§§§§§§ ; Ş， §§§ º: # „№; º, & § {, } ºf ſº S.I. Bigel W. - BAEDEKER'S GUIDE BOOKS. GREAT BRITAIN, with 15 Maps, 30 Plans, and a Panorama. Second Edition. 1890. 40 marks. LONDON AND ITS ENVIRONS, with 3 Maps and 15 Plans. Eighth Edition. 1892. - - 6 marks. BELGIUM AND HOLLAND, with 13 Maps and 20 Plans. Tenth Edition. 1891. - 6 marks. THE RHINE FROM ROTTERDAM. To CoNSTANCE, with 39 Maps and 21 Plans. Twelfth Edition. 4892. 7 marks. NORTHERN GERMANY., with 35 Maps and 54 Plans. Tenth Edition. 1890. 8 marks. SOUTHERN GERMANY AND AUSTRIA, with 15 Maps and 30 Plans. Seventh Edition. 1891. 8 marks. THE EASTERN ALPS, INCLUDING THE BAVARIAN HIGH- LANDS, TYROL, SALZKAMMERGUT, etc. With 35 Maps, 12 Plans, and 7 Panoramas. Seventh Edition. 1891. 8 marks. GREECE, with 6 Maps, 14 Plans and a Panorama of Athens. 1889. - 10 marks. NORTHERN ITALY, INCLUDING LEGHORN, FLORENCE, RA- VENNA, with 16 Maps and 23 Plans. Ninth Edition. 1892. 8 marks. CENTRAL ITALY AND ROME, with 10 Maps, 31 Plans, and a Panorama of Rome. Tenth Edition. 1890. 6 marks. SOUTHERN ITALY, SICILY, AND ExCURSIONS TO THE LIPARI ISLANDS, TUNIS (CARTHAGE), SARDINIA, MALTA, AND CORFU, with 26 Maps and 16 Plans. Tenth Edition. 1890. 6 marks. NORWAY, SWEDEN, AND DENMARK, with 26 Maps, 15 Plans, and 2 Panoramas. Fifth Edition. 1892. 10 marks. PARIS AND ITS ENVIRONS, WITH ROUTES FROM TONDON To PARIs. With 11 Maps and 34 Plans. Tenth Edition. 1891. 6 marks. NORTHERN FRANCE, with 9 Maps and 25 Plans. 1889. 7 marks. SOUTHERN FRANCE, with 14 Maps and 19 Plans. 1891. -- } 9 marks. SWITZERLAND, AND THE ADJACENT PARTs of ITALY, SAVOY, AND THE TYROL, with 39 Maps, f1 Plans, and 12 Panoramas. Fourteenth Edition. 1891. ! - 8 marks. LOWER EGYPT, WITH THE PENINSULA OF SINAI, with 16 Maps, 30 Plans, and 7 Views. Second Edition. 1885. 16 marks. UPPER EGYPT, witH NUBIA As FAR AS THE SECOND CATA- RACT, AND THE WESTERN OASES. With 11 Maps and 26 Plans. 1892. * . . - - 10 marks. PALESTINE AND SYRIA, with 18 Maps, 43 Plans, a Pano- rama of Jerusalem, and 10 Views. 1876. 20 marks. CONVERSATION DICTIONARY in four languages, Eng- lish, French, German, Italian. 3 marks. THE TRAVELLER'S MANUAL OF CONVERSATION, IN ENGLISH, GERMAN, FRENCH, AND ITALIAN. 3 marks. tº Ål, Ličiuſ, tº of THE Michiºs … Hººgºń .44 * . . . . . 2 Hºſ. Hºl. É flºº & § º §§ ... 3 * fÉ §:E” ; [B ... . . ºx: yºkº - *—— , - . . “. . lºº-º-º: tº: §º E. Fº - - º º E3 fiſſiſſińIIII IIITIIIHTºil º ºrrºr-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º: s > -º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-car+r-º: zº iññ f * * * > ºne ºr ºr e º ºr sº as sº- º º III THE GIFT OF | } Prof.Samuel L. Bigelow Exift - - - gºsº -º-º-º: * * * * *dº imimimſ • SOUTHERN GERMANY AND AUSTRIA MONEY TABLE. (Comp. p. xiii.) Approximate Equivalents. American e - French German Austrian Money English Money Money Money Money Doll. Cts. L. S. JD. FA'. Cis. .// Pf. | Fl. Kı". - 1/4 || – * 8/3]| — 61/4 || – 5 mº 3 rººmsº 21/2 || – **** 1/4 || – 12/2|| – 40 * 6 - 5 * ** 2/2|| — 25 wº- 20 mºsº 12 * 10 - * 5 * 50 m-º-º-º- 40 -* 24 ** 12/2 || – * 6 --- 621/2 || – 50 sºmº- 30 * 2 * -- 40 4. cº- *** 80 --- 48 --- 25 --- 4. * 2 25 1. * --- 60 * 50 --- 2 * 3 50 2 * 1. 20 * 75 --- 3 * M 75 3 * 4. 75 1. - * 4 *-* 5 --- 4. -- 2 40 1 25 --- 5 --- 6 25 5 * 3 sms-s 1 50 *-** 6 --- 7 50 6 smº 3 50 1 75 - 7 cº-º-º: 8 75 7 * 4. 10 2 * --- 8 cº-º-º-º: 40 * 8 msº 4. 80 2 25 amº- 9 tº- 11 25 9 --- 5 A0 2 50 sº-º-º: 10 * 42 50 10 * 6 *- 3 * -- 12 --- 15 * 12 --- 7 20 4 * --- 16 --- 20 * 46 - 9 60 5 --- 1 ** | *----- 25 * 20 --- 12 25 25 wº-sº-sº 5 * --- 125 * 100 * 60 sº 125 --- 25 * --- 625 * 500 — || 300 sºmº- 9. MAP of the AUSTRIA showing the RAILWAY & STEAMBOAT COMMUNICAT10 & the most important roads. (WESTERN SHEET ) - Railways in use ------ Railways in course of construction Steamboat ºnes: Alpine post roads routes :: Peaks —s - Passes. a. * &i. eier's **sberg Sentis y: *altenberg Joſeºno e evº *A * * 3: ... a * *Disgrazia 1. I in *orbegno & E. 10 5. + 3. 2. i. º - Gerºes (15 = 1°, ºgen Mºº (ºroºoº. 77trºzzº º - *Il * -- &- %&refrºz º 4. ºver C 7. 2. * £adºcinac, o 6 P # -º-o- º º o Iº a nº o º a 0. In a S W. Z º T. Pºtº?…, Leyerber 3. é e. oº: - sº a “” ºr solstein ºxº Timbljoch s ** - cººd'Asts. Borgo F:**aso -ºšayo ulmi. Zº r Longitude East 12 from Greenwich. º =; Honors of march (85-1% A'ezzº ºžº- º *ohrenberg o o Hayd C. *d Lissa º §k.arrº. 3.7%ats - Rigolaro - o w = n : AYL P s * H.7inſen º, Blairit; Koro naberg Trzemsehin Blattna. º o Seafº. Schºttenhofen gº. ** 7'homas reº Dobracz a. Geltschber 3% }.}. 9/scheno |Georgen Weinrarr; o Zeitomºschl. Policz *g ºrg $3ralow fºrtriº LWedwetº o *Gr, priel "hysiº *#. Ş W. º º 06.7, 374, & Zinkenkopf: k's - & * tºraºrºn ºr. Gr.sº AP • I º - Pºnzcza, *Wotsche cº- ** olºranecz Nic H1 Cz A º ** ºzamobor wo o o Pisza grina Tissovac. () Bittoray SOUTHERN GERMANY AND AUSTRIA, INCLUDING HUNGARY, DALMATIA AND BOSNIA HANDBOOK FOR TRAVELLERS BY K. BAEDEKER, With 16 Maps and 31 Plans SEVENTH EDITION, REMODELLED AND AUGMENTED LEIPSIC: KARL BAEDEKER, PUBLISHER: LONDON: DULAU AND CO., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W. 1891 ‘Go, little book, God send thee good passage, And specially let this be thy prayere, Unto them all that thee will read or hear, Where thou art wrong, after their help to call, Thee to correct in any part or all.” CHAUCER. PREFACE, ***** *-*-***** The HANDBook For SouTHERN GERMANY AND AUSTRIA, which is now issued for the seventh time, and corresponds with the twenty-second German edition, is designed to assist the traveller in planning his tour and disposing of his time to the best advantage, to render him as far as possible indepen- dent of the services of hotel-keepers, commissionnaires, and guides, and thus enable him the more thoroughly to enjoy and appreciate the objects of interest he meets with on his tour. The Handbook has been compiled almost entirely from the personal observation of the Editor, and most of the country described has been repeatedly explored by him with a view to procure the latest possible information; but, as many of the data in the Handbook relate to matters which are con- stantly undergoing alteration, he will highly appreciate any corrections or suggestions with which travellers may favour him. Those already received, which in many instances have proved most useful, he gratefully acknowledges. The present edition of the Handbook has been augmented by the description of Dalmatia and Bosnia. Its contents are divided into SIX SECTIONS (Wurtemberg, pp. 1–50; Bavaria, pp. 51–184; Austria, pp. 185–280; Bohemia