, acute. Younger capsules 3-celled, 3-
II, NEGU'NDO (meaning unknown). Moench. meth. 334.
.
valved, each cell containing 2 ovulæ, with a dissepiment in the
D. C. prod. 1. p. 596.—Negúndium, Rafin.—A'cer.
p
spec.
Lin.
middle of each valve, which the ovulæ are fixed to; adult cap-
Lin. syst. Dioècia, Pentándria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx
small, unequally 4-5-toothed. Petals wanting. Male flowers
.
sules coriaceous, rather globose, 2-3-celled, 2-3-valved, 2-4-
in fascicles, on filiform pedicels. Anthers 4 or 5, linear, sessile.
seeded. Seeds large, somewhat globose, variously compressed
Female flowers in racemes.--Trees with impari-pinnate or trifo- and angled, covered by a very smooth, shining, ferrugineous
liate leaves.
shell, with a broad, cinereous-brown, basilar hilum. Albumen
1 N. FRAXINIFÒLIUM (Nut. gen. amer. 1. p.253.) leaves pinnate,
with 3 or 5 opposite, coarsely and deeply-toothed leaflets, with
wanting. Embryo curved, inverted, with fleshy, thick, gibbous
the odd one usually 3-lobed. h.H. Native of North America
cotyledons, which are soldered together, through germination,
on the banks of rivers from Pennsylvania to Carolina. A'cer
within the seed cover. Plumule large, 2-leaved. Radicle
grow from
gen. no. 462.
-
a
4 o 2

652
HIPPOCASTANEÆ. I. Æsculus. II. PAVIA.
-
conical, curved, directed towards the bilum.-Trees and shrubs, Var. B, flòre-plèno ; flowers double. This variety is rather of
with opposite, compound, palmate leaves, composed of 5 rare occurrence.
or 7 feather-nerved leaflets, and terminal, rather panicled
Var. y, variegata ; leaves variegated.
Common Horse-chesnut. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1629. Tree
racemes of flowers, with jointed pedicels. This order is much
40 to 60 feet.
valued for the grandeur of the foliage and flowers of most of 2 Æ. CA'RNEA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1056.) capsules echinated;
the species. Their bitter fruit has sometimes been used as a petals 5 ; stamens 7; flowers pubescent ; leaflets 5, oblong, acu-
sternutary; it contains a large quantity of potash, and abundance
minated, serrated. Þ.H. Native of North America ? This
of starch. The bark is astringent and febrifugal.
is one of the most beautiful of all hardy trees, resembling in
general appearance the common horse-chesnut, but being small,
and bearing a profusion of panicled racemes of rich flesh-coloured
flowers, is more ornamental.
Synopsis of the Genera.
Flesh-coloured-flowered Horse-chesnut. Fl. July. Clt. ?
Tree 20 feet.
1 Æ'sculus. Capsule echinated.
3 Æ. RUBICU'NDA (Lois. herb. amat. t. 367.) capsules echi-
nated; petals 4, with the claws of the petals shorter than the
2 PA'VIA. Capsule smooth.
calyx; stamens 8; leaflets 5-7, obovately-cuneated, acute, un-
equally serrated. h. H. Native of North America ? Æ. cár-
nea, Hort. Wats. dend. brit. t. 121. This tree is very orna-
mental when in flower, the branches being terminated by racemes
I. Æ'SCULUS (a name given by Pliny to a kind of oak,
of fine scarlet flowers.
which had an eatable nut, derived from esca, nourishment). Lin.
Reddish-flowered Horse-chesnut. Fl. June. Clt. 1820. Tree
gen. no. 462. exclusive of some species. D. C. prod. 1. p. 597. 20 feet.
-Hippocastanum, Tourn. inst. t. 612.
4 Æ. GLA'BRA (Willd. enum. 405.) capsules echinated; corolla
Lin. syst. Heptándria, Monogynia. Calyx campanulate. of 4 spreading petals, with their claws about the length of the
Petals 4-5, expanded, with an ovate border. Stamens with the calyx; stamens longer than the corolla ; leaflets 5, very smooth.
filaments recurved inwardly. Capsules echinated. Leaflets ses-
.
h. H. Native of North America in the western counties of
sile or almost sessile.
Pennsylvania and Virginia. Flowers greenish-yellow.
1 Æ. HIPPOCA'STANUM (Lin. spec. 488.) capsules echi- Smooth Horse-chesnut. Fl. June. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 feet.
nated ; petals 5; stamens 7; leaflets 7, obovately-cuneated, acute, 5 Æ. OHIOE'NSIS (Mich. arb. 3. p. 242.) capsules echinated;
toothed. h. H.
Native of the north of India. Mill. ill. corolla ? leaflets 5, smooth, oval, acuminated, irregularly toothed.
icon. Woodv. med. bot. t. 128.- Plenck. icon. t. 293.–Riv. h.H. Native of North America on the banks of the river
pentap. irr. t. 123.-H. vulgàre, Gært. fruct. 2. t. 111. Petals
Ohio.
Flowers white, numerous, racemose. Fruit about half
white, and spotted with red and yellow. The common horse- the size of those of the common horse-chesnut.
chesnut is well known by the beautiful parabolic form in which Ohio Horse-chesnut. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Tree 30 feet.
it grows, and during the period of its flowering no tree pos- 6 Æ. PA'LLIDA (Willd. enum. 406.) capsules echinated ;
sesses greater beauty, for the extremity of each branch is ter- corolla of 4 spreading petals, with their claws shorter than the
minated by a raceme of shewy, variegated flowers, so that every calyx ; stamens twice as long as the corolla ; leaflets 5. h. H.
part of the tree seems clothed with them. This tree, if
grown
Native of North America in the forests of Kentucky. Flowers
singly in parks or lawns, has a more sightly appearance than if greenish-yellow or whitish.
grown in avenues. The timber, though of inferior quality, is Pale Horse-chesnut. Fl. June. Clt. 1812. Tree 40 feet.
said to be used by the turner ; however, its chief use is for fuel. Cult. This is a genus of very shewy trees, well adapted for
,
In Turkey the nuts are ground and mixed with the provender lawns or parks, having a beautiful effect when in flower. They
for their horses, especially those which are troubled with coughs will do well in any soil, but the deeper and more loamy the
or are broken-winded. It is said that deer, sheep, and swine better. They may be either increased by layers put down in
will fatten on them, and poultry have been kept with them the spring, or by grafting or budding on the common horse-
boiled. The bark of this tree has been given in Italy, not with- chesnut. Seeds of such species as can be procured should be
out success, in intermittent fevers; it has also been used with sown singly in rows in spring, where they may remain until they
good success in dyeing several sorts of yellow colours. The are of sufficient size to be planted out permanently.
horse-chesnut was brought originally from the northern parts of
Asia into Europe about the year 1550, and was sent to Vienna II. PA'VIA (in honour of Peter Paw, a Dutch botanist, once
about the year 1558; from Vienna it migrated into Italy and professor of botany at Leyden). Boerh. lugd. 6. t. 260. D. C.
France; but it came to us from the Levant. Gerard in his prod. 1. p.
598.
herbal speaks of it only as a foreign tree. In Johnson's edition LIN. Syst. Heptándria, Monogynia. Calyx tubular. Petals
of the same work it is said, “horse-chesnut groweth in Italy, 4, erect, narrow. Stamens straight. Capsules unarmed. Leaves
and in sundry places of the East countries; it is now growing palmate, with stalked leaflets.
with Mr. Tradescant at South Lambeth.” Parkinson
1 P. MACROSTA'CHYA (Lois. herb. amat. t. 212.) capsules un-
“ our Christian world had first the knowledge of it from Con- armed; stamens much longer than the 4-petalled corolla ; racemes
stantinople.” The same author places the horse-chesnut in his very long ; leaflets 5, downy beneath. h.H. Native of North
orchard as a fruit-tree between the walnut and the mulberry. How America on the banks of rivers, particularly in Georgia near St.
little it was then (1629) known, may be inferred from his saying, Augustin. Æ'sculus macrostachya, Michx. A. bor. amer. 1. p.
not only that it is of greater and more pleasant aspect for the fair 220. Jacq. eclog. 1. t. 9. Æ. parviflòra, Walt. car. 128. Pavia
leaves, but also of as good use for the fruit, which is of a sweet álba, Poir. dict. 5. p. 95. Pavia édulis, Poit. abr. fr. t. 88.-
taste, roasted and eaten as the ordinary sort. He also describes Coll. hort. rip. t. 19. A small shrub, with long racemes of
and figures the corolla with 4 petals. The tree does not appear small, very ornamental, white flowers. Roots stoloniferous.
to have been common even in the beginning of 1700.
The whole of the North American species of this genus, as well
.
Parkinson says,

HIPPOCASTANEÆ. II. PAVIA. RHIZOBOLEÆ. I. CARYOCAR.
653
p. 599.
-
as those of the preceding, are known in their places of natural ding on the common horse-chesnut. Seeds, when they can be
growth under the name of Buck's-eye tree.
procured, should be sown singly in rows, in the month of March
Long-spiked Pavia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 ft. or April, about an inch under ground; and when the plants are
2 P. RU'BRA (Lam. illus. t. 273.) capsules unarmed; stamens of sufficient size, they should be planted out where they are in-
shorter than the 4-petalled corolla ; leaflets 5, elliptical-oblong, tended to remain.
acute at both ends, and are, as well as the petioles, smooth, but
pilose at the origin of the nerves beneath. ħ. H. Native of
North America in fertile valleys on the mountains of Virginia
ORDER XLVIII. RHIZOBO'LEÆ. D. C. prod. 1.
and Carolina; said also to be a native of Brazil and Japan.
Æ'sculus Pàvia, Lin. spec. 488. Wats. dend. brit. t. 120.
Calyx usually of 5 sepals (f. 110. a.), rarely of 6, more or
Duham. arb. 2. t. 19. Flowers of a dirty-scarlet colour in loose
less connected at the base, therefore it is commonly called 5-6-
racemes. Usually a shrub, but sometimes a small tree.
parted or 5-6-cleft. Petals unequal, usually 5 (f. 110. b.), rarely
Red-flowered Pavia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1711. Shrub 4 feet. 8, alternating with the sepals when the same number, inserted
Tree 12 feet.
into the hypogynous disk with the stamens, and adnate to their
3 P. DISCOLOR ; capsule unarmed ; leaflets 5, acuminate at
tube. Stamens very numerous, disposed in a double order on
both ends, tomentose beneath, unequally serrulated; raceme
thyrsoid, many-flowered; corolla of 4 conniving petals, with
the disk, inner series usually shortest, with sterile anthers, with
their claws the length of the calyx ; stamens 7, shorter than the the filaments monadelphous at the base, the rest filiform, awl-
corolla. h. H. Native of North America, principally in the shaped, with round anthers. Ovary free, subglobose (f. 110.e.),
western territory of Georgia. Æ'sculus díscolor, Pursh. A. amer.
somewhat tetragonal, 4-celled, 4-seeded. Styles 4 (f. 110. d.)
sept. 1. p. 255. Ker, bot. reg. 310. Flowers variegated with
white, yellow, and purple.
5-6. Stigmas simple. Fruit containing 4 adglutinated nuts, but
Two-coloured-leaved Pavia. Fl. May. Clt. 1812. Sh. 4 ft.
.
usually fewer from abortion (f. 110. f.). Nuts indehiscent, 1-
4 P. HY'BRIDA (D, C. prod. 1. p. 598.) capsules unarmed ; celled, covered with a hard shell, which is beset with bristles out-
a
stamens shorter than the 4-petalled corolla ; petioles smooth ; side. Almonds or seeds kidney-shaped, keeled on the back, ex-
leaflets 5, elliptical-oblong, acuminated at both ends, and clothed albuminous, tapering to both ends. Funicle dilated into a spongy
with velvety pubescence beneath. h. H. Native of North
America, principally in the western territory of Georgia. Æ's-
2-lobed caruncle. Embryo with a very large ascending ra-
culus hybrida, D. C. hort. monsp. 1813. p. 75.
p
Flowers varie- dicle, which is the substance of the almond eaten, and with
gated with yellow, white and purple, disposed in thyrsoid race- very small, ovate-lanceolate, leafy cotyledons, lying in the
mes. Truly an intermediate plant between P. rubra and P. flava. furrow of the radicle.-Trees with opposite, stalked, palmate,
Hybrid Pavia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Shrub 4 feet.
5 P. HU'MILIS (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 143.) capsules stipulate leaves, composed of 3-5 leaflets
, and racemose bract-
unarmed; stem decumbent; leaflets 5, lanceolate, stalked, un-
less flowers. This is a very distinct order, approaching on one
equally serrated, pubescent beneath ; calyx cylindrically-funnel- hand the Terebinthàceæ, and especially with Mangífera, but
shaped and pubescent, as well as the convolute corolla ; stamens from the hypogynous insertion of the petals and stamens and
inclosed, a little longer than the calyx. . H. Native of form of fruit it comes more near to Sapindacea. It agrees
North America. Æsculus hùmilis, Lodd. cat. Lindl. bot. reg.
with Hippocastàneæ in the leaves being opposite, as well as
t. 1018. Flowers blood-coloured, in loose terminal racemes.
This plant is propagated by suckers.
being palmately compound, but in Hippocastàneæ the radicle is
Humble Pavia. Fl. May, June. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
small and the cotyledons are large, but on the contrary in Rhi-
6 P. FLA'YA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 598.) capsules unarmed; sta- zobòleæ the radicle is large and the cotyledons are small, but
mens shorter than the 4-petalled corolla ; petioles pubescent, it differs also in the large regular flowers, and in the number of
flattish above; leaflets 5-7, elliptical-oblong, acute at both ends,
In both these orders the substance of the albumen
pubescent beneath, as well as the nerves on the upper surface.
H. Native of North America in the mountains of Virginia appears as if it was consumed by various parts of the embryo.
and Carolina, and the woods of Kentucky. Æ'sculus flava, Ait. The order is remarkable for containing the Soari Saouari or
hort. kew, 1. p. 494. Æ. lùtea, Wangh. in act. nat. scrut. berl. Sunarrow-nut and Butter-nut. The first is not unfrequent in
8.
p. 133. t. 6. Pàvia lutea, Poir. dict. 5. p. 94. Flowers pale- fruiterers' shops. It is sweet and palatable.
yellow disposed in thyrsoid racemes.
Yellow-flowered Pavia. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1764. Tree
20 to 30 feet.
7 P. NEGLE'CTA (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 143.) capsules bear large fruit containing eatable nuts). Lin. mant. 247. D.C.
I. CARYO'CAR (from kapvov, caryon, a nut. The species
unarmed, but the ovary is tomentose ; leaflets 5, lanceolate, ser-
5
Fulated, tapering to the base, flat, rather plicate, smooth beneath, prod. 1. p. 599.-Rhizóbolus, Gært. fruct. 2. p. 93. — Pèkea
but pilose in the axils of the veins ; calyx campanulate, obtusely
and Saouári, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 594 and 599.
5-toothed, about the length of the pedicel; stamens rather
LIN. Syst. Polyándria, Tetra-Hexagynia. Calyx 5 (f. 110.
SYST
longer than the corolla ; superior petal veined. Þ.H.
a.) -6-parted. Petals 5 (f. 110. b.) -8. Stamens numerous,
h.H. Native
of North America. Æsculus neglecta, Lindl. bot. reg. 1009.
monadelphous at the base. Styles 4 (f. 110. d.) 5-6. Ovary
Leaves with rufous down on the veins on the upper side.
5-6-celled ; cells l-ovulate. Drupe containing 4-5 reticulated
Flowers pale-yellow, veined with red disposed in thyrsoid racemes.
hispid nuts, or from abortion 1-2 (f. 110. b.) or 3.
Neglected Pavia. Fl. May, June. Tree 20 feet. .
Cult. This genus is composed of shewy flowering shrubs
§ 1. Saouári (the name of C. glabrum in Guiana). Aubl.
and trees, well adapted for shrubberies. They will thrive well guian. 1. p. 599. D. C. prod. 1. 1.c. Leaves trifoliate.
in any soil, but the more loamy the better. They may be in-
creased by layers put down in the spring, or by grafting or bud- 1 C. NUCIFERUM (Lin. mant. 247.) leaves trifoliate'; leaflets
also

654
RHIZOBOLEÆ. I. CARYOCAR. SAPINDACEÆ.
a
a
a
1
elliptical-lanceolate, obscurely ser-
FIG. 110.
terminal corymbs, with 5 white petals, 6-parted calyx, and yel-
rated, smooth ; calyx and corolla
low anthers. This tree is cultivated for its nuts in Cayenne,
purple ; petals 5; stamens very
which are esculent, and taste somewhat like a Brazil-nut. The
numerous, white ; anthers oblong,
wood is useful.
yellow; drupe about the size of a
Butter-nut. Tree 80 feet.
man's head. . S.
h
Native of
8 C. TOMENTO'SUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1244.) leaves of 5 oval,
South America, Berbice, Essequi-
acuminated, entire leaflets, which are tomentose beneath; drupes
bo. Hook, bot. mag. t. 2727 and
clothed with blunt tubercles. h.s. Native of Guiana in woods.
2728. Rhizóbolus Pèkea, Gærtn.
Pèkea tuberculosa, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 397. t. 239. Flowers
fruct. p. 93. t. 98. f.1. R. tuber-
white, in terminal bunches. Kernels of nuts sweet and eatable,
8.
culòsus, Smith, in Rees' cycl. A- a
but not so buttery as those of the preceding.
mygdala Guianensis, Clus. exot. p.
Tomentose-leaved Butter-nut. Clt. 1820. Tree 100 feet.
276. f. 1. The nuts of this tree
Cult. These fine fruit-trees are of easy culture when once
are sold in fruit-shops under the f
introduced, but they are truly difficult to import. The way
name of Saouari Suwarrow, or Su-
to succeed is by planting the seeds in boxes of mould in the
warra-nut, or Butter-nut. The
countries of their natural growth, and when these seeds have
fruit is 4-celled, containing 1 nut
vegetated, and the plants arrived at a proper strength, they
in each, embedded in white pulp, they are of a round kid- should then be sent off, at a time when they will arrive in the
ney-shaped figure, compressed on one side. The shell of the
summer in this country. They will all thrive well in a mixture
nut is very hard and tubercled. The kernel or seed, which is of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will root in sand
the part eaten, is covered by a red-brown membrane, internally under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. Seeds soon become rancid.
pure white, soft, and fleshy, and rather oily, which is of a very
agreeable flavour.
ORDER XLIX. SAPINDACEÆ (plants agreeing with Sa-
Nut-bearing or Common Suwarrow-nut. Clt 1825. Tree
Clt 1825. Tree pindus in important characters). Juss. ann. mus. 18. p. 476.-
)
—
100 feet.
Sapíndi, Juss. gen. 246.
2 C. GLA'BRUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 84.) leaves trifoliate, smooth;
Flowers polygamous. Male ones with the calyx more or less
leaflets ovate, acuminated, a little toothed ; drupe about the size
of a hen's egg. h.s. Native of Guiana in the woods. Saouári
profoundly 4-5-parted or 4-5-sepalled (f. 111. a.); imbricate
glabra, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 599. t. 241. Rhizóbolus Saouári, in æstivation. Petals 4 (f. 111. b.) -5, rarely wanting, alter-
Corr. ann. mus. 8. p. 394. t. 5. f. 2. Flowers whitish. Kernels nating with the sepals, inserted in the receptacle, sometimes
of nuts eatable. The fruit of this tree is sold in the markets of naked, sometimes furnished with an appendage on the inside,
Cayenne under the name of Saouari.
imbricate in æstivation. Disk fleshy, sometimes occupying the
Smooth Suwarrow-nut. Tree 100 feet.
bottom of the calyx, regular, nearly entire, expanded at the
3 C. VILLÒSUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 84.) leaves trifoliate; leaflets
,
ovate, roundish, rather acute, tomentose beneath. h.S. Native apex between the petals and stamens, sometimes glandular, in-
of Guiana in woods. Saouári villòsa, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 599. complete, with the glands situated between the petals and the
t. 241. Flowers and fruit unknown.
stamens. Stamens 8 (f. 111. c.) -10, rarely 5-6-7, but very
Villous-leaved Butter-nut. Tree 100 feet.
4 C. Brasilie'nse (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 322. t. 67.) leaves rarely 20, sometimes inserted in the disk, sometimes in the
.
trifoliate ; leaflets obovate-oblong, sinuately-toothed, tomentose
receptacle, between the glands and the pistil; filaments
beneath.' ħ.S. Native of Brazil in the provinces of St. Paul free, or connected at the very base; anthers bursting inwards
.
and Minas Geraes, where it is called by the inhabitants Pequi. lengthwise. Rudiment of a pistil small or wanting. Herma-
A small tree with a twisted stem. Petals coloured with saffron
Petals coloured with saffron phrodite flowers with the calyx, petals, stamens, and disk, as in
and rose-colour on the outside.
the male flowers. Ovary 3-celled, rarely 2-4-celled; cells 1-2-
Brazilian Butter-nut. Tree 20 feet.
5 C. AMYGDALÍFERUM (Cav. icon. 4. p. 37. t. 361 and 362.)
3, rarely many-ovulate. Style undivided (f. 111. d.), or more
leaves trifoliate, smooth ; leaflets lanceolate, serrated, with a or less profoundly 3-cleft, rarely 2-cleft. Ovulæ erect or as-
fascicle of hairs at the origin of each nerve beneath ; anthers cending when there is only one in each cell, rarely, as in Hypelàte,
roundish. ħ. s. Native of South America in the woods of suspended; when there are 2 in each cell the superior one is
Maraquita in Santa Fe de Bogota. This tree grows to the height
of 180 to 240 feet. Flowers greenish-yellow. Styles 2. Kernels
erect or ascending, the inferior one suspended. Fruit sometimes
of nuts eatable, with the taste
of almonds.
capsular, opening at the cells or dissepiments, 2-3-valved, some-
Almond-bearing Butter-nut. Tree 240 feet.
times samaroid, sometimes fleshy and indehiscent. Seeds usually
6 C. AMYDALIFO'RME (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5. t. 570.) leaves arillate. Outer covering crustaceous or membranous, inner one
trifoliate ; leaflets oblong, acuminated, sinuately toothed ; flowers pellucid. Albumen wanting. Embryo rarely straight, usually
corymbose, terminal; styles 3 ; fruit globose ; nuts muricated.
h.s. Native of Peru. The kernels of the nuts taste like
curved or spirally convolute. Radicle pointing towards the
almonds.
hilum. Cotyledons incumbent, joined together into a thick
Almond-like Butter-nut. Tree 100 feet.
mass. Plumule 2-leaved.—This order is composed of trees and
§ 2. PEKEA (the name of C. butyrosum in Guiana). Aubl.
shrubs, often climbing, and furnished with tendrils, rarely climb-
guian. 1. p. 594. D. C. prod. l. c.
prod. 1. c. Leaves of 5 leaflets.
ing herbs. The leaves are alternate, usually compound, rarely
7 C. BUTYRO'SUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 1243.) leaves of 5
)
simple, stipulate or exstipulate, usually marked with pellucid
smooth, oval-lanceolate, acuminated, entire leaflets ; drupe
lines or dots. The flowers are disposed in racemes or racemed
smooth. h.s. Native of Guiana in woods. Pekea butyrosa,
Pèkea butyròsa, panicles; they are small, white, or rose-coloured, rarely yellow.
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 594. t. 238. Lam. ill. t. 486. Flowers in The most prominent distinctive peculiarity of this order con-
a

SAPINDACEÆ.
655
a
а
a
sists in the petals being each furnished on the inside with an ad- 8 IRI'NA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, naked. Disk emar-
ditional scale or a tuft of hairs instead. The only plant in this ginate. Stamens 5. Style crowned by an obtuse stigma. Car-
order which will bear the climate of England is Koelreutèria pa- pel solitary from abortion, dry, indehiscent. Seed solitary,
niculàta, a beautiful tree, with panicles of yellow flowers. Many without aril.
of the species of Nephelium bear excellent fruit, as well as the 9 Pro'stea. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, furnished
Blighia sápida and Melicocca bijūga. The rind of the fruit of each with a small scale on the inside at the base. Stamens 20.
many species of Sapindus is used instead of soap, in the places Style undivided, seated between the lobes of the ovary. Ovary 3-
of their natural growth.
lobed ; lobes of 3, 1-ovulate cells. Fruit indehiscent, fleshy, 1-
Synopsis of the Genera.
lobed from abortion, as well as 1-celled.
10 LEPISA'NTHES. Sepals 4, unequal. Petals 4-5, furnished
SECTION I.
each with a scale on the inside. Disk emarginate. Stamens 8.
SAPI'NDEÆ (Cambess. in mem. mus. 19. p. 18.) Ovary con-
Ovary trigonal, 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Style almost wanting,
taining one ovula in each cell. Embryo curved, rarely straight. crowned by an obtuse stigma. Drupe tetragonal, containing
* Climbing shrubs or herbs, furnished with tendrils. The a 3-celled, 3-seeded nut.
upper or fifth petal absent, and with its seat vacant.
11 SAPI'NDUS. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, naked or furnished
each with a scale. Stamens 8-10. Style undivided. Stigma
1 CARDIOSPE'RMUM. Sepals 4, unequal. Petals 4, furnished
each with a scale on the inside, and with 2 glands on the disk, terminal, 3, rarely 2-lobed.
,
Fruit fleshy, 1-2-lobed from abor-
opposite the lower petals. Stamens 8, unequal. Style profoundly tion, rarely 3-lobed ; lobes 1-2, rarely 3-seeded.
trifid. Capsule trigonal, membranous, bladdery, 3-celled, 3-
12 ERIOGLO'SSUM. Sepals 5, unequal. Petals 4, furnished
seeded. Seeds fixed to the central placenta.
each with a strap-like, bifid, villous appendage inside. Stamens 8,
2 Urvillea. Sepals 5, unequal. Petals 4, furnished with unequal, villous. Style crowned by an obtuse stigma. Ovaries
scales above the base inside, and with 4 glands opposite the petals.
3, 1-seeded. Carpels 3, elliptical, baccate, connate at the base,
Stamens 8. Style trifid. Capsule membranous, 3-winged, blad-
but usually solitary from abortion.
dery, 3-celled, or composed of 3 indehiscent, 1-seeded carpels,
13 MOULI'NSIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 4, furnished each
fixed to the central axis.
with a cucullate scale on the inside. Disk 4-lobed. Stamens 8.
3 Serja'NIA. Sepals 4 (f. 111. a.) -5, unequal. Petals 4 Style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma, seated between the lobes of
SERJA'NIA.
(f. 111. b), furnished each with a scale above the base on the
the ovary. Fruit 3-lobed, or from abortion only 2-lobed, 2-3-
celled.
inside, and with 2-4 glands at the base of the petals. Stamens
8. Style trifid (f. 111. d.). Capsule membranous, 3-winged
14 CUPA'NIA. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted. Petals 5, furnished
(f. 111. f.), composed of 3 carpels, fixed to the filiform axis,
each with a small scale above the base. Stamens 10, or 5-9
which are drawn out each at the base into a wing, but 1-celled
from abortion. Style trifid or undivided. Capsule pear-shaped,
and 1-seeded at the apex.
2-3-angled, 2-3-valved, 2-3-celled, 2-3-seeded. Seeds aril-
.
late.
4. PAULLINIA. Sepals 4-5, unequal. Petals 4, furnished each
with a scale above the base, with 2-4 glands at the base of the
15 HARPU'LIA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 5, alter-
petals. Stamens 8. Style trifid. Capsule pear-shaped, trigonal, nating with the petals. Style short, crowned by a 2-lobed
usually with 3 short wings at the apex, 3-celled, 3-valved. Seeds
stigma. Capsule 2-celled. Seeds solitary, arillate. Disk fleshy,
fixed to the central axis at the bottom of the cells, half covered
villous.
by a 2-lobed aril.
16 Blìghia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, hardly appendiculate
5 Enou'rea. Calyx 4-parted, unequal. Petals 4, inserted
at the base. Style trifid. Fruit 3-lobed, fleshy. Seeds solitary,
in the calyx ? furnished each with a scale on the inside at the
seated on a thick fleshy aril.
claws, with 2 glands at the base of the larger petals. Stamens 13,
17 TALÍsia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, furnished each with a
connate at the base. Stigmas 3. Capsule spherical
, 3-valved, pilose scale above the base, nearly equalling the limb. Disk very
1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed enwrapped in mealy pulp.
fleshy. Stamens 8. Stigma nearly sessile, obsoletely 3-toothed.
Ovary 3-4-celled, 3-4-seeded. Seeds fixed to the bottom of
** Upright trees and shrubs.
the cells.
6 TouLi'cia. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, furnished 18 STADMA'NNIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals wanting. Sta-
each with a long, 2-parted, pilose appendage at the base inside. mens 8. Style short, crowned by a trigonal stigma. Berry
Stamens 8. Style trifid. Fruit 3-winged, composed of 3 car-
globose, 1-celled, 1-seeded from abortion.
pels, adnate to the central axis, each drawn out in a wing at the 19 MATA'YBA. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, with short appendages
base, and 1-celled, 1-seeded at the apex.
.
on the inside at the base. Stamens 8. Stigma subsessile, some-
7 SCHMIDE`LIA. Calyx 4-parted, unequal. Petals 4, naked, what 3-toothed. Ovary 2-celled, 2-ovulate.
Ovary 2-celled, 2-ovulate. Ovulæ fixed to
or furnished each with a scale above the claw, with 4 glands on the central axis at the middle of the cells, ascending.
the disk, opposite the petals. Stamens 8. Style bifid or trifid, 20 Nephe'LIUM. Calyx 5-6-toothed. Petals 5-6, rarely
seated between the lobes of the ovary. Fruit indehiscent, 1-2, wanting, densely pilose inside. Stamens 8-10, rarely 6. Style
rarely 3-lobed ; lobes roundish, fleshy or dry.
crowned by a 2-3-lobed stigma. Ovary obcordate, didymous,

656
SAPINDACE Æ. I. CARDIOSPERMUM.
2-celled. Fruit indehiscent, usually 1-lobed from abortion, stigma. Berry globose, fleshy, 1-celled, 4-seeded. Leaves
the other one being abortive, tubercled or muricated, rarely simple.
smooth. Seeds thick, covered by a thick fleshy aril.
32 RACĄ'RIA. Drupe ovate, 1-celled, containing 3 oblong,
21 Tuoui'NIA. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, naked. Sta- trigonal nuts, covered with a fragile integument. Leaves abruptly
mens 8-10. Style crowned by a trifid stigma, seated between pinnate. Trunk spinose.
the lobes of the ovary. Fruit of 3 carpels, adnate to the central 33 VALENTI'NIA. Calyx 5-parted, coloured. Petals want-
axis, each drawn out into a wing both at the top and the back, ing. Capsule baccate, pulpy inside, opening by 3-4 revolute
1-celled, 1-seeded.
valves. Seeds 3-4, oblong. Leaves simple.
22 HYPELA'TE. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, and wanting, 34 PEDICE'LLIA. Flowers polygamo-dioecious. Calyx 5-
naked inside. Stamens 8-10. Style short, crowned by a 2-3- parted. Petals wanting. Stamens 8. Ovary pedicellate. Style
lobed stigma. Ovary 2-3-celled, 2-3-ovulate; ovulæ pendulous. almost wanting, crowned by 3 reflexed stigmas. Capsule 3-
Fruit dry, indehiscent, 1-2-celled from abortion.
valved, containing 1 pedicellate seed. Leaves opposite, simple.
23 APHA'NIA. Calyx 4-parted, unequal. Petals 4, ciliated, 35 PIERA'RDIA. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 4-parted. Pe-
with 2 little scales at the base of each on the inside. Stamens 5. tals 4. Stamens 8. Style crowned by 3 stigmas. Berry glo-
Ovary ovate, compressed, 2-celled, 2-seeded. Style nearly
Style nearly bose, 3-celled, 3-seeded. Leaves simple.
wanting, crowned by an emarginate stigma.
24 Melico'cca. Calyx 4- 5-parted. Petals 4-5, naked in-
Section I.
side and wanting. Stamens 8-10. Style crowned by 2-3-lobed
SAPI'NDEÆ (plants agreeing with Sapindus in important
stigma. Ovary 2-3-lobed, 2-3-celled, 2-3-seeded. Fruit fleshy, characters). Ovary containing i ovula in each cell. Embryo
1
1-2-celled, 1-2-seeded from abortion. Seeds covered by a fleshy curved, rarely straight.
substance.
SECTION II.
* Climbing herbs and shrubs, furnished with tendrils. The
upper or fifth petal absent and with its seat vacant. Leaves de-
DODONÆACEÆ (Cambess. in mem. mus. 19. p. 33.) Cells of compound or pinnate.
ovary containing 2-3-ovulæ (f. 112. g.). Embryo spirally
twisted.
I. CARDIOSPE'RMUM (from kapdia, cardia, the heart,
25 KELREUTE'RIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 3-4, furnished and onepja, sperma, a seed; in allusion to the form of the seeds)
Lin. gen. no. 498. D. C. prod. 1. p. 601. Cambess. in mem.
each with a small, 2-parted appendage at the base. Disk fleshy.
mus. 19. p. 18. t. 1. A and B.—Coríndum, Tour. inst. t. 246.
Stamens 8, rarely 5-6-7. Style truncate or acutish at the apex. LIN. syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals, 2 outer
Capsule bladdery, 1-celled above, but 3-celled below, 3-valved ; ones smallest. Petals 4, 2 lateral ones usually adhering to the
valves seminiferous beneath the middle.
sepals, furnished each with an emarginate scale above the base,
26 Cossi’GNIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 4, naked inside.
2 lower ones remote from the stamens, with their scales furnish-
Stamens 5-6. Style crowned by a capitellate stigma. Ovary 3-
ed with a glandular crest at the apex, and ending in an inflexed
appendage beneath the apex.
Ĝlands 2 on the disk, opposite
celled; cells 3-ovulate. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled ; cells 2-3-
the lower petals; they are either round or linear. Stamens 8,
seeded. Seeds fixed to the central receptacle.
around the base of the ovary, the 4 which are nearest the glands
27 LLAGUNÒA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals wanting. Disk fleshy.
are shortest. Style trifid, with the segments longitudinally stig-
Stamens 8, rarely 9-10. Style crowned by a 3-lobed stigma,
matose inside. Fruit a membranous, bladdery capsule, which is
3-celled, 3-valved, with a thin dissepiment opposite the valves,
Capsule 3-lobed, 3-celled, 3-valved ; valves with a dissepiment
adnate to the central axis. Seeds globose, with a thick funicle,
in the middle of each ; cells 1-2-seeded.
usually expanded into a 2-lobed aril.—Twining and climbing,
28 DodonÆ'a. Calyx 3-4 (f. 112. a.), rarely 5-parted. tendrilled herbs or shrubs, with biternate or supra-decompound,
Petals wanting. Stamens 8, rarely 9-10. Style short, 2-3, exstipulate leaves, and the flowers disposed in short, compound
,
rarely 4-cleft (f. 112. d.). Capsule 2 (f. 112. f.) -3-4-winged,
racemes, with the common peduncle furnished with 2 opposite
tendrils under the flowers.
2-3-4-celled, 2-3-4-valved ; valves keeled, winged on the back
(f. 112. f.).
29 MAGO'NIA. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals 5, naked
Species with 2 short, rounded, hypogynous glands at the
base of the lower petals.
inside. Stamens 8. Style curved, crowned by a somewhat
3-lobed stigma. Capsule large, woody, 3-valved, many-seeded.
1 C. HALICA CABUM (Lin. spec. 925.) stem, petioles, and
Seeds large, flat, girded by a wing. Embryo straight.
leaves smooth ; leaves biternate; leaflets stalked, deeply tooth-
;
ed.
30 ALE'CTRYON. Berry coriaceous, globose, with a crest on
O. S. Native of the East Indies, and perhaps of the
Caribbee Islands. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1049.-Rumph. amb. 6.
one side, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed erect, girded by aril at the t. 24. f. 2. Lam. ill. t. 317. Flowers white, on long, axillary
base. Embryo spirally convolute.
peduncles.
+ Genera allied to Sapindàceæ, but they are not sufficiently Clt. 1594.
Winter-cherry or Common Heart-seed, or Heart-pea. Fl. July.
Clt. 1594. Pl. cl.
known.
2 C. MICROCA'RPUM (H. B, et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
104.) branches smooth; leaves biternate; leaflets deeply-ser-
31 EYSTA'Thes. Sepals 5. Petals 5, ovate, equal with the rated, and clothed on both surfaces with close-pressed down ;
sepals. Stamens 8. Style filiform, crowned by an obtuse capsules rather turbinate, and clothed with hairy-pubescence.

SAPINDACEÆ. I. CARDIOSPERMUM. II. URVILLEA.
657
a
2. U.S. Native of South America in humid places in the
pro- berulous, terminal ones ovate-oblong, acutish, lateral ones oblong,
vince of Orinoco. Flowers white.
obtuse; glands on the receptacle short. O. v. S. Native of
Small-fruited Heart-seed. Pl. cl.
Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Panicles short, corym-
3 C. MO'LLE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer: 5. p. 104.) bose.
branches villous; leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets sharply Small-flowered Heart-seed. Pl. cl.
and deeply serrated, trifid, covered on both surfaces with long, 13 C. ANO'MALUM (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 351. t. 73.) stem
close-pressed hairs, hoary beneath ; capsules somewhat globose, erect, hispid ; leaves biternate ; leaflets pinnate-lobed, acutish,
and clothed with soft hairs. 4. v.s. Native of Mexico near cuneated, hispid ; glands on the receptacle round, short. . h.s.
Guanaxuata. Flowers white.
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Root fusi-
Soft Heart-seed. Pl. cl.
form. Tendrils wanting,
4. "C. LOXE'NSE (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches clothed with Anomalous Heart-seed. Shrub 1 foot.
white wool ; leaves subternate; leaflets coarsely crenate-ser- 14 C. HI'SPIDUM (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches and petioles
rated, clothed with close-pressed hairs on the upper surface, but covered with hispid hairs ; leaves biternate; leaflets deeply
with silky hairs on the under, and hoary ; capsules somewhat crenate-serrated, smooth. 4.9. S. Native of South America
globose, and covered with hairy-pubescence. 2. U.S. Native on the banks of the river Amazon near Tomependa. Flowers
of Peru near Loxa. Flowers white.
whitish. Fruit unknown.
Loxa Heart-seed. Pl. cl.
Hispid Heart-seed. Pl. cl.
5 C. Cori'NDUM (Lin. spec. 526.) leaves tomentose beneath, 15 C. HIRSU'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 467.) stem and petioles
biternate; leaflets on very short stalks, somewhat cordate, cut, hairy; leaves biternate; leaflets stalked, ovate, acuminated,
obtuse ; seeds marked with a black spot in the shape of a heart. smooth, but downy beneath at the origin of the veins. 0. n. S.
O. v. S. Native of Brazil. C. villosum, Mill. dict. no. 3. Native of Guinea. Flowers white.
Flowers white.
Hairy Heart-seed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822.
Clt. 1822. Pl. cl.
Indian-heart-seed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1750. Pl. cl.
† Species not sufficiently known.
** Species with 2 elongated, linear, hypogynous glands be-
16 C. PUBE'SCENS (Lag. gen. et spec. 14.) shrubby pubes-
tween the lower petals and the stamens.
cent; capsules obtuse. ħ. n. S. Native of New Spain.
.
6 C. CANE'SCENS (Wall. pl. rar. asiat. 1. t. 14.) hoary-villous ; Corolla blood-coloured, twice as large as that of C. Halicaca-
leaves biternate ; leaflets cuneately obovate, coarsely serrated,
bum.
intermediate one stalked, and entire at the base, lateral ones Pubescent Heart-seed, Fl. July, Aug.
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
sessile; capsule nearly globose, glaucous, pubescent. o. v. S. Cult. The species of this genus are climbing plants hardly
Native of Ava on the Irawaddi, also at Martaban. Flowers green- worth cultivating except in general collections. They are all
ish-white.
of easy culture, but they will thrive best in a mixture of loam
Canescent Heart-seed. Shrub cl.
and peat; and cuttings will strike root readily in sand under a
7 C. GRANDIFLORUM (Swartz, A. ind. oce. 2. p. 698.) stem hand-glass, in heat. The annual species may be sown thinly in
rather shrubby at the base ; petioles and leaves pubescent; leaves pots in spring, and then placed in a hot-bed, and when the
triternate; capsules acuminated, large, tomentose. hiv. . plants are of considerable size they may be thinned, and the pots
Native of Jamaica in hedges and among bushes. Flowers white. removed to the stove, where they may stand until the plants have
Great-flowered Heart-seed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1817. Sh. cl. ripened their seed.
8 8 C. LEUARTTIA'NUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 349.) stem twin-
ing, puberulous; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong, acute, den- II. URVI'LLEA (in honour of Captain Dumont D'Urville,
tately-serrated, smoothish, terminal one cuneated; glands on the of the French navy, who was sent out to ascertain the fate of La
receptacle elongated and linear. O. v. S. Native of Brazil in Perouse, an acute botanist, author of a paper on the plants of the
the province of Minas Geraes. Panicle short, axillary. Allied Island of Melos). H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 105. t.
to C. élegans.
440. D. C. prod. 1. p. 602. Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 19.
.
Leuartt's Heart-seed. Pl. cl.
LIN. Syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, 2
SYST
9 C. E'LEGANS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 99. t.
outer ones smallest. Petals 4, each furnished with a scale above
489.) stem shrubby at the base ; branches puberulous ; leaves the base, 2 lower ones remote from the stamens, the scales of
biternate ; leaflets coarsely serrated, smooth; capsules some- the 2 lower petals, ending in inflexed appendages. Glands 4 on
what globosely-elliptical, smooth. h. n. S. Native of Peru. the disk, opposite the petals, 2 lowest ones largest. Stamens 8, con-
Flowers white.
nate around the base of the ovary. Style trifid, with the segments
Elegant Heart-seed. Shrub cl.
longitudinally stigmatose on the inside. Capsule membranous, 3-
10 C. COLUTEOI'DES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. winged, a little inflated in the middle, 3-celled, or composed of
100.) leaves biternate ; leaflets coarsely and deeply crenated, 3 1-celled, indehiscent carpels, which are winged on the back.
puberulous above, clothed beneath with soft pubescence, as well Seeds globose, with a thick funicle, expanded into a small, 2-lobed
as the branches ; capsules elliptical-oblong, smooth. 4. v. S.
s, aril.
aril. Embryo hardly curved.—Climbing or twining-tendrilled
Native of South America near Caraccas on mountains. C. vesi- shrubs, with ternate leaves, and with the flowers disposed in
càrium, Humb. rel. hist. 1. p. 39. Flowers whitish.
spike-formed racemes, the common peduncle usually furnished
Colutea-like Heart-seed. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl. cl
. with 2 opposite tendrils under the flowers. Flowers white.
11 C. MACROPHY'LLUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. 1 U. ULMACEA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves ternate ; leaflets
p. 100.) leaves biternate ; leaflets sharply and deeply serrated, ovate, acuminated, regularly serrated, pubescent beneath, as well
clothed beneath, as well as the branches, with soft pubescence, as the petioles and branches. h. n. S. Native of South Ame-
and hoary. 2. n. S. Native of South America near Atures rica on mountains near Caraccas. Koelreutèria triphylla, Pers.
in the province of Orinoco. Fruit unknown.
Fruit unknown. Flowers whitish. ench. 1. p. 414.
Long-leaved Heart-seed. Pl. cl.
Elm-like Urvillea. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
12 C. PARVIFLORUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 351.) stem twin- 2 U. BERTERIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 602.) leaves ternate;
ing, pubescent; leaves biternate ; leaflets deeply toothed, pu- leaflets ovate, coarsely and irregularly toothed, middle one cu-
VOL. I.-PART. VII.
4 P
a
a

658
SAPINDACEÆ. II. URVILLEA. III. SERJANIA.
.
a
p. 465.)
neated at the base, smoothish beneath, as well as the branches leaves ternate ; leaflets ovate, somewhat 3-lobed, cordate, grossly
and petioles. h. n. S. Native of St. Martha. Paullinia Ber- and dentately serrated, cuspidate at the apex, densely clothed
teriana, Balb. mss.
with silky pili ; sepals 4 ; fruit pubescent. h.us. Native of
Bertero's Urvillea. Shrub cl.
Brazil near Rio Janeiro.
3 U. GLA'BRA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 353. t. 74.) stem smooth; Cuspidate-leaved Serjania. Shrub cl.
leaflets ovate-oblong, acutish, mucronulate, nearly entire, smooth. 5 S. LANCEOLA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 356.) branches
h.v. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Leaves ternate. smoothish ; leaves ternate; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, den-
Racemes twin or solitary.
tately-serrated, smooth ; sepals 5. h. v.S. Native of Brazil
Smooth Urvillea. Shrub cl.
in the province of Minas Geraes.
4 U. RUFE'SCENS (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 354.) stem tomentose; Lanceolate-leaved Serjania. Shrub cl.
leaflets ovate, acutish, mucronulate, toothed, smoothish above, 6 S. EMARGINA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves rather biter-
but pubescently-tomentose beneath, and rufescent. h. v. S. nate ; leaflets quite entire, smooth, rounded at the apex and
Native of Brazil. Leaves ternate. Racemes solitary.
emarginate, with the sides somewhat auricled, intermediate one
Rufescent Urvillea. Shrub cl.
3-lobed or 3-cut; fruit smooth. h. S. Native of Mexico
5 U. FERRUGI'NEA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1077.) branches trique- on the mountains.
trous, with the angles covered with long rufous hairs ; leaflets Emarginate-leaved Serjania. Shrub cl.
cordate, toothed, somewhat lobed, villous; fruit villous. h.
* Leaves biternate.
S. Native of Brazil. Leaves ternate. Racemes solitary.
Flowers white; anthers reddish.
7 S. DIVARICA'TA (Schum. 1. c. p. 126. t. 12. f. 2.) leaves bi-
Rusty Urvillea. Fl. May. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
ternate ; leaflets ovate, quite entire, rather acute, shining, stalk-
Cult. Climbing shrubs hardly worth cultivating, except in ed; petioles naked ; wings of carpels dilated and rounded be-
botanic gardens. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam hind. h. n. S. Native of Jamaica in woods. Paullínia diva-
and peat, and large cuttings will strike root readily in sand under ricàta, Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 696.
a hand-glass, in heat.
Divaricate Serjania. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
8 S. VELUTI'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 357. t. 75.) branches
III. SERJA'NIA (in honour of Philip Serjeant, a French
tomentose ; leaves biternate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, grossly and
friar, and botanist). Plum. gen. 34. t. 35. D. C. prod. 1. p.
deeply toothed, velvety above, and brownish tomentose beneath;
602.--Seriàna, Schum. act. soc. nat. hafn. 3. pt. 2. Cambess. in
sepals 5; fruit pubescent. N. v.S. Native of Brazil in the
mem. mus. 18. p. 20.
province of Goyaz.
LIN. Syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5 sepalled, 2
Velvety Serjania. Shrub cl.
outer ones smallest. Petals 4, each furnished with a scale above
9 S. CARACCASA NA
FIG. 111.
the base, the 2 lower ones remote from the stamens, the scales
(Willd.
spec.
3.
of the lower petals ending in an inflexed appendage. Glands
leaves biternate; leaf-
2-4 on the disk at the base of the petals, the 2 upper ones usually lets oblong, acute at
abortive. Stamens 8, inserted in the receptacle, connate around the
both ends, very remote-
ovary at the base. Style trifid, with the segments longitudinally ly toothed, very smooth;
.
stigmatose inside. Capsule 3-winged, or composed of 3 carpels, petioles naked; wings
adnate to the central, filiform axis. Carpels membranous, drawn
of carpels rounded be-
out into a wing at the base, l-celled and 1-seeded at the
apex.
hind. ħ. S. Native
Seeds fixed to the inner angle, with a very thick funicle, usually
dilated into a small 2-lobed aril.—Climbing or twining-tendrilled
of New Spain in Carac- 6
cas, as well as of Gua-
shrubs, with ternate, biternate, rarely triternate, or impari-pinnate, daloupe. Paullínia Ca- OL
stipulate leaves. Flowers white in racemes, with the common
raccasana, Jacq. hort.
peduncle usually furnished with 2 opposite tendrils beneath the
Schonbr. 1. p. 52. t. 99.
flowers.
Caraccas Serjania. Clt. 1816. Shrub cl.
.
* Leaves ternate.
10 S. GLABRA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 110.)
1 S. SINUA'TA (Schum. 1. c. p. 126. t. 12. f. 1.) leaves ternate; leaves biternate, smooth ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, acuminated,
leaflets ovate-lanceolate, sinuately-toothed; wings of carpels cuneated at the base, coarsely crenate-serrated ; petioles naked;
dilated behind. h. n. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands.- wings of carpels rounded behind. ñ. n. S. Native of the
Plum. icon. ed. Burm. t. 113. f. 2. Paullínia Seriàna, Lin. spec. temperate parts of Peru. Very like the preceding species.
524. Jacq. obs. 3. p. 11. t. 61. f. 2. Seriàna Plumeriana, Spreng. Smoothish Serjania. Shrub cl.
syst. 1.
p.
247.
11 S. RACEMÒSA (Schum. 1. c. p. 127. t. 12. f. 5.) leaves bi-
Sinuated-leafletted Serjania. Shrub cl.
ternate; leaflets ovate, acute, profoundly serrated; petioles
2 S. MO'LLIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 108.) nearly naked ; wings of carpels dilated behind, and somewhat
leaves ternate; leaflets ovate, crenate-serrated, rounded at the sinuated in front. h. n. S. Native of Vera Cruz.
base, clothed with silky hairs above, but with silky tomentum Racemose-flowered Serjania. Shrub cl.
beneath, terminal one 3-lobed; fruit hairy. h. S. Native 12 S. SPECTA'BILIS (Schum. l. c. p. 127. t. 12. f. 4.) leaves bi-
of Peru on the Andes between Querocotillo and Montan.
ternate ; leaflets obovate, entire, terminal one retusely emarginate;
Soft Serjania. Shrub cl.
petioles winged; wings of carpels dilated behind.
3 S. ACAPULCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves ternate; Native of South America.
leaflets oblong, rounded at the base, somewhat auricled on the Shewy Serjania. Shrub cl.
sides, obsoletely crenated at the apex. h. n. S. Native of 13 S. CLEMATIDIFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 361.) branches
Mexico between Acapulca and La ởenta del Exido. Perhaps puberulous ; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong, narrowed at both
this plant is only a variety of S. emarginata.
ends, acutish, deeply toothed, coriaceous, pale-green above and
Acapulca Serjania. Shrub cl.
scabrous, pale and puberulous beneath ; sepals 5; fruit densely-
4 S. CUSPIDA'TA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 356.) branches hairy; puberulous at the apex. hiv.s. Native of Brazil, .
a
. n. S.
.

SAPINDACEÆ. III. SERJANIA.
659
h. V
Clematis-leaved Serjania. "Shrub cl.
smooth; leaves biternate ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, acuminated,
14 S. COMMU`NIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 362.) branches pu- obsoletely-toothed, smooth; sepals 4.
S. Native of
berulous; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong, tapering to both Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Racemes forming a panicle
ends, acute or bluntly mucronulate, deeply toothed, puberulous ; at the tops of the branches.
sepals 4 ; fruit smooth. h.
h.v.s.
Native of Brazil in the Great-flowered Serjania. Shrub cl.
province of Rio Janeiro.
25 S. PANICULA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
Common Serjania. Shrub cl.
111. t. 441.) branches pubescent; leaves biternate ; leaflets
15 S. Nóxix (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 363.) branches clothed ovate-elliptical, acuminated, coarsely crenated, smooth, but hairy
with rusty tomentum ; leaves biternate; leaflets elliptic-oblong, at the origin of the veins beneath ; racemes panicled; fruit pu-
tapering to both ends, mucronulate, nearly entire, smoothish;
bescent at the apex.
h.v.S. Native of South America in
sepals 4.
h. v. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio the province of Caraccas in hot places. This plant is very like
Janeiro. This plant is hurtful to cattle.
S. Caraccasàna.
Hurtful Serjania. Shrub cl.
Panicled-flowered Serjania. Shrub cl.
16 S. DOMBEYA'NA (Juss. herb. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 364.) 26 S. LUPULINA (Schum. 1. c. p. 127. t. 12. f. 5.) leaves bi-
branches puberulous; leaves biternate ; leaflets elliptic-oblong, ternate ; leaflets crenated, rusty beneath, terminal one some-
tapering to both ends, acute or shortly acuminated, dentately what rhomboid, lateral ones ovate; petioles slightly winged; wings
serrated, smooth ; sepals 5; fruit smooth, h.U.S. Native of carpels semi-oval. h. n. S. Native of South America.
of Brazil near Rio Janeiro, and in the province of Minas Geraes. Wolf Serjania. Shrub cl.
Dombey's Serjania. Shrub cl.
27 S. LUCIDA (Schum. 1. c. p. 128.) leaves biternate ; leaflets
17 S. PAUCIDENTA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 603.) leaves biter- ovate, acute, serrated; petioles almost naked; wings of carpels
nate; leaflets oval, tapering to both ends, furnished on each half-oval. hin? S. Native of Santa Cruz ?
side with 1 or 2 large teeth ; petioles slightly winged ; wings of Shining-leaved Serjania. Shrub cl.
carpels rounded and dilated behind. h. v.š. Native of 28 S. MULTIFLORA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 365.) branches
Cayenne or French Guiana.
smoothish; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong, rather cuneated,
Few-toothed-leafletted Serjania. Shrub cl.
acuminate, usually mucronulate, grossly and deeply toothed,
18 S. OssA`NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 603.) leaves biternate, smooth ; sepals 5; fruit hairy at the apex. h. u. S.
hivi S. Native
smooth, dark-green, and somewhat shining above, but pale be- of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes.
neath; leaflets ovate, a little toothed at the apex, blunt, Many-flowered Serjania. Shrub cl.
mucronulate; petioles naked; wings of carpels blunt behind. 29 S. MERIDIONA'LIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 366. t. 76.)
.
h. n. S. Native of Cuba near Havannah.
branches smooth; leaves biternate ; leaflets tapering to both
De la Ossa's Serjania. Shrub cl.
ends, acute, and usually mucronate, smooth and dentately ser-
19 S. PUBE’SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) branches villously rated, lateral ones oblong, terminal ones ovate, decurrent down
pubescent; leaves biternate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, obtuse, the petiole ; sepals 5; fruit smooth. h. v. S. Native of Brazil
somewhat mucronated, quite entire or coarsely-crenated at the on the banks of the river Uruguay.
apex, smoothish above, and pubescent beneath. h. n. S. Na- Meridional Serjania. Shrub cl.
tive of South America in the province of Caraccas, in the valleys 30 S. LETHA'LIS (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 367. pl. rem. bras. p.
of Araguen.
235.) branches smooth; leaves biternate ; leaflets lanceolate-
Pubescent Serjania. Shrub cl.
elliptic, tapering to both ends, quite smooth, shining above;
20 S. MEXICA'NA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 465.) leaves biternate ;
;
sepals 5; fruit villous at the apex, and smooth at the base. h.
leaflets obovate, entire or toothed, usually emarginate; petioles Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. This
slightly winged; stem prickly ; racemes compound ; wings of car- plant is very poisonous.
pels rounded and somewhat dilated. hin? S. Native of Poisonous Serjania. Shrub cl.
Mexico. Paullinia Mexicana, Lin. spec. 527. Schum. 1. c. p. 31 S. OXYPE'TALA (H. B. et Kunth, l. c.) branches smooth ;
124. t. 11. f. 3.
leaves biternate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, acuminately mucronate,
Mexican Serjania. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
remotely serrated, smooth, upper ones trifid; fruit smoothish.
21 S. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 466.) leaves biter- n.ns. Native of Peru on the Andes.
nate ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, quite entire, acute; petioles Sharp-petalled Serjania. Shrub cl.
winged. h. v. S. Native of South America.–Plum. icon. ed.
. 32 S. DU'BIA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 247.) leaves biternate;
Burm. t. 113. f. 1. Paullinia Mexicana, Jacq. obs. 3. p. 11. t. 61. leaflets obovate-oblong, shining, mucronately-toothed ; petioles
f. 5. a leaf only.
awl-shaped ; racemes compound. ñ. . s. Native of Porto-
Narrow-leaved Serjania. Shrub cl.
Rico.
22 S. E'LEGANS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 358.) branches pu- Doubtful Serjania. Shrub cl.
berulous; leaves biternate; leaflets oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 33 S. HIRSU'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 367.) branches hairy;
acute, quite entire, rather scabrous; sepals 5; fruit smooth. leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong, tapering to both ends, acute,
h. v.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. mucronulate, deeply-toothed, hairy ; sepals 4; fruit puberulous,
Flowers rose-coloured ?
ħ. v. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes,
Var.ß; leaves full of pellucid dots ; leaflets narrower, long-
acuminated. Flowers whitish-green.
Hairy Serjania. Shrub cl.
34 S. LARUOTTEA`NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 368.) branches
Elegant Serjania. Shrub cl.
puberulous ; leaves biternate ; leaflets oblong, tapering to both
23 S. RETICULA'TA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 359.) branches ends, acute, serrated, smooth; sepals 4; fruit puberulous. n.
smooth ; leaves biternate; leaflets oblong or elliptic-oblong, U.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes.
acuminated, dentately-serrated at the apex, reticulately-veined, Laruott's Serjania. Shrub cl.
quite smooth; sepals 5. h. u. S. Native of Brazil in the pro- 35 S. PALUDÓSA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 368.) branches tomen-
vince of Minas Geraes.
tose; leaves biternate or impari-pinnate; leaflets unequally
Reticulated-leaved Serjania. Shrub cl.
toothed, puberulous above, and tomentose beneath, terminal one
24 S. GRANDIFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 360.) branches elliptic, lower ones oblong; sepals 5; fruit hairy above, and
.
.
4 P 2

660
SAPINDACEÆ. III. SERJANIA. IV. PAULLINIA.
h. u.s.
one;
.
pubescent beneath. þ.u.S. Native of Brazil in the province
h.v.
* Capsules pear-shaped, with wingless valves. Leaves ternate.
of Minas Geraes.
1 P. TURBACE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
Marsh Serjania. Shrub cl.
114.) capsules obtuse, densely clothed with hairs ; leaflets acu-
* * * Leaves triternate.
minated, coarsely serrate-toothed, smooth, shining ; petioles
naked.
36 S. TRITERNATA (Willd. spec. 3. p. 466.) leaves triternate;
h. n. š. Native of New Granada in temperate places
at Turbaco.
leaflets ovate, obtuse, repand ; petioles winged; racemes pa-
nicled ; wings of carpels rounded and dilated.
Turbaco Paullinia. Shrub cl.
S. Na-
tive of South America. -Plum. icon. ed. Burm. t. 112. Paul- 2 P. CURU'RU (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 365.) capsules obtuse;
línia triternáta, Lin. mant. 236. Jacq. amer. p. 110. t. 180. f. 32.
leaflets oblong, serrate-toothed, somewhat acuminated; petioles
pict. p. 56. t. 260. f. 29. Paullínia polyphỹlla, Lin. spec. 525. winged. . . S.
winged. h. . S. Native of the Antilles.—Plum. ed. Burm.
.
Jacq. obs. 3. p. 11. t. 61. f. 10 ? and f. 11.
t. 111. f. 2. Jacq. obs. 3. p. 11. t. 61. f. 4. Cururu is a Carib-
Triternate-leaved Serjania or Supple-Jack. Fl. June, July. bean name.
Clt. 1739. Shrub cl.
Cururu Paullinia. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
3 P. NI'TIDA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) capsule pear-shaped;
**** Leaves impari-pinnate.
leaflets oblong, rather acuminated, coarsely serrate-crenate,
37 S. PARVIFLORA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. smooth, shining ; petioles naked. h. n. S. Native of South
113.) leaves pinnate, with 3 pairs of leaflets and an odd the America on the banks of the river Orinoco, and in Peru. Sema-
lower pair trifoliate, ovate-oblong, crenate-serrated, sharply- rillària nítida, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 339.
mucronate at the apex, smooth above, puberulous beneath ; fruit Shining-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl.
smooth. h. n. S. Native of South America on the banks of 4 P. RIPA'RIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaflets oblong, acute,
the river Amazon.
coarsely-serrated, shining, smooth ; petioles winged ; racemes
Small-flowered Serjania. Shrub cl.
about equal in length with the leaves. h.v. S. Native of
38 S. CAMBESSEDIA'NA (Schlecht. et Cham. in Linnæa. 5. p. South America on the banks of the river Magdalena.
214.) stem smooth, 6-furrowed ; leaves bipinnate or somewhat River-bank Paullinia. Shrub cl.
tripinnate, 4 pairs, upper pinnæ ternate ; leaflets nearly sessile,
of Capsules unknown ; leaves ternate.
tapering into the petiole, mucronate, acuminate, grossly and un-
equally toothed, rather pilose on the nerves beneath, and with 5 P. NODÒSA (Jacq. enum. 35. obs. t. 61. f. 3.) petioles naked;
hairs in the axils of the veins; panicle raceme-formed, destitute leaflets ovate, a little toothed, smooth, middle one obovate ; ra-
of tendrils, pubescent; branches short, usually 5-flowered ; cemes knotted or thickened. h. n. S. Native of the Antilles.
flowers pedicellate, furnished with bracteas ; wings of fruit di- Knotted-racemed Paullinia. Shrub cl.
lated. h. S. Native of Mexico.
6 P. DENSIFLÒRA, (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 3.) petioles
Cambessedes Serjania. Shrub cl.
winged ; leaflets obscurely serrated; racemes aggregate, much-
39 S. HETEROPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 604.) lower leaves branched, 4-times shorter than the petioles. . S. Native
pinnate, with 2 pairs of leaflets, upper ones biternate ; leaflets of New Granada.
ovate, somewhat toothed, smooth, terminal one cuneated at the Dense-flowered Paullinia. Shrub cl.
base; petioles subalate at the apex ; racemes stalked ; wings of
** Capsules pear-shaped, wingless. Leaves pinnate.
carpels rounded behind. h..s. Native of St. Martha.
Variable-leaved Serjania. Shrub cl.
7 P. PINNA'TA (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 366.) young capsules with
Cult. Climbing shrubs hardly worth cultivating unless in
tubercles at the apex ; leaflets 5, ovate-lanceolate, sessile,
general collections. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam crenated; petioles winged. .. S. Native of Brazil, Mex-
and peat. Large cuttings root more freely than small ones. ico, Guiana, Antilles, and equinoctial Africa. Jacq. obs. 3. p.
These should be planted in a pot of sand and placed under a
12. t. 62. f. 12.–Plum. ed. Burm. 76. t. 91.
hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
Pinnate-leaved Paullinia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1752. Sh. cl.
.
8 P. MACROPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaflets 5, oblong,
IV. PAULLI'NIA (in honour of Simon Paulli, a Danish obtuse, remotely and obsoletely toothed, membranaceous, smooth,
naturalist, author of Quadripartitum Botanicum ; died in 1680). but with the nerve and veins hairy ; petioles and rachis winged.
Schum. act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. 3. pt. 2. mss. ann. mus. 4. p. h. n. S. Native of South America on the banks of the river
340. D. C. prod. 1. p. 604. Cambess. in mem, mus. 18. p. 22. Magdalena.
-Carùru, Plum. gen. p. 34. t. 35. Paullínia, spec. Lin.-Se- Long-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl.
marillària, Ruiz et Pav. fl. peru, vol. 4.
,
9 P. ALA'TA ; leaflets 5, oblong, distantly and deeply toothed,
Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4-5 sepals, 2 with winged petioles ; branches quadrangular ; tendrils axillary,
outer ones smallest. Petals 4, each furnished with a scale on twisted and bifid; racemes short, crowded on the old wood.
the inside above the base, the 2 lower ones remote from the h. u.s.
S. Native of Peru. Semarillària alata, Ruiz et Pav.
stamens, the scales of the lower petals ending in an inflexed ap- fl. per. 4. t. 340.
pendage. Glands 2-4 on the disk, opposite the petals, the 2 Winged-petioled Paullinia. Shrub cl.
superior ones usually abortive. Stamens 8, inserted in the recep- 10 P. CARPOPÒDEA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 376. t. 78. B.)
tacle and connate around the ovary at the base. Style trifid, with leaves with 3 pairs of oblong or oblong-lanceolate leaflets, which
the segments longitudinally stigmatose on the inside. Capsule are narrowed at the base and puberulous beneath, acuminated,
pear-shaped, trigonal, usually with 3 short wings at the apex, 3- and mucronulate; lower pair trifoliate ; petioles and rachis
celled, 3-valved; dissepiments membranous, adnate to the cen- naked ; capsule rather clavate, wingless. ñ.v.s. Native of
tral axis. Seeds fixed to the inner angle at the base of the cells, Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes.
half covered by a 2-lobed aril.—Climbing or twining-tendrilled Fruit-footed Paullinia. Shrub cl.
shrubs, with ternate, biternate, triternate, pinnate, bipinnate, or 11 P. AFFÌNis (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 377. t. 78. A.) leaves
decompound stipulate leaves, and axillary racemes of flowers, with 2-3 pairs of oblong or oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, mu-
with the common peduncle usually furnished with 2 opposite cronulate leaflets, which are narrowed at the base, and silky
twisted tendrils below the flowers. Flowers white.
tomentose beneath, lower pair trifolate ; petioles naked; capsule
-

SAPINDACEÆ. IV. PAULLINIA.
661
subclavate, wingless. Þ.U.S. Native of Brazil in the pro- with 4-5 pairs of oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, toothed leaflets,
vince of Minas Geraes.
which are smoothish above and silky-tomentose beneath, 2 or 4
Allied Paullinia. Sh. cl.
of the lower ones trifoliate ; petioles naked; rachis winged ;
12 P. E'LEGANS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 370.) leaves with 2 capsule pear-shaped, with 3 short wings. h.u.S. Native of
pairs of toothed, smooth leaflets; petioles and rachis naked Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Calyx purple.
capsule pear-shaped, 3-lobed, wingless. h. v. S. Native of
Silky Paullinia. Shrub cl.
Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers greenish-
white.
Capsules ovate, obovate or roundish. Leaves pinnate.
Elegant Paullinia. Shrub cl.
23 P. OBOVA'TA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 443.) capsules obovate
13 P. RUBIGINOSA (St. Hil
. f. bras. 1. p. 371.) leaves with leaflets 5, lanceolate, distantly serrated. h. n. S. Native of
2 pairs of oblong, acuminated, sharply serrated leaflets, which Peru in groves. Semarillària obovata, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per.
are rusty-tomentose on the nerves beneath ; petioles and rachis syst. 1. p. 93. fl. per. 4. t. 338.
.
.
naked; capsule obovate or triquetrous, wingless. h.
h. v. s.
Obovate-capsuled Paullinia. Shrub cl.
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes.
24 P. TOMENTÒSA (Jacq. amer: 37. obs. 3. t. 61. f. 13.) cap-
Rusted Paullinia. Shrub cl.
sules obovate, and are as well as the leaves tomentose; leaflets
5, sessile, ovate, rhomboid, repand, obtuse ; petioles marginate.
*** Capsules pear-shaped with winged and keeled valves.
Leaves pinnate.
h. n. S. Native of the Antilles. Old leaves almost smooth.
Tomentose Paullinia. Shrub cl.
14 P. TETRAGO‘NA (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 355.) capsules 3-keeled, 25 P. SENEGALE'NSIS (Juss. ann. 4. p. 348.) capsules ovate,
3-horned ; leaflets 5, ovate, rather serrated, acute, smooth; bluntly trigonal; leaflets 5, sessile, ovate, remotely crenated,
petioles naked; stem tetragonal. h..s. Native of Cayenne. the odd one largest ; petioles marginate ; stem angular, some-
Like P. pinnata.
what tomentose. his. Native of Guinea, particularly in
Tetragonal-stemmed Paullinia. Clt. 1825. Shrub cl. Senegal.
15 P. VESPERTÍLio (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 695.) capsules
Senegal Paullinia. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
winged at the apex; wings horizontal; leaflets 5, ovate, re- 26 P. Cupa'nA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 117.)
.
motely toothed, smooth ; petioles naked. h. n. S. Native capsules ovate, acute; leaflets 5, ovate-oblong, acuminate
of the island of St. Christopher. Schum. act. soc. hist. nat. hafn. coarsely crenate-serrated, coriaceous, smooth, but hairy on the
3. p. 122. t. 11. f.1.
nerves and veins beneath. ħ..S. Native of South America
Bat-capsuled Paullinia. Clt. 1823. Shrub cl.
on the banks of the river Orinoco, and of Trinidad.
16 P. AFRICA'NA ; leaflets 5, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, dis- Cupana's Paullinia. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl.
tantly toothed ; petioles winged; racemes elongated, axillary ;
.
27 P. SPHÆROCA'RPA (Rich. in Juss. ann. 4. p. 348.) capsules
flowers nearly sessile. h. S. Native of Sierra Leone. spherical, smooth ; leaflets 5, almost sessile, ovate, smooth, re-
Capsules winged ?
motely crenated, each ending in a blunt point. h. n. S. Native
African Paullinia. Shrub cl.
of Guinea.
17 P. ACUTA’NGULA (Pers, ench. 1. p. 443.) plant hairy ; Spherical-capsuled Paullinia. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
capsules obovate, triangularly winged at the apex ; leaflets 5, 28 P. SUBROTU'NDA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 443.) capsules large,
oblong-ovate or obovate, acuminated, serrate-toothed; racemes roundish; leaflets 5, oblong-obovate, serrated above.
h. v.S.
axillary, with 2 hooked tendrils at the base of each. N. v. S. Native of Peru in groves. Semarillària subrotunda, Ruiz et
Native of Peru in groves.
Semarillària acutángula, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 92. fl. per. 4. t. 336. The aril which envelops
Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 93. fl. per. 4. t. 337. :
the seeds is eatable.
Acute-angled-capsuled Paullinia. Shrub cl.
Roundish-fruited Paullinia. Shrub cl.
18 P. AUSTRA'lis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 375. pl. rem. bras. 29 P. PTERÓPODA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C.
p. 236. t. 24. B.) leaves with 3 pairs of oblong-cuneated, coarsely prod. 1. p. 605.) capsules somewhat spherical, 3-furrowed, and
.
serrated, smoothish leaflets; lower pair trifoliate ; rachis winged; are as well as the leaves villous; leaflets 5, ovate, coarsely
common petiole naked ; capsule pear-shaped, obtuse, winged. toothed, terminal one cuneated ; petioles marginate. N. v. S.
s. Native of Brazil on the banks of the Uruguay. Native of Mexico.
Southern Paullinia. Shrub cl.
Winged-petioled Paullinia. Shrub cl.
19 P. MELIÆFÒLIA (Juss. ann. 4. p. 347. t. 66. f. 2.) capsules
with 3 small wings at the apex, cohering with the style ; leaves
† Capsules unknown. Leaves pinnate.
with 3 pairs of oblong-lanceolate, remotely toothed leaflets, pu- 30 P. CAULIFLÓRA (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. p. 458.) leaves pinnate,
bescent beneath, lower pair trifoliate. h. n. S. Native of lower leaflets ternate; petioles naked at the base, but marginate
Brazil. Petioles naked; rachis winged.
Shrub sarmentose,
at the top; flowers in capitate corymbs, axillary, and terminal.
6-7 feet.
h..s. Native of Caraccas in South America.
Melia-leaved Paullinia. Clt. 1819. Shrub cl.
Stem-flowered Paullinia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. Sh. cl.
20 P. GRANDIFLÓRA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 372.) leaves with 31 P. ? JAPÓNICA (Thunb. fl. jap. 170.) leaflets 5, on margi-
2 pairs of ovate, grossly-toothed, smooth leaflets; petioles and nate stalks, lower ones almost sessile, 3-lobed; stem herbaceous,
rachis winged. ñ.vis. Native of Brazil in the province of
unarmed. 4.9.G. Native of Japan.
Minas Geraes.
Japan Paullinia. Pl. cl.
Great-flowered Paullinia. Shrub cl.
32 P. CUPANIÆFÒLIA (Rich. in Juss. ann. mus. 4. p. 349.)
21 P. MICRA'NTHA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 373.) leaves with 3 leaflets 5, sessile, ovate-oblong, remotely crenated, very smooth ;
pairs of oblong-cuneated or subcuneated, bluntish, toothed, petioles naked at the base, but marginate between the leaflets .
smoothish leaflets, lower pair trifoliate. ħ.u.S. Native of h. n. S. Native of Guiana in woods.
Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petioles naked.
Ra- Cupania-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl.
chis winged. Fruit pear-shaped, 3-lobed, with 3 short wings. 33 P. CONNARIFÒLIA (Rich, in Juss. 1. c.) leaflets 5, sessile,
Small-flowered Paullinia. Shrub cl.
coriaceous, ovate, bluntly mucronate, almost entire, smooth, but
22 P. SERICEA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 374, t. 77. A.) leaves are rusty as well as the branches ; petioles naked; peduncles
.
h.v.

662
SAPINDACEÆ. IV. PAULLINIA. V. ENOUREA.
destitute of tendrils. h.n. S. Native of Guiana on the bor- Caribbean Paullinia. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl.
ders of woods,
44 P. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaflets coarsely
Connarus-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl.
crenate-serrated, membranaceous, smooth, clothed beneath with
34 P. FIBULA'TA (Rich. in Juss. I. c.) leaflets 5, ovate, some- golden-brownish tomentum ; terminal leaflets ovate-oblong, acu-
what coriaceous, rather toothletted, and somewhat tomentose minated; partial petioles somewhat marginated.
h.ns.
beneath, and are rusty as well as the branches ; petioles naked ; Native of South America on the banks of the river Amazon.
peduncles with thickened, clasp-like, floriferous tendrils. h..s. Pubescent Paullinia. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
Native of Guiana on the borders of woods, where it is called, 45 P. MOLLIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1.c.) leaflets coarsely crenate-
on account of the tendrils, Patte de chauve-souris.
serrated, membranous, with the nerves and veins on the
upper
Clasp-peduncled Paullinia. Shrub cl.
.
surface hairy, but clothed beneath with soft hairy tomentum;
35 P. RUFE'SCENS (Rich. in Juss. 1. c.). leaflets 5, on very terminal leaflets roundish-ovate, acute; petioles naked. h ? ^.S.
short stalks, ovate-lanceolate, remotely crenated, clothed with Native of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena.
rusty tomentum beneath, blackish-green above ; petioles naked ; Soft Paullinia. Shrub cl.
branches rusty, rather angular. h.n. S. Native of Guiana
* * * Leaves triternate.
on the borders of woods. The peduncles are sometimes fur-
nished with tendrils, and sometimes without.
46 P. TRITERNA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, I. c.) leaflets 3-4-toothed,
Rufescent Paullinia. Shrub cl.
coriaceous, smooth, shining, terminal ones obovate ; partial pe-
36 P. INGÆFÒLIA (Rich. in Juss. 1. c.) leaflets 7, coriaceous, tioles and rachis winged. h..S. Native of South America
smooth, lower ones trifoliate ; petioles naked at the base but on the banks of the river Orinoco.
marginate at the apex ; branches striated and scabrous from Triternate-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl.
dots. h. S. Native of Guiana in woods near the confines
of the river Amazon. Peduncles sometimes branched-panicled,
**** * * * Leaves bipinnate or supra-decompound.
sometimes simple, cirrhose and floriferous beyond the middle. 47 P. THALICTRIFÓLIA (Juss. ann. mus. 4. p. 347. t. 66. f. 1.)
Inga-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl.
capsules pear-shaped, 3-winged at the base ; wings broadest at
37 P. MULTIFLÓRA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 379.) leaves with 2- the top, divaricate; leaves somewhat tripinnate, upper ones sim-
3 pairs of elliptic-oblong, mucronulate, smoothish leaflets, which ple ; leaflets ovate, small, entire, or a little toothed.
h..s
taper to both ends, lower pair trifoliate ; petioles and rachis Native of Brazil and St. Domingo.
winged h. v. S. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Meadow-rue-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl.
Paul. Fruit not seen.
48 P. POLYPHY'LLA (Schum. in act. soc. nat. hafn. 3. pt. 2.
Many-flowered Paullinia. Shrub cl.
p. 462.) capsule with obovate valves; leaves supra-decom-
**** * Leaves biternate.
pound; leaflets ovate-cuneated, crenated at the apex, smooth
,
above, villous beneath as well as the petioles. hin. S. Na-
38 P. VETULĪNA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 605.) the whole plant is tive of South America.—Pluk. alm. t. 168. f. 5.? This plant
t.
clothed with velvety tomentum ; capsules pear-shaped, 3-winged; should not be confounded with Serjània triternàta.
leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, coarsely Many-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl.
toothed; petioles naked. H..S. Native of New Granada 49 P. DIVERSIFÒLIA (Jacq. obs. 3. p. 12. t. 62. f. 14.) leaves
in the province of St. Martha.
supra-decompound, lower ones pinnate, the rest ternate; petioles
Velvety Paullinia. Shrub cl.
marginate; leaflets ovate, smooth, a little toothed.
39 P. CURASSA'VICA (Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 366.) capsules ovate,
Native of the Antilles. This plant is probably a species of
with 3 semiobcordate valves; leaflets oval, crenated, odd one Serjània allied to S. triternàta, but perhaps the same as Ser-
cuneated at the base ; intermediate petiole marginate. h..s. jània heterophylla.
Native of Curassoa, and near Caraccas. Jacq. obs. 3. p. 12. t.
Diverse-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl.
61. f. 8.- Plum. ed. Burm. t. 111. f. 2.
50 P. HÍSPIDA (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 268.) leaves bi-
Curassoa Paullinia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1739. Shrub cl.
pinnate at the bottom, and pinnate at the apex; leaflets lan-
40 P. ENNEAPHY'LLA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 337. under ceolate, acuminated, somewhat serrated; branches angular,
Semarillària,) leaves biternate, toothed, acuminated; valves of hispid; stipulas ovate, ciliated ; racemes aggregate. ħ. S.
n.
capsule winged on the back at the apex; racemes axillary, with Native of South America at Caraccas and in the island of Tri-
2 hooked tendrils at the base of each. h... S. Native of nidad.
h
Peru.
Hispid-leaved Paullinia. Clt. 1825. Shrub cl.
Nine-leaved Paullinia. Shrub cl.
51 P. BIPINNA'TA (Poir. dict. 4. p. 99.) leaves bipinnate ;
41 P. BARBADE'NSIS (Jacq. enum. 36. obs. 2. p. 12. t. 61. leaflets ovate, nearly sessile, somewhat crenated at the apex ;
f. 9.) capsules ovate, rather villous, with semiovate valves ; petioles naked and are as well as the branches somewhat tomen-
leaflets oval, quite entire, and serrated, coriaceous; petioles tose; capsules winged, 2-lobed at the
apex. h. n. S. Native
somewhat marginate. h. . S. Native of Barbadoes and the of Brazil at Rio Janeiro. This is probably a species of Serjània.
Antilles.
Bipinnate-leaved Paullinia. Cít. 1816. Shrub cl.
Barbadoes Paullinia. Clt. 1786. Shrub cl.
Cult. Paullinia is a genus of trifling, climbing shrubs, not
42 P. CARTHAGENE'NSIS (Jacq. obs. 3. p. 11. t. 61. f. 6.) worth cultivating, except in general collections. A mixture of
leaflets ovate, oblong, sinuated; petioles marginate ; stem un- loam and peat suits them well, and large cuttings will root in
armed.h.n. S. Native of South America at Carthagena. sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
Carthagena Paullinia. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl.
43 P.? CARIBÆ'Ã (Jacq. obs. 3. t. 62. f. 7.) leaflets oval, a V. ENOU'REA (Eymara-enourou is the name of the shrub
little toothed at the apex, middle ones obovate-cuneated, pe- in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 588. t. 235. D. C. prod. 1.
tioles marginate ; branches prickly. h. n. S. Native of the
Caribbee islands, and in the province of Caraccas? H. B. et Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Dodecandria. Calyx 4-5-parted,
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 118. This is probably a distinct 2 of the lobes are larger than the rest.
Petals 4, inserted in the
species.
bottom of the calyx, 2 of which are larger than the rest, each fur-
1
h.ns.
p. 618.
1

SAPINDACEÆ. V. EnoureA. VI. Toulicia. VII. SCHMIDELIA.
663
--
nished with a petal-like scale on the inside at the claw, with 2 beneath; racemes compound.
ħ. s.
Native of Cayenne.
glands at the base of each of the larger petals on the disk. Sta- Ornítrophe macrophylla, Poir. dict. 8. p. 263. Kunth thinks
mens 13, inserted in the receptacle, unequal, connate at the base, this a species of Cupània.
somewhat leaning to one side. Ovary roundish. Style none. Long-leaved Schmidelia. Tree 20 feet.
Stigmas 3. Capsules spherical, 1-celled, 3-valved, 1-seeded. 2 S. INTEGRIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 610.) leaflets stalked,
Seed erect, clothed with farinaceous pulp.-A climbing shrub ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, smooth ; racemes almost simple.
with impari-pinnate leaves and axillary tendrils. Racemes of ħ. S. Native of Bourbon. Ornítrophe integrifolia, Willd. spec.
flowers panicled. This shrub should perhaps be placed among 2.
p. 322. Lam. ill. t. 309. f. 1. Merulària, Comm.
the Terebinthàceæ, on account of the petals being perigynous, Entire-leaved Schmidelia. Clt. 1804. Tree 16 feet.
as well as from the plant abounding in milky juice.
3 S. SERRATA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 610.) leaves scabrous; leaf-
1 E. CAPREOLATA (Aubl. guian. 1. t. 235.) leaflets 5, cori- lets stalked, ovate, acuminated, serrated; racemes simple. h.s.
aceous, covered with rusty hairs beneath. Ñ .. S. Native Native of Coromandel, frequent on the mountains. Ornítrophe
of Guiana in the small island formed by the river Sinemari. serrata, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 44. t. 61. Flowers small, white, poly-
.
.
Flowers small, white, in clusters,
gamous. The fruit is small and red, and is eaten when ripe by
Climbing Enourea. Shrub cl.
the natives. The root is astringent, and is employed by the
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this plant, and native physicians for diarrhoea.
large cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
Serrated-leaved Schmidelia. Clt. 1804. Tree 12 feet.
4 S. PUBE'RULA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 382.) leaves trifoliate;
Upright trees and shrubs, with pinnate, trifoliate, rarely leaflets on short petioles, elliptic, or elliptic-obovate, acute,
simple leaves.
serrated, puberulous on the nerves; racemes spike-formed,
VI. TOULICIA (Toulici is the name of the tree in Guiana), axillary. h. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 359. t. 140. D. C. prod. 1.
359. t. 140. D. C. prod. 1. p. 612.-Ponæ'a,
greenish.
Schreb. gen. no. 682.
Puberulous Schmidelia. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
LIN. syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
SYST
5 S. LE'vis (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 382.) leaves trifoliate ;
5, each furnished on the inside at the base with a long, 2-parted, leaflets stalked, elliptic-oblong, acuminate, dentately serrated,
pilose appendage. Disk occupying the bottom of the ca-
smooth ; racemes nearly simple. n. S. Native of Brazil near
lyx, 5-lobed, 2 lower lobes largest. Stamens 8, inserted in the
Sebastianople.
disk. Style short, trifid. Fruit 3-winged, composed of 3
Smooth Schmidelia. Shrub.
carpels, adnate to the central filiform axis. Carpels drawn out
6 S. CóBBE (D. C. prod. 1. p. 610.) leaflets stalked, obovate,
into a wing at the base, but l-celled, 1-seeded at the apex.
acute, serrated, pubescent beneath; racemes simple, with a to-
Seeds fixed to the inner angle. A tree, with abruptly pinnate mentose peduncle. n. S. Native of Ceylon. Rhús Cóbbe,
leaves; leaflets opposite. Racemes of flowers forming a large
Lin. spec. 382. Ornítrophe Cobbe, Willd. spec. 2. p
p. 322.
terminal panicle.
Toxicodendron Cóbbe, Gært. fruct. 1. p. 207. t. 44. Toxico-
t
1 T. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. c. Lam. ill. t. 317.).
dendron arbòreum, Mill. dict. no. 8. Berries small, black, poi-
h. S. Native of Guiana in woods. Ponæla saponarioides,
Cobbe is the name of the tree in Ceylon.
Willd. spec. 2. p. 470. Leaves abruptly pinnate, with 8 pairs
Cobbe Schmidelia. Tree 12 feet.
of opposite lanceolate leaflets, which are broadest at the base.
7 S. PANÍGERA ; leaflets stalked, ovate, acute, serrated, to-
Flowers small, white, disposed in terminal racemose panicles.
mentose beneath, as well as being bearded at the origin of the
Guiana Toulicia. Tree 20 feet.
nerves ; racemes simple, with a tomentose peduncle. n. S.
Cult. This tree will succeed well in a mixture of loam and
Native of New Caledonia. Ornítrophe panígera, Lab. nov.
peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass,
caled. t. 52. Petals unguiculate. Stigmas 2.
in heat.
Cloth-bearing Schmidelia. Tree 30 feet.
8 S. VITICIFOLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 7. p. 215.) leaves
VII. SCHMIDE'LIA (in honour of Casimer Christopher
ternate ; leaflets stalked, acute at both ends, remotely crenate-
Schmiedel, once a professor at Erlange, who wrote several bota- serrated, smooth above, pubescent beneath, elliptic-oblong,
nical dissertations between 1751 and 1793). Lin. mant. 51.
lateral ones unequal-sided ; racemes panicled., . S. Native
h.S.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 610.—Ornítrophe, Juss. gen. 247. Pers. ench. .
of Cuba near Havannah.
p.
1. p. 412.—Allophyllus, Lin. gen. no. 476.—Toxicodendron,
Vitex-leaved Schmidelia. Tree.
Gært, fruct. 1. t. 44. but not of Tourn.-Aporètica, Forst. gen.
9 S. RACEMÒSA (Lin. mant. 67.) leaflets stalked, somewhat
no. 66. D. C, prod. 1610.–Gemélla, Lour. cochin. 762.
serrated, smooth ; racemes simple. h. S. Native of the East
Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, un-
Indies. Usúbis triphylla, Burm. ind. t. 32. f. 1. Ornítrophe
equal. Petals 4, the fifth or superior one deficient, and its
Schmidèlia, Pers. ench. 1. p. 412. Allophyllus racemòsus, Swartz,
seat vacant; naked on the inside, or usually furnished with a prod. p. 62. Branches flexuous. Flowers digynous. This
scale above the claw. Disk incomplete, 4-glanded; glands species is very like S. Cóbbe,
opposite the petals. Stamens 8, inserted in the receptacle, and
Racemose-flowered Schmidelia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1820.
connate around the ovary at the base. Style immersed between
Tree 12 feet.
the lobes of the ovary, usually seated on the axis, 2-3-cleft,
10 S. BOJERIA'NA (Cambess, in mem, mus. 18. p. 38.) leaves
with the segments longitudinally stigmatose inside. Fruit inde- ternate, smoothish, pale-green above, paler beneath ; leaflets
hiscent, 1-2 rarely 3-lobed ; lobes roundish, fleshy, or dry, 1. oblong, nearly sessile
and nearly entire, terminal one cuneated
seeded.
Seeds arillate or exarillate. Trees or shrubs, usually and somewhat acuminated, lateral ones bluntish ; racemes axil-
with trifoliate, rarely with simple exstipulate leaves and racemose
lary, branched.
Native of Madagascar, where it is
white flowers. Racemes axillary.
called Lefoun-doula.
* Leaves trifoliate.
Bojer's Schmidelia. Tree.
11 S. Comínia (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 667.) leaflets stalked,
1 S.? MacroPHY'LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 610.) leaflets stalked, oblong, tapering to both ends, serrated, pubescent beneath ;
ovate-acuminated, quite entire, coriaceous, rather pubescent racemes compound. h. S. Native of Jamaica in the western
7
sonous.
a
-
-
LIN. SYST.
h. S.

664
SAPINDACEÆ. VIISchmidELIA. VIII. Irina. IX. Prostea.
mountains as well as of Cuba. Rhus Comìnia, Lin. amoen. 5. trifoliate ; racemes axillary, spiked ; petals pilose. ñ.g. Na-
p. 395. Allophyllus Comìnia, Swartz, prod. 62. Ornítrophe tive of Cochin-china. Gemélla trifoliàta, Lour. fl. coch. 649.
.
fi
Comìnia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 323.-Sloan. hist. 2. t. 208. f. 1. Aporètica Gemélla, D. C. prod. 1. p. 610. Schmidèlia Co-
Flowers small, whitish-yellow. Fruit small orange-coloured. chinchinensis, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 222. Flowers white. Leaflets
The tree is called Cominia by the natives of Jamaica.
ovate-lanceolate, unequally-serrated, smooth.
Cominia Schmidelia. Clt. 1778. Tree 15 feet.
Twin-fruited Schmidelia. Shrub 6 feet.
6
12 S. AFRICA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 610.) leaflets stalked, 23 S. HETEROPHY'LLA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 383. t. 82.)
oval, tapering to both ends, serrate-toothed; peduncle divided leaves nearly simple, rarely trifoliate, terminal one oblong-
into 2 or 3 somewhat spiked racemes. h.S. Native of Guinea cuneated, acuminated, sharply-serrated, smoothish ; lateral leaf-
in the kingdom of Waree, on the banks of the river Formosa. lets small or abortive; racemes spike-formed, axillary.
h. S.
Allophyllus Africànus, Beauv. Al. d'ow. 2. p. 74. t. 107. S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Flowers yellowish-green.
racemosa, Afz. mss.
Thouínia dioíca, Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 21. t. 4.
African Schmidelia. Tree 20 feet.
Various-leaved Schmidelia. Shrub 4 feet.
13 S. DISTA'CHYA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 610.) leaflets stalked,
** Leaves simple.
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated, smooth; racemes axil-
lary, twin, spike-formed. F. S. Native of Bengal. Very
24 S. RIGIDA (Swartz, A. ind. occ. 2. p. 663.) leaves ovate-
like S. Africàna.
lanceolate, spiny-toothletted ; racemes simple. h.S. Native
Twin-spiked Schmidelia. Tree 20 feet.
of Hispaniola on arid mountains. Ornítrophe rígida, Willd.
14 S. OCCIDENTA`LIS (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 665.) leaflets spec. 2. p. 324. Allophyllus racemòsus, Swartz, prod. 62. This
almost sessile, oblong, tapering to both ends, serrated, smooth,
plant has the habit of Thouínia simplicifolia.
or somewhat tomentose beneath ; racemes simple. h.S. Na- Stiff Schmidelia. Shrub 6 feet.
tive of St. Domingo among bushes on the mountains, and on the 25 S. AlloPHY'LLUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 611.) leaves oval,
Andes about Quindiu. Ornítrophe occidentalis, Willd. spec. 2.
acuminated, quite entire ; racemes axillary, very short. . s.
p. 323. Lam. ill. t. 309. f. 2.
Native of Ceylon. Allophyllus Zeylanicus, Lin. spec. 496. Or-
Western Schmidelia. Shrub 8 feet.
nítrophe Allophyllus, Pers. ench. 1. p. 412.
15 S. Spica'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 611.) leaflets sessile, ovate, Foreign Schmidelia. Tree 20 feet?
somewhat serrated, tomentose beneath, terminal leaflet twice
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this genus well,
the size of the lateral ones; racemes spicate, filiform. h.S. and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in
Native of? Ornítrophe spicàta, Poir. dict. 8. p. 265.
heat. The species are not worth cultivating unless in general
Spicate-flowered Schmidelia. Tree.
collections.
16 S. TIMORIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 611.) leaflets sessile,
VIII. IRI'NA (meaning not evident). Blum. bijd. p. 229.
ovate, acuminated, serrate-toothed, smooth ; racemes compound.
Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 24.
h.s. Native of the Island of Timor, and probably of Malabar.
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per-
- This is probably Molàgo Maram of Rheed. mal. 5. t. 25.
manent. Petals 5, naked inside, length of calyx. Disk emar-
Timor Schmidelia. Tree small.
17 S. GLABRA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 122.) ginate, girding the genitals. Stamens 5, approximating the pis-
til in the male flowers, very long. Ovary didymous, 2-celled ;
leaflets stalked, elliptical, obtuse, somewhat mucronated, quite
cells 1-ovulate. Style crowned by an obtuse stigma. Carpel
entire, smooth; racemes ternate. ħ.s. Native of South Ame-
rica on the banks of the river Magdalena near Nares.
solitary from abortion, coriaceous, dry, indehiscent. Seed soli-
tary, exarillate.—Trees with abruptly pinnate leaves, and spiked,
Smooth-leaved Schmidelia. Tree 40 feet.
minal panicles of flowers.
18 S. Móllis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 122.)
leaflets stalked, elliptical-oblong, repandly-toothletted, hairy
1 I. GLA'BRA (Blum. bijdr. p. 230.) leaflets smooth, serrated;
above, hairy-tomentose on the veins and nerves below ; racemes
panicle composed of numerous spikes or racemes.
h.s. Na-
tive of Java.
compound. Þ.S. Native of New Granada in shady places.
Smooth Irina. Tree.
Soft Schmidelia. Tree 60 feet.
19 S. GUARANI'TICA (St. Hil. bull. philom. 1823. p. 133.) leaflets serrated ; panicle composed of numerous racemes, also
2 I. TOMENTÒSA (Blum. bijdr. p. 230.) leaves tomentose;
leaflets coarsely toothed at the top, and pubescent beneath, in-
h.s. Native of Java.
termediate one stalked, lanceolate, lateral ones ovate-lanceolate;
Tomentose Irina. Tree.
common petiole downy; racemes simple, much shorter than the
leaves. h.S. Native of Brazil.
3 I. INTEGE'RRIMA (Blum. bijdr. p. 231.) leaflets smooth,
Guaranitic Schmidelia. Tree.
quite entire ; panicle composed of numerous spikes or racemes.
h.S. Native of Java.
20 S. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 611.) leaves on
long petioles ; leaflets serrated; racemes terminal ; petals pilose,
Very-entire-leafletted Irina. Tree.
Cult. Loam and sand will suit this genus well, and ripened
small. h.G. Native of Cochin-china on the banks of rivers.
Allophyllus ternàtis, Lour. Al. coch. 232. This shrub is pro-
cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
bly identical with S. Cóbbe or Timoriénsis. Flowers small, IX, PRO'STEA (in honour of M. Prost, of Mende, who has
white. The inhabitants of Cochin-china use the leaves of this published a catalogue of the plants of Lozere, and who deserves
shrub as a cataplasm for contusions.
to be recognised by botanists on account of his distributing
Cochin-china Schmidelia. Shrub 5 feet.
among them dried plants of that country). Cambess. in mem.
21 S. TERNATA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 24.) leaves mus. 18. p. 25. t. 1. e.
trifoliate ; racemes axillary, nearly simple ; petals smooth. h.
G. Native of New Caledonia. Pomètia ternàta, Willd. spec. 3. lobes smallest. Petals 5, each furnished with a small scale on
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, 2 outer
p. 398. Aporètica ternàta, Forst. gen. p. 74. Flowers white ? the inside at the base. Disk annular, occupying the bottom of
Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8.
the calyx. Stamens 20, inserted between the margin of the disk
Ternate-leaved Schmidelia. Tree.
and the ovary, disposed in a double series. Style crowned by a
22 S. GEME'LLA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 24.) leaves somewhat 3-toothed stigma, immersed between the lobes of the
H. S.
-
tomentose.

SAPINDACEÆ. IX. PROSTEA. X. LEPISANTHES. XI. SAPINDUS.
665
-
a
9
h. S.
p. 607.
ovary. Ovary deeply 4-lobed ; lobes roundish, 3-celled; cells weight of soap; but they are observed to corrode or burn the
1-ovulate. Fruit indehiscent, 1-lobed from abortion, fleshy. linen in time, and the water in which the tops or leaves have
1-celled.—A tree with impari-pinnate, exstipulate leaves. been steeped or boiled has the same quality in some degree.
Flowers fasciculate, in compound racemes.
Petals pilose. The seeds are round and hard, have a fine polish, and are fre-
1 P. PINNA'TA (Cabess. 1. c.) Ķ. S. Native of Guinea. quently made into buttons and beads among the Spaniards. The
Ornítrophe pinnàta, Poir. 8. p. 266. Schmidèlia pinnata, D. C. whole plant, especially the seed-vessels, being pounded and
prod. 1. p.
.
611. Leaves with 6-7 pairs of smoothish, oblong- steeped in ponds, rivulets, or creeks, are observed to intoxicate
acuminated leaflets. Petioles and branchlets pubescent.
and kill fish.
Pinnate-leaved Prostea. Tree.
Common Soap-Berry. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1697. Tree 20 ft.
Cult. Loam and peat will suit this tree, and ripe cuttings 2 S. MARGINA'TUS (Willd. enum. 432.) rachis of leaves with a
will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
narrow margin at the top ; leaflets 6 pairs, lanceolate. h. G.
Native of Georgia and Carolina on the sea-coast. S. saponària,
X. LEPISA'NTHES (from Denis, lepis, a scale, and avlos, Michx. f. amer. bor. 1. p. 242. Fruit possessing the same
anthos, a flower; in allusion to the scales on the petals). Blum. qualities as those of the preceding species. Flowers small,
bijdr. 137 and 238. Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 25.
p
white.
Lin. syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 sepals, some- Marginate-petioled Soap-Berry. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1697.
what unequal, imbricate. Petals 4-5, a little longer than the Tree 12 feet.
calyx, each furnished with a scale on the inside. Disk emargi- 3 S. FORSY'THII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 607.) rachis of leaves with
nate, girding the genitals. Stameris 8, very short, approximating a narrow wing ; leaflets quite entire, coriaceous, on very short
the pistil. Ovary trigonal, 3-celled ; cells l-ovulate. Style petioles, elliptical, tapering to both ends, 3-5 pairs.
almost wanting. Stigma obtuse. Drupe ? tetragonal, contain- Native of the Island of Granada on the sea-beach. The leaves
ing a 3-celled, 3-seeded nucleus.-A tree with abruptly-pinnate when bruised have a smell like that of garlic. Fruit globose, pos-
leaves ; leaflets nearly opposite. Racemes simple, axillary, and sessing the same quality as that of the first species. Flowers
lateral.
small, white, numerous, disposed in dense terminal panicles.
1 L. MONTA'NA (Blum. 1. c.) K.S. Native of Java.
Forsyth's Soap-Berry. Fl. July, Sept. Cit.? Shrub 8 feet.
Mountain Lepisanthes. Tree.
4 S. STENO'PTERUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 607.) rachis of leaves
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree, and with a very narrow wing ; leaflets 4 or 5 pairs, quite entire,
ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. coriaceous, ovate-oblong, and very much acuminated. ñ. S.
Native of St. Domingo. Panicle terminal, loose. Flowers
XI. SAPI’NDUS (a syncope of Sapo-Indicus, Indian-soap. small, white. Very like S. rígidus, but differs in the petiole being
The aril which surrounds the seeds of S. saponària is used as winged and smooth.
soap in South America). Lin. gen. no. 499. D. C. prod. 1. Narrow-winged-petioled Soap-Berry. Shrub 10 feet.
5 S. MICROCA RPA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 341.) leaves
LIN. SYST. Octo-Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted.
Lin
Calyx 5-parted. abruptly-pinnate, with 3-4 pairs of leaflets on a winged petiole ;
Petals 5, naked on the inside, or furnished with a scale above panicles terminal ; fruit small, round. h. S. Native of Peru.
the claw. Disk occupying the bottom of the calyx, regular, en- Small-fruited Soap-Berry. Shrub.
tire or crenulated. Stamens 8-10, inserted between the margin
of the disk and ovary. Style crowned by a 3 rarely 2-lobed
* * Rachis or common petiole not winged.
stigma. Fruit fleshy, 1-2-lobed from abortion, rarely 3-lobed ; 6 S. RIGIDUS (Ait. hort. kew, 2. p. 36.) rachis pubescent ;
lobes roundish, indehiscent, 1-2-seeded from abortion, rarely 3- leaflets 3 pairs, ovate-oblong, smooth. h.s. Native of South
seeded. Seeds without aril. Embryo curved or straight. America and the West Indies. Gært. fruct. 1. t. 70.f. 3.-Pluk.
Trees with exstipulate, impari or abruptly-pinnate leaves, or
, alm. t. 217. f. 7. Flowers small, white, disposed in super-
from abortion having only one leaflet ; leaflets
opposite or alter- decompound, terminal racemes, a foot long. Berry with a thin
nate. Racemes disposed in terminal panicles. Berries all red and pulp, becoming towards the middle a white, tomentose, spongy
saponaceous, and may be used in the same manner as those of substance, embracing a trigonal-globular, bony nut.
S. saponària. Flowers small, white, or greenish-white.
Stiff-leaved Soap-Berry. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1759. Tree
-
20 feet.
* Rachis winged.
7 S. ARBORE'SCENS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 357. t. 139.) leaflets 3
1 S. SAPONA'RIA (Lin. spec. 526. exclusive of the synonyme pairs, ovate, each with a short acumen, smooth ; racemes axillary,
of Pluk.) rachis of leaves decurrent, broadly winged, leaflets nearly simple. ħ. S. Native of Guiana in woods. Flowers
quite entire, lanceolate, 3-4 pairs, with an odd one, which is ter- unknown. Fruit small, red.
minated by a long point; panicles terminal ; fruit round.
Arborescent Soap-Berry. Clt. 1824. Shrub 7 feet.
Native of the Caribbee Islands and various parts of South Ame- 8 S. FRUTE'SCENS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 355. t. 138.) leaflets
rica. Ruiz et Pav.fl.per. 4. t. 341.—Comm. hort. 1. t. 94. Flowers oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth, 7 pairs, racemes axil-
small and white. These are succeeded by oval or round berries lary, almost simple. . S. Native of Guiana in woods and
as large as cherries, sometimes single, at others 3 or 4 are joined cultivated fields. Flowers unknown. Fruit twin, globose, scarlet,
together; these have a saponaceous skin, which incloses a very about the size of a cherry. Stem straight.
smooth, roundish nut, of a shining-black when ripe. These Frutescent Soap-Berry. Clt. 1824. Shrub 8 feet.
nuts were formerly brought to England for buttons to waistcoats, 9 S. DIVARICA'TUS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 390.) rachis wing-
some were tipped with gold, and others with different metals ; less ; leaves with 3-5 pairs of lanceolate-falcate, acute, smoothish,
they were very durable, as they did
not wear, and seldom broke. unequal-sided leaflets : racemes short, branched; calyx pubes-
The skin and pulp which surround the nuts are used in America
cent; petals naked. h. S. Native of Brazil in the province
to wash linen, but it is very apt to burn and destroy it if often of Minas Geraes. Racemes forming a panicle. Stamens 8-10.
used, being of a very acrid nature. The seed vessels, according Divaricate-panicled Soap-Berry. Tree 20 feet.
to P. Browne, are very detersive and acrid ; they lather freely 10 S. SURINAME'NSIS (Poir. dict. 6. p. 600.) leaflets 6-8
in water, and will cleanse more linen than sixty times their pairs, elliptical-lanceolate, very smooth, membranaceous ; pani-
4 Q
a
a
.
h.s.
VOL.I.PART. VII.

666
SAPINDACEÆ. XI. SAPINDUS. XII. ERIOGLOSSUM. XIII. MOULINSIA.
a
cles divaricate. h. S. Native of Surinam. Flowers greenish- 2. p. 134. S. saponària, Lour. coch. 238? S. pinnatus, Mill.
white. Fruit globose, hardly the size of a cherry,
dict. no. 3.? Loureiro celebrates the berries of this tree,
Surinam Soap-Berry. Shrub 10 feet.
slightly bruised and steeped in water, as a very excellent soap,
11 S. INÆQUALIS (Ď. C. prod. 1. p. 608.) leaflets ovate-lan- and remarks, that it is only required to use them with prudence,
ceolate, acuminated, smooth, broader on one side than the other, all abstergents being in some degree corrosive. He describes it
4 pairs ; panicles divaricate. h. S, Native of Guadaloupe. as a very large tree, and as both wild and cultivated in Cochin-
Lam. ill. t. 307. f. 1. S.-laurifolius, in herb. Balb. but not of china. It has also been found in the South-sea Islands.
Vahl. Flowers small, whitish.
Rarak Soap-Berry Tree 40 feet.
,
Unequal-leaved Soap-Berry. Shrub 6 feet.
23 S. ABRU'PTUS (Lour. A. coch. 238.) leaves abruptly-
12 S. ANGULA'TUS (Poir. dict. 6. p. 665.) leaflets broad-ovate, pinnate; leaflets lanceolate, smooth ; flowers campanulate, of 4
obtuse, coriaceous, smooth and shining above, pubescent beneath, sepals and 4 petals. h.G. Native of China about Canton.
3 pairs; fruit of 3 joined carpels, which are keeled on the back. Racemes large, terminal. Flowers pale.
his. Native of ?
Abrupt-leaved Soap-Berry. Tree 30 feet.
Angular-fruited Soap-Berry. Shrub 6 feet.
24 S. MUKORÓSSI (Gært. fruct. 1. p. 342. t. 70.) leaflets 6
13 S. JUGLANDIFÒLIUS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 391.) rachis pairs, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, smooth, tender ; berry ovate,
wingless ; leaves with 4-5 pairs of oblong, equal-sided, smooth acuminated at both ends. Þ.G. Native of Japan about Jeddo.
leaflets, which are rounded at the apex; racemes branched; Thunb.jap. 356. no. 37. Fruit of 3 carpels, 2 of them are abor-
calyx hairy ; petals each furnished with a 2-lobed scale on the tive, the third very large. Thunberg informs us, that the fruit
inside. N.S. Native of Brazil near Rio Janeiro. Stamens 8. was reported by the Japanese physicians to be bitter and juicy.
Walnut-leaved Soap-Berry. Tree 25 feet.
The tree is called Mukorossi in Japan.
14 S. ESCULE'NTUS (St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. no. 68. f. bras. I. Mukorossi or Japan Soap-Berry Tree 20 feet.
p. 391.) rachis wingless ; leaves with 2-4 pairs of oblong, attenu-
ated, equal-sided, smooth leaflets; racemes spike-formed ; calyx † Species not sufficiently known, with simple leaves.
tomentose; petals each furnished with a bifid scale on the inside
25 S.? I'NDICUS (Poir. dict. 6. p. 667.) leaves almost sessile,
at the base. h.s. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas
smooth, netted with veins, usually linear-lanceolate, undivided,
Geraes, where it is called Pittombera, and where the inhabitants
but sometimes it is divided to the base into 2 opposite, ovate-
eat the aril which surrounds the seeds.
lanceolate lobes.
Esculent Soap-Berry Tree 20 feet.
h.S. Native of the East Indies.
.
15 S. SENEGALE'NSIS (Poir. dict. 6. p. 666.) rachis of leaves
Indian Soap-Berry. Tree 20 feet.
flattened and striped, somewhat pubescent; leaflets ovate,
26 S. SIMPLICIFOLIUS ; leaves simple, oblong, entire, coriace-
lanceolate, smooth, with strong nerves on both surfaces, 2-3
ous, oblique at the base ; panicles axillary. K.S. Native of
Guinea.
pairs. Þ.S. Native of Senegal. Fruit globose, the size of a
Simple-leaved Soap-Berry. Shrub 4 feet.
strawberry.
Senegal Soap-Berry. Clt. 1823. Tree 10 feet.
Cult. Sapindus is a genus of trees and shrubs possessing no
16 S. GUINEE'NSIS; leaflets numerous, ovate-lanceolate; young
beauty, therefore they are hardly worth cultivating except in
,
branches, as well as panicles
, clothed with rufous hairs ; panicles general collections. They will thrive well in a mixture of foam,
large, terminal. ħ.S. Native of Guinea. Fruit red, about
peat, and sand, and large cuttings will strike root in sand under
the size of a cherry, with a whitish farinaceous pulp.
a hand-glass, in heat. Seeds obtained from the places of their
Guinea Soap-Berry. Fl. April, May. Shrub 6 feet.
natural growth should be sown directly.
17 S. TETRAPHY’LLUS (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 54.) leaflets lanceo-
late-oblong, smooth, 2 pairs ; racemes almost simple; petals XII. ERIOGLO'SSUM (from eplov, erion, wool, and ylwoga,
smooth. h.s. Native of the East Indies.
glossa, a tongue; in allusion to the scales of the petals being
Four-leaved Soap-Berry. Shrub 8 feet.
8
villous). Blum. bijdr. p. 229. Cambess. in mem. mus. 18.
18 S. SALICIFOLIUS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 608.) leaflets 2 pairs ;
linear-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth ; racemes compound; pe- Lin. syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-sepalled, 2 inner
tals bearded on the inside. n. S. Native of the Island of sepals smallest. Petals 4, concave, each furnished with a bifid,
Timor. Fruit unknown.
villous scale on the inside. Stamens 8, unequal, villous. Ova-
Willow-leaved Soap-Berry. Shrub 6 feet.
ries 3, 1-seeded, connate with the style, which is crowned by an
19 S. LAURIFÒLIUS (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 54.) leaflets 3 pairs, obtuse stigma. Carpels elliptical, baccate, connate at the base,
ovate-oblong, attenuated, smooth ; panicles loose ; petals tomen- usually solitary from abortion.—A shrub with the habit of Sa-
tose on the borders. h. S. Native of Malabar.-Rheed. mal. píndus, bearing eatable fruit, and with pinnate leaves ; leaflets
4. t. 19. S. trifoliata, Lin. spec. 625.
3-4 pairs, usually with an odd one.
Laurel-leaved Soap-Berry. Clt. 1820. Tree 10 feet.
1 E. E'DULE (Blum. l. c.) K.S. Native of Java. Sapindus
20 S. LONGIFÒLIUS (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 53.) leaflets 5 pairs, édulis, Blum. cat. hort. buitenz,
smooth, with a terminal, lanceolate leaflet. h.S. Native of Eatable-fruited Erioglossum. Shrub 6 feet.
the East Indies. Calyx tomentose-hoary. Fruit unknown. Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit this shrub,
Long-leaved Soap-Berry. Clt. 1820. Tree 10 feet.
and ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
21 S. EMARGINA Tus (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 54.) leaflets 2-3 pairs,
oblong, emarginate, villous beneath ; panicles decompound, pu- XIII. MOULI'NSIA (in honour of M. Charles des Moulins,
bescent; petals with tomentose margins. h.S. Native of the of Bourdeaux, author of many interesting memoirs on various
East Indies. Fruit of 3 joined carpels, somewhat globular, and branches of natural history). Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p.
.
densely clothed with yellowish hairs.
27. t. 2.
Emarginate-leaved Soap-Berry. Clt. 1822. Tree 12 feet. LIN. Syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
22 S. RA'rak (D. C. prod. 1. p. 608.) leaflets 3-10 pairs, 4, the fifth deficient, and with its seat vacant, each furnished
.
oblong, retuse, very smooth, membranaceous.
H.S.
Native with a cucullate scale above the base, with the scales crested at
of Java, Amboyna, and Cochin-china.—Rárak, Rumph. amb. the apex, and ending in an inflexed appendage beneath the apex.
p. 27.
а
-
.
1

SAPINDACEÆ. XIII. MOULINSIA. XIV, CUPANIA.
667
7
.
h. S.
a
Disk incomplete, 4-lobed, with the lobes opposite the petals. Tall Cupania. Clt. 1824. Tree 60 feet.
Stamens 8, excentral, connate around the ovary at the base. Pistil 9 C. VERNA'LIS (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 387.) leaves with 5-6
excentral.' Style crowned by a somewhat 3-lobed stigma, seated pairs of oblong, sharply-serrated leaflets, which taper to the base,
between the lobes of the ovary. Ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled; cells smooth above and puberulous beneath ; calyx tomentose. h.S.
1-ovulate. Capsule 3, or from abortion only 2-lobed, 2-3- Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Grande do Sul, where it
celled, opening at the cells into 2-3 valves.-Trees with exsti-
is called Cambuata. Ovary 3-lobed, 3-celled. Flowers decan-
pulate ? abruptly-pinnate leaves; leaflets alternate or opposite. drous; filaments pilose.
Flowers racemose, white.
Spring Cupania. 'Tree 20 feet.
1 M. CUPANOÌDES (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 40. t. 2.) 4 C. EUPHORIÆFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 388.) leaves with
leaves with 5-7 pairs of oblong, somewhat acuminated, stalked, 4-5 pairs of oblong, entire, smoothish leaflets, which are narrowed
entire leaflets, which taper to both ends ; racemes compound, at the base ; calyx permanent, puberulous; fruit pubescent.
terminal. n. S. Native of Timor and Java. Sapíndus fraxi- h. S. Native of Brazil. Capsule pear-shaped, 2-3-lobed,
nifolius ? D. C. prod. 1. p.
608.
2-3-celled.
Cupania-like Moulinsia. Tree.
Euphoria-leaved Cupania. Shrub.
2 M. RUBIGINÒSA ; petioles villous; leaves with many pairs 5 C. PANICULATA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 388. t. 80.) leaves
of opposite, nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, with 5 pairs of elliptic, obtuse leaflets, rounded at the base,
entire, nearly smooth leaflets ; panicle terminal, composed of dentately serrated, shining above but tomentose beneath; calyx
numerous simple racemes.
Native of Pulo-Penang tomentose. ħ. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas
and Coromandel. Sapíndus rubiginosus, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 44. Geraes. Flowers octandrous. Filaments pilose.
t. 62. Calyx of 5 unequal sepals. Petals 4, white, appendi- Panicled-flowered Cupania. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
culate at the base; appendages furnished with 2 transverse lines 6 C. LATIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 126.)
of white hairs. Stamens villous, 8, unequal, incumbent. This leaflets 2 pairs, obovate-oblong, retuse, repandly toothed, smooth,
tree is called Ishyrashy among the Telingas. The wood is very but hairy on the veins beneath.
but hairy on the veins beneath. 1.S. Native of an island in
useful for various purposes, being large, straight, strong, and the river Magdalena, called Isla de Brugas. Fruit unknown.
durable, towards the centre it is of a chocolate colour.
Broad-leaved Cupania. Tree 40 feet.
Rusted Moulinsia. Clt. 1821. Tree 20 feet.
7 C. SCROBICULA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit these 127.) leaflets 4 pairs, oblong, retuse, remotely and sharply
trees, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, toothed, somewhat membranaceous, smooth, scrobiculate at the
in heat.
origin of the veins beneath. h.S. Native of New Granada
near Turbaco. This species comes very near C. glabra.
Scrobiculate-leaved Cupania. Tree 20 feet.
-
XIV. CUPA'NIA (in memory of Father Francis Cupani, an
8 C. RETICULATA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 41.) leaves
Italian monk, author of Hortus Catholicus and other botanical
with 2-3 pairs of elliptical, short-acuminated or rounded at the
works, died in 1710). Plum. gen. p. 49. t. 19. Pers. ench. 1.
p. 413. D. C. prod. 1. p. 612.- Trigònis, Jacq. amer. 100.
apex, entire, stalked, reticulately veined, smooth leaflets; calyx
Molinæ'a, Juss. gen. 245.—Guiòa, Cav. icon. 4. p.
permanent, 5-parted, tomentose; capsule obcordate, pear-shaped,
,
49.-Dime-
3-lobed, tomentose. h.S. Native of Guiana. Flowers dis-
rèza, Labill. nov. cal. t. 51.-Gelònium, Gærtn. fruct. 2. p. 271.
posed in large, spreading, racemose panicles.
-Tìna, Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 985.—Ratònia, D. C. prod.
Reticulated-leaved Cupania. Tree.
1. p. 618.-Mischocarpus, Blum. bijdr. 238.
9 C. GLA'BRA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 659.) leaflets 3-4 pairs,
Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-
parted. Petals 5, each furnished with a small scale above. Native of Jamaica, where it
ovate, obtuse, crenated, smooth, acuminated at the base.
the base (perhaps always) rarely wanting. Disk occupying the
Native of Jamaica, where it is called Loblolly-tree, and St. Do-
bottom of the calyx, regular, entire, or crenulated. Stamens
mingo in the mountains.
10, or from abortion 9-5, inserted between the margin of the
Smooth Cupania. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. Tree 14 feet.
disk and the ovary. Style trifid or undivided. Capsule pear-
10 C. EMARGINA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 386.) leaves with
shaped, 2-3-sided, 2-3-valved, 2-3-celled. Seeds erect, aril-
2-3 pairs of obovate, subcuneated, emarginate, entire, smooth
leaflets; calyx deciduous; fruit smooth.
late.-Trees or shrubs with exstipulate ? abruptly-pinnate leaves,
h. S. Native of
Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Capsule obcordate, 2-
or from abortion simple ; leaflets opposite and alternate. Flowers
whitish, in racemose panicles or racemes.
celled, 2-valved.
Emarginate-leaved Cupania. Tree 15 feet.
11 C. ZANTHOXYLOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 386. t. 79.)
Sect. I. TRIGÒNIS (from tpels, treis, three, and yovia, gonia,
leaves with 2-3 pairs of obovate-oblong, dentately-serrated,
an angle; the petals are of the form of a triangle). Jacq. smooth leaflets, which are narrowed at the base, smooth above
amer. 100. Petals convolutely cucullate at the apex.—American and tomentose beneath ; calyx permanent, tomentose; fruit pu-
species.
bescent. h. S. Native of Brazil near the town of St. Paul.
1 C. TOMENTÒSA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 657.) leaflets 3-4- Capsule pear-shaped, 3-lobed, 3-valved.
pairs, obovate, retuse, clothed with fine rusty tomentum beneath, Zanthoxylon-like Cupania. Shrub 6 to 7 feet.
serrate-toothed at the top of the lateral nerves; outer leaflets 12 C. SAPONA'RIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 413.) leaflets 5-6 pairs,
largest
. Þ.S. Native of Hispaniola, Guadaloupe, and on the oblong, tapering to both ends, entire, scabrous and pubescent
banks of the river Magdalena in woods. Trigonis tomentosa,
beneath. h. S. Native of the West Indies. C. saponarioides,
Jacq. amer. 102.-Plum. ed Burm. t. 110. C. Americana, Lin. Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2 p. 661.
Petals yellowish, triangular, and hairy on the inside.
Saponaria-like Cupania. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1810. Tr. 20 ft.
Tomentose-leaved Cupania. Clt. 1818. Tree 30 feet.
13 C. Poire'tII (Kunth, ann. des scienc. nat. 1. p. 457.)
2 C. EXCE'LSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 125.) leaflets usually 4 pairs, oblong, acute, coriaceous, smoothish,
leaflets usually 5 pairs, oblong, bluntish, remotely toothletted, shining above; branches and panicled racemes covered with
coriaceous, smoothish above, but pubescent beneath.
rusty tomentum. h. S. Native of Trinidad and Guadaloupe.
Native of Mexico on the mountains.
Robinia rubiginosa, Poir. syst. veg. 3. p.
247.
-
LIN. SYST.
h.s.
.
-
h.s.
h.s.
4 Q2

668
SAPINDACEÆ, XIV, CUPANIA.
Poiret's Cupania. Tree 20 feet.
and the Mauritius. Leaflets very like the leaves of Vaccínium
14 C. VÒUA-RA'NA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 42.) leaves vàtis-idèa.
with 2-3 pairs of elliptic or oblong-obovate, obtuse, or shortly Veiny-leaved Cupania. Tree.
acuminated, obsoletely-sinuated, smooth, stalked leaflets; calyx 23 Č. THOUARSIA'NA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 45.)
5-parted, tomentose, permanent, at length smooth; capsule ob- leaves with 2 pairs of obovate-oblong, cuneated, emarginate,
cordate, 2-lobed, smooth. h.S. Native of Guiana, where it quite entire, smooth leaflets; calyx permanent, puberulous ;
is called Voua-rana. Vòua-ràna Guianensis, Aubl. guian. capsule obovate, smooth ; racemes axillary, shorter than the
suppl. p. 12. t. 374. Matàyba ? Voua-ràna, D. C. prod. 1. p. leaves, densely puberulous. ħ.S. Native of Madagascar.
609. Cupània lævigāta, Rich.ined. Racemes axillary, branched. Petit Thouars's Cupania. Tree.
Flowers in fascicles on the racemes.
24 C. CANE'scENs (Pers. ench. 1. p. 413.) leaflets 2 pairs,
Voua-rana Cupania. Tree.
opposite, elliptical-oblong, quite entire, shining, even, smooth.
15 C. PUNCTATA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 389.) leaves with h. S. Native of Coromandel in the mountains. Molinæ'a
5-6 pairs of ovate, obtuse, usually somewhat emarginate, quite canéscens, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 29. Panicles axillary. Cap-
entire leaflets, which are smoothish above and pubescent beneath; sules ovate, 3-furrowed, not winged.
calyx hairy. Đ. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Hoary Cupania. Clt. 1818. Tree 16 feet.
Minas Geraes. Flowers usually decandrous. Filaments pilose. 25 C. TOLAʼMBITOU (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 43.)
Dotted Cupania. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
leaves with 2-3 pairs of oblong, subacuminated, quite entire,
16 C. GEMINA'TA (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 419.) leaflets 2, oval, nearly sessile, quite smooth, leaflets, which are narrowed at the
acuminated, entire, glaucous above, puberulous beneath ; lateral base; calyx deciduous; capsule obcordately 3-lobed, smooth ;
nerves prominent, confluent at the apex. h.S. Native of
racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves. h.S. Native of
Cayenne. C. diphylla, Vahl.? Younger capsules velvety, Madagascar, where it is called Tolambitou.
bluntly trigonal.
Tolambitou Cupania. Tree.
Twin-leaved Cupania. Tree.
17 C.? NÍTIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 613.) leaflets 1-2 pairs, with
Sect. III. ADONTA'RIA (from odovs oồovtos, odous odontos,
an odd one, oval, acuminated, entire, coriaceous, very smooth a tooth ; petals toothed). D. C. prod. 1. p. 614. Pe
p
614. Petals cre-
on both surfaces. h.S. Native of French Guiana or Cayenne. nate-toothed at the apex, inserted in a 5-parted or 5-tubercled
Young
capsules velvety, adult ones smooth, 3-winged at the hypogynous disk. Filaments villous at the base.
apex. This is probably a species of Paullinia,
26 C. DENTATA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex, icon. ined. D. C.
Shining-leaved Cupania. Tree?
prod. 1. p. 614.) leaflets 6-7 pairs, alternate, oval-oblong, cre-
nate-toothed. n. S. Native of Mexico. Panicle terminal.
Petals white, equal in length with the pubescent calyx, cuneated,
SECT. II. MOLINÆ'A (in honour of John Des Moulins, a
3-toothed at the apex. Capsules red, ovate, 3-furrowed, wingless.
French physician). Juss. gen. 245. Lam, ill. t. 305. D. C. Toothed-leaved Cupania. Clt. 1824. Tree small.
prod. 1. p. 613. Petals flattish, a little larger than the calyx.
Filaments very short, villous. Mauritian or East Indian species.
Sect. IV. Guida (in honour of Joseph Guio, a botanical
18 C. LÆ'vis (Pers. ench. 1. p. 413.) leaflets 2-3 pairs, oppo-
artist, mentioned by Cavanilles). Cav. icon. 4. p. 49. D. C.
site, oblong, quite entire, very smooth, coriaceous; nerves
prod. 1. p. 412. Petals flat, smaller than the calyx. Filaments
hardly prominent. n. S. Native of the island of Bourbon.
smooth. Capsules 3-winged, or perhaps of 3 distinct carpels.
Molinæ'a, Lam. ill. t. 305. f. 1. Molinæ'a læ'vis, Willd. spec.
This section will probably form a distinct genus.
2. p. 329. Capsules obovate, triquetrous-winged. Corymbs of
27 C. RATÒNIA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 47.) leaves
flowers panicled, terminal.
with 2-3 pairs of oblong-spatulate, somewhat cuneated, obtuse
Smooth Cupania. Tree small.
or a little emarginate, quite entire, smooth, stalked leaflets ;
19 C. CHAPELIERIA'NA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 44.) calyx 5-parted, permanent; capsule obcordate, 2-lobed, smooth;
leaves with 3-7 pairs of elliptical, oblong, smooth, toothed
racemes simple, axillary, solitary. n. S. Native of St. Do-
leaflets, which are shining above and narrowed at the base;
mingo, where it is called Raton.
calyx permanent, puberulous; capsule obovoid, smooth ; ra-
Raton Cupania. Tree.
cemes axillary, a little longer than the leaves. h. S. Native
28 C. LENTISCIFOLIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 413.) leaflets 3 pairs,
of Madagascar.
alternate, lanceolate, quite entire, coriaceous. n. S. Native of
Chapelier's Cupania. Tree.
the island of Babao, one of the Friendly Islands. Guiòa len-
20 Č. ALTERNIFOLIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 413.) leaflets 4-5
tiscifolia, Cav, icon. 4. p. 49. t. 373. Petals red. Panicle
pairs, usually alternate, quite entire, very smooth, coriaceous ;
terminal.
nerves hardly prominent. Đi S. Native of the Island of
Lentiscus-leaved Cupania. Shrub 6 feet.
Bourbon. This plant is probably nothing more than a slight
variety of C. lævis. Molinæ'a, Lam. ill. t. 305. f. 2. M.
Sect. V. APE’TALA. Flowers apetalous. Petals wanting.
alternifòlia, Willd. spec. 2. p. 329.
29 C. APE'TALA (Lab. nov. cal. p. 72. t. 73.) leaflets 5-13
Alternate-leafletted Cupania. Tree. .
pairs, ovate-lanceolate, smooth ; racemes short, axillary; flowers
21 C. PERROTTE'TII (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 45.) leaves polygamous, apetalous. H.S. Native of New Caledonia.
)
with 2-3 pairs of elliptical, acutish or obtuse, quite entire,
Apetalous Cupania. Tree 36 feet.
stalked, smooth leaflets; calyx deciduous, 5-parted, hairy; cap-
30 C. LESSERTIA'NA (Cambess. in mem.mus. 18. p. 46.) leaves
sule obovate, somewhat emarginate at the apex, somewhat 2-
with 2-3 pairs of oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, acu-
lobed, smooth.
Native of the Philippine Islands.
minated, entire, stalked, quite smooth leaflets ; calyx permanent,
Racemes very short, axillary.
5-cleft, hairy ; capsule pear-shaped, smooth. ñ . S. Native
Perrottet's Cupania. Tree.
of Java. Mischocarpus Sundaìcus, Blum. bijdr. p. 238. Ra-
22 C. VENULÒSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 613.) leaflets 1-2 pairs,
cemes axillary, solitary, or twin, spike-formed. Petals wanting.
opposite, oblong, quite entire, very smooth, netted with rather
De Lessert's Cupania. Tree.
prominent nervules. h.S. Native of the island of Bourbon Sect. VI. DIMEREZA (from depepns, dimeres, 2-parted; in
a
h. S.

y
.
SAPINDACEÆ. XIV. CUPANIA. XV. HARPULIA. XVI. BLIGHIA. XVII. Talisia. XVIII. STADMANNIA. 669
allusion to the 2-parted appendages of the petals). Labill. nov. well in a mixture of loam and peat. Ripened cuttings, not de-
cal. t. 51. Petals 5, orbicular, furnished each with a bifid ap- prived of any of their leaves, will strike root in sand under a
pendage on the inside.
Stamens 8. Capsules coriaceous, 3- hand-glass, in heat. The tree has never been brought to a
valved, 3-seeded.
flowering state in this country.
31 C. GLAU'CA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 29.) hairy ;
leaflets 1-2 pairs, lanceolate, glaucous beneath; flowers panicled. Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 349. D. C. prod. 1.
XVII, TALI'SIA (Toulichi is the name of T. Guianensis in
p.
609.
h. G. Native of New Caledonia. Dimerèza glaúca, Labill.
LIN. SYST.
Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-cleft.
nov. caled. t. 51. Diplopétalum glaucum, Spreng. syst. append.
Petals 5, each furnished with a densely pilose scale above the
p. 150. Capsule triquetrous, 3-celled, 3-seeded.
base, nearly equalling the limb. Disk very fleshy, occupying
Glaucous-leaved Cupania. Shrub 9 feet.
the whole bottom of the calyx, regular, crenulated. Stamens 8,
Sect. VI. Tína (from tis, Tivos, tis, tinos, who, what; at the
inserted between the margin of the disk and the ovary. Stigma
time the name was given it was uncertain to what genus the sessile, obsoletely 3-toothed. Ovary 3-4-celled, with the ovulæ
plants belonged). Corolla of 5 hairy scales. Stamens 5, in- fixed to the bottom of the cells.-Trees or shrubs with exstipu-
serted in the base of the pistil. Capsules 2-valved, narrowed at late, abruptly pinnate leaves, with alternate leaflets. Flowers
the base, pear-shaped.
disposed in racemose panicles.
32 C. CUPANIOÌDES (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 28.) leaves
i T. HEXAPHY'LLA (Vahl, ecl. 2. p. 29.) racemes simple; calyx
impari-pinnate; panicles axillary; capsules obcordate. h. S. equal in length to the petals ; leaflets 2-3 pairs, oblong-lanceolate,
Native of the Mauritius? Gelònium cupanioides, Gært. fruct. shining, smooth on both surfaces. n. S. Native of South
2. p. 271. t. 139. Tìna cupanioides, D. C. prod. 1.
America.
.
614.
P.
Cupania-like Cupania. Tree 20 feet.
Six-leaved Talisia. Tree 20 feet.
33 C. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Pet. Th. gen. mad. no. 4. under
2 T. Mollis (Kunth, mss. Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 48.)
Tina,) capsules acuminated ; leaves alternate, conjugate, or ab- racemes decompound, panicled; calyx shorter than the petals ;
ruptly and impari-pinnate, with woody petioles; flowers panicled. leaflets 5 pairs, oval-oblong, acuminated, with the nerves and
his. Native of Madagascar.
nervelets hairy beneath. h.s. Native of South America. T.
Cult. The species of Cupània will thrive well in a mixture Guianensis, D. C. prod. 1. p.
609. exclusive of the synonymes.
of sandy loam and peat; and ripened cuttings will root in sand Soft Talisia. Clt. 1824. Shrub 4 feet.
under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
3 T. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 340. t. 136.) racemes
decompound; calyx shorter than the petals ; leaflets many
XV. HARPU`LIA (Harpula is its vernacular name at Chit- pairs, ovate-lanceolatė, acuminated, coriaceous, quite smooth on
, , ,
tagong). Roxb. A. ind. 2. p. 441.
both surfaces.
h. S.
Native of Guiana and Cayenne. G.
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Sepals 5. Petals 5,
Sepals 5. Petals 5,1 glàbra, D. C. prod. 1. p. 609. Flowers rose-coloured.
alternate with the stamina. Stamens 5. Style short. Stigma, Guiana Talisia. Shrub 4 feet.
2-lobed ; lobes reflexed. Capsule 2-celled; seeds solitary, 4 T. ? ACLADÒDEA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 609.) trunk simple ;
arillate. Disk fleshy, villous. A small tree, with abruptly-pin- racemes terminal ; leaves abruptly pinnate; leaflets oblong-
nate leaves, with from 4-6 pairs of entire, ovate-lanceolate, op- linear, acuminated. h.s. Native of Peru in groves. Acla-
posite, or alternate leaflets, and axillary, solitary panicles of small dòdea pinnata, Ruiz et Pav, fl. per. prod. 133. t. 29. syst. p.
pale-yellow flowers.
262. Tree with the habit of a palm. Female flowers unknown. ,
1 H. CUPANIOIDES (Roxb. 1. c.). ħ. S. Native of the hills Unbranched Talisia. Tree 40 feet.
near Chittagong.
Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and
Cupania-like Harpulia. Fl. April. Tree 20 feet.
peat, and large cuttings, not deprived of any of their leaves,
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will answer this tree well,
will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
XVIII. STADMA'NNIA (in honour of Stadmann, a Ger-
XVI. BLIGHIA (in honour of Captain William Bligh, R.N. man botanical traveller). Lam. ill. t. 312. D.C. prod. 1. p. 615.
.
who first carried the bread-fruit trees to the West Indies). LIN, SYST.
Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. Pe-
Koenig, in ann. bot. 1806. 2. p. 571. D. C. prod. 1. p. 609.- tals wanting. Stamens 8. Ovary oblong. Style very short.
Akeèsia. Tuss. antill. (1808) p. 66.-Bonannia, Raf. specch. Stigma trigonal. Berry globose, 1-celled, 1-seeded from abor-
(1814) 15.
p.
115.
tion.-Trees with impari-pinnate leaves, and elongated, spike-
Lin. syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals formed racemes of small whitish flowers.
5, scarcely appendiculate on the inside ?' Stamens 8. Style 1 S. SIDERO'XYLON (D. C. prod. 1. p. 615.) leaves alternate,
very short. Stigmas 3. Carpels 3, connate, fleshy, opening at with 3 or 5 pairs of alternate, large, oval, oblong, coriaceous,
the apex. Seeds solitary, seated on a large fleshy aril. A emarginate, smooth, shining leaflets; racemes panicled, elon-
large tree, with habit of Sapindus or Cupània.
gated, terminal. . S. Native of the island of Bourbon,
1 B. SA'PIDA (Kon. 1. c. 2. t. 16. and 17.). h. S. Na- where it is called Bois de fer, as well as of Amboyna. Arbor
tive of Guinea, from whence it has been introduced into the palòrum alba, Rumph. amb. 3. t. 65. The wood of this tree
West Indies and South America. Akeèsia Africana, Tuss. antil. is very hard and heavy, of a reddish colour. It is very knotty,
p. 66. t. 3. Bonánnia nítida, Raf. specch. 15. p. 116. Akēe, and is therefore very difficult to cut. It is commonly used for
Lunan. hort. jam. 2. p. 335. Rachis of leaves not winged, stakes or pales.
stakes or pales. Cupània sideróxylon, Cambess.
pubescent. Leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, veiny. This Iron-wooded Stadmannia. Tree 66 feet.
is an esteemed African fruit-tree, with reddish or yellowish 2 S. AUSTRALIS ; leaves alternate, with 2 or 3 pairs of large,
berries, about the size of a hen's egg, with the aril of the seed of oblong, retuse, rather coriaceous, opposite leaflets, with an odd
,
a grateful subacid flavour. In the West Indies it is considered one; young leaves and branches covered with rusty down ; ra-
wholesome.
cemes terminal? Þ.G. Native of New Holland.
Savoury Akee-tree. Fl. Mar. Clt. 1793. Tree 30 feet. Southern Stadmannia. Cult. 1820. Tree 60 feet.
Cult.
This tree is greatly esteemed for the excellence of Cult. Trees with very shewy, large, pinnate leaves. They
its fruit, both in Guinea and the West Indies. It will thrive will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, or a light, loamy
a
-
-
-
.
.
a
a

670
SAPINDACEÆ. XIX. MATAYBA. XX. NEPHELIUM.
a
gen. no. 647.
a
a
some.
soil; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, side and green on the other, containing a delicious white, sweet,
in a moist heat.
subacid pulp, and a large, somewhat obovate, brownish seed.
This delicious fruit is about the size of a date; it is said to be
XIX. MATA'YBA (Matabaiba is the name of M. Guianén- dangerous when eaten to excess, occasioning an eruption over
sis in Guiana). Aubl. guian. 1. p. 331. t. 128. Matàyba, D. C. the whole body. The Chinese suffer it to dry till it becomes
prod. 1. p. 609.-Ernstíngia, Neck. elem.—Ephiêlis, Schreb. black and shrivelled like prunes. Thus it is preserved all the
year, and they use it in tea, to which it communicates an acidity
Lin. syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals which they prefer to the sweetness of sugar. Loureiro says, the
5, each furnished with a short appendage above the base on the tree is cultivated in great abundance in the southern provinces of
inside. Disk filling the bottom of the calyx, 8-crenate. Stamens China and the northern provinces of Cochin-china, being equally
8, with villous filaments inserted between the margin of the abhorrent both of cold and heat in the extreme. To enjoy the
disk and ovary. Style none. Stigma subsessile, 3-toothed. fruit in its full perfection of flavour and smell, it must be eaten
Ovary 2-celled ; cells 1-ovulate. Capsule oblong, 1-celled, 2- in the provinces of Fo-ki-en, Quan-tong, and Quan-si, where it
valved, one of which is empty, the other 2-seeded on the inside grows. As it will not bear the climate of Pekin, the fruit is car-
at the middle. Seeds arillate, reniform.-Trees with exstipulate, ried there for the emperor's use, inclosed in tin vessels, filled
—
abruptly pinnate leaves, and racemose panicles of small white with spirits mixed with honey, &c., and thus preserves an ap-
flowers.
pearance of freshness, but loses much of its flavour. The trees
1 M. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 331. t. 128. Lam. ill. themselves are also transported by water from Quan-tong to
t. 298.) leaves smooth, abruptly pinnate, with 3 or 4 pairs of Pekin for the emperor at considerable labour and expense to
leaflets; petiole not winged ; racemes panicled. h.S. Native his subjects, and being embarked when they begin to flower, the
of Guiana and St. Domingo in woods. Ephiêlis fraxínea, Willd. fruit is commonly ripe by the time of their arrival at Pekin.
spec. 2. p. 328. Ephièlis Guianensis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 413.
.
The fruit is called Li-tchì, Lichì, or La-tjà by the Chinese.
Panicle divaricate. The wood of this tree is considered useful Litchi Nephelium. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1786. Tree 15 ft.
for many purposes, being hard and durable.
2 N. LONGA'NUM (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 30.) leaflets
Guiana Matayba. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1803. Tree 60 feet. 3 pairs, with strong pinnate nerves beneath ; panicle loose; ber-
2 M. PATRISIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 609.) leaves impari- ries globose, almost smooth. h.G, Native of China and
pinnate; leaflets 5, villous beneath; petioles slightly winged ; ra- Cochin-china. Scytàlia Longán, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 29. Di-
cemes simple. h. S. Native of Guiana or Cayenne. Fruit
Fruit mocarpus Longán, Lour. Al. coch. 233. Euphòria Longana,
very like that of the first species, but differs from it in the Lam. dict. 3. p. 574.—Buchoz. icon. col. t. 99. This tree is
impari-pinnate leaves.
also cultivated in China and Cochin-china for its fruit, which is
Patris's Matayba. Clt. 1825. Tree 50 feet.
in great esteem among the Chinese, and if not so agreeable to
Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and the taste as the Litchi, it is however said to be more whole-
peat; and ripened cuttings, not deprived of any of their leaves,
It is globular, has a yellowish, smooth skin, and its pulp
will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
is white, tart, and juicy. This fruit is called by the Chinese
Longan, Lang-an, Long-yen, or Laong-uhan.
XX. NEPHELIUM (one of the names given to the Bur- Longan Nephelium. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1786. Tree 20 ft.
dock by the ancients; the present genus has rough fruit, which 3 N. INFÓRME (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 30.) leaflets?
has some resemblance to the Burdock). Lin. gen. no. 1425. panicles few-flowered ; berries usually twin, irregular, tubercled.
Euphòria, Comm. in Juss. gen. 247.--Dimocarpus, Lour. fl. Þ.G. Native of Cochin-china in woods. Euphòria infórmis,
coch. 1. p. 286.—Scytàlia, Gært. fruct. 1. p. 197.--Aporètica,
p
D. C. prod. 1. p. 612. The leaves are almost like those of the
spec. D. C.-Pomètia, Forst. prod. 392.
Longan. The fruit of this tree is also eaten in China. It is not
Lin. syst. Octo-Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-6-toothed. so good as those of the two preceding species, being much more
Petals 5-6, rarely wanting, densely pilose inside. Disk annular, The wood is good, hard, and heavy, of a reddish-brown
occupying the bottom of the calyx. Stamens 8-10, rarely 6, colour.
inserted between the margin of the disk and the ovary. Style Unsightly-shaped-fruited Nephelium. Tree 20 feet?
crowned by a 2-lobed or bifid stigma. Ovary obcordate, didy- 4 N. LAPPA CEUM (Lin. syst. 4. p. 236.) leaflets 5-7, oblong ;
mous, 2-celled. Fruit indehiscent, usually 1-lobed from abor- berries subovate, hairy. ñ . S. Native of the East Indies.
tion, the other lobe being usually abortive, tubercled or muri- Lam. ill
. t. 764. Marsd. sum. with a figure. Euphòria Nephè-
cated, rarely smooth. Seeds thick, covered by a fleshy aril. lium, D. C. prod. 1. p. 612. Dimocarpus crinìta, Lour. fl.
Embryo straight.-Trees with abruptly-pinnate, exstipulate coch. 234.
coch. 234. Scytàlia Ramboótan, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 29.
leaves, rarely simple ; leaflets opposite or alternate. Flowers Petals absent. Calyx 5-6-cleft. Stamens 5-8. The pulp of
disposed in racemose panicles or racemes. Fruit of all eatable. the fruit is eatable, of an agreeable sub-acid flavour, though not
i N. LITCHÌ (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 30.) leaflets 3-4 so good as the Longan or Litchì; it is usually twin. This is the
pairs, tapering to both ends, lanceolate, glaucous beneath ; Rambutan or Rampostan of Bont. jav. f. 109.
racemes loose, forming a panicle ; berries cordate, scaly. h. G. Burdock-fruited Nephelium or Rambootan. Tree.
Native of the East Indies and China. Euphòria punícea, Lam. 5 N. PINNA'TUM (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 30.) leaves
dict. 3. p. 573. ill. t. 306. Euphòria Litchì, Desf. cat. 159. pinnate ; racemes supra-decompound, terminal. ħ.s. Native
Litchì Chinensis, Sonn. itin. t. 129. Scytàlia Chinensis, Gært.
t
of the Islands of Tanna and Namoka. Pomètia pinnata,
fruct. t. 42. f. 3. Scytàlia Loacán, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 28. Forst. prod. p. 392.
Dimocarpus Lychì, Lour. fl. coch. 233. Sapindus édulis, Pinnate-leaved Nephelium. Tree.
Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 36. Dimocarpus Litchì, Willd. 6 N. BENGALE'NSE ; leaves with 4-5 pairs of oblong-lanceo-
spec. 2. p. 346. La-tjì, Osb. itin. 192. english edition, 1. p. late leaflets, which are oblique at the base ; panicle terminal
,
308. Li-tchì, Du Halde, chin. 2. p. 144. t. 154. Lechèa, Rich. composed of many racemes. h. S. Native of Bengal. Scy-
hist. de Tonquin, 1. p. 60.-Zann. hist. 147. t. 108. Flowers tàlia Bengalensis, Roxb. in herb. Lamb.
pale.
The berries grow in loose racemes ; they are heart- Bengal Nephelium. Tree.
shaped, covered with a scaly, hardish rind, which is red on one 7 N. verticilLA'TUM (Lindl. bot. reg. 1059. under Euphòria,)
sour.
-

SAPINDACEÆ. XX. NEPHELIUM. XXI. THOUINIA. XXII. HYPELATE.
671
.
p. 29.
a
a
leaves simple, obovate-lanceolate, auricled at the base; ovary lous ; racemes panicled. h. s. Native of New Spain about
didymous, with 2 styles between; stamens 8, monadelphous at Quaunahuaca. Carpels 3, distinct to the base, therefore it will
the base ; sepals unequal; flowers in terminal, panicled racemes; probably form a distinct genus.
ovary surrounded by 8 glands. h.s. Native of the Moluccas. Villous-leaved Thouinia, Tree small.
Scytalia verticillàta, Roxb. hort. beng. p. 29. Flowers small, 6 T. SCA'NDENS (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 384.) leaves trifoliate;
white tinged with red.
leaflets oblong, tapering to both ends, acuminated, smooth, fur-
Whorled-leaved Nephelium. Fl. June. Clt. 1821. Shrub 6 ft. nished with 1 or 2 teeth on one side ; racemes axillary, often
converted into tendrils. hiv. S. Native of Brazil in the pro-
+ Species only known by name from Roxb. hort. beng. p. 29.
vince of Rio Janeiro. Petals greenish-white.
and 88. under the genus Scytàlia.
Climbing Thouinia. Shrub cl.
8 N. RIMÒSUM. Roxb. Silhet.
p.
29.
* ** Leaves pinnate.
9 N. DANU'RA. Roxb. Chittagong. p. 29.
10 N. RU'BRUM. Roxb. Silhet.
7 T. PINNA'TA (Turp. ann. mus. 5. p. 401. t. 26.) leaflets ob-
11 N. PARVIFLORUM. Roxb. Moluccas. p. 88.
long, rather emarginate ; flowers in terminal panicles, with 5
12 N. OPPOSITIFOLIUM. Roxb. Moluccas, p. 88.
petals and 8 stamens. R.S. Native of St. Domingo between
Cult. This is a genus of fine trees, for the most part bear- Monte-Christi and San-Yago.
ing delicious fruit. They will grow well in a mixture of loam Pinnate-leaved Thouinia. Clt. 1823. Shrub 8 feet.
and peat. Cuttings taken off from ripened wood, planted in 8 T. POLY'GAMA (Meyer. prim. esseq. 156.) leaflets oblong-
sand under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat, will root.
ovate ; flowers polygamous, racemose, villous, with 4 petals
and 8 stamens. ħ.S. Native of Guiana in sandy woods.
Polygamous-flowered Thouinia. Tree 14 feet.
XXI. THOUI'NIA (in honour of Andre Thouin, professor 9 T. DECA'NDRA (H. B. et Kunth, pl. equin. 1. p. 198. t. 56.)
of agriculture in the Jardin des Plantes of Paris, editor of the leaflets 6 pairs, lanceolate, toothed; flowers panicled, with 5
agricultural part of the Encyclopedie Methodique; died in petals and 10 stamens. h. S. Native of Mexico about Aca-
1820.) Poit. ann. mus. 3. p. 70. t. 6. D. C. prod. 1. p. 612. pulca.
but not of Thunb. nor Smith.
Decandrous Thouinia. Tree 18 feet.
Lin. syst. Octo-Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-parted. Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of sandy
Petals 4-5, naked inside. Disk occupying the bottom of the loam and peat, and cuttings taken off from ripened wood will
calyx, regular, crenulated. Stamens 8-10, inserted between the
root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
margin of the receptacle and the ovary. Style trifid, with the
segments longitudinally stigmatose inside, immersed between the XXII. HYPELA'TE (a name given by Pliny to Ruscus; it
lobes of the ovary. Fruit constantly of 3 carpels, adnate to the comes from ůro, hypo, under, and elatn, elate, a fir-tree; habitat
central axis, drawn out into a membranous wing at the apex and of original plant). Browne, jam. 208. Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p.
back, 1-celled, 1-seeded at the base. Seeds destitute of aril.- 653. t. 14. D. C. prod. 1. p. 614.—Melicocca species, Juss. in
Trees or shrubs, rarely furnished with tendrils, with exstipu- mem. mus. vol. 3.
late, abruptly-pinnate, trifoliate, rarely simple leaves. Flowers Lin. syst. Octo-Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted.
small, white.
Petals 5 or wanting, naked inside. Disk occupying the bottom
* Leaves simple.
of the calyx, nearly entire or lobed. Stamens 8-10, inserted
between the margin of the disk and ovary. Style very short,
1 T. SIMPLICIFOLIA (Poit. ann. mus. 3. p. 71. t. 6.) leaves crowned by a somewhat 2-3-lobed stigma. Ovary 2-3-celled ;
coarsely serrate-toothed, rather tomentose beneath ; racemes cells 2-3-ovulate. Fruit nearly dry, indehiscent, 1-2-celled
simple. H.S. Native of St. Domingo. Racemes axillary, a from abortion. Seeds pendulous, destitute of aril ?-Trees with
little shorter than the leaves. Leaves resembling those of the exstipulate, trifoliate, or abruptly-pinnate leaves ; leaflets oppo-
sweet chesnut, but narrower.
site or alternate. Flowers small, white, glomerate, or disposed in
Simple-leaved Thouinia. Shrub 8 feet.
short panicles.
2 T. INTEGRIFÒLIA (Spreng. neue. entd. 2. p. 155.) leaves 1 H. TRIFOLIA'TA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 655.) leaves trifo-
quite entire, smooth on both surfaces ; racemes panicled.' ħ.s. liate; leaflets coriaceous, obovate, with rather marginate petioles ;
Native of Brazil. Leaves discoloured beneath. Panicle termi- panicles terminal, rather corymbose; petals 5. h. s. Native of
nal, flaccid.
the south of Jamaica on cretaceous hills. It is also said to be
Entire-leaved Thouinia. Tree small.
common in the low lands. A smooth shrub, with leaves like those
* * Leaves trifoliate.
of Toddàlia or Lignum-vitæ, but without dots. "The stem is
beset with leaves at intervals. This shrub is probably Amýris
3 T. TRIFÒLIATA (Poir. ann. mus. 3. p. 72. 5. t. 27.) leaflets lypelàla of Rob. in Lunan. hort. jam. 1. p. 149.
almost sessile, oval, tapering to the base, somewhat serrated, Trifoliate Hypelate. Shrub 9 feet.
smooth, but pilose in the axils of the veins beneath; racemes 2 H. PANICULATA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 32.) leaves
simple, terminal. ħ. S. Native of St. Domingo about Fort with 2 pairs of leaflets"; flowers decandrous, in terminal, corym-
Dauphin.
bose panicles; petals 5. h.s. Native of St. Domingo. Me-
Trifoliate-leaved Thouinia. Shrub 8 feet.
licócca paniculata, Juss. mem. mus. 3. p. 187. t. 5. Fruit round,
4 T. TOMENTO'SA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 612.) leaflets elliptical- 1-seeded. Leaflets large, oblong-lanceolate, entire
.
p.
)
oblong, serrated, smooth above, but clothed with white velvety Panicled-flowered Hypelate. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
tomentum beneath; racemes simple. h. S. Native of St. 3 H. DENTA'TA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 32.) leaves
Domingo.
Leaves and carpels one-half smaller than those of with 5 or 6 pairs of oboval leaflets, which are toothed at the
the preceding species.
apex; peduncles few-flowered, axillary; flowers octandrous ;
Tomentose-leaved Thouinia. Tree small.
petals 5. h. S. Native of the Mauritian Islands. Meli-
5 T.? villo'sa (Moc. et Sesse, f. mex. icon. ined. D. C. cocca dentàta, Juss. mem. mus. 3. p. 187. t. 6. Fruit round, 1-
prod. 1. p. 612.) leaflets ovate, serrated at the apex, acute, vil-
seeded. Leaflets small.
-
.

672
SAPINDACEÆ. XXIII. APHANIA, XXIV. MELICOCCA. XXV. KOELREUTERIA. XXVI. COSSIGNIA.
.
a
a
Toothed-leaved Hypelate. Tree 16 feet.
Native of New Granada at Turbaco. Fruit the size and shape
4 H. GENICULATA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 220. under Melicócca,) of an olive, jet-black, with a pleasant taste.
leaves ternate or pinnate, with 2 pairs of oblong-lanceolate, acu- Olive-shaped-fruited Honey-berry. Clt. 1818. Tree 16 ft.
minated leaflets; rachis knotted, jointed at the apex; panicles 3 M. TRI'JUGA (Juss. in mem, mus. 3. p. 187. t. 8.) leaves
axillary, spreading. h.s. Native of Brazil. Flowers decan- with 3 pairs of oblong, obovate, obtuse leaflets; racemes axil-
drous. Berry 1-seeded.
lary, elongated; flowers 6-parted, apetalous, octandrous ; drupe
Jointed-petioled Hypelate. Tree small.
spherical, 2-3-celled, 2-3-seeded. ñ .s. Native of the islands
,
5 H. DIVERSIFOʻLIA (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 32.) leaves of Ceylon and Timor. Schleichèra tríjuga, Willd. spec. 4. p.
with 1-9 pairs of oval, entire leaflets; flowers apetalous, oc- 1096. Scytalia trijuga, Roxb. mss. Fruit black, eatable.
tandrous, axillary, glomerate, 5-parted ; drupe spherical, 2- Three-paired-leaved Honey-berry. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 ft.
seeded. h. S. Native of the Mauritius. Melicocca diver- 4 M.? PUBE'scens (Roth. nov. spec. 385.) leaves with 2 pairs
sifòlia, Juss. mem. mus. 3. p. 187. t. 7. M. apétala, Poir. of
very
blunt leaflets and an odd one ; rachis tomentose. h.S.
suppl. 3. p. 224. The leaves are probably sometimes simple Native of the East Indies.
and ovate. It is called in the Mauritius Bois de Gaulette.
Pubescent-petioled Honey-berry. Tree.
Diverse-leaved Hypelate. Tree.
Cult. Most of the species of this genus bear eatable fruits.
Cult. This is rather a handsome genus of shrubs. They will They will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, or a light loamy
thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat, or any light loamy soil; and ripened cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-
soil, and ripened cuttings will root if planted in sand under a glass, in heat.
hand-glass, in a moist heat.
Section II.
DODONÆACEÆ. (Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. p. 33.).
XXIII. APHA'NIA (from apavec, aphanes, obscure). Blum.
Cells of ovary containing 2-3-ovulæ, rarely more (f. 112. g.).
bijdr. p. 236. Cambess. in mem. mus. 18. P.
37.
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, unequal. Embryo spirally twisted.
XXV. KOELREUTE'RIA (in honour of John Theophilus
Petals 4, ciliated, each furnished
with 2 scales at the base. Disk
hypogynous, girding the genitals. Stamens 5, approximating Laxm. nov. comm. petrop. 16. p. 561. t. 18. but not of Murr.
Koelreuter, once Professor of Natural History at Carlsrhue).
the pistil. Ovary ovate, compressed, 2-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 616.
Style almost wanting, terminated by an emarginate stigma.—A
LIN. SYST.
tree with abruptly-pinnate leaves; leaflets nearly opposite. Pa-
Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
nicle terminal, composed of many racemes.
3-4 from abortion, each furnished at the claw inside with a 2-
1 A. MONTA'NA (Blum. l. c.) K.S. Native of Java.
parted appendage. Disk very fleshy, occupying the whole
Mountain Aphania. Tree.
bottom of the calyx, regular, 8-crenate. Stamens 8, rarely
5-6-7, inserted between the margin of the disk and the ovary.
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree, and
ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
Style truncate or acutish at the apex. Ovary 3-celled ; cells
2-ovulate. Capsule bladdery, 1-celled above, 3-celled at the
XXIV. MELICO'CCA (from peli, meli, honey, and Kokkos,
bottom, 3-valved; valves seminiferous beneath the middle.
Seeds without aril.—A deciduous tree, with exstipulate, impari-
coccos, a berry; the taste of the fruit is very sweet). Juss. mem.
mus. 3. p. 178. D. C. prod. 1.
pinnate leaves ; leaflets opposite or alternate, coarsely lobed or
p.
614.
Lin. syst. Octo-Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-5-parted.
LIN
toothed. Flowers yellow, disposed in terminal, racemose, spread-
Petals 4-5, or wanting, naked inside.
Disk occupying the ing panicles.
1 K. PANICULATA (Laxm. 1. c.). h. H. Native of China.
bottom of the calyx, entire, or lobed. Stamens 8-10, inserted
between the margin of the disk and the ovary. Style crowned
Sapíndus Chinensis, Lin. fil. suppl. 228. K. Paullinoides, Lher.
by a 2-3-lobed stigma. Ovary 2-3-celled. Fruit baccate, 1-2-
sert. 18. t. 19. K. paniculata, Duh, ed. nov. t. 36. Ker. bot.
celled from abortion, 1-2-seeded. Seeds enwrapped in a fleshy
reg. t. 320.
substance. Embryo straight.-Trees with exstipulate, abruptly-
Panicled-flowered Koelreuteria. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1763,
Tree 10 to 15 feet.
pinnate leaves ; leaflets nearly opposite. Flowers small, white,
disposed in spike-formed racemes.
Cult. This beautiful tree deserves a place in every collection ;
1 M. BI’JUGA (Lin. spec. 495.) leaves with 2 pairs of leaflets;
when in flower it is extremely shewy. It will thrive in any
rachis winged; racemes terminal and axillary, simple, spike-
common soil, but it should be planted in as sheltered a situation
formed; flowers octandrous, of 4 petals ; drupe 1-seeded from
as possible, because it does not flower if too much exposed.
abortion. h.S. Native of the Antilles and of New Spain in
If the summer prove cold, the wood seldom ripens, therefore
the province of Caraccas, but is now cultivated throughout the
the tops of the branches are generally killed the following win-
West Indies for its fruit. M. bijugàtus, Jacq. amer. 108. t. 72.
ter by the frost. It may be either propagated by layers or
M. carpoidea, Juss. mem. mus. 3. p. 187. t. 4. Leaflets large, cuttings from the root.
yellowish-green. The male flowers are more yellow than the
female. The fruit of this is as large as a bullace-plum, jet- XXVI. COSSIGNIA (in honour of M. Cossigny, a French
black, with a very sweet pleasant taste. It is now known in naturalist, once resident at Pondicherry, who presented Commer-
Jamaica by the name of bullace-plum, but in the time of Patrick son with an herbarium of the plants of Coromandel). Comm. in
Browne the tree was called Genip-tree. At Curaçoa the Spa- Juss. gen. 248. D. C. prod. 1. p. 614.
niards call it Monos; it is cultivated to a great extent there. Lin. syst. Penta-Hexandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted.
It is also called Honey-berry.
Petals 4, naked inside. Disk irregular, occupying the bottom of
Two-paired-leaved or Common Honey-berry. Clt. 1778.
Clt. 1778. the calyx. Stamens 5-6, inserted in the disk. Pistil excentral.
Tree 16 to 20 feet.
Style longish, terminated by a capitellate stigma. Ovary 3-
2 M. OLIVÆFO'RMIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. celled ; cells 3-ovulate. Capsule 3-celled, 3-valved ; cells 3, or
150.) leaves with 2 pairs of large, elliptical, acute, coriaceous from abortion only 2-seeded. Seeds destitute of aril, fixed
leaflets ; rachis naked ; peduncles terminal, branched ; flowers to the permanent triangular centril axis.--A tree with exstipu-
octandrous, of 4 petals; drupe 1-seeded from abortion. ħ.s. late, impari-pinnate leaves.
h.s. late, impari-pinnate leaves. Flowers in panicles.
a

SAPINDACEÆ. XXVI. COSSIGNIA. XXVII. LLAGUNOA. XXVIII. DODONÆA.
673
a a
a
.
9
-
e
Wel
.
1 C. BORBO'NICA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 614.). Þ.S. Native of ceptacle. Style 2-3 (f. 112. d.), rarely 4-cleft, with the segments
Bourbon. Leaves impari-pinnate, sometimes with 2-3 or 1 longitudinally stigmatose inside. Capsule 2-3-4-sided, 2-3-4-
pair of leaflets, the odd leaflet is always sessile. C. pinnata, celled, opening by 2-3-4 valves at the dissepiments, not as in
Lam. dict. 2. p. 132. ill. t. 256. when the leaves are pinnate, the rest of the order at the cells; valves keeled, winged (f. 112.
C. triphylla, Lam. dict. 2. p. 132. when the leaves are trifoliate. f.). on the back. Central axis 2-3-4-angled, 2-3-4-winged.
Leaflets oblong, entire, somewhat scabrous above, pale tomen- Seeds destitute of aril.—Shrubs with exstipulate, simple or pin-
tose beneath, with yellow veins. Flowers panicled, see Bory. nate leaves. Flowers small, greenish-yellow.
voy. 2. p. 324.
324. Ruízia aurea, Hortul.
* Leaves lanceolate or spatulate.
Bourbon Cossignia. Clt. 1811. Tree 20 feet.
Cult. This tree is known in our gardens by the name of 1 D. VISCÒSA (Lin. mant. 238.
FIG. 112.
Ruízia aúrea. It is generally admired on account of the orange- exclusive of many of the syno-
coloured nerves of the leaves, which give it an agreeable ap- nymes. Meyer. prim. essequeb.
pearance. It will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat, or a p. 157.) leaves obovate-oblong,
light, loamy soil; and ripe cuttings will strike root in sand cuneated at the base, clammy;
under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
flowers racemose; fruit 2-3-wing-
ed, on longer pedicels. h. G.
XXVII. LLAGUNO'A (in honour of Eugene de Llaguno, a Native of South America, and
Spanish amateur botanist). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. 126. t. the Caribbee Islands, as well
28. Pers. ench. 2. p. 565. D. C. prod. 1. p.
116.
as of Guinea at Waree in sandy
LIN. SYST. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals places.—Plum. ed. Burm, t. 247.
wanting. Disk fleshy, occupying the bottom of the calyx, 10- f. 2.-Sloane, hist. 2. t. 162. f.3.
lobed at the apex. Stamens 8, rarely 9-10. Style incurved, -Rumph. amb. 4. t. 50.- Pluk.
terminated by a 3-lobed stigma. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, phyt. t. 142. f. 1.
There are
with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve ; cells 1-2- varieties of this plant with acutish,
seeded; seeds destitute of aril.—Trees with exstipulate, trifo- blunt, and emarginate leaves; cap-
f
liate leaves, or usually simple from abortion. Flowers disposed sules at both ends profoundly
in short, few-flowered, axillary racemes.
emarginated, 7 or 9 lines long and 8 or 12 broad (see Kunth,
1 L. NÍTIDA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. 126. t. 28.) leaves nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 134.) There are probably many species
smooth, serrated, acute, undivided, or furnished on each side confounded here. D. viscosa, Forst. prod. 27. ex D. viscosa,
with a lobe at the base, and they are therefore somewhat ternate. spatulàta and triquetra, according to Sir James Smith are con-
h.S. Native of Peru in woods. Amiròla nítida, Pers. ench. stantly confused together.-Ptèlea viscosa, Lin. spec. 173. Mill.
2. p. 565.
-565. Peduncles trifid; lateral branches usually abortive. dict. no. 2. The taste of the whole plant is sour and bitterish,
The seeds of this plant are black and shining, and are used for hence it is called in Jamaica Switch-sorrel.
forming necklaces by the natives of Peru.
Clammy Dodonæa. Fl. June, July, Clt. 1690. Shrub 6 ft.
.
Shining-seeded Llagunoa. Shrub 9 feet.
2 D. SPATULA'TA (Smith, in Rees' cycl, vol. 12. no. 2.) leaves
2 L. PRUNIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 131.) lanceolate-obovate, clammy ; sepals ovate, acute, naked; flowers
leaves ovate-elliptical, sharply toothed, smooth above, hairy dioecious. h.G. Native of the Sandwich Islands. The plant
beneath, with the nerves and veins tomentosely hairy. h. S. is smaller than D. viscosa.
Native of Peru near Loxa. Amiròla prunifòlia, D. C. prod. Spatulate-leaved Dodonæa. Shrub 4 feet.
This is probably only a variety of the preceding. Seeds perhaps 3 D. ATTENUA'TA (Cung. in Field's New South Wales, p.
used for the same purpose.
352.) leaves linear-spatulate, covered with scabrous dots, taper-
Plum-leaved Llagunoa. Shrub 8 feet.
ing to the base, with revolute, denticulated margins, rounded,
3 L. MO'LLIS (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaves elliptical, serrated, acute, and quite entire at the apex ; racemes lateral and ter-
hairy above, but clothed with hoary tomentum beneath.
minal. h.G, Native of New Holland in the channel of Cox's
Native of Peru near Loxa. Amiròla mollis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 616.
River.
Soft-leaved Llagunoa. Shrub 10 feet.
Attenuated-leaved Dodonæa. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
4 L. GLANDULÒSA ; leaves stalked, trifoliate ; leaflets elliptical, 4 D. JAMAICE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 616.) leaves oblong-
serrated, dotted with black glands on both surfaces.
h. G.
lanceolate, tapering to both ends, with the margins somewhat
Native of Chili at Coquimbo. Amiròla glandulosa, Hook, in revolute, rather clammy; flowers disposed in short racemes ;
bot. Beech. voy. p. 12. Calyx 5-cleft.
Calyx 5-cleft. Petals wanting. Sta- fruit shorter than the pedicel. h. G. Native of the colder
mens 8. Ovary ovate, trigonal. Stigma oblong, sessile. parts of Jamaica.—Browne, jam. t. 18. f. 1. D. angustifolia,
Glandular Llagunoa. Shrub.
Swartz, obs. 150. D. viscosa, Cav. icon. t. 327. Čarpels 3-
Cult. These shrubs will thrive in a mixture of loam and winged. The whole plant is sour and bitterish, it is also called
peat or sandy loam ; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under Switch-sorrel in Jamaica.
a hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
Jamaica Dodonæa. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1810. Shrub 6 ft.
.
5 D. BIALA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 134.
XXVIII. DODONÆA (in honour of Rambert Dodoens, t. 442.) leaves lanceolate, tapering to both ends, clammy; ra-
more generally known by the name of Dodonæus, physician to cemes somewhat branched; fruit constantly 2-winged, length of
Maximilian Il. and Rudoịph II., author of Historia Plantarum, pedicel. K.S. Native of South America in New Spain near
II
in 6 pemptades, that is to say, in 6-times 5 books. This work Cumana, as well as of Guinea not far from the Gambia, in sandy
has been translated into French by L'Ecluse or Clusius ; he died places, particularly near Bathurst, .
in 1585). Lin. gen. ed. 1. no. 855. D. C. prod. 1. p. 616. but Two-winged-fruited Dodonæa. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1822.
not of Plum.
Shrub 4 feet.
Lin. syst. Octo-Decandria, Trigynia. Calyx 4-5, rarely 6 D. BURMANNIA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 616.) leaves oblong,
5-parted (f. 112. a.). Petals wanting. Disk hypogynous, usually cuneated at the base, acutish, clammy; flowers racemose ; fruit
vanished. Stamens 8, rarely 9-10, inserted in the disk or re- longer than the pedicels. h. S. Native of the East Indies,
4 R
h.s.
a
LINSYST
VOL, I.-PART VIII.