and Moravia, pp. 281-330; Hungary, Galicia, and Transylvania, pp. 331-422; Dalmatia and Bosnia, pp. 423–429), each of which may be separately removed from the book by the traveller who wishes to minimise the bulk of his luggage. The routes describing the mountainous districts of S. Germany and Austria (Tyrol, Salzkammergut, etc.), formerly included in this Handbook, have now, for the convenience of travellers, been published in a separate volume entitled ‘The Eastern Alps'. The MAPs and PLANs, on which special care has been bestowed, will, it is hoped, render material service to the traveller in planning his tour. TIME TABLES. Information as to the departure of trains, steamboats, and diligences is seldom to be relied upon un- less obtained from local sources. Full and accurate time- vi PREFACE. tables are contained in the “Reichs-Rursbuch", published at Berlin, and in Hendschel's Telegraph', published at Frankfort on the Main, both of which are issued monthly in summer. The best Austrian publication of the kind is “Waldheim's Conducteur', which appears at Vienna monthly. DISTANCES by road are given approximately in English miles; but in the case of mountain-excursions they are ex- pressed by the time in which they can be accomplished by average walkers, HEIGHTS are given in English feet (1 Engl. ft. = 0,3048 métre = 0,938 Parisian ft. = 0,971 Prussian ft.), and the POPULATIONS from data furnished by the most re- Cent CenSuS. HOTELS. The Editor has endeavoured to enumerate, not only the first-class hotels, but others of a less pretending kind, which may be safely selected by the ‘voyageur en gar- gon', with little sacrifice of comfort, and great saving of ex- penditure. Hotel-charges, as well as carriage-fares and fees to guides, are liable to frequent variation, and generally have a strong upward tendency; but these items, as stated in the Handbook either from the personal experience of the Editor or from data furnished by numerous correspondents, will at least afford the traveller an approximate idea of his expenditure. To hotel-keepers, tradesmen, and others the Editor begs to intimate that a character for fair dealing towards tra- vellers forms the sole passport to his commendation, and that advertisements of every kind are strictly excluded from his Handbooks. CONTENTS, I. Language. Money . . . . . II, Passports. Custom Houses III. Conveyances TV. Hotels . . . . Route. 1. Stuttgart and Environs . . . 2. 3. ; 7. From Stuttgart to Nördlingen and Nuremberg Wurtemberg. From Heidelberg to Stuttgart by Bruchsal. G e º e e Maulbronn, 12. — From Zuffenhausen to Calw and Horb, 14. From Stuttgart to Wildbad . . . . . From Pforzheim to Calw, 15. — From Pforzheim to Durlach, 15. — Excursions from Wildbad, 16. . From Stuttgart to Hanau . . . From Jagstfeld to Osterburken and to Heidelberg, 19. . From Heilbronn to Hall (Nuremberg). . . . . . . . . . From Stuttgart to Crailsheim and Nuremberg vià Backnang. From Backnang to Bietigheim, 22. — From Crailsheim to Mergentheim and to Nördlingen, 22. © º From Aalen to Ulm, 24. 8. From Stuttgart to Friedrichshafen. • e o e e º e From Geislingen to the Swabian Alb, 27. — From Ulm to Kempten, 29. — From Aulendorf fo Isny and to Herber- tingen, 29. — Veitsburg. Waldburg, 30. 9. From Stuttgart to Tübingen and Horb 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Bebenhausen. Wurmlinger Capelle, 32, 33. — The Baths of Imnau. Haigerloch, 33. - From Stuttgart to Böblingen and Schaffhausen . . tº º From Eutingen to Hausach, 34. — From Rottweil to Vil- lingen, 35. — Hohentwiel, 36. The Swabian Alb . . . tº g o e - e. e. Q º G & 9 From Tübingen to Hechingen and Sigmaringen . . . . Hohenzollern, 42. — The Upper Valley of the Danube, 45. From Ulm to Radolfzell and Constance . . . . . . . The Bussen, 46. — From Herbertingen to Memmingen, 46. — From Mengen to Sigmaringen, 47. — From Schwakenreute to Aulendorf, 47. — Mainau. Meersburg. Ueberlingen, 49, 50. Bavaria. - From Frankfort to Nuremberg by Würzburg . . . . . . From Frankfort to Hanau vià Offenbach, 51. — From Aschaf- fenburg to Mayence direct, 53. — From Aschaffenburg to Amorbach. From Miltenberg and from Lohr to Wertheim, 53. — The Spessart. From Gemünden to Elm, 54. — From Gemünden to Elm, to Hammelburg and to Schweinfurt, 55. From Würzburg to Heidelberg . . . . . . . . . . . From Lauda to Wertheim and to Mergentheim, 61. — From Osterburken to Jagstfeld, 62. — From Neckarelz to Meckes- heim, 62. Page. Xiii Xiw Xiw XV 4. 42 16 20 24 23 25 30 33 36 41 45 51 64 VIII CONTENTS. Route. Page. 16. From Leipsic to Nuremberg by Bamberg . . . . . . . 63 From Plauen to Eger, 63. — The Baths of Steben. From Hof to Eger, 64. —- From Hochstadt to Saalfeld, 65. — Banz. Vierzehnheiligen, 65, 66. — From Erlangen to Gräfenberg, 72. 17. From Würzburg to Bamberg. Kissingen . . . . . 72 - The Ludwigsbad Wipfeld, 72. — Excursions from Bocklet and from Brückenau, 75. — From Kissingen to Meiningen, 76. 18. From Neuenmarkt to Weiden. The Fichtelgebirge . 76 19. Franconian Switzerland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 20. Nuremberg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 21. From Nuremberg to Eger by Schnabelwaid . . . . . . 96 The Nuremberg Switzerland. From Schnabelwaid to Bai- reuth, 97. . . . . . . . . 22. From Nuremberg to Augsburg . . . . . . . . . . . 98 From Nördlingen to Dombiihl. From Donauwörth to Neu- - Offingen, 99. - - 23. From Nuremberg to Ratisbon . 104 The Walhalla, 110. 24. From Ratisbon to Donauwörth (and Augsburg) . . . . 110 Kelheim and the Befreiungshalle. The Altmühlthal, 111. — The Danube from Kelheim to Weltenburg, 112. — From Abensberg to Eining (Abusina). The Teufelsmauer, 112. — From Ingolstadt to Augsburg, 113. 25. From Frankfort to Munich by Ansbach and Ingolstadt . . 113 Rothenburg on the Tauber, 114. - • 26. From Stuttgart to Munich . . . . . . . . . . . 118 27. From Leipsic to Munich wiá Hof and Ratisbon . . . . 119 Burg Landshut. From Landshut to Landau, 120. 28. Munich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 29. From Munich to Lindau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 - From Kaufering to Landsberg. From Augsburg to Buchloe. From Buchloe to Memmingen, 167. — Excursions from Lin- dau. The Lake of Constance, 170. 30. From Munich to Salzburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 From Munich to Rosenheim viá Holzkirchen, 170. — The Chiemsee, 171. - - - 31. From Munich to Linz by Simbach . . . . . . . . 474 From Braunau to Steindorf, 172. . 32. From Nuremberg to Furth (and Prague) . . . . . . . 