674
SAPINDACEÆ. XXVIII. DODONÆA. XXIX. MAGONÆA.
.
Þ.G.
particularly in the islands of Ceylon and Timor.-Burm. zeyl. t. 18 D. ERIOCA'RPA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 6.) leaves ellip-
23. Ptèlea viscosa, Burm. ind. 36. D. angustifolia, Roxb. tic-lanceolate, wavy ; branches and fruit beset with long hairs;
hort. beng. p. 28. Leaves sometimes obtuse, sometimes acutish. sepals elliptical, reflexed. h. G. Native of the Sandwich
Capsules 6 lines long and 9 broad.
islands on the mountains.
Burmann's Dodonæa. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1758. Sh. 5 ft. Hairy-fruited Dodonæa. Shrub 4 feet.
7 D. MICROCA RPA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 617.) leaves oblong- 19 D. ELÆAGNOIDES (Rud. in Schrad. neu. journ. 2. p. 392.)
linear, tapering to the base, but blunt at the apex or emarginate; leaves oblong-ovate, clothed with scaly scurf above.
H.S.
flowers racemose; fruit shorter than the pedicel. N.S. Na-
h
Native of St. Domingo.
tive of the Island of Bourbon. Lam. ill. t. 304. f. 2. Leaves Elæagnus-like Dodonæa. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1800. Sh. 4 ft.
3 lines broad. Capsules 3 lines long and 4 broad.
20 D. ? SERRULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 617.) leaves elliptical-
Small-fruited Dodonæa. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Sh. 4 ft. oblong, stalked, serrulated, coriaceous, smooth; capsules cori-
8 D. SALICIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 617.) leaves oblong-linear, aceous, 3-winged. h. G. Native of Monte Video.
acuminated at both ends, clammy; flowers racemose; fruit? Serrulated-leaved Dodonæa. Shrub 4 feet.
h. G. Native of New Holland ? D. angustifolia, Lam, dict.
** Leaves linear, filiform.
3. p. 292. Cultivated in the gardens of France under the
21 D. ERICÆFÒLIA; leaves crowded, linear, very narrow,
name of Bois de Reinette. Leaves sweet-scented, 4 lines broad.
short; flowers crowded, axillary, and terminal. h.G. Native
Willow-leaved Dodonæa. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1820. Sh. 4 ft.
of New Holland (v. s. herb. Lamb.).
9 D. LAURI'NA (Sieb. in Spreng. syst. app. p. 152.) leaves
Heath-leaved Dodonæa. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
oblong-lanceolate, smooth, tapering to both ends; branches
22 D. FILIFÓRMIS (Link. enum. 381.) twiggy ; leaves long,
round; branchlets 2-edged ; flowers in axillary cymes.
Native of New Holland.
very narrow ; pedicels axillary; fruit 3-winged. h. G. Na-
tive of New Holland. D. angustíssima, D. C. prod. 1. p.
617.
Laurel-like Dodonæa. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. 4 ft.
10 D. DIOCA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 28. D. C. mem. soc.
Filiform-leaved Dodonæa. Clt. 1820. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
genev. 1. p. 445.) leaves obovate-oblong, cuneated at the base,
*** Leaves pinnate.
acute at the apex, never clammy; young branches compressed,
adult ones round; flowers dioecious, racemose.
23 D. MULTIJUGA ; leaflets 10-15 pairs, small, pubescent, 3-
h.S. Na
tive of the East Indies, particularly in Hindostan.
D. oblon-
toothed at the apex; petioles interruptedly winged; panicles
axillary and terminal.
gifòlia, Link, enum. 1. p. 381.? D. heterophylla, Hortul.
ħ.G. Native of New Holland (v. s.
Very like the following species. Perhaps the figure in Rumph.
herb. Lamb.).
amb. 4. t. 50. is referable to this or to D. triquetra.
Many-paired-leafletted Dodonæa. Shrub 2 feet.
Dioecious-flowered Dodonæa. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
24 D. BORONIÆFÒLIA ; leaflets 3-4 pairs, small, trifid at the
Shrub 4 feet.
apex, with the petioles winged, pubescent. Þ.G. Native of
11 D. TRI'QUETRA (Andr. bot. rep. t. 231.) leaves lanceolate,
New Holland (v. s. herb. Lamb.).
Boronia-leaved Dodonæa. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
tapering to both ends; branchlets triquetrous ; flowers dioecious,
racemose; fruit with narrow wings, shorter than the pedicel.
25 D. CALEYA'NA ; pilose ; leaflets 3-4 pairs, small, ovate,
h. G. Native of New Holland.
with revolute edges ; petioles winged. h.G. Native of New
Holland (v. s. herb. Lamb.).
Three-sided-branched Dodonæa. F1. Ju.Jul. Clt. 1790. Sh. 4 ft.
12 D. CUNEA'TA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 5. Rudge, Lina
Caley's Dodonæa. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
trans. 11. p. 296. t. 19.) leaves oblong, wedge-shaped, 3-toothed
26 D. PINNA'TA (Smith, in Rees' cycl.) leaflets 3-8 pairs,
at the apex; branchlets hardly angular ; flowers in short pani-
small, lanceolate, with revolute edges; fruit 3-winged ; branches
cles. h.G. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson.
villous ; petioles interruptedly winged. h. G. Native of New
Holland.
Fruit almost like that of D. viscosa.
Pinnate-leaved Dodonæa. Clt. 1824. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Wedge-leaved Dodonæa. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Sh. 3 ft.
13 D. ASPLENIFÒLIA (Rudge, in Lin. trans. vol. 11. p. 297.
Cult. Dodonæa is a genus of trifling shrubs not worth cul-
t. 20.) leaves oblanceolate, tapering to the base, 3-toothed at
tivating, except in botanic gardens. They will thrive well in a
the apex, clammy; flowers somewhat racemose; branches tri-
mixture of loam and peat or any light soil, and cuttings will root
readily in sand under a hand-glass, those of the stove species
quetrous. h.G. Native of New Holland about Port Jackson.
Spleen-wort-leaved Dodonæa. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816.
should be placed in a moderate heat.
Shrub 4 feet.
14 D. UMBELLA'TA; leaves lanceolate, coriaceous, tapering to XXIX. MAGONÆA (Magon, the name of some botanist
both ends; flowers terminal, umbellate. . G. Native of known to St. Hilaire). St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 394. Cambess. in
New Holland (v. s. herb. Lamb.).
mem. mus. 18. p. 35. Phæocarpus, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 62. t.
Umbellate-flowered Dodonæa. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
37-38.
15 D. KI'NGII; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both LIN. Syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, un-
ends, coriaceous; flowers in short, terminal racemes; fruit small, equal. Petals 5, destitute of scales. Disk occupying the bottom
3-winged. Þ.G. Native of New Holland (v.s. herb. Lamb.).
-
of the calyx, irregular. Stamens 8, inserted in the disk. Pistil
King's Dodonæa. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
excentral. Style curved, terminated by a somewhat 3-lobed
16 D. CONFE'RTA; leaves obovate-lanceolate, mucronate, ta- stigma. Ovary 3-celled ; cells containing many ovulæ ; ovulæ
pering to the base ; racemes short, crowded. Þ.G. Native imbricate. Capsule large, woody, 3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds
of Van Diemen's Land (v. s. herb. Lamb.).
large, flat, girded by a wing. Embryo straight, very flat. Co-
Crowded-flowered Dodonæa, Shrub 1 to 4 feet.
tyledons large, suborbicular.—Trees with exstipulate, abruptly
17 D. LONGIPES ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both pinnate leaves, and racemose panicles of flowers.
ends, obtuse, mucronate ; racemes short, axillary; pedicels 1 M. PUBE'SCENS (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 394. pl. rem. bras. 1.
long; fruit 3-winged. h. G. Native of New Holland. Fruit p. 239. t. 23 and 24.) branches pubescent; leaflets ovate or
dark-purple, with greenish-yellow wings (v. s. herb. Lamb.). oblong-elliptic, profoundly emarginate, pubescent; flowers ra-
Long-pedicelled Dodonæa. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
eemose; ovaries egg-shaped. h. S.
h.S. Native of Brazil in the
.

SAPINDACEÆ. XXX. ALECTRYON. XXXI. EYSTATHES, XXXII. RACARIA. XXXIII. VALENTINIA,&c. HUMIRIACEÆ, 675
-
province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Pao de Tinguy wrapped in a brittle covering.–A tree with abruptly pinnate
Phæocarpus campestris, Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 62. t. 37-38.
leaves and a spiny trunk.
Flowers yellowish-green.
1 R. SYLVA’TICA (Aubl. 1. c.). K.S. Native of Guiana in
Pubescent Magonæa. Tree 30 feet.
woods at the bottom of Serpent Mountain. Trunk beset with
2 M. GLABRA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 395. pl. rem. bras. 1. large spines above the cicatrices of the leaves. The wood is
p. 241.) branches smooth ; leaflets oblong-elliptic, emarginate, hard and durable. Leaves with 3 pairs of entire leaflets.
mucronulate, smoothish; flowers panicled ; ovaries egg-shaped. Wood Racaria. Shrub 8 feet.
h.s. Native of Brazil with the last.
Cult. This tree is very little known, but if ever it should be
Smooth Magonæa. Tree 30 feet.
introduced to the gardens we would recommend that it should
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will answer the species ; be
grown
in a mixture of loam and peat; and ripened cuttings
and ripe cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, will root readily to be planted in sand and a hand-glass placed over them, in a
in sand, under a hand-glass, in heat.
moist heat.
XXX. ALE'CTRYON (from alɛktpuwv, alectryon, a cock, Valentini, a German botanist, author of Prodromus Historiæ
XXXIII, VALENTI'NIA (in honour of Michael Berhard
,
in allusion to the wing of the fruit having a crest like a cock-
Hessiæ, published in the year 1707.). Swartz, A. ind. 687. t. 14.
comb). Gært. fruct. 1. p. 216. t. 46.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 618.
LIN. SYST.
.
Octándria, Monogynia ? Flowers unknown.
LIN. SYST.
Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, co-
Berry coriaceous, globose, 1-celled, with the margin at the apex
loured, spreading, permanent. Petals wanting. Stamens 8.
crested or winged. Receptacle a small tubercle above the base
of the loculament at the crested side of the berry. Seed erect,
Ovary roundish. Style 1. Capsule baccate, pulpy inside, open-
;
without albumen, girded by an incomplete aril, fixed to the base of ing. at length into 3 or 4 revolute valves. Seeds 3-4, oblong.
This genus is referable to Sapindàceæ, from the analogy of the
the cell. Cotyledons spirally convolute, and with the radicle
leaves, with Thouinia simplicifolia, and deficient of petals as in
pointing downwards as in Dodonæa.—Trees or shrubs with
Schleichèra and Llagunòa.
simple leaves.
1 A. EXCE'LSUM (Gært. l. c.) fruit with a crested wing at
1 V. ILCIFÒLIA (Swartz, 1. c.). h. S. Native of Hispa-
niola and Cuba, on the most sterile rocks towards the sea. Leaves
the apex. n. S. Native of? Euonymoides excélsa, Sol. in
alternate, like those of the holly, but are more oblong, but
coll. Banks.
Tall Alectryon. Tree or shrub.
probably they are more like those of Thouínia simplicifolia.
2 A.? CANE'SCENS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 617.) fruit edged
Flowers scarlet, disposed in umbels.
around with a wing. ħ. G. Native of New Holland on the
Holly-leaved Valentinia. Shrub 3 feet.
Cult. This beautiful shrub will probably grow in a mixture
eastern coast. Leaves oblong, obtuse, clothed with very
close-
of sand and loam ; and ripened cuttings will perhaps root in
pressed pubescence. Racemes axillary, length of leaves. Fruit
sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
almost like that of Samerària. Style connected on both sides
to the wing of the fruit. Seed oblong, thick.
XXXIV. PEDICEʻLLIA (from pedicellus, a pedicel ; seeds
Hoary Alectryon. Tree or shrub.
seated on pedicels). Lour. I. coch. p. 655. D. C. prod. 1.
Cult. Aléctryon is a genus which is hardly known; but we
should recommend the same culture and mode of propagation as LIN. Syst. Polygàmia, Dioècia.
SYST
Flowers polygamo-dioe-
that given to Dodona'a, should the plants ever be introduced cious. Calyx 5-parted; lobes small, acute. Petals wanting.
to the gardens.
Stamens 8. Ovary roundish, stalked. Style almost wanting.
Stigmas 3, somewhat reflexed. Capsules 3-valved. Seed 1,
† Genera not sufficiently known, but evidently belonging to seated on a proper pedicel.—A small tree, with opposite, lan-
Sapindaceæ.
ceolate, quite entire leaves, and terminal racemes of small,
XXXI. EYSTATHE'S (from Evoraons, eystathes, stable,
whitish flowers. The order to which this plant really belongs
durable ; in allusion to the hardness and durability of the wood).
;
is extremely doubtful, on account of the opposite leaves.
Lour. Al, coch. p. 235. D. C. prod. 1. p. 618.
1 P. OPPOSITIFÒLIA (Lour. l. c.). N.G. Native of Cochin-
LIN. SYST. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Pe-
china in woods. The nectary or disk is 5-crenate.
tals 5, equal in length with the calyx. Stamens 8. Ovary
Opposite-leaved Pedicellia. Tree 16 feet.
roundish. Style filiform.
Stigma blunt
Berry globose,
Cult. This tree will grow in a mixture of loam and peat;
fleshy, 1-celled, 4-seeded.—A large tree with simple leaves, and
and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass.
racemes of small, white flowers.
1 E. SYLVE'STRIS (Lour. 1. c.). K.G. Native of Cochin-
XXXV. PIERA'RDIA (in honour of Mr. Pierard, of Kew).
Roxb. hort. beng. p. 28.
china on the mountains. Valentínia sylvestris, Raeusch. Leaves
LIN. SYST.
ovate-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, smooth.
Octándria, Monogynia. Flowers monoecious.
Branches
Calyx 4-parted, tomentose. Petals wanting?
Stamens 8.
spreading. The wood is hard and durable, and is used for Style crowned by 3 stigmas. Berry globose, 3-celled, 3-seeded.
building in Cochin-china.
3
Wild Eystathes. Tree 60 feet.
-A tree with alternate, simple, ovate-lanceolate, coriaceous
Cult. This tree will no doubt thrive well in a mixture of
leaves, and racemes of yellow flowers. Fruit eatable.
loam and peat; and ripened cuttings will probably root in sand
1 P. DU'LCIS (Jack, mal. misc.). h.s. Native of Sumatra
under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
and Chittagong. P. sápida, Roxb. hort. beng. 1. c.
Sweet Pierardia. Clt. 1820. Tree 30 feet.
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree well;
XXXII.?. RACARIA (Racari, the name of the tree in and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in
Guiana). Aubl. guian. suppl. t. 24. f. 382. D. C. prod. 1. heat.
p. 618.
Octándria, Monogynia ? Flowers unknown.
ORDER L. HUMIRIA'CEÆ (plants agreeing with Humèrium
Drupe ovate, 1-celled, containing 3 oblong, trigonal nuts, en- in many important characters). St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 87.
p. 618.
LIN. SYST.
4 R2

676
HUMIRIACEÆ, I. HUMIRIUM. II. HELLERIA. III. SACAGLOTTIS.
Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, alternating with the lobes of the be used medicinally in the same manner as balsam of Peru. The
calyx. Stamens hypogynous, double, quadruple, and multiple tree is called Red-wood by the Creoles on account of the wood
being red.
the number of the petals, monadelphous at the base, drawn out
Balsam-bearing Humirium. Tree 40 feet.
beyond the anthers, which are short and 2-celled. Style simple,
4 H. CRASSIFÒLIUM (Mart. fl. bras. 2. p. 143. t. 198.) leaves
crowned by a lobed stigma. Ovary free, for the most part coriaceous, stalked, obovate-oblong, entire; petioles winged;
'
girded by an annular disk at the base, 5-celled; cells 1-2-ovu- petals pubescent on the back. h.s. Native of Brazil on mount
late. Fruit drupe-formed, containing a 5-celled nut, or fewer
Serra de Arara-coara, on the confines of Peru. Cymes axillary,
trichotomous. Flowers small, white.
from abortion; cells 1-2-seeded. Integument of seed membra-
Thick-leaved Humirium. Tree 8 to 12 feet.
nous. Embryo straight, oblong, within a fleshy albumen.--Trees
5 H. FLORIBU'NDUM (Mart. fl. bras. 2. p. 145. t. 199.) leaves
and shrubs, abounding in resinous juice, with alternate, simple, co- obovate or oblong, with a short acumen at the tip, emarginate,
riaceous, exstipulate leaves, and axillary corymbs of flowers. quite entire, tapering into the short petiole ; branches and pedicels
2-edged ; petals smooth. h. s. Native of Brazil in the
Synopsis of the Genera.
province of Bahia. Cymes trichotomous, axillary. Flowers small,
white.
1 HUMI RIUM. Stamens 20, joined into a tube, alternate ones
Bundle-flowered Humirium. Tree 20 to 30 feet.
shortest, ciliated above. Annular disk 20-lobed. Stigma 5- Cult. These elegant trees will thrive well in a mixture of
lobed. Fruit containing a 5-celled nut. Cells 2-seeded.
loam and sand, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a
2 Helle'RIA. Stamens numerous, disposed in 5 bundles, hand-glass, in heat.
connected at the base into a ring. Annular disk toothed.
II. HELLERIA (in honour of George Heller, professor of
Stigma 5-lobed. Fruit containing a 5-celled nut, or fewer
botany at Wurzburg). Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 40.
celled from abortion.
t. 7. St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 90.
3 SACAGLÓTTIS. Stamens 10, with the filaments connate at
LIN. SYST.
Polyadélphia, Polyándria. Lobes of calyx im-
the base; anthers ending in a ligula. Ovary girded by a ring. pressed with glandular pores on the back. Petals reflexed.
Stigma depressed, rather lobed. Ovary 5-celled, with 1 pendu- petals ; filaments connected into a ring at the base ; cells of an-
Stamens numerous, disposed in 5 fascicles, alternating with the
lous ovulæ in each cell,
thers smooth, ending in a gland. Stigma 5-lobed. Ovary vil-
lous, 5-celled. Fruit drupe-formed ; cells of putamen exca-
I. HUMI'RIUM (Houmiri is the name of H. balsamiferum in vated, usually fewer than in the ovary.—Trees and shrubs, with
Guiana). Mart. fl. bras. 1. p. 143. t. 198 and t. 199. St. Hil. stalked, entire leaves. Flowers terminal on the branches, usually
fl. bras. 2. p. 88.—Houmìri, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 564. t. 215. in dichotomous cymes or corymbs. Sometimes there is a 6th
Houmìria, Juss.-Humìria, D. C. prod. 1. p. 619.—Myrodén- cell added to the ovary.
dron, Schreb. gen. no. 901.
1 H. OVALIFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 91.) leaves large,
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Stamens 20, with the ovate; peduncles hispid ; petals tomentose. h.S. Native of
filaments connected into a tube at the base ; cells of anthers Brazil in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Minas Novas. Pe-
drawn out. Disk annular, 20-toothed, surrounding the ovary. tals greenish-white.
Stigma 5-lobed. Fruit drupe-formed, containing a 5-celled pu- Oval-leaved Helleria. Fl. Aug. Shrub 6 feet.
tamen; cells 2-seeded from abortion, each separated by a bony dis- 2 H. OBOVA'TA (Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 40. t. 7.)
sepiment.--Trees flowing with balsam. Leaves entire, commonly leaves obovate, emarginate and mucronulate at the apex; pe-
margined by small gland-like dots, with the limb running down duncles and petals smooth. K.S. Native of Brazil in the
the petiole, and even down the stem, therefore sessile. Flowers province of Minas Geraes. Petals
greenish-white.
axillary and terminal, corymbose, and irregularly cymose.
Obovate-leaved Helleria. Fl. Sept. Shrub 5-6-12 feet.
1 H. PARVIFLO'RUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 89.) leaves short, Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit these
obovate, tapering into the petiole, emarginate and mucronulate shrubs, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass,
at the apex; inflorescence longer than the leaves; peduncles in heat.
and petals smooth. h.S. Native of Brazil in the province of
Rio Janeiro. Petals green. .
III. SACAGLO'TTIS (from cakoc, sakos, a buckler or shield,
Small-flowered Humirium. Fl. Sept. Tree.
and ylwtta, glotta, a tongue; in allusion to the anthers being
2 H. MONTA'NUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 90.) leaves sessile, ob- terminated by a ligula, as well as in the ovary being surrounded
ovate ; inflorescence shorter than the leaves; peduncles hairy; by a buckler-like cupula). Mart. fl. bras. 2. p. 146. Act. bonn.
p
petals smooth. h.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas 12. p. 39. with a figure.
Geraes. Petals
green.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx cup-shaped,
Mountain Humirium. Tree.
quinquefid. Petals 5, revolute. Stamens 10, with the filaments
3 H. BALSAMÍFERUM (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 564. t. 225.) leaves connate at the base ; cells of anthers connective, drawn out into
ovate-oblong, half stem-clasping, with a decurrent nerve on
the back ; inflorescence longer than the leaves ; peduncles taining one pendulous ovula. Stigma depressed, capitate, glo-
a ligula. Ovary girded by a cupula, 5-celled, each cell con-
smooth as well as the petals. h.s. Native of Guiana and bose, somewhat lobed.-A tree with round branches. Leaves
Cayenne. Myrodendron amplexicaule, Willd.
spec. 2.
.
Bark thick, abounding in red balsamic fluid, resembling styrax in yellowish-green, in short axillary corymbs.
oblong, acuminated, shining above, and pale beneath. Flowers
smell; after it has exuded from the bark it becomes brittle and 1 S. AMAZÓNICA (Mart. A. bras. 2. p. 146.) K.S. Native
transparent, and when burnt affords a very agreeable odour. on the banks of the river Amazon.
The negroes and the natives of Guiana use the bark for the Amazonian Sacaglottis. Tree 20 feet.
purpose of slips to make flambeaus. They also use the wood Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit this tree, and
in building their houses. The resin, according to Aublet, might ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
.
-
p. 1171.

MELIACEÆ,
677
ORDER LI. MELIA'CEÆ (plants agreeing with Mèlia in im- side. Stigmas 5, bifid. Drupe containing 5 ovate, compressed
portant characters). Juss. gen. 263. mem. mus. 3. p. 436. nuts, which are 2-valved at the base and 1-seeded. Leaves
trifoliate.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 619.
Calyx of 4 or 5 (f. 113. a.) sepals, but usually 4-5-toothed 8 Me'lia. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 114. a.). Petals 5 (f. 114. b.).
or 4-5-cleft (f. 115. a.). Petals hypogynous, equal in number Stamens 10 (f. 114. c.), connected into a tube, which has 20
with the sepals (f. 113. b. f. 115. b.), and alternating with teeth at the apex, bearing the anthers on the inside at the
them, each with a broad claw, usually joined together at the throat. Ovary seated on an elevated torus. Drupe contain-
base, and generally valvate in the bud. Stamens double the ing a 5-furrowed, 5-celled nut ; cells 1-seeded. Leaves pinnate
;
number of the petals, very rarely equal, triple or quadruple or bipinnate.
that number, with their filaments joined together into a long-
TRIBE II.
toothed tube (f. 113. c. f. 114. c. f. 115. d.); anthers sessile in
the throat of the tube, adnate to its inner side. Ovary 1
TRICHILIE Æ. Cells of fruit 1-2-seeded. Embryo inverted, .
(f. 113. d.). Style 1 (f. 113. e.), with distinct (f. 113. d.) or Cotyledons thick. Leaves pinnate, trifoliate, rarely simple.
joined (f. 114. d.) stigmas. Fruit various, baccate (f. 114.),
9 TRICHI'LIA
9 Trichi'lia, Calyx 4-5-toothed (f. 115. a.). Petals 4-5
drupaceous (f. 113. f.), or capsular, many-celled, but from (f. 115. b.). Stamens 8-10 (f. 115. d.), sometimes distinct (f.
abortion often 1-celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each 115. d.), sometimes connected into a tube, bearing the anthers at
valve. Seeds without albumen, with various-formed dicotyle-
.
the throat inside. Capsule 2-3-valved, 2-3-celled ; valves with
donous embryos.- Tropical trees or shrubs, with alternate, ex- a dissepiment in the middle of each ; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds
stipulate, simple or compound leaves. This order is particularly arillate. Leaves pinnate, trifoliate or simple.
distinguished by the stamens being united into a tube, which is 10 Mi’LNEA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Urceolus with 5
toothed at the apex, bearing the anthers in its throat, rarely only anthers round its inside at the throat. Ovary 3-celled, each
monadelphous at the base (f. 115. d.).
cell containing 1-2 ovulæ. Berry large, 3-celled, usually 1-
seeded. Seed arillate.
Synopsis of the Genera.
11 GONISCHE TON. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10,
TRIBE I.
joined into a tube, which is toothed at the apex, and bearing
MELIE'Æ. Cells of fruit 1-2-seeded. Embryo inverted. Coty. the anthers at the throat.
the anthers at the throat. Capsule globose, 3-4-valved, 3-4-
ledons flat, leafy. Leaves simple or compound.
celled. Seed solitary from abortion, without aril. Leaves im-
1 GERU'MA. Calyx 5-toothed, flat. Petals 5. Stamens 5, pari-pinnate.
connected into a ring at the base. Style crowned by 3 stigmas. 12 XYLUM. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-
Capsule 4-5-celled, 4-5-valved; cells 2-seeded. Seeds inserted 10, connected into a tube, bearing the anthers at the throat.
in pulp. Leaves simple.
Capsule coriaceous, 3-4-valved, 3-4-celled ; cells 1-seeded, with
2 TURRÆ'A. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 10, joined a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seed without aril.
into a long tube, which is 10-cleft at the apex, with the anthers Leaves abruptly-pinnate.
inserted between the lobes. Style crowned by a thickish stigma. 13 EKEBE'RGIA. Calyx 4-cleft. Petals 4. Stamens 10, con-
Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of nected into a short tube, which is entire at the apex, bearing ses-
each valve ; cells 2-seeded. Leaves simple, rarely pinnate. sile anthers on the inside of the tube. Berry globose, 5-seeded.
3 Quivísia. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, short, silky Leaves impari-pinnate.
outside. Stamens 8-10, in a short tube. Stigma capitate. Cap- 14 GUA'REA. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4. Stamens 8, con-
sule coriaceous, 4-5-celled, opening by 4-5 valves at the apex, nected into a tube, which is toothed at the apex, bearing the an-
with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve; cells 2-seeded. thers at the throat on the inside. Stigma capitate. Capsule 4-
celled, 4-valved. Seeds solitary in the cells, arillate. Leaves
4 Strigília. Calyx 5--toothed. Petals 5, joined at the base, abruptly-pinnate.
silky outside. Stamens 10, joined into a tube. Drupe obovate, 15 EPICHA'ris. Calyx urceolate, irregularly 5-6-cleft. Pe-
3-celled, but only 1-seeded from abortion (R. et P.), 6 celled ; tals 4, rarely 5. Anthers 8-10, adnate to the throat of the
cells 1-seeded (Cav.). Leaves simple.
toothed tube. Capsule subglobose, coriaceous, 2-4-valved, 2-4-
5 CANE'LLA. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 113. a.). Petals 5 (f. 113, celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seed
b.). Stamens 10-15 (f. 113. c.), joined into a tube. Stigmas 3. solitary, incompletely covered by a fleshy aril. Leaves abruptly-
Drupe 3-celled, or only 1-celled from abortion; cells 1-2-seeded. pinnate.
16 DIDYMOCHE'Ton. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5, connate
6 Cipade'ssa. Calyx 5-toothed.
Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10, with the tube of the stamens at the base. Stamens 10, with the
connected into a tube at the base ; anthers adnate inside. Cap- tube elongated and 10-toothed at the
tube elongated and 10-toothed at the apex, bearing the anthers
sule globose, 5-furrowed, containing a 5-celled, 5-seeded nu- in the throat. Capsule ovate, 2-3-celled from abortion. Seeds
cleus.
solitary, axarillate. Leaves impari-pinnate.
7 SANDO'RICUM. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10, 17 APHANAMI'xis. Calyx of 5 roundish sepals. Petals 3.
joined into a tube, which is 10-toothed, bearing the anthers in- Stamens 6, connate into a globose tube. Capsule 2-3-valved,
a
a
Leaves simple.
a
a
Leaves simple.
CIPADE'SSA
a

678
MELIACEÆ. I. GERUMA. II. TURRÆA.
a
2-3-celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. villous. . S. Native of the East Indies among heaps of
Scoria on worn out volcanoes, Smith, icon. ined. 1. t. 10.
Seed solitary, covered with lobed aril. Leaves impari-pinnate.
Flowers white, disposed in small axillary spikes.
18 He'YNEA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 10,
Var. B? Billardièrüi (D. C. prod. 1. p. 620.) leaves ovate,
connected into a tube, bearing the anthers at the apex. Ovary lanceolate, acuminated, young ones pubescent, at length becom-
2-celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Capsule 2-valved, 1-celled, 1-seeded
Capsule 2-valved, 1-celled, 1-seeded ing smooth; calyx pubescent ; stigma protruding much. h
from abortion. Leaves impari-pinnate.
S. Native of the East Indian Islands. Perhaps a proper
19 Chisoche'ron. Calyx urceolate, nearly entire. Petals 4, species.
Green Turræa. Clt. 1820. Tree 20 feet.
linear. Anthers 6, rarely 7-8, inserted in the throat of the 6-
2 T. PUBE'SCENS (Willd. spec. 2. p. 555.) leaves ovate, emar-
cleft tube. Capsule 2-3-celled, rarely 1-celled, 2-3-valved, with
ginate, pubescent beneath ; calyxes villous. ñ.s. Native of
a dissepiment in the middle of each valve. Seeds covered by the Island of Hainan. Hellen, in act. holm. 1788. p. 296. t. 10.
an incomplete, fleshy aril. Leaves impari-pinnate.
f. 3. Flowers reddish, disposed in umbels.
Pubescent Turræa. Tree 20 feet.
20 CARA PA. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10,
3 T. MACULATA (Smith, icon. ined. 1. t. 11.) leaves ovate,
connected into a tube, which is toothed at the apex, bearing the
acute, smooth ; calyxes ciliated; petals smooth. ħ.s. Native
anthers at the throat on the inside. Style short, crowned by a
of Madagascar. T. glabra, Cav. diss. 7. p. 360. t. 204. Flowers
broad stigma. Drupe 4-5, furrowed or lobed, 4-5-valved, 4-5- 2 or 3 inches long, disposed in lateral bundles, with pale-red
seeded. Seeds very large, resembling those of the Mammee petals. Leaves with pale spots, especially at the nerves beneath,
deciduous.
apple. Leaves abruptly-pinnate.
Spotted-leaved Turræa. Tree 20 feet?
21 CALPA'NDRIA. Calyx of 4 permanent, unequal sepals.
4 T. SERICEA (Smith, icon. ined. 1. t. 12.) leaves ovate,
Petals 4. Stamens 25-40 ; filaments distinct at the base, but bluntish, downy on both surfaces ; calyxes, peduncles, and pe-
joined into a cylindrical tube at the apex, bearing the anthers tals villous. n. S. Native of Madagascar. T. tomentosa,
in its throat. Capsule woody, subglobose, 3-valved, 3-celled, with
Cav. 1. c. p. 361. t. 205. f. 2. Petals linear, 4 inches long,
longer than the staminiferous tube. Flowers red, large, rising
a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, each cell containing longer than the staminiferous tube.
from the lateral buds, usually solitary, seldom 3-4 together.
1-2 1-seeded nuts. Seeds without aril.
Seeds without aril. Leaves simple.
Leaves deciduous.
22 ODONTA'NDRIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, ovate. Fila- Silky-calyxed Turræa. Tree 20 feet.
ments 10, connate at the base, the 5 opposite the petals sterile. 5 T. LANCEOLATA (Cav. diss. 7. p. 361. t. 205. f. 1.) leaves
Disk none. Style short, crowned by an obtuse stigma.
lanceolate, bluntish at both ends, smooth ; segments of calyx
lanceolate, longer than its tube ; petals linear, shorter than the
staminiferous tube. h.s.
Tribe I.
ħ.S. Native of Madagascar. Peduncles
axillary, 1-2-flowered. Flowers an inch long. Petals yellow,
MELIEÆ (plants agreeing with Mèlia in many important with scarlet bases. Capsules clothed with a rufous down.
characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 619. Cells of fruit 1 or 2-seeded
Lanceolate-leaved Turræa. Shrub.
(f. 113. f.), destitute of albumen. Embryo inverted. Cotyle- 6 T. RI’GIDA (Vent. choix. t. 48.) leaves elliptical, acuminated,
dons flat, leafy.-Trees or shrubs, with alternate leaves; they with revolute margins, stiff, shining ; calyxes and petals smooth-
are simple in the 5 first genera, and compound in the 2 last. ish ; branches straight. h.s. Native of the Mauritius. Petals
I. GERUʻMA (djerrum is the Arabic name of this shrub). yellow, rather pilose, an inch long, a little longer than the stami-
)
Forsk. descr. 62. D. C. prod. 1. p. 619.
niferous tube.
LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Pentándria. Calyx flat, 5-toothed. Stiff-leaved Turræa. Clt. 1816. Tree 50 feet.
Petals 5, lanceolate, spreading. Stamens 5, erect, joined in a 7 T. HETEROPHY'LLA (Smith in Rees' cycl. 36. no. 6.) leaves
thick ring at the base. Anthers trigonal. Style 1. Stigmas 3.
ovate, undivided or 3-lobed, with villous veins ; calyxes hairy,
Capsules oval, 4-5-celled, 4-5-valved. Seeds 2 in each cell, in- with short teeth ; petals reddish, somewhat spatulate, longer than
serted in trigonal pulp. (Forsk.)
the staminiferous tube. h. S. Native of Guinea at Cape Coast.
1 G. A'LBA (Forsk. 1. c.) ñ ? G. Native of Arabia about
Variable-leaved Turræa. Tree 20 feet?
Hadie. Leaves alternate, oval-oblong, somewhat serrated.
8 T. QUERCIFOLIA ; leaves cuneated at the base, triangularly
Flowers white.
3-lobed at the top, somewhat 5-lobed; pedicels solitary, axillary,
White Geruma. Shrub.
1-flowered. h. s. Native of Sierra Leone. Flowers appa-
Cult. This shrub will grow freely in a mixture of loam and
rently red.
peat, and large cuttings will strike root freely in sand under a Oak-leaved Turræa. Tree.
.
hand-glass.
9 T. PINNA'TA (Wall. pl. asiat. rar. 2. t. 119.) leaves impari-
II. TURRÆA (in honour of George Turra, an Italian bo-
pinnate, with 2-3 pairs of stalked, cordate-lanceolate, acute,
tanist, and professor of botany in the university of Padua, author
quite entire, pubescent leaflets; calyx pubescent, with ligulate,
of several botanical works; died in 1607). Lin. mant. no. 1306.
obtuse segments; claws of petals connate.
ħ. S. Native of
the East Indies. Corolla pink.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 620.
.
Pinnate-leaved Turræa. Tree.
LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 10 T.? HERBA'CEA (Poir. dict. 8. p. 187.) leaves elliptic-lan-
5, very long, strap-formed. Stamens 10, joined into a very long ceolate, obtuse, smooth; flowers solitary;
tube, which is 10-cleft at the apex, with the anthers at the base
calyxes striated,
of the lobes, or inserted between them. Style 1. Stigma apex.
smooth. O ? S. Native of Rio Janeiro. Petals jagged at the
thickish. Capsules 5-celled ; cells 2-seeded; valves with a dis-
apex. Filaments shorter than the corolla. This is probably a
sepiment in the middle of each. Leaves simple, rarely pinnate.
distinct genus, and not belonging to Meliàceæ.
Herbaceous Turræa. Pl.
1 T. VI'RENS (Lin. mant. 237.) leaves elliptical-lanceolate,
acuminated, emarginate, quite smooth ; calyxes and fruit silky- of loam, peat, and sand, and ripened cuttings will strike root in
Cult. The species of this genus will grow well in a mixture
1
a

MELIACEÆ. 1II. QUIVISIA. IV. STRIGILIA. V. CANELLA.
679
racemose.
a
sand under a hand-glass, in heat. The last species can only be 3 S. OVA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. I. c. and fl. per. 4. t. 390. under
raised from seeds.
Foveolària,) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, smooth ; furnished
with very small glanduliferous hollows; panicles axillary, usually
III. QUIVI'SIA (one of the species is called Bois de quivi in 2-3 together. K.S. Native of Peru. Flowers white.
the Isle of France). Comm. in Juss. gen. 264. D. C. prod. 1. p. Ovate-leaved Strigilia. Tree 60 feet.
620.-Gilibértia, Gmel. syst. 682.
4 S. CRÒCEA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 392. under Foveolària,)
LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Octo-Decándria. Calyx urceolate, leaves oblong, broad, acuminated; panicles axillary, usually
4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, short, silky on the outside. Anthers twin; anthers beset with stellate bristles; calyx entire or nearly
8-10, seated on the top of a short tube. Stigma capitate. Cap- so. h.s. Native of Peru.
sule coriaceous, 4-5-celled, opening by 4-5 valves at the apex ; Copper-coloured Strigilia. Tree.
valves with a dissepiment in the middle of each ; cells 2- 5 S. CORDA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. I. c. and fl. per. 4. t. 389. under
seeded. Leaves simple.
Foveolària,) leaves cordate, ovate, acute, furnished with glan-
1 Q. DECA'NDRA (Cav. diss. 7. p. 367. t. 211.) leaves alter- duliferous hollows; racemes panicled, axillary, usually 8 to-
nate, oblong, entire, tapering to both ends; peduncles axillary, gether. h. s.
;
gether. h. S. Native of Peru in groves.
Native of Peru in groves. Flowers probably
n. S. Native of the Mauritius. Q. racemosa,
white.
Pers. ench. 1. p. 468. Gilibértia decándra, Willd. spec. 2. p. 551. Cordate-leaved Strigilia. Tree 60 feet.
Flowers white.
Cult. These trees will succeed in a mixture of loam and
Decandrous Quivisia. Tree 20 feet.
peat, and ripened cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-
2 Q. OPPOSITIFÒLIA (Cav. diss. 7. p. 368. t. 214.) leaves op- glass, in heat.
posite, ovate, quite entire, smooth ; peduncles axillary, 3-5-
flowered. h... Native of the Mauritius. Gilibértia opposi- V. CANEʻLLA (from canna, a reed ; in allusion to the rolled
tifòlia, Willd. l. c. Flowers white.
bark like cinnamon). Browne, jam. 215. D. C. prod. 1. p.
563.
Opposite-leaved Quivisia. Tree 15 feet.
-Winteràna, Lin. gen. 598.
3 Q. ova'ta (Cav. diss. 7. p. 368. t. 212.) leaves alternate, LIN. SYST. Monadélphia, Deca-Icosandria. Calyx of 5 sepals
obovate, obtuse, entire; pedicels tern, axillary, 1-flowered; (f. 113. a.). Petals 5 (f. 113.6.), somewhat coriaceous, of a bluish-
fruit downy. h.S.
h.S. .
Native of the Island of Bourbon. Gili- glaucous colour, twisted in the bud. Stamens joined into a tube
bértia ovata, Willd. spec. 2. p. 552.–Gilibértia rutilans, Smith
,
552.-Gilibértia rùtilans, Smith (f. 113. c.); anthers 10-15 (f. 113. c.), fixed to the inside of the
in Rees' cycl. 16. no. 4. is hardly distinct from this, unless that tube. Stigmas 3. Berry 3-celled, but sometimes only 1-celled
the flowers are somewhat racemose. Flowers white.
from abortion; cells 1-2-seeded. Embryo curved (according to
Ovate-leaved Quivisia. Shrub 6 feet.
Gært.), enwrapped in a fleshy seed-cover, with linear cotyledons.
4 Q. HETEROPHYLLA (Cav. 1. c. t. 213.) leaves alternate, oval
Leaves simple.
or obovate, entire, sinuately-toothed and pinnatifid ; pedicels in 1 C. A’LBA (Murr. syst. 4. p.
FIG. 113.
pairs, axillary, 1-flowered. h. S. Native of the Mauritius. 443.) leaves alternate, obovate, cu-
Bory. voy. 1. p. 196. Flowers white ?
neated at the base, white or glau-
Variable-leaved Quivisia. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet.
cous beneath, somewhat coriace-
Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of loam and ous, sometimes full of pellucid
peat. Ripened cuttings will root freely in sand under a hand- dots; flowers terminal, cymose;
glass, in heat.
anthers 15. K.S. Native of the
Caribbee Islands and the mainland
IV. STRIGI'LIA (from strigilis, a comb; resemblance in of South America in woods. Win-
the denticulations of the anthers). Cav. diss. 7. p. 358. D. C. teràna canélla, Lin. spec. 636. C.
prod. 1. p. 621.–Foveolària, Ruiz et Pav. syst. fl.
álba, Swartz in Lin. trans. lond. 1.
Tremánthus, Pers. ench. 1. p. 467.
p. 96. t. 8.--Browne, jam. p. 215.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx campanulate, 5- t. 37. f. 3. C. Winteràna, Gært.
toothed. Petals 5, somewhat joined at the base, with linear seg- fruct. 1. p. 373. Laurus Winter-
ments, which are silky on the outside. Stamens 10 ; fila- ànus, Lin.
spec. ed. 1. p. 371. Cór-
ments joined into a tube; anthers rough from stellate-setaceous tex Winteranus, Blackw. herb. t.
dots. Drupe ovate, somewhat trilocular, 1-seeded from abor- 206.—Pluk. phyt. t. 160. f. 7.-
tion (Ruiz et Pav.), but according to Cavanilles 6-celled ; cells Sloan. jam. 2. p. 87. t. 191. f. 2.
1-seeded. This genus comes very near to Styrax, but differs This is a tree from 10 to 15 feet high, branched only at the top.
in the anthers being sessile at the top of the tube, not with the The bark is whitish, by which it is known at first sight in the
filaments free at the apex as in that genus. The leaves in all woods. The leaves are entire, glaucous beneath, and are very
the species are furnished with gland-bearing hollows.
like those of the laurel, shining above. The flowers grow at
1 S. RACEMÒSA (Cav. diss. 7. p. 358. t. 201.) plant clothed the tops of the branches in clusters, but upon divided peduncles;
with rufous hairs ; leaves oblong, with a short acumen, with re- they are small and seldom open, of a violet colour ; the calyx is
volute edges, glandless beneath, velvety from rusty hairs ; permanent; the petals are coriaceous and deciduous. The berry
racemes solitary, erect ; flowers secund. ñ . S. Native of
h. S. Native of is fleshy, smooth, black; the receptacle is the central angle of
Peru. Tremánthus ferrugineus, Pers. ench. 1. p. 467. Foveo- the cells. The seeds are usually globular and beaked, always
lària ferrugínea, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 4. t. 392. Calyx 5-toothed. very smooth, black, and shining, the outer skin is crustaceous,
Flowers probably white. Fruit hairy.
thin, and brittle; the inner of a bay-brown colour. The whole
Racemose-flowered Strigilia. Tree 80 feet.
tree is very aromatic, and when in blossom perfumes the whole
2 S. OBLONGA (Ruiz et Pav. 1. c. and A. per. 4. t. 391. under neighbourhood. The flowers dried, and softened again in warm
Foveolària,) leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth ; racemes pa- water, have a fragrant odour, nearly approaching to that of musk.
nicled, erect, solitary or in pairs. h. S. Native of Peru. The leaves have a strong smell of laurel. The white-bellied
Calyx 5-toothed. Flowers white ? Fruit large, obovate. and bald-pate pigeons feed greedily upon the berries, and thence
Oblong-leaved Strigilia. Tree 90 feet. .
acquire their peculiar flavour. The bark of this tree is brought
per. 99.-
♡
a
.
--
-
a
.

.
680
MELIACEÆ. V. CANELLA. VI. CIPADESSA. VII. SANDORICUM. VIII. MELIA.
to Europe in long quills, which are about three quarters of an crenated. h.s. Native of the East Indies. Differs from S.
inch in diameter, somewhat thicker than cinnamon, it is of a I'ndicum in the leaves being crenate, not entire.
whitish or light-brown colour, with a yellowish hue. In taste it Serrate-leaved Sandal-wood. Tree.
is moderately warm, aromatic, and bitterish; its smell is agree-
Cult. These trees will thrive in a mixture of loam and peat,
able, and resembles that of cloves. Its virtues are extracted and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
most perfectly by proof spirits. This bark has now superseded
that of Drymis Wintèri. It has been supposed to possess con-
VIII. ME'LIA (uella the Greek name for the ash; resem-
siderable virtues, and is said to be useful in scorbutic and many blance in leaves). Lin. gen. no. 576. D. C. prod. 1. p. 621.
.
other complaints. It is now, however, considered merely in the
LIN. SYST.
Monadelphia, Decándria. Calyx small, 5-cleft
light of an aromatic, and like many other spices is employed for (f. 114. a.). Petals 5 (f. 114. b.), oblong-linear, spreading.
the
purpose of correcting disagreeable drugs.
Stamens 10, with the filaments joined into a 20-toothed tube
White-barked Canella. Clt. 1735. Tree 15 feet.
(f. 114. c.), bearing the anthers on the inside at the throat,
2 C. AXILLA'RIS (Nees. et Mart. in nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 18. Ovary seated on a somewhat stipitate torus. Style filiform.
t. 3.) flowers axillary, nodding, decandrous. ħ. S. Native of Stigma capitate, 5-angled. Drupe ovate, containing a 5-fur-
.
Brazil. Bark white, smooth. Leaves elliptic, obtuse, quite rowed, 5-celled nucleus, each cell containing 1 seed. Albumen
entire, smooth, paler beneath, coriaceous. Calyx of 3 rounded fleshy, with flat leafy cotyledons and a superior radicle.— Trees
lobes. Petals 5, sessile, ovate-orbicular. Crown of 5 obovate, with impari-pinnate or bipinnate leaves, and axillary panicles of
ciliated segments, alternating with the petals. Tube short, gird- white or blue flowers, with reddish or purplish tube, and yellow
ing the germen, bearing 10 sessile anthers; anthers 2-celled. anthers.
Ovary ovate. The bark of this tree has the same properties as 1 M. AZEDARA'CH (Lin. spec. 550.) leaves bipinnate ; leaflets
that of C. álba.
deeply serrated, somewhat quinate. K.G. Native of Ceylon and
Axillary-flowered Canella. Tree 20 feet.
Syria. Cav. diss. 7. p. 363. t. 207. Lam. ill. 372. Comm.
3 C. LAURIFOLIA (Lodd. cat. Sweet, hort. brit. p. 65.) leaves hort. 1. t. 70. Leaves deciduous in autumn, remaining so all
obovate, lanceolate, narrower, green beneath ; flowers terminal. the winter in Europe, but within the tropics they are evergreen.
h.S. Native of the West Indies.
Petals violet ; tube of stamens reddish. Fruit the size of a
Laurel-leaved Canella. Clt. 1817. Tree 15 feet.
cherry, pale-yellow when ripe. The pulp surrounding the nucleus
Cult. These valuable trees will thrive well in a mixture of is poisonous, and when mixed with grease is said to kill dogs.
loam, peat, and sand; and well-ripened cuttings, taken off at a The seeds are bored and strung for beads by the Roman Ca-
joint, will root in sand under a hand-glass. in a moist heat, but tholics. Azadaracht is a name under which Avicennes speaks of
care should be taken not to deprive them of any of their leaves. a poisonous tree.
Mr. Sweet says that large old cuttings are best.
Azedarach Bead-tree. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1659. Tree 40 ft.
2 M. ROBU'STA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 33.) leaves bipinnate,
VI. CIPADE'SSA (meaning unknown). Blum. bijdr. 4th
especially with the leaflets either pinnate or ternate, membra-
number.
nous, roundish or oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, toothed ;
LIN. Syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx small, obsoletely
SYST
young leaves, branches, and petioles covered with a kind of
5-toothed. Petals 5; filaments 10, nearly the length of the
scurfy pubescence ; panicles axillary. h. S. Native of Ma-
petals, emarginate, connected into a tube at the base; anthers
labar. Flowers probably bluish.
Robust Bead-tree. Clt. 1820. Tree 40 feet.
adnate inside. Ovary girded by a ring, 5-celled; cells con-
taining 2 ovulæ. Style short, crowned by a capitate, 5-toothed
,
3 M. AUSTRA'LIS (Sweet, hort. brit. ed. 2. p. 85.) leaves bi-
stigma. Capsule globose, 5-furrowed, containing a 5-celled,
pinnate; leaflets ovate, acuminated, crenate-toothed; panicles axil-
5-seeded nucleus. A shrub with pinnate leaves.
lary. h.G. Native of New Holland. Leaves sometimes pinnate.
Southern Bead-tree. Clt. 1810. Tree 20 feet.
1 C. FRUTICÒSA (Blum. 1. c.). h.s. Native of Java. Lán-
sium domésticum, Jack, mal. mis. ex Spreng. syst. append. p. 252.
4 M. JAPÓNICA; leaves pinnate ; leaflets ovate, acuminated,
Shrubby Cipadessa. Shrub.
slightly crenate ; panicles axillary, divaricated. K.G. Native
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this shrub well, of Japan. Differs from M. A zedarách, in the leaves being slightly
and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
crenated, not deeply toothed, and in the panicles being divaricate,
not racemose. Flowers the colour of those of M. A zedarách.
Japan Bead-tree. Tree 30 feet.
VII. SANDO'RICUM (altered from Santoor, the Malay 5 M. SEMPERVÍRENS (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 737.) leaves
name of the tree). Cav. diss. 7. p. 359. D.C. prod. 1. p. 621. bipinnate ; leaflets deeply toothed, usually 7 in number, when
LIN. Syst. Monadelphia, Decándria. Calyx short, bluntly young shining; petioles roundish at the base.
5-toothed. Petals 5, linear. Stamens joined into a 10-toothed tive of Jamaica in hedges. Ker. bot. reg. 643.
Ker. bot. reg. 643. M. Azéda-
tube, and bearing the anthers within the tube. Stigmas 5, bifid. rach B, Lin. spec. 550. Smaller than the M. Azédarach,
Berry in the shape of an apple, containing 5 ovate-compressed usually flowering the second year from seed, and the leaves are
nuts, which are 2-valved and 1-seeded at the base. Seeds arched later of falling off in the autumn. This tree is known in the
at the hilum.-Trees with trifoliate leaves, that is to say, im- West Indies by the name of Indian lilac. Flowers bluish.
pari-pinnate, with an odd leaflet. Flowers yellow.
Ever-green Bead-tree. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1656. Tr. 25 ft.
1 S. I'NDICUM (Cav. diss. 7. p. 359. t. 202. and 203. Roxb. 6 M. Compósita (Willd. spec. 3. p. 559.) leaves somewhat
cor. 3. t. 261.) leaflets ovate, oblong, entire, pubescent. His. bipinnate, but at the apex of the petioles they are simply pin-
Native of the Philippine and Molucca islands and other parts of nate ; leaflets almost entire, lower ones ternate; peduncles, ca-
the East Indies. Sandoricum, Rumph. amb. 1. t. 61. Lam. ill. t. lyxes, and petals rather velvety. n. S.
h. S. Native of the East
350. Hantol, Lam. dict. This last is its name in the Philippine Indies, the Island of Timor, and is now cultivated in the Canary
islands. Racemes axillary, somewhat panicled. Flowers yellow. Islands.—M. dubia, Cav. diss. 7. 364. is probably distinct from
Fruit fleshy, agreeably acid.
this, but is not sufficiently known.-Burm. ind. t. 24. Flowers
Indian Sandal-tree. Clt. 1820. Tree 40 feet.
with whitish or pinkish petals, and the tube of the stamens
2 S, SERRA'TUM; leaflets ovate-elliptic, acuminated, repandly- purple. Leaves falling off in winter.
h.G. Na-
-

MELIACEÆ. VIII. Melia. IX. TRICHILIA.
681
* Leaves pinnate.
-
a
b
a.
-
Compound-leaved Bead-tree. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1810. Tr. 30 ft. Octo-Decándria. Calyx 4-5-toothed or lobed (f. 115. a.).
7 M. ARGU'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 622.) leaves bipinnate ; Petals 4-5 (f. 115.6.) -ovate or rather oblong, connected at the
leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, sharply and awnedly base. Stamens 8 or 10 (f. 115. d.), filaments flat, sometimes
serrated; calyxes and pedicels rather velvety. h.s. Native distinct (f. 115. d.), sometimes closely joined into a tube, bear-
of the Moluccas. Flowers unknown.
ing the anthers at the throat or between the teeth of the tube.
Sharp-serrated-leaved Bead-tree. Tree 20 feet.
Style simple, crowned by a capitate 3-lobed stigma. Capsules
8 M. AZADIRA'CHTA (Lin. spec.
FIG. 114.
3-valved, 3-celled (rarely 2-valved, 2-celled); valves bearing
550.) leaves pinnate; petioles te-
a dissepiment in the middle of each ; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds
rete; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, un-
baccate, arillate. Embryo inverted, with very thick cotyledons.
equal at the base, acuminated,
Trees and shrubs, with alternate, impari-pinnate, or trifoliate
dentately-serrated. h. S. Na-
leaves, and axillary racemes or panicles of white flowers, some-
tive of the East Indies. Cav.
times disposed into a crowded, sessile head.
diss. 7. p. 364. t. 208.-Burm.
zeyl. t. 15.-Rheed. mal. 4. t.
52. Flowers bluish. Fruit when
1 T. hírta (Lin. spec. 550.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 3
ripe of a purplish colour, about
or 4 pairs of elliptical, acuminated, smooth leaflets; racemes
the size of a small olive, the pulp
crowded ; filaments of stamens truly joined into a tube. h.S.
is oily, acrid, and bitter as well
Native of Jamaica, plentiful between Passage Fort and St.
as the bark. Azadarachtu is a
Jago de la Vega. Flowers greenish-white, with purple-headed
name under which Avicennes
stamens.
speaks of a poisonous tree.
Hairy Trichilia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. Tree 20 feet.
Azadirachta Bead-tree. Fi.
2 T. SPONDIOIDES (Swartz, fl.
FIG. 115.
July, Aug. Clt. 1759. Tr. 20 ft.
ind. occ. 730.) leaves impari-pin-
9 M. Baccifera (Roth. nov. spec. p. 218.) leaves pinnate ; nate, with 5 or 10 pairs of ovate-
petioles round ; leaflets ovate, coarsely and bluntly serrated lanceolate leaflets, which are some-
above the middle, equal at the base. h. S. Native of the East In- what hairy on the margins ; ra-
dies. · Flower with pinkish petals, and a purple staminiferous tube. cemes panicled, axillary ; fila-
Berry-bearing Bead-tree. Tree 20 feet.
ments of stamens almost distinct.
10 M. EXCE'LSA (Jack, mal, misc. vol. 1. no. 1. p. 12.) leaves h. S. Native of Jamaica and
pinnate; leaflets quite entire ; panicles crowded, axillary, a little St. Domingo on the mountains.
longer than the leaves. h. s. Native of Pulo-Penang. Tri- Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 1. t. 102.
chília excelsa, Spreng. syst. app. p. 252. Flowers white. An- -Sloane, hist. 2. t. 210. f. 2-3.
thers 10, in the throat of a 10-toothed tube.
Flowers small, whitish, odorous.
Lofty Bead-tree. Clt. 1819. Tree 50 feet.
The French in the West Indies
11 M. GUINEE'NSIS (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 168.)
called it Bastard Monbin.
leaves bipinnate ; leaflets deeply and coarsely serrated; flowers Spondias-like Trichilia. Fi.
in terminal, divaricate panicles. h. S. Native of Guinea, Sept. Dec. Clt. 1800. Tr. 20 ft.
where it is called by the English settlers lilac. Flowers with 3 T. AFFÌNIS (St. Hil. fl. bras.
white or pinkish petals, and a purplish tube of stamens. Fruit 2. p. 78.) leaflets 9, rarely 8 or fewer, lanceolate-ovate, obscurely
small, pale-yellow when ripe; the pulp is poisonous.
acuminated, puberulous on the nerves beneath ; panicles not
Guinea Bead-tree or Lilac. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1824. Tr. 30 ft. half so long as the leaves, usually twin ; petals connected at the
base, hardly puberulous; filaments connate into an 8-10-toothed
+ Species only known by name.
tube, bearing the anthers between the teeth. h.s. Native of
12 M, SUPE'RBA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 53.). h.s. Native
M.
Brazil in the province of the Missions. Petals yellowish.
of the East Indies at Soonda.
Allied Trichilia. Fl. Mar. Shrub 8 feet.
Superb Bead-tree. Clt. 1810. Tree 30 feet.
4 T. RICHARDIA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 78.) leaves im-
13 M. TOMENTÒSA (Roxb. 1. c. p. 90.). h.S. Native of pari-pinnate, with 3 pairs of lanceolate, bluntly acuminated
Prince of Wales Island.
leaflets, which are pilose in the axils of the veins beneath ; pa-
Donny Bead-tree. Tree 30 feet.
nicles loose and few-flowered, rather longer than the petioles ;
Cult. These fine trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam, petals distinct, smooth ; filaments connate into an 8-toothed
peat, and sand; and large ripened cuttings will strike root in tube, bearing the anthers between the teeth. n.s. Native of
sand under a hand-glass, but those of the stove species require Brazil near Rio Janeiro.
to be placed in a moderate heat. It must be observed that the Richard's Trichilia. Tree.
leaves should not be shortened. Seeds, if they can be procured, 5 T. TOMENTÒSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 215.)
is the best mode of increasing the species.
leaves impari-pinnate, with 12-15 pairs of oblong, somewhat
Tribe II.
acuminated leaflets, which are smoothish above and clothed with
short, hoary down beneath ; panicles axillary, longer than the
TRICHILIE'Æ (plants agreeing with Trichilia in important petioles. H.S. Native of Peru on the western declivities of
characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 622. Cells of fruit 1-2-seeded.
the Andes. Flowers whitish. Filaments connate into a tube.
Seeds without albumen. Embryo inverted, Cotyledons very Tomentose Trichilia. Tree 30 feet.
6 T. QUADRI’JUGA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
IX. TRICHI’LIA (from tpixa, tricha, by threes, which comes 215.) leaves impari-pinnate with usually 4 pairs of oblong,
from tpels; the stigma is 3-lobed, and the capsule is usually 3- acuminated, smooth leaflets ; panicles axillary, longer than the
valved and 3-celled). Lin. gen. no. 528. D.C.
D. C. prod. 1. p.
petioles; filaments of stamens hairy on the inside; capsules
622.—Trichília, Elcaja, and Portèsia of Juss.
somewhat pear-shaped. h. s. Native of South America on
Octo-Decándria, Monogynia, or Monadélphia, the banks of the river Magdalena. Flowers whitish,
VOL. I.-PART. VIII.
4 S
.
a
a
thick.
LIN. SYST.

682
MELIACEÆ. IX. TRICHILIA.
h. G.
Four-paired-leafletted Trichilia. Tree 30 feet.
nate, with 2 pairs of oblong, waved, smooth leaflets; panicle
7 T. EME'TICA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 31.) leaves impari-pinnate, loose, shorter than the leaves ; anthers 10, in the throat of a
with 4 pairs of elliptical leaflets, which are villous on the under toothed tube. h. G. Native of New Caledonia. Petals yellow.
surface; flowers decandrous, crowded ; filaments of stamens Two-paired-leafletted Trichilia. Tree 30 feet.
joined to the middle. h.G. Native of Arabia on the Yemen 16 T. SPECTA'BILIS (Forst. prod. no. 188.) leaves pinnate,
mountains. Elcàja, Forsk. descr. 127. Flowers whitish. The with obovate leaflets ; racemes axillary, supra-decompound.
fruit of this tree, mixed with perfumes, is used by the Arabian
Native of New Zealand. Flowers white.
women for washing their hair. The fresh seeds are made into Shewy Trichilia. Tree 20 feet?
an ointment with those of Sésamum against the itch. Forsköl 17 T. ALLIA'CEA (Forst. prod. no. 189.) leaves pinnate, with
found mention of this tree in an Arabian book by the name of lanceolate, acute leaflets ; racemes axillary, supra-decompound.
Djouz-Elcai, whence his generic name Elcàja.
h.G. Native of the island of Namoka in the South Seas.
Emetic Trichilia. Tree 30 feet.
Dysoxylum alliàceum and longifolium, Blum. bijdr. 4th number.
8 T. HAVANNE'Nsis (Jacq. amer. 129. t. 175. f. 38. pict. p. Flowers white. All parts of the tree smells of garlic when bruised.
65. t. 260. f. 35.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 2 or 3 pairs of Garlic-scented Trichilia Tree 20 feet.
obovate, smooth leaflets, outer ones largest ; racemes cymose, 18 T. E'LEGANS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 79. t. 98.) leaves
axillary, crowded, shorter than the petioles. H.S. Native of impari-pinnate, with 1-2-3 pairs of lanceolate, bluntish leaflets,
Cuba in mountain woods, and near Xalapa in Mexico. H. B. which are pilose in the axils of the veins beneath ; panicles ra-
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 216. T. glàbra, Lin. syst. nat.
p
. ceme-formed, about equal in length to the petioles; petals dis-
13. p. 294. Flowers white. Stamens distinct at apex. All tinct, smooth; filaments connate into an 8-10-toothed tube,
parts of the tree have an unpleasant smell when bruised. bearing the anthers between the teeth. h.s. Native of Brazil
Havannah Trichilia. Clt. 1794. Tree 30 feet.
in woods not far from the town of St. Paul. Petals whitish.
9 T. Cati'GUA (St. Hil. A. bras. 2. p. 77.) leaves pinnate ;
CATIGUA
Elegant Trichilia. Fl. Nov. Tree 15 feet.
leaflets 9-12, lanceolate, or lanceolate-ovate, smooth; panicles 19 T. HETEROPHY'LLA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 554.) leaves pinnate
much shorter than the leaves, 2-3-ternate; petals connected at and ternate, with ovate, acuminated, smooth leaflets ; racemes
the base, spreading, densely pubescent; filaments connate into axillary; flowers octandrous. h. S. Native of Madagascar.
an 8-10-toothed tube, and bearing the anthers between the teeth. Portèsia mucronata, Cav. diss. 7. p. 370. t. 216. Lam. ill. t.
h. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, 302. f. 2. Flowers yellowish. Anthers sessile between the teeth
where it is called Catigua. Wood hard.
of the tube.
Var. B, parviflòra (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaflets 11-15; panicles
Variable-leaved Trichilia. Tree 20 feet.
shorter; flowers not half the size. In the province of Goyaz. 20 T. MONTA'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 7. p. 226.)
Catigua
Trichilia. Fl. April, June. Tree 40 feet.
leaves impari-pinnate, with 1-2 pairs of oblong, acuminated,
10 T.ODORA'TA (Andr. bot. rep. t. 637.) leaves impari-pinnate, smooth leaflets, which are netted beneath ; panicles axillary,
with 3-4 pairs of smooth, ovate-oblong, wavy leaflets; racemes solitary, or twin almost simple, longer than the petioles. n. S.
axillary, glomerate; stamens bifid, distinct. h.S. Native of Native of New Granada on Mount Quindiu. Flowers whitish.
St. Vincent? Hook, exot. fl. t. 128. Flowers greenish-white,
Mountain Trichilia. Tree 20 feet.
sweet-scented, 4-petalled, and with a 4-toothed calyx.
** Leaves trifoliate.
Sweet-scented Trichilia. Clt. 1801. Tree 20 feet.
11 T. PA'LLIDA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 733.) leaves pinnate, 21 T. TRIFOLIA'TA (Lin. spec. 551.) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets
with 3 pairs of ovate-lanceolate, acute, smooth, membranaceous obovate, shining. h. S.
.
Native of Curaçoa in dry grassy
leaflets; racemes axillary, and somewhat terminal; flowers oc- places.—Jacq. amer. 129. t. 82. pict. 65. t. 123. T. Halèsia,
tandrous; capsules 2-valved. h. S. Native of Hispaniola Læfl. itin. 188. Flowers white. All parts of the tree have an
and Mexico in bushy places on the mountains. Portèsia ovata, unpleasant smell. "The negresses use a decoction of the roots
Cav. diss. 7. p. 369. t. 215.? Lam. ill. t. 302. f. 1. Flowers to procure abortion. In Curaçoa the tree is called Kerse-boom
white. Filaments distinct almost to the base.
or Cherry-tree. The Spaniards also call it Cerasso-macho or
Pale Trichilia. Fl. Feb. Mar. Tree 16 feet.
Male-cherry,
12 T. MOSCHA'TA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. p. 735.) leaves pin- Trifoliate Trichilia. Shrub 6-10 feet.
nate, with alternate, ovate, acuminated, smooth leaflets ; racemes 22 T. PTELEÆFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 80. t. 99.) leaves
axillary; anthers sessile on the top of the tube; capsules usually ternate; leaflets obovate, shortly and bluntly acuminated, mem-
1-seeded. h. S. Native on the north side of Jamaica in branous, puberulous ; panicles shorter than the petioles; petals
woods, where it is called musk-wood, on account of the smell distinct, smooth; filaments joined into a tube at the base, dis-
of every part of the tree when rubbed. Flowers whitish. tinct above, bidentate at the top ; cells of ovary only containing
Musk Trichilia. Fl. May. Tree 20 feet.
1 ovula. Þ.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas
13 T. TERMINA'Lis (Jacq. amer. 130.) leaves pinnate, with 3 Geraes. Flowers small, white.
pairs of lanceolate, blunt, shining leaflets ; racemes panicled ; Ptelea-leaved Trichilia. Fl. Oct. Shrub.
lobes of calyx profoundly cut, much spreading ; filaments of 23 T. NERVÖSA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 31.) leaves trifoliate ;
stamens distinct. n. S. Native of Jamaica near Kingston. leaflets ovate. h.s. Native of Java.
Native of Java. Mèlia Koatjápa, Burm.
Flowers white.
ind. 101. exclusive of the synonymes. Flowers whitish.
Terminal Trichilia Tree 20 feet.
.
Nerved-leaved Trichilia. Tree 20 feet.
14 T. GLANDULÒSA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. p. 36. no. 10.) leaves 24 T. VENÒSA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 68.) leaves ternate ; leaflets
pinnate, with 5 or 7 elliptical-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated ovate-roundish, obtuse, with parallel veins, smooth ; flowers pa-
leaflets, hairy at the origin of the veins beneath; flowers octan- nicled, smooth. h. S. Native of the island of Mascarin.
drous; tube of stamens entire ; stigma depressed. h. G. Veiny-leaved Trichilia. Shrub.
Native of New Holland at Port Jackson. T. octándra, Sol. 25 Ť. PORTORICE'Nsis (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 68.) leaves ter-
Flowers whitish.
nate ; leaflets oblong, acutish, repand, smooth on both surfaces,
Glandular Trichilia. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1821.
Clt. 1821. Tree 20 ft.
Tree 20 ft. shining ; petioles channelled; racemes corymbose, few-flowered.
15 T. BIJUGA (Labill. nov. cal. t. 54.) leaves abruptly pin- h. S. Native of Porto-Rico.
mss.
1
1

MELIACEÆ, X. MILNEA. XI. GONIOSCHETON. XII. DYSOXYLUM. XIII. EKEBERGIA. XIV. GUAREA.
683
Porto-Rico Trichilia. Tree.
XII. DYSO'XYLUM (from dvooons, dusodes, fetid, and
** Leaves simple. Doubtful species, probably referable &ulov, xylon, wood; the wood is fetid). Blum. bijdr. 4th
number.
to a separate genus.
LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Octo-Decandria. Calyx small, 4-5-
26 T.? SPINÒSA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 554.) leaves simple, ovate, cleft. Petals 4-5, oval-oblong. Anthers 8-10, inserted in the
emarginate ; branches spinose; berry 3-celled. h.s. Native throat of the denticulated tube. Ovary girded by a short ring,
of the East Indies. Turræ'a vìrens, Hell. act. holm. 1788. p.
3-4-celled; cells 2-ovulate. Style filiform, crowned by a sub-
294. t. 10. f. 1. Flowers white ? Probably a species of Li- peltate stigma. Capsule coriaceous, 3-4-valved, 3-4-celled, or
a
mònia?
from abortion 2-valved, 1-2-celled, with a dissepiment in the
Spiny Trichilia. Shrub?
middle of each valve. Seeds solitary, exarillate, exalbuminose,
27 T.? INE'RMIS (Spreng. neue. entd. 1. p. 285.) leaves sim-
p
fixed to the middle of the inner angle of the cells. Trees with
ple, obovate, retuse, coriaceous, shining, quite entire ; branches impari-pinnate leaves, and axillary and terminal panicles of
unarmed ; capsules 3-celled. h. S. Native of Brazil.
.
This flowers.
is probably a species of Turre'a. Flowers white?
1 D. Exce'lsum (Blum. l. c.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 4.
Unarmed Trichilia. Tree?
pairs of leaflets, which are ovate-oblong, acuminated and oblique
28 T.? SCA’NDENS (Lunan. hort. jam. 2. p. 319.) leaves simple, at the base ; panicles axillary, crowded ; flowers octandrous ;
lanceolate, ovate, with revolute margins ; flowers spiked, each capsule globose. ħ. S. Native of Java and the Straits of
with 4 styles. h. v. S. Native of Jamaica. Flowers whitish. Malacca. Trichília excelsa, Spreng. syst. append. p. 252.
Climbing Trichilia. Shrub cl.
Tall Dysoxylum. Tree 50 feet.
29 T. SIMPLICIFOLIA (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 69.) leaves oblong, 2 D. MACROCA'RPUM (Blum. 1. c.) leaves pinnate; leaflets
acuminated, smooth; petioles thickened at the apex; flowers oblong, alternate ; flowers decandrous, panicled; capsule large,
panicled, octandrous. ħ.S. Native of Martinico. Hedwigia globose. ħ. S. Native of Java. Trichília macrocarpa, Spreng.
simplicifolia, N. E.
syst. append. p. 252.
Simple-leaved Trichilia. Shrub.
Large-fruited Dysoxylum. Tree.
Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and
3 D. LAXIFLÒRUM (Blum. 1. c.) leaves pinnate; leaflets alter-
peat, and ripened cuttings, without shortening their leaves, will
nate, oblong-lanceolate; flowers decandrous, in loose panicles.
strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
ħ.s. Native of Java.
X. MI'LNEA (in honour of Colin Milne, LL.D. author of
Lax-flowered Dysoxylum Tree.
a kind of Botanical Dictionary, Institutes of Botany, and nume-
4 D. SIMILE (Blum. 1. c.) leaves pinnate; leaflets alter-
rous other works). Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 430
nate, opposite, oblong, bluntish, unequal; flowers decandrous,
p
panicled; capsule globose. K. s. Native of Java.
LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Pentándria. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
hS.
Tri-
5. Urceolus with 5 anthers round its inside at the throat.
chília símilis, Spreng. syst. append. p. 252.
Ovary 3-celled, containing 1-2 ovulæ in each cell, which are
Similar Dysoxylum. Tree.
attached to the central column, without albumen. Berry round-
5 D. MOLLI'SSIMUM (Blum. 1. c.) leaves pinnate; leaflets
oval, large, 3-celled, usually l-seeded.—A middle-sized tree,
subopposite, ovate-oblong, bluntish, villous beneath, as well
with unequally-pinnate leaves, with about 3 or 6 pairs of nearly
as the panicles, which are divaricate ; flowers octandrous. h.
S. Native of Java. Trichília mollíssima, Spreng. syst. append.
opposite, entire, smooth leaflets, without stipulas, and axillary
panicles of white flowers. Seeds solitary, inserted in a com-
plete, thick, lucid, edible aril, like that of the Litchi of the
Very-soft Dysoxylum. Tree.
Chinese.
Cult. These trees will thrive in a mixture of loam, peat, and
1 M. EDU'LIS (Roxb. l. c.) n. S. Native of the East In-
sand, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass,
in heat.
dies on the Garrow Hills, and of the Silhet district, where it is
called Gumi by the natives, who eat the aril which surrounds
the seed.
XIII. EKEBE'RGIA (in honour of Charles Gustavus Eke-
Eatable Milnea. Tree 20 feet.
berg, Captain a Swedish East Indiaman, who took Sparmann
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will answer this tree; to China for the purpose of making inquiries in natural his-
and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. tory). Sparm. act. holm. 1779. p. 282. t. 9. D. C. prod. 1.
XI. GONIOSCHETON (from ywvia, gonia, an angle, and Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 4-cleft. Petals
Xitwy, chiton, an inner coat ; in allusion to the staminiferous
4. Stamens 10 ? with a very short, entire tube ; anthers almost
;
tube being angular). Blum. bijdr. 4th number.
sessile on the inside of the tube. Stigma capitate. Berry glo-
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx small, obsoletely bose, 5-seeded. Seeds unknown. -A tree with impari-pinnate
5-toothed. Petals 5, oblong, spreading. Stamens 10, joined leaves.
into a short, angular, toothed, conic tube, bearing the anthers in 1 E. CAPE'NSIS (Sparm. 1. c.) Þ.G. Native of the Cape
its throat. Ovary girded by a membranous urceolus, 5-celled ; of Good Hope in the woods of Hautenequas and Essenboch,
cells 2-ovulate. Style filiform, crowned by a peltate, angular where it is called by the Dutch colonists Essen or Esschenboom,
stigma. Capsule globose, coriaceous, 3-4-valved, 3-4-celled and Hautenequas Essen, from its resemblance to the common
from abortion. Seed solitary, exarillate, exalbuminose, fixed to ash. Leaves impari-pinnate, with 5 pairs of elliptical, acumi-
the inner angle. Cotyledons large.—A tree with impari-pinnate nated, smooth leaflets. Flowers white. Trichília Capensis,
leaves, and compound axillary racemes of flowers.
Pers, ench. 1. p. 468.
1 G. ARBORE'SCENS (Blum. 1. c.) leaflets oblong, tapering to Cape Ekebergia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1789. Tree 20 ft.
both ends. h. S. Native of Java. Trichília arboréscens, Cult. This tree will succeed well in a mixture of loam and
Spreng. syst. append. 252.
Arborescent Gonioscheton. Tree 20 feet.
peat, and ripened cuttings, not deprived of their leaves, will root
in sand under a hand-glass.
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree, and
ripe cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
XIV. GUA'REA (Guara is a name given to one of the species
p. 252.
p. 623.
-
a
4 s 2

684
MELIACEÆ. XIV. GUAREA. XV. EPICHARIS.
p. 623.
by the natives of Cuba). Lin. mant. no. 1305. D. C. prod. 1. Short-spiked Guarea. Tree 20 feet.
7 G. HU'MILIS (Bert. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 624.) leaflets
LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Octandria. Calyx small, 4-toothed.
SYST
2 or 3 pairs, oval, acuminated; racemes axillary, solitary, 4
Petals 4, distinct, oblong, obtuse. Stamens 8, joined into an times shorter than the leaves ; branchlets smooth. h.S. Native
entire or crenulate tube bearing the anthers on the inside at of Porto-Rico. G. glabra, Vahl.? Flowers whitish.
the throat. Anthers 2-celled, bursting inwards. Style simple, Humble Guarea. Tree 10 feet.
crowned by a discoid stigma. Capsule somewhat globose, 4- 8 G. TUBERCULA'TA (St. Hil. f. bras. 2. p. 83. t. 100.) bark
celled, 4-valved, bearing a dissepiment in the middle of each grey, scabrous ; leaflets 3-12, alternate, lanceolate-ovate, shortly
valve, smooth or tubercled. Seeds solitary or twin in the cells, and obtusely-acuminated, smooth ; panicle raceme-formed ; cap-
without albumen, but covered with red aril.-Trees or shrubs, sule smooth, tubercled, or puberulous. h.s. Native of Brazil
with abruptly seldom with impari-pinnate leaves, and axillary in the province of Rio Janeiro. Petals white.
panicles, racemes, or spikes of white or reddish flowers.
Tubercled-fruited Guarea. Tree 30 feet.
1 G. GRANDIFOLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 624.) leaflets many
9 G. Lessonia'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 84.) bark grey,
pairs, oval-oblong, feather-nerved, with 10 or 12 lateral, very wrinkled ; leaflets 6-10, opposite, lanceolate-ovate, shortly-acu-
prominent nerves beneath ; racernes elongated. h.S. Native minated, pubescent beneath ; panicles raceme-formed; capsule
of French Guiana, as well as the Caribbee Islands.- Plum. icon. pear-shaped, tubercled, velvety-pubescent. n. S. Native of
t. 147. f. 2. Mèlia Guàra, Jacq. amer. 126. t. 176. f. 37. Brazil in the Island of St. Catharine.
Trichília Guàra, Lin. spec. 551. G. trichilioides, Lin. mant. Lesson's Guarea. Tree.
228. exclusive of the synonymes of Browne and Marcgrave. 10 G. RAMIFLORA (Vent. choix. t. 41.) leaflets 2 pairs, ovate-
G. macrophylla, Vahl.? Leaves large ; leaflets 8 or 9 inches lanceolate; racemes lateral, very short, rising from the sides of
long, lower ones smallest. Petals silky on the outside, 4 or 5 the branches; capsules globose. n. S. Native of Porto-Rico.
lines long. Tube of stamens entire, not toothed at the apex.
,
Flowers whitish.
Fruit roundish, according to Jacquin. All parts of this tree, but Branch-flowered Guarea. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 feet.
especially the bark, smell strong of musk, and may be used in- 11 G. EXCE'LSA (Bonpl. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 7. p. 227.)
stead of that perfume for many purposes.
The wood is full of a leaflets 2 or 3 pairs,
leaflets 2 or 3 pairs, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, smooth
bitter, resinous substance, which renders it unfit for rum hogs- above, villous beneath at the origin of the veins; panicles axil-
heads, being observed to communicate both its smell and taste lary, almost simple, hardly exceeding the petioles. n. S. Na-
to all spiritous liquors; but it is often cut for staves and head- tive of New Spain between Acapulca and Zumpanga. Flowers
ing when there is a scarcity of other timber. The powder of white.
the bark is said to be a good emetic, and is sometimes used Lofty Guarea. Tree 50 feet.
among the negroes for that purpose. The English call it Musk- Cult. All the species of Guàrea will thrive well in loam
wood and Alligator-wood; the French Bois-rouge.
mixed with a little sand, and ripened cuttings, with their leaves
Great-leaved Guarea. Fl. Feb. Mar. Clt. 1752. Tr. 30 ft. not shortened, will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
2 G.SPICÆFLORA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 81.) bark of branches
grey, scabrous; leaflets 9-13, lanceolate-ovate, shortly acumi- XV. EPICHA'RIS (from enixapıs, epicharis, beautiful; ele-
nated; panicles spike-formed, oblong ; capsule smooth. h. S. gance of trees). Blum. bijdr. 4th number.
Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Petals reddish. Lin. syst. Monodélphia, Octo-Decándria. Calyx urceolate,
Spike-flowered Guarea. Fl. Oct. Tree 20 feet.
irregularly 5-6-cleft. Petals 4, rarely 5. Anthers 8-10, adnate
3 G. MULTIJUGA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 82.) bark of branches to the throat of a toothed tube. Ovary inclosed in the tube, 4-
dark-red ; leaflets 32, opposite, middle one half a foot long, all celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Style filiform, crowned by a capitate,
oblong-lanceolate or obovate-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth ; depressed stigma. Capsule subglobose, coriaceous, 2-4-valved,
panicle rather pyramidal, very long ; capsule smooth. n. S.
H.S.
2-4-celled, with the valves bearing a dissepiment in the middle
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals rose- of each. Seeds solitary, incompletely covered by a fleshy aril,
coloured,
exalbuminous. Cotyledons very thick.—Trees with abruptly-
Many-paired-leaved Guarea. Fl. Dec. Tree 30 feet.
pinnate leaves.
4 G. PU'RGANS (St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. no. 71. and f. bras. 2. 1 E. DENSIFLÒRA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves with 5-8 pairs of alter-
p. 83.) bark of branches red ; leaflets 10-18, oblong-lanceolate, nate, oblong, acuminated leaflets, which are oblique at the base,
shortly and bluntly acuminated, smooth ; panicle raceme-formed; and pubescent beneath ; racemes crowded, axillary. . S.
capsule pear-shaped, smooth, and even. h. s. Native of Native of Java. Guàrea densiflòra, Spreng. syst. append. p.
Brazil. --Jíto, Marcg. bras. 120. with a figure. The bark of this 251.
tree is bitter, and is employed as a purgative by the inhabitants Dense-flowered Epicharis. Tree 50 feet.
of Brazil.
2 E. CAULIFLORA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves with many pairs of op-
Cathartic Guarea. Fl. Sept. Tree 30 feet.
posite, oblong, acuminated leaflets, which are villous beneath;
5 G. SWA'rtzII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 624.) leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, racemes crowded, lateral. h. S. Native of Java. Guàrea
lanceolate-ovate, acuminated, feather-nerved, with 6 or 7 pro- cauliflòra, Spreng. syst. append. p. 251.
minent, lateral nerves beneath ; racemes elongated. h.S. Na- Stem-flowered Epicharis. Tree 50 feet.
tive of the Caribbee Islands. Elutheria, Browne, jam. 369. no. 3 S. SERICEA (Blum. I. c.) leaves with many pairs of oblong,
7.-Sloan. hist. 2. t. 170. f. 1. Guàrea trichilioides, Swartz, acuminated leaflets, which are covered with silky pubescence be-
obs. 146. Flowers white. This tree possesses the same quali- neath; racemes crowded, lateral.
. h. S. Native of Java.
ties as the preceding.
Guàrea sericea, Spreng. syst. append. p. 251.
Swartz's Guarea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 feet.
.
Silky Epicharis. Tree 60 feet.
6 G. BRACHYSTACHYA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. 4 E. ALTISSIMA (Blum. l. c.) leaves with many pairs of oblong,
D. C. prod. 1. p. 624.) leaflets 4 or 5 pairs, oval, acute; racemes acuminated leaflets, which are pubescent at the ribs beneath.
axillary, solitary, 4 times shorter than the leaves ; fruit globose, n. S. Native of Java.
and are, as well as branchlets, tubercled. h.s. Native of New Tallest Epicharis. Tree 140 feet.
Spain. Flowers whitish.
Cult. These trees will succeed in a mixture of loam and

a
a
MELIACEÆ. XVI. DIDYMOCHETON. XVII. APHANAMIXIS. XVIII. HEYNEA. XIX. CHISOCHETON. XX. CARAPA. 685
peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, Five-paired-leaved Heynea. Clt. 1816. Tree 20 feet.
in heat.
3 H. MULTIJUGA (Blum. bijdr. 4th number,) leaves impari-
pinnate, with usually 6 pairs of oblong leaflets, tapering unequally
XVI. DIDYMOCHETON (from didvpos, didymos, double, on both sides to the base ; 'racemes axillary, solitary. ħ. S.
h.s.
and xıwv, chiton, a coat; in allusion to the petals being con-
χιτων,
Native of Java.
nected with the staminiferous tube at the base). Blum. bijdr. Many-paired-leaved Heynea. Tree 20 feet.
4th number.
Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of loam and
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx small, 5-sepalled, " peat, and ripened cuttings, with their leaves not shortened, will
imbricate. Petals 5, connate with the tube of the stamens at the root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
base, but free at the apex, spreading. Stamens 10, with the
tube elongated and 10-toothed at the apex, bearing the anthers XIX. CHISOCHE TON (from oxisw, schizo, to cut, and
in the throat. Ovary inclosed in the membranous tube, 5-celled; XiTwv, chiton, a coat; in allusion to the staminiferous tube being
cells 2-ovulate. Style filiform, terminated by a capitate stigma. 6-cleft). Blum. bijdr. 4th number.
-
Berry corticate, ovate, 2-3-celled from abortion. Seeds solitary, LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Hexándria. Calyx urceolate, nearly
axarillate, exalbuminous, fixed to the inner angle of the cells. entire. Petals 4, linear. Anthers 6, rarely 7 or 8, inserted in
Cotyledons thick.--A shrub with impari-pinnate leaves.
the throat of a 6-cleft, conical tube. Ovary girded by a short
1 D. NU'TANS (Blum. I. c.) leaflets oblong-lanceolate, pubes- ring, 3-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Style clavate, crowned by an
cent on the ribs beneath ; spikes panicled, axillary, nodding; obtuse stigma. Capsule 2-3-celled, or only 1-celled from abor-
flowers glomerate. ñ.S. Native of Java.
tion, 2-3-valved, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve.
Nodding-flowered Didymocheton. Shrub 6 feet.
Seeds ariliate ; aril incomplete, fleshy. Embryo exalbuminous.
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will answer this shrub, Cotyledons large, peltate. --Trees with impari-pinnate leaves,
and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat. and with branched panicles of flowers.
1 C. PA'TENS (Blum. l. c.) leaflets oblong; panicles spread-
XVII. APHANAMI'XIS (from a priv. paval, phanai, to ap- ing, much branched. h. S. Native of Java. Schizochìton,
pear, and pigis, mixis, mixed ; in allusion to not being joined at Spreng. syst. append. p. 251.
the base, but free and mixed). Blum. bijdr. 4th number.
Spreading-panicled Chisocheton. Tree.
LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Hexándria. Calyx small, of 5 2 C. DIVE'RGENS (Blum. 1. c.) leaflets oblong; panicle divari-
roundish, imbricate sepals. Petals 3, oval, concave, spreading. cate, twiggy. ħ. S. Native of Java. Schizochìton, Spreng. 1. c.
Stamens 6, connate into a globe. Anthers oblong, trigonal. Diverging-panicled Chisocheton. Tree.
Ovary girded by a narrow ring, 3-celled; cells 2-seeded. Style Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit the species
pyramidal, triquetrous, terminated by a simple stigma. Capsule
stigma. Capsule of this genus, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a
obovate, 2-3-valved, 2-3-celled; valves with a dissepiment in hand-glass, in heat,
the middle of each. Seeds solitary, covered by a fleshy-lobed
aril, umbilicate at the base, exalbuminous, fixed to the central XX. CARA'PA (Carapa is the name of C. Guianensis in
receptacle. Cotyledons thick. Radicle superior.—A tall tree Guiana). Aubl. guian. suppl. p. 33. t. 387. D. C. prod. 1. p.
with impari-pinnate leaves ; leaflets opposite, oblong. Panicles 626.-Xylocarpus, Schreb. gen. no. 646.-Persoònia, Willd.
elongated, axillary.
spec. 2. p. 331.
2
1 A. GRANDIFÒLIA (Blum. 1. c.) K.S. Native of Java. LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Octo-Decándria. Calyx coriaceous,
Great-leaved Aphanamixis. Tree 40 feet.
4-5-lobed. Petals 4 or 5, coriaceous. Stamens 8-10; filaments
Cult. This tree will grow in a mixture of loam and sand; joined into a tube, which is toothed at the apex, and bearing the
and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in anthers on the inside at the throat. Style short. Stigma broad,
heat.
truncate, with a furrowed margin. Drupe dry, globose, woody
,
inside, 4-5-furrowed, 4-5-valved, 4-5-seeded. Seeds thick, free
XVIII. HE'YNEA (in honour of B. Heyne, M.D. a Ger- of albumen.—Trees with abruptly-pinnate, coriaceous leaves,
man botanist, and traveller in the East Indies). Roxb. hort. and panicled racemes of small, dirty-yellowish flowers. Stamens
beng. p. 33. and in bot. mag. t. 1738. D. C. prod. 1. p.
624. and habit of trees agreeing with Meliàceæ, but the seeds come
LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-toothed. Pe- closer to those of Guttífera.
tals 5. Filaments 10, joined into a cylindrical tube, bearing the 1 C. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. 1. c.) leaflets 8 or 10 pairs, alter-
anthers at the apex. Style 1. Ovary 2-celled; cells containing
.
nate or opposite, elliptical, oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, shin-
2 ovulæ, which are fixed to the inner angle. Capsules 2-valved ing. h . S. Native of Guiana in forests. Lam. ill. t. 301.
1-celled, 1-seeded from abortion. Seed arillate. Embryo Persoònia Guareoides, Willd. spec. 331. The inhabitants of
inverted, free of albumen, with very thick cotyledons.—Trees Guiana extract an oil from the seeds of this tree by boiling
with impari-pinnate leaves, and panicles or racemes of small, them in water, which they call oil of carapa, and is used by them
white flowers.
for rubbing their hair and all parts of their body; it preserves
1 H. TRI’JUGA (Roxb. hort. beng. 33. cor. 3. t. 260. and in them against the bites of insects and the humidity of the atmos-
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1738.) leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets 3 phere. This oil is thick and bitter. The trunk of the tree fur-
pairs; panicles axillary, on long peduncles, corymbose. Þ.G.
h.G. nishes masts for small vessels. The tree is called Carapa by
Native of Nipaul. Flowers white. Every part of the tree is the Caribbees, and Y- Andiroba by the Caripous. Fruit the size
bitter.
of an apple.
Three-paired-leaved Heynea. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1812. Tree Guiana Carapa. Fl. Nov. Clt. 1824. Tree 60 feet.
20 feet.
2 C. OBOVA'TA (Blum. bijdr. 4th number,) leaves with 2 pairs
2 H. QUINQUE”JUGA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 90.) leaves abrupt- of obovate, coriaceous leaflets. h.s. Native of Java. Xylo-
ly-pinnate, with 5-7 pairs of oval, oblong leaflets, which are carpum obovatum, Spreng. syst. append. 147.
clothed at the origin of the veins beneath with rusty down, as
Obovate-leaved Carapa. Tree 20 feet.
well as the twiggy panicle. h. S. Native of Java and the 3 C. GUINEE'NSIS (G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 168.) leaflets
Moluccas. Trichilia rufinérvia, Blum. bijdr. 4th number. 8 or 10 pairs, oblong, acuminated, shining, coriaceous; racemes
-

X
a
great value
686 MELIACEÆ. XX. CARAPA. XXI. CALPANDRIA. XXII. ODONTANDRIA. CEDRELEACEÆ. I. CEDRELA.
.
panicled, axillary; fruit tetragonal, 4-valved, 4-seeded. h.S. a longitudinal plait on the inside of each in the middle. Genitals
Native of Sierra Leone on the mountains. Afzelia spléndens, stipitate ; stipe furnished with 5 adnate glands, 5-angled, and
Hortul. Fruit about the size of an apple, containing 3 or 4
between the glands the plaits of the petals interpose. Stamens
large, angular nuts. There is an oil extracted from the nuts,
which is used by some of the natives in place of soap, as well as
5, inserted in the stipe, and appear as if they were a continua-
for the purpose of anointing their bodies.
tion of the glands ; filaments awl-shaped ; anthers cordate, 2-
Guinea Carapa. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1793. Tree 30 feet. celled, at length versatile. Style prismatically pentagonal, ,
4 C.? PRÓCERA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 626.) leaflets 4-5 pairs, crowned by a peltate stigma (f. 116. c.), which is obsoletely
.
obtuse, cuneated at the base; flowers of 5 petals, decandrous.
h. s. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Trichília prócera, ating with the stamens, containing 8 or 12 ovulæ. Dissepiments
pentagonal. Ovary seated on the stipe, 5-celled ; cells altern-
Forsyth, ined. in herb. Lher. Fruit unknown.
Lofty Carapa. Tree 66 feet.
connected with the central axis, with imbricate ovulæ inserted
5 C. MOLUCCE'NSIS (Lam. dict. 1. p. 621.) leaflets usually 3 on both sides of it. Fruit capsular (f. 116. e.), 5-valved; valves
pairs, opposite, ovate, acute. h.s. Native of the Moluccas separable from the axis, and sometimes also the dissepiments,
in muddy places among the mangroves.
mangroves. Granatum littöreum,
which alternate with the valves. Seeds suspended from the cen-
Rumph. amb. 3. p. 92. t. 61. C. I'ndica, Juss. dict. sc. nat. 7.
p. 31. Xylocarpus Granátum, Koen. naturf. 20. p. 2. The
tral placenta, with 2 rows in each cell imbricate, drawn out into
tree is called Cadul Gaha by the Cingalese, and Candalanga by a wing at the base or apex (f. 116.f.) or at both ends. Albumen
the Tamuls.
fleshy, sparing. Integument thin, spongy. Embryo nearly erect,
Molucca Carapa. Clt. 1820. Tree 50 feet.
with leafy cotyledons, and a short, exserted, superior radicle.-
Cult. These trees will succeed well in a mixture of loam and
Trees with dense, beautifully grained, coloured, sweet-scented
sand, and ripe cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-
wood. Leaves alternate, pinnate, with many pairs of opposite or
glass, in a moist heat.
sub-opposite, unequal-sided leaflets. Panicle large, spreading,
XXI. CALPA'NDRIA (from kalan, calpe, an urn, and avnp pyramidal, composed of numerous little cymes of flowers, with
,
avdoos, aner andros, a male ; in allusion to the stamens being the lateral ones usually male, the terminal ones fertile. This
situated in the throat of the urn-shaped tube). Blum. bijdr. 4th order differs principally in the stamens being inserted in the torus
number.
LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Polyándria. Calyx of 4 permanent,
or protruding from the back of the urceolus, rarely fixed to the
unequal sepals. Petals 4. Stamens 25-40, filaments distinct at
throat of the tube, as in Swietènia. It also differs from the last
the base, but joined into a cylindrical tube at the top, bearing the
order in the seeds being winged. The trees are of
anthers at its throat. Ovary 3-4-celled ; cells 3-ovulate. Stigma for their wood, of which mahogany will give a good idea.
somewhat trifid. Capsule woody, subglobose, 3-valved, 3-
celled, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve; cells con-
Synopsis of the Genera.
taining 1-2 nuts from abortion. Nuts of 2 forms, l-seeded.
Seeds exalbuminous, exarillate.—A shrub with simple, lanceo-
1 CEDRE'LA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals adnate to the torus.
late, serrated leaves, and solitary, or twin lateral flowers. Stamens 5, distinct. Capsule - 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds nu-
1 A. LANCEOLATA (Blum. 1. c.) ñ.S. Native of Java. .
merous, on each side of the dissepiment, ending in a wing.
Lanceolate-leaved Calpandria. Shrub 6 feet.
2 SWIETE`NIA. Calyx 4-5-cleft (f. 116. a.). Stamens 8-10,
Cult. This shrub will probably grow in a mixture of loam
,
and peat, and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand- joined into a tube. Capsule 5-celled (f. 116. e.), 5-valved.
glass, in heat.
Seeds numerous, each drawn out into a wing (f. 116. f.).
3 CHLORO'XYLON. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens 10, connected at
XXII. ODONTA’NDRIA (from odouc odovros, odous odontos, the base. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled. Seeds 4 in each side
a tooth, and avno avòpos, aner andros, a male ; sterile stamens of the dissepiment, drawn out into a wing.
appearing like teeth). H. B. et Kunth, 7. p. 228.
LIN. SYST. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx hemispherical,
4 FLINDE’RSIA. Calyx 5-cleft. Stamens 10, alternate ones
5-toothed. Petals 5, sessile, ovate, acute, equal, valvate in the
sterile. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled. Seeds 2 in each side of
bud. Filaments 10, connate at the base, the 5 opposite the
the dissepiment, ending in a wing at the top.
petals sterile. Anthers ovate-cordate, 2-celled, bursting length- 5 OXLE'YA. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled. Seeds 3, on each
wise on the inside. Disk none. Style short, crowned by an side of the dissepiment, ending in a wing at both ends.
obtuse stigma.—An unarmed tree, with alternate, simple, entire,
membranous, exstipulate leaves, and axillary, many-flowered pa-
nicles. Flowers conglomerate.
I. CEDRE'LA (from cedrus, the cedar-tree; the wood has
1 O. ACUMINA'TA (Willd. herb. in Röm et Schult, syst. 5. p.
an aromatic scent like it). Lin. gen. no. 277. D. C. prod. 1.
511.) K.S. Native of New Granada.
p. 624. Cédrus, Mill.
Acuminated-leaved Odontandria. Tree 30 feet.
LIN. SYST. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed.
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit this tree well,
Torus elevated, stipe-formed. Petals 5, broad at the base,
and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in approximate, adnate to the torus.
. Stamens 5 ; filaments short,
heat.
distinct, inserted in the torus; anthers oblong. Style 1.
Stigma capitate. Capsule woody, 5-celled, 5-valved.
ORDER LII. CEDRELEA'CEÆ (plants agreeing with Ce-
numerous, compressed, imbricated downwards, ending in a
drèla in important characters). Cedrèleæ, R. Br. gen. rem. 64.
membranous wing. Albumen fleshy. Embryo inverted. Co-
Calyx short, 5-cleft (f. 116. a.). Petals 5 (f. 116. b.), alter-
tyledons flat, leafy (Gært. fr. 2. p. 84. t. 95.). Trees with
abruptly pinnate, many-paired leaves, and axillary and terminal
nating with the segments of the calyx, and longer, erect, with panicles of small whitish flowers, .
-
Seeds

CEDRELEACEÆ. I. CEDRELA. II. SWIETENIA.
687
S.
-
h.S.
1 C. ODORA'TA (Lin. spec. 289.) leaflets ovate-lanceolate, tree has been cultivated a long time in Kew Gardens, under the
entire, on short stalks. h.s. Native of the Caribbee Islands name of Cedrèla odoràta.
and Barbadoes.—Sloan. hist. 2. t. 220. f. 2.-Browne, jam. 159. Velvety Bastard-cedar. Clt. 1793. Tree 50 feet.
t. 10. f. 1.-Lam. ill. t. 137. Corollas whitish flesh-coloured,
resembling those of hyacinth. Fruit about the size of a par-
† Species not sufficiently known.
tridge's egg. The bark of the tree is rough, marked with lon- 7 C. ALTERNIFOLIA (Steud. nom. 170.) leaves alternate, sim-
gitudinal fissures.
This as well as the berries and leaves has a ple, cordate-ovate, acute, fruit pentagonal, mucronated.
smell like Assa-foetida, when fresh. The timber, however, has Native of Campechy. Cèdrus alternifolia, Mill. dict. no. 3.
a pleasant smell
. The tree is commonly known under the name This probably belongs to a distinct genus, not belonging to the
of Cedar in the British West India islands. The trunk is so
present order.
large as to be hollowed out into canoes and pariaguas, for which Alternate-leaved Bastard-cedar. Clt. ? Tree.
purpose it is extremely well adapted; the wood being soft, it 8 C. ROSMARÌNUS (Lour. coch. p. 160.) leaves simple, li-
may be cut out with great facility, and being light it will carry near; peduncles 1-flowered ; seeds not winged. h.G. Na-
a great weight on the water. There are canoes in the West tive of Cochin-china and about Macao in China. This shrub
Indies, which have been formed out of these trunks, 40 feet yields an essential oil, and a spirit, not inferior to that which is
long and 6 feet broad; the wood is of a brown colour, and has drawn from rosemary. It probably belongs to a distinct genus,
a fragrant odour, whence the name of Cedar has been given to it; not belonging to this order.
it is frequently cut into shingles for covering houses, and is found Rosemary Bastard-cedar. Shrub 4 feet.
very durable, but as the worms are apt to eat this wood, it is not Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and
proper for building ships, though it is often used for that purpose, peat; and large ripened cuttings will strike root in sand under
as also for sheathing of ships. It is also used for wainscoting a hand-glass, in heat.
of rooms, and to make chests, because vermin do not so fre-
quently breed in it as in many other sorts of wood, this having II. SWIETENIA (in honour of Gerard Van Swieten, a
a very bitter taste, which is communicated to whatever is put Dutch botanist, author of several botanical works; died in 1772.
into the chests, especially when the wood is fresh, for which He was physician to the Empress Maria Theresa). Lin. gen.
reason it is never made into casks, because spiritous liquors will no. 575. D. C. prod. 1. p. 625.
dissolve part of the resin, and thereby acquire a very bitter taste. LIN. Syst. Monadélphia, Octo-Decándria. Calyx small, 4 or
Sweet-scented Bastard-cedar. Clt. 1739. Tree 80 feet. 5-cleft (f. 116. a.), deciduous. Petals 4-5 (f. 116. b.). Stamens
2 C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon, ined. D.C. 8 or 10; filaments joined together into a toothed tube, bearing
prod. 1. p. 624.) leaflets oblong, acuminated, entire, on long the anthers on the inside of the tube. Style 1. Stigma capitate
footstalks. h. S. Native of New Spain. The wood is good (f. 116. c.). Capsules prickly, egg-shaped, woody, 5-celled,
for many purposes, especially for making furniture.
many-seeded (f. 116. f.). Valves opening from the base (f.
Narrow-leaved Bastard-cedar. Tree 50 feet.
116.e.) or apex; margins opposite to the angles of the pentagonal
3 C. BRASILIE'NSIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 2. p. 86. t. 101.) leaves central placenta. Seeds imbricating downwards, expanded into
abruptly-pinnate, with 14-20 oblong, obliquely ovate, acuminated, a wing, fixed to the placenta. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight.
entire leaflets, which are smooth above but puberulous beneath; Cotyledons flat, leafy. (Gært. fruct. 2. p. 89. t. 96.)--Trees with
petals clothed with white tomentum. n. S. Native of Brazil alternate, abruptly-pinnate leaves, and axillary panicles or ra-
in the province of Minas Geraes. Panicle terminal, large, cemes of small, white flowers.
pyramidal.
1 S. MAHÓGONI (Lin.
FIG. 116.
Var. ß, austràlis (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaflets with the nerves and spec. 271.) leaflets
margins puberulous ; branches, petioles, and peduncles short, usually 4 pairs, ovate-
and densely pubescent.
lanceolate, unequal at
Brazilian Bastard-cedar. Tree 40 feet.
the base, acuminated at
4 C. Toona (Roxb. cor. 3. t. 238.) leaflets lanceolate, acumi- the apex; panicles axil-
nated, entire, pale-glaucous beneath. h. S. Native of the lary. h.S. Native of
East Indies, where it is called Toon (Roxb.). Nipaul (Wall.). South America, Cuba,Ja-
Willd. act. nat. cur. berl. 4. p. 198. Anthers inserted in 5
.
maica, St. Domingo, but
nectarial glands. Flowers small, white, smelling like fresh particularly Honduras
honey. Leaves deciduous. The wood of this tree is very like Bay. Cav. diss. 7. p.
mahogany, but lighter and not so close in the grain. It is 365. t. 209. Hook. bot.
much used for furniture and various other purposes. The bark misc. pt. 1. t. 16 and 17.
is powerfully astringent, and though not bitter, it has been found --Cèdrus Mahógoni, Mill. dict. no. 2.-Cat. carol. 2. t. 81.
a good medicine in the cure of remitting and intermitting fevers, The figure given by Gærtner, and that given in the Fl
. mex.
particularly when joined with a small portion of the powdered shew the capsule opening from the top, not from the base,
seed of Guilandina Bonducélla, which is a very powerful bitter. therefore there are probably two species, varying in the dehis-
Toon Bastard-cedar. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1823.
Clt. 1823. Tr. 60 ft. cence of the capsule. Mahogoni is the American name of the
5 C. FEBRIFUGA (Blum. bijdr. 4th number) leaflets ovate- tree. The excellence of mahogany for all domestic purposes
oblong, acuminated, quite entire. h. S. Native of Java. has been long known in England, and it is a matter of surprise
Flowers small, white. The bark is powerfully astringent, and that for a long time the only author who mentioned this tree
is used in Java as a febrifuge. The wood is excellent for many was Catesby. Browne informs us, that mahogany was for-
purposes.
merly very common in Jamaica, and while it could be had in the
Febrifuge Bastard-cedar. Tree 60 feet.
low lands, and brought to market at an easy rate, furnished a
6 C. VELUTÌNA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 625.) leaflets ovate-lan- very considerable branch of the exports from that island, that it
ceolate, entire, smooth, petioles and branches velvety from very thrives in most soils, and varies both in grain and texture with
short down.
ħi S. Native of the East Indies at Tipperah. each, that which grows among rocks being smaller, but very
.
This is perhaps the C. villosa of Roxb. hort. beng. p. 18. This hard and weighty, of a close grain and beautifully shaded, while
OC

688
CEDRELEACEÆ. II. SWIETENIA. III. CHLOROXYLON, IV. FLINDERSIA. V. OXLEYA.
the produce of the low and richer lands is observed to be more Swietènia chloróxylon, Roxb. cor. 1. p. 46. t. 64. Leaves
light and porous, of a paler colour and open grain. The tree abruptly-pinnate, with many pairs of small, unequal, ovate, some-
grows very tall, with a straight trunk, sometimes 4 or 6 feet in
what rhomboid, obtuse leaflets. The wood of this tree is of a
diameter, and usually bears a great number of capsules. The deep-yellow colour, remarkably close grained, heavy, and du-
flowers are of a whitish or saffron colour, and the fruit is about rable ; it is used for various purposes, and comes nearer to box-
the size of a turkey's egg.
wood than any ,
other in its native country. It is called Billoo
The first discovery of the beauty of mahogany wood is attri- by the Telingas.
buted to the carpenter on board Sir Walter Raleigh's ship at Mahogany-like Chloroxylon. Clt. 1820. Tree 50 feet.
the time that vessel lay off the harbour of Trinidad in 1595. Cult. This tree will succeed in a mixture of loam and peat,
At Honduras 200 years is considered to be necessary from the and ripe cuttings, with their leaves not shortened, will strike root
time of the plant being reared by seed to that of its perfection in sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat.
and fitness for cutting, which commences about the month of
August; at this time the leaves assume a yellowish hue. The IV. FLINDE'RSIA (Captain Michael Flinders, R.N. a cele-
Honduras mahogany is not so good as the Jamaica and St. brated circumnavigator, who explored the coast of New Holland
Domingo mahogany, and is probably a distinct species. The in the beginning of the present century; he was accompanied
bark of mahogany is astringent and bitter, and in its action by Mr. R. Browne, as naturalist, whose works on the botany of
on the human frame has been said to coincide nearly with Peru- New Holland are well known). R. Br. gen. rem. p. 63. t. 1.
vian bark.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 625.
Common Mahogany. Clt. 1734. Tree 80 feet.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx 5-cleft, short.
2 S. FEBRIFUGA (Roxb. cor. 1. p. 18. t. 17.) leaflets usually Petals 5. Stamens 10, protruding from the back of the urceo-
4 pairs, oval, obtuse or emarginate, and oblique at the base ; lus, with their bases dilated ; filaments awl-shaped, spreading,
racemes rising from the axils of the upper abortive leaves, there- alternate ones sterile. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled, partible into
fore constituting a terminal panicle.h.s. Native of the East 5 single segments, which are divided each by a longitudinal
Indies in the mountainous parts of the Rajahmundry Circar, dissepiment, at length free, with 2 seeds on each side. Seeds
north of Samulcotah and Peddapore. S. Sóymida, Dunc. tent. erect, winged at the
apex, Albumen absent. Cotyledons trans-
edin.1794. Valves of fruit smooth, opening from the top.
Flowers verse, thick, leafy.— Trees with impari-pinnate leaves, small
small, cream-coloured. The wood of this tree is of a dull-red white flowers, and echinated capsules.
colour, remarkably hard and heavy; it is reckoned by the 1 F. AUSTRA'LIS (R. Br. 1. c.) leaflets 1 to 3 pairs ; flowers
natives the most durable wood they know, and on that account it panicled; fruit ovate, very blunt at both ends. ñ .G. Native
is used for all the wood-work in their temples; it is also very of New Holland on the eastern coast. Leaves full of pellucid
serviceable for various other purposes. The bark is internally dots, as in the orange. The wood is useful for various domestic
.
of a light-red colour ; a decoction of it dyes brown of various purposes, and is said not to be much inferior to mahogany.
shades, according as the cloth has been prepared. Its taste is a Southern Flindersia. Clt. 1823. Tree 66 feet.
bitter and astringent united, and very strong, particularly the 2 F. AMBOINE'NSIS (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 650.) leaflets 3 or 7
bitter, but is not in any way nauseous or disagreeable, and may pairs ; flowers almost solitary ; fruit ovate-oblong, tapering to
be used in the same way as Peruvian bark. Soymida is its name both ends. n. S. Native of the islands of Hitoe and Ceram.
among the Telingas.
-Rumph. amb. 3. p. 201. t. 129. The trunk of the tree is
Febrifuge Mahogany. Clt. 1796. Tree 60 feet.
used for pales. The spiny part of the fruit is formed into rasps
3 S. SENEGALE'NSIS (Desr. in Lam. dict. 3. p. 679.) leaflets by the natives of Amboyna; it is therefore called Arbor radulì-
usually 3 pairs, oval-oblong, coriaceous, bluntish; panicle ter- fera by Rumphius.
minal ; flowers octandrous; fruit globose, 4-valved. ñ . S. Amboyna Flindersia. Tree 60 feet.
Native of Senegal. Flowers small, whitish. The wood of this Cult. These fine trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam
tree is very hard, and of a beautiful grain. It is brought to and
peat, and ripened cuttings, with their leaves not shortened,
this country from Sierra Leone.
will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, those of the last
Senegal or African Mahogany. Tree 60 feet.
species in heat.
4 S. TRILOCULA'Ris (Roxb. mss. in herb. Lamb.) leaves pin-
nate ; leaflets alternate, ovate, smooth, acuminated, rather un- V. OXLE'YA (in honour of Mr. Oxley of New South
equal at the base; panicle terminal, composed of racemes ; Wales). Cung. mss. in Hook. bot. misc. pt. 3. p. 286. t. 54.
capsule 3-celled, 6-valved, opening from the apex, not prickly. Lin. syst. Decandria, Monogynia ? Flowers unknown.
h.S. Native of the East Indies.
Capsule 5-celled, dividing even to the base into 5 valves, with
Three-celled-capsuled Mahogany Tree. Tree 100 feet. a dissepiment in the middle of each, at length separating from
Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam and the central receptacle, with 3 seeds on each side of the dissepi-
peat, and ripe cuttings with their leaves not shortened will strike ment. Seeds fixed by their middle, edged all round and ex-
root in sand, in a moist heat.
tended into a wing at both ends. Albumen wanting.
Radicle
towards the hylum. This genus differs from Flindersia in the
III. CHLOROʻXYLON (from xłwpos, chloros, yellow, &ulov, valves separating from the base, in having 3 seeds on each side
xylon, wood; colour of wood). D. C. prod. 1. p. 625.
of the dissepiment, and in the seeds being winged at both ends.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx small, 5-cleft. 1 O. XANTHÓXYLA (Cung. mss. l. c.). Þ.G. Native of the
0. (. 1. .
Petals 5. Stamens 10 ; filaments protruding from the back of eastern coast of New Holland. This is a tree 100 feet high, and
the urceolus, the rest awl-shaped, free, radiately spreading. Cap- 4 or 5 feet in diameter at the base. Leaves impari-pinnate,
sules opening from the top, 3-valved, 3-celled ; valves bearing a times ternate, but usually with 4-5 pairs of opposite, lanceolate,
disse piment in the middle. Seeds 4 in each cell, ending in a wing quite entire, acuminated, bluntish, coriaceous leaflets, full of
fixed to the dissepiments on the valves.--A tree with abruptly- minute dots, on short stalks. The wood is very yellow. It is
pinnate leaves, and terminal panicles of small, whitish flowers. found to be useful in various kinds of carpentering, and in
1 C. SWIETE'NIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 625.) Þ. S. Native building boats.
of the East Indies on the mountainous parts of the Circars. Yellow-wooded Oxleya. Clt. 1829, Tree 100 feet,
a
some-

AMPELIDEÆ. I. Cissus.
689
Cult. A mixture of loam and peat with a little sand, will
suit this tree. Ripened cuttings, with their leaves not shortened,
will root in sand under a hand-glass.
4 Vitis. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, cohering. Stamens
5. Style wanting. Berry 2-celled, 4-seeded (f. 117.).
TRIBE II.
ORDER LIII. AMPELI'DEÆ (from autelos, ampelos, a vine,
LEEA CEÆ. Corolla monopetalous (f. 118. b.). Stamens al-
and sudos, eidos, form; plants like the grape-vine). H. B. et ternating with the lobes of the corolla, usually monadelphous (f.
Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 223. D. C. prod. 1. p. 627.- 118. f.). Peduncles never changed into tendrils.
Vites, Juss. gen. 267.-Sarmentàceæ, Vent, tabl. 3. p. 167.—
5 Lee'a. Calyx 5-toothed (f. 118. a.). Corolla 5-cleft (f.
Viníferæ, Juss. mem. mus. 3. p. 144.
118. b.). Urceolus of stamens 5-lobed (f. 118. f.); filaments
adnate to the urceolus between the segments. Style simple (f.
Calyx small, with an entire or toothed (f. 118. a.) margin. adnate to the urceolus between the
Petals 4-5, alternating with the teeth of the calyx, round the 118. d.). Capsule 4-6-lobed, 4-6-celled ; cells 1-seeded.
base of the ovary, and inserted on the outside ; they are there-
6 LASIANTHE'RA. Calyx 5-toothed, bracteate on the outside.
fore between hypogynous and perigynous, broadest at the base,
Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 5, inserted in the bottom of the corolla,
rarely connected into a lobed, monapetalous corolla (f. 118. b.),
and alternating with its lobes ; anthers hairy. Style short.
somewhat valvate and inflexed at the apex in æstivation. Sta-
Tribe I.
mens equal in number with the petals, inserted in the disk in
VINI'FERÆ (from vinum, wine, fero, to bear ; produce wine,)
front of the petals, sometimes sterile from abortion ; filaments or SARMENTACEÆ (from sarmentum, a twig; plants
free or joined at the base (f. 118. f.); anthers ovate, birimose, twiggy). D. C. prod. 1. p. 627.
p . Corolla polypetalous.
inserted by their back, oscillatory. Ovary globose, free. Style Stamens opposite the petals. Fruit and seeds as in the character
1, short or almost wanting, crowned by a simple stigma. Ber-
I of the order. Peduncles usually changed into tendrils.
I. CI’SSUS (from Klocoç, kissus, ivy, said to come from the
ries globose (f. 117.), younger ones 2-celled; cells 2-seeded.
Arabic qissos, signifying ivy). Lin. gen. no. 147. D. C. prod.
Adult berries usually with the dissepiments vanished, therefore 1-
1. p. 627.
celled, watery or fleshy, not separating from the epicarp. Seeds 4-5, LIN. Syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx almost entire.
or fewer from abortion, sometimes wanting, erect, bony, fixed to
Petals 4, separating from each other to the base. Stamens 4.
the central axis by short funicles (f. 118. c.). Albumen fleshy, simple
, trifoliate or palmate leaves, and cymes or corymbs of
Ovary 4-celled. Berry 1-4-seeded. --Climbing plants, with
,
hard. Embryo erect, one-half shorter than the albumen, with
small, greenish, yellow, or purplish flowers.
a terete inferior radicle, and lanceolate cotyledons, which are
keeled on one side and flat on the other.
* Leaves simple, cordate, entire, and sometimes rather lobed.
This order is composed of sarmentose and climbing shrubs,
1 C. VITIGÍNEA (Lin. spec. 170.) leaves cordate, roundish,
serrated, smoothish, or clothed with rusty pubescence beneath ;
with the lower leaves opposite, and the upper ones alternate, stipulas cordate.
stipulas cordate. N. v. S. Native of the East Indies.- Pluk.
stalked, simple, lobed or compound, furnished with stipulas at mant. 27. t. 337. f. 4. Vahl. symb. 3. p. 18.
18. Berries
Berries pear-
the base. Peduncles racemose, thyrsoid, corymbose, cymose shaped, 1 or 2-seeded, black, clothed with a bluish-glaucous
.
or umbellate, opposite the leaves ; sometimes these peduncles pollen. Plant with the habit of the grape-vine. Flowers red.
are changed into tendrils. Flowers small, insignificant, greenish toothletted, 3-lobed ; berries roundish.
Var. B, Cochinchinensis (D.C. prod. 1. p. 627.) leaves smooth,
h.v. S. Native of
or greenish-yellow, rarely purple. The vine is the type and Cochin-china. C. vitiginea, Lour. cochin. 83.
representative of this order, the other genera differ but little Vine-like Cissus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1772. Shrub cl.
from it in botanical character, and not at all in habit. The com-
2 C. REPA'NDA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 18.) leaves cordate, en-
mon grape is the only species that bears really good fruit, the
tire, somewhat lobed, repand, adult ones smooth on both sur-
faces.
American kinds, with large fleshy berries, being spoiled by a dis-
h.v. S. Native of the East Indies. Young branches
downy, adult ones smooth. Berries pear-shaped, about the
agreeable foxy favour, which is not found to be removed by size of peas, mucronate.
cultivation.
Repand-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
3 C. ADNA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 423.) leaves roundish, cor-
Synopsis of the Genera.
date, acuminated, bristle-toothed, smooth above, velvety beneath,
as well as the round branches; stipulas ovate-orbicular, adnate,
TRIBE I.
with a gibbous centre, and scarious margins ; flowers nodding.
h.v. S. Native of the East Indies near Dacca. C. aristàta,
Corolla polypetalous. Stamens opposite the Blum. bijdr. 4th number. Berries black, size of
peas.
petals. Peduncles often changed into tendrils.
Adnate-stipuled Cissus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl.
1 Cissus. Calyx nearly entire. Petals 4. Stamens 4.
.
4 C. LATIFÒLIA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 18. exclusive of the
Ovary 4-celled. Berry 1-4-seeded.
synonyme of Lam.) leaves cordate, ovate, acuminated, bristly-
serrated, smooth above, but clothed with rusty hairs beneath ;
2 PTERISA'NTHES. Perigone leafy, lobately-winged. Calyx branches tetragonal ; stipulas oblong. ñ. u. s. Native of
urceolate, entire. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Stigma sessile, blunt- the East Indies in woods.—Rumph. amb. 5. t. 164. f. 1. Berries
ish. Ovary immersed in the disk. Berry 1-2-seeded.
pear-shaped.
3 AMPELO'PSIS. Calyx nearly entire. Petals 5. Stamens 5.
Broad-leaved Cissus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1824. Shrub cl.
Style 1, crowned by a capitate stigma. Ovary not immersed in
5 C. GLAU'CA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 425.) leaves cordate, acu-
the disk.
minate, sometimes somewhat lobed, bristly-serrated, smooth on
both surfaces, as well as the petioles and peduncles ; stipulas
VOL. I. PART VIII.
4 T
-
VINIFERÆ.

690
AMPELIDEÆ. I. Cissus.
24. v.
4
-
broad, furrowed, blunt ; cymes decompound; berries 1-seeded. oblong, acuminated, discoloured, with bristly-serratures, and are,
h.u.S. Native of Madagascar and the East Indies.-Rheed. as well as the angular branches, smooth; cymes somewhat quin-
mal. 7. t. 11. C. latifolia, Lam, dict. 1. p. 30. but not of Vahl. quefid, shorter than the leaves. h.v. S. Native of Java.
C. compréssa, Blum. bijdr. 4th number. Berries round, about Discoloured-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
the size of
peas, purple.
17 C. NODÒSA (Blum. bijdr. l. c.) leaves somewhat cordate,
Glaucous Cissus. Fl. July, Aug.
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl. oblong, pointed, with bristly serratures, smooth ; corymbs dicho-
6 C. I'NDICA (Rottl. et Willd. nov. act. nat. cur. 4. p. 183.) tomous ; pedicels umbellate ; stem round, herbaceous, knotted.
leaves roundish-cordate, acuminated, with bristly serratures, 4. v. S. Native of Java.
pubescent beneath ; branches roundish, and are, as well as the Knotted-stemmed Cissus. Pl. cl.
petioles clothed with short down. N. v. S. Native of the East 18 C. JAVA'NA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 628.) leaves somewhat cor-
Indies.
date, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, smooth, somewhat serrated ;
Indian Cissus. Shrub cl.
serratures bristly; branches roundish, furrowed; peduncles tri-
7 C. CORDIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 170.) leaves cordate, quite entire, fid, rather corymbose. h.v. S. Native of Java.
pubescent beneath ; peduncles trifid, dichotomous. h. v. S. Na- Java Cissus. Shrub cl.
tive of South America.- Plum. icon. t. 259. f. 3. Berries blue, 19 C. PENTAGO'NA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 426.) leaves cordate,
1-seeded.
rarely somewhat lobed, serrulated, acuminated, smooth ; branches
Heart--leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
shining, pentagonal, with roundish angles and furrowed sides.
8 C. ROTUNDIFÒLIA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 19.) leaves cordate, 4. v. S. Native of the East Indies in the forests of Chittagong.
roundish, smooth, serrated; umbels simple ; branches pruinose, Pentagonal-branched Cissus. Pl. cl.
with swollen joints. h. v. S. Native of Java. Sælánthus rotun- 20 C. Sicyoìdes (Lin. spec. 170.) leaves cordate, ovate,
difòlius, Forsk. descr. icon. t. 4. Berry 1-seeded, large, oblong. smooth, thickish, with adpressed, bristly serratures ; branches
Round-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
round.
s. Native of Jamaica and Guadaloupe in waste
9. C. RE'PENS (Lam. dict. 1. p. 31.) leaves cordate, ovate, places, and by the sides of walls.—Sloan. hist. 1. t. 144. f. 1.-
somewhat toothed, and are, as well as the branches, smooth ; Brown. jam. t. 2. f. 1 and 2. Lam. ill. t. 84. f. 1. Jacq. amer.
flowers umbellate ; stems creeping. 4. v.S. Native of Ma- 22. t. 15. pict. 16. t. 20. The berries are black and oblong,
labar.-Rheed. mal. 7. t. 48. C. cordàta, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. and are eaten by the natives, as well as several other of the
425. Stems succulent. Berries red, 1-seeded. Stipulas oval. species, but are chiefly food for birds.
Flowers dull-purple. Taste of leaves very acrid.
Choco-like Cissus. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1768.
Clt. 1768. Pl. cl.
Creeping Cissus. Clt. 1821. Pl. cl.
21 C. FULIGI'NEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
10 Č. PUNCTICULÒSA (Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. 106.) leaves 224.) the whole plant of a rusty-black; leaves roundish-ovate,
broad-cordate, very blunt, with an abrupt, blunt point, and re- deeply-cordate, remotely-toothletted, hairy above, and clothed
mote, bristle-like serratures; branches dotted. ñ.v. S. Na- with soft down beneath; lower leaves 3-5-lobed, upper ones
tive of Cayenne.
entire; branches round, and are, as well as the peduncles,
Dotted-branched Cissus. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl.
clothed with hairy down. .
h. v. S. Native of South America
11 C. TAMOÌDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 342.) branches un- on the banks of the river Magdalena.
armed, terete, scabrous; leaves simple, cordate, acuminate, Blackish Cissus. Shrub cl.
sharply-denticulated, full of pellucid dots, scabrous; pedicels 22 C. ANTA'RCTICA (Vent. choix. t. 21.) leaves ovate, some-
and flowers smooth. 5 h. v. S. Native of Brazil in the pro- what cordate, loosely serrated, smoothish; nerves glandular at
vince of Minas Geraes. Flowers umbellate at the tops of the the base ; petioles and branches clothed with rusty-pubescence.
branches. Petals yellow.
ħ. v. G. Native of New Holland. Sims, bot. mag. 2488. C.
Tamus-like Cissus. Shrub sarmentose.
glandulosa, Poir. suppl. 105. Vìtis Kánguruh, Hortul. C. Bau-
12 C. UvíFERA (Afz. rem. guin. 69. ex Spreng. neue. entd. 3. diniàna, Brouss.
,
p. 235.) leaves somewhat peltately-cordate, quite entire, smooth, Antarctic Cissus or Kanguruh Vine. Cit. 1790. Shrub cl.
spotted at the base ; shoots round, smooth. h.v. S. Native 23 C. CAPE'NSIS (Willd. spec. 1. p. 655.) leaves somewhat
of Sierra Leone. Berries black, pulpy, with an austere, acid cordate, 5-angled, toothed, clothed with rusty down beneath ;
taste, but are eaten by the natives.
flowers somewhat capitate. h. vi G. Native of the Cape of
Grape-bearing Cissus. Shrub cl.
Good Hope. Vìtis Capensis, Thunb. f. сар.
2.
13 C. TILIACEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. et spec. amer. 5. Cape Cissus. Clt. 1792. Shrub cl.
p. 222.) smooth ; leaves roundish, ovate, cordate, sharply- 24 C. RUGÓSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 629.) leaves cordate, trifid
toothed, somewhat coriaceous; branches tetragonal ; cymes or quinquefid, wrinkled ; flowers racemose.
dichotomous. h.v. S. Native near the city of Mexico. of Jamaica on the mountains. C. nov. sp. Lunan, hort. jam. 2.
Lime-tree-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
p. 216. Berry black, large, 4-seeded. Leaves almost like those
14 C. QUADRANGULA'RIS (Lin. mant. 39.) leaves cordate, of the common vine.
kidney-shaped, serrated, smooth, fleshy; stem tetragonal, winged. Wrinkled-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
2. v. G. Native from Arabia to Cochin-china.Root tuber- 25 C. CANE'SCENS (Lam. ill. no. 1620.) leaves ovate, oblong,
ous.-Rumph. amb. 5. t. 44. Sælánthus quadragònus, Forsk. unequally-cordate at the base, toothed, clothed with short, hoary
descr. 33. icon. t. 2. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 426. Berries red, 1- down; branches angular ; peduncles and cymes villously-tomen-
seeded, about the size of peas.
tose. .
h. v. S. Native of Peru. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
Quadrangular-stemmed Cissus. Clt. 1790. Pl. cl.
amer. 5. p. 223.
15 C. COMPRESSICAU'LIS (Ruiz et Pav, fl. per. 1. p. 64. t.
.
Hoary Cissus. Shrub cl.
100.) leaves cordate, acutely-serrated, pubescent; flowers um- 26 C. UMBRÒSA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 223.)
bellate ; partial peduncles dichotomous ; stem tetragonal, com- leaves ovate, unequal-sided, obliquely-cordate, sharply-tooth-
pressed. h. S. Native of Peru among rubbish near Chan- letted, hairy above, but clothed with hoary, downy pubescence
cay. Berries dark-purple.
beneath ; branches rather tetragonal, hairy; peduncles and cymes
Compressed-stemmed Cissus. Shrub cl.
smoothish. h. v. S. Native of South America on the shady
. .
16 C. DISCOLOR (Blum. bijdr. 4th number.) leaves cordate- banks of the river Magdalena,
p. 105.
ħ. U.S. Native
1

AMPELIDEÆ. I. Cissus.
691
-
.
Shaded Cissus. Shrub cl.
Tomentose Cissus. Shrub el.
37 C. ANGULA'TA (Lam. ill. no. 1614.) leaves ovate, some-
** Leaves simple, not cordate, entire or toothed, sometimes
what pentagonal, and angularly lobed, downy beneath ; peduncles
lobed.
flat, longer than the leaves. 4. v. S. Native of the East In-
27 C. SMILA'CINA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 224.) dies. Berry dark-purple.
leaves ovate-oblong, somewhat acuminated, obliquely truncate Angular-leaved Cissus. Pl. cl.
at the base, smooth above, hairy beneath, as well as the fur- 38 C. DUARTEA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 343. t. 71.) hairy;
rowed branches; cymes and peduncles smooth. h. v. S. Na-
branches unarmed, furrowed ; leaves trisected or profoundly 3-
tive of South America on the banks of the river Magdalena in lobed, obtuse, sinuated. ħ.v.S. Native of Brazil in the province
shady places. C. sicyoides, Poir. dict. suppl. 1. p. 104. ex H. et B. of Minas Geraes. Flowers umbellate at the tops of the branches.
Smilax-like Cissus. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
Duarte's Cissus. Shrub cl.
28 C. OVA'TA (Lam. ill. no. 1619. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 343.)
p
39 C. TRILOBA'TA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 31.) leaves 3-lobed or
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, smooth, rather scabrous, with trisected; lobes ovate, acute, toothed, rather fleshy; branches
sharply-toothletted serratures; branches unarmed, channelled, round.
round. h.u.S. Native of Malabar.-Rheed. mal. 5. t. 45.
smooth; pedicels and flowers smooth. N. v. S.
. v. S. Native of Three-lobed-leaved Cissus. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
Guadaloupe, Jamaica, and Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro.
*** Leaves trifoliate.
Irsiòla, Brown. jam. t. 4. f. 1 and 2. Very like C. sicyoides,
but the leaves are ovate, not cordate. It is perhaps the C. smi- 40 C. A'CIDA (Lin. spec. 170.) leaflets obovately-cuneated,
lácina of Willd. enum. 163.? The berries are oblong and black, fleshy, smooth, toothed at the apex, but almost entire at the
and are eaten by the natives. Flowers yellowish-green.
base. h. v. S. Native of South America and the West Indies.
Ovate-leaved Cissus. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
Jacq. schoenbr. 1. t. 33.-Plum. ed. Burm. t. 259. f. 3. Sicyos
29 C. ELLÍPTICA (Schlecht. et Cham, in Linnæa. 5. p. 221.) angulàta, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 1013. Berries black, surrounded
leaves elliptical-ovate or obovate, truncate at the base; branches by the calyx. The whole plant has an acid taste.
obscurely quadrangular. h.v. S. Native of Mexico. This Acid Cissus. Fl. June, Aug.
F). June, Aug. Clt. 1692. Shrub cl.
species differs from C. sicyożdes in the leaves neither being cor- 41 C. SETÒSA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 428.) leaves sessile ; leaf-
date, nor acuminated, nor smooth beneath.
lets 3, rarely 5, fleshy, smooth, oval, wavy, coarsely and un-
Elliptical-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
equally bristly-toothed; stipulas cordate; stems round, beset
30 C. OBSCU'RA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 629.) leaves ovate-lanceo- with glandular bristles. 4. U.S. Native of the East Indies in
late, acuminated, smooth, with a few awn-like, pressed ser- hedges and forests in the Rajamundree Circar. Berries 1-seed-
ratures. h.? u. S. Native of South America? Large pani- ed. Root fusiform. Every part of the plant is exceedingly
cles, much branched, sterile, small ones fertile. This is perhaps acrid. The leaves toasted and oiled are applied to indolent
the C. ovata of Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. p. 105. a native of tumours to bring them to suppuration.
Cayenne, but not of Lam.
Bristly-toothed-leaved Cissus. Pl. cl.
Obscure Cissus. Shrub cl.
42 C. CARNÒSA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 31.) leaflets oval, obtuse,
31 C. UMBELLATA (Lour. Al. coch. 84.) leaves ovate, serrated, fleshy, smooth ; branches and petioles round.
smooth, quite entire ; umbels compound; corollas woolly inside.
S. Native of the East Indies. C. pergamàcea, Blum. bijdr.
. S. Native of China about Canton. Calyx truncate, sur- 4th number.--Rumph. amb. 5. t. 166. f. 2.-Rheed. mal. 7. t.
rounding the berry, which is 1-seeded.
9. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 427. Berries black, 4-seeded. Flowers
Umbellate-flowered Cissus. Shrub cl.
small, white. Branches rather flattened.
32 C. GLANDULÒSA (Gmel. syst. 256.) leaves ovate, acute, Fleshy-leaved Cissus. Clt. 1818. Pl. cl.
serrate-toothed, fleshy; pedicels and calyxes glandular at the 43 C. TRIFOLIA'TA (Jacq. amer. 23.) leaflets obovate, deeply
base.
4. v. G. Native of Arabia. Sælánthus glandulosus,
Sælánthus glandulosus, serrated, acute, fleshy, smooth ; branches subalate. ñ.vis.
Forsk. descr. 34. Root tuberous. Stems round. Perhaps this Native of Jamaica and Surinam in hedges. Swartz, obs. p. 50.
is the same as C. glandulòsa of Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 143. -Sloan. jam. t. 142. f. 5-6.? Sícyos trifoliata, Lin. spec. ed. 1.
which is said to have hispid pedicels and calyx.
p. 1013. Berries small, black. This is probably distinct from
Glandular-calyxed Cissus. Clt. 1819. Pl. cl.
C. ácida. C. trifoliata of Lour. is most probably a very distinct
33 C. PRODU'CTA (Afz, rem. guin. 63. ex Spreng. neue. entd. species. Every part of the plant is acid.
3. p. 234.) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, with rather bristly Trifoliate Cissus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1739. Shrub cl.
teeth; flowers panicled; shoots very long, striated, compressed. 44 C. CAU’STICA (Tuss. ant. t. 16.) leaflets ovate, obtuse ;
4. v.S. Native of Guinea.
branches round, jointed, succulent; petioles channelled. h.U.S.
Produced Cissus. Shrub cl.
Native of the Caribbee Islands. Flowers corymbose, blood-
34 C. TUBEROSA (Moc. et Sesse, A. mex. icon. ined. D. C. coloured. The plant is very caustic. .
prod. 1. p. 629.) leaves obovate, smooth, coarsely-serrated or
Caustic Cissus. Shrub cl.
trifid, with cut lobes; root tuberous.
4. v. S. Native of 45 C. SALUTA'RIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 225.)
5
.
New Spain. Very like C. sicyoìdes and C. ovata, and is pro- leaflets oblong, sharply serrated, full of pellucid dots, hairy
bably only a variety of one of them.
above, and clothed with rusty hairs beneath ; branches round,
Tuberous-rooted Cissus. Pl. cl.
and are as well as the peduncles hairy and striated. h. v. S.
35 C. MICRA'NTHA (Poir. suppl. 1. p. 105.) leaves smooth, Native of New Andalusia near Quetepe and Cumana in arid
ovate, somewhat 3-lobed, with acute-serrated lobes, middle lobe places. The root of this species is useful against dropsy.
longest; peduncles quinquefid at the apex, umbellate, length of
,
Salutary Cissus. Shrub cl.
petiole. 2 ? U.S. Native of St. Domingo.
46 C. SPINÒSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 345.) branches spinose,
Small-flowered Cissus. Pl. cl.
angular, young ones tomentose; leaves ternate ; leaflets un-
36 C. TOMENTÒSA (Lam. ill. no. 1613.) leaves somewhat pen- equal, lanceolate, dentately serrated, covered with white tomen-
tagonal, bluntly-toothed, smooth above, and clothed with rusty tum beneath ; pedicels pilose; flowers puberulous.
h. v. S.
down beneath ; petioles compressed. h. v.S. Native of Bour- Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers
bon. Flowers and fruit unknown.
umbellate at the tops of the branches. Petals violet?
2.vi
.
4 T 2

692
AMPELIDEÆ I. Cissus.
.
-
h. To
Spinose-stemmed Cissus. Shrub sarmentose.
oblong, acuminated, coarsely and sharply toothed, smooth, co-
47 C. SYLVATICA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 345.) branches un- riaceous; corymbs axillary, divaricating ; stem woody, papillose,
armed, angular, smoothish ; leaves ternate; leaflets unequal, much branched.
much branched. N. v. S. Native of Java.
lanceolate, sharply serrated, smooth, full of pellucid dots ; Papillose-stemmed Cissus. Shrub cl.
pedicels pilose; flowers smoothish. N. v.S. Native of Brazil 60°C. GENICULA'TA (Blum. bijdr. 1. c.) leaflets oblong,
in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers umbellate at the acuminated, bluntly toothletted, membranaceous, pubescent on
tops of the branches.
the rib on both surfaces, lateral leaflets half-cordate ; corymbs
Wood Cissus. Shrub sarmentose.
dichotomous, jointed ; stem suffruticose, roundish. h.v. S.
48 C. A'LBIDA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 344.) branches terete, Native of Java.
tomentose; leaves ternate; leaflets unequal, acute, unequally- Jointed-stemmed Cissus. Shrub cl.
toothed, tomentose beneath ; pedicels tomentose; flowers hairy. 61 C. RHODOCA'RPA (Blum. bijdr. 1. c.) leaflets ovate-ellip-
.. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. tical, acuminated, membranaceous, smooth, coarsely and un-
Flowers in umbels at the tops of the branches. Petals green. equally toothed, lateral leaflets cordate; corymbs dichotomous,
White Cissus. Shrub cl.
shorter than the leaves ; stem somewhat tetragonal. ħ. v. S.
49 C. OBOVA'TA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 19.) leaflets smooth, mem- Native of Java. Fruit red, eatable.
branaceous, obovate, quite entire, mucronated; peduncles tri- Red-fruited Cissus. Shrub cl.
chotomous, longer than the leaves. 2? v. S. Native of Santa 62 C. HIRTE’LLA (Blum. bijdr. 1. c.) leaflets ovate-oblong,
Cruz.
membranous, unequally serrated, downy beneath as well as
Obovate-leaved Cissus. Pl. cl.
the petioles ; corymbs dichotomous, axillary. Đ. v. S. Na-
50 C. PAUCIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 630.) leaflets obovate, tive of Java.
almost entire, cuneated at the base, blunt at the apex, smooth, Hairy Cissus. Shrub cl.
stiff; peduncles few-flowered, shorter than the leaves. h. v.G.
'
63 C. ALA'TA (Jacq. amer. 23. t. 182. f. 10.) leaves hairy;
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch, cat. no. 3009. leaflets ovate, cordate, acute, serrated; branches with membra-
Few-flowered Cissus. Shrub cl.
nous angles. ħ. v.S. Native of Jamaica and Carthagena, climb-
51 C. TERNATA (Gmel. syst. 1. p. 256.) leaflets smooth, stiff, ing among trees and shrubs.—Sloan. hist. 1. p. 233. t. 144.
ovate, cordate, acute, serrated; branches round.
G. C. trifoliata, Lin. spec. 170.? Petals red; nectary yellow.
Native of Arabia in corn-fields. Sælánthus ternátus, Forsk. Winged-stemmed Cissus. Clt. 1822. Shrub ci.
descr. 35. Common petioles wanting.
64 Č. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
Ternate-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
226.) leaflets acute, sharply toothletted, puberulous above,
52 C. LU'CIDA (Poir. suppl. 1. p. 106.) leaflets smooth, shin- hoary-pubescent beneath, middle one largest, stalked, ovate-
ing, ovate, setaceously-toothletted; branches compressed, tetra- oblong, narrow-cuneated at the base ; branches quadrangular,
gonal, somewhat winged, glandular. h. S. Native of striated, hairy. h. v. S. Native of South America, plentiful
Cayenne. Allied to č. alata.
on the banks of the river Magdalena between Mompox and
Shining-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
Buenavista. Flowers and fruit unknown.
53 C. QUADRIALA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c.) leaflets smooth, Pubescent Cissus. Shrub cl.
obtuse, crenate-toothletted, and full of pellucid dots, middle 65 C. RHOMBIFÒLIA (Vahl. ecl. 2. p. 10.) leaflets pubescent,
ones ovate and acuminated at the base, lateral ones unequal- serrulated, lateral ones semicordate; middle one ovate-rhom-
sided ; branches tetragonal, 4-winged ; peduncles and cymes boid ; branches angular. h.v. S. Native of the Island of
hairy. h. v.S. Native of the Isle of Panumana in the mis- Trinidad.
sion of the Orinoco.
Rhomb-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
Four-winged-stemmed Cissus. Shrub cl.
66 C. cine'rea (Lam. ill. no. 1624.) leaflets thickish, pubes-
54 C. MICROCA'RPA (Vahl. ecl. i. p. 16.) leaflets oblong, cent, ovate, toothed, lateral ones somewhat cordate ; branches
serrated, mucronulate, smooth, membranaceous; branches an- angular; petioles round. h. v. S. Native of the East Indies,
gular. h. v.S. Native of the Caribbee Islands.-Plum. icon. particularly Java. C. pubinérvis, Blum. bijdr. 4th number.
ed. Burm. t. 259. f. 4. Berries oblong, black.
Grey Cissus. Shrub cl.
Small-fruited Cissus. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. cl. 67 C. CIRRHÒSA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 142.) leaflets fleshy, vil-
55 C. ACUTIFÒLIA (Poir. suppl. 1. p. 106.) leaflets ovate, lous, ovate, serrated; branches and petioles compressed; ber-
toothed, somewhat lobed, smooth, membranaceous ; lobes acute; ries hairy. ñ.v. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
branches angular, somewhat compressed. h. v. S. Native of
n. J.S. Native of Vitis cirrhòsa, Thunb. fl. cap. 2.
Vìtis cirrhòsa, Thunb. i. cap. 2. p. 106. There is a variety of
.
the East Indies.
this totally smooth according to Thunberg, it may probably
Acute-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
prove a distinct species.
56 C. ERÒSA (Rich. act. soc. hist. nat. par. 106.) leaflets Tendrilled Cissus. Shrub cl.
membranaceous, smooth, oblong-ovate, rather acute at the base, 68 C. CRENA'TA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 19.) leaflets roundish,
erosely-toothed; petioles rather marginate ; cymes on long pe- crenated, young ones villous. h. vis. Native of the East
h.v.
duncles. n. v.š. Native of Cayenne.
Indies. Vìtis trifòlia, Lin. spec. 293.—Rumph. amb. 5. t. 166.
Erose-toothed Cissus. Shrub cl.
f. 2. C. obtusifolia, Lam. dict. 1. p. 31.?
p
57 C. TIMORIE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 630.) leaflets mem- Crenate-leafletted Cissus. Shrub cl.
branous, smooth, stalked, acute, broadly toothed ; panicles loose, 69 C. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 427.) flowers dioe-
trichotomous. h. U.S. Native of 'Timor.
cious ; leaflets smooth on both surfaces, lanceolate, serrated ; sti-
Timor Cissus. Shrub cl.
pulas ovate, acute ; cymes shorter than the petioles ; stem much
58 C. EMARGINE'LLA (Swartz. in act. holm. 1825. p. 427.) compressed. h. v. S. Native of Sumatra.
Berries white,
leaflets obovate, emarginate, remotely crenated, smooth; branches round, 1-2-seeded, about the size of
peas.
and petioles quadragonal. h.v. S. Native of the Caribbee Narrow-leaved Cissus. Fl. Feb. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl.
Islands.
Emarginate-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
**** Leaves palmate, with 5 leaflets.
59 C. PAPILLÒSA (Blum. bijdr. 4th number,) leaflets ovate- 70 C. Quina'ta (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 1. p. 260.) leaflets

AMPELIDEÆ. I. Cissus.
693
4. v
.
Flowers green
h?
obovate, wedge-shaped, serrated above. ñ.v. G. Native of Changeable Cissus. Shrub cl.
the Cape of Good Hope.
83 C. SCARIÒSA (Blum. bijdr. 1. c.) leaflets oval, bluntish, co-
Quinate-leaved Cissus. Fl. July. Clt. 1790. Shrub cl. riaceous, coarsely serrated at the apex; serratures scarious at
71 C. PENTAPHY'LLA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 659.) leaflets smooth,
.
the top; stem chinky. n.v.s. Native of Java.
.
G.
ovate, serrated, acuminated.
Native of Japan.
Scarious Cissus. Shrub cl.
Vìtis pentaphylla, Thunb. fl. jap. 106.
84 C. LÆVIGA'TA (Blum. bijdr. 1. c.) leaflets ovate, acute,
Five-leaved Cissus. Fl. April, Sept.
Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1790. Pl. cl. with glandular serratures, smooth, coriaceous; corymbs axil-
72 C. STRIA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 64. t. 100.) leaflets lary; stem round, warted. h. v. S. Native of Java.
smooth, sessile, oblong-lanceolate, serrated; stem striated, flex- Smooth-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
uous; cymes arched. h. v. S.
h. u. S. Native of Peru.
85 C. DICHOTOMA (Blum. bijdr. 1. c.) leaflets coriaceous,
Striated-branched Cissus. Shrub cl.
smooth, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, with glandular serratures;
73 C. Mexica'NA (Moc. et Sesse, A. mex. icon. ined. and corymbs dichotomous, shorter than the leaves. h. v.S. Na-
D. C. prod. 1. p. 631.) leaflets smooth, stalked, oblong-lan- tive of Java.
ceolate, serrated ; stem somewhat tetragonal. h. v.S. Native Dichotomous Cissus. Shrub cl.
of Mexico.
86 C. THYRSIFLORA (Blum. bijdr. 1. c.) leaflets ovate-oblong,
Mexican Cissus. Shrub cl.
acute, serrulated, clothed beneath with rusty down as well as
74 C. PALMA'TA (Poir. suppl. 1. p. 107.) leaflets 5-7, smooth, the branches; thyrse tendrilled.
h.v.s.
Native of Java.
sessile, linear-lanceolate, sinuated, with bristle-like teeth ; Thyrse-flowered Cissus. Shrub cl.
branches tetragonal. h.v. S. Native of the Isle of France. 87 C. QUINQUEFÒLIA (Sol. mss. bot. mag. t. 2443.) leaflets 5,
Flowers umbellate.
oblong-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, deeply serrated, smooth-
Palmate-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
ish ; branches round, knotted, smooth ; branches of panicle di-
75 C. GRANULÒSA (Ruiz et Pay. fl. per. 1. t. 101.) leaflets varicating ; pedicels puberulous ; flowers smooth, umbellate.
smooth, obovate, toothed ; stem angular, granular ; cymes h.us. Native of Brazil. C. Simsiàna, Schult. 3. p. 545.
p
spreading. h.u.S. Native of Peru among broken rocks.
Granular-stemmed Cissus. Shrub cl.
Five-leaved Cissus. Fl. Jul. Clt. 1800. Sh. cl.
76 C. DIGITA'TA (Lam. ill. no. 1627.) leaves smooth, upper
ones trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, serrated ; branches round.
*** Leaves pedate, with 5-7-9 leaflets; middle leaflet
G. Native of Arabia. Sælánthus digitàtus, Forsk. descr.
solitary, lateral ones in twos, threes, or fours.
35. icon, t. 3.
88 C. JAPÓNICA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 659.) leaflets 5, smooth,
Digitate-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
oval, with awned serratures, lateral ones obtuse; peduncles
77 C. DIVERSIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 631.) leaves smooth, longer than the leaves. 4. v. G. Native of Japan.
radical ones simple, middle ones trifoliate, upper ones with 5 Japan Cissus. Pl. cl.
.
leaflets ; leaflets acuminated, tapering to the base, acutely- 89 C. NIPAULE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 632.) leaflets 5, smooth,
)
crenated ; petioles with a pubescent line.
S. Native oval, acute, tapering to the base, with awned serratures ; pedun-
of? C. heterophylla, Link. enum. 1. p. 143. but not of Poir. cles shorter than the leaves. 4. v. G. Native of Nipaul.
Diverse-leaved Cissus, Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
Nipaul Cissus. Pl. cl.
78 C. FEMÍNEA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 428.) leaves digitate, 90 C. CORIA'CEA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 632.) leaflets 5, smooth,
shining, with stalked, broad-lanceolate, entire, or somewhat cre- rather coriaceous, oval, tapering a little to both ends, broadly
nulate leaflets; style wanting ; petals and stigmas 4 or 5. and distantly crenated ; peduncles shorter than the leaves.
h. . v. S. Native of the East Indies on wooded mountains. h.v. S. Native of the island of Timor. There are 2 va-
Flowers small, green, or greenish-yellow.
rieties of this plant, one with broader and the other with nar-
Female Cissus. Shrub cl.
rower leaflets.
79 C. ELONGATA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 429.) leaves digitate, Leathery-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
smooth, with stalked, oblong, acute, remotely serrated leaflets ; 91 C. LANCEOLA'RIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 430.) leaflets 5,
stipulas and bracteas cordate; cymes trichotomous; branchlets smoothish, rather coriaceous, lanceolate, acuminated, irregularly
fleshy, polished, a little compressed. h.v. S. Native among somewhat serrated ; cymes stalked, almost the length of the
the mountains on the coast of Coromandel and Bengal. Plant
Plant petioles. N. v. S. Native of the East Indies. C. dioica,
climbing over trees to a considerable extent. Berries round- Roxb. in herb. Lamb.-Rheed. mal. 7. p. 15. t. 8. Flowers
turbinate, the size of a cherry, when ripe black, 1-seeded. dioecious, female ones unknown.
Elongated Cissus. Clt. 1818. Shrub cl.
Lanceolate-leafletted Cissus. Fl. Feb. Mar. Shrub cl.
80 C. AURICULA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 630.) leaflets stalked, 92 C. SERRULA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 432.) leaflets 5, oblong,
oblong, acute, bluntly serrated, smooth above, villous beneath; serrulated ; stem polished. 4. v. S. Native of Chittagong.
stipulas ear-shaped ; branches round, villous.
h.v.S. Na-
C. glabrata, Blume bijdr. no. 4.
tive of Mysore. Shoots climbing over trees to a great extent. Šerrulated-leafletted Cissus. Fl. April, May. Pl. cl.
Berries size, shape, and appearance of a common cherry, 1- 93 C. HETEROPHY'LLA (Poir. suppl. 1. p. 107.) leaflets 5,
seeded.
smooth, upper ones somewhat rhomboid, crenated, lower ones
Eared-stipuled Cissus. Fl.
year. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
oblique, obtuse; stem fistular, striated. h.v. S. Native of
81 C. TUBERCULA'TA (Blum. bijdr. 5th number,) leaflets ob- Java. C. leucocarpa, Blum. bijdr. no. 4. Berries white.
long, acuminated, serrated, smooth, coriaceous; corymbs
Variable-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
shorter than the petioles ; stem compressed, tubercled. hov. 94 C. PEDA'TA (Lam. dict. 1. p. 31.) leaflets 7-9, lanceolate,
S. Native of Java.
acuminated, serrated, clothed with downy pubescence beneath ;
Tubercled-stemmed Cissus. Shrub cl.
branches and petioles hoary. h. v. S. Native of the East
82 C. MUTA'BILIS (Blum. bijdr. 1. c.) leaflets oblong, acu-
Indies.-Rheed. mal. 7. t. 10.? but the flowers are said to be
minated, lateral ones bluntish, remotely serrated ; serratures 5-cleft. Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 431. C. heptaphylla, Retz. obs.
scarious; cymes axillary; stem woody; berries 3-4-seeded.
Berries white, 4-lobed, depressed, 4-seeded.
h.v.S. Native of Java.
h. u.
--
Pedate-leaved Cissus, Shrub cl.
v. 22.

694
II. PTERISANTHES. III. AMPELOPSIS.
AMPELIDEÆ. I. Cissus.
app. p. 90.
a
****** Leaves pinnate or bipinnate, with opposite leaflets.
racemes doubly bifid. h. v. H. Native of North America
from Pennsylvania to Carolina on river sides and among hedges.
95 C. PINNATA (Russ. besch. alep. ex Rom. et Schult. syst. Císsus ampelopsis, Pers. ench. 1. p. 142.
142. Vìtis indivīsa, Willd.
3. p. 317.) leaves pinnate and trifoliate, smooth, membrana- baumz, 538. Flowers reddish. Berries pale-red.
ceous, with ovate, cut leaflets. h? v. S. Native of Aleppo. Cordate-leaved Ampelopsis. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1803.
Pinnate-leaved Cissus. Shrub cl.
Shrub cl.
96 C. OBLÍQUA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 1. p. 65. t. 101. f. 6.) 2 A. BÓTRIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 633.) leaves cordate, cre-
leaves pinnate, pubescent, with 2 or 3 oblique, cordate leaflets. nated, 3-5-lobed, downy; racemes subdivided. h. v. S. Na-
h?. S. Native of Peru.
tive of the eastern coast of Africa on the shores of Zanquebar.
Oblique-leafletted Cissus. Shrub cl.
Bótria Africàna, Lour. coch. 154. Flowers reddish. Berries
97 Č. MA'PPIA (Lam. ill. no. 1631.) leaves somewhat bi- black and eatable.
pinnate, smooth, rather fleshy; leaflets ovate, quite entire. n. Grape Ampelopsis. Shrub cl.
S. Native of the Isle of France, where it is called Mappia.
Mappia Cissus. Shrub cl.
** Leaves palmate, with 3 or 5 leaflets.
98 C. ORIENTA'LIS (Lam. ill. p. 332. t. 84. f. 2.) leaves bi- 3 A. HETEROPHY'LLA (Blum. bijdr. 4th number,) leaves simple
pinnate, smooth ; leaflets ovate, serrated. h. v. S. Native or ternate, cordate, crenate-serrated, smooth; corymbs dichoto-
of the Levant.
mous. h. U.S. Native of Java. Vìtis Javánica, Spreng. syst.
Eastern Cissus. Shrub cl.
99 C. CONNI'VENS (Lam. ill. no. 1630.) leaves somewhat bi- Variable-leaved Ampelopsis. Shrub cl.
pinnate, smooth ; leaflets ovate, bluntish, a little toothed; petals. 4 A. HEDERA CEA (Mich.- fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 160.) leaves
conniving. h.u. S. Native of Madagascar. Differing from palmate, with 3 and 5 leaflets, smooth on both surfaces ; leaflets
C. orientalis, in having smaller and fewer leaflets.
stalked, oblong-acuminated, mucronately toothed; racemes co-
Conniving-petalled Cissus. Shrub cl.
rymbose, dichotomous. Ñ . v. H. Native of North America
Cult. Cissus is a climbing genus of plants, hardly distin- from Pennsylvania to Carolina on the Alleghany mountains.
guishable from Vàtis. They are hardly worth cultivating, ex- Hédera quinquefòlia, Lin. spec. 292. Vìtis quinquefòlia, Lam.
cept in general collections; they will grow freely in any light ill. no. 2815. Cissus hederácea, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p.
soil, and cuttings will root readily under hand-glasses ; those of 170. Vitis hederácea, Willd.
Vìtis hederácea, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1182,--Corn. can. t.
the stove species should be placed in a moist heat.
100. Stems climbing and rooting. Flowers greenish-purple.
Fruit small, black. This shrub is used for covering walls like
II. PTERISA'NTHES (from prepov, pteron, a wing, and ivy. The leaves turn red in autumn.
avdos, anthos, a flower ; winged perigone). Blum. bijdr. no. 4. Five-leaved Ivy, Virginian Creeper, or Ivy-like Ampelopsis.
LIN. syst. Polygàmia, Dioècia. Perigone leafy, lobately- Fl. June, July. Clt. 1629. Shrub cl.
winged, coriaceous, deformed. Flowers polygamous, marginal 5 A. HIRSUTA (Donn, hort. cant. 166.) leaves palmate, with
ones male, pedicellate, hermaphrodite ones in the disk sessile. 3 or 5 ovate, acuminated, coarsely toothed leaflets, which are
Male flowers with an urceolate, entire calyx, 4 rhomboid, erect- pubescent on both surfaces. h. v. H. Native of the Alleghany
ish petals, 4 stamens which are opposite the petals, and with a mountains. Cissus hederácea, var. B, hirsùta, Pursh, fl. amer.
tumid disk in the centre. Hermaphrodite flowers, with a short sept. 1. p. 170.
entire calyx, spreading petals, and with the stamens as in the Hairy Ampelopsis. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1806. Shrub cl.
male. Ovary immersed in the disk, crowned by a sessile, 6 A. CAPREOLATA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 188. under
bluntish stigma. Berries obovate, 1 rarely 2-seeded. Seeds Vàtis) leaflets 5, elliptical, acuminated, bristly-toothed, coria-
gibbous on the back, compressed on the other side, and with a ceous, pubescent beneath; umbels axillary, 4-rayed, shorter
1 ;
longitudinal furrow. Albumen cartilaginous, 2-lobed. Embryo than the leaves. . v. H. Native of Nipaul. Resembles A.
straight.
hederàcea, but is one half smaller. Flowers axillary, umbellate.
1 P. INVOLUCRA'TA (Blum. 1. c.) leaves digitate ; leaflets Climbing Ampelopsis. Shrub cl.
oblong, acuminated, repandly-toothed ; flowers disposed in in- 7 A.? TERNA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 633.) leaves trifoliate,
volucrated fascicles, outer ones on pedicels, inner ones sessile. clothed with cinereous down beneath ; leaflets oblong-oval, mu-
h.v. S. Native of Java.
Císsus involucràta, Spreng. syst. cronate, doubly serrated, lateral ones oblique ; stems and ten-
append. p. 44.
drils downy. h. v. S.
S. Native of the East Indies. Vitis
Involucrated-flowered Pterisanthes Shrub cl.
ternáta, Roth. in Roem. and Schult. syst. 5. p.
319.
Cult. Any light soil will suit this shrub, and cuttings will Ternate-leaved Ampelopsis. Shrub cl.
root readily under a hand-glass, in heat. Not worth cultivating
* * * Leaves pinnate or bipinnate.
unless in general collections.
8 A. PINNA'TA (Rom. et Schult. syst. 3. p. 322.) leaves pin-
III. AMPELO'PSIS (from aumelos, ampelos, a vine, and nate, smooth, with 5 toothed leaflets.
h.
s. Native?
ovis, opsis, resemblance; resembling the vine in every respect). Vìtis pinnata, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 43. Branches purplish. Flowers
Mich. A. bor. amer. 1. p. 159. D. C. prod. 1. p. 632.
small.
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx almost entire. Pinnate-leaved Ampelopsis. Shrub cl.
Petals 5 (as in Vitis) but separating from each other from the 9 A. BIPINNA'TA (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 1. p. 160.) leaves bi-
apex to the bottom (as in Cissus). Stamens 5. Style 1, crowned pinnate, smooth ; leaflets deeply lobed ; racemes stalked, twice
by a capitate stigma. Ovary not immersed in the disk, 2-4- bifid. H.H. Native of Virginia and Carolina, in shady woods
seeded (Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 222.). This is an inter- on river sides. Vìtis arbórea, Willd.
Vìtis arbórea, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1183. Císsus
mediate genus between Cissus and ſìtis.
stáns, Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 170.- Pluk. mant. t. 412.
* Leaves simple.
f. 2. Stem upright. Flowers small, green. Berries globose,
cream-coloured.
1 A. CORDA'TA (Mich. A. bor. amer. 1. p. 159.) leaves cor- Bipinnate-leaved Ampelopsis. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1700.
date, acute, toothed, somewhat 3-lobed; nerves villous beneath ; Shrub 10 feet.

AMPELIDEÆ. III. AMPELOPSIS. IV, Vitis.
695
Cult. The hardy species of this genus are well adapted for forms a branch of rural economy from the 21st to 51st degree
covering walls, or planting with other climbing plants over of north latitude, or from Schiraz in Persia to Coblentz on the
bowers or trellis-work; they are easily increased by layers or Rhine. Some vineyards are even to be found near Dresden
cuttings in the autumn. The stove species are not worth grow- and in Moravia, and by means of garden-culture it is made to
ing, except in general collections ; cuttings of these will strike produce fruit for the table still farther north, being grown to a
root readily in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, in a moist heat. considerable degree of perfection in the hothouses of St. Pe-
tersburgh and Stockholm. The vine is supposed to have been
introduced to Britain by the first Roman governors, though from
IV. VI'TIS (from the Celtic word guid, which signifies a tree Tacitus it appears to have been wanting in Agricola's time.
or shrub, that is to say, the best of trees; in Spanish it is called There is evidence, however, to prove that vineyards were planted
vid ; in French vigne ; in English vine. Wine comes from the here in the year 280 A. D. and Bede, writing in 731, says
celtic word gwin). Lin. gen. no. 284. D. C. prod. 1. p. 633. there are vineyards growing in several places. Harte observes
LIN. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx usually 5-toothed. that the religious fraternities of the dark ages spread out from
Petals 5, cohering at the top, with a likeness to a calyptra, Italy in all directions, carrying with them the knowledge of
separating at the base, and deciduous. Stamens 5. Style none. agriculture and gardening, and from the celebrated nursery of
Berry 2-celled, 4-seeded; cells and seeds often abortive. Climb- the wealthy fathers of the Chartreuse of France, which contained
ing shrubs, with simple, lobed, cut or toothed, rarely compound 24 acres, all sorts of fruit-trees were sold and distributed in
leaves, and thyrsoid racemes of small, greenish-yellow flowers. Europe and in Asia and Africa, during several centuries pre-
The grape-vine belongs to this genus.
vious to the French Revolution, and there is little doubt, Pro-
+ Hermaphrodite species, natives of the old world,
fessor Martyn observes, that orchards and vineyards were com-
mon appendages to abbeys and monasteries from their first
* Leaves entire, toothed, or lobed, seldom jagged.
establishment to the time of the Reformation. From this period
1 V. viníFERA (Lin. spec. 293.)
FIG. 117.
they have disappeared in part, perhaps from the culture of the
leaves lobed, sinuately toothed,
vine being little understood by those to whom the lands of
naked, or downy.
K. v. H.
religious houses were sold or granted ; and in part because a
Native, indigenous, in the southern
better article could be introduced from our French provinces in
parts of Asia, but now cultivated
the time of the Henries, and continued to be imported when we
every where.-Blackw. herb. t.
lost these. In modern times vineyards have been planted and
154. There are varieties with the
wine produced nearly, if not entirely equal to that of France.
leaves more or less lobed, smooth,
It is stated in the Museum Rusticum, that at Arundel Castle in
pubescent, or downy, flat or curl-
Sussex the Duke of Norfolk had a vineyard, of which there
ed, pale or deep-green. Branches
were in his Grace's cellar in 1763, about 60 pipes of excellent
prostrate, climbing, or erect, ten-
Burgundy. In Miller's time the hon. Charles Hamilton of Pains-
der or firm. Racemes loose or
hill had a vineyard which succeeded for many years and produced
crowded, ovate, or cylindrical.
excellent champaigne. There are also accounts of several other
Berries red, black, pale-white, or
individuals who have succeeded in the culture of vineyards.
green, watery or fleshy, sweet,
There can be no hesitation therefore in agreeing with these authors,
musky, or sour. Seeds variable
and with Miller, Martyn, and Speechley, that vineyards would
in number, often without. See
succeed in various parts of England, and particularly of Ireland,
the great number of varieties enumerated by Duhamel in abr. and produce wine equal to much of that imported from France.
fr. 2. t. 16. Rox. Clem. var. vid. 1 vol. 8vo. madrid 1807. Whether this branch of rural economy would be profitable is
Chapt. vign. 2 vol. 8vo. Paris 1801. Roem. et Schult. syst. doubtful to say. It may, however, afford much satisfaction to
5. p. 300.
300. See also the catalogue of the Luxemburg Garden individuals in favourable situations to form vineyards and drink
at Paris, which includes 1400 varieties, gathered from various their own wine.
fruit catalogues. There are about 600 varieties in the gardens Grapes appear to have been in demand for the table as early
about Geneva.
as the 16th century, for Tusser includes “
grapes
white and
The vine attains a great age in warm climates. Pliny speaks red” in his list of fruits published about the year 1560, but as
of a vine which had existed 600 years, and Bosc says that there far as appears the vine has only been cultivated as dwarf stan-
are vines in Burgundy 400 years old. In Italy there are vine- dards, or trained against walls or buildings till the beginning of
yards which have been in a flourishing state upwards of 300 the 18th century. Stoves for preserving curious exotics had
years, and Miller says that a vineyard 100 years old is reckoned been introduced soon after the middle of the 17th century, but
young. The extent of the branches of a vine in certain situa- no mention is to be found of artificial heat to the vine till 1718,
tions is commensurate with its produce and age. In the hedges when Laurence informs us in his Fruit Garden, published that
of Italy they are found overtopping the highest trees, and in year, that the Duke of Rutland at Belvoir Castle, has done so
England one plant trained against a row of houses in North- much justice to the vine, as to have fires constantly burning be-
allerton covered a space of 137 square yards, then about hind his sloped walls from Lady-day to Michaelmas, whereby he
100 years old, in the year 1785. There is one at Hampton is rewarded with the largest grapes and even the best Frontignacs
Court nearly the same age, occupying 116 square yards. The in July. These sloped walls were afterwards covered with glass
vine sometimes attains a girth of 4 feet in circumference,
as we are informed. Switzer (Pract. fruit gard. 2d ed. 1763.)
and will afford planks 15 inches broad. The timber is of appears to be the first author who gives a regular plan of a
great durability. The vine is generally considered of Persian vinery, with directions for forcing the grape.
He advises
origin, and Dr. Sickler has given a curious account of its mi-making fires as early as the middle of December, so as to make
gration to Egypt, Greece, and Sicily. From Sicily it is sup- vines push by the middle of January. However, since his time
posed to have found its way to Italy, Spain, and France, and the art of forcing has made such rapid progress, that no kitchen-
in the latter country it is believed to have been cultivated in the garden worth notice is now without them; the fruit is produced
time of Antoninus. In the old world the culture of the vine in some vineries during every month of the year; and in the

696
AMPELIDEÆ. IV. VITIS.
ter.
grapes, there
London market is to be had in the highest degree of perfection 3 Black Grape from Tripoli. This is a free growing kind.
from March to January. Vines are grown at the same time on The berries are nearly all of a size, and are slightly undulated,
walls, unaided by fire-heat, and in favorable seasons the more some are without seeds, but when they are present small, com-
hardy sorts attain a tolerable degree of maturity, but they are pared to any other kind; they do not possess that fine, rich
of little value compared with those grown in vineries and hot- bloom that the Black Damascus does. It is, however, a month
houses. The uses of the grape in Britain are well known, in the earlier, and is an excellent, tender, rich grape.
dessert it ranks next to the pine-apple, and is by some pre- 4 Black Damascus or Worksop Manor Grape. A large, ex-
ferred to it. The leaves form an excellent garnish to other cellent, late grape, full of rich, vinous juice, but is not a good
table-fruits. Wine is sometimes made in England by expressing bearer. Imported from Damascus by Edward the ninth duke
and fermenting the juice, either alone or with that of other of Norfolk.
fruits; and it has even been made from a decoction of the 5 Black Lisbon, Black Spanish or Alicant, Black Portugal,
leaves, as well as from a decoction of the young shoots. Black Valentia or Black Prince. A large, juicy berried va-
In warmer climates it is not only used in the dessert, but eaten riety, received from Portugal.
with bread, either newly gathered or dried as raisins; and in 6 Black or Purple Frontignac, or Purple Constantia. Muscat
these countries from the fermented juice a wine is made supe- noir de Frontignac (Fr.). A large, mealy, rich, and vinous-
rior to all others for stimulating the stomach and exhilarating berried variety, which is much esteemed. It must be kept a
the spirits. The medical products of the vine are verjuice, long time before it becomes black, and then its rich flavour is
used as the juice of lemons; tartar, a gentle cathartic; vinegar, gone. Lang. p. t. 38. Excellent for a vinery.
used as a condiment; for extracting the virtues of other medi-
3
7 Blue or Violet Frontignac. Noir Précoce (Fr.). This is
cines; for counteracting the effects of vegetable poisons. Even the true old Frontignac. No grape will stand early forcing bet-
wine itself is given as a medicine in typhus fevers, in nervous The bunches are small, and separate easily.
disorders, in putrid sore-throat, and even in the plague. Martyn 8 Black Sweet-water. A small-berried variety, apt to crack,
says wine is the most grateful and efficacious cordial that can be and not much in repute on that account. It is an improper kind
furnished from the whole class of aromatics.
for a Pine stove. Lang. p. t. 51.
The varieties of the vine are exceedingly numerous, partly 9 Black Morocco. Le coeur raisin d'Afrique, Raisin de Maroc
from its antiquity, it having, as Professor Martyn remarks, been (Fr.). Berries tawny-coloured, of a high musky flavour. It is
cultivated since the time of Noah, and partly from the influence of not worth growing unless in large collections. The bunches are
the soils and climates in changing the qualities of
short and stinted.
being hardly two vineyards in France or Italy where the sorts, 10 Claret. Clarette rose (Fr.). Wine from white berries
though originally the same, remain long precisely alike, but may be coloured with the leaves of this sort. The berries are
chiefly, as far as respects this country, from the facility with small and black, and the juice of a blood-colour and harsh tasted.
which new sorts are produced from seed. Parkinson, in 1627, The leaves are beautifully veined in autumn. Lang. p. t. 47.
enumerates 23 varieties. Ray, in 1688, enumerates 12 sorts 11 Black Prince. The bunch and berries are large. It well
as then much in request. Rea, in 1702, adds 5 sorts to Ray's
Rea, in 1702, adds 5 sorts to Ray's deserves a place in a vinery, and ripens well on the open
wall. -
list. Switzer, in 1717, says, “It is to Lord Capel and Sir
“
Hook. p. 45.
William Temple that we are owing that collection of good 12 Turner's Hardy, Black Esper, and Hardy Blue. A very
grapes now so plenty in England ; the latter," he says, “ brought prolific, hardy grape. Aiton considers it one of the best we have
over the Chasselas, Parsley and Frontignac; and also the Am- for a wall.- Hort. trans. 3. 93.
boyna, Burgundy, Black Muscat, and Grisly Frontignac ; all 13 Black Corinth, Zante, Ascalon Currant. Berries small
highly approved varieties. The most valuable additions to the and sweet, generally without seeds, and is the sort which pro-
varieties have been procured by sowing the seeds of sorts duces the dried corinths or currants of the shops. From Ascalon
ripened in this country. Many varieties have been sent from in Palestine.—Lang. p. 46.
Spain, France, and Italy, so that the list of some British
nurserymen exceed 250 names. No successful attempt has been
** Grapes with long black berries.
made to class the numerous varieties of the vine either in France 14 Black Muscadel. An old variety from France. The
or England, as Duhamel did those of other fruits. M. Bosc berries are large, and have a pleasant taste.
and have a pleasant taste. It is a shewy, good
was employed to compare and class those collected at the Luxem- grape, and forms a handsome contrast, grafted on the white mus-
burg, but in 1809 he had only succeeded in figuring and de- cat of Alexandria, their habits of growth being in unison.
scribing 50 distinct sorts. In the catalogue published of the 15 Black Hamburg or Warner's Grape. An old variety.
Luxemburg collection by Hervey in 1802, the arrangement is, The berries are large, pleasant, and vinous. It is one of the best
1st, vines with black oval fruits 37 sorts ; 2nd, black round grapes we have, and a plentiful bearer. Excellent for a vinery.
fruits 98 sorts; 3rd, white oval fruits 44 sorts ; 4th, white round 16 Purple Hamburgh. Muscat violet (Fr.). The berries are
fruits 73 sorts ; 5th, grey or violet oval fruits 5 sorts; and 6th, large, pleasant, and vinous, of a very dark colour. It is a good
grey or violet round fruits 10 sorts, making 267 in all.
bearer.
A list of British grapes cultivated in nurseries, arranged old variety, originally from Burgundy, with hoary leaves. It is
17 Small Black Cluster, Auvernat, or Black Burgundy. An
according to the colour and shape of their berries.
a good wall fruit. The berries are small and pleasant.—Lang.
Grapes with round black berries.
1 Early Black or July Grape. Morillon noir hatif, or Raisin 18 Miller's Burgundy, Miller's Cluster, Meunier Grape, or
de la Madaleine (Fr.). An old variety from France, principally Miller's Grape. This variety was originated from seed by
esteemed for being early ripe, berries small.-Lang. P. t. 47. Miller about 1720. It is a hardy grape, and was used for making
f. 3.
wine at Painshill vineyard in 1750. The berries are middle-
2 Black Muscadine or Black Frankindale. Muscat noir (Fr.). sized and pleasant.
An approved variety, common on dwelling-houses about London. 19 Large Black Cluster. This variety was sent to Speechly
It is a good bearer; the leaves change to a fine scarlet and yellow from Portugal in 1740. The berries are middle-sized, rough,
colour in autumn.- Lang. p. t. 36. Excellent for a vinery. and harsh.-Lang. p. t. 42.
9
a
p. t. 41.
a

AMPELIDEÆ. IV. VITIS.
697
a
a
a
very rich
a
a
20 Black Raisin. Augibert noir (Fr.). This variety came **** Grapes with long, white, or green berries.
from Languedoc. The berries are large and thick skinned. The
same as the black Muscadel. Excellent for a late crop in a vinery. 35 White Muscat of Alexandria, Alexandria Frontignac,
21 Black or West's St. Peter's, or Black Lombardy, Black Muscat d'Alexandrie or Passe longue musquée (Fr.), some-
Palestine. The berries are large and juicy. It is an approved times called White Tokay in the northern counties. Bunch
late grape. Excellent for a late crop in a vinery, only requiring large, as well as berries, which are vinous, musky, and rich. It
more heat than other varieties.
is one of the richest grapes we have, and particularly well adapted
22 Black Cornichon. Cornichon noir, Dedos de Damas (Fr.). for vineries.—Duh. monc. fr. p. 270. t.5.
Pitzotella (Port.). A curious finger-shaped fruit.
It is a
36 Tottenham Park Muscat Grape. (Hort. trans. vol. 6. p.
worthless grape.
123). This variety was obtained from seeds of the Muscat of
23 Damson Grape. The succulent character of the leaves of Alexandria by Mr. Henry Burn, for which he received the silver
this variety is very remarkable. This grape, even when well medal of the Horticultural Society. It is a free grower, abun-
ripened, has an austere medlar-like flavour, which to some palates dant bearer, and its produce both in size of bunch and berry is
may be agreeable.
equal to the old Muscat, but of superior flavour.
37 White Muscat of Lunel. Bunch middle-sized. Berries
Grapes with round, white, or green berries.
large, rich, and vinous, a good bearer, and highly esteemed
grape.
24 Royal Muscadine, or White Portugal, Amber Muscadine, 38 White Morillon or Genuine Tokay. The berries are large
Chasselas blanc, D'Arboyce (Fr.). This variety is said to have
(
and juicy. A good grape; the bunches are much larger than
been introduced by Sir W. Temple in 1660. The bunch is large, that of blue Tokay. It is an abundant bearer, and of
the berries are middle-sized, rich, and vinous. It is one of the flavour; it has a thin, delicate skin, which renders it a bad pack-
best hardy grapes, and an excellent bearer, but is not so good in ing grape, which is the only fault it has. Leaves downy un-
flavour as the white Muscadine.
derneath.
25 Malmsey Muscadine or Parsley-leaved. Malvoisie musqué 39 Golden Galician. Berries large, and of tolerable flavour.
Ciotat, Raisin d'Austriche (Fr.). Vitis laciniòsa, species no. 2. 40 White Raisin, or White Hamburgh or Portugal. The ber-
p. 709. It is an old variety from France. The clusters are large,ries are large, with a thick skin and firm flesh.—Lang. p. t. 43.
the berries middle-sized, rich, and musky. It is a good bearer, 41 White Syrian. Bunch very large.
Bunch very large. Berries very large,
with fine leaves and fine fruit. Hort. trans. 4, t. 1.
with a thick skin and firm flesh. It is a good bearer, and the
26 Common White Muscadine, or Chasselas, or Early White largest of all both for bunches and berries. For a late grape no
Teneriffe Grape, Amber Muscadine, Chasselas musquée (Fr.). This moderate collection should be without it.
variety was introduced by Sir W. Temple in 1660. Both bunch 42 White Cornichon. Cornichon blanc, Doigt de Donzelle,
and berries are middle-sized and sugary. It is the best grape Zeta de Voca (Fr.). A curious pudding-shaped like berry, but
we have for a wall, and a great bearer. Not good for early not otherwise remarkable.Duh. monc. fr. p. 271. t. 6.
forcing.–Lang. p. t. 35.
43 Verdelho. Bunch small. Berries small, with a rich sac-
27 White Frontignac or White Constantia. Muscat blanc charine flavour. A hardy fruit, and fit for a common wall, but
(Fr.). The bunch is large, with exquisite berries. It is a much the stones eaten with the fruit prove deleterious. This is the
esteemed hot-house and vinery grape.—Lang. p. t. 37.
kind from which Madeira wine is made.-Hort. trans. 1, p.
28 White Sweet-water or Pearl-drop. Pareyl druyf (Dutch). 260.
This is a favourite Dutch grape. The clusters are middle-sized, 44 Amiens or Leon Native. A
A very hardy grape, and ripens
and the berries are large and sugary. Esteemed an excellent at Amiens in July.
grape.—Lang. p. t. 50. The kind called Stillward's Sweet- 45 Greek Grape. This is a good grape, but it does not keep
water is better than the old Dutch kind, as the bunches and many days after maturity. It is called in Durham and Northum-
berries are both larger. It is an improper kind for a pine berland Green chee.
stove, as its berries crack in a high humid atmosphere.
46 Cat's Grape. A more worthless grape cannot be ima-
29 White Corinth, White Ascalon, Yellow Stoneless, or Sultana gined.
raisin. Corinthe blanc (Fr.). This variety is from Ascalon in 47 White Grape from Alcobaca. It is much like the white
Palestine. The berries are small, often without seeds, with a Lombardy.
fine flesh, and an agreeable flavour. It is subject to decom-
position immediately after maturity.--Duh. monc. fr. p. 273. t. 7.
Grapes with red, rose-coloured, blue, greyish, or
30 Pitmaston new white cluster. Raised by Williams of Pit-
striped berries.
maston from seeds of the black cluster. The bunches are 48 Red Muscat of Alexandria. Muscat rouge (Fr.). This
crowded, and berries middle-sized. It is very hardy, and a great resembles the white Muscat except in colour. Bunch large and
bearer.-Hort, trans. 3. p. 249. t. 8.
long. Berries rich, musky, and vinous. A rich hot-house
31 Pitmaston Mignon white cluster. Originated at Pitmas- grape like the white Muscat of Alexandria. Excellent for a
ton, described in Hort. trans. The bunch is close, the berries vinery.-Duh. monc. fr. p. 268. t. 4.
.--
.
small, juicy, and sweet. It is very hardy, and a great bearer. 49 Red Muscadel. Bunch large. Berries large, with a plea-
32 Scotch white cluster. This variety was raised from seed sant juice. It is a shewy, good fruit, but does not keep well.
by a blacksmith at Edinburgh about 1812. The bunch is mid- The flavour is rather better than that of red Syracuse.
dle-sized and close, the berries are small, juicy, and sweet.
It 50 Red Frontignac. Muscat rouge de Frontignac (Fr.).
is a very hardy kind, and a great bearer.
Bunch middle-sized. Berries large, oval, and brick-coloured.
33 Scarlet-leaved black cluster. Originated from seed by It is an excellent keeping fruit, but not so good as the following
Williams of Pitmaston in 1816. The bunch is small, as well as
kind. Excellent for a vinery.
the berries, which are sugary. A hardy grape, remarkable for 51 Grizzly Frontignac. Muscat gris (Fr.). Bunch small.
the beauty of its leaves in autumn.
Berries round, brownish, red, and yellow-coloured, with an ex-
34 Kismush Grape.
Bunches small and well shouldered ; cellent flavour, and keeps well. Excellent for a vinery.
berries small, sweet, and juicy, of a pleasant flavour, free from 52 Red Hamburgh, or Hampton Court Vine, or Gibraltar.
seeds. -Hort. trans. 4. t. 4.
Originated by Warner of Rotherhithe about 1730. Bunch large.
4 U
a
-
VOL. I. PART VIII.

698
AMPELIDEÆ. IV. Vitis.
-
p. 140.
a
-
Berries large, globose, thin-skinned, rich, and vinous. Reckoned Tribe 2. Físsiles. Polominos (Span.). Branches prostrate,
the best of the Hamburgh grapes.
long, and tender. Leaves palmate
, with cordate recesses. Ber-
53 Giles's Seedling Hamburgh. A new variety raised from ries black, soft, and sweetish.
Warner's Hamburgh. The leaves are elegant, both as to form
7 fissiles ; berries rather pellucid. Polomino, comun. p.
and colour.
140.-8 Venatòrum ; berries very pellucid. Polomino bravio,
54 Red Parsley-leaved Muscadine. Ciotat rouge (Fr.). Ber-
ries middle-sized, red.
55 Aleppo, Striped Aleppo, or Party-coloured Grape. Ber-
Tribe 3. Pénsiles. Mantuos (Span.). Branches firm, white,
ries middle-sized, with juicy flesh, of a very fine flavour. It is
with long internodes. Leaves lobed or palmate. Berries firm
a curious grape, the berries frequently striped with black and
and sapid.
white. The berries are liable to decomposition soon after ma-
turity.
9 fallax ; leaves yellowish; berries roundish, of a deep green.
56 Red Syracuse. Bunch large. Berries large and oval, Mantuo Castellano, p. 141.-10 sylvatica ; branches slender;
with a thick skin. A coarse fruit as to flavour, but very shewy leaves deep-green, lower ones very large ; berries
green,
late.
and durable. It is a very vigorous kind.
Mantuo bravio, p. 143.-11 rubélla; berries red. Mantuo
57 Blue Tokay. Malvoisie (Fr.). Berries small and vinous, morado, p. 143.-12 pénsilis; leaves greenish-yellow; berries
powdered with a blue bloom ; the bunches about the size of large, very round, and very late. Mantuo de Pillas, p. 144.—
those of the black cluster. It is not good if kept after maturity. 13 confertissima; leaves very downy, yellowish-green; berries
It is a free bearer.
crowded, yellowish, late, with conspicuous veins. Mantuo Lae-
58 Red Smyrna. A very good grape, with a fine flavour. ren, p. 145.-14 pellucida; leaves yellowish-green; berries
59 Brick Grape, Lombardy, Flesh-coloured Tokay, or Red large, yellow, pellucid, with very conspicuous veins. Cordovi,
Rhenish. Berries small, sweet, of a brick-colour, but very
infe- p. 145.-15 Merlèti; leaves yellowish-green ; berries round,
rior in flavour to the other Tokay kinds. The brick grape
is green, late, never abortive. Fray Cusano de Miraflores, p. 146.
probably a distinct variety. Lang. p. t. 39.
-16 issophylla ; leaves deep-green ; racemes cylindrical ; ber-
60 Red Chasselas or Red Muscadine coral.
Chasselas rouge
ries much crowded, round, and yellow. Torrontes, p. 146.
(Fr.). Berries red, small, and round.
61 New Muscat of Jerusalem. Originated by Miller about
Tribe 4. Durácine. Jaenes (Span.). Branches rather erect,
1738. Bunch large. Berries very large, highly musky, vinous,
brittle. Peduncles woody. Berries crowded, firm, with very
and rich. Forsyth has seen the berries of this as large as a
thick skin.
gooseberry.
17 Stephàni; berries blackish. Jaen negro de Sevilla, p.
62 Variegated Chasselas. This variety was originated from
147.-18 Crescéncü ; berries very black. Jaen negro de Gre-
the Aleppo and Muscadine by Knight about 1811. Beautifully nada, p. 148.—19 Varrònis ; berries white. Jaen blanco, p.
variegated berries and leaves.--Hort. trans. 1. p. 258. t. 15.
149.
63 Chasselas Panaché or Striped Muscadine. Chasselas doré's
or Bar sur Aube blanc (Fr.). This is a French ornamental Tribe 5. Helvòlæ, Mollares (Span.). Branches tender.
grape, variegated both in the leaves and fruit.
Leaves large, roundish, nearly entire, or a little toothed, soft.
64 Elford's Seedling. Is a tolerable grape.
Berries large, round, very soft, and sapid.
The most elaborate descriptions of the varieties of the vine
which have yet appeared are contained in a Spanish work by
20 móllis ; berries black, sapid. Mollar negro, p. 151.-
Don de Roxas Clemente, Librarian to the botanical garden of 21 versicolor ; berries party-coloured. Mollar cano, p. 153.-
Madrid, which we shall give an outline of, more that it may
22 Duhameli; berries black, rather acid. Mollar negro bravio,
assist some individual in the classification of English grapes,
than for the description of the varieties he gives.
Tribe 6. Dápsiles. Albillos (Span.). Branches prostrate,
Spanish varieties of the vine grape, extracted from Ensayo long, tender. Leaves small, dark-green. Racemes rather cylin-
sobre las variedades de la vid comun que vegetan en Andalucia,
drical. Berries crowded, soft.
con un Indice etimologico y tres listas de plantas en que se carac-
23 racemosíssima ; peduncles woody; berries much crowded,
terizan varias especias nuevas, by Don de Roxas Clemente y
obovate, green, and very juicy. Albillo castellano, p. 154.-24
Rubio, Librarian to the royal botanic garden of Madrid. 8vo.
succosa ; berries black. Albillo negro, p. 155.—25 Lalénnæ ;
Madrid. 1807.
peduncles tender; berries crowded, green. De Lalenna, p. 556.
Sect. 1. Leaves tomentose.
-26 Beguillèti ; racemes small; berries much crowded, green,
Tribe 1. Forenses. Listanes (Span.). Branches prostrate,
and juicy. De Beguillet, p. 156.-27 Héppe ; leaves tomentose;
long, and tender. Leaves palmate, with the recesses cordate or
racemes middle-sized; berries much crowded, roundish, pale
subcordate. Berries round, firm, sweet, and early.
greenish-yellow, with conspicuous veins. Albillo pardo, p. 157.
.
—28 Herrèræ ; racemes large ; berries much crowded, round-
1 ubérrima ; branches smooth; recesses of leaves cordate; ish, pale greenish-yellow. Albillo de Huelba, p. 157.
racemes numerous; berries crowded, white, with a thin skin.
Listan, comun. p. 131. f. 5.—2 hyacinthina ; berries of a hya-
of Singular varieties of the same tribe.
cinth-red. Listan Morado, p. 136.-3 Antiliàna ; branches to- 29 válida ; branches firm; leaves large, tomentose; berries
mentose at the base ; racemes very few ; berries crowded, yel- round, much crowded, green, soft. Albillo loco, p. 158.—
lowish. Listan Landrenado, p. 136.—4 Ligèri; recesses of leaves 30 Lienwebèri ; branches brittle ; leaves middle-sized, tomen-
subcordate ; peduncles slender; berries much crowded, middle- tose; berries crowded, middle-sized, rather oblong, white, and
sized, white. Colgadera, p. 137.—5 Fuenteduénnæ ; recesses of soft. Albillo de Granada, p. 159.—31 acérba ; branches firm;
leaves subcordate; peduncles hard; berries very much crowded, leaves large, tomentose; berries much crowded, roundish, green,
middle-sized, white, with thickish skin. De Fuenteduenna, p. and acid. Verdaguilla, p. 160.-32 Millèri; branches firm;
138.6 Capàni; berries very black. Tempranillo, p. 138. leaves deep-green; berries oblong, green, soft, austere. Verdal,
-
p. 153.
-
1

AMPELIDEÆ. 699
. .
.
IV. Vitisp. 197.
-
3
p. 161.—33 impàtiens; branches erectish ; leaves large, green;
Sect. 2. Leaves pilose or nearly smooth.
berries much crowded, obovate, green, very juicy, with conspi-
Tribe 7. Ximenèciæ. Ximenecias (Span.). Branches erect
cuous veins. Abejera, p. 162.-34 lacrymòsa; leaves palmate,
and horizontal. Leaves acutely-sinuated, greenish-yellow, rather
greenish-yellow; racemes small; berries much crowded, rather
pilose. Berries rather crowded, middle-sized, white.
oblong, green, and very juicy. Lorona, p. 163.—35 anómala ;
tendrils opposite. Gallega, p. 163.-36 mollissima ; branches 61 Forsythii ; branches horizontal. Ximenez loco, p. 183.-
spotted with black at the base ; leaves nearly entire, when the 62 Ximenecia ; branches erect. Ximenez, p. 188.
fruit is mature they change to a red; berries black, middle-sized,
Tribe 8. Flaventes. Perrunos (Span.). Branches firm and
very juicy, and very crowded. Mollor de Cadiz, p. 164.-37 dul-
brittle. Leaves yellowish. Berries crowded, middle-sized,
císsima ; branches erect; leaves middle-sized, greenish-yellow;
roundish.
berries middle-sized, very round, white, and juicy. Malvasia,
p. 165.—38 Ximenezioùdes; branches brittle ; leaves palmate,
63 flava : branches very brittle; peduncles brittle ; berries
greenish-yellow ; berries few, middle-sized, rather oblong, white, firm, yellow. Perruno comun. p. 192.-64 Rozièri; branches
,
, .
soft, and very sweet. Ximenez Zumbon, p. 166.-39 Liebáulti; very brittle ; peduncles brittle; berries firm, black. Perruno
branches erect, reddish-brown, brittle; berries small, round, black. negro, p. 193.–65 Quintinea; branches brittle ; peduncles firm;
berries black, rather firm. Quintinea, p. 194.–66 Bernàla ;
Tintilla, p. 167.—40 maculàta; branches brittle ; leaves palmate ;
berries middle-sized, round, black, and very soft. Tinto,
soft. Tinto, p. 169.-
branches brittle ; berries black, soft. Bernala, p. 194.–67 fir-
41 Bretonnèria ; branches brittle ; leaves middle-sized, palmate;
míssima ; branches firm; leaves very hairy ; berries white, firm.
berries middle-sized, round, black, rather soft, of an austere-
Perruno duro, p. 195. f. 3.
sweetish taste, and with a thick skin. Romé, p. 170.–42 diver- Tribe 9. Prostràta. Vigiriegos (Span.). Branches pros-
sifòlia ; branches tender ; leaves palmate, and nearly entire ; trate, very tender. Leaves yellowish. Berries large, soft.
racemes small; berries much crowded, small, round, black.
68 prostràta ; berries roundish, greenish-white. Vigiriega
Garabatona, p. 171.-43 Valcarcèlia; branches short, tender ;
leaves middle-sized, palmate ; berries few, small, round, black,
comun, p. 196.—69 Catònis; berries black. Vigiriega negra, p.
197.—70 Bidèti; berries oblong, greenish-white. De Bidet,
soft, very sweet, and late. Morrastell, p. 172.—44 Virgiliàna ;
p
leaves greenish-yellow ; racemes small; berries obovate, black,
and very soft. Virgiliana, p. 173.—45 bullàta; branches ten- Tribe 10. Oxicárpe. Agraceras (Span.). Leaves deep-
der ; leaves large, blistered; berries crowded, large, roundish, green. Berries middle-sized, round, and large oblong, rather
white. Beva, p. 174.—46 Galàna ; leaves large ; berries rather acid.
crowded, middle-sized, roundish, white, and firm. Galana, p.
71 álbicans ; branches white, firm; racemes middle-sized
175.447 Dussieux ; branches tender; berries middle-sized,
berries middle-sized, black, late. Blanquecina, p. 198.—72 Sòti;
white, firm, very sapid, with a thin skin. Montuo Castellano, p.
branches white, firm ; racemes oblongish, large ; berries middle-
175.—48 picta; branches tender; leaves large ; berries crowded, sized, black, late. De Soto, p. 198.—73 vittàta ; berries black
middle-sized, obovate, hard, and very fleshy. Pecho de Perdiz,
or greyish-black. Melonera, p. 199.—74 florentīna ; peduncles
p. 176.49 bipartita ; branches tender ; leaves middle-sized,
very tender ; berries large, black. Agracera, p. 200.—75 Lan-
, —
greenish-yellow; berries few, middle-sized, rather oblong, glèya ; peduncles black, very flexile ; berries large, black. Lan-
,
; ,
white, rather firm, very sapid, and late, with a thin skin. Zu-
gleya, p. 201.
rumi, p. 177.—50 Columéllæ ; branches long, tender; leaves
obscurely green ; racemes large; berries rather crowded, large,
Tribe 11. Pergulànæ. Ferrares (Span.). Branches prostrate.
roundish, white, and firm. De Columela, p. 178.—51 prolifera ; Leaves greenish-yellow. Berries rather crowded, round, firm,
branches thick ; leaves acutely-sinuated, toothed; racemes small;
and sapid.
berries crowded, round, white, and soft. Sepa canasta, p. 179. 76 autumnàlis; branches tender ; berries large, blackish.
-52 Colònia ; berries few, large, roundish, white, soft, sub-
Ferrar comun. p. 202.—77 speciosa ; branches tender ; berries
acid, early. Colona, p. 179.—53 rotundifolia ; leaves somewhat large, white. Ferrar blanco, p. 202.—78 Jonèsia ; branches
orbicular, nearly entire, soft, greenish-yellow; racemes small; firm ; berries large, blackish. Jetubi loco. p. 203.—79 exqui-
. —
berries obovate, very soft. Fray Cusana de Mayna, p. 180.- sita ; berries middle-sized, obtuse, black. Coiona negra, p. 204.
54 subcompressa ; branches tender, compressed at the base ; –80 saccharàta ; berries middle-sized, umbilicate, black. Zu-
leaves large, cordately-sinuated, greenish-yellow; racemes cari, p. 204.—81 mellìta ; berries large, yellow. Melcecha,
small; berries very round, white, soft, and very sweet. Cien-
fuentes, p. 181.-55 aurantia ; branches very brittle; berries
middle-sized, much crowded, rather obovate, firm, austere, yel-
Tribe 12. Bumústi. Tetas de vaca (Span.).
Tetas de vaca (Span.). Berries large,
low. Doradilla, p. 181.-56 canina ; branches brittle ; leaves ovately-conical.
middle-sized, greenish-yellow; berries much crowded, middle- 82 sulcàta; berries umbilicate, rather furrowed, red. Leonada,
sized, round, yellow, firm, and austere. Montuo Perruno, p. 183. p. 207. f. 10, 11. 22.—83 exsúcca ; leaves rather pilose; berries
–57 paupérrima ; branches brittle, spotted at the base, with black. Corazon de Cabrito, p. 209.—84 Martinècii; berries
short internodes; leaves small, acuminately-toothed, yellow; rather yellow. Martinecia, p. 210.-85 longissima; berries
berries, few, middle-sized, round, white, firm, fleshy, and sweet. tapering to both ends, white. Santa Paula de Granada, p. 211.
Listan de Paxarete, p. 184.—58 frágilis; branches erect, shin- -86 macrobótrys ; leaves pilose, rather tomentose; berries
ing, firm ; leaves acutely-sinuated, greenish-yellow; racemes black. Caco de Tinaja, p. 213.
long; peduncles very brittle ; berries very few, unequal, round,
yellow, fleshy, austere, late. Heben, p. 184.-59 macrophylla ;
Tribe 13. Oleagineæ. Cabrieles (Span.). Leaves deep-green.
leaves large, with the tomentum deciduous; berries few, fleshy,
Berries middle-sized and large, oblong, firm, austere, or very
yellow, austere. Rabo de Baca, p. 185.—60 ignóbilis ; branches sapid.
tender ; leaves large, tomentose or pilose ; berries round, dirty- 87 rùbra ; branches whitish, striped longitudinally with red,
yellow, firm, austere. Rebazo, p. 186.
tender; berries black, middle-sized, and large. Cabriel, p. 214.-
-
p. 206.
-
-
-
-
4 U 2

700
AMPELIDEÆ. IV. Vitis.
;
a
a
-
a
88 Pliniana ; branches whitish, firm; berries middle-sized,
§ 1. Humiliòres. Stem shrubby, usually dwarf, with the nodes
black. Jetubi bueno, p. 216.-89 prædùra ; berries large, green.
of the branches approximate. Berries usually small and dense.
Ataubi, p. 216.-90 prægrándis; peduncles red; berries large,
red. Santa Paula de Xerez, p. 218.—91 Garidèli; peduncles
Sphærocárpæ. Berries globose.
green; berries large, black. Moravita, p. 218.-92 ovàta ; ber-
ries middle-sized, red. Arrobal, p. 219.
a Nóbiles. Grapes from which a generous wine is obtained.
Tribe 15. Dactylides. Datileras (Span.). Branches prostrate.
Berries oblong, firm, and sweet.
1 pusilla ; leaves 3-5-lobed, villous beneath ; bunches small,
dense; berries small, pellucid, with a thin, yellowish-green skin
93 Dactylus ; berries red. De Ragol, p. 220.94 ténera ;
which is dotted, and operculated, and with a juicy aromatic
leaves obscurely-green; berries middle-sized, black. Teta de
sweet flesh.
There are varieties of this with green, cream-
vaca negra, p. 220.–95 teretiúscula ; berries large, black. Teta
coloured, red, and black berries. Riesling, p. 144.—2 pere-
de negra, p. 221.–96 gracilis ; branches very short; racemes grìna ; leaves 3-5-lobed, pubescent beneath ; bunches middle-
short; berries few, white. Teta de vaca blanco, p. 221. – sized, pyramidal, and rather dense ; berries greenish-yellow,
97 exímia ; branches long; racemes large ; berries crowded,
covered with a greyish bloom with a thin skin, and aromatic
white. De Loxa, p. 222. f. 2.-98 lónga ; racemes slender ; sweet flesh. Walsch-Riesling, p. 145.3 xanthocarpa; leaves
berries very few, oblong, slender, white. Almunnecar, p. 223.-
3-lobed, villous beneath ; bunches small, dense; berries yel-
99 orchidea ; branches long; racemes small; berries crowded, lowish, pellucid, covered with white, pruinose dots, with a thin
yellow, very sweet. Boton de Gallo, p. 225.–100 jucúnda ;
skin and a sweet juicy flesh. There is a variety of this with
leaves greenish-yellow; berries black, very sweet. Boton de
greenish fruit. Gelber-Riesling, Ortlieber, Knakkerle, p. 145.
Gallo negra, p. 225.
--- 4 nàna; leaves 5-lobed, covered with white pubescence beneath;
Tribe 15. Apiàna Moscatelles (Span.). Berries musky.
bunches rather dense, branched ; berries green, covered with pru-
1
.
inose dots, with a thick skin and sweet flesh. Kleiner Gutedel, p.
101 generosa ; berries round, yellow. Muscatel melnudo
145.—5 Campàna; leaves slightly 3-lobed, flat, pubescent be-
blanco, p. 226.-102 moschàta ; berries round, red. Muscatel
neath; bunches small, dense; berries whitish-green, with a thin
melnudo morado, p. 227.-103 obovata ; berries obovate, violet. dotted skin, and sweet juicy pulp. This is the grape from which
Moscate gordo Morado, p. 228. f. 1.—104 Isodòri; berries ob-
champaigne is made. Champagner, Kleiner-Heinsch, p. 145.-6
ovate, rather yellow. Moscatelon, p. 229.
Burgundiaca ; leaves 3-5-lobed, villous beneath ; bunches small,
† Singular varieties of the same tribe.
dense; berries greenish-yellow, dotted, with a thin skin, covered
with a grey bloom, and with juicy, aromatic, sweet pulp. Weis-
105 Bouteloui ; berries large, subobovate, yellowish, rather ser Burgunder, p. 145.47 nicarina; leaves 5-lobed, scabrous
sweet. De Boutelou, p. 230.-106 Sáchsi; branches prostrate, beneath; bunches middle-sized, dense, oblong; berries greenish-
brittle ; leaves greenish-yellow; berries middle-sized, round, yellow, covered with a white bloom ; the skin is thin and dotted,
greenish-white, sweet. Vigiriego de Motril, p. 231.-107 vi-
and the pulp is green, juicy, and sweet. Futterling, p. 145.-
vax; branches erect; leaves yellowish-green; berries middle- 8 péndula ; leavés 3-lobed or entire, pubescent beneath ; bunches
sized, very round, dark-violet, sapid. Jami, p. 231.-108 Te- on long peduncles, dense ; berries unequal-sized, green, with a
ràna ; branches rather firm; leaves small, yellowish-green ; thick skin, covered with a white bloom, and with succulent
berries very crowded, middle-sized, very round, firm, and yel- sweet flesh. There is a variety of this with black berries.
low. Terana, p. 233.–109 sphærocarpa; branches rather firm; Hangling, p. 145,
leaves green, hardly pilose ; berries large, very round, white,
and sapid. Alban real, p. 234.—110 pseudoapidna ; leaves
B Plebèiæ. Grapes which produce bad and cheap wines.
greenish-yellow, hardly pilose; berries large, very round, green.
Muscatel de Flandes, p. 235.-111 Elisabeth ; branches firm; 9 crépitans ; leaves 3-5-lobed, covered with white villi be-
leaves rather pilose; berries large, round, white, soft, insipid. neath ; bunches loose, branched, oblong; berries on long pedi-
Santa Isabel, p. 236.—112 Vaòa; berries few, minute, oblong- cels, white, dotted, covered with a grey bloom ; skin thin and
ovate, blackish, firm, and acid. Vaoa, p. 236.—113 Ruízia ; leaves pulp pellucid, watery, and sweet. Weisser Rauschling, p. 146.
palmate ; berries few, middle-sized, roundish, black, and fleshy. -10°xanthoxylon ; leaves 3-5-lobed, villous beneath ; bunches
Ruizia, p. 237.-114 Zèæ ; branches very brittle ; leaves yel- dense ; berries on short pedicels, dotted, covered with a grey
lowish-green; berries middle-sized, party-coloured, soft, and bloom ; skin rather thick, and pulp red and sweet. Schwarzer
sapid. Molar de Granada, p. 237.—115 hirsuta ; branches rather Rauschling, Gelbholzer, p. 146.-11 pulverulenta ; leaves
erect, brittle ; leaves very hairy, yellowish ; berries very round, slightly 3-lobed, blistered, clothed beneath with white villi ;
yellow, soft. Cannocazo, p. 238.-116 regàlis ; leaves yellowish- bunches dense, oblong, middle-sized, nearly simple; berries
green; berries few, large, cylindrically subovate, white, rather blue, covered with a grey bloom ; the skin is thin and the pulp
firm. Uva de Rey, p. 239.-117 Palladii ; branches prostrate; is red. Blaue Mullertraube, p. 146.–12 Austriaca ; leaves
leaves yellowish ; berries much crowded, middle-sized, rather 3-lobed or nearly entire, hairy beneath ; bunches crowded ;
oblong, yellowish, firm, and rather acid. Ciuti, p. 240.- berries green, dotted, covered with a grey bloom ; skin thin;
118 Bucci; leaves yellowish; berries crowded, middle-sized, pulp watery, usually containing only 1 seed. Oesterreicher syl-
subcylindrical, yellowish, firm, and subacid. Casta de Ohanez, vaner, p. 146. There are varieties of this with red and black
p. 242.—119 Nievàsea ; berries few, large, oblong, red, subacid, berries.—13 acérba ; leaves 5-lobed, smooth ; bunches ovate,
sapid. Nievasea, p. 243.
middle-sized, dense, simple ; berries without dots, greyish-red,
with a thin skin, and red, juicy, acid, astringent pulp. Schle-
Descriptive List of the varieties of Vàtis Vinifera or Grape- hentraube, p. 146.–14 tinctòria ; leaves 5-lobed, hairy be-
vine, cultivated in the regions on the Rhine, by Professor Dierbach neath ; bunches crowded; berries blue, with a thick skin and
in Heidelberg, extracted from Schlecht. Linnæa, vol. 3. p. 142
p firm, acid, purple pulp, which stains the hands. Farbertraube,
to 152.
-
-
a
p. 146.

AMPELIDEÆ. IV. Vitis.
701
a
p. 147.
a
-
a
** Dactylides. Berries more or less oblong.
cream-coloured, dotted, covered with a white bloom ; skin thin ;
pulp juicy. Hammelchewanz, Lamberttraube, p. 149.—27 leucc-
-
a Nóbiles. Grapes from which good wines are obtained. phylla; leaves 5-lobed, covered with white hairs beneath ;
15 Clavennénsis ; leaves on long petioles, slightly 3-lobed, with
bunches large, flaccid ; berries red, covered with grey bloom ;
red teeth, pilose beneath ; bunches small, dense ; berries red,
skin thick; pulp firm, acid. Weislauber, Hudler, p. 149.-
covered with brownish bloom ; skin rather thick, and the pulp. large, rather dense; berries greenish-white, pellucid, with a
28 cathartica; leaves 3-lobed, pubescent beneath; bunches
juicy, aromatic, and sweet. There is a variety of this with black
berries and red pulp. Clavner, Rulander, Burgunder, p. 147.
thin skin and juicy, watery, acid pulp. There are varieties of
this with cream-coloured and red berries. The wine obtained
-16 Tyrolénsis; leaves on short petioles, slightly 3-lobed ;
bunches small, broad, branched, dense ; berries pruinose, red,
from this grape is cathartic in a strong degree as well as the
berries, Heinisch, p. 149.-29 albuelis ; leaves 3-lobed, on
with a thin skin, and juicy, aromatic, sweet pulp. Traminer,
short petioles; bunches large, dense, pyramidal ; berries white,
dotted, pruinose, with a thin skin and juicy watery pulp. There
ß Plebèiæ, Grapes from which cheap wines are obtained.
.
are varieties of this with larger and smaller berries, cream-
coloured, red, and black. Alben, Elbling, p. 149.
17 præ'cox; leaves on long petioles, 3-lobed, or entire, rather
3
pubescent beneath ; bunches small, crowded ; berries blue,
Dactylides. Berries more or less oblong.
covered with a grey frosted bloom ; skin thick; pulp firm and a Nóbiles. Grapes from which pleasant wines are obtained.
acid. Jacobstraube, p. 146.–18 Omphacina; leaves 5-lobed,
30 Malvática ; leaves rather hairy beneath ; bunches large,
smooth ; bunches elongated, flaccid ; berries cream-coloured,
dotted, covered with a white bloom, with a thick skin, and firm
rather dense , berries green, dotted, pruinose, with a thin skin,
acid pulp. Sauertraube, Verjus, p. 147.
and juicy, savoury pulp. There are varieties of this with white
and black berries. Malvasier, Seidentraube, p. 150.—31 Rhoe'-
y Apyrène. Berries without seeds.
tica; leaves on long petioles, 5-lobed, villous beneath ; bunches
19 Corinthiaca ; leaves slightly 3-lobed, villous beneath ;
dense, large; berries unequal, flesh-coloured, covered with
bunches middle-sized, rather flaccid ; berries cream-coloured,
grey bloom ; skin thick ; pulp firm, sweet, and savoury. There
are varieties of this with white and green berries. Fleischtraube,
covered with white bloom ; skin thin, pulp succulent and sweet.
Valteliner, p. 150.
Rosinentraube, Corinthe, p. 147.
ß Plebèiæ. Grapes from which bad wines are obtained.
§ 2. Elatiores. Trunk shrubby, tall and climbing, or arbo-
reous and erect, with the internodes of the branches elongated.
32 Francónica; leaves on long petioles, 3-lobed, pubescent
Bunches usually large, and flaccid.,
beneath ; bunches large, flaccid, on long peduncles; berries
green, dotted, pruinose, with a thick skin, and juicy, sweetish
1 Fruticosce. Stems tall.
pulp. Franken, p. 150.—33 callosa; leaves slightly 3-lobed,
on long stalks, rough beneath ; berries green, pruinose, with a
* Sphærocarpa, Berries globose.
.
callose skin, and firm, sweetish pulp. There is a variety of
this with red berries.
a Nóbiles. Grapes from which excellent wines are obtained.
Hartheinsch, p. 150.--34 rostràta ;
leaves 3-5-lobed, on long stalks, pubescent beneath; berries
20 Aminea ; leaves 5-lobed, smooth, or pubescent beneath ;
acuminated, very long, green, pruinose, with a thick skin and
bunches large, flaccid ; berries greenish-yellow, dotted with
brown, and covered with white bloom ; skin thin ; pulp pellu- walscher, Vogelschnabel
, p. 150.
acid pulp. There is a variety of this with blue berries. Spitz-
,
cid, juicy, sweet, and very savoury. There are varieties of this
with smaller white and red berries. Gruner oder weisser Gutedel,
2 Arborescentes. Stems gigantic.
p. 148.-21 æstivàlis; leaves 5-lobed, pubescent on the nerves
beneath; bunches early, large, flaccid ; branches thin ; berries
* Sphærocárpæ. Berries globose.
large, dotted, whitish-green, covered with grey bloom ; skin
a Nóbilis. Grapes from which excellent wines are obtained.
thin; pulp juicy and savoury. Fruher Gutedel, Perltraube, p.
148.—22 rùbra ; leaves 5-lobed, coloured ; bunches large, 35 A piana ; leaves 3-5-lobed, rather pilose beneath; bunches
flaccid ; berries purple, covered with a grey bloom ; skin thin, large, dense; berries cream-coloured, dotted, pruinose, with a
pulp red and savoury. Rother Gutedel, Konigs-gutedel, p. 148. thick skin, and a peculiar musky firm pulp, resembling the ber-
-23 durácina; leaves 5-lobed, smoothish; bunches large, ries of the black-currant. There are varieties of this with red,
flaccid ; berries greenish-yellow, dotted with brown, covered blue, and black berries. Muscateller, p. 151.
with white bloom; skin thick; pulp firm, fragile, and very
savoury. There is a variety of this with deeply jagged leaves,
B Plebeia. Grapes from which bad wines are obtained.
and loose bunches. Krachgutedel, p. 148.–24 Lugidna; leaves 36 microcarpa ; leaves 5-lobed, on long petioles, smoothish;
5-lobed, smooth; bunches large, rather dense; berries green, bunches large, pyramidal, branched, flaccid ; berries large,
dotted, covered with grey bloom; skin thin; pulp juicy and black, covered with grey bloom ; skin thick; pulp firm and
savoury. Lugiane, p. 149.
sweet. There is a variety of this with red berries. Trollinger,
Schwarzer-gutedel, Malvasier, p. 151.-37 Chenopodea ; leaves
ß Plebèiæ. Grapes from which bad and cheap wines are
5-lobed, smooth ; bunches large, rather dense, pyramidal, on
obtained.
long peduncles, much branched ; berries middle-sized, blue,
25 màsera ; leaves on long petioles, slightly 3-lobed, clothed covered with grey bloom ; skin thick ; pulp reddish, of a sweet-
with white villi; bunches large, pyramidal, flaccid, branched; ish-acid flavour. Gansfussler, p. 151.
berries large, greenish-yellow, dotted, covered with white bloom;
* * Dactylides. Berries more or less oblong.
skin thin ; pulp yellow, watery. Elender, Putzcheere, Tokayer,
p. 149.-26 caudàta ; leaves on long petioles, 5-lobed, woolly 38 Aureliāna ; leaves 3-lobed, on long stalks, hispid beneath ;
beneath ; bunches large, tapering into a tail, flaccid ; berries bunches early, very dense; berries cream-coloured, pellucid,

702
AMPELIDEÆ. IV. Vitis.
a
-
-
-
a
pruinose, with a thick skin, and firm, sweet, savoury pulp. it may be of that insipid large-berried kind, which is fit only
There are varieties of this with white and green berries. Or- to make the most inferior wines. In most vine countries, a
leans, Seidentraube, p. 151.- 39 Africana ; leaves 5-lobed, to-
p
small black berry, with an austere taste and aromatic flavour,
mentose beneath ; bunches large, faccid ; berries very long, and in a close bunch like that of our black cluster, is preferred
blue, covered with a grey bloom ; skin thick ; pulp rather acid. to all others. It may be observed that vines raised from the
Marokkaner, p. 151.-40 Damascèna ; leaves 3-lobed, pubes- seeds of black-berried kinds do not produce always black berries,
cent beneath ; bunches large, branched, flaccid ; berries large, nor the white-berried white berries.
blue, covered with grey bloom, with a thick skin, and sweet, By layers.—The advantage of layers is generally stated to
savoury pulp at maturity. There are varieties of this with be that of procuring large plants, that come immediately into
cream-coloured and white berries. Damascenertraube, Zibebe, bearing. A deep incision is made at a joint, or a ring of bark
p. 151.–41 Alexandrina ; leaves 5.-lobed, smoothish; bunches is taken off, and the shoot pegged down and covered with earth.
large, flaccid, branched ; berries unequal, greenish-yellow, co- However, vine plants raised from layers are supposed to be
vered with white bloom; skin thin ; pulp very savoury and shorter lived and far inferior to those raised from cuttings.
aromatic. Zibeben-Muskateller, p. 152.
p
.
By cuttings.—The advantage of propagating by cuttings is eco-
Propagation. The vine is propagated from seeds, layers, cut- nomy in labour. There are three kinds of cuttings used : 1 Long
tings, grafting, and budding. By seeds for the sake of obtaining cuttings, from a foot to a foot and a half in length, consisting of
new varieties, by layers to obtain strong shewy plants the first new or young wood, with a joint or two of that of the preceding
year ; by cuttings for economy in management, and to get plants year. This is the sort recommended by Miller, adopted in form-
with tops proportioned to their roots; and by grafting and bud- ing vineyards on the Continent, and formerly used in this country
ding for various useful and curious
purposes.
for planting walls and vineries. They are inserted in the earth
By seed.--Select seed from the finest and best ripened berries, so as only to leave two eyes above ground, with the earth firmly
of approved sorts, if the object be to propagate an esteemed pressed round them, they are mulched, and water is supplied
variety, or to procure a subvariety of an esteemed sort. But if regularly in dry weather. They strike freely in this way,
the object be to procure an entirely new variety, the first object either with or without bottom heat. In France they will even
is to bring two or more sorts close together when in flower, so produce bunches of grapes the first year. 2 Short cuttings are
as that the pollen may effect a promiscuous impregnation, or by formed with only one eye on the young wood, and 2 inches of that
cutting out with small scissors the stamens from the flowers in- of the preceding year attached, plant in pots, one cutting in each,
tended for the female parent before the anthers burst, and in- at first in 48-sized pots, and as soon as these pots are full of
troducing the pollen of the variety intended for the male parent roots shift them into 32-sized pots. 3 Single-eyed cuttings ;
by dusting the stigma with the ripe anthers. This last is the for this last method ripened wood should always be chosen at
most certain and effectual method, because the pollen of the the pruning season, and preserve the shoot till wanted in spring
stranger plant, operating alone, must have more in uence on the by covering their lower ends with earth. The upper part of the
progeny than when operating in conjunction with that of the cutting should be cut in a sloping direction with a sharp knife
blossoms to be crossed. The object of this should be to obtain a about a quarter of an inch above the eye, and cut about 5 inches
superior variety in every particular, therefore particular attention below the eye horizontally, or they may be cut horizontally or
should be paid both to the kind impregnated and to the kind im- slopingly at both ends at equal distances from the bud. Plant
pregnating. Were the Red Frontignac and White Sweet-water in pots, and bury the whole cutting in the soil, with the eye
wedded together, their union would probably produce a very uppermost ; apply bottom heat as in propagating short cuttings.
valuable sort, as there would be a good chance of the berries being By grafting.—The advantages of this mode of propagation
both large and delicate. Grapes for seed should be permitted
Grapes for seed should be permitted is when a wall or vinery is planted with inferior sorts of vines, the
to remain on the plant until they are perfectly mature, and until nature of the vines may be changed without loss of time and
the seeds become of a dark brown. The seeds should be separ- without expence; or in small vineries where it would be incon-
ated from the pulp and preserved till February or March. They venient to have a number of sorts from different roots, they may
should then be sown in pots filled with light earth, plunged in be procured by grafting different kinds on one and the same
a moderate hot-bed, and the plants will come up in about a plant. But the most important advantage, Speechly considers,
month; and when the plants are about 6 inches high, they should is by grafting the weak and delicate growing vines, as the Blue
be planted singly into 48-sized pots, and shifted into larger pots Frontignac upon robust and vigorous kinds, as the Syrian.
from time to time as they grow. Water gently as circumstances The Syrian, raised from seed, is greatly preferable to all others
require, give plenty of light and air, and in the following autumn for stocks. If the seedlings degenerate to a kind of wildness, so
cut the plants down to within two buds of the ground, and suffer much the greater will be the vigour of the plants and the higher
only one of these to extend itself in the spring. They will pro- the flavour of the sorts grafted on them. At the pruning season
duce fruit in 4 or 5 years, when the approved sorts should select cuttings for grafts, preferring the bottom part of the last
be selected and the others destroyed, or be kept for stocks to year's shoots, preserve them by inserting three parts of their length
graft or inarch good sorts upon. Forsyth and some other in pots filled with earth till wanted. The season for grafting in
authors recommend planting seedling vines the second year of stoves is the beginning of January, in the open air the beginning
their growth against a wall in the open air. Where there is of March. On small stocks, not more than an inch in diameter,
abundance of walling to spare and no great haste requisite to cleft-grafting will be found the most proper, but upon larger
prove the fruit, this is a good mode, as the fruit is sure of grow- stocks whip-grafting is to be preferred. Vine grafts do not
ing larger, and give a better opportunity of judging of their take so freely as those of most other fruits; the operation must
merits ; but keeping the plants under glass in pots is the most be performed with the greatest care.
But the most eligible
eligible method, as the plants will produce fruit much sooner, manner of grafting vines is that by approach, in which case
and of better flavour. It would not, however, be prudent to either the stock or scion must be growing in a pot. Strong
plant out seedlings in a vinery in their untried state. The fruit plants, 2 years potted, are to be preferred for the open air,
of seedlings is not even always such as would be advisable to but for a vinery or hot-house, plants from the nursery may be
introduce into a vineyard; for although it may not have the potted or shifted and inarched the same season. Here the clay
sweetness, flavour, bulk, or precocity desired in an eating grape, and bandage should remain 2 or 3 months after the grafts have
-

AMPELIDEÆ. IV. Vitis.
703
a
a
-
formed a union, lest the grafted part spring from the stock. he plants at once where they are to remain, as practised in
But in whip or cleft-grafting the clay may be taken off when the France. Mr. Neill, Edinb. encyc. art. hort. details a speedy mode
scion has made shoots 5 or 6 inches long.
of storing a new grape-house. However, this mode can only be
Culture of the vinery.—On the culture of so important a fruit as practised where a vinery exists previously, or where there is a
the vine, it is not surprising that there should be a great variety friend's vinery in the neighbourhood. In the end of June or
of opinions. We shall only give those of modern British gardeners. the beginning of July, when the vines have made shoots 10 or
Soil.–Speechly, late gardener at Welbeck, made use of the 12 feet long, and about the time of the fruit setting, select any
following compost. One-fourth part of garden mould (strong supernumerary shoots, bend them down so as to make them a
loam); one-fourth of the turf from a pasture where the soil double or flexure, into a pot filled with earth, taking care that a
is sandy loam ; one-fourth of the sweepings and scrapings portion of last year's wood, containing a joint, pass into the soil
of
pavements and hard roads; one eighth of rotten cow and in the pot; keep them each in a wet state, and at the same
stable-yard dung mixed, and one eighth of vegetable mould time maintain a moist warm air in the house, and in a week or
from decayed leaves, turned over and broken with the spade; 10 days roots will be seen proceeding from the joint. The layer
then
put
it to the other materials and work the whole well toge- may now be safely detached. Very frequently it contains 1 or
ther.—Treat. on the vine, p. 25. He also covers his vine beds 2 bunches of grapes, which continue to grow and come to per-
with a coat of gravel 2 inches thick. Abercrombie recommends fection. A new grape-house may be furnished in this way with
“ of top spit sandy loam from an upland pasture, one-third part; plants in 3 months as by the usual method in 3 years; for in
unexhausted brown loam from the garden one-third part ; the second year they will yield a good crop of grapes, but they
scrapings of roads free from clay one sixth part; vegetable should be allowed only to bear a moderate crop the first year,
mould or old tan reduced to earth, or rotten stable-dung, one- for if allowed to bear a full crop the first year, the plants would
eighth part.” The borders he recommends “to be from 3 to 5 necessarily show their exhausted state by barrenness the follow-
feet in depth, and where practicable, not less than 4 feet wide in ing year. A mode of more general utility is to select the plants
surface within the house, communicating with a border outside in the nursery a year before wanted, and to order them to be
the building of not less than 10 feet wide.” M'Phail gives the potted into rather large pots, baskets, or tubs, filled with richish
,
following directions: “To make a suitable border where it is earth and plunged into a tan bed. They will thus make shoots,
required for the grape-vine, provide a large quantity of earth of which, the first year after their final destination will, under
a loamy nature, that from arable land or from a ridge, in which a ordinary circumstances, produce fruit.
hedge-row, or hazel, maple, &c. have grown many years and have Planting.–Vines are commonly trained against a back wall
been grubbed; or a spit deep from the surface of a common, long or a trellis under the glass roof. In the first case, the plants
pastured, or from the head or end lands of a corn-field. For are always planted in the inside of the house; but in the latter,
forcing vines do best in a strong deep loam, not destitute of a there are two opinions among practical men, one in favour of
mixture of sand and well manured with rotten dung, on a dry planting outside, and the other inside the parapet wall. Where
bottom of hard clay.” Nicol says, “ the average depth of a the vines are to be drawn out when in a dormant state, as is
border should not be less than a yard, if 4 feet so much the generally the case with those trained under the rafters in pineries,
better. "The border should not be narrower outside and inside outside planting must be adopted; but for vineries, where this
of the house than 30 feet. The soil should be thus composed :
The soil should be thus composed: practice is not requisite, it seems preferable to plant them inside.
one half strong hazelly loam, one fourth light sandy earth, an
Abercrombie says,
“ let them be carefully turned out of the
eighth part of vegetable mould or decayed tree-leaves, and an pots, reducing the ball a little, and singling out the matted
eighth part of rotten dung; to which may be added a moderate
Then place them in the pits, just as deep in the earth as
quantity of lime or shell marl. These articles should be well they were before, carefully spreading the roots, and filling them
mixed before planting.' Wm. Griffin, who has received the
up with vegetable mould or light earth. Settle all with a little
medal of the Horticultural Society for his skill in cultivating water, and let them have plenty of free air every day, defending
vines at Woodhall in Hertfordshire, forms his vine borders as them from severe frost and wet till they begin to push young
follows. After being
After being completely drained, the whole bottom is shoots." D. Judd (hort, trans. 4. p. 4.). The vines being reared
covered with brick, stone, or lime rubbish about 6 inches thick, from eyes in March, cut them down to one eye the following
and on this is laid a compost of " half good loamy soil with its March, put them into bottom heat, there to stand until they pro-
turf, one quarter of rich solid old dung, and one quarter of brick duce shoots 2 feet long, afterwards harden them in the green-house,
and lime-rubbish, the turf well rotted, and the whole well in- where a temperature of 60 degrees is kept; there to remain until
corporated." Hort. trans. vol. 4. p. 100. D. Judd (Hort. they grow 2 feet longer. Holes are made in the border in the
trans. vol. 4. p. 4.) uses the following compost : half of rich beginning of May, and about a barrowfull of old rotten tan put
gritty loam from a common ; a quarter of rich old dung ; in each hole, in the middle of which the balls are placed, after
and a quarter of lime-rubbish and leaf-mould mixed together. having been treated as follows: the leaves are cut from the lower
.
These materials were kept separate and frequently turned during part of the stem 21 feet of its length; the end of the shoot is
winter, and when afterwards mixed, were not sifted, but laid on then drawn through the hole in the wall, the ball is placed 2
a prepared bottom to a depth of 3 feet. He
He says he does not feet distant from the wall on its side, so that the stem will lie
use so much dung as is usually done, because though the vine in a horizontal position, about 6 inches below the level of the sur-
will bear an extraordinary quantity of manure, yet its growth is face of the border, and that part of the stem which is to be co-
thereby retarded, especially when young. He recommends the vered with earth is slit or tongued at every eye, to the centre of
addition of old tan, from having experienced (with Speechly, the joint. This being done, the stem is covered with old tan, and
Mitchell, and others) that the vine will root in that more freely abundance of roots will be produced from every eye so slit.
than in any other substance.
After the roots had issued from the slits, it was surprising the
Choice of plants.—Those raised from eyes and have been progress the shoots made, under Judd's management they were
properly trained to a single shoot the second year after having from 25 to 30 feet long, and proportionate in strength.
been struck are preferred; but where plants have to be sent Season of planting.–Plants that are in pots may be planted
from a great distance, Justice prefers cuttings to plants contain- at any time of the year, but the autumn and spring months are
ing an inch or two of the old wood and 12 of the new; these preferred.
a
roots.
.

704
AMPELIDEÆ. IV. Vitis.
-
a
Distance.-This must depend entirely on the kind of vine of arched hanging trellises in certain vineries of Scotland,
planted. Speechly recommends 6 feet between each plant for which he considers a superior plan to training vines on the
the weak and delicate kinds, and 12 for the more robust, on a rafter, or to one or more wires, that while it admits air to the
wall or trellis 12 feet high. At first temporary plants may be house it increases the space for training considerably. He
introduced between them ; these should have been grown in thinks the plan capable of further improvement, and that the
large pots 2 or 3 years previous, so as to come immediately into principle might be extended to peach-houses, in which case the
bearing, and to be trained so as to occupy the upper part of the trellis would
require to be somewhat differently constructed.
wall, while the permanent plants are furnishing it below.
Mr. Beattie (Hort. trans. vol. 5. p. 495.) gives an account of
Pruning and training.-Each author lays much stress on his training his vine-trees in a vinery at Scone in Perthshire. To
own mode of pruning and training; but as M'Phail observes, good enlarge the surface to the utmost he has erected a trellis under
crops depend more upon management, soil, and climate, than upon each rafter, and from these the vines are trained along the
any method of pruning or training that ever can be adopted. The back wall horizontally, not exactly to the top of the house, but
long or new method of pruning has been adopted, and reduced so as to allow the free admission of air and sun to the trellis, as
to a regular system by J. Mearns of Shobben-court, Hertford- well as to the back wall, this method gives a great extent of sur-
shire. The vines are planted in the inside of the house at 21 face. The vines are planted in the inside of the house, and the
feet apart, nearly close to the front wall
, and are headed down glasses are never taken off, but are ventilated by means of a
to within a foot of the soil, one shoot only is allowed to proceed ventilator at the top of each sash, and he has always had large
from each plant, which at the end of the first season is cut down crops of grapes.
to the second or third eye; next year two leading shoots are Summer pruning depends generally on the necessity of admit-
encouraged, the strongest of which is stopped when it has grown ting light and air to the fruit and
ting light and air to the fruit and young wood ; and particularly
three or four joints beyond the middle of the roof, and the on the sort of winter pruning to be adopted. The gardener
weaker after having grown 3 or 4 feet, for the purpose of must therefore have a predestinating eye to the following season.
strengthening the eyes. At the fall of the leaf, the leading “ Whatever methods of pruning are used,” M‘Phail remarks,
shoots are reduced, the main one to the length of the middle of “ the grape-vine, through the whole course of the growing sea-
the roof, and the lower one to the third eye. In the third sea- son, requires constant attendance, so as not to suffer the plant to
son, one leading shoot is trained from each shoot, and fruit- be crowded in any part with superfluous branches or leaves, and
bearing side shoots are produced, and no side shoot is allowed no more fruit ought to be suffered to dwell on the plant than it is
to proceed from the spur, The leading shoot from which is to well able to bring to perfection. The berries also on each bunch
become the bearing shoot next year. Thus in the autumn of the should be thinned, so that they may have room to swell, without
third season, the lower part of the house is furnished with a pressing too hard upon each other. M'Phail and Abercrombie
crop of grapes from a shoot proceeding from the wood of the agree in directing, that " as the shoots advance on newly planted
preceding year; and parallel to this bearing shoot, is a young vines, they must be kept regularly fastened to the rafters.
shoot for next year's crop. In winter, the shoot from the ex- Divest them of their tendrils, and also take off their lateral
tremity of the bearing branch is cut off at the top of the roof, or shoots as they appear. Vines may in general be allowed to ex-
within a few inches of it, and the shoot from the stem is cut tend 25 or 30 feet before they are stopped. Stop the shoots by
down to the middle of the root, and all the spurs which had pinching off their tops, after this 2 or 3 lateral shoots will come
borne grapes are cut out. Each vine is now furnished with 2 out near the top, let these extend 12 inches, then pinch off their
shoots of bearing wood, a part of old barren wood, and a spur tops; these again will send out lateral shoots, which should be
for producing a young shoot the following year. In the fourth stopped at the second joint. In the second season, as soon as the
summer a full crop is produced both in the upper and lower shoots are half a span long, the rudiments of the flower-bunches
part of the house, the longer shoot bearing on the upper part of will be perceptible. Having thus ascertained the most pro-
its length, and the shorter one its whole length ; a leading shoot mising shoots, divest the vines of supernumerary branches as
is produced from the short shoot and another from the spur. they rise. On the leading shoots preserve the best laterals 3, 4
In the pruning season of the fourth year the centre shoot is or 5 feet distance, according to the strength of the plant. Train
entirely removed and replaced by the side shoot, and this side the shoots retained on each side the rafter, tying them with matt-
shoot is supplanted by a shoot from the spur in its turn, while a ing to the trellis. Pinch off the bearing laterals at the second
spur is prepared to succeed it. J. Mearns has followed this joint above the fruit, leaving only one or two bunches of fruit
system since 1806, and has had abundant crops and large
on each.
Rub off water-shoots from the older wood. Pinch off
bunches, and he considers that it may be continued for any inferior laterals and tendrils. After selecting the shoots to be
length of time.
trained for the production of a crop next season, and others
M‘Phail describes three modes of pruning. The first he calls necessary for filling the trellis from the bottom, which shoots
the old method, the general shape of the plant when pruned should generally be laid in at the distance of 1 foot or 15 inches
being that of a trained peach. The second is what is called from each other; rub off all the others that have no clusters.
spur pruning, which is to head down the natural leader, so as to For this purpose go over the plants every 3 or 4 days, till all
cause it to throw out 2 or 3 or more principal shoots; these are the shoots in fruit have shown their clusters, and shorten those
trained as leading branches ; laterals from these are cultivated one joint above the uppermost cluster, at the same time rub off
about 12 inches apart, as mother bearers, those in fruit are all water-shoots that may rise from the old wood. Train in the
stopped, and after the fall of the leaf are cut into one or two shoots to be retained, using fresh matting, and allowing sufficient
eyes. The third is the long or new method described above. room for the shoots to swell. The spurs or short shoots on
J. Seton, of Stamford-hill, plants his vines at the front and ends which the clusters are placed will probably push again after
of the house, and trains the leading branches horizontally along being stopped, if so stop them again and again.
long rods, and spurs are left annually on the old wood to Hayward (Hort. trans. 1. p. 172.) takes off all collaterals as
produce fruit, and when these leading branches have reached the they arise, and any shoots, although laid in for fruit, that turn
end of the house, they are then returned to the end from which out unproductive, that the whole strength of the tree may be
they proceeded.
properly applied.
Mr. W. Smith (Hort. trans. 6. p. 522.) gives a description
.
J. Mearns (Hort. trans. 4. p. 225.) stops the bearing
a

AMPELIDEÆ. IV. Vitis.
705
-
branches at the bunch instead of the next joint, the usual prac- have a great number of obstacles and discouraging contingencies
tice. He also blinds all the eyes on each fruit-spur as soon as to intercept final success, from the adverse state of the weather.
they push, except the uppermost, which he retains to draw
up
the Gardeners, however, who work a number of houses, and who
sap to nourish the fruit
, however he never suffers eyes to push have to provide as well as they can against demands for grapes
above a joint or two, he pinches them back, and he is always in early succession, begin to force about the 21st of December,
particularly cautious not to injure the leaf accompanying the and successively, in other houses, the 1st of January, the 1st of
bunch, for if that is lost the fruit of course will come to nothing. February, and so on. Attempts are made to lay forward for a
Thinning the leaves and fruit.—The fruit clusters should be re- crop in March by beginning to force in August; ripe grapes
gularly thinned out with narrow-pointed scissars, in order to allow may be cut in 5 months or less, but when short days compose the
those berries left room to swell. This must entirely depend upon third part of the course in about 6 months.—Abercrombie. M'Phail
the kind so thinned. Cutting off the clusters, to a certain extent, considers the month of February to be the best time to begin to
of plants overloaded, and pushing weak wood, is the only means force, if grapes be not wanted very early. To begin to force in
to cause them to produce shoots fit to bear fruit next year, and August, M-Phail says, it would not be adviseable, unless you
this should be duly attended to so long as the future plants are have several vineries, for there are many things which might
a matter of importance. The leaves should be thinned in order reasonably be urged against the probability of success; however,
to admit air and light among the berries, always however taking by custom, vines may be brought, as it were naturally, to shoot
care the leaf accompanying the bunch of fruit be retained un- in the autumn, and their fruit may be set before the shortest
injured.
days; the greatest art will then be to preserve them through
Remedies for bleeding.--If pruning has been timely, the vine the dead of winter in a lively growing state. This can be
is not liable to bleed. But if the sap rises before the wound is done only by much attention in making gentle fires, and
healed bleeding ensues, and is not easily stopped. This of course admitting an easy circulation of fresh air into the house every
retards the plant; but the consequences are not so disastrous as favourable opportunity. On the supposition that the earliest
many seem to apprehend. The following remedies rank among crop
of
grapes were over by the end of June, and the glasses
the best: Sear and cover the wound with melted wax, or with laid aside, and if it is desirable to have grapes early, prune your
warm pitch spread over a piece of bladder; or peel off the out- vines in August, and put your house in order ; and if it is neces-
side bark to some distance from the place, and then press into sary, dig and manure your border, and if dry give it a good
the pores of the wood a composition of pounded chalk and tar, watering with dung-water. When this is done, draw on the
mixed to the consistence of putty.—Abercrombie. However the lights, and keep the air in the house to a moderate degree of
best preventative is not to prune till the wood is thoroughly ripe heat, and they will shoot out and shew fruit; treat them as before
in autumn, for plants pruned too late in spring, and forced too directed. Speechly begins to force in November to have grapes
soon afterwards, will bleed. But when the vine is in full leaf it in April. Griffin (Hort. trans. 4. p. 106.) begins early in Ja-
is not liable to bleed; therefore the largest branches may be cut nuary; no fire is used the first week, in the second a little fire is
off during the growing season with perfect safety. Mr. Knight
Mr. Knight given every other night, the third week the heat is kept up to
(Hort. trans. vol. 1.) recommends four parts of scraped cheese to 50 or 52 degrees, but never allowed to exceed 55 till the vines
be added to one-part of calcined oyster-shells or other pure cal- begin to break; from that time until they flower the heat is
careous earth, and this composition pressed strongly into the kept between 52 and 57 degrees, and while they are in bloom the
pores of the wood. This done, he says, the sap will instantly heat is raised to 57 and 65 degrees. Air is given regularly and
cease to flow,
plentifully through all these stages until the blossom appears,
Stirring the soil and culture of the borders.—The surface of when the house is kept close, unless the sun be very powerful.
an open border should be turned with a three-pronged fork, not When the bloom is past, attention is paid to thinning the grapes,
digging so deep as to injure the roots. This design is merely to a regular heat is kept up, and air given in due quantity when
revive the surface. When it is necessary to recruit the soil, dig the weather permits, giving a larger proportion when the heat of
the exhausted part up, and work in such a compost as has the sun is strong, and shutting up early in the afternoon. The
been described under soil. The dung out of the cow-house, crop so treated generally ripens in July.
perfectly rotted, is a fine manure for the vine. From the time James Acon (Hort. trans. vol. 7. p. i.) is enabled to furnish a
the buds rise till the fruit is set, manure the border once in 10 regular supply of grapes throughout the year. He commences
days with the drainings of dung-hills poured over the roots of forcing on the 1st of September, and the fruit begins to ripen
the plants.—Abercrombie. A week or two previous to com- about the beginning of March, and continues to be gathered to
mencing to force, the border should be forked over carefully, the middle of May. The vines are trained horizontally on an
and let it be watered all over with drainings of the dung-hill, arched trellis, a considerable distance from the glass, some on the
which repeat at the end of 4 or 5 days, giving as much as will walls and some on the rafters; but these last are introduced six
sink down to the deepest roots and fibres. The border on the weeks after the forcing of those on the trellis has begun, and
outside should already have been covered to a good thickness they yield a succession of crops, which begin to ripen early in
with stable-yard dung, the juice of which may be washed down May. The fires of the house are directly under the trellis.
to the roots. The intention of this covering is to answer as a The vines are planted within the house, but so as the earth is
manure, and also to keep severe frost from the roots, from the not heated by the fire. In pruning these vines, he leaves as little
time the sap is put in motion till the spring is so advanced, as wood as possible. He prefers stopping them one joint above,
that the plants will sustain no injury. Previous to laying on the having no joint without a cluster. When the crop is over, the
When the
dung the border should be pointed, in order that the juices of the branches should be laid near the ground and shaded, until the
dung may descend the more readily.—M.Phail. Speechly time of again beginning to force. This shade will have some
covered the vine borders in front of his hot-house with gravel. affinity to the gloom of winter, which never fails to give vegeta-
The best gardeners do not crop them, or only with the most tem- tion increased energy. In May he shuts up his late vinery as
porary crops of vegetables.
soon as the bunches become visible. The vines are trained on a
Time of beginning to force.—The best time to begin to force trellis near the glass. Till they are out of blossom the air is
is the beginning of March, if the object be simply to obtain kept very warm. By this means the wood grows more compact,
grapes in perfection moderately early. Those who begin earlier for if the house be kept cold the wood will become soft and
VOL. I.-PART. VIII.
4 X

706
AMPELIDEÆ. IV. Vitis.
a
a
а
long jointed, and subsequently barren. As much air as possible of air, suffering the sun to raise the thermometer to 90° or 100°
is given during the summer, but as the autumn advances more before he gives any air. He says there is no danger of draw-
caution on this point is observed. He endeavours to have the ing the wood after that stage of growth, and if the thermometer
fruit perfectly coloured before the approach of the dark season, sinks to 60° at night, the vines will do better in a higher tempera-
for if the colouring be deferred too long the berries will never ac- ture in the day.
quire their proper flavour.
flavour. The first object is to ripen the fruit Air.-Abercrombie directs to give air pretty freely by the
well, after that to maintain a more passive vegetation; if this be sashes until the leaves unfold. Before the foliage is fully made
managed well the bunches will remain for months without any out, begin to keep the house close, admitting air only at the
apparent alteration. Great care must be observed to remove any ventilators, and particularly observe to have a sultry moist cli-
berries inclining to damp, otherwise the crop will soon be spoil- mate while the blossom is coming out, and until it is off and
ed. The Muscat of Alexandria, St. Peter's, and Black Damascus the fruit set. While the fruit is swelling and ripening the plants
are best adapted for late crops. The gathering begins about the will require abundance of light and air. M‘Phail recommends
middle of January, and continues till the end of March, when a little air to be given during a part of the day, while the ther-
the early house is in bearing. The pruning is the same as that mometer is above 65°, and when the sun shines in the winter
adopted for the early house ; no wood is suffered to remain with- months, and abundance in the summer season when the heat ex-
out fruit. It will sometimes happen that the plants will bleed ceeds 75° or 80°. Nicol observes, in beginning to force air
at the spring pruning; the best way to stop this is by keeping should be admitted freely every day until the foliage begins to
the house warmer for a few days, which seldom fails. After the expand, to the extent that the thermometer may not rise above
crop is gathered the house is unroofed, to restore the elastic 5° above the fire heat, by opening the sashes in the usual way.
power of the wood. Vines in pineries should always be turned But after the foliage begins to expand, except in fine weather,
out of doors for a few weeks, for it has been observed that vines the house should be chiefly aired by ventilators until the blossom
always push vigorously after having been exposed to frosty is over, and the berries begin to set, or at least until the season
weather for a few weeks.
becomes mild. When grapes are setting, air need not be ad-
Care of outside stems. The stems on the outside of the house mitted so freely as before, grapes being found to set best in a
should be guarded against the stagnating effects of cold, by a high moist temperature. A moderate circulation by the ventila-
bandage of hay or moss, and a mulching of dry litter over the tors will be sufficient for this purpose, except when the sun
roots. The excluded stems must be protected in the same way shines strong, when it may be necessary to open a few of the
at the beginning of the forcing season. It will also be advise- sashes at the top, in order to let the rarified air escape, and to
able, while the vines are young, to cover the outside border in keep the temperature within due bounds. Air is to be increased
winter with strawy dung taken from the outside of the hot-beds. as the season of the growth of the plants and fruit advance.
Abercrombie. J. Griffin keeps the stems of the vines inside When the fruit is ripening, it should be admitted more freely
moist, from the time of beginning to force till the bunches than before, in order to give the fruit a flavour, for on this, and
show themselves, by daily watering them with a syringe. Some the withholding of water, that matter entirely depends. Williams
gardeners lap the stems round with moss, which they keep moist (Hort. trans. vol. 1.) strongly recommends a dry atmosphere
for two or three months. These two methods contribute to the for vines, in which, he says, the wood, although of slower
production of vigorous shoots.
growth, is more compact, and the fruit more saccharine. Hence
Temperature.—Abercrombie says, begin at 50° min. to 55° vines growing on the sides of mountains in the province of La
max., in a week raise the min. to 550, the max. to 60°. Till the Mancha in Spain, yield richer grapes and make stronger wine
time of budding it should not exceed 60° by artificial means, and than when cultivated in the neighbouring valleys, where, how-
64° by collected sun heat. After the buds are in full motion, it ever, they experience greater warmth, and the fruit arrives
may be raised to 60° min. 64°max. from fire, and 68° from sun sooner at maturity. Impressed with the importance of ventila-
heat. By the time the bloom expands it should be 66° min. and tion, from the beginning of July until the middle of October, he
72° max. by fire, and when the sun's influence is strong, let it be generally leaves several of the upper lights of his vinery open
accumulated by confining the interchange of air to the ventilators abont 2 or 3 inches all night.
till the heat rises to 80°. After the fruit is set, the min. should Watering and steaming.—Abercrombie says, vines require a
be 75°, and fresh air plentifully admitted. M'Phail observes, plentiful supply of water from the time the fruit is well set till
nature should be imitated by increasing the heat as the days it begins to colour, particularly if the berries become transparent
lengthen, but it should be remembered that to ripen the best at the last swelling. Withhold water entirely when the grapes
sort of grapes they require as great a heat as the pine-apple does approach maturity. M‘Phail recommends a plentiful supply of
to ripen it in summer; for the vine has no artificial heat to its water to those planted inside, and in dry weather to those
root. Nicol observes, that forcing must begin slowly by not planted outside ; let the plants be washed occasionally with clean
allowing the heat to pass 50° or 55° mornings and evenings. water, with a syringe or engine; but if there is any chance of
For if forcing is begun with a dash, as many fast-going gardeners the paint being washed down from the rafters, it will answer the
term it, the chance is that the fourth part of the buds will not purpose fully as well by filling the house full of steam now and
push ; therefore there will be a great falling off in the expected then, by throwing water on the flues when they are warm. The
стор. When the whole of the buds are in an evident state of border, if in the inside of the house, should be watered and
vegetation, the temperature may be gradually raised to 60°, 65°, sprinkled now and then to keep it moist. Let the flues be
'
and 70', at which it may continue till the bloom begins to open. watered now and then when they are hot, which is very beneficial
This rise should not be effected in less time than a fortnight, but to the plants, in promoting their growth, and in preventing them
three weeks is better. When the plants come into bloom, it from being infested with the red spider. Steam, however, should
should be raised to 75º. When the fruit is ripening let it be not be used too copiously. If the vine borders be in the house,
raised from 750 to 85° with sun heat, and plenty of air. Mearns or if there are plenty of plants in pots of earth in it, the evapo-
(Hort, trans, 4. p. 254.) considers it of the utmost importance ration arising from the moist earth is generally sufficient to
to the bold breaking of the buds, and to the strength of the wood, moisten the air properly. When the fruit is set, until the time
not to force vines hard until the first leaves arrive nearly at their of changing colour, the borders should be plentifully supplied,
full size. After that period, he gives them a much less portion and the flues sprinkled now and then with clean water. Increase
a

AMPELIDEÆ. 707
.
IV. Vitis.
the supplies of water with the advancement of the season. But placed under a north-wall, where it remained till the end of
when the fruit has begun to change colour, and swell off for November, when it was replaced in the stove, and it ripened its
ripening, the quantity of water hitherto liberally given must be fruit early in the following spring. In May it was again trans-
lessened by degrees, and towards the coming to full maturity ferred to the north wall, where it remained in a quiescent state
must be entirely withheld, that it may not be insipid. The till the end of August. It then vegetated strongly and shewed
operation of engine cleaning must also cease: but previously be abundant blossoms, which, upon being transferred to the stove,
particularly severe, and be careful to wash the plants well, that set freely, and the fruit having been subjected to a very high
no vestige of the red spider may be left.
temperature, ripened early in February. The plant will retain
Ripening of wood.—Abercrombie says, if the fruit be not off its foliage till April, and will not be prepared to vegetate again
by the middle of August, the continuation of fine dry weather, or till late in the spring. The experiment will probably succeed
the heat dependent on the natural climate, will hardly be suffi- well with those varieties of the vine which produce blossoms
cient to ripen the wood; and therefore, as soon as the external somewhat freely and are of hardy habits; abundant crops of
air declines to 68', resume gentle fires morning and evening, so these may be obtained at all times of the winter and spring, by
as to keep the min. temperature to 70°. Give plenty of air in proper previous management of the plants, and by the application
favourable weather, and if it continues mild after the fruit is cut, of a higher or lower degree of temperature.
take off the glass frames altogether ; but in October the glasses Forcing vines by dung heat.—Justice, Lawrence, and Swit-
should be put on again if the wood is not completely ripe. zer state instances of this being done on wooden walls in their
Nicol says, if the lower parts of the shoots be not by the be- time. Fletcher, a market gardener near Edinburgh, has prac-
ginning of August turning brownish, then it is adviseable to tised it with great success in a glass-case, keeping constantly,
apply a little fire heat, in order to further the growth of the till the fruit is about to ripen, a heap of dung or dung and
plants, and the perfection of the wood. Less trouble and ex- weeds in a state of fermentation in the area of the house. J.
pence for fuel will attend the process of ripening the shoots in French, about the beginning of March, commences to force by
September than in October. When the growth of the plants is introducing a quantity of new long dung, taken from under the
over, expose the house day and night, except in rain.
cow-cribs, which is laid upon the floor of his house, extending
Exposure and resting of the wood.–Vines which have been from end to end, leaving a path next the wall. The dung
exposed to the weather, or freely to the dry air in a state of rest, being new, at the beginning a profuse steam arises, which
when forced, after a proper interval, generally break at almost is beneficial in destroying the ova of insects, but which
every eye. But if the plants are in the pinery, the branches must would prove injurious if permitted to rise in so great a
be withdrawn from the house after the fall of the leaf, to remain quantity when the leaves have pushed forth. In a few days the
outside till the proper time of again beginning to force the plants. . violence of the steam abates, and the buds open, and in the
M'Phail
says, "I advise that the glass frames of grape-houses be course of a fortnight the heat begins to diminish, and then it
suffered to remain on all the year excepting in July and August, becomes necessary to carry a small addition of fresh dung, laying
and the grape-vines in pineries should not be taken out to re- it in the bottom and covering it over with the old. The quantity
main for any length of time at any season of the year. It is of new dung to be introduced at each turning must be regulated
natural for the grape-vine to produce only one crop in the year, by the degree of heat in the house. The temperature kept up is
and when it is accustomed to grow in a hot-house appropriated pretty regular, being from 650 to 70°.-Anderson, in hort. trans. .
for the pine-apple, its nature is not changed, nor will it offer to vol. ij. J. Mearns (Hort. trans. 4. p. 256.) approves greatly of
put forth its buds before January in hot-houses kept to a heat applying the steam and heat of dung to the forcing of grapes,
sufficient to grow the pine-apple, when the pine plants are plunged and uses it in the earliest part of forcing with great advantage,
in a bed of warm tan.” T. A. Knight is highly favourable to forming a large ridge of it in the back part of his vinery, and
putting the vine into a state of repose as early as possible in the introducing the recent litter always under the old dung. Dung
autumn preceding the season in which it is to be forced. Nicol heat is always highly noxious to insects. A method of forcing
exposes the house day and night, except in rain. After the vines in beds raised above dung is described in Hort. trans.
autumn pruning he shuts up the house for 10 days, particularly which does not appear to us worth trying.
if there be any appearance of frost, admitting air freely during Forcing the vine in hotbed-frames and other glass-cases.-
the day. The object in this is in order that the pores may con- T. A. Knight says (Hort. trans.) I have often used with great
tract and their wounds heal gradually, or otherwise they are apt
success a frame and hotbed thus formed for forcing grapes, by
to bleed.
placing the bed at 3 feet distance from the wall, to which the
Forcing vines in a pinery.--Speechly considers that vines and vines are trained, and introducing their branches into the frame
pines may be grown advantageously together; but most gar- through holes made on the north end of it, as soon as the first
deners prefer growing them separately. Abercrombie says, if violent heat of the bed had subsided, the vines having been
any gardener gets a good fine-flavoured
grapes in a
trained to a south wall. The White Chasselas
grape
thus ripens
pinery, it is sufficient to confer very great credit on the manager. in July if the branches of the vine be introduced in April ;
M-Phail says, in the month of November or December cut down but the branches that have been forced, having been so closely
all the old wood to about the height of the pit, leaving only two pruned, renders them unproductive next season, therefore others
young shoots, the one to bear the crop, the other to be cut must be substituted from the wall. Small holes should be made
short, to grow long shoots to bear the fruit the succeeding year. through the sides of the frame, through which the young shoots
As soon as they begin to shoot, let them down from the glass of the vines can extend themselves in the open air; for this
about a foot, so that they may receive the benefit of warm air purpose the frames should not be more than 8 or 10 feet long
round about them; if the stem miss shewing fruit on the fourth and 5 or 6 wide. The holes should of course be closed till
or fifth joint they will shew none at all, and therefore these wanted. When the grapes are nearly full grown, and begin to
ought to be cut out, as they would only take the nourishment ripen, it will be advantageous to draw off the glasses altogether
from others that have shown fruit. T. A. Knight (Hort. trans. during the day in fine weather, by which means the fruit will
6.
p.
232.) had a Verdelho vine growing in a pot in the stove obtain a degree of perfection that it rarely acquires in the vinery
early in the spring of 1823, where its wood became perfectly or hothouse. J. Mean (Hort. trans. 2. p. 330.) has practised
ripened in August. It was then taken from the stove and a mode similar to that of Mr. Knight's. This method is parti-
a
crop of
a
4 x 2

708
AMPELIDEÆ. IV. VITIS.
a
a
-
cularly applicable to cases where vines are trained to walls and February, by lighting fires in the day-time to dry the air and
do not ripen their fruit nor bear well. The frame must be high dispel damp, and at the same time giving plenty of air, and
enough on the sides to aumit of the vines being trained horizon- shutting the house close up at night. Fires at night, with the
tally on a trellis, to keep the pendant branches clear of the dung, house close shut, occasions a vapour, and causes the fruit to
and to give free room-between the vine branches and the glass become mouldy and to decay. Some kinds will keep on the trees
for the leaves. In the first or second week of April, just before a long time by keeping the house dry and cool. Covering the floor
the vines begin to move, you make up a common dung hotbed of the vinery with dry coal-ashes, 3 inches thick, prevents damp.
at a convenient distance from the wall, or from the place where Forsyth (Treat. on fruit trees) preserves grapes by removal from
the shoots of the vines are, the branches must then be introduced the tree, cutting off the branch when there are 2 or 3 bunches on
into the frame, the back board of the frame being so constructed one, sealing both ends of the branch with common wax, then
as to slide off; these you train along the trellis already mentioned, hanging them across a line in a dry room, cutting out with a pair
with their points directed downwards towards the front of the of scissors any of the berries which begin to decay. He has
frame. Vines produce an abundant crop in this way, and it is kept grapes till February in this way. .
He
says grapes may
found that the ripening of the fruit is accelerated by laying slates also be kept in packing jars, by wrapping every bunch in soft
on the dung ; the wall always yielding a supply of young paper, with a layer of grapes and one of bran alternately, till
shoots for next year's crop. Various gardeners, as well foreign you have filled the jar, covering the top with a bladder closely.
as British, construct temporary frames or glass-cases against These jars may be kept in a room where you can have a fire in
vines on walls. Sometimes a temporary furnace and flue is built, damp weather
and excellent crops are obtained. Small vine plants will produce Culture of the vine in the open air.–Vines require soil that
fruit under a common hand-glass.
has a dry bottom ; in such as are rich and deep it will grow luxu-
Forcing vines in pots. This method is occasionally attempted riantly and produce abundance of large fruit; but on a dry, gra-
by gardeners, in pits and stoves, and several bunches are ob- velly, chalky, or schistous soil, it will produce less fruit, but of
tained from each plant. The soil must be very rich and frequently better flavour. The greater part of the French vineyards, Bosc
supplied with water and liquid manure. Marsland (Hort. trans. observes, are on a argil-calcareous soil. Argillaceous gravel is
3. p. 363.) had a succession of grapes during eleven months in the frequent near Nismes and Montpelier, and is that which produces
year by forcing in pots. The pots were placed on stages, and the vins des graves of Bordeaux. Both good and bad wines are
as the fruit is cut they are replaced by others; at the age of produced from the debris of granites, such as the hermitage of
4 years they bear abundantly and produce large bunches. In the Rhone. The excellent wines of Anjou are made from vines
a temporary vinery or glass-case, placed against a wall on which growing among schistous rocks. Wines made from vines on
grapes were trained, T. Thorborn has ripened a late crop, and chalky soils, are weak, colourless, and do not keep, as those of
kept the fruit on the trees in a state fit for use till February. Champagne. Retentive clays are the worst soils for the vine;
Mr. Ninian Niven (Loud. gard. mag. 3. p. 311.) forces grapes in in such a soil the shoots do not ripen, and the flowers prove
pots in flued pits, and trains the shoots along the trellis under the abortive. Switzer (Fr. gard. 149.) observes that the soil for
glass. The pots are plunged in leaves or tan. After the vines the vine should be light, with a chalky or gravelly bottom, free
have fruited 2 or 3 times they may be thrown away and their from springs. Hitt (Treat. on fruit trees, 12.) advises a mixture
place supplied by others: by this means large fruit will always of lime-rubbish, brick-bats, &c. for a foot deep in the bottom
be produced.
of wall borders destined for the vine. The soil and situation,
Diseases and insects.— Nicol considers the red spider the Laurence observes, (Fruit gard.) can never be too dry for the vine.
grand enemy of the vine. After every winter pruning he re- Manures.--Dung, Speechly says, should never be allowed to
commends the branches, shoots, and trellis to be anointed with approach the roots of vines till it is reduced to a kind of black
the following composition to destroy their larvæ : soft soap 2 earth. The dust and dirt of roads he esteems as a manure for
pounds; flower of sulphur 2 pounds; nux vomica 4 ounces ; vines. He says vines are greatly injured by the common prac-
turpentine a gill, boiled in 8 gallons of soft water. The compo- tice of laying lime-rubbish for the bottom floor in the prepar-
sition to be laid on milk-warm with a hair brush, then with a ation of the ground. Cow-dung is generally preferred for the
sponge carefully anoint every part of the plant, walls, flues, vine in France, but all kinds are used by vine growers; the
rafters, &c. Abercrombie recommends all the shoots to be more careful use composts of leaves, cleaning of ditches, ponds,
washed with soap and water, and it may be mixed with sulphur, &c. which they turn over a year before using. Vines are al-
the stems being previously stripped of loose bark. For the de- lowed by all gardeners to be rich feeders; the fertility of both
struction of the turtle-bug, syringing the stems and shoots with a the Hampton Court and Valentines vines are attributed to their
strong infusion of tobacco-stem-water. Watering is the best roots having found their way, the former into a large sewer,
preventative of the red spider and green fly. To prevent birds, and the latter into a pond of stagnated water (Hort. trans. 3.
.
wasps, and flies, several gardeners direct them to be excluded by
,
p. 337.). The cause of the fertility of the vines in the hot-
gauze frames, some recommend putting bags of gauze on each houses at Earl's Court is attributed to the nature of the soil,
bunch. M‘Phail recommends nets with meshes an inch square. which is composed of equal parts of garden earth and blood
Gathering and keeping the fruit.-Grapes should be allowed mixed together, and repeatedly turned over one year before
to hang till fully matured and ripened, especially the thick- using. Grapes are sometimes manured in Italy by digging in
skinned and fleshy sorts. Even the thin-skinned and juicy the pruned shoots.
kinds, which are cut usually before they are perfectly ripe, are Vine walls.—A south wall is always preferred ; low walls
much improved in flavour by being allowed to remain till they 5-6 feet high, Speechly says, are best, as the plants grow
are ripe, particularly the White Frontignac, White Sweetwater, stronger and afford larger grapes; at this height they enjoy both
and White Muscadine.
The vinery, when the fruit is ripe, the reflected heat of the wall and the earth. English gardeners
ought to be kept dry and cool, in order to preserve the fruit as do not approve of flued walls for the vine.
long as possible on the branches, and thus to prolong the grape Planting.-- Where a wall is to be entirely covered with vines,
The leaves round the bunches are to be picked off, and 3 plants of a kind may be planted, weak growing kinds 3 feet
a fire to be made in the day-time in gloomy weather. J. Thom- distance, and the strong growing kinds 4 feet, the 2 outer plants
son (Hort. trans. 4. p. 132.) preserves grapes in the vinery till of the 3 to be considered temporary, the middle one permanent,
-
season.

AMPELIDEÆ. IV. Vitis.
709
for a
-
---
which in 5 years will be in a state to cover the wall itself. When numerous varieties of wine depend principally on the proportion
vines are planted in the intervals between other fruit-trees, or on of
sugar
contained in the must, and the manner of its ferment-
piers, then one plant to each is sufficient.
ation. When the proportion of sugar is sufficient and the fer-
Pruning of vines in the open air.Any of the modes described mentation complete, the wine is perfect and generous, if the
above will do ; the spur method and the fruit-tree method seem quantity of sugar be too large, part of it remains undecom-
to deserve the preference; but this must entirely depend upon posed, and the fermentation is languid, and the wine is sweet and
the pruner, for it is almost useless to describe methods of prun-
,
luscious ; if, on the contrary, it be too small, the wine is thin
ing. Horizontal training is considered the preferable mode for and weak, and if it be bottled before the fermentation be com-
the vine. Training the shoots of vines along the ground like pleted, it will proceed slowly in the bottle, and, on drawing the
those of melons and cucumbers has been proposed and practised cork, the wine will sparkle in the glass, as for example Cham-
by Vispre (Dissert. on the growth of vine, Bath, 1786) and suc- pagne. When the must is separated from the husk of the
grape
ceeded. Vines in some places are allowed to grow like herbs, before it is fermented, the wine has little or no colour; these
spreading upon the ground, and the grapes of these vines are are called white wines. If, on the contrary, the husks are al-
very large. The Black Hamburgh is an excellent
grape
lowed to remain in the must while the fermentation is going on,
wall. The only secret in ripening grapes in the open air is timely the alcohol dissolves the colouring matter of the husks, and the
summer pruning, this assists ripening the wood. By fixing the wine is coloured ; such are called red wines. Besides in these
bunches close to the wall by a thread they ripen a month earlier. principal circumstances wines vary much in flavour.
Growing the vine as espaliers or as standards.-The direction Qualities.—Grapes, before they are ripe, are extremely harsh
given for walls is sufficient for espaliers; but this practice is not to and acid, and by expression furnish a liquor which is called
be considered worth following. As standards they may be verjuice. It contains malic acid, super-tartrate of potass, and
grown in extensive plantations as in vineyards, and the plants may may be made to furnish wine by addition of sugar.
As
be trained either like currants or raspberries; in this case the the grape advances to maturity, the quantity of sugar in it
stems will require to be tied to stakes. The pruning is nearly the increases, while that of the malic acid diminishes. It, however,
same as that for raspberries. Switzer recommends the side or never disappears entirely. The grape, when ripe, is cooling,
declivity of a hill lying to the south or south-east, which is favored antiseptic, and when eaten in considerable quantities is diuretic
with other hills somewhat higher, clothed with wood, on the north, and gently laxative. In inflammatory diseases, and all others
north-east and north-west, to break the severity of those perishing where acids are indicated, grapes form an excellent article of
quarters. Speechly observes that the hills in the counties bor- diet. Dried grapes or raisins are more saccharine, mucilaginous,
dering the English Channel, have in general declivities tending and laxative than the recent grapes, but are less cooling. Wine,
to the south, and are therefore highly favourable for vineyards. when taken in moderate quantities, acts as a beneficial stimulant
Steeps of poor, gravelly, and rocky soils, in warm situations, to the whole system. It promotes digestion, increases the action
would produce more under vines than any other crop.
of the heart and arteries, raises the heat of the body, and exhi-
Forming vineyards.—They must be planted in rows at a dis- larates the spirits. Taken to excess, it produces inebriety,
tance from each other according to the height and mode of which is often succeeded by headache, stupor, nausea, and diar-
training proposed, and according as the soil may be rich or poor, rhoea, which last for several days. Habitual excess in wine
deep or shallow. A square yard may be considered a desirable debilitates the stomach, produces inflammation of the liver,
medium. Where vineyards are formed on the sides and steeps weakens the nervous system, gives rise to dropsy, gout, apo
of hills, it may be best to form them into terraces or horizontal plexy, tremors, and cutaneous affections. To convalescents and
beds, rising one above another like steps of stairs, supported in all diseases of general debility and deficiency of vital powers,
each by a wall, if the declivity is very steep, against which the wine is the remedy on which medical men must place their chief
vines may be trained ; but in vine countries the terraces are dependence. It is contraindicated in all inflammatory complaints,
usually wide and the walls so rude, that it is impossible to train and when it sours upon the stomach.
the vines against them ; in this case the standard or espalier
Insects and diseases are the same in the open air as in the
mode is adopted. At Thonning, near Fontainebleau, mud walls vinery, and the modes for their destruction and prevention the
are made, and the vines are trained to low trellises, at first hori- same, which see under that head.
“zontal along the bottom of the trellis, then erect upon the trellis. Common Vine or Grape, or Wine-bearing Vine. Fl. June,
Sorts proper for a vineyard.—On the Continent vines used
July.
Clt ? Shrub cl.
for making wine are by no means agreeable to eat, and there is 2 V. LACINIÒSA (Lin. spec. 293.) leaves 5-cut, with stalked,
always a distinction made between fruits to eat and fruits to
multifid segments.
h. s. Native of? This is perhaps
press by nurserymen. The names of vineyard grapes vary in only a variety of the preceding. It is called in France Ciotat.
every district. In this country it would be best to select - Corn. can. t. 183. Vitis vinífera, var. 24.
Vitis vinífera, var. 24. Rom. et Schult.
such sorts as are already in the country, such as the Clus-
syst. 5.
p.
314. Berries black. This is usually cultivated as
ters, Sweet-waters, Burgundy, Large Black Cluster, Miller's a curiosity, and is called Parsley-leaved vine.
Grape, &c.
Jagged or Parsley-leaved Vine. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1648.
Making wine from grapes.—This can hardly be considered as Shrub cl.
coming under gardening. We shall only suggest that it requires 3 V. DENTA'TA (Link. enum. 1. p. 236.) leaves cordate,
a person who has a knowledge of the general principles of fer- usually 5-lobed, unequally and mucronately serrated, roughish.
mentation and chemistry, or who has been concerned in the h. H. Native of ? Flowers and fruit unknown. Petioles
manufacture of British wines, to succeed properly. An excel- rough from indurated glands.
lent paper on the processes of wine-making will be found in the Toothed-leaved Vine. Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
second volume of the memoirs of the Caledonian Horticultural 4 V. FLEXUÒSA (Thunb. Lin. trans. 2. p. 332.) leaves cordate,
Society, by Dr. Macculloch of Woolwich. H. S. Mathews toothed, villous beneath ; stem flexuous; panicles elongated.
(Hort. trans. vol. 2.) has given a receipt for making a tolerable h. v. H. Native of Japan. V. I'ndica, Thunb. fl. jap. 103.
sort of red wine from the leaves of the claret grape ; these Berries of a brownish-green with an austere, acid taste.
leaves, it is suggested, might be employed to give a colour to Flexuous-branched Vine. Shrub cl.
wines made from white grapes or green gooseberries, &c. The 5 V. WALLI'CHII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 634.) leaves cordately
.
-

710
AMPELIDEÆ. IV. Vitis.
3
a
truncate at the base, acuminated at the apex, acutely toothed, cirrhiferous; berries 3-seeded; stem filiform, villous when quite
1
glossy on both surfaces ; racemes shorter than the leaves. young. h.v. S. Native of the East Indies at Singapore.
ho
h. v. S. Native of Nipaul. Leaves shining, 2 or 3-times Flowers small, tetrandrous, brown, villous.
smaller than those of V. vinifera. Racemes with the peduncle
.
Slender Vine. Fl. Sept. Shrub cl.
.
hardly an inch long. Fruit unknown.
15 V. BARBA'TA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 478.) leaves round, cor-
Wallich's Vine. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
date, sinuately-toothed, very slightly 3-lobed, smoothish ; clusters
6 V. GLABRA'TA (Roth. nov. spec. 156. Rom. et Schult. disposed in oval bunches, bearing a dichotomous tendril ; stem,
syst. 5. p. 318.) leaves cordate, somewhat 3-lobed, serrated, branches, petioles, and peduncles covered with long capitate
smooth ; serratures equal, with blunt lobes; tendrils bearing bristles. h. v. S. Native of Silhet in the East Indies. Flowers
.
panicles. hivi S. Native of the East Indies. Very like tetrandrous.
V. vulpina, but the serratures of the leaves are shorter.
Bearded Vine. Fl. Aug. Shrub cl.
Smooth Vine. Clt. 1819. Shrub cl.
16 V.TRÍFIDA (Roth. nov. spec. 158.) leaves cordate, roundish,
7 V. HEYNEA`NA (Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 318.) leaves trifid at the apex, grey above and covered with rusty down be-
cordate, acuminated, undivided, toothed, smooth above, but neath, repandly serrate-toothed; corymbs bifid, glomerate.
covered with rusty down beneath ; panides elongated. h.U.S. h.v.S. Native of the East Indies.
Native of the East Indies. V. cordifolia, Roth. but not of Michx. Trifid-leaved Vine. Shrub cl.
Heyne's Vine. Shrub cl.
17 V. TRÍLOBA (Roth. nov. spec. 156.) leaves cordate, 3-
8 V. I'NDICA (Lin. spec. 293.) leaves cordate, often more or lobed, pubescent above, but clothed with rusty down beneath,
less angled, finely serrated, pubescent beneath. h. v. S. Na- deeply serrate-toothed, acuminated ; lobes unequal; racemes
tive of the East Indies.-Rheed. mal. 7. p. 11. t. 6. Panicles ovate, downy. h. v. S. Native of the East Indies. Perhaps
dense, rising solitary from the middle of the tendrils. Ovary this is the same as V. Labrúsca of Lour. coch. 1. p. 193.
embraced by a 5-lobed cup. Berries round, black, 1-2-seeded. Three-lobed-leaved Vine. Shrub cl.
Flowers greenish-purple. According to Lour. fl. cochin. 155. 18 V. TOMENTÓSA (Roth. nov. spec. 156.) leaves cordate, 3-
the berries are of a brownish-green; this is perhaps a distinct lobed, downy, serrated, middle-lobe ovate, lateral ones half-
species. V. sylvestris, Blum. bijdr. is a variety.
moon-shaped; racemes ovate, dense, downy. h.u.S. Native
Indian Vine. Fl. April. Clt. 1692. Shrub cl.
of the East Indies. Very like V. triloba, but with the leaves
9 V. LANA'TA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 474.) leaves cordate, ser- simply serrated, and with the peduncles 2 or 3-times longer.
rated, woolly beneath ; racemes panicled, opposite the leaves ; Downy Vine. Shrub cl.
petals cohering at the apex. h. v. S. Native of the East 19 V. HETEROPHY'LLA (Thunb. fl. jap. 103.) leaves 3 or 5-
Indies in the forests in the Circar mountains. Flowers nu- lobed, or the upper ones undivided, serrated, smooth ; panicles
merous, green. Berries round, purple, size of a pea, 1-2-seeded. somewhat dichotomous, smooth. h. u. G. Native of Japan.
Woolly-leaved Vine. Shrub cl.
Teeth of calyx blunt. Style filiform, permanent. Berries glo-
10 V. TRUNCA'TA (Blum. bijdr. 4th number,) leaves truncate bose, green, size of a pea.
at the base, ovate, acuminated, obtusely and glandularly-serrated; Variable-leaved Vine. Shrub cl.
veins pubescent beneath ; panicles opposite the leaves. h. v.S. 20 V. LATIFÒLIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 474.) leaves cordate,
Native of Java.
3-lobed, crenate-serrated, smooth; tendrils panicle-bearing; pe-
Truncate-leaved Vine. Shrub cl.
tals oblong; ovaries embracing a nectarial cup.
.
2. v. S.
11 V. CYMÒSA (Blum. bijdr. 1. c.) leaves cordate, acuminated, Native of the East Indies in the warmer maritime parts.-Rheed.
bristly-serrated, downy beneath; cymes stalked, trifid, shorter mal. 7. p. 13. t. 7. Flowers numerous, of a deep reddish-
than the leaves. N.vis. Native of Java.
brown. Berries the size, shape, and appearance of a black
Cymose Vine. Shrub cl.
currant, containing rarely more than 2 seeds. Root tuberous.
12 V. CÆ'SIA (Hort. trans. vol. 5. p. 447.) leaves cordate, Broad-leaved Vine. Fl. May.
Fl. May. Pl. cl.
angularly-sinuated, with distant, bristle-like serratures, wrinkled 21 V. PARVIFÒLIA (Roxb. A. ind. 2. p. 475.) leaves angled,
on both surfaces, clothed with short, white down beneath ; cordate, 3-lobed, crenate-serrated, smooth; stipulas oval; thyrse
shoots terete, glaucous, pruinose. h. v.S. Native of Sierra few-flowered. 4. v. S. Native of the East Indies in the
Leone in the low lands. Cissus cæ'sia, Afz, rem. guin. ex eastern parts of Bengal and Nipaul. Old branches woody, con-
Spreng. neue. entd. 3. p. 234. Berries black, round, with an siderably flattened. Flowers very small, green. This plant has
austere, acid taste, not very agreeable to Europeans, and are the appearance of the common vine.
chiefly eaten by the negroes, who are rather fond of them. Small-leaved Vine. Fl. Feb. Pl. cl.
The leaves are delicately toothed, having the appearance of 22 V. GLANDULÒsa (Wall. Al. ind. 2. p. 479.) stem dotted,
being edged with fine hairs. The plant is called country grapes roughish ; branches villous; leaves broad, cordate, ovate, 3-
by the settlers at Sierra Leone.
lobed, villous, bearing glands in the axils of the nerves beneath ;
Grey Vine.
F1. Feb. Mar. Clt. 1822. Shrub cl.
tendrils dichotomous; corymbs short, dichotomous. 4. S.
13 V. GLABERRIMA (Wall. Al. ind. 2. p. 476.) fleshy ; leaves Natives of the East Indies. Berries small, round, deep-purple,
ovate-oblong, a little cordate, rather obtuse, remotely bristle- smooth, 4-seeded.
crenated ; corymbs equal in length to the leaves, almost simple, Glandular-leaved Vine. Fl. May, June. Shrub cl.
consisting of many umbellets; flowers nectariferous; petals 23 V. RUGÒsa (Wall. f. ind. 2. p. 480.) all parts of the plant
oblong-linear; berries 2-celled; stipulas fleshy, oval glands; densely clothed with rusty down; leaves broad, cordate, acu-
stem 4-cornered. h. v. S. Native of Penang in the East minated, unequally 3-lobed, toothed, villous, and wrinkled above
Indies. Flowers rather large, tetrandrous, greenish. Ripe berries but woolly beneath ; corymbs ovate, dense, consisting of many
not observed.
umbellets; petals linear, spreading.
h. v. G. Native of
Very-smooth Vine. Fl. Dec. Shrub cl.
Nipaul every where in the mountains and forests. Branches
14 V. Graʼcilis (Wall. Al. ind. 2. p. 477.) leaves ovate-cor- long, obscurely 4-cornered. Flowers small, with a yellow, cre-
date, tapering to the apex, acuminated, with pointed teeth, pu- nulated disk and purplish stamens. This species resembles V.
bescent above ; nerves villous beneath ; stipulas half-cordate, lanàta, Roxb. tomentosa and triloba of Roth., but differs in its
villous; clusters formed of many small, short, villous spikes, far greater size, and its not cohering petals.
V

AMPELIDEÆ. IV. Vitis.
. .
711
Wrinkled-leaved Vine. Shrub cl.
Caribbean Vine. Clt. 1800. Shrub cl.
24 V. PURA'NI (Hamilt. mss. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 31 V. LABRU'SCA (Lin. spec. 293.) leaves cordate, a little 3-
188.) leaves cordate, serrate-toothed, acuminated, coriaceous, lobed, acutely-toothed, downy beneath, as well as the peduncles.
,
.
pubescent above, villous beneath, as well as the petioles, some- h: v. H. Native of North America from Canada to Florida,
times 3-lobed ; thyrse spicate, short, opposite the leaves.
h.
in shady woods. Jacq. schoenbr. t. 426. Vìtis taurina, Walt. fl.
S. Native of Nipaul in the vicinity of the town, called car. 242.–Plum. icon. t. 259. f. 1. Old leaves smooth beneath.
Thankot. Shrub slender Leaves small.
Fertile racemes small. Berries black, large, of a disagreeable foxy
Purani Vine. Fl. April. Clt. 1820.
Clt. 1820. Shrub cl.
smell, commonly called Fox Grape. They have a rough acid
flavour, but are eatable.
* Leaves ternate or quinate, rarely pinnate.
Var. f, blánda; berries white. This variety is called in North
25 V. SEMICORDA'TA (Wall. Al. ind. 2. p. 481.) leaves ternate;
.
America Bland's Grape. There are other varieties raised of this
leaflets villous on the under surface, acuminated, bristly-serrated, grape.
From the fermented berries of all these very pleasant
lateral ones half-cordate, gibbous, intermediate one ovate, taper-
wine is made.
ing to the base ; cymes oblong; young branches villous. 4.U.S. Wild Vine or Fox Grape. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1656. Sh.cl.
Native of Nipaul on the Sheopore mountain. Flowers small, 32 V. ÆSTIVALIS (Michx. f. bor. amer. 2. p. 230.) leaves
greenish.
broad-cordate, 3-5-lobed, young ones clothed beneath with cob-
Half-cordate-leafletted Vine. Fl. Sept. Pl. cl.
web-like down, adult ones smooth. h.v. H. Native of North
26 V. MOLLÍSSIMA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 482.) leaves ternate ; America from Virginia to Carolina, in fields and woods. V.
leaflets covered with very dense, white hairs, lateral ones acu- vulpina, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1181. Jacq. schoenbr. t. 425. V.
minated, unequally crenated, half ovate, intermediate one ellip- Labrúsca, Walt. I. car. 242. Fertile racemes oblong. Berries
. fl
tical, with a narrow, rather retuse base ; cymes divaricating, small
, dark-blue, very agreeable, and frequently converted
dichotomous, villous ; berries round, smooth, 4-seeded. h.U.S. into a very good home-made wine. It is known by the name of
Flowers tetrandrous. Berries almost the size of a common cherry. Summer Grape.
Very soft Vine. Shrub cl.
Summer Grape or Vine. Fl. May. Clt. 1656. Shrub cl.
27 V. BRACTEOLA'TA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 483.) smoothish, 33 V. SINUATA ; leaves sinuately-palmate, coarsely-toothed,
slender; leaves ternate; leaflets with bristly-serratures, lateral with rhomboid recesses, young ones covered beneath with cob-
ones half ovate; cymes on long peduncles, much divided, with webbed rusty down, adult ones smooth. ħ. v. H. Native of
oblong, deciduous bracteas. h. S. Native of the East North America from Virginia to Carolina, in fields and woods.
Indies on the Juyuntija mountains. Flowers small, tetrandrous. V. æstivàlis var. B, sinuàta, Pursh. fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 169.
Bracteated Vine. Fl. Sept. Shrub cl.
Fertile racemes oblong. Berries dark-blue, very agreeable to
28 V. CINNAMÒMEA (Wall. f. ind. 2. p. 483.) every part eat, and are, as well as those of the preceding species, converted
clothed with dense, rusty down ; leaves from simple, ovate- into very good home-made wine. This is probably the V. La-
cordate, a little 3-lobed, to ternate and quinate, with half-
bruscoides of Muhl. cat. 27.
cordate, lateral leaflets; corymbs long, pendulous, bearing Scolloped-leaved Summer Grape-vine. Fl. May, June. Clt.
tendrils, consisting of very approximate, divaricate spikes. 1656. Shrub cl.
h.v. S. Native of the islands in the Straits of Malacca,
Penang, Singapore, Pulo Dingding. Berries roundish, smooth,
N.B. The three preceding species have been greatly im-
purple, 3-4-cornered. This is a charming species, remarkable
proved by cultivation, and many new varieties have been raised
within the last few years.
on account of the varying form of its leaves.
Cinnamon-coloured Vine. Shrub cl.
34 V. CORDIFOLIA (Michx. A. bor. amer. 2. p. 231.) leaves
29 V. RUBIFÒLIA (Wall. A. ind. 2. p. 481.) leaves pinnate, cordate, acuminated, deeply-toothed, smooth on both surfaces.
with 5 pairs of oblong, acuminated, coarsely and sharply ser- h.v. S. Native of North America from Canada to Florida, on
rated, rather cordate leaflets, terminal one rather ovate, all the edges of rivers and in woods, where it is called Winter
glaucous beneath, and a little hairy. h. v. S. Native of Grape or Chicken Grape. V. incisa, Jacq. schoenbr. t. 427. V.
h
Bengal on the Juyuntija mountains. Flowers fragrant, of a vulpina, Walt. fl. car. 243. Racemes loose, many-flowered.
yellowish-green colour.
colour. Berries esculent.
Berries green or amber-coloured, small, and ripen extremely
Rubus-leaved Vine. Shrub cl.
late, of a very tart taste.
Heart-leaved Vine or Chicken Grape. Fl. June, July. Clt.
*** Dioecious or polygamous species, natives of America. 1806. Shrub cl.
30 V. CARIBBÆ'A (D. C. prod. 1. p. 634.) leaves cordate, 35 V, RIPA'RIA (Michx. A. bor. amer. 2. p. 231.) leaves cor-
acuminated, with long acute teeth, smoothish above, but downy date, a little trifid, unequally and deeply-toothed ; petioles, mar-
beneath, as well as the peduncles. ħ. v. S. Native of Jamaica gins, and nerves pubescent.
H.
gins, and nerves pubescent. hiv. H. Native of North Ame-
on the lower hills among bushes. Vìtis I'ndica, Swartz, obs. 95. rica from Pennsylvania to Carolina, on the gravelly shores and
Poir. dict. 8. p. 607.-Sloan. hist. 2. p. 104. t. 210. f. 4. islands of rivers. V. odoratíssima, Donn, hort. cant. 66. The
Flowers small, white. Berries small, brownish-green, watery, flowers have an exquisitely fine smell, somewhat resembling that
acid, but eatable. This plant produces a great quantity of of mignonette. Female plants are very seldom found north of
clusters of small black grapes of an austere taste, but they the Potowmac river, though the male extends very far beyond it.
would doubtless make a good red wine. When it grows luxu- It is vulgarly called the Vigne des Battures.
riant, as it generally does on the higher woody lands of Ja- River-side or Sweet-scented Vine. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1806.
maica, it is so full of juice that a piece about 3 feet long Shrub cl.
will yield near a pint of clear, tasteless water, which has saved 36 V. ROTUNDIFÒLIA (Michx. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 231.) leaves
the lives of many who have wandered long in the woods shining on both surfaces, rather equally toothed, cordately kid-
,
without any other refreshment of a liquid sort; therefore the ney-shaped ; racemes composed of many small umbellets or
plant is called in Jamaica Water Withe. According to Sloane, heads. h. u. H. Native of North America from Virginia to
the fruit is red or deep-purple, the size of currants, and agree- Florida, on river sides and in islands. Berries very large, dark-
ably acid, as well as astringent.
blue, agreeable to eat.
to eat. It is commonly called Bull or Bullet
1

712
AMPELIDEÆ. IV. Vitis. V. LEDA.
ac
. ,
h. V
Grape, from the size and form of the fruit, sometimes Musca-
* Leaves bi or tripinnate.
dine Grape.
Round-leaved Vine or Bullet Grape. Fl. June, July. Clt.
1 L. SAMBU'CINA (Willd. spec.
FIG. 118.
1806. Shrub cl.
1. p. 1177.) stem furrowed, angu-
of American species not sufficiently known.
lar; leaves somewhat bipinnate;
leaflets ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
37 V. PALMA'TA (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 42.) leaves cordate, pal- serrated. h.s. Native of the East
mate, smooth, with lanceolate, cut segments; umbels racemose. Indies and the Mauritian Islands,
h. v. H. Native of Virginia. Vahl had his specimen from where it is called Bois de source.
the Paris garden, where it was said to be a native of Virginia, Aquilícia sambùcina, Lin. mant.
but Mr. Pursh met with nothing answering the description in 211. Cav. diss. 7. t. 218.-Rheed.
North America. Sir James Smith supposes this to be only a mal. 2. p. 43. t. 26.-Rumph.
variety of Vàtis vinifera.
amb. 4. t. 45. Leaves from simple
Palmate-leaved Vine. Shrub cl.
to decompound. Flowers small,
38 V. Virginia'NA (Hort. par. ex Poir. dict. 8. p. 608.) yellow, in terminal, supra-decom-
leaves ovate-cordate, smooth, profoundly 5-lobed ; lobes un- pound, trichotomous corymbs.
equally and broadly crenated; racemes usually simple. h.v. Berries round, pulpy, smooth, glau-
H. Native of Virginia.
cous, black, size of a marrow-fat
Virginian Vine. Shrub cl.
pea, 6-seeded, when dry torose.
39 V. TILIÆFÒLIA (Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd. in Rom. et (f. 118.)
Schult. syst. 5. p. 320.) leaves cordate, serrated, hoary beneath. Elder-leaved Leea. Fl. Oct. Jan. Clt. 1790. Shrub 8 ft.
S. Native of South America on the banks of the river 2 L. ROBU'STA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 468.) stem jointed, pubes-
Magdalena, near Nares. V. I'ndica, H. B. et Kunth. 5. p. 227. cent; leaves bi and tripinnate, with ovate-lanceolate, serrated,
Lime-tree-leaved Vine, Shrub cl.
cuspidate leaflets; urceolus of stamens rather globose, white.
40 V. ACAPULCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. h.s. Native of the East Indies in the Northern Circars. Stem
230.) leaves unknown; tendrils very long, branched ; lower flexuous. Leaves from 1 to 3 feet long, but usually greater in
branches cymiferous ; cymes much branched, clothed with rusty breadth ; lateral leaflets with a broad cordate base, hairy be-
wool. ñ.v.S.
h.v.S. Native of New Spain near Acapulca. Sta- neath. Cymes supra-decompound, villous. Flowers numerous,
mens 5.
small, green.
Berries much flattened, size of a small cherry,
Acapulca Vine. Shrub cl.
smooth, black, and rather succulent, 6-lobed, 6-celled.
Cult. The cultivation of Vitis vinifera, or common grape- Robust Leea. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet.
vine, is given under its proper species. The American hardy 3 L. STAPHY'LEA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 471.) leaves compound
species which bear eatable fruit, require the same treatment. or supra-decompound, with linear-oblong, finely taper-pointed,
The other hardy species are not worth cultivating; they will serrated, smooth leaflets; cymes loose. h.S. Native of the
grow in any common soil, and ripe cuttings of them will root East Indies. Aquilícia Otíllis, Otíllis Zeylanica, Gært. fruct. 1.
freely in earth. The stove species, or those from tropical coun- p. 275. t. 57. Staphylea ? I'ndica, Burm. ind. 75. t. 24. f.
tries, are not worth cultivating unless in botanic gardens ; they 2. Leaflets 4-7 inches long, and from 2-3 broad. Stipulas
are easily increased by ripened cuttings under a hand-glass in large.
large. Calyx 5-toothed. Flowers small, greenish-white, very
mould. They will grow in any common soil.
numerous. Urceolus of stamens a yellow, 5-cleft, fleshy ring.
Berries dry, size of a small cherry, flattened, 5-6-grooved, 5-6-
Tribe II.
celled, with a single seed in each cell. Branches flexuous.
Staphylea-like Leea. Shrub 10 feet.
LEEA CEÆ (plants agreeing with Leèa in important charac- 4. L. INTEGRIFOLIA (Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 427.) somewhat ar-
ters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 635. Corolla monopetalous. Stamens boreous; leaves supra-decompound, with lanceolate, entire,
alternating with the petals? usually monadelphous. Fruit and
acuminated leaflets; corymbs supra-decompound. h.S. Native
seeds scarcely known. Peduncles not converted into tendrils.
of the East Indies, in moist valleys among the Circar mountains.
The fruit, according to our own observations, is a dry capsule, Leaves about 21 feet long, with the lower two pairs of pinnæ
with 4 to 6 lobes, which are separable, each lobe containing
bipinnate, as in the last species. Flowers greenish-
1 seed.
white. Urceolus of stamens of 5 emarginate scales. Capsule
V. LEE'A (in honour of James Lee, founder of the extensive usually 6-seeded.
nursery at Hammersmith hamlet, whose grandson is the present Entire-leaved Leea. Shrub 8 feet.
proprietor ; author of an introduction to the Linnæan system of 5 L. RU'BRA (Blum. bijdr. 4th number,) stem round, fur-
botany). Lin. mant. 124. D. C. prod. 1. p. 635.—Aquilícia, rowed ; leaves bipinnate, rough on the veins beneath, with ovate-
Lin. mant. 211.
lanceolate, bluntly-serrated leaflets, lower ones ternate ; corymbs
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Pentándria. Calyx 4-5 toothed. decompound.
LINSYST
.
h.S. Native of Java. Berries red.
Corolla 5-cleft, with revolute segments. Urceolus of stamens Red Leea. Shrub 8 feet.
5-lobed, with the filaments adnate to the outside between the 6 L. JAVA'NICA (Blum. bijdr. 1. c.) stem round, dotted,
lobes; anthers ovate, smooth. Style simple. Capsule 4-6- rough ; leaves bipinnate, smooth, with sharply-serrated leaflets ;
;
celled ; cells 1-seeded, but both cells and seeds are often abor- corymbs decompound. Þ.S. Native of Java.
tive. The seeds, according to Gærtner, are solitary in each cell, Java Leea. Shrub.
erect, with a 5 or 6-lobed cartilaginous albumen, with a terete, 7 L. GUINEE'NSE ; leaves pinnate, lower pair ternate ; leaflets
acuminated, arched or straight, somewhat excentral embryo, and broad-lanceolate, acuminated, serrated ; corymbs axillary, twin;
awl-shaped cotyledons. Radicle inferior.—Large, rough shrubs, fruit 4-celled, 4-seeded. h. v. S. Native of Guinea. (v. s. in
with cymes of small, greenish or yellowish, insignificant flowers. herb. Lamb.)
Leaves pinnate or bipinnate, resembling those of the Elder. Guinea Leea. Shrub straggling.
a

AMPELIDEÆ. V. LEEA. VI. LASIANTHERA. GERANIACEÆ.
713
.
mss.
24. S.
a
.
* * Leaves usually pinnate, very seldom bipinnate. Africa near Chama, on the banks of the river St. Yago. A
8 L. ACULEA'TA (Blum. bijdr. l. c.) stem roundish, furrowed,
suffruticose climber, with ovate-oblong, entire, cuspidate leaves.
prickly ; leaves pinnate, quite smooth, with coarsely-serrated
Peduncles leaf-opposed, umbellately branched at the apex.
leaflets ; corymbs decompound. h. S. Native of Java.
Flowers capitate, as in Aràlia.
Prickly-stemmed Leea. Shrub 8 feet.
African Lasianthera. Shrub cl.
Cult. This plant will thrive in any light loamy soil, and
9 L. HI'RTA (Herb. Banks, Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 231.) leaves
pinnate, and sometimes bipinnate, with lanceolate-serrated hairy large cuttings will strike root in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
-
leaflets; anthers connected. h.S. Native of the East Indies
in the lower parts of Bengal and Nipaul. L. scabra, Roxb.
. ORDER LIV. GERANIA'CEÆ (plants agreeing with Ge-
Stems many, flexuous, jointed. Leaflets from 2 to 8 rànium in important characters). D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 838. prod.
inches long, and from 1 to 3 broad. Cymes terminal, 3-parted.
1. p. 637. Sweet, Ger.—Gerània, Juss. gen. 268.
Nectary inserted in the edge of the projecting ring, which sur-
rounds the ovary. Berry black, resembling a black currant, 6-
Calyx permanent, of 5 sepals (f. 119. a.); sepals more or
seeded, when dry 6-lobed.
less unequal, imbricate in æstivation, sometimes one of them
Hairy Leea. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet. is drawn out into a hollow spur at the base, which is closely
10 L. CRÍSPA (Lin. mant. 124.) herbaceous; stem and branches connate to the peduncle. Petals 5 (f. 119. b.), (rarely 4, one
fringed at the angles ; leaves pinnate, with oblong, serrated
of which being abortive very rarely absent altogether) ungui-
leaflets; anthers free.
Native of the East Indies,
culate, alternating with the sepals, equal or unequal; in the
common among bushes near Calcutta ; and of the Cape of Good
Hope. L. pinnàta, Andr. bot. rep. t. 355.—Rheed. mal. 2.
first they are hypogynous, in the second they are usually
p. 43. t. 26. Stems swelled above the joints. Leaflets usually inserted in the calyx or connected together. Stamens with
5, but in very luxuriant plants they are sometimes compound. the filaments rarely free, but almost always monadelphous
Cymes small, a little hairy, 5-flowered. Flowers small, white.
at the base, disposed in a simple series, hypogynous or perigy-
Urceolus of stamens with entire divisions, with the anthers
lodged within its mouth. Berries round, size of a small cherry,
nous, equal or double in number to the petals, rarely triple that
when ripe smooth and black.
number as in Monsònia, sometimes some of them are sterile,
Curled-stemmed Leea. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1767. Sh. 5 ft. equal or unequal. Ovary at first 5-celled (f. 119. d.), ending in a
11 L. A'SPERA (Wall. Al. nep. mss.) leaves pinnate, with long thick style, crowned by 5 stigmas (f. 119. e.). Carpels 5, ra-
oblong, lanceolate, serrated, villous, rather scabrous leaflets;
ther membranous, indehiscent, 1-celled, biovulate, at first pressed
stem and branches rather curled at the angles ; anthers free.
h. S. Native of Nipaul.
to the base of the torus, each ending in a style or awn, which is
Rough-leaved Leea. Shrub 6 feet.
closely adnate to the angles of the torus, but after maturity twist-
12 L. ÆQUA’TA (Lin. mant. 124.) stem round, pubescent ; ing variously from the base to the apex, and by their elasticity
leaves pinnate, with lanceolate, acuminated, serrated leaflets, separating the carpels from the torus (f. 119. e.), but still adhering
pubescent when young: h. S. Native of the East Indies.
at the middle to the top of the torus. Seeds solitary in the carpels,
Leèa hirsuta, Blum. bijdr. Corymbs trichotomous. Flowers
small, greenish.
pendulous, exalbuminous. Embryo curved, with a deflexed
Even Leea. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1777. Shrub 6 feet. radicle directed to the bottom of the carpel, with leafy, con-
*** Leaves simple.
volute, or flexuously plicate cotyledons, which are sometimes
lobed.--Herbs or soft-stemmed shrubs, with the young stems
13 L. MACROPHY'LLA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 18. fl. ind. 2. p.
465.) herbaceous; leaves simple, stalked, broad-cordate or lobed,
jointed at the articulations, and separable as in Ampelidee.
posterior lobes overlapping each other; cyme trichotomous;
Lower leaves opposite, upper ones alternate, with the peduncles
root tuberous. 2. S. Native of the East Indies. Leaves from 1-2 opposite the leaves as in Vitis, but never changing to tendrils.
feet long, and nearly as broad. Flowers numerous, small, white. Flowers of various hues, solitary, or umbellate on the peduncles.
Urceolus of stamens with entire divisions. Anthers inverted
within the mouth of the urceolus. Berries much depressed,
The Pelargoniums, commonly called Geraniums, are well known to
size of a small cherry, obscurely 6 or more lobed, with an equal
all gardeners for their beauty, and the facility with which hybrid
number of cells, when ripe black and succulent. The root of varieties are produced among them. M. de Candolle remarks
this plant promises to yield a colour fit for dying ; its taste is that of the true Geraniàceæ some are slightly acid, especially
astringent, and it is mucilaginous.
those with succulent leaves, some exhale a resinous smell, which
Long-leaved Leea. cit. 1806. Pl. 4 feet.
Cult. These plants are scarcely worth cultivating, except in
is sometimes agreeable, but occasionally so powerful as to be
general collections. They will ali thrive well in a mixture of unpleasant. This resinous principle is so powerful in Sarcocaú-
loam and peat, or any light, rich soil, and large cuttings root
lon L'Heretièri, that its stem burns like a torch, and exhales an
readily in sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
agreeable perfume. The most common property of the Euro-
VI. LASIANTHERA (from lacios, lasios, woolly, and av-
pean Geraniums is to be astringent, which is chemically deter-
Onpa, anthera, an anther; anthers hairy). Beauv. Al. d’ow. 1.
mined by their juice being blackened by sulphate of iron; this
p. 85. t. 51. D. C. prod. 1. p. 636.
is particularly remarkable in G. Robertiànum and G. sanguineum,
LIN. SYST. Pentândria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-toothed. which are both accounted vulnerary, and Eròdium moschàtum
bracteolate on the outside. Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 5, in-
and G. praténse, in which it is united to a slight aromatic prin-
serted in the bottom of the corolla ; filaments broad, alternating
with the lobes of the corolla, Anthers oblong, hairy. Style
ciple, whence they have been recommended for various purposes,
short.- A small climbing shrub with simple leaves.
and among others for removing calculous disorders. The G.
1 L. AFRICA'NA (Beauv. fl. d'ow. I. c.). ħu. S. Native of maculatum, which grows in great abundance about Philadelphia
h.v.
VOL.I.PART. VIII.
4 Y
a

714
GERANIACEÆ. I. RHYNCHOTHECA. II. Monsonia.
the roots of which boiled in milk are used for the cholera in II. MONSO'NIA (in honour of Lady Ann Monson, who
children. Barton is of opinion that it would be a good sub- brought many curious plants from India, and who assisted Mr.
Lee in his Introduction to Botany). Lin. fil. suppl. p. 342.
stitute for gum kino in nephrites and obstinate diarrhoeas.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 638.
The order is easily distinguished from the neighbouring orders in
Lin. syst. Polyadélphia, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 equal
the carpels separating from the axis, from the elastic nature of the
sepals, with an awned mucrone at the apex of each. Petals 5,
styles, but which closely adhere to it near the apex, see f. 119.e. equal, twice the size of the calyx. Stamens 15, disposed in 5
bundles, containing 3 anthers each.—Perennial or biennial plants,
Synopsis of the genera.
with toothed, lobed, or decompound leaves, and large, shewy
flowers. Fruit as in Eròdium and Gerànium.
1 RHYNCHOTHE'CA. Sepals 5, equal. Petals wanting. Sta-
mens 10; filaments free.
2 MONSÒNIA. Sepals 5, equal. Petals 5, equal. Stamens 15,
Sect. I. OLOPE'TALUM (from olos, olos, entire, and metalov,
disposed in 5 3-anthered bundles.
petalon, a petal ; petals entire). D. C. prod. 1. p. 638. Stems
herbaceous. Leaves suboval, toothed. Stipulas and bracteas
3 SARCOCAU’lon. Sepals 5, equal. Petals 5, equal. Stamens
awl-shaped, rather firm. Peduncles 1-2-flowered, bearing 2
15, monadelphous at the base.
or 4 bracteas in their middle. Petals obovate, entire.
4 GERA'NIUM. Sepals 5, equal. Petals 5, equal. Stamens 1 M. OVATA (Cav. diss. 4. p. 193. t. 113. f. 1.) leaves ovate-
10, monadelphous at the base, rarely all fertile, but usually with
oblong, rather cordate, crenated, wavy; stipulas stiff; peduncles
the alternate ones fertile, with a gland at the base of each of the
axillary, 1-flowered, each bearing 2 bracteas. 8.G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Gerànium emarginatum, Lin. fil.
fertile ones.
suppl. 306. M. emarginata, Lher. ger. t. 41. Stem filiform.
5 ERO'DIUM. Sepals 5, equal. Petals 5, regular, or irregular. Flowers large, with whitish-yellow petals, having 3 streaks each.
Stamens 10, monadelphous at the base, 5 alternate ones sterile, Ovate-leaved Monsonia. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1774. Pl. 2 foot.
with a gland at the base of each of the sterile ones.
2 M. BIFLORA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 638.) leaves elliptical-
6 PELARGONIUM. Calyx 5-parted, upper segment drawn out
oblong, blunt, toothed, rather wedge-shaped at the base ; sti-
pulas spiny ; peduncles 2-flowered, each bearing 4 bracteas.
into a tube or spur, which is adnate to the peduncle. Petals
4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Burch, cat. afr.
5, rarely 4, irregular. Stamens 10, unequal, monadelphous, 4-7 austr. no. 2611. Flowers the size and colour of those of the
of which are fertile, the rest sterile.
preceding
7 GRIE'LUM. Calyx 5-cleft, without a nectariferous tube. Two-flowered Monsonia. Fl. Aug. ?
Fl. Aug.? Pl. 1 foot.
Petals 5, equal. Stamens 10, all fertile, connate at the base,
,
permanent. Carpels 5, closely connected, 1-seeded.
Sect. II. ODONTOPE'TALUM (from odouç odovtos, odous odon-
tos, a tooth, and metalov, petalon, a petal; petals toothed).
I. RHYNCHOTHECA (from purgos, rhynchos, a beak, and D. C. prod. 1. p. 638. Stems herbaceous. Leaves lobed or
Onkn, theke, a box ; form of capsule). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. multifid. Peduncles long, 1-flowered, furnished with 6 or 8
prod. p. 142. t. 15. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 232. whorled bracteas in the middle. Petals oblong, coarsely toothed
D. C. prod. 1. p. 637.
.
.
at the apex.
LIN.syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 equal sepals. 3 M. LOBA'TA (Mont. act. goth. 2. p. 1. t. 1. ex Willd. spec. .
Petals wanting. Stamens 10, with free filaments. Style short, 3. p. 718.) leaves cordate, 5-7-lobed ; lobes blunt, serrated,
adpressed. Stigmas 5, long, thick. Carpels 5, ending each in pilose beneath as well as the petioles and calyxes. 4. G.
a tail, opening at the base. Ovulæ 2 in each carpel, pendulous, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 385.
2 ,
fixed to the axis. Receptacle columnar, pentagonal.
Seeds
Sweet, ger. 273. Lois. herb. amat. t. 5. M. fília, Lin. fil.
rather keeled. Embryo straight, inverted, placed in a fleshy suppl. 341. Cav. diss. 3. p. 180. t. 74. f. 2. Geranium ane-
albumen.-Shrubs) with spiny branchlets. Branches opposite,
Branches opposite, monoides, Thunb. prod. 112. The flowers of this plant are
tetragonal. Flowers stalked in fascicles at the tops of the said by Mr. Curtis to be more beautiful in the bud than when
branches. This genus differs from Gerànium in being without expanded ; they are variegated with purple, red, white, and
petals, and in the stamens being free, as well as in the seeds greenish on the outside, but pale-blush, with a darker base
being albuminous.
inside. Fruit with a very long beak. Leaves more or less hairy.
1 R. INTEGRIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, l. c. t. 464.) leaves Lobed-leaved Monsonia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1774. Pl. 1 ft.
oblong, entire; sepals somewhat mucronate. h. G. Native 4 M. PILÒSA (Willd. enum. 717.) leaves palmately 5-parted,
of South America, in the temperate parts of Quito, near the with 3-parted, pinnatifid segments, pilose beneath as well as
town of Alausi.
the petioles and calyxes. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Entire-leaved Rhynchotheca. Shrub 6 feet.
Hope. M. fília, Pers. ench. no. 3. Geranium Monsònia.
2 R. DIVERSIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 465.) leaves Thunb. prod. 112. — Sweet, ger. 199. Petals greenish-red
ovate-oblong, entire, or trifid; sepals mucronately awned. on the outside, white within, and red at the base. This is very
h. G. Native of South America, at Pillao and Pamallacta. like the following species.
R. spinosa, Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. syst. p. 142. This shrub is Var. B, suffruticosa (Coll. hort. rip. t. 2.) leaves with 5 pin-
used to make hedges.
natifid segments; flowers large, yellowish on the outside, white
Variable-leaved Rhynchotheca. Shrub 8 feet.
within, and striped with red, with a darker base; ovary and
Cult. Rhynchothèca is a genus of remarkable shrubs, none anthers dark.
of which has as yet been introduced in a living state into Bri- Pilose Monsonia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1778.
Clt. 1778. Pl. 1 foot.
tain. But should they ever be introduced into our gardens, we 5 M. SPECIÒSA (Lin. fil. suppl. 342.) leaves palmately 5-
would recommend their being grown in a mixture of turfy loam, parted, with the segments finely bipinnatifid, and are hairy as
vegetable mould, and sand; and young cuttings will no doubt well as the petioles and calyxes. 4. G. Native of the Cape
root in sand under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
of Good Hope. Curt. bot. mag. t. 73.
Curt. bot. mag. t. 73. Cav. diss. 3. t. 74.
-
-
1

GERANIACEÆ. II. MONSONIA. III. SARCOCAULON. IV. GERANIUM.
715
a
Lher. mss.
4. G.
f. 1. Geranium speciòsum, Thunb. Flowers large, rose-co- less; peduncles rising from the root, much shorter than the
loured, eye purple, greenish outside.
petioles; leaves reniform, 5-7-parted, with 3-cleft lobes.
Var. B, pållida (Sweet, Ger. 1. t. 77.). Flowers straw-co-
4. H.
Native of the Straits of Magellan. G. brévipes,
loured, with a red centre and dark velvety eye.
Flowers purplish.
Shewy Monsonia. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1774. Pl. į foot. Sessile-flowered Crane's-bill. Pl. foot.
Cult. Monsònia is a very shewy genus of herbaceous plants, 2 G. ACAU'LE (Willd. mss. in H. B. et Kunth. nov. gen. amer.
therefore deserve to be cultivated in every greenhouse. Sweet says 5. p. 231.) stemless; peduncles rising from the root, short;
a mixture of light turfy loam and decayed leaves suits the species leaves many-parted, with linear, quite entire segments.
,
best, and they are easily increased by cuttings and by pieces of Native of South America on the Andes about Quito, at the
the roots; tliese should be planted in the same kind of soil re- height of 6600 feet above the level of the sea. Flowers red.
commended for the plants, and a hand-glass placed over them. Stemless Crane's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
III. SARCOCAUʼLON (from oap oapkos, sarx sarkos, flesh, leaves 5-parted, thick, hoary beneath ; segments linear, inter-
3 G. HUMBOLDTII (Spreng. syst. 3. p. 70.) almost stemless ;
and kavlos, kaulos, a stem; stem fleshy). Sweet, hort. brit. p.
73. Monsònia, sect. 1. Sarcocaúlon, D. C. prod. 1. p. 638.
mediate one trifid; peduncles very short ; calyxes and fruit
silky. 2. F. Native of South America. G. potentilloides,
Monsònia, Lher. ger. t. 42.
Willd. herb.
Lin. syst. Monadélphia, Dodecándria. Calyx of 5 equal
Humboldt's Crane's-bill. Pl. į foot.
mucronately-awned sepals. Petals 5, equal, twice as large as the
4 G. SERÍCEUM (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 70.)
sepals. Stamens 15, joined together in one body at the base.
—Shrubs with fleshy, spiny stems, and ovate or oblong, entire
stem very dwarf, woody; petioles dilated, divided ; leaves mul-
tifid, silky-villous; segments linear. 2. G. Native of South
or toothed leaves. Peduncles 1-flowered, each furnished at the
America.
base with 2 small bracteas. Petals entire.
Silky Crane’s-bill. Pl. I foot.
1 S. L'HERITIE'RI (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 73.) leaves ovate,
mucronate, entire, some of them are almost sessile, others on
** Stems trailing or tufted.
long stalks. h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Mon-
5 G. CUCULLA'TUM (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. 5. p. 231.) tufted ;
sònia spinosa, Lher. ger. t. 42. M. L'heritièri, D. C. prod. 1.
branches leafy ; peduncles a little longer than the leaves ; leaves
p. 638. Petioles permanent, spiny. Flowers 2 inches in dia-
5-parted, hollow, ciliated, smooth, intermediate segments bifid
meter, purple.
or trifid; calyxes mucronated. 21. G. Native on mountains
L'Heritier's Sarcocaulon. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1790. Sh. 2 ft.
about Popayan. G. ciliàtum, Willd. herb. Flowers reddish.
2 S. PATERSÒNII; leaves oblong-wedge-shaped, blunt, entire,
Hollow-leaved Crane's-bill. Pl. ? foot.
some of them are almost sessile, others on short petioles. h.G. 6 G. PHILONÒTHUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 639.) stems prostrate;
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Monsònia Patersònii
, peduncles longer than the petioles, furnished with bracteas at the
D. C. prod. 1. p. 638.—Paters. itin. t. 14. Flowers an inch in
diameter, purple. Peduncles, according to the figure, spinescent. wedge-shaped lobes, which are 3-toothed at the apex. 2. G. Na-
base, usually twisted ; leaves kidney-shaped, 3-5-parted, with
Paterson's Sarcocaulon. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1827. Sh. 1 ft. tive of New Holland on the south-west coast. Habit almost of
3 S. BurmaʼNNI (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 73.) leaves oblong- Ranúnculus parviflorus or R. philonòtis, but the plant is smooth.
cuneated, crenate ; branches knotted.H.G.
h. G. Native of the
Cape of Good Hope. Monsònia Burmánni, D. C. prod. 1. p.
Marsh-loving Crane’s-bill. Pl. trailing.
7 G. POTENTILLOÌDES (Lher. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 639.)
638. Geranium spinosum, Burm. ger. no. 2.
Cav. diss. 4. p.
195. t. 75. f. 2.-Burm. afr. p. 81. t. 31. Leaves, according
stems prostrate; peduncles longer than the petioles, and furnish-
ed above the middle with 2 bracteas ; leaves kidney-shaped,
to the figures, some are sessile, others on long petioles. Petioles
5-parted, with trifid lobes. 4. G. Native of New Holland.
permanent, at length becoming spines. Flowers half an inch
Cinquefoil-like Crane’s-bill. Pl. trailing.
in diameter, purple. Stamens are said to be 10, but the
8 G. ARACHNOÍDEUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 102. t. 20.) ele-
number is not sufficiently known. Fruit with twisted awns.
gantly hairy; stem decumbent, slender, branched; radical leaves
Burmann's Sarcocaulon. Fl. July. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 ft.
kidney-shaped, 7-parted, with narrow, lanceolate, trifid seg-
Cult. This is a genus of curious spiny shrubs, bearing beau-
tiful large flowers, sometimes 2 inches in diameter. The species
ments; peduncles filiform, elongated ; fruit villous. 4. G. Na-
tive of Brazil in the province of St. Paul. Petals emarginate, red.
thrive well in a mixture of turfy loam, decayed leaves, and a
Cobwebbed Crane's-bill. Pl. trailing.
little sand ; and cuttings and slips of the roots will root readily
9 G. MULTI'FIDUM (Sweet, ger. 245. but not of D. Don,) stem
in good mould, under a hand-glass.
branched, diffuse, slender, pubescent; leaves silky, white be-
IV. GERA'NIUM (from yepavos, geranos, a crane, the long neath, quinate, or deeply 5-parted ; leaflets and segments 3-part-
beak which terminates the carpels resembles the bill of the ed, multifid, linear; peduncles elongated, 1-2-flowered ; sepals
crane). Lher. ger. D. C. fl. fr. 4.
p.
844.
silky, 3-nerved; petals emarginate, much longer than the calyx.
LIN. SYST.
Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx of 5 equal 2. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals rose-coloured,
sepals (f. 119. a.). Petals 5, equal (f. 119. b.). Stamens 10,
bearded at the base. Filaments slightly fringed.
5 of which are fertile and larger than the sterile 5, alternating Multifid-leaved Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl.
with each other, with a nectariferous gland at the base of each prostrate.
of the larger stamens. Awns of carpels smooth on the inside,
10 G. LANCASTRIE'NSE (With. fl. brit. 600.) stem prostrate,
at length separating elastically from the base to the apex of the
rather tumid at the joints; peduncles axillary, much longer
axis, where it adheres, circinnately revolute.—Herbs, rarely
than the petioles, furnished with 2 bracteas in the middle ;
subshrubs, with palmate-lobed leaves, and 1-2-flowered pe-
leaves opposite, 5-7-parted, with trifid lobes; lobules linear.
duncles, bearing usually beautiful flowers of various hues. 4. H. Native of Europe on the sandy sea-coast; in England
§ 1. Perennials. Peduncles 1-flowered.
on the sandy coast in the Isle of Walney, Lancashire. Flowers
large, beautiful, flesh-coloured, with purple veins. G. pros-
* Plants stemless.
tràtum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 196. t. 76. f. 3.
1 G. sessiLIFLÒRUM (Cav. diss. 4. p. 198. t. 77. f. 2.) stem- Lancashire Crane’s-bill. Fl. July, Sept. Brit. Pl. trailing.
-
4 Y 2

716
GERANIACEÆ. IV, GERANIUM.
*** Stems erect, rarely diffuse.
18 G. MACRORHIZON (Lin, mant. 343.) stem suffruticose at the
base, dichotomous at the apex; leaves smooth, 5-parted, with
11 G. SANGUI'NEUM (Lin. spec. 958.) stems erect or diffuse,
the lobes toothed at the apex ; calyxes globose, inflated; petals
branched; peduncles axillary, much longer than the petioles,
entire, a little reflexed; stamens bending down. 4. H. Native
furnished with 2 bracteas in the middle ; leaves opposite, 5-7-
of Italy, Carinthia, and Greece. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 134. Cav.
parted, with trifid lobes and linear lobules. 21. H. Native of
diss. 4. p. 212. t. 85. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2420. Sweet, ger. 271.
Europe, in bushy, stony, rather hilly situations, or upon lime-
Flowers deep-red, or bright-purple. Peduncles sometimes um-
stone rocks; plentiful in Britain. Cav. diss. 4. t. 76. f. 1.
bellate.
Ed. f. dan. t. 1107. Hook. A. lond. t. 155.
Hook. f. lond. t. 155. Engl. bot. t.
Long-rooted Crane’s-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1576. Pl. 1 ft.
272. G. hæ'matodes, Ray. Roots stout, woody, of a dark-
reddish-brown, and an astringent quality : for other qualities see
** Stems short, permanent at the base.
Gerànium maculatum. Flowers large, of a beautiful crimson or
19 G. INCA'NUM (Lin.spec. 957.) stems trailing ; leaves clothed
blood-colour.
Var. B, villosíssimum (D. C. fl. fr. no. 4541.) stems prostrate,
with white down beneath, 5-7-parted, with multifid, linear lobes ;
and are, as well as the leaves, very villous ; flowers purple, with peduncles elongated ; calyx clothed with pressed, silky hairs
petals entire.
4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—
white claws. 2. H. Native of Europe, particularly in the
Burm. ger. 26. t. 1.
t. Cav. diss. 4. t. 82. f. 2. Leaves almost
south of France, in bushy places.
like those of Potentilla argéntea. Flowers white?
Var. 7, biflorum; peduncles 2-flowered. 24. H. Native of
Hoary-leaved Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1701. Pl. proc.
Switzerland.
20 G. CANE'SCENS (Lher. ger. t. 38.) stems trailing ; leaves
Bloody-flowered Crane's-bill. Fl. July, Sept. Britain. Pl.
hoary beneath, 5-parted, with oblong, deeply-toothed segments ;
;
1 to 2 feet. ß trailing.
peduncles very long, and are, as well as the calyxes, clothed with
12 G. POTENTILLÆFÒLIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 639.) stem
glandular hairs; petals emarginate. 4. G. Native of the Cape
branched, rather diffuse; peduncles axillary, much longer than
of Good Hope. This species is allied on the one hand to G.
the petioles, furnished with 2 bracteas above the middle; leaves
incànum, and on the other hand to G. asphodeloìdes. Flowers
opposite, on short petioles, clothed with white down beneath, 5-
parted, with jagged lobes and linear lobules. 4. 5. Native of pink. This and the preceding species have long trailing stems.
Canescent Crane's-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1787. Pl.
proc.
New Spain. G. pedunculàre, Willd. herb. Flowers very like
21 G. SUBCAULE'SCENS (Lher. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 640.)
those of G. incànum, but the peduncles are 1-flowered.
Cinquefoil-leaved Crane's-bill. Pl. diffuse.
stem very short ; leaves almost radical, villous, rather greyish,
13 G. SIBIRICUM (Lin. spec. 957.) stem erect, rather diffuse,
5-parted, with blunt, 3-toothed lobes ; down on peduncles, and
petioles spreading ; petals very blunt, longer than the villous
branched ; peduncles longer than the leaves, furnished with 2
bracteas beneath the middle ; leaves 5-6-parted, with oblong; asphodeloides, Smith, fl. græc. 2. t. 661.
calyx. 2. H. Native on the top of mount Parnassus. G.
prod. 2. p. 40. Habit
.
deeply-toothed lobes. 2. H. Native of Siberia, Caucasus, and
of G. canéscens. It is probably only a variety of G. asphode-
China. Cav. diss. 4. t. 77. f. 1. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. t. 19.—Gmel.
loides. Flowers red.
sib. 3. t. 67. Corolla lilac, marked with purple stripes.
Subcaulescent Crane's-bill. Pl. foot.
Siberian Crane's-bill. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1758. Pl. 1 to 2 ft.
14 G. CHILOE'NSE (Willd. in H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
22 G. Donia'NUM (Sweet, ger. 338.) stemless ; leaves deeply
5. p. 231.) stem branched, silky, glandularly-pilose; leaves 5-
5-parted, with multifid segments, and linear, blunt lobes, pilose
beneath ; scape tetragonal, ascending, somewhat trichotomous
lobed, pubescent, with oblong, trifid, toothed segments; flowers
at the base, villous. 2. H. Native of Nipaul in Gosaingsthan.
axillary?
2. G. Native of Quito and Chiloe. G. pubescens,
G, multifidum, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 207.
Willd. herb. Flowers white.
. . p
207. Flowers purple.
Calyxes pointed. Herb without, or with a very short stem.
Chiloe Crane's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
15 G. AGAVACE'NSE (Willd. mss. in H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. p.
Don's Crane's-bill. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1817. Pl., foot.
23 G. ARGE'NTEUM (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 324.) stem very short;
231.) stem divaricate, smooth ; leaves 5-parted, with lanceolate,
leaves all almost radical, on long petioles, hoary or silky on both
2-parted segments, intermediate one bifid ; flowers axillary, on
long peduncles. 2. G. Native of Peru, near Ayavaca. G.
4.
surfaces, 5-7-parted, with trifid lobes, and linear lobules; pe-
duncles almost radical ; petals emarginate. 2. F. Native of
partìtum, Willd. herb. Flowers white.
Ayavaca Crane's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
the Alps of Provence, Piedmont, and Carinthia. Sweet, ger. t.
16 G. DIFFU'SUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 1. c.) stems
59. Sims, bot. mag. t. 504.—Pon. bald. t. 342.-Segu. ver. 1.
branched, diffuse, beset with reflexed hairs; peduncles a little
p. 471. t. 10. Flowers large, pale-red, with darker stripes.
shorter than the petioles ; leaves profoundly 5-cleft, covered with
Silvery-leaved Crane's-bill. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1699. Pl. 1 ft.
close-pressed hairs beneath; segments 3-lobed; calyxes mucro-
24 G. CINE'REUM (Cav. diss. 4. p. 204. t. 89. f. 1.) plant
nated. 2. G. Native of Peru on the mountains. Flowers
almost stemless ; leaves almost radical, stalked, clothed with
unknown. Very like G. mólle.
glaucous pubescence, 5-7-parted, with wedge-shaped, trifid lobes;
Diffuse Crane's-bill. Pl. diffuse.
peduncles almost radical; petals emarginate. 4.F. Native of
the Pyrenees. G. vàrium, Lher. ger. t. 37.
. G. cineráceum,
§ 2. Perennials. Peduncles 2-flowered.
Lapeyr. pyr. t. 2. Root as in the preceding, thick, and woody.
Flowers pale-red, with darker stripes.
* Stem permanent, or shrubby at the base.
Grey Crane's-bill. Fl. June, Aug.
Fl. June, Aug. Pl. į foot.
1
17 ANEMONÆFÒLIUM (Lher. ger. t. 36.) stem suffruticose
leaves smooth, palmately 5-cleft, with bipinnatifidly-cleft seg-
* * * Roots tuberous ; stems erect or diffuse.
ments, upper ones 3-parted; peduncles opposite, erect, smooth h. 25 G. TUBEROSUM (Lin. spec. 953.) root almost globose ;
F. Native of Madeira and Teneriffe. Sweet, ger. t. 244. Curt. stem from the base to the fork naked ; leaves many-parted, with
bot. mag. 206. G. palmatum, Cav. diss. 4. t. 84. f. 2. G. læ- linear, pinnatifid, serrated lobes. 24. H. Native in fields from
vigàtum, Burm. ex Lher. mss. Flowers large, purplish-red. Marseilles to Tauria, particularly in Italy and Silesia. Sweet,
Anemone-leaved Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1788. ger. t. 155. Cav. diss. 4. t. 78. f. 1.-Lob. icon. t. 661. f. 2.
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Mor, oxon. 5. t. 16. f. 21. G. radicatum, Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 132.
3

GERANIACEÆ. IV. GERANIUM.
717
a
exclusive of the synonyme of Moris. Flowers large, numerous, surfaces ; lobes 3-toothed, obtuse ; peduncles and calyxes hairy.
purple, elegant. Petals bifid.
24. G. Native of South America.
Tuberous-rooted Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1596. Whole-silky Crane's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
Pl. foot.
34 G. ANGULÒSUM (Curt. bot. mag. t. 203.) stem angular,
26 G. LINEARI’LOBUM (D. C. fl. fr. suppl. p. 628. in a note) erect; radical leaves 7-lobed, cauline ones 5-lobed ; lobes ob-
roots almost globose; stem rather pubescent, naked from the long, pointed, toothed; petals emarginate. 24. H. Native of?
base to the fork ; leaves many-parted, with linear, subdivided, G. venòsum, Pers. ench. 2. p. 235. Flowers pale-red, with
quite entire lobes. 4. H. Native of Siberia in groves and darker veins.
fields, on the lower Volga, and at Cape Caucasus. G. tuberosum, Angular-stemmed Crane’s-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1789.
Bieb. fl. taur. cauc. 2. p. 135. exclusive of the synonymes of Lin. Pl. i} foot.
Cav. Lam. Mor. Flowers red. An elegant plant.
35 G. REFLE’XUM (Lin. mant. 257.) stem erect, round ; leaves
Linear-lobed Crane’s-bill. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 foot. alternate, 5-7-lobed, deeply-toothed, upper ones sessile; petals
27 G. GYMNOCAUʼLON (D. C. prod. 1. p. 640.) root almost reflexed, toothed at the apex; stamens smooth ; carpels trans-
globose ? stem from the base to the divisions naked; upper leaves versely plaited. 2. H. Native of Italy and France. Cav.
3-parted, with pinnate-cut lobes; calyxes ciliated, villous ; petals diss. 4. t. 81. f. 1. Flowers with purple petals, and white
entire. 4. H. Native of Iberia. Root and radical leaves un- stamens.
known. Flowers large, blue.
Reflexed-petalled Crane’s-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1758.
Naked-stemmed Crane’s-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1814. Pl. 1 foot.
Pl. 1 foot.
36 G. PHÆ'UM (Lin. spec. 933.) stem round, forked ; leaves
28 G. ASPHODELOIDES (Willd. in Schrad. jour. 2. p. 26. t. 1.) 5-9-lobed, deeply-toothed, upper ones sessile ; petals spreading,
root tuberous; stem flaccid, diffuse, hispid from reflexed hairs; entire; filaments of stamens hairy at the base; carpels trans-
leaves 5-lobed; lobes trifid, a little cut; peduncles and calyxes versely plaited. h.H. Native of France and Switzerland ; also in
villous ; petals emarginate ; stamens awl-shaped, smooth. 4. England in mountainous thickets, but rare at Tovell near Maid-
H. Native of fields in Greece, about Constantinople, and of the stone. About Clapham, Ingleton, and Newburgh, Yorkshire, as
Levant. Tourn. voy. 1. p. 526. with a figure, ed. germ. 2.
.
.
. well as Lancashire, Cambridgeshire, and Bedfordshire. Smith,
p. 339. t. 36. G. orientale, Mill. dict. no. 10. Flowers dark- engl. bot, t. 322. Oed. fl. dan. t. 987. Cav. diss. 4. p. 210. t.
purple.
89. f. 2. G. phæ'um var. a, vulgatius, D. C. prod. 1. p. 641.
Asphodelus-like-rooted Crane's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
Petals dark-brown, almost inclining to black, with a white spot
at the base of each. Carpels hairy at the base.
**** Stems herbaceous, erect, or diffuse. Roots. fibrous.
Dusky-flowered Crane's-bill. Fl. May, June. Britain. Pl.
29 G. IBE'RICUM (Cav. diss. 4. p. 209. t. 124. f. 1.) stem vil- 1 to 2 feet.
lous, dichotomous, erect; leaves 5-7-parted, with pinnately-cut 37 G. FUSCUM (Lin. mant. 97.) stem round, simple ; leaves
lobes and toothed lobules, villous ; calyxes very villous ; petals 5-9-lobed, deeply-toothed, upper ones sessile ; petals a little re-
obcordate, or somewhat trifid. 24. H. Native of Iberia. Sims, flexed, entire ; stamens hairy at the base ; carpels transversely
bot. mag. t. 1386. Sweet, ger. t. 84. G. grandiflòrum, Guld. plaited. 4. H. Native of the south of Europe. Flowers
.
itin. 1. p. 426. Flowers large, blue. This is a very elegant dirty purple. This species differs from G. phæum, in the
plant.
stems being simple, not forked, and in the leaves being stiffer and
Iberian Crane's-bill. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1802. Pl. 1. foot. more pubescent, as well as in the peduncles being twin, 1-flow-
30 G. NODO'SUM (Lin. spec. 953.) stem erect, tetragonal, ered, not solitary and 2-flowered.
lower leaves 5-lobed, upper ones 3-lobed, with oblong, acumi- Brown-flowered Crane’s-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1759.
nated, serrated lobes ; petals emarginate. 4. H. Native of Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
France and Britain, in the mountainous parts of Cumberland, 38 G. LIVIDUM (Lher. ger. t. 39.) stem round, simple ; radical
and between Hatfield and Welwyn, Herts, in thickets. Smith, leaves 9-lobed, obtuse, deeply-toothed, upper ones 5-lobed,
engl. bot. t. 1091. Cav. diss. 4. p. 208. t. 80. f. 1.—Mor. 2. p. acute ; petals roundish-obcordate, waved ; stamens hairy at the
516. sect. 5. t. 16. f. 22. Carpels downy. Root rather tuber- base ; carpels transversely plaited. 4. H. Native of France and
ous. Flowers rather large, purple, veined. Leaves shining. Switzerland. Sweet, ger. 268. G. pàtulum, Vill. dauph. 3. p.371.
Knotted Crane’s-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. Pl. 1į foot. G. subcæruleum, Schleich. cat. 25. Flowers lead-coloured.
31 G. HERNANDE'SII (Moc. et Sesse, Al. mex. icon. ined. Livid-flowered Crane's-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1775. Pl.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 640.) stem roundish, erect; branches and 1 to 2 feet.
petioles beset with spreading, long hairs; lower leaves 5-lobed, 39 G. ERIOSTE'MON (Fish, ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 641.) stem
upper ones 3-lobed, with oblong, acuminated, serrated lobes; slightly angled, forked, erect; leaves 5-lobed, with ovate, deeply-
petals oblong, cuneated, almost entire. 4. H. Native of Mexico. toothed lobes, lower leaves on long stalks, alternate, upper
Flowers pale-red, veined. Hern. mex. 293. f. 2. This plant is ones sessile, opposite; petals entire, bearded at the base; fila-
probably sufficiently distinct from the following.
ments of stamens very villous, distinct at the base. 4. H.
Hernandes's Crane's-bill. Fl. May, July. Pl. 14 foot.
. Native of Nipaul at Gosaingsthan, and of Dahuria in birch woods.
32 G. MEXICA'NUM (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. Sweet, ger. t. 197. Stem tumid at the joints, and is, as well as
230.) stem erect, beset with reflexed hairs; leaves pedately 5- the leaves, villous. Flowers pale-violet, with white stamens, but
cleft, covered with long close-pressed hairs on both surfaces; purple towards the apex, as well as the stigmas.
segments 3-7-cleft at the apex ; peduncles clothed with glandular Var. B, pallidum (Sweet, ger. t. 197. f. b.) flowers pale-blue.
hairs; calyxes mucronated. F. Native of Mexico between 4. H. Native of Nipaul only.
Guanaxuato and Santa Rosa. G. hírtum, Willd. herb. Flowers Hairy-stamened Crane's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1822. Pl.
pale-red, veined.
I to 3 feet.
Mexican Crane's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
40 G. ERIA'NTHUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 641.) stem erect, round,
33 G. HOLOSERI'CEUM (Willd. herb. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. 73.) almost simple, naked below ; leaves all stalked, palmately 5-7-
stem erect, branched, smooth, covered with stipulas at the base; lobed, with the lobes deeply and acutely serrate-jagged; pedun-
leaves kidney-shaped, 5-lobed, clothed with soft hairs on both cles crowded, short ; calyxes very villous ; petals entire; fila-
4.