172 From Neukirchen to Weiden, 173. — The Hohe Bogen, 174. 33. From Ratisbon to Passau and Linz . . . . . . . . . 174 Excursions from Passau, 177-179. — The Danube from Passau to Linz, 179. . . . . . - . 34. From Rosenheim to Eisenstein by Mühldorf and Plattling. The Bavarian Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Austria. 35. Vienna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 I. The Inner City and the Ring-Strasse . . . . . . 497 - a. Church of St. Stephen. Graben. Kohlmarkt . 197 b. The Imperial Hofburg and its Collections 199 c. The S.E. Part of the Inner City. 203 d. The N.W. Part of the Inner City 205 e. The Ring-Strasse. tº e 9 - e. 208 CONTENTS. ix Route. - 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 44. 42. 43. 44. e 45 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. II. The Outer Districts . Environs of Vienna. . . . • . . . . . . . . Schönbrunn. Hietzing. Penzing, 239. — Brühl. Laxenburg. Baden, 240-243. — Kahlenberg and Leopoldsberg, 244. — Klosterneuburg. Dornbach. Neu-Waldegg, 245. - From Vienna to Linz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hadersdorf. Haimbach. Mauerbach, 246. — From St. Pöl- ten to Tulln, 247. — From Pöchlarn to Kienberg-Gaming, 247. — From Gaming to Göstling and to Weyer. From Am- stetten to Klein-Reifling. Waidhofen, 248. — St. Florian. Tillysburg, 248. — Excursions from Linz. From Linz to Aigen- Schlägl and to Klaus-Steyrling. Bad Hall, 251. The Danube from Linz to Vienna. . . . . . . From Krems to Absdorf, 255. From Linz to Salzburg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . From Wels to Aschach. From Attnang to Schärding, 256. — Excursions from Salzburg, 261. From Vienna to Gratz . . . . . Gainfarn. Merkenstein, 263. — Excursions from Gratz, 269. — From Gratz to Raab and Stuhlweissenburg. Bad Gleichen- berg, 269 From Gratz to Trieste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radkersburg. From Pragerhof to Kanizsa. Warasdin, 270. — Baths of Rohitsch and of Neuhaus, 271. – From Steinbrück to Agram. The Stalactite Caverns of Adelsberg. From St. Peter to Fiume. Abbazia, 272. — The Reka Cataracts at St. Canzian. From Divača to Pola, 273. — Excursions from Trieste. From Trieste to Herpelje and Pola, 277. From Trieste to Pola and Fiume . . . . Bohemia, and Moravia. Prague . . . 6 g º e º & © & From Dresden to Prague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . From Bodenbach to Dux and Komotau. The Schneeberg, 294. — From Aussig to Teplitz and to Bilin, 295. Teplitz and Environs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eichwald. The Mileschauer. Dux. Ossegg. Battle-field of Kulm, 299. - From Prague to Karlsbad and Eger . . . . . . . . . . From Wejhybka to Kralup. From Saaz to Dux, 300. — From Komotau to Teplitz. From Brüx to Prague. From Komotau to Chemnitz, 301. — From Neusattel to Elbogen. From Fal- kenau to Graslitz, 802. — Excursions from Eger. Franzens- bad, 303. " - - Karlsbad and Environs . . . . . . . . . . . . From Prague to Furth (Nuremberg, Munich) . . . . . Schloss Karlstein. From Zditz to Protivin. Příbram, 309. — From Pilsen to Saaz and Eisenstein, 340. From Eger to Vienna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . From Budweis to St. Valentin. From Sigmunds herberg-Horn to Hadersdorf, 314. — The Krieger-Walhallaat Wetzdorf, 315. From Dresden (Berlin) to Vienna by Tetschen and Iglau From Tetschen to Böhmisch-Leipa and Nimburg, 315. — Exº cursions from Leitmeritz, 316. — From Deutsch-Brod to Pardubitz, 317. — From Okrischko to Brünn. The Thaya- thal. From Znaim to Grussbach, 318. - - Page. 229 239 246 252 256 263 269 277 284 293 304 309 340 315 X CONTENTS. Route. 51. From Prague to Vienna . . . 9. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 62. 63. 64. 65 66. a, Viâ Brünn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . & From Böhmisch-Tribau to Olmütz, 320. — From Brünn to Tischnowitz. From Brünn to Vienna vià, Grussbach. From Brünn to Prerau; to Tepla-Trencsin-Teplicz, 223. – Eisgrub. From Lundenburg to Grussbach, 324. b. Wiá Gmünd . . . e º c. Wià Znaim o o From Pardubitz to Zittau . . . . . . . . . . . . Battle-field of Königgrätz. From Josefstadt to Liebau, 326. — From Alt-Paka, to Trautenau and Johannisbad. From Turnau to Prague, 327. — From Reichenberg to Seidenberg, 328. From Vienna to Breslau . e e º e º tº g o e º e From Prerau to Olmütz. From Olmütz to Jägerndorf. From Pohl to Roschnau, 329. — From Zauchtl to Neutitschein. From Schönbrunn to Troppau and Jägerndorf. From Brieg to Neisse and Gräfenberg, 330. - Hungary, Croatia, and Slavonia. Introductory Remarks . . . . . . . The Danube from Vienna to Budapest . Excursions from Pressburg, 335. Budapest and its Environs . . . . . . . . . . . From Vienna to Budapest vià Pressburg . . . . . . . . From Tót Megyer to Nagy-Belicz; from Gran-Nāna to Ipo- lység, 350 From Vienna to Budapest by Bruck and Neuszóny • The Abbey of St. Martinsberg, 351. — From Raab to Oeden- burg and Ebenfurt. From Neuszöny to Stuhlweissenburg, 352. From Budapest to Stuhlweissenburg, Agram, and Fiume From Siófok to Füred, 353. — From Agram to Sissek, 354. — From Agram to Semlin, 355. From Vienna to Mohács by Kanizsa. . . . . . . . . . The Neusiedler See, 357. — From Steinamanger to Güns, 358. — From Fünfkirchen to Budapest by Dombovár, 358. The Danube from Budapest to Orsova o e © • tº e © § © © o © . From Budapest to Belgrade . . . From Budapest to Temesvár (Báziás) and Werciorowa . . From Szeged in to Arad.: to Semlin, 366. — From Budapest to Temesvár by Arad, 367. — From Temesvár to Báziás, 368. — The Hercules Baths of Mehádia, 368. — From Verciorova to Bucharest, 369. - From Budapest to Debreczin, Szathmār, and Máramaros Sziget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . From Debreczin to Miskolcz, 370. — From Szatmár Nemeti to Nagybánya, 370. — Excursions from Máramaros Sziget, 371. From Grosswardein to Essegg and Willány © From Dalja to Bosnisch-Brod, 373. From Budapest to Klausenburg . . . . . . . . . . From Grosswardein to Er-Mihalyfalva; to Waskoh, 374. From Budapest to Kaschau and Eperjes . . . . . . . . . From Hatvan to Szolnok. Gyöngyös. Erlau, 375. — Diós Györ. Tapolcza. Environs of Kaschau, 376. — From Kaschau to Torna,377. —Bartfeld. From Eperjes to Neu-Sandec. Krynica. Zegiestów. Sczcawnica, 377. - • * * : * : * Page. 349 349 324 3.25 325 328 334 333 337 349 354 353 356 . 358 364 365 369 372 373 375 CONTENTS. Xi Route. 67. 68. 69. 70. 74. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78 * 79. 