718
GERANIACEÆ. IV, GERANIUM.
mrc
14 foot.
ments of stamens pilose. 4. H. Native of Kamtschatka and of North America from Canada to Carolina, in shady woods and
the western coast of North America. Flowers blue.
meadows. Cav. diss. 4. t. 86. f. 2. Bigel. am. med. bot. 1.
Hairy-flowered Crane's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
p. 84. t. 8.-Sweet, ger. 332. Flowers pale-lilac, some-
41 G. SYLVA'TICUM (Lin. spec. 954.) stem round, erect, times as large as those of G. pratense, at others one-half
smooth ; leaves somewhat 5-7-lobed, with the lobes oblong, deep- smaller.
smaller. This species is known in some parts of the mountains
ly-toothed; peduncles rather corymbose; petals somewhat of North America by the name of alum root, on account of the
emarginate, hairy at the claws; filaments of stamens ciliated to astringent taste of its roots, which are very successfully employ-
the middle. 24. H. Native of the north of Europe in thickets ed in curing the flux and dysentery among children, which is a
and pastures. Plentiful in the north of England and Scotland in disease very prevalent in those countries. It may be used in
thickets by the sides of rivers or rivulets. Smith, engl. bot. t. powder or in extract. Its doses are similar to those of kino, a
121. Carpels hairy. Stem beset with reflexed hairs. Flowers drachm or two of the tincture, 20 or 30 grains of the powder,
purple or blue, with crimson veins.
and a quantity somewhat less of the extract. The tincture forms
Wood Crane’s-bill. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. 2 feet. an excellent external application in sore throats and ulcerations
42 G. BATRACHIOI'DES (Cav.
FIG. 119.
of the mouth. The experiments of D. Bigelow indicate the
diss. 4. p. 211. t. 85. f. 1.) stem -
presence of tannin and gallic acid, the former in large quantities.
round, erect, hairy ; leaves with
The proportion of tannin seems considerably to exceed that of
5-7 deep lobes, which are pinnati-
the kino. Alcohol and proof spirit readily dissolve the active
fid, or deeply-serrated; peduncles
6
constituents of the root. The tincture is the most convenient
rather corymbose ; petals entire ;
mode for keeping the article for use.
filaments of stamens awl-shaped,
Spotted Crane's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1732. Pl. 1foot.
ciliated at the middle. 24. H.
46 G. DAHU'RICUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 642.) stem erect,
Native of the south of Europe in
smooth, naked at the base ; cauline leaves opposite, 3-5-parted,
woods. Calyx inflated. Flowers
with cut, acute lobes ; peduncles 3 times longer than the leaves,
larger than those of G. sylvaticum,
fruit bearing ones deflexed; calyxes smoothish; petals entire,
blue. This species differs from
much bearded at the base ; stamens awl-shaped, ciliated. 4. H.
G. sylvaticum in having leaves
Native of Dahuria in bogs. Root with elongated tubers in fasci-
more like those of G. pratense,
cles, as in G. aconitifolium, to which it is very nearly allied.
and in the flowers being larger and
Flowers pale-blue ?
blue, with entire petals, never
Dahurian Crane’s-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
Pl.
notched. We are of opinion that
the double flowering variety of G.
47 G. ACONITIFÒLIUM (Lher. ger. t. 40.) stem rather ascend-
pratense in the gardens is a variety of this species.
ing, smoothish ; leaves rather peltate, 7-9-parted, with jagged
Batrachium-like Crane's-bill. Fl. June,
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. lobes ; peduncles and calyxes villous ; petals entire ; stamens
Pl. 2 feet.
awl-shaped, smoothish. 2. H. Native of the Alps of Dau-
43 G. PRATE'NSE (Lin. spec. 954.) stem round, erect, downy; phiny and Switzerland by the sides of rivulets. G. rivulàre,
leaves 7-parted, with sharply-pinnatifid and deeply-serrated, Vill. dauph. 3. t. 40. Roots fascicled. Flowers white, and
linear lobes; peduncles somewhat corymbose ; petals entire; full of purple lines, but are one-half smaller than those of G.
filaments of stamens smooth, but much dilated at the base. 2. praténse. Anthers purple. Stems rather ascending, not truly
H. Native of Europe in rich, rather moist pastures and thickets. erect.
In several places of Britain in hilly parts; also at Battersea, Monk's-hood-leaved Crane's-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1775.
Harrow, and other places not far from London. Smith, engl. Pl. 14 foot.
bot.t. 424. Curt. fi. lond. fasc. 4. t. 49. Cav. diss. 4.p.210. t. 87. 48 G. BIFÒLIUM (Patrin, ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 642.) stem
f. 1. Delaun. herb. amat. t. 118. G. batrachioides, Rai. syn. smooth, erect, naked under the bifurcation ; radical leaves two,
360. This species is larger in every part than G. sylvaticum. stalked, three times shorter than the stem, the rest opposite, and
Flowers large, blue. Carpels hairy.
sessile, all of which are clothed with pressed hairs, 7-parted, with
Var. , flòre álbo; flowers white.
linear, pinnate-toothed lobes ; calyxes clothed with close-pressed
Var. 7, flòre variegato ; flower variegated with white and villi ; petals entire ; stamens ciliated. 2. H. Native of Da-
blue, sometimes some of the petals are white and others blue. huria about Barnaoul. Flowers blue?
Var. O, flòre pleno ; flowers double, blue; leaves not so much. Two-leaved Crane's-bill. Fl. May, July. Pl. 1 foot.
cut as those of the single varieties, and more hairy. This is 49 G. CÆRU'LEUM (Patr. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 642.) stem
probably a variety of G. batrachioìdes. Found by the late lady smooth, naked at the base, dichotomous ; cauline leaves oppo-
Charlotte Murray in Scotland, near Athol house.
site, 5-7-parted, with pinnate-cut, acute lobes; calyxes very
Meadow Crane’s-bill. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. 2 to 3 ft. villous; petals entire, scarcely puberulous at the base ; stamens
44 G. LO'NGIPES (D. C. mem. soc. gen. 1. p. 442.) stem ciliated. 4. H. Native of Dahuria in fields. Flowers small,
round, erect, smooth; leaves palmate, rather peltate, with 5-7 light-blue. This species is like the three preceding, in having
deeply-cut, oblong lobes ; peduncles very long, from the forks the petals just a little longer than the calyx.
of the branches ; petals entire ; filaments of stamens awl-shaped, Blue Crane's-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 foot.
smooth. 2. H. Native of? G. Londèsii, Link. enum. 2. p. 50 G. CRISTA'TUM (Stev. mem. soc. hist. nat. mosc. 4. p. 50.
196. Flowers large, of a lilac-violet colour. Calyx awned. t. 5.) stem flaccid, simple ; leaves kidney-shaped, 7-lobed ; lobes
Long-stalked Crane's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. trifid ; lobules 3-toothed; peduncles elongated, and are, as well
1 to 12 foot.
as the calyxes, hispid ; petals emarginate, larger than the calyx ;
45 G. MACULA'TUM (Lin. spec. 955.) stem rather angular, carpels crested, as in Onobrychis Càput-Gálli. 4. H. Native
erect, dichotomous, covered with retrograde pubescence; leaves of Albania and Iberia at the river Jucharibasch. G. Albànum,
3-5-parted, with deeply-toothed lobes; radical ones on long Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 137. Flowers purple.
stalks, upper ones opposite, sessile ; petals obovate, entire ; fila- Crested-carpelled Crane’s-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820.
ments of stamens hardly ciliated at the base. 24. H. Native Pl. 1 foot.

GERANIACEÆ. IV. GERANIUM.
719
51 G. PYRENA'ICUM (Lin. mant. 97.) stem erect, branched ; t. 87. f. 2. Upper leaves 3-parted. Flowers purple, each petal
leaves kidney-shaped, 7-lobed ; lobes oblong, blunt, trifid, with marked with 3 brown nerves.
3-toothed lobules; floral leaves 3-parted; petals emarginate, Marsh Crane's-bill. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1732. Pl. decumb.
twice as long as the calyx; carpels keeled, pubescent. 4. H. 58 G. COLLÌNUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 137. suppl. 455.) stem
Native of Europe from Spain to Britain, in meadows and pas- angular, diffuse, and somewhat decumbent, clothed with retro-
tures. In England by a river between Bingley and Keighley, grade pubescence; leaves palmately 5-parted, with somewhat
Yorkshire ; also near Enfield, and about Brompton Chelsea, 3-lobed lobes, deeply serrated ; peduncles and calyxes covered
and elsewhere near London. At East Winch and West Bilney, with clammy villi; petals entire, roundish, hardly longer than
Norfolk; also near Oxford. In Scotland, near Edinburgh, and the calyx ; stamens awl-shaped, smooth. 4. H. Native of
near Forfar. Smith, engl. bot. t. 405. Curt. lond. fasc. 3. t. Tauria and Caucasus, in mountain meadows. Flowers purplish-
42. Cav. diss. 4. p. 203. t. 79. f. 2. G. perénne, Huds. ed. 1. blue; anthers violet. The varieties of this species are truly
p. 265. Root fibrous. Leaves finely hairy, rather soft to the intricate, and are not sufficiently defined.
touch. Flowers light-purple, much larger than those of G. Hill Crane’s-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1815. Pl. rather
mólle. There is also a white flowering variety.
decumbent.
Pyrenean Crane’s-bill. Fl. June, July.
. Britain.
Britain. Pl. 2 to 59 G. WALLICHIA'NUM (D. Don. in bot. mag. t. 2377.)
3 feet.
stem decumbent, purple ; leaves 5-parted, with broadly cuneated-
52 G. UMBRÒSUM (Walds. et Kit. pl. hung. 2. p. 131. t. 124.) ovate, deeply toothed lobes, clothed on both surfaces as well as
lower leaves 7-lobed, with the lobes lobed, upper leaves 3-5- the stem with silky villi; stipulas ovate, obtuse; petals emar-
lobed; petals red, emarginate, or 2-lobed, twice the length of the ginate ; stigmas very long.
ginate; stigmas very long. 4. H. Native of Nipaul in Go-
calyx ; carpels smooth. 4. H. Native of Hungary.
saignsthan. Sweet, ger. t. 90. Flowers large, purple. The
Shaded Crane's-bill. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1804. Pl. 2 feet. whole plant is clothed with silky villi. Leaves opposite.
53 G. NEMORÒSUM (Ten. cat. 1819. p. 60.) stem erect, Wallich's Crane's-bill. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820.
Clt. 1820. Pl. de-
branched ; leaves kidney-shaped, deeply 7-lobed, with trifid cumbent.
lobes and 3-toothed lobules; petals entire, a little larger than 60 G. LAMBE'RTI (Sweet, ger. t. 338.) stem diffuse, genicu-
the calyx ; carpels crested, pubescent when young. 4. H. Na- lately-branched, elongated ; leaves opposite, cordate, 5-lobed,
tive of Naples in groves. . G. Pyrenaicum, var. Y, nemorósum,
7, nemoròsum, pilose on both surfaces, soft ; lobes wedge-shaped, cut, bluntly
D. C. prod. 1. p. 643. Flowers purplish-blue. Like G. pyre- toothed; peduncles 2-flowered; calyxes mucronate; petals
ndicum, but differs in the petals being entire.
large, roundish-ovate, concave, and veiny. 4. H. Native of
Grove Crane’s-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1821. Pl. 2 feet. Nipaul. Flowers large, lilac. Filaments beset with white hairs.
Lambert's Crane's-bill. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1824.
Clt. 1824. Pl. de-
Stems decumbent or procumbent.
cumbent.
61 G. VLASOVIA'NUM (Hort. and D. C. in mem. soc. gen. 1.
54 G. NIPAULE'NSE (D. C. prod. 1. p. 643.) stem procum- p. 441.) stem round, decumbent; leaves with 5 oval, acu-
bent, villous ; leaves 5-lobed, villous; lobes wedge-shaped, minated, deeply toothed lobes ; upper leaves 3-lobed ; stipulas
bluntly and unequally toothed; peduncles elongated, and distinct; petals obovate, entire. 4. H. Native of Siberia?
are, as well as the calyxes, pilose ; petals obovate, somewhat Sweet, ger. t. 228. Flowers pink and beautifully variegated
emarginate, scarcely exceeding the length of the calyx; carpels with darker veins, like those of G. striàtum.
pilose. 4. H. Native of Nipaul on the shady banks of the Vlassove's Crane’s-bill. Fl. May, Aug.
Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. Pl. de-
river called Kuli-Khana. Sweet, ger. t. 12. G. ràdicans, D. C. cumbent.
prod. 1. p. 639. ex D. Don, prod. p. 208. G. quinquenérve, 62 G. striA'TUM (Lin. amon. p. 282.) stem round, decum-
Hamilt. mss. Flowers bright rose-coloured. G. rádicans is bent; lower leaves 5-lobed, upper ones 3-lobed ; lobes ovate,
said to root at the joints by De Candolle, and the leaves are acute, deeply toothed; stipulas free; petals emarginately 2-
said to be only 3-lobed, and the peduncles 1-flowered; it is lobed. 4. H. Native of Italy and Greece. Cav. diss. 4. t.
therefore probably a distinct species.
79. f. 1. Curt. bot. mag. t. 55. Delaum. herb. amat. t. 9.
Nipaul Crane’s-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1819. Pl. trailing. Flowers pink, beautifully striped with darker veins. Carpels
55 G. PARVIFLÒRUM (Willd. enum. 716.) stem somewhat villous at the base. Leaves spotted with brown at the recesses.
decumbent; petioles, peduncles, and calyxes smooth; cauline Striped-flowered Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1629.
leaves opposite, 3-5-parted, with trifid, toothed lobes ; petals Pl. decumbent.
rather shorter than the calyx; stamens smooth. 2. G.Na-
tive of New Holland and Van Diemen's Land. Flowers small,
$ 3. Annual species with 2-flowered peduncles.
of a bright lilac-colour. Petals entire.
Small-flowered Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1816.
Clt. 1816. Pl. 63 G. MÓLLE (Lin. spec. 955.) leaves kidney-shaped, radical
decumbent.
ones 9-lobed, cauline ones 7-lobed; petals bifid, length of awn-
56 G. PILÒSUM (Forst. prod. p. 531.) stem rather decumbent, less calyx; carpels smoothish, wrinkled; seeds even.
branched ; petioles and peduncles hispid with spreading hairs; Native of Europe, in cultivated and waste ground, meadows,
leaves 3-5-parted, with the lobes divided into linear, obtuse, pastures and by way-sides every where; plentiful in Britain.
trifid segments; calyxes ciliated; stamens smoothish. 2. G. Smith, engl. bot. t. 778. Curt. lond. fasc. 2. t. 50. Ed. fi.
Native of New Zealand. Sweet, ger. t. 119. Petals obovate, dan. t. 679. Cav. diss. 4. p. 203. t. 83. f. 3. G. columbìnum,
rather emarginate, pale-purplish.
Ray. syn. 359. Herb of a light hoary green, downy all over
Pilose Crane’s-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1821. Pl. decumb. with fine soft hairs. Flowers rather small, light reddish-purple.
57 G. PALU'STRE (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 323.) stem decumbent, Soft or Common Dove's-foot Crane’s-bill. Fl. April, Aug.
hispid from spreading hairs; leaves 5-7-lobed ; lobes deeply Britain. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
toothed ; peduncles very long, rather hairy, with declinate pedi- 64 G. PUSILLUM (Lin. spec. 957.) leaves rather kidney-
cels; petals entire ; stamens awl-shaped, smooth. 4. H. Na- shaped, with 7 trifid lobes ; petals emarginate, length of awn-
tive from France to Dahuria in subsylvan meadows and marshes. less calyx; carpels pubescent, keeled, not wrinkled ; seeds even;
Sweet, ger. t. 3. Ed. fl. dan. t. 596. Cav. diss. 4. p. 211. anthers only 5. O. H. Native of Europe in gravelly fields
O. H.

720
GERANIACEÆ. IV. GERANIUM.
-
and waste grounds, very common ; plentiful in Britain. Smith, 5 lobes beyond the middle, with the lobes deeply 3-5-cleft;
engl. bot. t. 385. Cav. diss. 4. p. 202. t. 83. f. 1. G. molle peduncles crowded at the apex of the branches ; petals emargi-
ß, Huds. ed. 2. p. 303. G. parviflorum, Curt. lond. fasc. 6. nate, length of awned calyx; carpels hairy; seeds even, smooth.
t. 36. G. malvæfòlium, Scop. carn. 2. p. 37. Lam. fl. fr. 3. O. H. Native of North America in fields, from Virginia to
p. 18.-Vaill. par. 79. t. 15. f.1. Habit and pubescence much
.
Georgia. Cav. diss. 4. t. 84. f. 1. and t. 124. f. 2. G. lanugi-
like the last species, but smaller in every part. Flowers small, nòsum, Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 2. t. 140. differs in the stem, pe-
bluish-purple.
tioles, and peduncles being hispid, and in the petals being pur-
Var. B, humile (Cav. diss. 4. t. 83. f. 2.) leaves more finely plish. Flowers small, white, with red veins.
.
.
cut, and stems dwarfer. O. H.
O. H. Growing with the species G. Carolina Crane's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1725. Pl. 1 ft.
pusillum, Burm. ger. 27.
71 G. VILLÒSUM (Ten. cat. 1819. p. 60.) leaves orbicular, cor-
Small-flowered Crane's-bill
. Fl. Ju. Sept. Brit. Pl. 1 to ft. date, divided into 9 trifid, blunt lobes; corolla twice the length
65 G. ROTUNDIFOLIUM (Lin. spec. 957.) radical leaves kid- of the calyx ; petals emarginate ; stem erect. O. H. Native
ney-shaped, 7-lobed, cauline ones roundish, truncate at the base, of Naples in the marshes of Sila. Flowers red.
5-lobed; lobes trifid; petals entire, length of awned calyx ; Villous Crane's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820. Pl. foot.
carpels hairy ; seeds reticulated. O. H. Native of Europe 72 G. RETRO'RSUM (Lher. mss. D. C. prod. 1. p. 644.) leaves
in waste ground and barren pastures, as also on walls and 5-parted, with trifid, somewhat linear lobes, and 3-toothed, blunt
banks. In Britain, but rather rare. About Bath, Bristol, and lobules; hairs of stems pressed downwards; petals blunt, hardly
London ; at Hackney and Islington, and at Church Bramton, longer than the awned calyx; carpels villous ; seeds reticulated?
Northamptonshire, common in Suffolk, &c. Smith, engl. bot. t. O. H. Native of New Zealand. Flowers red.
157. Cav. diss. 4. p. 214. t. 93. f. 2. G. malvàceum a, Burm. ger. Retrograde-haired Crane's-bill. Pl. Į foot.
24. The whole herb is peculiarly soft, like velvet, with a con- 73. G. BoheʼMICUM (Lin. amoen. 4. p. 323.) leaves 5-lobed ;
siderable degree of viscidity noticed by Haller. In general lobes cuneately-ovate, deeply-toothed; hairs of stem spreading,
appearance it most resembles the usual state of G. mólle. Flowers
hispid ; petals emarginate, length of the long awned calyx; car-
small, reddish-purple.
pels hairy; seeds even, smooth. O. H. Native of Bohemia,
Round-leaved Crane’s-bill. Fl. Ju. Jul. Brit. Pl. Į to 1 ft. Silesia, and Valais, in mountain-woods.-G. lanuginosum, Lam.
66 G. AʼLBICANS (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 103.) radical leaves kid- dict. 2. p. 655. is a native of Numidia, and agrees with this
ney-shaped, orbicular, deeply 5-7-cleft, covered with adpressed species according to the description.—Cav. diss. 4. p. 206. t.
pili; upper leaves truncate at the base ; petals hardly emarginate, 81. f. 2.–Dill. elth. t. 133. f. 160. The whole herb is downy
a little longer than the calyx; carpels obovate, pilosely-pubes- and viscid. Flowers rather large, bluish-purple.
cent; seeds reticulated. O. H. Native of Brazil in the provinces Bohemian Crane's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Člt. 1683. Pl. ft.
1
of Cisplatine and Rio Grande do Sul. Stems diffuse, hairy, as 74 G. DIVARICA'Tum (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 164.) leaves 5-lobed,
well as the peduncles and petioles. Petals pale-purple, ciliated upper ones 3-lobed; lobes oblong, coarsely and irregularly tooth-
at the claws. Filaments villous.
ed; stem hispid, with spreading hairs; petals emarginate, rather
Whitish-leaved Crane's-bill. Fl. June, July. Pl. spreading.
Fl. June, July. Pl. spreading. longer than the calyx, which is a little awned ; carpels scabrous,
67 G. PAʼLLENS (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 138.) lower leaves wrinkled above; seeds even, smooth. O.H. Native of Hun-
stalked, upper ones sessile, palmately 5-parted, with 3-lobed gary, Valais, and Caucasus. Walds. et Kit. pl. hung. 2. t. 123.
lobes ; petals entire, a little longer than the awned calyx; car- G. nòvum, Wint. icon. t. 2. G. Wintérli, Roth. cat. 2. p. 78.
pels hairy; seeds reticulated. O. H. Native of Western Flowers small, purplish.
Iberia. Habit and pubescence much like that of G. rotundi- Divaricated Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1799. Pl.
fölium. Flowers small, reddish-purple, or almost white.
to 1 foot, decumbent.
Pale-flowered Grane's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1827. Pl. 75 G. LUCIDUM (Lin. spec. 955.) plant quite smooth ; leaves
to 1 foot. .
roundish, 5-lobed, shining; calyx pyramidal, angular, trans-
68 G. COLUMBÌNUM (Lin. spec. 959.) leaves 5-parted, with versely wrinkled ; carpels muricated, triply keeled. O. H.
multifid, linear-lobes ; petals emarginate, length of awned calyx ; Native of Europe on walls, cottage roofs, and moist rocks,
carpels smooth, even ; seeds reticulated. O. H. Native of chiefly in mountainous parts; plentiful in several parts of Bri-
Europe in corn-fields and hedges; in Britain in fields, or tain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 75. Hook. fl. lond. t. 32. Oed. A.
on dry banks on a gravelly or limestone soil, but sparingly. dan. t. 218. Cav. diss. 4. p. 214. t. 80. f. 2. Herb shining,
Smith, engl. bot. t. 259. Cav. diss. 4. p. 200. t. 82. f. 1. Ed. succulent, turning bright red when exposed to the sun, quite
fi. dan. t. 1222. The whole herb is slender, mostly procum- smooth, except a few variable scattered hairs on the foliage.
bent, bright green, clothed with small, rigid, bristly hairs, those Stems spreading in every direction. Flowers small, bright rose-
of the stem and stalks pointing downwards, the rest upwards. coloured.
Flowers of a bluish rose-colour.
Shining Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Britain. Pl. į to 1 ft.
Columbine Crane’s-bill. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. pro- 76 G. ROBERTIA'NUM (Lin. spec. 955.) leaves 3-5-parted,
cumbent, seldom erect.
with trifid, pinnatifid lobes ; petals entire, twice the length of the
69 G. DISSE'CTUM (Lin. spec. 956.) leaves 5-7-parted, with angular, awned calyx; carpels downy, reticulately-wrinkled, sim-
trifid, linear lobes ; petals emarginate, length of awned calyx; ply-keeled ; seeds even, smooth.
ply-keeled ; seeds even, smooth. O. H. Native of Europe
in
carpels pilose ; seeds reticulated. O. H. Native of Europe waste ground, on walls, banks, and under hedges, frequent ;
and Iberia on barren gravelly waste ground, hedges, and fallow plentiful in Britain. It is also to be found in Brazil and
fields ; plentiful in Britain; also of North America in fields Chili. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1486. Curt. fl. lond. fasc. 1. t. 52.
near New York. Smith, engl. bot. t. 753. Curt. f. lond. fasc. Cav. diss. 4. p. 215. t. 86. f. 1. Oed. fl. dan. t. 694. Stems
6. t. 45. Cav. diss. 4. p. 199. t. 78. f. 2. Ed. fl. dan. t. 936. spreading in every direction, and partly recumbent, red, brittle,
Stems weak, straggling, rather angular, beset with deflexed and succulent, a little hairy at one side. Flowers small, bright
hairs. Leaves hairy Flowers pale-crimson, rather small. crimson. Calyx brownish, hairy, with 10 angles when closed.
Dissected-leaved Crane’s-bill. Fl. May, June. Britain. Pl. The whole herb has a strong disagreeable smell. Bugs are said
1 foot long
to avoid it. In autumn it assumes a deep-red hue. A decoc-
A
70 G. CAROLINIA'NUM (Lin. spec. 956.) leaves divided into tion of the herb has been known to give relief in calculous cases.
a
a

GERANIACEÆ. IV. GERANIUM. V. ERODIUM.
721
It is considerably astringent, and is given to cattle when they perennial kinds are to be increased by dividing the plants at
make bloody water, or have the bloody flux.
the root in spring or autumn, and the whole may be increased by
Var. B, marítimum ; leaves more shining, as well as more seeds, which ripen in abundance. The annual kinds are in
fleshy. O. H. Native of Britain, near the sea in Dorsetshire, general not so shewy as the perennial species ; the seeds of them
Selsy Island, Sussex. Flowers deep-crimson.
only require to be sown in the open border early in spring.
Var. y, incisum (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 102.) stems shorter,
more diffuse, and more hairy ; leaves more cut and smaller. In V. ERO'DIUM (from epwdios, erodios, a heron ; form of
Brazil.
carpels resembling the head and beak). Lher. ger. icon. et text.
)
.
Var. d, albiflorum ; flowers white. O. H. Native of En- ined. D. C. f. fr. 4. p. 838. prod. 1. p. 644.
.
gland, on rocks near Bristol. G. Briceanum, Sweet, hort. brit. LIN. syst. Monadélphia, Pentándria. Calyx of 5 ovate, glan-
Herb Robert or Stinking Crane’s-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Britain. dular, pointed, concave, permanent sepals. Petals 5, regular or
Pl. I to foot.
irregular. Stamens 10, monadelphous at the base, 5 of which
75 G. PURPU'REUM (Vill. dauph. 3. p. 374. t. 40.) hairy ; are fertile, the alternate 5 sterile, with a gland at the base of
leaves 3-5-parted, with trifid, pinnatifid lobes; petals entire, a each of the sterile filaments. Awns of carpels bearded on the
little longer than the angular, awned calyx; carpels transversely inside, and at length spirally twisted, adhering by their points to
wrinkled; seeds even, smooth. $. H. Native of Dauphiny, the top of the style.—Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves various in
on rocks. G. Robertiànum B, purpureum, D. C. prod. 1. p.
form.
Stipulas membranous. Peduncles generally many-
644. Stem ascending. Flowers bright-crimson. Very like the flowered, very seldom 1-flowered. Every part of the plants,
preceding, but is easily distinguished by the leaves being 5 times when bruised, emit a strong peculiar odour.
smaller ; petals shorter ; carpels with 3 transverse wrinkles each.
§ 1. Leaves pinnate or pinnatifid.
Herb with a strong disagreeable scent.
Purple Herb-Robert or Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt.
* Stemless.
1819. Pl. įfoot.
1 E. TATA'RICUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 625.) stemless; pedun-
76 G. MosQUE'NSE (Goldb. mem. soc. mosc. 5. p. 133.) stem cles usually 2-flowered ; leaves pubescent, pinnate; leaflets pin-
erect, corymbosely-panicled ; leaves 3-5-parted, with very nar- natifid, with linear lobes; rachis naked between the segments;
row, cuspidate segments; petals entire, longer than the calyx. petals ob
petals obovate, twice as long as the calyx. 4. H. Native of
O. H. Native of Russia, in marshes about Moscow. Herb Tartary and Ulterior Siberia. Root about the thickness of the
with a very faint smell. It differs from G. Robertiànum in the little finger. Flowers blue or violet.
stem being corymbosely-panicled, erect, not dichotomous, nor Tartarian Heron's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
diffuse, and with the segments of the leaves much narrower, cus- 2 E. SUPRACA'NUM (Lher. ger. t. 2.) stemless; peduncles
pidate, not obtuse.
2-4-flowered ; leaves hoary above, pinnate, with pinnatifid
Moscow Herb-Robert or Crane's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Pl. leaflets, and lanceolate-linear lobes ; rachis toothed between
1 foot.
the segments; petals retuse, twice as long as the calyx. 2.H.
77 G. INODÒRUM ; diffuse, hairy ; leaves opposite, ternate, Native of Spain near Barcelona on rocks in the mountains.
and quinate, trifidly-pinnatifid; peduncles 2-flowered; petals Geranium rupestre, Cav. diss. 4. t. 90. f. 4. Root thick, woody.
entire, twice the length of the awned calyx; carpels reticulated.
Flowers bluish-purple.
7. H. Native of North America, from New York to Virginia, Hoary-above-leaved Heron's-bill. Pl. I foot.
in shady moist places on rocks. G. Robertiànum, Pursh, f. 3 E. PETRÆ'UM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 625.) stemless ; peduncles
amer. sept. 2. p. 449. Flowers pale-red. Like the four pre-
many-flowered ; leaves smoothish, pinnate, with pinnatifid seg-
ceding species, but without that strong disagreeable smell. ments and lanceolate-linear lobes ; rachis toothed between the
Scentless Herb-Robert or Crane's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. segments; petals retuse, twice as long as the calyx. 4. H.
1800. Pl. { foot.
Native of the south of France on dry exposed rocks. Geranium
petræ'um, Gouan. ill. 45. t. 21. f. 1. Cav. diss. 4. p. 224. t. 96.
† Species not well known.
f. 2. Geranium foe'tidum, Park. theatr. 709. E. foetidum, Lher.
78 G. RANUNCULOÌDES (Burm. ger. no. 4.) peduncles very ger. ined. no. 6. Leaves smoothish. Peduncles and petioles
long, 1-flowered ; leaves orbicular, multifid; root tuberous ; beset with spreading hairs. Flowers purple.
branches dichotomous. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Var. B, crispum (Lapeyr. abr. 390.) leaves more villous, and
Hope. This species is probably distinct from G. canescens. more curled. 2. H. Native of the Pyrenees on rocks.
Crowfoot-like Crane's-bill. Pl.
Var.
7 lùcidum (Lapeyr. abr. 390.) leaves smooth. 4. H.
79 G. LUPINOIDES (Burm. ger. no. 65.) peduncles radical, Native of the Pyrenees on rocks.
twin, bifid, twice the length of the petioles ; leaves orbicular, cut, Rock Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1640. Pl. I foot.
downy; lobes linear. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good 4 E. GLANDULÒSUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 628.) stemless ; pe-
Hope.-Pluk. t. 186. f.3. This species comes near to G. ar- duncles many-flowered ; leaves clothed with glandular pubes-
génteum.
cence, pinnate, with bipinnatifid segments and lanceolate linear
Lupine-like Crane's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
lobes; rachis toothed between the segments; petals somewhat
Cult. The hardy, perennial, herbaceous kinds of Gerànium equal, twice the length of the calyx. 4.H. Native of Spain
are mostly beautiful plants, with shewy flowers, of various hues; and the Pyrenees. E. macradènum, Lher. ger. t. 1. Geranium
these are well adapted for ornamenting flower-borders; they glandulòsum, Cav. diss. 5. t. 125. f. 2. Geranium radicatum,
will thrive well in any common garden soil
, except the G. argén- Lapeyr. pyr. t. 1. Corolla pale-violet; petals acute, the two
teum and the Nipaul species, which should be grown on rock- broadest ones dark-purple at the base, and with branched lines.
work or in pots, in order that they may be protected during Glandular Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1798. Pl. į ft.
winter. A mixture of loam, peat, and a little sand, will suit 5 E. TRICHOMANEFÒLIUM (Lher. ined. no. 3. D. C. prod. 1.
these last well. The green-house and frame species will thrive p. 645.) stemless; peduncles 4-flowered ; leaves hairy, rather
best in a mixture of loam and peat, or any light vegetable soil ; glandular, bipinnate, with oblong-linear lobules; petals blunt, a
these are readily increased by cuttings, planted in the same kind little longer than the calyx. 4. H. Native of mount Libanon.
of soil, or from cuttings of the roots, but the hardy herbaceous, Flowers flesh-coloured, and marked with darker lines,
VOL. I.PART VIII.
4 Z

722
GERANIACEÆ. V. ERODIUM.
1.H.
Maiden-hair-leaved Heron's-bill. Pl. foot.
Var. 5, pilòsum (Thuil. fl. par. ed. 2. p. 347.) plant many-
6 E. PRÆ'cox (Cav. diss. 5. t. 126. f. 2.) stemless; peduncles stemmed, rather prostrate, clothed with long hairs ; leaflets finely
2-flowered; leaves pinnate, with oblong, obtuse, unequally- pinnatifid; flowers deep-purple. 0. H.
O. Native of Europe, in
toothed leaflets, clothed with white hairs all over. 2. H. Na-
sandy places.
tive of Spain between Aranjuez and Lake Antigola. E. cicu- Hemlock Heron's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Britain. Pl. prostrate.
tàrium a præ'cox, D. C. prod. 1. p. 646. Flowers rose-coloured,
.
12 E. PIMPINELLÆFOLIUM (Cav. diss. 4. t. 126. f. 1.) stem
with darker lines at the base. This species comes very near decumbent, rather pilose, at length rather erect; leaves on long
E. pimpinellæfòlium, but differs in being without the stem, as petioles, pinnate; leaflets sessile, pinnatifid, acutely-cut; pe-
well as in being clothed with white hairs.
duncles many-flowered; petals hardly longer than the calyx.
Early Heron’s-bill. Pl. I foot.
Native of France and Germany in barren places. Ge-
** Species almost without stems.
rànium cicutàrium ß, pimpinellæfòlium, D. C. prod. 1. p. 646.
7 E. CHRYSA'NTHUM (Lher. ined. no. 2. D. C. prod. 1. p.
Flowers purple. This species is very like E. cicutàrium, but
645.) almost stemless; peduncles 3-4-flowered ; leaves clothed
differs in the cotyledons being cordate, undivided, not 3-lobed,
with close-pressed silky down, bipinnate, with linear lobules ;
as well as the leaflets being broader at the base, and in the petals
petals roundish, longer than the calyx. 24. H. Native of mount
being smaller, or equal in length to the calyx, not longer.
Parnassus, and probably of mount Olympus. E. absinthioides,
Pimpernell-leaved Heron's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1800.
Pl. decumbent.
Smith, fl. græc. t. 652. ex prod. 2. p. 34. A very distinct spe-
cies, with yellow flowers.
13 E. BIPINNATUM (Cav. diss. 5. t. 126. f. 3.) stem diffuse,
Yellow-flowered Heron's-bill. Pl. į foot.
decumbent, smooth ; leaves pinnate, with deeply-bipinnatifid leaf-
8 E. ROMA'NUM (Willd. spec. 1. p. 630.) almost stemless ;
lets, divided into linear lobes ; peduncles 2-flowered; petals un-
leaves pinnate, with ovate pinnatifid leaflets; peduncles many-
equal. O. H. Native of Numidia in sandy places. G. Nu-
flowered ; petals equal, longer than the calyx. 2. H. Native
mídicum, Poir. barb. 2. p. 101. E. Petroselinum, Lher. diss.
no. 9. Geranium Æthiópicum, Lam. dict. 2.
of Montpelier and Italy, by way-sides. Geranium Romanum, Lin.
655. E. cicu-
p.
spec. 951. Cav. diss. 4. t. 94. f. 2.- Barrel. icon. rar. t. 1245.
. t
tàrium var. 5, bipinnatum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 647. Flowers rose-
Root thick, red within. Flowers purple. Resembles E. cicu-
coloured. This species differs from E. cicutàrium, in the stems
tàrium.
being smooth, as well as in the leaflets being divided into very
Roman Heron's-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1724. Pl. foot.
narrow lobes.
9 E. CAUCALIFÒLIUM (Sweet, ger. t. 6.) stemless; peduncles
Bipinnate-leaved Heron’s-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1803.
Pl. decumbent.
many-flowered; leaves pinnate ; leaflets alternate, on short
stalks, pinnatifid, or deeply toothed; common petiole naked,
14 E. HISPIDUM (Presl. A. cech. ex Spreng. syst. 3. p. .) stem
hairy; petals ovate, obtuse, densely-ciliated at the base, twice prostrate, clothed with retrograde bristles; leaves bipinnatifid,
the length of the calyx. 4. H. Native of France. E. alpí- hoary from pubescence on both surfaces ; segments linear, acute;
num, Desf. hort. par. Root tuberous. Flowers rose-coloured, stipulas ovate, scarious ; peduncles many-flowered; petals about
with a blue centre. Resembles E. Romànum.
equal in length with the calyx. O ? H. Native of Sicily. Ge-
Caucalus-leaved Heron’s-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1816.
rànium laciniàtum, Biv. pl. sic. Flowers blue ?
Pl. { foot.
Hispid-stemmed Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Pl. prostrate.
10 E. CICUTÆFÒLIUM (Thuil. fl. par. ed. 2. p. 347.) almost
15 E. MOSCHATUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 631.) stem procumbent,
stemless ; leaves pinnate, with sessile, oblong, bluntly-cut leaf- hairy ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets nearly sessile, elliptical, unequally
lets; rachis toothed between the leaflets ; petals length of calyx,
cut; peduncles many-flowered, clothed with glandular pubes-
2 of which are somewhat emarginate. O.H. Native of France
cence; perfect stamens toothed at the base. Õ. H. Native of
in dry exposed places. E. cicutàrium e, cicutæfòlium, D. C.
Europe, north of Africa, also of Peru, and at the Cape of Good
prod. 1. p. 647. Flowers pale-red or rose-coloured.
Hope, in mountainous pastures. In Britain between Bristol and
Cicuta-leaved Heron's-bill. Fl. Ap. Sept. Clt. 1816. Pl. į ft.
St. Vincent's rocks ; very common in Craven, Yorkshire ; on
Shotover hill, near Oxford; on Ampthill Warren, Bedford-
*** Stems prostrate or procumbent.
shire. Smith, engl. bot. t. 902. Geranium moschàtum, Lin.
11 E. CICUTA'RIUM (Leman, ind. D, C. fl. fr. 4. p. 840.) spec. 951. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. t. 55.
D.
Cav. diss. t. 94. f. 1.
stem procumbent, hairy ; leaves pinnate, with sessile pinnatifid- This species is nearly akin to E. cicutàrium, but differing in the
cut leaflets; peduncles many-flowered ; petals nearly regular. larger paler leaflets, much less deeply cut, and in the powerful
O. H. Native throughout the whole of Europe, north of musky smell, as well as the greater viscidity of the whole herb-
Africa, and the Levant, in waste ground, and among rubbish ; age.
Flowers rose-coloured. There is a variety of this which
plentiful in Britain ; also about Conception in Chili. Smith, is smooth, except the stem and ribs of the leaves, which are
engl. bot. t. 1768. Gerànium cicutàrium, Lin. spec. 951. Curt. clothed with glandular pubescence.
f. lond. fasc. 1. t. 51. Petals rose-coloured, with 3 dark lines Musky Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Britain. Pl. trailing.
at the base, nearly regular. Awns of carpels smooth.
16 E. LACINIA'TUM (Cav. diss. 4. p. 228. t. 113. f. 3.) plant
Var. B, álbum; stem prostrate, hairy; flowers white; petals smooth; stem prostrate, diffuse; leaves trifidly bipinnatifid; lo-
unequal. O. H. Native of Britain by the sea-side, in barren bules linear, acute, lower leaves usually 3-lobed ; stipulas and
sandy places.
bracteas ovate, scarious ; peduncles many-flowered. O.H. Na-
Var. y, pimpinellæfòlium ; flowers rose-coloured, with 2 or 3 tive of the south of Europe from Crete to Spain. Geranium laci-
of the petals marked with a green depression towards the claw, niàtum, Desf. atl. 2. p. 110. There are two varieties of this species.
but this circumstance is extremely variable. 0. H. Native of
O.
The first with the leaves all jagged. G. laciniàtum, Lher. ined.
England, near Hackney, about Oxford. On sandy ground near no. 15. The second with the lower leaves 3-lobed. G. diphyllum,
the sea, or on chalky ground.
Lher. ined. no. 18. Petals blue, a little longer than the calyx.
Var. ε, chærophyllum (Cav. diss. 4. t. 95. f. 1.) plant many- Jagged-leaved Heron’s-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1794. Pl.
stemmed, rather prostrate; leaflets finely pinnatifid; flowers pale- prostrate.
blue ; petals rather unequal. O. H. Native of Europe in dry 17 E. MILLEFÒLIUM (Willd. in H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
stony places. Awns of carpels bearded.
amer. 5. p. 228.) steins procumbent, diffuse, hispid ; leaves bi-
1
1

GERANIACEÆ. V. ERODIUM.
723
pinnatifid, with toothed, acuminated segments, hispid beneath ; Greece. Gerànium alpinum, Burm. ger. no. 31. Cav, diss. 4.
stipulas ovate; peduncles many-flowered. O. H. Native of p. 229. t. 96. f. 1. Root tuberous. Flowers purple.
South America, at the bottom of the burning mountain of Coto- Alpine Heron’s-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1814. Pl. 1 foot.
. .
paxi. Flowers violet.
26 E. STEVE'NI (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 132.) stem diffuse, rather
Thousand-leaved Heron’s-bill. Fl. Ju. Jul. Pl. procumbent. hoary; peduncles usually 3-flowered ; leaves smoothish, pinnate ;
18 E. Morane’NSE (Willd. in H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. leaflets bipinnatifid, alternate, entire, and trifid ; petals obtuse,
5. p. 228.) stems procumbent, hairy ; leaves bipinnatifid, acute, twice the length of the calyx. 4. H. Native of Cape Caucasus.
hairy beneath ; peduncles many-flowered. O. H. Native of Flowers bluish. Segments of leaves linear.
Mexico, near Moran. Flowers violet.
Steven's Heron’s-bill. Pl. to 1 foot.
Moran Heron’s-bill. Fl. June, July. Pl. procumbent.
.
.
27 E. STYLA'TUM (Leman, in herb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 646.)
**** Stems erect, diffuse, or ascending.
stem smoothish, diffuse; peduncles 3-4-flowered ; leaves smooth,
bipinnate; lobules linear; rachis entire; sepals and beaks of
19 E. ABSINTHOIDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 627.) stem ascend- carpels downy; style very long. 4. H. Native of ? One of
ing; peduncles usually 4-flowered ; leaves rather pubescent, bi- the petals is shorter than the calyx. This is a very distinct
pinnate, with linear, acute lobules; rachis toothed ; petals ob- species, with the habit of Grièlum. Flowers bluish-purple?
tuse, emarginate, larger than the calyx. 24. H. Native of Long-styled Heron’s-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1826. Pl. Z ft.
Armenia.—Tourn. cor. 20. no. 5. Lher, ger. ined. no. 1. Stem 28 E. CRASSIFÒLIUM (Desf. atl. 2. p. 111.) stem branched,
simple. Root thick. Leaves resembling those of Artemèsia diffuse, puberulous ; leaves thick, pinnately jagged, with linear
absinthium, hoary. Flowers purple?
lobules; peduncles 2-4-flowered ; bracteas ovate, scarious ;
Wormwood-like Heron's-bill. Pl. { foot.
awns of carpels very long, feathery. 4. H. Native of North
20 E. FUMARIOI'DES (Stev, mem. soc. mosc. 4. p. 49.) stem Africa in sandy places near Cafsa. Sweet, ger. t. 111. Leaves
ascending ; peduncles usually 4-flowered ; leaves rather pubes- smooth. Petals equal, rose-coloured or blue.
cent, bipinnate, with linear, obtuse leaflets; rachis toothed; Var. B, salinàrium (Sibth. ined. in herb. Lher. D. C. prod.
petals emarginate, a little larger than the calyx. 4. H. Native 1. p. 646.) leaves pubescent. 4. H. Native of the Island of
p
of Eastern Caucasus, by the sides of rivulets. Flowers violet- Cyprus, near the salt marshes of Arnaca. E. crassifolium,
coloured, obscurely striped. This species is probably not suffi- Lher. ined. no 5. Flowers blue?
ciently distinct from the preceding.
Thick-leaved Heron's-bill. Fl. Mar. Aug. Clt. 1788. Pl. ft.
Furnitory-like Heron's-bill. P. 1 foot.
29 E. HÍRTUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 632.) stem branched, dif-
3
21 E. PULVERULE'NTUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 632.) stem decum- fuse, villous ; leaves hairy, somewhat bipinnate, with lanceolate,
bent at first, but at length becoming erect, hoary with crowded acute lobules ; stipulas lanceolate; peduncles many-flowered,
short down; peduncles many-flowered; petals obtuse, a little clothed with glandular hairs. 4. H. Native of Egypt. Ge-
longer than the calyx; leaves pinnatifid, hoary, with cut or rànium hírtum, Forsk. descr. 123. Jacq. eclog. 1. p. 85. t. 58.
toothed segments. 4. H. Native of Spain, on little sandy hills, Root woody. Flowers violet.
between Aranjuez and Lake Antigola. Gerànium pulverulen- Hairy Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
Clt. 1818. Pl. foot.
tum, Cav. diss. 5. p. 272. t. 125. f. 1. E. pulverulentum ß, 30 E. CICÒNIUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 629.) stem ascending, and
Hispánicum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 655. Flowers pale-violet. Pe- is as well as the leaves rather villous ; leaves pinnate, with blunt
duncles 4-5-flowered.
pinnatifid, toothed leaflets; rachis toothed between the seg-
Powdery Heron's-bill. Pl. foot.
ments; peduncles many-flowered; petals length of calyx, 2
22 E. TUNETA'NUM ; stem reclinately erect, hoary with of which are rather emarginate. O. H. Native in the region
crowded short down, as well as the leaves, which are bipinnate, of the Mediterranean, in fields
among
rubbish. Geranium ci-
with finely cut lobules; peduncles 7-8-flowered ; petals obtuse, cònium, Lin. spec. 952. Jacq. hort. vind. 1. p. 7. t. 18. Cav.
.
a little longer than the calyx. 4. H. Native of North Africa, diss. 4. p. 228. t. 95. f. 2.-Colum. ecphr. 1. p. 136. t. 135.
in sandy places near Cafsa. Geranium pulverulentum, Desf
. Flowers blue. Sepals with long points.
atl. 2, p. 111. E. pulverulentum, Lher. ined. no. 4.
Var. B, eréctum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 464.) stem erect. 0. H.
verulentum a, Tunetànum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 645.
,
Native of Tauria.
Tunis Heron's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
Stork's Heron's-bill. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1711. Pl. 1 foot.
23 E. ANTHEMIDIFÒLIUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 131.) stems 31 E. TORDYLIOÌDES (Lher. ined. no. 14. D. C. prod. 1.
branched, diffuse ; peduncles many-flowered, hispid from rather p. 647.) caulescent, but sometimes almost stemless ; leaves
clammy, short down ; leaves clothed with hoary pubescence, villous, pinnate, with ovate lobed, sharply toothed leaflets; pe-
bipinnate, with linear lobules ; rachis toothed ; petals rather duncles many-flowered, very long. 2. H. Native of Algiers in
emarginate, longer than the calyx. 4. H. Native of western the fissures of rocks. Geranium tordylioides, Desf. atl. 2. p.
.
Iberia. Flowers bluish.
107. Calyxes striated, awned. Petals pale-blue.
Anthemis-leaved Heron's-bill. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. Tordylium-like Heron's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
24 E. STEPHANIA'NUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 625.) stem villous,
3
32 E. BÒTRYS (Bert. amoen. itin. p. 35.) stem hispid from
branched ; peduncles 2-5-flowered ; leaves smoothish, bipinna- rather trigonal bristles ; leaves sinuately-pinnatifid ; lobes blunt,
-,
tifid ; lobes decurrent; lobules linear; petals obtuse, hardly toothed; peduncles 2-4-flowered ; calyx pubescent, with short-
;
longer than the long-pointed sepals. 4. H. Native of Dahuria pointed sepals. O. H. Native of the south of Italy, Corsica,
on hills, and in the desert of the Kirghises. Geranium multífi- and Mauritania. E. gruinum B, Willd. spec. 3. p. 634. Ge-
dum, Patr. ined. Flowers blue. Lower lobes of leaves almost rànium bòtrys, Cav. diss. 4. t. 90. f. 2.—Bocc. mus. 2. p. 145.
p.
palmate-parted.
t. 109. Stems diffuse and erect. Leaves more or less cut.
Stephan's Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Cit. 1820. Pl. 1 Bristles on the lower part of the stem reflexed. Flowers blush.
to 2 feet.
Grape Heron's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. ft.
25 E. ALPINUM (Lher. ger. t. 3.) stem smoothish, branched ;
§ 2. Leaves somewhat 3-lobed or undivided.
peduncles many-flowered ; leaves smoothish, bipinnatifid; rachis
toothed ; lobules linear; petals obtuse, longer than the long-
Stems diffuse or erect.
pointed sepals. 4. H. Native of the mountains of Italy and 33 E. MURCINUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 636.) stems diffuse,
E. pul-
4 z 2

724
GERANIACEÆ. V. ERODIUM.
-
-
smooth, branched ; leaves pinnatifid, somewhat 3-parted, lobes 41 E. MALOPOÌDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 640.) stem erect,
blunt, crenated, middle one longest ; peduncles many-flowered ; sometimes almost stemless ; leaves ovate, somewhat cordate,
calyxes streaked with lines. O. H. Native of Spain in the crenated, sometimes rather lobed; peduncles 3-4-flowered ;
province of Murcia and of the north of Africa. Geranium awns of carpels bearded. 4. H. Native of Egypt, Algiers,
Murcinum, Cav. diss. 5. t. 126. f. 1. Resembles E. botrys. and Sicily, in sand by the sea-side. Geranium malopoides, Cav.
Flowers purple. Plant rather hoary.
diss. 4. t. 90. f. 1.—Bocc. mus. 2. p. 109. t. 89. Flowers
Murcia Heron's-bill. F1. June, Jul. Clt. 1818. Pl. į foot. small, pale rose-coloured. The whole plant is clothed with
34 E. GRUÌNUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 633. exclusive of var. velvety pubescence.
B.) stem erect, pilose; leaves ternate, with deeply-toothed Var. B, Córsicum (Leman, in D. C. fl. fr. 4. p. 842.) pedun-
leaflets, lower ones divaricating, middle one longest; peduncles cles usually 2-flowered ; leaves more downy. 2. H. Native
many-flowered; calyxes streaked with nerves. O. H. Native of Corsica among rocks by the sea-side. Flowers small, pale
of Crete, North of Africa, and Spain. Geranium gruìnum, rose-coloured. The stems of both these plants are said by
Lin. spec. 952. Cav. diss. 4. p. 217. t. 88. f. 2.-Bocc. mus. authors to be weak and trailing.
2. p. 145. t. 109. Lower leaves cordate. Flowers bluish-purple. Malope-like Heron's-bill. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1810. Pl. I ft.
Crane Heron's-bill. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1596. Pl. I to 1 ft.
** Stems prostrate.
35 E. SERÓTINUM (Stev. mem. act. petersb. 3. p. 297. t. 15.
f. 2.) stems diffuse ; leaves opposite, ternate, lateral leaflets 42 E. MARITIMUM (Smith, fl. brit. 2. p. 728.) stems diffusely
deeply toothed, divaricating, middle one largest, somewhat lobed, prostrate, hairy ; leaves cordate, ovate, deeply crenated, pubes-
,
deeply toothed ; peduncles many-flowered. 21. H. Native of cent; peduncles usually 2-flowered ; awns of seeds beardless.
fields at the Black Sea and at Tyra. E. Ruthénicum, Bieb. pl. 4. H. Native of France and Britain by the sea-side; in
rar. cent. t. 48. E. multicaúle, Link. enum. 2. p. 184. Sweet, England particularly on the coasts of Wales, Cornwall, Sussex,
ger. t. 137. Flowers purplish-blue. Sepals with long awns. &c. Smith, engl. bot. t. 646. Geranium marítimum, Lin.
spec
Late-flowering Heron's-bill. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1821. Pl. 1 ft. 951. Cav. diss. 4. p. 218. t. 88. f. 1. Stems spreading close
36 E. Chíum (Willd. spec. 3. p. 634.) stem erect and some- to the ground. Leaves roundish, slightly lobed, and variously
what diffuse ; leaves smooth, rather cordate, lobed, upper ones notched, rough on both surfaces, with minute close hairs. Sti-
3-parted; lobes deeply toothed, middle one rather trifid ; sti- pulas purplish. Peduncles 1-2, rarely 3-flowered. 'Flowers
pulas and bracteas ovate-lanceolate ; peduncles many-flowered. pale-red, very minute.
O.H. Native of the islands in the Grecian Archipelago, and Sea-side Heron’s-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Brit. Pl. trailing.
about Naples. Gerànium Chíum, Lin. spec. 951. Cav. diss. 4. 43 E. LITTÒREUM (Leman, in D. C. A. fr. 4. p. 842.) stems
p. 92. f. 1. Flowers purplish-blue.
prostrate, smoothish; leaves roundish-cordate, 3-lobed, un-
Chio Heron's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1724. Pl. Į to 1 ft. equally crenated; peduncles many-flowered, elongated; awns
37 E. Gussòni (Tenore, prod. 39. Sweet, ger. 200.) of carpels bearded. 2. H. Native of Narbonne and Liguria by
stem diffuse, beset with long, soft, retrograde hairs; peduncles the sea-side. Flowers pale-red. Resembles E. marítimum.
many-flowered, elongated ; leaves cordate, entire, and lobed, Sea-shore Heron's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1818. Pl. pros-
dentately-crenated, pubescent; stipulas and bracteas scarious, trate.
ovate; sepals awned, one-half shorter than the petals. 4. H. 44 E. CUNEA'TUM (Viv. append. fl. cors, in Schlecht. Linnæa.
Native of Naples in meadows exposed to the sun. Flowers 1. p. 506.) branches diffuse ; leaves ovate, somewhat cordate,
pale-purple, 2 upper petals with a dark patch at the base. sinuately 3-parted, lateral segments rectangular, spreading, ob-
Gusson's Heron's-bill. Fl.
year. Clt. 1821. Pl. I to 1 ft. long, middle one longer and wedge-shaped, crenately toothed
38 E. MALACHOIDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 639.) stem herba- at the top ; lower peduncles 1-flowered, upper ones umbellate ;
ceous, branched, hairy ; leaves cordate, undivided or 3-lobed, corolla a little longer than the awned calyx. 4. H. Native
a
obtuse, toothed ; peduncles many-flowered; petals length of of Corsica. Stems diffusely-prostrate.
calyx. 0. H. Native of the south of Europe and north of Wedge-leaved Heron's-bill. Pl.
Pl. prostrate.
Africa, as well as in the Canary Islands. Geranium malachoides, 45 E. Bocconi (Viv. append. fl. cors. ex Schlecht. Linnæa.
Cav. diss. 4. t. 91. f. 1.-Mor. hist. 2. sect. 5. t. 15. f. 7.-Lob. 1. p. 506.) plant dwarf, tufted ; stems prostrate, hairy ; leaves
icon. t. 662. Flowers blue.
ovate, cordate, deeply crenated, obovate; stipulas and bracteas
Var. B, ribifolium (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 509.) leaves 3-lobed, lanceolate; peduncles 2-flowered ; petals hardly the length of
hispid ; flowers purple. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. the calyx; sepals mucronate ; carpels hairy, with smooth awns.
Mallow-like Heron's-bill. Clt. 1596. Pl. procumbent. 4. H. Native of Corsica on the mountains. Geranium mi-
39 E. GLAUCOPHYLLUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2.
p.
416.)
nimum. Chamadryoides, Bocc. mus. 2. p. 160. t. 128. Flowers
stem erect, pubescent; leaves rather pubescent, oblong, some- nearly white. Plant very small, almost stemless, but, according
what lobed, crenated, rather fleshy; peduncles 2-6-flowered ; to Saltzman, the stems are sometimes a foot long.
awns of seeds from the middle to the top feathery, yellow. 2.H. Bocconi's Heron's-bill. Fl. May, Sept.
Fl. May, Sept. Pl. trailing.
Native of Egypt, near Memphis. Sweet, ger. 283. Geranium 46 E. oxyrhÍNCHUM (Bieb. fl. taur. 2. p. 133.) stem pros-
glaucophyllum, Lin. spec. 952. Cav. diss. 4. t. 92. f. 2. G. trate ; leaves cordate, oblong, somewhat 3-parted, crenated,
crassifolium, Forsk. descr. 123.-Dill. elth. 150. t. 124. f. 153. hoary beneath, middle lobe trifid; peduncles usually 3-flowered.
Flowers lilac, but of a deeper colour at the base. Petals equal. 4. H. Native of Eastern Iberia on dry hills. 'Flowers as
Glaucous-leaved Heron's-bill
. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1732. large as those of E. cicutàrium, with oblong purple petals.
.
Pl. 1 to foot.
Sharp-beaked Heron's-bill. Pl.
Pl. prostrate
.
40 E. NERVULÒSUM (Lher. ined. no. 24. D. C. prod. J. p. 47 E. GUTTA'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 636.) stem prostrate ;
648.) stem diffuse, short; leaves cordate, undivided, toothed, leaves cordate, oblong, somewhat 3-lobed, toothed, hoary; pe-
thick, full of nerves, rather hoary from pubescence; stipulas duncles usually 3-flowered ; calyxes long awned. 4. F. Na-
ovate, membranous ; peduncles many-flowered. 4. H. Na- tive of the north of Africa, near Belida, among sand.
.
Geranium
tive of Sicily.-Bocc. mus. 2. t. 128. right hand figure. Re- guttàtum, Desf. atl. 2. p. 113. t. 169. Petals large, obtuse,
sembles E. laciniàtum. Flowers purple.
violet, spotted at the base.
Nerved-leaved Heron's-bill. Pl. foot.
1
Spotted-petalled Heron's-bill. Pl. prostrate.
-
a

GERANIACEÆ. V. ERODIUM. VI. PELARGONIUM.
725
num, Lin.
48 E. GEOìdes (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 99. t. 19.) stem herba- Cult. Most of the perennial species of Erodium are rather
ceous, prostrate, hairy ; leaves pinnate ; leaflets 5-7, ovate, ornamental, and they will thrive well in any kind of soil. The
roundish, deeply toothed, 2 lower ones free, sessile, the rest con- frame kinds will grow well in a mixture of loam and peat or
fluent; stipulas ovate, triangular; peduncles 4-6-flowered. 0. decayed leaves; these are easily increased by dividing the plants
H. Native of Brazil at the river Plate. Flowers purple. at the root or by seeds, which ripen in abundance. The green-
Geum-like Heron's-bill. Pl.
Pl. prostrate.
house species are mostly sub-shrubby; they will thrive well in
sandy loam and leaf mould, and young cuttings, planted in
* Stemless, or almost so.
pots filled with the same kind of soil, will strike root; they are
49 E. ASPLENIOIDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 635.) plant villously also easily increased by dividing the plants at the root or by
pubescent, stemless; peduncles many-flowered ; leaves ternate; seed. The annual kinds, several of which are rather handsome,
leaflets obovate, obtuse, deeply toothed, terminal one somewhat only require to be sown in the open border in spring, in any
lobed. 2. F. Native of the north of Africa on the mountains kind of soil.
of Sbiba. Geranium asplenioides, Desf. atl. 2. p. 109. t. 168.
E. múticum, Lher. ined. Root thick. Corolla purplish-violet,
VI. PELARGO‘NIUM (from Telapyos, pelargos, a stork ;
twice the length of awnless calyx.
resemblance in the carpels being like the head and beak of a
Spleen-wort-like Heron’s-bill. Pl.
Pl. 1 foot.
stork). Lher. ger, icon. et text. ined. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 417.
50 E. ARDUÌNUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 637.) stemless ; leaves Pelargonièæ, Sweet.
ger.
1.
p.
8.
cordate, 5-lobed, crenated, blunt; peduncles many-flowered.
LIN. SYST.
Monadélphia, Tetra-Heptándria. Calyx 5-
4.6. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Geranium Ardui- parted; upper segments ending in a spur, or slender nectarifer-
. spec. 952. Flowers ?
ous tube, running down the peduncle, and adnate to it. Petals
Arduin's Heron's-bill. P. 1 foot.
5, rarely 4, more or less irregular. Filaments 10, 4 or 7 of
51 E. REICHA'RDI (D. C. prod. 1. p. 64.9.) plant almost stem-
which are fertile, the rest sterile. Beaks or styles bearded
less, tufted ; leaves small, cordate, crenated, obtuse, smoothish ;
inside, and spirally twisted at maturity. All the
All the proper species
peduncles 1-flowered; petals larger than the calyx. 4. H.
of this genus are natives of the Cape of Good Hope, except
Native of Majorca. Geranium Reichárdi, Murr. comm. goett.
a very few. This vast and favorite genus, the greater part being
1780. p. 11. t. 3.
11. t. 3. G. párvulum, Scop. ins. 8. t. 3. f. B. E. of the easiest cultivation, and many of them bearing the confined
chamadryoides, Lher. ger. t. 6. exclusive of the synonyme
of air of a sitting room better than most plants, have therefore
Bocconi. Curt. bot. mag. t. 18. Flowers white.
become objects of cultivation and attention, of which, in most
Reichard's Heron's-bill. Fl. Apr. Sep. Clt. 1783. Pl. Z ft. cases, they are deserving for their neatness and beauty. The
popular taste for Pelargoniums, or for Geràniums as they are
Stems suffruticose.
commonly called, has been much aided by several splendid pub-
52 E. HYMENOIDES (Lher. ger. t. 4.) stem erect, branched, lications, both at home and abroad, and more especially by the
shrubby at the base; branches clothed with long soft hairs;
Geraniaceæ of Mr. Sweet, in which he has figured both hybrids
peduncles many-flowered ; leaves somewhat 3-lobed or 3- and species ; but these hybrids, for the most part, vanish even
parted, very blunt, deeply toothed; stipulas and bracteas sca- before the eyes of those who have witnessed their origin, we
rious, ovate; calyxes awnless.
Native on Mount shall therefore only describe the species, and give the names
Atlas in fissures of rocks. Sweet, ger. t. 23. Geranium geifolium,
and references to the hybrids, for the convenience of those
Desf. atl. 2. p. 108. G. trifolium, Cav. diss. 4. t. 97. f. 3.
who wish to be farther acquainted with these productions ; for
E. trilobatum, Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 508. Flowers pink ;
to admit descriptions of them into this work could lead to no
upper petals with a reddish-brown spot at the base.
end, except that of swelling its bulk, which would be very con-
Hymen-like Heron's-bill. Fl.
year.
Clt. 1789. Sh. 1 foot. siderable. In the arrangement here adopted, the names of all
53 E. ARBORE'SCENS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 638.) stem shrubby,
those kinds which are avowedly artificial are placed at the end
erect; leaves on long footstalks, cordate, somewhat lobed, cre-
of their
nated; stipulas ovate, rather acute; peduncles many-flowered.
h. F. Native of the north of Africa on mountains at Cafsa.
SECT. I. HOA'REA (named in compliment to Sir Richard
Geranium arboréscens, Desf. atl. 2. p. 110.
Hoare). Sweet, ger. no. 18 and 72. Petals 5, rarely 4,
At first sight this
lanceolate or linear, 2 upper ones parallel, with long claws,
plant resembles a species of Pelargonium. Flowers unknown.
Arborescent Heron's-bill. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
abruptly reflexed in the middle. Stamens 10, in a long tube,
length of lower sepals, 4-5 of which bear anthers, the rest ste-
54 E. ÎNCARNA'TUM (Lher. ger. t. 5.) stem suffruticose, rile, straight, or incurved at the top, shorter than the fertile
.
scabrous; leaves scabrous, lower ones cordate, toothed, 3-parted,
ones.—Stemless herbs, with tuberous, turnip-like roots, and
ternate or 5-lobed, with wedge-shaped, 3-toothed lobes ; pedun-
radical stalked leaves.
cles many-flowered. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Sims, bot. mag. t. 261. Sweet, ger. t. 94.
Delaum. * Leaves oblong, entire, or lobed, with the lobes entire or
herb. amat. t. 11. Geranium incarnatum, Lin. fil. suppl. 308.
hardly toothed.
Cav. diss. 4. p. 223. t. 91. f. 2. Flowers large, very beautiful, 1 P. LONGIFÒLIUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 518.) leaves lanceo-
with oblong, obtuse, flesh-coloured petals, yellowish at their late, quite entire, acute, smooth, older ones pinnatifid, with
base, and painted with a blood-coloured circle.
linear lobes ; umbels compound; flowers tetrandrous; petals
Flesh-coloured-flowered Heron’s-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. obtuse, lanceolate, upper ones ovate. 4.G. G. acaúle, Burm.
1787. Shrub foot.
ger. 67. t. 2. Cav. diss. 4. t. 102. f. 1. Petals rose-coloured.
55 E. HELIOTROPIOÌDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 638.) stem suffru- Long-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. Pl. ft.
를
​ticose, hispid ; leaves roundish-ovate, crenated, villous ; pedun- 2 P. LONGIFLÒRUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 521.) leaves lan-
cles many-flowered ; awns of carpels very long, feathery. h.G. ceolate, quite entire, acute, smooth ; umbels compound, 4-
Native of ? Geranium heliotropioïdes, Cav. diss. 4. p. 220. t. flowered; flowers tetrandrous; petals linear. 21. G. Petals
113. f. 2. Stem hardly an inch in height. Leaves clothed cream-coloured, upper ones lined with red.
with dense white villi. Peduncles usually 4-flowered. Flowers ? Var. B, depréssum (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 520.) umbels 8-
Turnsole-like Heron's-bill. Shrub ı foot.
flowered; pedicels at length somewhat reflexed ; filaments 9.
;
h. G
a
proper sections.
a

726
GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
4. G.
a
24. G. Petals cream-coloured, upper ones marked with purple 12 P. BIFÒLIUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 645.) leaves 2, cordate,
lines.
acutish, deeply toothed; umbels simple. 4. G. Burm. afr..
Long-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. Pl. ft. t. 35. f. 1. Geranium bifòlium, Cav. diss. 4. p. 254. t. 115.
3 P. OVALIFÒLIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 649.) leaves oval, or f. 3. Petals pale-red, oblong-cuneated, 2 superior ones marked
oval-oblong, obtuse, flat, with involute margins, quite entire, with an oblong spot.
hairy; umbels simple or compound; petals linear, waved, T'no-leaved Stork's-bill. Pl. foot.
twisted. 2. G. Hoárea ovalifolia, Sweet. ger. t. 106. Pe- 13. P. STIPULA'CEUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 655.) stem very short,
tals white, 2 upper ones with a pale-red line in the middle at covered with the rudiments of the old stipulas ; leaves rather
the base.
cordate, ovate, deeply toothed, villous; umbels simple, few-
Oval-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Cit. 1820. Pl. Z ft. flowered. 4. G. G. stipulàceum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 254. t. 122.
4 P. RETICULA'TUM (Sweet, ger. t. 91. under Hoárea,) f. 3.
f. 3. Perhaps the flowers are pentandrous, and therefore
leaves elliptic-lanceolate, or oblong, quite entire, pilose, with perhaps belonging to sect. Campýlia. Petals yellowish.
revolute margins ; umbels compound; flowers pentandrous ; Stipuled-stemmed Stork's-bilí. Pl. foot.
petals linear-spatulate, waved, reflexed. 4. G. P. scapiflo- 14 P. ARTICULA'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 655.) stem very short,
rum, Lher. ger. ined. no. 8. Petals rose-coloured, reticulated, covered with the rudiments of the stipulas; leaves kidney-
with purple lines, 2 upper ones with a deep-purple spot in the shaped, 5-7-lobed, villous ; lobes 3-lobed ; umbels simple, few-
middle of each.
flowered. 4. G. G. articulatum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 252. t. 122.
Reticulated-petalled Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. f. 1. This plant comes very near the preceding, but the number
Pl. { foot.
of anthers is unknown. Probably belonging to a different
5 P. PARNASSIOÌDES (Lher. ger. ined. no. 1.) leaves ovate, section. Flowers yellowish.
obtuse, quite entire, ciliated; umbel compound; flowers pentan- Jointed Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July. Pl. I foot.
,
drous; petals linear, rather spatulate.
G. ciliatum, 15 P. AURICULA'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 643.) leaves oblong-
Cav. diss. 4. p. 234. t. 118. f. 2. P. ciliàtum, Willd. spec. 3.
. lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, hairy, with ciliated margins,
p. 643. exclusive of the synonyme of Lher. Petals pale, spotless. sometimes entire, but usually furnished with 2 oblong-linear
Parnassia-like Stork's-bill. Pl. į foot.
appendages at the base ; umbels compound. 4. G.
24. G. P. cilià-
6 P. CILIA'TUM (Lher. ger. t. 7. ined. no. 2.) leaves ovate, tum, Jacq. icon, rar. 3. t. 519. Petals linear, pale-red.
acute, quite entire, rather ciliated; umbels compound; flowers Auricled-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt.? Pl. Z ft.
pentandrous; petals linear, rather spatulate. 4. G.
4. G. Petals 16 P. AURI'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 646.) leaves oblong,
flesh-coloured, 2 upper with a red spot in the middle.
obtuse, sometimes entire, but usually furnished with 2 oblong-
Var. ß, hírtum (Willd. spec. 3. p. 644.) leaves somewhat linear appendages at the base ; umbel rather compound. 4.G.
3-lobed. 4. G. G. pilòsum, Cav. diss. 5. p. 273. 6. p. 199. Geranium auritum, Lin. mant. 433.--Comm. hort. 2. t. 61.
Leaves, according to L'Heretier, painted ; perhaps a garden Flowers, in a dry state, apparently purplish-red.,
variety.
Eared-leaved Stork's-bill. Pl. į foot.
Ciliated-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1795. Pl. 17 P. TRÍFIDUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 646.) leaves 3-parted ;
{
foot.
with the segments linear, wedge-shaped, and 3-toothed at the
7 P. LABYRÍNTHICUM (Sweet, ger. 276. under Hoárea,) hoary, apex ; umbel simple. 2. G. Burm. afr. t. 35. f. 2. G. trifi-
pilose ; lower leaves simple, ovate, or ternate, upper ones pinna- dum, Cav. diss. 4. t. 115. f. 1. Flowers blood-coloured.
tifid ; leaflets and segments oblong-ovate ; scape branched ; Trifid-leaved Stork's-bill. Pl. foot.
calyx reflexed. 21. G.
Petals rose-coloured, 2 upper ones 18 P. LACINIA'TUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 228.) leaves entire or
marked with a dark spot near the base.
deeply lobed at the apex; scape flexuous ; umbel compound.
Labyrinth Stork's-bill. Fl. May. Clt. 1823.
Clt. 1823. Pl. į foot. 4. G. G. laciniàtum, Andr. bot. rep. 131.
131. Petals pink.
8 P. RADICATUM (Vent. malm. t. 65.) leaves oval-oblong, Jagged-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1800. Pl. Z ft.
quite entire, acute at both ends, smooth, ciliated; umbels simple ; 19 P. NERVITÒLIUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 517.) leaves smooth,
flowers pentandrous ; petals linear-oblong, retuse ; nectariferous ternate, glaucous beneath, with rather lobed, nerved, obtuse leaf-
tube 4 times longer than the calyx. 2. G. Gerànium ciliàtum, lets ; scape hispid ; umbels compound. 4. G. Petals oblong-
Andr. bot. rep. 247. P. concavifòlium, Pers. ench. 2. p.
226. cuneated, white, painted with branched, blood-coloured lines at
Hoárea radicàta, Sweet, ger. 174. Petals yellowish.
the base.
Large-rooted Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1802. Pl. Z ft. Nerved-leaved Stork’s-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. Pl. I ft.
** Leaves cordate, sagittate, 3-lobed, or appendiculate at
20 P. TRIPHY'LLUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 515.) leaves smooth,
ternate, with obtuse, crenated leaflets ; scapes and petioles
the base.
pubescent; umbels simple.
Petals linear, flesh-
9 P. OXALOIDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 642.) leaves oblong, coloured, 2 superior ones with blood-coloured spots at the base.
sagittate, quite entire, fleshy, smooth ; umbel compound. 2. G. Three-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. Pl. 1 ft.
Geranium oxaloides, Burm. ger. 71. t. 2. Cav. diss. 4. t. 97. 21 P. LUTEUM (Andr. bot. rep. 423. under Gerànium,) smooth;
f. 1. G. oxaloìdes, Andr. is perhaps distinct. Flowers red.
.
leaves pinnate ; leaflets usually with a lobe on one side ;
a
Oxalis-like Stork's-bill. P. 1 foot.
simple, many-flowered ; petals all spatulately-linear. 4. G.
10 P. CHELIDÒNIUM (Houtt. pfl. syst. 8. p. 398. t. 61. f. 1.) Petals yellow, 2 upper ones with 2 red streaks at the base.
leaves roundish, truncate at the base, acute, quite entire, pubes- Yellow-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800.
cent; umbel compound. 4. G. P. Ficària, Willd.
P. Ficària, Willd. spec. 3. p.
.
Pl. { foot.
643. P. deltoideum, Lher. ined, no. 111.
22 P. RÒSEUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 161.) stem-
Swallow-wort-like Stork's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
less; leaves lobed and jagged, obtuse, toothed, tomentose; scape
11 P. velurÌNUM (Lher. ger. ined. no. 82.) leaves cordate, simple, very long; umbels many-flowered ; lower petals much
VELUTÌNUM
very blunt, undivided, crenately-sinuated, hoary-tomentose be- the smallest ; nectariferous tube 4-times longer than the re-
neath; umbels compound. 4. G. Burch, cat. no. 2828. flexed calyx. 4. G. Petals of a bright rose-colour. Ger.
Petals linear, when dry waved and of a dark colour.
ròseum, Andr. bot. rep. t. 173. P. condensatum, Pers. ench.
Velvety Stork's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
227. Hoárea rosea, Sweet, ger. 262.
2. p. 227.
21. G.
umbels
2

GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
727
ger. icon.
Rose-coloured-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. longer than the calyx. 4. G. Ger. pilòsum, var. 2. Andr.
Pl. 1 foot.
Petals red with white claws, upper ones marked with
a red spot just under the red part of the petals.
*** Leaves pinnate, with the leaflets cut or multifid.
Two-coloured-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. Feb. Aug. Clt. 1801.
23 P. RAPA'CEUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 510.) leaves pilose, Pl. Į foot.
I
bipinnate; lobules linear, rather obtuse; 2 superior petals re- 33 P. BLA’NDUM (Sweet, hort. brit. 76. under Hoárea,) pilose;
fracted, 2 inferior ones connivent. 4. G. Ger. selinum, Andr. leaves pinnate; leaflets obovately-oblong, sometimes slightly
bot. rep. 239. Petals of a whitish rose-colour, 2 upper ones 3-lobed; umbels many-flowered; nectariferous tube 3-times
spotted.
longer than the calyx ; petals all wedge-shaped, upper ones
Turnip-rooted Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1788. Pl. ft. emarginate, lower ones narrower. 2. G. Flowers blush.
24 P. NUTANS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 651.) leaves bipinnate, Blush-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. Feb. Aug. Clt. 1801. Pl.z ft.
hairy ; leaflets pinnatifidly jagged, multifid, linear, rather toothed; 34 P. PENNIFORME (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves pinnate-
umbels capitate, crowded, depressed; flowers nodding ; superior parted, with lanceolate-linear, entire segments ; umbels com-
petals refracted, inferior ones concave, connivent. 4. G. P.
4. G. P. pound. 4. G. Ger. laciniàtum, Andr. bot. rep. 269. Petals
rapàceum luteum, Sims. bot. mag. 1877. Hoárea carinàta, Sweet. yellow, red at the base. Radical leaves sometimes entire.
ger. t. 135. Flowers yellow.
Feather-formed-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800.
Nodding-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1788. Pl. I foot.
Pl. 1 foot.
35 P. PURPURA'ScENs (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves lanceo-
25 P. CORYDALIFLÒRUM (Sweet, ger. t. 18. under Hoárea,) late-linear, entire, and pinnatifid ; umbel compound. 4. G.
leaves pilose, pinnate; leaflets pinnatifid or trifid; lobules Ger. laciniàtum, Andr. bot. rep. 204. Peduncles elongated.
linear, acute ; 2 superior petals refracted, lower ones connivent. Flowers purplish, with darker stripes.
2. G. Petals pale sulphur-coloured, 2 upper ones with blood- Purplish-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1800. Pl.z ft.
coloured spots.
36 P. INCRASSA'TUM (Sims, bot, mag. t. 761.) leaves pinnatifid,
Corydalis-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. with lobed, obtuse segments; scape a little branched ; superior
Pl. į foot.
petals obcordate. 21. G. Ger. incrassàtum, Andr. bot. rep. t.
26 P. SETÒSUM (Sweet, ger. t. 38. under Hoárea,) leaves 246. Flowers pale rose-coloured, netted with red veins.
pinnate, pubescent; leaflets cuneated, 3-5-toothed at the apex, Thickened Stork's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1801. Pl. Z ft.
with the teeth ending in bristles ; umbels compound ; superior 37 P. CENTAUROÌDES (Lher. ger. ined. no. 12.) leaves hairy,
petals refracted, lower ones rather connivent. 4. G. Petals pinnate-parted, with remote, cut, or entire segments; umbel
rose-coloured, 2 superior ones spotted.
simple, crowded, many-flowered. 2. G. Pedicels elongated
Bristly-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. Z ft. and the flowers purplish, as in the preceding.
27 P. BUBONIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves smooth, Centauria-like Stork's-bill. Pl. į foot.
pinnate ; leaflets deeply lobed, acute; umbel simple; petals 38 P. HIRSU TUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 417.)
emarginate. 4. G. Ger. bubonifòlium, Andr. bot. rep. 328. leaves hairy, ciliated, obovate or lanceolate, quite entire or pin-
Petals white, 2 upper ones with a purple spot each.
natifid; stipulas adnate to the petioles ; umbels compound.
Bubon-leaved Stork's-bill
. Fl. Mar. Jul. Clt. 1800. Pl. Z ft. 2. G. Ger. hirsùtum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 247. t. 101. f. 2. P.
28 P. VIOLÆFLÒRUM (Sweet, ger. 123. under Hoárea,) stem heterophyllum, Lher. ger. ined. no. 10. Petals pale-flesh-
short; leaves pinnate-parted, or trifoliate ; leaflets oblong-lan- coloured, marked with blood-coloured veins, upper ones marked
ceolate, smooth, entire, with ciliated margins, acuminated, and with a large dark-red spot each.
beset with pencilled hairs at the apex, lower ones bifid ; petioles Hairy Stork's-bill. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1788. Pl. foot.
hispid; umbels compound ; petals reflexed, lower ones smallest. 39 P. MELANA'NTHUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 514.) leaves
4. G. Flowers white. Superior lobes of calyx erect, the rest hairy, pinnate-parted, with oval-oblong, obtuse, somewhat pin-
reflexed.
natifid or toothed segments; umbels compound ; petals linear,
Violet-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1821. Pl. į ft. obtuse. 4. G. Hoárea melanántha, Sweet, ger. 73. The
29 P. LEEA`NUM (Sweet, ger. 323. under Hoárea,) leaves first leaves ovate, or 3-lobed. Petals dark-brown; claws white.
smooth, pinnate ; leaflets pinnatifidly cut, acute; petioles pubes- Black-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Pl. a ft.
cent; stipulas linear, acute, membranous, adhering to the pe- 40 P. DIOI'CUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 162.) leaves
tioles ; umbel compound, of several flowers ; superior petals hispid, entire, and ternate ; umbel compound; flowers dioecious.
obovate, retuse ; calyxes spreading, bearded at the apex ; 4. G. Ger. melanánthum, Andr. bot. rep. 209. Petals dark-
nectariferous tube about half as long again as the calyx. 4. G.
brown. Leaflets entire.
Petals white, with a purple spot in the centre of each.
Dioecious Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1795. Pl. I ft.
Lee's Stork's-bill. F1. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 foot. 41 P. A'TRUM (Lher. ger. t. 44.) leaves puberulous, some of
30 P. NI'veum (Sweet, ger. 182. under Hoárea,) stemless ; which are oblong and entire, and others pinnate-parted; umbels
umbels compound; leaves smooth, lower ones ovate, entire, compound; superior segments of the calyx erect; petals linear;
upper ones pinnatifid ; petals white, reflexed, lower ones much sterile filaments incurved at the apex.4. G. Hoárea àtra,
the smallest.
Sweet, ger. t. 72. Petals dark-brown, with white claws.
Snowy-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1821. Pl. Dark-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1793. Pl.
I foot.
į foot.
31 P. PILÒSUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves pinnate, hairy ; 42 P.UNDULÆFLÒRUM (Sweet, ger. 263. under Hoárea,) leaves
leaflets cut or multifid ; umbel simple, 4-6-flowered ; petals li- hairy, lower ones simple, roundish-ovate, upper ones trifid and
near. 4. G. Ger. pilòsum, Andr. bot. rep. 259. Petals purple. ternate, rarely pinnatifid; umbels compound, many-flowered ;
Pilose Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1801. Pl. { foot. calyxes villous, bearded at the apex; petals waved, spreading.
32 P. Bicolor (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 76. under Hoárea,) pilose;
.
4. G. Petals blackish-brown, with white claws.
leaves pinnate ; leaflets oblong, or obovately-oblong, sometimes Waved-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1821.
slightly 2-3-lobed; umbels many-flowered ; upper petals emar-
Pl. 1 foot.
ginate, 3 lower ones small; nectariferous tube about 3-times 43 P. CONGE'STUM (Sweet, ger. 302. under Hoárea,) stemless ;
;
2.G.

728
GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
spec. 677.
*
leaves pinnate or pinnatifid, pilose ; leaflets and segments pinna- 46 P. ASTRAGALÆFÒLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves pin-
tifidly-lobed or cut, unequally-toothed, acutish; stipulas lanceo- nate, hairy, with many pairs of elliptic leaflets ; petals waved,
late, acute; umbels many-flowered, crowded ; petals ligulate, twisted at the base. 4. G.
4. G. Ger. astragalæfòlium, Cav. diss.
spotted, superior ones bent back. 4. G. Petals flesh-coloured, 4. t. 104. f. 2. Andr. bot. rep. 190. Ger. pinnatum, Lin.
with numerous small dots, the upper ones darker above the bent
Dimàcria astragalæfòlia, Sweet, ger. 103.-
part.
Comm. præl. 53. t. 3. Petals white, narrow, spotted and streaked
Crowded-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Pl. I foot.
with purple.
+ Names of garden Hybrids belonging to Sect. I. Hoárea.
Astragalus-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1788,
Pl. 1 foot.
1 P. silinifolium (Sweet, ger. 159.) Flowers purple.
47 P. CORONILLÆFÒLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves pin-
2 P. integrifolium (Sweet in Colv. cat.) Flowers red.
nate, smooth, with 1-2 pairs of obovate or oblong leaflets. 21.
3 P. fucàtum (Sweet in Colv. cat.) Flowers red.
G. Ger. coronillæfòlium, Andr. bot. rep. 305. Petals fulvous,
4 P. nigricans (Sweet in Colv. cat.) Flowers red.
2 upper ones spatulate and retuse, spotted with red, lower ones
5 P. mágicum (Sweet in Colv. cat.) Flowers red.
lanceolate.
6 P. vàrium (Sweet, ger. t. 166.) Flowers dark.
Coronilla-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1795.
7 P. Colvillii (Sweet, ger. 260.) Flowers blush.
Pl. 1 foot.
8 P. Jenkensònii (Sweet in Colv. cat.) Flowers crimson.
48 P. HERACLEIFÒLIUM (Lodd. bot. cab. 437.) leaves pinnate,
9 P. dilutum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers blush.
.
smooth, with 2-3 pairs of obovate leaflets, the ultimate ones
10 P. replicàtum (Sweet, hort. brit. 72.) Flowers red.
confluent. 4. G. Petals obovately-cuneated, dark-brown, with
11 P. rubescens (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers red.
the base and margins yellowish.
12 P. intermixtum (Sweet, hort, brit. 76.) Flowers red.
Cow-parsnip-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
.
13 P. capitàtum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers blush.
Pl. I foot.
14 P. supérbum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers crimson.
15 P. villosum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers crimson.
Leaves pinnate, with the leaflets cut or multifid.
16 P. unguiculàtum (Sweet, hort, brit. 76.) Flowers red. .
49 P. CA'RNEUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 512.) leaves smooth,
17 P. tenuifolium (Sweet, hort, brit. 76.) Flowers blush.
bipinnate; lobes trifid, linear, bluntish ; scape simple. 4. G.
18 P. marginàtum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers blush.
Ger. pinnatifidum, Cav. diss. 4. t. 260. t. 121. f. 1. Petals pale
19 P. atrosanguineum (Sweet, ger. 151.) Flowers crimson.
rose-coloured, painted with darker veins.
20 P. Sweetiànum (D. C. H. élegans, Sweet, ger. 132.)
Flesh-coloured-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May,
Fl. May, July. Clt.
Flowers crimson.
1812. Pl. { foot.
21 P. coccineum (Sweet, ger. 398.) Flowers scarlet.
50 P. RECURVATUM (Sweet, hort. brit. 77. under Dimàcria,)
22 P. recurviflòrum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers crimson.
leaves pinnate ; leaflets trifid, with the lobes bearded; umbels
23 P. sanguinolentum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers red.
simple; petals linear, obtuse, recurved. 4. G. Ger. barbà.
24 P. pulchéllum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers red.
tum, var. minor, Andr. bot. rep. 323. Petals white, 2 upper
25 P. amoenum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers red,
ones streaked, and dotted with red.
26 P. pàtens (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers red.
Recurved-petalled Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790.
27 P. lilácinum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers red.
Pl. foot.
28 P. venòsum (Sweet, ger. 209.) Flowers striped.
51 P. ARISTA'TUM (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 77. under Dimàcria,)
29 P. literàtum (Sweet, hort. brit. 76.) Flowers striped.
leaves pinnate ; leaflets variously lobed, each lobe ending in a
30 P. hedysarifòlium (Sweet, ger. 355.) Flowers crimson.
tuft of hairs ; petals linear, obtuse. 2. G. Ger. barbatum,
31 P. galegifolium (Sweet, ger. icon.) Flowers red.
32 P. sisymbrifolium (Sweet, ger. 358.), Flowers red.
var. undulatum, Andr. bot. rep. 366. Petals white, but all
streaked with red at the base.
33 P. orobifolium (Sweet, ger. 304.) Flowers purple.
Awned-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Pl.z ft.
34 P. retúsum (Sweet, ger. 307.) Flowers dark.
52 P. BARBA'TUM (Jacq. icon. 3. t. 513.) leaves pinnate ;
35 P. coluteæfòlium (Sweet, ger. 311.) Flowers crimson.
leaflets trifid ; lobules linear, acuminated, bearded at the apex;
Sect. II. DIMA'CRIA (from dis, dis, two, and parpos, macros,
umbels compound ; petals linear, obtuse. 4. G. Ger. molí-
long; in allusion to the 2 lowest fertile stamens being twice the
ferum, Burm. ger. 70. t. 2. Cav. diss. 4. t. 120. f. 3. Ger.
length of the rest). Lindl. in Sweet, ger. no. 46. Petals 5, un-
barbatum, Andr. bot. rep. t. 303. Petals flesh-coloured or white,
equal, 2 upper ones conniving, divaricate at the
apex.
Stamens
upper ones painted with a red patch in the middle of each.
Bearded-leaved Stork's-bill.
shorter than the sepals, 5 of which are fertile, the 2 lowest ones
Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790.
twice the length of the rest, stretched out, upper ones shortest,
Pl. 2 foot.
the 5 sterile ones very short, and nearly equal.-Stemless herbs,
53 P. PETROSELINIFO'LIUM ; hairy; leaves pinnate, with 2-3
with turnip-like roots, and stalked, radical leaves.
pairs of distant, jagged, reflexed leaflets ; umbels many-flowered;
nectariferous tube twice the length of the calyx. 4.6. Petals
* Leaves pinnate ; leaflets entire.
blush, with a linear red spot in the centre of each, emarginate,
44 P. VICIÆFÒLIUM (Lher.ger. ined. no. 15. D. C. prod. 1. p. and spatulately-linear. Ger. apiifolium, Andr. ger. icon. Di-
653.) leaves pinnate, villous, with 4-5 pairs of ovate, nearly màcria apiifolium, Sweet, hort. brit. p.
77.
entire, flat leaflets. 4. G. Ger. pinnatum, Cav. diss. 4. t. Parsley-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. Ap. Aug. Cit. 1802. Pl. I ft.
115. f. 2. but not of Lin. Dimàcria pinnata, Sweet, ger. t. 46. 54 P. FISSIFÒLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves pinnate,
Petals pale rose-coloured, 2 upper ones lined, and dotted with with trifid and bifid leaflets, cut and naked at the apex ;
blood-coloured spots at the base.
-
simple ; petals obtuse, all marked with an oblong spot.
Vetch-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1779. Pl. 1 ft. Ger.fissifòlium, Andr. bot. rep. 378. Petals white, red at the base.
45 P. FOLIOLÒSUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 653.) leaves pinnate, Cleft-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Cit. 1795. Pl. ft.
with 15-20 pairs of bifid leaflets. 2. G. Geranium pinnatum, 55 P. FLORIBU'NDUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 163.)
p.
Andr. bot. rep. 311. Petals yellow, spotted with red.
leaves pinnate, with 2 parted leaflets ; umbels compound. 2.G.
Leafy Stork's-bill, FI, May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl. 1 foot. Ger. floribúndum, Andr. bot. rep. 420. Petals white, upper
a
.
umbel
4.G.
.
)

GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
729
.
a
ones marked each with 3 lunate spots, lower ones marked with curviflòrum, Andr. bot. rep. 282. Petals yellow, 2 upper ones
a red linear line each.
marked with a double row of red spots.
Bundle-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1795. Allied Stork's-bill. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1794. Pl. foot.
Pl. foot.
65 P. RADIA'TUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 226.) leaves elliptic-spa-
(
tulate, quite entire, smooth ; umbel compound; flowers pentan-
*** Leaves cordate, 3-lobed, ternate, or furnished with 2
drous ; petals wedge-shaped. 4. G.
4. G. Ger. radiàtum, Andr.
auricles at the base.
bot. rep. t. 222. Petals yellow, 2 upper ones marked with a
.
56 P. REVOLU'TUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 226.) leaves cordate, double row of red spots.
obtuse, nerved, quite entire, but usually with an auricle on each Ray-flowered Stork's-bill
. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1801. Pl. a ft.
side at the base ; umbels compound ; leaflets of involucre revo- 66 P. virgi'NEUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 226.) leaves ovate-elliptic,
lute. 4. G. Ger. revolùtum, Andr. bot. rep. 354. Flowers acute at both ends, smooth; umbel compound; flowers pen-
rose-coloured, lined with purple.
tandrous; petals lanceolate-cuneated, equal, waved. 4. G. Ger.
Revolute-involucred Stork's-bill. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1800. undulatum, Andr. bot. rep. 317. Petals white, lined with red.
Pl. 1 foot.
Virgin Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1795. Pl. į foot.
57 P. HETEROPHYLLUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 516.) leaves 67 P. UNDULA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 2. vol. 4. p. 160.)
ciliated, undivided, 3-lobed or ternate, with the middle segment leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, ciliated ; umbel simple; flowers
3-lobed; umbel compound. 2. G. Petals white, 2 superior pentandrous; petals waved, nearly equal. 4. G. Ger. undu-
ones retuse, with a blood-coloured spot at the base of each. làtum, Andr. bot. rep. t. 292. Petals white, 2 superior ones
Various-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl. Z ft. with dark spots on the margin, lower ones with a red line.
58 P. ANDRE'wSII (Sweet, hort. brit. 77. under Dimàcria,) Waved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1795. Pl. foot.
lower leaves oblong, ovate, entire, others pinnate, with linear 68 P. LINEA'RE (Pers. ench. 2. p. 228.) leaves lanceo-
segments; umbels compound, many-flowered; nectariferous tube late, repand ; umbel nearly simple ; flowers pentandrous ; petals
about twice the length of the calyx; petals spatulately-linear, linear. 4. G. Ger. lineare, Andr. bot. rep. t. 193. Petals
blush. 4. G. Ger. heterophyllum, Andr. ger. icon. Petals very long, yellow, streaked at the base. .
blush, upper ones marked with a dark-red spot, dotted with red Linear-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1800. Pl.
underneath the spot, lower ones each with a red line.
1 foot.
Andrews's Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1802. Pl. I ft. 69 P. LANCEOFÒLIUM (Sweet, ger. 387. under Dimàcria,)
59 P. OXALIDIFÒLIUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) leaves ciliated, stemless ; leaves quite entire, rarely appendiculate, pilose on
ternate, with roundish, obtuse leaflets ; umbel compound. 4. G.
;
both surfaces, lower ones ovate, upper ones lanceolate, tapering
G. oxalidifolium, Andr. bot. rep. t. 300. Petals pale-yellow, to both ends; stipulas awl-shaped, linear ; umbels of several
2 upper ones marked with a blood-coloured patch at the base. flowers, compound; peduncles and calyxes densely tomentose.
;
Wood-sorrel-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1801. 4. G. Petals white, stained with blush, and marked with light
Pl. į foot.
red veins, 2 upper ones with a dark-purple patch each, branching
60 P. TENE'LLUM (Andr. ger. icon. under Gerànium,) leaves apex.
smooth, trifoliate, and trifid ; leaflets and segments oblong, mid- Lance-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl. i ft.
dle ones broadest; umbels compound, many-flowered; nectari-
ferous tube 2 or 3 times longer than the calyx ; petals linear.
† A list of garden Hybrids belonging to Section II. Dimàcria.
4. G. Petals white, upper ones spotted with red at the base,
1 P. bipartàtum (Sweet, ger. 142.) Flowers striped.
lower ones with one spot each.
2 P. imbùtum (Sweet, hort. brit. 77.) Flowers blush.
,
Slender Stork's-bill. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1802. Pl. 1 foot.
3 P. fúlgens (Sweet in Colv. cat.) Flowers crimson.
61 P. REFLE’XUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) nearly stemless;
4 P. élegans (Sweet, ger. 3. t. 202.) Flowers scarlet.
leaves ternate, with deeply-lobed, recurved leaflets ; umbels
5 P. sulphureum (Sweet, ger. t. 163.) Flowers straw-coloured.
simple ; 2 superior filaments, as well as the stigmas, reflexed.
6 P. Smithiànum (Sweet, ger. 358.) Flowers red.
4. G. Ger. reflexum, Andr. bot. rep. 224. Petals white. Sect. III. OTI'DIA (ovc, wtOS, ous otos, an ear ; in allusion
Reflexed-stigmaed Stork's-bill. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1800. to the 2 superior petals being auricled at the base). Lindl.
Pl. I foot.
in Sweet, ger. p. 8. no. 98. Petals oblong-linear, nearly
**** Leaves oblong or lanceolate, entire or toothed.
equal, about double the length of the calyx, 2 superior ones
auricled at the base on the upper side. Stamens 10, erect, 5 of
62 P. PUNCTA'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 645.) leaves ovate, which are antheriferous, 2 upper ones of these spatulate or awl-
toothed, smooth ; umbel compound; flowers diandrous; petals shaped, 3 lower ones shortest, the 3 lower sterile ones erect or
linear, 3 inferior ones one-half shorter than the rest.
uncurved. Stems shrubby, fleshy. Leaves alternate, pinnate,
Ger. punctàtum, Andr. bot. rep. t. 60. Petals cream-coloured, fleshy. Flowers white.
2 superior ones marked with blood-coloured spots.
70 P. CERATOPHY'LLUM (Lher. ger. t. 13.) stem shrubby,
Dotted-petalled Stork's-bill. Fl. April, July. Cit. 1794. fleshy, branched; leaves pinnate-parted; lobes linear, terete, en-
Pl. { foot.
tire, or 3-toothed at the apex, rather channelled ; peduncles
63 P. SPATULA'TUM (Andr. bot. rep. t. 152. under Gerànium,) many-flowered.
many-flowered. Þ. G. Curt. bot. mag. 315.
hPetals white,
leaves lanceolate, rather spatulate, obtuse, smooth ; umbel com- linear-lanceolate, equal.
pound; flowers pentandrous; petals linear, obtuse, rather revo- Horn-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Jul. Clt. 1786. Sh. 1 ft.
4. G. Petals yellow, 2 superior ones marked with 2 71 P. DASYCAU’LON (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2029.) stem shrubby,
dark-red lines.
fleshy, tubercled ; leaves fleshy, pinnate, with the segments
Spatulate-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1795. deeply
Fl. April, July. Clt. 1795. deeply pinnatifid, rather trifid at the apex; peduncles 3-
Pl. į foot.
flowered. h. G. Sweet, ger. 196. P. dasycaúle, Haw. succ.
64 P. AFFI'NE (Sweet, hort. brit. 76. under Dimàcria,) leaves p. 309. Petals linear, white.
lanceolate-spatulate, tapering to both ends, ciliated on the mar- Thick-stemmed Stork's-bill. Fl. July, Dec. Clt. 1795. Sh. 1 ft.
gins; scape bifid, bearing 2 umbels ; flowers pentandrous ; 72 P. FERULA'CEUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 687.) stem shrubby,
petals linear-spatulate, revolute. 4. G. Ger. spatulàtum var. fleshy ; leaves pinnate, with deeply-toothed, waved segments;
VOL. I.-PART. VIII.
5 A
at the
.
4. G.
lute.

730
GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
h. G.
at the apex.
.
peduncles many-flowered ; petals acute, length of calyx. ħ. G. silky; peduncles 4-flowered ; upper petals obovate, acutely-
Burm. afr. t. 36. f. 1. Ger. ferulàceum, Cav. diss. 4. t. 110. f. 2. emarginate. Þ.G. Ger. ovatum, Cav. diss. 4. t. 103. f. 3.
Fennel-like Stork's-bill. Fl. July, Sept. Shrub 1 foot. . Ger. ovale, Burm. cap. 19. Petals white. Stamens pilose.
73 P. CRITHMIFÒLIUM (Smith, icon. pict. 1. t. 13.) stem Woolly-stamened Stork's-bill. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1794.
shrubby, fleshy; leaves fleshy, bipinnate ; lobes dilated at the Shrub a foot.
apex, cut; peduncles many-flowered, panicled; petals obtuse, 81 P. TRICHOSTE'MON (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 524.) stem suffru-
longer than the calyx, 2 upper ones curled at the base.
ticose, ascending ; leaves elliptically-roundish, crenated, silky;
Sweet, ger. 364. P. paniculatum, Jacq. schoenbr. 2. t. 137. Pe- peduncles 3-flowered ; superior petals roundish, lower ones ob-
tals white, 2 upper ones spotted with red at the base.
long. Þ.G. Petals pale-violet, nearly as in P. blattàrium.
Samphire-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1790. Stamens pilose.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Hairy-stamened Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 foot.
74 P. ALTE'RNANS (Wendl. hort. herrenh. 1. p. 14. t. 10.) 82 P. VERBASCIFLORUM (Andr. ger. icon. under Gerànium,)
stem shrubby, rather fleshy ; branches pilose ; leaves pinnate, stem suffruticose, ascending ; leaves roundish-ovate, bluntly and
with stalked, rather alternate, wedge-shaped segments, deeply- doubly crenated, with waved margins, recurved; stipulas acu-
toothed at the apex ; umbels few-flowered. ñ . G. Sweet,
;
minated; umbels 3-5-flowered; upper petals roundish; nectari-
ger. 286. Petals white, 2 upper ones marked with two red lines ferous tube 3 times shorter than the calyx. n. G. Cam-
pýlia verbasciflòra, Sweet, ger. 2. t. 157. Petals pale-lilac.
Alternating-leafletted Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1791. Mullein-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1811.
Shrub 1 foot.
Shrub 1 foot.
75 P. LA'XUM (Sweet, ger. 196. under Otidia,) umbels many- 83 P. RUMICIFOLIUM (Sweet, ger. t. 318.) nearly stemless; leaves
flowered, loosely panicled ; leaves pinnate, smooth ; leaflets pin- oblong-ovate, quite entire, acutish, blistered, and wrinkled,
natifid or cut; segments wedge-shaped, flat, erosely toothed at rather pilose, rarely auricled; stem leafy, very villous ; umbels
the apex; stem shrubby, fleshy; petals a little toothed ; nectari- many-flowered ; flowers tetrandrous; petals linear, very long,
ferous tube a little shorter than the reflexed calyx. ħ. G. spreading, superior ones dotted at the base, 3 times longer
Petals white, upper ones marked with pale-lilac, branched lines than the calyx. 4. G. Root fusiform.
Root fusiform. Petals yellow.
near the base ; lower petals concave, white.
Dock-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl. į ft.
Loose-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1821. Sh 1 ft. 84 P. ENOTHE'RA (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 525.) stem herbaceous,
76 P. CARNÒSUM (Ait. hort. kew, 2. p. 421.) stem thick, ascending; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, toothed, hoary-
fleshy, shrubby at the base ; leaves smooth, thick, sinuately-pin- tomentose; peduncles 1-2-flowered; superior petals obovate,
natifid, with oblong, obtuse segments, which are deeply toothed hardly larger than the lower ones. 2. G. Flowers rose-co-
at the apex; umbels many-flowered; petals linear ; nectariferous
;
loured, pentandrous.
tube rather longer than the calyx. Þ.G.-Dill. elth. 1. p. 153. Enothera-like Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1812.
t. 127. f. 154. Ger. carnosum, Lin. spec. 946. Cav. diss. t. 99. Pl. 1 foot.
f. 1. Otídia carnosa, Sweet, ger. t. 98. Flowers white.
85 P. CORONOPIFOLIUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 526.) stem suf-
Fleshy Stork’s-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1724. Shrub 1 ft. fruticose, ascending ; leaves linear-lanceolate, deeply toothed at
the apex, hoary beneath ; peduncles 3-flowered ; superior petals
SECT. IV. Campy’LIA (from kapavlos, campylos, a curve ; in obovate-oblong, appendiculate at the claws. Þ.G. Corolla
allusion to the two upper filaments being hooked). Sweet, ger. pale-red, streaked with darker veins.
43 and 48. Petals 5, unequal, 2 upper ones largest, rather Buckhorn-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1791.
auricled at the claw. Filaments 10, pilose or pubescent, 5 fer-
Shrub 1 foot.
tile ones erect, 5 alternate ones sterile, 2 upper ones of these 86 P. CAPILLA'RE (Willd. spec. 3. p. 660.) stem suffruticose,
longer, and hooked at the apex.—Herbs hardly suffruticose at short ; leaves lanceolate, deeply-pinnatifid, pubescent; peduncles
the base, branched. Leaves stalked, ovate or oblong, toothed 2-flowered. h. G. Ger. capillare, Cav. diss. 4. p. 258. t. 97.
f. 1. P. Mahérnium, Lher. ger. ined. no. 45. Very like P.
77 P. BLATTA'RIUM (Jacq. schonbr. 2. p. 3. t. 131.) stem suf- coronopifolium. Corolla pale-red.
fruticose, erect; leaves ovate-roundish, obtuse, hoary, and silky Capillary Stork's-bill. Shrub ] foot.
on both surfaces, toothed; peduncles 4-8-flowered; 2 superior 87 P. CA'NUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 229.) stem suffruticose;
petals roundish, lower ones oblong. ħ. G. Campylia blattària, leaves ovate, plaited, serrated, tomentose; peduncles 3-flowered,
Sweet, ger. 88. Petals pale-violet. Stamens pilose.
2 superior petals very broad, and ovate. h. G. Campylia
Moth-Mullein-like Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1790. càna, Sweet, ger. 114.
càna, Sweet, ger. 114. Ger. tomentòsum, Andr. bot. rep. t.
.
Shrub 1 foot.
115. but not of others. Two upper filaments revolute, and
78 P. DICHONDRÆFÒLIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 656.) stem suf- ciliated. Petals rose-coloured. Tube straight, one-half shorter
fruticose, erect; leaves kidney-shaped, crenulated, hoary; pe-
than the calyx.
duncles 5-flowered ; 2 upper petals obovate, lower ones oblong. Hoary Stork's-bill. Fl. July, Dec. Clt. 1794. Shrub 1 foot.
h. G. Burch. cat. afr. no. 3084. This is very like P. blattà- 88 P. CARINA'TUM (Sweet, ger. t. 21. under Campýlia,) stem
rium and P. trichostèmon, but the leaves are kidney-shaped. suffruticose, ascending ; leaves ovate, unequally toothed or cut ;
Dichondra-leaved Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 foot.
stipulas keeled; peduncles 2-4-flowered ; 2 superior petals ovate,
79 P. SCAPÒSUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 656.) plant nearly stemless, waved, rather emarginate. h.G. Ger. trícolor ovalifolium,
the neck imbricated with scales; leaves ovate, obtuse, toothed, Andr. ger. icon. Ger. ovàtum, Cav. diss. 4. t. 103. f. 3?
hoary-tomentose on both surfaces; scapes radical, 1-flowered. Two superior petals reddish-purple, the three lower ones white.
h.G. Ger. glaúcum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 237. t. 103. f. 2. but not Keeled-stipuled Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1810.
of Andr. P. tomentòsum, Lher. ger. ined. no. 80. but not of Shrub 1 foot.
Jacquin.
Scape-flowered Stork's-bill. Shrub { foot.
of Garden Hybrids belonging to Section IV. Campýlia.
80 P. ERIOSTE'MON (Jacq. schoenbr. 2. p. 4. t. 132.) stem suf- 1 P. variegatum (Sweet, ger. 3. t. 266.) Flowers striped.
fruticose, erect; leaves elliptically-roundish, obtuse, crenated, 2 P. holosericeum (Sweet, ger. 1. t. 75.) Flowers dark,
or cut.
.
1

GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
731
a
-
petals red.
.
3 P. élegans (Sweet, ger. 3. t. 222.) Flowers blush.
kinson, treasurer to the horticultural society; a great cultivator
4 P. laciniàtum (Sweet, ger. n. s. no. 1.) Flowers dark-red. of geraniums). Sweet, ger. no. 76. Petals 4-5, superior ones
much larger than the rest, emarginate at the apex, streaked with
Sect. V. PHYMATA'NTHUS (from ovua, phyma, a wart or tu- lines. Stamens 10, ascending, spreading at the top, and pilose
mour, and av.foc, anthos, a flower ; in allusion to the warted claws at the base, 5-7 of which usually bear anthers, the sterile ones
of the petals). Lindl. in Sweet, ger. no. 43. Petals 5, unequal, very short and awl-shaped.—Shrubs or herbs. Leaves pinnately,
2 superior ones warted at the claws. Stamens 10, in a short rarely ternately or palmately cleft, usually multifid.
, .
tube, the 5 fertile ones recurved, and the 5 sterile ones straight,
* Flowers with 4 petals and 5 anthers.
all pilose or pubescent.--Small, branched shrubs, with ovate or
lanceolate, toothed leaves.
94 P. CANARIE'NSE (Willd. hort. berl. t. 17.) stem herbace-
89 P. ELA'TUM (Sweet, ger. 96. under Phymatánthus,) stem ous; leaves 3-parted; lobes toothed at the apex, obtuse, lower
erect, branched ; leaves lanceolate, canescent, deeply toothed ; ones obovate, middle ones ovate, usually trifid ; peduncles
peduncles usually 3-flowered ; superior petals largest, rather generally 2-flowered.
3. G., Native of the Canary Islands.
smooth at the base, lower ones oval-oblong. h. G. Ger. trí- Petals white, 2 upper ones streaked with red.
color arbòreum, Andr. ger. icon. Flowers white, with the upper Canary-Island Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1802.
Pl. 1 foot.
Tall Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1791. Shrub 12 foot. 95 P. SYNNÒTII (Sweet, ger. 342. under Jenkinsònia,) stem
90 P. TRICOLOR (Curt. bot. mag. 240.) stem erect ; leaves lan- suffruticose at the base, branched ; branches flexuous, diffuse,
ceolate, villously-canescent, deeply-toothed, or jagged; pedun- ascending, pilose; leaves 3-parted and pinnatifid, rather re-
cles usually 3-flowered ; upper petals roundish, short, warted at curved and pilose above, shining, but pubescent beneath, with
the base, lower ones oval. Þ.G. Ger. violàrium, Jacq. icon. ciliated edges; segments jagged, bluntly and roundedly toothed ;
rar. 3. t. 527. Ger. trícolor, Andr. ger. icon. Phymatánthus umbels usually 5-flowered; flowers with 4 petals and 5 anthers;
trícolor, Sweet, ger. 43. The 2 superior petals are reddish-pur- nectariferous tube shorter than the calyx. ħ. G. Petals lilac,
ple, and nearly black towards the claws, the 3 lower ones white. upper ones marked each with 2 branched lines.
Three-coloured-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. Synnot's Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1825. Shrub 1
1791. Shrub 1 foot.
to 3 feet.
+ Garden Hybrids belonging to the present Section.
96 P. BULLA'TUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 530. coll. 5. p. 124.)
stem shrubby, procumbent, puberulous ; leaves pinnate-parted;
1 P.villosum (Sweet, hort. brit. 75.) Flowers white and purple. lobes deeply-lobed, rather hispid on both surfaces, lower ones
2 P. grandiflorum (Sweet, 1. c.) Flowers white and purple. largest; peduncles 2-flowered. . G. P. myrrhifolium B,
. ħ
3 P. latifolium (Sweet, 1. c.) Flowers white and purple. Willd. spec. p. 661. Jenkinsònia bullàta, Sweet, ger. 3. t. 530.
4 P. intertínctum (Sweet, ger. n. s. 54.) Flowers striped. Petals pale-red, 2 upper ones lined with red.
Blistered Stork's-bill. "Fl. May, Aug. Clt.? Pl. procumbent.
SECT. VI. GRENVILLEA (named in compliment to Lady 97 P. MYRRHIFÒLIUM (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 421.)
Grenville, a great lover of geraniums). Sweet, ger. 262. f. 2.
Petals 5, 2 superior ones largest, obliquely obovate, on long
stem shrubby, ascending ; leaves rather hispid on both surfaces,
stiff, pinnate-parted; lobes deeply-serrated, lower ones largest ;
claws, 3 lower ones small, spatulate. Stamens 10, the 4 fertile
peduncles 2-3-flowered. h. G. Ger. myrrhifolium, Lin.
ones ascendent at the apex, the 6 sterile ones short and awl-
P. betónicum, Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 531. coll. 5. p.
shaped.—A tuberous rooted herb, with simple leaves.
127. Petals like those of the last species, but sometimes 5.
91 P. CONSPICUUM (Sweet, ger. 1. c. under Grenvillea,) stem-
Myrrh-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1696. Sh. 1 ft.
less; leaves spatulately-ovate or obovate, deeply-crenated, vil-
98 P. CORIANDRIFOLIUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 528. coll. 5.
lous; stem long, a little branched ; umbels many-flowered ; t. 142.) stem herbaceous, perennial, rather puberulous; leaves
superior petals emarginate; nectariferous tube nearly 3 times
bipinnate, smooth; lobes linear, subpinnatifid. 2. G. Ger.
longer than the calyx. 4. G. Ger. Grenvílliæ, Andr. ger.
icon. Petals blush, 2 superior ones with a purple spot in the
coriandrifolium, Cav. diss. 4. t. 116. Jenkinsònia coriandri-
centre of each, and with their bases dark-velvety.
fòlia, Sweet, ger. t. 34. Peduncles usually 3-flowered. Petals
white, 2 superior ones streaked with red.
Conspicuous Stork's-bill. Fl. July, Nov. Cit. 1810. Pl. 1 ft. Coriander-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1724.
Sect. VII. SEYMOU’RIA (named in compliment to the hon.
Pl. 1 foot.
Emily Seymour). Sweet, ger. 3. t. 206. Detals 2, distinct at
** Flowers with 5 anthers and 5 petals.
the base, abruptly reflexed in the middle. Stamens 5, nearly
equal, in a long straight tube, all fertile.—Stemless herbs, with
99 P. LA CERUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 532. coll. 5. t. 122.)
turnip-like roots.
stem herbaceous, hairy, rather erect ; leaves bipinnatifid ; seg-
92 P. ASARIFOLIUM (Sweet, ger. 1. c. under Seymoúria,) leaves
ments lanceolate, obtuse, toothed at the apex; peduncles 3-5-
roundish, cordate, bluntish, quite entire, ciliated, smooth, and
flowered. 4. G. Jenkinsònia lácera, Sweet, ger. 3. p. 532.
shining above, but velvety-tomentose beneath ; umbels com-
Petals blush, marked with blood-coloured veins. Pedicels short,
pound, capitate; petals lanceolately-spatulate, emarginate at the
cuniculate even to the base.
apex. 4. G. Flowers dark-purple.
Jagged-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1731. Pl. 2 ft.
Asarabacca-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. Nov. Feb. Clt. 1821.
*** Flowers with 7 anthers and 4 petals.
Pl. foot.
93 P. L'HERETI'ERI (Sweet, ger. 1. c.) leaves ovate, quite en-
100 P. LONGICAU'LE (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 533. coll. 5. p.
tire, acute, smooth; umbels simple ; petioles ciliated with hairs.
125.) stem herbaceous, hairy ; leaves pinnate-parted ; segments
2. G. Ger. dipétalum, Lher. ger. t. 43. Petals pale-purple, jagged, toothed at the apex, lower ones more profound; pe-
spotted at the base.
duncles 1-5-flowered. 5.G. Petals 4-5, pale-rose coloured,
L'Heretier's Stork's-bill. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1795. Pl. į ft.
veined with red.
Long-stemmed Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug.
Fl. May, Aug. Clt.? Pl. long.
SECT. VIII. JENKINSÒNIA (named in compliment to Mr. Jen- 101 P. ANEMONEFÒLIUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 535. coll. 5.
spec. 949.
--
5 A 2

732
GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
.
Aug.
.
h. G.
p. 133.) stem shrubby at the base, hairy, erect; leaves pinnate- apex; the rest sterile, unequal, and incurved. Shrubs with
.—
parted, hairy beneath, but smooth above ; lobes toothed ; pe- fleshy stems.
duncles usually 5-flowered. h. G. Jenkinsònia anemonefolia, 107 P. COTYLE'DON (Lher. ger. t. 27.) stem thick, fleshy,
Sweet, ger. 3. t. 535. Petals usually 5 in number, rose-coloured, branched ; leaves cordate, rather peltate, wrinkled, pubescent,
striped with deeper veins.
but tomentose beneath, and reticulately veined. h.s, Native
Anemone-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug.
Fl. May, Aug. Pl. 1 foot. . of St. Helena. Ger. cotylédonis, Lin. mant. 569. Isopétalum
102 P. CAUCALIFÒLIUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 529. coll. 5. p. cotylédonis, Sweet, ger. 126. Petals white, ovate.
145.) stem herbaceous, hairy ; leaves bipinnate; lobes linear, Cotyledon-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Clt. 1765.
smoothish ; peduncles 1-flowered. 4. G. Jenkinsònia cauca- Shrub 1 to 4 feet.
lifòlia, Sweet, ger. 3. t. 529. Petals white or flesh-coloured, 108 P. Díscipes (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 85.). This plant is a
veined with red.
native of St. Helena; it has not yet flowered in the gardens.
Caucalis-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. Mar. Sept. Clt. 1812. Pl. 1 ft. It
grows tall, with 1 single stem, with the leaves crowded at the
103 P. MULTICAU'LE (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 534. coll. 5. p. top of the stem, they are hairy and kidney-shaped. 4. G.
126.) stems herbaceous, procumbent, smooth ; leaves somewhat Central-stalked Stork's-bill. Clt. 1808. Shrub 6 feet.
bipinnatifid, toothed ; peduncles many-flowered, capitate. 2. G.
Jenkinsònia multicaúlis, Sweet, ger. 3. t. 534. Petals pale-
SECT. XI. CicòNIUM (from cicònia, a stork, the same meaning
as Pelargonium, which see). Sweet, ger. no. 13. in a note, and
violet, 2 superior ones veined and spotted.
at no. 9. Pelargium, series 1. Cicònium, D. C. prod. 1.
. p. 658.
Many-stemmed Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1802. Pl.
sect. Cynosbàta, D. C. prod. 1. p. 654. Petals 5, 2 superior
procumbent.
ones approximate, short, and narrow, or nearly equal between
104 P. PE'NDULUM (Sweet, ger. 2. t. 188. under Jenkinsònia,)
themselves. Stamens 10, 7 or 5 of which bear anthers, 2 upper
peduncles usually 5-flowered ; leaves bipinnatifidly jagged,
ones of these very short, 3 or 5 sterile.—Stems shrubby, erect.
hairy; segments lanceolate, obtuse, toothed at the apex; stem
procumbent, hairy; flowers heptandrous, 4-petalled, nectari- * Petals suboval, nearly equal. Stamens 10, 5 of which are
ferous tube keeled, a little longer than the calyx. h. G. Ger. sterile and 5 fertile. Cynosbata, D. C. l.c.
lácerum, Andr.
ger.
icon. Petals lilac, 2 superior ones striped 109 P. MALVÆFÒLIUM (Jacq. fil. ecl. 1. p. 145. t. 97.) stem
with dark purple.
shrubby at the base ; branches divaricate, diffuse, puberulous;
Pendulous-branched Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.? Pl. leaves cordate, rather orbicular, 7-9-lobed, coarsely serrated,
hanging
pubescent on both surfaces ; umbels 5-8-flowered.
**** Flowers with 7 anthers and 5 petals.
Petals flesh-coloured, reticulated with darker veins. Nectari-
ferous tube obsolete.
105 P. QUINA'TUM (Curt. bot. mag. 547.) stem shrubby,
Mallow-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept.
Clt. 1812.
flexuous; leaves pubescent, palmately 5-cleft; lobes cuneated,
Shrub 2 feet.
3-toothed at the apex; peduncles 1-2-flowered ; stamens pilose
at the base; nectariferous tube twice the length of the large
110 P. LATERÍTIUM (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 47.) stem shrubby
calyx ; superior petals emarginate. h. G. Ger. præmórsum,
at the base ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, hairy, zonate ; lobes acutely
Andr. bot. rep. 150.
Jenkinsònia quinàta, Sweet, ger. t. 79.
toothed at the apex ; umbels 4-5-flowered. h. G. Jacq. fil.
Flowers large, cream-coloured, the 2 superior petals marked
ecl. 1. t. 97. the last figure. Petals brick-coloured.
Brick-coloured-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept.
with dark, simple veins.
, Clt.
1800. Shrub 2 feet.
Quinate-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1793. Sh. 1
111 P. CYNOSBATIFÒLIUM (Willd. hort. berl. t. 78.) stem
to 2 feet.
shrubby, branched ; leaves cordate, 3-lobed, toothed, pilose;
SECT. IX. CHORÍSMA (from xwplouos, chorismos, a separ- middle lobe 3-lobed ; peduncles 2-flowered; nectariferous tube
ation; in allusion to the 2 lower fertile stamens being free very short. Þ.G. Flowers of a deep rose-colour, according
,
and separate from the rest). Sweet, ger. no. 79. Petals 4, to the colour given in the figure, but lilac according to the de-
rarely 5, 2 superior ones with long claws, large, 2 lower ones scription; the lower petals are striped with darker branched
much smaller. Stamens connate into a long, declinate tube,
veins.
which is jointed in the middle, 7 of which are fertile, 2 lower Gooseberry-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 2 ft.
ones of these free, the 3 sterile ones very short and awl-shaped,
** Petals of one colour, 2 superior ones very short and narrow.
and about equal in length.
Stamens short, erect, 2 lower ones very short, with the anthers
106 P. TETRAGÒNUM (Lher. ger. t. 23.) branches tetragonal, nearly sessile. Stems shrubby, fleshy. Sect. Pelargium, series
fleshy; leaves cordate, obtusely lobed and rather toothed.
1. Cicònia, D. C. prod. 1. p. 658. .
ħ. G. Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 132. Curt. bot. mag. 136. D. C.
pl. grass. t. 96. Jenkinsònia tetragona, Sweet, ger. t. 99.
112 P. ACETÓSUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 430.) leaves quite
Flowers pink.
smooth, obovate, crenated, rather fleshy; peduncles few--flowered;
Var. B, trigònum (Scop. del. 1. p. 12. t. 5.) branches tri- petals linear.
petals linear. Þ. G. Curt. bot. mag. 103. Ger. acetòsum,
gonal. In the same plant the branches may be trigonal and
Lin. spec. 947. Cav. diss. 4. t. 104. f. 3. Petals pale-rose
tetragonal.
coloured. Stamens usually 5, fertile.
Var. y, variegatum (Sweet, ger. 99.) leaves variegated with
Sorrel-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1710. Sh. 2 ft.
white round the edges.
113 P. SCA'NDENS (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 161. Willd. spec. 3. p.
Tetragonal-stemmed Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1774. 666.) leaves roundish, obsoletely lobed, crenated, smooth, zo-
Shrub 1 foot, with reclining branches.
nate; peduncles many-flowered; petals linear, about the breadth
of the segments of the calyx. Þ.G. Stem not climbing, but
Sect. X. IsoPE’TALUM (from loos, isos, equal, and metalov, the branches are flexuous. Ger. acetòsum ròseum, Dum. Cours.
petalon, a petal). Sweet, ger. no. 126. Superior segment of bot. cult. 5.
p. 16. Petals rose-coloured.
calyx ending in a nectariferous foveola at the base, not in a tube.
Shrub
Climbing Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800.
Petals 5, equal. Stamens 10, connate into a short tube, 5 or 6 flexuous.
of which are fertile, these are spreading and incurved at the 114 P. PU'MILUM (Willd. enum. 704.) leaves roundish, kid-
a

GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
733
.
а.
Willd. spec.
.
ger. icon.
,
ney-shaped, obsoletely lobed, crenate, younger ones somewhat curled, pubescent on both surfaces; peduncles many-flowered ;
zonate ; peduncles usually many-flowered ; petals linear; nec- flowers aggregate; petals linear-cuneated. ñ. G. Ciconium
tariferous tube 4-5-times longer than the calyx, nearly sessile. monstrum, Sweet, ger. 13. Flowers deep rose-coloured, of the
ħ. G. Ger. zonale mínimum, Andr.ger. icone. Very like P. 7 fertile stamens 2 are very
7 fertile stamens 2 are very short. Perhaps a hybrid.
scándens, but the stem is hardly a foot high. Petals pale-scarlet. Monstrous Stork's-bill. F1, May, Oct. Clt. 1784. Shrub
Dwarf Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800. Shrub 1 ft. 2 to 4 feet.
115 P. STENOPE'TALUM (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 161.
.
161. Willd.
123 P. MICRA'NTHUM (Sweet, ger. 295. under Cicònium,)
3. p. 666.) leaves roundish, obsoletely lobed, crenated, pubes-
3
stem shrubby, fleshy; leaves cordately-kidney-shaped, orbi-
cent, zonate; peduncles many-flowered ; petals linear, narrower cular, sharply 5-lobed, crenated, pubescent; stipulas cordate,
than the calycine lobes. h. G. Petals deep-scarlet. P. ribi- ciliated; umbels many-flowered ; petals roundish-ovate, some-
fòlium, Dum. Cours. bot. cult. ed. 2. no. 58.
what emarginate, half as long again as the calyx; nectariferous
Narrow-petalled Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. tube twice the length of the calyx. h. G. Flowers small,
Shrub 3 feet.
bright scarlet.
116 P. LEPTOPE'TALUM (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 84.) leaves cor- Small-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt.? Shrub
date, obsoletely 5-lobed, slightly crenated, fleshy; umbels many-
1 to 3 feet.
flowered ; petals linear, about half as long again as the calyx; 124 P. BENTINCKIA'NUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 664.) leaves cor-
nectariferous tube 4-times longer than the calyx. h. G. Ger. date, orbicular, bluntly 5-7-lobed, crenated, soft, velvety on both
stenopétalum, Andr. ger. with a figure. Petals scarlet.
surfaces ; umbels many-flowered, velvety; petals obovate, nearly
Slender-petalled Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. equal ; nectariferous tube 5-times longer than the calyx. N.G.
Shrub 3 feet.
Petals of an intense scarlet colour. Cicònium Bentinckiànum,
117 P. HY'BRIDUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 424.) leaves round- Sweet, hort. brit. 85. Ger. crenatum, var. mollifoliatum, Andr.
ish, obsoletely lobed, crenated, smooth, spotless ; peduncles
many-flowered ; petals linear-wedge-shaped, broader than the Bentinck's Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt.? Sh. 2 to 4 ft.
segments of the calyx. ħ. G. Ger. hybridum, Lin. mant. 97. 125 P. FothergÍLLII (Sweet, ger. t. 266. under Cicònium,)
Cav. diss. 4. t. 105. f. 2. P. coccíneum, Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 162.
.
stem nearly erect, branched; leaves kidney-shaped, 5-lobed,
Ger. miniàtum, Andr. ger. with a figure. Cicònium hybridum, crenated, zonate; stipulas cordate, oblong, acute, ciliated; pe-
Sweet, ger. 1. t. 63. This is a proper species, not a hybrid. duncles very long ; umbels many-flowered; petals obovate, veiny;
Petals scarlet.
nectariferous tube 3-times longer than the calyx. Þ.G. Petals
Var. B, roseum (Ehrh. beitr. 7. p. 161.) leaves cordately- striped with dark purple.
kidney-shaped ; petals rose-coloured.
Var. a, coccineum (Sweet, 1. c. f. a.) flowers scarlet.
Hybrid Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1732. Sh. 3 to 4 ft. Var. B, purpùreum (Sweet, 1. c. f. b.) flowers of a purplish
118 P. ZONA'LE (Willd. spec. 3. p. 667.) leaves cordate, orbi-
rose-colour.
cular, obsoletely lobed, toothed, zonate above ; peduncles many- Fothergill's Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. ? Sh. 2 to 4 ft.
flowered ; petals wedge-shaped. h. G. G. zonale, Lin. spec. .
126 P. CRENATUM (Sweet, ger. t. 345. under Cicònium,) leaves
947. Cav. diss. 4. t. 98. f. 2. Flowers variable in colour, red, broad, kidney-shaped, obsoletely lobed, coarsely crenated, pu-
scarlet, rose, pale, and white.
bescent; stipulas large, with wavy reflexed margins; umbels
Var. B, marginàtum (Cav. diss. 4. p. 230.) leaves curled and many-flowered; bracteas numerous, variable ; petals wedge-
wrinkled, not zonate, but white around the edge; branches stiff, shaped, upper ones much the smallest ; nectariferous tube short,
Flowers scarlet.
pedicellate, twice the length of the reflexed calyx. h.G. Ger.
Horse-shoe Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Dec. Clt. 1710. Shrub crenatum, Andr. ger. icon. Petals bright-scarlet.
3 to 6 feet.
Crenate-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Sh. 2 to 4 feet.
119 P. INQUINANS (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 424.) leaves orbi-
cular, kidney-shaped, tomentosely viscid ; peduncles many-flow-
A list of garden Hybrids belonging to the present section Ci-
ered ; petals obovate-wedge-shaped. h. G. Ger. inquinans,
conium.
Lin. spec. 945.
945. Cav. diss. 4, t. 106. f. 2. Andr. ger. icon.-
Dill. hort. elth, t. 125. f. 151. The leaves stain the hands of a
1 P. reticulatum (Sweet, ger. t. 143.) Flowers scarlet.
brown colour. Flowers bright-crimson or scarlet.
2 P. æqualiflòrum (Sweet, hort. brit. 84.) Flowers scarlet.
Staining Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1714. Sh. 4 to 6 ft.
3 P. oxyphyllum (Sweet, hort. brit. 84.). Ger. miniàtum,
var. álbum, Andr. ger. icon. Flowers white.
120 P. HETERO'GAMUM (Lher. ger. t. 18.) leaves cordate,
4 P. bracteosum (D. C.) Flowers scarlet.
orbicular, deeply lobed, pubescent on both surfaces ; peduncles
5 P. glabrifolium (Sweet, ger. 363.) Flowers scarlet.
many-flowered ; petals oblong-wedge-shaped. Þ. G. Ger.
quinquélobum, Lam. dict. 2. p. 671. Said to be a hybrid between SECT. XII. POLYA'CTIUM (from tolv, poly, many, and aktiv,
P. zonale and P. alchimilloides. Flowers rose-coloured or action, a ray; in allusion to the numerous flowers. D. C. prod. 1.
lilac. Stamens 6, fertile.
p. 655.) Segments of calyx nearly equal, revolute. Petals 5,
Heterogamous Stork’s -bill. Fl. May, Aug. Cit. 1786. Shrub nearly equal, obovate. Stamens io, 5 of which are antheri-
4 to 6 feet.
ferous, the 4 lower ones are long and awl-shaped, the superior
121 P. ce'RINUM (Sweet, ger, t. 176. under Cicònium,) leaves one broad and spatulate, reflexed at the apex, the fertile ones
roundish-kidney-shaped, obsoletely crenated, nerved, pubescent,
short and incurved at the apex. Petals all marked with a
very soft; stipulas cordate, toothed; stem erect; umbels many- large dark-brown spot, hardly margined with yellow.
flowered ; petals obovate, upper ones smallest ; nectariferous 127 P. MULTIRADIA'TUM (Wendl, coll. with a figure) almost
tube twice the length of the calyx. h. G. Petals pink, stemless; lower leaves pinnate, hairy, with pinnatifid segments;
hardly lined at the base. Stamens io, short, erect, sometimes lobes oblong, obtuse, deeply toothed; upper leaves smoothish,
all fertile. Perhaps a hybrid.
bipinnatifid; umbels 20-30-flowered ; nectariferous tube 4-times
Wax Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Dec. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. longer than the calyx. 4. G. Root tuberous, Sweet, ger. 145.
122 P. Monstrum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 424.) leaves orbicularly Petals black.
kidney-shaped, obsoletely lobed, slightly zonate, complicated, Many-rayed Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Ju. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft,
erect.
.

734
GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM,
Ger. pro-
with a
Sect. XIII. Peri'stera (from Teplotepa, peristera, a pigeon ; 10, unequal, 7 of which are antheriferous, 3 sterile ones awl-
leaves of most of the species resembling those of the Common shaped.
Dove's-foot, Ger. columbinum). D. C. prod. 1. p. 655. Petals
Series I. Isopetaloidea (from loc, isos, equal, and metalov,
nearly equal between themselves, and about the length of the
D. C. prod. 1. p. 659. Petals nearly the
calyx or a little longer. Stamens 10, the 5 longest ones nearly petalon, a petal). D. C. prod. 1. p. 659.
same size and length.
equal, antheriferous, the 5 alternate ones very short and sterile,
toothformed. Caulescent herbs with the habit of Gerànium and * Alchimilloidea (plants with the habit of Alchimilla), D.C.
Eròdium.
prod. 1. p. 659.
.
659. Stems herbaceous. Leaves cordate, palmately
128 P. COLUMBÌNUM (Jacq. schoenbr. 2. p. 4. t. 133.) many-
lobed. Petals small.
stemmed, diffuse, procumbent; leaves cordate, roundish, many- 135 P. INODÒRUM (Willd. hort. berl. t. 34.) stems herbaceous,
parted ; lobes trifid; lobules linear; peduncles many-flowered ; diffuse ; leaves cordately-ovate, obsoletely lobed, bluntly toothed,
flowers 4-anthered. 4. G. Ger. alceoides, Lin. spec. 948.? ciliated; umbels many-flowered, capitate ; petals equal with
1
Petals purple, oblong-linear.
the calyx as well as with each other. 4. G. Native of New
Dove's-foot-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Dec. Clt. 1795. Holland. Sweet, ger. t. 56. Lag. nov. spec. no. 272. Petals
Pl. procumbent.
pale-purple, 2 superior ones marked with intense spots. Stamens
129 P. PROCUỘMBENS (Pers. ench. 2. p. 229.) plant procum- all fertile, as in the rest of the New Holland species.
bent ; leaves cordate, rather lobed, crenate, toothed; peduncles Scentless Stork's-bill. Fl. Mar. Aug. Clt. 1796. Pl. diffuse.
usually 2-flowered; flowers 4-anthered. 2. G.
136 P. ODORATÍSSIMUM (Ait. hort. kew. ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 419.)
)
cumbens, Andr. bot. rep. 254. Petals small, 2 superior ones stem fleshy, short ; branches herbaceous, long, diffuse ; leaves
white, 3 lower ones purple ; all spotted in the middle.
roundish, cordate, soft ; umbels usually 5-flowered. 4. G. Ger.
Procumbent Stork's-bill. Fl. April
, May. Clt. 1801. Pl. odoratíssimum, Cav. diss. 4. t. 103. f. 1. Andr. ger.
procumbent.
figure. Petals small, pale rose-coloured.
130 P. HUMIFU'SUM (Willd. enum. suppl. 47.) many-stemmed, Very-sweet-scented Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1724.
procumbent; leaves cordate, somewhat 3-parted, or 5-lobed,
Pl. diffuse.
toothed ; peduncles 3-5-flowered; flowers 4-5-anthered. O. H. 137 P. GROSSULARIOÌDES (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 42.) stems
Native of the Canary Islands. Jacq. ecl. 1. t. 99. Sweet, ger. prostrate, tetragonal, very smooth ; leaves cordate, roundish,
t. 42. Ger. decumbens, Balb. cat. hort. taur. 1813. app. 1. p. deeply toothed; peduncles usually 2-flowered. 4. G. Ger.
11. Petals small, all spotted in the centre, 2 superior ones white, grossularioìdes, Lin. spec. 948. Cav. diss. 4. t. 119. f. 2. Flowers
3 inferior ones purplish.
minute, pale flesh-coloured.
Trailing Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Oct. Pl. trailing.
Gooseberry-like Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1731.
131 P. CHAMÆDRYFÒLIUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 523.) much
Pl. prostrate.
branched, procumbent; leaves elliptic, obtuse, covered with 138 P. A’NCEPS (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 40.) stems decumbent,
hoary pubescence, toothed; peduncles usually 2-flowered; flowers triquetrously 2-edged, smooth; leaves cordate, roundish, obso-
5-anthered. 2. G. Petals white, length of calyx, marked letely lobed, toothed; umbels many-flowered. 4. G. Jacq.
.
with a blood-coloured patch in the middle.
coll. 4. p. 184. t. 22. f. 3. Flowers small, larger than those of
Chamædrys-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1812. the foregoing species, reddish.
Pl. procumbent.
Two-edged-stemmed Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1788.
132 P. AUSTRA'LE (Willd. spec. 3. p. 657.) diffuse, pro-
Pl. decumbent.
cumbent ; leaves cordate, rather lobed, villous beneath ; pedun- 139 P. AcuGNA’TICUM (Pet. Th. fl. acugn. p. 44. t. 13.) stems
p
cles many-flowered; flowers 5-anthered. 4. G. Native of herbaceous, erect; leaves smooth, kidney-shaped, obsoletely
New Holland. Jacq. ecl. 1. p. 149. t. 100. Petals rose-co- lobed, dentately crenated; umbels many-flowered, capitate ;
loured, 2 superior ones spotted.
petals length of the pilose, acuminated calyx. 4. G. Native
Southern Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. Pl. pro- of the island of Tristan d'Acugna. Petals wedge-shaped, red.
cumbent.
P. clandestinum of Lher. ger. ined. a native of New Zealand,
133 P. GLOMERA'TUM (Jacq. ecl. 1. p. 146. t. 98.) stem suf- is perhaps the same.
fruticose, diffuse ; leaves cordate, ovate, obsoletely lobed, ob- D'Acugna Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 ft.
tusely crenated, villous beneath; umbels many-flowered, crowded, 140 P. CLAVA'TUM (Lher. ger. ined. no. 32.) stems herba-
petals rather larger than the calyx, nearly equal between them- ceous, erect, puberulous; leaves kidney-shaped, nearly undi-
selves; nectariferous tube very short, nearly obsolete.
vided, pubescent, crenate-toothed ; umbels many-flowered ; nec-
Native of New Holland. P. austràle, Sweet, ger. 68. but not tariferous tube clavate, twice the length of the acuminated lobes
of Willd. Ger. glomerátum, Andr. ger. icon. P. austràle B, of the calyx.
Willd. enum. 707. Petals white, 2 upper ones spotted with red. Clavate-tubed Stork's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
Glomerate-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1792. 141 P. PARVIFLÒRUM (Andr. ger. with a figure, under Gerà-
Pl. diffuse.
nium,) plant prostrate; branches very slender ; leaves cordate,
134 P. ALTHÆOÌDES (Lher, ger. t. 10.) diffuse, procumbent; slightly 5-lobed, crenated, obtuse, hairy; umbels many-flowered;
leaves cordate, ovate, villous, 3-lobed, toothed, upper ones si- petals all sublinear, nearly equal; nectariferous tube about the
nuated; umbels many-flowered ; flowers 5-anthered. 4. G. length of the calyx. 2. G.
4. G. Flowers small, purplish-red.
Jacq. coll. 4. p. 185. t. 21. f.2. Ger. althæoides, Cav. diss. 4. Šmall-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1800. Pl.
t. 123. f. 2. Petals white, spotted with red in the middle, prostrate.
wedge-shaped, equal in length with the calyx.
142 P. DISTANS (Lher. ger. ined. no. 35.) stems herbaceous,
Hollyhock-like Stork's-bill. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1724. erect, tetragonal, smooth ; leaves remote, 'roundish, 5-lobed,
Pl. procumbent.
smooth, upper ones deeply jagged; umbels many-flowered,
crowded, on long peduncles. 4. G.
SECT. XIV. PELA’RGIUM (from Telapyos, pelargos, a stork, see Distant Stork's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
genus. D. C. prod. 1. p. 658. Pelargonium, Sweet, ger. 143 P. TABULA'RE (Lher, ger. t. 9.) stem ascending, pilose ;
no. 41.). Petals 5, unequal, 2 upper ones approximate. Stamens leaves kidney-shaped, 3-5-lobed, obtuse, toothed at the apex,
4. G.
4. G.

GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
735
smoothish ; peduncles elongated, 2-4-flowered. 4. G. Ger. Canescent Stork's-bill. FI. May, Aug. Clt.? Sh. 1 to 3 ft.
.
tabuldre, Lin. spec. 947. but not of Burm. Ger. elongatum, 153 P. ARTEMISIÆFÒLIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 661.) stem
Cav. diss. 4. p. 233. t. 101. f. 3. Petals white, a little longer shrubby ; leaves smooth, bipinnately-decompound ; lobes linear,
f
than the calyx. Leaves zonate.
acute; peduncles 1-2-flowered ; nectariferous tube 5 times
Tabular Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1775. Pl. diffuse. longer than the calyx h. G. Petals linear, white, 2 superior
,
144 P. PARVULUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 660.) herbaceous, ones marked with a linear red line. Burch. cat. afr. no. 2710.
many-stemmed, erect; leaves pubescent, villous, cordate, 3- Very like P. fruticosum.
parted ; lobes cut; peduncles usually 3-flowered ; segments of Wormwood-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1817.
calyx acute, pubescent. O? H. P. nanum, Lher. ger. no. 41. Shrub 1 foot.
but not of Sweet. Flowers small.
Flowers small. Plant with the habit of 154 P. RAMOSI'SSIMUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 688.) stem shrubby,
Erodium marítimum.
much branched ; leaves pubescent, pinnate; leaflets distant,
Small Stork's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
deeply-pinnatifid ; umbels few-flowered ; calyxes obtuse. h.G.
145 P. SENECIOÌDES (Lher. ger. t. 11.) stem herbaceous, Burm. afr. t. 34. f. 2. Ger. ramosíssimum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 260.
erect; leaves bipinnatifidly jagged, smooth ; peduncles generally Petals pale, 2 upper ones reflexed, as in Hoárea.
3-flowered ; involucre and calyxes obtuse. O. H. Flowers Much-branched Stork's-bill. Shrub 2 feet.
white, 2 superior petals spotted at the base.
155 P. TENUIFÒLIUM (Lher. ger. t. 12.) stem fleshy, naked,
Senecio-like Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Jul. Clt. 1775. Pl. ft. erect; leaves hairy, bipinnately-decompound ; lobes linear, awl-
146 P. ALCHIMILLOÌDES (Willd. spec. 3. p. 656.) stem diffuse, shaped ; umbels many-flowered. ħ. G. Peduncles elongated,
villous ; leaves cordate, palmately 5-lobed, villous ; peduncles slender. Petals obovate-oblong, purple, 2 upper ones of a deeper
few-flowered; stigmas sessile. 4. G. Ger. alchimilloides, Lin. colour.
vir. 345. Cav. diss. 4. t. 98. f. 1.
Fine-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1768. Shrub
Alchimilla-like Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1693. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
diffuse.
156 P. HIRTUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 536. coll. 5. p. 144.)
stem fleshy, scaly, decumbent ; leaves hairy, bipinnately-decom-
** Athamanthoidea (plants with the habit of Athamantha).
pound; segments linear, obtuse ; umbels many-flowered. h. G.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 660. Stem suffruticose. Leaves pinnate or
Sweet, ger. t. 113. Ger. hírtum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 258. t. 117.
ternate ; leaflets multifid.
f. 2. Petals rose-coloured, 2 upper ones broadest, and spotted
147 P. MINIMUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 664.) stem hardly with purple. This species differs from P. tenuifolium in the
shrubby, erect; branches smooth; leaves pinnate ; lower seg- stem being decumbent, and in the lobes of the leaves being
ments pinnatifid, upper ones linear-oblong, entire, and lobed ;
shorter.
umbels many-flowered. ñ ? G. Ger. mínimum, Cav. diss. 4. Hairy Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1768. Shrub de-
p. 260. t. 121. f. 3. P. capnoìdes, Lher. ger. ined. no. 46.
cumbent.
Least Stork's-bill. Pl. { foot.
157 P. CONFU'SUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 661.) stem shrubby ;
148 P. ATHAMANTHOIDES (Lher. ger. ined. no. 47.) stem leaves glaucous, smooth, decompound; segments wedge-shaped,
erect, hardly shrubby; branches rather herbaceous, angular ; deeply-toothed, lower ones divaricate ; involucre many-leaved,
leaves clothed with cinereous tomentum, bipinnate, jagged; and is ciliated, as well as the calyx. h. G. P. sanguíneum,
,
,
,
lobules linear-awl-shaped, acute ; umbels compound. 4? G. Willd. enum. suppl. 48. but not of Sweet.
Athamantha-like Stork's-bill. Pl. foot.
Confused Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub 1 foot.
149 P. ABROTANIFÒLIUM (Jacq. schoenbr. 2. t. 136.) stem 158 P. TRIPARTI'TUM (Sweet, ger. 115.) stem shrubby ; leaves
suffruticose ; leaves clothed with cinereous tomentum, palmately ternate, fleshy, deeply-toothed, glaucous ; segments nearly ses-
ternate ; leaflets linear, trifid; umbels few-flowered ; calyxes sile, wedge-shaped, middle one 3-parted and elongated; umbels
rather hispid. ħ. G. Ger. abrotanifòlium, Lin, fil. suppl. 304. many-flowered; nectariferous tube length of pedicel, but 3 times
Cav. diss. 4. p. 256. t. 117. f. 1. Corolla purplish.
longer than the calyx. h. G. Petals cream-coloured, narrow,
Southernwood-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1791. the two superior ones marked with an elongated purple spot at
Shrub 1 foot.
the base.
150 P. FRUTICÒSUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 689.) stem shrubby ;
Var. a; umbels 3-flowered. P. tripartitum, Willd. spec. 3.
leaves smooth, bipinnately decompound ; lobes linear, acute; p. 683. P. trífidum, Jacq. schonbr. 2. t. 134.
peduncles 2-flowered ; nectariferous tube twice or thrice longer Var. B; umbels 5-6-flowered. P. frágile, Willd. spec. 3. p.
than the calyx. Þ.G. Ger. fruticosum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 163. 686. Ger. frágile, Andr. bot. rep. t. 37. G. tripartitum, Sweet,
t. 122. f. 2. Petals oblong-cuneated, pale-violet, 2 superior t
ones largest.
Three-parted-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1789.
Shrubby Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 foot.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
151 P. Incisum (Willd. spec. 3. p. 686.) stem shrubby; leaves
p
159 P. SPINÒSUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 681.) stem shrubby;
ternate, dark-green ; leaflets distant, 3-parted, and jagged ; leaves wedge-shaped, trifid, toothed ; petioles and stipulas per-
umbels 6-7-flowered; petals linear, flaccid; upper ones longest. manent, spinescent; umbels compound, few-flowered. ñ . G.
K. G. Sweet, ger. 93. Ger. incisum, Andr. bot. rep. 67. Paters. itin. ed. gall. t. 10. Flowers almost like those of the
Petals white, 2 upper ones with a blood-coloured spot in the preceding species.
middle. Nectariferous tube nearly sessile.
Spiny Stork's-bill. Fl. May, June. Cit. 1795. Shrub 1
Cut-leaved Stork's-bill. Fi. May, Aug. Clt. 1791. Shrub to 2 feet.
1 to 3 feet.
*** Gibbòsa. Stem shrubby, fleshy. Leaves ternate or pin-
152 P. CANE'SCENS (Sweet, ger. no. 93. in a note) stem
shrubby ; leaves ternate, canescent ; segments aggregate, tripar-
Petals of dirty-yellowish brown.
titely-jagged, obtuse; petals linear, stiff, upper ones shortest ; 160 P. GIBBÒSUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 684.) stem shrubby,
nectariferous tube pedicellate, 4-times the length of the calyx. fleshy, with tumid knots; leaves pinnate, with 1-2 pairs of seg-
. G. Ger. incisum, Andr. bot. rep. 67.? Very like the pre- ments and an odd one, obtuse, cuneated, deeply-toothed, termi-
ceding. Petals white, upper ones spotted.
nal one trifid ; umbels many-flowered. Þ.G. Sweet, ger. t. 61.
.
ger. t. 115.
.
nate.

736
GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
2. G.
Ger. gibbosum, Lin. spec. 946. Cav. diss. 4. t. 109. f. 1. Petals Petals upper ones pale-yellow, lower ones brownish-purple.
of a dirty greenish-yellow colour, sweet-scented in the evening. Root tuberous. Stem short.
Gibbous-stemmed Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1712. Cut-petalled Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1821. Pl. ft.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
169 P. LOBA'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 650.) nearly stemless;
161 P. APIIFÒLIUM (Jacq. ecl. 1. t. 27.) stem shrubby, fleshy, leaves cordate, tomentose beneath, bluntly 3-5-lobed, sinuately-
thick ; leaves pinnate, with wedge-shaped, pinnatifid leaflets, and toothed ; scape subdivided ; umbels many-flowered.
jagged lobes ; umbels many-flowered. Þ.G. Petals with a Sweet, ger. 51. Ger. lobatum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 250. t. 114. f.2.
dirty-yellow margin, and dark-brown disk. Anthers 7, with Petals obovate-oblong, blackish, with the base and margins yel-
the nectariferous tube hardly conspicuous.
low. Stamens usually 6, rarely 9-10.
Celery-leaved Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Lobed-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1710. Pl. 1 ft.
170 P. PULVERULE'NTUM (Sweet, ger. 3. t. 218.) nearly stem-
Trístia (from tristis, sad ; colour of flowers). Plants
less ; umbels many-flowered ; scape rather branched ; leaves
almost stemless. Roots tuberous and fasciculately-tuberous. roundish-cordate, somewhat lobed, crenated, clothed with
Pow-
Leaves decompound, jagged, or undivided and lobed. Petals
dery tomentum, fleshy ; superior petals smallest, with 2 spots
from yellow to dirty-brown.
each. 4. G. Root a tuber, covered with rough cracked skin.
162 P. FLA'YUM (Ait. hort. kew, ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 418.) sub- Petals 3, lower ones dark-velvety, with a yellowish margin;
caulescent; leaves bipinnately-decompound, jagged, hairy; seg- upper ones yellowish, with 2 dark velvety marks near the apex.
ments linear; umbels many-flowered. 2. G. Sweet, ger. 254. Powdery-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822.
Ger. daucifolium, Murr. comm. goett. 1780. p. 13. t. 4. Cav. Pl. į foot.
diss. 4. t. 120. f. 2. Ger. flávum, Lin. fil. suppl. 257. Petals
171 P. PEDICELLA'TUM (Sweet, ger. 3. t. 250.) nearly stem-
dirty-yellow, smelling at night.
less; leaves smooth, ciliated, fleshy, 5-7-lobed, toothed, reflexed
Var. B. daucoìdes (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 522.) lobes of leaves at the apex; stipulas cordate, acute; umbels many-flowered ;
rather lanceolate ; flowers pale-yellow, marked with red lines. flowers on long pedicels; calyxes reflexed ; petals nearly equal ;
;
Yellow-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1724. Pl. 1 ft. nectariferous tube 5 times longer than the calyx. 4. G. Root
163 P. MILLEFOLIA'TUM (Sweet, ger. 230.) plant nearly stem- a tuber, covered with brown bark. Petals lower ones dark-
less ; leaves decompound, smooth ; leaflets jagged, with chan- purple, edged with pale-yellow, 2 upper ones pale greenish-
nelled, linear segments; umbels many-flowered; calyxes re- yellow, marked with a bifid, purplish spot.
flexed ; nectariferous tube almost sessile, and 5 times longer than Pedicellate-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1822.
the calyx. 2. G. Root tuberous, branching out into many
Pl. 1 foot.
tubers of different sizes and shapes. Petals of a dingy-brown 172 P. LU`RIDUM (Sweet, ger. 3. t. 281.) leaves ovate, bluntly
colour, and darker in the centre.
toothed or cut, smooth, or slightly pubescent; scape simple ;
Milfoil-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Pl. I foot. umbels many-flowered, on very long pedicels ; petals nearly
164 P. APPENDICULA'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 651.) stemless; equal, obovate, at length reflexed; nectariferous tube 5-times
leaves bipinnate, villous ; lobes linear; stipulas adnate to the longer than the calyx ; root large, tuberous, covered with
petioles, dilated and ovate at the apex ; umbels many-flowered, wrinkled scaly bark, 2. G. Ger. lùridum, Andr. ger.
icon.
hairy. 2. G. Ger. appendiculatum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 262. t. P. huræfòlium, Sweet, in colv. cat. Petals straw-coloured, of
121. f. 2. Corolla violet.
a brownish-copper colour towards the apex.
.
Appendiculate Stork's-bill. Pl. 2 foot.
Lurid-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. Jul. Dec. Clt. 1811. Pl. 1 ft.
165 P. FILIPENDULIFÒLIUM (Sweet, ger. t. 85.) nearly stem-
less ; leaves hairy, pinnate ; leaflets bipinnate, with ovate-toothed, ***** Fúlgido (from fulgido, to be shining ; brilliancy
acutish segments; umbels many-flowered, rather hairy. 2. G. of flowers) Stem short and rather fleshy. Leaves divided, cut,
P. tríste ß, Sims, bot. mag. 1641. The flowers are the colour and toothed. Petals scarlet or blood-coloured.
of those of P. triste.
Dropwort-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1812. Pl. 1 ft. 173 P. A’RDENS (Sweet, ger. 45.) nearly stemless ; leaves
166 P. HERACLEIFÒLIUM (Sweet, ger. t. 211.) stemless; um- clothed with soft villi, cordate, ovate-oblong, ternate, or 3-5-
bels many-flowered ; lower leaves oblong, entire, and jagged ; lobed ; lobes obtuse, sinuately-toothed ; scape branched; umbels
upper ones pinnatifid and pinnate, clothed with a kind of pow- many-flowered. h. G. Lodd. bot. cab. 139. Ger. árdens,
dery pubescence, with the segments and leaflets oblong, obtuse, Andr.
ger. icon. Petals obovate, fire-coloured. Nectariferous
sinuately lobed, and with unequal, blunt teeth ; nectariferous tube tube very long. Stamens usually 6. Said to be a hybrid be-
3 times longer than the reflexed calyx. 2. G. Root a hard tween P. lobàtum and P. fúlgidum.
woody tuber. Petals of a dull-greenish straw-colour, marked Glowing Stork's-bill. Fl. Mar. Aug. Clt. 1810. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
near the centre with 2 obscure, purplish spots.
174 P. SANGUÍNEUM (Wendl. coll. 2. p. 53. Sweet, ger. t.
Cow-Parsnip-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1820. 76. but not of Willd.) stem fleshy, thick ; leaves pilose, pinnate,
Pl. 1 foot.
with jagged, pinnatifid, decurrent leaflets, and linear-lanceolate
167 P. TRISTE (Ait. hort. kew, 2. p. 418.) nearly stemless; lobes ; umbels many-flowered ; petals obovate, rather oblong.
leaves hairy, pinnate; leaflets pinnatifid, with linear, acute seg- ħ. G. Flowers of an intense purplish-scarlet colour, on long
ments ; umbels many-flowered. 4. G. Delaun. herb. amat. pedicels.
t. 27. Ger. tríste, Corn. can. t. 110. Cav. diss. 4. t. 107. f. 1. Blood-coloured-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Aug. Sh. 1 ft.
Petals obovate-oblong, pale greenish-yellow, spotted with brown, 175 P. FU'LGIDUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 422.) stem shrubby,
fragrant in the evening.
fleshy; leaves ternate ; leaflets sessile, wedge-shaped, deeply
Sad-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1632. Pl. 1 ft. toothed, middle one largest, pinnatifid; umbels many-flowered,
168 P. schizope’TALUM (Sweet, ger. 232.) stem scaly ; leaves usually jointed; pedicels rather refracted after flowering. 4.G.
ternate or trifid, obtuse, waved, hairy; lateral leaflets 2-lobed, Sweet, ger. 69. Ger. fúlgidum, Lin. spec. 945. Cav. diss. 4.
intermediate ones large, hardly lobed, all toothed; umbels many- t. 116. f. 2. Flowers scarlet.
flowered; petals nearly equal, 2-parted, with the segments mul- Shining-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. Mar. Oct. Clt. 1723. Sh.
tifid ; nectariferous tube 3 times longer than the calyx. h.G. 1 to 2 feet.

GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
737
h. G.
* *
* * * * * * Bicolòra. Stem suffruticose. Leaves lobed, hairy. flowered, panicled ; leaves cordate, 5-7-lobed, crenated, smooth
,
above and shining, tomentose and many-nerved beneath ; sti-
Petals marked with a broad purple spot in the middle.
pulas awl-shaped, permanent, spinescent, straight; stem straight,
176 P. BÍCOLOR (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 425.) stem suffruticose; thick, and fleshy. 5. G. Petals of a bright purple-colour,
leaves cordate, trifid, waved, hairy, obtuse, toothed ; lateral with a darker spot in the centre of each, upper ones obcordate,
segments 3-lobed, middle ones 5-lobed; stipulas kidney-shaped, lower ones oblong and narrower.
entire ; umbels crowded, many-flowered; calyx reflexed. h. Armed-stemmed Stork's-bill. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1789.
G. Sims, bot. mag. 201. Sweet, ger. 97. Ger. bícolor, Jacq. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
hort. vind. 3. t. 39. Cav. diss. 4. t. 111. f. 1. Petals cuneate- 184 P. CRASSICAU'LE (Lher.ger. t. 26.) stem fleshy, branched,
oblong, distinct, sometimes pale, sometimes dark-purple. Sweet, smooth ; leaves kidney-shaped, rather acuminate, toothed, silky
ger. 1. c. f. 2. with white margins.
on both surfaces ; umbels many-flowered : bracteas 4-times
Two-coloured-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. July, Aug.
Clt. shorter than the pedicels ; petals hardly emarginate. Þ.G.
1778. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Anthers 5. Petals white (Sweet, ger. 2. t. 192. f. a.) or the 2
177 P. ELE'CTUM (Sweet, ger. 238.) stem much branched; superior ones are spotted with red (Sweet, ger. 2. t. 192. f. b.)
branches slender, flexuous; leaves cordate, profoundly 3-lobed, Thick-stemmed Stork's-bill. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1786. Shrub
smooth, serrately toothed; lobes cuneated, divaricate, spread- 1 to 3 feet.
ing; intermediate one 3-lobed ; stipulas cordate, acute; pedun- 185 P. PRIMU'LINUM (Sweet, ger. no. 14. in a note) stem
cles usually 3-flowered ; nectariferous tube very rough, twice fleshy, branched, smooth ; leaves kidney-shaped, rather acumi-
the length of the calyx. h. G. Ger. grandiflòrum, var. par- nated, toothed, silky on both surfaces ; umbels many-flowered ;
vifoliatum, Andr. ger. icon. Petals white, with 2 red spots at
.
bracteas one-half shorter than the pedicels; petals obcordate.
the apex of each, and with 2 branched lines at the base.
h.G. P. crassicaule, Curt. bot. mag. t. 477. Anthers 7.
Elect Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt.? Shrub 1 to 3 feet. Petals white, each with a blood-coloured spot in the middle.
178 P. IMBRICATUM (Sweet, ger. t. 65.) stem suffruticose; Flowers smelling like the primrose.
leaves cordate, waved, hairy, subtrifid; lobes obtuse, toothed, Primrose-scented Stork's-bill. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. ? Sh. 2 ft.
lateral ones bifid, terminal one lobed; stipulas kidney-shaped, 186 P. CORTUSÆFÒLIUM (Lher. ger. t. 25.) stem thick, fleshy;
toothed ; umbels crowded, many-flowered.
Petals leaves cordate, deeply lobed, waved, obtusely-toothed, pubes-
obovate, imbricate, of the same colour as P. bicolor. Perhaps a cent; umbels many-flowered ; nectariferous tube 4-times longer
hybrid.
than the calyx. h.G. Sweet, ger, t. 14.
h. G. Sweet, ger. t. 14. G. cortusæſòlium,
Imbricate-petalled Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug.
Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800. Andr. bot. rep. 121. Petals obovate, rather obcordate, from
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
white to reddish; 2 superior ones lined at the base, 3 lower
ones rather spotted in the middle.
Cortù sina ( from the shape of the leaves being
Cortusa-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. Ju. Oct. Clt. 1786. Sh. 2 ft.
like those of Cortù sa). Stem suffruticose, fleshy. Leaves ob-
187 P. RENIFÓRME (Curt. bot. mag. t. 493.) stem shrubby,
long, or usually cordate, rather cut. Stipulas lanceolate, spread-
flexuous, rather fleshy; leaves kidney-shaped, crenate-toothed,
ing, acute. Roots tuberously fasciculate. Stamens 7-6, rarely 5.
tomentose; umbels 3-6-flowered ; stipulas permanent, dilated
179 P. PA’LLENS (Sweet, ger. t. 148.) stem suffruticose, at the base; nectariferous tube nearly sessile, 3-times longer
fleshy, decumbent; floriferous branches erect; leaves 3-parted, than the calyx. h. G. Sweet, ger. t. 48. Ger. reniforme,
pilose, lateral segments smallest, lobately toothed, terminal one Andr. bot. rep. 108. Petals purple, rather spotted in the centre,
elongated, deeply toothed; umbels 4-5-flowered ; petals spread- obovate, retuse.
ing, lower ones oblong, upper ones somewhat spatulate; nectari- Kidney-shaped-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. Jan. Dec. Clt. 1791.
ferous tube very long. h. G. Ger. pallens, Andr. ger.
icon. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Petal from white to a cream-colour.
Pale Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1800.
Clt. 1800. Shrub 2 ft.
Pinguifòlia (from pinguis, fat, and folium,
180 P. PULCHE'LLUM (Curt. bot. mag. t. 524. but not of a leaf; leaves fleshy ;) stem shrubby, fleshy, rather climbing ;
Willd.) stem suffruticose, rather pilose ; scape divided ; leaves leaves peltate or cordate, 5-lobed, fleshy. Nectariferous tube
oblong, lobately-pinnatifid; umbels many-flowered ;
length of pedicel. Stipulas broad-ovate.
riferous tube slender, 3-times longer than the calyx. ħ. G.
Sweet, ger. t. 31. Petals obovate, white, 2 upper ones with a 188 P. PINGUIFÒLIUM (Sweet, ger. t. 52.) stem shrubby ;
small roundish spot in the middle, 3 lower ones lined with red. branches fleshy, diffuse, rather angular ; leaves kidney-shaped,
Neat Stork's-bill. Fl. Mar. May. Clt. 1795. Shrub 2 ft. cordate, 5-lobed, rather crenate, fleshy, puberulous; lobes
181 P. PICTUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227.) nearly stemless; obtuse, mutic; umbels many-flowered. h. G. Ger. hederi-
leaves cordate, oblong, rather runcinate, toothed, tomentose ; num fòre álbo, Andr. ger. icon. Petals obovate-oblong, pale
scape branched ; umbels many-flowered ; involucre leafy. ħ. rose-coloured, 2 superior ones spotted with purple. Perhaps a
G. Ger. píctum, Andr. bot. rep. 168. Petals white, with a hybrid from P. peltàtum and P. latéripes.
long red spot in the centre of each.
Fat-leaved Stork's-bill
. Fl. May, Oct. Clt.? Sh. straggling.
Painted-flowered Stork's-bill. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
189 P. LATE'RIPES (Lher. ger. t. 24.) stem shrubby ; branches
182 P. ECHINA'TUM (Curt. bot. mag. t. 309.) stem thick, fleshy, terete ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, rather toothed, fleshy,
-,
fleshy ; leaves ovate, cordate, rather lobed, crenated, villous smooth ; umbels many-flowered. h. u. G. Petals pale-pur-
beneath ; stipulas permanent, spiny; umbels many-flowered; ple, 2 upper ones marked with deeper lines oblongly-ovate.
nectariferous tube slender, twice the length of the calyx. Þ.G. Var. a, viridifolium (Sweet, hort. brit. 83.) leaves green.
Sweet, ger. 154. P. hamatum, Jacq. schoenbr. 2. t. 138. Andr. ger. icon.
Petals oblong, somewhat cuneated, white; 2 superior ones
Var. B, zonātum (Sweet, 1. c.) leaves zonate.
with a red patch in the centre. Anthers 6.
Var.
7
ròseum (Sweet, 1. c.) flowers rose-coloured.
Echinated-stemmed Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1789. Var. d, albomarginàtum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 666.) leaves rather
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
curled, edged with white.
183 P. ARMA'TUM (Sweet, ger. 3. t. 214.) umbels many- Var. ε, Walnèri (D. C. prod. 1. p. 666.) leaves bluntly lobed ;
VOL. I.-PART VIII
5 B
* *
necta-
.
.
.

738
GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
2
umbels few-flowered. An intermediate plant between P. laté- the calyx ; petals obovately emarginate, lower ones rather spa-
ripes and P. peltàtum.
tulate. h. G. Petals white, upper ones marked with a
Side-stalked or Ivy-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. branched, large purple spot, lower ones with 2 faint lines.
1787. Shrub straggling.
Lanceolate-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. July, Aug.
Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1775.
190 P. PELTA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 427.) stem shrubby; Shrub 1 foot.
branches fleshy, angular ; leaves peltate, 5-lobed, quite entire, 196 P. DIVERSIFÒLIUM (Wendl. obs. p. 51.) smooth, glaucous;
fleshy; umbels few-flowered. h. v. G. Ger. peltàtum, Lin. leaves lanceolate, quite entire or trifid, lower ones toothed;
spec. 947. Cav. diss. 4. p. 232. t. 100. f. 1. P. peltàtum,
P. peltàtum, peduncles usually 1-flowered, panicled. Þ.G. Flowers like
Curt. bot. mag. t. 20. Flowers pale-purple.
those of the preceding species. Leaves rather bearded at
Var. B, zonàtum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 666.) leaves zonate. the
apex.
Haw. pl. succ. p. 307.
Diverse-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1794. Sh.
Var. Y, variegatum (Andr. ger. icon.) leaves edged with 1 to 2 feet.
white or yellow.
197 P. TRIFOLIA'TUM (Andr. ger. icon. under Gerànium,)
Peltate-leaved Stork’s-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1701. Sh. cl. plant quite smooth, glaucous ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets quite
191 P. SCUTA'TUM (Sweet, ger. t. 95.) stem shrubby; branches entire, linear, acuminated at both ends, lateral ones shortest;
angular, puberulous, as well as the petioles ; leaves fleshy, pedicels 1-flowered ; stipulas linear-awl-shaped. h. G. P.
rather peltate, 5-lobed, glandularly-crenated, pubescent; umbels lævigàtum, Lher. herb. and ger. ined. no. 91. but not of Willd.
7-8-flowered ; petals spreading ; antheriferous filaments 7, 2 P. oxyphyllum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 667.
of which are very short ; nectariferous tube nearly sessile, 3- Trifoliate Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
times longer than the calyx. h. v. G. Flowers white, 2 198 P. CUSPIDA'TUM (Willd. enum. suppl. 47.) plant quite
superior petals marked each with 2 branched lines of purple. smooth, and glaucescent; leaves ovate, acute, glaucous, rather
Saucer-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1701. Sh. cl.
Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1701. Sh. cl. deeply and remotely serrated; peduncles usually 3-flowered.
Series II. Platypétala (from alatus, platys, broad, and
h. G. Very nearly allied to P. glaúcum, according to Willd.
Flowers pale-red, 2 superior petals with 2 deep-purple branched
Teralov, petalon, a petal). The 2 superior petals are broader
lines at the base.
and shorter than the lower ones, very blunt.
Cuspidate-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3
192 P. OVA'LE (Lher. ger. t. 28. but not of Burm.) stem feet.
suffruticose, twisted, slender, prostrate ; branches, petioles, and 199 P. SORÒRIUM (Willd. enum. suppl. 48.) plant quite smooth
peduncles hispid ; leaves oval, acute, toothed, canescent; um- and glaucous ; leaves deeply 3-parted, with hatchet-shaped seg-
bels usually 5-flowered, on long peduncles ; nectariferous tube ments, deeply serrated; peduncles 3-flowered. h. G. Said
shorter than the calyx. h. G. Petals purplish, oblong-obo-
,
to be a hybrid between P. grandiflòrum and P. glaúcum. Pe-
vate, nearly equal, 2 superior ones broadest, lined with more tals pale-flesh-coloured, 2 upper ones painted with 2 branched,
intense purple. Stamens 7, fertile.
blood-coloured lines.
Oval-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1774. Sh. 2 ft. Sister Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt.? Shrub 1 to 2 ft
.
193 P. E'LEGANS (Willd. spec. 3. p. 655.) stem shrubby, 200 P. LÆVIGA'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 685.) plant quite
erect; leaves elliptic-roundish, sharply serrated, obtuse, stiff, smooth and glaucous ; leaves trifid or ternate ; segments trifid;
smooth; umbels usually 5-flowered; petals all obovate ; necta- wedge-shaped, with linear lanceolate lobes ; peduncles usually
riferous tube shorter than the calyx. ħ. G. Ger. élegans, 2-flowered.
h. G.
Ger. lævigatum, Lin. fil. suppl. 306.
Andr. bot. rep. t. 28. P. élegans, Sweet, ger. t. 36. Petals Cav. diss. 4. t. 121. f. 1. Flowers white, with red lines.
white, 2 superior ones marked at the base with intense branched Var. compositum (Lher. ger, ined. no. 92.) leaves ternate,
lines. Stamens 7, fertile, with puberulous filaments.
lateral segments undivided, middle ones 3-parted and somewhat
Var. a, màjor (Sweet, ger. 36. f. a.).
pinnatifid; upper leaves trifid ; nectariferous tube very long.
Var. B, minor (Sweet, ger. t. 36. f. 6.).
Smooth-trifid-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug.
Clt. ?
Elegant Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1795. Sh. 1-2 ft. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
201 P. GRANDIFLÒRUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 674.) plant smooth
Series III. Anisopétala (from avioos, anisos, unequal, and and glaucous; leaves 5-lobed, palmatifid, cordate at the base ;
metalov, petalon, a petal). The 2 upper petals are longer and
The 2 upper petals are longer and lobes toothed towards the apex; peduncles 3-flowered; necta-
broader than the lower ones. Stems shrubby.
riferous tube 4-times longer than the calyx; petals 4-times
longer than the calyx. h. G. Sweet ger. 29. Ger. grandi-
§ 1. Glaucescéntia. Leaves smooth or smoothish, and more or
flòrum, Andr. bot. rep. t. 12. but not of Lin. Calyx and pe-
less glaucous.
duncles rather pilose. Petals white, 2 superior ones cuneately-
* Petals white, the 2 superior ones usually spotted or lined
obovate, striped with blood-colour at the base.
with red.
Var. ß; flowers rose-coloured. This variety sometimes occurs
in the gardens under the name of P. nóbilis.
194 P. GLAU'CUM (Lher. ger. t. 29.) plant quite smooth and Great-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1794. Shrub
glaucous; leaves lanceolate, entire, acuminated; peduncles 1-2- 1 to 3 feet.
flowered ; nectariferous tube 5-times longer than the calyx. 202 P. VARIEGA'TUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 674.) plants smooth
ş. G. Sweet, ger. t. 57. Ger. glaucum, Andr. ger. icon. . and glaucous ; leaves 3-5-lobed, palmate-parted, with trifid
Ger. lanceolatum, Cav. diss. 4. t. 102. f. 2. Curt. bot. mag. toothed segments; stipulas ovate, cordate, acute ; peduncles
t. 56. but not of Andr. Petals white, 2 superior ones roundish, usually 2-flowered; nectariferous tube 5-times longer than the
-
with blood-coloured bases.
calyx ; petals 3-times longer than the calyx. . G. Ger.
Glaucous Stork's-bill. Fl. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1775. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. variegatum, Lin. fil. suppl. 305.
variegatum, Lin. fil. suppl. 305. Cav. diss. 4. p. 251. t. 118.
195 P. LANCEOLA'TUM (Andr. ger. icon. under Gerànium,) f. 3. The 2 superior petals are marked with branched, blood-
smooth, branched, spreading, purplish ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, coloured lines, the rest whitish.
or lanceolate, acuminated, green, quite entire; peduncles 1- Variegated-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1812.
flowered, axillary; nectariferous tube about 3-times longer than Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
•
h.
1

GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
739
.
-
203 P. ALBIFLÒRUM (Spin. cat. 1818. p. 30.) plants smooth tariferous tube nearly equal in length to the calyx. h. G.
and glaucous ; leaves 3-lobed; lobes obovate, acutely toothed Petals of a purple rose-colour, 2 upper ones lined.
at the apex; petioles, pedicels, and calyxes puberulous; pe- Ghilini's Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
duncles 2-flowered; nectariferous tube as well as the upper
petals about 3-times longer than the calyx. h. G. P. pà- § 2. Lineàta. Flowers white or very pale rose-coloured. Two
tulum, Spin. cat. Petals white, 2 upper ones striated, with upper petals marked with intense red lines. Leaves ovate, un-
blood-coloured lines. Perhaps a hybrid.
divided.
White-flowered Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
211 P. BETU'LINUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 429.) leaves ovate,
204 P. CóLLÆ (Spin. cat. hort. 1818. p. 31.) plant glaucous unequally serrated, smoothish; stipulas ovate-lanceolate ; pe-
and puberulous ; leaves cuneated at the base, trifid ; lobes duncles 2-4-flowered; nectariferous tube shorter than the calyx.
acutely toothed; peduncles 4-5-flowered, and are, as well as
h. G. Ger. betulinum, Lin. spec. 964.-Burm. afr. t. 33.
the branches, hispid ; nectariferous tube one-half shorter than f. 1. and 2. Curt. bot. mag. 148.
Petals white or rose-co-
the calyx ; petals twice the length of the calyx. h. G. Petals
loured, striped with blood-coloured veins.
white, 2 superior ones marked with branched, blood-coloured
Birch-leaved Stork's bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1759. Shrub
lines. Perhaps a hybrid.
1 to 4 feet.
Colla's Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. ? Sh. 1 to 3 feet. 212 P. FORMOSÍSSIMUM (Pers. ench. 2. p. 231. Sweet, ger.
205 P. BELLA'RDII (Spin. cat. hort. 1818. p. 30.) plant glau- 215.) umbels of several flowers ; leaves ovate, acute, concave,
cous and hispid ; leaves palmately 5-7-cleft; lobes acutely stiff, rather lobed, unequally and cartilaginously toothed, trun-
toothed; peduncles 4-10-flowered ; nectariferous tube one-half
cate, many-nerved ; bracteas ovate, rather shorter than the
shorter than the calyx; petals narrow, about twice the length of pedicels ; nectariferous tube 3-times shorter than the calyx.
the calyx. h. G. Petals white, spotless.
h. G. P. formòsum, Desf. arbr. 2. p. 459. P. speciosum,
Bellardi's Stork's-bill. Fl. June, May. Clt.? Sh. 1 to 2 ft. Andr.
ger. icon. Petals all white, 2 upper ones sometimes fur-
nished with 2 branched lines at the base of each.
** Petals rose-coloured or violet, the 2 upper ones usually Very-shewy Stork's-bill. Fl. My. Oct. Clt. 1800. Sh. 1 to 3 ft.
striped.
§ 3. Tomentosa. Petals white, narrow. Leaves cordate, to-
206 P. PA'TULUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 541. coll. 4. p. 187.)
mentose. Stipulas spreading.
plant smooth and glaucous; leaves on very long petioles, cor-
213 P. TOMENTÒSUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 537.) stem shrubby,
dately kidney-shaped, 3-5-cleft, toothed ; peduncles 2-flowered ;
nectariferous tube 3-times longer than the calyx ; petals lan-
fleshy ; branches, leaves, and peduncles hairy-tomentose; leaves
ceolate-wedge-shaped, 2 upper ones rather emarginate. Þ.G.
cordate, hastately 5-lobed, very soft; umbels many-flowered.
Stamens 6, fertile. Petals rose-coloured, 2 upper ones marked
panicled; nectariferous tube 3-times shorter than the calyx.
with a blood-coloured circle.
h. G. Sweet, ger. 168. Petals white, coloured with short
a
blood-coloured lines. Leaves smelling strong of peppermint.
Spreading Stork's-bill. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub
Var. B, bicolòrum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 671.) 2 superior petals
1 to 3 feet.
207 P. SANICULÆFÒLIUM (Willd. spec. 6. p. 673.) plant smooth
lilac, and marked with a branched spot, lower ones white, with
and glaucous ; leaves on long stalks, roundish, cordate, 5-cleft,
a purple stripe in the middle.
toothed, zonate above ; peduncles 4-5-flowered; nectariferous
Tomentose Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub
;
1 to 3 feet.
tube length of calyx; petals twice the length of the calyx.
h. G. P. cortusæfòlium, Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 539.
Ger.
214 P. RIBIFOʻLIUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 538. coll. 5. p.
tabulàre, Burm. ger. t. 1. Cav. diss. 4. t. 100. f. 2. Ger.
141.) stem shrubby, fleshy; branches and peduncles pilosely-
hederæfòlium, Dum. Cours. bot. cult. 4. no. 62. P. Hippocrè-
hispid; leaves cordate, hastately 5-lobed, scabrous; umbels
pis, Lher.
ger. ined. no. 94. 2
The 2 upper petals obovate, large, many-flowered ; nectariferous tube length of calyx.' ħ. G.
violet, striped with purple. The 3 lower ones pale rose-co-
Petals and filaments white. Anthers
Anthers orange-coloured.
loured, nearly linear.
Currant-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1798.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Sanicle-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1806. Shrub
1 to 3 feet.
215 P. ODORÍFERUM (Andr. ger. icon. under Gerànium,) very
208 P. HEPATICIFOLIUM (Spreng. nov. prov. p. 31.) plant hairy and rough; leaves cordate, lobed unequally, and acutely
smooth and glaucescent; leaves deeply 3-lobed, concave, zonate
toothed; umbels 2-3-flowered ; nectariferous tube rather longer
above, rough beneath ; lobes wedge-shaped, deeply-toothed ;
than the calyx; petals obcordate. h. G. Plant sweet-scented.
peduncles usually 2-flowered. h. G. Petals pale rose-co-
Petals white, upper ones with red branched veins.
loured, 2 superior ones 3-lobed, 3 lower ones linear and whitish.
Odoriferous Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Hepatica-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1791.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
$ 4. Papilionàcea. Leaves cordate, flat, toothed, rarely lobed.
209 P. FUSCA'TUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 340. coll
. 4. p. 186.)
Lower petals linear, upper ones purplish, streaked with darker
lines.
plant glabrous and rather glaucous ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed,
toothed, glaucous beneath, younger ones zonate on the upper 216 P. PAPILIONA CEUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 423.) branches,
surface; uppermost ones somewhat 3-5-parted; peduncles 4- leaves, and peduncles rather pilose ; leaves cordate, roundish,
flowered; nectariferous tube length of calyx. h. G.
Two angularly-toothed; umbels panicled, many-flowered; lower
superior petals obovate, broad, of an intense rose-colour, striped petals awl-shaped, linear, shorter than the calyx. Þ.G. Ger.
with purple, the 3 lower ones linear and pale rose-coloured. papilionàceum, Lin. spec. 945. Cav. diss. 4. t. 112. f. 1.-Dill.
Clouded-petalled Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1812. hort. elth. 128. f. 155. P. papilionàceum, Sweet, ger. t. 27.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Superior petals purplish, white at the base, and brownish in the
210 P. GHILĪNI (Spin. cat. 1818. p. 31.) plant rather glau- middle ; lower petals whitish.
cous and smooth; leaves somewhat wedge-shaped, 3-5-cleft ; Butterfly Stork's-bill. Fl. April,
Fl. April, July. Clt. 1724. Shrub
lobes ovate, acutely serrated, stiff; peduncles 4-flowered ; nec- 1 to 3 feet.
a
5 B 2

740
GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
a
217 P. STAPHYSAGROIDES (Sweet, ger. new series, t. 98.) stems 224 P. MACULA'TUM (Andr. ger. icon. under Gerdnium,) leaves
erect, shrubby, rather branched; the whole plant villously cuneated at the base, obsoletely 5-lobed, unequally-toothed,
pilose ; leaves cordate, very soft, deeply 3-5-lobed, acute ; lobes hairy; umbels several-flowered ; nectariferous tube about the
divaricate, unequally and sinuately-toothed; upper ones 3-lobed, length of the calyx ; petals nearly equal. Þ.G. Petals blush,
-
with the lobes nearly entire ; umbels many-flowered ; petals cut 2 upper ones with a dark-purple centre.
at the apex; style pilose. Þ.G. Upper petals purple, with a Spotted-petalled Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1796.
darker patch near the apex, lower ones darkish-lilac.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Staves-acre-like Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. 225 P. ANGULÒSUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 426.) leaves trun-
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
cate at the base, rather cucullate, roundish, obtusely 5-lobed,
218 P. CORDA TUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 427.) leaves cordate, toothed, pubescent; stipulas cordate, ovate, acuminated; branches
acute, toothed, flat, hoary-pubescent beneath ; branches and and peduncles hispid ; umbels numerous, 4-6-flowered ; nectari-
peduncies rather pilose ; umbels many-flowered, panicled ; lower ferous tube one-half shorter than the calyx. ħ. G. Ger.
h
petals awl-shaped, linear, acute, longer than the calyx ; nectari- acerifolium, Cav. diss. 4. t. 112. f. 2. but not of Lher.-Dill.
ferous tube a little shorter than the calyx. h. G. Ger. cordi- hort. elth. t. 129. f. 156. Flowers pale-purplish.
folium, Cav. diss. 4. t. 117. f. 3. P. cordatum, Lher. ger. t.
.
Angular-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1724.
22. .
P. cordifolium, Curt. bot. mag. t. 165. Two lower petals Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
.
pale-purple, with deeper branched lines, red at the claws, 3 up- 226 P. RUGÓSUM (Andr. ger. icon. under Gerànium,) leaves
per ones whitish.
cordate, 5-7-lobed, plicately-wrinkled, very hairy, of a brownish-
Cordate-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1774. colour, unequally-toothed; umbels 4-flowered ; nectariferous
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
tube shorter than the calyx; upper petals emarginate, lower ones
ovate. h. G. Petals dirty-red, upper ones with 3 branched
§ 5. Purpurascéntia. Leaves cordate or cuneated, toothed,
lines, and a spot at the end of these branched lines ; lower petals
undivided or lobed ; lobes obtuse, never divided so far as the
with 3 simple lines.
middle. Flowers purplish ; lower petals oblong or obovate.
Wrinkled-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug.
Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1800.
219 P. CUCULLA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 426.) leaves kid- Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
ney-shaped, cucullate, toothed, pubescent ; branches and pedun- 227 P. ERUBE'SCENS (Spin. cat. 1809. p. 27.) leaves on long
cles rather hispid; umbels 5-flowered ; lower petals oblong; footstalks, rather villous, lobed, denticulated, rounded at the
nectariferous tube shorter than the calyx. Þ.G.
Seb. mus.
base, with the margins and nerves red; branches villous; um-
1. t. 26. f. 2. Ger. cucullatum, Lin. spec. 946.
.
Cav. diss. 4. bels 4-5-flowered. ñ. G.
h. G. Flowers like those of P. aceri-
p. 241. t. 106. f. 1. Flowers purplish-red, with darker veins. fòlium. Perhaps a hybrid.
Var. B, striatiflòrum (Sweet, hort. brit. 79.) petals striped. Reddish-leaved Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
This variety is called Prince Regent in the gardens.
228 P. BARRINGTO'NII (Willd. enum. 706.) leaves kidney-
Var. y, màjor (Sweet, l. c.) This is a fine variety. It is shaped, obtuse, cucullate, denticulated, pilose on both surfaces;
called Royal George in the gardens.
umbels many-flowered. h. G. P. Tormánni, Dietr. beschr.
Var. d, grandiflorum (Sweet, 1. c.) A fine large-flowered gaertn. 3. Aug. 235. Flowers of a deep violet-colour.
variety.
Barrington's Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Oct. Shrub 1 to 3 ft.
Hooded-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Nov. Clt. 1690. Shrub 229 P. RIGIDUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 681.) leaves roundish,
2 to 4 feet.
truncate at the base, 3-lobed, obtuse, flat, rather scabrous, with
220 P. COCHLEA'TUM (Willd. enum. suppl. 48.) leaves orbicu- curled denticulated margins; umbels many-flowered. h. G.
larly-ovate, rather cordate, concave, somewhat angular, serrated, Shrub stiff. Petals whitish, oblong, 2 superior ones coloured
pubescent; umbels 5-flowered; nectariferous tube length of with 2 violet lines at the base.
calyx. h.G.
h. G. P. concavifòlium, Hortul. Flowers purplish. Stiff-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub
Shell-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Nov. Shrub 2 to 3 ft. 1 to 3 feet.
221 P. CARDIIFOLIUM (Sweet, ger. t. 15.) leaves cuneate, cu- 230 P. DECO'RUM (Sweet, ger. new series. t. 15.) leaves sub-
cullate and plaited, somewhat 5-lobed, cartilaginously-toothed, cordate, rather trifid, stiff, sharply-serrated, glandularly-pilose
many-nerved, pubescent ; branches puberulous; umbels many- both beneath and on the margins, reflexed at the apex,
with
flowered; nectariferous tube twice the length of the calyx. h. acutely-lobed segments ; stipulas ovate-lanceolate, acuminated,
G. Flowers pale-purple. The 2 superior petals are hardly subcordate; umbels 2-3-flowered; petals obcordate ; nectari-
larger than the rest, marked with a dark-purple spot in the ferous tube about equal in length to the calyx. Þ.G. Petals
middle of each, and rather lined.
pale-lilac, with a bright dark-purple patch in the centre, below
Cockle-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Sept. Clt. 1816. Shrub which are some lines.
2 to 3 feet.
Shewy Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. Shrub 1 to
222 P. BROADLE'YE (Andr. ger. icon. under Gerànium,) pilose; 3 feet.
lower leaves 5-lobed, upper ones 3-lobed; umbels many- 231 P. SEMITRI'LOBUM (Jacq. schoenbr. t. 130.) leaves trun-
flowered; nectariferous tube longer than the calyx ; lower petals cate at the base, and somewhat cuneated, trifid, flat, hairy ; lobes
lanceolately-spatulate. Þ.G. Petals purple, upper ones with divaricate, serrated at the apex; peduncles usually 2-flowered ;
a dark centre.
lower petals linear. h. G. Petals pale flesh-coloured, 2 su-
Broadley's Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug.
Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
3
perior ones striped with blood-colour at the base.
223 P. ACERIFOLIUM (Lher. ger. t. 21. but not of Cav.) leaves Half-three-lobed-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt.
cuneated at the base and entire, palmately 5-lobed at the apex,
,
1800. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
toothed, many-nerved, rather villous ; branches and peduncles 232 P. VITIFÒLIUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 425.) leaves cordate,
hairy; umbels usually 5-flowered ; stipulas cordate, ovate; nec- 3-lobed, rather scabrous, obtuse, toothed ; stipulas broad-cor-
tariferous tube a little shorter than the calyx. h. G. Ger. date ; stem erect; umbels many-flowered ; nectariferous tube 3
citriodòrum, Cav. icon. 1. p. 6. t. 8. Flowers pale-purplish. times shorter than the calyx. ħ. G. Ger. vitifolium, Lin.
Maple-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, July. Člt. 1784. Shrub spec. 947. Cav. diss. 4. t. 111. f. 2. Petals rose-coloured, 2
2 to 3 feet.
superior ones striped with dark-purple.

GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
741
ones lined.
Vine-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1724. Shrub
Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1724. Shrub elongated; superior petals emarginate. ħ. G. Perhaps only
1 to 3 feet.
a variety of P. crispum.
233 P. CAPITA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 425.) leaves cor- One-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 ft.
date, lobed, waved, villous, toothed ; stipulas broad-cordate; 242 P. EXSTIPULA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 431.) leaves
stems diffuse ; umbels many-flowered, capitate; nectariferous truncately-cordate, 3-lobed, toothed, hoary-velvety ; stipulas
tube 3-times shorter than the calyx. Þ.G.
h. G. Ger. capitàtum, almost wanting ; peduncles 3-4-flowered ; nectariferous tube 3
Lin. spec. 947. Cav. diss. 4. p. 105. f. 1. Ger. ròsa, Hortul. times longer than the calyx. Þ.G. Ger. exstipulatum, Cav.
Leaves smelling like the rose. Petals pale-purple, 2 superior diss. 4. t. 123. f. 1. Ger. suaveolens, Andr. ger. icon.-Lher.
ger. t. 35. Petals pale-violet, upper ones lined.
Capitate-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1690. Exstipulate-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Clt. 1779.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
234 P. RU’BIDUM (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 87.) lower leaves cor- 243 P. TERNA'TUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 544.) leaves ternate,
date, and shortly 5-lobed, hairy; upper ones 3-lobed, rather cucullate, scabrous; lobes wedge-shaped, deeply-serrated at the
cuneated at the base; umbels 4-flowered; nectariferous tube apex, middle one trifid; peduncles 1-2-flowered; nectariferous
rather shorter than the calyx. ħ. G. Petals reddish-purple,
h
tube a little longer than the calyx. h.G. Sweet, ger. 165.
upper ones streaked at the base. P. rubens, Andr. ger. icon. Curt. bot. mag. 428. Ger. ternàtum, Lin. suppl. 306. Cav. diss.
Reddish-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub 1 to 2.ft. 6. t. 107. f. 2. Plant rather glaucous. Petals rose-coloured, 2
235 P. RUBENS (Willd. enum, suppl. 48.) leaves rather cor- superior ones marked with blood-coloured lines.
date, acute, 5-lobed, serrated; umbels 5-flowered, subcapitate; Ternate-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1789.
pedicels hardly longer than the involucre ; nectariferous tube Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
4 times shorter than the calyx. h. G. Petals pale-violet, 3
lower ones bifid, marked with a simple blood-coloured line, 2
$ 7. Rádula. Leaves parted beyond the middle : with the lobes
either cut, toothed, or pinnatifid.
upper ones marked with 4 branched lines.
Red-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Oct. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. 244 P. QUERCIFO'LIUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 420. Lher, ger.
.
.
t. 14.) leaves cordate, pinnatifid, with roundish recesses; lobes
$ 6. Críspa. Leaves lobed ; lobes acutely-toothed at the apex.
obtuse, crenated ; branches and petioles hispid ; umbels many-
236 P. TRICUSPIDA'TUM (Lher. ger. t. 30.) leaves cuneated at flowered ; nectariferous tube rather longer than the calyx. ”.
the base, trifid ; middle lobe stretched out, serrated, with the rib G. Ger. quercifolium, Lin. suppl. 306. Cav. diss. 4. t. 119.
muricated beneath; peduncles 2-flowered; nectariferous tube f. 1. Ger. terebinthinaceum, Murr. comm. goett. 1785. t. 4.
length of calyx. ħ. G. Petals white, 2 superior ones spotted Petals purplish rose-coloured; the upper ones lined. Leaves
with purple. Perhaps a hybrid.
with a heavy scent.
Tricuspidate-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April,
Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1780. Var. f, bipinnatifidum (Lher. ger. t. 15.) leaves twice pinna-
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
tifid.
237 P. SCA'BRUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 430.) leaves cuneated Oak-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub
at the base, trifid, scabrous; lobes lanceolate, loosely-serrated ; 2 to 4 feet.
peduncles 1-4-flowered; nectariferous tube shorter than the 245 P. GRAVE'OLENS (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 423.) leaves pal-
calyx. h. G. Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 542. Lher. ger. t. 31. mately 7-lobed ; lobes oblong, obtuse, toothed, with revolute
Ger. scàbrum, Lin. spec. 946. Cav. diss. 4. t. 108. f. 1. Petals margins ; umbels many-flowered, rather capitate; nectariferous
rose-coloured, 2 upper ones lined. Lateral lobes of leaves bifid. tube shorter than the calyx. Þ.G. Lher. ger. t. 17. Ger.
Scabrous Stork's-bill. Fl. April, Oct. Clt. 1775. Shrub 1 terebinthinaceum, Cav. diss. 4. p. 250. t. 114. f. 1.
to 3 feet.
Var. , variegatum (Sweet, hort. brit. 82.) leaves striped.
238 P. HERMANNIFO'LIUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. p. 545.) leaves Ger. capitàtum var. Andr. ger. icon. Petals pale-purple.
wedge-shaped, distich, scabrous, plicate, truncate at the apex, Strong-scented or Odour of Rose Stork's-bill. Fl. April,
deeply-toothed ; peduncles 2-flowered, short; nectariferous tube Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
a little longer than the calyx. h. G. Ger. hermannifòlium, 246 P. GLUTINO'sum (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 426.) leaves cor-
Lin. mant. 569. Berg, cap. 177. Petals white, hardly flesh- date, hastately 5-angled, toothed, clammy, smoothish; umbels
coloured, 2 superior ones lined at the base with 2 purple stripes. 2-4-flowered; nectariferous tube a little longer than the calyx.
Hermannia-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. April, June. Shrub 1 h. G. Lher. ger. t. 20. Curt. bot. mag. 143. Jacq. icon.
to 3 feet.
rar. t. 131. Ger. glutinosum, Cav. diss. 4. t. 108. f. 1. Ger.
239 P. CITRIODO'Rum (Andr. ger. icon. under Gerànium,) cratægifòlium, Roth, abh. t. 9. but not of Thunb.
Petals pale
much branched, very slender ; leaves small, cordate, lower ones rose-colour or white, with purple lines, superior ones marked
5-lobed, upper ones 3-lobed, with stiffer hairs on the margins with long spots. There is a variety with the leaves marked with
and nerves ; flowers solitary, terminal ; nectariferous tube about black in the middle.
the length of the calyx ; upper petals obcordate. . G. Petals Clammy Stork's-bill. Fl. May, July.
Fl. May, July. Clt. 1777. Shrub 1
white, 2 upper ones marked with red at the base.
to 3 feet.
Citron-scented Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
. 247 P. viscosi'ssIMUM (Sweet, ger. t. 118.) leaves palmately
240 P. CRISPUM (Ait, hort. kew. 2. p. 430.) leaves distich, 5-7-lobed, and are, as well as the stem, clammy; segments flat,
roundish, fleshy, rather cuneated at the base, trifid, wavedly- sinuated or toothed, recurved at the top; umbels capitate,
plicate, scabrous, toothed; peduncles usually 2-flowered ; necta- many-flowered; petals oblong, obtuse ; calyxes very blunt; nec-
;
riferous tube length of calyx. Þ.G. Lher. ger. t. 33.
Ger. tariferous tube a little longer than the calyx. h. G. Petals
críspum, Lin. mant. 257. Cav. diss. 4. t. 109. f. 2. Leaves white and flesh-coloured, 2 upper ones lined with red.
with the scent of balm. Petals purplish, 2 superior ones lined. Very-viscid Stork's-bill. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
Curled-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
2 to 3 feet.
248 P. HI'SPIDUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 677.) leaves palmatifid,
241 P. UNIFLORUM (Spreng. nov. prov. p. 32.) leaves 3-lobed, tomentose, hispid ; lobes acuminated, deeply-toothed ; umbels
toothed, rather glaucous, shining above ; peduncles 1-flowered, panicled, many-flowered; nectariferous tube one-half shorter
.
•

742
GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
o
than the calyx. . G. Ger. hispidum, Lin. suppl. 303. Cav. toothed ; scapes 2-3, longer than the leaves ; umbels 4-5-flower-
diss. 4. t. 110. f. 1. Flowers small.
ed. 2. G. Ger. arenàrium, Burm. ger. no. 65.—Cav. diss. 4.
Hispid Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1790. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. t. 259.
Flowers reddish-purple.
249 P. RA'DULA (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 423.) leaves palmately- Sand Stork's-bill. Pl. 4 foot.
parted, scabrous ; lobes narrow, pinnatifid, with revolute mar- 259 P. TRI’LOBUM (Thunb. l. c. p. 519. under Gerànium,)
gins; segments linear ; umbels few-flowered; nectariferous stemless ; leaves pinnate, with 5 ovate, ciliated leaflets ; umbels
tube 3 times shorter than the calyx. ħ. G. Lher. ger. t. 16. proliferous. 2. G.
2. G. Petals obovate, blood-coloured.
Ger. Rádula, Cav. diss. 4. t. 101. f.1. Ger. revolutum, Jacq. Three-lobed-leaved Stork's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
icon. rar. t. 133. Petals pale-red, lined with darker veins. 260 P. PLICA'TUM (Thunb. I. c. p. 526. under Gerànium,)
Var. B, roseum (Willd. spec. 3. p. 679.) segments of leaves stemless; leaves tomentose, pinnate, with plicate leaflets; scape
linear-lanceolate. Leaves smelling like the rose. A hybrid be- umbelliferous. 2. G. Petals pale flesh-coloured, larger ones
tween P. Rádula and P. graveolens.
marked with purple.
Rasp-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1774. Shrub Plicate-leaved Stork's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
2 to 4 feet.
261 P. ACAU’LE (Thunb. l. c. p. 526. under Gerànium,) stem-
250 P. BALSA'MEUM (Jacq. icon. rar. 3. t. 543.) leaves pal- less ; leaves somewhat bipinnatifid, hairy; scape umbelliferous.
mate-parted, rather scabrous, cuneated at the base; lobes lan- 4.G. Petals white.
ceolate, remotely toothed; umbels few-flowered ; nectariferous Stemless Stork's-bill. Pl. } foot.
{
tube very short. h. G. Petals flesh-coloured, oblong, 2 su- 262 P. TOMENTE'LLUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 680.) stem very
perior ones rather spotted at the base.
short, shrubby ; leaves bipinnate, tomentose; umbels somewhat
Balsam-scented Stork's-bill. Fl. May,
Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1790.
Clt. 1790. 3-flowered. 2. G. Ger. tomentosum, Thunb. f. cap. 2. p.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
527.
251 P. A'SPERUM (Willd. spec. 3. p. 678.) leaves rather pal- Tomentose Stork's-bill. Shrub è foot.
mately-lobed, scabrous; lobes 5-7, oblong, obtuse, with curled 263 P. VILLI'FERUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 680.) stem very short;
denticulated margins; umbels usually 5-flowered, capitate ; nec- leaves tripinnatifid, villous; umbels many-flowered. 4. G.
tariferous tube shorter than the calyx. h. G. Ger. Rádula, Ger. villosum, Thunb. l. c. p. 528. Like P. hirtum.
Roth. abh. p. 51. t. 10. Bracteas of involucre large, ovate, Villi-bearing Stork's-bill. Pl. foot.
acute. Petals flesh-coloured, 2 upper ones lined with red.
* * Herbaceous plants.
Rough-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1795. Shrub
1 to 3 feet.
264 P. APHANOI'DES (Thunb. 1. c. p. 514.) leaves 5-parted,
252 P. DENTICULA'TUM (Jacq. schoenb. 2. t. 135.) leaves pal- tomentose; lobes cut; peduncles elongated; umbels 4-5-
mate-parted, clammy, smooth ; lobes linear, pinnatifid, repand- flowered. 4. G. Allied to P. alchimilloìdes.
ly-toothed, flattish; umbels few-flowered; nectariferous tube Aphanes-like Stork's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
very short; superior petals bifidly-emarginate. h.G. Petals 265 P. DONDIÆFO'LIUM (Link. enum. 1. p. 187.) stem and
oblong-cuneated, flesh-coloured, two superior ones spotted with petioles hairy; leaves 5-lobed, acutely-crenated in front; pedicels
red.
very long ; bracteas linear. 2. G. Lower leaves lobed, upper
Toothletted-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1789. ones parted. Allied to P. tabulàre.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Dondia-leaved Stork's-bill. Pl. foot.
266 P. EUPHRA'SEUM (Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 634.) leaves
† Species of Pelargonium not sufficiently known.
cordate, trifid, cut, crenated; petioles very long ; peduncles few-
flowered. 2. G.
Acaúlia. Stemless plants referable to Sections Hoárea and
Euphrasia-like Stork's-bill. Pl. foot.
Dimàcria.
267 P. ACUMINA'TUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 526.) stem herbaceous,
253 P. ANGUSTIFOLIUM (Thunb. fl. cap. ed. Schult. 2. p. trigonal ; leaves deeply-pinnatifid, smooth; peduncles 2-flowered.
514. under Gerànium,) stemless; leaves elliptic, entire, smooth,
Petals white or flesh-coloured, larger ones spotted with
marginated ; scape hairy, umbelliferous. 2. G. Petals linearly- purple.
obovate. Like P. longifolium.
Acuminated-leaved Stork's-bill. Pl. į foot.
Narrow-leaved Stork's-bill. Pl. { foot.
268 P. FLEXUO'SUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 526.) stem suffrutescent,
254 P. ENSA'TUM (Thunb. I. c. under Gerànium,) stemless; erect ; leaves trifid, tomentose ; umbels somewhat trifid. h.G.
leaves ensiformly-obovate, hairy; umbel compound. 2. G. Petals white, larger ones spotted with purple.
Petals white, obovately-lanceolate.
Flexuous-stemmed Stork's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
Sword-leaved Stork's-bill. Pl. { foot.
255 P. SETIFERUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 680.) stemless; leaves
*** Shrubs with fleshy stems.
roundish, doubly serrated, pubescent beneath; umbel 2-flowered. 269 P. TE'CTUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 525.) stem shrubby, fleshy ;
2. G. Ger. setòsum, Thunb. 1. c. 517.
leaves deeply triternate, woolly; umbels many-flowered. H.G.
Bristle-bearing Stork's-bill. Pl. I foot.
Petals deep-purple.
256 P. SIDOI'DES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 680.) stemless; leaves Covered Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 foot.
cordate, orbicular, tomentose; scape bifid, umbelliferous. 24. 270 P. PINGUE (Thunb. 1. c. p. 527.) stem shrubby, fleshy;
G. Ger. sidafòlium, Thunb. 1. c. 518. Petals blackish-purple. leaves pinnatifid, hairy; umbels many-flowered. h. G. Petals
c
Sida-like Stork's-bill. Pl. foot.
white.
257 P. HETEROʻLOBUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 680.) stemless;
Fat Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 foot.
leaves trifid and pinnate, beset with bristles beneath ; scape
bifid, furrowed ; umbels many-flowered. 2. G. Ger. hetero-
Shrubby species.
phyllum, Thunb. 1. c. p. 515. Petals obovate, white.
271 P. ERYTHRÆ'UM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 681.) leaves oblong,
Various-lobed-leaved Stork's-bill. Pl. 1 foot.
serrated, tomentose; stem frutescent; peduncles alternate, usually
258 P. ARENA'RIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 680.) stemless; root 1-flowered. h. G. Ger. rubens, Thunb. l. c. p. 515.
long, perpendicular ; leaves pinnatifid ; lobes oblong, deeply- Red-flowered Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
2. G.
.

GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
743
a
.
.
.
272 P. ELLIPTICUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 525.) stem shrubby; 285 P. PUBE'scens (Spin. cat. 1818. p. 32.) leaves 3-lobed,
leaves elliptic, hoary ; umbels usually 3-flowered. h.G. Petals deeply toothed, pilose, with ciliated margins ; branches, petioles,
blood-coloured.
peduncles, and calyxes pilosely-pubescent; peduncles usually
Elliptic-leaved Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
5-flowered. h. G. Leaves smelling like the citron. Petals
273 P. SERRATUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 517.) caulescent, flexuous; flesh-coloured, upper ones roundish, painted with purple, branched
leaves roundish, serrated, with scabrous veins ; peduncles usually lines, lower ones linear.
1-flowered. h. G. Petals obovate, blood-coloured.
Pubescent Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Serrated-leaved Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 foot.
286 P. CUNEA'TUM (Spin. cat. 1818. p. 32.) leaves rather
274 P. LANA'TUM (Thunb. 1. c. p. 518.) stem shrubby, hairy; villous, cuneated, 3-lobed, serrated; umbels few-flowered ; pe-
leaves cordate, ovate, serrated, clothed with woolly tomentum tals about equal in length to the calycine lobes. h. G. Petals
beneath. Þ.G. Petals obovate, flesh-coloured, with a purple purple, upper ones roundish, lined with dark-purple, lower ones
patch in the centre of each.
linear, obtuse.
Woolly Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Wedge-leaved Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
275 P. SIDÆFO'LIUM (Willd. enum. 706.) leaves roundish- 287 P.WILLDENÓW II (Link. enum. 2. p. 190. but not of Dietr.)
cordate, rather angular, mucronately-toothed; umbels usually leaves roundish, cuneated, 3-lobed, undulately-toothed; branches,
4-flowered. ħ. G. Flowers pale-violet. Allied to P. speciòsum. petioles, and peduncles villous ; umbels 3-4-flowered ; nectari-
1
Sida-leaved Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
ferous tube longer than the calyx. h. G. P. pulchéllum,
276 P. TO'TTUM (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 523.) stem shrubby, Willd. suppl. 47. but not of Ait. Petals white, 3 lower ones
villous ; leaves 5-parted, scabrous; lobes lacerately-toothed; oblong, 2 upper ones painted with a blood-coloured spot and
umbels usually 4-flowered. h. G. Petals flesh-coloured, lined with red.
larger ones spotted with purple.
Willdenon's Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Hottentot Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
288 P. UNICOLÒRUM (Willd. enum. suppl. 48.) leaves roundish,
277 P. SPU'RIUM (Willd. enum. 709.) leaves kidney-shaped, cuneated, 3-lobed, acutely and undulately-toothed; branches,
rather distich, 3-lobed, obtuse, unequally-toothed, waved ; pe- petioles, and peduncles pilose; umbels 4-flowered; nectariferous
duncles 3-4-flowered. h. G. Corolla violaceous, the 2 su- tube one-half shorter than the reflexed calyx. h. G. Flowers
perior petals lined. Nectariferous tube longer than the peduncle. blood-coloured, 2 superior petals with darker veins.
Perhaps the same as P. scàbrum.
One-coloured-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub
Spurious Stork's-bill.
Fl. April, July. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. 1 to 3 feet.
278 P. PANICULA'TUM (Horn. suppl. 76. but not of Jacq.) 289 P. ALNIFOLIUM (Willd. enum. 710.) leaves elliptic, ob-
leaves kidney-shaped, pubescent, 9-lobed ; lobes rounded, mu- tuse, floral ones obsoletely-trifid, unequally-toothed, rather cu-
cronately-toothed; umbels many-flowered, in crowded panicles. neated at the base, quite entire; peduncles 1-4-flowered. h. G.
Panicled-flowered Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Perhaps allied to P. betulinum. Corolla flesh-coloured, the two
279 P. SUAVE'OLENS (Desf. arbr. 2. p. 465.) villous; leaves superior petals broadest, and painted with dark-purple lines at
cordate, roundish, curled, 5-lobed, sharply denticulated ; pedun- the base.
cles many-flowered; pedicels short, and are, as well as the Alder-leaved Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 ft.
calyxes, very villous. h. G. Flowers purple. Allied to P. 290 P. AMPLISSIMUM (Willd. enum. suppl. p. 48.) leaves flat,
crispum. Perhaps P. suaveolens of Horn. hort. hafn. 2. p. 640.
. quite smooth, semiorbicular, 7-lobed, serrated, cordate at the
is different from this.
base; peduncles 2-5-flowered; nectariferous tube twice the
Sweet-scented Stork's-bill. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
length of the reflexed calyx. h. G. Corolla size and colour of
280 P. HORNEMA’NNI (D. C. prod. 1. p. 681.) leaves cor- P. speciosum. Allied to P. grandiflòrum.
dately kidney-shaped, trifid, sharply-toothed, smooth, fleshy, Very ample-flowered Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1
cucullate; umbels 4-flowered. h. G.
h. G. P. blándum, Horn. to 3 feet.
suppl. 76. but not of Sweet. Allied to P. tricuspidàtum. .
291 P. EGREGIUM (Hort. belved. 71. Link. enum. 2. p. 195.)
Hornemann's Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
leaves ternate ; leaflets pinnatifid, pubescent; stipulas ovate;
281 P. CASTELLIA'NUM (Spin. cat. 1818. p. 30.) leaves cuneated umbels 3-flowered; nectariferous tube length of calyx. Þ.G.
at the base, cucullate, angular, toothed, scabrous; branches and Petals scarlet.
petioles hairy; umbels many-flowered. h. G. Petals pale Egregious Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
rose-coloured, 2 upper ones roundish, with a dark-purple, 292 P. FRAGRANTISSIMUM (Link. enum. 2. p. 192.) leaves
branched mark at the base of each, lower ones linear, obtuse. rounded at the base, lobed ; middle lobes rounded, lateral ones
Castellian Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
acutish, all acutely-serrated ; nectariferous tube 4 times shorter
282 P. GRA'TUM (Willd. enum. 710.) leaves trifid, unequally than the calyx. . G. Petals purplish, marked with deeper
and acutely toothed, undulated, pilose; peduncles 2-4-flowered. branched lines. Stipulas ovate, reflexed.
h. G. Plant smelling like peppermint. Petals flesh-coloured, Very-fragrant Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
2 upper ones obovate, retuse, painted with dark-purple lines, 3 293 P. LADA'NOMA (Hoffmans. in Dietr. nachr. 6. p. 68. ex
lower linearly-cuneated.
Link. enum. 2. p. 192.) leaves roundish, somewhat lobed, acutely
Grateful-scented Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 ft. crenated; corolla lilac.
283 P. NOTHUM (Willd. enum. p. 710.) leaves roundish-ovate,
Ladanoma Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
obtuse, rather trifid, conduplicate, undulately-toothed, rather 294 P. MUNI'TUM (Burch. cat, geogr. no. 1240. voy. 1. p.
pilose beneath; peduncles usually 2-flowered ; segments of calyx 225.) smooth; leaves bipinnatifid; panicle dichotomous, fur-
erect. ħ. G. Very like P. gràtum, and allied to P. crispum. nished with lignescent spines. Þ.G.
Counterfeit Stork's-bill
. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 feet. Penced Stork's-bill. Shrub 2 to 3 foot.
284 P. CONSANGUI'NEUM (Willd. enum. 710.) leaves 3-lobed, 295 P. DIVARICA'TUM (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 525.) stem
filat, obtuse ; lobes divaricate, unequally and sharply-toothed; shrubby, erect, smooth ; leaves multifidly-pinnatifid
, smooth;
peduncles usually 3-flowered. h. G. Like P. gràtum, but peduncles 1-flowered. ħ. G. Petals Aesh-coloured, larger
,
the leaves are scentless. Flowers flesh-coloured.
ones spotted with purple.
Kindred Stork's-bill. Fl. May, Aug. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Divaricate Stork's-bill. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
h.G.

744
GERANIACEÆ. VI. PELARGONIUM.
2
ger. 381
ger. 236
ger. 34
n
.
,
.
of A list of garden Hybrids belonging to Section Pelargium, arranged alphabetically.
abrotanifolium, Sw.ger. 351 carnéscens, Sw. ger. 388 eriocaúlon, Sw. ger. 357 Kíngi, Sw.ger. 248
abutilöides, Sw.ger. n. s. 2 cartilagineum, Sw. ger. 382 erióphorum, Sw. ger. n. s. 90 Lambérti, Sw. ger. 104
aceroides, Sw.
ger.
242
caryophyllàceum, Sw. ger. 347 eriophyllum, Sw.ger. 141 lasiocaúlon, Sw. ger. 364
acetabulosum, Sw.ger. n. s. 40 chærophyllum, Sw. ger. 257
.
eriosépalum, Sw. ger. 371 latidentàtum, Sw. ger. n. s. 27
ácidum, Sw. ger. 261
Charlwoodii, Sw. ger. 380 eximium, Sw. ger. 26
latifolium, Sw. ger. 335
acutidentàtum, Sw.ger. n. s. 36 chelidonifolium, Sw.ger. 341 exornatum, Sw.
latilobum, Sw.
acutilobum, Sw.ger. 184 chenopodifolium, Sw.ger. 328 expánsum, Sw, not figured lanòsum, Sw. ger. n. s. 84
adulterinum, Lher.
chrysanthemifolium, Sw. ger. exquisitum, Sw.ger. n. s. 55 Lawrenceànum, Sw. ger, n. s.
adventítium, Sw. ger. n. s. 80 124
Exsul, Horn.
22
æmulum, Sw. ger. 160
Clintòniæ, Sw. ger. 392 Fairliæ, Sw. ger. 178
.
laùtum, Sw. ger. n. s. 91
áffluens, Sw.ger. 194
clàrum, Sw.
ger.
366
fastuosum, Sw.ger. n. s. 93 laxiflorum, Sw.
ger.
216
alàtum, Sw. ger. n. s. 25 clathràtum, Sw. ger. n. s. 85 flabellif ölium, Sw.ger. n. s. 48 láxulum, Sw.ger. n. s. 75
albinòtum, Sw. ger. 359 coarctàtum, Sw. ger. 70 flaccidum, Sw. ger. 337 Lechiànum, Spin.
Allènii, Sw.
ger.
229
coilophyllum, Sw. ger. n. s. 3 flágrans, Sw. ger. n. s. 15 Leghkécka, Sw. ger. 377
amoenum, Sw. ger. 121 Colleyànum, Sw. ger. n. s. 83 flexuosum, Sw. ger. 180 lépidum, Sw. ger. 156
anacampton, Sw.ger. n. s. 64 Colvilliànum, Sw.ger. 260 floccòsum, Sw.ger. 129
lineàtum, Sw.ger. 116
Annesleydnum, Sw.ger. n. s. 56 Colvillii, Sw.ger. 86
flóridum, Sw. ger. 41
Littleànum, Sw. ger. no. 72
.
anthriscifolium, Sw. ger. 233 commixum, Sw. ger. n. s. 71 foliosum, Sw. ger. 340
Loudoniànum, Sw.ger. n. s. 16
anisodónton, Sw. ger. 398 compáctum, Sw.ger. 70 Folsjámbeæ, Sw. ger. 312 Lousadiànum, Sw. ger. 44
árdens, Sw.ger. 45
Comptoniæ, Sw. ger. 122 formòsum, Sw. ger. 120
macránthon, Sw. ger. 83
.
ardéscens, Sw. ger. 231
.
cómptum, Sw. ger. 255 fràgrans, Willd. hort. berl. t. 77 magnifolium, Sw.ger. n. s. 9
argùtum, Sw.ger. 344
concàvum, Sw.ger. 237 Francíssi, Sw. ger. 349 magnistipulàtum, Sw. ger. 313
asperifòlium, Sw.ger. 169 conchyllàtum, Sw.ger. n. s. 95 fratérnum, Schrank, pl. rar. malacophyllum, Sw.ger. 397
Atkinsiànum, Sw.ger. n. s. 99 concinnum, Sw. ger. 108
mon. 1. t. 16
malachræfòlium, Sw.ger. n. s.1
atrofúscum, Sw.ger. 82 conclaúsum, Sw. ger. 305 glabréscens, Sw. ger. n. s. 45 Mattocksiànum, Sw. ger. 234
atropurpùreum, Sw. ger. 152
. concolor, Sw.ger. 140
glabrifolium (ac.) Sw. ger. 363 megalánthum, Sw.ger. n. s. 3
atrosanguineum, Sw. ger. 151 concrètum, Sw. ger. n. s. 23 glauciif ölium, Sw.ger. 179 megależon, Sw. ger. n. s. 4.
atrovèrens, Sw.ger. n. s. 74 conduplicatum, Willd.
gloriànum, Sw. ger. n. s. 82 megalostíctum, Sw. ger. n. s. 7
augústum, Hort.
congéstum, Sw. ger. 325
Gowèrii, Sw. ger. 333
melanchólicum, Sw.ger. n. s. 53
aurantiacum, Sw. ger. 198 contiguum, Sw.ger. n. s. 73 grandidentàtum, Sw. ger. 217 melanostíctum, Sw. ger. n. s. 5
Avroniànum, Sw.ger. 364 cordiforme, Sw. ger. n. s. 49 graphicum, Sw.ger. n, s. 11 melissimum, Sw. ger.
5
Baileydnum, Sw. ger. 87 corúscans, Sw. ger. 173
Grenvilliànum, And. ger. mirábile, Sw. ger. n. s. 57
Bakeriànum, Sw. ger. 240 Cosmiànum, Sw. ger. 189 Grimaldiæ, Spin.
mixtum, Sw. ger. 71
Balbisiànum, Spin.
cratægifolium, Sw.ger. n. s. 18 Gurneyànum, Sw. ger. 393 modéstum, Sw. ger. 204
Barclayànum, Sw. ger. 304 crenæflòrum, Sw. not figured hæmastícum, Sw.ger. n. s. 17
.
mollifolium, Sw. ger. n. s. 77
Barnardiànum, Sw.ger. 127 crenulàtum, Sw. ger. 162 Hammerslèiæ, Sw.ger. 225 Mostyne, Sw. ger. 10
.
basílicum, Sw.ger. 360 crithmifolium, Sw. ger. 354 Harwoodiæ, Sw. ger. 383
.
multiflorum, Sw. ger. 396
Beadònia, Sw. ger, 191 cruéntum, Sw. ger. 170 hedysarifolium (I) Sw.ger. 355 multinérve, Sw. ger. 17
.
Beaufortiànum, Sw. ger. 138 Cummingie, Sw.
heracleifolium, Sw. ger. 211 Murrayànum, Sw. ger. 164
béllulum, Sw.ger. 60
cuneàtum, Spin.
heteromállum, Sw. ger. n. s. 30 mutábile, Sw. ger. 213
n
Bentinckiànum, Sw. ger. 350 cuneiflòrum, Sw. ger. 330 Hilliànum, Sw.ger. n. s. 47 nànum, Sw. ger. 102
biflòrum, Sw. ger. 287
Curtisiànum, Balb.
Hoareæflòrum, Sw.ger. 133. Nairnii, Sw. ger. 372
bipartitum, Sw. ger. 142 dædàleon, Sw. ger. n. s. 100 Hoareànum, Sw. ger. 80 nervösum, Sw. ger. 47
bipinnatifidum, Sw. ger. 62 Darnleyànum, Sw.ger. n. s. 63 Humei, Sw. ger. 324
Newshamiànum, Sw. ger. 144
Blandfordiànum, Sw.
ger.
101 Daveyànum, Sw. ger. 32 Husseyànum, Sw.ger. 92 nóbile, Hort.
blándum, Sw. ger. 4
.
Debúrghæ, Sw. ger. n. s. 20 iconicum, Sw.ger. n. s. 88 nodosum, Sw.ger. n. s. 68
Bluntiànum, Sw. ger. n. s. 79 delphinifolium, Willd.
imbricatum, Sw.ger. 65 notàtum, Sw.ger. 208
Boyleæ, Sw. ger. 50
Dennisiànum, Sw.
ger.
20
imperiàle, Sw.
ger.
365
nùbilum, Sw. ger. n. s. 19
bracteòsum, D. C.
dentàtum, Andr. ger. ic. implicàtum, Sw.ger. n. s. 86. nummularifolium, Bot. rep. 123
Breesiànum, Sw.
dependens, Sw. ger. 195 incanéscens, Sw.ger. 203 nútans, Sw. ger. n. s. 66
.
Brightiànum, Sw. ger. 227 diffórme, Sw.ger. 105
incarnàtum, Sw. ger. 308 oblàtum, Sw. ger. 35
Broughtòniæ, Sw.ger. 181 dilatàtum, Sw. ger. 378
incúrvum, Sw. ger. 249
.
obovatum, Sw. ger. 367
Brównü, Sw. ger. 146
Dimacriæflòrum, Sw. ger, 220 inscriptum, Sw. ger. 193 Obrieniànum, Sw. ger. n. s. 10
bryonifolium, Sw.ger. 320 disséctum, Sw. ger. 247
inscúlptum, Sw. ger. n. s. 65 obscàrum, Sw. ger. 39
Burneliànum, Sw. ger. 369 dissimile, Sw. ger. n. s. 60 insignàtum, Sw.
ger.
300
obtusidentàtum, Sw. ger. n. s.
calamistrátum, Sw.ger. n. s. 32 divergens, Sw. ger. n. s. 35 instràtum, Sw. ger. n. s. 78
92.
calliston, Sw. ger. n. s. 8 diversilobum, Sw. ger. 361 intertextum, Sw.
-
obtusálobum, Willd.
calocéphalon, Sw.ger. 201 Dobreeànum, Sw.ger. 253. involucràtum maximum, Sw. obtusifolium, Sw. ger.
25
calycinum, Sw.ger. 81 Dràkii, Sw. ger. n. s. 96
oenanthifolium, Sw.ger. n. s. 12
campyliæflòrum, Sw.
ger. 251 dumòsum, Sw.ger. 19
jatropæfölium, D. C.
optábile, Sw. ger. 62
campylosépalum, Sw.
ger.
379 elatum, Sw.
ger.
96
Jenkinsòni, Sw.ger. 154 opulifolium, Sw.ger. 53
candidum, Sw. ger. 128
eratinum, Sw. ger, n. s. 28 jonquillinum, Sw. ger. 241 ornatum, Sw.ger. 39
carbásinum, Sw.ger. n. s. 34 eréctum, Sw. ger. 187
Kenricke, Sw.ger. n. s. 58 Pálkii, Sw.ger. 224
ger. 64
n.
ger. 185
ger. 33

GERANIACEÆ. VI. 745
.
PELARGONIUM. VII. GRIELUM.
ger. 346
ger. 326
ger. 362
a
pallidum, Sw. ger. n. s. 97 Saundersië, Sw. ger. 205 seeds; after which time they require to be kept in a cool situ-
pannifolium, Sw. ger. 9 Scarboroviæ, Sw. ger. 117 ation, out of the reach of frost, but as soon as they begin to
papyràceum, Sw. ger. n. s. 21 scintillans, Sw.ger. 28
push afresh, all the old mould should be shaken out of the pots,
párticeps, Sw. ger. 49
scítulum, Sw. ger. 390
and from their roots; they should then be potted afresh in new
pàtens, Sw. ger. 125
Scottii, Sw. ger. 264
mould. In potting them care must be taken not to bury the
paucidentàtum, Sw. ger. 186 scutàtum, Sw. ger. 95
heart of the plants ; after this they require a little water, and, as
pavoninum, Sw. ger. 40
seléctum, Sw. ger. 190
they grow, watered whenever they are dry, and if the pots get
pectinifolium, Sw.ger. 66 serratifolium, Sw.ger. 221 filled with roots they must be shifted into larger ones, The
pedunculàtum, Sw.
Seymoúriæ, Sw.ger. 37
best method of increasing them is by the little tubers, which issue
penastíctum, Sw. ger. n. s. 24 silenifolium, Sw. ger. 159 from the old bulbs, planted singly in small pots, with their tops
penicellàtum, Willd. h. berl. 37 Smithii
, Sw. ger. 110
above the surface, and kept dry until they begin to grow, when
perámplum, Sw.ger. n. s. 51 smyrniifolium, Sw. not figured they should be watered. The commoner, free growing, shrubby
Peytòniæ, Sw. ger. n. S. 46 solubile, Sw. ger. 24
kinds will thrive well in a rich loamy soil, or a mixture of loam
phoeniceum, Sw.ger. 207. .
Southcotiànum, Sw. ger. 348 and decayed leaves. The dwarfer woody kinds, as P. tricolor,
picturàtum, Sw.ger. n. s. 31 speciòsum, Willd.
élegans, and ovàle, thrive best in a mixture of loam, peat, and
pinguifolium, Sw. ger. 52 spectábile, Sw.ger. 136 sand; the pots should be well drained with potsherds, The
piperàtum, Spin.
spéculum, Sw. ger. n. s. 52 fleshy stemmed sorts succeed best in rather more than one-third
planifolium, Sw.ger. 219 sphærocéphalon, Sw.ger. 317 of fine sand, the same quantity of turfy loam, and the remainder
platanifolium, Sw.
sphondyliifolium, Sw. ger. 246 of peat; the pots also require to be well drained with pot-sherds,
platypétalon, Sw.
ger.
116 Spinii, Sw.
very little water is requisite when they are not in a vigorous state.
plectophyllum, Sw.ger. n. s. 37 Stapletòni, Šw.ger. 212 Young cuttings of all the shrubby kinds strike root freely under
poculifolium, Sw.ger. n. s. 31 Stewárlii, Sw. ger. 353
hand-glasses, in the same kind of soil recommended for the
polìtum, Sw.ger. n. s. 87 striàtum, Sw.
ger.
1
plants, or in pots without being covered by glasses, placed in a
porphyreon, Sw. ger. n. s. 89
.
succulentum, Sw. ger. n. s. 69 shady situation. Many of the kinds may be increased by slips
Pottèri, Sw. ger. 147
suffùsum, Sw.ger. n. s. 47 from the roots. No genus is more liable to sport into hybrids
præclàrum, Sw. ger. n. s. 67
. .
sulphureum, Sw. ger. 163 than Pelargonium by promiscuous impregnation. All the fine
Princeànum, Sw.
ger.
386
tanacetifolium, Sw.ger. 336 hybrid varieties in the gardens have been obtained by impreg-
principissæ, Sw.ger. 139 Thýnneæ, Sw. ger. 74
.
nating one sort with the pollen of another, by cutting out the
psilophyllum, Sw. ger. 356 Tibbitsiànum, Sw. ger. 158 anthers of the plant intended for the female parent before they
pubescens, And. ger. ic.
tinctum, Sw.ger. n. s. 29 burst, and impregnating the stigmas with the pollen of another.
pulcherrimum, Sw. ger. 134 torrefáctum, Sw.ger. 243 The object of this should be to obtain a superior variety; there-
púlchrum, Sw. ger. 107 tortuosum, Sw. ger. n. s. 39 fore particular attention should be paid to those plants intended
pullàceum, Sw. ger. n. s. 76 trilobàtum, Schrad. hort. goett. for the parents, and more so to that intended for the male parent ;
pulverulentum, Sw.ger. 218 1. t. 2
for it has been observed that seedlings approach nearer to the
pùrum, Sw. ger. 334
translùcens, Sw. ger. 395
male than the female parent. To grow geraniums in rooms,
pustulosum, Sw.
tyriánthinum, Sw. ger. 183 they require as much air and light as can possibly be given
pyrethrifolium, Sw. ger. 153 urbànum, Sw. ger. n. s. 50 them, and watered regularly when dry; and when the leaves get
quadriflòrum, Sw. ger. 321
,
ursinum, Sw. ger. n. s. 94 dusty, to clean them well with a sponge and water.
quinquélobum, Col. rip. 33 Vandèsiæ, Sw.
quinquevúlnerum, Andr. bot. vàrium, Sw. ger. 166
VII. GRIE'LUM (from ypaia, graia, old, grey ; hoary
Veitchiànum, Sw. ger. n. s. 81 aspect of plants). Lin. gen. 1235. Gært. fruct. 1. p. 180. t. 36.
ramígerum, Sw.
veniferum, Sw.ger. 322 Sweet, ger. 171. D. C. prod. 2. p. 549.
p.
ramulòsum, Sw. ger. 177 veniflòrum, Sw. ger. 258
Lin. Syst. Monadélphia, Decándria. Calyx permanent, 5-
LIN
recurvatum, Sw.ger. 223 venòsum, Sw. ger. 209
cleft, with a short tube, rather concrete to the carpels. Petals
recurvifolium, Sw. ger. 343 venústum, Sw. ger. 167
5, inserted in the tube of the calyx. Stamens 10, connate at
règium, Sw. ger. 368
verbasciflòrum, Sw. ger. 157 the base ; filaments permanent. Styles 5-10, short, capitate.
reticulàtum, Sw.
ger.
143 verbenæfòlium, Sw. ger. 149 Capsule of 5-10 closely concrete carpels, depressed at the apex;
rhodopétalon, Sw. ger. n. s. 18 verecúndum, Sw.ger. 316 carpels verticillate, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seeds inverse. Coty-
Richiànum, Sw. ger. 370 versicolor, Sw.
ger.
78
ledons leafy
Radicle oblique, superior.--Suffrutescent herbs,
rigéscens, Sw. ger. 112 vespertinum, Sw. ger. 239 natives of the Cape of Good Hope, with dissected leaves, and
ringens, Sw.ger. 256
.
vestífluum, Sw. ger. n. s. 26 large, solitary, axillary flowers. It is doubtful whether this
Robinsoni, Sw. ger. 150
Victoriànum, Sw. ger. n. s. 6 genus really belongs to Geraniàceæ ; the habits of the plants are
rotundilobum, Sw. ger. 252 villosum, Sw. ger. 100
like those of Monsònia, but the structure of the fruit and the
rubescens, Sw. ger. 30
viscosissimum, Sw. ger. 118 seeds come nearer to Neuràda ; both genera perhaps more
rùbro-cinctum, Link.
Watsoni, Link.
properly belong to Malvácea, but De Candolle has placed them
rugòsum, Andr.
ger.
ic.
Wellsiànum, Sw. ger. 175 in Rosàceæ, where they form a separate section, called Neuràdeæ.
Russeliànum, Sw.ger. 385
Yeatmaniànum, Sw. ger. n. s.
1 G. TENUIFÒLIUM (Lin. gen. 578.) leaves bipinnatifid, hoary,
sæpeflòrens, Sw. ger. 58
59
with linear, acutish, channelled segments; stem branched, diffuse.
salebròsum, Sw.ger. 309 Yoúngüi
, Sw. ger. 131
4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Geranium grandi-
saturàtum, Sw. ger. n. s. 33 Zingibérinum, Sw.ger. n. s. 38 flòrum, Lin. spec. 2. p. 958. Cav. diss. 4. t. 75. f. 1. Monsònia
tenuifòlia, Spreng. syst. 3. Grièlum tenuifolium, Burm. ger.
Cult. The tuberous rooted kinds, or those belonging to 1. Sweet, ger. 171. Thunb. fl. cap. 509.—Burm. afr. 53.
sections Hoárea, Dimàcria, and Seymoúria thrive best in an Petals obovate, crenated at the margins, yellow, with green
equal mixture of light turfy loam, peat, and sand ; and when in
bases. Root succulent.
a dormant state, require to be kept quite dry, which commences Fine-leaved Grielum. Fl. Apr. May. Clt. 1790. Pl. prostrate.
as soon as they have done flowering, and have ripened their 2 G. HUMIFU'SUM (Thunb. A. cap. 509.) leaves bipinnatifid,
VOL. I. -PART. VIII.
5 C
ger. 11
ger. 7
rep. 114
ger. 352

746
GERANIACEÆ. VII. GRIELUM. TROPÆOLEÆ. I. TROPÆOLUM.
a
p
.
tomentose, with linear, oblong segments; calyx tomentose. 2 MAGALLA'NA. Calyx 5-lobed, spurred, 2 of the lobes
4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers one-half deeply parted, the other 3 connected into a 3-toothed lobe.
smaller than those of the first species.
Petals 5, unequal. Stamens 8, connected at the base.
Trailing Grielum. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1825. Pl. prostrate.
, .
3 G. LACINIA'TUM (Gært. fruct. 1. p. 180. t. 36.) stem to-
I. TROPÆOLUM (from Tpomalov, tropaion, which the Latins
mentose; leaves unequally jagged, smooth above and shining,
have changed to tropæ'um, a trophy; the leaves are of the form
but tomentose beneath ; segments linear-oblong, obtuse, chan-
of a buckler, and the flowers resemble an empty helmet). Lin.
nelled above ; stipulas linear, acuminated, longer than the pe-
tioles ; calyx densely tomentose, with acute segments. 2. G.
gen. no. 466. D. C. prod. 1. p. 683.
LIN. SYST. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, upper
syst,
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Root succulent. Flowers
not half the size of those of the first species. Sweet, ger. t.
lobe furnished with a spur. Petals 5, unequal, 3 lower ones
306. G. sinuàtum, Licht. ex Burch. voy. 1. p. 286.
smallest or vanished altogether. Stamens 8, free from the base.
Carpels 3, somewhat erose, kidney-shaped, indehiscent, furrowed,
Jagged-leaved Grielum. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl.
roundish. Seed large, filling the cell.
prostrate.
Cult. Mr. Sweet says the species of this genus thrive best in
§ 1. Leaves peltate-nerved, entire or lobed.
sandy gravel, and the pots must be well drained with potsherds,
as nothing injures them more than too much wet; cuttings will 1 T. MÌNUS (Lin. spec. 490.) leaves peltate-nerved, orbicular,
root in the same kind of soil without glasses, in a shaded somewhat repand; nerves mucronate at the apex ; petals each
situation.
ending in a bristle-like point. O. H. or 4. G. Native of
Peru. Curt. bot. mag. t. 98. Schkuhr. handb. t. 105. Nastúr-
tium I'ndicum, Dod. pempt. 397. Flowers deep-yellow, streaked
Order LV. TROPÆO'LEÆ (plants agreeing with Tro-
with orange and red; these may be eaten in salads, as well as
pæ'olum in important characters). Juss. mem. mus. 3. p. 447.
. p.
the leaves, and the fruit may be pickled and used like capers.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 683.
Calyx coloured like the petals.
Calyx 5-parted, coloured, superior segment furnished with a
Var. B, flòre-plèno ; flowers double. 4. G. This is a beau-
tiful plant.
free spur at the base ; lobes sometimes free, sometimes joined to-
Small Indian-cress. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1596. Pl. trailing
gether more or less. Petals 5, inserted in the calyx, and alternating and climbing
with its lobes, unequal, irregular, 2 superior ones sessile and re- 2 T. MA'JUS (Lin. spec. 490.) leaves peltate-nerved, orbicular,
mote, fixed in the mouth of the spur, 3 lower ones unguiculate, somewhat 5-lobed ; nerves not mucronate at the apex; petals
smaller, sometimes abortive. Stamens 8 ; filaments free, closely
obtuse. O. H. or 4. G. Native of Peru. Curt. bot. mag.
t. 23.-Hern. mex. 161. with a figure.—Plench. icon. t. 294.
girding the ovary, inserted in the disk; anthers terminal, ob-
Flowers larger than those of the foregoing species, yellow,
long, erect, 2-celled, bursting by a double chink. Carpels 3,
darker on the inside at the base, and streaked with red and
closely joined into a trigonal ovary. Styles 3, connected toge- orange; these are frequently eaten in salads, as well as the leaves;
ther into one, which is 3-furrowed. Carpels 3, adnate to the they have a warm taste like the garden-cress, and hence the
base of the style or axis of the fruit, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed
plant has its common name of Nastúrtium; they are likewise
used for garnishing dishes. The seeds when green are pickled,
large, without albumen, filling the cell, and conforming to the
and by some are preferred to most pickles for sauce, under the
cavity. Embryo large ; cotyledons 2, straight, thick, younger false name of capers. Elisabeth Christina, daughter of the cele-
ones distinct, but at length closely connected together, and also brated Linnæus, we are informed by her father, observed the
adhering to the spermoderm, but rather distinct at the base ;
flowers of the great Indian-cress to emit spontaneously, at cer-
radicle lying within the process of the cotyledons, bearing 4
tain intervals, sparks like electric ones, visible only in the even-
ing. If this be the case in this plant, it is probable the whole
tubercles, which at length become radicles. Gært. fruct. 1.
possess the property more or less.
p. 380. t. 79. Rich. ann. p. 90. St. Hil. ann. mus. 18. p. 461. Var. B, flòre-plèno; flowers double. 2. G. This is a beau-
t. 24.-American herbs, with a hot taste like the cress, smooth,
tiful plant.
tender, diffuse and climbing. Leaves alternate, without stipulas,
Great Indian-cress. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1686. Pl. trailing
stalked, peltate, entire, lobed, or 5-7-parted. Peduncles
or climbing,
3 T. HY'BRIDUM (Lin. mant. 64.) leaves peltate-nerved, wedge-
axillary, 1-flowered. This order agrees with Geraniàceæ in shaped, somewhat cucullate, 5-lobed ; petals variable. 4.6.
the structure of the petals and calyx, but differs in the sta- A hybrid raised from the seeds of T. május in a garden at Stock-
mens being free, in not agreeing in number with the petals, as holm. Flowers yellow, never perfect, therefore this plant has
well as in the flowers being axillary, and in the structure of the
always been propagated from cuttings.
fruit and seeds. It is curious that this is the only order in
Hybrid Indian-cress. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. ? Pl. trailing or
climbing
which the peculiar acrid flavour of Crucíferæ is found to exist. 4 T. ADU'NCUM (Smith, tour, 1. p. 158.) leaves peltate-
All the species are powerfully antiscorbutic. The flowers of all nerved, somewhat kidney-shaped, with 5-7-lobed, mucronate
are handsome.
lobes; 2 upper petals lobed, mucronate, 3 lower ones smaller,
fringed; spur
; spur hooked, about the length of the upper petals. O.
H. or 2. v. G. Native of Peru and Mexico. T. peregri-
Synopsis of the Genera.
num, Jacq. schoenbr. t. 98. Andr. bot. rep. t. 617. Ker. bot.
1 TROPÆ'OLUM. Calyx 5-parted, upper lobe furnished with
reg. 718. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1351. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen.
a spur. Petals 5, 3 lower ones smallest or vanished.
amer. 5. p. 252. but not of Lin. Petals yellow, hardly longer
Stamens
than the calyx. This species is cultivated at Gibraltar in the
8, free.
open air, where it is called Canary-bird flower.
-

TROPÆOLEÆ. I. TROPÆOLUM. II. MAGALLANA.
747
a
.
Hooked-spurred or Fringed-flowered Indian-cress. Fl. June,
Oct. Clt. 1775. Pl. climbing,
§ 2. Leaves peltately cut into leaflets to the base.
5 T. SMITHII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 684.) leaves peltate-nerved,
14 T. PENTAPHY'LLUM (Lam. dict. 1. p. 605. ill. t. 277.)
palmate, deeply 5-lobed ; petals all lobed and fringed; spur
leaflets 5, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, entire, stalked; petals 2,
straight, twice as long as the corolla. 4.G. Native of New sessile, acute, quite entire, shorter than the calyx. 4. v.
Granada. T. peregrinum, Lin. exclusive of the synonyme of Native of Monte Video, Buenos Ayres, and Brazil in the
F.
Feuille, according to Smith in Rees' cycl. no. 4. Flowers yellow.
pro-
vince of Cisplatine. Root tuberous. Flowers yellow.
Smith's Indian-cress. Pl. cl.
Five-leaved Indian-cress. Clt. 1826. Pl. cl.
6 T. DIPEʼTALUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl
. per. 3. p. 77. t. 313.)
15 T. TENE’LLUM; leaves peltate; leaflets 5-6, obovate, mu-
leaves rather peltate-nerved, 5-7-lobed; lobes ovate, rather
cronate; spur shorter than the calyx; petals 5, cuneiform, on
mucronate, glaucous beneath ; petals 2, spatulate, crenulated.
long claws, all longer than the calyx, the segments of which are
4. G. Native of Peru on the Andes, and of Brazil. St. Hil.
obovate. 4. F. Native of Chili. Root tuberous. Petals
pl. usu. bras. no.-Feuille, per. 2. t. 42 ? and hence this is pro-
bably the
true T. peregrìnum of Linnæus, spec. 940. Flowers pale-yellow, upper ones striped with dark streaks. A very
slender plant. (v. s. herb. Lamb.)
yellow. Root tuberous.
Tender Indian-cress. Pl. cl.
Two-petalled Indian-cress. Pl. cl.
7. T. BICOLÒRUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 77. t. 313.) leaves
16 T. LEPTOPHYLLUM ; leaves peltate ; leaflets 7, linear, mu-
cronate; segments of calyx ovate, acute; petals 5, bifid or trifid,
peltate-nerved, 7-lobed, transversely truncate at the base ; petals
crenulate, longer than the calyx; spur slender, tapering. 2. F.
cut, ciliated. 4. v.G. Native of the Andes of Peru, in humid
Native of Chili at Santiago. Root tuberous.
Root tuberous. Stems slender.
groves. The 2 upper petals small and yellow, the 3 lower ones
Petals yellow. (v. s. herb. Lamb.)
larger, of a fine vermilion scarlet-colour. This is a very shewy Slender-leaved Indian-cress. Pl. cl.
species. Root tuberous.
17 T. POLYPHY'LLUM (Cav. icon. 4. p. 65. t. 395.) leaflets 5-
Two-coloured-flowered Indian-cress. Pl. cl.
10, oblong or obovate, a little toothed, cuneated at the base ;
8 T. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 251.) petals unguiculate, rather longer than the calyx, obtuse, quite
p
leaves peltate-nerved, obsoletely and acutely 5-lobed, truncate entire. O. v. G. Native of Chili on the Cordilleras. Flowers
at the base, smoothish above, and pubescently-pilose beneath ;
yellow.
petals lobately 2-awned, about equal in length to the calyx.
Many-leaved Indian-cress. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1827. Pl. cl.
Ο. Η.
Native of Peru in woods, near Loxa. Flowers
18 T. E'LEGANS ; leaves peltately and deeply 5-lobed ; lobes
yellow.
Pubescent-leaved Indian-cress. Fl. June, Oct. Pl. cl.
obovate, lower ones smallest ; segments of the calyx ovate-lan-
ceolate, acute; petals spatulate, not much longer than the calyx.
9 T. cilia'TUM (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 3. p. 77.) leaves peltate-
CILIA
4. F. Native of Chili. Calyx apparently purple or red. Petals
nerved, 5-7-lobed; stipulas and bracteas ciliated ; petals quite yellow. Root tuberous.
entire, about equal in length to the calyx. 24. or O. F. Na-
Elegant Indian-cress. Pl. cl.
tive of Chili in woods. Flowers yellow.
Cult. All the species of Indian-cress are very shewy, there-
Ciliated-stipuled Indian-cress. Pl. cl.
fore they are desirable plants in every collection. The green-
10 T. TUBERÒSUM (Ruiz et Pav. A. per. 3. t. 314.) leaves pel- house and frame species will thrive in any light rich soil
, and
tate-nerved, 5-lobed, transversely-truncate at the base, smooth ;
cuttings will root freely if planted in the same kind of soil, un-
petals almost the length of the calyx. 4. v. F. Native of
2
der a hand-glass. The annual kinds should be sown in the
Peru, among decayed rocks. Roots tuberous, depressed ; these
open ground in April. In fact, all the species may be either
are eatable when boiled. Petals toothed according to Ruiz and
increased by seeds or cuttings, whether said to be annual or
Pavon, but according to H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. perennial, because those species said to be annual are permanent,
251. they are entire and yellow.
when protected from the frost in winter. The species are all
Tuberous-rooted Indian-cress. Clt. 1827. Pl. cl.
climbing when supported, but if not they are prostrate. All the
11 T. BRACHY'CERAS (Hook. bot. Beech. voy. p. 14.) leaves
tuberous rooted kinds will grow well in a light soil in the open
peltate; segments 6-7, oblong-obovate, entire, sessile ; petals
air, in a sheltered situation, all the summer, and in winter the
cuneiform ; segments of the calyx obtuse; spur very short and
roots may be taken up and kept in dry sand, until the spring,
very blunt. 4. F. Native of Chili. Common in bushy
when they may again be planted out into the open ground.
places on the mountains about Valparaiso. Root tuberous,
fusiform? Plant weak.
Short-horned Indian-cress. Clt. 1828. Pl. cl.
II. MAGALLANA (in honour of the celebrated circum-
12 T. TRICOLÒRUM (Sweet, fl. gard. 3. t. 270.) root tuberous; navigator Ferdinand Magellan, or Magallanes in Portuguese,
;
stem slender, climbing, branched ; leaves peltately divided ; who was the first discoverer of Magellan). Cav, icon. 4. p. 50.
segments 6-7, obovate, entire, cuspidate ; petioles cirrhose ; D. C. prod. 1. p. 684. .
petals unguiculate, a little longer than the rather closed per- Lin. syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-lobed, spurred,
manent calyx, obtuse, quite entire. 4. F. Native of Chili at 2 of which are profoundly parted, the other 3 are joined to-
Coquimbo. Root tuberous, depressed. Calyx permanent, of an gether into a 3-toothed one. Petals 5, unequal. Stamens 8, a
orange-scarlet colour, tipped with black, with a long straight little joined together at the base. Fruit 3-winged, 1-celled,
spur. Petals yellow. This is the most shewy of all the species, and 1-seeded from abortion. Seed not sufficiently known.
Three-coloured-flowered Indian-cress. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. -A climbing annual plant, with ternate leaves, and yellow
1828. Pl. cl.
flowers.
13 T. PINNATUM (Andr. bot. rep. 8. t. 535.) leaves some- 1 M. PORRIFÒLIUM (Cav. icon. 4. p. 51. t. 374.) O. F. Na-
what peltate ; lobes obsolete ; flowers pinnate; petals 5, wedge- tive of South America at Port Desideratum. Climbing in hedges.
shaped, toothed at the apex. 4. G. Native of? Flowers Leaves divided into 3 linear entire leaflets.
yellow. This is a hybrid plant raised from the seeds of T. mà- Leak-leaved Magallana. Pl. cl.
jus in 1800.
Cult. The seeds should be sown in a pot of fine, light, rich
Pinnate-flowered Indian-cress. Fl. June, Nov. Clt. 1800. Pl.cl. earth in spring, and placed in a moderate hot-bed, and when the
-
a
5 c 2

748
BALSAMINEÆ. I. BALSAMINA.
;
-
a
plants are of sufficient size, they should be planted out into the name is given because a balsam is made from the plant which
open border, in a sheltered situation, where they will no doubt is said to cure wounds; it is, however, called balassan by the
ripen their seed.
Arabs, which is most likely to be the primitive of Balsamina).
Riv. irr. tetr. with a figure. D. C. prod. 1. p. 685.
.
LIN. Syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Anthers 5, all 2-celled.
SYST
ORDER LVI. BALSAMI'NEÆ (plants agreeing with Bal-
Stigmas 5, distinct. Capsules ovate ; valves at maturity bend-
samina in important characters). A. Rich. dict. class. 2. p. 173.
ing inwards elastically at the apex. Cotyledons thick.-Pedi-
D. C. prod. 1. p. 685.- Impatiens, Lin. gen. no. 1008.–Bal- cels always 1-flowered, solitary, or aggregate. Capsules pube-
samina, Tourn. inst. 418. t. 235. Juss. gen. 270. Gært. fruct. rulous. Flowers easily changed to double in the gardens.
2. p. 151. t. 113.
p
.
§ 1. Pedicels twin or aggregate. Leaves alternate.
Calyx of 2 sepals; sepals small, deciduous, opposite, usually
mucronate, imbricate in æstivation. Petals 4, hypogynous, cru- 1 B. HORTE'NSIS (Desp. dict. sc. nat. 3. p. 485.) pedicels ag-
ciate, 2 outer ones alternating with the sepals, ending in a callous gregate ; leaves lanceolate, serrated, lower ones opposite; spur
tip, upper one arched and emarginate, lower one entire, drawn shorter than the flower. O. F.
O. F. Native of the East Indies,
out into a spur at the base ; 2 inner petals alternating with the
China, Cochin-china, and Japan. Impatiens balsamina, Lin.
outer ones, more petal-like and equal with each other, usually spec. 1328. Mill. fig. t. 59. Blackw. t. 583. The varieties
of this elegant plant, which cultivation has produced, are nu-
bifid or appendiculate. Stamens 5, hypogynous, closely gird-
merous, white, rose-coloured, red, purple, striped, and varie-
ing the
ovary; filaments short, thickened at the apex ; anthers gated with these colours, single and double of each. Mr. Miller
rather connate, 3 lower ones opposite the petals, ovate, 2- speaks particularly of two remarkable varieties, which probably
celled, 2 superior ones rising in front of the upper petal ; these belong to one or other of the species. The first he calls the
are sometimes 1-celled, sometimes 2-celled. Anthers bursting the flowers of it are double, and much larger than those of the
Immortal Eagle, a most beautiful plant, from the East Indies ;
lengthwise. Ovary 1.
Ovary 1. Style wanting ; stigmas 5, distinct or common kind, scarlet and white or purple and white, very nu-
connected into 1, sessile and short. Capsule oblong or ovate, merous. The second kind he calls the Cockspur, introduced
5-valved; valves separating with elasticity; central placenta from the West Indies, which has single flowers as large as the
ending in a slender thread, which adheres to the stigmas as
other, but never more than semidouble, striped with red and
white; this is apt to grow to a great size before it flowers,
in Caryophylleæ, 5-angled ; angles membranous, touching the
which is very late in the autumn, so that in bad seasons there
intervalvular sutures, and therefore the young capsule is 5- will be hardly any flowers, and the seeds seldom ripen. Dr.
celled, but l-celled above the placenta. Seeds fixed to the
.
Wallich found this species, or one very closely allied to it, on
placenta, pendulous, many in each cell, ovate-oblong, exalbu-
Chundrugiri and at Thankote in the East Indies.
The Japanese
minous. Embryo straight, with a superior radicle. Cotyledons
are said to use the juice with alum for dyeing their nails red.
Common Garden Balsam. Fl. July, Oct. Clt. 1596. Pl.
flat on the inside and convex on the outside. Tender herbs,
1 to 2 feet.
with alternate or opposite, exstipulate, feather-nerved, toothed 2 B. coccinea (D. C. prod. 1. p. 685.) pedicels aggregate ;
leaves. Peduncles axillary. M. de Candolle remarks that the leaves oblong-oval, serrated ; petioles with many glands ; spur
flowers are those of Fumariàceæ, the capsules of O'xalis, the
incurved, about equal in length to the flower. O. F. Native
seeds of Linum, and the habit peculiar. The well-known elastic
of the East Indies. Impatiens coccinea, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1256.
Flowers scarlet, streaked with white.
spring with which the seeds are ejected, constitutes a principal Scarlet-flowered Balsam. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1808.
Pl.
character of this order. It differs from Tropæòleæ in the calyx 1 to 2 feet.
being of 2 sepals, in the structure of the corolla and capsule,
3 B. CORNU'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels aggregate ;
and from Oxalideæ in the structure of flowers.
leaves lanceolate, serrated; spur much longer than the flower.
cies are remarkable for the singularity and varied colours of
O. F. Native of Ceylon and Cochin-china. Burm. zeyl. 41.
t. 16. f. 1. Impatiens cornuta, Lin. spec. 1328. Leaves dusky
their blossoms.
green, sweet smelling. Flowers purple or white, with the
spur
Synopsis of the
somewhat bowed. Čapsules ovate, hispid. The Ceylonese call
genera.
this species Kudaelu-kola, from kudaelu, a swallow, kola, a leaf.
1 BALSAMI'NA. Anthers 5, 2-celled.
The inhabitants of Cochin-china use a decoction of the leaves
Stigmas 5, distinct.
Valves of capsule bending inwards elastically at the apex.
as a wash to their head and hair, to which it gives a very sweet
Pe-
odour.
duncles 1-flowered.
Horned Balsam. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1826. Pl. 1 foot.
2 TYTÒNIA. Anthers and stigmas as in Impatiens. Berry 4 B. Mysore'NSIS (D. Č. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels twin;
almost globular, 5-grooved, succulent, smooth, containing 5 hard,
leaves oblong-lanceolate, remotely-toothed ; stem simple, fili-
nut-like seeds, lapping over each other at both ends. Peduncles
form ; spur straight, shorter than the flower.
O. F. Native
axillary, 1-3-flowered.
of Mysore in the East Indies. Impatiens Mysorensis, Roth.
in Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 348. Flowers small, red.
3 IMPATIENS. Anthers 5, 3 of which are 2-celled, and the Mysore Balsam. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1820. Pl. į to 1 ft.
2 in front of the upper petal 1-celled. Stigmas 5, joined. Valves 5 B. SCABRIU’SCULA; plant villous; leaves cuneately-lanceo-
of capsule revolute, inwardly from the base to the apex. Pe- late, acute, with pointed serratures, tapering to the base ; flowers
duncles axillary, branched, many-flowered.
axillary, twin, villous, spurless. O. F. Native of the East
Indies. Impatiens scabriúscula, Heyne, in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p.
404. This is a small branching species.
I. BALSAMI'NA (from balsamum, balsam ; Fuchs says this Roughish Balsam. Pl. 1 foot.
All the spe-
a

BALSAMINEÆ. I. BALSAMINA.
749
II. TYTONIA.
§ 2. Pedicels aggregate. Leaves opposite.
Indies on Sheopore, in rich moist shady situations. Impatiens
6 B. OPPOSITIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels aggre-
mollis, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 461. Flowers large, purple, nodding.
gate ; leaves lanceolate, serrated ; spur shorter than the flower.
Soft Balsam. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
O. F. Native of Ceylon, in sandy places. Impatiens opposi-
§ 4. Pedicels solitary. Leaves opposite.
tifòlia, Lin. spec. 1328. Rheed. mal. 9. t. 31. Flowers
16 B. ROSMARINIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels
small, purplish-blue.
Opposite-leaved Balsam. Pl. 1 foot.
shorter than the leaves; leaves linear; spur short, rather re-
7 B. HETEROPHY'LLA; pedicels aggregate ; leaves linear, very
curved at the end. O.F. Native of Ceylon. Impatiens rosma-
long, rounded at the base, remotely and cuspidately serrated;
rinifolia, Retz. obs. 5. p. 29. no. 79. Bert. amoen. p. 20. Leaves
much longer than the flower. O. F. Native of the East
with spinulose serratures. Flowers small, purplish.
spur
Indies, bordering on the district of Silhet. Impatiens hetero-
Rosemary-leaved Balsam. Pl. 1 foot.
phylla, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 458. Leaves 6 inches long. Flowers
17 B. MUTILA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels usually soli-
large, purplish, with the 2 lateral petals 2-lobed, outer lobe ex-
tary ; leaves lanceolate, serrated; spur cucullate, blunt, muti-
lated. O. F. Native of and cultivated in Cochin-china. Im-
tremely large.
Variable-leaved Balsam. Pl. 2 feet.
patiens mutila, Lour. cochin. 512. Flowers scarlet.
8 B. FASCICULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels aggre-
Mutilated-spurred Balsam. Pl. 1į foot.
gate, shorter than the leaves ; leaves lanceolate. O. F. Na-
18 B. Cochlea'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels usually
tive of Malabar. Impatiens fasciculàta, var. a. Lam. dict.
solitary, elongated ; leaves oblong, somewhat serrated ; spur
1. p. 359.-Rheed. mal. 9. p. 93. t. 47. Flowers pale-red,
twisted, compressed; root creeping. O. F. Native of China,
with an awl-shaped, green spur.
and cultivated about Canton. Impatiens cochleàta, Lour. fl.
Fascicled-flowered Balsam. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
cochin. 512. Flowers beautiful scarlet. Stem red, almost des-
9 B. Tilo (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels aggregate, truly
titute of branches.
deflexed after flowering, 3-times shorter than the leaves ; leaves
Twisted-spurred Balsam. Pl. 1 foot.
ovate-lanceolate, acute, tapering to the base ; spur incurved.
19 B. CHINE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels longer
O. F. Native of Malabar. Impatiens fasciculàta ß, Rom. et
than the leaves ; leaves ovate; spur greatly arched; stem
Schult. syst. 5. p. 349.—Tilo, Rheed. mal. 9. p. 93. t. 49.
branched. O. F. Native of China. Impatiens Chinensis,
Lin.
Flowers pale, with an incurved, green spur.
spec. 1328. Stem red. Flowers reddish-purple.
Tilo Balsam. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
Chinese Balsam. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 foot.
10 B. Mi'NOR (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels aggregate,
20 B. PUBE'RULA; peduncles 1-flowered, deflexed after flow-
truly deflexed after flowering, 4-times shorter than the leaves,
ering ; leaves elliptical, pointed at both ends, serrated, younger
about the length of the spur; lower leaves ovate, stalked, upper
ones as well as the stem rather scabrous, from rough down.
ones ovate-lanceolate, tapering to the base. 0. F. Native of
O. F. Native of Nipaul. Impatiens pubérula, D. C. prod. 1.
Malabar. Impàtiens fasciculàta, var. y and è, Roem. et Schult.
p. 687. Flowers large, purplish.
syst. 5. p. 349.-Rheed. mal. 9. t. 50. and 51. Flowers whitish,
Puberulous Balsam. Pl. 1 to 1] foot.
Cult.
with a straight greenish spur.
The seeds of these plants should be sown on a mo-
Smaller Balsam. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1817. Pl. Z to 1 foot.
derate hot-bed in spring, and when the plants are about 2 or 3
inches high they should be planted into separate small pots, taking
§ 3. Pedicels solitary. Leaves alternate.
care to shade them until they have taken fresh root, replacing
11 B. LATIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels usually them in the hot-bed, after which they should have a moderate
solitary, shorter than the leaves ; leaves ovate, crenated, rather share of free air admitted to them when the weather is favour-
pilose; spur longer than the flower. O. F.
Native of the able, to prevent their being drawn up tall and weak; they
East Indies. Impatiens latifolia, Lin. spec. 1328.-Rheed. should then be shifted from size to size of pots, until the plants
mal. 9. t. 48. Flowers pale-red, about the same size as those of have grown the size required, and when in flower, they may
the common balsam.
be placed in the greenhouse, where they will make a very shewy
Broad-leaved Balsam. Fl. Jul. Sept. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 to 2 ft. appearance, and seed freely. Some may be planted out, when
12 B. LESCHENAUʻLTII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels young, in the open border in a sheltered situation, where they
shorter than the leaves ; leaves smooth, oval, taper-pointed at will flower, if the summer proves favourable. A light, rich
both ends, crenated, lower teeth acute, glandular ; spur about soil, or a mixture of loam, peat, and sand, suits them best.
the length of the flower. O. F. Native of Ceylon. Flowers Balsams are all shewy flowering plants, and are worth cultivat-
red, about the size of those of the last species.
ing for the sake of decorating greenhouses when the greenhouse
Leschenault's Balsam. Pl. 1 foot.
plants are set out in the open air. Those grown in pots require
13 B. BÍFIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels solitary ;
to be often refreshed with water.
leaves oblong, serrated, stalked; spur very long, bifid. O. F.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Impatiens bífida, Thunb. II. TYTO'NIA (in honour of Arthur Tyton, F.L.S. by
f.
сар.
2.
p.
54. Flowers red?
whose care many of the oldest inhabitants of our gardens are
Bifid-spurred Balsam. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. preserved, and more particularly many of those plants which
14 B. Cape'nsis (D. C. prod. 1. p. 686.) pedicels capillary ; were cultivated by Miller, which do not now exist in any collec-
leaves stalked, ovate, crenated, with the notches bearing hairs ; tion but his own).
spur longer than the flower. O. F. Native of the Cape of LIN. Syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Anthers 5, 3 of which
Good Hope in woods. Impatiens Capensis, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. are 2-celled, and the 2 in front of the upper petal 1-celled.
p. 54. Flowers red ?
Stigmas 5, joined together. Flowers with a remarkable gibbous
Cape Balsam. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 foot. spur. Berry almost globular, 5-grooved, succulent, smooth,
15 B. Móllis; upper part of plant soft, villous; pedicels red, size of a cherry, containing 5 hard, nut-like, obliquely-ob-
filiform, half the length of the leaves ; leaves lanceolate, acu- long seeds, lapped over each other at both ends. Peduncles
minated, with gibbous, cuspidate serratures ; spur length of axillary, solitary, 1-3-flowered. Leaves opposite and alternate.
,
flower, with the end incurved. O. F. Native of the East 1 T. NA'TANS; peduncles 3-flowered ; leaves alternate, linear-

750
BALSAMINEÆ. II. TYTONIA. III. IMPATIENS.
p. 687. -
lanceolate, serrated ; spur very short, gibbous. O. S. W.
O. S. W. and Siberia, in shady humid places ;
FIG. 120.
Native of the East Indies, in ponds and ditches, &c. of sweet in Britain, in several parts of
water. Stem piped, all the parts that grow in or float on the Westmoreland ; also in Yorkshire,
water bending in various directions, the parts above, the water Lancashire, and Wales; on the
are erect and branchy, the former is jointed and emit roots banks of Wynandermere, in little
from the joints. Flowers large, very beautifully variegated with brooks and watery places, near
red, white, and yellow. When in flower this is one of the most Rudall-hall, plentifully. Smith,
elegant water-plants. Impatiens nàtans, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1175.
. 1175. engl. bot. t. 937. Oed. fl. dan.
Floating Tytonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1810.
Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1810. Pl. floating t. 582. Schkuhr. handb. t. 270.
in water.
Flowers large, yellow, spotted in-
2 T. MADAGASCARIE'Nsis ; pedicels solitary, much shorter ternally with red. Ray says this
than the leaves ; leaves opposite, oval, crenated ; spur gibbous, plant is dangerously diuretic. Do-
almost wanting ; stem simple. 0. S. W.
. O. S. W. Native of Mada- donaus speaks of its pernicious
gascar, in ditches and ponds. Balsamina Madagascariensis, D. qualities. The seeds of this, as
C. prod. 1. p. 686. Flowers small, float.
well as all the other species are
Madagascar Tytonia. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1824. Pl. float, thrown out with considerable force
Cult. This is a beautiful genus of water-plants, worth cul- when ripe, upon being touched.
tivating in
every collection. They should be grown in large Hence the specific name Noli-me-tangere, and the English
pots or pans of water in a rich loamy soil, and placed in a warm names of Quick-in-hand and Touch-me-not. The elasticity of
part
of the stove or in a hot-bed. The seeds should be sown the capsules has furnished names for this plant in most Euro-
in spring
pean languages. In German it is called Spring same, Spring-
kraut, &c.; in Swedish, Springkorn ; in Danish, Springkorn or
III. IMPATIENS (from impatiens, impatient; a metapho- Springurt; in French, Impatiente, Ne me touchez pas, and also
rical name given to these plants because of the elasticity of the Balsamine-jaune; in Italian, Erba impaziente, Balsamina gialla ;
valves of the capsule when touched, which throw out the seed in Spanish, No quieras tocarme, Balsamina amarilla ; in Por-
with great force). Riv. irr. tetr. with a figure. D. C. prod. 1. tuguese, Melindre nao me toquis.
tuguese, Melindre nao me toquis. The leaves are said by
Villars to hang pendant at night; we have not observed this.
LIN. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Anthers 5, 3 of which are The whole plant is considerably acrid, and no quadruped, except
2-celled, and the 2 in front of the upper petal are only 1-celled. perhaps goats, are said to eat it. Notwithstanding this, it
Stigmas 5, joined together. Capsules prismatically terete, elon- was formerly used as a diuretic and vulnerary, and was given to
gated, with the valves curling inwards from the base to the relieve the hæmorrhoids and the strangury. Boerhaave regarded
.
top, and expelling the seeds when touched.—Peduncles axillary, it as poisonous.
branched, many-flowered. Capsules smooth. Leaves alternate, Common Touch-me-not. Fl. Jul. Aug. Brit. Pl. 1 to 12 ft.
very rarely opposite.
5 I. PARVIFLÒRA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 687.) peduncles 3-6-
flowered, and are as well as the flowers erect; leaves ovate,
§ 1. Peduncles bearing from 2-5, but usually 3 flowers,
acuminated, serrated ; serratures mucronate ; spur straight. 0.
axillary.
H. Native on the Upper Irtisch, without the limits of Russia.
1 I. TRIFLÓRA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1175.) peduncles 3-flowered, , Flowers pale-yellow, 3-times smaller than those of I. nóli-tán-
very short ; leaves linear-lanceolate, very long; spur arched, gere. Leaves more blistered and larger.
longer than the flower and pedicel. O. F. Native of Ceylon, Small-flowered Touch-me-not. Fi. June, Sept. Clt. 1820.
in dry sandy places.-Burm. zeyl. p. 41. t. 16. f. 2. Flowers Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
large, pale-red.
6 I. TRIPE'TALA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 18.) peduncles short,
Three-flowered Touch-me-not. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. 1-4-flowered, sometimes more ; pedicels elongated, but much
Pl. 1 foot.
shorter than the petioles ; leaves broad-lanceolate, acuminated,
2 I. FU'LVA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 146.) peduncles 2-4- serrated, with the lower serratures cilia-like; corolla 3-petalled ;
flowered; leaves rhomboid-ovate, blunt, mucronately-toothed : spur hooked. 0. F. Native of the East Indies on the moun-
the petal bearing the spur is longer than the rest. O. H. Na- tains of Silhet. Lower leaves opposite and tern. This species
tive of North America from Canada to Carolina, in wet shady has a pretty appearance when in full blossom, the flowers being
places. Im. biflora, Willd. spec. 1. p. 1175. Sweet, fl. gard.
,
numerous, large, and of a lively red colour, with the nectary
t. 43. Im. nóli-tángere B, Michx. Flowers dark-yellow, with deeply tinged with yellow.
red spots on the inside ; spur emarginate.
Three-petalled Touch-me-not. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1825.
Fulvous-flowered Touch-me-not. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818.
Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 foot.
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
7 1. HAMILTONIA'NA (D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 204.) pedun-
3 I. PA'LLIDA (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 146.) peduncles 3-4- cles dichotomous, 2-flowered, shorter than the petioles ; leaves
flowered ; leaves rhomboid-ovate, rather acute, mucronately ovate, stalked, serrated, acuminated, tapering to the base ;
toothed ; spurred petal dilated, shorter than the rest ; spur lateral petals horned on the back. O.Á. Native of Nipaul
recurved, very short. O. H. Native of North America from at Narainhetty. Flowers yellow. Im. nóli-tángere, Hamilt.
New England to Carolina near springs and rivulets in shady mss. but not of Lin.
places. Im. nóli-tángere, Pursh, f. sept. amer. 1. p. 171. Hamilton's Touch-me-not. Fl. July, Aug.
Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
. .
Flowers pale-yellow. Plant glaucous.
8 I. TRILOBA'TA (Colebr. ex Spreng. syst. append, p. 99.) pe-
Pale-flowered Touch-me-not. Fl. June, July.
Fl. June, July. Clt. 1817. duncles usually 4-flowered, spreading, about equal in length to the
Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
leaves ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, serrated, smooth ; spur conical,
4 I. NÓLI-TA'NGERE (Lin. spec. 1328.) peduncles 3-4-flowered, acuminated, incurved.
Native of Silhet.
shorter than the leaves, and spreading under them; flowers yellow.
pendulous ; spur recurved at end ; leaves ovate, coarsely Three-lobed-petalled Touch-me-not. Pl. 1 foot.
toothed ; joints of stem swollen. O. H. Native of Europe 9 I. sca'BRIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 687.) peduncles 3-4-flow-
-
O. F.
Flowers
1

BALSAMINEÆ. III. IMPATIENS.
751
a
a
ered, erect, shorter than the leaves ; leaves oval, taper-pointed 17 I. BRACTEA'TA (Colebr. mss. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 459.)
at both ends, serrated, younger ones on both surfaces, as well racemes terminal, oblong, many-flowered, fringed with the innu-
as the stem beset with scabrous down, adult ones smooth; spur merable long coloured hairs of the lanceolate bracteas ; leaves
very long. O.H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers yellow. lanceolate, serrulated, almost opposite ; lower lip of flower very
Rough Touch-me-not. Fl. July, Aug.
Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 foot.
large. Spur long, ascending. O.F. Native of Silhet in the
10 I. DíscoLoR (D. C. prod. 1. p. 687.) peduncles 3-flowered East Indies, as well as among rubbish at Narainhetty of Nipaul.
or sometimes only 1-flowered from abortion, shorter than the Im. insígnis, D. C. prod. 1. p. 688. Im. racemosa, D. Don,
leaves; leaves smooth, glaucous beneath, and green above, prod. fl. nep. p. 203. Im. fimbriàta, Hook. exot. fl. 146. This
rather pilose, ovate, acute, mucronately-toothed ; lower ones is a charming plant. Stem jointed, purplish. Leaves opposite
tapering much at the base. O.H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers and alternate. Racemes from 2-6 inches long, before expan-
yellow.
sion globular and capitate, afterwards oblong, beautifully deco-
Two-coloured-leaved Touch-me-not. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. rated with numerous, pink-coloured, large flowers, interspersed
1820. Pl. 1 foot.
with the dense pink hairs of the bracteas.
11 I. CRISTA'TA (Wall. Al. ind. 2. p. 456,) peduncles 2-4- Bracteate-flowered Touch-me-not. Pl. 2 feet.
flowered, equal in length to the petioles; leaves lanceolate, 18 I. BICORNUTA (Wall. A. ind. 2. p. 460.) peduncles long,
cuspidately-serrated, acuminated, pubescent ; upper petal with axillary, corymbose, crowded together towards the top of the
a sharp keel ; spur longer than the pedicel, incurved at the stem and branches ; leaves ample, approximate, ovate, acumin-
end. O. H. Native of Hungtoo in Bissepur, on the con- ated, coarsely serrated, a little hairy above ; nectary very large,
fines of Chinese Tartary. Stem purplish. Flowers yellow, conical, ending abruptly in a filiform spur; its mouth furnished
with minute purple dots. Stem pubescent, slightly angular, with a long horn-like point; capsule cylindrical. O. H. Na-
hardly jointed.
tive of Nipaul on Chundrugiri and Sheopore, as well as on the
Crested-petalled Touch-me-not. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1827. mountains towards Gosainsthan. Plant erect, branching. Stem
Pl. 2 to 3 feet.
jointed, angular towards the top, with several thick, cylindrical,
12 I. URTICIFÒLIA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 457.) peduncles purple glands scattered along the angles, otherwise smooth.
very long, filiform, 4-5-flowered ; leaves ovate, acuminated, ta- Flowers large, variegated with purple dots, disposed in axillary
pering to the base, coarsely and bluntly serrated, with bristly corymbose racemes; pedicels filiform, fascicled, or whorled,
gland-bearing crenatures; spur equal in length to the pedicel, leaning to one side, supported by 3 spreading, lanceolate, bract-
ample, conical, ending rather abruptly in a cylindrical horn. lets, which are at length reflexed.
O. H. Native of Nipaul at Gosainsthan, in the Himalaya moun- Two-horned-flowered Touch-me-not. Pl.2 to 3 feet.
tains. Stem jointed, smooth. Peduncles bearing 4-5, alternate, 19 I. LEPTO'CERAS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 688.) racemes axillary,
.
longish, slender, 1-flowered pedicels, each having a bractea at panicled; flowers on long pedicels ; leaves linear-lanceolate,
the base. Flowers large, yellow, nodding.
elongated, tapering to both ends, with bristly serratures ; spur
Nettle-leaved Touch-me-not. Fl. July, Aug. Pl. 1 foot. exceedingly long, filiform. O. H. Native of Nipaul, on the
13 I. CALYCI'NA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 463.) peduncles 2-flow- western part; also of Shreenugur, and among rubbish at Narain-
ered, equal in length to the petioles ; leaves ovate, acuminated, hetty. İm. odorata, D. Don, fl. nep. p. 203. Balsamina odo-
acutely serrated; stipulas alternate, glandular; calyx large, ràta, Hamilt. mss. Im. longicórnu, Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 462.
ovate; spur long, cylindrical, ascending, exceeding the length of A large, erect, branched, smooth, and fleshy species, with scat-
the peduncles; capsule cylindrical. O. H. Native of Nipaul tered leaves, crowded towards the top. Peduncles very slender, ,
on Chitlong and on Chundrugiri
. Plant erect, branching, 3-6 inches long, naked ; pedicels approximate, an inch long,
jointed, villous. Flowers large, yellow, netted with purple veins. supported by ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved bracteas. Flowers yel-
Large-calyxed Touch-me-not. Pl. 1 foot.
low, fragrant, with the upper petal concave, a little ciliated,
14 I. GRA’NDIS (Heyne, mss. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 465.) pe- lateral petals 2-lobed. Stem with swollen joints.
duncles 3-flowered leaves ovate, acuminated, on long petioles, Slender-horned Touch-me-not. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
with 2 oblong glands below the base ; spur very long. O. H. 20 I. UMBELLA'TA (Heyne, mss. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 464.)
Native of the East Indies. The flowers appear to be yellow, umbels several, terminal
, on long peduncles ; leaves crowded
and are by far the largest of any of the species.
towards the apex of the stem, ovate, obtuse, broadly-crenated,
Great-flowered Touch-me-not. Pl. 1 to 2 feet.
acute, tapering to the base, equal in length to the petioles ; spur
15 I. FRUTICÒSA (Leschen. herb. D. C. prod. 1. p. 687.) pe- very long. O. F. Native of the East Indies. Stem simple.
duncles 3-4-flowered, equal in length to the leaves ; leaves oval, Flowers probably yellow.
acuminated at both ends, serrulated ; lower serratures glandular, Umbelled-flowered Touch-me-not. Pl. 1 foot.
somewhat scabrous above from scattered down, velvety-pubes- 21 I. RACEMÒSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 688.) peduncles 7-8-
cent beneath ; stem suffruticose. n. S. Native of the East
ħ. S. Native of the East flowered, racemose, about the length of the leaves ; leaves
Indies on the mountains, where it is commonly called Kavet smooth, oblong, coarsely-toothed, acuminated at both ends; spur
gueda. Flowers yellow?
recurved, slender, rather longer than the flower. O. H. Native
Shrubby Touch-me-not. Shrub 2 feet.
of Nipaul. Flowers small, yellow.
Racemose-flowered Touch-me-not. Pl. 1 foot.
§ 2. Peduncles many-flowered, from 6-20, axillary and ter-
minal, seldom radical.
22 I. MICRA'NTHA (D. Don, prod. A. nep. p. 203.) racemes
corymbose, one-half the length of the leaves ; leaves elliptical,
16 I. sulca'TA (Wall. fl. ind. 2. p. 458.) peduncles axillary, acuminated, stalked, coarsely-crenated, tapering much to the
many-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; leaves opposite, with base; spur equal in length to the pedicel ; lateral petals appen-
cuspidate serratures, somewhat rounded at the base on glandular diculate. 0. H. Native of Nipaul. Flowers rose-coloured,
slender petioles ; stem branched, smooth, and deeply furrowed;
smaller than the rest.
nectary ample, ending abruptly in a slender curved spur. Small-flowered Touch-me-not. Pl. 2 feet.
O. H. Native of Nipaul at Gosainsthan. Flowers large 23 I. SCAPIFLÓRA (Heyne, mss. in Roxb. fl. ind. 2. p. 404.)
yellow.
scape radical, bearing a raceme of long-stalked flowers; leaves
Furrowed-stemmed Touch-me-not. Pl. 2 feet.
roundish, cordate, many-nerved, entire; spur longer than the

752
OXALIDEÆ. I. AVERRHOA.
pedicel. O ? 4 ? S. Native of the East Indies. This sin-
Synopsis of the Genera.
gular species appears to have tuberous roots. Leaves radical,
almost kidney-shaped. Flowers large, apparently purplish.
1 AVERRHÒA. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 121. a.). Berries large, ob-
Scape-bearing Touch-me-not. Pi. foot.
Cult
. Impatiens is a genus of beautiful and singular plants. long, 5-celled (f. 121. g.). Trees with impari-pinnate leaves.
a
The seeds of the hardy annual kinds only require to be sown in
2 Bio'PHYTUM. Sepals 5. Stamens nearly free. Stigmas
the open ground in a shady situation ; those of the frame and emarginately bifid at the apex. Capsule ovate-globose. Sub-
stove kinds should be raised on a moderate hot-bed in spring, shrubs or herbs with abruptly-pinnate leaves.
and when the plants are about 2 inches high, they may be planted
3 O'XALIS. Sepals 5 (f. 122. a.), free, or connected at the
out in the open border in a warm sheltered situation, but a few
of them may be kept in pots separately, and placed in a green-
base. Stamens monadelphous at the base. Stigmas pencil-form-
house stove or hot-bed, to secure a sufficient quantity of seeds, ed (f. 122. d.), rarely capitate or bifid. Capsule oblong or
these should be planted in a light rich soil. The Impatiens sca- cylindrical. Subshrubs or herbs. Roots tuberous or fibrous.
piflòra, if perennial, should be kept in the stove, and care should
Leaves simple or 3-4-5-foliate (f. 122.).
be taken not to give it too much water in the winter, as from its
4 LEDOCA'RPUM. Calyx 5-parted, girded by 10 linear brac-
succulent nature it will be apt to rot at that season.
teas.
Stamens permanent, free. Styles thickened. Small
branching shrubs with opposite, 3-parted, linear leaves.
p. 689.
ORDER LVII. OXALI'DEÆ (plants agreeing with O'xalis in
I. AVERRHO‘A (in honour of Averrhoes of Corduba, a cele-
brated Arabian physician, who resided in Spain during the domi-
important characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 689.
nation of the Moors ; he lived towards the middle of the 12th
Calyx of 5 sepals (f. 122. a.), or 5-parted (f. 121. a.) perma- century, and translated Aristotle into Arabic). Lin. gen. no.
nent, equal. Petals 5 (f. 121. b. f. 122. b.), hypogynous, equal, 576. Lam. ill. t. 385. Corr. ann. mus. 8. p. 71. t. 2. D. C.
sometimes cohering to each other at the very base, unguiculate ; prod. 1.
with straight claws and spreading limbs, spirally twisted in æstiva-
Lin. syst. Decándria, Pentagynia. Calyx of 5 sepals (f.
tion (f. 121. a.). Stamens 10 (f. 121. d. c. f. 122. c.); filaments
121. a.), which are more or less joined together at the base.
Petals 5 (f. 121. b.). Stamens 5 (f. 121. c.), alternating with
awl-shaped, erect, usually monadelphous at the base, 5 of which
the petals, or 10 (f. 121. c. d.) alternate ones, smaller, joined
are opposite the petals, inner ones longest (f. 122. c.). Anthers together at the base into a short ring. Ovary angular. Styles
2-celled (f. 122. c.), not adnate. Ovary free, 5-angled, 5-celled. 5, permanent. Berry large, oblong (f. 121. g.), 5-furrowed, 5-
Styles 5 (f. 122. d.), filiform, sometimes all shorter than the
celled, with a few seeds in each cell, adhering to the central
angle (f. 121. g.). Embryo straight, in a fleshy albumen.-
stamens (f. 122. d.); these are called very short (f. 122. d.) in
East Indian trees, with alternate, impari-pinnate leaves, with
the specific characters, sometimes longer than the outer stamens, alternate leaflets, racemose panicles of flowers, and eatable fruit.
and shorter than the interior ones, these are called intermediate The leaves of A. Bilimba are irritable to the touch, as in Biophy-
in the specific characters; sometimes all longer than the stamens,
tum sensitivum.
these are called very long, or longer than the stamens in the spe-
1 A. CARAMBÒLA (Lin. spec. 613.) calyxes smooth ; limb of
petals roundish; stamens 5; fruit with 5 acute angles; seeds
cific characters. Stigmas usually pencil-formed (f. 122. d.), also
arillate. h.s. Native of the East Indies and all the warmer
capitate and somewhat bifid. Capsule ovate or oblong, somewhat
parts of Asia, and is now cultivated in many parts of South
pentagonal, membranous, 5-celled, 5-10-valved, bursting length- America.-Rumph. amb. 1. p. 115. t. 35.-Rheed. mal. 3. p. 51.
.--
wise at the angles. Seeds few, fixed to the central axis (f. 121.
t. 43. and 44.—Cav. diss. 7. t. 220. Tree with a spreading
g.) of the cells, ovate, striated, younger ones inclosed in a fleshy
head. Leaves have about 4-5 pairs of ovate, acuminated, entire,
aril, but at length bursting elastically from the aril at the
stalked leaflets, the outer ones largest. Flowers lateral, scat-
tered, disposed in short racemes, usually rising from the smaller
the seeds are, therefore, thrown out at one end. Albumen carti-
branches, but sometimes from the larger ones or the trunk
laginously-fleshy. Embryo inverse, length of the albumen, with itself. Calyx red. Corolla small, bell-shaped, with oblong-
leafy cotyledons, and a long superior radicle.—Subshrubs or ovate petals, which are variegated with purple and yellow. Fruit
herbs, rarely trees. Leaves alternate, rarely
Leaves alternate, rarely opposite or in
the size of a hen's egg, acutely 5-cornered, with a yellow, thin,
smooth rind, and a clear watery pulp, in many sweet, in others
whorls, simple and variously compound. This order was for-
acid, with hardly any smell. Seeds small, oblong, angular,
merly confounded with Geraniàceæ, but it is the opinion of Jus-
flatted, and brown. The stamens are in 5 pairs, each pair
sieu and De Candolle that the species are more nearly allied to placed in the angles of the germ, only one stamen is fertile or
Rutàceæ and Zygophylleæ, and that their character and pecu-
furnished with an anther ; the filaments are curved, adapted to
liar habit are quite sufficient to distinguish them. The beauty
the shape of the ovary, they may be pressed down gently so as
of most of the species of Oxalis is very great, and of easy culti-
to remain, and then when moved a little upwards rise with a
spring. Dr. Bruce gives a curious detailed account of the sen-
vation. Their properties are well known. All of them are
sitive qualities of the petioles, and even branches of this tree.
slightly acid, whence some have been employed as salads. Their Rheede says the Carambola is a tree about 14 feet high, and
acidity is very agreeable, and depends upon the
presence
hardly a foot in girth, with a brown bark; that it bears fruit
small quantity of oxalate of potass. In some South American
3 times a year, from the age of 3 to 50 years, that the root,
,
species, oxalic acid exists in great abundance
. Several species leaves, and fruit are used medicinally, either alone or with
Areca
or Betel leaves ; that the latter, when ripe, are esteemed deli-
are employed in Brasil as a remedy for certain fevers of that
cious ; unripe are pickled; and that they are also used in dyeing
country
and for other economical purposes. Burman says that the acid
-
apex, and
a
of a

OXALIDEÆ. I. AVERRHOA. II. BIOPHYTUM. III. OXALIS.
753
lo
7
-
e
juice of this is not so pleasant as that of A. Bilimba, that the and Quebrada de la Carbonera. O'xalis dendroïdes, H. B. et
fruit is rather larger, and is used for the same purposes, and Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 250. Flowers violaceous. Cells
that it is a very beautiful tree. In Bengal the tree is called
of ovary containing only one seed.
Camruc and Camrunga; in Malabar, Tamara-tonga; the Bra- Tree-like Biophytum. Shrub to 1 foot.
i
mins and Portuguese call it Carambolas.
3 B. MIMOSOIDES (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 107. t. 21. under
Carambola Averrhoa. Clt. 1793. Tree 14 to 20 feet. O'xalis) stem shrubby, hardly branched at the apex ; leaves
2 A. Bili'MBI (Lin. spec. 613.)
FIG. 121.
corymbose, abruptly-pinnate ; leaflets linear, obliquely-truncate
calyxes pubescent; limb of petals
both at the apex and the base, puberulous, veinless above ; pe-
oval-oblong; stamens 10; fruit
h.
duncles shorter than the leaves, villous, very much thickened at
obtuse-angled ; seeds without aril.
the apex, bracteate, 3-4-flowered; pistils much longer than the
h. S. Native of Goa and many
-9 stamens; cells of ovary 4-seeded. h.S. Native of Brazil in
other parts of the East Indies,
the province of Rio Janeiro. Flowers white, resembling those
both within and without the Gan-
of Stellària Holóstea. Filaments rather monadelphous at the
ges, and is now cultivated in many
base. Stigmas laciniately-jagged, capitate.
parts of South America. Cav.
Mimosa-like Biophytum. Fl. Nov. Shrub } foot.
diss. 7. t. 219.–Rumph. amb. 1.
4 B. CA'STA ; stem shrubby, umbellately branched ; leaves
p. 115. t. 35.-Rheed. mal. 3. p.
abruptly-pinnate, of many pairs of leaflets, smoothish ; leaflets
51. t. 45 and 46. This is a small
adnate, somewhat rhomboid ; fascicles of flowers subsessile,
tree, with a few reclining branches.
а
bracteate; stamens exceeding the styles in length. H.S. Na-
The leaves have from 5-10-pairs
tive of Brazil. O'xalis cásta, Zucc. in act. acad. monach. 9. t. 6.
of ovate-lanceolate, entire, smooth
Chaste Biophytum. Shrub { foot.
leaflets on short stalks. The
5 B. DO'RMIENS ; stem suffruticose, simple ; leaves abruptly-
flowers are reddish-purple, dis- f.
Willia
pinnate, with many pairs of pubescent, nearly sessile leaflets,
posed in racemes, rising from
,
which are angular at the base, oblong, obtuse ; pedicels aggre-
the trunk. The fruit is oblong, somewhat resembling a small gate, 1-flowered, rising from the bracteas. h.S. Native of
cucumber, with a thin, smooth, green rind, filled with a grate- Brazil. O'xalis dórmiens, Zucc. in act. acad. monach. 9. t. 5.
ful acid juice, and the substance and seeds not unlike that of Dormant Biophytum. Shrub } foot.
a cucumber. A A syrup is made of the juice and a conserve of 6 B. SO'MNIANS ; stem shrubby, simple; leaves abruptly-pin-
the flowers, which are esteemed excellent in fevers and bilious nate, with about 6 pairs of leaflets, outer ones largest, obovate-
disorders. The tree is called Bilimbi in Malabar.
oblong, obtuse, lower ones rather cordate, acute; heads of
Bilimbi or Cucumber-tree. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1791. Tree flowers on long peduncles, bracteate; styles exceeding the sta-
8 to 15 feet.
mens in length. h.S. Native of Brazil. O'xalis sómnians,
Cult. These are very pretty trees, and will thrive well in a
Mart. mss.
Zucc. in act. acad. monach. 9. t. 4.
light sandy loam. Ripe cuttings will strike root freely in sand Sleeping Biophytum. Shrub } foot.
under a hand-glass, in heat.
Cult. These singular and beautiful little plants will thrive
best in a mixture of loam and peat. The seeds of the first
II. BIO'PHYTUM (from Bios, bios, life, and autov, phyton, species should be sown in spring on a hot-bed, and after the
a
a plant; the leaves of B. sensitívum are sensitive to the touch). plants are of sufficient size, they should be separated and planted
D. C. prod. 1. p. 689.
singly in pots shaded until the plants have taken fresh root, they
Lin. syst. Decándria, Pentagynia. Calyx of 5 sepals. Sta- may then be removed to the stove. The rest of the species,
mens 10, free, the 5 outer ones are smaller than the inner 5, being suffruticose plants, may be either increased by cuttings or
alternating with each other. Stigmas 5, emarginately-bifid and ca-
seeds.
pitate. Capsules ovate, globose, somewhat pentagonal.—Annual
or suffruticose herbs, with a naked stem, bearing at the apex, a III. O'XALIS (from ožus, oxys, acid ; the leaves have an
fascicled whorl of abruptly-pinnate leaves ; leaflets many, oppo-
acid taste). Lin. gen. no. 582. D. C. prod. 1. p. 690. O'xys,
site. Peduncles many-flowered, umbellate.
St. Hilaire does Tourn. inst. t. 19.
not consider this genus distinct from the following ; indeed there Lin. syst. Decándria, Pentagynia. Sepals 5, (f. 122. a.)
is no character yet discovered that would separate them, but free, or joined together at the base. Petals 5. (f. 122. 6.)
the peculiar habit of the plants is sufficient.
Stamens 10, (f. 122. c. c.) with the filaments connected together
1 B. SENSITÍVUM (D. Č. prod. 1. p. 690.) almost stemless; a little way at the base, 5 of which are exterior, and are shorter
peduncles thick, bearing many flowers at the apex, about equal than the other 5. Styles 5, usually crowned by pencil-like,
in length to the leaves ; leaflets 14 pairs, oblong, obtuse, mucro- (f. 122. d.) rarely capitate, or bifid stigmas. Capsules penta-
O.S. Native of the East Indies and China, in gardens gonal, oblong, or cylindrical.- Permanent, caulescent, stipitate,
and meadows. O'xalis sensitīva, Lin. spec. 622. Jacq. oxal. no.
or stemless herbs. Leaves various, but never abruptly-pinnate,
21. t. 78. f. 4.–Garc. in phil. trans. 1730. p. 379. t. 2.- full of an acid juice. Flowers of various hues.
Rumph. amb. 5. p. 301. t. 104. f. 2.-Rheed. mal. 9. p. 33. t.
19. The leaves of this plant contract on the slightest touch, like
§ 1. Hedysaroideæ (plants with the habit of Hedýsarum).
those of Mimosa pudica. It is a beautiful plant, with umbels of
It is a beautiful plant
, with umbels of with one flower in the fork, bearing the other flowers on the inside
D. C. prod. 1. p. 690.
690. Peduncles bifid, or bifidly-umbelliferous,
small yellow flowers. Stigmas emarginately bifid.
Sensitive Biophytum. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1824. Pl. 1 to
.
of the divisions, with usually petinated bracteas; flowers secund,
intermixed with the bracteas. Stems leafy, usually suffruticose.
2 B. DENDROÌDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 690.) stem woody, sim-
Leaves trifoliate ; leaflets ovate, lanceolate, or rhomboid, rarely
ple, leafy at the apex; petioles of leaves with a fascicle of long 5-seeded.—Species natives
obcordate, with the middle one on a long stalk. Cells of ovary 1-
hairs between each pair of leaflets ; leaflets of 12 pairs, oblong,
5-seeded. Species natives of South America.
unequal-sided, acute, ciliated, outer ones largest ; peduncles 1- 1 O. PENTA'NTHA (Jacq. ox. no. 1. t. 1.) stem erect, branched,
flowered. ħ.s. Native of New Granada between Guaduas leafy ; peduncles umbelliferous, about the length of the leaves ;
5 D
a
nate.
a
{ foot.
.
VOL. I. PART. VIII.

754
OXALIDEÆ. III. OXALIS.
-
.
.
leaves pilose; lateral leaflets roundish, emarginate, middle one smooth, each marked with a spot at the apex; styles inter-
obovate, blunt; styles shorter than the outer stamens. n. S. mediate. h.s. Native of South America in shady places, on
Native of Caraccas and Brazil. P. divaricàta, Mart. Flowers the banks of the river Amazon, not far from Tomependa. Flowers
small, spreading, yellow.
white.
Var. , Humboldtii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 690.) styles twice as Glaucous Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
long as the stamens. h. S. Native of South America. O. 11 O. BORJE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
pentántha, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 247. Flowers. 247.) stem leafy, smooth ; peduncles bifid at the apex, many-
spreading, yellow. Probably a distinct species.
flowered, length of petioles ; leaflets rounded at the apex,
Five-flowered Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1ų foot.
smooth, glaucous, lateral ones obovate-elliptical, remote, ter-
2 O. PSORALEOÌDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. minal one somewhat obovate-elliptical ; sepals puberulous, spot-
246. t. 470.) stem erect, leafy ; branches downy; peduncles less. n. S. Native of South America, on the banks of the
longer than the petioles, bifid at the apex, 6-8-flowered; leaves river Orinoco, in shady humid places, near St. Borja. Flowers
downy, silky or silvery beneath ; calyxes downy, hairy; styles yellow.
intermediate. h.s. Native of South America, near Santa-Fé Borja Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
de Bogota ? Flowers yellow.
12 O. ANGUSTIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
Psoralea-like Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 1 foot.
247.) stem leafy, smoothish ; peduncles 3-4-flowered, longer
3 O. PLUMIE'RI (Jacq. ox. no. 3.) stem erect, leafy; peduncles than the petioles; leaflets oblong-linear, smooth, glaucous,
umbelliferous, 4-6-flowered, length of leaves ; leaflets entire, lateral ones smaller, remote ; calyx smooth, spotless. H. S.
ovate, bluntish.
h.S. Native of South America, particularly Native of New Spain, on the western declivities near La Venta
in the Caribbee Islands, Guiana, and La Vera Cruz. Lindl. bot. del Peregrino. Flowers yellow.
reg. t. 810. O. frutéscens, Lin. spec. 624.–Plum. ed. Burm. t. Narrow-leaved Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
213. f. 1. Flowers yellow. Capsules smooth.
13 0. cYTISOIDES (Mart. et Zucc. in act. acad. monach. 9. ex
Plumier's Wood-sorrel. Fl. year. Clt. 1769. Shrub 1; foot. Spreng. syst. append. 186.) branches tomentose; leaflets ovate,
4 O. NEÆ'I (D.C. prod. 1. p. 690.) stem erect, leafy ; pedun- tapering to both ends, hoary-villous ; peduncles many-flowered,
cles umbelliferous, 4-flowered, length of leaves ; leaflets villous, exceeding the leaves in length; styles longer than the stamens.
lateral ones oval, emarginate, middle one ovate-lanceolate ; styles h.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow.
intermediate. h. S. Native of Mexico about Acapulca. Cytisus-like Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Flowers yellow. This is apparently an intermediate species be- 14 O. DENSITÒLIA (Mart. 1. c.) stem twiggy, densely clothed
tween the two preceding.
with leaves ; leaflets obcordately 2-lobed, hairy; peduncles elon-
Nees's Wood-sorrel. Shrub 14 foot.
gated, usually 8-flowered ; styles exceeding the stamens. Þ. S.
5 O. BARRELIE'RI (Jacq. ox. no. 4. t. 3.) stem erect, branched, Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow.
leafy ; peduncles bifid, racemose, length of leaves ; leaflets ovate- Dense-leaved Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 foot.
lanceolate; styles length of inner stamens. h. S. Native of 15 O. RHOMBIFÒLIA (Jacq. ox. no. 2. t. 2.) stem erect,
Guiana, Brazil, and the Caraccas. P. campestris, Mart.-Barrel. branched, leafy ; peduncles umbelliferous, 3-flowered, length of
icon. t. 1169. Petals of a pale flesh-colour, with the 3 superior leaves ; leaflets pubescent, ovate-rhomboid, sessile ; styles longer
ones marked with yellow at the base. Stem, petioles, and than the stamens. h.s. Native of Caraccas. Flowers yellow.
peduncles hairy. Stigmas capitate.
Inner filaments hispid.
Barrelier's Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, Nov. Clt. 1796. Sh. 1.2 ft. Rhomb-leaved Wood-sorrel. Shrub 11 foot.
6 O. PAVÒNII; stem erect; leaflets obovately-roundish, pu- 16 O. RHO'MBEO-OVA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 108.) stem
bescent; pedicels dichotomous, about the length of the leaves ; suffruticose, nearly simple, leafy; leaves spreading, trifoliate ;
cells of ovary many-seeded. h. S. Native of Peru. (v. s. leaflets large, stalked, rhomb-ovate, acuminated, ciliated, inter-
herb. Lamb.) Flowers yellow.
mediate one much larger, and on a longer petiole; peduncles
Pavon's Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
shortly 2-cleft at the apex, many-flowered; stamens all longer
7 O. LESPEDEZOÌDES; hairy ; lateral leaflets nearly sessile, than the pistils ; cells of ovary 1-seeded. h. S. Native of Bra-
obovately-lanceolate, all pendulous; peduncles axillary, rather zil, in the provinces of Minas Geraes and Rio Janeiro. Petals
longer than the petioles; flowers capitate, crowded.
. s.
yellow, emarginate. Stigmas capitate.
Native of Peru. (v. s. herb. Lamb.) Flowers yellow.
Rhomb-ovate-leafletted Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
Lespedeza-like Wood-sorrel. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
17 O. ROSELLA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 109. t. 22.) nearly
8 O. HEDYSARIFÒLIA (Raddi. mem. bras. add. p. 22.) stem stemless, suffruticose ; leaves rosellate, trifoliate; leaflets unequal,
erect, leafy; peduncles terminal, few-flowered ; leaflets ovate, intermediate one ovate, acutish, stalked, lateral ones sessile,
acute at both ends, and are, as well as the petioles, hairy. h ?
ķ? smaller, ovate, obtuse at the apex, very blunt and oblique at the
S. Native of Brazil in grassy places, near Rio Janeiro. Flowers base; peduncles filiform, 2-cleft, many-flowered ; calyx hispid;
yellow.
stamens all shorter than the pistil ; cells of ovary 5-seeded. h.S.
Hedysarum-leaved Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. 0.
0. pubéru-
9 O. HEDYSAROÌDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen, arner. 5. p. la, Mart. Petals yellow.
Petals yellow. Stigmas capitate.
247.) stem leafy, smooth ; peduncles bifid at the apex, many- Rosellate-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. June. Shrub 1 foot.
flowered ; leaflets ovate-oblong, emarginate, smooth, rather glau- 18 O. INSI'PIDA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 109.) stem shrubby,
cous beneath, lateral ones smallest, remote; calyxes smooth. simple, pubescent, leafy at the
,
simple, pubescent, leafy at the apex; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets
h.S. Native of South America on the Andes about Quito, unequally stalked, lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, rather narrow,
and at Santa-Fe de Bogota in cold and temperate places. Flowers pubescent beneath ; peduncles axillary, 2-cleft, many-flowered ;
pale-pink? This species is nearly allied to 0. Barrelièri. cells of ovary 1-seeded. h.S. Native of Brazil in the pro-
Hedysarum-like Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
vince of Rio Janeiro. Petals yellow. Stigmas capitate, 2-lobed.
10 O. GLAUCA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 247. Insipid Wood-sorrel. F1. Oct. Shrub 1 foot.
t. 471.) stem leafy, smooth; peduncles bifid at the apex, 7-9- 19 O. FRUTE'SCENS (Ruiz et Pav. mss. in herb. Lamb.) leaflets
flowered, length of leaves ; leaflets ciliated, smooth, glaucous, 3, middle leaflet on a long footstalk, ovate, tapering to the
lateral ones roundish, remote, terminal one elliptic-ovate; sepals apex, all hairy beneath; peduncles many-flowered, about the
.