80. From Kaschau to Máramaros Sziget . e 6 & Q & Q & From Legenye-Mihályi to Przemysl, 378. — Unghvár. From Batyu to Lemberg by Munkacs and £awoczne, 378. From Budapest to Oderberg a & º 3 & 8 & 6 º q From Kis-Terenne to Káal-Kápolma, 379. — Szliásc. Neusohl. Schemnitz. Vihnye, 380. From Fülek to Bánréve, Dobschau, and Miskolcz . © From Feled to Theissholz, 381. — Cavern of Aggtelek. Krasznahorka. Dobschau Ice Cavern, 383. From Pressburg to Tyrnau and Sillein. Waag Valley. . From Tyrnau to Szered, 383. From Oderberg to Kaschau . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rajecz-Teplicz, 385. — Baths of Koritnicza. Djumbir. Demen- falva Cavern. Kozi Kamen, 386. — Excursions from Poprād. Leutschau, 387. — From Margitfalu to Schmöllnitzhiitte, 387. The Tátra Mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Excursions from Schmeks. Kohlbach Valley, etc., 389, 390. — Lake of Csorba. Valley of Mengsdorf, 391. — Kriván. The Steinbach and Weisswasser Valleys, 392. — Cavern of Bela, 393. — From Javorina to the Fischsee and the Five Lake Valley, 393. – Excursions from Zakopane. Magóra, etc., 394. Galicia, and the Bukowina. Introductory Remarks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . From Vienna to Cracow. . . . . . . . . . . Salt Mines of Wieliczka, 399. From Cracow to Lemberg and Czernowitz . . 9 & 0 & From Przemysl to Stanislau, 400. — From Lemberg to Stryj; to Odessa, 401. — From Czernowitz to Bucharest, 403. From Stanislau by Stryj, Neu-Zagorz, and Saybusch to Dziedzitz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transylvania. Introductory Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . From Arad to Hermannstadt . . . . . . . . . . . . The Gold Mines of Nagyag, 409. — From Déva to Vajda Hunyad. From Piski to Petrosény, 410. — From Karlsburg to Abrudbānya, 414. — Heltau. Michelsberg. Rothenthurm Pass. From Hermannstadt by Fogaras to Kronstadt, 413. From Hermannstadt to Kronstadt . . . . . . . . . . Birthelm. Vargyas Valley. Baths of Elópatak, 414. — Ex- cursions from Kronstadt. Rosenau. Törzburg. Tömös Pass. The Siebendörfer, 416. — Land of the Szeklers. From Kron- stadt by Sepsi Szent György to Kézdi Vásárhely and Tus- nád, 416. — From Kronstadt to the Baths of Borszék through the Upper Valley of the Alt and the Gyergyó Plain, and back by Székely Udvarhely to Schässburg, 417, 418. ,- From Klausenburg to Hermannstadt and Kronstadt . . . From Gyéres to Torda and Nagy-Enyed, 418. — From Kocsárd to Maros Vásárhely, Ssasz-Regen, and Bistritz, 418. From Klausenburg to Bistritz. . . . . . . . . . . . From Deés to Nagybánya and Magyar Lápos, 419. — From Sajó Magyarós to Maros Ludas, 420. — From Bistritz to Suczawa in the Bukowina; to Naszód and Rodna, 420. From Kronstadt to Predeal and Bucharest. . . . . From Bucharest to Giurgevo and Smarda, 422. Page. 377 379 384 383 385 388 395 395 400 404 406 409 443 447 418 421 xii - - MAPS AND PLANS. Route. Dalmatia. Excursion to Montenegro. Page. Introductory Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . }; 81. From Pola or Fiume to Spalato . . . . . . . 427 - From Zara to Knin, 429. — From Sebenico to Scardona and the Kerka Falls, 429. — From Sebenico to Knin, 430. - 82. Spalato and Environs . - 430 From Spalato to Traú, 433. — salona, Glissa, and the Sources of the jader, 434. - - - 83. From Spalato to Cáttaro. The S. Dalmatian Islands . . 436 From Almissa to Duare, 436. — From Metković to Gravosa, 487. – Excursions from Ragusa. Lacroma, Lapad. Ombla - Valley, 441. — Cannosa. Trebinje, 442. 84. Excursion to Montenegro . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444 - - . Bosnia. Introductory Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448 85. From Bosnisch-Brod to Sarājevo Excursions from Sarājevo, 452. . . . . . . . . 450 86. From Sarājevo to Mostar and Metković. . . . . . 453 87. From Sarājevo to Goražda and Plevlje, and back to Sa- rájevo by Priebolje and Višegrad . . . . . . . . . 454 88. From Sissek to Novi and Banjaluka, and to Travnik and Sarājevo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 460 - - Maps. 1. SOUTHERN GERMANY AND AUSTRIA : before the Title. 2. The ENVIRONs of STUTTGART: R. 2; p. 3. 3. The Swabi AN ALB : R.R. 8, 9, 11-12; between pp. 36, 37. A. The FRANCONIAN SwitzERLAND: R. 19: p. 67. 5. The FICHTELGEBIRGE: R.R. 18, 21; p. 79. 6. The BAvARIAN For EST : R. 34; between pp. 182, 183. - 7. The ENVIRONs of VIENNA : R. 36; between pp. 238, 239. 8. The DANUBE, FROM PASSAU To THE STRUDEL: R.R. 37, 38; between pp. 250, 251. 9. The DANUBE FROM THE STRUDEL To VIENNA : RR. 37, 38; between - pp. 254, 255. - º - - - 10. The ENVIRONs of TRIESTE: R. 41; p. 275. 11. HUNGARY AND GALICIA: between pp. 330, 331. - 12. Tºº FROM VIENNA To BUDAPEST: RR. 54, 56, 57; between pp. 5 - - 13. The TKTRA MoUNTAINs: R. 72; between pp. 388, 389. 14. TRANSYLVANIA AND Roum ANIA : RR. 76–80; between pp. 406, 407. 15. BosNIA AND DALMATIA : RR. 81-88; between pp. 448, 449 16. RAILWAY MAP of AUSTRIA AND HUN GARY : after the Index. - Plans of Towns. -- Aschaffenburg (p. 56); Augsburg (p. 104); Bamberg (p. 66); Bayreuth (p. 78); Brünn (p. 321); Budapest (p. 337); Constance (p. 47); Cracow (p. 396); Gratz (p. 266); Heilbronn (p. 26); Hermannstadt (p. iſ3); Earls- bad (p. 304); Kissingen (p. 73); Kronstadt (p. 443); Laxenburg (p. 239); Linz (p. 250); Marienbad (p. 305); Munich § 120); Nuremberg (p. 84); Pola (p. 278); Prague (p. 281); Pressburg (p. 334); Ratisbon (p. 105); Salz- burg (p. 257); Stuttgarí (p. 2); Teplitz (p. 304); Trieste (p. 274); Ulm (p. 27); Vienna (p. 185); Vienna (inner town; p. 196); Würzburg (p. 57). INTRODUCTION. I. Language. Money. LANGUAGE. A slight acquaintance with German is very de- sirable for travellers who purpose exploring the more remote dis- tricts of Southern Germany and Austria. Those who do not deviate from the beaten track will generally find that English or French is spoken at the principal hotels and the usual resorts of strangers. But those who are entirely ignorant of the language must be pre- pared frequently to submit to the extortions practised by commis- sionnaires, waiters, cab-drivers, etc., which even the data fur- nished by the Handbook will not always enable them to avoid. MoREY. English sovereigns and banknotes may usually be exchanged at a small premium in the principal towns in Germany, and at a higher premium in Austria (see below; at par, 1 l. = 20 marks = 10 Austr. florins). Napoleons are also favourably re- ceived (20 fr. = 16s. = 16.4. = 8 fl. Austr.). Those who travel with large sums should provide themselves with circular notes (of 10 l. each, issued by the London and other