OXALIDEÆ III. OXALIS.
755
;
h. S.
length of the common petiole, and are, as well as the stem and of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro, on the banks of the river
branches, hairy. H. S. Native of Peru. Flowers yellow. Parahyba among rocks, not far from Villa Uba. Petals yellow.
Frutescent Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Stigmas capitate.
20 O. SPIRA'LIS (Ruiz et Pav. mss. in herb. Lamb.) stem Rock Wood-sorrel. Fl. Feb. Oct. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
hairy; leaflets 3, all sessile, wedge-shaped, præmorse ; peduncles 28 O. DISTANS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 115.) stems suffruti-
very long, hairy ; umbels bifid; flowers secund; capsule many- cose, ascending, leafy ; leaves in fascicled-whorls at intervals ;
seeded; stigmas capitate. n. S.. Native of Peru.
leaflets unequally stalked, obovate, obtuse, somewhat emar-
Spiral Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 foot.
ginate, villous, ciliated; peduncles umbelliferous ; larger sta-
21 O. CAJANIFÒLIA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 110.) pubescent ; mens a little longer than the pistils; cells of ovary 3-seeded.
stem shrubby, leafy ; leaflets unequally stalked, ovate-lanceo-
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes.
late, acuminated, acute, pubescent above, villous beneath ; pe- Petals yellow. Stigmas hardly capitate, bifid.
duncles longer than the petioles, bifid; flowers racemose ; sta- Distant-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. July. Shrub ascending.
mens all longer than the pistils ; cells of capsule 1-2-seeded. 29 O. CORDATA (St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. t. 45. A. bras. 1. p.
h.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Janeiro. Petals 115.) stem suffruticose, leafy ; leaflets cordate, with pube-
rose-coloured, yellow at the base. Stigmas capitate, 2-parted. rulous margins, lateral ones sessile, intermediate one stalked ;
Pigeon-pea-leaved Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
peduncles axillary, flattened, pubescent, subbifid, umbelliferous;
22 O. SE'PIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 111.) stem suffruticose, cells of ovary 5-seeded.
5. his. Native of Brazil in the pro-
leafy; leaves solitary, and appearing in whorls ; leaflets un- vince of Goyaz. Petals yellow. Styles intermediate.
equally stalked, ovate, bluntish, smooth ; petioles rather pilose ; Cordate-leafletted Wood-sorrel. Fl. June. Shrub 1 foot.
peduncles bifid; flowers racemose ; calyxes obtuse, quite 30 O. FU'LVA (St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. t. 44. f. bras. 1. p. 115.)
smooth; stamens all longer than the pistils; ovary 15-seeded. stem suffruticose, leafy, very hairy ; leaflets obovately-orbi-
h. S. Native of Brazil in hedges near Rio Janeiro. Petals cular, unequally stalked, very obtuse, villous, ciliated, lateral
yellow. Stigmas capitate.
ones sessile, intermediate one stalked; peduncles subbifid, um-
Hedge Wood-sorrel. Shrub 2 feet.
belliferous ; umbels involucrated; stamens all longer than the
23 O. UMBRATI'COLA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 111.) stem suf-
p.
pistils ; cells of ovary 2-seeded. h.S. Native of Brazil in
fruticose, leafy, pubescent; leaflets unequally stalked, rhomb- the province of Minas Geraes. Petals yellow.
ovate, obtuse, emarginate, acute at the base, with the margins Fulvous-flowered wood-sorrel. Fl. year. Shrub 1 foot.
and middle nerve hardly puberulous, soft ; peduncles shorter than 31 O. CAMPE'STRIS (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 116.) stem suffru-
the leaves, 2-cleft, umbelliferous, pubescent; petals emarginate ; ticose, nearly simple ; leaves scattered, smalī
, nearly erect, hairy;
,
cells of ovary 1-seeded. h.S. Native of Brazil in the pro- leaflets 3, obcordate, intermediate one stalked, lateral ones ses-
vinces of Minas Geraes and Rio Janeiro. Petals yellow or sile ; peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves, usually exceed-
whitish. Stigmas capitate. Like O. Plumièri.
ing the stems, bifid, umbelliferous ; petals obcordate ; stamens
Shaded Wood-sorrel. Fl. Feb. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
all longer than the pistils ; cells of ovary 1-seeded. h. s.
24 O. MELILOTOIDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 112.) stem suf- Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes. Petals
fruticose, erect, rather pilose ; leaflets unequally stalked, ovate, golden-yellow. Stigmas capitate.
obtuse, pilose on both surfaces; peduncles bifid, much longer Var. B, violácea (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves violaceous and less
than the leaves; flowers racemose; stamens all longer than the hairy.
pistils ; cells of ovary 2-seeded. H. S. Native of Brazil in Field Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, Oct. Shrub foot.
the province of Minas Geraes. Petals yellow. Stigmas capitate. 32 O. STENOPHY'LLÀ (Zucc. in act. acad. monach. 9. ex
Melilot-like Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 foot.
Spreng. syst. append. p. 186.) stem simple, suffruticose ; leaflets
25 O. EUPHORBIONDES (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 113.) stem linear, acutish, hairy ; peduncles terminal, solitary, elongated,
suffruticose, pubescent, clammy; leaflets unequally stalked, many-flowered; styles longer than the stamens. K.S. Native
ñ.s.
smooth, obtuse, usually retuse, lower ones ovate, the rest linear; of Brazil. 0. linearis, Zucc. in act. acad. monach. vol. 9.
peduncles bifid, 7-flowered ; styles intermediate ; cells of ovary Narrow-leafletted Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 foot.
3-seeded.
K. S. Native of Brazil in the province of Minas
Geraes. Petals orange-yellow. Stigmas capitate, 2-lobed.
§ 2. Subaphylla. Petioles dilated, flat, but nearly leafless.
Euphorbia-like Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 foot.
33 O. LEPTÓPODES; petioles dilated, linear, sometimes termi-
26 O. NIGRE'SCENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 113.) stem suffruti- nated by a small leaflet; peduncles long; umbels bifid. h.S.
cose, leafy, flattened at the apex, rather pilose; leaflets un- Native of Peru. (v. s. in herb. Lamb.)
equally stalked, very smooth, lower ones ovate or ovate-oblong, Narrow-petioled Wood-sorrel. Shrub 4 foot.
upper ones oblong, uppermost ones usually linear ; petioles pu- 34 O. FRUTICÒsa (Radi. mem. ital. vol. 18. p. 401.) stem
bescent above; peduncles bifid; flowers racemose ; cells of ovary suffruticose, branched ; petioles dilated, flat, lanceolate-linear,
3-seeded. h.S. Native of Brazil in that part of the province acute at both ends, nearly leafless; peduncles axillary, very
of Minas Geraes called Minas Novas. Roots black, horizontal. short, bifid ; pedicels subfasciculate; stamens all longer than
Margins of leaflets usually blackish. Petals orange-yellow. the pistils; cells of
h. S. Native of Brazil
Stigmas capitate. Styles intermediate.
in woods near Rio Janeiro. Petals yellow. Stigmas capitate.
Var. B, linearifolia (St. Hil. 1. c.) stem 4 inches high ; leaflets Shrubby Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
all linear, narrow, channelled, with the middle nerve usually 35 O. SALICIFORMIS (Mik. ex Spreng. syst. append. 184.)
pilose.
stem much branched; branches twiggy; petioles leafy, scat-
Blackish-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, Sept. Shrub to tered; peduncles elongated, bifid, racemose ; styles very short.
1 foot.
h.S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow.
27 O. SAXA'TILIS (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 114.) stem shrubby, Willow-formed Wood-sorrel. Shrub ] foot.
leafy ; leaves in whorls, trifoliate ; leaflets unequally stalked, 36 O. BUPLEURIFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 117.) stem suf-
small
, obovately-orbicular, very obtuse ; peduncles nearly equal fruticose, simple, densely leafy at the apex ; petioles usually
in length with the leaves, shortly bifid, 5-flowered; stamens all leafless, dilated, flat, oblong-lanceolate, acute, tapering at the
longer than the pistils; cells of ovary 1-seeded. h.s. Native base ; peduncles axillary, flattened, bifid ; stamens smooth, much
ovary 1-seeded.
5 D2

756
OXALIDEÆ. III. OXALIS.
a
4
longer than the pistils; styles hispid ; cells of ovary 1-seeded. a little larger than those of 0. stricta, with which it is generally
h. S. Native of Brazil, not far from Rio Janeiro, in woods confounded.
at a place called Mato. Petals yellow. Stigmas capitate.
Dillenius's Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1798. Pl. ft.
Bupleurum-leaved Wood-sorrel. Shrub & foot.
45 0. STRICTA (Lin. spec. 624.) stem erect, leafy ; peduncles
umbelliferous, 2-6-flowered, rather shorter than the leaves;
§ 3. Corniculàtæ (from corniculàtus, horned ; shape of pods). leaflets obcordate ; petals entire ; styles about the length of the
D. C. prod. 1. p. 691. Stems not bulbous at base, herbaceous, inner stamens. 4. H. Native of North America in cultivated
rarely suffruticose, leafy. Peduncles 2 or many-flowered, rarely grounds, from Pennsylvania to Carolina. Jacq. oxal. no. 9. t.
1-flowered. Leaves trifoliate ; leaflets sessile or subsessile, usually 4. 0. ambígua, Sal. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 242. t. 23. f. 4. Root
obcordate.
creeping. Flowers yellow, about the size of those of 0. corni-
* Stems erect.
culàta. Browne says this plant is also a native of Jamaica ; he
recommends it as a pleasant cooler and diuretic, and says that
37 O. PEDUNCULA'RIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. 5. p. 239.)
5
it was formerly administered in inflammatory cases, but has
stem simple, fleshy, leafy; peduncles very long, trifid at apex, been little used since the more agreeable acid fruit-trees have
many-flowered ; leaflets roundish, or ovate-elliptical, pubescent been so much cultivated in the West Indies. Plant hairy.
beneath ; styles intermediate. 2. S. Native of South Ame- Strict Wood-sorrel. Fl. June, Oct. Clt. 1658. Pl. foot.
rica on the mountains about Quito, in temperate places near 46 O. TORTUÒSA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1249.) stem fleshy, scaly ;
Mira, and in the valley of the river Chambo. Peduncles 7 or 8 leaflets linear, obtuse, pilose beneath; flowers umbellate;
;
inches long. Flowers orange or copper-coloured. Roots fibrous. pedicels and petioles twisted, fleshy.
pedicels and petioles twisted, fleshy. 4. G. Native of Chili.
Long-peduncled Wood-sorrel. Pl.foot.
Petals yellow, usually bordered with red. Styles and stamens
38 0. LA'XA (Hook. bot. Beech. voy. p. 13.) stem simple, equal. Ovary many-seeded.
leafy, short ; leaflets broad, obcordate, ciliated, with a few Twisted Wood-sorrel. Fl. June. Clt. 1826.
Clt. 1826. Pl. I foot.
hairs above, but densely clothed beneath; petioles pilose; pe-
47 O. HAENKEA'NA (Spreng. syst. app. p. 186.) stem erect,
duncles pilose, twice the length of the petioles, bearing a loose leafy; leaflets obovate, emarginate, smooth ; peduncles bifid,
panicle of flowers at the apex ; sepals pilose, very narrow-lan- many-flowered, racemose, longer than the leaves; styles shorter
ceolate. 4. F. Native of Chili at Conception.
than the stamens. 4? G. Native of Peru. O, melilotoides,
Loose-panicled Wocd-sorrel. Pl. I foot.
Zuccar. in act. monac. ex Spreng. Flowers yellow? This plant
39 O. PUBE'SCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. probably belongs to section 1. Hedysarożdea.
239.) stem erect, branched at the base, clothed with soft pubes- Haenk's Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1, foot.
cence; peduncles bifid at the apex, many-flowered, longer than 48 O. ARRACA'CHA; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets præmose, on
the petioles ; leaflets roundish-obovate, emarginate, pubescent on long footstalks ; stipulas large ; peduncles few-flowered. h.G.
both surfaces, as well as the calyxes and petioles ; styles longer, Native of Chili. Petals yellow, small.
or equal in length to the stamens. 4. G. Native of Peru on Arracacha Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
the mountains. Root fibrous. Flowers yellow ? Peduncles 3 49 O. ConorHìza (Jacq. ox. no. 6.) stem erect, leafy ;
CONORHÌZA (
or 4 inches long
peduncles longer than the leaves, 2-flowered ; leaflets obcordate ;
Pubescent Wood-sorrel. Pl. I foot.
roots turbinate. 2. S. Native of Paraguay in South Ame-
40 O. LEPTOPHY'LLA; shrubby, erect, hairy ; lateral leaf- rica in the vast plains to the northward of the River Plate.-
lets distant, sessile, lanceolate, and emarginate, middle one Feuill. per. 2. p. 723. t. 24. Flowers large, yellow.
lanceolate, on a long petiole ; peduncles axillary, 1-2-flowered, Cone-rooted Wood-sorrel. Pl. foot.
about the length of the leaves. . F. Native of Chili. 50 O. RÒSEA (Jacq. ox. no. 5.) stem erect, fleshy, leafy ;
0. radicans, Ruiz et Pav, mss. in herb. Lamb. Root creeping.
Root creeping. peduncles bifid, corymbosely-racemose at the apex, 4-times
Slender-leaved Wood-sorrel. Pl. foot.
longer than the leaves ; leaflets obcordate. 41. F. Native of
41 O. CRENATA (Jacq. ox. no. 7.) stem erect, leafy ; pedun- Chili in moist places about Conception. Feuill. obs. 2. p. 23.
cles umbelliferous, 5-6-flowered, longer than the leaves; leaflets 0. racemosa, Savig. in Lam. dict. 4. p. 684. 0. floribunda,
obovate; petals crenated. O. F. Native of Peru.-Feuill. Lindl. bot. reg. 1123. but not of Lehm. Petals rose-coloured,
per. 3. p. 49. t. 24.
p
49. t. 24. Flowers yellow, striped with purple. This crenated at the apex. Styles longer than the stamens.
plant is cultivated about Lima in gardens, and is used as sorrel. Var. ß; flowers smaller ; petals hardly lined, red, entire at
Root spindle-shaped.
the apex. Sims, bot. mag. 2415.
Crenated-petalled Wood-sorrel. Pl. 2 feet.
Rose-coloured-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Mar. April. Clt.
42 O. PERE'NNANS (Haw. misc. 181.) stem erect, leafy, flex- 1823. Pl. to 1 foot.
uous ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, rather longer than the petioles ; 51 O. CÆSPITÒSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 122.) stem suffruti-
leaflets obcordately 2-lobed, ciliated; styles a little longer than cose, very short, leafy ; leaves tufted ; leaflets unequally and
the inner stamens. 4. G. Native of New Holland. Flowers shortly stalked, obcordate, ciliated; petioles rather dilated at
fulvous outside, yellow inside.
the base, pilose; peduncles pubescent, 1-flowered, longer than
Perennial Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, Sept. Clt.? Pl. 2 feet. the leaves ; stamens all shorter than the styles, which are very
43 O. VERTICILLA'TA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. long, joined together beyond the middle; cells of ovary 4-
prod. 1. p. 691.) stem erect, simple, smooth ; leaves 3 or 4 in seeded. h. s. Native of Brazil in the southern part of the
a whorl ; leaflets obcordate ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, length of province of St. Paul. Stems erect or ascending, hardly 2 inches
petioles. 4. G. Native of Mexico ? Cultivated in the gardens high. Petals yellow, entire, or emarginate.
of St. Angelo. Flowers yellow.
capitate.
Whorled-leaved Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
Tufted Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Shrub 3 inches.
44 O. DILLE'NII (Jacq. ox. no. 8.) stem erect, leafy, rather 52 0. uísPIDA (Zucc. et Mart. act. mon. 9. ex Spreng. syst.
hairy; peduncles umbelliferous, usually twin, 5-6-flowered, append. p. 186.) stem erect, very short; leaflets obovate, emar-
longer than the leaves; leaflets obcordate; petals emarginate; ginate, hispid, as well as the stem; peduncles equal in length to
styles longer than the stamens. O. H. Native of Carolina.
the leaves, usually 3-flowered ; styles shorter than the stamens.
0. flòrida, Sal. prod. 322.-Dill. elth. 2. t. 221. Flowers yellow, 24? S. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow.
4
-
a
Stigmas small,

OXALIDEÆ. III. OXALIS.
757
a
Hispid Wood-sorrel. Pl. foot.
syst. append. p. 185.) stem short, erect, hairy; leaflets obcor-
53 O. CINERA CEA (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 123.) stem suffruti- dately 2-lobed, hairy; peduncles exceeding the length of the
cose, very short, leafy ; leaves much crowded, cinereous; leaflets leaves; styles very long. 21. G. Native of Brazil.
nearly sessile, small, obcordate, pilose on both surfaces; petioles Sternberg's Wood-sorrel. Pl. } foot.
dilated at the base, villous as well as the peduncles, which are 62 O. CONFERTÍSSIMA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 122. t. 24.) stem
1-flowered, and longer than the leaves ; petals emarginate; suffruticose, decumbent ; branches erect, leafy; leaves small,
stamens all shorter than the pistils ; styles very long, connected very much crowded ; leaflets sessile, obovately elliptical, hardly
at the base : cells of ovary 5-seeded. h. S. Native of Brazil emarginate, pilose on both surfaces, with very villous margins;
;
in the province of Cisplatine. Stem scaly at the base. Petals peduncles axillary, 1-flowered ; flowers usually nodding; sta-
yellow. Stigmas oblong, obtuse.
mens shorter than the pistils; cells of ovary 5-seeded. h.s.
Grey Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Shrub 2 inches.
Native of Brazil in the province of Minas Geraes, on the moun-
54 O. SQUAMA'TA (Zucc. in act. monach. ex Spreng. syst. tains called Serra do Propagaio. Petals entire, yellow. Stigmas
append. p. 186.) stem erect, leafy, dwarf, scaly ; leaflets obcor- bifid, pencilied. Stems sometimes rooting under-ground.
dately 2-lobed, smooth ; peduncles axillary, dichotomous, many- Very-crowded Wood-sorrel. Fl. Mar. Shrub decumbent.
flowered. 4. F. Native of Chili. Flowers yellow.
63 0. LOTOÌDES (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
Scaly Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
241.) stems procumbent; branches clothed with long hairs;
** Stems ascending, prostrate, or diffuse.
peduncles longer than the petioles, 3-4-flowered; leaflets roundish-
obovate, emarginate, beset with close-pressed hairs, margins
55 O. CRASSICAU'LIS (Zucc. in act. monach. ex Spreng. syst. villous, rather glaucous beneath ; petioles pilose ; calyxes pubes-
append. p.186.) stem ascending, fleshy; leaflets obcordate, pubes- cent; styles intermediate. 24. G. Native of South America
cent beneath ; stipulas lanceolate, acute, ciliated ; peduncles elon- on Mount Quindiu. Flowers yellow ?
gated, umbelliferous, few-flowered. 2. G. Native of Peru. Lotus-like Wood-sorrel. Pl. procumbent.
Flowers yellow.
64 O. PALUDÒSA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 121.) stem suffruti-
Thick-stemmed Wood-sorrel. Pl. { foot.
cose, prostrate, angularly compressed, very smooth ; leaves ter-
56 O. LATERIFLÓRA (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 2. p. 41. t. 204.) nately-verticillate and solitary ; leaflets sessile, smoothish, ob-
.
stem ascending, a little branched, naked at the base ; peduncles cordate; petioles stipulaceously-dilated at the base ; peduncles
lateral, umbellate at top; leaflets cuneated, emarginately 2-lobed; axillary, 1-flowered; styles intermediate ; cells of ovary 3-
styles shorter than the outer stamens. 4. G. Native of the seeded. h.S. Native of Brazil in the province of Rio Grande
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purple ; filaments hispid. do Sul in marshes. Petals entire, yellow, marked each with 6
Lateral-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Mar. April.
Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1824. dark-purple lines at the base. Styles hairy. Stigmas capitate.
Pl. foot.
Marsh Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Shrub prostrate.
57 O. REFRACTA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 119.) stem diffuse, 65 O. MEDICAGÍNEA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
pilose ; leaflets hairy, obcordate, sessile, ciliated, acute at the 241.) stems branched, procumbent, smooth; peduncles very
base; peduncles hairy, exceeding the length of the leaves, 2-3- long, bifid at apex, 4-12-flowered ; leaflets obovate, emarginate,
cleft, umbelliferous ; fruit-bearing pedicels refracted ; stamens ciliated, smooth above, pubescent beneath ; petioles smoothish;
all longer than the pistils; cells of ovary 4-seeded. 4.S. Na- calyx smooth ; styles intermediate. 4. S. Native of New
tive of Brazil on the mountains called Serra-Aspro near the Granada Flowers white.
town of Rocha. Petals yellow. Stigmas jagged.
Medik-like Wood-sorrel. Pl. procumbent.
Var. ß, débilis (St. Hil. 1. c.) stems weaker; hairs slenderer 66 O. AMA'RA (St. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 119.) hairy ; stem suf-
and less numerous.
fruticose, prostrate ; leaflets sessile, obcordate, villous, hispidly
Refracted-pedicelled Wood-sorrel. Pl. diffuse.
ciliated ; peduncles axillary, 1-2-flowered, longer than the
leaves; flowers large ; stamens all longer than the pistils; cells
*** Stems decumbent.
of ovary 1-seeded. h. S. Native of Brazil in the province
58 O. LYÒNI (Pursh, fl. sept. amer. 1. p. 323.) the whole of Rio Grande do Sul. Petals yellow, denticulated. Stigmas
plant clothed with silky villi; stem branched, decumbent; pe- "small, capitate.
duncles 2-3-flowered, longer than the petioles ; leaflets obcor- Bitter Wood-sorrel. Fl. spring. Shrub prostrate.
dately 2-lobed; petals wedge-shaped; capsules downy, twice the 67 O. LUPULÍNA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 241.)
p
length of the lanceolate calyx. 4. H. Native of North stems filiform, procumbent, a little branched, smoothish ; pe-
America on Cumberland Island, Georgia. Flowers yellow. duncles 1-3-flowered ; leaflets roundish-obovate, emarginately
Lyon's Wood-sorrel. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1816.
Clt. 1816. Pl. decumb. 2-lobed, and are as well as the calyxes smooth; styles very
59 O. MICROPHY'LLA (Poir. suppl. 4. p. 248.) smoothish; long. 4. S. Native of New Granada in cold places near Al-
stems procumbent; peduncles 2-flowered, longer than the pe- maguer. Flowers yellow.
tioles ; leaflets 2-lobed, obcordate; petals wedge-shaped ; siliques Wolf Wood-sorrel. Pl. procumbent.
puberulous ; styles length of inner stamens. O. H. Native
**** Stems creeping or reptant.
of New Holland. O. rubens, Haw. misc. p. 183. Flowers
small, yellow.
68 0. VILLÒSA (Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 355.) plant villous; stem
Small-leaved Wood-sorrel. Clt.? Pl. procumbent.
creeping, branched ; peduncles 2-flowered, longer than the
60 O. MYRIOPHY'LLA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 121.) stem suf- petioles ; leaflets obcordate; styles length of inner stamens.
0.
fruticose, prostrate, leafy ; leaves small, in fascicles ; leaflets O. H. Native of Iberia. This species is very like O. corni-
sessile, deeply obcordate, villous; peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, culàta, and probably only a variety. Flowers yellow.
and are as well as the petioles covered with soft hairs ; larger
Villous Wood-sorrel. Pl. creeping.
stamens villous, all shorter than the styles ; cells of ovary 1- 69 O. CORNICULA'TA (Lin. spec. 624.) stem decumbent,
seeded. h.s. Native of Brazil in the province of St. Paul. branched, rooting ; peduncles somewhat umbellate, shorter than
Petals denticulated, yellow. Stigmas tuberculately capitate. the petioles ; leaflets obcordate ; petals emarginate ; styles length
Thousand-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Feb. Sh. prostrate.
of inner stamens. 4. H. Native of Europe, particularly in
61 O. STERNBE’rgiI (Zucc. in act. monach. 9. ex Spreng. Spain, Sicily, Italy, Greece, Austria, Switzerland, and England
,
;

758
OXALIDEÆ. III. OXALIS.
a
4
in Devonshire, as well as of Japan, Teneriffe, Bourbon, Caribbee
* * * * * Stem climbing.
Islands, Mexico, and of North America from Canada to Caro-
77 O. SCA'NDENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 241.)
lina, in cultivated ground. Smith, engl. bot. t. 1726. Jacq. ox.
no. 10. t. 5. O. pusilla, Sal. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 243. t. 23.
stem branched, climbing ; peduncles elongated, dichotomously
f. 5. Stipulas united to the base of the petioles. Flowers yellow, 4-cleft, many-flowered ; leaflets obovate, emarginate, smooth
f
,
those of the North American plant are larger than the European. above, hairy-pubescent beneath ; petioles villous ; calyxes
smooth; styles very long. 4. v. S. Native of South Ame-
Horned Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, Oct. Brit. Pl. decumbent.
70 O. Mollis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 241.)
rica on Mount Quindiu. Flowers yellow, larger than those of
0. acetosella.
stems branched, creeping, and are as well as the petioles clothed
with soft villi ; peduncles bifid at apex, few-flowered, longer
Climbing Wood-sorrel. Pl. climbing.
than the petioles ; leaflets obovate, emarginate, pubescent, hoary
beneath ; calyxes puberulous; styles intermediate. 2. S. Na-
§ 4. Sessilifòlia (from sessilis, sessile, and folium, a leaf;
tive of South America on the Andes about Popayan near Alma-
leaves sessile). D. C. prod. 1. p. 693. Stems bulbous at the base,
guer. Flowers yellow.
elongated, with scattered leaves, villous. Leaves sessile, trifoliate,
Soft Wood-sorrel. Pl. creeping.
villous, never bearing glands. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered.
71 0. A’LBICANS (H. B. et Kunth, nov.gen. amer. 5. p. 241.) 78 O. MACRO'STYLIS (Jacq. ox. no. 22. t. 9.) stem erect, leafy,
stems tufted, branched, creeping, puberulous; peduncles 1-2- branched; peduncles much longer than the leaves ; bracteas
flowered, equal in length with the petioles ; leaflets obcordately approaching the calyx ; leaflets linear-cuneated, emarginate ;
2-lobed, a little glaucous, edged with violet, puberulous beneath styles longer than the inner stamens. 2. G. Native of the
as well as the calyxes and petioles; styles very long. 4. G. Cape of Good Hope. Flowers with a long tube, purplish, with
Native of Mexico near Moran. O. cinerea, Zucc. Flowers dirty-yellow claws, and yellowish on the under side. Bulb the
yellow.
size of a hazel-nut.
Var. B, sericea (D. C. prod. 1. p. 693.) whole plant silky and Long-styled Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1793. Pl.
hoary. 4. G. Native of Quito near Llactagunga.
1 to foot.
Whitish Wood-sorrel. Pl. creeping.
79 O. TUBIFLORA (Jacq. ox. no. 23. t. 10.) stem erect, rather
72 O. PILOSIU'SCULA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. branched; peduncles 4-times longer than the leaves ; bracteoles
241.) stems branched, creeping at the base, and are as well as pressed to the calyx ; leaflets linear-wedge-shaped, blunt ; styles
petioles pilose; peduncles pubescent, 1-flowered ; leaflets ob- shorter than the outer stamens. 2. G. Native of the Cape
cordate, ciliated, clothed with close-pressed hairs beneath ; ca- of Good Hope. Flowers with a long tube, purplish, yellowish
lyxes puberulous. 4. S. Native of New Spain near the outside as well as the claws. Bulb the size of a hazel-nut,
town of Caraccas. Flowers yellow.
brown.
Pilose Wood-sorrel. Pl. creeping.
Tube-flowered Wood-sorrel. Clt. 1790. Pl. į to foot.
73 O. FILIFÓRMIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 80 O. CANE'SCENS (Jacq. ox. no. 24. t. 11.) stem erect, a lit-
245. t. 469.) stems filiform, creeping, branched, smooth; pe- tle branched, leafy; peduncles twice as long as the leaves ; brac-
duncles 1-flowered, longer than the petioles ; leaflets roundish- teas approximating the calyx ; leaflets wedge-shaped, somewhat
obovate, emarginately 2-lobed, with pilose edges, puberulous emarginate ; styles shorter than the outer stamens.
beneath ; petioles pubescent; calyx ciliated; styles very long. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers with a long tube,
4. S. Native of New Granada on the Andes near Guada. pale-purplish, with yellowish claws. Bulb from the size of a
O. nematodes, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 429. Flowers yellow.
pea to that of a hazel-nut.
Filiform Wood-sorrel. Pl. creeping.
Hoary Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1821. Pl. I foot.
74 0. PARVIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 693.) stems branched, 81 O. SECU'NDA (Jacq. ox. 68. t. 12.) stem declinate, branched,
creeping, smooth ; branchlets leafy ; peduncles 1-flowered, leaf- leafy ;
leafy ; branches leaning to one side ; leaflets linear-wedge-
lets roundish-obovate, emarginately 2-lobed, ciliated, covered shaped ; pedicels hardly exceeding the leaves in length; styles
with close-pressed hairs on both surfaces ; petioles and calyxes intermediate. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
pubescent; styles very long. 4. S. Native of South America Flowers with a long tube, lilac. Filaments smooth. Bulb brown,
in the kingdom of Quito and at Conception in Chili. 0. micro- size of a hazel-nut.
phylla, H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 245. but not of Secund-branched Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1790.
Poir. This species is very like O. filiformis. Flowers yellow. Pl. 1 foot long.
Small-leaved Wood-sorrel. Pl. creeping.
82 O. HI'RTA (Lin. spec. 628.) stem erect, a little branched,
75 O. RE'PENS (Thunb. ox. no. 11. t. 1. f. 5.) stem leafy, leafy ; leaflets linear-wedge-shaped, retuse; peduncles much
branched, prostrate, rooting ; peduncles usually 2-flowered, longer than the leaves ; bracteoles remote from the calyx ; styles
length of petioles, pilose ; leaflets obcordate, nearly sessile, longer than the inner stamens; stamens toothless and glandless.
ciliated ; styles intermediate ; stamens smooth; capsule pubes- 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers lilac, with
cent. 2. S. Native of Ceylon, Madagascar, Brazil, and the a yellow bottom, and a short tube. Jacq. ox. no. 26. t. 13.-
Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. ox. no. 11. t. 78. f. 1. 0. stricta, Burm. afr. 70. t. 28. f. 1. Bulb brown, about the size of a
Houtt. pfi. syst. 6. t. 51. f. 2. Flowers yellow.
hazel-nut.
Repent Wood-sorrel. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1793. Pl. Var. B, brévipes (D. C. prod. 1. p. 694.) peduncles hardly
creeping.
longer than the leaves.
76 O. SE'RPENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 120.) stem filiform, Hairy-stemmed Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1787.
creeping, leafy; leaflets sessile, obcordate, hardly emarginate, Pl. Å foot.
rather villous, ciliated ; peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the 83 O. HIRTE'LLA (Jacq. ox. no. 27. t. 14.) stem erect, a little
leaves, smoothish ; styles shorter than the stamens; cells of branched, leafy ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, acutish; peduncles
ovary 5-seeded. 2. S. Native of Brazil in the province of very long ; bracteoles remote from the calyx ; styles longer than
St. Paul. Petals entire, deep yellow. Stigmas many-parted. the inner stamens ; outer stamens with gibbous toothlets; hairs
Capsule globose, rather villous.
of stamens glandular. 2. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Creeping Wood-sorrel. Pl. creeping,
Hope. Flowers pale-lilac, with a yellow bottom, outside dirty-
21. G.
4

OXALIDEÆ. III. OXALIS.
759
a
spec. 2.
4. G.
yellow, with a short tube. 0. sessilifòlia, Lin. mant. 241. 0. Flesh-coloured-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. April, June. Clt.
hírta B, Willd.
p.
705. Bulb brown, about the size of 1739. Pl. { foot.
a hazel-nut.
91 O. DISTICHA (Jacq. ox. no. 31. t. 18.) stem branched at
Hirsute-stemmed Wood-sorrel. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1823. the base, ascending, smooth, leafy ; leaves scattered, stalked ;
Pl. Į to foot.
petioles with winged stipulas; leaflets 3, obcordate; peduncles
81 O. MULTIFLÒRA (Jacq. ox. no. 28. t. 15.) stem erect, leafy, longer than the leaves ; styles intermediate ; filaments toothed.
much branched ; leaflets linear wedge-shaped, blunt ; peduncles 2. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pale-yel-
much longer than the leaves ; bracteoles remote from the calyx; low, but of a dusky-yellow within. Bulb brown, an inch long,
styles shorter than the outer stamens. 4. G. Native of the tapering.
Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 472.
.
Corolla lilac, Distich-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1818. Pl.
campanulate, yellowish outside, as well as the claws. Bulb
foot.
brown, larger than a hazel-nut.
92 0. VENÒSA (Sav. in Lam. dict. 4. p. 681.) stem erect,
Many-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Feb. March. Cit. 1789. hairy, simple, leafy ; lower leaves on short stalks, scattered,
Pl. 1 to z foot.
upper ones on long stalks, somewhat whorled ; leaflets cuneated,
85 0. RUBEʼLLA (Jacq. ox. no. 29. t. 16.) stem erect, leafy, emarginate, hispid beneath ; stipulas awl-shaped ; peduncles
branched ; leaflets linear-cuneated; peduncles much longer than longer than the leaves.
2. G. Native of the Cape of Good
the leaves ; bracteas rather remote from the calyx ; styles inter- Hope. Corolla veined, violet, with a yellow tube. Root bulbous.
mediate. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla Veiny-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Pl. į foot.
purplish, campanulate, with yellowish claws. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 93 O. EBRACTEA'TA (Sav, in Lam. dict. 4. p. 682.) stem sim-
471. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1031.-Burm. afr. 71. t. 28. f. 2. ple, erect, hairy, leafy at the top ; leaves stalked ; leaflets 3 ?
Bulb brown, about the size of a hazel-nut..
oblong, obcordate, with the margin and rib beset with glandular
Reddish-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1791. hairs; peduncles without bracteas, length of petioles.
Pl. 2 foot.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. This is
86 O. FU'LGIDA (Lindl. bot. reg. 1073.) stem short, decum- probably the same as 0. disticha.
bent, branched ; leaflets linear, sessile, acute ; peduncles much Bractless Wood-sorrel. Pl. { foot.
higher than the leaves ; bracteas approaching the calyx; styles 94 O. HETEROPHY’LLA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 694.) villous ; stem
very long. 2. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals erect, branched at the base ; lower leaves sessile ; leaflets 3,
beautiful, purple. This plant is very like 0. rubélla, but differs obcordate, upper ones on long stalks, with 2-parted leaflets;
in being smooth.
peduncles longer than the petioles, with 2 bracteas in the middle;
Fulgid Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Nov. Pl. 1 foot.
styles very short; root fibrous. 2. G. Native of the Cape of
87 O. ROSA'CEA (Jacq. ox. no. 30. t. 17.) stem decumbent, Good Hope ? Flowers purple.
simple, leafy ; leaflets oblong, wedge-shaped ; peduncles much Variable-leaved Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
longer than the leaves ; bracteas distant from the flower ; styles 95 0. QUINA'TA (Sav. in Lam. dict. 4. p. 688.) stem ascend-
intermediate. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. ing, leafy on the upper part, on long stalks ; leaflets 5, wedge-
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1698. Plant canescent. Corolla deep red, shaped, somewhat emarginate ; peduncles longer than the petioles,
but pale outside, with yellowish claws. Bulb brown, smaller than with 2 bracteas on the middle of each. 4. G. Native of the
a hazel-nut.
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish, with a yellow tube.
Rose-coloured-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. Quinate-leaved Wood-sorrel. Pl. Z foot.
1793. Pl. prostrate.
.
§ 6. Caprìnæ (from caprinus, of a goat; some species have
85. Cauliflòræ (from caulis, a stem, and flos, a flower). D. C.
bifid leaflets, which have been compared to the foot of a goat).
prod. 1. p. 694. Stems elongated, with scattered leaves. Leaves,
D. C.prod. 1. p. 675. Stemless or with a naked stipe, furnished
only upper ones stalked, with 3-5-leaflets. Peduncles axillary, 1-
flowered. The species of this section are very dissimilar in habit. flowered. Leaves radical
, with the number of leaflets variable,
with a few leaves at the top. Scape many-flowered, rarely 1-2-
Roots bulbous.
. ,
but usually 3, with the leaflets sessile or subsessile, obcor-
88 O. VIRGI'NEA (Jacq. hort. schonbr. 3. t. 275.) stem erect, date or subobcordate. Cells of ovary 4-12-seeded. Roots bulbous
leafy, a little branched ; leaves stalked ; leaflets 3, lateral ones
or tuberous.
oblong, middle one obovately-cuneated; pedicels shorter than
the leaves; styles intermediate; filaments toothless, hispid.
* Leaflets above three.
2. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white. 96 0. DECAPHY'LLA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
Virgin Wood-sorrel Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1820. Pl. I foot. 238. t. 468.) stemless ; leaflets 8-10, wedge-shaped, bifid at
89 O. REPTA'TRIX (Jacq. ox. no. 33. t. 20.) stem erect, short, the apex, a little ciliated, smooth ; scapes 5-14-flowered, longer
leafy ; leaves on long stalks ; leaflets 3, obovate-roundish; pe- than the leaves ; sepals blunt, with two spots at the top of each ;
duncles longer than the leaves; styles very short; filaments stamens equal among themselves, but one-half longer than the
toothed, glandular, 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. styles. 2. G. Native of Mexico, near the rock called El
Flowers with a pale flesh-coloured border, and yellowish tube. Peñon. Flowers violaceous, about the size of those of 0.
Root creeping, emitting bulbs.
strícta.
Crawling-rooted Wood-sorrel. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1795. Ten-leafletted Wood-sorrel. Pl. foot.
Pl. į foot.
97 O. HERNADE'SII (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D.C.
90 O. INCARNA'TA (Lin. spec. 622.) stem erect, branched, prod. 1. p. 695.) stemless; leaflets 9-11, oblong, villous ; scape
smooth, leafy ; leaves stalked, several at remote distances, in umbelliferous, 6-flowered, longer than the leaves. 21. G, Na-
whorls ; leaflets 3, obcordate; peduncles length of leaves; styles tive of Mexico.—Hern. mex. 386. f. 3. Flowers erect, pale-
very long; stamens toothed.
4. G. Native of the Cape of violet.
Good Hope. Jacq. hort. vind. t. 71. O'xys. Comm. hort. 1. Hernadez's Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
p. 43. t. 22. Flowers pale flesh-coloured. Root of 2 or 3 fusi- 98 O. BURMA’NNI (Jacq. ox. no. 20.) stem very short, leafy
form legs. Stem weak, purple.
at the top; leaflets 5-6, lanceolate, smooth ; scape umbelliferous, ,
1
a

760
OXALIDEÆ. III. OXALIS.
2. G.
.
.
21. H.
张
​;
4. G.
4. G.
mas.
7-8-flowered, longer than the leaves. 21. G. Native of the Autumnal Wood-sorrel. Fl. autumn. Pl. į foot.
Cape of Good Hope.—Burm. afr. t. 29. Flowers yellow.
107 O. NUDIFLÓRA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C.
Burmann's Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. prod. 1. p. 695.) stemless; scapes and petioles pilose ; leaflets
99 0. TETRAPHY’LLA (Cav. icon. 3. t. 237.) stemless ; leaf- 3, obcordate; flowers 5-6 umbellate, destitute of an involucre.
lets 4, rarely 3, obcordate, smooth, rather glaucous beneath ;
;
Native of Mexico in fields. Flowers erect, violaceous,
peduncles umbelliferous, 3-10-flowered; styles very long. 4. G. but when in bud nodding.
Native of Mexico. Corolla of a purplish-violet colour.
Naked-flowered Wood-sorrel. Pl. | foot.
Four-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Pl. 4 ft. 108 0. viola'CEA (Lin. spec. 621.) stemless; leaflets 3, ob-
100 O. DE'PPEI (Lodd. bot. cab. 1500. Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. cordate, smooth, red underneath ; scape umbelliferous, 3-9-
96.) stemless ; leaflets 4, large, obcordate, pilose, glaucous be- flowered; flowers erectish, with a short involucre; styles shorter
neath, on short petioles; petioles densely pilose; umbels many- than the outer stamens ; sepals callose at the apex.
flowered ; scape and petioles loosely pilose; styles intermediate, Native of North America from New England to Carolina, in
villous; stamens unequal, alternate ones each with an appen- shady woods on the sides of hills in fertile soil. Jacq. hort.
dage. 2. F. Native of Mexico. Bulb large, scaly, like those vind. t. 180. ox. no. 14. t. 80. f. 2. Flowers pink-coloured.
of a Lilium. Petals of a coppery-red colour.
Stamens hairy. Bulb fusiform, black.
Deppe's Wood-sorrel. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1827. Pl. 4 ft.
. Violet-coloured-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, Sept. Clt.
** Leaflets 3, obcordate or emarginate.
1772. Pl. 4, foot.
109 O. BILOBA ; stemless ; leaflets 3, 2-lobed ; lobes spread-
101 O. SERICEA (Lin. fil. suppl. 245.) stemless; leaflets 3, ing;
ing; scape umbellate; flowers nodding. 4. G. Native of
obcordate, clothed with silky down ; scape umbelliferous, longer Peru. Petals apparently purplish. Root bulbous.
than the leaves; flowers nodding; styles intermediate.
Two-lobed-leafletted Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.-Jacq. ox. no. 13. t. 77. f. 110 O. E'LEGANS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
1. Corolla yellow.
234. t. 466.) stemless; leaflets 3, broad, roundish-obovate, emar-
Silky-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1794. Pl. I ft. ginate, violet-coloured on the under surface, and are, as well as
102 O. FLORIBU'NDA (Lehm. cat. sem. hort. hamb.) leaflets the petioles, smooth ; scapes very long, 2-6-flowered; sepals
3, roundish-obovate, deeply emarginate, hairy, leprous beneath acuminated, with two spots at the top of each; styles very long.
on the margins ; scape many-flowered; sepals obtuse, canes-
Native of Peru near Loxa. Flowers large, of a violet
cent; styles longer than the stamens, crowned by capitate stig- colour. Bulb solitary.
2. S. Native of Brazil. Root tuberous. Leaves radical. Elegant Wood-sorrel. Pl. į foot.
Flowers reddish, and painted with darker veins. Filaments and 111 0. JACQUINIA'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p.
styles bearded. Lehm. in act. bonn. 14. p. 813.
234.) stemless; leaflets 3, broad, roundish-obovate, somewhat
Bundle-flowered Wood-sorrel. Clt. 1827. Pl. foot. emarginately 2-lobed, and are, as well as the petioles, quite
103 O. BIPUNCTA'TA (Graham mss. in Hook. bot. mag. 2781.) smooth; scape 3-6-flowered ; sepals with two spots at the top of
stemless; leaflets 3, sessile, broadly obcordate, pubescent be- each ; styles very long. 4. G. Native of Mexico, near Real-
neath, smooth above; scape compressed, paniculately many- del-Monte. Flowers violet-coloured. Bulb solitary.
flowered, and are as well as the petioles pilose ; sepals bluntish, Jacquin's Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
bimaculate at the apex ; styles intermediate ; stigmas capitate ; 112 0. de'Bilis (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 234.)
petals truncate, unequally crenate. 4. S. Native of Brazil, stemless ; leaflets 3, subrotund, deeply emarginate, puberulous
about Rio Janeiro. Flowers lilac, with deeper veins.
beneath; scapes 6-flowered, bifid, and are as well as the petioles
Two-spotted-sepalled Wood-sorrel. Fl. April, May. Clt. hairy; sepals bluntish, each marked at the top with a spot ;
1826. Pl. I foot.
styles very long. 4. S. Native of New Spain between La
104 O. ARTICULA'TA (Sav. in Lam. dict. 4. p. 686.) stemless; Venta Grande and the city of Caraccas. Flowers violet-coloured,
leaflets 3, sessile, obcordate, somewhat truncate at the sides, and about the size of those of 0. acetosella. Bulbs tufted.
angularly-rounded at the apex, ciliated; petioles pilose ; scape Weak Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
villous, umbelliferous, 5-6-flowered; involucre very short, few- 113 0. SCHRADERIA'NA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5.
leaved ; calyxes bimaculate at the apex; cells of ovary 7-seed- p. 234.) stemless; leaflets 3, broad, roundish-obovate, emargi-
ed; styles intermediate. 2. S. Native of Monte Video, and nate, smooth; petioles rather pilose ; scapes smooth, 9-11-
of Brazil in the provinces of Rio Grande do Sul and St. Catha- flowered; sepals blunt, each marked with a spot at the apex;
rine. Root tuberous, granular. Petals crenulated, purple. styles equal in length to the shorter stamens.
2. G. Native
Jointed-rooted Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
of South America on mount Quindiu. Flowers violet-coloured,
105 O. MEGALORHÌZA (Jacq. ox. no. 12.) stemless ; leaflets 3, about the size of those of 0. stricta.
obcordate, violaceous on the under surface; scape umbelliferous, Schrader's Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
shorter than the leaves ; root thick, many edged. 2. G. Native 114 O. MI'NIMA (Ruiz et Pav. mss. in herb. Lamb,) root a
of Peru. O. bícolor, Sav. in Lam. dict. 4. p. 687.-Feuille, bulb, scaly; plant hairy; leaflets 3, sessile, triangularly emargi-
per. 2. p. 734. t. 25.
734. t. 25. Flowers yellow, with 3 red lines at the nate ; peduncles 1-flowered, not so long as the leaves.
base of each petal. Root 8 inches long, divided below into Native of Peru. Flowers rather large, apparently purple.
branching legs full of forks.
Least Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 to 2 inches.
Large-rooted Wood-sorrel. Pl. foot.
115 O. CARNÒsa (Mol. chil. ex Lindl. bot. reg. 1063.) stem
106 O. AUTUMNA'LIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 128.) stemless, short, scaly ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets nearly sessile, obcordate,
.
,
dwarf; bulb scaly, very woolly ; leaves small ; leaflets 3, sessile, fleshy, marked beneath with chrystalline dots;_scape 2-3 or
obovately-cuneated, smooth ; scape 1-flowered, longer than the many-flowered ; sepals triangular, flat.
Native of
leaves, smooth ; sepals linear, bluntish; stamens shorter than Chili at Conception. Hook. bot. mag. 2866.
Hook. bot. mag. 2866. Root fusiform.
the styles, very smooth; cells of ovary 9-seeded. 2. S. Native Petals obtuse, emarginate, sometimes denticulated, yellow. Mr.
of Brazil in the province of Rio Grande do Sul, upon the con- Collie says, that this is a very succulent plant, and is powerfully
fines of the province of St. Catharine. Petals entire, yellow. antiscorbutic.
Stigmas capitate.
Fleshy Wood-sorrel. Fl. Ap. Sep. Clt. 1825. Pl. 3-6 inches.
4. G.
21. F.

OXALIDEÆ. III. OXALIS.
761
;
116 0. LATIFÒLIA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 5. p. many-flowered; sepals smooth, linear, bluntish, spotted ; styles
234. t. 467.) stemless; leaflets 3, broad, somewhat deltoid, length of the stamens, or shorter ; cells of ovary 7-seeded. 2.
emarginately 2-lobed, ciliated, smooth; petioles puberulous ; S. Native of Brazil, in the western part of the province of
scapes 6-7-flowered ; sepals bluntish, each marked at the apex Minas Geraes, in marshes. O. papilionàcea, Willd. herb. Lodd.
by a spot; styles intermediate. 4. G. Native of Mexico near bot. cab. icon. Flowers purple, with nearly entire, smooth
Campeachy. Flowers violet-coloured, a little smaller than those petals. Stigmas subcapitate. Bulb ovate or oblong.
of the preceding. Bulb solitary.
Marsh Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
Broad-leaved Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
124 O. BIPARTI'TA (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 125. t. 25.) stem-
117 O. GRANDIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. I. p. 696.) stemless ; leaflets less; leaflets 3, sessile, 2-parted, smoothish, with the divisions
1
3, roundish-obovate, deeply emarginate, ciliated, puberulous
emarginate, ciliated, puberulous linear and diverging ; scape
linear and diverging ; scape dichotomously umbelliferous, many-
above, pubescent beneath; petioles pilose; scapes many-flow- flowered ; involucre small, 2-cleft; sepals linear, obtuse, bima-
ered ; sepals obtuse, each marked with a spot at the apex; styles culate at the base ; styles intermediate; cells of ovary 12-seeded.
very long. 4. S.
4. S. Native of New Andalusia, in humid shady 4. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Grande do Sul,
places on mount Cocollar. 0. macrophylla, H. B. et Kunth, frequent. Flowers red, with obtuse petals. Styles angular,
nov. gen. amer. 5. p. 234. but not of Hornem. Bulbs tufted. hairy, joined at the base. Root an obovate bulb.
Flowers white, about the size of those of 0. stricta.
Two-parted-leaved Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
Great-leaved Wood-sorrel. Pl. foot.
125 O. CAPRÌNA (Lin. spec. 622.) stemless ; leaflets 3, obcor-
118 O. LASIOPE'TALA (Zuccar. in act. monach. ex Spreng. syst. dately 2-lobed, smooth, somewhat ciliated; scape umbelliferous,
append. p. 184.) stemless; leaflets 3, obcordately 2-lobed, smooth 2-3-fowered ; flowers erect; styles very short. 2. G. Native
above, pubescent beneath; scape usually 3-flowered; petals of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers of a bluish flesh-colour,
pilose on the outside, as well as the margins; styles longer than with a yellow bottom. O. erécta, Savig. in Lam. dict. 4. p.
the stamens. 2. S. Native of Monte Video.
685. O. pes-càpræ, Lin. spec. 622. Bulb ovate, triangular.
Woolly-petalled Wood-sorrel. Pl. I foot.
Goat's-foot Wood-sorrel. Fl. March, June. Clt. 1757. PI.
119 O. RU'BRA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 124.) stemless ; leaflets & foot.
3, obcordate, smoothish, full of blackish dots; scape smoothish, 126 O. CEʻRNUA (Thunb. diss. ox. no. 12. t. 2. f. 2.) stem-
umbelliferous, 6-12-flowered; umbel simple, with a very short less or with a short stem; leaflets 3, obcordately 2-lobed,
involucre ; styles longer than the stamens; cells of ovary 4-5- smooth, or a little ciliated ; scape umbelliferous, many-flowered ;
seeded. 4. S. Native of Brazil, in the southern parts of the flowers at first drooping ; styles very short. 4. G. Native of
province of St. Paul, on the banks of rivulets. Flowers fine the Cape of Good Hope.—Mill. icon. t. 195. f. 1. Jacq. ox. no.
red. Petals smooth, entire. Stigmas small, capitate. Root 16. t. 6. 0. pes-càpræ, Savign. in Lam. dict. 4. p. 685.
tuberous, obovate or cylindrical.
Corolla yellow. Stamens smooth. This species is to be found
Red-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. March. Pl. 1 foot.
frequently in gardens under the name of 0. caprina. 0. caprina,
120 O. RUPE'STRIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 126.) stemless; Curt. bot. mag. t. 237. Bulbs issuing from the axils of the
leaflets 3, obcordate, sessile, pilose, ciliated, with rounded sides;
petioles hairy ; scape hairy, umbelliferous; umbels simple, in- Drooping-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1757.
volucrated ; sepals linear, acutish, spotted at the apex; petals' Pl. foot.
pilose ; styles shorter than the stamens; cells of ovary 6-seeded.
-
127 O. COMPRE'SSA (Jacq. ox. no. 19. t. 78. f. 3.) stemless;
2. G. Native of Brazil, on rocks in the mountains called Serra petioles flattish ; leaflets 3, obcordate, puberulous ; scape umbel-
,
de Villa Rica, in the province of Minas Geraes. Flowers rose- liferous, 2-flowered; sepals entire ; styles very long. 4. G.
coloured. Stigmas capitate. Root a bulb, about the size of a Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow.
hazel-nut.
Compressed-petioled Wood-sorrel.
Clt. 1794.
Rock Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Pl. 4 foot.
Pl. foot.
121 0. U'RBICA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 126.) stemless ; leaflets 128 0. DENTA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 17. t. 7.) nearly stemless ;
3, obcordate, pilose ; petioles hairy ; scape hairy; umbels com- leaflets 3, obcordate, smooth, a little ciliated; scape umbelli-
pound, involucrated, many-flowered ; sepals pilose, acutish, bi- ferous, 2-4-flowered; sepals 3-toothed at the apex, beset with
maculate at the apex ; styles intermediate ; cells of ovary 8- glands; styles very long. 4.G. Native of the Cape of Good
seeded.
4. S. Native of Brazil, very frequent on road sides Hope. Flowers pale flesh-coloured or pale purplish. Leaves
and on moist walls about Rio Janeiro. O. violácea, Savign. purple beneath.
ency. 4. p. 686. but not of Lin. Jacq. nor Michx. 0. Martiàna, Toothed-sepalled Wood-sorrel. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1793.
Zucc. in act. monach. ex Spreng. syst. append. p. 185.
. Flow- Pl. 1 foot.
ers purple, with entire petals. Bulb about the size of a hazel- 129 O. LI’VIDA (Jacq. ox. no. 18. t. 8.) stemless : leaflets 3,
nut, and bearing small bulbs in the axils of the lower leaves. obcordately 2-parted, of a livid-violet colour beneath ; scape um-
City Wood-sorrel. Pl. 4 foot.
belliferous, 2-flowered; styles intermediate. 2. G. Native of
122 0. TRIANGULA'RIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 128.) stemless ; the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers flesh-coloured, with yellowish
leaflets 3, on short petioles, large, triangular, hardly retuse,
claws.
silky-villous on both surfaces; petioles villous ; scape villous, Livid-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1793. Pl.ft.
umbelliferous, many-flowered; sepals oblong-linear, pilose; 130 O. Bòwil (Ait. mss.) stemless, hoary-pubescent; leaflets
styles very villous, shorter than the stamens; stigmas capitate, 3, obtuse; peduncles about equal in length to the leaves, um-
laciniately many-parted. 4.S. Native of Brazil, in the pro- belliferous. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Root
vince of Rio Janeiro, among rocks on the banks of the river bulbous. Flowers large, red. An elegant plant.
Uba. Flowers rose-coloured, with entire, smooth petals. Root
Bowie's Wood-sorrel
. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1824. Pl. ft.
a bulb.
131 O. PURPURA'TA (Jacq. hort. schonb. t. 356.) almost
Triangular-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Pl. foot. stemless ; leaflets 3, obcordate, ciliated, blood-coloured beneath ;
123 O. PALU'STRIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 127.) stemless; scape umbelliferous, 5-7-flowered ; styles very long. 2. G.
leaflets 3, truncately triangular, smoothish, with rounded sides Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white, or rather
petioles villous at the apex; scape umbelliferous, smoothish, pale flesh-coloured.
pale flesh-coloured. Stamens hardly connate.
Stamens hardly connate, Petioles round,
leaves.
Fl. year.
4.
3
VOL. I. -PART VIII.
5 E

762
OXALIDEÆ. III. OXALIS.
2.s.
a
Pl.
1
Purplish-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1822. Ciliated-leaved Wood-sorrel. Pl. į foot.
Pl. 4 foot.
141 0. VILLÒSA ; villous ; stem shrubby, erect; leaves simple,
;
132 O. MACROPHY’LLA (Horn. hort. hafn. 1. p. 428.) stemless; oblong-obovate, or cordate, mucronate ; petioles terete ; pedicels
leaflets 3, obcordate, smooth ; scape bifid, rather pilose, longer 1-flowered. Þ.G. Native of Mexico. Sepals acute.
than the leaves ; flowers drooping after expansion ; styles inter- Villous Wood-sorrel. Shrub { foot.
mediate. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
142 O. PRIMULÆFÒLIA (Raddi, mem. bras. add. p. 21.) stem-
Long-leaved Wood-sorrel. F1. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1820. Pl. 1 ft. less ; leaves oblong, obtuse, tapering to the base ; scapes many-
133 0. Li’BYCA (Viv. A. lib. ex Spreng. syst. 2. p. 426.) flowered, filiform, erectish.
Native of Brazil, in woods
stemless ; leaflets 3, obcordate, hairy ; scape umbelliferous, on the mountain called Mandiocca, near Rio Janeiro. This is an
many-flowered, longer than the leaves; flowers drooping ? styles intermediate plant between sections Simplicifòlia and Caprìna.
intermediate 4. G. Native of Cyrenaica. Flowers yellow? Primrose-leaved Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
1 / 2
Libyan Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
143 O. MONOPHY’LLA (Lin. mant. 241.) stemless ; leaves
134 O? GLOMERA'TA (Hook. bot. Beech. voy. p. 13.) stem- elliptical, obtuse; scape 1-flowered ; filaments smooth ; styles
less ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets linear; scape twice the length of intermediate, bearing glandular hairs. 4. G. Native of the
the elongated petioles; umbel many-flowered, capitate. 4. F. Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. ox, no. 35. t. 79. f. 3. Thunb. ox.
. .
Native of Chili, at Coquimbo. Flowers yellow. Sepals some- no. 1. t. 1. f. 1. Flowers about the size of those of 0. aceto-
what 3-toothed, about equal in length to the petals. Stamens 10. sélla, pale-purple, with yellowish claws. Root bulbous, hairy.
Stigmas 5.
One-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1774. Pl. ft.
Glomerate Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
144 0. LE'PIDA (Jacq. ox. no. 34. t. 21.) stemless ; leaves
135 O. CORYMBOSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 696.) stemless; leaflets obovate, somewhat retuse ; scape 1-flowered; styles very long,
3, smoothish, very broad, obcordate, rounded at both sides; and bear glandular hairs, as well as the stamens. 4. G. Native
scapes bifid, branched, many-flowered. 4. S. Native of the of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers pale-purple, with yellow
islands of Bourbon and the Mauritius. Flowers double, small, claws. Root bulbous, hairy.
pale-red. Scape 7-10 inches long.
Pretty Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Nov. Clt. 1823. Pl.
Pl. į foot.
Corymbose-flowered Wood-sorrel. Pl. 4 to 1 foot.
145 O. ROSTRA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 36. t. 22.) stemless; leaves
obovate, retuse; scape 1-flowered; styles very short; filaments
*** Leaflets 3, ovate.
bearing glandular hairs, inner ones with a beak at the top on the
136 O. VIRGÒSA (Savig. in Lam. dict. 4. p. 685.) stemless ;
back of each, and bearing an anther at the end of the beak.
leaflets 3, ovate; scapes many-flowered; flowers in whorls. 21. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers of a lilac
colour.
G. Native of Chili.—Mol. chil. p. 110. Flowers yellow?
Scapes 5 feet high.
Beaked-stamened Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1795.
foot.
Twiggy Wood-sorrel. Pl. 5 feet.
8 8. Pteropodæ (from ttepov, pteron, a wing, and move todos,
$ 7. Simplicifolia (from simplex, simple, and folium, a leaf ;
pous podos, a foot ; petioles winged). D. C. prod. 1. p. 697.
leaves simple). D. C. prod. 1. p. 696. Plants stemless and Stemless. Leaves smooth, with 2-3 leaflets. Petioles winged.
caulescent. Leaves simple, pubescent; petioles naked. Scapes Scapes 1-flowered.
and peduncles one or many-flowered.
146 O. CRI'SPA (Jacq. ox. no. 37. t. 23.) stemless; leaflets 2,
137 0. MANDIOCCA'NA (Raddi, mem. bras. p. 21.) caulescent, roundish-obovate, emarginate, with waved margins; styles very
erect, or prostrate ; leaves rosulate, somewhat ovate, acuminated, long, and are, as well as the filaments, beset with glandular
with the margins and middle nerve pubescent; petioles with a hairs.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers
winged margin, as well as the many-flowered peduncles, which large, white, or pale-lilac, with yellow claws.
are flattened ; stamens shorter than the styles; cells of
ovary Curled-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1793. Pl. 4 ft.
1-seeded. 2. S. Native of Brazil, in woods on the mountain 147 O. LEPORÌNA (Jacq. ox. no. 39. t. 25.) stemless ; leaflets
called Mandiocca, near Rio Janeiro. O. alièna, Spreng. neuw. 2, elliptical, emarginate, with ciliately and cartilaginous tooth-
entd. 3. p. 58. Flowers yellow. Stigmas capitate.
. p.
letted edges; styles very long, and are, as well as the filaments,
Var. a, Raddiàna (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 118.) leaves exactly
a
beset with glandular hairs. 4. G. Native of the Cape of
ovate, very obtuse at the base ; petioles with winged margins, Good Hope. Flowers white, with reddish edges, and yellow
ciliated.
claws.
Var. B, rhombifolia (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 188.) leaves rhomb- Hare's-foot Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Nov. Clt. 1795. Pl. 1 ft.
ovate ; petioles scarcely winged, pubescent.
148 0. ASINÌNA (Jacq. ox. no. 38. t. 24.) stemless; leaflets 2,
Mandiocca Wood-sorrel. Pl. foot.
1/
lanceolate, with cartilaginous toothletted edges ; styles inter-
138 O. OVA'TA (Zucc. in act. monach. 9. ex Spreng. syst. mediate ; filaments beset with glandular hairs. 4. G. Native
append. 184.) stem suffruticose, almost simple ; leaves ovate, of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow.
acutish, smooth; peduncles many-flowered ; stamens exceeding Ass's-ear-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1792.
the styles. h.s. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow.
Pl. foot.
Ovate-leaved Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 foot.
149 0. LANCE ÆFÒLIA (Jacq. ox. no. 40. t. 26.) stemless;
139 0. ALA'TA (Mart. et Zucc. in act. monach. 9. ex Spreng. leaflets 2-3, with cartilaginous scabrous margins; styles very
syst. append. p. 184.) stem suffruticose ; leaves ovate, acute, long; filaments smooth. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good
pubescent; peduncles elongated, winged, many-flowered; styles Hope. Flowers yellow.
exceeding the stamens in length. h.s. Native of Brazil. Lance-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1795. Pl.
Winged-peduncled Wood-sorrel. Shrub 1 foot.
1 foot.
140 O. cilia'ta (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 423.) caulescent; leaves 150 O. FABÆFÒLIA (Jacq. ox. no. 41. t. 27.) stemless ; leaflets
cordate, orbicular, obtuse, ciliated ; petioles and many-flowered 3, obovate, emarginate, mucronated; styles intermediate, and
peduncles hairy; styles longer than the stamens. 4. S. Native are, as well as the filaments clothed with glandular hairs. 4.G.
of Brazil.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow.
21. G.

OXALIDEE. III. OXALIS.
763
;
Bean-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1794. Pl. 1 ft. Brown-spotted-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, June. Clt.
1795. Pl. 4 foot.
§ 9. Acetosélle (a dim. of acetosus, sour ; taste of leaves).
D. C. prod. 1. p. 697. Stemless and somewhat stipitate. Leaves ** Leaflets oblong or lanceolate. Stipitate or substipitate.
stalked, trifoliate. Petioles without margins. Leaflets not
158 O. CILIA'RIS (Jacq. ox. no. 45. t. 30.) stipitate, pubes-
glandular beneath. Scapes 1-flowered. Roots bulbous.
cent; stem naked below ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, somewhat
* Leaves oblong or lanceolate. Stemless, or almost so. emarginate ; peduncles longer than the petioles, with 2 bracteas
immediately under the calyx; styles very long. 2. G. Na-
151 0. LABURNIFOLIA (Jacq. ox, no. 42. t. 28.) stemless, pu-
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers purplish-red, with a
bescent; lateral leaflets obliquely oblong, middle one somewhat
yellow bottom. Petioles and leaves ciliated.
lanceolate; scapes longer than the petioles, with 2 bracteas in
Ciliary Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1793. Pl. ft.
the middle; styles very long. 2. G. Native of the Cape of
Flowers
Good Hope. Petioles red. Leaves purple beneath.
159 O. ARCUA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 46. t. 31.) stipitate, pubes-
cent; stem naked at the base, decumbent ; leaflets lanceolate,
yellow. This species has the habit of those species belonging to
section Pteropoda, but the petioles are half round and wingless. emarginate ; peduncles length of petioles, with 2 bracteas im-
,
Laburnum-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1793.
mediately under the calyx; styles very short. 2. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers violaceous, with dirty
Pl. I foot.
152 O. SANGUÍNEA (Jacq. ox. no. 43. t. 29.) stemless, pubes-
yellow claws. Leaflets recurved.
Arched-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1795. Pl.
cent; leaflets oblong, obtuse, middle one cuneated at the base ;
decumbent.
scapes length of petioles, with 2 bracteas below the middle;
styles intermediate. 4.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
160 O. FLA'CCIDA (Jacq. ox. no. 66. t. 51.) substipitate ; de-
cumbent, pubescent; leaflets oblong, retuse, middle one cu-
This is very like the preceding species, but the petioles and
under surface of the leaves are of a blood-colour. Flowers
neated; peduncles twice as long as the leaves, with 2 bracteas in
the middle ; styles very short; filaments with_glandular hairs.
yellow.
Bloody-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1795. Pl.
4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals white, red
on the outside as well as the margins, with yellow claws. Pe-
1 foot.
duncles flaccid.
153 O. RUBRO-FLA'VA (Jacq. ox. no. 65. t. 50.) almost stem-
less, hairy ; leaflets lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, middle one cu-
Flaccid-peduncled Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1812.
Pl. 1 foot.
neated; scapes longer than the petioles, with 2 bracteas under the
161 O. AMBÍGUA (Jacq. ox. no. 59. t. 43.) substipitate, rather
middle ; styles very short. 24. G. Native of the Cape of hairy ; leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse ; peduncles equal in
Good Hope. Corolla yellow, but red outside, as well as margins. length to the leaves, or longer, with 2 bracteas in the middle ;
,
Red-and-yellow-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Nov. Clt.
1823. Pl. foot.
2. G. Na-
styles very long, covered with subglandular hairs.
154 0. TRICOLOR (Jacq. ox. no. 63.) stemless, pubescent ;
tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla white, with a yellow
leaflets oblong, obtuse, middle one somewhat cuneated; scapes
bottom, red on the outside as well as the margins. Sepals each
with 2 red glands under the top.
longer than the petioles ; styles intermediate ; filaments clothed
with glandular hairs. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Ambiguous Wood-sorrel. F1. Sep. Dec. Clt. 1790. Pl. I ft.
Hope.
162 O. UNDULA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 60. t. 44.) stipitate, erect,
Var. a, flàva (D. C. prod. 1. p. 698.) petals yellow, red out-
rather hairy ; leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse ; peduncles longer
,
side, as well as margins. Jacq. ox. t. 47.
than the petioles, with 2 bracteas under the middle; styles very
Var. B, álba (D. Č. prod. 1. p. 698.) petals white, red on the long, hairy. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals
outside, as well as margins.
white, with yellow claws, dotted with red on the outside. Sepals
Three-coloured-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Dec.
Clt.
and ovaries bearing many glands. Leaflets wavy.
1794. Pl.
Pl. 1 foot.
Wavy-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1795. Pl. į ft.
155 O. FERRUGINA'TA (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 274,) almost
163 O. GLANDULÒSA (Jacq. ox. no. 61. t. 46.) substipitate,
stemless, pubescent; leaflets obovate, retuse, middle one cu-
puberulous; leaflets oblong, obtuse, with the middle one some-
neated ; peduncles a little shorter than the leaves, with 2 bracteas
what cuneated; peduncles length of petioles, with 2 glands in
in the middle ; styles intermediate
. 4.6. Native of the Cape lyxes beset with glandular hairs.
the middle ; styles intermediate; filaments, peduncles, and ca-
of Good Hope. Flowers white. Leaves marked with rusty spots.
. 2. G. Native of the Cape
Leaves
of Good Hope. Corolla white, with a yellow bottom.
Rusty-spotted-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1790.
Pl. 1 foot.
brownish on the under surface.
156 O. EXALTA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 64. t. 49.) almost stemless,
Glandular Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
puberulous ; leaflets emarginate, lateral ones elliptical, middle
* Leaves roundish or somewhat rhomboid.
one obovately-cuneated; peduncles twice as long as the leaves,
with 2 bracteas in the middle; styles very short.
2. G. Native 164 O. TRUNCA’TULA (Jacq. ox. no. 76. t. 62.) stemless,
of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla whitish, red on the outside hairy; leaflets triangular, truncate; scapes 3-times longer than
and margins.
the petioles, with 2 bracteas in the middle; styles very long,
Exalted Wood-sorrel. Pl. į foot.
and are as well as the filaments beset with glandular hairs.
157 O. FUSCA'TA (Jacq. oxal. no. 61. t. 45.) almost stemless, 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla lilac,
puberulous ; leaflets obtuse, lateral ones ovate, middle one wedge- with yellow claws. Leaflets violet-coloured beneath, hairy, soft
shaped ; peduncles twice as long as the leaves, with 2 bracteas to the touch, like Marsh-mallow.
in the middle ; styles very long, clothed with subglandular Truncate-leaved Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
spreading hairs, as well as the filaments. 4.G, Native of the 165 O. SULPHU'REA (Jacq. ox. no. 77. t. 63.) stemless, pube-
Cape of Good Hope. Leaves blood-coloured beneath, but spot- rulous ; leaflets roundish ; peduncles length of petioles, with 2
ted with brown above. Flowers white, with a yellow bottom, bracteas at the base ; styles very short; sepals reflexed at the
and reddish on the outside.
apex, fringed with club-shaped hairs. 4. G. Native of the
;
5 E 2

764
OXALIDEÆ. III. OXALIS.
ments.
Cape of Good Hope. Corolla pale-yellow. Leaves blood- 172 O. LÆVIGA'TA (Willd. enum. suppl. 26.) almost stemless,
coloured beneath and spotted with white, and the veins are quite smooth ; leaflets roundish, intermediate one wedge-shaped ;
;
white above.
scape about the length of the petioles ; styles very short. O.H.
Sulphur-coloured-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. 1795. Pl. 1 ft. Native of ? Corolla purple. Link. enum. 439.
166 O. BREVÍSCAPA (Jacq. ox. no. 72. t. 58.) stemless, pu- Smooth Wood-sorrel. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 ft.
berulous ; leaves roundish; petioles flattish; pedicels one-half
**** Leaflets obcordate. Stemless, or almost so.
shorter than the leaves, with 2 bracteas beneath the middle ;
styles intermediate ; filaments glandular. 4. G. Native of 173 O. PUNCTA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 243.) stemless ; leaflets
the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla white, with a yellow bottom. roundish, obcordate, dotted beneath, smooth ; petioles and
Leaves red beneath and dotted.
scapes puberulous ; scapes longer than the leaves, with 2 brac-
Short-scaped Wood-sorrel. Pl. foot.
teas above the middle; styles very short; filaments with glan-
167 O. SPECIÒsa (Willd. spec. 2. p. 779.) stemless ; pube- dular hairs. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
rulous; leaflets roundish; scapes about equal in length to the Flowers pale flesh-coloured, red on the outside as well as the
petioles, with 2 bracteas under the middle; styles very long, margins. Jacq. ox. no. 82. t. 66. Thunb. diss. no. 3. t. 1.
bearing simple and glandular hairs mixed, as well as the fila- Leaves bright-purple beneath, with shining golden dots.
2. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Dotted-leaved Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
Var. a, purpùrea (Lin. spec. 621.) leaves blood-coloured 174 0. STRUMÒSA (Jacq. ox. no. 79. t. 64.) stemless, pube-
beneath ; corollas rose-purple. 0. speciòsa, Jacq. ox. no. 74. rulous ; leaflets obcordate; pedicels length of petioles, with 2
t. 60.
bracteas beneath the middle; styles very short, with a swelling
Var. B, sugillàta (Jacq. ox. no. 75. t. 61.) adult leaves livid under the top of each ; filaments with glandular hairs.
2. G.
beneath as well as on the margins above; corollas white, but Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Petals white, but red on
flesh-coloured outside.
the outside as well as the margins, with yellow claws. Leaves
Var. Y, rigidula (Jacq. ox. no. 73. t. 59.) leaves green on brownish beneath, and with brown spots above.
both surfaces ; corollas white, with a yellow bottom.
Swelled-styled Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
Shewy Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1690. Pl. 1 ft. 175 0. MARGINA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 85. t. 68.) stemless, pube-
168 O. VARIA'BILIS (Jacq. ox. no. 67.) stemless, puberulous; rulous; leaflets obcordate, roundish; scapes one-half shorter
leaflets roundish, middle one cuneated at the base ; pedicels than the petioles, with 2 bracteas in the middle; calyxes ciliated,
equal or longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas under the with club-shaped hairs, reflexed at the top; styles intermediate.
middle; styles very short ; filaments with glandular hairs. 2. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers large,
4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
white. Leaves blood-coloured on the under surface and edged
Var. a, longiscapa (D. C. prod. 1. p. 699.) scape twice as with cinereous villi.
long as leaves; corolla white, or somewhat flesh-coloured. Marginate-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1812.
Jacq. ox. t. 52.
Pl. 4 foot.
Var. B, rúbra (Jacq. ox. t. 53.) scapes a little longer than the 176 O. PULCHE’LLA (Jacq. ox, no. 86. t. 69.) stemless, pube-
leaves; corolla rose-purple.
rulous; leaflets obcordate, roundish; scapes 3-times shorter
Var. y, grandiflora (Jacq. ox. no. 68. t. 54.) scapes length of
Y
than the petioles, with 2 bracteas in the middle ; calyxes ciliated
petioles; corolla large, white; leaves blood-coloured beneath. with club-shaped hairs, reflexed at the apex; styles very long,
Var. d, Simsii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 699.) scapes length of pe- and are as well as the filaments beset with glandular hairs.
tioles ; corolla large, white; leaves green on both surfaces. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves blood-
Sims, bot. mag. t. 1683. This, with var. 7, will probably con- coloured beneath ; veins white above. Flowers white, with a
stitute a distinct species.
blush of carnation within above the base.
Variable Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Dec. Clt. 1795. Pl. ft. Neat Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1795.
Clt. 1795. Pl. foot.
169 O. PURPUREA (Willd. spec. 2. p. 778.) stemless; pube- 177 O. OBTU'SA (Jacq. ox, no. 83. t. 79. f. 1.) stemless,
rulous ; leaflets roundish, wedge-shaped ; scapes longer than densely
densely puberulous ; leaflets obcordate ; scape longer than the
the leaves, with 2 bracteas under the middle; styles interme- leaves, with 2 bracteas above the middle; sepals obtuse ; styles
diate; filaments with glandular hairs. 4. G. Native of the intermediate. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 0.
Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. ox. no. 70. t. 56. Flowers purple. lanàta a, Thunb. Flowers red. Filaments smooth.
Var. B, lá xula (Jacq. ox. no. 71. t. 57.) scapes length of Blunt-sepalled Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1812. Pl. Z ft.
petioles; corolla white.
178 O. LANA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 244. exclusive of the syno-
Purple-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1812. nyms) stemless, villously-woolly ; leaflets obcordate; scape longer
Pl. 1 foot.
than the leaves, with 2 bracteas in the middle ; sepals acute;
170 O. convexula (Jacq. ox. no. 69. t. 55.) smooth ; stipe styles very short. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
declinate, naked below; leaflets roundish, dotted ; stipulas Jacq. ox. no. 81. t. 77. f. 2.
Jacq. ox. no. 81. t. 77. f. 2. 0. lanàta ß, Thunb. Flowers
dilated, acuminated ; peduncles longer than the leaves; brac- white. Filaments hairy.
teoles alternate ; styles intermediate; filaments with glandular Woolly Wood-sorrel. F1. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1791. Pl. 1 foot.
hairs. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers 179 O. LUTE'OLA (Jacq. ox. no. 80. t. 65.) stemless, hairy ;
rose-coloured, with a yellow bottom.
leaflets obcordate, somewhat retuse; scapes length of leaves,
Small-convex Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Nov. Clt. 1789. Pl. I ft. with 2 bracteas a little above the middle; styles very short;
171 O. HU'MILIS (Thunb. prod. app. 190.) stemless ; leaflets inner filaments with glandular hairs; sepals obtuse. 4. G.
roundish, ciliated; scapes 1-flowered. 4. G. Native of the Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow.
Cape of Good Hope. Bulb ovate. Petioles pubescent, pros- Yellow-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept.
Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1823.
trate. Scape a little longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas in Pl. 1 foot.
the middle. Corolla with an ample yellowish tube, and a purple 180 O. Fa’llax (Jacq. ox. no. 84. t. 67.) stemless, pilose;
limb. Thunb. fl. cap. ed. Schult. 2. p. 535. is said to be the leaflets obcordate, somewhat retuse; scapes longer than the
same as 0. purpùrea of Lin.
leaves, with 2 bracteas a little above the middle; styles inter-
Humble Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
mediate, beset with glandular hairs ; inner stamens with glan-

OXALIDEÆ. III. OXALIS.
765
a
4
dular hairs, about the length of the styles. 4. G. Native of fasc. 2. t. 31. Mill. fig. 195. f. 2.
Mill. fig. 195. f. 2. O'xys acetosélla, Hall. helv.
the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow. This species is very no. 928. Flowers white, beautifully veined with purple. Mr.
like the preceding,
Curtis remarks that the leaves are frequently purplish beneath,
Fallacious Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
that the capsules dart forth their seeds at the slightest touch when
181 O. MACROGÒNIA (Jacq. ox. no. 87. t. 70.) almost stemless, ripe. This plant, says Gerarde, is called Wood-sour Trefoil,
rather pilose; leaflets obcordate, roundish; scape shorter than Stubwort, and Sorrel de Bois; by herbalists Alleluja and Cuckoo's
the leaves, with 2 bracteas a little above the middle; styles very meat, because it springs forth and flowers with the singing of
long, and are as well as the filaments covered with glandular the cuckoo, at which time Alleluja also was wont to be sung in
hairs.
24.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers churches. The names Alleluja and Lujula are, however, cor-
yellow. Sepals each with 2 red glands at the top.
rupted from the Calabrian name Juliola.
alabrian name Juliola. It is probably called
Long-angled Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
Stubwort from its covering the ground among the stubs in
cop-
182ºo. Piórtæ (Coll. hort. rip. p. 98. t. 1.) stemless, tufted, pices, when they are cut down. In French it is called La petite
smooth ; leaflets small, obcordate, sessile; scape twice the length oseille or Surelle and Pain à coucou.
of the leaves, with 2 bracteas above the middle ; styles longer Wood-sorrel has a grateful acid taste, more grateful than
than the stamens, glandular; filaments smooth; sepals acute, common sorrel, and therefore proper to be used in salads ; its
reflexed at the apex. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good acid approaches near to that of the juice of lemons, or the acid
Hope. Flowers large, rose-coloured.
of tartar, with which it also corresponds in its medical effects,
Piotta's Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1816. Pl. ft. being esteemed refrigerant, antiscorbutic, and diuretic. An infu-
183 O. MEGAPOTA'MICA (Spreng. syst. app. p. 184.) stemless, sion of the leaves, or a whey made by boiling the plant in milk,
pilose ; leaflets obcordate; scape longer than the leaves, with 2 was formerly used in ardent fevers to allay inordinate heat, and to
bracteas above the middle; sepals bluntish ; inner stamens quench thirst. The London College directs a conserve of the
longer than the styles. 4. S. Native of Brazil, on the banks leaves and petals to be made by beating them, with thrice their
of the Rio Grande. Flowers yellow ?
weight of fine sugar and orange-peel, which has the taste of
green
Rio Grande Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
tea. It is called Conserva Lujula. The expressed juice de-
184 0. HISPIDULA (Zucc. in act. monach. 9. ex Spreng. syst. purated, properly evaporated, and set in a cool place, affords a
append. p. 184.) stemless, hispid ; leaflets obcordate, ciliated; crystalline acid salt in considerable quantity, which may be used
glaucous beneath ; scape longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas;
3 wherever vegetable acids are wanted. It is employed to take
sepals acute, with 2 glands at the top of each ; styles longer than iron-moulds and ink-stains out of linen, and is sold under the
the longest stamens. 2. S. Native of Brazil.
name of Essential Salt of Lemons. This salt, when genuine,
Hispid Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
7 2
which it seldom is, consists of the vegetable alkali, and a pecu-
185 O. ERIORHÌZA (Zucc. in act. monach. 9. ex Spreng. syst. liar acid, which, according to Bergman, seems more allied to
append. p. 184.) stemless: leaflets obcordately 2-lobed, smooth ; the acid of sugar than that of tartar. What is sold for it in
petioles hairy; scape longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas; this country, appears sometimes to consist of cream of tartar
styles shorter than the stamens. 4. S. Native of Brazil. Bulb with the addition of a small quantity of vitriolic acid. For
woolly.
taking out spots in linen, the stained part is dipped in water,
Woolly-rooted Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
sprinkled with a little of the salt powdered, then rubbed on a
186 O. LOBA'TA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 2386.) stemless, smooth ; pewter plate, after which the spot is washed out with warm
scapes longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas ; leaflets obcor- water. Dr. Beddoes informs us, that the leaves and stalks,
date, rather glaucous beneath ; sepals acute; root tuberous. wrapped up in a cabbage-leaf, and macerated in warm ashes
24.G. Native of Chili. Flowers yellow, but spotted with red. until reduced to a pulp, have been successfully applied to scro-
Lobed-leaved Wood-sorrel. F1. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1823. Pl. 1 ft. fulous ulcers. This poultice should remain on the sore for
187 O. NA'NA (St. Hil. ex Spreng. syst. append. 184.) stem- twenty-four hours, and be repeated four times. Afterwards the
less, smooth ; leaflets obovate; scape longer than the leaves, ulcer is to be dressed with a poultice made of the roots of
with 2 bracteas ; styles longer than the stamens. 4. S. Native Meadow-sweet (Spiræ'a ulmària), bruised and mixed up with
of Brazil, at Rio Grande.
the scum of sour butter-milk: doubtless many of the foreign
Dwarf Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
species may be used in the same way. There is no doubt but
188 O. TE'NERA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 424.) stemless, smooth ; a salt may be prepared from all the species. Thunberg says
leaflets sessile, obcordate; scape villous, flaccid, 1-2-flowered, that a good salt was prepared from O'xalis cérnua at the Cape,
longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas in the middle; sepals which
grows
in great abundance there; but he does not inform
awl-shaped ; styles longer than the stamens. 21. G. Native of us in what quantity. Twenty pounds of fresh leaves of our
Monte Video. Bulb fusiform. Flowers yellow. Lindl. bot. Wood-sorrel yielded, according to Newman, six pounds of juice,
reg. 1046.
from which two ounces, two drachms, and one scruple of salt,
Tender Wood-sorrel. Fl. May. Clt. 1826.
Clt, 1826. Pl. I foot. besides two ounces and six drachms of an impure saline mass
189 O. MAGELLA'NICA (Forst. comm. goet. 9. p. 33.) stem- were procured. Oxalic acid is a vegetable acid naturally formed
less ; leaflets obcordate, roundish, fleshy, smooth ; scape shorter in O'xalis acetosella, from which it takes its name. It has been
than the leaves, with 2 bracteas at the top. 4. G. Native of discovered by Scheele that this acid can be formed by the action
Terra del Fuego in wet places. Flowers white, about the size of nitric acid upon sugar and several other vegetable substances,
of those of 0. acetosella.
The merit of this discovery was formerly given to Bergman,
Magellan Wood-sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
who first published the method of preparing it in this way.
190 O. ACETOSE'LLA (Lin. spec. 620.) stemless; root of many Var. B, coerùlea (D. C. prod. 700.) flowers bluish.-Tourn.
scaly joints, creeping ; leaflets obcordate, puberulous ; scapes
inst. 88.
longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas above the middle; petals Var. y, subpurpurascens (D. C. prod. 1. p. 700.) flowers
oval, obtuse ; styles equal or longer than the inner stamens. 4. pale-rose or purplish. 4. H. This is a less plant than the
H. Native throughout Europe, in shady places ; plentiful in Bri- species, and flowers later. It is to be found in England in a
tain. Smith, engl. bot. t. 762. Ed. A. dan. t. 980. Jacq. ox. lane between Owram and Halifax.
no. 91. t. 80. f. i. Woodv, med .bot. p. 56. t. 20. Curt. fi. lond. Common Wood-sorrel. Fl. April, May. Brit. Pl. 1 foot.
-

766
OXALIDEÆ. III. OXALIS.
It pos-
191 O. PARVIFLÒRA (Lejeune, fl. spa. 2. p. 307.) stemless ; Cuneated-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1822.
root toothed, jointed, creeping ; leaflets obcordate, puberulous; Pl. decumbent.
scapes longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas above the middle
; 199 O. CUNEIFOLIA (Jacq. ox. no. 56. t. 41.) stem declinate,
stamens 5, not 10, equal or shorter than the styles. 4. H. naked at the base ; leaflets cuneated, emarginate, pilose ; pedi-
Native of France, in hedges about Malmedy. 0. acetosélla, cels length of petioles, with 2 bracteas at the top; styles very
var. d, parviflòra, D. C. prod. 1. p.700. Flowers white, veined short; filaments with glandular hairs. 21. G. Native of the
with purple. 4-times smaller than those of 0. acetosella.
Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white, with the bottom hardly
Small-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. April, May. Pl. 1 foot. yellow. This species is very like
the preceding.
192 O. AMERICA'NA (Bigl. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p.
700.) Wedge-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1793.
stemless; root toothed, jointed, creeping; leaflets obcordate, Pl. decumbent.
puberulous; scape longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas above 200 O. PUSILLA (Jacq. ox. no. 57. t. 42.) stem short, naked
the middle; petals oblong, unequally emarginate; styles hardly at the base, somewhat declinate; leaftets linear-cuneated, emar-
;
longer than the inner stamens. 4. H. Native of North Ame- ginate, smooth ; pedicels length of petioles, with 2 bracteas at
rica, in shady woods, round the roots of old trees. Canada
the top; styles intermediate ; filaments smooth. 2. G. Na-
(Michx.). On the high mountains of Pennsylvania and New tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Plant hardly a finger in
York. O. acetosélla, Michx. Pursh, and Nutt. Flowers large, length.
length. Flowers of a pale flesh-colour.
white, veined with red, and with a yellow bottom. This plant Small Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1823. Pl. declinate.
differs from the European 0. acetosélla in the petals being 201 O. LINEA'RIS (Jacq. ox. no. 47. t. 32.) stem declinate,
cuneate, emarginate, and narrower, not oval and blunt. It naked at the base, and is as well as the leaves puberulous ;
sesses the same qualities.
leaflets linear, emarginate ; pedicels shorter than the petioles,
American Wood-sorrel. Fl. April, May. Clt. ? Pl. 1 ft. with 2 bracteas at the top ; styles very long. 2. G. Native
of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla violet. Filaments smooth,
* Leaflets obcordate. Substipitate, or with a stem.
toothless.
193 O. TENEʼLLA (Jacq. ox. no. 32. t. 19.) plant substipi- Linear-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1795. Pl.
tate, smoothish ; leaflets obcordate ; scape longer than the leaves, declinate.
with 2 bracteas above the middle ; styles very short ; filaments 202 O, RECLINATA (Jacq. ox, no. 49. t. 34.) stem reclinate,
with glandular hairs. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good naked at the base, branched a little ; leaflets linear, somewhat
Hope. Corolla pale lilac. Sepals with 2 red glands at the top cuneated, emarginate ; pedicels longer than the petioles, with 2
of each, on the outside.
bracteas above the middle, and are as well as the petioles pube-
Delicate Wood-sorrel. Fl. Nov. Dec. Clt. 1793. Pl. 1 ft. rulous ; styles intermediate. 4. G. Native of the Cape of
194 O. NA'TANS (Lin. fil. suppl. 243.) stem declinate, naked Good Hope. Flowers of a pale vermilion-colour. Filaments
at the base ; leaflets obcordate, smooth ; peduncles length of a little hairy.
leaves, with 2 bracteas under the middle ; styles very short. Reclinate-stemmed Wood-sorrel. Pl. decumbent.
2. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope, floating in water. 203 O. GRACILIS (Jacq. ox. no. 48. t. 33.) stem declinate,
Thunb. ox. no. 4. t. 1. f. 4. Jacq. ox. no. 78. t. 76. f. 2.
. naked at the base, and is as well as the leaves smooth; leaflets
Flowers white. Leaves and flowers floating on the water. linear, rather callose at the top ; pedicels longer than the
Floating Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Dec. Clt. 1795. Pl. fl. petioles, with 2 bracteas above the middle ; styles very long,
195 O. CRUENTA'TA (Jacq. fil.ecl. 1. p. 66. t. 45.) plant sub- and are as well as the filaments covered with glandular hairs.
stipitate, rather hairy; leaflets obcordate ; peduncles a little 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers of a pale
longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas above the middle; styles vermilion-colour. O. versícolor, var. Y,
0. versícolor, var. y, Willd. spec. 2. p. 792.
intermediate.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Slender Wood-sorrel. Pl. decumbent.
Flowers purple. Filaments smooth, outer ones toothed.
204 O. MINIA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 50. t. 35.) stem declinate,
Bloody Wood-sorrel. Pl. foot.
naked at the base, and is as well as the leaves smooth ; leaflets
196 O. FILICAU'LIS (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 2. t. 205.) stem linear, a little emarginate at the apex ; pedicels a little longer
naked at the base, decumbent, a little branched ; leaflets obcor- than the leaves, with 2 bracteas above the middle. 4. G. Na-
dately 2-lobed, smooth ; peduncles longer than the leaves, with tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers of a vermilion-co-
2 bracteas in the middle; styles intermediate. 4.G. Native lour. Styles very short. Filaments toothless, smooth. 0. elon-
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers violaceous. Filaments gàta, Willd.
gàta, Willd. spec. 2. p. 793.
smooth, outer ones toothed.
Vermilion-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1819.
Thread-stemmed Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1815. Pl. prostrate.
Pl. decumbent.
205 O. MACROMÍSchos (Spreng. syst. app. p. 185.) stem de-
197 O. BÍFIDA (Thunb. ox. no. 16. t. 1. f. 2.) stem erect, clinate, naked at the base, and is as well as the leaves hoary-
branched a little ; leaflets obcordately 2-lobed, smooth; peduncles villous ; leaflets linear, somewhat emarginate; peduncles very
longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas a little above the middle. long, at length refracted ; styles very short. 4.G. Native of
4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. ox. no. 89. the Cape of Good Hope.
t. 79. f. 4. Flowers violaceous, with a yellow bottom. Styles Long-pedicelled Wood-sorrel. Pl. prostrate.
very long, hairy as well as the stamens.
Bifid-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1791. Pl. Z ft.
** Leaflets linear, somewhat cuneated, emarginate, or phyllon, a leaf; leaves furnished with glands at the tip). D.C.
10. Adenophyllæ (from aờnv, aden, a gland, and pullov,
retuse at the apex. Stems usually declinate.
prod. 1. p. 701. Stems sometimes sparingly leafy, sometimes
198 O. CUNEA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 55. t. 40.) stem declinate, very leafy at the top, sometimes almost wanting. Leaves stalked,
naked at the base ; leaflets cuneated, emarginate, pilose; pedicels with 3-5 linear leaflets, bearing at the top beneath red callose
;
length of petioles, with 2 bracteas at the apex ; styles very long; glands. Peduncles 1.flowered.
filaments with glandular hairs at the apex. 4. G.
4.G. Native of
the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white, with a yellow bottom. 206 O. MINUTA (Thunb. diss. no. 2. t. 2. f. 3.) stemless;
4. G.
a
1

OXALIDEÆ. III. OXALIS.
767
-
4.
leaflets 3, linear-lanceolate, acute; scape longer than the leaves ; Five-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Feb. Nov. Cit. 1800. Pl. Z ft.
styles very long. O. H. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Jacq. ox. no. 44. t. 79. f. 2. The leaves are probably glandular.
§ 11. Palmatifolia (from palmatus, palmate, and folium, a
leaf; leaves palmate). D. C. prod. 1. p. 702. Stemless and with
Flowers white.
Minute Wood-sorrel. Pl. Ž
.
foot.
a short stipe, naked at the base. Leaves stalked, palmately or
207 O. GLA'BRA (Thunb. ox. no. 17. t. 2. f. 1.) stem very peltately divided into 5-15 leaflets, destitute of glands.
Scapes
short, naked at the base, erect; leaflets 3, linear-wedge-shaped,
1-flowered.
emarginate, ciliated, with many glands beneath ; peduncles longer
;
215 O. MALLOBO’LBA (Cav. icon. 4. p. 64. t. 393. f. 2.) stem-
than the leaves; styles very long. 4. G. Native of the Cape less; bulb woolly ; leaflets 5, ovate ; scape bearing 2 awl-
of Good Hope. Jacq. ox. no. 58. t. 76. f. 3. Flowers purple. shaped bracteas in the middle . 2. G. Native of Buenos
Smooth Wood-sorrel. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1795. Pl. I ft. Ayres. Plant very small.
small. Bulb clothed with beautiful rufous
208 O. versícolor (Lin. spec. 622.) stem declinate, naked wool. Flowers yellow. Styles intermediate, villous.
at the base ; leaflets 3, linear, emarginate, with 2 red glands Soft-bulbed Wood-sorrel. Pl. { foot.
.
beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; styles very long, 216 O. COMMERSÒNII (Pers. ench. 1. p. 519.) stem very short, ,
and are as well as the filaments beset with glandular hairs. leafy ; leaflets 6, ovate, clothed with close-pressed villi; scapes
4. G. . ,
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. ox. no. 51. longer than the leaves, with 2 bracteas in the middle. 4. G.
t. 36. Curt. bot. mag. t. 155. Smith, icon. rar. 7. t. 7. Corolla Native of Monte Video. O. sexenata, Savign. in Lam. dict. 4.
white inside and reddish outside. Filaments toothed.
p. 687. Flowers yellow.
Various-coloured-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Mar. Clt. Commerson's Wood-sorrel. Pl. foot.
1774. Pl. 1 foot.
217 O. LUPINIFÒLIA (Jacq. ox.
FIG. 122.
209 O. sylvestris (Jacq. ox. t. 77. f. 4.) stem declinate, no. 92. t. 72.) almost stemless;
naked at the base ; leaflets 3, linear, emarginate, with 2 red leaflets 7-8, lanceolate, acutish,
5
glands beneath ; peduncles length of leaves; styles very long, smooth, spotted at the base ; pe-
hairy ; filaments toothless, smooth. 4. G. Native of the tioles compressed; scape length
Cape of Good Hope. Corolla white inside and red outside. of petiole; styles very short;
d.
Wild Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Mar. Clt. ? Pl. declinate. filaments with glandular hairs.
210 O. ELONGA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 52. t. 37.) stem declinate, 2. G. Native of the Cape of
naked at the base; leaflets 3, linear, emarginate, with 2 red Good Hope. Flowers yellow.
glands at the top of each ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; Lupine-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl.
styles very short.
short. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1775. Pl. 1 ft.
Petals white, hardly edged with red, a little emarginated at 218 O. FLA'VA (Lin. spec. 621.)
the top. Sepals with two red glands at the tip beneath.
stem erect, short, naked at the
Var. B, amæ'na (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. t. 206.) sepals blunt ; base; leaflets 6-7, smooth, linear,
petals obtuse, of a rose-purple colour.
channelled, acute; peduncles ra-
Elongated Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Oct. Clt. 1791. Pi. ther longer than the petioles ;
prostrate.
styles very short; filaments with
211 O. TENUIFÒLIA (Jacq. ox. no. 53. t. 38.) stem erect, spa- glandular hairs. 4. G. Native
ringly leafy ; leaflets 3, linear, emarginate, with many red glands of the Cape of Good Hope. Jacq. ox. no. 93. t. 73. Burm. afr.
beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves; styles very short ; t. 27. f. 4. Ker. bot. reg. t. 117. Flowers yellow.
inner filaments with glandular hairs. 4. G. Native of the Yellow-flowered Wood-sorrel. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1775.
Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 712. Corolla white, Pl. 1 foot.
with reddish edges on the outside.
219 O. PECTINA'TA (Jacq. ox. no. 94. t. 74.) almost stemless ;
Fine-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1790. Pl. ft. leaflets 7, smooth, linear-lanceolate, obtuse ; peduncles length of
212 O. POLYPHY'LLA (Jacq. ox. no. 59. t. 39.) stem erect, a leaves; sepals close-pressed; styles very long, and are, as well
little branched, leafy at top; leaflets 3, linear, emarginate, with as the filaments, beset with glandular hairs. 4. G. Native of
2 red glands beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; styles the Cape of Good Hope.—Burm. afr. t. 30. f. 1. Flowers
intermediate, and are as well as filaments beset with glandular yellow.
hairs. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Corolla Pectinated-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sept. Nov. Clt. 1790.
pale-red. O. versícolor, Jacq. icon. rar. t. 473.—Burm. afr. Pl. 1 foot.
t. 27. f. 1.
220 O. FLABELLIFÒLIA (Jacq. ox. no. 94. t. 74.) almost stem-
Many-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1791. Pl. J ft. less ; leaflets 6-7-9, smooth, linear, emarginate ; peduncles hardly
;
213 O. FILIFÒLIA (Jacq. hort. schoenbr. 3. t. 273.) stem de- longer than the petioles ; sepals reflexed at the apex ; styles in-
clinate, naked at the base, leaflets 3, linear, entire at the apex,
,
termediate, and are, as well as the inner filaments, beset with
with callose glands ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; styles glandular hairs.
glandular hairs. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
very long, and are as well as the inner filaments beset with glan- Flowers yellow.
dular hairs. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Co- Fan-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Sep. Nov. Clt. 1789. Pl. 1 ft.
rolla rose-coloured.
221 O. TOMENTÒA (Lin. fil. suppl. 244.) almost stemless ;
Thread-leaved Wood-sorrel. Fl. Jan. Sept. Clt. 1822. leaflets 9-19, clothed with pubescent down on both surfaces,
lanceolate-cuneated, emarginate; scapes length of petioles ; styles
214 O. PENTAPHY’LLA (Sims, bot. mag. t. 1549.) stem erectish, very long. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.--
naked below ; leaflets 5, linear, rather entire at the apex, with Jacq. ox. no. 96. t. 81.- Plum. t. 350. f. 3. Corolla whitish.
1 or 2 callose glands beneath ; peduncles longer than the leaves ; Tomentose Wood-sorrel. Fl. April, May. Clt. 1791. Pl. 1 ft.
styles intermediate. 4. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
222 O. ENNEAPHY’LLA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 7. t. 411.) stipe
0. digitàta, Poir. suppl. 4. p. 254. exclusive of the synonyms creeping at the base, covered with interrupted scales ; leaflets 9,
and var. ß. Flowers rose-flesh-coloured. Petioles reddish and smooth, obcordate, wedge-shaped, almost bifid; peduncles length
stem-clasping at the base.
of the leaves; styles very long. 4. G. Native of the Falk-
Pl. prostrate.

768
OXALIDEÆ. III. Oxalis. IV. LEDOCARPUM. ZYGOPHYLLEÆ.
land Islands. Corolla rose-coloured, with yellow lines. Styles but sometimes 1-seeded, never cocculiferous nor arilliferous.
capitate and pencil-formed, like the following.
Seeds albuminous, or exalbuminous. Embryo straight, with
Nine-leaved Wood--sorrel. Pl. 1 foot.
a superior radicle and leafy cotyledons.—Herbs, shrubs, and
223 O. LACINIA'TA (Cav. icon. 5. p. 7. t. 412.) stipe creeping
at the base, covered with scales; leaflets 11-13, linear, acute,
trees variable in habit. Leaves furnished with stipulas at the
smooth ; scapes shorter than the petioles ; styles very long. 2. S. base, usually compound, in the Zygophylleæ veræ opposite, but
Native of South America. Corolla violaceous. This and the alternate in Zygophyllea spuria.—This order is intermediate
preceding species have creeping scaly stipes.
between Oxalideæ and Rutàceæ. It is distinguished from the
Jagged Wood-sorrel. Pì. foot.
Cult. O'xalis is a curious and beautiful genus. The hardy
former in the styles being joined into one, never free, and in the
kinds require no care. If the roots are planted in a shady bor-
seeds being without aril, as well as in the leaves being opposite,
der, they will thrive and multiply. If the seeds of annual species and furnished with stipulas ; and from the latter it differs in the
are sown in the open border in spring, the plants will rise structure of the carpels, but especially in the absence of elastic
freely, and if they are permitted to scatter their seeds, there will
cocculum, which is truly notable in Rutàceæ vere. At first
be a plentiful supply of plants. The greenhouse kinds are mostly sight it is distinguished from both in the twin stipulas at the
,
and peat is best suited for these ; they require no water after
base of the petioles. Many of the species of this order bear
they have done flowering, until they begin to grow afresh, beautiful flowers, and enliven many an arid waste within the
these are increased by offsets from the bulbs, and by seeds. tropics, particularly the Tribulus cistoìdes. The Zygophyllum
The most of them may be grown in a frame, but care should be
Fabāgo is employed as an anthelmintic, but it is in Guaíacum
taken that they are protected from the frost during winter. The
that the great medical virtues of the order are to be found;
stove species should be grown in the same kind of soil recom-
mended for the greenhouse kinds; the shrubby kinds of these
it has been found to contain a particular substance, which is
may be increased by cuttings or seeds; the herbaceous fibrous- called Guaiacine, differing both from resin and gum.
rooted ones by dividing the plants at the roots or by seeds; the
bulbous-rooted ones by offsets from the roots. But some of the
Synopsis of the genera.
frame and greenhouse species are fibrous-rooted, therefore they
should also be increased by dividing the plants at the root.
§ 1. Zygophylleæ veræ. Leaves opposite.
1 TRIBULUS. Carpels 5, adnate to the triangular axis, inde-
IV. LEDOCA'RPUM (from Indov, ledon, cistus, and captos,
καρπος, hiscent, 1-celled, 1-seeded, beset with prickles on the outside.
karpos, a fruit; resemblance in fruit to that of a Cistus). Desf.
Style none. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10.
mem. mus. 4. p. 250. D. C. prod. 1. p. 702.
p
2 EHRENBE'RGIA. This
LIN. SYST. Decándria, Pentagynia. Calyx permanent, 5-
genus differs from Tribulus in the
sepalled, girded by 10 linear bracteas. Petals 5. Stamens capsule being of 10 1-seeded, indehiscent, crested carpels.
10, 5 alternate ones shortest ; filaments free, permanent. Ovary 3 FAGÒNIA. Capsule roundish, 5-angled, 5-celled ; cells 2-
roundish. Stigmas 5, thickened. Capsules 5-valved, 5-celled, valved, 1-seeded. Stigma 1. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10.
many-seeded. --Small branching shrubs, with opposite, ternate,
grey, sessile leaves, linear, awl-shaped leaflets, and solitary, ter-
4 LA'RREA. Capsule of 5 1-celled, 1-seeded carpels, closely
minal, large, yellow flowers.
connected. Style pentagonal Filaments with an appendage at
1 L. CHILOE'NSE (Desf. mem. mus. 4. p. 250. t. 13.) canes- the base inside. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10.
cent; leaves 3-parted, with linear segments; pedicels short. h. 5 ROEPE'RA. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 8. Capsule
F. Nåtive of Chiloe. Balbisia verticillàta, Cav. icon. ined. in 4-angled, with the angles expanded into wings, 4-celled, 3 of
bibl. Balb. and annal. no. 19. p. 61.
Chiloe Ledocarpum. Shrub 2 feet.
which are usually abortive. Seed solitary. Style 4-furrowed.
2 L. PEDUNCULA'RE (Lindl. bot. reg. 1392.) canescent ; leaves
6 Zygophy'LLUM. Capsule oblong, pentagonal, 5-celled, 5-
3-parted ; leaflets linear ; pedicels long. ħ. F. Native of valved ; cells many-seeded. Style 1. Filaments with an ap-
Chili. Stamens nearly equal in length.
pendage at the base inside. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10.
Long-peduncled Ledocarpum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825.
7 Guaíacum. Capsule substipitate, 5-angled, 5-celled, or only
Shrub 1 foot.
Cult. These pretty little shrubs will thrive in a mixture of 2-3-celled from abortion. Seeds solitary in the cells. Style 1.
loam and peat; and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 10.
hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
8 PORLIE'RIA. Sepals and petals 4.
Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 8. Style 1,
crowned by a peltate stigma. Carpels 4, connate, drupaceous.
Order LVIII. ZYGOPHY’LLEÆ (plants agreeing with
Zygophyllum in important characters). R. Br. gen. rem. p. 13.
§ 2. Zygophylleæ spurie. Leaves alternate.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 703.
p.
9 CHITÒNIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8. Style
Calyx of 5 distinct sepals, or hardly connected at the base. 1, crowned by a peltate stigma. Capsule 4-valved, 4-celled ;
Petals 5, alternating with the sepals, and inserted into the recep- valves keeled. Seeds 2 in each cell.
tacle. Stamens 10, distinct, hypogynous, 5 opposite the petals and 10 BIEBERSTE'INIA. Petals and sepals 5. Stamens 10. Styles
5 opposite the sepals. Ovary 1, 5-celled. Styles 5, joined into 5, joined. Carpels 5, connate at the base, 1-seeded, arillate
one, but sometimes they are distinct at the top. Carpels 5, inside.
constantly more or less adnate to each other, and to the central 11 TriCHANTHERA. Sepals and petals 5. Stamens 5. Styles
axis ; cells opening at the upper angle, usually many-seeded, numerous. Capsule pentagonal, 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded,
-

ZYGOPHYLLEÆ. I. TRIBULUS. II. EHRENBERGIA.
769
a
p. 703.
12 ANATRÓPA. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 4. Style 4 T. SUBINE'RMIS (Fisch. cat. hort. gor. 1808. p. 94.) leaves
short, clavate. Capsule quadrangular, depressed, 4-valved, 4- usually with 6 pairs of rather equal leaflets, which are hairy on
both surfaces; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; capsules arm-
celled ; cells 4-5-seeded.
less, but tubercled. O. H. Native of Thibet. Flowers yellow.
13 MELIA'NTHUS. Calyx 5-cleft, unequal ; lower segment
Unarmed-capsuled Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1820.
drawn out into a hollow gibbosity. Petals 5. Stamens 4, 2 of Pl. trailing.
which are connate. Style 1, crowned by a 4-cleft stigma. Cap- 5 T. ALA'TUS (Del. ill. p. 44.) leaves with 5 or 6 pairs of
sule 4-lobed, 4-celled; cells 1-seeded from abortion.
rather equal leaflets, which are clothed on both surfaces with
14 BALANŪTES. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 10.
close-pressed villi; pedicels very short; capsules without horns
but with winged margins. O. H. Native of Egypt, in sandy,
Ovary 5-celled, 5-seeded. Drupe 1-celled and 1-seeded from
barren places. T. pentándrus, Forsk. descr. 38. which is said
abortion.
to have only 5 or 6 stamens. Capsule of 5 carpels, each having
2 transverse cells. Flowers yellow.
§ 1. Zygophylleæ vère. D. C. prod. 1.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 703. Leaves
Winged-fruited Caltrops. Pl. trailing.
opposite
6 T. LANUGINÒSUS (Lin. spec. 553.) leaves with 5 or 6 pairs
1. TRIBULUS (from tpels, treis, three, and Bolos, bolos, a of rather equal leaflets, which are covered with close-pressed
point; each carpel is armed with 3, sometimes 4, prickly points). pubescence; pedicels shorter than the leaves ; carpels 2-horned.
Tourn. inst. t. 141. Lin. gen. no. 532. D.C. prod. 1.
O.S. Native of Ceylon.-Burm. zeyl. 265. t. 106. f. 1.
Lin. syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted, Flowers yellow. Fruit angular, hairy.
usually permanent. Petals 5, spreading. Stamens 10. Style Woolly Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Pl. trailing.
very short, with a broad stigma. Carpels 4-5, adhering to 7 T. MA'XIMUS (Lin. spec. 553.) leaves of 3 or 4 pairs of
the axis, triangular, indehiscent, hard, covered on the outside leaflets, outer ones largest ; pedicels shorter than the leaves ;
with tubercles or spines, transversely many-celled inside, rarely carpels unarmed, connected together into a 10-ribbed, 10-seeded
1-celled, with a solitary, horizontal, exalbuminous seed in each fruit. O.S. Native of Jamaica and St. Thomas, in sandy,
cell. Cotyledons thickish (Gært, fruct. 1. t. 69.)-Diffuse trail- arid places. Jacq. icon. rar. t. 462. Lam. ill. t. 346. f. 2.
ing herbs, with abruptly-pinnate leaves and membranous sti- Capsule of 10 1-celled carpels. The flowers are pale yellow,
pulas. Pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, solitary. Flowers usually and have an agreeable odour.
yellow, rarely white.
Greatest Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1739. Pl. trailing.
1 T. CISTOìdes (Lin. spec. 554.) leaves with 8 pairs of rather 8 T. TRIJUGA'TUS (Nutt. gen. amer. 1. p. 277.) leaves with
equal leaflets, which are silky beneath; pedicels length of pe- 3 pairs of leaflets, outer ones largest ; pedicels ? carpels crested
tioles. 2. S. Native of South America and the West Indies, and muricated, 1-seeded. O. H. Native of North America
in dry, sandy, barren places, also of the island of O Wahu. in Georgia about Savannah. Flowers yellow,
Jacq. hort. schoenb. t. 103. Ker. bot. reg.t. 791.--Herm. par. Three-paired-leaved Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819.
t. 136.—Pluk. phyt. t. 67. f. 4. The capsule, according to Pl. trailing
Kunth, is of 5 carpels, each divided into 2 or 3 transverse cells, 9 T. PUBE'scens ; pubescent ; leaves with 3 pairs of leaflets.
armed outside with sharp spines. This is a beautiful species, O. S. Native of Acra in Guinea. Flowers small, cream-
with large yellow flowers, resembling those of some species coloured, Capsules prickly,
of Helianthemum. It is very common about Kingston in Ja- Pubescent Caltrops. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1822. Pl. trailing.
maica, and is planted in many gardens there for the sake of its Cult. The annual species of this genus require to be sown
flowers, which are very shewy, and have an agreeable smell. in a moderate hot-bed in spring, and about the middle of May
Fowls are observed to feed much upon them, and it is thought the plants may be planted out in a warm sheltered situation in
to heighten their flavour, as well as to contribute to fatten them. the open border, where they will ripen their seeds. The peren-
Hence the plant is called Turkey-blossom.
nial species will grow very well in a mixture of loam and peat,
Rock-rose-like-flowered Caltrops. Fl. July, Nov. Clt. 1752. and they may be either increased by cuttings or seeds.
2 T. A’LBUS (Poir. dict. 8. p. 44.) leaves with usually 8 pairs
of rather equal leaflets, which are villous on both surfaces ; II. EHRENBE'RGIA (in honour of C. G. Ehrenberg, a
pedicels shorter than the petioles. 24. S. Native of Guinea, traveller in Egypt, Lybia, and Arabia, author of Sylva Myco-
very common at Cape Coast, Acra, and Whidah, in sandy, barren logicæ Berolinensis, and other works). Mart. A. bras. 1. p.
places. Petals whitish, hardly longer than the calyx.
White-flowered Caltrops. Fi. Ju. Aug. Clt. 1826. Pl. trailing. LIN. Syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5-6 sepals. Pe-
3 T. terre'STRIS (Lin. spec. 554.) leaves with usually 6 pairs tals 5-6, spreading. Stamens 10-12, alternate ones inserted in
of rather equal leaflets ; pedicels shorter than the petioles ; the claws of the petals; the others in the receptacle. Carpels
carpels 4-horned. O. H. Native of the south of Europe, usually 10, 1-seeded, disposed in a whorl around the central
Barbary, Senegal, and the Mauritius, in barren, sandy places. axis, crested on the back. .
Leaves villous and almost smooth. Lam. ill. t. 346.f. 1. Schkuhr. 1 E. TRIBULOIDES (Mart. fl. bras. 1. c.). O. S. Native
handb. 1. t. 115.-Lob. icon. 2. t. 84.-Mor. hist. sect. 2. t. 8. of Brazil. Tribulus Brasiliensis, Spreng. syst. app. p. 343.
f. 9.—Barrel. icon. t. 558. Capsule of 5 carpels, each having A branching, diffuse, pubescent herb, with abruptly-pinnate
2 or 3 transverse cells. Flowers yellow. This is a very com- leaves, having 5-6 pairs of opposite or alternate leaflets, axil-
mon species in the south of Europe, in arable land, and is trou- lary, 1-flowered pedicels, bearing coppery, vermilion-coloured
blesome to cattle by the prickly fruit running into their feet. flowers.
The French name of this plant is La Croix de Chevalier. Our Tribulus-like Ehrenbergia. Pl. trailing.
English appellation of Caſtrops, is taken from the form of the Cult. The seeds of this plant may be raised on a hot-bed,
fruit, which resembles the machines which are cast in the way and when the plants have grown 2 or 3 inches, they may be
to obstruct an enemy's cavalry.
planted out in the open border in a sheltered situation, in the
Earth or Common Caltrops. Fl. Ju. Jul. Clt. 1596. Pl. tr. month of May.
5 F
-
Pl. trailing.
72.
t. 163.
VOL. I.

770
ZYGOPHYLLEÆ. III. FAGONIA. IV. LARREA. V. ROEPERA.
a
.
a
III. FAGO'NIA (in honour of M. Fagon, archiater to Louis Olivier's Fagonia. Shrub 1 foot.
1
XIV. who was a great patron of botany). Tourn. inst. t. 141. 10 F. BRUGUIE'RI (D. C. prod. 1. p. 704.) leaves simple,
Lin. gen. no. 531. D. C. prod. 1. p. 704. Andr. Juss. ann. oblong, pointed; stipulas spiny, longer than the leaves ; branches
mus. 12. p. 453. t. 14. no. 2.
tetragonal ; pedicels very short; fruit pubescent. 2. G. Na-
LIN.Syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted,
SYST.
tive between Bagdad and Aleppo. Root woody. Stem branched
deciduous. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10 ; filaments from the base, hardly a finger high. Flowers probably yellow.
naked at the base. Stigma 1, acute, 5-furrowed. Ovary acutely Bruguier's Fagonia. Pl. foot.
5-angled, 5-celled, acuminated ; cells 2-valved, 1-seeded. Em- Cult. Fagònia is a genus of pretty little shrubby looking
bryo straight in the axis of a fleshy albumen (Gært. fruct. 2. plants. They are only to be increased by seeds, which should
p. 153. t. 113.).--Herbs or subshrubs, with simple or ternate be sown in pots in autumn, in a light rich soil ; these should
leaves, usually with spiny twin stipulas at their base, and axil- be placed under a frame in winter ; in spring several of the plants
lary, solitary, 1-flowered pedicels. Flowers purple or violet, may be potted off in separate pots and placed among the green-
seldom yellowish.
house plants, others may be planted out in the open border, in
§ 1. Leaves trifoliate.
a warm sheltered situation, 10 inches apart; thus they will
flower early and ripe seeds may be obtained.
1 F. Cre’TICA (Lin. spec. 553.) leaflets linear-lanceolate,
The shrubby
smooth ; stipulas spiny; ovaries smooth. h. G. Native of species hardly last more than three years, therefore care should
Candia, Mauritania, and Spain, on mountains, in places exposed
be taken to preserve their seeds.
to the sun. Lam. ill. t. 346. Curt. bot. mag. t. 241. F.
erécta, Mill. dict. no. 1. Stem procumbent, rarely erect. IV. LA'RREA in honour of John Anthony de Larrea, a
Flowers purple, with yellow stamens.
Spanish promoter of the sciences). Cav. icon. 6. p. 36. D.C.
Cretan Fagonia. Fl. June, Aug. Cit. 1739. Shrub 1 foot prod. 1. p. 705. Andr. Juss. ann. du mus. 12. p. 456. t. 15.
or trailing.
no. 5.
2 F. HISPA'NICA (Lin. spec. 553.) leaflets linear-lanceolate ; LIN. SYST. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted,
stipulas not spiny. 3. F. Native of Spain. Mill. dict. no. unequal. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10; filaments scaly
2. This is a doubtful species; it is probably only a variety at the base; anthers cordate. Ovary on a short stipe, 5-fur-
of the preceding. Flowers purple, with yellow stamens, rowed, 5-celled. Style 1, pentagonal, acute at apex, at length
Spanish Fagonia. Fl. June, Aug. Cit.? Pl. trailing. 5-cleft. Capsule of 5 1-celled carpels, constantly joined toge-
3 F. ARA'BICA (Lin. spec. 553.) leaflets linear, mucronate, ther, with a solitary seed in each cell from abortion. Albumen
convex beneath; stipulas spiny, elongated; ovaries villous.
;
dense. Embryo straight.--Small shrubs with alternating distich
N.G. Native of Barbary, Egypt, and Arabia. Stem much branches, and pinnate, 2-lobed or 2-parted leaves, with 2 short,
branched. Spines very long. Flowers purple or violet.
acute stipulas at their base. Pedicels solitary, axillary, 1-
Arabian Fagonia. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1759. Sh. 1į foot.
.
flowered. Flowers yellow.
4 F. GLUTINÒSA (Delil. fl. ægyp. 86. t. 28. f. 2.) leaflets obo- 1 L. nítida (Cav. icon. 6. t. 559.) leaves impari-pinnate,
vate, mucronate ; stipulas spiny, shorter than the petioles; stems smooth, clammy, with 5 or 7 pairs of approximate linear leaflets.
prostrate, dichotomous, and are, as well as the fruit, clammy. Þ.G. Native of Buenos Ayres near Mendoza. Ovary villous.
h. G. Native of the North of Africa in the desert of Cairo. Shining-leaved Larrea. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1823. Sh. 8 ft.
F. scàbra, Forsk. descr. 88.? Flowers purple or violet.
2 L. DIVARICA'TA (Cav. icon. 6. t. 560. f. 1.) leaves sessile,
Clammy Fagonia. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1820. Sh. prostrate. 2-lobed, villous; lobes deep, lanceolate, divaricate. h. G.
5 F. MÓLLIS (Delil. fl. egyp. 76. t. 27. f. 2.) leaflets oval, Native along with the preceding. Ovary and fruit beset with
mucronate, villous ; stipulas spiny, length of petioles; stem
long hairs.
shrubby, diffuse, villous at the apex; fruit hispid. h. G. Divaricate-lobed Larrea. Shrub 6 feet.
Native along with the preceding. Flowers purplish.
3 L. CUNEIFOLIA (Cav. icon. 6. t. 560. f. 2). leaves almost
Soft Fagonia. Shrub diffuse.
sessile, villous, cuneated, 2-lobed at the apex, with a prominent
6 F. LATIFÒLIA (Delil. fl. egyp. 86. t. 28. f. 3.) lateral leaflets bristle between the lobes. Þ.G. Native along with the two
lanceolate, acute, middle one larger and obovately orbicular; preceding.
stipulas small, spiny. O. G. Native of Egypt, near Cairo. Wedge-leaved Larrea. Shrub 6 feet.
Flowers purplish or violet.
Cult. These pretty shrubs will thrive well in a mixture of
Broad-leaved Fagonia. Pl. trailing.
loam, peat, and sand ; and young cuttings, planted under a bell-
§ 2. Leaves simple.
glass, will strike root freely.
7 F. Mysore'nsis (Roth. nov. spec. 215.) leaves simple,
linear, ending in a cartilaginous point; stipulas spiny, subulate, V. ROEPE'RA (J. Roeper, author of a monograph of Ger-
rough, longer than the leaves; pedicels twice as short as the man and Hungarian Euphorbias). Andr. Juss. in mem. mus.
leaves. O? S. Native of Mysore in the East Indies. Flowers 12. p. 454. t. 15. no. 3.
yellow?
Lin. syst. Octándria Monogynia. Calyx permanent, deeply
Mysore Fagonia. Pl. 1 foot.
4-parted. Petals 4, unguiculate. Stamens 8; filaments naked
8 F. PE'RSICA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 704.) leaves simple, oval; at the base. Ovary with 4 scales at the base, 4-ribbed, 4-celled.
stipulas spiny, awl-shaped, shorter than the leaves; pedicels Style and stigma 4-furrowed. Capsule 4-angled, with the an-
rather longer than the leaves. O. H. Native of Persia. F. gles expanded into reticulately-veined wings, 4-celled, 3 of which
I'ndica, Burm. fl. ind. p. 102. t. 34. f. 1. Flowers yellow. are usually abortive. Seed solitary from abortion, ovate, acute,
Persian Fagonia. Pl. į foot.
compressed, scabrous. Embryo slender.-Shrubs with twin
9 F.OLIVE'RII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 704.) leaves simple, oblong- leaflets and stipulas. Peduncles solitary or twin, axillary,
linear; stipulas spiny, hardly the length of the leaves; pedicels 1-flowered. Flowers pale-yellow. This genus has the habit of
very short; fruit pubescent. Þ.G. Native between Bagdad Zygophyllum.
and Aleppo. This species has the habit of F. Pérsica, but the i R. BILLARDIE'RII (Andr. Juss. mem. mus. 12. p. 454.)
spines are longer and the pedicels very short. Flowers yellow. leaves bifoliate, stalked ; leaflets oblong, fleshy, flat; stem de-
a

ZYGOPHYLLEÆ. V. ROEPERA. VI. ZYGOPHYLLUM.
771
h. G.
a
-
-
cumbent. h. G. Native of New Holland. Zygophyllum Var. B, insuàve (Curt. bot. mag. t. 372.) petals oblong, with
Billardierii, D. C. prod. 1. p. 705. Sepals reflexed. Flowers a heart-shaped, brown spot at the base of each ; fruit bearing
small, yellow.
pedicels deflexed; petioles with a bristle at the apex.
La Billardier's Roepera. Shrub decumbent.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
2 R. FRUTICULÒSa (Andr. Juss. 1. c.) leaves bifoliate, stalked ; Fetid Bean-caper. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub 4 ft.
leaflets oblong, fleshy, flat : pedicels very short; stem shrubby, 6 Z. DECU’MBENS (Delil. Al. egyp. 77. t. 27. f. 3.) leaves
erect.
h.G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. stalked, leaflets oblong-obovate, fleshy, flat; pedicels erect ;
Zygophyllum fruticulosum, D. C. prod. 1. p. 707. Flowers capsules turbinately-spherical, umbilicate at the apex. 2. G.
small, yellow.
Native of Egypt. Stem decumbent. Flowers yellow. Floriferous
Shrubby Roepera. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 ft. branches dichotomous.
Cult. These pretty little shrubs will grow freely in a mix- Decumbent Bean-caper. Pl. prostrate.
ture of loam, peat, and sand; and young cuttings will strike 7 Z. MACULA'TUM (Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 60.) leaves stalked :
root freely if planted in a pot of sand, under a hand-glass. leaflets linear-lanceolate. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Petals yellow, marked with a red cordate spot at the
VI. ZYGOPHY'LLUM (from Suyos, zygos, a yoke, and base of each, above which in the 3 upper ones is a transverse
pullov, phyllon, a leaf; the leaves are conjugate). Lin. gen. red line.
no. 530. D. C. prod. 1. p. 705. Andr. Juss. mem. mus. 12. p.. Spotted-petalled Bean-caper. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1782. Shrub
455. t. 15. no. 4.–Fabago, Tourn. inst. t. 230.
3 feet.
Lin. syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx unequal, deeply 8 Z. MICROPHYÖLLUM (Thunb. prod. 80.) leaves almost sessile ;
5-parted. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10 ; filaments fur- leaflets ovate, smooth, minute, obcordate; capsules of 5 com-
nished with a scaly appendage at the base on their inside. Ovary pressed lobes, retusely emarginate. h. G. Native of the Cape
seated on a short gynophore, which is sometimes convex or of Good Hope. Peduncles capillary. Flowers small, yellow.
almost wanting, but usually concave or disk-like, glandular, Petals entire.
hypogynous. Style 1, tapering into a minute stigma. Capsule Small-leaved Bean-caper. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Shrub
oblong, 5-sided, 5-celled, 5-valved; valves at length separating. 1 to 2 feet.
Seeds somewhat reniform, many in each cell, disposed in 2 rows, 9 Z. MORGSA'NA (Lin. spec. 551.) leaves on short stalks ;
fixed to the inner angle, without albumen (Gært. fr. 2. t. 112.). leaflets obovate; petiole ending in a spiny bristle ; capsules
Embryo slender.--Herbs and shrubs, with fleshy, simple, or somewhat inflated, 4-5-winged. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of
binate, rarely pinnate leaves. Stipulas twin, membranous. Good Hope. Burm. afr. 7. t. 3. f. 2.-Dill. elth. t. 116. f. 141.
. -.
Pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered. Flowers red, white, Flowers nodding, yellow, each petal having a purple spot at the
but for the most part yellow, with a dark base.
base. The plant is called Morgsani in Syria.
* Leaves simple.
Morgsana Bean-caper. Fl. May, Sept. Cit. 1732. Shrub
2 to 6 feet.
1 Z. SIMPLEX (Lin. mant. 68.) leaves simple, sessile, cylin- 10 Z. DE'BILE (Nees in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p. 46.) leaves
drical. O. F. Native of Egypt and Arabia in deserts, fre- slender, stalked ; leaflets elliptic, acuminated. h.G, Native
quent. Z. portulacoides, Forsk. descr. 88. with a figure, t. 12. of Canga and Groenberg, at the Cape of Good Hope. Stems
B. Flowers yellow. Capsules few-seeded. Scales of stamens numerous from the root, weak, tetragonal. Stipulas triangular.
2-parted. This plant is called Carmal in Arabia, and is esteemed Flowers yellow, with dark claws.
by the Arabs very good for removing specks in the eyes, for Weak Bean-caper. Shrub decumbent.
which purpose the bruised leaves are applied mixed with water. 11 Z. HO'RRIDUM (Nees in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p. 46.)
Simple-leaved Bean-caper. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1825. Pl. smooth, erect; stem strong, round, sometimes with the branches
trailing.
spinescent; petioles dilated ; leaflets coriaceous, fleshy.
2 Z. CORDIFOLIUM (Lin. fil. suppl. 232.) leaves simple, sessile, Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peduncles filiform. Stipu-
roundish, somewhat cordate. h. G. Native of the Cape of las triangular, acute, and white at the apex. Flowers yellow,
Good Hope. Ait. hort. kew. 2. p. 60. Flowers orange-yellow.
with dark claws.
Heart-leaved Bean-caper. Fl. Oct. Clt. 1774. Shrub 2 ft. Horrid Bean-caper. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
3 Z. SPATULA'TUM; stem prostrate ; leaves simple, spatulate, 12 Z. PARVIFÒLIUM ; stems woody, round ; leaves stalked,
sessile ; flowers sessile. 4. s. Native of the Cape Verd fleshy ; leaflets narrow, elliptical; stipulas membranous, shining,
Islands, particularly in St. Jago, in the date plantation below the white; peduncles shorter than the leaves. h. G. Native of the
Fort. Flowers small, yellow.
Cape of Good Hope, on the banks of the Orange river. Z. micro-
Spatulate-leaved Bean-caper. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1824. phyllum, Nees in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p. 46. Flowers yellow.
.
Small-leaved Bean-caper. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
13 Z. LICHTENSTEINIA'NUM (Nees in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p.
** Leaves bifoliate ; leaflets flat, smooth.
47.) leaves coriaceous, stalked ; leaflets oblique, arched on the
4 Z. FABAGO (Lin. spec. 551.) leaves stalked ; leaflets ob- outside, and cut on the inside, rounded at the top. . G. Na-
ovate ; pedicels erect; calyxes smooth; petals undivided. 2. H. tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers solitary, yellow.
Native of Syria, Tauria, and Mauritania. Lam. ill. t. 345. f. 1. Lichtenstein's Bean-caper. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
Petals yellow, but of copper brick-colour at the base. Root 14 Z. DICHO'TOMUM (Nees in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p. 48.)
thick, fleshy, striking deep into the ground.-Besl. eys. oest. 10. branches many times dichotomous; leaves few, minute, on short
t. 1. f. 1.--Park. theatr. 1024. 5. icon. 1023. 5.
stalks, coriaceous; leaflets obliquely-obcordate. h. G. Native
Common Bean-caper. Fl. July, Sept. Pl. 1 to 4 feet.
1
of the Cape of Good Hope, at the Orange river. A tall tree.
5 Z. FE'TIDUM (Schrad. et Wendl. sert. han. p. 17. t. 19.) Dichotomous-branched Bean-caper. Tree.
leaves stalked ; leaflets obovate; flowers nodding; calyx downy ;
1
15 Z. FU'LVUM (Lin. spec. ed. 1st. p. 386.) leaves sessile ;
petals reflexed, cut. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good leaflets obovate, flat, smooth ; capsule acutely 5-angled. .G.
Hope. Petals orange-yellow, each with a purple spot at the Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers yellow, with a large
base.
dark spot at the base of each petal.
h.G.
.
.
Pl. trailing
.
5 F 2

772
ZYGOPHYLLEÆ. VI. ZygoPHYLLUM. VII. GUAIACUM.
;
a
Fulvous-flowered Bean-caper. Shrub 3 feet.
***** Leaves pinnate.
16 Z. RETROFRACTUM (Thunb. prod. 80.) leaves stalked ;
leaflets obovate, smooth ; pedicels shorter than the leaves; ovary
25 Z. PINNA'TUM (Nees in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p. 48.)
deeply 5-lobed. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Branches spreading, recurved. Flowers very small. This species winged rachis, obliquely-lanceolate; stipulas small, triangular,
smooth ; leaves pinnate, with 4-5 pairs of leaflets on a narrow-
comes nearest to Ž. microphyllum.
with white jagged margins ; flowers large, solitary or twin, on
Retrograde-branched Bean-caper. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
short pedicels. h.S. Native of Asia ?
17 Z. SESSILIFÒLIUM (Lin. spec. 552.) leaves almost sessile
leaflets lanceolate-oval; petioles ending in a spiny bristle ; cap-
Pinnate-leaved Bean-caper. Shrub.
sules globose, depressed, wingless. Þ.G. Native of the Cape
ḥ.G. Native of the Cape the preceding, but differs in the leaflets being 1-2 pairs, and in
26 Z. MINIA'TUM (Nees in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p. 49.) like
of Good Hope. Sims, bot. mag. t. 2184.–Dill. hort. elth. t.
116. f. 142.—Burm. afr. 4. t. 2. f. 1. Petals sulphur or orange-
the leaflets being obovate and obtuse, as well as in the stipulas
being larger and obtuse. h. G. Native of Asia, towards Bok-
coloured, with a brown spot at the base of each, crenate at the
hara on low hills, near Agetma.
tip. In some specimens the branches are much angled, in
Vermilion Bean-caper. Shrub.
others round, therefore there are probably two species confused.
Sessile-leaved Bean-caper. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1713. Shrub
27 Z. PORTULACOÌDES (Nees in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p. 50.)
leaves pinnate, with 1-2 pairs of leaflets; flowers solitary at the
3 feet.
18 Z. SPINÒSUM (Lin. mant. 380.) leaves almost sessile ; leaf-
wings of the bud; leaflets oblique, obovate, obtuse, and rather
lets linear, fleshy, flattish; petioles ending in a spiny bristle. h.
emarginate ; stipulas large, semicircular ; flowers apetalous ;
filaments with fringed scales, adnate to their base ; peduncles
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.—Burm. afr. 5. t. 2. f. 2.
exhibits spines along the branches, but in the specimens we have
longer than the petioles. h.G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope.
seen the only spines are those terminating the petioles. Flowers
Portulaca-like Bean-caper. Shrub.
nodding, yellow.
Spiny-stipuled Bean-caper. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1820. Shrub
2 feet.
† An anomalous 3-leaved species, which probably should be
19 Z. CAPE'NSE (Lam. dict. 2. p. 443.) leaves sessile; leaflets
removed from the genus.
obovate-roundish, fleshy. Þ.G.
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Hope. Flowers red.
28 Z.? LANATUM (Willd. spec. 2. p. 564.) leaves trifoliate ;
Cape Bean-caper. Shrub 2 feet.
leaflets papillose beneath ; stem flexuous, with woolly joints. 4.
20 Z. ÆstuANS (Lin. spec. 552.) leaves almost sessile ;
S. Native of Sierra Leone. Filaments a little dilated at the
leaflets obovate, retuse ; petioles ending in a little bristle ; sti- base. Styles 5. Capsules opening at the base, 5-celled, 5-
pulas 5 at each joint, sometimes twin, sometimes solitary. 4. S.
seeded. Therefore this plant is perhaps a proper genus.
Native of Surinam. Flowers and fruit unknown.
Woolly Bean-caper. Pl. ?
Stinging Bean-caper. Pl. 1 foot.
Cult. Zygophyllum is a genus of herbaceous plants and shrubs,
bearing very pretty flowers. The greenhouse, stove, and frame
*** Leaves bifoliate ; leaflets terete.
species will thrive in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand ; and
cuttings of the perennial and shrubby, kinds will root freely
21 Z. COCCI'NEUM (Lin. spec. 551.) leaves stalked ; leaflets
in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, but as a few of them
cylindrical, fleshy, smooth ; pedicels erect; petals acuminated ; ripen their seeds this will be unnecessary. The annual species
capsules cylindrical. . G. Native of Mauritania, in dry
.
should be sown in pots in the same kind of soil, and placed in a
deserts ; also of Egypt.—Shaw. afr. f. 231. Z. desertòrum, hot-bed, where they may remain until they have seeded, or they
Forsk. descr. 87. icon. t. 11. Flowers scarlet. All kinds of may be removed to the greenhouse. Z. Fabāgo is the only
.
cattle, and even camels, refuse to eat this plant.
hardy herbaceous kind ; it will grow well in any light soil, in a
;
Scarlet-flowered Bean-caper. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 foot.
dry situation, otherwise it is apt to rot; it is only to be increased
22 Z. Aʼleum (Lin. fil. dec. 1. t. 8.) leaves stalked ; leaflets cy-
by seeds, which sometimes ripen in this country; these require
1
lindrical, club-shaped, fleshy, cobwebbed; pedicels erect; petals
to be sown in a pot, and placed in a frame, and when the plants
blunt ; capsules cylindrically-pentagonal. ħ. G. Native of
are about 4 inches high, they may be planted out in the open
Egypt, Barbary, and the Canary Islands. D.C. pl. grass. t. 154.
border in a warm, dry, sheltered situation,
Z. prolíferum, Forsk. descr. 87. icon. t. 12. A.
bent. Petals white, crenate.
VII. GUAI'ACUM (Guaiac is the South American name
White-flowered Bean-caper. Fl. Oct. Nov. Clt. 1779. Shrub of the tree). Plum. gen. t. 17. Lin. gen. no. 518. D. C. prod.
trailing.
1. p. 706. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 456. t. 15. no. 5.
LIN. SYST. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted
**** Leaves bifoliate; leaflets scabrous.
into unequal segments. Petals 5, unguiculate. Stamens 10 ;
filaments naked. Ovary tapering into a stipe at the base,
23 Z. PROSTRA'TUM (Thunb. prod. app. 189.) leaflets scabrous; 2-5-angled, 2-5-celled. Style 1, short, with an acute stigma.
stem decumbent ; joints hairy. 2. G. Native of the Cape of Capsule on a very short stipe, rather fleshy, 2-5-angled, 2-5-
Good Hope. Flowers yellow ?
celled, containing only one seed in each cell from abortion, ovoid,
Prostrate Bean-caper. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1810. Pl. pros- smooth, fixed to the axis, pendulous. Albumen cartilaginous,
trate.
chinky. Embryo almost straight, with thickish cotyledons.-
24 Z. TRIDENTATUM (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined. D. C. Trees with very hard wood. Leaves abruptly-pinnate, with
prod. 1. p. 706.) leaves almost sessile ; leaflets obovate, villous ; twin stipulas at their base. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered.
petals and scales of stamens 3-toothed at the apex.
h.G.
Flowers usually blue.
Native of Mexico. Petals yellow. Filaments purple. Fruit 1 G. DU'BIUM (Forst. prod. no. 186.) leaves with one pair of
very hairy, and perhaps 5-seeded.
oblong-lanceolate blunt leaflets. n. š. Native of the island
Three-toothed-petalled Bean-caper. Shrub.
of Tongatabu, in the South Seas.
Stem procum-

ZYGOPHYLLEÆ. VII. GUAIACUM. VIII. PORLIERIA. IX. CHITONIA.
1773
a
a
Doubtful Lignum-vitæ. Tree.
Holy Lignum-vitæ. Tree 20 feet.
2 G. OFFICINA'LE (Lin. spec. 546.) leaves with 2 pairs of ob- 6 G. ARBOREUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 707.) leaves with 7-14
ovate or oval, blunt leaflets ; peduncles twin; fruit 2-celled. pairs of oval-oblong, blunt leaflets, which are unequal at the base,
h. S. Native of Jamaica and St. Domingo, in low lands. and are usually alternate ; petioles and branchlets somewhat
pu-
Woodv. med. bot. 43. t. 16.- Pluk. alm. 180. t. 35. f. 3. bescent. n. S. Native of Carthagena, Guadaloupe, and near
Sloan. jam. 2. p. 133. t. 222. f. 3-6.-Seb. thes. 1. p. 86. t. 53. Barcelona of Cumana, in woods. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer.
f. 2.- Blackw. t. 350. f. 1-2. Lam. ill. t. 342. Flowers blue. 6. p. 11. Zygophyllum arbòreum, Jacq. amer. 130. t. 83. pict.
Capsules often 2-angled. A tree about 30 feet high, and near a 35. t. 124. Racemes loose. Petals unguiculate, orange-co-
foot in the diameter of its trunk, with a very smooth bark, varie- loured. Stamens with short appendages at their base. Capsules
gated with green and white; the wood hard and ponderous, stipitate, 5-winged. This is a large tree, terminating in a beau-
dark olive-brown within, whitish towards the bark, having a tiful head, with very hard wood, and is called by the natives of
peculiar acid aromatic scent, and well known in England by the Cumana Guaiacum, but they give this name to all hard woods.
name of Brazil-wood or Lignum-vite. The wood and bark They have a notion that if it be buried in the ground it will be
were celebrated remedies for syphilitic complaints before mer- converted into stone.
cury came into use. The wood was first used in Spain in 1508 for Tree Lignum-vitæ. Fl. July. Clt. 1816. Tree 40 feet.
the cure of syphilis, under the title of Santo-Legno. In 1517 in Cult. These trees will grow well in a mixture of loam and
Italy, and 1518 in Germany. It is found in the shops only peat, and ripened cuttings taken off at a joint will strike root,
,
in a state of raspings or shavings, which are of a yellowish colour, if planted thinly in a pot of sand, under a hand-glass in heat,
but acquire a bluish-green colour on exposure to the fumes of but care should be taken when these have rooted not to break
nitrous acid, which is a characteristic of their being genuine. the fibres in potting them off, as they are truly brittle.
Its taste is bitterish, and when kindled it gives out a bitterish
smell. As guaiac is used only in decoction, its virtues must
VIII. PORLIERIA (in honour of Anthony de Porlier de
depend upon principles soluble in water. The resin exudes
Baxamar, a Spanish promoter of botany). Ruiz et Pav. prod.
spontaneously in drops, but is principally obtained by sawing the
wood into short billets, and bored longitudinally with an auger,
fl. per. p. 55. t. 9. D. C. prod. 1. p. 707. Andr. Juss. in mem.
.
mus. 12. p. 457. t. 16. no. 6.
.
one end is then set on a fire, so that a calabash may receive the
Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx deeply 4-parted.
melted resin as it runs through the holes so bored. It may also
be obtained by boiling the chips or raspings in water. The
Petals 4, somewhat unguiculate, connivent. Stamens 8; fila-
ments scaly at the base. Ovary seated on a short gynophore,
resin swims, and may be skimmed off. This resin is soluble in
.
a moderate heat, but is not softened by the heat of the fingers ;
4-furrowed, 4-celled. Fruit fleshy, globose, 4-lobed, 4-celled,
nevertheless they are of 4 distinct carpels, with a solitary seed
it is brownish externally, and the fracture bluish-green, when
in each cell, which is egg-shaped, smooth, and pendulous. Em-
swallowed causing an insufferable burning and pricking in the
throat. It is sometimes adulterated with common resin, but the
bryo rather arched.—A shrub with spreading stiff branches and
abruptly pinnate leaves, with twin spiny stipulas at their base.
fraud is easily detected by the smell of turpentine emitted when
Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered in fascicles. An intermediate
thrown on live coals. Guaiac taken internally commonly excites
genus between Guaíacum and Lárrea.
a sense of warmth in the stomach, a dryness of the mouth, with
1 P. HYGROME'TRICA (Ruiz et Pay. syst. fl. per. p. 94.).
thirst ; it increases the heat of the body, and quickens the cir-
culation. If the patient be kept warm, it produces diaphoresis ; leaflets, these remain spread open in serene weather, but con-
ħ. G. Native of Peru. Leaves with 7 or 8 pairs of linear
,
if exposed freely to the air, an increased flow of urine. In large
doses it is purgative.
tract before rain. This shrub possesses the same virtues as
those attributed to Guaíacum, which see.
Officinal or Common Lignum-vitæ, or Guaiacum. Fl. July,
Hygrometric Porlieria. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet.
Sept. Clt. 1694. Tree 30 feet.
.
Cult. This shrub will thrive well in a mixture of loam and
3 G. Bre'YNII (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 322.) leaves with 2 or 3
peat; and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted thinly in
pairs of unequal leaflets, extreme ones oblong-elliptical, unequal-
a pot of sand and placed under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
sided, middle pair obovate, lower ones roundish; peduncles um-
bellate. h.S. Native of South America, at the river Magda-
lena. Flowers blue.
§ 2. Zygophylleæ spuria, D. C. prod. 1. p. 707. Andr.
Breynius's Lignum-vitæ. Tree 20 feet.
Juss. mem. mus. 12. p. 458. Leaves alternate.
4 G. VERTICA'LE (Ort. dec. 8. p. 93.) leaves with 3 or 6 pairs,
but usually 5 pairs of oblong, coriaceous, mucronate leaflets, IX. CHITONIA (from Xitwy, chiton, an outer covering ;
outer ones obovate, and are, as well as the branches, very smooth. the seeds are covered with aril). Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined.
. S. Native of New Spain and St. Domingo. Pedicels usually icon. D. C. prod. 1. p. 707.
icon. D. C. prod. 1. p. 707. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12.
twin. Flowers blue, with vertical petals.
Vertical-petalled Lignum-vitæ. *Cit. 1820. Shrub 8 feet. Lin. syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, deci-
,
5 G. SA'NCTUM (Lin. spec. 546.) leaves with 5 or 7 pairs of duous. Petals 4, connivent, orbicular. Stamens 8. Ovary
oval, blunt, mucronulated leaflets : petioles and branchlets some- quadrangular. Style 1. Stigma peltate, hemispherical. Cap-
what pubescent; pedicels twin ; petals fringed; capsule 5-celled. sule 4-celled, 4-valved ; valves keeled, winged, therefore the
1. S. Native of South America, particularly in the island of capsule is 4-winged. Seeds 2 in each cell, truncate at the apex,
St. Domingo, New Spain, and Brazil. -Comm. bort. amst. 1. enclosed in fleshy aril.—Leaves alternate, and probably stipu-
p. 171. t. 88.-Hern. mex. 63.–Pluk. phyt. t. 94. f. 4. A laceous, impari-pinnate, with 6 pairs of ovate, stalked leaflets.
middle-sized knotty tree, whose wood, according to Hernandez, Pedicels twin, 1-flowered.
is internally blue. Flowers beautiful blue. It is called in some 1 C. Mexica'NA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex, icon. ined. D. C.
of the West India Islands Bastard Lignum-vitæ. The wood of prod. 1. p. 707.). n. S. Native of Mexico. Flowers large,
)
this species was first introduced as a cure for the venereal disease of a rose-purple colour. Seeds black, covered with red aril.
by the Spaniards, and being carried to the East Indies fetched Mexican Chitonia. Tree or shrub.
there an extravagant price, till it became more plentiful.
Cult. This plant will probably grow well in a mixture of
a
p. 518.

774 ZYGOPHYLLEÆ. X. BIEBERSTEINIA. XI. TRICHANTHERA. XII. ANATROPA. XIII. MELIANTHUS. XIV. BALANITES.
p. 458.
a
-
mag. t. 301.
p
loam and peat; and ripened cuttings, planted under a hand- Lin. gen. no. 795. D.C. prod. 1. p. 708. Andr. Juss. in mem.
1
glass, will perhaps root. The above method may be tried if mus. 12. p. 459. t. 28. no. 48.
ever the plant be introduced.
LIN. SYST
Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx coloured, large,
5-cleft, permanent, unequal, lower segment smaller than the
X. BIEBERSTE'INIA (in honour of Frederic Marschall rest, bulged at the base on the outside, with a corresponding
Bieberstein, counsellor of state of Russia, author of Flora Tau- hollow inside, full of honey fluid. Petals 5, strap-formed, 4
rico-Caucasica, and other works). Steph. mem. nat. mosc. 1. lower ones declined, connected in the middle, the fifth very
p. 89. D. C. prod. 1. p. 707. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. small. Stamens 4, hypogynous, with the two upper filaments
distinct, but the two lower ones are joined together at the base.
Lin. syst. Decándria, Pentagynia. Calyx deeply 5-parted, Ovary with 4 stripes.
Calyx deeply 5-parted, Ovary with 4 stripes. Style 1, terminated by a somewhat 4-
irregular. Petals 5, twisted in the bud, unguiculate. Sta- cleft stigma. Capsule membranaceous, 4-lobed, 4-celled, winged,
mens 10, hypogynous ; filaments awl-shaped, rather villous, opening by the inner angle, each cell containing 2 ovulæ, but
the 5 shortest opposite the petals, the alternate ones with a scale only one of them comes to maturity. Seed ovate, shining. Al-
at the base of each on the outside ; anther oscillatory. Ovaries 5, bumen fleshy. Embryo with small linear cotyledons longer
distinct at the apex, but connate at the base. Styles 5, simple, than the radicle.-Shrubs with glandless, impari-pinnate leaves,
rising from the middle of the ovaries. Carpels 1-seeded, with toothed leaflets, and distinct or joined stipulas. Racemes
arillate inside.-Perennial herbs beset with glandular hairs. many-flowered, spike-formed. Leaves having a strong unplea-
Leaves impari-pinnate, with cut leaflets. Stipulas adhering to sant scent when bruised.
the petioles. Racemes terminal, simple.
1 M. Ma'jor (Lin. spec. 892.) leaves smooth on both surfaces,
1 B. ODÒRA (Steph. 1. c.) leaflets roundish, deeply toothed; glaucous; stipulas large, joined to the petiole. H. H. Native of
petals entire. 4. F. Native of the Altaian mountains at the the Cape of Good Hope. Lam. ill. t. 552. Ker. bot. reg.-t.
falls of Tschuia. Flowers probably yellow. .
45. Leaflets large. Flowers of a brown chocolate colour.-
Sweet-scented Biebersteinia. Pl.?
Herm. lugd. bat. t. 415.
2 B. MULTÍFIDA (D. C. prod. 1. p.708.) leaflets multifid into Great Honey-flower. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1688. Sh. 6 ft.
linear lobes ; petals toothed. 4. F. Native of Persia.
2 M. Mìnor (Lin. spec. 892. exclusive of the synonym of
Multifid-leaved Biebersteinia. Pl.?
Comm.) leaves smooth above and hoary beneath ; stipulas dis-
Cult. These plants should be kept in pots in a mixture of tinct. h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Curt. bot.
loam, peat, and sand, and they may be increased by seeds.
Racemes axillary, elongated, drooping. Bracteas
linear, attenuated. Flowers of a dark-brown colour in whorls ;
XI. TRICHANTHERA (from Tpg TPixos, trix trichos, a lower part of petals green, upper part saffron-coloured, and
hair, and avoypa, anthera, an anther; in allusion to the anthers blush or fine red on the bulged part of the lower sepal. Leaves
being bristly). Ehrenberg, in Schlecht. Linnæa. 4. p. 401. deep green on the upper surface, but hoary below.
LIN. SYST.
Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals Smaller Honey-flower. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1696. Shrub 5 feet.
5, linear, hypogynous. Stamens 5, free; filaments flat; anthers 3 M. comÒsus (Vahl. symb. 3. p. 85.) leaves villous above,
setaceous. Disk glandless. Styles numerous, crowned by downy beneath ; stipulas distinct. h.G. Native of the Cape
simple capitate stigmas. Capsule ovate, stipitate, bluntly penta- of Good Hope. Comm. rar. t. 4. Racemes leafy beneath.
gonal, 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded. Seeds naked, albu- Bracteas cordate. Flowers alternate, in pendent clusters, of a
minous.
yellowish colour. Capsules hoary.
1 T. MODE'STA (Ehrenb. 1. c. p. 402.). 4. or O. F. Na- Tufted Honey-flower. Clt. 1820, Shrub 4 feet.
tive of Arabia near Djedda towards Mecca. A slender herb, 2 Cult. These shrubs will thrive well in any light rich soil,
or 3 inches high. Leaves alternate, stipulate, setaceously linear,
3
and cuttings will strike root freely under a hand-glass, or they
toothed at the apex. Flowers on long jointed peduncles, nod- may be increased by suckers, which are thrown out in plenty
ding. Petals twisted in the bud.
from the root. The M. màjor will grow and flower freely if
Modest Trichanthera. Pl. 2 to 3 inches.
planted against a wall in a warm situation, but it requires to be
Cult. A mixture of peat and sand will perhaps answer this sheltered in winter by a mat.
little plant; and it may be increased by seeds or cuttings planted
in mould under a hand-glass.
XIV. BALANI'TES (meaning unknown). Delil. fl. egyp.
XII. ANATRO'PA (ava, ana, upwards, and porn, trope, 77. D. C. prod. 1. p. 708.
turning ; spike turned like that of Heliotropium). Ehrenberg, in
Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Pe-
Schlecht. Linnæa. 4. p. 403.
tals 5. Stamens 10; filaments awl-shaped. Disk glandular,
LIN. SYST.
Tetrándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-cleft, valvate girding the ovary. Ovary 5-celled, 5-seeded. Drupe egg-
in the bud. Petals 4, hypogynous, imbricate in the bud. Sta- shaped, acute, 1-celled, 1-seeded from abortion; nut woody,
mens 4, free. Style short, clavate, crowned by a simple stigma. pentagonal
. Seed pendulous, with a fibrous covering, and a
Capsule fleshy, bluntly quadrangular, depressed, 4-valved, 4- thickened endopleura about the radicle. Radicle superior. Co-
celled ; cells 4-5-seeded.
tyledons semi-ovate. Plumule 2-leaved.-Trees with alternate
1 A. TENEʼLLA (Ehrenb. in Schlecht. Linnæa. 4. p. 404.). bifoliate leaves and axillary spines. Pedicels 1-flowered, aggre-
2. F. Native of Arabia. A slender, fleshy, smooth plant; gate. Flowers small, whitish.
lower leaves entire, upper ones alternate and pinnatifid, auricled 1 B. ÆGYPTIACA (Delil. I. c. t. 28. f. 1.). ñ.S. Native of
with stipulas. Flowers disposed in a spike, turned like that of tropical Africa, and is now cultivated in Egypt.-Agihalib, P.
Heliotropium.
Alp. æg. 20. t. 11. Ximènia Ægyptiaca, Lin. spec. 1194.
Tender Anatropa. Pl. 4 inches, ascending.
seed of this tree is usually mixed with gum Senegal.
Cult. See Trichanthèra for cultivation and propagation. Egyptian Balanites. Clt.? Tree 20 feet.
2 B. Ferox (D. C. prod. 1. p. 708.) putamen more acute,
XIII. MELIA'NTHUS (from uɛlı, meli, honey, and avoos, narrower, and more furrowed ; leaflets roundish; spines longer.
anthos, a flower; flowers full of honey). Tourn. inst. t. 245.
Tourn. inst. t. 245. . S. Ximènia fèrox, Poir. dict. 8. p. 805. Native of St.
-
1194. The
1

ZYGOPHYLLEÆ. XIV. BALANITES. RUTACEÆ.
775
a
Domingo, where it has been most probably introduced by the Diósmas; broad or long-leaved Australian shrubs, covered with
negroes from Africa.
stellate pubescence, as Phebàlium, Crònea, and Corræ'a; or
Fierce Balanites. Tree 20 feet.
tropical trees, with panicles of palid flowers, as Zanthoxylums,
Cult. These trees will grow in a mixture of loam, sand, and
peat; and ripened cuttings will strike root freely, if planted in
and Cuspàrias. The medical properties of many genera are con-
a pot of sand, and placed under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat. siderable. Rūta and Péganum are ammenagogue, anthelmintic,
and sudorific. Cape Diósmas abounds in a volatile oil, with an
ORDER LIX. RUTACEÆ (plants agreeing with Rūta in im- agreeable smell, but acrid flavour ; several of the species are
portant characters). Juss. gen. 296. exclusive of the first sec- reputed antispasmodics. The Zanthóxylums are said to possess
tion. Brown, gen. rem. p. 13. D. C. prod. 1. p. 709.-Fraxi- acrid, stimulating, spasmodic, and tonic qualities. Z. clàva Hér-
néllæ, Diósmeæ, and Zanthoxyleæ, Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. culis and Z. fraxíneum are said in America to be powerful
xi. 149.180. and 184.
sudorifics and diaphoretics. According to Barton, they possess
p.
Flowers of all hermaphrodite, except in Tribe Zanthoxyleæ. a remarkable power of exciting salivation, not only when ap-
a
Calyx with 4-5, rarely 3 divisions, toothed (f. 123. a.), cleft or plied to the mouth, but even when taken internally; they have
parted. Petals equal in number to the divisions of the calyx both been found powerful remedies in paralysis of the mouth.
123. b.), and alternating with them, usually distinct (f. 123.
Z. cariba'um is regarded in Guiana as a detersive, vulnerary, and
b.), and longer than the calyx, rarely connected into a monope- febrifuge. Brūcea is used as an astringent in dysenteries. The
talous corolla, as in many of the genera belonging to Tribe Cus- famous frebrifugal Angustura bark is the produce of Galipea
parièæ, and in the genus Corræa, very rarely absent altogether. Cuspària. The leaves of the plants contained in this order are
Stamens sometimes equal in number with the petals, and alter- of various kinds; they are opposite or alternate, simple, trifoliate,
nating with them ; sometimes double that number (f. 123. d.), or abruptly and impari-pinnate, always without stipulas, which
with the alternate ones shortest ; sometimes these last are abor- distinguishes it from the last and the foregoing order, Zygo-
tive, and of a different figure to the others. Filaments inserted phyllea and Simarübeæ; they have usually various glands,
in the gynophore, rarely beneath the hypogynous disk, and more
which contain oil of a very strong-scented odour.
rarely perigynous, or adhering to the bottom of the calyx, in
Synopsis of the Genera.
consequence of the disk being joined with it; they are either
naked or furnished with a scale at the base, free, very rarely
TRIBE I.
connected at the base, or glued to the corolla, as in those with
RUTEÆ. Flowers regular. Stamens hypogynous. Ovary 3-5
monopetalous flowers. Anthers 2-celled (f. 123. c.), bursting lobed, 3-5 valved, 3-5 celled. Calyx of 4-5 divisions, with an
lengthwise. Ovary free, with the cells equal in number to the equal number of petals. Albumen fleshy. Shrubs or herbs, with
petals (f. 123. g.), and opposite them, rarely fewer, verticillate;
alternate leaves.
sometimes fixed around the common axis ; sometimes distinct to
1 PE'GANUM. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens 15, smooth. Style
the base (f. 123. f.), sometimes joined together. Ovulæ fixed to
crowned by a trigonal stigma. Capsule substipitate, nearly
the central placenta, usually 2 in each cell or carpel, rarely 1 or 4-
round, 3-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded.
20. Styles equal in number to the cells or carpels, usually con-
2 Ruta. Calyx 4-parted. Stamens 8. Styles 4, connected.
nected together in one (f. 123. e.), or only connected at the base
Ovary substipitate. Capsule 4-lobed, 4-celled.
or top, rarely wholly distinct. Stigma of as many lobes or furrows
3 APLOPHY'LLUM. Calyx 5-parted. Stamens 10. Styles 5,
as there are styles in those that are joined (f. 123. d.). Fruit
connected. Capsule 5-lobed, 5-celled.
sometimes simple, having as many valves (f. 123. g.) as there
4 CYMINÒSMA. Calyx 4-parted, unequal. Stamens 8. Style
are styles, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, dehis-
crowned by a 4-furrowed stigma. Berry 4-celled; cells 1-
cent, but more usually with an equal number of 2-valved, separ-
seeded.
able carpels (f. 123. f.), rarely indehiscent, composed of
TRIBE II.
many
drupes or carpels. Sarcocarp thin, or more or less fleshy. DIO'SMEÆ
Dio'sMEæ-EUROPÆA'NÆ. Flowers irregular. Stamens hypo-
Endocarp thin or woody, closely adhering to the sarcocarp, or gynous. Disk wanting. Ovaries 5, distinct. Albumen fleshy.
separable from it into a 2-valved elastic cocculum. Seeds
Petals equal in number with the divisions of the calyx.
fewer than the ovulæ from abortion, with a membranous or usually 5 DICTA'MNUS. Calyx 5-parted, unequal. Petals unequal.
with a testaceous covering. Albumen fleshy or cartilaginously Stamens 10, declinate.
Stamens 10, declinate. Style 1. Capsule substipitate, com-
horny, rarely wanting. Embryo white or greenish, with a posed of 5 2-seeded carpels.
straight radicle pointing towards the top of the cells, rarely
TRIBE III.
turned obliquely towards the hylum. Cotyledons of various
forms.
Dio'smeæ-Cape'nses. Flowers regular. Calyx 5-parted.
DIO'SMEÆCAPE'NSES
This is an interesting and extensive order, but rather hetero- Petals 5. Disk adhering to the calyx. Stamens perigynous.
geneous group of plants, natives of all countries and all situations. Anthers 5. Ovaries 1-5, connected. Albumen very thin or wanting.
The species are either fetid northern herbaceous plants, as the 6 CALODE'NDRON. Stamens 10, 5 of which are sterile and
Garden Rue; or neat heath-like southern shrubs, as the Cape petaloid, terminating in a gland. Anthers terminated by a gland.

1776
RUTACEÆ.
a
a
Anthers egg-
Style deflexed. Capsule 5-valved, 5-celled; cells 2-seeded. e.) and stigma 5-furrowed (f. 123. d.). Fruit of 5 capsular, 2-
Leaves opposite.
valved, 1-seeded carpels (f. 123. f.), girded by the calyx.
7 ADENA'NDRA. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals Leaves alternate, simple, entire.
sterile, each ending in a globose or concave gland. Anthers ter- 19 PhiloTHE'CA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, unguiculate.
minated by a shell-like, rarely globose, pedicellate gland. Car- Stamens 10, unequal, connate at the base, with the tube smooth,
pels 5, 1-2-seeded. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite.
and the free part of the filaments hairy. Fruit of 5 1-seeded
8 COLEONE`MA. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals sterile, carpels. Leaves alternate, linear.
.
and adnate to their base, fitted into a channel, and terminating 20 CRÒwEA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, sessile. Stamens
in a gland. Anthers terminated by a minute sessile gland. 10, unequal, fringed, lying close together. Anthers ending in a
Capsule of 5 horned carpels. Leaves scattered.
bearded appendage. Fruit of 5 1-seeded carpels. Leaves alter-
9 Diósma. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. Anthers
nate, entire.
round, terminated by a sessile gland. Style usually a little 21 EriosTE'MON. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, marcescent. .
arched. Capsule of 5 horned carpels. Leaves scattered or Stamens 10, unequal, free, fringed, tapering into a thread which
opposite.
bears the anthers. Fruit of 5, rarely 1-2 carpels. Leaves entire,
10 Euch£'tis. Stamens 5, opposite the calycine segments. alternate.
Anthers terminated by a minute globose gland. Capsule of 5 22 BORÒNIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, marcescent. Sta-
horned carpels. Petals bearded inside. Leaves scattered. mens 8, unequal, free. Anthers seated on the short threads
11 ACMADE'NIA. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals which terminate the filaments. Fruit of 4 2-valved carpels.
sterile or almost wanting. Anthers furnished with a conical Leaves simple or impari-pinnate.
gland at the apex. Style crowned by a 5-furrowed stigma. 23 Zie'RIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4.
Stamens 4, rarely
Capsule of 5 compressed, horned carpels. Leaves opposite. 8, smooth, with a gland on the inside of each. Capsule 4-lobed,
12 BARO'SMA. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals sterile, 4-celled, 4-seeded. Leaves trifoliate, seldom simple.
fringed, petaloid, obscurely glandular at the apex. .
TRIBE V.
shaped, usually furnished with a minute gland at the apex.
,
Capsule of 5 auricled carpels. Leaves opposite or scattered. DiósMEÆ-AMERICA'NÆ. Flowers regular. Petals free. Sta-
13 AGATHÓSMA. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals mens twice the number of the ovaries. Disk surrounding the
sterile, spatulate, beset with glandular dots. Anthers terminated ovaries, or wanting. Styles connected, crowned by as many lobes
by a globular gland. Capsule of 5 joined, horned carpels. as there are cells or carpels. Albumen fleshy, rarely wanting.
Leaves scattered.
Trees or shrubs, with opposite, alternate, simple, bifoliate, and
14 Macróstylis. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals. trifoliate leaves. Flowers axillary or terminal, panicled, race-
Anthers globose, each furnished with a minute gland at the apex. . mose or corymbose.
Capsule of 3 horned carpels. Leaves scattered, rarely opposite. 24 MELICOPE. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, unguiculate, ap-
15 EMPLEURUM. Flowers monoecious or polygamous from proximate. Stamens 8. Ovaries 4, surrounded by 4 large,
abortion. Calyx 4-cleft. Disk and petals wanting. Stamens didymous glands. Leaves opposite, ternate.
4, with the anthers longer than the filaments, each terminated 25 EvÒDIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Ovaries
by an immersed gland. Carpels 1-2, legume-formed, 2-valved, 4, surrounded by a cup-shaped, 4-lobed disk. Fruit of 4, rarely
1-seeded, horned. Leaves alternate, serrulated.
fewer, 2-valved, 1-seeded carpels. Leaves opposite, simple, and
trifoliate.
TRIBE IV.
26 ESENBECKIA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 5.
Diósm.Æ-AUSTRALA'SICÆ. Flowers regular (f. 123. b.). Pe- Ovary sessile, tubercled, 5-lobed, 5-celled, surrounded by a 5-
tals 4-5. Stamens hypogynous, double the number of the pe- lobed disk? Leaves alternate, simple, and trifoliate.
tals (f. 123. d. c.), all fertile. Disk wanting. Ovaries distinct 27 METRODOREA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5.
Petals 5, Stamens 5.
or connected. Styles joined, crowned by an equal number (f. 123.6.) Ovary buried in the disk, and confused with its substance, tu-
of stigmas. Albumen dense, Shrubs, natives of New Holland. bercled, 5-lobed, 5-celled. Cells 1-2-seeded. Leaves oppo-
16 CORRÆ'A. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4, joined into a tube. site, simple, rarely bi-foliate.
Stamens 8. Ovary 8-lobed. Style 4-furrowed. Çarpels 4, 28 PILOCA'RPUS. Calyx small, 5-toothed. Petals 5. Sta-
capsular ; cells 2-3-seeded. Leaves opposite, entire.
mens 5. Fruit of 5 or fewer small, 1-seeded carpels, immersed
17 DIPLOLÆ'NA. Involucre double, outer one 5-lobed, inner
5
in the base of the gynophore. Leaves alternate and opposite,
one 10-15-parted, containing many flowers. Calyx 5-parted. simple, bifoliate, and trifoliate.
Petals none. Stamens 10, unequal, fringed at the base. Style 5- 29 HóRTIA. Calyx bluntly 5-toothed. Petals 5, bearded
furrowed. Fruit of 5 carpels, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Leaves alter- inside. Stamens 5. Ovary smooth, pentagonal, 5-celled, seated
nate.
on the disk. Capsule 2-4-5-celled ; cells 1-2-seeded. Leaves
18 PuebA'LIUM. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 123. a.). Petals 5 (f. 123. alternate, simple.
b.), Stamens 10 (f. 123. d.c.), unequal, smooth. Style (f, 123. 30 Choi'sya. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5. Stamens 10,
a

RUTACEÆ.
777
a
racemes.
unequal. Ovaries 5, connected, inserted in the disk, each con- mens 8-10. Styles 4-5, distinct. Carpels 4-5, distinct, 1-2-
taining 2 ovulæ. Leaves opposite, ternate.
seeded. Leaves opposite or ternately verticillate, simple, tri-
TRIBE VI.
foliate, and impari-pinnate.
42 ZANTHÓXYLUM. Calyx 3-4-5-parted, with an equal num-
CUSPARIEN. Flowers regular or anomalous. Petals 5, free,
but usually joined into a bilabiate
, campanulate, or funnel-shaped pels, distinct, or connected at the apex. Carpels 1-5, sessile
ber of petals and stamens. Styles equal in number to the car-
corolla. In the polypetalous flowers the stamens are free.
or stipitate, 2-valved, 1-2-seeded. Leaves simple, ternate, ,
monopetalous ones they adhere to the tube of the corolla. Fila-
abruptly and impari-pinnate.
ments sometimes all fertile, sometimes 2 or 3 of them are sterile.
43 Bóymia. Male flowers unknown. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals
Disk urceolate, girding the ovaries. Ovaries equal in number
5. Styles 5, joined in one. Carpels 5, connected at the base,
with the petals, distinct, rarely connected, each containing 2
diverging at the top, 1-seeded.
ovulæ. Styles connected at the top or bottom, but usually in one.
44 TODDA'LIA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5. Stamens 5.
Albumen wanting. Trees and shrubs, rarely herbs, with alternate,
Stigma almost sessile, peltate. Fruit fleshy, 5-furrowed, 5-
rarely nearly opposite leaves; these are sometimes simple, but
celled; cells 1-seeded. Leaves trifoliate. Male and female
are usually trifoliate. Flowers disposed in terminal or axillary
flowers on different branches.
45 VE'PRIS. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8, un-
31 SPIRANTHE'RA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, free. Stamens
equal. Stigma sessile, convex, peltate. Fruit fleshy, 4-lobed,
5. Anthers at length spirally revolute. Ovaries 5, villous,
4-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Leaves trifoliate. Male and female
connected. Styles 5, joined. Leaves ternate.
flowers on different branches.
32 GALÌPEA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, connected at the
46 PTE'LEA. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-5.
base. Filaments 5, rarely 6-8, 2-4 of which are sterile. Ovaries
Fruit compressed, 2-3-celled ; cells 1-seeded, turgid in the centre,
5, connected. Styles 5, distinct, partly connected at the base,
each cell expanded into an orbicular reticulated wing. Leaves
or joined in one. Fruit only of 1-2 carpels from abortion.
of 3, rarely of 5 leaflets.
Leaves simple and ternate.
47 BLACKBU'RNIA. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4. Stamens
33. ALMEDEA. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, distinct. Sta-
4. Style filiform, crowned by a simple stigma. Ovary conical,
mens 5. Ovaries 5, connected at the base. Fruit only of 1-2
1-seeded. Male and female flowers on distinct trees.
1-2-seeded carpels. Leaves simple.
48 AILA'NTUS. Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals
34 DIGLÓTTIS. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, connected at the
5. Stamens 10, unequal. Styles 3-5, rising from the notches
base. Filaments 5, 3 of which are sterile. Anthers terminated
of the ovaries. Carpels 3-5, tongue-shaped, compressed, mem-
by a bearded ligula. Fruit of 5 1-seeded carpels. Leaves
branous, tumid in the middle, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seeds
simple.
compressed. Albumen wanting. Leaves abruptly or impari-
35 ERYTHROCHÌTON. Calyx tubular, 5-cleft, connected into
,
pinnate.
2 nearly equal lips. Petals 5, connected. Filaments 5, all fer-
tile. Fruit of 5 1-seeded carpels. Leaves simple.
† Genera allied to Rutáceæ, but are not sufficiently known.
36 TicòREA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, connected at the base.
49 POLEÖMBRYUM. Fruit nearly sessile, echinated, of 5 car-
Filaments 5-7, rarely 8, 3 or 6 of which are sterile. Fruit of 5
pels, which are connected together at the sides, at length sepa-
connected, 1-seeded carpels. Leaves ternate, rarely simple.
rable, 2-valved, 1-seeded. Seeds ovate, furnished with a broad,
37 MONNIE'RA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, connected into a
entire, black spot at the base. Cotyledons fleshy, unequal.
bilabiate limb, lower lip 4-lobed, upper one 1-lobed. Filaments
5, 3 of which are sterile. Fruit of 5 or fewer 1-seeded carpels. sessile, conniving.
50 PseudióSMA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Anthers 5,
. -
A villous herb, with opposite or alternate trifoliate leaves.
sessile, conniving. Ovary 5-lobed, girded by a crown-formed
thick nectary. Carpels 5, each seated on a proper pedicel,
TRIBE VII.
rather kidney-shaped. Seeds solitary, not calyptrate. Leaves
ZANTHOXY'LEÆ. This tribe differs from the two last in the simple.
flowers being of separate sexes.
51 Thysa'nus. Calyx of 5 sepals. Petals 5. Stamens 10,
38 DICTYOLÒMA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5.
-
. Stamens 5, short. Styles 4, inserted in the sides of the ovaries, crowned by
rising each from a woolly scale. Car pels 5, distinct, 2-valved, bifid stigmas. Drupes 4, oblong, recurved at the apex, woolly.
3-4-seeded. Seeds kidney-shaped. Leaves pinnate. Male and Seeds solitary, ovate, involved at the base by a fringed fleshy
female flowers intermixed.
tunic. Leaves pinnate.
39 GALVE'ZIA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 8, un- 52 Terra'dium. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 4,
equal. Styles 4, distinct at the base, but connected at the apex.
. pilose. Ovary 4-lobed. Stigmas 4, awl-shaped. Capsules 4,
Drupes 4, 1-seeded. Seeds egg-shaped. Leaves simple. Male roundish. Seeds solitary, arillate. Leaves impari-pinnate.
and female flowers on distinct branches or trees.
53 PHILAGÒNIA. Flowers dioecious. Calyx small, 4-toothed.
40 Bru'CEA. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4. Stamens 4. Styles Petals 4, valvate in the bud. Stamens 4. Style short, crowned
.
4, distinct. Drupes 4, 1-seeded. Leaves impari-pinnate. by a large peltate stigma. Fruit capsular, 4-furrowed, 4-celled,
41 BRUNE'LLIA. Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals wanting. Sta- 8-seeded. Seeds angular. Leaves impari-pinnate.
5 G
VOL. I.

778
RUTACEÆ. I. PEGANUM. II. RUTA.
.
-
.
a,
+
54 ASAPHE S. Calyx very short, 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, 1 R. PINNA'TA (Lin. fil. suppl. 232.) stem arborescent; leaves
linear. Stamens 4-5. Styles and stigmas 3. Capsule pea-shaped, impari-pinnate, floral ones reduced to the terminal leaflet; petals
-
entire.
4-furrowed, 4-celled, 4-valved, 4-seeded. Leaves ternate.
N.G. Native of the Canary Islands, on rocks. Ker.
bot. reg. t. 307. Leaflets entire or toothed.
55 BARRALDE'IA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, bifid and un-
Pinnate-leaved Rue. Fl. March, Aug.
Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1780.
Clt. 1780. Shrub
guiculate, Stamens 10. Ovary adhering to the tube of the 6 feet.
calyx. Style 1. Leaves simple.
§ 2. Decompositæ. D. C. prod. 1. p. 710. Leaves decom-
Tribe I.
pound and variously cut. Capsules dehiscent.
RU'TEÆ (plants agreeing with Rùta in important characters).
* Petals ciliated.
Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 461. Flowers regular. Calyx 2 R. BRACTEÒSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 710.) leaves supra-decom-
of 4 or 5 divisions. Petals equal in number with the divisions pound, hardly thrice as long as broad; leaflets oblong-cuneated,
of the calyx. Endocarp not separable from the sarcocarp. Em- somewhat equal; bracteas large, somewhat cordate. h. F.
bryo within a fleshy albumen.-Shrubs or perennial herbs, with Native of Sicily, about Palermo, and of the Island of Melos. R.
alternate simple or impari-pinnate leaves without stipulas. Chalepensis tenuifòlia, D'Urv. enum. p. 44.
I. PE'GANUM (from anyavov, peganon, rue in Greek ;
Large-bracted Rue. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Shrub 2 ft.
3 R. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 462.) leaves supra-
resemblance). Lin. gen. 601. D. C. prod. 1. p. 712. Andr.
decompound, 4 times longer than broad; leaflets oblong-cuneated,
Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 461. t. 16. no. 8.
almost equal ; bracteas small, ovate. h. H. Native of the
LIN. syst. Dodecandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per-
south of France, common among rocks in sunny situations. R.
manent. Petals 5, almost equal. Stamens 15, shorter than
Chalepensis, Vill. dauph. 4. p. 383. R. graveolens Lin.
spec.
the petals, some of them abortive; filaments smooth, dilated at
548. R. Chalepensis, var. B, Lin. mant. 69. Sims, bot. mag.
the base. Anthers linear. Style simple, terminated by a tri-
t. 2311.-Mor. Oxon. sect. 5. t. 35. f. 8. Leaflets narrow, very
gonal stigma. Capsules substipitate, nearly spherical, 3-celled,
glaucous.
3-furrowed, 3-valved, many-seeded. Embryo straight.—Herbs
Narrow-leaved Rue. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1722. Shrub 2 ft.
with multifid leaves. Peduncles 1-flowered. Flowers white,
4 R. MACROPHY'LLA (Sol. in bot. mag. t. 2018.) leaves pinnate;
with green veins. Every part of the plants has a strong unplea-
leaflets oblong, on short stalks, terminal one largest, lower ones,
sant scent when bruised.
cut into 3-5 leaflets. h. F. Native of the north of Africa,
1 P. HA'RMALA (Lin. spec. 638.) 4. H. Native of Spain,
and about Aleppo. R. Chalepensis, var. a, Lin. mant. 69.
about Madrid, in sandy places, and of the Levant. Lam. ill. t.
Long-leaved Rue. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1772. Shrub 3 feet.
401. Bull. herb. t. 343.-Blackw. t. 310. Root woody. Stem
herbaceous. Leaves multifid into linear lobes. Flowers stalked.
* * Petals entire or somewhat toothed.
Calyxes entire.
5 R. MONTA'NA (Clus. hist. 2. p. 136.) leaves supra-decom-
Var. B, crithmifolia (Retz, obs. 2. p. 34.) stem permanent; pound; leaflets all linear ; petals entire. h. or 4. H. Native
.
calyxes toothless. H. H. Native of Siberia, at the Caspian sea. of the south of Europe and north of Africa, among stones on dry
Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 364. P. crithmifòlia, Georg. in herb. Willd.
hills. R. legítima, Jacq. icon. rar. 1. t. 76. R. sylvestris,
Harmala or Syrian-Rue. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1570. Pl. 1 ft.
Mill. dict. no. 3. R. tenuifolia, Desf. atl. 1.
p.
336.
This plant
Cult. These plants will thrive well in any light sandy soil, is corrosive, and has a very strong smell.
and cuttings planted under a hand-glass will root freely. They Mountain Rue. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1596.
Clt. 1596. Pl. 2 or 3 ft.
will not flower unless they are planted in a warm situation, and
6 R. GRAVE'OLENS (Lin. spec. 548. exclusive of var. a and 6)
they will require to be sheltered in severe weather in winter.
leaves supra-decompound; leaflets oblong, terminal one obovate;
h. H. Native of the south
II. RUTA (Du Theis observes that this word is not capable petals entire or a little toothed.
of explanation, being nearly the same in all the most ancient lan-
of Europe, in sterile places. Very common in gardens. R.
-Woody. med.
guages; viz. ruz in Runic; rude, rata, ruta, or rutu in Anglo- hortensis, Mill. dict. no. 1.—Duh. arb. 2. t. 61.
, ,
Saxon; rutiza in Sclavonian ; ruta in Italian and Latin; ruda in
bot. 108. t. 37. Blackw. t. 7.—Plenck. icon. t. 332. The
Spanish ; purn in Greek; said to be from puw, to flow, in allusion
;
bruised leaves excoriate the lips and nostrils, if incautiously
to some reputed expelling qualities of the plants; hence rue in
applied, as they often are, to counteract bad smells; rue being
English and French.) Tourn. inst. t. 133. Lin. gen. no. 523.
supposed powerfully to counteract contagion. Its internal use
D. C. prod. 1. p. 709. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 462.
is unsafe, yet it has been known to be eaten with bread and
t. 17. no. 9.
butter in no small quantity, not altogether with impunity. Rue
Lin. syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 4-parted,
has a strong ungrateful odour, and a bitter, hot, penetrating
falling off late. Petals 4, unguiculate, arched, for the most part
taste; the leaves are so acrid as to irritate and inflame the skin,
jagged. Stamens 8, the 4 shortest opposite the petals; filaments
if they be much handled ; it is said to possess these qualities
awl-shaped, smooth ; anthers ovate, blunt at the apex. Ovaries
Its virtues are ex-
more powerfully in an uncultivated state.
4-lobed, seated on a short thick stipe, and surrounded by 8 nec-
tracted both by water and rectified spirit, but more powerfully
by the latter. On instipating the spiritous tincture, very
little
tariferous pores. Styles 4, constantly joined in one, terminated
by a 4-furrowed stigma. Capsule subglobose, 4-celled, opening
of its flavour rises with the menstruum ; most of the active
inwardly at the apex. Seeds angular-reniform, fixed to the
parts of the rue being concentrated in the extract. In distil-
inner angle of the cells. Albumen fleshy. Embryo arched,
lation with water, an essential oil separates, which is of a yellow-
with a long radicle.—Perennial herbs or subshrubs, with pinnate
ish or brownish colour, a moderately acrid taste, and penetrating
or decompound, glaucous leaves. Flowers corymbose, greenish- smell; the decoction instipated, yields a moderately warm, puin-
yellow. Every part of the plants have a strong disagreeable smell.
gent, and bitterish extract. The seeds and capsules contain
more oil than the leaves. From the experiments of Beaume, it
§ 1. Pinnàte. D. C. prod. 1. p. 710. Leaves truly pinnate ; appears that the recent herb contains but a very small portion of
leaflets, especially the lateral ones, are jointed above the petiole. essential oil; thus from 21 lbs. of the leaves he scarcely obtained
Fruit rather fleshy, indehiscent.—Rutèria, Medik. phil. bot. a drachm, while 10 lbs. of the seeds yielded 2 ounces.
Rue
-
-

RUTACEÆ. II. RUTA.
779
was much used by the ancients, who ascribed to it many excel-
Seeming and favour all the winter long :
lent qualities. Hippocrates commends it as a resolvent and
Grace and remembrance be to you both."
diuretic, and attributes to it the power of resisting contagion,
and the action of other kinds of poisons ; so that it was em- They are both evergreens, retaining their appearance and taste
ployed with this intention by Mithridates (see Pl. nat. hist. l. during the whole year, and therefore are proper emblems of re-
28. c. 8.): this quality, though allowed by Boerhaave, is now
membrance and grace.
generally discredited (Cullen. mat. med. 2. p. 365.). According
2 . .
Rue seems to have been used formerly in nosegays; for the
to Bergius it is “ alexiteria, pellens, emmenagoga, sudorifera, Clown in All's Well that End's Well, having said of the Countess,
rubefaciens.” It is, however, acknowledged to be a powerful “she was the sweet-marjoram of the salad, or rather the herb
astringent, and like other medicines of a foetid kind, to possess of grace.” Lafeu replies,
replies, “ they are
they are not salad-herbs, you
attenuating, deobstruent, and anti-spasmodic powers, and to be knave, they are nose-herbs ;" upon which the Clown, in cha-
peculiarly adapted to phlegmatic habits, or weak and hysterical racter, remarks, “ I am no great Nebuchadnezzar, sir, I have
constitutions, suffering from retarded or obstructed secretions. not much skill in grass :" thus punning upon the name of grace,
It is employed by some as a tea, and also externally in discutient as the gardener did upon the other name of rue. (Martyn).
.
and antiseptic fomentations. Among the common people the Linnæus having observed that the rue moved one of its sta-
leaves are sometimes taken with treacle, on an empty stomach, mens every day to the pistil, Sir James Smith examined the
as anthelmintic.
A conserve, made by beating the fresh leaves Rùta angustifolia, and found many of the stamens in the posi-
with thrice their weight of fine sugar, is the most commodious tion which he describes, holding their anthers over the stigma;
form for using the herb in substance. The dose of the pow- while those which had not come to the stigma were lying back
dered leaves may be 15 to 20 grs. given twice or thrice a day. upon the petals, as well as those which had already performed
The officinal preparations “oleum rutæ and extractum rutæ gra- their office, had returned to their original situation. Trying
veolens," or oil of rue, is procured in the quantity of 59 grains with a quill to stimulate the stamens, he found them all quite
of oil from 21 pounds of rue, which oil has the strong ungrateful devoid of irritability; they are strong, stout, conical bodies, and
odour and taste of the plant. When recently drawn, the colour cannot, without breaking, be forced out of the position in which
is yellow, but by age it deepens to a brown, and deposits a they happen to be. The same phenomenon has been observed
brownish resinous sediment. It congeals at 40° Fahrenheit. in several other flowers, but it is no where more striking, or
This oil is stimulant, and antispasmodic; it is sometimes given more easily examined than in the species of rue. Hence Sir
in hysteria, and the convulsive affections of infants attendant on James Smith concludes, that these plants are endued with a kind
dentition, and is sometimes used as a rubefacient in palsy. The of spontaneous motion. This is not a very philosophical con-
extract of rue is prepared like other simple extracts : it is ino- clusion. To a similar cause we are taught to assign the same
dorous, but has a bitter acrid taste. The medicinal properties cause; and because we cannot excite the irritability, it does not
are different from those of the plant, the stimulant and narcotic therefore follow that the subject is not irritable.
powers of which depend on the volatile oil it contains, which is Strong-scented or Common Rue. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1562.
dissipated during the instipation of the extract. The dose is Shrub 3 feet.
from 10 to 15 grs. in pills. Lewis, Woodville, and Thomson. 7 R. DIVARICA'TA (Tenor. cat. hort. neap. 1819. p. 42. but
“ Rue was anciently also named herb grace or herb of grace, not of Saltzm.) leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets obovately
and it is to this day called ave-grace in Sussex, in allusion doubt- cuneated, equal ; petals entire or a little toothed. ñ . H. Na-
less to Ave-Maria, gratiâ plena ; and it is remarkable that tive of the south of Italy, also of Greece and Tauria, among
Mary, in Hebrew, signifies bitter. Warburton says that rue rocks exposed to the sun. Tenor. fl. nap. 1. t. 36. An inter-
had its name herb of grace from its having been used in exor- mediate plant between R. graveolens and R. angustifolia.-
cisms. When Ophelia, in Shakspeare's Hamlet, says to the
Lam. ill. t. 345. f. 1.
Queen “ There's rue for you and here's some for me; we may Divaricate Rue. Fl. May, Sept. Clt. 1820. Shrub 3 feet.
call it herb of grace o' Sundays :" the fair moralist has no refer- 8 R. CRITHMIFÒLIA (Moric. ined. D. C. prod. 1. p. 710.)
ence to this plant being used in exorcisms, performed in churches leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets oblong-linear, rather cu-
on Sundays; but means only, that the Queen may with peculiar neated, about equal ; petals entire or a little toothed.
propriety on Sundays, when she solicits pardon for that crime Native of Germany between Duino and Trieste, as well as of
which she has so much occasion to rue and repent of, call her the Levant, on rocks.
rue herb of grace. It was, indeed, the common name for rue Samphire-leaved Rue. Shrub 2 feet.
in Shakspeare's time; and Greene, in his Quip for an upstart
9 R. Corsica (D. C. prod. 1. p. 710.) leaves supra-decom-
Courtier, has this passage:
some of them smiled and said rue pound; leaflets obovate, almost equal; racemes almost simple ;
was called herbegrace, which though they scorned in their youth, pedicels elongated, 1-flowered, stiffly divaricating ; petals entire.
they might wear in their age, and that it was never too late to h. F. Native of Corsica, on the mountains. R. montàna, spi-
say miserere.” The gardener in Richard II. says of the Queen: nòsa álba, Bocc. mus. p. 70. t. 59. R. divaricàta, Saltzm. in
flora. 1821. p. 109. Corymbs bifid from the base ; branches
“ Here did she drop a tear; here in this place,
The old branches, if Bocconi's figure is to be de-
I'll set a bank of rue, sour herb of grace :
pended upon, are spiny. Flowers yellow, but according to Bocc.
Rue even for ruth, here shortly shall be seen
In the remembrance of a weeping queen.”
they are white. Perhaps two distinct plants are here confused.
Corsican Rue. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1818. Shrub 2 feet.
Here the gardener plays upon the name, and might mislead an 10 R. ALBIFLORA (Hook. exot. fl. 79.) leaves supra-decom-
etymologist who knew no better. He might, with more truth, pound; leaflets obovate, glaucous, pubescent, somewhat auricled,
have called rue bitter than sour, and he whimsically enough terminal one large, obcordate ; branches of panicle bracteate;
makes it take the place of rosemary, which was the emblem of petals entire, shorter than the stamens ; ovary on a pedicel.
remembrance, as rue was of grace. Thus Perdita, in the Win- h. G. Native of Nipaul. R. Dampàtis, Hamilt. mss. Flowers
ter's Tale :
white. An elegant plant, clothed with glandular pubescence.
« Reverend sirs,
White-flowered Rue. Fl. July, Sept. Clt. 1823. Sh. 2 ft.
For
there's rosemary
and rue, these keep
Cult. All the species of rue are of easy cultivation. They
-
h. H.
.
racemose.
you there's
5 G 2

780
RUTACEÆ. III. APLOPHYLLUM.
-
-
O
will grow freely in any light rich soil; and cuttings, planted culàta, Forsk. descr. 86. Flowers small, yellow. Corymbs
under a hand-glass, will soon strike root. They may be also dichotomous. Petals oblong.
obtained from seeds, which in many species ripen in abundance. Var. a, Forskàhlii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 711.) leaves linear-lan-
ceolate.
III. APLOPHYÖLLUM (from an loos, aploos, simple, and Var. B, Montbrètii (D. C. prod. 1. p. 711.) leaves obovately
outlov, phyllon, a leaf; leaves simple, not compound, as in Rue). cuneated.
Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 464. t. 17. no 10.-Ruta, sects,
Tubercled Aplophyllum. Pl. 1 foot.
3 and 4. D. C. prod. 1. p. 711.
7 A. GLA'BRUM; leaves entire, oblong-linear, glandular beneath
Lin. syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-parted, as well as the stems, smooth on both surfaces as well as the
falling off late. Petals 5, unguiculate, flat, entire. Stamens
stems, calyxes, and capsules ; petals oblong-linear.
2. F.
10, the 5 shortest opposite the petals; filaments dilated at the Native between Mosul and Bagdad. Rūta glabra, D. C. prod.
base and villous on the inside; anthers each furnished with a
1. p. 711. Corymbs dichotomous. Flowers yellowish. Fila-
minute gland at the point. Ovary 5-lobed, surrounded by a ments fringed.
nectariferous ring. Styles 5, constantly joined in one, dilated
Smooth Aplophyllum. Pl. 1 foot.
from the base to the apex, and terminated by a capitate papil- 8 A. VILLÒSUM ; leaves entire, lower ones oblong, the rest
lose, 5-furrowed stigma. Capsules 5-celled, 5-furrowed, open- linear, and are as well as the stems pubescent; calyxes and
ing inwardly at the apex. Seeds reniform, scrobiculate, or tu- ovaries hairy; petals oblong. 4. H. Native of Caucasus and
berculate, fixed to the inner angle of the cells. Albumen fleshy.
Albumen fleshy. Iberia, in fields exposed to the sun. . Rùta villosa, Bieb. fi.
Embryo arched, with a long radicle.—Perennial herbs, rarely
taur. 1. p. 310. R. parviflora, Desf. cor. Tourn. t. 54.-
shrubs. Leaves simple, seldom ternate, glaucous. Flowers
.
Buxb. cent. 2. t. 28. f. 2. Flowers small, yellowish, racemose.
corymbose, yellow, rarely white. This genus has the strong Villous Aplophyllum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1818. Pl. 1 ft.
disagreeable smell of rue, as well as possessing the same medical 9 A. LINIFÒLIUM ; leaves entire, oblong-lanceolate, tapering
qualities, but in a lesser degree.
to the base, and are as well as the stems, smoothish; calyxes
§ 1.
Trifolia, D. C. prod. 1. p. 711. Leaves 3, together, very short, a little ciliated; ovaries villous ; petals ovate. 4. H.
approximate, quite entire, lower and uppermost ones solitary, un-
Native of Spain near Valentia, Cyprus, and various parts of
divided.
Greece. Rūta linifòlia, Lin. spec. 549. Andr. bot. rep. t. 565.
1 A. PATAVÌNUM; middle leaves 3 together, linear, tapering
Smith, Al. græc. 370.-Bocc. mus. t. 73. f. 3. Flowers yellow,
to the base, quite entire ; corymbs crowded ; calyxes villous ;
corymbose.
petals entire. 4. H. Native of the mountain Saxo-Nigro, at
Flax-leaved Aplophyllum. Fl. Ju. Sept. Clt. 1752. Pl. 1 ft.
10 A. SUAVE OLENS ;
Arqua, near Padua. Ruta Patavina, Lin. gen. 549.—Michel.
leaves entire, spatulately-lanceolate,
gen. t. 19. Leaves furnished with a tooth or lobe at the base. glaucous, smoothish; calyxes a little fringed ; ovaries quite
Flowers yellow, with a green central rib.
smooth ; petals ovate. h. H. Native of Tauria and Bess-
Padua Aplophyllum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1819. Pl. 1 ft.
arabia, in exposed places. Rùta suaveolens, D. C. prod. 1. p.
,
2 A. DICHOTOMUM; middle leaves 3 together, linear, tapering
711. Rūta linifòlia, Bieb. fl. taur. 1. p. 309. Rùta linifòlia,
to the base, quite entire; corymbs loosely panicled, dichotomous ;
var. grandiflòra, Sims, bot. mag. t. 2254. Flowers yellow, co-
calyxes a little fringed. 2. F. Native of Persia. Rùta di- rymbose, having the smell of those of Prímula officinalis.
chótoma, D. C. prod. 1. p. 711. Flowers yellow. Stamens
Var. ß, congésta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 711.) Howers few, but
much dilated at the base.
crowded. 4. H. Native on Mount Olympus. Flowers having
the scent of those of the lemon.
Dichotomous Aplophyllum. Pl. 1 foot.
3 A. PUBE'SCENS; leaves nearly all 3 together, lanceolate,
Sweet-scented Aplophyllum. Fl. June, Sept. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 2 feet.
pubescent, entire, lateral ones very short; corymbs many-
flowered ; calyxes and ovaries villous. 4. H. Native of
11 A. BUXBAU’MII; leaves entire, lanceolate, tapering into
Spain, near Aranjuez. R. pubéscens, Willd. enum. 446.
the petiole, somewhat puberulous ; branches of panicle dicho-
R. Patavina, Poir. dict. 6. p. 335. Lam. ill. t. 345. f. 2.
tomously corymbose, divaricating, compressed at the forks ;
Flowers yellow. Filaments a little fringed at the base, hardly
filaments fringed at the base. 4. F. Native of Thrace, near
dilated.
Rodosto in fields, as well as of Troy and of Syria. Rūta Bux-
Pubescent Aplophyllum. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 ft.
baúmii, D. C. prod. 1. p. 711.—Buxb. cent. 2. t. 28. f. 2.
Flowers yellowish. Petals oblong. Ovary smoothish. .
§ 2. Integrifolia. Leaves undivided, entire, solitary. Buxbaum's Aplophyllum. Pl. 1 foot.
4 A. CORDA TUM ; leaves entire, cordate, stem-clasping ; co-
;
12 A. ACUTIFOLIUM ; leaves entire, oblong, on very short
rymbs many-flowered ; petals oval-oblong, quite entire ; fila- stalks, acute at both ends, and are, as well as the stems,
ments smooth. 4. F. Native of Nipaul in Gosainsthan.
. smooth ; lower ones opposite; panicle corymbose, dichotomous ;
;
Rùta cordata, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 206, Root thick, tuberous. calyxes very acute, a little fringed ; capsules smooth. 4. F.
Stem simple. Flowers small; yellow.
Native of Persia, between Kermancha and Amadan.
Ruta
Cordate-leaved Aplophyllum. Pl. 1 foot.
acutifòlia, D. C. prod. 1. p. 711. Flowers yellowish.
5 A. FRUTICULÒSUM ; leaves entire, ovate-lanceolate, bluntish, Acute-leaved Aplophyllum. Pl. 1 foot.
and are as well as the calyxes villous; corymbs few-flowered ; 13 A. LINEA'RE ; leaves entire, linear, smooth, dotted beneath ;
petals oblong ; filaments and calyxes ciliated at the base ; ovaries corymbs few-flowered, dichotomous ; petals linear-oblong;
smooth. h. 4. F. Native about Damascus. R. fruticulosa, capsules smooth, 3-lobed. 4. H. Native of the south of
Labil.
syr. 13. t. 4.-Buxb. cent. 2. p. 30. t. 28. f. 1. Siberia. Rūta lineáris, D. C. prod. 1. p. 712. Flowers yel-
Flowers yellowish.
lowish.
Shrubby Aplophyllum. Pl. 1 foot.
Linear-leaved Aplophyllum. Pl. 1 foot.
6 A. TUBERCULA'TUM (Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 528. 14 A. THESIOÌDES ; leaves entire, linear-lanceolate, smooth ;
t. 17. no. 10.) leaves entire, pilose, under surface as well as stems puberulous towards the top; corymbs crowded ; sepals
stems and capsules tuberculated ; capsules rather pilose; cells roundish; filaments dilated at the base and hairy inside. 2. H.
2-seeded. 4. F. Native of Egypt and Nubia. Ruta tuber- Native of the eastern shore of the Caspian sea. Ruta thesioides,
;
.
1. P:

RUTACEÆ. III. APLOPHYLLUM. IV. CYMINOSMA. V. DICTAMNUS.
781
a
Fisch. in litt. D. C. prod. 1. p. 712. Flowers yellowish. Very Akenda Cyminosma. Tree 20 feet.
like A. Dahùricum.
4 C. Onora'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 722.) leaves ovate, ob-
Thesium-like Aplophyllum. Pl. į foot.
liquely truncate at the base, dotted beneath ; corymbs terminal,
15 A. DAHU'RICUM; leaves entire, linear-lanceolate, and are racemose; berries 1-seeded from abortion. h.G, Native of
as well as the calyxes smooth; corymbs few-flowered ; sepals Cochin-china, in gardens. Jambolífera odorata, Lour. coch. 231.
and stamens a little fringed at the base ; ovaries smooth ; petals Calyptránthes odoràta, Martyn. Flowers white. Berries ovate,
oblong. 4. H. Native of Dahuria, in exposed fields. Rùta small, white. The leaves have the smell of cumin; the young
Dahurica, D. C. prod. 1. p. 712. Péganum Dahuricum B, Lin. leaves are put into salads, and are not unpleasant.
spec. 638.--Rùta, Gmel. sib. 4. t. 68. f. 2.Amm. ruth, no. 92. Sweet-scented Cyminosma. Clt. 1818. Shrub 6 feet.
Petals pale-yellow, sometimes 6 in number. Stamens double 5 C. RESINÒSA (D. C. prod. 1. p.722.) leaves oblong; pedun-
the number of the petals, not triple that number, as in Péganum. cles axillary, many-flowered ; berries roundish, 4-celled. h. s.
Root fusiform, with many simple stems rising from the neck. Native of Cochin-china. Jambolífera resinòsa, Lour. coch. 1.
There is a variety of this plant with white flowers, mentioned in p. 284. Calyptránthes resinòsa, Martyn. A middle-sized tree,
Amm. ruth. no. 91.
with tough, resinous bark. Flowers white. Berries roundish,
Dahurian Aplophyllum. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1816. Pl. 1 ft. small, black. The fishermen of Cochin-china dye their nets in
16 A. ROSMARINIFOLIUM (Pers. ench. 1. p. 465.) leaves linear, a strong decoction of the roots, to prevent their rotting.
dotted beneath ; stem very much branched; root fusiform. Resinous-barked Cyminosma. Tree 20 feet.
2. F. Native of Spain, according to the herbarium of Jussieu. Cult. These trees will thrive well in a mixture of loam,
Flowers yellowish.
peat, and sand; and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted
Rosemary-leaved Aplophyllum. Pl. 1 foot. .
in a pot of sand, placed under a hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
Cult. These plants will grow in any light rich soil, but in a
.
poor dry light soil they will endure our winter better. Cuttings
planted under a hand-glass will root readily, and many of them
Tribe II.
may be increased by dividing the plants at the root, but by seeds
is the best and surest method; these are sure to ripen in abund- DIO'SMEÆ-EUROPÆA'NÆ. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus.
ance if the summer proves favourable.
12. p. 467. Flowers irregular. Disk wanting. Ovaries 5, dis-
tinct. Seeds covered with a thin, dark, shining testa. Embryo
Genus allied to Rutee.
with a short radicle, and close, ovate, thick cotyledons. Albu-
IV. CYMINO'SMA (from Kvulvov, kyminon, cumin-seed, men fleshy, white. European herbs with pinnate leaves.
and ooun, osme, smell; fruit smelling like cumin-seed). Gært. V. DICTA'MNUS (an ancient name of what is supposed to
fruct. 1. p. 280. D. C. prod. 1. p. 722. Andr. Juss. in mem. be Origànum Dictúmnus, Fraxinélla because the leaves resemble
mus. 12.
p. 465. t. 17. no. 11.-Jambolífera, Lin. gen. no. 479. those of Fraxinus, the ash). Lin. gen. no. 522. D. C. prod.
but not of Houtt. nor Gært. and excluding the synonym of 1. p. 712. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 467. t. 18. no. 12.
Rumphius.
LIN. SYST.
Decandria, Monogynia. Calyx deciduous, 5-
LIN. SYST.
Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 4 orbicular parted, unequal. Petals 5, unguiculate, unequal. Stamens 10,
sepals or deeply divided into 4 orbicular segments, 2 of which declinate ; filaments awl-shaped, filiform, unequal, with glan-
are rather smaller than the rest. Petals 4, narrow, lanceolate, dular tubercles at the apex ; anthers roundish. Style 1, decli-
revolute at the apex. Stamens 8, the 4 shortest are opposite nate, striated lengthwise, terminated by a papillose, blunt stigma.
the petals ; filaments flat, awl-shaped, pilose at the base ; Capsule stipitate, composed of 5 carpels, which are connected
anthers ovate, versatile. Ovary seated on a fleshy, octangular on the inside, compressed, 2-seeded.—Strong smelling herbs,
disk.
Style 1, erect, smooth, terminated by a 4-furrowed with impari-pinnate, exstipulate leaves, with 4-6 pairs of serru-
stigma. Berry 4-celled ; loculaments papery inside, 1-seeded. late leaflets, full of pellucid dots. Racemes terminal. Stems
Embryo with a short radicle and elliptical cotyledons.—Trees glandular at the apex, as well as the pedicels, calyxes, and petals.
with large, opposite, entire leaves, having the smell of the fruit. 1 D. FRAXINE'LLA (Pers. ench. 1. p. 464.) leaflets 4-5 pairs,
Flowers corymbose, white. Fruit smelling like cumin-seed. The cordate at the base, acute at the apex, finely serrulated; racemes
species are insufficiently known.
long; calyx unequal. 4. H. Native of the south of Europe,
1 C. PEDUNCULA'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 722.) leaves elliptical- particularly in Germany, France, Spain, Austria, and Italy. D.
lanceolate, obtuse ; petals linear-lanceolate, thrice as long as the álbus, Lin. spec. 548. Jacq. austr. 5. t. 428. Woodv. med.
calyx. h.S. Native of Ceylon. Jambolífera, Lin. A. zeyl. bot. 316. t. 116. Lam. ill. t. 344. f. 1. Fraxinélla, Clus. pann. 54.
. .
,
58. exclusive of the synonymes.
Jambolífera pedunculata, It is called by Gerarde Bastard or False Dittany, and by Par-
Vahl. symb. 3. p. 52. t. 61. Dryan. 1. c. Perin-panel, Rheed. kinson, False White Dittany. Seeds pear-shaped, black, shining:
mal. 5. t. 15.? Gært. fruct. 1. p. 281. in a note. Corymbs The whole plant, especially when gently rubbed, emits an odour
trichotomous. Flowers white. The berries are called jambol; like that of lemon-peel, but when bruised it has something of a
they are black and juicy, of a sweetish acid taste, esculent. balsamic scent. This fine scent is strongest in the pedicels of
Stalked-fruited Cyminosma. Clt. 1800. Tree 20 feet. the flowers, which are covered with glands of a rusty-red colour,
2 C. CHINE'NSIS (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 216.) leaves ovate, exuding a viscid juice or resin, which exhales in vapour, and in
emarginate ; petals lanceolate, thrice as long as the calyx. H.G. a dark place may be seen to take fire. The root was formerly
Native of the south of China. Jambolífera pedunculàta, Lour. used in medicine, and it is said with much success, as a drastic
coch. p. 230. Corymbs racemose. Flowers white. Fruit ovate- opiate. This plant, for its beauty and fine scent, deserves a
oblong, almost cylindric, 1-seeded, blunt, black, juicy, sweetish- place in every collection. The varieties are as follows:
acid, esculent.
Var. a, purpúrea (D. C. prod. 1. p. 712.) petioles obscurely
China Cyminosma. Tree 20 feet.
edged ; petals pale-purple, striped with deeper veins. D. rubra,
3 C. AKE'NDA (Gært. fruct. 1. t. 58.) leaves ? petals oblong, D. Fraxinélla, Link. enum. 1. p. 398.
pubescent outside, a little longer than the calyx. h.S. Native Var. B, álba (D. C. prod. 1. p. 712.) petioles with rather
of Ceylon. Ankonda, Herm. mus. 73. Burm. fl. zeyl. 27. Oil broader edges; petals white. D. álbus, Link. enum. 1. p. 398.
of cumin is extracted from this tree.
Fraxinella. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1596. Pl. 1 to 11 foot.

782
RUTACEÆ. V. DICTAMNUS. VI. CALODENDRON. VII. ADENANDRA.
no. 15.
spec. 287.
2 D. ANGUSTIFÒLIA (Sweet, fl. gard. n. s. t. 93.) leaflets 4-5 calyx, dilated at the apex into a depressed-globose 5-lobed
pairs, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, finely serrulated; stigma. Carpels 5, compressed, joined together, covered with
,
,
racemes long; calyx nearly equal. 4. H. Native of the stipitate tubercles or glands, shorter than the calyx. Seeds 1 or
Altaian mountains. Flowers purple.
2 in each carpel.—Small, heath-like shrubs, with alternate,
Narrow-leaved Fraxinella. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1828. Pl. rarely opposite, flat
, coriaceous leaves, full of glandular dots,
2 feet.
and appear as if they were crenated on the margins, callose at
Cult. The species of Fraxinélla will grow
in
any common gar-
the
apex,
on short stalks, which are furnished with two glands
den-soil, and are easily increased by seeds, which ripen in abund- at their base. Flowers whitish, flesh-coloured, or reddish, large,
ance.
They are well adapted for flower-borders, being very usually solitary at the tops of the branches, seldom umbellate,
shewy.
usually with 2 opposite bracteas below each flower.
Tribe III.
§ 1. Flowers nearly sessile. Glands of anthers shell-formed.
DIO'SMEÆ-CAPE'NSES. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p.
1 A. CORIA'CEA (Licht. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 452.)
469. Flowers regular. Petals 5, very rarely wanting. Disk
adhering to the calyx. Stamens 5, perigynous. Ovaries 1-5,
leaves scattered, oblong, obtuse, revolute, quite smooth; flowers
joined in one. Seeds covered with a thin shining testa, usually large, usually solitary on the tops of the branches ; segments of
crested at the apex.
Albumen very thin or wanting. Embryo calyx blunt, crenulated. h.G. Native of the Cape of Good
with a short radicle and ovate cotyledons, not rarely multiple. Hope. Diósma coriàcea, D. C. prod. 1. p. 713. Spreng. syst
.
1
Neat heath-like shrubs, with entire or crenated leaves. Na- 1. p. 784.
tives of the Cape of Good Hope.
Coriaceous-leaved Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1720.
.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
VI. CALODE'NDRON (from kaloç, kalos, beautiful, and
devopov, dendron, a tree; the leaves are permanent, and the
2 A. BISERIA'TA (Meyer. in Bartl. et Wendl. dios.) leaves
flowers are flesh-coloured). Thunb. prod. 44. D. C. prod.
D. C. prod. crowded, oblong, with a recurved mucrone, revolute, scabrous
1. p. 712. .
Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 460. t. 19.
from 2 rows of glands beneath; calyxes very villous ; flowers
on very short peduncles. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-parted, Hope. Diósma biseriàta, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 784. Flowers large, ,
deciduous. Disk short, tubular. Petals 5, lanceolate, inserted
smooth, pink?
in the base of the disk, hispid from starry hairs. Stamens 10,
Two-rowed-glanded Adenandra. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
5 of which are sterile and petal-like, tubercled, ending in an
3 A. UNIFLORA (Willd. enum. 256.) leaves scattered, oblong-
ovate gland, these are opposite the petals; the 5 fertile ones
lanceolate, somewhat pointed, revolute, smooth, dotted beneath;
bearing ovate anthers, which are glandular at the apex. Style
flowers solitary, terminal ; calyxes ciliated ; petals obovate. ħ.
oblong, deflexed, ending in a 5-furrowed stigma, which is hardly
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma uniflora, Lin.
broader. Capsule tubercled, 5-angled, 5-celled, 5-valved; cells
Schrad. sert. hann. 1. t. 8. Curt. bot. mag. 273.
2-seeded. -A tree with opposite, simple, crenated large leaves, Hartògja uniflora, Berg. cap. 71. Eriostèmon uniflora, Smith
-
and terminal panicles of flowers.
in Rees' cycl. 13. no. 4. Flowers large, white inside, and pinkish
outside.
1 C. Capeʼnsis (Thunb. prod. 44.). Þ.G. Native of the
Filaments very hairy. The flowers are sometimes
Cape of Good Hope. Lam. journ. hist. nat. 56. t. 3. Dic-
only 4-petalled and 4-anthered.
támnus calodendron, Lam. ill. t. 344. f. 2. Poir. suppl. 2. p.
One-flowered Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1775. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
476. Dictámnus Capensis, Lin. fil. suppl. 232. Pallàsia Ca-
pénsis, Houtt. Branches opposite, or 3 in a whorl. Panicle
4 A. ACUMINATA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 88.) leaves scattered,
trichotomously divided. Pedicels compressed, dilated under
roundish, ovate, rather cordate, acuminated, ciliated, spreading ;
the flower Flowers flesh-coloured.
peduncles terminal, umbellate. h.G. Native of the Cape of
Cape Calodendron. Clt. 1789. Tree 20 feet?
Good Hope. Diósma acuminata, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 493. Aga-
Cult. This tree is supposed to be one of the finest at the
thósma acuminata, Willd. enum. p. 260. Búcco acuminata, Wendl.
Cape of Good Hope; its fruit resembles that of a chesnut. The
coll. 1. p. 79. t. 28. Flowers large, white ; filaments very hairy,
plant will grow freely in a mixture of loam and peat; and ripened
Acuminate-leaved Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1812.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
cuttings will strike root readily, if planted in a pot of sand, and
placed under a hand-glass, but care must be taken to plant them
5 A. AMæ'NA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 88.) leaves scattered, ob-
soon enough to be rooted before they drop their leaves (the tree
long or oval, bluntish, smooth, dotted beneath ; flowers solitary,
being deciduous) or they will not root (Sweet).
sessile, terminal; calyxes a little ciliated; petals orbicular, a
little mucronate. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Diósma amae'na, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 161. Ker. bot. reg. t. 553.
VII. ADENA'NDRA (from aồnv, aden, a gland, and avno Flowers large, smooth, whitish above, and reddish beneath.
avopos, aner andros, a male ; the anthers terminate in a globose Glandulifòlia uniflora ovata, Lich. in Wendl. coll. 1. t. 33. ?
gland). Willd. enum. 256. Bartl. and Wendl. ex Andr. Juss. in Adenándra glandulòsa, Lich, in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. P.
mem. mus. 12. p. 470. t. 19. no. 16.-Glandulifolia, Wendl. coll. 450.?
1. t. 10. O'ckia and Okènia, Dietr. Diósma spec. of authors. Pleasing Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1798. Shrub
Hartògia spec. of Berg.
1 to 2 feet.
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, dotted. 6 A. SPECIÒSA (Link. enum. 1. p. 256.) leaves scattered, oblong
Disk adhering to the bottom of the calyx, bearing the stamens or obovate, revolute, dotted beneath, smooth, but a little fringed
on the margin. Petals 5, with short claws, spreading. Fila- on the edges ; flowers terminal, umbellate; calyxes fringed;
ments 10, hispid, the 5 opposite the petals sterile, each ending petals with smooth margins. h. G. Native of the Cape of
in a thickened, concave, or globose gland, the 5 fertile ones Good Hope. Diósma speciòsa, Sims, bot. mag. t. 1271. Diósma
shortest, terminated by large, egg-shaped anthers, each furnished cistoides, Lam. dict. 2. p. 288.? Flowers pink, large.
apex
with a shell-like, or rarely globose, pedicellate gland, Var. a, multiflora (D. C. prod. 1. p. 713.) flowers from 1 to
which is at first erect, then refracted. Style shorter than the 12 ; branches ascending.
-
-
at the
a
1

RUTACEÆ. VII. ADENANDRA.
783
VIII. COLEONEMA. IX. DIOSMA.
-
a
Var. , pauciflora (D. C. prod. 1. p. 713.) flowers 1 to 2; LIN. SYST. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Disk
branches erect.
adnate to the base of the calyx, with a 5-lobed margin. Petals
Shewy Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1790. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. 5, with a spreading border. Filaments 10, the 5 sterile ones
7 A. UMBELLA'TA (Willd. enum. 257.) leaves oblong or ob- shortest, and opposite the petals, and adnate to their base, and
ovate, dotted beneath, fringed on the edges; calyxes smooth; fitted into a channel, tapering at the top into a gland; the 5 alter-
petals fringed. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. nate ones opposite the lobes of the disk; anthers roundish, each
Glandulifòlia umbellata, Wendl. coll. 1. t. 10. Delaun. herb. furnished at the
furnished at the apex with a minute sessile gland. Style about
amat. t. 163. Hartògia umbellàta, Bergius. Flowers pink, the length of the stamens, terminated by a capitate, papillose,
terminal, umbellate.
obscurely 5-furrowed stigma. Fruit of 5 joined carpels, each
Umbel-flowered Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1790. furnished with a little horn on the outside at the apex, com-
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
pressed, rugged with dots. Seeds 1 or 2 in each carpel.—Small
8 A. VILLÒSA (Licht. in Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 452.) heath-like shrubs, with short, linear, scattered, very acute leaves,
leaves crowded, ovate-oblong, fringed, pubescent and glandular which are beset with glandular dots. Flowers white, axillary
beneath ; flowers terminal, umbellate; calyxes, petals, and sta- towards the tops of the branches, solitary, on short peduncles,
mens fringed. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. furnished with many sepal-like, close-pressed bracteas.
Diósma villosa, Thunb. prod. p. 43. Hartògia villosa, Berg. cap. 1 C. A'LBA (Bartl. et Wendl. 1. c. Andr. Juss. 1. c.) leaves
70. Flowers pink.
linear, keeled, mucronate, with cartilaginous scabrous margins ;
Villous Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1786. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. sterile filaments fitted into the plaits of the petals. h. G. Na-
9 A. CUSPIDA'TA (Meyer in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 452.) tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma álba, Thunb. fl. cap.
.
.
leaves crowded, upper ones very densely imbricated, ovate, acu- 2.
p.
126. Adenándra álba, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 451.
minated, quite smooth ; flowers almost sessile ; calyxes and petals
;
Diósma rúbra, Hortul. Flowers white. Calyxes and bracteas
fringed. N.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma fringed.
cuspidata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 785. Flowers pink.
White-flowered Coleonema. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1800. Shrub
Pointed-leaved Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
1 to 2 feet.
2 C. FILIFÓRMIS (Andr. Juss. l. c.) h. G. Native of the Cape
of Good Hope. Diósma filiformis, D. C. herb. ex Andr. Juss.
§ 2. Flowers on long peduncles. Glands of filaments globose.
We know nothing of this plant.
10 A. FRA'GRANS (Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 451.) leaves Filiform Coleonema. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
scattered, spreading very much, ovate-oblong, glandular, a little 3 Č. ASPALATHOIDES (Andr. Juss. 1. c.) leaves oblong or
crenulated; pedicels clammy, aggregate, umbellate, almost twice linear, triquetrous, dotted beneath, hooked at the apex ; flowers
as long as the leaves; calyxes reflexed; petals crenulate. h.G. nearly sessile, solitary, or twin. h. G. Native of the Cape
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma fràgrans, Sims, bot. of Good Hope. Diósma aspalathoides, herb. Burm. but not
mag. t. 1519. Flowers rose-colour.
of Lam. Flowers white.
Sweet-scented Adenandra. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub Aspalathus-like Coleonema. Shrub 1 foot.
1 to 2 feet.
11 A. MARGINATA (Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 452.) leaves Cult. These beautiful little shrubs will grow best in a mix-
ture of peat and sand, with the addition of a little loam, The
scattered, smooth, diaphanous, cordate, lower ones ovate, upper young tops taken off, and made into cuttings, and planted neatly
ones lanceolate ; umbels terminal ; sterile stamens bearded. h. in a pot of sand, and a bell-glass placed over them, will root
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma marginàta,
,
without heat.
Thunb. prod. 1. p. 713. Flowers pale fesh-coloured.
IX. DIO'SMA (from dos, dios, divine, and ooun, osme,
Marginate-leaved Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1806.
smell; the bruised leaves have an exquisite smell). Bergius,
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
12 A. LINEA'ris (Andr. Juss. mem. mus. 12. p. 470.) leaves
cap. Willd. enum. p. 257. Bartl. et Wendl. dios. Wendl.
coll. 1. p. 1. Diósma, sect. 5. Eudiòsma, D. C. prod. 1. p.
opposite, linear, obtuse, spreading ; branches and pedicels
716. exclusive of no. 42, 43. and 53.
smooth ; flowers terminal, on long, usually solitary pedicels. .
LIN. Syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Disk
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma lineàris, Thunb.
adnate to the bottom of the calyx, with a free glandular 5-fur-
сар.
2. p. 136.
p
rowed, 5-lobed margin; lobes alternating with the segments of
Linear-leaved Adenandra. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1800.
Shrub 1 foot.
the calyx. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 5, alternating with the
petals, and shorter ; filaments smooth, filiformly-subulate; an-
13 A. ROSMARINIFÒLIA (Andr. Juss, mem. mus. 1. c.) leaves
thers roundish, each furnished with a sessile gland at the apex.
lanceolate-linear, revolute, smooth; peduncles axillary and ter-
minal ; capsules very blunt.
ħ. G. Native of the Cape of Style short, usually a little arched, smooth, ending in a capitate
h.G. Native of the Cape of stigma, which is scarcely broader. Fruit of 5 joined carpels,
Good Hope. Diósma rosmarinifòlia, Lam. ill. 2. p. 81. Flowers each furnished with a short horn on the outside at the apex.
.
reddish.
Seeds 1-2 in each carpel, sometimes furnished with a jagged-
Rosemary-leaved Adenandra. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. This is a genus of beautiful little greenhouse shrubs ;
crested appendix at the apex, especially D. hirsùta (see Gært.
they will thrive best in a mixture of sand and peat, with a little
fruct. 1. p. 82. t. 94.).—Small heath-like shrubs, with scattered
turfy loam. The young tops, before they begin to throw out
or opposite, linear-acute, channelled, sharply serrulated or fringed
their buds, made into cuttings, and planted neatly in a pot of
leaves, which are covered with glandular dots. Flowers white
or red, sometimes solitary at the tops of the branches, sometimes
sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, will root without heat.
corymbosely-aggregate; pedicels short, furnished with minute
VIII, COLEONE'MA (from Koleos, koleos, a sheath, and
bracteas, which are sometimes opposite.
vnua, nema, a filament; the filaments are fixed into a sheath-like
Flowers sub-corymbose. Leaves opposite.
recess of the petals). Bartl. et Wendl. dios. ex Andr. Juss. in 1 D. SUCCULE'NTA (Wendl. coll. 1. t. 1.) leaves imbricate,
mem. mus. 12. p. 471. t. 19. no. 17. Diósma, spec. of authors. in 4 rows, opposite, linear, keeled, acute, thickish, ciliated
Adenándra, spec. Rom. et Schult. syst. 5.
corymbs few-flowered, terminal. h. G. Native of the Cape
a
A.
*
a
3

784
RUTACEÆ. IX. DIOSMA.
of Good Hope. D. pinifòlia, Fisch. D. decussata, Lam. 2. p. a little recurved. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
283.? D. rigídulum, Willd.? Hartógia succulenta, Berg. cap.- Flowers white.
Pluk. t. 279. f. 4.-Comm. rar. t. 1. and Seb, thes. 2. t. 40. Ambiguous Diosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1810. Sh. 1 to 3 ft.
f. 5. Flowers white.
11 D. LONGIFOLIA (Wendl. coll. 1. p. 61. t. 19.) leaves scat-
Succulent Diosma. Fl. April, June. Shrub 2 feet.
tered, linear, pointed, long, smooth, glandular, spreading,
2 D. OPPOSITIFÒLIA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 132.) leaves oppo- fringed; corymbs terminal, few-flowered ; horns of carpels
site, trigonal, blunt, fringed; corymbs terminal, few-flowered. hooked. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. rubra,
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lin. spec. 286. Lam. dict. Flowers white, tinged with blue.
Flowers white.
Long-leaved Diosma. Fl. May, June. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 3 ft.
Opposite-leaved Diosma. Fl. Feb. July. Clt. 1774. Shrub 12 Ď. TENUIFÒLIA (Willd. enum. p. 258.) leaves linear, keeled,
1 to 2 feet.
mucronate, ciliated; peduncles 1-2-flowered, corymbose, ter-
3 D. RECU'RVA (Nees in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p. 51.) smooth, minal. H.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. linifòlia,
erect, branched ; branches very leafy; flowers dichotomous, Hort. Flowers white.
rarely somewhat umbellate or cymose, sessile; leaves nearly op- Fine-leaved Diosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. ? Shrub 1 to 2 ft.
posite, linear-lanceolate, recurved at the apex, almost sessile, 13 D. UMBELLA'TA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 133.) leaves scat-
flat above, but convex beneath, glandular on the margins and tered, trigonal, obtuse, dotted, ciliated; umbels many-flowered,
mid-rib beneath ; petals and filaments smooth, h. G. Native terminal. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Peduncles
of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small. Petals ovate, con- purple. Corolla white.
cave, erect, twice the length of the calyx. Stamens length of Ūmbellate Diosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
calyx; sterile stamens opposite the petals.
14 D. TENUISSIMA (Lodd. in Link, enum. 1. p. 257.) leaves
Recurved-leaved Diosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
scattered, somewhat triquetrous, smooth, remotish, scarcely 2
lines long ; flowers sub-corymbose ? h.G. Native of the Cape
** Flowers sub-corymbose. Leaves scattered.
of Good Hope. Flowers white.
Very slender Diosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub
4 D. PECTINA'TA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 127.) leaves scattered, 1 to 2 feet.
trigonal, acute, dotted, ciliated, spreading ; corymbs terminal,
15 D. THYOÌDES (Willd. in Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 462.)
few-flowered ; branchlets pubescent. h.G. Native of the Cape leaves scattered, linear, smooth, close-pressed ; branches whorled;
of Good Hope. Flowers white.
flowers terminal, umbellate; peduncles pubescent. Þ.G. Na-
Pectinated Diosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1812. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers white.
5 D. SUBULA'TA (Wendl. coll. 1. p. 31. t. 8.) leaves scattered, Cupressus-like Diosma. Shrub 2 feet,
linear, keeled, acuminated, fringed, erect, sometimes opposite ; 16 D. PARVIFLÒRA (Willd. in Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p.
corymbs terminal, few-flowered. Þ.G. Native of the Cape 462.) leaves scattered, awl-shaped, triquetrous, acute, smooth;
of Good Hope. Petals bluish, shorter than the acute calyx. flowers in terminal umbels ; pedicels pubescent. Þ.G. Na-
Subulate-leaved Diosma. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1812. Shrub tive of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers small, white.
1 to 2 feet.
Small-flowered Diosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
6 D. ASPALATHOIDES (Lam. dict. 2. p. 286.) leaves scattered,
*** Flowers stalked, usually solitary.
trigonal, linear, erect, ending at the apex in a hooked point,
smooth, dotted beneath ; peduncles and calyxes quite smooth ; 17 D. USTULA'TA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 132.) leaves ovate,
flowers usually corymbose. ħ. G. Native of the Cape of trigonal, umbricated, smooth ; flowers terminal, solitary. K.G.
Good Hope. D. glabràta, Meyer. Flowers white.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Leaves covered with dark
Aspalathus-like Diosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
dots above. Flowers white.
7 D. HIRSU'TA (Thunb. A. cap. 2. p. 128.) leaves scattered, Dark-dotted Diosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
linear, keeled, mucronate, villous ; branches and calyxes 18 D. SCA'BRA (Lam. dict. 2. p. 283.) leaves opposite, decussate,
hairy; peduncles terminal, 1-flowered, sub-corymbose. h. G. linear, keeled, scabrous, fringed, with a recurved point; pedun-
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Wendl. coll. 1. t. 27.- cles twin, 1-flowered, terminal. ħ. G. Native of the Cape of
Comm. rar. t. 3. Flowers white, with a bluish or pinkish Good Hope. Flowers white.
tinge.
Scabrous Diosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Hairy Diosma. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1731. Shrub 2 to 4 feet. 19 D. ERICOIDES (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 130.) leaves crowded,
8 D. VIRGA'TA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 129.) leaves scattered, trigonal, blunt, smooth, dotted ; flowers terminal, usually soli-
trigonal, obtuse, dotted, smooth; flowers somewhat racemose, tary. h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Sims, bot.
.
fastigiate. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Flowers mag, t. 2332. Mill. fig. t. 124. f. 2.-Pluk. alma. t. 179. f. 3.
white, smooth.
Flowers small, white, with a tinge of red on the upper surface.
Twiggy Diosma. Fl. March, Ju. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1 to 2 ft. The leaves emit a strong penetrating smell when bruised. The
9 D. RU'BRA (Lin. spec. 287.) leaves scattered, linear, keeled, Hottentots use the leaves of this and other species to scent
,
mucronate, smooth, fringed at the base, bifariously dotted be- their ointments. It is a low bushy shrub.
neath ; flowers terminal, somewhat umbellate ; calyxes fringed ; Heath-like Diosma. Fl. Feb. Jul. Clt. 1756. Sh. 1 to 3 ft.
carpels with straight horns. h. G. Native of the Cape of 20 D. LINEA`RIS (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 136.) leaves opposite,
Good Hope. Ker. bot. reg. t. 563. D. ericifolia, Andr. bot. linear, obtuse, spreading; branches and pedicels smooth; flowers
rep. t. 451.-Mill. fig. t. 125. f. 1.-Comm. rar. t. 2. Calyxes terminal, usually solitary. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good
reddish. Petals white. The leaves when bruised emit a strong Hope. Flowers white?
balsamic scent, as well as all the other species.
Linear-leaved Diosma. Fl. Mar. July. Clt. 1800. Shrub
Red-calyxed Diosma. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1752. Shrub 1 1 to 2 feet.
to 4 feet.
* * * * Flowers almost sessile.
10 D. AMBIGUA (Lodd. bot. cab. t. 461.) leaves scattered,
linear, pointed, keeled, fringed, erectish; flowers sub-corym- 21 D. MEYERIA'NA (Spreng. syst. 1. p.783.) leaves crowded,
bose ; peduncles short, pubescent; horns of carpels spreading, linear, pointed, upright, pressed, with scabrous edges; flowers
.
--

RUTACEÆ. IX. DIOSMA. X. EUCHÆTIS. XI. ACMADENIA. XII. BAROSMA.
785
.
h. G.
a
.
a
terminal, glomerate. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. terminal, solitary, almost sessile, furnished with imbricate sepal-
D. virgàta, Meyer. Flowers small, white.
like bracteas.
Meyer's Diosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
1 A. JUNIPE'RINA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. 1. c.)
22 D. RAMOSÍSSIMA (Bartl. dios. Spreng. syst. 1. p. 783.) leaves crowded, trigonal, linear, acute, on very short petioles ;
leaves crowded, linear, trigonal, very blunt, upright, smooth ; flowers solitary, terminal; sterile filaments very short.
flowers usually solitary ; petals blunt. n. G. Native of the
ħ. G. Native of the Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma junipérina, Spreng.
Cape of Good Hope. D. cupréssina, Lam. Flowers white. syst. 1. p. 784. Diósma ulícina, Lodd. cat. 1824.? Flowers
Much-branched Diosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
red ?
23 D. CUPRESSINA (Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 136.) leaves oppo- Juniper-like Acmadenia. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub
site, imbricated in 4 rows, oblong-lanceolate, close-pressed, with 1 to 2 feet.
scabrous margins, keeled, acute; flowers terminal, usually soli- 2 A. OBTUSA'TA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaves
tary. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Lodd. bot. crowded, somewhat trigonal, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, fringed ;
cab. t. 303. Wendl. coll. 2. t. 61.—Pluk. alm. t. 279. f. 2. D. branches pubescent; flowers sessile, solitary; calyxes and petals
dichótoma, Berg. cap. p. 63. Brùnia uniflòra, Lin. spec. 289. fringed ; sterile filaments very short. h. G. Native of the
Flowers white, tinged with pink.
Cape of Good Hope. Diósma obtusàta, Wendl. coll. 3. p. 7.
Cypress-like Diosma. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1790. Shrub t. 76. Flowers pale-red.
1 to 2 feet.
Obtuse-leaved Acmadenia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cult. Diósma is a genus of beautiful heath-like shrubs; 3 A. LÆVIGA'TA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. 1. c.)
they will thrive best in a mixture of peat and sand, with the leaves ovate, keeled, obtuse, smooth, fringed ; flowers sessile,
addition of a little turfy loaf; and youngish cuttings, planted in terminal, solitary; sterile filaments very short. h. G. Native
a pot of sand, and a bell-glass placed over them, will strike of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma tetragona, Thunb. i. cap.
root freely without heat.
1. p. 133. voy. 4. t. 5. Diósma lævigàta, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
p
784. Búcco tetragona, Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 444.
X. EUCHÆTIS (from ev, eu, well, and xairn, chaite, a head Adenándra tetragona, Sweet, hort. subur. lond. p.
45. Flowers
of hair ; in allusion to the petals being bearded inside). Bartl. white.
et Wendl. diosm. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 472.- Smoothed Acmadenia. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1789. Shrub
Diósma spec. Meyer.
1 to 2 feet.
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Disk
.
4 A. ALTERNIFÒLIA (Nees, in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p. 52.)
adnate to the base of the calyx, with a free, short margin, which branched, densely leafy ; leaves linear, triquetrous, keeled,
is somewhat 5-crenate. Petals 5, a little longer than the calyx, acute, rough from glandular dots beneath; flowers somewhat
hardly unguiculate, transversely bearded in the middle on the umbellate, terminal, few, sessile; sepals ovate, acuminated,
inside. Stamens 5, opposite the segments of the calyx, and ciliated at the base; petals wedge-shaped, ciliated ; stigma ca-
shorter than them; anthers roundish, each furnished at the pitate. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
.
apex with a minute, rather globose gland. Style shorter than Alternate-leaved Acmadenia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
the stamens, erect, quite smooth, dilated at the apex into a capi- 5 A. PU’NGENS (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. 1. c.)
tate stigma. Capsule of 5 joined carpels, each furnished with leaves oblong, acuminated, smooth; flowers solitary, sessile.
a little horn at the apex on the outside. - A shrub with scattered, h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma pungens,
lanceolate, keeled leaves, with 2 rows of glands on the keel, and Spreng. syst. 1. p. 784. Flowers white.
serrulated, scabrous, ciliated margins, without dots. Flowers Pungent-leaved Acmadenia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
white, glomerate at the tops of the branches; peduncles very 6 A. TETRAGONA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. 1. c.)
short, each furnished with 2 opposite bracteas. This genus leaves roundish-rhomboidal, with scabrous margins, floral ones
differs from Acmadènia, in the sterile filaments being sometimes dilated at the apex; flowers large, sessile, solitary; sterile fila-
almost wanting
ments awl-shaped. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
1 E. GLOMERA'TA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. p. 15. t. A. f. 1.) Diósma tetragona, Lin. syst. 239.
.
Flowers white.
leaves crowded, acute, close-pressed; flowers glomerate, ter- Tetragonal Acmadenia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
minal. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma Cult. This is a beautiful genus of little shrubs, differing
glomerata, Meyer. Flowers white.
from all the Cape Diosmæ in the leaves being closely imbricated
Glomerate-flowered Euchætis. Shrub 2 feet.
in four rows, covering the stem. These require the same treat-
Cult. See Diósma for cultivation and propagation.
ment as that recommended for Diósma, which see.
XI. ACMADE'NIA (from akun, acme, a point, and aồnv, aden, XII. BARO'SMA (from Bapus, barys, heavy, and coun,
a gland ; in allusion to the anthers being terminated by pointed osme, smell; all the species have a heavy smell). Willd. enum.
glands). Bartl. et Wendl, diosm. p. 16. Andr. Juss. in mem. 257. Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12.
mus. 12. p. 473. t. 18. no. 14.-Diósma, species of authors. p. 474. t. 29. no. 18.—Baryósma, Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p.
5
.
Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Disk 448. but not of Gært.-Parapetalífera, Wendl. coll. 1. p. 92.-
adnate to the base of the calyx, with a free, spreading, entire Diósma spec. of authors.--Hartògia, spec. Berg. 69.-Búcco.
margin. Petals 5, with long claws; claws bearded on the spec. Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 438.
inside. Filaments 10, enclosed, the 5 sterile ones opposite the
LIN. SYST.
Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-
petals and inserted in the margin of the disk, or almost wanting, parted, dotted. Disk covering the bottom of the calyx, with
the 5 fertile ones are longest; anthers ovate, each furnished with the margin for the most part very short, and hardly prominent
a conical gland at the apex. Style shorter than the filaments,
a
above. Petals 5, with short claws. Filaments 10, the 5 oppo-
dilated at the apex into a capitate, obscurely 5-furrowed stigma. site the petals sterile, petal-like, not unguiculate, obscurely glan-
Capsules of 5 compressed carpels, each bearing a horn at the dular at the apex, fringed; the 5 alternate ones longest, smooth,
apex on the outside.—Small, heath-like shrubs, with opposite, or a little hispid, awl-shaped, capillary, bearing egg-shaped
thickish, keeled, and hence somewhat trigonal leaves, which are
anthers, each furnished with a minute gland at the apex, rarely
imbricated in 4 rows and dotted beneath. Flowers white or red, without, Style about the length of the petals, a little arched.
5 H
-
.
,
LIN. SYST.
-
-
VOL. I.

786
XIII. AGATHOSMA.
RUTACEÆ. .
. BAROSMA.
XII. . syst. 5.
p. 461.
p.
smooth or hispid at the base, tapering to the top into a minute pulchélla but larger in every part ; fertile filaments ciliated at
5-lobed stigma. Capsule of 5 joined carpels, each furnished the base, but the sterile ones all over ; petals full of glan-
with an auricle at the top on the outside, and with glandular dular dots. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
dots on the back.--Small, heath-like shrubs, with opposite or Fair Barosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
scattered, coriaceous, flat, dotted leaves, with their margins
* * Leaves entire or revolute.
sometimes glandularly serrulated, sometimes almost entire or re-
volute. Flowers white or red, solitary or in threes; pedicels short, 8 B. OVA'TA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. 1. c.) leaves
furnished with close-pressed, imbricate, sepal-like bracteas. In nearly opposite, ovate, oval, obovate or ovate-roundish, smooth,
B. trichópodis, Bartl. the flowers are in fascicles on 1-flowered entire, beset with rusty dots beneath ; flowers axillary, stalked.
pedicels, rising from the minute, many-leaved, axillary buds. h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma ovata,
Thunb. prod. 43. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1616. Búcco ovata,
* Leaves glandularly serrulated.
Wendl. coll. t. 20. Flowers white.
1 B. SERRATIFÒLIA (Willd. enum. p. 257.) leaves nearly oppo- Ovate-leaved Barosma. Fl. Feb. Sept. Clt. 1790. Shrub
site, lanceolate, stalked, glandularly serrulated, smooth ; pedun- 1 to 3 feet.
cles axillary, subdivided. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good 9 B. GRAVE'OLENS ; leaves ovate, quite entire, imbricate,
Hope. Diósma serratifòlia, Curt. bot. mag. t. 456. Lodd. bot. smooth ; peduncles axillary, solitary. h. G. Native of the
cab. t. 373. Burch, voy. 1. p. 476. with a figure. Parape- Cape of Good Hope. Diósma graveolens, Licht. in Roem. et
talífera serràta, Wendl. coll. 1. t. 34. Adenándra cordàta, Link.
Schult.
enum. 1. 236. Petals white.
Strong-scented Barosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Serrate-leaved Barosma. Fl. Mar. June. Clt. 1789. Shrub 10 B. OBLONGA (Bartl, et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. I. c.) leaves
1 to 3 feet.
scattered, obovate-oblong, coriaceous, shining, with thickened,
2 B. ODORA'TA (Willd. enum. p. 257.) leaves opposite, ovate- revolute, glandularly-crenated margins ; branches pubescent;
oblong, crenated, smooth, glandular ; pedicels axillary, solitary. peduncles axillary, exceeding the leaves. h G. Native of
h
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma odorata, the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma oblonga, Thunb. fl. cap. 2.
D. C. prod. 1. p. 714. D. latif òlia, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 290. p. 139. D. lanceolata, var. ß et y, Thunb. prod. 43. Flowers
Parapetalífera odorata, Wendl. coll. 1. t. 15. Branches tetra- white.
gonal. Peduncles sometimes 2-flowered. Flowers white.
Oblong-leaved Barosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Sweet-scented Barosma. Fl. Mar. June. Clt. 1789. Shrub 11 B. DioICA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. 1. c.) leaves
2 to 4 feet.
scattered, upper ones tern, lanceolate, tapering to both ends,
3 B. BETULINA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. 1. c.) full of glandular dots, spreading ; peduncles axillary, usually in
.
leaves opposite, obovate, serrulated, sessile, spreading much, threes, shorter than the leaves ; fowers dioecious from abortion.
covered with glandular dots beneath ; flowers axillary, solitary. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma dioica, Ker.
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma betulina, bot. reg. t. 502. Diósma linifòlia, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 400. but
Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 139. Hartògia betulina, Berg. cap. 69. not of Licht. Stamens a little exserted. Petals purplish.
Búcco betulina, Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 443. Diósma orbi- Dioecious Barosma. Fl. April, Jul.
Fl. April, Jul. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
culàris, Hort. Flowers white.
12 B. ANGUSTIFÒLIA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex. Juss. 1. c.)
Birch-like Barosma. Fl. Feb. Sept. Clt. 1790. Sh. 1 to 3 ft. leaves opposite, linear, truncate, revolute, quite smooth, with
4 B. LATIFÒLIA (Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 449.) leaves pellucid, glandularly crenate dots on the margins ; flowers axil-
opposite, ovate-oblong, sessile, serrulated, smoothish, without lary, aggregate, on short peduncles. ħ. G. Native of the
glandular dots ; branches villous; flowers usually solitary, la- Cape of Good Hope. Diósma stenophylla, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
teral. . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma 785. Flowers white?
latifòlia, Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 139. Lin. fil. suppl. 154. Andr. Narrow-leaved Barosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
bot. rep. t. 33. Flowers white.
.
13 B. FETIDI'SSIMA (Bart). et Wendl. 1. c.) leaves linear,
Broad-leaved Barosma. Fl. Jul. Aug. Clt. 1789. Sh. 1 ft. very blunt, revolute, usually tern; flowers terminal, somewhat
5 B. PULCHE'LLA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. 1. c.) leaves umbellately aggregate. h.G. Native of the Cape of Good
crowded, ovate, quite smooth, with thickened, crenate-glandular Hope. Diósma foetidíssima, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 785. Flowers
-.
margins; peduncles axillary, usually solitary, exceeding the
white.
leaves. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma Very-fetid Barosma. Fl. Feb. July. Clt. 1824. Sh. 1 to 3 ft.
pulchella, Lin. spec. 288. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1357. Hartògia
,
14 B. TRICHO'PODIS (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. 1. c.)
pulchélla, Berg. cap. 69. Búcco pulchella, Rom. et Schult. flowers in fascicles, on 1-flowered pedicels, rising from the
syst. 5. p. 442. Flowers pale-red. The Hottentots use the minute, many-leaved, axillary buds. ñ . G. Native of the Cape
leaves of this plant, dried and powdered, under the name of of Good Hope.
Bucku, to mix with the grease with which they anoint them- Hairy-stalked Barosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
selves. It gives them so rank an odour, that Thunberg says Cult. Barósma is a genus of pretty little shrubs, which
he could not bear the smell of the men who drove his waggon. thrive best in a mixture of sand, peat, and a little turfy loam;
Neat Barosma. Fl. Feb. Sept. Clt. 1789. Sh. 1 to 3 feet. and cuttings taken off from ripened wood, and planted in a pot of
6 B.CRENATA (Sweet, hort. brit. p. 89.) leaves usually oppo- sand, with a bell-glass placed
over them, will strike root readily.
site, ovate, acute, dotted, with glandularly-crenated margins ;
pedicels solitary, 1-flowered. h. G. Native of the Cape of XIII. AGATHO'SMA (from ayafoc, agathos, good, and
Good Hope. Diósma crenata, Lodd. bot. cab. t. 404. Pro- ogun, osme, smell; the plants contained in this genus have a
bably the same as Diósma crenata of Lin. and Thunb. but the pleasant smell). Willd. enum. 259. Bartl. et Wendl. diosm.
leaves are said to be scattered, not opposite. Flowers white. ex Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 475. t. 20. no. 19. Búcco,
The leaves are used like the last.
Wendl. coll. 1. p. 13. Diósma, species of authors. Hartògia
Crenate-leaved Barosma. Fl. Jan. April. Clt. 1774. Shrub species, Lin. et Berg.
1 to 2 feet.
LIN. SYST.
Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Disk
7 B. PU'LCHRA (Nees, in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p. 53.) like B. short, glandular, adnáte to the bottom of the calyx, usually
.
.

RUTACEÆ. XIII. AGATHOSMA.
787
a
a
a
pressed to the ovaries. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, ungui-
Petals 5, longer than the calyx, ungui- leaves trigonal, blunt, erect, very narrow; keeled beneath.
culate; claws long, narrow, usually hispid, with a broad, entire, h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. D. virgàta, Lam.
spreading limb. Filaments 10, the 5 opposite the petals shorter dict. 2. p. 286.
286. Búcco Lamarkiàna, Rom. et Schultz. syst. 5.
than them, petal-like, hispid at the base, but dilated at the p. 447. Flowers white.
apex into a spatula, which is obscurely glandular-dotted, the 5 Twiggy Agathosma. Fl. Mar. Jul. Clt. 1820. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
alternate ones somewhat terete, usually unequal, bearing sub- 9 A. PARVIFLÓRA; leaves scattered, linear-trigonal, mucro-
globose anthers, each furnished with a minute globular gland nate, smooth, obsoletely dotted; pedicels aggregate, pubescent.
at the apex. Style about the length of tlie stamens, tapering to ħ h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma parvi-
the apex into a 2-5-lobed stigma. Fruit of 2 or 3 joined car- flòra, Willd. in Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 462. Flowers
pels, each furnished with a horn at the apex on the outside. small, white.
Small, heath-like shrubs, with scattered, short, narrow leaves, Small-flowered Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
usually with revolute edges, somewhat trigonal, sometimes flat, 10 A. BRUNIA'DES ; leaves scattered, linear-trigonal, awl-
entire, or with glandular teeth, for the most part dotted. Flowers shaped, dotted, and a little fringed; branches hairy ; peduncles
reddish or lilac, but usually white, aggregate at the tops of the fastigiate, elongated. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good
branches in heads or umbels. Peduncles 1-flowered, furnished Hope. Diósma bruniàdes, Link. enum. 237. A. cuspidata,
with scale-like bracteas at their base, and for the most part Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. Flowers lilac or white.
furnished with 2 alternate, bristle-like bracteas in the middle. Brunia-like Agathosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1820. Shrub
1 to 2 feet.
§ 1. Flowers terminal, subumbellate.
11 A.? TERETIFÒLIA ; leaves linear, convex above, chan-
* Leaves linear-trigonal.
nelled beneath, blunt, and are as well as the margins pubescent.
1 A. BISU'LCA; leaves scattered, trigonal, linear, erect, with an h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma teretifolia,
acute, recurved apex, hairy, keeled beneath from 4 rows of Link. enum. 1. p. 237. Flowers unknown.
dots ; petals pilose. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Terete-leaved Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Diósma bisúlca, Thunb. prod. 1. p. 84. D. bifurca, Willd.
* * Leaves broader, flattish.
spec. 1. p. 1136.
Leaves with a glandular point, and with 2
furrows beneath. Flowers white.
12 A. THUNBERGIA'NA ; leaves imbricate, lanceolate, keeled,
Two-furrowed-leaved Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
fringed, incurved at the apex; peduncles hairy, aggregate, ter-
2 A. HÍSPIDA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. p. 16.) leaves crowded, minal. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma
linear, trigonal, blunt, spreading, hispid, keeled, and 2-furrowed ciliàta, Thunb. D. Thunbergiàna, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 786.
beneath ; pedicels and calyxes pubescent; petals quite smooth. Flowers white?
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma híspida, Thunberg's Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 129. Hartògia Capensis, Lin. spec. 288.
.
сар
. 13 A. BÍFIDA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng.) leaves
Búcco híspida, Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 446. Flowers white.
.
somewhat imbricate, linear-oblong, obtuse, fringed, keeled be-
Hispid Agathosma. Fl. June, Aug. Clt. 1786. Shrub 1 ft. neath, dotted, smooth ; peduncles quite smooth, crowded ; petals
3 A. PA'TULA ; leaves somewhat linear-trigonal, blunt, quite deeply divided into 2 linear lobes. h.G. Native of the Cape of
smooth above, but rough from furrows beneath ; peduncles and Good Hope. Diósma bífida, Jacq. coll. 3. p. 278. t. 20. f. 1.
calyxes pubescent. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Dichósma bífida, G. Don, in Loud. hort. brit. p. 85. Flowers
Diósma pàtula, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 786. Flowers white.
white.
Spreading Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Bifid-petalled Agathosma. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. ? Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
.
4 A. ERE'CTA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss.) leaves imbri- 14 A. LINIFÒLIA (Licht. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p.
cate, trigonal, blunt, dotted beneath, a little fringed; peduncles 448. sub. Búcco,) leaves rather linear, acute, roughish, fringed,
,
villous, short.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. full of pellucid dots; peduncles quite smooth. h. G. Native
Diósma brevifolia, Lam. dict. 2. p. 285. Búcco brevifolia, of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma linifòlia, Spreng. syst. 1.
Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 446.
446. Flowers pale-violet.
786. Flowers white ?
Erect Agathosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1818. Sh. 1 to 2 ft. Flax-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1823. Shrub
5 A. REFLE'XA (Link. enum. 238.) leaves linear, acute, a little 1 to 2 feet.
reflexed at the apex, with rows of glands on the margin and 15 A. BLÆRIOIDES (Nees, in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p. 55.) erect ;
beneath; branches smooth. h. G. Native of the Cape of
Cape of branches densely leafy, pilose at the apex; flowers rather um-
Good Hope. Diósma reflexa, Lodd. cat. D. C. prod. 1. p. bellate, terminal ; leaves elliptical, obtuse, coriaceous, with glan-
716. Flowers pale-violet ?
dular, revolute margins ; bracteas minute ; peduncles hairy,
Reflexed-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, June. Cit. 1820. bractless; calyx hairy at the base; petals obovate ; fertile sta-
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
mens smooth, sterile ones petaloid and ciliated. Þ.G. Native
6 A. TENUÍSSIMA ; leaves scattered, erect, triquetrous, bluntish, of the Cape of Good Hope.
smooth; peduncles elongated, and are as well as the petals Blæria-like Agathosma. Shrub 1 foot.
quite smooth. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 16 A. MU'NDTII (Nees, in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p. 56.) much
Diósma tenuíssima, Lodd. in Link. enum. 1. p. 257. Flowers branched; branches slender, densely leafy; flowers rather um-
white.
bellate, terminal ; leaves spreading, on short footstalks ; brac-
Slenderest Agathosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1820.
Shrub teas minute, form of an involucre to the flower ; peduncles
1 to 2 feet.
smooth, filiform, naked ; sepals ovate, bluntish, smooth and
7 A. THYOÌDES ; leaves imbricate, linear-trigonal, smooth, finely ciliated ; petals oblong, obtuse, with the claws pubescent;
, ,
blunt; branches in whorls; peduncles pubescent, aggregate, ter- fertile stamens smooth, sterile ones narrow, petaloid, and ciliated.
minal. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
thyoides, Willd. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 462.
p
. Flowers Mündt's Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
lilac?
17 A. PROLIFERA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Juss. 1. c.)
Cupressus-like Agathosma. Fl. Apr. Jul. Clt.? Sh. 1 to 2 ft. leaves spreading, lanceolate, cuspidate, keeled ; keel and edges
8 A. VIRGA'TA ; shrub quite smooth, and much branched; fringed, dotted ; branches whorled, proliferous ; pedicels some-
.
h. G.
p. 786.
.
5 н2

788
RUTACEÆ. XIII. AGATHOSMA.
p. 787.
what fastigiate, pubescent; calyxes smooth. Þ.G. Native of calyxes villous. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
the Cape of Good Hope. Búcco prolífera, Wendl. coll. 3. t. Diósma pubescens, Thunb. prod. 43. fl. cap. 134. Flowers white.
77. Diósma prolífera, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 786. Flowers white.
p
Pubescent Agathosma. Fl. April, July. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Proliferous-branched Agathosma. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1790. 26 A. GLABRA'TA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng.) plant
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
quite smooth ; leaves imbricate, oblong-lanceolate, thickish,
18 A. SERPYLLA'CEA (Licht. in Rom. et Schult. syst. 5.
p. convex beneath, with a trigonal gibbosity at the apex; peduncles
447. under Búcco,) leaves crowded, erect, linear-lanceolate, with rather elongated. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
thickened, revolute, fringed, glandular margins ; branches and Diósma leiophylia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 787. Flowers purple ?
pedicels hairy. ħ. G.
ħ. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Smooth Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Diósma serpyllàcea, D. C. prod. 1. p. 719. Diósma strícta, - 27 A. HY'BRIDA ; leaves spreading, oblong, obtuse, keeled,
Willd. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 462. Flowers probably with a trigonal gibbosity at the apex; keel and margins fringed ;
white.
peduncles and calyxes quite smooth. Đ. G. Native of the
h
Wild Thyme-leaved Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Cape of Good Hope. Diósma hybrida, Spreng. syst. 1.
19 A. CILIA'TA ; leaves scattered, lanceolate, acute, with tooth- Flowers white ?
letted-fringed, revolute edges, dotted beneath, and bearing hairs Hybrid Agathosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1820. Shrub 1
on the middle nerve, becoming at length reflexed; pedicels to 2 feet.
smoothish? ovaries hairy at the apex. h. G. Native of the 28 A. RUGÓSA (Link. enum. 238.) leaves spreading, oblong or
Cape of Good Hope. D. capitàta, Dum. Cours. bot. cult. 2d. ovate, blunt, keeled, wrinkled, villous beneath, reflexed; pedi-
ed. 5. p. 405. Diósma ciliàta, Lin. spec. 287. Flowers white. cels capillary, clothed with glandular hairs ; calyxes pubescent.
Fringed-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma rugosa,
1 to 2 feet.
Thunb. fl. cap. 2. p. 138. A. mollis, Bartl. et Wendl. diosm.
20 A. CEREFÒLIA ; leaves crowded, lanceolate, acute, spread- ex Spreng. Flowers white.
ing, keeled, fringed; pedicels and calyxes beset with glandular Wrinkled Agathosma. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub
hairs; ovaries smooth. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good 1 to 2 feet.
Hope. Diósma cerefòlium, Vent. malm. t. 93. Búcco cerefò- 29 A. OBTU'SA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaves
lium, Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 439.
439. The leaves of this plant scattered, spreading, oblong-lanceolate, blunt, somewhat keeled;
smell like chervil when bruised. Flowers small, white.
keel and margins fringed ; pedicels elongated, beset with glan-
Chervil-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1790. Shrub dular hairs; ovaries smooth. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of
1 to 2 feet.
Good Hope. Diosma ciliàta, Lam. dict. 2. p. 287. Lodd. bot.
21 A. E'LEGANS (Nees, in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p. 54.) much cab. t. 210. D. thymifòlia, Willd. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5.
branched, and densely leafy ; branches very hairy at the apex ; p. 462. Búcco obtùsa, Rom. et Schult. syst. 5.
p.
438. Flowers
flowers racemosely-corymbose ; leaves spreading, stalked, ovate, white and purplish.
or oblong, revolute, hairy, with the margins beset with hairs and Var. a, ovàta (D. C. prod. 1. p. 714.) leaves ovate, crowded,
inconspicuous glands ; bracteas oblong, pubescent; calyx pubes- upper ones bearing glandular hairs on the edges and on the mid-
cent; sepals ovate, keeled, finely ciliated ; petals elliptical, ob- dle nerve beneath. Wendl. coll. 1. t. 13. A.
Wendl. coll. 1. t. 13. A. pubéscens, Willd.
tuse, ciliated at the claws. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good enum. p. 259.
Hope. Fertile stamens smooth; sterile ones ciliated to the Var. ß, oblonga (Wendl. coll. 1. t. 14.) leaves oblong, upper
middle, villous.
ones bearing glandular hairs on the edges, as well as on the
Elegant Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
middle nerve beneath.
22 A. VENTENATIA'NA; leaves scattered, lanceolate, keeled, Var.
7,
lanceolata (Ker. bot. reg. t. 476.) leaves lanceolate,
hairy beneath, erect; peduncles pilose; ovaries bearing 2 glands fringed; pedicels slenderer. Hartògia lanceolata, Lin. syst. ed.
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 12. vol. 2. p. 625.
Diósma hírta, Vent, malm. t. 72. D. purpùrea, Hortul. Diósma Blunt-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub
Ventenatiàna, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 786. Búcco Ventenatiàna, 1 to 2 feet.
Rom. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 442. Diósma glandulòsa, Thunb. 30 A. MICROPHY’LLA (Meyer in Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex
f.
. p.
145.? Flowers pale-purple.
Spreng.) plant quite smooth ; leaves spreading, oblong, obtuse,
Var. f, exsiccàta (Lam. dict. 2. p. 286. ill. t. 127. f. 3.) keeled ; peduncles and petals elongated. ħ. G. Native of the
flowers whitish.
Cape of Good Hope. Diósma microphylla, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
Ventenat's Agathosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1794. Shrub 787. Flowers reddish ?
1 to 2 feet.
Small-leaved Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
23 A. LA'xA; leaves imbricate, incurved at the apex, lanceo- 31 A. ORBICULA'RIS ; leaves scattered, spreading, orbicular,
late, keeled, pubescent beneath ; branches loose ; peduncles ovate or reniform, smooth, reflexed, small, thickish, without any
elongated, pubescent. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good dots beneath ; branches villous ; pedicels pubescent. þ.
Hope. Diósma láxa, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 787. Flowers purple? Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma orbicularis, Thunb.
Loose-branched Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
f.
сар.
2.
p.
146. Flowers white. Stamens twice as long as
24 A. LASIOPHY'LLA : leaves imbricate, linear-lanceolate, in- the corolla.
curved at the apex and bluntish, hairy beneath ; branches a little Orbicular-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1790.
whorled; pedicels unequal, short, pubescent; calyxes smoothish Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. A. villosa, Willd. 32 A. WENDLANDIA'NA; leaves oblong, acute, channelled, im-
enum. 259. A. hírta, Ker. bot. reg. t. 369. Bucco villosa, Wendl.bricate, dotted, smooth, young ones rather pubescent; umbels 2-
coll. 1. p. 14. t. 2. exclusive of the synonyme of Thunberg. 3-flowered; pedicels pilose; calyxes dotted, and petals smooth.
Flowers purple. Leaves clothed with glandular villi.
Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Búcco erécta, Wendl.
Woolly-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1794. Shrub coll. 1. p. 17. t. 3. Flowers white.
1 to 2 feet.
Wendland's Agathosma. Fl. Ap. Jul. Clt. 1816. Sh. 1 to 2 ft.
95 A. PUBE'SCENS; leaves lanceolate, trigonal, mutic, with 33 A.? SPICA'TA (Licht. spic. fl. cap. mss.) leaves linear, with
the margins and rib ciliated; umbels terminal ; peduncles and revolute edges, crowded in whorls ; flowers capitately-spiked.
at the apex.
cap. 2.
h. G.

RUTACEÆ. XIII. AGATHOSMA. XIV. MACROSTYLIS.
789
h. G.
a
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Búcco spicàta. 44 A. RUFE'SCENS ; leaves crowded, somewhat trigonal, awl-
Rom. et Schult. 5. p. 448.
p
shaped, smooth, with thickened revolute margins ; pedicels and
Spike-flowered Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
calyxes rufescent; segments of calyx linear-lanceolate. h. G.
34 A. ? CORYMBOSA ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, fleshy, entire. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. A. rubrum, Willd. herb.
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma corymbosa, Diósma ruféscens, Spreng. syst. 1. p.787. Flowers lilac.
Mont. in Act. Lund. 1, 2. no. 11.
Rufescent Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Corymbose Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
45 A. Hi'rta ; leaves somewhat imbricate, linear, awl-shaped,
35 A. PUNCTA'TA; leaves orbicular, quite entire, 5-nerved, channelled, hairy on the back, decurrent; flowers densely capi-
dotted beneath.
Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
tate.
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma
Diósma punctàta, Lich. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 461. hírta, Lam. dict. 2. p. 286. Petals white, bearded at the claws.
Dotted-leaved Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Hairy Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
36 A.? PERFORA'TA ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, a little 46 A. OBTUSA'TA ; leaves aggregate, rather trigonal, obtuse,
fringed, the dots on the margin pellucid, and somewhat per- short, dotted, scabrous, rather imbricated; flowers umbellate ;
forated; umbels terminal. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good calyx scabrous, as well as the peduncles; ovaries scabrous. h.
Hope. Diósma perforata, Lam. ill. 2. p. 82.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Búcco obtusàta, Wendl.
Perforated Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
coll. 3. p. 7. t. 76. Rom. et Schult. 5. p. 444. Flowers pale-
37 A. MYRSINTES ; leaves lanceolate, flat, fringed ; umbels flesh-coloured.
terminal ; peduncles smooth. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Obtuse-leaved Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Good Hope. Diósma myrsinites, Lam. ill. 2 .p. 82.–Seba, 2. Cult. These beautiful heath-like shrubs thrive best in a
t. 96. f. 6.?
mixture of sand and peat, with the addition of a little turfy loam
Whortle-berry-like Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
and
young cuttings will strike root freely in a pot of sand, under
a bell-glass, without heat.
*** Flowers terminal, subcapitate.
XIV. MACRO'STYLIS (from pakpos, macros, long, and
38 A. SQUAMMÒSA ; leaves closely imbricated, roundish-ovate, otulos, stylos, a style ; style very long). Bartl. et Wendl. diosm.
blunt, concave, smooth, minutely fringed, with tubercles or ex Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 476. t. 20. no. 20.--Diósma
scales beneath. h.G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. species of authors.
Diósma squammòsa, Willd. in Roem. et Schult. syst. 5. p. 462. Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Disk
Flowers white.
adnate to the base of the calyx, with a free thickened margin.
Scaly-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1818. Shrub Petals 5, gradually tapering into a broad claw, which is bearded
1 to 2 feet.
on the inside. Stamens 5, alternating with the petals, exserted ;
39 A. VESTìTA ; leaves closely imbricated, ovate, acuminated, anthers globose, each furnished with a minute gland at the apex.
keeled, fringed ; pedicels quite smooth. h. G. Native of the Style oblong, exserted, tapering to the top into a minute 3-lobed
Cape of Good Hope. Búcco vestìta, Licht. in Roem. et Schult. stigma. Capsule of 3 conniving carpels, tapering at the top into
syst. 5. p. 447. Diósma vestìta, Spreng. syst. 1. p.787. Flowers a compressed horn each.—Small shrubs, with scattered, rarely
lilac.
opposite, dotted, somewhat keeled leaves. Flowers reddish,
Clothed Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
sub-umbellately aggregate at the tops of the branches. Pedun-
40 A. IMBRICA'TA (Willd. enum. p. 260.) leaves imbricate, cles short or very short, with bracteas at their base.
crowded, ovate, acuminated, dotted, fringed; pedicels pubes- 1 M. LANCEOLATA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng.) leaves
cent; calyxes smoothish; petals and stamens bearded on the crowded, lanceolate, erect, acutish, smooth; flowers capitate.
inside at the base. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma barbàta,
Diósma imbricàta, Thunb. A. cap. 2. p. 145. Búcco imbricata, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 783. Agathósma barbàta, Spreng. pug.
Wendl. coll. 1. t. 9. Hartògia imbricàta, Lin. mant. 124. Petals 20. Flowers white.
pale-purple, wich a roundish limb.
Lanceolate-leaved Macrostylis. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1810.
Imbricate-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1774. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
2 M. BARBIGERA (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng.) leaves
41 A. ACUMINA'TA (Willd. enum. p. 260.) leaves ovate, some- opposite, cordate, stem clasping, acute, smooth ; corymbs ter-
what cordate, long-acuroinated, fringed, at length spreading ; minal, almost sessile. Þ. G.
spreading; minal, almost sessile. Þ.G. Native of the Cape of Good
peduncles villous; calyxes smooth, glandular. ñ. G. Native Hope. Diósma barbígera, Thunb. prod. 43. Lin. fil. suppl. 155.
of the Cape of Good Hope. Búcco acuminata, Wendl. coll. 1. Flowers reddish, with a white beard.
t. 28. Flowers white or pale-blue.
Beard-bearing Macrostylis. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Acuminated-leaved Agathosma. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1812. 3 M. ? CORDA TA; leaves somewhat cordate, oblong, acute,
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
fringed, recurved, imbricated. h. G. Native of the Cape of
42 A. LYCOPODIOÌDES ; leaves closely imbricate, ovate, cuspi- Good Hope. Diósma cordàta, Mart. hort. erl. enum. 67. Flowers
date, downy beneath; stem dichotomous; pedicels pubescent ; white or reddish.
petals roundish. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cordate-leaved Macrostylis. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823. Sh.
Diósma lycopodioides, Willd. in Roem. et Schult. 5. p. 461. 1 to 2 feet.
Flowers white ?
4 M. obtu'sa (Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaves
Lycopodium-like Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
crowded, ovate, obtuse, much spreading, smooth ; flowers capi-
43 A. APICULA'TA (Meyer in Bartl. et Wendl. diosm. ex tate. h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma obtusa,
Spreng.) leaves crowded, much spreading, and somewhat re- Meyer ex Spreng. syst. 1. p. 783. Flowers reddish.
flexed, ovate, somewhat cordate, awned, revolute, quite smooth, Obtuse-leaved Macrostylis. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
without dots; segments of the calyx ovate, cuspidate. h. G. 5 M. SQUARRÒSA (Bart). et Wendl. diosm. ex Spreng.) leaves
Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma apiculàta, Spreng. scattered, ovate, obtuse, smoothish, squarrosely recurved.
h.
syst. 1. p. 787. Flowers white or lilac?
.
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Diósma squarròsa,
Pointed-leaved Agathosma. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
Wendl. Flowers reddish.
1. p.

790
.
RUTACEÆ. XV. . . CORRÆA. XVII. DIPLOLÆNA.
Empleurum. XVISquarrose-leaved Macrostylis. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
New South Wales. Vent. malm. t. 13. C. cotinifòlia, Sal.
par.
Cult. These pretty little shrubs require the same treatment lond. t. 100. Corolla white. Leaves white or rufous beneath,
as that recommended for Agathósma.
and rather whitish above.
Var. B, rotundifolia (D. C. prod. 1. p. 719.) leaves ovate-
XV. EMPLEU'RUM (from εv, en, in, and alɛvpov, pleuron, roundish. C. rufa, Vent. malm. 13. in a note, no. 2.
the pleura or membrane which envelopes the lungs; the seeds White-flowered Correa. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1793. Shrub
.
are attached to a sort of coriaceous membrane). Sol. in hort. 10 feet.
kew. 3. p. 340. D. C. prod. 1. p. 718. Andr. Juss. in mem. 2 C. RUFA (Gart. fruct. 3. p. 155. t. 210.) leaves ovate, or
mus. 12. p. 476. t. 20. no. 21.
somewhat oblong, downy beneath; teeth of calyx broad, very
LIN. SYST. Monoe'cia, Tetrandria. Flowers monoecious or blunt. h. G. Native of New South Wales. Mazeutóxeron
polygamous from abortion. Calyx permanent, 4-cleft. Disk rùfum, Lab. voy. 2. p. 11. t. 17. Leaves clothed with rufous
and petals wanting. Filaments 4, awl-shaped ; anthers thick, down beneath, and obscurely green above. Flowers white.
longer than the filaments, each furnished with an immersed gland Rufous-leaved Correa. Fi. April, July. Clt. 1819. Shrub 6 ft.
at the apex. Carpel 1, rarely 2, ending in a long horn, fur-
nished on the inner side with the cylindrical tooth-like style and
** Longiflòre. D. C. prod. 1. p. 719. Petals joined into a
stigma, at length becoming like a legume, 2-valved, 1-seeded
long, cylindrical, 4-toothed corolla.
from abortion. Seed shining.--A shrub, with alternate, linear- 3 C. speciÒSA (Andr. bot. rep. t. 653.) leaves ovate, blunt,
oblong, smooth leaves, which are covered with glandular dots clothed with rusty down beneath; flowers erect; calyx truncate.
beneath, and in the same way crenulated on the margins. h.G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern coast. Ker. bot.
Flowers axillary, solitary, twin or in threes; peduncles short, reg. t. 26. Sims, bot. mag. t. 1746. Lois. herb. amat. t. 309.
furnished with bracteas at their base.
C. rubra, Smith, exot. bot. 2. no. 26. C. revolūta, Vent.
1 E. SERRULA'TUM (Sol. 1. c. Smith, exot. bot. 2. t. 63.) . malm. no. 4.? Corolla scarlet, yellowish-green inside. This
G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope. E. Aitòni, Gmel. syst. is a truly shewy shrub, but now very common in gardens.
1.
P:
268. Diósma unicapsulàris, Lin. fil. suppl. 155. D. ensàta, Shewy Correa. Fl. year. Clt. 1806. Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
Thunb. prod. 43.
4 C. PULCHE'LLA (R. Br. mss. Sweet, fl. austr. t. 1.) leaves
Serrulate-leaved Empleurum. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1774. ovate, cordate, obtuse, waved, beset with stellate pubescence;
Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
adult ones smooth ; flowers solitary, pendulous; calyx truncate,
Cult. This shrub will grow freely in a mixture of sand and
entire ;
corolla tubular, with the throat ciliated. B.G. Native
peat; and cuttings will readily strike root if planted in a pot of of Kangaroo Island, on the south coast of New Holland. Lindl.
sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, without heat.
bot. reg. 1224. Corolla of a bright-salmon colour.
Neat Correa. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824.
, Clt. 1824. Shrub 6 feet.
Tribe IV.
5 C. Vi'RENS (Smith, exot. bot. 2. p. 25. t. 72.) leaves ovate-
DIO'SMEÆ-AUSTRALA'SICÆ. Andr. Juss. in mem.
oblong, somewhat cordate, a little toothletted, beset with glan-
mus. 12. p. 477. Flowers regular. Petals free. Filaments free.
.
dular tomentum ; flowers pendulous; calyx with 4 acute teeth.
Disk wanting. Stamens double the number of the petals,
h. G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern and southern
coast.
never abortive. Ovaries distinct. Seeds with a thickish
C. viridiflòra, Andr. bot. rep. t. 436. C. refléxa, Pers.
cover. Embryo slender, terete, within a dense albumen, with
ench. 1. p. 419. Mazeutóxeron reflexum, Lab. voy. 2. p. 66.
.
a straight radicle and linear cotyledons.—Trees, but usually
t. 19. Corolla greenish, an inch or an inch and a half long.
shrubs, with opposite and alternate, simple, ternate, but rarely
Green-flowered Correa. Fl. Nov. July. Clt. 1800. Shrub
3 to 8 feet.
impari-pinnate leaves, for the most part flat. Flowers axillary
Cult.
or terminal, sometimes
, but rarely, sessile, within an involucre, They will thrive well in an equal mixture of loam and peat, and
, ,
Corræa is a genus of very shewy flowering shrubs.
usually stalked. Peduncles one or many-flowered, furnished
with bracteas. Different parts of the plants are beset with
ripened cuttings will strike root freely if planted thinly in a pot
scales or stellate hairs. All natives of New Holland and Van
of sand, and a bell-glass placed over them, without heat. They
Diemen's Land.
are also increased by inarching the rarer on the commoner sorts.
XVI. CORRÆ'A in honour of Joseph Correa de Serra, a
learned Portuguese, who, without publishing much, was one of
XVII. DIPLOLÆNA (from diteloos, diploos, double, and
the most profound theoretical botanists of the age). Smith in x aiva, chlaina, a cloak; in allusion to the double involucrum).
Lin. trans. 4. p. 219. D. C. prod. 1. p. 719. Andr. Juss. in mem.
R. Br. gen. rem. 14. Desf. in mem. mus. 3. p. 449. D. C. prod.
mus. 12. p. 478. t. 21. no. 22.
1. p. 719. Andr. Juss, in mem. mus. 12. p. 479.
LIN. SYST.
Lin. syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx cup-shaped, 4-
LINSYST
Decándria, Monogynia. Involucrum double,
toothed or entire, permanent. Petals 4, somewhat connivent at
outer one 5-lobed, inner 10-15-parted, longer than the outer
the base or joined into a long tube. Stamens 8, equal or longer
one, imbricate, containing many flowers. Flowers sessile, fur-
than the petals; the 4 opposite them shortest ; filaments smooth,
nished with a 5-leaved chaffy calyx or involucel, or a 5-petalled
awl-shaped, or dilated above the base. Ovary 4-lobed, densely corolla, naked or fringed. Stamens 10, exserted; the 5 oppo-
beset with stellate hairs, and as if it were furnished with a
site the petals or sepals shortest ; filaments awl-shaped, fringed
calyptra. Style 4-furrowed, smooth, terminated by a 4-lobed
at the base ; anthers oblong. Style 5-furrowed, terminating in a
stigma. Fruit of 4 capsular carpels; cells truncate, compressed.
blunt 5-lobed stigma. Fruit of 5 distinct, 2-valved, 1-seeded
Seeds 2 or 3 in each cell, shining, fixed to the inside.-Shrubs, carpels, transversely striated. Seeds oblong, cylindrical, almost
with opposite entire leaves, clothed with starry hairs. Pedicels
like those of Corræa.—Shrubs, with alternate oval leaves, full
1-flowered, solitary, twin or tern, axillary.
of glandular pellucid dots, and are, as well as the branches,
peduncles, and leaflets of involucre, closely covered with starry
* Breviflòre. D. C. prod. 1. p. 719. Petals more or less
down. The many-flowered involucre appears like one terminal
distinct, hardly half an inch long.
pedicellate flower.
1 C. A’LBA (Andr. bot. rep. t. 18.) leaves ovate, downy be- 1 D. GRANDIFLÓRA (Desf. in mem. mus. 3. t. 19.) leaves oval
,
neath ; teeth of calyx small, acute, distant. h. G. Native of emarginate, hoary on both surfaces. h.G. Native of New Hol-
a
-

RUTACEÆ. XVII. DIPLOLÆNA. XVIII. PHEBALIUM. XIX. PHILOTHECA.
791
4. p.
a
land, on the western coast in Endracht Land, in the sand. Heads La Billardier's Phebalium. Fl. April, Aug. Clt. 1822. Shrub
of flowers 2 inches in diameter.
5 to 7 feet.
Great-flowered Diplolæna. Shrub 4 feet?
6 P. ELEAGNIFÒLIUM (Andr. Juss. in mem. soc. hist. nat. par.
2 D. DAMPIERI (Desf. 1. c. t. 20.) leaves obovate-oblong, vol. 2. t. 11. f. 2.) leaves linear, blunt, with rows of dots above,
emarginate, green, and smooth above, hoary beneath. h. G. Na- and covered with rufous silvery scales beneath ; peduncles ter-
tive along with the preceding.--Dampier, voy. 141. t. 3. f. 3. minal and axillary, umbellate ; stamens exserted. h.G. Native
Dampier's Diplolæna. Shrub 4 feet?
of New Holland. P. ánceps, Sieb. pl. exsic.
Cult. These singular shrubs, none of which have as yet been Eleagnus-leaved Phebalium. Shrub 3 to 5 feet.
introduced into our gardens, will perhaps grow freely in a mix- 7 P. SALICIFOLIUM (Andr. Juss. in mem. soc. hist. nat. vol. 2.
ture of sand and peat; and ripened cuttings will probably strike t. 12. f. 1.) leaves linear-lanceolate, crenated, covered be-
root, if planted in a pot of sand with a bell-glass placed over neath with starry powdery down; flowers axillary, umbellate ;
them, without heat.
stamens exserted. h.G. Native of New Holland.
Willow-leaved Phebalium. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 to 4 feet.
XVIII. PHEBA'LIUM (from piſalen, phibalee, a myrtle ; 8 P. PHYLICOIDES (Sieb. pl. exsic. in Spreng. syst. app. p.
habit of plants). Vent. malm. no. 102. D. C. prod. 1. p. 719. 164.) leaves linear, short, obtuse, rough, revolute beneath ;
Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 479.-Eriostèmon, spec. Labill.
-
branches straight, hispid; flowers in terminal fascicles; stamens
Lin. syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-tooth- exserted. h. G. Native of New Holland. P. diósmeum,
ed (f. 123. a.), permanent. Petals 5, spreading (f. 123. b.). Andr. Juss. in mem. soc. hist. nat. vol. 2. t. 11. f. 3.
Stamens 10 (f. 123. d. c.), the 5 opposite the petals shortest; Phylica-like Phebalium. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
filaments smooth, filiform or awl-shaped ; anthers versatile. Style 9 P. AU'REUM (Cuningh. in Field's new south wales, p.
331.
5-furrowed, smooth, terminated by an equal or broader 5-fur- with a figure,) leaves linear-oblong, narrow, obtuse, a little emar-
rowed stigma (f. 123. a. e.). Carpels 5 (f. 123. f.), capsular, ginate, revolute, covered with rusty scales beneath ; corymbs
girded by the calyx; carpels 2-valved, 1-seeded. Ovaries smooth terminal and lateral; peduncles and branchlets rusty. Þ.G.
or densely clothed with scales or hairs, calyptrate.—Trees, but Native of New South Wales, on the Blue Mountains, in bleak
usually shrubs, with alternate, simple, subovate or linear leaves, exposed situations. Shrub branching. Flowers golden.
entire, or a little crenated, full of pellucid dots. Flowers corym- Golden Phebalium. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 ft.
bose, terminal, and axillary ; pedicels bracteate. Flowers small, 10 P. LACHNOÌDes (Cuningh. in Field's new south wales, p.
yellowish. Divers parts of plants covered with scales or starry 332.) leaves scattered, linear, even, hooked, acutish, white be-
.
down. Petals in the bud valvate.
neath, with revolute edges ; flowers axillary, disposed in heads
1 P. CORREÆFÒLIUM (Andr. Juss. in mem. soc. hist. nat. par.
near the extremities of the branches. h.G. Native of New
vol. 2. t. 10.) leaves lanceolate, ovate, scabrous above, but Holland, on Blackheath in the Blue Mountains, in bare rocky
clothed with starry down beneath ; peduncles axillary, tern.
situations. A tall, handsome shrub. Flowers yellow.
h. G. Native of New Holland. P. ovàtum, Sieb. pl. exsic. Lachnæa-like Phebalium. Fl. April,
Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824.
Corræa-leaved Phebalium. Shrub 4 to 5 feet.
Shrub 6 feet.
2 P. HEXAPE'TALUM (Andr. Juss. in mem. soc. hist. nat. vol. 11 P. ELA'TUM (Cuningh. in Field's new south wales, p. 331.)
2. t. 11. f. 1.) leaves oblong, obtuse, clothed with starry hairs leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, silvery be-
on both surfaces ; peduncles terminal, crowded; flowers 6-pe- | neath ; corymbs axillary, divided, stalked ; branches covered
talled, 12-anthered. K.G. Native of New Holland.
with rusty scales. h. G. Native of New South Wales, on
Six-pelalled Phebalium. Shrub 4 feet.
shaded declivities in the vicinity of Spring Wood. A slender
3 P. SQUAMULÒSum (Vent. malm. t. 102.) leaves linear-lan- arborescent plant. Flowers yellow.
ceolate, acute, scaly beneath, as well as the flowers; flowers ter- Tall Phebalium. Clt. 1825. Shrub 10 feet.
minal, umbellate ; stamens exserted. h.G. Native of New Cult. An equal mixture of sandy loam and peat is the best
Holland, on mountains on the eastern coast. Eriostèmon lepi- soil for the plants belonging to this genus, but care must be
dòtum, Spreng. syst. 2. p. 322.
taken not to over water them; they delight in an airy situation,
Scaly Phebalium. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub 3 feet. and not to be crowded among other plants. Cuttings will strike
4. P. A'NCEPS (D. C. prod. 1. p.
FIG. 123.
root freely in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them,
720. Andr. Juss. 1. c. t. 12. f.
without heat.
2.) leaves spatulate-lanceolate,
smoothish, obtuse, young ones co-
XIX. PHILOTHECA (from los, psilos, [error piloc,]
vered with scales on both sur-
smooth, and Onkn, theke, a sheath; in allusion to the tube of
faces, adult ones nearly naked ;
the stamens being smooth). Rudge in Lin. trans. 11. p. 298.
p
flowers terminal, corymbose, scaly;
D. C. prod. 1. p. 721. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 480. t.
stamens not exserted. . G. Na-
21. no. 23.
tive of New Holland, on the east-
Lin. syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
coast. Eriostèmon anceps.
5, unguiculate. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals shortest,
Spreng. syst. 2. p. 164.
all a little shorter than the petals, flat, joined from the base to
Two-edged Phebalium. Shrub fee
the middle into a smoothish tube, but hairy in the free part;
4 to 5 feet.
anthers heart-shaped, oscillatory, each furnished with a short
5 P. BILLARDIE'RII (Andr. Juss.
appendage at the apex. Style 5-furrowed, somewhat spindle-
f
in mem. soc. hist. nat. par. vol. 2.
shaped, hispid, terminated by a capitate 5-furrowed stigma.
p. 12.) leaves lanceolate, quite en-
Fruit of 5 1-seeded carpels, joined together on the inside.-
tire, covered with rufous or silvery
Heath-like shrubs, with alternate, linear, short, simple, dotted
scales beneath ; branches angular;
leaves, which are somewhat umbricate, and convex beneath. Pe-
peduncles axillary, trifid, 3-flowered; stamens exserted. Þ.G. duncles solitary, axillary or terminal, 1-flowered, furnished with
Native of New Holland. Eriostèmon squammeum, Labill. nov.
minute scale-like bracteas.
holl. 1. p. 111. t. 141. P. eleagnoides, Sieb. pl. exsic.
1 P. AUSTRA'LIS (Rudge in Lin. trans. 11. p. 298. t. 21.)
1
.
ern
a

792
RUTACEÆ. XX. CrowEA. XXI. ERIOSTEMON.
leaves very numerous, linear, somewhat imbricate, convex be- Var. B, ellipticum ; leaves broadly elliptical, cordate at the
neath; pedicels axillary. K.G. Native of New South Wales, base, somewhat stem-clasping, usually entire, and glandular.
about Port Jackson. Eriostèmon salsolifòlia, Smith in Rees' Box-leaved Eriostemon. Fl. April
, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub
.
cycl. 13. no. 3. Flowers pale-red.
1 to 2 feet.
Southern Philotheca. Fl. April, June. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 2 E. SALICIFOLIUM (Smith, in Rees' cycl. 13. no. 1.) leaves
to 3 feet.
linear-lanceolate, entire, smooth ; branches triquetrous; flowers
2 P. GAUDICHA'UDII; leaves scattered ; peduncles terminal ? axillary, almost sessile, solitary ; calyxes and petals hoary on
h.G. Native of New Holland.
the outside ; filaments hispid. h.G. Native of New Holland,
Gaudichaud's Philotheca. Shrub 2 feet.
about Port Jackson. Rudge, in Lin. trans. 11. t. 26. Hook,
Cult. These pretty shrubs require the same treatment as that bot. mag. 2854.
Flowers pink.
Habit of Crònea. Cròwea
recommended for Phebàlium.
scàbra, Graham, in edinb. phil. journ. 1827. p. 174.
Willow-leaved Eriostemon. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1822.
.
XX. CRO'WEA (in honour of James Crowe, of Norwich, an Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
excellent British botanist, and a great collector of willows). 3 E. MYOPOROÌDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 720.) leaves linear-lan-
Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 220. D. C. prod. 1. p. 720. Andr, ceolate, quite entire, smooth, dotted with glands, and terminated
Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 481. t. 21. no. 24.
by a callose mucrone ; branches round; peduncles axillary, trifid,
Lin. syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- 3-flowered; calyxes and petals smooth; filaments a little fringed
manent. Petals 5, sessile. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the on the margin. h. G. Native of New Holland, on the eastern
petals shortest, all shorter than the petals, linear, fringed, lying coast. Flowers rose-coloured.
close together so as to form a tube ; anthers oblong, cordate, Myoporum-like Eriostemon. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
adnate, drawn out at the apex into a long, bearded appendage. 4 E. LINEARIFOLIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 720.) leaves linear,
Style 5-furrowed, smooth, terminated by a capitate, 5-furrowed obtuse, quite entire, smooth, covered with glandular dots; pe-
stigma. Fruit of 5 joined, 1-seeded carpels.—Shrubs with al- duncles axillary and terminal, 3-flowered. h. G. Native of
ternate, quite entire, lanceolate leaves, running down the stem a New Holland. Flowers rose-coloured.
little at the base, and full of pellucid dots. Branches triquetrous. Linear-leaved Eriostemon. Fl. April, Aug.
Clt. 1823.
Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, furnished with minute, im- Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
bricate bracteas at their base. Calyx and petals convolute in 5 E. OBOVA'LE (Cuningh. in Field's new south wales, p. 331.)
the bud.
leaves oboval, wedge-shaped, or broadly spatulate, retuse, con-
1 C. SALÍGNA (Andr. bot. rep. t. 79.) leaves lanceolate. h.G. cave, stalked, smooth, fleshy, terminating in a short mucrone;
Native of New South Wales. Sims, bot. mag. t. 989.
Vent.
flowers solitary, terminal, or axillary h.G.
h.G. Native of New
malm. t. 7. Corolla pale-purple or rather pink. Calyx and Holland, on the verge of the Regent's Glen, Blue Mountains.
petals smooth.
Flowers rose-coloured.
Willow-leaved Crowea. Fl. July, Dec. Clt. 1790. Shrub Oboval-leaved Eriostemon. Fl. May, July
Clt. 1824.
1 to 2 feet.
Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
2 C. LATIFOLIA (Lodd. cat. 1824.) leaves ovate-lanceolate. 6 E. CUSPIDA'TUM (Cuningh. in Field's new south wales, p. 331.)
h. G. Native of New Holland. Flowers pale-purple or pink. leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, rather glaucous, ending in a
Broad-leaved Crowea. Fl. Jul. Dec. Clt. 1824. Sh.1 to 2 ft. hooked mucrone; racemes umbellate, 4-5-flowered, axillary or
Cult. These beautiful shrubs require the same treatment as terminal. Þ.G. Native of New Holland, on rocky hills at
.
that recommended for Phebàlium.
Cox's River. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 1247. Flowers rose-coloured
or pink. A shrub of strong growth.
XXI. ERIOSTEMON (from eplov, erion, woolly, and ornuwv,
Pointed-leaved Eriostemon. Fl. Jul. Oct. Clt. 1823. Shrub
stemon, a stamen ; stamens woolly). Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. 2 to 4 feet.
p. 221. D. C. prod. 1. p. 720. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. 7 E. NERIIFÒLIUM (Sieb. ex Spreng. syst. app. p. 164.) leaves
p. 481. t. 21. no. 25.
lanceolate, marginate, mucronate, dotted ; peduncles axillary,
LIN. SYST. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per- 3-flowered ; filaments bearded. K.G. Native of New Hol-
manent. Petals 5, marcescent as well as the stamens. Stamens land. Flowers rose-coloured or pink.
10, the 5 opposite the petals shortest, all shorter than the petals, Oleander-leaved Eriostemon. Shrub 3 feet.
free, flat, hispid, fringed, tapering to the apex into a thread, , 8 E. HISPÍDULUM (Sieb. ex Spreng. 1. c.) leaves somewhat
which bears the anthers; anthers heart-shaped, appendiculate at spatulate, mucronate, callosely crenate, hispid above, and clothed
the apex. Style 5-furrowed, very short, hispid or smooth, ter- with starry villi beneath ; peduncles 1-flowered. h.G. Na-
minated by a capitate, 5-furrowed stigma. Fruit of 5 carpels, tive of New Holland. Flowers rose-coloured or pink.
which are joined together at the base, each containing 1, rarely Hispid-leaved Eriostemon. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
2 seeds.-Shrubs with alternate, entire, simple leaves, sometimes 9 E. CORYMBOSUM (Labill. nov. cal. p. 59. t. 58.) leaves large,
ending in a callose point, full of pellucid dots. Peduncles axil-
Peduncles axil- oblong, silky as well as covered with brown scales beneath ;
lary, 1-flowered, covered with imbricate bracteas, or furnished corymbs terminal ; filaments hairy; anthers naked at the apex.
with opposite or whorled ones on the middle. Sometimes the h.G. Native of New Caledonia. Flowers dark-coloured.
peduncles are divided into 2-5 pedicels, furnished with bracteas Corymbose-flowered Eriostemon. Tree 18 to 24 feet.
at their base. Calyx and petals convolute in the bud.
10 E. LANCEOLA'TUM (Gært. fruct. 3. p. 154. t. 210.) leaves
1 E. BUXIFÒLIUM (Smith, in Rees' cyclo. 13. no. 2.) leaves lanceolate, rather wrinkled. P. G. Native of New Holland.
elliptical, smooth; middle nerve very prominent, and is drawn E. australásicum, Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 221. Flowers rose-
out at the apex into a strong, recurved mucrone ; branches coloured.
round, pilose; flowers axillary, almost sessile, smooth ; filaments Lanceolate-leaved Eriostemon. Clt. 1823. Shrub 1 to 3 ft.
hispid. . G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson, Cult. Eriostèmon is a genus of beautiful shrubs with pink
Flowers pink or rose-coloured.
flowers, which deserve to be cultivated in every collection of
Var. a, obovatum ; leaves obovate, tapering to the base, glan- greenhouse shrubs. They require the same treatment as that
dularly crenated.
recommended for Phebàlium, see p. 791.
-
.

RUTACEÆ. XXII, BORONIA.
793
no. 26.
-
XXII. BORO'NIA (named after Francis Borone, an Italian cronate, serrulated; peduncles tern. ħ. G. Native of New
servant of Dr. Sibthorp, who perished from an accident at Holland. Flowers rose-coloured.
Athens, he collected specimens of many of those plants which Bundle-flowered Boronia. Shrub 1 to 6 feet.
are figured in the Flora Græca). Smith, tracts, p. 285. D. C. 8 B. MICROPHY'LLA (Sieb. pl. exsic, ex Spreng. syst. app. p.
prod. 1. p. 721. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 483. t. 22. 148.) leaflets 6 pairs, minute, obovate, mucronate; peduncles
tern, h. G. Native of New Holland. Flowers pink.
LIN. SYST.
Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted or 4- Small-leaved Boronia. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
cleft, permanent. Petals 4, marcescent.
Stamens 8, the 4 op-
posite the petals shortest, all shorter than the petals, free, fringed,
** Leaves trifoliate or trifid.
or tubercled, linear, usually dilated at the top, whence a very 9 B. TRIPHY'LLA (Sieb. pl. exsic. ex Spreng. syst. app. p.
short thread rises, bearing the anther ; anthers heart-shaped, 148.) leaves ternate ; leaflets linear, revolute, downy beneath
, ;
usually with a short appendage at the apex. Styles 4, erect,
peduncles axillary, 1-flowered. h. G. Native of New Hol-
smooth, approximate or joined together, terminated by an equal land.
land. Flowers rose-coloured.
or capitate 4-furrowed stigma. Fruit of 4 2-valved carpels.
-
Three-leaved Boronia. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Seeds ovate, compressed, usually one in each carpel.—Shrubs 10 B. ANEMONIFÒLIA (Cuningh. in Field's new south wales, p.
with opposite, simple, or impari-pinnate leaves, entire, or a little 330.) leaves stalked, trifid ; segments narrow, wedge-shaped,
serrulated, full of pellucid dots. Peduncles terminal but usually furnished with 2 or 3 teeth at the apex or quite entire ; petioles
axillary on the extreme branches, 1 to many-flowered. Pedicels
channelled ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered ; filaments
furnished at the base and middle with 2 opposite, short bracteas, blunt at the apex; anthers spurred. ñ. G. Native of New
jointed, commonly dilated under the calyx. Flowers rose, pur-
.
Holland, on the verge of the Regent's Glen, Blue Mountains.
plish, or reddish, with a pleasant sweet scent,
Flowers pink.
Anemone-leaved Boronia. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
* Leaves impari-pinnate, terminal leaflet sessile,
*** Leaves variable.
1 B. PINNA'TA (Smith, l. c. t. 4.) leaflets 2-3-4 pairs,
11 B. PARADOXA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 722.) leaves simple, tri-
1
linear, acute, quite smooth ; peduncles dichotomous ; flowers foliate and pinnate, lanceolate, with revolute edges, hairy be-
octandrous.
h. G.
Native of New Holland, about Port
neath. h. G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson.
Jackson. Andr. bot. rep. t. 58.
Vent. malm. t. 38. Sims,
Eriostèmon paradoxum, Smith, in Rees' cyclop. 13. no. 6.
bot, mağ. t. 1763. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 473. Flowers pink, with
Flowers rose-coloured, copious, on axillary, solitary, 1-flowered
a scent like that of hawthorn.
peduncles, which are shorter than the leaves, angular, covered
Pinnate-leaved Boronia. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1794. Shrub with rusty, starry scales or pubescence. Petioles winged ; leaflets
1 to 3 feet.
sessile. It is doubtful whether the simple, ternate, and pinnate
2 B. PSORALEOÌDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 721.) leaflets 1 or 2
leaves are to be found on the same plant; we presume they
pairs, and are as well as the branches quite smooth, but beset belong to distinct species, and are probably identical with some
with glandular dots, linear, obtuse ; peduncles short, 1-flowered;
of those described above.
flowers tetrandrous. h. G. Native of New Holland, on the
Paradoxical Boronia. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
south coast. Flowers small, pale-red.
* * * * Leaves simple.
Psoralea-like Boronia. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
3 B. TETRA'NDRA (Labill, nov. holl. 1. p. 98. t. 125.) leaflets 12 B. SERRULA'TA (Smith, in Lin. trans. 8. p. 284. tracts, t.
4 or 5 pairs, linear, obtuse, smooth ; branches pilose ; pedicels 5.) leaves trapeziform, acute, serrulated in front, smooth, full of
short, 1-flowered; flowers tetrandrous. h. G. Native of New glandular dots ; peduncles aggregate, terminal. h. G. Native
Holland, in Van Leuwin's Land. Flowers pale-purple.
of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Flowers of a deep-rose
Tetrandrous-flowered Boronia. Clt. 1824. Shrub 1 to 4 ft. colour, very fragrant. Filaments hispid at the base. Anthers
,
4 B. CANDO'LLII; leaflets 5 or 6 pairs, smooth; petioles a hispid. Stigma sessile, capitate, 4-furrowed. Lindl. bot. reg.
little winged ; leaflets oblong-oval, blunt, toothed at the apex. 842. Lodd. bot. cab. t. 998. Sweet, fl. austr. t.19.
Þ.G. Native of New Holland. Zanthoxylum oppositifòlium, Serrulate-leaved Boronia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1816. Shrub
D. C. prod. 1. p. 728. Flowers red.
1 to 6 feet.
De Candolle's Boronia. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
13 B. CRENULA'TA (Smith, in Lin, trans. 8. p. 284.) leaves
5 B. PILÒSA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 97. t. 124.) leaflets 2 obovate, mucronulate, crenulated; pedicels axillary and ter-
to 5 pairs, linear, approximate, and are as well as the branches minal, 1-flowered; filaments obtuse and glandular at the apex.
rather pilose ; peduncles 1-flowered; flowers octandrous. h.G.
h. G.
Native of New Holland, at King George's Sound.
Native of New Holland at Cape Van Diemen. Flowers rose- Flowers small, red, with a fringed calyx. Anthers nearly ter-
coloured, full of pellucid dots.
minal.
Pilose Boronia. Shrub 1 foot.
Crenulate-leaved Boronia. Shrub 1 to 4 feet.
6 B. ALA'TA (Smith, in Lin. trans. 8. p. 283.) rachis winged; 14 B. DENTICULATA (Smith, in Lin. trans. 8. p. 284.) leaves
leaflets 3-5 pairs or more, crenate, revolute, pilose on the linear, retuse, toothletted, terminated by a small point ; pedun-
nerves beneath, as well as the rachis; peduncles dichotomous, cles corymbose ; filaments blunt and glandular at the apex.
usually 3-flowered; bracteas fringed; flowers octandrous. ħ.
Native of New Holland at King George's Sound.
G. Native of New Holland, on the western coast. Sweet, Lindl. bot. reg. t. 100. Flowers rose-coloured. Bracteas de-
fl. austr. 48. Flowers small, of a dirty pale-rose colour, tipped ciduous. Anthers on lateral, horizontal stalks.
with
green.
Toothletted-leaved Boronia. Fl. March, Aug. Clt. 1823.
Winged-petioled Boronia. Fl. May, July. Clt. 1823. Shrub Shrub 2 to 6 feet.
2 to 6 feet.
15 B. PARVIFLORA (Smith, in Lin, trans. 8. p. 285. tracts, t.
7 B. FLORIBU'NDA (Sieb. pl. exsic. ex Spreng. syst. app. p.
6.) leaves obovate-lanceolate, obsoletely-crenulated; peduncles
148.) rachis margined ; leaflets 3 pairs, linear-lanceolate, mu- 1-flowered, bracteolate ; filaments oblong and glandular at the
5 I
h. G.
VOL. I.

794
RUTACEÆ. XXII. BORONIA. XXIII. Zieria.
all its parts.
.
merous, white.
.
apex. n. G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Smithii, Andr. bot. rep. t. 606. Curt. bot. mag. 1395. Bonpl.
Flowers rose-coloured. Habit of B. denticulàta, but smaller in nav. t. 24. Peduncles panicled, many-flowered. Flowers small,
white, with yellow anthers.
Small-flowered Boronia. Shrub 3 feet.
Lanceolate-leaved Zieria. FI. April, Jul. Clt. 1808. Shrub
.
16 B. TETRATHECONDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 722.) leaves linear, 2 to 3 feet.
quite entire, smooth, rather acute at both ends, and somewhat 2 Z. MACROPHY'LLA (Bonpl. nav. p. 64.?) branches powdery;
revolute on the edges; peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, short, leaflets oblong, flat, smooth, acute at both extremities, full of
each bearing 2 bracteas ; filaments hispid. ħ. G. Native of pellucid dots; racemes trichotomous, shorter than the leaves.
New Holland, on the eastern coast. Tetrathèca oppositif òlia, h. G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. This
Pers. ench. 1. p. 419. Flowers rose-coloured.
plant is commonly found in herbarii under the false name of
Tetratheca-like Boronia. Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
Fagàra evodia, Lin. or Evodia hortensis, Forst. Flowers nu-
17 B. PILONE'MA (Labill. nov. holl. 1. p. 98. t. 126.) leaves
oblong-lanceolate, quite entire, acutish at both extremities; Long-leaved Zieria. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1820. Sh. 4 ft.
peduncles terminal, solitary, somewhat turbinate ; filaments 3 Z. OBCORDA'TA (Cuningh. in Field's new south wales, p.
smooth, shortened at the apex. n. G. Native of New Hol- 330.) shrubby, pilose ; leaflets obovate, obcordate, retusely
land at Cape Van Diemen. Flowers rose-coloured.
emarginate; flowers axillary, solitary. Þ.G. Native of New
Cap-stamened Boronia. Fl. Mar. July. Clt. 1826. Shrub Holland, on hills on the Macquarie River. Flowers white.
1 to 1 foot.
Obcordate-leafletted Zieria. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824.
18 B. POLYGALÆFÒLIA (Smith, in Lin, trans. 8. p. 285. tracts, Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
t. 7.) leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire ; peduncles axillary, 4 Z. REVOLU'TA (Cuningh. 1. c.) leaflets linear, revolute,
solitary, 1-flowered; filaments shortened at the apex. Þ.G. acute; racemes axillary, and terminal. h.G. Native of New
Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. B. hyssopifolia, Holland, on the verge of the Regent's Glen, Blue Mountains.
Sieb. Flowers red. Leaves opposite, alternate, and 3 in a Flowers white.
whorl.
Revolute-leaved Zieria. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1824. Shrub
Milkwort-leaved Boronia. Fl. March, July. Clt. 1824. 2 to 3 feet.
Shrub 1 to 3 feet.
5 Z. LÆVIGATA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 2.) branches smooth;
19 B. LEDIFÒLIA (Gay, diss. lasiop. p. 20. D. C. prod. 1. leaflets linear, revolute, acute, smooth, longer than the petioles ;
p. 722.) leaves linear-lanceolate, quite entire, downy beneath ;
; peduncles bifid or trifid, usually shorter than the leaves. . G.
peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, each bearing 2 bracteas in the Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Z. lævigàta,
middle ; filaments hispid. h. G. Native of New Holland, on Bonpl. nav. p. 64. has the peduncles as long as the leaves,
the eastern coast. Lasiopétalum ledifòlium, Vent. malm. no. therefore it is probably a distinct plant. Flowers white, downy,
59. in a note. Flower-bud quadrate. Flowers red.
like a piece of woollen cloth.
Ledum-leaved Boronia. Fl. Mar. April. Clt. 1814. Shrub Smooth Zieria. Fl. April, July. Clt. 1822. Shrub 2 to 3 ft.
1 to 2 feet.
6 Z. cYTISODES (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 4.) branches downy ;
Cult. This is an elegant genus of small greenhouse shrubs, leaflets obovate, downy on both surfaces; peduncles trifid,
which deserve to be cultivated by every lover of plants. They bearing leaves. N.G. Native of New South Wales. Flowers
thrive best in sandy peat, and the pots should be well drained white. Leaflets entire, slightly revolute. Petals downy.
with potsherds. Cuttings, taken off at a joint, and planted in Cytisus-like Zieria. Tree 24 feet.
a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over them, and then set 7 Z. ARBORE'SCENS (Sims, bot. mag. 1398. in a note) stem
in a frame, will strike root with care, the glass should be taken arboreous; leaflets downy beneath, without dots; peduncles
off occasionally, to allow the cuttings to dry, otherwise they are longer than the petioles. Þ.G. Native of New Holland.
liable to damp.
Flowers white.
Arborescent Zieria. Tree 20 feet.
XXIII. ZIE'RIA (in honour of Mr. John Zier, a learned 8 Z. MICROPHY’LLA (Bonpl. nav. p. 64.) branches silky;
and industrious Polish botanist, who assisted Mr. Dickson in leaflets linear, revolute, smooth above but silky beneath; pedun-
his Cryptogamia). Smith, in Lin. trans. 4. p. 216. D. C. cles usually 3-flowered. h. G. Native of New Holland.
prod. 1. p. 722. Andr. Juss. in mem, mus. 12. p. 483. t. 22. Flowers white.
no. 27.
Small-leaved Zieria. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. 1822. Sh. 2 to 3 ft.
LIN. syst. Tetrandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 9 Z. PAUCIFLORA (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 3.) branches and
4, inserted in a hypogynous disk. Stamens 4, alternating with petioles hairy ; leaflets linear-obovate, sometimes with revolute
the petals, exserted ; filaments awl-shaped, smooth, each fur- edges ; peduncles 1 or 3-flowered ; lobes of calyx lanceolate,
nished with a simple gland on the inside at the base; anthers acute. h. G. Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson.
heart-shaped, oscillatory. Disk surrounding the ovaries and Flowers small, white. Petals dotted with starry hairs.
connected with the calyx. Style 4-furrowed, short, smooth, Few-flowered Zieria. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. 1822. Sh. 1 to 2 ft
.
terminated by a 4-lobed capitate stigma. Carpels 4, connected 10 Z. PILÒSA (Rudge, in Lin. trans. 10. p. 293. t. 17. f. 2.)
into a 4-lobed, 4-celled capsule; lobes divaricate, with a solitary, leaflets lanceolate, hairy beneath ; peduncles 1-flowered. H.G.
compressed-ovate seed in each cell or carpel.—Trees or shrubs, Native of New Holland, about Port Jackson. Flowers white.
with opposite, stalked, usually trifoliate leaves, but sometimes Pilose-leaved Zieria. Fl. April, Jul. Clt. 1822. Sh. 1 to 3 ft.
with simple ones on the same plant, smooth or pilose, full of pel- 11 Z. HIRSU'TA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 723.) branches, petioles,
lucid dots. Peduncles axillary, rarely terminal, 1, but usually and capsules hairy ; leaflets oblong-linear, 3-times longer than
2, 3, or many-flowered, bearing 2 opposite bracteas at the di- the petioles, hairy beneath, and slightly revolute on the edges ;
visions and jointed. Flowers small, white. Hairs stellate. peduncles 1-flowered. Þ.G. Native of New Holland on the
1 Z. LANCEOLA'TA (Rr. Br. in Rees' cyclo. no. 1.) branches Blue Mountains. Flowers white.
pubescent ; leaflets lanceolate, flat, acute, full of pellucid dots; Hairy Zieria. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
peduncles trichotomous, length of leaves. ħ. G. Native of 12 Z. OCTA'NDRA (Sweet, fl. aust. icon, ined.) stem arbores-
New Holland, about Port Jackson. Lodd. bot. cab. 878. Z. cent, leaflets obovate, thickish, smooth ; peduncles axillary, co-
a
.
a
-
1

a
-
-
S.
-
RUTACEÆ. XXIV. Melicope. XXV. Evodia. XXVI. EsenbeckIA. XXVII. METRODOREA, &c. 795
rymbose. . G. Native of New Holland. Flowers green,
sand;
and young cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of
octandrous, by which it differs from the rest.
sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat.
Octandrous Zieria. Fl. April, June. Clt. ? Tree 12 feet.
Cult. Many of the species of Zièria are very pretty.
.
An XXVI. ESENBE'CKIA (in honour of Nees Von Esen-
equal mixture of loam and peat suits them best; and young beck, Professor of Botany at Bonn). H. B. et Kunth, nov.gen.
cuttings, planted in a pot of sand, with a bell-glass placed over amer. 7. p. 246. t. 655. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 486.
them, will strike root freely.
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted, per-
. SYST
manent. Petals 5, spreading, inserted under the disk. Stamens
Tribe V.
5, inserted with the petals, shorter, and alternating with them;
filaments awl-shaped, smooth; anthers heart-shaped. Ovary
DIO'SMEÆ-AMERICA'NÆ. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. sessile, tubercled, 5-lobed, 5-celled, surrounded by a fleshy,
12. p. 484. Flowers regular. Petals free. Stamens equal or cup-shaped disk at the insertion of the stamens; each cell con-
double the number of the petals. Disk surrounding the ovaries taining 2 ovulæ, only one of which comes to perfection. Styles
or wanting. Embryo with the radicle pointing towards the hylum, 5, connected together
, rising from between the lobes of the
short, straight, with large, ovate cotyledons. Albumen fleshy, ovary, terminated by a somewhat capitate stigma.-Trees with
rarely wanting.–Trees and shrubs, with opposite or alternate, alternate, simple, or ternate, quite entire leaves, full of pellucid
-,
simple, bifoliate, or ternate leaves. Flowers axillary or terminal, dots. Racemes axillary and terminal, compound;
peduncles
panicled, racemose, or corymbose.
and pedicels furnished with bracteas. Flowers full of glandular
XXIV. MELI'COPE (from pedı, meli, honey, and noty, kope, dots. Petals imbricate in the bud.
a division; in allusion to the 4 didymous honey-glands at the 1 E. PILOCARPONDES (H. B. et Kunth, l. c.) leaves simple,
base of the ovaries). Forst. gen. no. 28. D. C. prod. 1.-p. oblong-lanceolate, acute ; petioles margined; racemes com-
723. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 485. Entóganum, pound, pubescent; petals roundish, full of glandular dots ;
Banks, Gært.
ovary tubercled. h. s. Native of New Andalusia. Pilo-
LIN. SYST. Octándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, per- carpus Humboldtii, Spreng. syst. app. 126.
manent. Petals 4, spreading, unguiculate. Stamens 8, shorter Pilocarpus-like Esenbeckia. Tree 60 feet.
than the petals; filaments awl-shaped ; anthers rather heart- 2 E. FEBRIFUGA (St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. t. 4. fl. bras. 1. p.
shaped. Ovaries 4, ovate, girded at the base by 4 large, didy- 79. under Evòdia,) stem arboreous ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets
mous glands. Styles 4, connected together, terminated by a lanceolate-elliptic, rather acuminated ; panicle terminal, pubes-
thickish, tetragonal stigma. Fruit of 4 1-seeded carpels.—A cent; flowers 5-petalled ; ovary simple, warted. h.s. Na-
shrub with opposite, ternate leaves, full of pellucid dots.
tive of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called
1 M. TERNA'TA (Forst. gen. no. 28. Lam. ill. t. 245.). h.G. Tres Folhas vermelhas and Larangeira do Mato. The bark is
Native of New Zealand. Entóganum lævigàtum, Gært. fruct. febrifugal, and answers as well as Peruvian bark.
1. p. 331. t. 68.
. 331. t. 68. Flowers white.
Febrifugal Esenbeckia. Fl. Feb. Tree 40 feet.
Ternate-leaved Melicope. Clt. 1822. Shrub 6 feet.
Cult. The species will grow well in a mixture of sandy loam
Cult. This shrub will grow freely in a mixture of loam and and peat; and cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of
peat;
and
young cuttings will root, if planted in a pot of sand, sand, placed under a hand-glass, in heat.
with a hand-glass placed over them.
XXVII. METRODOREA (in memory of Metrodoro Sabino,
who was the first, according to Pliny, to illustrate plants by
XXV. EVO'DIA (from evoòla, evodia, a sweet smell). Forst. figures). St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 81. t. 16. Andr. Juss. in mem.
gen. t. 7. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer, 6. p. 1 and 6 in a mus. 12. p. 487.
note. Andr. Juss. mem. mus. 12. p. 485. t. 22. no. 28.
LIN. SYST.
Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals
Tetrándria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted, per- 5, much longer than the calyx, spreading, inserted beneath the
manent. Petals 4, shorter than the sepals; filaments awl-shaped; disk. Stamens 5, inserted in the disk, very short; filaments
anthers heart-shaped, oscillatory. Ovaries 4, smooth, surrounded awl-shaped, reflexed ; anthers heart-shaped. Ovary buried in
at the base by a cup-shaped, 4-lobed disk. Styles 4, connected the disk, and confused in its substance, tubercled, 5-lobed, 5-
together, short, terminated by a 4-lobed stigma. Fruit of 4 cap- celled, each cell containing 2 ovulæ. Style rising from between
sular, 2-valved, 1-seeded carpels, but usually fewer than 4 from the lobes of the ovary, very short, dilated at the apex into a
abortion.—A shrub with a grateful smell.
Leaves opposite,
blunt stigma.—A shrub, with simple, rarely bifoliate, opposite,
sometimes simple, sometimes trifoliate on the same branch, full entire leaves, full of pellucid dots, with appendages at the base
of pellucid dots. Flowers minute, white? disposed in oblong, of the petioles. Panicles terminal or lateral ; partial peduncles
axillary panicles; pedicels furnished with bracteas. Petals val- and pedicels furnished with bracteas. Flowers small, full of
vate in the bud.
glandular dots, dark-purple. Edges of petals bent inwards.
1 E. HortE'NSIS (Forst. gen. p. 14. t. 7.) leaves simple or 1 M. nigra (St. Hil. 1. c.) . s. Native of Brazil, in the
trifoliate; leaflets lanceolate, pubescent as well as the branches; province of Rio Janeiro. Leaves repand, tapering to both ends.
panicles longer than the petioles and leaves. ħ.G. Native of the Black-flowered Metrodorea. Shrub 6 feet.
Friendly Islands and the New Hebrides. Fagara Evòdia, Lin.
Cult. See last genus for cultivation and propagation.
fil. suppl. 125.
Garden Evodia. Shrub 6 feet.
XXVIII. PILOCA'RPUS (from milos, pilos, a cap, and
2 E. DRUPA'CEA (Lab. nov. cal. p. 73. t. 75.) leaflets 3, ses- KUPTOS, karpos, a fruit; shape of fruit). Vahl, eclog. 1. p. 29.
p
sile, obovate-oblong, smooth ; drupe 4-seeded; corymbs axil- St. Hill. bull. philom. 1823. p. 130. Nees et Mart. nov. act.
lary, dichotomous. h.G. Native of New Caledonia. Calyx
Calyx bonn. xi. p. 176. t. 19. f. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 728. Andr. Juss.
4-toothed. Petals 4.
in mem. mus. 12. p. 488. t. 22. no. 29.
Drupaceous Evodia. Shrub 6 feet.
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx small, 5-toothed.
Cult
. These shrubs are worth cultivating for their grateful Petals 5, broadest at the base, reflexed, inserted round the base
scent. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam, peat, and of the disk. Stamens 5, inserted a little higher up than the
a
LIN. SYST.
5 I 2

796
RUTACEÆ, XXVIII. PILOCARPUS. XXIX. HORTIA. XXX. CHOISYA.
XXXI. SPIRANTHERA.
-
-
-
petals, and longer; filaments awl-shaped, reflexed. Anthers Lin. syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 deciduous
roundish. Ovaries 5, minute, connected, smooth. Styles 5, sepals. Petals 5, somewhat unguiculate. Stamens 10, shorter
rising from beneath the top of the ovaries, connected at the top than the petals ; filaments awl-shaped, the 5 shortest opposite
into a 5-lobed broader stigma. Fruit of 5 small 1-seeded car- the petals ; anthers heart-shaped, blunt. Ovaries 5, connected,
pels, immersed in the base of the gynophore, and has the ap- pubescent, inserted in the gynophore, each containing 2 ovulæ.
pearance of a single ovary ; but there are sometimes fewer than Styles 5, connected, hispid, shorter than the stamens, terminated
5 from abortion. Albumen wanting. Cotyledons thick, with a by a 5-lobed capitate stigma.—A shrub, with opposite, ternate,
short radicle. --Shrubs of humble growth, with alternate or oppo- stalked leaves, full of pellucid dots; petioles channelled beneath.
site, simple, bi or trifoliate leaves. Racemes terminal, or at last Peduncles axillary at the tops of the branches, simple, trifid, or
lateral ; pedicels spreading, furnished with bracteas. Flowers somewhat umbellately few-flowered, bearing large deciduous
greenish or purplish, full of glandular dots. Petals valvate in bracteas at the base, and at the divisions under the pedicels.
the bud.
Corolla white, and is, as well as the calyx, full of glandular
1 P. RACEMÒSA (Vahl. eclog. 1. p. 29. t. 10.) smooth ; leaves dots.
crowded, elliptical, rounded at the apex; flowers disposed in a
;
1 C. TERNA'TA (H. B. et Kunth, 1. c. t. 513.) ñ.S. Native
terminal raceme, h.S. Native of the island of Montserrat, of Mexico. In Kunth's specimen, the ovaries are truly con-
on the mountains.—Plum. ed. Burm. p. 119. t. 127. Branches nected, but in that of Andr. Juss. they are partly distinct.
pendulous. Flowers greenish.
Ternate-leaved Choisya. Clt. 1825. Shrub 6 feet.
Racemose-flowered Pilocarpus. Shrub 6 feet.
Cult. This beautiful shrub will grow freely in a mixture of
2 P. SPICATA (St. Hil. in bull. philom. 1823. p. 131. pl. rem, loam, sand, and peat; and rather ripened cuttings will strike
bras. p. 146. t. 16.) smooth ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, or ellip-
.
root if planted thinly in a pot of sand under a hand-glass, in
tical-lanceolate, bluntly acuminated ; flowers spiked, somewhat heat.
approximate, on very short pedicels. h.s. Native of Brazil,
at Cabo Frio in woods. P. parvifidrus, Nees et Mart. in nov. act.
Tribe VI.
bonn. xi. p. 177. t. 30. Flowers small, pale.
Spiked-flowered Pilocarpus. Shrub 4 feet.
CUSPARIEÆ (plants agreeing with Cuspària in important
3 P. PAUCIFLÓRA (St. Hil. bull. philom. 1823. p. 131. pl. characters). D. C. in mem. mus. 9. p. 141.-Fraxinéllæ, Nees
rem. bras. p. 147. A. bras. 1. p. 83. t. 17.) leaves lanceolate, et Mart. in nov. act. bonn. vol. xi. Andr. Juss. mem. mus. 12.
obtuse, acuminated; petioles thickened, jointed; racemes few- p. 490. Flowers regular or usually anomalous. Petals 5, free,
flowered; rachis, pedicels, and bracteas puberulous. n. S. but usually connected into a labiate, campanulate, or funnel-
Native of Brazil, in the province of St. Catharine. St. Hil. pl. shaped corolla. In the polypetalous flowers the stamens are
rem. bras. 1. p. 147. Flowers purplish.
alternate with the petals, and free; in the monopetalous flowers
Few-flowered Pilocarpus. Shrub 4 feet.
the filaments are free, but usually adhering to the tube of the
Cult. See Esenbeckia for cultivation and propagation.
corolla, sometimes all bearing anthers, sometimes 2-5 of which
are barren. Disk urceolar, girding the ovaries at the base.
XXIX. HO'RTIA (in honour of the Count de Horta, a Por- Ovaries equal in number to the petals, distinct, rarely connected
tuguese nobleman). Vand, in Roem. script. bras. 188. D. C. in one, each containing 2 ovulæ. Styles connected at the top or
prod. 1. p. 732. St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. p. 17. Andr. Juss. in middle, or in one. Seeds with a thin covering. Embryo desti-
mem. mus. 12. p. 489. t. 22. no. 30. St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 80.
:
tute of albumen, with large, short, or usually corrugated cotyle-
LIN. SYST. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx cup-shaped, dons, the outer one wrapped round the inner one, bearing 2
bluntly 5-toothed, permanent, Petals 5, bearded above the auricles on each side, and covering the radicle.—Trees and
base on the inside, uncinately acuminated at the apex, and re- shrubs, rarely herbs. Leaves alternate, rarely nearly opposite,
flexed, inserted in the disk. Stamens 5, inserted above the simple, but usually trifoliate ; leaflets lanceolate and obtuse, quite
petals, and scarcely longer ; filaments erect, covered with glan- entire. Flowers disposed in terminal or axillary racemes. Di-
dular tubercles; anthers linear-ovate, adnate. Ovary smooth, verse parts frequently bitter.
pentagonal, 5-celled, seated on the disk, which is broader, de- XXXI. SPIRANTHERA (from otelpa, speira, a spire, and
pressed, and glandular. Style conical, thickest at the apex, ter- av Inpa, anthera, an anther; anthers spirally twisted). St. Hil.
minated by a coloured 5-furrowed stigma. Capsule 5-4-2-cell- bull. philom. 1823. p. 130. pl. rem. bras. 1. p. 148. t. 17. D. C.
ed; cells 1-2-seeded. Embryo slender, straight, in a fleshy prod. 1. p. 728. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 491. t. 23. no.
albumen, with large, obovate cotyledons, and a short superior 32.—Terpnánthus, Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 152. and
radicle. - A small shrub, having the appearance of Dáphne Lau- 177. t. 19. f. K.
rèola, with large, alternate, simple leaves, full of pellucid dots, Lin. Syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-cleft.
as well as the petals. Branches terminal, corymbosely many- Petals 5, very long, free, linear, somewhat falcate, rather un-
flowered; peduncles thick, and are, as well as the pedicels, fur- equal. Stamens 5, a little shorter than the petals, free; fila-
nished with bracteas. Flowers cymose, terminal, rose-coloured. ments filiform, tubercled ; anthers linear, at length becoming
Petals convolute in the bud.
spirally revolute. Ovaries 5, villous, connected at the base, and
1 H. BRASILIA'NA (Vand. 1. c.) n. S. Native of Brazil, stipitate, girded by the bell-shaped disk. Styles 5, rising from
where it is commonly called Quina. The bark is bitter and the inner angles of the ovaries, joined in one, longer than the
astringent, and is used for the same purposes as Peruvian bark, petals, hispid at the base, terminated by a 5-lobed capitate
Brazilian Hortia. Shrub 2 to 4 feet.
stigma. Fruit of 5, or fewer carpels, connected at the base.-
Cult. See Esenbéckia for cultivation and propagation. A small shrub, with alternate, stalked, ternate, exstipulate
leaves. Peduncles axillary at the tops of the branches, naked
XXX. CHOI'SYA (in honour of M. Choisy, a Genevese below, but trifid and 3-flowered at the top, or terminal corym-
botanist, author of several papers in De Candolle's Prodromus). bose ; pedicels furnished with 1 or 3 bracteas. Flowers shewy,
H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 4. t. 513. D. C. prod. 1. white, with a tinge of rose-colour, very sweet-scented.
p. 724. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 490.–Plénckia, Moc. 1 S. ODORATISSIMA (St. Hil. 1. c.) ñ.S. Native of Brazil.
et Sesse, fl. mex. icon. ined, but not of Rafin.
Terpnánthus Jasminodòrus, Nees et Mart, in act. bonn. xi. p.
a
-
-
+
-

RUTACEE. XXXII. GALIPEA.
797
-
-
-
a
.
-
teas.
178. t. 31. The flowers have the scent of those of Jasminum vantage of not oppressing the stomach, as Peruvian bark is apt
officinale.
to do, but it does not cure intermittents. It is exhibited in
Very-sweet-scented Spiranthera. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3 or 4 ft. powder, in doses of from 5 to 20 grains, either alone or with
Cult. See Choisya for cultivation and propagation.
rhubarb, magnesia, or carbonate of lime. In infusion, a drachm
to 4 ounces of water daily. In tincture, 1 or 2 drachms in dys-
XXXII. GALI'PEA (the name of G. trifoliàta in Guiana). pepsia. In watery extract, we are informed by Humboldt,
Aubl. guian. 2. p. 662, St. Hil. bull. philom. 1823. p. 131.
that the Capuchins, who possess the missions of Carony, pre-
D. C. prod. 1. p. 730. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 493. t,
pare with great care an extract of the bark, which they distri-
23. no. 34.—Gallpea and Cuspària, D. C. mem. mus. 9. p. 142
bute to the convents of Catalonia. The natural history of this
and 148.—Cuspària, Humb.--Bonplandia, Willd. but not of
bark was long but imperfectly known. It is now fully esta-
blished by the travels of Humboldt. The appearance of the
Cav.-Angostura and Rapùtia, Rom. et Schult.-Conchocar-
pus, Mik.–Obentònia, Vel.—Aruba spec, Nees et Mart.-
bark varies according as it has been taken from larger or smaller
branches. The tincture of which is of a deep yellow-colour, and
Lasiostèmon, Nees et Mart.-Ràvia, Nees et Mart.
becomes turbid and white on admixture with water. Dr. Ram-
LIN. SYST. Tri-Pentándria, Pentagynia. Calyx short, cup-
shaped, 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Petals 5, rather unequal, con-
bach, of Hamburgh, first observed poisonous effects from some
nected at the base into a half monopetalous, somewhat campanu-
Angostura bark. The Austrian government on this account
late corolla, with a short, usually pentagonal tube, and a spread-
ordered all the Angostura bark in the kingdom to be destroyed,
ing 5-cleft limb. Filaments adhering to the tube of the corolla,
and interdicted its future importation ; and other states have
followed its example. This is in consequence of the Angostura
and longer than it (nevertheless enclosed), usually flattened and
downy, sometimes 5, rarely 6-8, 2 or 4 of which are sterile, spurious and poisonous. The false or fine Angostura bark, Bru-
bark of commerce being of different kinds, the most of which are
,
sometimes 5, all fertile ; anthers oblong-heart-shaped, rarely ap-
pendiculate at the base, sometimes revolute after flowering.
cea antidysentérica, has been more recently analyzed by Pelletan
and Caventou. They have discovered in it a new alkali, upon
Ovaries 5, joined in one, or only at the base, surrounded by the
cup-shaped disk, smooth or villous. Styles 5, rising from the
which its virulence depends, and to which they have given the
name of Bruceæ. Its action on the living body is to produce
tops of the ovaries, sometimes distinct, or only partly connected
at the base, but usually joined together in one, terminated by a
tetanus, without affecting the intellectual faculties, in which
single blunt stigma. Fruit only of 1 or 2 carpels from abortion.
respect it has a great analogy to strychnia, or nux vomica, but it
-Trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple, ternate or quinate
is only about one-third of its strength. See Brucea.
leaves, full of pellucid dots. Racemes axillary or terminal,
Cuspare or Angostura-bark. Tree 68 to 80 feet.
5 G. AROMATICA (Spreng. syst. app. p. 91.) leaves trifoliate,
simple or compound ; peduncles and pedicels furnished with brac-
Flowers greenish, white, or flesh-coloured.
smooth ; racemes spicate, axillary ; sterile stamens 3, fertile 2.
h.s. Native of Guiana, in woods of Orapu. Rapùtia aroma-
* Leaves compound.
tica, Aubl. guian. 2. p. 670. t. 272. Sciùris aromàtica, Vahl. in
Willd.
spec.
1.
p. 153. Flowers greenish. Bark of the trunk
1 G. TRIFOLIA'TA (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 662. t. 269.) leaves tri-
aromatic.
foliate, smooth; flowers corymbose; peduncles shorter than the Aromatic-barked Galipea. Fl. Aug. Shrub 3 feet.
leaves; stamens 4, 2 of which are sterile. h.s. Native of 6 G. HETEROPHY'LLA (St. Hil. bull. philom. 1823. p. 131.
Guiana, on the banks of the river Orapu. Sciùris corymbosa, pl. rem. bras. 131. t. 12.) leaves 3-4-5-foliate, on long petioles ;
Spreng. syst. 1. p. 38. Flowers small, greenish. It is called leaflets lanceolate, rather pubescent on the middle nerve ;
Inga by the inhabitants of Guiana.
racemes supra-axillary, on long peduncles ; sterile stamens 2.
Three-leaved Galipea.
Fl. Sept. Clt. 1823. Shrub 6 feet. h.S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro.
2 G. Ossa'na (D. C. mem. mus. 9. p. 149. t. 10.) leaves tri- Variable-leaved Galipea. Shrub.
foliate, smooth ; flowers panicled; peduncles longer than the
* * Leaves simple.
leaves ; calyx 5-parted; sterile stamens 5, fertile 2.
Native of Cuba, about the Havannah. Flowers small, greenish. 7 G. PENTAGYNA (St. Hil. pl. rem. bras. p. 131. t. 11.
De la Ossa's Galipea.
Shrub 6 feet.
A.) leaves long-lanceolate, very acute, quite smooth ; racemes
3 G. LASIOSTE'MON (St. Hil. mss.) leaves trifoliate, full of compound at the tops of the branches, axillary, or somewhat
glandular dots, young ones, petioles, and branches pubescent; extra-axillary; peduncles flattened ; sterile stamens 3 ; styles 5,
racemes almost terminal, erect, pubescent; petals villous on the quite distinct.
quite distinct. Þ.S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio
inside, and pubescent on the outside, as well as the calyx ; sta-
Janeiro.
mens fringed, villous, 3 fertile, and 2 sterile. h.s. Native of Five-styled Galipea. Shrub.
Brazil, in woods at Ilheos. Lasiostèmum sylvestre, Nees et Mart. 8 G. RESINÒSA (St. Hil. pl. rem. bras. 1. p. 134.)
in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 171, t. 19. Flowers white.
leaves oblong, tapering to both ends, shining ; glands on petioles
Hairy-stamened Galipea. Shrub.
very prominent, rough; corymbs terminal, stalked ; corolla
4 G. CUSPA`RIA (St. Hil. mss.) leaves trifoliate; racemes stalk- somewhat bilabiate ; stamens 5, only 2 of which are fertile. .
ed, almost terminal; calyx 5-toothed; sterile stamens 3.
h.s.
S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes, and on the
Native of South America. Cuspària febrífuga, Humb. tabl
. road to Felisbert. Ràvia resinòsa, Nees et Mart. in act. bonn.
geog. Bonplándia trifoliàta, Willd. act. acad. berl. 1802. p. 24. xi. p. 169. t. 19. f. E. and t. 23. Flowers white. Corymbs ca-
.
H. et B. pl. equin. 2. p. 59. t. 57. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen, pitate. Shrub beset with resinous dots.
amer. 6. p. 8. Angostura Cuspàre, Roem. et Schult. syst. 4. p. Resinous Galipea. Fl. Jan. Shrub 6 feet.
183. The Angostura bark of the shops is the produce of this 9 G. PENTA’NDRA (St. Hil. pl. rem. bras. 1. p. 134. t. 13.)
tree. As an aromatic bitter it acts as a tonic and stimulant of leaves lanceolate, acuminated, obtuse, but acute at the base,
the organs of digestion. It increases the appetite for food, re- smooth ; racemes axillary, simple, few-flowered; pedicels each
moves flatulence and acidity, arising from dyspepsia, and is a furnished with 3 bracteas; stamens 5, all fertile. F.S. Native
very effectual remedy in diarrhoea, proceeding from weakness of of Brazil, in the province of St. Paul.
the bowels, and in dysentery; and it possesses the singular ad- Five-anthered Galipea. Shrub.
h. s.