bankers), in preference to banknotes or gold, the value of the former being recoverable in case of 10.SS. - - English, German, and French gold, and also English and Ger- man banknotes, when converted into the paper currency of Austria, bear a premium of 10–20 per cent. Thus the average rate of ex- change for a sovereign or a gold piece of 20.4. is 144/2-42 fl., and for a Napoleon 9-94/9 fl. Those who desire to convert consider- able sums into Austrian notes should be careful to employ none but respectable bankers or money-changers; and they will effect the exchange more advantageously in the principal towns of Au- stria itself than at Munich or other towns of Southern Germany. The Austrian florin, or gulden (= 2s.), contains 100 kreuzers. The paper florin, silver pieces of 5, 10, and 20 kr., and copper pieces of 1 and 4 kr, are in most common circulation. - - - The expense of a tour in Southern Germany and Austria de- pends of course on a great variety of circumstances. It may, how- ever, be stated generally that travelling in these regions is less expensive than in most other European countries. The modest pedestrian, who knows something of the language, and avoids the beaten track of ordinary tourists as much as possible, may succeed in limiting his expenditure to 8-10s. per diem. Those, on the Xiv PASSPORTS, other hand, who prefer driving to walking, frequent hotels of the highest class, and employ guides, commissionnaires, etc., must be prepared to expend 25-308. daily. II. Passports and Custom Houses. PASSPORTs are now unnecessary in Austria, as well as in Ger- many and most of the other countries of Europe, but they are frequently serviceable in proving the identity of the traveller, procuring admission to collections, and obtaining delivery of regist- ered letters. The following are the principal passport-agents in London: Lee and Carter, 440 West Strand; Dorrel and Son, 15 Charing Cross; E. Stanford, 55 Charing Cross; W. J. Adams, 59 Fleet Street. - CUSTOM Hous B formalities are now almost everywhere lenient. As a rule, however, articles purchased during the journey, which are not destined for personal use, should be declared at the frontier. At the Austrian frontier, playing-cards, almanacs, and sealed letters are confiscated if found. Tobacco and cigars, the sale of which in Austria is a monopoly of government, are liable to a duty of 10–25 kr. per lb., besides which a license-fee of 7-14 fl. is exacted. According to the strict rule, one ounce of tobacco and 10 cigars only are exempt from duty. Those who pay duty for cigars or other articles on crossing the frontier should preserve the ‘Bol- lette' or receipt; otherwise they may in some cases be compelled to pay the duty a second time (e. g. on entering a town where civic imposts are levied). III. Conveyances. RAILWAY TRAVELLING in Germany is less expensive than in most other parts of Europe, and the carriages are generally clean and comfortable; but in Austria the fares are somewhat higher, and the carriages inferior. The second-class carriages, furnished with spring-seats, are often superior to those of the first class in England. The first-class carriages, lined with velvet, are com- paratively little used, but are recommended to the lover of fresh air, as he will be more likely to secure a seat next to the window. The third-class travelling community are generally quiet and re- spectable, but the carriages are generally very poor. On a few rail- ways there is even a fourth class, unprovided with seats. Smoking is allowed in all the carriages, except those “Für Nichtraucher' and the coupés for ladies. The average fares for the different classes in S. Germany are 13/5 d., 11/5 d., and 4/5 d. per Engl. M. respectively. The speed seldom exceeds 25M, per hour, and as the railways are generally well organised and under the immediate supervision of government, accidents are very rare. On many lines 20-501bs. of luggage are free, in addition to smaller articles carried in the hand. Over-weight is charged for at moderate rates. In all CONVEYANCES. XV cases the heavier luggage must be booked, and a ticket procured for it. This being done, the traveller need not look after his lug- gage till he arrives at his final destination, where it will be kept in safe custody, generally gratis for the first day or two, until he presents his ticket. When a frontier has to be crossed the traveller is strongly recommended to take his luggage with him, and to superintend the custom-house examination in person. If luggage be sent across a frontier by goods-train or diligence the keys must be sent along with it, as otherwise it will be detained at the custom-house; but the pecuniary saving effected by such a course is far outweighed by the risk of vexatious delays, pilferage, and damage, for which it is difficult or impossible to obtain redress. DILIGENCEs, termed “Eilwagen' or “Mallepostes' in Austria, generally carry three passengers only, two in the intérieur, and one in the coupé. As the latter alone affords a tolerable survey of the scenery, it should if possible be secured in good time. In much frequented districts it is frequently engaged several days before- hand. The guards, who are often retired non-commissioned officers, are generally well-informed and obliging. The usual amount of luggage carried free by the Eilwagen does not exceed 20–30 lbs., over-weight being charged for by tariff. Passengers are required to book their luggage two hours before the time of starting, and so metimes even on the previous evening; but these rules are seldom rigidly enforced. ExTRA-POST. The usual charge in Austria for a carriage for four persons with moderate luggage is (according to tariff) 2 fl. 80 kr, for 2 horses, 80 kr, for the vehicle, and 70 kr. gratuity, i.e. in all 4 fl. 30 kr. (= 8s. 7d.), per stage of 2 German miles (about 91/4 Engl. M.). The tariff, however, differs in almost every province. Return post-carriages are charged for at a lower rate. For a party of four persons posting is cheaper than travelling by diligence, and of course pleasanter. Travellers who are pressed for time should apply in writing at the post-office from 12 to 24 hrs, before starting, and direct a ‘Laufzettel' to be forwarded to the different stations on the route. A change of horses will then be provided everywhere without delay. The fare for half the journey is usually exacted in advance. IV. Hotels. Little variation occurs in the accommodation and charges of first-class hotels in the principal towns and watering-places through- out Germany and