798
RUTACEÆ. XXXII. GALIPEA. XXXIII. ALMEIDEA. XXXIV. DIGLOTTIS. .
a
p.
56.)
10 G. FONTANESIA'NA (St. Hil. pl. rem. bras. 1. p. 134. cup-shaped disk, connected together at the base, smooth. Styles
t. 14. B.) leaves lanceolate-oblong, acutish, quite smooth, very 5, rising from the tops of the ovaries, joined in one, smooth,
acute at the base ; petioles smooth; racemes terminal, or some- terminated by a single, capitate, 5-lobed stigma. Fruit of 1-2
what extra-axillary, hardly branched at the base; calyx cup-shap- 1-2-seeded carpels.- Trees or shrubs, with alternate (but
ed, smooth ; sterile stamens 3 ; nectary 5-toothed. ħ.s. Native the upper ones are sometimes opposite), simple, quite entire,
of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Ràvia racemosa, Nees stalked, exstipulate leaves ; petioles knotted above. Racemes
et Mart. in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 169. t. 24. Flowers white. terminal, simple, and naked beneath, but divided at the apex
Desfontaine's Galipea. Fl. Jan. Shrub 6 feet,
into compound thyrse-like panicles ; peduncles and pedicels fur-
11 G. CANDOLLEA'NA (St. Hil. pl. rem. bras. 1. p. 135. t. nished with bracteas. Flowers white, lilac, red, and blue.
14. C.) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, quite smooth ; racemes 1 A. LILA'CINA (St. Hil. bull. philom. 1823. p. 129. pl. rem.
somewhat extra-axillary, very short ; flowers crowded; sterile bras.
p. 144. t. 15. fl. bras. 1. p. 86.) leaves lanceolate, acute at
stamens 3 ; nectary entire. h. S. Native of Brazil, in the the base; panicles pyramidal ; peduncles puberulous; petals
province of Rio Janeiro. Flowers white.
blunt. h. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro.
De Candolle's Galipea. Fl. Oct.
Fl. Oct. Shrub 6 feet.
Flowers lilac.
12 G. MACROPHY’LLA (St. Hil. pl. rem. bras. 1. p. 132.) Lilac-flowered Almeidea. Shrub 8 feet.
leaves long, linear-elliptic, stalked, rounded at the base, dotted 2 A. RU'BRA (St. Hil. 1. c. pl. rem. bras. p. 144. fl. bras. 1.
with black opaque glands beneath; trunk simple, very slender; p. 86. t. 18.) leaves lanceolate, acute at the base; flowers race-
racemes extra-axillary, compound, interrupted ; stamens 7, 1 mose ; racemes compound; peduncles smooth; petals very
or 2 of which are only fertile. ħ. S. Native of Brazil, in blunt. . S. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. Flowers
woods on the tops of the granite mountains at Rio Janeiro, and red.
in the provinces of the mines. Conchocarpus macrophylla, Red-flowered Almeidea. Tree 12 feet.
Mikan. del, bras. 1. t. 2. Nees et Mart. in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 3 A. LONGIFOLIA (St. Hil. pl. rem. bras. 1. p. 145. fl.
160. t. 18. f. B. Rapùtia conchocarpus, Schult. mant. 1. p. bras. 1. p. 86.) leaves large, lanceolate-oblong, obtuse at the
126. Calyx bearded on the inside. Corolla funnel-shaped, beset base, acute at the apex; flowers racemose, compound; peduncles
with rusty glands, with a bilabiate limb.
pubescent; pedicels smooth ; petals obtuse. h. S. Native
Long-leaved Galipea. Fl. Oct. Nov. Shrub 6 feet.
of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Flowers red.
13 G. CUNEIFOLIA (St. Hil. pl. rem. bras. 1. p. 132.) leaves Long-leaved Almeidea. Tree.
on short stalks, broad-lanceolate, tapering much to the base, 4 A. MYRIACA'NTHA (Nees in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5.
cuneated, full of minute pellucid dots; racemes axillary, elon- leaves scattered, elliptical-lanceolate, acuminate, on short stalks,
gated, interrupted, about the length of the leaves; stamens veiny, and wrinkled; racemes axillary, simple, 5-10-flowered ;
,
5, only 2 of which are fertile. h.s. Native of Brazil, in woods veins of leaves scrobiculate in the axils; stamens 5, connected to
at the river Peruaquacu, in the province of Bahia. Concho- the tube of the corolla ; ovary clothed with stellate hairs. . S.
carpus cuneifolia, Nees et Mart. in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 162. t.
p
Native of Brazil, in the island of St. Catharine. Flowers white,
21. Corolla small, regular, white.
and very fragrant.
Wedge-leaved Galipea. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
Thousand-spined Almeidea. Tree 20 feet.
14 G. GAUDICHAUDIA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 89.) leaves 5 A. CÆRU'LEA (St. Hil. mss.) leaves oblong, tapering to the
spatulate, oblong, rounded at the apex, cuspidate; pedicels pu- base, obtuse at the apex, sometimes emarginate ; racemes ter-
bescent; sterile stamens 3 or 4 ; nectary entire ; ovaries smooth. minal; peduncles smooth ; petals obtuse. h.S. Native of Brazil,
h. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Flowers in woods at the river Ilheos. Aruba cærulea, Nees et Mart.
white.
nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 174. t. 27. Flowers blue.
Gaudichaud's Galipea. Shrub.
.
Blue-flowered Almeidea. Tree 10 feet.
15 G. Martia'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 90.) leaves large, 6 A. A’LBA (St. Hil. mss.) leaves obovately wedge-shaped, with
lanceolate, tapering to both ends, quite smooth ; petioles very a blunt point; racemes terminal, bifid, secund ; peduncles naked;
short, puberulous; racemes terminal, simple, pubescent, as well petals obtuse. h.S. Native of Brazil, on the road to Felis-
as the campanulate, cup-formed calyx; sterile stamens 3; nec- bert. Aruba álba, Nees et Mart. in nov. act. bonn, xi. p. 175.
tary entire. h. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio t. 28. Flowers white.
Janeiro.
White-flowered Almeidea. Fl. Dec. Shrub 6 feet.
Martius's Galipea. Shrub 6 feet.
7 A. ACUMINATA (St. Hil. mss.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute
16 G.? E'LEGANS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 90.) leaves long, at both ends; flowers terminal, racemosely panicled; peduncles
lanceolate-linear, acute at the base and apex, quite smooth; pubescent; petals obtuse. h. S. Native of Brazil, in the
flowers racemose; axis triquetrous, pubescent. ħ.S. Native province of the Mines, in woods. Flowers lilac.
of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro.
Acuminate-leaved Almeidea. Fl. April.
Fl. April. Tree 10 to 20 feet.
Elegant Galipea. Fl. Nov. Shrub 2 to 3 feet.
Cult. See Choisya for cultivation and propagation.
Cult. See Choisya for cultivation and propagation.
XXXIV. DIGLO'TTIS (from dıç, dis, twice, and ylwrta,
XXXIII. ALMEI'DEA (in honour of John Rodriguez Pereira glotta, a tongue; the anthers 2, ending each in a tongue-shaped
de Almeida, who was of great assistance to St. Hilaire while on ligula). Nees et Mart. in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 170. t. 19. f.
his travels in Brazil). St. Hil. bull. philom. 1823. p. 129. D. F. D. C. prod. 1. p. 732. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12.
C. prod. 1. p. 729. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 492. t. 23.
no. 33. Aruba, Nees et Mart. in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 152 and Lin. syst. Diándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5,
172. t. 19. f. H. but not of Aubl. according to St. Hil.
longer, about equal, joined together from the base to the middle
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx short, 5-parted into a monopetalous corolla. Filaments 5, shorter than the tube
or 5-toothed. Petals 5, distinct, much longer than the calyx, of the corolla, and adhering to its sides, flattened, bearded above,
equal, spatulate. Filaments 5, shorter than the petals, free, 3 sterile, and 2 bearing anthers; anthers heart-shaped, drawn
flattened, densely bearded above the middle, all bearing anthers; out at the apex into an acute bearded ligula. Ovaries 5, sur-
anthers linear, heart-shaped. Ovaries 5, girded beneath by the rounded at the base by the cup-shaped disk. Styles 5, con-
p. 494.

RUTACEÆ. XXXV. ERYTHROCHITON. XXXVI. TICOREA. XXXVII. MONNIERA.
799
a
h. s.
h. S.
а.
nected in one, very short, terminated by a single blunt stigma. Native of Guiana in woods. Ozophyllum foe'tidum, Mar-
Fruit of 5.1-seeded carpels.—A shrub, with alternate, long, tyn, in Mill. dict. Ozophyllum trifoliàtum, Willd. spec. 3.
ovate-lanceolate, quite entire leaves, full of pellucid dots. Flow- p. 585. Flowers white. The leaves, when bruised, emit a dis-
ers short, almost sessile, bracteated, disposed in a somewhat agreeable smell, resembling that of Stramònium.
racemose panicle. Petioles inflated above.
Fetid Ticorea. Fl. Feb. Shrub 10 feet.
1 D. OBOVA'TA (Nees et Mart. 1. c. t. 25.). ħ.S. Native 2 T. PEDICELLA'TA (D. C. mem. mus. 9. p. 145. t. 8.) leaflets
of Brazil, in woods at the river Xipoto. Leaves obovate-ob- 3, equal, almost sessile; corymbs 12-14-flowered ; flowers
long, rounded at the apex. Calyx pubescent. Petals acute, 3 stalked, disposed along the branches ; capsule seated on a
lines long, white.
stipe. H.S. Native of French Guiana. Flowers white.
Obovate-leaved Diglottis. Fl. Dec.
Fl. Dec. Shrub 5 feet.
Stalked-flowered Ticorea. Shrub 10 feet.
Cult. See Choisya for cultivation and propagation.
3 T. LONGIFLÓRA (D. C. mem. mus. 9. p. 145. t. 9.) leaflets
3, lateral ones on short stalks, middle one having a stalk 3-
XXXV. ERYTHROCHITON (from epv.Jpos, erythros, red, times longer than those of the lateral ones; corymb 15-20-
and Xitwy, chiton, an outer coat ; in allusion to the calyx being flowered ; flowers almost sessile, disposed along the branches;
χιτών,
red). Nees et Mart. in nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 165. t. 18. f. D. petals 10-times longer than the calyx or more. h.S. Native
D. C. prod. 1. p. 732. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 495. . of French Guiana in woods. Flowers white. Fertile stamens 4.
LIN. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx large, tubular ; Long-flowered Ticorea. Shrub 10 feet.
tube compressed, 5-ribbed ; limb of 5 segments, connected into 4 T. JASMINIFLORA (St. Hil. bull. philom. 1823. p. 132. pl.
2 nearly equal lips, sometimes both entire, sometimes the lower rem. bras. p. 141. t. 14. D.) leaflets 3, lanceolate, acuminated,
one is trifid. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, connected into a tapering into the petiole ; panicle rather loose ; sterile stamens
half monopetalous funnel-shaped corolla, with a 5-cleft limb. 3-6.
Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro and in the
Filaments 5, shorter than the tube of the corolla, and adhering province of Minas Geraes. Sciùrus multiflòra, Nees et Mart.
to its sides, as well as being connected together, all bearing an- nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 155. t. 18. f. A. Flowers white, sessile,
thers; anthers lanceolate. Ovaries 5, surrounded by a longer along the branches of the panicle. The inhabitants of Brazil
;
pitcher-shaped glandular disk. Styles 5, connected in one, about believe that the juice of the leaves boiled will cure frambesia.
the length of the tube of the corolla, terminated by a single, ob- Jasmine-flowered Ticorea. Fl. Sept. Tree 20 feet.
tuse, 5-furrowed stigma. Fruit of 5 1-seeded carpels.—A small 5 T. FEBRIFUGA (St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. no. 16. D.) leaflets
tree, with alternate, simple, stalked, lanceolate, very long, quite 3, lanceolate, acuminated, tapering into the petiole; panicle
,
entire, smooth leaves. Axillary branches almost leafless, bear- crowded; sterile stamens 3 or 6.
Native of Bra-
ing the flowers at their ends, having the appearance of very long zil, in the province of Minas Geraes, where it is called Quina
peduncles. Flowers large, in the axillæ of the bractea-like or Folhas brancas. The bark is very bitter and astringent, and
leaves, 2-4 or more in a cluster, on short pedicels, which are would be a good substitute for Peruvian bark in intermittent
jointed at the base, each furnished with 2 bracteas. Calyx red. fevers.
Corolla white.
Febrifuge Ticorea. Tree 20 feet.
1 E. BRASILIE'NSIS (Nees et Mart. 1. c. p. 166. t. 22.) h.S. 6 T. BRACTEA'TA (St. Hil. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 730.)
Native of Brazil, at the fort of St. John the Baptist, in the leaflets 3, oblong, acuminated, tapering to the base; panicle
province of the Mines.
somewhat spicate, many-flowered, glomerate, erect; calyx 5-
Brazilian Erythrochiton. Tree 10 feet.
cleft, with acuminated lobes ; fertile stamens 2. h.S. Native
Cult. See Choisya for cultivation and propagation.
of Brazil, in woods at Arassatiba. Sciurus bracteata, Nees et
Mart. nov. act. bonn. 11. p. 156. t. 18. f. A. and t. 20. Brac-
XXXVI. TICO'REA (probably the name of the tree in teas under the branches of the panicle lanceolate, fringed.
Guiana). Aubl. guian. 2. p. 689. D. C. in mem. mus. 9. p.
Flowers white.
144. St. Hill. bull. philom. 1823. p. 132. D. C. prod. 1. p.
Bracted Ticorea. Shrub 6 feet.
730. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 495. t. 23. no. 35.- 7 T. SIMPLICIFOLIA (St. Hil. mss. in D. C. prod. 1. p. 730.)
Ozophyllum, Schreb. gen. no. 1105. Sciùris, Nees et Mart. in leaves simple, oblong-lanceolate,, acuminated at both ends; ra-
nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 155. t. 18. A.
cemes compound, many-flowered, erect; fertile stamens 2.
LIN. SYST.
Pent-Heptandria, Monogynia. Calyx small, h. S. Native of Brazil, in woods at the Fort of St. John
5-cleft or 5-toothed. Petals 5, much longer than the calyx, the Baptist, in the province of Minas Geraes. Sciùrus simpli-
,
linear, connected together into a half-monopetalous, funnel- cifolia. Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 157. Flowers
shaped corolla, with a 5-cleft, equal or unequal limb. Filaments cream-coloured, pedicelled, with a short, linear-lanceolate brac-
flattened, adhering to the tube of the corolla, sometimes 5-7 in tea at the base of each pedicel.
number, rarely 8, 3 or 6 of which are sterile, the rest fertile ; Simple-leaved Ticorea. Shrub 10 feet.
anthers adnate. Ovaries 5, surrounded by a cup-shaped disk,
Cult. A mixture of loam, sand, and peat will answer the
smooth, usually connected together. Styles 5, rising from the species; and cuttings, taken from ripened wood, will root in a
tops of the ovaries, connected together in one, about equal in pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat.
length to the tube of the corolla, terminated by a simple, 5-
lobed stigma. Fruit of 5, connected, 1-seeded carpels.—Sweet- XXXVII. MONNIERA (in honour of William le Monnier,
scented trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple, but usually ter- once Professor of Botany in the Jardin du Roi, Paris. He pub-
nate leaves; petioles jointed ; leaflets lanceolate, entire, full of lished, in 1745, Observations upon the dangerous plants of the
pellucid dots. Terminal branches almost leafless, floriferous, Pyrenees and Roussillon). Lin. gen. no. 850. Nees et Mart.
naked below, but divided at the apex into corymbs or panicles, nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 162. t. 18. f. C. D. C. prod. 1. p. 729.
or compound racemes; pedicels furnished with bracteas. Flowers Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 496. t. 22. no. 31.
white or cream-coloured, beset with pellucid or tubercled glands. Lin. syst. Diandria, Monogynia. Calyx
Calyx 5-parted; seg-
1 T. FE'TIDA (Aubl. guian. 2. p. 689. t. 277.) leaflets 3, ments very unequal, 2 of which are much longer than the co-
equal, almost sessile; corymb 6-7-flowered; flowers sessile rolla, and 3 much shorter, permanent. Petals 5, unequal, con-
along the branches; petals 6-times longer than the calyx. h.S. nected at the base into a half monopetalous corolla, with a curved
.
a
a

800
RUTACEÆ, XXXVII, MONNIERA. XXXVIII. DICTYOLOMA. XXXIX. GALVEZIA.
XL. BRUCEA.
a
a
tube and a bilabiate limb, upper lip 1-lobed, lower one divided ing 5 productions like stamens, each terminated by a barren
into 4-lobes. Filaments 5, adhering to the tube of the corolla anther. Ovaries 5, joined in one, seated on a short gynophore,
and shorter than it, flattened, bearded in the middle, 3 sterile, downy. Styles 5, connected into one, short, thick, terminated
2 fertile ; anthers adnate, oblong, heart-shaped. Ovaries 5, by a single 5-lobed stigma. Fruit of 5 distinct carpels, opening
longer than the thickish hypogynous scales, which are bidentate at inwardly, 2-valved, 3-4-seeded. Seeds kidney-shaped, expanded
the apex, permanent and sessile, approximate, smooth, opposite on the back into an elegant netted wing. Embryo arched.-A
—
the sterile stamens. Styles 5, rising from the tops of the little tree, with alternate, pinnate leaves ; leaflets nearly oppo-
ovaries, connected in one, terminated by a single, 5-lobed, capi- site or alternate, unequal-sided, with glandular margins, without
tate stigma. Fruit of 5 (but sometimes fewer from abortion) dots. Terminal branches bearing the flowers, dividing into a
1-seeded carpels. A villous herb, with opposite or alternate, broad corymb; pedicels bracteate. Flowers downy-white, male
stalked, ternate leaves, full of fine pellucid dots. Peduncles and female intermixed.
axillary, simple at the base, naked, but forked at the apex. 1 D. VANDELLIA'NA. his. Native of Brazil.
Flowers small, white, on very short pedicels along the branches, Vandelli's Dictyoloma. Tree 12 feet.
secund.
Cult. See Ticòrea for cultivation and propagation.
1 M. TRIFÓLIA (Lin. spec. 986.
FIG. 124.
Aubl. guian. 2. p. 730. t. 293. H.
XXXIX. GALVEZIA (in honour of Joseph Galvez, minister
B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6.
of state under Charles III. of Spain). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. but
.
p. 9. Jaborandi, Marcg. bras. 36.
not of Dombey. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 500. t. 25.
with a figure. O.S. Native of
no. 37.
Guiana, Cayenne, and Brazil. Plant
LIN. SYST.
Dioècia, Octandria. Flowers of separate sexes.
annual, naked at the base, but
Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, longer. Male flowers.
Male flowers. Stamens 8,
branched at the top.
the 4 opposite the petals shortest ; filaments awl-shaped, smooth,
;
Three-leaved Monniera. Fl. Ju.
inserted round the base of the oblong gynophore. Ovaries 3-4,
Jul. Clt. 1792. Pl. 4 to 1 foot.
distinct, seated on the fleshy tetragonal receptacle. Styles 3-4,
Cult. The seeds of this plant
distinct at the base, but connected at the apex, terminated by a
should be sown in a pot of light
4-lobed stigma. Drupes 4, or fewer from abortion, 1-seeded.
earth, placing it in a hot-bed, and
Seeds egg-shaped. Embryo straight.-A tree with simple
when the plants are of sufficient
leaves, opposite, or 3 in a whorl
, serrated, quite smooth, full of
size they should be planted into
pellucid dots, with an aromatic smell. Peduncles axillary, tri-
separate pots, and shaded until
chotomously panicled, with 2 opposite bracteas at the divisions ;
they have taken fresh root; after
pedicels bracteolate. Female flowers on distinct branches, and
this they may be placed in the stove, where they will ripen their perhaps on distinct trees. Petals convolute in the bud.
seed.
1 G. PUNCTA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. 5 with a figure). ħ. G.
Tribe VII.
Native of Chili, where it is called Pitao. Fruit fleshy, bitter.
Dotted Galvezia. Tree 20 feet.
ZANTHO'XYLEÆ (plants agreeing with Zanthóxylum
Cult. See Ticòrea for cultivation and propagation.
in important characters). Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 497.
Flowers of separate sexes, regular. Calyx divided into 3, but XL. BRUCEA (in honour of James Bruce, the celebrated
usually 4-5. Petals equal in number, frequently longer, usually traveller in Abyssinia). S. Mill. fasc. t. 25. Schreb.
twisted in the bud, rarely wanting. Male flowers, with the Lher. stirp. 19. t. 10. Juss. gen. 373. Kunth, gen. tereb. 30.
stamens equal in number to the petals, rarely double that D. C. prod. 2. p. 88. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 501.
number, for the most part longer than them, inserted round LIN. SYST. Dioe'cia, Tetrándria. Flowers of separate sexes.
the base of the gynophore. Female flowers with abortive Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, hardly equal the length of the calyx.
stamens and a short style. Ovaries seated on the receptacle, Male flowers. Stamens 4, short, inserted round about a gland-
equal in number to the petals or fewer, sometimes distinct like, central, 4-lobed body. Female flowers ; stamens 4, sterile.
or partly so, with 2 ovulæ in each. Styles equal in number Ovaries 4, seated on a 4-lobed receptacle, each terminated by a
to the ovaries, simple, sometimes free, sometimes joined, some- simple, acute, reflexed stigma. Drupes 4, 1-seeded.—Shrubs, with
times wanting. Stigma 2-5-lobed, or in the free styles simple. impari-pinnate leaves, with 6 pairs of opposite, entire, or serrated
Fruit simple, baccate, or membranous, 2-5-celled, sometimes leaflets, without dots. Flowers small, purplish inside, disposed
multiple. Seeds solitary or twin, pendulous, smooth, and shining. in interrupted glomerate spikes or racemes. Branches, peduncles,
Albumen fleshy, with a superior radicle, and ovate, flat coty- petioles, and nerves of leaves clothed with simple rufescent down.
ledons.— Trees or shrubs, with alternate or opposite, simple, but A fifth part is generally added to the flowers. Divers parts of
more frequently abruptly or impari-pinnate, dotted or dotless the shrubs very bitter.
leaves. Flowers axillary and terminal, variously disposed, male 1 B. ANTIDYSENTE’RICA (Mill. fasc. t. 25.) leaflets quite entire,
and female intermixed, sometimes on different branches, some- clothed with rusty villi on the nerves beneath ; racemes simple,
times on different trees; pedicels bracteolate. Divers parts spike-like. h.S. Native of Abyssinia. Woogi-noos, Bruce's
bitter and aromatic.
trav. French ed. t. 43. Brucea ferrugínea, Lher. stirp. t. 10.
XXXVIII. DICTYOLOMA (from diktvov, dictyon, a net, Drupe sometimes solitary, or perhaps connected together. Guers.
and lwua, loma, a fringe ; in allusion to the seeds being expanded in bull
. philom. 3. no. 84. p. 182. This species is known in
on the back into a netted wing). Andr. Juss. in mem.. mus. 12. Abyssinia by the name of Woodginoos. The root is a specific
p. 499. t. 24. no. 36.
in dysentery. It is a plain simple bitter, without any aromatic
LIN. SYST.
Monoecia, Peniandria. Flowers of separate or resinous taste, leaving in the throat and palate something of
sexes. Calyx deeply 5-parted. Petals 5, longer. Male flowers, roughness, resembling Ipecacuanha. The bark of this tree is
stamens 5, opposite the petals, about equal ; filaments each rising sold under the name of Angostura bark. See Galìpea Cuspària.
from the back of a dense woolly scale, bearing 5 abortive, Antidysenteric Brucea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1775. Shrub
slender ovaries, shorter than the stamens. Female flowers bear- 8 feet.
gen. 1508.
1

RUTACEÆ. XL. BRUCEA. XLI, BRUNELLIA. XLII. ZANTHOXYLUM.
801
H.S.
-
2 B. GRA'CILIS (D. C. prod. 2. p. 88.) leaflets serrated, downy Unarmed Brunellia. Tree.
on both surfaces; racemes simple, spike-like. n. S. Native
of the East Indies. Ailántus gracilis, Salisb. prod. 171. Sta-
** Leaves simple, 3 in a whorl.
mens 5-6. Ovaries stiped.
5 B, TOMENTÒSA (Humb. et Bonpl. pl. equin. 1. p. 214. t.
Slender Brucea. Fl. May, June. Clt.? Shrub.
60.) leaves oval-oblong, acute at both ends, serrated, reticulated
3 B. SUMATRA'NA (Roxb. A. ind. 1. p. 469.) leaflets serrated,
. fl
with veins beneath ; branches and carpels downy. K. s. Na-
villous beneath; racemes usually compound; petals longer than tive of South America, near Almaguer, in cold places. Stamens
the calyx.
h. S. Native of Sumatra, Moluccas, China, and 8-14.
Cochin-china. Gònus amaríssimus, Lour. 658. B. Sumatrénsis, Downy-branched Brunellia. Tree 20 feet.
Spreng. pug. 2. p. 90.--Rumph. amb. 7. t. 15. Flowers dark- 6 B. OVALIFOLIA (Humb. et Bonpl. pl. equin. 1. p. 216. t.
purple, usually hermaphrodite. From the sensible qualities of 61.) leaves roundish-oval
, serrated, clothed beneath with very
the green parts of this plant being somewhat fetid, and simply, minute pubescence; heads of flowers axillary, stalked.
though intensely, bitter, it promises to be as good an antidysen- Native of South America, on Mount Saraguru, near Loxa. Sta-
terical medicine as Bruce's Woodginoos. (Wall.)
mens 10.
Sumatra Brucea. Fl. May, June. Clt. 1822. Tree 20 ft. Oval-leaved Brunellia. Tree 20 feet.
4 B. GUINEE'NSIS ; leaflets quite entire ? and smooth; spikes 7 B. ACUTA'NGULA (Humb. et Bonpl. pl. equin. 1. p. 216. t,
panicled, branched; petals much longer than the calyx. h. S.
h.s. 62.) leaves oval-lanceolate, covered with powdery-pubescence
Native of Sierra Leone, in the woods.
beneath ; branches acutely triquetrous. his. Native of New
Guinea Brucea. Fl. Feb. May. Tree 14 feet.
Granada. Stamens 8-10.
Cult. These trees will thrive best in a loamy soil. Cuttings Sharp-angled-stemmed Brunellia. Tree 20 feet.
from ripened wood strike root freely in a pot of sand under a
N. B. There are several unpublished species of this genus
hand-glass, in a moderate heat.
from the Sandwich Islands.
XLI. BRUNE'LLIA (in honour of Gabriel Brunelli, professor
Cult. See Brùcea for cultivation and propagation.
of botany in the university of Bologna). Ruiz et Pav. fl. per.
prod, p. 71. t. 12. H. et B. pl. equin. 1. p. 210. H. B. et Kunth,
XLII. ZANTHO'XYLUM (from Eavlos, xanthos, yellow,
nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 42. D. C. prod. 2. p. 87. Andr. Juss, in
and Evlov, xylon, wood; the roots are yellow). H. B. et Kunth,
mem. mus. 12.
p.
501.
Lin. syst. Dioe'cia, Octo-Decándria. Flowers of separate
nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 1. D. C. prod. 1. p. 725. Andr. Juss. in
sexes. Calyx 4-5-parted, clothed on the inside at the base,
mem. mus. 12. p. 503. t. 25. no. 38.—Zanthoxylum et Fagara,
Lin.
with a hairy depressed disk, which is 8-10-lobed. Petals want-
gen. no. 150. and 1109.-Xanthoxylum, Smith.-Aubertia,
ing. Male flowers. Stamens 8-10, longer than the calyx, in-
Bory.- Langsdorfia, Leandr. in akad. munch. 1819. p. 229.-
serted in the sides of the disk, which bears the abortive ovaries.
Pohlàna, Nees et Mart. nov. act. bonn. xi. p. 185.-Ochróxy-
.
Female flowers. Stamens inserted in the disk, much shorter
lum, Schreb.—Pteròta, Adans.—Kampmánnia, Rafin.--Am-
pàcus, Rumph.—Evòdia, spec. D. C. prod. 1.
than the calyx; anthers barren. Ovaries equal in number with
p.
724.
LIN. SYST. Dioe'cia, Īri-Pentándria. Flowers dioecious.
the segments of the calyx, distinct, hairy, each ending in a
short acute style. Carpels distinct, opening lengthwise in-
Calyx short, 3-4-5-parted. Petals equal in number to the lobes
wardly, each containing 1-2 seeds. Seeds egg-shaped or globose,
of the calyx, but longer, very rarely wanting. Male flowers.
Embryo straight.—Unarmed, rarely prickly trees. Leaves sim-
Stamens equal in number with the petals, equal in length or longer
ple, ternate
, or impari-pinnate, coriaceous, entire or crenated, bearing the rudiment of a simple or multiple pistil, which is
-
than them, inserted around the base of a rudiment of a gynophore,
,
without dots. Stipulas twin, small, caducous, petiolar. Flowers
shorter than the stamens. Female flowers. Stamens sometimes
disposed in axillary or terminal corymbs, or panicles ; pedicels
furnished with bracteas. Parts usually clothed with rusty down. wanting, or very short, scale-like, and without anthers, or bearing
abortive ones.
There are sometimes 7 segments to the calyx.
Ovaries 5-1, sometimes equal in number to the
petals, but usually fewer from abortion, seated on a subglobose,
* Leaves opposite, pinnate.
or subcylindrical torus, each containing 2 ovulæ, and with one
1 B. ACULEA'TA (Ruiz et Pav. Al. per. syst. p. 127.) leaves
style rising from the apex of each, free, or connected; the for-
abruptly-pinnate; leaflets quite entire ; carpels smooth ; branches
mer with separate capitate stigmas; the latter crowned with a
prickly, . S. Native of Peru, in groves. Stamens 10-14.
.
single lobed stigma. Capsules 1-5, sessile, or stalked, 2-valved,
Prickly-branched Brunellia. Tree.
1-2-seeded. Seeds globose, dark, shining. Embryo straight,
2 B. COMOCLADIFÒLIA (Humb. et Bonpl. pl. equin. 1. p. 211.
but usually a little incurved.—Trees or shrubs, with the petioles,
t. 59.) leaves impari-pinnate, with 7 or 11 pairs of spiny-ser- branches, and nerves, usually furnished with prickles. Leaves
. -
rated leaflets ; carpels 4, clothed with rufous down. h. s. Na-
alternate and opposite, simple or ternate, but usually abruptly
tive of Peru, on the Andes, near Popayan. Stamens pro-
or impari-pinnate, and with the common petiole usually winged,
bably 8.
for the most part full of pellucid dots. Flowers small, greenish,
Comocladia-leaved Brunellia. Tree.
or whitish, axillary or terminal, fascicled, spiked, racemose,
3 B. PROPI’NQUA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 45.)
cymose, corymbose, or panicled, furnished with bracteas.
leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets 3 or 4 pairs, oblong, rather ob-
tuse, crenately-serrulated, clothed beneath with fine rufescent Sect. I. ZANTHO'XYLUM (see genus). Golden, Lin. Juss, et
down; panicle branched, rusty. h.S. Native of South Ame- Schreb.—Xanthoxylum species, Nees et Mart.-Fagàra, Adans.
rica. Štamens 12-14. Compare it with the following.
but not of Lin. Calyx of 5 petal-like sepals, bearded at the
Allied Brunellia. Tree 20 feet.
apex. Petals wanting. Male flowers. Stamens equal in num-
4 B. INE'RMIS (Ruiz et Pav. fl. per. prod. p. 71.) leaves impari- ber to the petals, and alternating with them, inserted around the
pinnate, and simple ; leaflets serrated ; carpels hispid. h. S. rudiment of a 5-lobed disk. Female flowers. Ovaries equal in
Native of Peru, in groves. Stamens 10-14. This is probably number to the sepals, and opposite them, seated on a cylindrical
the same as B. propinqua.
torus, each furnished with a style, which are connected together
VOL.I.
5 K
a

802
RUTACEÆ. XLII. ZANTHOXYLUM.
;
-
-
at the apex, ending in a clavate stigma. Sepals sometimes inhabitants, who pretend that the bark, reduced to a powder,
6-9, according to Kunth, sometimes only 4.-Trees with impari- is good against the ear-ache. The wood is excellent.
pinnate leaves.
Winter Tooth-ache-tree. Tree.
1 1 Z. FRAXI'NEUM (Willd. spec. 4. p. 757.) leaves impari-pin- 7 Z. AFFI'NE (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 3.) spa-
nate, with 4 or 5 pairs of ovate, obsoletely-serrulated leaflets, ringly prickly ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 7 or 9 oblong, blunt,
which are equal at the base; petioles terete, unarmed; prickles smooth leaflets, which are crenate, and full of glandular dots on
stipular ; corymbs axillary. Ñ . H. Native of North America, the edges; petioles hairy ; spikes axillary, many-flowered. ñ.
from Canada to Virginia, and Kentucky, in woods near rivers. S. Native of Mexico, at Lake Cuiseo. Style 1 ? Flowers
Z. ramiflòrum, Michx. fl. 2. p. 235. Z. clava Hérculis var. Lin. white ?
spec. 1455. Lam. dict. 2. p. 38. Z. Americànum, Mill. dict. Allied Tooth-ache-tree. Tree.
no. 2. Z. Caribæ'um, Gært. fruct. but not of Lam.--Duham. 8 Z. PIPERÌTUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 725.) prickly ; leaves im-
arb. 1. t. 97.—Catesb. carol. 1. t. 26. Sepals whitish; anthers pari-pinnate ; leaflets oblong, unequal at the base, crenate;
-
red. The bark and capsules have a hot acrid taste, and are petiole a little winged, jointed; prickles stipular. h.G. Native
used for easing the tooth-ache; hence it is called Tooch-ache- of Japan. Fagàra piperita, Lin. spec. 172. Thunb. jap. 64 ?
tree. A tincture of them is also much commended for the cure Flowers white, in terminal panicles. Ovary 1-2. Style 1. Seed
of rheumatism.
1.–Kampf. amoen. t. 893. The bark, leaves, and fruit of this
Ash-like or Common Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. March, April. shrub being aromatic are frequently used in soups instead of
Clt. 1759. Tree 15 feet.
spice. The bruised leaves made into a cataplasm with meal of
2 Z. MÌTE (Willd. enum. 1013.) unarmed ; leaves impari-pin- rice are
rice are laid upon the parts afflicted with rheumatism.
nate, pubescent beneath ; flowers axillary. Đ. H. Native of Pepper Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Sept. Clt. 1773. Shrub 6 feet.
North America. Sepals white ; anthers red ?
;
9 Z. PERROTETII (D. C. prod. 1. p. 726.) leaves impari-pin-
Mild Tooth-ache-tree. . Fl. March, April. Clt. 1812. Tree nate, with 7 or 9 pairs of sessile, elliptical-oblong, acuminated
15 feet.
leaflets, which are toothed at the apex; petioles and branches
unarmed; panicles subcorymbose. n. š. Native of French
SECT. II. FAGA'ra (a name given to an aromatic plant by Avi-
Guiana. Carpels at maturity twin or solitary from abortion.
cennes). Jacq. Lin. Schreb. Nees et Mart.-Pteròta, P. Brown,
Flowers white ? Petioles not margined.
Perrotet's Tooth-ache-tree. Tree.
Adans. --Fagara species, Juss.-Xanthoxylum species, Nees et
Mart. Calyx 4-parted. Petals and stamens 4. Ovaries 2 or
10 Z. Avice’NNÆ (D. C. prod. 1. p. 726.) prickly ; leaves
2-parted. Stigmas 2-lobed.
impari-pinnate ; leaflets 9-13, lanceolate, smooth, almost entire,
on short petioles; racemes panicled, shorter than the leaves.
Flowers hermaphrodite.
h.G. Native of China. Fagara Avicennæ, Lam. dict. 2. p.
445.-Lob. icon. 2. p. 133. f. 2. (fruct.) Flowers white ?
f)
3 Z. PTERÒTA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 3.) Avicenna's Tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1823. Shrub.
prickly ; leaves impari-pinnate; leaflets obovate, a little cre- 11 Z. BUDRU'NGA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 728.) armed with small
nated; petioles with a narrow wing; prickles 2, stipular hooked. incurved prickles ; leaves abruptly or impari-pinnate, with 5 or 6
h. S. Native of Jamaica and Cuba. Fagara Pteròta, Lin. pairs of unequal, ovate-lanceolate, entire, acuminated, smooth
amoen. 5. p. 391. Schìnus Fagara, Lin. spec. ed. 1. p. 389. leaflets; panicles terminal, crowded. h. S. Native of the
Fagara lentiscifòlia, Willd. enum. 1. p. 166. Spikes axillary, East Indies, in Silhet, where it is called Budrung by the natives,
shorter than the petioles. Flowers white.-Browne, jam. p. 146. who use the seeds medicinally, being of a warm spicy nature,
t. 5. f. 1.- Sloan. jam. 2. p. 25. t. 168. f. 4.
with the fragrance of lemon-peel. Flowers white? Stamens
Winged-petioled Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Aug. Sept. Clt. 1768. much longer than the petals. Capsule single, drupaceous, about
Shrub 10 feet.
the size of a pea, the outer coat is marked with cells, filled with
4 Z. CULANTRÌLO (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 2.) a fragrant balsam, containing a solitary shining seed, having 3
unarmed ; leaves trifoliate or impari-pinnate ; leaflets oblong, integuments.
somewhat emarginate, crenate; petioles obsoletely winged; pe- Budrung Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. March, April. Clt. 1825.
duncles axillary, branched, a little longer than the petioles. h.
Tree 20 feet.
S. Native of South America, on the banks of the river Ama- 12 Z. Rhe'rSA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 728.) armed with prickles;
zon, near Jaen-de-Bracamaros. Flowers white, Culantrilo is leaves abruptly pinnate, with 8 or 16 pairs of lanceolate, falcate,
the vernacular name of the tree.
smooth, entire leaflets, all nearly equal in size; panicle terminal,
Culantrilo Tooth-ache-tree. Tree 24 feet.
frequently cross armed. h.s. Native of the East Indies, on
5 Z. PRÆ'cox (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 76.) unarmed ; leaves the mountainous parts of the coast. Fagara Rhétsa, Roxb. fl.
abruptly-pinnate, with lanceolate-elliptic, blunt, subretuse but ind. 1. p. 428.
. 428. A large much-spreading tree.
Flowers minute,
acute at the base, almost entire, deciduous leaflets, which are yellow. Stamens shorter than the petals. Style thick, terminated
pubescent beneath, full of pellucid dots; rachis hardly margi- by a tapering stigma. Capsule single, dry, 1-celled, 2-valved,
nate; female flowers quadrifid, 4-petalled, disposed in racemose about the size of a pea, containing a round, glossy, black seed.
panicles ; pistil solitary, rarely twin. n. S. Native of Brazil, The unripe capsules are like small berries, they are gratefully
in the province of Rio Janeiro, near Uba. Flowers greenish aromatic, and taste like the skin of a fresh orange. The ripe
white. Ovary 1-2-valved.
seeds taste like black pepper, but weaker. The inner bark is
Early Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Oct. Tree 20 feet.
also acrid, with a mixture of bitter. The tree is called in the
6 Z. HYEMA'LE (St. Hil. fl. usu. bras. t. 37. fl. bras. 1. p. Telinga language Rhetsa-maun. Rhetsa means a committee, or
75.) armed, rather prickly, smooth ; leaves impari-pinnate, with select number of men assembled to settle disputes, &c., and
3 or 6 pairs of obovate, blunt, crenate-serrated, nearly sessile maun signifies trees of the largest size. Under the shade of this
leaflets, glandular on the margins; rachis hardly winged; flowers tree the hill people assemble to examine, agitate, and determine
in racemose panicles, axillary, 4-petalled ; style 1. h. S. Na- their matters of public concern, deliver discourses, &c.
tive of Brazil, in the provinces of St. Catharine and Rio Grande Rhetsa-maun Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Dec. Tree 50 feet.
do Sul. Flowers white. The tree is called Coentrilho by the 13 Z. NI'TIDUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 727.) branches, petioles,
a
1

RUTACEÆ. XLII. ZANTHOXYLUM.
803
-
p. 331.
and ribs armed with prickles ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 2 or 3 leaves impari-pinnate, with 3 or 4 pairs of elliptical, acuminated,
pairs of oblong shining leaflets, which are remotely and glandularly entire, shining, coriaceous leaflets; cymes terminal. h.s. Na-
;
crenated at the apex, rather long, and emarginate; racemes axil- tive of Jamaica, on the mountains. Fagàra acuminata, Swartz,
lary. h. G. Native of China, about Canton, where it is prod. p. 33.
prod. p. 33. Flowers white.
called Tcheum-tsew. Fagara nítida, Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 439. Acuminated-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 ft.
The flowers are 4-petalled as the other species of the Section, but 22 Z. SAPINDOÌDES (D.C. prod. 1. p. 728.) stem and branches
the pistillum is 3 or 4-lobed, each lobe apparently ending in a 2- full of spines ; leaves abruptly pinnate, with 4 pairs of obtuse
lobed stigma. Capsule single, 1-seeded.
emarginate leaflets. H.S. Native of Jamaica.—Browne, jam.
Shining-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Jan. Clt. 1823. Shrub 207. t. 20. f. 2. Sapíndus spinosus, Lin. spec. 526. Lícca-tree,
6 feet.
Lunan. jam. 1. p. 443. The flowers are very fragrant.
14 Z. ZEYLA'NICUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 728.) capsule solitary, Sapindus-like Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub.
2-celled, 1-seeded; the rest unknown. Lùnu Ankénda, Gært. 23 Z. SPINÒSUM (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 574.) leaves pin-
fruct. 1. p. 334. t. 68. f. 9. Fagara Zeylanica, Steud. nom. nate, with 8 or 10 pairs of sessile ovate-acuminated leaflets,
spiny beneath, as well as the petioles and branches; cymes ter-
Ceylon Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub?
minal. h. S. Native of Jamaica, on arid mountains. Fa-
gàra spinosa, Swartz, prod. p. 33. Style wanting. Stigmas 3.
* Flowers dioecious.
Flowers white.
15 Z.? TingoA'SsuIba (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 78.) unarmed, Spiny Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub 6 feet,
quite smooth ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 2 pairs of obovate,
obtuse, obsoletely-crenated, rather retuse, veiny, shining leaflets; SECT. IV. OCHRO'XYLUM (from wxpos, ochros, yellow, and
calyx 4-parted ; petals perhaps wanting. h. s. Native of Brazil, &vlov, xylon, wood ; roots yellow). Schreb. Nees et Mart.-
. h.s. ,
in the province of Rio Janeiro, at Cabo Frio, where it is called Kampmannia, Rafin.-Fagara spec. Lam. Flowers dioecious.
Tingoassuiba. The wood is yellow, and is used in various kinds Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 5.
Petals 5. Stamens 5. Ovaries 3 (Schreb.),
of carpentering
1 to 5 (Mart.). Styles distinct.
7
Tingoassuiba Tooth-ache-tree. Tree 50 feet.
* Leaves simple.
16 Z. LUCIDUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 92.) unarmed, quite
smooth ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 2-3 pairs of stalked, lanceo- 24 Z. OCHRÓXYLUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 725.) trunk prickly ;
.
late, entire leaflets, which are obtuse and rather retuse at the leaves ovate, full of pellucid dots ; ovaries 3, each terminated by
apex, and acutish at the base ; rachis wingless; panicles ter- a style. h.S. Native of the Caribbee Islands. Ochróxylum
minal ; flowers of 4 petals. Þ. S. Native of Brazil, in the and Curtìsia, Schreb. no. 508. et emend. p. 826. Fagara mono-
province of St. Paul. Z. nítidum, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1.
Z. nítidum, St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 77. phylla, Lam. ill. no. 1643. Flowers white.
.
Rudiment of ovary small.
Yellow-wooded Tooth-ache-tree. Tree 20 feet.
Shining Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Jan. Tree 20 feet?
25 Z. PENTA'NOME (D. C. prod. 1. p. 725.) prickly ; leaves
alternate, oval, acuminated at both ends, quite entire ; panicle
SECT. III. FAGA'RA (see last section). Lam. Swartz, Zanthoxy- terminal; ovaries 5, each bearing a style. ħ. S. Native of
a h
lum, Nees et Mart. Flowers 3-petalled, triandrous. Ovaries 3, Mexico. Pentánome simplicifòlia, Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined.
each terminated by a style.
icon.
17 Z. PIMPINELLOÌDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 726.) leaves impari- Five-parted Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub.
pinnate, with many pairs of roundish, acuminated, shining leaf-
* * Leaves impari-pinnate,
lets; petioles and ribs of leaves prickly ; corymbs terminal. h.
S. Native of St. Domingo.-Sloan. hist. 2. t. 174. f. 3-4? 26 Z. TRICA'RPUM (Mich. fl. bor. amer. 2. p. 335.) leaves
Fagàra pimpinelloides, Lam. ill. no. 1638. Calyx 5-cleft. impari-pinnate, with 3 or 5 pairs of oblong-oval, acuminated,
Pimpernel-like Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
serrulated leaflets, which are oblique at the base; petioles and
18 Ž. TERNA'TUM (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 570.) unarmed; branches prickly ; panicle terminal, h. H. Native of Carolina
leaves ternate; leaflets obovate, a little emarginate, shining, and Florida in woods. Fagara fraxinifolia. Lam. ill. 1. t. 334.
dotted beneath; racemes axillary, compound. h.S. Native Three-fruited Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Jul. Cit. 1806. Sh. 6 ft.
of Dominique. Fagara ternàta, Swartz, prod. 33. Flowers 27 Z. MELANOSTI'CTUM (Nees in Schlecht. Linnæa. 5. p. 37.)
white.
branches prickly; leaves impari-pinnate, with 1-2 pairs of stalked
Ternate-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
elliptic leaflets, which are acute at the base, and bluntly acu-
19 Z. PUNCTA'TUM (West. st. cr. 236.) spiny ; leaves trifoliate minated at the apex, entire, coriaceous, shining; panicle axil-
and pinnate, with oblong crenulated leaflets, dotted beneath. h. lary, shorter than the leaves. n. S. Native of South America.
.
S. Native of Santa-Cruz. Flowers white.
Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 5.
Dotted-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
Black-dotted-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Tree.
20 Z. EMARGINA'TUM (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 1. p. 572.) un- 28 Z. RHOIFÒLIUM (Lam. dict. 2. p. 39.) prickly; leaves
armed ; leaves impari-pinnate, with 2 or 3 pairs of ovate, emar- impari-pinnate, with many pairs of lanceolate, serrulated, leaflets,
,
ginate, veiny leaflets; racemes terminal. h. S. Native of which are nearly equal at the base; petioles pubescent, some-
Jamaica and Cuba, on the mountains. Fagàra emarginata, Swartz, what prickly; panicles lateral. h. S. Native of the East
prod. 33.-Sloan. hist. 2. p. 24. t. 168. f. 4. Leaves some- Indies.—Pluk. phyt. t. 329. f. 1.
times abruptly pinnate. Branches inclined to the ground.
Red-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Tree 20 feet.
Flowers white, resembling those of the elder-berry. Fruit round, 29 Z. TRAGÒDES (D. C. prod. 1. p. 725.) prickly; leaves
the size of black pepper. The smoke of the wood in burning
The smoke of the wood in burning impari-pinnate; leaflets wedge-shaped, emarginate ; petioles
is odoriferous, and probably was the fine scent which Columbus broadly-winged, nearly separable at the joints of the leaflets.
found near the south shore of Cuba, on his discovery of that h. S. Native of St. Domingo. Schìnus tragèdes, Lin. spec.
island.
ed. 1. p. 369. Fagàra tragòdes, Jacq. amer. 21. t. 14. pict. 16.
.
Emarginate-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1739. Tree 20 ft. t. 19. Hayne, term. bot, t. 14. f. 2. * Flowers whitish.
21 Z. ACUMINA'TUM (Swartz, A. ind. occ.1. p. 575.) unarmed;
Goat's-tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1759. Shrub 6 feet.
3
5 K 2

804
RUTACEÆ. XLII. ZANTHOXYLUM.
30 Z. HERMAPHRODITUM (Willd. spec. 4. p. 756.) prickly; of pellucid dots ; flowers disposed in axillary racemes. his.
leaves impari-pinnate, with 5 pairs of oblong, quite entire, acu- Native of the Island of Bourbon, on the high plains called
minated leaflets, which are almost equal at the base ; petioles D’Afouge. Aubértia Borbónica, Bory, l. c.
unarmed; panicles terminal. h.s. Native of Guiana, in woods. Aubert du Petit Thouars' Tooth-ache-tree. Tree 20 feet.
Ovaries 3-5, each terminated by a style. Fagàra pentándra, 38 Z. OBTUSIFOLIUM; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets oval, obtuse,
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 78. t. 30. Fagara Guianensis, Lam. dict. 2. smooth ; panicles axillary, a little shorter than the leaves.
446. Wood hard, white, and durable. Flowers white. The h. S. Native of the Mauritius. Evòdia obtusifolia, D. C.
tree is called Cacatin by the Caripous, and Poivre des Negroes prod. 1. p. 724. Style simple, deeply 4-parted into revolute
by the Creoles.
segments.
Hermaphrodite Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. May. Tree 50 feet. Blunt-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub.
p.
H
-
.
green?
Sect. V. LANGSDÓRTIA (in honour of George Langsdorf, of
Sect. VII. Ampa'cus (Malay name of Z, triphyllum). Rumph.
Heidelberg, a great traveller and collector of plants). Leandr.
but not of Rich.-Pohlàna, Nees et Mart.—Macquèria, Comm.
amb. 2. p. 188. 189. t. 61. t. 62. Evòdia, D. C. prod. 1. p.
p
724.
Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens 5. Ovaries 1. Style 1.
Petals
Flowers hermaphrodite. Calyx 4-5-toothed.
31 Z. LANGSDORFII (St. Hil. f. bras. 1. p. 76.) prickly ;
4-5. Glands 5, between the stamens and the ovary ; ovaries
leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, serrated, un-
4, connected at the base, each containing 1 or 2 seeds.
equal at the base ; petioles pubescent; flowers thyrsoid, lateral,
39 Z. LATIFÒLIUM; unarmed; leaves opposite, trifoliate ; leaf-
and terminal. h.s Native of Brazil. Pohlàna Langsdorfii,
lets ovate, acute, woolly beneath ; panicles axillary, length of
Nees et Mart. in nov. act. bonn. 12. p. 17. Flowers green.-
petioles. h. S. Native of Amboyna. Ampacus latifòlia,
Langsdorfia, Leandr. de sacram. denkschr. der Akad. de W.
Rumph. amb. 2. p. 186. t. 61. Evòdia latifolia, D. C. prod. 1.
zu Munchen 12. p. 29. t. 12.
p. 724. Leaflets 8 or 12 inches long. Flowers white.
Broad-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Tree 20 feet.
Langsdorf's Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub 3 feet.
32 Ž. MONO'GYNUM (St. Hil. in bull. philom. 1823. p. 129.)
)
40 Z. TRIPHY’LLUM ; unarmed ; leaves opposite, trifoliate ;
unarmed ; leaves trifoliate ; leaflets roundish-elliptical, sharply
leaflets oblong, entire, smooth ; panicles axillary, pyramidal,
taper-pointed, obtuse, quite entire, smooth ; common petiole and
about the length of the petioles. h.S. Native of the East
middle nerve of leaf puberulous ; panicles terminal; pistils so-
Indies, in the island of Pulo-Penang. Z. Lamarkiànum, Nees.
litary, rarely twin. h. S. Native of Brazil, where it is com-
Fagàra triphylla, Lam. dict. 2. p. 447. Roxb. A. ind. 1. p.
monly called Ponta da Fruta and Larangeira braba. Flowers
436. Evòdia triphylla, D. C. prod. 1. p. 724. Ampàcus an-
gustifolia, Rumph. amb. ii. p. 188. t. 62. Flowers numerous,
Monogynous Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub.
minute, white, scentless. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4, 4-times
33 Z. SENEGALE'NSE (D. C. prod. 1. p. 726.) prickly; leaves
longer than the calyx. Stamens 4. Ovary roundish, woolly,
impari-pinnate ; leaflets obovate, quite entire, somewhat emar-
4-furrowed, the filaments resting in the furrows. Style 1, ter-
ginate ; petioles terete, and are as well as the nerves of the leaves
minated by a 4-lobed stigma. Capsules 1-4, distinct, size of a
prickly. h.S. Native of Senegal. Fagara zanthoxyloides,
field-bean, 1-celled, 2-valved, opening along the upper and inner
Lam. dict. 2. p. 446. Flowers white.
margin, each containing 2 seeds.
Senegal Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub.
Three-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub 4 feet.
34 Z. HETEROPHY'LLUM (Smith, in Rees' cycl. no. 14.) prickly;
leaves impari-pinnate, very long on young trees, with about 20
+ The flowers of the following species being unknown, it is
pairs of prickly leaflets, but they are much shorter on the adult
therefore doubtful to which of the sections they may belong,
trees, with about 4 pairs of unarmed leaflets; petioles round.
The leaves of all are impari-pinnate, and the flowers of most of
h. S. Native of the Island of Bourbon, about Gol. Fagara
them are probably dioecious.
heterophylla, Lam. dict. 2. p. 445. Macquèria, Comm. Flowers 41 Z. RIGIDUM (Humb, in Willd. spec. 4. p. 756. and H. B.
hermaphrodite, white.
et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 4.) prickly; leaflets 4 pairs,
Variable-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Tree.
elliptical, quite entire, emarginate, mucronate, hairy on the veins
35 Z. SORBIFÒLIUM (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 75.) prickly ; leaves beneath, with the middle rib and petioles prickly. n. S. Na-
pinnate, with 3-5 pairs of ovate-oblong, obtuse, rather retuse, tive of South America.
crenate-serrated, smooth leaflets; peduncles rather prickly; Stift Tooth-ache-tree. Tree or shrub.
rachis wingless; flowers panicled, 5-petalled ; pistil solitary. 42 Z. JUGLANDIFÒLIUM (Willd. spec. 4. p. 756.) armed;
h.s. Native of Brazil, near Rio Janeiro. Flowers greenish. leaflets oblong, acuminated, obsoletely serrated, unequal at the
Mountain-ash-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Fl. Aug. Tree. base, a little dotted ; petioles prickly; panicles terminal. H.S.
36 Z. AUSTRALA'SICUM (Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 503.) Native of St. Domingo.- Pluk. t. 239. f. 6. Leaflets stalked,
branches tubercled ; leaves simple, oblong-linear, obtuse, entire ; alternate.
peduncles terminal, few-flowered; ovaries 5, only one of which Var. B, Berteriànum (D. C. prod. 1. p. 727.) leaflets sessile,
comes to maturity; styles joined. Þ.G. Native of New Hol- usually opposite; racemes and petioles pubescent. . S.
"
land. Eriostèmon linearifolium, D. C. prod. 1. p. 720.
Juglans-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Tree.
Australian Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub 6 feet.
43 Z. LANCEOLA'TUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 293.) armed ; leaflets
6-7 pairs, elliptical-lanceolate, membranaceous, without dots,
Sect. VI. AUBE'rtia (in honour of Aubert du Petit Thouars, hairy beneath ; petioles prickly; panicles terminal. Ķ: S.
.
a well known French botanist). Bory St. Vinc. voy. afr. 1. p. Native of Porto Rico, where it is called Cenizo, and of Gua-
256. t. 18. Calyx short, 4-parted. Petals 4, longer than the 7 daloupe.
.
calyx. Stamens 4, very short ; anthers barren. Ovaries 4, Lanceolate-leafletted Tooth-ache-tree. Tree?
seated on a short gynophore. Capsules 4, or fewer from abor- 44 Z. CLA'VA-HE'RCULIS (Lin. spec. 1455. exclusive of the
tion, each containing 1-2-seeds.
synonyms) armed ; leaflets 4 pairs, ovate, repandly-toothed, un-
37 Z. AUBE'RTIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 725.) unarmed; leaves equal at the base, quite smooth, sessile, full of pellucid dots ;
opposite, simple, ovate, obtuse, quite entire or emarginate, full panicles terminal. ñ. S. Native of the Caribbee Islands.
Bestan

RUTACEÆ. XLII. ZANTHOXYLUM, XLIII. BOYMIA. XLIV. TODDALIA.
805
-
a
ܪ
a
.
z. Caribə'um, Lam, but not of Gært. Z. Carolinianum, Gært. outside, but angular, and opening inwardly, each containing a
-Pluk. t. 239. f. 4.
solitary, globose, smooth seed. Shrubs with impari-pinnate
Hercules'-club Tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1739. Tree 50 feet. leaves.
45 Z. AROMA'TICUM (Willd. spec. 4. p. 755.) armed ; leaflets
p.
1 B. RUTÆCA'RPA (Juss. in mem. mus. 12. t. 25. no. 39.).
6 pairs, ovate-lanceolate, serrated, stalked, unequal at the base, n. G. Native of China, where it is called Ou-tchou-yu. The
smooth, full of pellucid dots ; panicles terminal and axillary. fruit, when infused in cold water, exhales a scent like Ptelea.
h. S. Native of St. Domingo. Jacq. fil. eclog. 1. p. 103. Rue-fruited Boymia. Shrub.
t. 70. There is a variety with unarmed petioles.
2 B. MARTINICE'NSIS ; leaves impari-pinnate, prickly; leaflets
Aromatic Tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1824. Shrub.
alternate, oblong, quite entire ; stigma peltate; flowers pentan-
46 Z. OBTUSIFOLIUM (Poir. suppl. 2. p. 293.) prickly; leaflets drous. ħ.s. Native of Martinique. Zanthoxylum Martini-
usually 4-pairs, coriaceous, obversely subovate, rounded at apex, cénse, D. C. prod. 1. p. 726. Fagàra Martinicensis, Lam. ill.
smooth, prickly beneath as well as the petioles ; panicle ter- no. 1659.
minal, dense. ñ.S. Native of the East Indies?
Martinique Boymia. Shrub.
Obtuse-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub.
.
Cult. See Zanthoxylum for cultivation and propagation.
47 Z. ARMA'TUM (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 72.) armed with straight,
spreading prickles; leaflets 2 pairs, oblong, acuminated at both XLIV. TODDA'LIA (Kaka-Toddali is the Malabar name of
ends, entire ; petioles unarmed ; panicles terminal or subaxil- T. aculeàta). Juss. gen. 371. Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 24. D.C.
lary. n.s. Native of the East Indies. Flowers dioecious. prod. 2. p. 83.
83. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 508. t. 26.
Armed Tooth-ache-tree. Clt. 1816. Shrub 10 feet. no. 40.--Scopòlia, Smith, in Rees' cycl.--Cranzia, Schreb. no.
48 Z. ACANTHOPÒDIUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 727.) armed with 362. Vepris, spec. Comm.
straight, spreading prickles ; leaflets 4 pairs, oblong, acuminated LIN, Syst. Monce'cia, Pentándria. Flowers of separate sexes.
at both ends; middle rib and petioles armed with strong spines; Calyx short, 5-toothed. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, spread-
corymbs axillary, very short. ħ. S. Native of Nipaul. Habiting much. Male flowers. Stamens 5, longer than the petals,
of the preceding species.
inserted round about the base of the gynophore, bearing a pris-
Prickly-foot-stalked Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub.
matical 5-sided rudiment of a pistil. Female flowers. Fila-
49 Z. HÓRRIDUM (D. C. prod. 1. p. 728.) leaves alternate ; ments 5, very short, sterile. Ovary seated on a gland-like,
leaflets ovate, crenate ; branches spiny. ħ. G. Native of short, 5-furrowed gynophore, simple, egg-shaped, fleshy, 5-
Japan. Fagára hórrida, Thunb. in Lin. trans. 2. p. 329. celled, each cell containing 2 ovulæ. Stigma almost sessile,
Flowers and fruit unknown.
peltate, 5-lobed. Fruit fleshy, dotted, 5-furrowed, 5-celled,
Horrid Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub.
each cell containing 1 angular, kidney-shaped seed. Embryo
50 Z. SPÍNIFEX (D. C. prod. 1. p. 728.) leaves alternate, in arched.-Dwarf shrubs, with alternate, trifoliate leaves, full of
fascicles, impari-pinnate; petioles winged a little ; leaflets ellip- pellucid dots. Panicles of flowers axillary, usually solitary,
tical, entire, somewhat emarginate ; branches spiny. . S. rarely twin ; pedicels furnished with bracteas. Male and fe-
Native of Caraccas. Fagàra spinifex, Jacq. fragm. p. 10. t. 6.
male flowers on different branches, never on separate trees.
f. 2. Flowers unknown.
Branches, petioles, and peduncles, usually prickly. Number
Spiny Tooth-ache-tree. Shrub.
of parts of flowers sometimes in fours. Petals in bud con-
51 Ž. CRIBRÒSUM (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 946.) unarmed; leaflets
volute.
3-pairs, oblong, blunt, coriaceous, crenate, full of pellucid dots ; 1 T. ACULEA'TA (Pers. ench. 249.) prickles on branches re-
petioles rough. h.s. Native of Hispaniola.
curved ; leaflets ovate-oblong. h.S. Native of the Mauri-
Sieve-leaved Tooth-ache-tree. Tree.
tius and of the Indian archipelago. Paullínia Asiática, Lin.
52 Z. Sellói (Spreng. syst. 1. p. 946.) unarmed ; leaves spec. 524. Scopolia aculeata, Smith, ined. 2. p. 34. T. Asiár
abruptly-pinnate, with 4 pairs of ovate-oblong, blunt, shining, tica, Lam. Flowers white, strong-scented.
reticulated leaflets, full of pellucid dots ; petioles pubescent. Var. a, acanthophylla (D. C. prod. 2. p. 83.) racemes shorter
h.S. Native of Brazil.
than the leaves ; leaves prickly ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate. h.S.
Sello's Tooth-ache-tree. Tree.
Native of Malabar --Rheed. mal. 5. t. 41.
Cult. The species of Zanthoxylum will grow freely in sandy Var. f, nítida (Lam. ill. t. 139. f. 1.) racemes longer than the
loam ; and cuttings will root, if planted in a pot of sand, and leaves ; leaflets ovate, unarmed. his. Native of Ceylon.
placed under a hand-glass; those of the stove species in heat. Burm. zeyl. p. 28. t. 24.
The hardy species, or those native of North America, will thrive Var. 7, rubricaúlis (Willd. in Rom. et Schult. 5. p. 323.)
in
any common garden-soil ; they are well adapted for ornament- branches pubescent; leaves unarmed ; leaflets obovate, acu-
ing small shrubberies. Ripened cuttings of these will root, if minated. h.s. Native of the East Indies.
planted under a hand-glass, or they may be increased by slips of Prickly Toddalia. Clt. 1790. Shrub 6 feet.
the roots; if planted in pots and placed in a hot-bed, they will 2 T. ANGUSTIFÒLIA (Lam. ill. no. 2759.) branches unarmed,
grow up to young plants.
pubescent ; leaflets linear-lanceolate, shining, veined beneath
racemes lateral, shorter than the leaves. h. S. Native of
XLIII. BOʻYMIA (in honour of Michael Boym, who wrote
the Mauritius and the East Indies. Rubéntia angustifolia?
on Chinese plants and animals, in 1650).
Andr. Juss. in mem. Boj. Scopòlia angustifòlia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 779. Flowers
mus. 12. p. 507. t. 25. no. 39.
white.
Dioècia. Flowers of distinct sexes.
Narrow-leaved Toddalia. Clt. 1824. Shrub 6 feet.
unknown. Female flowers.
Calyx short, 5-cleft. Petals 5, 3 T. MEGAPOTA'MICA; unarmed ; leaflets lanceolate, abruptly
longer than the calyx. Ovaries 5, seated round the base of a acuminated, quite entire, opaque, smooth ; panicles axillary, di-
5-scaled gynophore, connected together at the base, and ap- varicating. h.s. Native of Brazil, at Rio Grande. Scopòlia
pearing like one, each divided lengthwise by a simple furrow, Megapotámica, Spreng. syst. app. p. 91. Flowers white.
,
containing 2 ovulæ. Styles 5, joined in one, short, crowned by
Rio Grande Toddalia. Shrub 6 feet.
a simple 5-furrowed, peltate, broader stigma, deciduous. Cap- 4 T. VENÒSA ; leaflets spatulately-lanceolate, mucronate, quite
sules 5, connected at the base, but spreading at the apex, convex smooth, shining above, veined beneath ; branches warted ;
h
a
a
.
LIN. SYST
Male ones

806
RUTACEÆ. XLV. VEPRIS. XLVI. PTELEA. XLVII. BLACKBURNIA.
.
branchlets smooth ; racemes axillary. K.S. Native of Brazil,
. ħ.s.
tetrandrous. h. H. Native of North America, from New
at Rio Grande. Scopolia venosa, Spreng. syst. app. p. 91. York to Carolina in shady moist hedges, and on the edges of
Veiny-leaved Toddalia. Shrub 6 feet.
woods among rocks. Flowers small, greenish-white in corym-
Cult. These shrubs thrive best in a mixture of loam, sand, bose clusters.
and peat; and cuttings, planted in a pot of sand, will strike root Var. B, pentaphylla (D. C. prod. 2. p. 83.) leaflets 5.
readily, if placed under a hand-glass, in heat.
Var. 7, pubéscens (Pursh, fl. amer. sept. 1. p. 107.) leaves pu-
p
bescent. h. H. Native of Pennsylvania.
XLV. VE'PRIS (from vepres, a briar or bramble). Andr. Shrubby Trefoil. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1704. Shrub 10 to
Juss, in mem. mus. 12. p. 509. t. 26. no. 41. Toddàlia and 15 feet.
Scopolia, species of authors.
2 P. PENTA’NDRA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex, icon. ined. D. C.
LIN. SYST. Monce'cia, Octándria. Flowers of separate sexes.
.
prod. 2. p. 83.) leaflets oval, on short stalks, tapering to both
Calyx short, 4-parted. Petals 4, longer than the calyx, spread- ends; flowers panicled, pentandrous. . G. Native of Mexico.
ing much. Male flowers. Stamens 8, 4 of which are opposite Flowers greenish-white.
the petals, and are shorter than the others, inserted around the Pentandrous Shrubby Trefoil. Shrub 6 to 10 feet.
base of the gynophore, which bears the rudiments of 4 ovaries. 3 P. PODOCA'RPA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 83.) leaflets ovate, blunt
Female flowers. Ovary seated on a very short, gland-like, 8- at the base, sessile; corymbs few-flowered; fruit elliptical, on
lobed gynophore, surrounded by 8 very minute scales, simple, pedicels. ħ. G. Native of Mexico. Pt. trifoliàta, Moc. et
globose, fleshy, 4-celled, each cell containing 2 ovulæ. Stigma Sesse. fl. mex. icon, ined. Flowers greenish-white,
sessile, broad, convex, peltate, 4-lobed. Fruit fleshy, dotted, Foot-fruited Shrubby Trefoil. Shrub 10 feet.
4-furrowed, 4-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Seed egg-shaped, 2-
celled, one of which is abortive. Embryo a little arched.-
** Leaves simple.
Small trees, with alternate, trifoliate leaves ; leaflets entire, 4 P. OVA'TA (Lour. fl. coch. 82.) leaves ovate; racemes
quite smooth, reticulated, and full of pellucid dots. Flowers
short, scattered. h.G. Native of Cochin-china. Seríngia ovata,
panicled, terminal
, male and female on different branches, but Spreng. syst. 1. p. 441. Stigma simple. Flowers dioecious,
not on different plants? Petals in the bud convolute.
the male only having been seen, therefore the genus is very
1 V. LANCEOLATA ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated, shining ; doubtful.
panicles terminal. h. S. Native of the Mauritius. Toddàlia Ovate-leaved Ptelea. Shrub 4 feet.
lanceolata, Lam. ill. no. 2760. Scopòlia lanceolata, Spreng. syst. 5? P. MONOPHY'LLA (Lam. dict. vol. 5.) leaves ovate-lan-
1. p. 779. Flowers white.
ceolate, nearly sessile ; flowers racemose ; fruit 3-winged. h.H.
Lanceolate-leaved Vepris. Shrub 6 feet.
Native of Carolina.
2 V. OBOVA'TA; leaflets obovate, bluntish; petioles margined; One-leaved Ptelea. Shrub 4 feet.
panicle terminal, corymbose. H.S. Native of the Mauritius.
Cult. The hardy species of Ptèlea will grow
in
any
common
Toddàlia paniculata, Lam. ill. t. 139. f. 2. Scopòlia inérmis, soil; they are well adapted for shrubberies, and they are generally
Smith, icon. ined. 2. p. 34. Scop. paniculata, Spreng. syst. 1. increased by seeds, which should be sown in a light soil in April,
p. 779. V. inérme, Andr. Juss. 1. c. t. 26. no. 41. Flowers
they may also be increased by layers. The greenhouse kinds
white.
will thrive well in a mixture of loam and peat; and ripened
Obovate-leaved Vepris. Clt. 1824. Shrub 10 feet.
cuttings will strike root, if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-
Cult. See Toddàlia for cultivation and propagation.
glass placed over them.
XLVI. PTE'LEA (TTɛlɛa, ptelea, the Greek name of the
elm, from araw, ptao, to fly; in allusion to the winged fruit). XLVII. BLACKBU'RNIA (in honour of John Blackburn,
Lin. gen. no. 152.
Lam. ill. t. 84. Gært. fruct. 1. t. 40. an English naturalist). Forst. gen. t. 6. D. C. prod. 2. p. 83. .
Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 23. D. C. prod. 2. p. 82. Andr. Juss. -Blackbournea, Kunth, gen. tereb.
p.
24.
in mem. mus. 12. p. 500. t. 26. no. 42. Bellùcia, Adans.
LIN. Syst. Dioècia, Tetrandria. Flowers of separate sexes.
LIN. SYST.
Monoècia, Tetra-Pentándria. Flowers of se- Calyx 4-toothed ; teeth acute, horizontal. Petals 4, elliptical,
parate sexes. Calyx short, 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, longer hypogynous and valvate when in bud (Kunth). Stamens 4.
than the calyx, spreading much. Male flowers. Stamens 4-5, Ovary conical, 1-seeded. Style filiform. Stigma simple. Berry ?
longer than the petals; filaments thickened below and hairy, 1-seeded.-Trees, with simple or abruptly pinnate leaves.
inserted around the base of the gynophore, bearing an abortive Flowers in axillary racemes or panicles.
pistil, much shorter than the stamens. Female flowers. Sta- 1 B. PINNA'TA (Forst. gen. t. 6.) leaves pinnate ; leaflets
mens 4-5, very short, bearing barren anthers. Ovary seated on oblong, blunt, unequal at the base; panicles small, axillary.
a convex gynophore, compressed, 2-3-celled, each cell containing Þ.G. Native of Norfolk Island. Ptèlea pinnata, Lin. fil. suppl.
2 ovulæ. Style short, terminated by a 2-3-lobed stigma. Fruit 126. Samara Blackbúrnia, Spreng. syst. 1. p. 441. Leaves
compressed, indehiscent, samara-like, turgid, 2-3-celled, each quite smooth, with 2 or 3 pairs of leaflets. Flowers yellow.
cell containing 1 seed expanded around into a membranous Pinnate-leaved Blackburnia Tree 20 feet.
.
netted orbicular wing. Seeds oblong. Embryo straight.- 2 B. MONADE'LPHA (Roxb. fl. ind. 1. p. 435.) leaves alter-
Shrubs with alternate, simple, ternate, or quinate leaves, full of nate, lanceolate ; filaments united at the base ; nectary a sta-
pellucid dots; lateral leaflets unequal-sided. Flowers greenish- miniferous ring surrounding the base of the ovary; berry supe-
white, corymbose; cormybs compound, in axillary or terminal rior, 1-seeded; seed arillate. h.S. Native of the East Indies
panicles; pedicels furnished with bracteas. Male flowers some- on the mountainous parts of the Circars. A large, erect, tim-
times with 6 or 7 anthers; stamens unequal. Female flowers ber-tree; the wood is white, close-grained, and durable ;
sometimes with a 3-celled ovary and a 3-lobed stigma.
in the country of its natural growth is employed by the natives
* Leaves trifoliate.
for a variety of purposes. Flowers small, yellow, disposed in
an axillary, frequently compound raceme. Berry about the size
1 P. TRIFOLIA'TA (Lin. spec. 173.) leaflets ovate, acute, mid- of a cherry; when ripe it has a deep-purple bloom, which makes
dle one tapering much to the base ; flowers in corymbs, usually it very inviting to the eye. Seed of a lively purple colour.
a
and
a

RUTACEÆ. XLVIII. AILANTUS. XLIX. POLEMBRYUM. L. PSEUDIOSMA. LI. THYSANUS.
807
Bark yellowish-green outside, but of a deep red on the inside, 4 A. MALABA RICA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 89.) leaves abruptly
tinging the spittle with that colour. It is a strong astringent. pinnate; leaflets entire ; samaræ blunt at both ends, connected
Monadelphous Blackburnia. Tree 60 feet. .
together at the base. h.s. Native of Malabar. Pongèlion
Cult. These trees will do well in a mixture of loam, peat, or Perimàrum, Rheed. mal. 6. t. 15. Tree 12 feet in diameter.
and a little sand; and ripened cuttings will strike root if planted The wood is made into sheaths for spears, &c. The bruised
!
in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed over them, in a mo- leaves give an elegant tinge to water. The fruit triturated with
derate heat.
mango, and mixed with rice in decoction makes a good injection
for ophthalmia and aphalalgia. There is a resinous juice flows
XLVIII. AILA'NTUS (Ailanto is the name of A. glandulosa from the bark when wounded.
in the Moluccas). Desf. in act. acad. par. 1786. p. 263. t. 8.
. Malabar Ailanto. Tree 50 feet.
Kunth, gen. tereb. p. 26. D. C. prod. 2. p. 88. Andr. Juss. Cult. The A. glandulosa is a very desirable tree for planta-
in mem. mus. 12. p. 511. Pongèlion, Rheed.
tions, or to stand singly on lawns; it is easily increased by slips
LIN. SYST.
Polygàmia, Monoècia.
Flowers polygamous.
of the roots. The others are stove trees; these will grow freely
Male ones. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, in a mixture of loam and peat; and the best way to increase
spreading. Stamens 10, the 5 opposite the petals shortest. these is by pieces of the roots, planted in a pot with their points
Disk central, bearing the petals and stamens around its sides, above the ground, and placed in a hot-bed frame, where they
drawn out above into a 5-plicate ring, with 5 minute, dis- will soon make fine plants.
tinct ovaries, or fewer, immersed between the plaits of the
disk. Hermaphrodite or female flowers, with the calyx, + The following genera are allied to Rutàcer, but they are
petals, and disk as in the male, but with fewer stamens. not sufficiently known to be placed in any particular situation.
Ovaries 3-5, distinct, compressed, each rising from the inner
notch of the style, terminated by a spreading stigma. Sa-
XLIX. POLE'MBRYUM (from tolv, poly, many, and
maræ 3-5, oblong, tongue-shaped, compressed, membranous, eußpvov, embryon, an embryo; embryos numerous). Andr. Juss.
netted, tumid in the middle, and 1-celled ; cell 1-seeded; seed in mem. mus. 12. p. 519. t. 28. no. 49.
compressed. Albumen wanting. Embryo straight, with a short,
LIN. SYST. unknown. Fruit almost sessile, echinated, of 5
superior radicle, and leafy cotyledons.—Tall trees, with abruptly carpels, connected together by the sides, but at last becoming
or impari-pinnate leaves ; leaflets opposite, unequal-sided, entire, free. Endocarp cartilaginous, woody, with 2 elastic valves 1-
or toothed, without dots. Flowers whitish-green or yellowish, seeded, sometimes probably 2-seeded, separable from the sarco-
disposed in large branched, terminal, fascicled panicles; pedicels carp Seed bluntly ovate or ovate-conical, each marked at the
furnished with bracteas. Petals twisted in the bud at the apex,
,
base by a large very black spot under a very thin testaceous in-
the rest convolutely-valvate.
tegument, embracing the embryos, which are usually 3 in a
1 A. GLANDULÒSA (Desf. 1. c. Lher. stirp. t. 84.) leaves whorl, inverted, unequal. Cotyledons fleshy, very thick, unequal,
,
impari-pinnate; leaflets coarsely toothed at the base, furnished dotted, with the radicle hardly exserted. The rest unknown. This
with glands beneath the teeth. h. H. Native of China and genus will probably come near to Calodendron, with which it is
the Moluccas, where it is called Ailanto. Ailántus prócera, Sal. commonly called Wild Chesnut by the natives of the Cape of
,
prod. 271. Rhus. hypsotodendron, Moench. Rhus. cacodén-
Good Hope.
dron, Ehrh. beitr. 2. p. 111. Rhus. Sinense, 1. c. Ellis. in phil.
1 P. CASTANEÆCA'RPON (St. Hil. in mem, mus. 12. t. 28. no.
trans. 49. p. 870. t. 25. f. 5. and vol. 50. p. 446. t. 17. Flowers 49.) . G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
whitish-green, exhaling a disagreeable odour. Leaves 3 feet Chesnut-fruited Polembryum. Tree?
long. The tree grows very fast in England, and being handsome,
Cult. See Calodendron for cultivation and propagation.
is
proper for ornamental plantations. If the bark be wounded,
a resinous juice flows out, which hardens in a few days. The
L. PSEUDIO'SMA (from pevồns, pseudes, false ; false
wood is hard, heavy, glossy like satin, and is susceptible of a
Diósma). Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 519.
very fine polish. With us the tree has hitherto produced only
LIN. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-parted. Petals
male flowers; at Paris and Leyden it has borne female flowers
and fruit, but the fruit has not ripened. Some years it bears
5, longer than the calyx. Anthers 5, sessile, connivent. Ovary
5-lobed, girded by a crown-like nectary. Style and stigma simple.
only male flowers, but about twice in ten years it bears both
male and female flowers in France. Mr. Miller supposed this
Carpels 5, each seated on a separate stipe, somewhat kidney-
to be the Fasi-no-ki or spurious varnish-tree of the Japanese, little tree, with simple, lanceolate, quite entire, smooth, alternate
shaped, each containing a solitary seed, but not calyptrate.—A
but it is clear he was mistaken, because the leaves of that tree
leaves. Flowers yellow, disposed in almost terminal compound
are entire.
Glandular-leaved or Chinese Ailanto. Fl. Aug.
. Fl. Aug. Clt. 1751.
Tree 60 feet.
1 P. ASIA'TICA. Þ.G. Native of Cochin-china, on mount
2 A. EXCE'LSA (Roxb. cor. 1. t. 23.) leaves abruptly pinnate;
Hon-chen. Diósma Asiática, Lour. fl. coch. 161.
Asiatic Pseudiosma. Shrub 6 feet.
leaflets coarsely toothed at the base, without glands. H. S.
Native of the East Indies, on the mountainous parts of the
Cult. This shrub will grow very well in a mixture of loam
a
Circars. Flowers whitish-yellow. Leaves 3 feet long, having hand-glass.
and peat; and young cuttings will root in a pot of sand under a
a
10-14 pairs of leaflets. The wood is white and light, but it
soon perishes; it is chiefly used to make cattamarans (rafts for
fishermen to go a fishing on).
LI. THYSA'NUS (from Ivoavoc, thysanos, a fringe; in allu-
Tall Ailanto. Clt. 1800. Tree 66 feet.
sion to the red fringed coat of the seed). Lour. Al. coch. 284.
3 A. MOLUCCA`NA (D. C. prod. 2. p. 89.) leaves abruptly pin- D. C. prod. 2. p. 91. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 521.
nate; leaflets entire ; samaræ acute at both ends, free from each Lin. syst. Decándria, Tetragynia. Calyx of 5 permanent
other. h.s. Native of the Moluccas. A. integrifolia var a, sepals. Petals 5, oblong, equal in length to the calyx, spread-
Lam. dict. 3. p. 417.
ing. Stamens 10, short, with reflexed filaments, and roundish
Molucca Ailanto. Tree 50 feet.
erect anthers. Ovary tetragonal. Styles 4, filiform, inserted
.
racemes.
2

808
RUTACEÆ. LII. TETRADIUM. LIII. PHILAGONIA. LIV. ASAPHES. LV. BARRALDEIA. SIMARUBEÆ.
nom.
-
in the 4 sides of the ovary, each terminated by a bifid stigma. Waved-leaved Asaphes. Shrub.
Drupes 4, oblong, gibbous, recurved at the apex, opening on the Cult. See Toddalia for cultivation and propagation,
side, clothed with wool, each containing a solitary, oblong-ovate,
smooth nucleus, enwrapped in a fringed, red, fleshy coat.-An LV. BARRALDE'IA (meaning unknown.) Pet. Th. nov.
unarmed shrub, with pinnate leaves, and lateral, many-flowered gen. mad. p. 24. D. C. prod. 1. p. 732.—Baráultia, Steud.
peduncles. Flowers with a reddish calyx, and white petals.
1 T. COCHINCHINE'NSIS (D. C. prod. 1. p. 91.) ñ.G. Native Lin. syst. Decándria, Monogynia. Calyx urceolar, 5-cleft.
of Cochin-china, in woods. T. Palàta, Lour. 1. c. exclusive of Petals 5, small, bifid, unguiculate, inserted in the segments of
the synonyme of Rumph. and therefore of the specific name, the calyx. Stamens 10; filaments dilated at the base, 5 of which
Leaflets 10 pairs, oblong, quite entire. The genus is probably are opposite the petals, and longer than them, with a glandular
allied to Ailantus,
circle on the outside of the pistil. Ovary adhering to the tube
Cochin-china Thysanus. Shrub 6 feet.
of the calyx, or immersed in it. Style 1, longer than the sta-
Cult. See Ailantus for cultivation and propagation.
mens. Fruit unknown.—A shrub, with opposite jointed branches.
Leaves opposite, smooth, full of pellucid dots, a little toothed.
LII. TETRA'DIUM (from terpadov, tetradion, quaternary Peduncles short, bifid or trifid. Flowers small, globular, when
parts of flowers and fruit in fours). Lour. fl. cochin. p. 91. D. C. in the bud abounding in resin. This genus probably comes near
2. p. 88. Andr. Juss. in mem, mus. 12. p. 529,
p
,
to Calodendron.
LIN. syst. Tetrándria, Tetragynia. Flowers hermaphrodite. 1 B. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (Pet. Th. 1, c.) n. S. Native of
Calyx short, 4-parted. Petals 4, longer than the calyx. Sta- Madagascar.
mens 4, equal in length to the calyx; filaments thick, awl- Madagascar, Barraldeia. Shrub 6 feet.
shaped, hairy. Ovary 4-lobed. Style wanting. Stigmas. 4, Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit this shrub,
awl-shaped, erect. Capsules 4, roundish, opening at the apex. and ripened cuttings will root in sand under a hand-glass, in
Seeds shining, arillate. -A tree, with impari-pinnate smooth heat.
leaves. Flowers whitish, disposed in large, subterminal, tricho-
tomous panicles. This genus will probably come near to Zan- ORDER LX. SIMARU'BEÆ (plants agreeing with Sima-
thóxylum.
ruba in important characters), Rich. anal. fru. p. 21. D. C. diss.
1 T. TRICHOʻTOMUM (Lour. 1. c.) h.G. Native of the moun-
tains of Cochin-china. Brucea trichotoma, Spreng. syst. 1. p.
ochn. in ann. mus. 17. p. 423. D. C. prod. 1. p. 733.—Rutàceæ,
441. Leaflets quite entire.
Tribe Simarubeæ, Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 512.
Trichotomous-racemed Tetradium. Fl. April, May. Clt. Flowers hermaphrodite, rarely of separate sexes from abor-
1822. Tree 20 feet.
tion, regular. Calyx of 4 or 5 permanent sepals, hardly con-
Cult. See Brucea for cultivation and propagation.
nected at the base. Petals 4 or 5, longer than the calyx, spread-
LIII. PHILAGO‘NIA (meaning unknown). Blume, ex Nees ing, but sometimes conniving into a tube, twisted in the bud,
in flora, 1825. p. 125. D. C. prod. 2, p. 90. Andr. Juss. in
alternating with the sepals, caducous. Stamens double the num-
mem. mus. 12.
p.
521.
ber of the petals, sometimes longer, at other times shorter, than
Lin. syst. Dioècia, Tetrandria. Flowers dioecious. Calyx them ; filaments each rising from the back of a hairy hypogy-
LIN
small, 4-toothed. Petals 4, 3 times longer than the calyx,
nous scale. Anthers birimose. Ovaries 4-5, seated on the gy-
spreading, inserted under the disk, valvate in the bud. Male
flowers. Stamens 4, hypogynous, shorter than the petals. Disknophore, which bears the stamens at the base, each ovary con-
4
annular, obsolete. Female flowers. Filaments 4, without an-
taining only a single ovula. Styles 4-5, emanating from the
thers. Ovary depressed, globose, 4-celled, each cell containing tops of the ovaries, connected in one, terminated by a single
2 ovulæ. Style short, terminated by a large peltate stigma. 4-5-lobed stigma, with the lobes distinct or connate. Drupes
Fruit capsular tetragonal, 4-furrowed, 4-celled, 8-seeded. Seeds
4-5, or fewer from abortion, disposed in a whorl on a common
angular.-A tree, with impari-pinnate leaves without dots.
Bark and fruit aromatic. This genus will probably come near
receptacle, indehiscent. Seeds pendulous with a membranous
to Toddàlia and Zanthoxylum.
integument. Embryo without albumen, and with a short
supe-
1 P. PRO'CERA (Blume, 1. c.) K.S. Native of Java. rior radicle retracted between the cotyledons. Trees or shrubs,
Lofty Philagonia. Tree 60 feet.
Leaves without stipulas, alternate for the most part, pinnate,
Cult. See Toddàlia for cultivation and propagation.
very rarely simple; leaflets alternate or opposite, without dots.
LIV. ASAPHE'S (from acaons, asaphes, obscure ; the genus
Peduncles axillary or terminal ; panicles racemose or umbellate;
is not well known). D. C. prod. 2. p. 90. Bóscia, Thunb. nov.
.
. pedicels furnished with bracteas. Flowers white, greenish, or
gen. ups. 1798. but not of Lam. Andr. Juss. in mem, mus. 12. purplish. This order differs from Rutàceæ in the seeds being
destitute of perisperm, with a membranous covering instead, and
Lin. syst. Tetra-Pentándria, Trigynia. Calyx very short,
4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, linear. Stamens 4-5, hypogynous,
in the radicle being as if it were retracted between the thick
shorter than the petals. Ovary free. Styles and stigmas 3.
-
cotyledons, and in each ovary containing only a single ovula.
Capsules pea-shaped, umbilicate, 4-furrowed, 4-celled, 4-valved, It differs from Ochnàceæ in having more styles than one, rising
4-seeded.- A shrub, with the appearance of a Rhus. Leaves from the tops of the ovaries, and in the ovula being suspended,
alternate, stalked, ternate, rarely binate, but more rarely with not erect from the base of the cell, as well as in the anthers
the lower ones simple, full of parallel nerves. Flowers panicled, opening by 2 chinks, not by ? pores at the apex. All the
,
2
terminal, very minute. This genus will probably come near to
Vèpris.
plants belonging to this order have an intensely bitter bark,
i B. UNDULA'TA (Thunb. fl. cap. 1. p. 576.) h. G. Native of a milky juice, and pinnate leaves. The Simarùba officinalis is
the Cape of Good Hope.
well known as the most powerful bitter hitherto discovered, the
p. 521.

SIMARUBEÆ. I. QUASSIA. II. SIMARUBA,
809
a
a
-
same property exists, but in a milder degree, in the rest of the consideration, this secret was disclosed to Daniel Rolander, a
order.
Swede, who brought specimens of the Quassia-wood to Stock-
Synopsis of the
holm in the year 1756 ; and since that time the effects of this
genera.
drug have been very generally tried in Europe, and numerous
1 Quaʼssia. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals 5, conniving testimonies of its efficacy published by many respectable authors.
QUA
,
into a tube. Stamens 10.
Stamens 10. Ovaries 5.
Its antiseptic powers have been submitted to various trials, from
2 SIMARU'BA. Flowers monoecious. Petals 5, spreading.
which it has been concluded that it has considerable influence
in retarding the tendency to putrefaction; which, in Professor
Stamens 5-10. Ovaries 5.
3 Sima'ba. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals 4-5, spreading. Murray's opinion, cannot be attributed to its sensible qualities, as
. it
Stamens 8-10. Ovaries 4-5.
Gentian is much more bitter, but less antiseptic. The medicinal
4 SAMADERA. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals 4. Stamens virtues ascribed to Quássia are those of a tonic, stomachic, an-
8. Ovaries 4, seated on a stipe-formed torus.
tiseptic, and febrifuge; it has been found very effectual in re-
storing the tone of the stomach, producing appetite for food,
+ Genera allied to Simardbee.
assisting digestion, expelling flatulency, and removing habitual
5 Nìma. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals 5.
Petals 5. Stamens 5.
costiveness, produced from debility of the intestines, common to
a sedentary life. Dr. Lettsom observes, that in hysterical
Ovaries 5, joined.
atomy, to which the female sex is so prone, the Quássia affords
6 HarrisÒNIA. Flowers hermaphrodite. Petals 4. Stamens more vigour and relief to the system than the Peruvian bark,
8. Ovary simple, tapering to the base.
especially when united with the vitriolum album, and still more
with the aid of some absorbent. In dyspepsia, arising from
I. QUA’SSIA (Quassi, the name of a negro slave who first hard drinking, and also in diarrhoeas, he exhibited the Quassia
used the bark of Q. amàra as a febrifuge). D. C. diss. ochn. with great success. Although he does not concur in opinion
in ann. mus. 17. p. 423. prod. 1. p. 733. Andr. Juss. in mem. with Linnæus, who says, me quidem judice chinchinam longé
mus. 12. p. 513. t. 27. no. 44. Quássia, spec. Lin. Juss. Gært. superat,” yet he has met with several instances of low remittent
Rich.
and nervous fevers, the symptoms of which the bark uniformly ag-
Lin. syst. Decándria, Pentagynia. Flowers hermaphrodite. gravated, though administered in intermissions the most favourable
Calyx small, short, 5-parted. Petals 5, much longer than the to its success, in which Quássia or Snake-root was successfully
calyx, connected into a tube. Stamens 10, longer than the petals. substituted. Dr. Cullen says (Mat. med. vol. 2. p. 174.)“I believe
Ovaries 5, seated on a broader gynophore. Styles 5, rather Quássia to be an excellent bitter, and that it will do all that any
distinct at the base, but connected in one towards the top, very pure and simple bitter can do ; but our experience of it in this
long, terminated by a 5-furrowed stigma. Fruit 5, drupa-
Fruit 5, drupa- country does not lead us to think that it will do more; and the ex-
ceous.-A tree with alternate, impari-pinnate, smooth leaves, traordinary commendations given are to be ascribed to the partiality
quite entire, opposite leaflets, and winged petioles. Flowers so often shewn to new medicines.” It is said to have been given,
large, scarlet, disposed in simple or branched terminal racemes; combined with nitric acid, with evident benefit in typhus, and also
pedicels jointed a little under the apex, each bearing 2 brac- in fluor-albus. It may be given in infusion or decoction, which
teas.
is the best form of administering it; or in pills, made from the
1 Q. AMA'RA (Lin. fil. suppl. 235. Lodd. bot. cab. 172. watery extract. The infusion is prepared by macerating for two
Curt. bot. mag. t. 497. Woodv. med. bot. t. 77. Lin. amoen. hours, in a lightly covered vessel, a scruple of quassia-wood,
acad. 6. p. 421. t. 429.) K.S. Native of Surinam, Guiana, chipped, in half a pint of boiling water, and straining it. In
Cayenne, Antilles, and the island of Trinidad, in woods. Pe-
Pe- hysteria this may be combined with purgatives and tincture of
tioles of leaves reddish. Flowers about an inch long. The valerian ; in atonic gout, with aromatics; and in dyspeptic affec-
bitter Quássia is the produce of this tree, whose wood is more tions with chalybeates, sulphate of zinc, or mineral acids. The
powerful than any of the other genera belonging to this dose is from f. 3j. to f. 3iij. given twice or thrice a-day. The
order ; but being very rare and of small bulk, its place is tincture is prepared by digesting for seven days an ounce of
usually supplied by Simarùba excélsa. The wood, bark, and chips of quassia-wood in two pints of proof spirit, and then
root are all comprehended in the catalogues of the Materia straining. This may be used in the same cases as the infusion.
Medica; and it is observed that the leaves, flowers, &c. possess It is asserted that the brewers have, of late years, used quassia-
similar qualities. The roots, being perfectly ligneous, may be wood instead of hops. Beer made with it certainly does not
considered medicinally in the same light with the wood, which keep, says Thompson, but soon becomes muddy and flat, has a
is now most generally employed, and seems to differ from the mawkish taste, and runs into the acetous fermentation. It is
bark in being less intensely bitter, so that the latter is thought consequently less nutritious and wholesome than that which is
to be a more powerful medicine. Quássia has no sensible odour; properly hopped. Woodv. mat. med. Thompson's lond. disp.
its taste is that of pure bitter, more intense and durable than It subjects those brewers who employ it to a heavy penalty.
that of any other substance, and imparts its virtues more com- Quassia-wood evidently has a narcotic power, from its being used
pletely to watery than to spirituous menstrua, and its infusions to poison flies.
are not blackened by the addition of partial vitriol. When the Bitter Quassia. Fl. June, July. Clt. 1790. Tree 20 feet.
infusion is evaporated to dryness, it -leaves a brownish-yellow, Cult. Loam and sand is the best mixture for this tree, and
somewhat transparent, brittle extract, which has been regarded ripened cuttings, with the leaves not shortened, will root in sand,
as a vegetable constituent sui generis, and named the bitter prin- under a hand-glass, in heat.
ciple. (Edinb. phil. trans. 3. p. 207.)
Quássia derived its name, as has been already observed, from
a negro named Quassi (by Termin written Coissi, and by Ro- II. SIMARU'BA (Simarouba is the Caribbean name of S. offi-
lander Quass) who employed the wood with uncommon success cinàlis). Aubl. guian. 2. p. 856. D. C. prod. 1. p. 733. Andr.
1 p
as a secret remedy in the malignant, endemic fevers, which fre- Juss. in mem, mus. 12. p. 514. t. 27. no. 44.
quently prevailed at Surinam. In consequence of a valuable LIN, SYST. Monoècia, Octo-Decándria. Flowers of separate
5 L
VOL. I.

810
.
SIMARUBEÆ. III. SIMABA.
. II. SIMARUBA. -
a
h. S.
sexes. Calyx small, cup-shaped, 5-toothed. Petals 5, spread- says that the Cortex-simaruba produced these effects sooner
ing. Male flowers. Stamens 10, rarely 8, equal in length to the and more certainly than when given in such quantity as to nau-
petals, inserted around the base of a very minute gynophore. Fe- seate the stomach. Dr. Huck Saunders remarks, that if the
male flowers. Ovaries 5, seated on an equal 5-lobed gynophore, Simarùba did not give relief in three days, he expected little
which is surrounded at the base by short hairy scales, or abor- benefit from its further use; but others have found it effica-
tive stamens. Styles 5, short, distinct at the base, but connected cious in fluxes, after a continued use for several weeks. Sir
in one at the top, crowned by a single 5-lobed stigma. Fruit James Smith's own experience convinces him of the efficacy of
5, drupaceous.-Trees with alternate, pinnate leaves, and alter- this medicine, and he hopes that the Simarùba-bark will soon be
nate, quite entire leaflets, which are shining above. Racemules
more generally used than it is.
furnished each with a bractea-like leaf, disposed in axillary and Dr. Wright recommends two drachms of the bark to be boiled
terminal panicles; pedicels furnished with bracteas.
. Flowers in twenty-four ounces of water to twelve; the decoction is then
small, hoary, or greenish, with their edges sometimes purple. to be strained, and divided into three equal parts, the whole of
Leaves, wood, bark, and root intensely bitter.
which is to be taken in twenty-four hours, and when the stomach
1 S. OFFICINA'LIS (D. C. in annal
. mus. 17. p. 424. no. 1.) is reconciled to this medicine, the quantity of the bark may be
)
flowers monoecious; male ones decandrous ; stigma 5-lobed ; increased to three drachms. To this decoction some join aro-
leaves abruptly pinnate; leaflets on short petioles, pubescent matics, others a few drops of laudanum to each dose.—Dr. Cullen
beneath. n. S.
h.s. Native of South America, particularly in says, that the virtues ascribed to Simaruba have not been ascer-
Guiana, Cayenne, and some of the West India islands, in sandy tained by his own experience, or that of the practitioners of
places. Quássia Simaruba, Lin. suppl. 234. Woodv. med. bot. Scotland. Woodv. med. bot. It is given in powder, in doses of
t. 76. Lam. ill. t. 343. f. 2. Simarùba amàra, Aubl. guian. half a drachm or a whole drachm; but it is too bulky and very
t. 331. Flowers small, yellowish-white, monoecious, but some difficultly pulverizable. It is best exhibited in decoction. Two
authors
say dioecious. The tree is known in Jamaica by the drachms of the bark may be boiled in two pounds of water to
names of Bitter Damson, Mountain Damson, and Slave-wood. Si- one, and the decoction drunk in cup-fulls in the course of the
marouba or Simaruba, in Materia Medica, is the bark of the day. (Duncan, edin. disp. p. 452.)
roots of this tree; it was first imported into Europe in 1713. Officinal Simaruba. Clt. 1789. Tree 60 feet.
This bark, according to Dr. Wright's account of it, is rough, 2 S. GLAU'CA (D. C. in ann. mus. 17. p. 324. no. 2.) flowers
scaly, and warted, the inside, when fresh, is a full yellow, but monoecious ; male ones decandrous; stigma 5-parted ; leaves ab-
when dry paler ; it has but little smell; the taste is bitter, but ruptly-pinnate; leaflets on short petioles, smooth, glaucous.
not disagreeable. Macerated in water, or rectified spirits, it
Native of the Island of Cuba, by the sea-side.
quickly impregnates both menstrua with its bitterness, and with H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 16. This species is
a yellow tincture. It seems to give out its virtue more perfectly usually confused with the preceding. The glutinous juice of
to cold than to boiling water ; the cold infusion being rather the bark is exhibited in cutaneous diseases.
stronger in taste than the decoction, which last is of a trans- Glaucous-leaved Simaruba. Tree 40 feet.
parent yellow colour whilst hot, grows turbid and of a reddish- 3 S. EXCE'LSA (D. C. in ann. mus. 17. p. 424. no. 3.) flowers
brown as it cools. The milky appearance, which Jussieu says polygamous, pentandrous, panicled; stigma trifid ; leaves impari-
it communicates to boiling water, Dr. Wright has not observed pinnate; leaflets opposite, stalked. h. S. Native of Jamaica, in
in the decoction of any of the specimens he has examined. woods on the lower mountains, and of other West India islands.
The bark was first sent from Guiana to France in 1713, to Quássia excelsa, Swartz in act. holm. 1788. p. 302. t. 8. Quássia
the Count de Pornchartrain, then secretary of state, as a remedy polygama, Wright in edinb. phil. trans. vol. 3. According to
of great efficacy in dysentery. In the years 1718 and 1723, an the specific character, this plant will probably constitute a dis-
epidemic flux prevailed very generally in France, which resisted
The tree is lofty, with a very straight trunk; the
all the medicines usually employed in such cases ; small doses wood whitish, moderately close-grained, very bitter, frequently
of ipecacuanha, mild purgatives, and all astringents, were found sold by the druggists for the Quássia amàra, and found useful
to aggravate, rather than to relieve, the disease ; under these in intermittent fevers, debility of the stomach, worms, dropsy,
circumstances, recourse was had to the cortex-simaruba, which and chlorosis. The wood is also used for making cabinets, for
proved remarkably successful, and first established its medical preserving insects, or other natural curiosities; being supposed
character in Europe. Dr. Wright says, most authors, who inaccessible to insects and worms. Clusters panicled, bearing
have written on the Simaruba agree, that in fluxes it restores numerous small pale-flowers, some male, the rest hermaphro-
the lost tone of the intestines, allays their spasmodic motions,
dite.
promotes the secretions by urine and perspiration, removes the Lofty Simaruba. Clt. 1818. Tree 60 feet.
lowness of the spirits attending dysenteries, and disposes the 4 S. VERSI'COLOR (St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. no. 5. and A. bras.
patient to sleep; the gripes and tenesmus are taken off. In a 1. p. 70.) flowers dioecious, decandrous, in loose terminal pa-
moderate dose it occasions no disturbance or uneasiness, but in nicles ; leaflets elliptical-oblong, very blunt, retuse, with the
large doses it produces sickness at the stomach, and vomiting." mid-rib pubescent.
Native of Brazil, in the pro-
Modern physicians have found from experience, that this vince of Minas Geraes, where it is called Paraiba. Quássia ver-
medicine is only successful in the third stage of dysentery, where sícolor, Spreng. syst. app. p. 163. Petals greenish-yellow, with
there is no fever, where too the stomach is no way hurt, and purple edges. The inhabitants of the Rio St. Francisco regard
where the gripes and tenesmus are only continued by a weakness the bark as very bitter. It is employed with great success
of the bowels. In such cases Dr. Munro gave two or three in curing the bites of serpents. It is also used to cure pedi-
drops of laudanum, and found it a very useful remedy. The culous diseases, both in men and horses.
late Sir J. Pringle, Dr. Huck Saunders, and many others pre- Party-coloured-flowered Simaruba. Tree 30 feet.
scribed the Cortex-simaruba in old and obstinate dysenteries Cult. See Quássia for culture and propagation, p. 810.
and diarrhoeas, especially those brought from warm climates,
Fluxes of this sort, which were brought home from the siege of III. SIMA'BA (the name of S. Guianensis in Guiana). St.
Martinique and the Havannah, were completely and speedily Hil. bull. phil. 1823. p. 129.
Hil. bull. phil. 1823. p. 129. D. C. prod. 1. p. 733. Andr.
cured by this bark. Dr. James Lind, at Haslar Hospital, Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 515. t. 27. no. 45. Simàba et Aruba,
a
tinct genus.
h. S.
.
.
1

SIMARUBEÆ. III. SIMABA. IV. SAMADERA. V. NIMA. VI. HARRISONIA.
811
-
-
gen, mad.
Aubl. guian. 1. p. 400 and 293. Zwingèra, Schreb. gen. no. loam and peat suits them well, and ripened cuttings will root if
1752. Phyllostémma, Neck.-Quássia species, Rich.
planted in a pot of sand with a hand-glass placed over them,
LIN. syst. Octo-Decandria, Monogynia. Flowers herma-
in heat.
phrodite. Calyx small, 4-5-parted, cleft or toothed. Petals 4-5,
broad at the base, spreading, much longer than the calyx. Stamens IV. SAMADERA (meaning unknown). Gært. fruct. 2.
8-10, a little shorter than the petals. Ovaries equal in number p. 352. t. 156. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 516. t. 27.
to the petals, rarely fewer, seated on an equal or broader gyno- no. 46.-Samandùra, Lin. fl. zeyl.—Locandra, Adans.-Vitt-
phore. Styles 4-5, distinct at the base, but connected at the mannia, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 51. t. 62.-Niota, Lam. ill. t. 299. .
top, terminated by a single 4-5-lobed, toothed, or furrowed D. C. prod. 1. p. 592. but not of Adans. Biporèia, Pet. Th.
stigma. Fruit 4-5, drupaceous; drupes usually dry, 1-seeded. .
.
p. 14.-Mauduíta, Comm. mss.
-Trees or shrubs, with alternate, ternate, abruptly or impari- Lin. syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite.
pinnate leaves, sometimes, but seldom, simple, on the same Calyx short, 4-parted. Petals 4, much longer than the calyx.
branch ; leaflets opposite, rarely subalternate, quite entire, for
;
Stamens 8, shorter than the petals. Ovaries. 4, seated on a nar-
the most part coriaceous, shining, seldom pubescent. Flowers rower, short, stipe-like gynophore. Styles 4, distinct at the
whitish, greenish, or somewhat yellowish flesh-coloured, axillary, base, but connected in one at the apex, much longer than the
but usually terminal, racemose or panicled ; pedicels furnished petals, ending in a single acute stigma. Fruit 4, connected into
with bracteas. Bark, leaves, and fruit bitter.
one drupe.—Trees, with alternate, simple, veiny leaves. Pe-
1 S. GUIANE'NSIS (Aubl. guian. 1. p. 400. t. 153.) leaves im- duncles axillary or terminal, pendulous, terminating in a 5-12-
pari-pinnate, with 1 or 2 pairs of oval-oblong leaflets, taper- flowered umbel, involucrated, with minute bracteas at the base.
pointed at both ends, and emarginate at the apex; racemes axil- Flowers largish, white outside, and blood-coloured on the in-
lary. h. S. Native of Guiana, in woods. Zwingèra amara, side. Divers parts bitter. A fifth part is sometimes added to
Willd. spec. 2. p. 569. Flowers white, usually 4-cleft. The the flower.
bark of this tree is bitter, and most probably possesses the same 1 S. TETRAPE'TALA ; flowers 4-petalled, octandrous ; leaves
medicinal qualities as Quassia amàra, and Simarùba excélsa. oblong, obtuse, somewhat coriaceous; pericarp compressed, cap-
Guiana Simaba. Fl. June.
Fl. June. Clt. 1826. Shrub 8 feet. sule-like; peduncles few-flowered. h. S. Native of Mada-
2 S. ORINOCE'NSIS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 18. gascar. Niota tetrapetala, Lam. ill. t. 299. S. Madagasca-
t. 514. a et b.) leaves sometimes trifoliate, with the leaflets riensis, Andr. Juss. 1. c. Mauduíta penduliflòra, Comm. ined.
rising sometimes from the top of the petiole, sometimes abruptly Vittmánnia ellíptica, Vahl. symb. 3. p. 51. t. 62. Peduncles
pinnate, with 1-3 pairs of oblong obtuse leaflets; racemes lateral, bearing at the apex 5 or 6 1-flowered pedicels, disposed
terminal
. h. S. Native on the banks of the Orinoco, near in an umbel.
Carichana.
Four-petalled Samadera. Shrub 10 feet.
Orinoco Simaba. Clt. 1818. Tree 20 feet.
2 S. PENTAPE'TALA; flowers 3-5-petalled, but usually 4-pe-
3 S. FLORIBU'NDA (St. Hil. bull. phil. 1823. p. 129. pl. rem. talled, with an equal number of stamens ; peduncles many-
bras. 1. p. 126. t. 10.) leaves impari-pinnate ; leaflets lanceolate- flowered, umbellate ; pericarp very thick, drupe-like. . S.
elliptical, oblong, bluntish, smooth; panicle large, compound. Native of the East Indies, particularly of Malabar. Niðta pen-
h.s. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Novas. tapétala, Poir. dict. 4. p. 490.-Karin-njotti, Rheed. mal. 6. t.
Bundle-flowered Simaba. Shrub.
18. Fruit intensely bitter, as well as the bark.
4 S. SUAVE'OLENS (St. Hil. in bull. philom. p. 12. pl. rem. Five-petalled Samadera. Tree 40 feet.
bras. 1. p. 128. t. 11. A.) leaves abruptly-pinnate, upper ones
Cult. See Simàba for culture and propagation.
sometimes trifoliate and simple ; leaflets elliptical or roundish-
elliptical, smooth; flowers terminal, racemose ; racemes com- V. NI'MA (the name of the tree in Nipaul). Hamilt. mss. in
pound. H. S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 248. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12.
Geraes.
p. 516. Simàba spec. D. Don, 1. c.
Sweet-scented Simaba. Fl. March. Shrub.
LIN. syst. Pentándria, Pentagynia. Flowers hermaphrodite.
5 S. FERRUGINEA (St. Hil. 1. c. and pl. rem. bras. 1. p. Calyx 5-parted, permanent. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens 5;
127. fl. bras. 1. p. 72. t. 14.) leaves impari-pinnate; leaflets filaments dilated at the base. Ovaries 5, connected together,
elliptical, pubescent
, nerved beneath ; panicle compound, almost pilose, seated on the thick disk beneath the petals. Styles 5,
sessile, shorter than the leaves. h.s. Native of Brazil, in the
nS.
connected at the base, but distinct and revolute at the apex, each
,
province of Minas Geraes. Branches and leaves clothed with terminated by a stigma. Capsules 5, or fewer from abortion,
rusty pubescence.
roundish, 1-seeded. Embryo large, without albumen. -A tree,
Rusty Simaba. Fl. Sept.
Fl. Sept. Tree 20 feet.
with alternate impari-pinnate leaves, having 4 pairs of serrated
6 S. TRICHILIONDES (St. Hil. l. c. and pl. rem. bras. 1. p. leaflets. Flowers disposed in panicled corymbs.
129. t. 11. B.) leaves impari-pinnate or abruptly pinnate; leaf- 1 N. QUASSIOÌDES (Hamilt. mss.) h. G. Native of Nipaul, in
lets elliptical, very blunt, mucronulate at the apex, nerved, pu- a valley near the town called Thankot. Leaflets elliptical-oblong,
bescent above, and somewhat tomentose beneath ; panicle simple, acuminated, serrated. Corymbs trichotomous. Simàba quas-
much longer than the leaves, clothed with rufous down. nis. siodes, D. Don, prod. fl. nep. p. 248.
Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes.
Quassia-like Nima. Fl. April. Tree.
Trichilia-like Simaba. Fl. May.
Fl. May. Shrub 8 feet.
Cult. See Simàba for cultivation and propagation.
7 S. ARUBA (St. Hil. mss.) leaves trifoliate; leaflets lan-
ceolate, acuminated; racemes terminal.
Native of VI. HARRISO'NIA (named after some botanist of the name
French Guiana. Aruba Guianensis, Aubl. guian. 1. p. 293. t. of Harrison). R. Br. mss. Andr. Juss. in mem. mus. 12. p. 517.
115. Flowers greenish, of 5 or 6 petals. Calyx 5-6-parted. Ova-
no. 47.
ries 3-6. Stamens 5-8.
Lin. syst. Octándria, Monogynia. Flowers hermaphrodite.
Aruba Simaba. Fl. July.
Fl. July. Shrub 6 feet.
Calyx short, 4-cleft. Petals 4, much longer than the calyx.
Cult. The species of this genus are only worth cultivating Stamens 8 ; filaments each inserted on the back of a bifid, fringed
on account of their medical properties; a mixture of light turfy scale. Ovary simple, tapering to the base into a stipe, 4-lobed
h. S.
5 L 2

812
SIMARUBEÆ. VI. HARRISONIA. DIPTEROCARPEÆ. I. DIPTEROCARPUS.
at the apex, 4-celled, each cell containing 1-ovula. Style rising 2 SHòREA. Calyx of 5 sepals, all of which are extended into
from between the lobes of the ovary, divided in 4 at the base, but wings. Petals 5. Stamens 25-30. Anthers short. Fruit 1 -
at length simple, terminated by a blunt stigma, which is obscurely
seeded.
4-furrowed. Fruit baccate, globose, 4-lobed, 4-celled; each cell
3 DRYOBA'LANOPS. Calyx 5-cleft, all the segments growing
containing one seed, sometimes sterile. Seed subglobose, pendu-
lous from the apex of the cell, having a double integument,
into broad reflexed wings. Petals 5. Anthers ? Fruit l-
?
marked at the hilum. Embryo green, with twisted cotyledons, seeded.
without albumen.-A shrub, with alternate leaves, those at the
4 HÒPEA. Calyx of 5 sepals, 2 of them lengthened into
top of the branches are simple, the rest are ternate; leaflets
toothed at the base, lateral ones smallest, and unequal. Pe-
wings. Corolla 5-cleft. Stamens 10, inserted in the tube of
duncles axillary, solitary, simple at the base, but divided at the
the corolla, alternate ones bearing 2 anthers each. Anthers short.
top into a corymb; pedicels furnished with twin bracteas. Capsule 1-seeded.
Prickles scattered on the branches, rarely twin at the base of the 5 Vate'RIA. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens 40-50. An-
VATE
petioles.
thers long, linear. Capsule 1-seeded.
1 H. BRÓWNII (Andr. Juss. in mem, mus. 12. t. 28. no. 47.)
ħ.S. Native of the island of Timor.
§ 2. Radicle inferior.
Brown's Harrisonia. Shrub 10 feet.
Cult. See Simdba for culture and propagation.
6 LophìRA. Calyx of 5 sepals, 3 small, and one very long,
large, and strap-shaped, the one opposite this is 3 times
ORDER LXI. DIPTEROCA'RPEÆ (plants agreeing in smaller. Petals 5. Stamens numerous. Anthers linear ? Fruit
character with Dipterocarpus). Blum. fl. jav. vol. 1. p. 1.-
1-seeded.
Guttiferarum sectio Colebr. in asiat. res. 12.-Tiliàceæ, Spreng.
Calyx of 5 leaflets or segments, for the most part concrete at
§ 1. Dipterocarpa. Radicle superior.
the base (f. 125. a.), rarely free, valvate or imbricate in æstiva-
tion. Petals 5 (f. 125. b.), hypogynous, joined into a subro-
I. DIPTEROCARPUS (from dis, dis, twice, and prepvě,
tate corolla, twisted in æstivation (f. 125. d.). Stamens usually pterys, a wing, and captos, karpos, a fruit ; in allusion to two
of the segments of the calyx being extended into long wings (f.
indefinite (f. 125. c.), hypogynous, free or connected a little at
125.f.). Gært. fruct, suppl. p. 50 and 52. Roxb. cor. 3. p.
the base, sometimes irregularly polyadelphous; filaments di- 10. Blum. fl. jav. vol. 1. Pterýgium, Corr. in ann. mus. 8. p.
lated at the base; anthers erect, elongated (f. 125. c.), awl- 397 and 398.
LIN. SYST.
shaped, 2-celled, bursting at the apex by 2 pores. Ovary one,
Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx irregularly 5-
cleft (f. 125. a.), 2 of the segments are extended into long and
free, few-celled ; cells 2-ovulate. Ovulæ pendulous, fixed to the
;
ligulate wings (f. 125.f.). Petals 5 (f. 125. b.), convolute in
inner angle of the cells. Style 1, undivided, crowned by a sim-
æstivation (f. 125. d.). Anthers long, linear (f. 125. c.). Fruit
ple stigma. Fruit girded by a thick corticate pericarp (f. 125. rather woody (f. 125 e.), l-celled, 1-seeded from abortion.
e.), and by a more or less extended calyx (f. 125. f.), 1-celled Cotyledons leafy, contortuplicate. Large trees, containing resi-
and 1-seeded from abortion, 3-valved, indehiscent. Seeds with-
nous juice. Flowers shewy white, mixed with red.
out albumen, umbilicate at the base. Embryo with chrysalis- leaves oval, acutish, rounded at the base, and are, as well as the
1 D. TRINE'rvis (Blum. fl. jav. 1. p. 11. t. 1. bijdr. 223.)
like contortuplicate, or unequally and obliquely incumbent coty-- linear attenuated buds, smooth; the two largest segments of
ledons, and an inferior or superior radicle.-Elegant trees, full the calyx very long, oblong-lanceolate, and obtuse. h. S. Na-
of resinous turbid juice. Leaves stalked, alternate, entire,
tive of Java.
feather-nerved, articulately inserted, involute before expansion.
Var. ß, élegans (Blum. 1. c.) leaves subcordate at the base,
longer than the buds.
Stipulas oblong, deciduous, convolute, as in Ficus, and therefore
7,
canéscens (Blum. I. c.) leaves smaller, hoary on the rib
the branches are terminated by a conical acumen, which at length beneath ; racemes elongated.
divides and falls off. Peduncles racemose, axillary, near the tops Three-nerved-leaved Dipterocarpus. Tree 150 to 200 feet.
of the branches, or constituting a terminal racemose panicle. 2 D. RETU'SUS (Blum. fl. java, 1. p. 4. t. 2. bijdr. 223.) leaves
Flowers yellow or white, mixed with red. This order agrees
oval, acute, pubescent on the rib beneath, as well as the petioles
with Ochnàceæ in the anthers being terminated by a beak, and
and branches; buds conically-subulate, villous ; the 2 largest
segments of the calyx oblong and retuse. h.S. Native of Java.
opening by two pores, by their unilocular fruit, by the absence
Retuse-winged Dipterocarpus. Tree 100 feet.
of albumen, and lastly by their alternate leaves, furnished with 3 D. SPANOʻGHEI (Blum. fl. jav. 1. p. 16. t. 3.) leaves ovate,
membranous caducous stipulas. The order is remarkable for blu
bluntish, rounded at the base, pubescent on the ribs beneath, as
containing the camphor tree of Sumatra, and many others of the
well as the petioles and branches; buds conical, attenuated, vil-
lous; the 2 longest segments of the calyx oblong and obtuse.
species produce camphor, although of an inferior quality,
h.S. Native of Java.
Spanoghe’s Dipterocarpus. Tree 100 feet.
Synopsis of the Genera.
4. D. Littora'lis (Blum. fl. jav. 1. p. 17. t. 4, bijdr. 224.)
§ 1. Radicle superior.
leaves oval, acute, subcordate at the base, pubescent on the ribs ;
1 DIPTEROCA'RPUS. Calyx 5-cleft (f. 125. a.), 2 of the seg-
buds conically-oblong, silky-villous; the 2 longest segments of
the calyx lanceolate and obtuse. n. S. Native of Java.
ments are very large, long, and opposite (f. 125. f.). Petals 5
Shore Dipterocarpus. Tree 80 feet.
(f. 125. b.). Stamens numerous (f. 125. c.). Anthers long, 5 D. GRACILIS (Blum. A. jav. 1. p. 20. t. 5. bijdr. 224.)
linear (f. 125. c.). Fruit 1-seeded (f. 125. e.).
leaves oval-oblong, acute, obtuse at the base, covered with stel-
-
Var.

DIPTEROCARPEÆ. I. DIPTEROCARPUS. II. SHOREA. III. DNYOBALANOPS.
813
ai
d
fi
e
-
-
late pubescence beneath; buds linear, tomentose ; the 2 longest timber tree of India, as the teak is considered the first. This
segments of the calyx obtuse. h.s. Native of Java.
tree yields large quantities of a resin commonly called Dammer
Slender-budded Dipterocarpus. Tree 100 to 150 feet. in India, which is very generally used as a substitute for pitch
6 D. TURBINA'TUS (Roxb. cor.
FIG, 125.
in the marine yard. The best pieces are commonly used in-
3. p. 10. t. 213.) leaves ovate-ob-
stead of the common incense (Benzoin) in the temples of the
long, entire or serrated, smooth
Hindoos.
and shining, acute, but rounded at
Robust Shorea. Tree 100 to 150 feet.
the base; buds conically-lanceo-
2 S. RoxbU'RGHII; smooth; leaves coriaceous, oval, rather
late, downy; the 2 longest segments
emarginate at the point; calyx smooth, as well as branches of
of the calyx lanceolate, obtuse.
panicle. h.S. Native of the East Indies. Differs from S.
h. S.
Native of Chittagong,
robústa in being smooth.
Tepperah, and Pegu, and the coun-
Roxburgh's Shorea. Tree 100 feet.
tries northward of Bengal. Flow-
ers white. This tree is famous
of Species the names of which are only known from Roxburgh's
over the eastern parts of India and
hortus bengalensis.
the Malay islands, on account of
3 S. TUMBUGGA'IA (Roxb.) from Coromandel.
its yielding a thin liquid balsam,
4 S. LONGISPE'RMA (Roxb.) from Prince of Wales Island.
commonly called Wood-oil, which
5 S. TALU'RA (Roxb.) from Ballaghat ?
is much used for painting ships
Cult. See Dipterocarpus for culture and propagation.
and houses in India. A large notch
is cut into the trunk of the tree
III. DRYOBA'LANOPS (opvov, dryon, a forest, and Balavos,
near the earth, where a fire is kept until the wound is charred, from Ballw, ballo, to let grow, incense; the resin is used as
soon after which the liquid begins to ooze out. A small gutter incense). Gært. fruct.—Coleb. in asiat. res. 12. p. 535. with a
A small
is cut in the wood to conduct the fluid into a vessel placed to figure.
receive it. These operations are performed during the months Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft, all the
of November, December, January, and February; and should segments growing into broad reflexed wings. Petals 5, convo-
any of the trees appear sickly the following season, one or more lute in the bud. Anthers ? Fruit 3-valved, 1-celled, 1-seeded.
years' respite is given them.
Cotyledons fleshy, contortuplicate.—A large tree, with panicles
Turbinate Dipterocarpus. Tree 100 to 150 feet.
of yellow flowers, and elliptic, obtusely acuminated, entire, coria-
7 D. ALA'TUS (Roxb. hort. beng. 42.) leaves ovate-elliptic, ceous, shining leaves, lower ones opposite, on short stalks. Sti-
tapering to both ends, pubescent on both surfaces as well as the pulas
awl-shaped.
branches and petioles ; the 2 large segments of calyx lanceolate 1 D. CAʼMPHORA (Colebr. in asiat. res. l. c.) h.S. Native
ånd obtuse. ħ.s. Native of Pegu.
of Sumatra and Borneo. D. aromàtica, Gært. Shòrea camphori-
Winged Dipterocarpus. Tree 100 feet.
fera, Roxb. Camphor is extracted from the Laúrus Cámphora,
with the aid of heat, but the natural camphor, in substance and
† Species only known by name from Roxburgh's hortus ben-
of the greatest value, is furnished by this tree. Some of the
galensis, p. 42. and
trees are 6 or 7 feet in diameter, but it will produce camphor at
8 D. costa'tus (Roxb. 1. c. p. 42.) Þ. S. Native of Chit- a much earlier period, when the tree does not exceed 2 or 21
tagong.
feet in diameter. The same tree which yields oil would have
9 Ď. INCA'NUS (Roxb. 1. c.) h.s. Native of Chittagong. produced camphor if unmolested, the former being supposed to
10 D. TUBERCULA'TUS (Roxb. l. c. p. 93.) h.S. Native of be the first stage of the latter forming, and is consequently
Chittagong
found in younger trees.
The natives have no certain means of
11 D. PILÒSus (Roxb. 1. c. p. 93.) h. S. Native of Mascal ascertaining the tree which produces either the one or the other,
Island.
although there are some men, styled Toongoo Nyr Cappoor, who
Cult. A mixture of loam, peat, and sand will suit these fine pretend to that knowledge, but they cannot give any reason for
and ripened cuttings will root if planted in a pot of sand their judgment, beyond favourable dreams which superstition
with a hand-glass placed over them, in heat.
has rendered infallible; but it must be admitted that this descrip-
tion of people succeed better than others who go in search of
II. SHO'REA (named in honour of the Right Hon. Lord camphor. Both oil and camphor are found in the heart of the
Teignmouth, late governor of Bengal). Gært. fruct. 3. p. 48. t.
p t tree, occupying a vacuum, which in others is frequently filled with
186. Roxb. cor. 3. p. 10. t. 212,
pitch; but it does not extend to the whole length, on the con-
LIN. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, en- trary they are found in small portions of a foot and a foot and a
larging into 5 long wings. Petals 5, twisted in the bud, rather half long at certain distances. The method of extracting the
silky on the outside. Stamens 25-30, lower half broad and oil is merely by making a deep incision with a Malay axe in the
membranous. Anthers short. Fruit 1-celled, 3-valved, l- tree about 18 inches from the ground till near the heart, where
seeded. Cotyledons fleshy, stalked, obliquely incumbent.—A a deeper incision is made, with a small aperture, and the oil, if
large tree, with panicles of yellow flowers.
any, in the tree gushes out, and is received in bamboos or any
1 S. ROBU'STA (Roxb.l.c.) leaves cordate, oblong, entire, smooth, other utensil ; in this manner a party proceeds through the woods
on short petioles; calyx pubescent, as well as the branches of the wounding the camphor trees, till they attain their object. The
panicle. h. S. Native of the skirts of the northern moun- camphor is pretty nearly obtained in the same way. The trees
tains of India. The wood of this tree is in very general use near are cut to the heart about the same height from the ground, as
Bengal for beams, rafters, and various economical purposes; it in the former instance, till the camphor is seen; hundreds may
is of an uniform light-brown colour, close grained, and heavy, be thus mutilated before the sought for tree is discovered.
but at the same time it does not appear to be very durable, and When attained, it is felled, and cut into junks of a fathom long,
on that account greatly inferior to teak, but in strength it cer- which are again split, and the camphor is found in the heart,
tainly surpasses it, and deserves to be considered the second occupying a space in circumference of the thickness of a man's
p. 93.
trees;
a
-
a

814 DIPTEROCARPEÆ. III. DRYOBALANOPS. IV. HOPEA. V. VATERIA. VI. LOPHIRA. OCHNACEÆ.
p. 80.
mens numerous.
nate.
arm.
The produce of a middle-sized tree is about 11 pounds, the best specimens of the gum are employed as ornaments un-
and of a large one double that quantity. The camphor thus der the name of amber (Kahroba), to which it bears exterior re-
found is called Se Tantong. It is often the case that the trees semblance. In its recent and fluid state it is used as a varnish
which have been thus cut, and left standing in that state, in 7 or in the south of India, and dissolved by heat in closed vessels it
8 years after will again produce camphor, which is distin- is employed for the same purpose in other parts of India.
guished by the name of Oogar, but is inferior in appear- Indian Copal-tree. Tree 80 feet.
ance to the first, though of the same quality. The sorts of 2 V. LANCEÆFÒLIA (Colebr. asiat. res. 12. p. 538.) leaves lan-
camphor called belly and foot are the scrapings of the wood ceolate. h. S. Native of the East Indies. This tree affords
which surrounds it. The camphor obtained from this tree a resin, from which, as from other resins, the Indians prepare
is much more pure than that obtained from any other plant. one of the materials of their religious oblations.
Camphor is also obtained from the roots of the Cinnamon, Alpi- Lance-leaved Copal-tree. Tree 60 feet.
nia, Galanga, Amòmum Zedoària, and several other plants ; Cult. See Dipterocarpus for cultivation and propagation.
but as the Laúrus Camphora furnishes nearly all the camphor
of the shops, we shall give the qualities and uses of camphor
§ 2. Lophire. Radicle inferior.
more particularly under that head.
VI. LOPHI'RA (from lopos, lophos, a crest; in allusion to
Sumatra Camphor-tree. Tree 100 feet.
one of the sepals being extended out into a ligulate wing or
Cult. See Dipterocarpus for culture and propagation. . crest). Gært. fruct. 3. p. 52 and 53. t. 188. Pers. ench. 2.
IV. HO‘PEA (in honour of John Hope, M.D. once pro- LIN. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, 3 of
fessor of botany at Edinburgh, who died in 1786; he was one which are very small, one very large, and ligulate with the one
of the earliest lecturers on vegetable physiology, as well as a opposite it, 3 times smaller than it. Corolla of 5 petals. Sta-
profound practical botanist). Roxb. cor. 3. p. 9. t. 210.
Anthers short? Fruit 1-celled, 1-seeded, in-
Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx of 5 sepals, 2 of dehiscent, fleshy, soft.—Shrubs and trees, with long leathery
which are extended into wings. Corolla 5-cleft, convolute in pale-green leaves, resembling those of Theophrásta, with ter-
æstivation. Stamens 10, inserted in the throat of the corolla, minal and axillary short racemes of white flowers.
alternate ones bearing each 2 anthers. Anthers short. Fruit 1 L. AFRICA'NA (Gært. I. c.) leaves long-lanceolate, emargi-
of a tender texture, 1-celled, 1-seeded.—A large tree, with ter-
his. Native of Sierra Leone, very common in dry
minal panicles of small, fragrant, yellow flowers.
places near Freetown, where it is called Scurby or Scruby oak.
1 H. ODORA'TA (Roxb. 1. c.) H. S. Native of Chittagong. A small branching tree.
Leaves on short stalks, ovate-oblong, shining, bifarious, waved, African Scruby-oak. Fl. Feb. Clt. 1822. Tree 10 to 15 ft.
smooth, of a deep green. Flowers secund along the ramifica- 2 L. SIMPLEX ; leaves long, lanceolate, obtuse at the apex.
.
tions of the panicle.
h.s. Native of Sierra Leone, on the mountains. This tree
Sweet-scented Hopea. Tree 80 feet.
grows with a tall, straight, slender trunk, without branches, but
with a tuft of leaves at the
apex.
+ Species only known by name from Roxb. hort. beng. p. 42.
Simple-stemmed Scruby-oak. Tree 30 feet.
and 93.
Cult. A mixture of loam and sand will suit these fine trees.
2 H. SCA'PHULA (Roxb. hort. beng. p. 93.) h. S. Native of The species have got tap roots, therefore they should be planted
Mascal Island.
in as deep pots as possible, in order to give room to the roots
3 H. EGLANDULÒSA (Roxb. 1. c. p. 42.) K.S. Native of to descend, or they will not live ; at the same time they require
Tipperah.
to be kept rather dry. Ripe cuttings will probably root in
Cult. See Dipterocarpus for propagation and cultivation. sand under a hand-glass, in heat.
V. VATERIA (in honour of Abraham Vater, once profes--
Cohort IV. Fruit gynabasic, inserted in a fleshy receptacle,
sor of medicine at Wirtemberg, author of some botanical disser- with which the style is continuous.
tations on the balsam of Mecca; he died in 1751). Lin. gen.
269. Roxb. cor. 3. p. 86. t. 288.
Order LXII. OCHNA'CEÆ (plants agreeing with O'chna
Lin. syst. Polyandria, Monogynia. Calyx 5-cleft; segments
in important characters). D. C. ann. mus. 17. p. 398. rec.
at length reflexed. Petals 5, oval, emarginate, twisted in the mem. 1813. no. 5. D. C. prod. 1. P.
735.
bud. Stamens 40-50, short, inserted between the petals and Calyx of 5 sepals, which are hardly connected at the base,
the base of the germ. Anthers long, linear. Capsule 3-valved,
1-celled, and 1-seeded. Cotyledons stalked.-Large trees, with
permanent (f. 126. b.), imbricate in the bud. Petals 5, hypo-
entire, smooth, coriaceous leaves, and terminal panicles of white
gynous (f. 126. d.), caducous alternating with the sepals, rarely
flowers. Anthers yellow.
10, spreading, imbricate in the bud. Ștamens 5, alternating with
1 V. I'NDICA (Lin. spec. 734. Roxb. cor. 1. c.) leaves oblong; the petals, or 10, or indefinite (f. 126. c.), inserted in the hypo-
flowers rather remote on the ramifications of the panicle ; stipu- gynous disk, usually permanent; anthers bilocular, inserted by
las oblong. h.S.
h.s. Native of Malabar. Elæocarpus copalli-
the base. Ovaries equal in number to the petals. Style 1, fili-
ferus, Retz, obs. fasc. 4. p. 27.-Rheed. mal. 4. p. 33. t. 15.
In the Bidinose country this tree is called Dammer-tree. When
form, permanent, widened at base, bearing the ovaries on the sub-
wounded it discharges a clear, pellucid, fragrant resin, acrid and globose fleshy disk (f. 126. e.) called a gynobase. Carpels 1-
bitter to the taste, at length becoming yellow and brittle like seeded, indehiscent, inserted round the base of the style in a
glass. This, according to König, is one kind of copal. Persons
whorl (f. 126. b.), somewhat drupaceous. Seeds without albu-
experienced in the use of this gum, so useful for varnishing
anatomical preparations, know that there are several different
Embryo straight, with a short radicle, and 2 thick co-
things imported under the same name, which are not all equally tyledons.—Tropical smooth trees and shrubs abounding in a
soluble even in oil of lavender. The true gum copal is not watery juice. Leaves alternate, simple, feather-nerved, entire, or
from this tree, but it generally goes under that name in India ; toothed, with 2 caducous stipulas at the base of each. Flowers
а
.
men.

OCHNACEÆ. I. OCHNA. II. GOMPHIA.
815
-
d
bG
h. S.
racemose, for the most part yellow; pedicels jointed in the oval-oblong.
oval-oblong. n. S. Native of Arabia Felix. D. C. l. c. no.
middle or beneath the middle, rarely solitary. The roots and
9. t. 19. Euonymus inérmis, Forsk. ægyp. t. 204.
Small-leaved Ochna. Shrub 5 feet.
leaves of Walkera serrata are used in Malabar in decoction,
8 O. LANCEOLA'TA (Spreng. syst. 2. p. 597.) leaves lanceolate,
either in milk or water, as a tonic, stimulant, stomachic, and
crenated; peduncles usually solitary, shorter than the leaves.
anti-emetic.
h.S. Native of Malabar.
Lanceolate-leaved Ochna. Shrub 6 feet.
Synopsis of the
genera.
9 O. PU'MILA (Hamilt. in D. Don, prod. fl. nep. 224.) stigma
1 O'CHNA. Petals 5-10. Stamens numerous ; filaments fili- capitate ? flowers subumbellate, terminal ; pedicels much longer
form ; anthers linear or ovate, bursting lengthwise by 2 chinks.
than the peduncle, furnished with numerous bractea-like scales;
stem simple, erect. h. G. Native of Nipaul, in a wood
2 GO'MPHIA. Petals 5. Stamens 10; filaments almost want-
called Terriany.
ing ; anthers long, erect, bursting by 2 pores at the apex.
Dwarf Ochna. Fl. Mar. Shrub 1 foot.
3 WALKE'RA. Petals 5.
Petals 5. Stamens 5. Anthers ovate.
** Stigmas many-parted.
4 Elva'sia. Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 8 ; filaments
10 O. MAURITIA'NA (Lam. dict.
FIG. 126.
longish; anthers opening by 2 pores at the apex. .
4. p. 522.) petals 5-6 ; leaves ob-
5 Caste'LA. 8
Calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4. Stamens 8. An- long-oval, acute, toothletted ; petals
thers inverted.
3-times longer than the calyx. h.
S. Native of the Mauritius, where
I. O'CHNA (from oxvn, ochne, the Greek name for the wild it is called Bois de Jasmin. D. C.
pear; the present genus has some resemblance to a pear in 1. c. no. 8. t. 5. Racemes short;
foliage). Schreb. gen. no. 354.
gen. no. 354. D. C. in mem. mus. 17. p. pedicels long. An elegant shrub,
410. prod. 1. p.
735.-O'chna, spec.
Lin.
with whitish flowers, resembling
Lin. syst. Polyándria, Monogynia. Petals 5-10. Stamens
LINSYST
those of jasmine.
numerous ; filaments filiform, permanent; anthers linear or Mauritian Ochna. Clt. 1822.
ovate, opening from the base to the top by a double chink. Shrub 6 feet.
Buds scaly. Flowers all yellow, rising in racemes from below 11 O. MADAGASCARIE'NSIS (D.
the leaves from the wood of the preceding year.
C. l. c. no. 7.) petals 5 ; leaves
oblong, shining, a little serrated ;
* Stigmas capitate.
petals equal in length to the calyx.
1 O. OBTUSA'TA (D. C. in ann. mus. 17. p. 411. t. 1.) petals
Native of Madagascar.
8-10; leaves obovate, very blunt, serrated.
Native Racemes simple, many-flowered.
of the East Indies. O'chna squarròsa, Lin. spec. 731.? Roxb.
Madagascar Ochna. Shrub 6 feet.
cor. t. 89. This tree is called Bokaerae in Ceylon, and Yerra-
12 0. ARBOREA (Burch. cat. ined. no. 4012. D. C. prod. 1. p.
juvre by the Telingas. Flowers large, inodorous.
736.) flowers solitary, or 2 or 3 in a raceme ; petals 5; anthers
Obtuse-leaved Ochna. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1790. Tr. 12 ft.
linear, with 2 pores at the apex; leaves oval-oblong, almost
entire.
2 O. LUCIDA (D. C. l. c. no. 2.) petals 7-10; leaves obovate
h. G. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.
Tree Ochna. Clt. 1823. Tree 20 feet,
or oblong-ovate, acute, serrated. h.S. Native of the East
Indies.
Cult. Fine shrubs, bearing beautiful leaves and flowers,
Var. a; leaves obovate. 0. lúcida, Lam. ill. t. 472. f. 1.
therefore the species are worth cultivating in every collection of
Var. B; leaves oblong-ovate. 0. squarròsa, Rottb. in act. stove plants. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and
dan. 2. p. 445. t. 6. exclusive of the synonyms.
peat; and cuttings will strike root if planted in a pot of sand,
Shining-leaved Ochna. Fl. July, Aug. Clt. 1819. Sh. 6 ft. with a hand-glass placed over them, in a moderate heat.
3 O. NÍTIDA (Thunb. prod. 67.) petals 5; leaves oblong,
II. GO'MPHIA (from youpos, gomphos, a club; shape of
acute, serrated; racemes short, crowded. h.s. Native of
the East Indies. D. C. 1. c. no. 3. t. 2. Petals scarcely longer prod. 1. p. 736. -Ochna species, Lin.
fruit). Schreb. gen. p. 291. D. C. in mem. mus. 17. p. 414.
than the calyx.
LIN. SYST
Nitid-leaved Ochna. Clt. 1816. Shrub 6 feet.
Decándria, Monogynia. Petals 5. Stamens 10;
filaments almost wanting ; anthers long, pyramidal, erect, open-
4 O. MULTIFLORA (D. C. 1. c. no. 4. t. 3.) petals 5; leaves
oval-oblong, acuminated, almost entire ; racemes and pedicels ing at the apex by ? pores. -Racemes simple or compound, ter-
minal. Flowers of all yellow.
very long. . S. Native of Sierra Leone, in bushy places
near the river-side, about Freetown.
* Leaves quite entire.
Many-flowered Ochna. Fl. Feb. May. Clt. 1823. Sh. 6 ft. 1 G. GRANDIFLORA (D. C. l. c. no. 19. t. 17.) leaves ovate-
5 O. CILIA'TA (Lam. dict. 4. p. 511.) stigma a little lobed ; lanceolate, blunt at the base, long-acuminated ; petals large,
petals 5; leaves oval-oblong, serrately-fringed; racemes short, rather orbicular, a little longer than the calyx; racemes panicled.
few-flowered. h.S. Native of Madagascar.
h.s. Native of Brazil at Rio Negro.
Fringed-leaved Ochna. Shrub 6 feet.
Great-flowered Gomphia. Shrub 4 feet.
6 O. ATROPURPU'REA (D. C. 1. c. no. 5.) pedicels solitary, 1- 2 G. AQUA’TICA (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 14.)
flowered; petals 5 ? leaves ovate, acutely toothletted ; lobes of leaves oblong, acutish, rounded at the base, obsoletely veined;
calyx ovate. h. S. Native of the Cape of Good Hope.- racemes elongated, almost simple ; petals a little longer than
Pluk. alm. t. 263. f. 1 and 2. Burch. cat. no. 4126.
Burch. cat. no. 4126. Calyx the calyx. ñ. s. Native of South America, on the banks of
h.S.
purple. Petals yellow.
the river Orinoco, near Javita. Cittorhynchus Javiténsis, Willd.
Dark-purple-calyxed Ochna. Clt. 1816. Shrub 4 feet. herb.
7 O. PARVIFÒLIA (Vahl. symb. 1. p. 33.) pedicels solitary, Aquatic Gomphia. Tree 20 feet.
1-flowered ; leaves ovate, serrulated ; petals 5? lobes of calyx 3 G. CASSINEFÒLIA (D. C. l. c. no. 21. t. 18.) leaves ovate,
h. s.
a
a
--

816
OCHNACEÆ. II. GOMPHÍA.
a
-
a
somewhat cordate at the base, obtuse at the apex; racemes ated at both ends, a little toothletted; racemes elongated; car-
simple. h.s. Native of Brazil. Flowers yellow,
pels globose. h. S. Native of Ceylon.-Burm. zeyl. 123.
Cassine-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet.
t. 26. O'chna Zeylánica, Lam. dict. 4. p. 612. In Ceylon this
4 G. LAURIFÒLIA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 741.) leaves shrub is called Bokere.
oblong, taper-pointed at both ends, shining. n. s. Native of Ceylon Gomphia. Clt. 1823. Shrub 5 feet.
Jamaica, on the mountains, and of Cayenne. Racemes panicled. 15 G. DEPE'NDENS (D. C. 1. c. no. 2. t. 6.) leaves oblong-lan-
Laurel-leaved Gomphia. Clt. 1823. Shrub 8 feet.
ceolate, a little toothed, acuminated at both ends.; stipulas intra-
5 G. OLEÆFÒLIA (St. Hil
. bull. philom. 1823. p. 129.) leaves axillary, permanent; racemes very long, simple, dependent.
oblong-lanceolate, bluntish, pubescent, with revolute edges; K. S. Native of Madagascar.
flowers panicled ; petals a little longer than the calyx.
h.S.
Dependent-racemed Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet.
Native of Brazil. St. Hil. pl. rem. bras. 1. p. 124. t. 9.
16 G. ANGULA'TA (D. C. 1. c. no. 3. t. 7.) leaves oblong,
Olive-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 10 feet.
somewhat cuneated, narrow at the base, and a little cordate, dis-
6 G. LONGIFÒLIA (D. C. 1. c. no. 8. t. 10.) leaves lanceolate, tantly serrated, on very short stalks ; stipulas intra-axillary, per-
acute, cordate at the base, very long, a little toothed at the manent; racemes panicled ; branches angular. h.s. Native
apex; carpels globose; flowers crowded, panicled. h. S.
ħ. S. of Madagascar.
Native of Guadaloupe. O'chna longifolia, Lam. dict. 4.
p.
511. Angular-branched Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet.
Long-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet.
17 G. MALABA' RICA (D. C. 1. c. no. 5.) leaves oval-oblong,
7 G. GUIANE'NSIS (Rich. act. soc. nat. par. 1. p. 168.) leaves
.
acute at both ends, toothletted, nerveless, shining; racemes
oblong, broad, blunt at both ends ; carpels globose; racemes panicled. h.S. Native of Malabar, on rocks about Kande-
panicled ; flowers crowded. ñ . S. Native of Guiana and nate. - Rheed. mal. 5. t. 52.
Brazil. D. C. l. c. no. 7. t. 9. Ouratèa Guianénsis, Aubl. Malabar Gomphia. Shrub.
guian. 1. t. 152? Leaves a little serrated.
18 G. SUMATRA'NA (Jack, mss. Hook. bot. misc. 4th part.
Guiana Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet.
p. 77.) leaves lanceolate, or oblong-oval, acuminated, obtusely
8 G.OBTUSIFÒLIA (D. C. 1. c. no. 4. t. 8.) leaves lanceolate, denticulated, shining, somewhat 5-nerved; stipulas intra-pe-
very blunt, or emarginate at the apex, tapering to the base; tiolar, deciduous; panicle terminal. h. S. Native of Sumatra.
stipulas intra-axillary, permanent; racemes panicled, with short Sumatra Gomphia. Shrub 8 feet.
somewhat angular branches. h. S. Native of Madagascar. 19 G. ANGUSTIFOLIA (Vahl. symb. 2. p. 49.) leaves lanceo-
O'chna lævigàta, Vahl. symb. 2. p. 49. O'chna obtusifòlia, late, almost sessile, serrated at the apex, acute at both ends;
Lam. dict. 4. p. 510.
.
petals longer than the calyx; lobes of calyx roundish. Đ.s.
Obtuse-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet.
Native of the East Indies.
9 G. PARVIFLORA (D. C. l. c. no. 18. t. 16.) quite smooth ; Narrow-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 4 feet.
leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, acute at both ends; pa- 20 G. CASTANEÆFÒLIA (D. C. l. c. no. 9. t. 11.) leaves large,
nicle slender, rather loose, few-flowered ; flowers small; petals oblong, acuminated, coriaceous, shining, regularly and sharply
oblong, a little longer than the calyx. h.S. Native of Brazil. serrated; racemes panicled; flowers crowded ; petals a little
Racemes panicled.
longer than the calyx. h.S. Native of Brazil.
Small-flowered Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet.
Chesnut-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 10 feet.
** Leaves almost quite entire.
21 G. ILICIFÒLIA (D. C. 1. c. no. 10.) leaves oval-oblong,
bearing on their edges a few large, spiny teeth ; racemes pa-
10 G. PARVIFÒLIA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 65.) leaves nearly nicled. h.S. Native of St. Domingo.
sessile, small, ovate, very blunt at the base, hardly serrated at Holly-leaved Gomphia. Shrub.
the apex, pubescent beneath as well as the branches and pa- 22 G. JABOTA'PITA (Swartz, A. ind. occ. 2. p. 740.) leaves
nicles ; flowers crowded, bracteate ; petals obovately orbicular. ovate-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, serrated from the base
h.s. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes. to the top; petals 3-times longer than the calyx ; carpels with
Small-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 4 feet.
their base immersed in the receptacle. h.S. Native of the
11 G. FLORIBU'NDA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 64.) quite smooth; Caribbee Islands. O'chna Jabotápita, Lin. spec. 731.
Lam.
leaves crowded, imbricate, oblong, acutish at both ends, obso- ill. 472. f. 2.-Plum. amer. 42. icon. 153. Flowers very sweet,
letely serrated ; racemes panicled, bracteate; flowers crowded; abundant on certain branchlets. Piso says the carpels of this
petals obovately-orbicular. h.S. Native of Brazil, in the
pro- shrub are astringent, and are not only eaten crude, but that an oil
vince of Minas Geraes.
is expressed from them, which is used in salads.
Var. B, màjor (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves longer and broader, less Jabotapita Gomphia. Clt. 1820.
Clt. 1820. Shrub 6 feet.
acute; flowers less numerous.
23 G. SQUAMÒSA (D. C. 1. c. no. 12. t. 12.) leaves oval-lan-
Bundle-flowered Gomphia. Shrub 3 to 4 feet. .
ceolate, tapering to both ends, a little serrated; stipulas broad at
12 G. SUAVE'OLENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 63.) quite smooth; the base, awnedly-acute, permanent; petals somewhat orbicular,
leaves oblong, acuminated, almost quite entire, nearly veinless ; length of calyx; berries rather globose. h. S. Native of
panicle terminal, compact ; flowers very numerous, small; petals Tobago. Racemes panicled, simple, or forked.
about the length of the calyx; anthers smooth. n. S. Native Scaly Gomphia. Shrub 6 feet.
of Brazil. Flowers small, sweet-scented.
24 G. NÍTIDA (Swartz, fl. ind. occ. 2. p. 739.) leaves oval-
Sweet-scented Gomphia. Fl. March. Shrub 6 feet.
lanceolate, acuminated, serrated at the apex ; calyxes equal in
13 G. CUSPIDA'TA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 67.) quite smooth; length to the corolla ; berries ovate.
h. S. Native of Ja-
leaves large, oblong, blunt, cuspidate, obsoletely serrated, lower maica and St. Thomas, in woods. Racemes panicled. D. C.
ones quite entire ; racemes terminal ; anthers wrinkled trans- 1. c. no. 13. t. 13. Panicle racemose.
versely. h.S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Rio Janeiro. Nitid-leaved Gomphia. Clt. 1803. Shrub 8 feet.
Pointed-leaved Gomphia. Fl. Oct. Shrub 10 feet.
25 G. ACUMINATA (D. C. 1. c. no. 14. t. 14.) leaves oval-
*** Leaves subserrated, serrated, toothed, and toothletted.
oblong, abruptly acuminated, serrated from the middle to the
apex; petals about the length of the corolla. h. S. Native
14 G. ZEYLA'NICA (D. C. l. c, no. 1.) leaves oblong, acumin- of Brazil. Racemes panicled.

OCHNĄCEÆ. II. GOMPHIA.
817
III. WALKERA. IV. ELVASIA. V. CASTELA.
a
.
a
Acuminated-leaved Gomphia. Shrub.
petals obovate, emarginate, exceeding the calyx in length;
26 G. RETICULA'TA (Beauv. fl. d'ow. 2. p. 22. t. 722.) leaves anthers undulately wrinkled. ñ . S. Native of Brazil, in the
lanceolate, serrated, acute, reticulately nerved ; racemes pani- province of Minas Geraes, and in the southern part of the pro-
cled. h.s. Native of Guinea ; very common among bushes. vince of Goyaz. Stems simple.
Netted-leaved Gomphia. Fl. Feb. June. Shrub 3 to 4 feet Humble Gomphia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
27 G.Mexica'NA (Humb, et Bonpl. pl. equin. 2. p. 21. t. 74.) 38 G. NA'NA (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 66. t. 12.) suffruticose,
leaves oval-lanceolate, serrated, tapering to the base and apex ; pubescent; leaves ovate-oblong, very blunt at the base, sub-
racemes short, crowded with flowers; petals orbicular, unguiculate, cuspidate, serrated; stipulas permanent, nearly linear, acu-
length of calyx. h.s. Native of Mexico, between Acapulco minated; flowers axillary, racemose, and in terminal, panicled
and Chilpancingo. H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 6. p. 13.
p
racemes ; petals a little longer than the calyx; anthers wrinkled
Mexican Gomphia. Shrub 4 feet.
undulately. h.S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas
28 G. GLABERRIMA (Beauv. A. d'ow. 2. p. 22. t. 71.) leaves Geraes. Stems simple.
lanceolate-oblong, very acute, shining, almost nerveless, serrated Dwarf Gomphia. Shrub 1 to 2 feet.
from the middle to the apex; racemes simple. h.S. Native 39 G. CARDIOSPERMA (D. C. l. c. no. 22. t. 19.) leaves oval,
of Guinea, in low bushy places.
acute, finely serrated ; berries obcordately 2-lobed. h.S. Na-
Very-smooth Gomphia. Shrub 4 feet.
tive of Guiana, in marshes. O'chna cardiosperma, Lam. dict.
29 G. HEXASPE'RMA (St. Hil. pl. usu. bras. no. 38. fl. bras. 1. 4. p. 511. Flowers panicled.
p. 61.) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, obsoletely ser- Heart-seeded Gomphia. Shrub 4 feet.
rated, but entire at the base and apex, veinless beneath ; panicles
,
Cult. Gómphia is a genus of most beautiful shrubs, which
terminal; ovaries 6-7. . S. Native of Brazil
, in the pro- deserve to be cultivated in every collection of stove plants, for
vince of Minas Geraes. Stem arboreous, with corky bark. the elegance of their foliage and flowers; they will thrive well in
The inhabitants of Brazil employ the bark of this tree to cure a mixture of loam, peat, and sand; and ripened cuttings will
wounds in cattle, occasioned by the bites of insects.
strike root, if planted in a pot of sand, with a hand-glass placed
Six-seeded Gomphia. Tree.
over them, in a moist heat.
30 G. OLIVÆFÓRMIS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 67.) quite smooth;
leaves broad, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated, obsoletely serrated, III. WALKERA (in honour of Richard Walker, D.D.,
entire at the base ; flowers racemose, terminal; anthers smoothish; founder of the Botanical Garden at Cambridge). Schreb. gen.
receptacle fleshy, turbinate. h. S. Native of Brazil, in the p. 150. D. C. prod. 1. p. 737. in ann. mus. 17. p. 421. Meèsia,
p
province of Rio Janeiro.
Gært. fruct. 1. p. 344. but not of Hedw.
Olive-formed Gomphia. Shrub 15 feet.
Lin. syst. Pentándria, Monogynia. Petals 5. Stamens 5;
31 G. curva'TA (Št. Hil. Al. bras. 1. p. 68.) quite smooth ; anthers ovate. Drupe (ex Gært.) obovately kidney-shaped.
leaves large, nearly sessile, oblong-obovate, cuspidate, entire at Embryo inverted, with a hooked beak.
the base and somewhat cuneated, veiny, serrated at the apex, 1 W. SERRA'TA (Willd. spec. 1. p. 1145.) leaves serrately
very coriaceous, racemes compact, incurved; pedicels tubercled; crenate ; racemes somewhat corymbose ; lobes of calyx lan-
petals longer than the calyx. Þ.S. Native of Brazil.
ceolate. h. S. Native of Malabar and Ceylon. Meèsia
Curved-racemed Gomphia. Shrub 8 feet.
serràta, Gært. fruct. 1. p. 344. t. 70. Tsjocatti, Rheed. mal. 5.
32 G. LUCENS (H. B. et Kunth, nov. gen. amer. 7. p. 246.) )
.
t. 48. Flowers small, yellow. Drupes reddish. The roots and
leaves scattered, stalked, oblong-lanceolate, tapering to the base, leaves are bitter, a decoction of them, either in water or milk,
remotely serrated, obsoletely veined, membranous, shining; ra- is used in Malabar as tonic, stomachic, and antiemetic.
cemes compound. h.s. Native of New Granada.
Serrated-leaved Walkera. Clt. 1824. Shrub 12 feet.
Shining-leaved Gomphia. Shrub 10 to 12 feet.
2 W. INTEGRIFÒLIA (D. C. prod. 1. p. 737.) leaves entire ;
33 G. GLAUCE’SCENS (St. Hil. fl. bras. 1. p. 68. t. 13.) quite racemes simple, elongated; lobes of calyx very short.
smooth ; leaves nearly sessile, a little imbricate, subcordate, Native of French Guiana. Petals yellow, coriaceous. Berries
ovate or oblong-ovate, mucronate, hardly serrated at the apex, 2-3, often abortive.
rather glaucous ; racemes terminal, nearly simple ; petals large, Entire-leaved Walkera. Shrub 8 feet.
obovate, exceeding the calyx; anthers wrinkled transversely. Cult. See Gómphia for cultivation and propagation.
h.S. Native of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes.
Glaucous Gomphia. Fl. Sept. Shrub 8 feet.
IV. ELVASIA (in honour of Francis Manoel d’Elvas, a
34 G. SEMISERRA'TA (Mart. in act. bonn. 12. p. 41.) leaves Portuguese, who first illustrated the natural history of Brazil).
, .
elliptical, serrated in front, coriaceous; flowers panicled; petals D. C. in ann. mus. 17. p. 422. prod. 1. p. 738.
orbicular, length of calyx. h.s. Native of Brazil.
Lin. syst. Octandria, Monogynia. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4.
Half-serrated-leaved Gomphia. "Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
Stamens 8, 4 of which are opposite the petals, with longish fila-
35 G. PERSÍSTENS (St. Hil. A. bras. 1. p. 62.) quite smooth ; ments, and ovate, adnate anthers, which burst by 2 pores at the
leaves oblong, acuminated, serrated, coriaceous, nearly veinless apex. Ovary seated on the columnar receptacle, 4-lobed, 4-celled,
beneath ; flowers panicled; calyx permanent; petals obovate, the lobes are neither distinct nor profound; cells 1-seeded. Ovula
about the length of the calyx : anthers smooth. h.S. Native suspended from the inner angle.
of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes.
1 E. CALOPHY'LLA (D. C. 1. c. no. 1. t. 20.). h.S. Native
Permanent-calyxed Gomphia. Shrub 5 to 6 feet.
of Brazil. Leaves oblong, quite entire, with the veins parallel
36 G. NERVÖSA (St. Hil. 1. c.) leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acu-
with the middle nerve.
Panicles terminal. Flowers small,
minate, serrulated, veiny beneath ; racemes panicled; anthers yellow.
yellow. Ovary of 4 tubercles.
transversely wrinkled. h. S. Native of Brazil, in the pro-
Beautiful-leaved Elvasia. Shrub 6 feet.
vince of Goyaz. G. venòsa, Spreng. syst. app. p. 163.
.
Cult. See Gómphia for cultivation and propagation.
Nerved-leaved Gomphia. Shrub. .
37 G. hu'milis (St. Hil. 1. c.) suffruticose, quite smooth ; V. CASTELA (named by Turpin after M. Castel, author
lower leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse at the base, upper ones ob- of a poem upon plants). Turp. ann. mus. 7. p. 78. t. 5. D.C.
long, acute at both ends, somewhat serrated ; racemes panicled; prod. 1. p. 738.
5 M
h. S.
VOL. I.

818
OCHNACEÆ. V. CASTELA. CORIARIEÆ. I. CORIARIA.
a
Lin. syst. Dioècia, Monogynia. Calyx small, 4-cleft. Petals 4, nous insertion of the stamens and straight embryo, it cannot
alternating with the teeth of the calyx. Male flowers; stamens belong to it. By Jussieu it was referred to Atriplices, on account
8, inserted with the petals and equal in length to them. Anthers
of its want of petals, but it has no other analogy with that order.
inverse. Pistil abortive, minute. Female with 8 abortive
stamens. Ovary 4-lobed, seated on a circular disk. Lobes 4,
distinct, drupaceous, 1-seeded, rising from a fleshy gynobase. I. CORIA'RIA (from corium, a hide. C. myrtifòlia is con-
.
Style 1, or hardly any, crowned by 4 recurved stigmas. Drupes siderably astringent, and is used not only in tanning leather, but
4, at length free. Seed inverted, with a superior radicle and 2 in dying black colours). Niss. in act. par. 1711. t. 12. D. C. prod.
leafy cotyledons. Albumen sparing.--Small shrubs with alter- 1. p. 739.
nate branches, which are spiny at the apex, alternate entire LIN. SYST. Dioe'cia, Decándria. Character the same as that
leaves, and small, axillary, yellow flowers.
of the order.
1 C. DEPRE'SSA (Turp. 1. c. p. 79. t. 5. A.) leaves oval-oblong, 1 C. MYRTIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 1467.) leaves ovate-lanceolate,
sessile, somewhat cordate at the base ; spines axillary. n. S. acute, triple-nerved, on short petioles, smooth ; racemes rather
Native of St. Domingo between Monte Christi and St. Yago. erect. Þ.H. Native of the south of Europe and north of
Flowers purplish.
Africa, in hedges and bushy places. Lam. ill. t. 822. Duham.
Depressed Castela. Shrub 2 feet.
arb. 1. t. 73.
. Wats, dend. brit. t. 103. Flowers hermaphro-
2 C. ERE'CTA (Turp. I. c. p. 80. t. 5. B.) leaves lanceolate, dite, monoecious or dioecious, greenish. This shrub sends up
stalked ; spines infra-axillary. ħ. S. Native of Antigua. many stems from the root, and is therefore useful to fill up
Erect Castela. Shrub 2 feet.
vacancies in shrubberies and plantations.
3 C. NICHOLSÒNI (Hook. bot. misc. 3d part, p. 271. t. 54.) Myrtle-leaved Coriaria. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1629. Shrub
leaves elliptical, mucronulate, silky and hoary beneath, as well 4 to 6 feet.
as the branches; spines axillary; stamens hairy. h. S. Native 2 C. MICROPHY’LLA (Poir. dict. 6. p. 87.) leaves ovate, blunt-
of Antigua, where it is called Goat-bush by the Negroes. Flowers ish, 5-nerved, almost sessile ; racemes nodding. Þ.G. Native
small
, copper-coloured, dioecious. The whole plant is very
bitter. of Peru. Flowers greenish.
Nicholson's Castela. Shrub 4 feet.
Small-leaved Coriaria. Shrub 3 to 6 feet.
Cult. See Gómphia for culture and propagation.
3 C. SARMENTÒSA (Forst. prod. p. 377.) sarmentose, diffuse ;
leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated, quite entire, 5-nerved, on
ORDER LXIII. CORIARIEÆ (plants agreeing with Coridrio
very short stalks; racemes nodding. h. G. Native of New
in important characters). D. C. prod. 1. p. 739.
Zealand. Hook. bot. mag. t. 2470. Flowers brownish-green.
Sarmentose Coriaria. Fl. May, Aug. Clt. 1823. Shrub 3
Flowers hermaphrodite, monoecious or dioecious. Calyx (or
to 6 feet.
perigone) of one campanulate 10-cleft sepal, the 5 outer lobes 4 C. RUSCIFÒLIA (Lin. spec. 1467.) leaves cordate-ovate, acute,
are ovate, larger than the 5 inner ones, which are callose, alter- sessile, many-nerved; racemes nodding, cylindrical.
nating with each other. Petals wanting. Stamens 10, pro-
Native of Peru, and of Chili, at Conception.-Feuill. p.
17. t. 12. Leaves usually tern on the branches, but opposite
truding from the torus, 5 of which are between the outer lobes of
on the branchlets. Flowers hermaphrodite, greenish.
the calyx and angles of the ovary, and the other 5 between the
Butcher's-broom-leaved Coriaria. Shrub.
inner or callose lobes of the calyx, and the furrows of the ovary. 5 C. PHYLICIFÒLIA (Humb. in Willd. spec. 4. p. 819.) leaves
p
Filaments filiform. Anthers oblong, 2-celled.
Anthers oblong, 2-celled. Ovary seated subcordate, oblong, acute, stalked, 3-nerved, veiny; peduncles
on a thickish torus, 5-celled, 5-angled. Style wanting. Stigmas hispid.. h, G. Native of Peru.
-
Flowers greenish.
5, long, awl-shaped, rising from the top of the ovary. Carpels
Phylica-leaved Coriaria. Shrub.
6 Č. THYMIFÒLIA (Humb. in Willd. spec. 4. p. 819.) leaves
5, when at maturity almost free, approximate, indehiscent, 1-
oblong, acute, stalked, 3-nerved; petioles and peduncles hispid.
seeded, surrounded by large glandular lobes. Seed pendulous. h.G. Native of Peru. Hardly distinct from the preceding.
Albumen wanting. Embryo straight, with a superior radicle, Thyme-leaved Coriaria. Shrub.
and 2 fleshy cotyledons.-Shrubs, with somewhat tetragonal,
7 C. ATROPURPUREA (Moc. et Sesse, fl. mex. ined. D. C.
opposite or tern branches. Leaves opposite, simple, 3-nerved, prod. 1. p. 740.) leaves cordate, ovate, acute, sessile, 3-nerved
racemes terminal, cylindrical, simple. h. G. Native of Mexico.
entire, ovate or cordate. Leaf bud scaly. Racemes of flowers
Flowers with 5 petals and 5 styles, dark-purple.
terminating the branches and branchlets, leafy at the base, sim- Dark-purple-flowered Coriaria. Shrub.
ple; pedicels opposite or alternate at the tops of the racemes, Cult. "The hardy species, C. myrtifolia, will thrive in any
furnished with bracteas at their base, and usually with two in
common soil, and is readily increased by cuttings of the roots or
their middle. The proper place which this order should occupy
by suckers. The other species will all require the protection of
a green-house; they will thrive very well in a mixture of sand,
-
in the natural system is very doubtful. It has been referred to loam, and peat; cuttings planted in the same kind of soil
Terebinthàceæ by old authors, but on account of the hypogy- will readily strike root under a hand-glass.
. G.
per. 3.
-
-
a
END OF VOL. I.
LONDON:
GILBERT & RIVINGTON, PRINTERS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE.


ODOS
e

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
3 9015 05243 4852
60
28
od
HERBARITY
co

เมื่อ
a