Austria ; but it frequently happens that in old- fashioned hotels of unassuming exterior the traveller finds as much real comfort as in the modern establishments, while the charges are lower. The best houses of both descriptions are therefore enumerated. Where the traveller remains for a week or more at a hotel, it xvi HOTELS. is advisable to pay, or at least call for his account every two or three days, in order that errors may be at once detected. Verbal reckonings are objectionable. A waiter's arithmetic is faulty, and his mistakes are seldom in favour of the traveller. It is also objec- tionable to delay paying one's bill till the last moment, when errors or wilful impositions must be submitted to for want of time to in- vestigate them. Those who intend starting early in the morning will do well to ask for their bills on the previous evening. A feature of many of the Austrian inns is the ‘Gastºimmer' for the humbler classes on the ground-floor, while the ‘Salle à Manger' is on the first floor. The refreshments supplied in these different apartments are generally the same, while the charges differ con– siderably. Pedestrians and travellers of moderate requirements will find the country inns in Southern Germany very reasonable, 5–68. a day being generally sufficient to include every item. English travellers often give trouble by ordering things almost unknown in German usage; and they are apt to become involved in disputes owing to their ignorance of the language. They should therefore endeavour to acquire enough of the language to render them intelligible to the servants, and should try to conform as far as possible to the habits of the country. For this purpose Bae- deker’s ‘Conversation Dictionary' and “Traveller's Manual of Con- versation’ will be found useful. . . . • . Valets-de-place generally charge 1 florin for half-a-day, and 2fl. for a whole day. - --. - Abbreviations. R. =: Room. . N. = North, northern, etc. B. = Breakfast. S. = South, etc. D. = Dinner. E. = East, etc. A. = Attendance. W. = West, etc. . L. = Light. - J/4. = mark. M. = English mile. pf. = pfennig. R., L. = right, left. fl. = florin. ft. = English foot. kr. = kreuzer. r Objects of special interest, and hotels which are believed worthy of special commendation are denoted by asterisks. - - - WURTEMBERG, 1. Stuttgart and Environs. Hotels. *MARQUARDT (P1, a ; D, 4), conveniently situated near the station, R. from 2./., L. 50, A. 70 pf., B. 1 ºff., D. at 1 o'clock 3.4., at 5 o'clock 4 J/4., pens. for a prolonged stay at lower charges. – “HôTEL DIERLAMM, Friedrich-Str. 30, near the station; *HôTEL ROYAL (Pl. b : D, 4), Schloss-Str. 5, WEBER, Schloss-Str. 7, both opposite the station; SILBER (Pl. d: E, 5), Dorotheem-Str. 2 and 4; OBERPOLLINGER (P.I. g; D, 4), TEXTOR (Pl. h : D , 4), ZÄcII or PoST, all in the Friedrich-Str., near the station, and inexpensive; KöNIG von WüRTTEMBERG (Pl. c.; D, 5), Kronprinz-Str.; *GALLMANN (or Bãº), Esslinger-Str. 19.; BERTRAND, Calwer-Str. 7. — Pen- sions. Schulz, Wera-Str. 8; How ITZ, Schiller-Str. 3, near the Park; SIGLE, Archiv-Str. 5; OTT, Archiv-Str., 19; ERPF, Neckar-Str. 48B; BUNZEL, Olga- Str. 10; RöTHLING, Olga-Str. 31. Cafés-Restaurants. *Bechtel, in Dannecker's old studio, in the Schloss- platz; Residenz-Café, corner of Friedrich-Str. and Kanzlei-Str. ; *Zäch (see above), Friedrich-Str. 54; Böhm's Wiener Café, Königs-Str. 62; Wiener Café Königsbau, in the Königsbau (p. 2), with ladies' room ; König Karl, Schul- Str. 20, with view of the Königs-Str. ; Krug, Charlotten-Str. 8; Wiener Café Central, Alter Post-Platz. — Restaurants. *Zäch (Café Germania), Königs- Str. 18b; Weber & Fromm, Stifts - Str. 3 (old German wine-room); “Dier- lamm, Friedrich-Str. 30 (also hotel, see above), with a small garden; Schwä- bische Bierhalle, Friedrich-Str.; * Kaiserhof, Marien-Str. 10; Feil, Kronprinz- Str. 1a; Michoud, Linden-Str. 5; Werner, Kronprinz-Str. 12; Rauh, Sophien- Str. 35 ; Adler, Marktplatz 18; Old German Beer-Room, Ledergässchen 6; Hôtel Royal, Hôtel Weber, see above; Friedel (Munich beer), Linden-Str. 14; Railway Restaurant. — Beer Gardens. *Stadtgarten (p. 8), music daily; Englischer Garten, above the horse-groups in the Anlagen, with fine view ; Schützenhaus-Garten, Kanonenweg, with fine view ; Dinkelacker, Böblinger- Str. ; Wulle, Neckar-Str. 60; Liederhalle - Garten (p. 8), frequent perfor- mances by a military band; Teactor, Friedrich-Str. 50 (see above); Tivoli- Reller, Militär-Str. 20; Weiss, Katharinen-Str. 4. Cabs. , Per 1/4 hr., for 1-2 pers. 60 pf., 3-4 pers. 80 pf., 1/2 hr. 1./4. or 1. º. 20, 1 hr. 1.4, 80 or 2./. 10 pf., half-day (6 hrs.) 10 J/4., whole day (10 hrs.) 14 A.; to Berg, Rosenstein, or the Schützenhaus 4 ~/. or 1 .4. 40 pf.; to the Jägerhaus 4 ~/. 30 or 5 MA. 20 pf. In driving to the railway station, theatre, concerts, or at night, the driver may demand the fare in advance. For drives in the environs a bargain should be struck beforehand. Tramway. Chief station in the Schlossplatz, by the Königsbau. Thence every 6 min. through the Neckarstrasse to Berg, and every 12 min. to Cannstatt; through the Esslinger-Str. and Hauptstätter-Str. to the Zahnrad- Station (p. 9); through the Olga-Str. to the Wilhelm-Str., Schloss-Str., Liederhalle, Militär-Str., and Silberburg-Str.: Calwer-Str., Rothebühl-Str., and Schwab-Str.; Friedrich-Str., Krieg-Str., and Prag Cemetery. Fare in the town 10, beyond it 15-20 pf. Railway Station (Staats-Bahnhof) at the corner of the Schloss-Str. and Friedrich-Str. (Pl. D,4). — Post Office (Pl. 36; D, 4), Fürsten-Str. 2. Branch- offices: Paulinen-Str. 13, Wilhelms-Platz 13a, Neckar-Str. 121, Johannes- Str. 35, Olga-Str. 32. — Telegraph Offices at the General Post Office and Paulinen-Str. 13. *Nill's Thiergarten, Herdweg 10 d, 1 M. from the Schloss-Platz, contains a small collection of animals (40 pf.), a skating-rink, and a beer-garden. Exhibition of modern pictures of the Kunstverein, Schelling-Str. (adm. daily except Sat. 9-5, Sun. 11-4; 40 pf.); Herdtle & Peters, Rothebühl-Str. 1b (50 pf.). — The Earhibition of the Kunstgewerbeverein in the Königsbau (see below) is a ſine industrial collection (open daily, adm. 20 pf.). BAEDEKER's S. Germany. 7th Edit. 1 2 Route 1. STUTTGART. Königsbau. Theatres. Royal Theatre, daily; closed in July and August. — Tivoli- theater, Karl-Str. 3, farces and operettas, open from October till April. — Summer Theatre at Berg, see p. 10. Baths. Charlotten-Bad, Charlotten-Str. 15; Johannes-Bad, Rothebühl-Str. 55 (Turkish baths at both); Volksbad, near the Liederhalle. See also pp. 40, 11. The Museum (Pl. 28; D, 5), the property of a club, contains reading- rooms, restaurant, &c. (introduction by a member, available for one month). The Silberburg-Garten, belonging to the Museum , is a pleasant resort at the S.W. end of the town (see p. 9; concerts on Thurs.; dancing once a fortnight; tickets for strangers at the hotels). British Chargé d'Affaires, Lord Vaua, of Harrowden. — United States Consul, Louis Gottschalk, Esq., Hegel-Str. 24. English Church (Pl. 13; F, 6) in the Olga-Strasse; services on Sun. at 8 a. m., 10.30 a. m., and 6 p.m. ; on Frid. and Saints' Days at 10.30. a. m. — Wesleyan Church, Sophien-Str. ; service at 10.30 a. m. — Methodist Chapel at Cannstatt (p. 11). Stuttgart (892 ft.), the capital of Wurtemberg, with 139,660 inhab. (mainly Protestants), a city of comparatively modern origin, is beautifully situated, and surrounded by picturesque wine-clad and wooded heights. The name first occurs in a charter of 1229; from 1265 to 1325 it was the favourite residence of the counts of Wurtemberg; it became the capital of the country in 1482; and at length, in the reign of kings Frederick (1797–1816) and William (1816-64), it attained its present form. In the modern revival of Renaissance forms of art, Stuttgart has taken a prominent part through its numerous talented architects. The town is intersected from S.W. to N.E. by the handsome Königs-Strasse, 3/4 M. in length, formed in part by filling up the old moat. In this street, opposite the Schloss-Platz, rises the imposing Königsbau (Pl. 11; D, 4), 440 ft. long and 135 ft. wide, erected by Leins in 1856–60. In front is an Ionic colonnade, broken by two projecting Corinthian porticoes. The lower story comprises a café and an arcade with shops, above which are large concert and ball-rooms. Exhibition of the Kunstgewerbeverein, see above. Ad- joining the Königsbau is the Palace of the Crown Prince (Pl. 12; D, 4). On the right, farther on, are the Bazaar, the Kanzlei (government - offices), and the ‘Ministerium' of the Exterior, or Foreign Office (Pl. 24; D, 5). The extensive *SOHLoss–PLATz is adorned with a Column (Pl. 24; E, 4), 59 ft. high, erected in 1844 to the memory of King William, and crowned with a Concordia in bronze, 15 ft. high, from a design by Hofer. At the corners of the pedestal are represented the “Lehr- stand’, ‘Nährstand’, ‘Wehrstand' (i. e. the teachers, the bread-win- ners, and the defenders of the country), and Commerce, also by Hofer. The reliefs on the pedestal represent the confirmation of the constitution, the battles of La Fère-Champenoise and Brienne, and the storming of Sens, and are cast in bronze from designs by Wagner. The genii at the base of the two neighbouring fountains, representing the rivers of Wurtemberg, are by Kopp. Opposite rises the Monument of Duke Christopher of Wurtemberg, erected in 1889, adorned with reliefs from his life on the pedestal by STUTTGART. A B C ID 1. Rahnhof' D.4. 22. Abſarºktharºe E.5, 44.5% age º ... º. º.º." Bº º — E4. 5 Bürgerºpital C.5. Monumente. 464arnhalle—C#. Casernen. 24 ºzºnº E4 ºilanº-º: Nº || 4.6a-de-C. B3, 25 Heiters. Herzoysºberhāng; 4840llamº Bº. 3...e.c. Bº. 26.3%iller – 03. Hôtels, - #: "º ºf 27 ºnze – F.3. a. Amarquardº - ºff: 7&amarinon-hospitaz BC3 ºuseum… . D.5 b. Bºyº – IP3. #...” “... 25 m.º.º.º. rºe #3 cºg rºrtenzerº ºffs 9 Baugewerkschule, C.A. 50. Master-Layer d. Silber— E.5.a. 10. Justiz-Gebaude F.5. (Alterthwº-ſerein) CD.6. - 11. Königsbaw— p. 34.3%turaßencabinet E.F.5. - 12 frozºrºnzen-Palas D.45. 32. Diakonissezvanstalt A.4. #%.pollinger ;: is cº- F.6. #. Ze –?: --- # %.º. - B£3. #. - - ty 3.7. s 0. ºpiº-ºº. 37 ºn, P. F.;. 16. Bºards-K, DE 4, ##%. T^* †. 2 ** 2 17. & Jeozºza-dººr. E.6. 59. Reithau.” E Tº.4 - * 2. 18.8 ºh –I).5, 40%. 43. - ºtai -ºº. 41 ºn... i. 2, 2 20-ſºederhade B4. 42 ºz. D.E.5 - 2Lºinist decauswärtigen D5. 43&º. p. * ierºarten T- - % ºxº * Nº % “jº, * sº t - Harus-Lindeº Geograph. Amstalt won 1 : 15.000 - Wagner & Debes TT N 'N ź S$ º © 㺠<ºss & * Huº H.ULL ) W. - aſſ;N “13 II º §º yº s # %3 4. º º:*::\ §§ §º R §§§ - - tº: A N tº: ºš § N * * - >TS º º Palace. STUTTGART. 1. Route. 3 Müller. In the grounds to the right is a Marble Bust of Dannecker, crowned by a genius in bronze. A military band plays daily in the square (12 to 12.30 p.m., except during the autumn manoeuvres). The new Palace (P1.40; E, 4, 5), begun in 1746, and completed in 1807, consists of a central building adorned with a gilded crown, and of two wings, and contains about 360 apartments. The hall, the staircase, and the ‘marble', the ‘blue', the “white', and the ‘din- ing' rooms are best worth seeing. Cards of admission obtained daily from the intendant. The ground-floor contains a series of large “Frescoes by Gegenbaur, executed in 1843-45, chiefly from the history of Count Eberhard im Bart (see below). Among the pictures may be mentioned: Pollak, Oriental woman with carrier-pigeon; E. Stöckler, Lady of the 18th cent. (water-colour). Sculptures: Dannecker, Bacchus, Venus. Few of the others are original works. Then china from the factories of Ludwigsburg and Meissen, Sèvres porcelain presented by Napoleon I., Pompeian antiques, etc. The private apartments of the king (special permission necessary) contain a collection of upwards of 500 Majolica vases of the 16th cent. (from Faenza and Ur- bino), purchased at Venice in the 18th cent. by Duke Charles Eugene. The N. wing of the palace adjoins the Theatre (Pl. 45). On the E. side of the palace are the Private Royal Stables (Pl. 19), and at the end of the Königs-Strasse are the Royal Mews (Pl. E., 3). The Old Palace (Pl. 42; D, E, 5), on the S. side of the Schloss- Platz, erected by Tretsch in 1558–70, forms an irregular quadrangle, with round towers at the corners and a court surrounded by arcades in the middle. On the S. side is the entrance to the tasteful Gothic Chapel (restored). In the court rises the equestrian Statue of Count Eberhard im Bart (Pl. 25), a Count of Wurtemberg (d. 1496) who was created a duke by the Emp. Max, by Hofer. This palace contains the office of the Obersthofmeister, or chief inten- dant of the palace (see p. 10; office-hours 8-9 a.m. from 15th April to 15th Oct., Sundays and holidays excepted). In the E. tower the second floor is reached by an inclined plane instead of a Staircase. In the Schiller-Platz, which adjoins the Old Palace on the W., rises the *Statue of Schiller (Pl. 26; D, 5), designed by Thorvaldsen, and erected in 1839 by subscriptions from all parts of Germany. On the S. side of the Schiller-Platz is the *Stiftskirche (Pl. 18), Prot. Since 1532, in the Gothic style, erected 1436–95, and restored by Heideloff in 1841, Towers unfinished. Reliefs on the S. Portal: Christ bearing the Cross, Christ and the Apostles. *Stained Glass of 1848-51, from drawings by Neher: in the choir the Nativity, Crucifixion, and Resurrection ; in the organ-choir King David. By the N. wall of the choir, eleven “Stone Figures of Counts of Wurtemberg, dating from the close of the 16th century. In the choir is the painted stone monument of Count Albert von Hohenlohe (d. 1575; generally covered). Gothic pulpit in stone, of the 15th cent., with reliefs, disfigured by bronz- ing. In the N. aisle an old relief in stone, representing Christ as the Judge of the world (above), and the Wise and Foolish Virgins (below). A few paces to the S. lies the MARKET PLACE (P1, D, 5, 6), the centre of old Stuttgart, with a few patrician dwelling-houses of the { % 4 Route 1. STUTTGART. Academy. 16th cent. and the insignificant Town Hall (Pl. 38). The Markt- Strasse leads S.E. to the St. Leonhardsplatz, with the late-Gothic church of St. Leonhard (Pl. 17; E, 6). * The Olga-Strasse, which runs hence to the E., and in which is the new English Church (Pl. 13; F, 6), built by Wagner, and the Neckar-Strasse, which begins at the Charlottenplatz, are among the finest of the new streets. - At the beginning of the NECKAR-STRASSE (through which runs the tramway to Berg and Cannstatt, p. 10), on the right, is the Palace of Prince William (Pl. 37; E, F, 5). In the Charlottemplatz opposite are Marble Busts of Bismarck and Moltke, by Donn- dorf, erected in 1889. At the other corner of the Charlotten-Str. is the Kriegsministerium or war-office. No. 4, adjoining the palace, is occupied by the State Archives. The extensive and valuable *Cabinet of Natural History (PI. 31), on the middle and upper floors and in the N. wing (Neckar-Str. 6) of this building, is open daily, in summer 11–12 (on Sun. 11-4) and 2–4, in winter 11-12 and 2-3 o'clock, but is closed on the chief holidays. . The collections are divided into two sections, the one general, the other relating to Wurtemberg only. On the ground-floor is the Mineralo- gical-Geognostic-Palaeontological Collection relating to Wurtemberg: miner- als from the Black Forest mines; specimens of the mountain-formations from the earliest to the latest periods; and prehistoric antiquities down to the lake-dwelling era. Observe the numerous saurians (*labyrintho- don, etc.), the pentacrinites, the group with thirteen mammoth’s teeth, and the twenty-four lizards from the white sandstone of Stuttgart. — The second floor contains the Zoological Museum : in the wing to the right are mammalia; in the chief hall to the left are birds (Elliot's Himalaya pheasants), fishes, reptiles; also corals and insects, the finest from S. Africa. — The upper floor, in the wing to the right, contains the Zoolo- gical and Botanical Collections of Wurtemberg (admirably arranged, chro- nologically, topographically, etc.). The main hall on the left is devoted to the general Palaeontological, Mineralogical, and Geognostic Collections, an Osteological Collection, and the general Botanical Collection with herbarium, fruits, woods, etc. The large building opposite, with four wings and three courts, is the Academy (Pl. E, 4, 5), the seat in 1775–1794 of the Karls- Schule (p. 12), founded by Duke Charles, where Schiller received his education as a student of medicine, and where he surreptitiously wrote his ‘Robbers’. The dining-hall contains the King's Private Library. On the ground-floor are guard-rooms. The royal Library (Pl. 2), Neckar-Str. 8, a massive building by Landauer, open every week-day 10–12 and (except Saturdays) 2–5, contains 500,000 vols., 3800 MSS., 7200 Bibles in more than 100 different languages, and 2400 specimens of early printing. The ground-floor of this building is occupied by the Collection of Wurtemberg Antiquities (open on week-days 11-1 and 2–4; in winter 11–12 and 2-3). . . To the right of the entrance-hall are objects from Lake-dwellings and Pre-Roman Tumulé, chiefly found in Wurtemberg. The second compart- ment to the right contains articles of special interest in gold, bronze, and Museum of Art. STUTTGART. 1. Route, 5 iron from the royal tombs at Hundersingen (on the Danube), Klein-Aspergle, and Belle-Remise (Ludwigsburg), proving a commercial intercourse with Italy in the 5th cent. B. C. — Roman Anticaglio. — Objects from Tumuli of the Pre-Carlovingian and the Carlovingian periods, including many gold ornaments, curious silver bar-work, and weapons. – Stove-plates of the 16th cent., in cast and forged iron; objects in tin, bronze, and copper. — Gold and silver ornaments, weapons, and armour, including a curious jousting helmet. The “Red Room”, in the S. wing, contains the Royal Cabinet of Art and Antiquities, founded by the Dukes of Wurtemberg and specially rich in vessels and weapons of the Renaissance. Italian bronzes of the 16th century. In one of the long cases is a pack of cards, painted in the 15th century. On both sides of this room are reproduc- tions of Renaissance apartments. To the left of the entrance-hall we first reach the Ceramic Collection, including numerous tile-stoves of various periods and styles (late-Gothic stove from Ravensburg). The Murschel Collection of Porcelain contains ob- jects chiefly of Ludwigsburg manufacture. The Rococo Room is adjoined by one fitted up in the style of the 17th cent., with guild-insignia and household gear. Opposite is the collection of Glass, Articles in Wood and Leather, Instruments, Teactile Fabrics, and Costumes. The S. Room con- tains the collection of ecclesiastical art, including works by Zeitblom and Schaffner. Fine stained glass. Byzantine and Roman vessels. Carpets and embroideries. Beyond the library are the extensive new Law Courts (PI. F., 4, 5), built by Landauer, with a fine vestibule and jury court. The colossal groups of Law and Justice on the attic-story are by Kopp. Farther down the Neckar-Strasse, in a new building with wings opposite the Mint, is the *Museum of Art (Pl. 29; F, 3; Sun. 11–3, Tues., Wed., Frid, 10–3; in winter Sun. 41–3, Tues., Wed., Frid. 10–3; engravings on Tues., Wed., Thurs. 2-4; stone mon- uments on the ground-floor, Sun. 11-12; on other days, fee). In the court-yard rises an Equestrian Statue of King William I. (d. 1864), by Hofer, erected in 1884. On the ground-floor, Plaster Gasts, including numerous models and casts of Thorvaldsen's works, presented by himself (d. 1844). Of the few original works the chief are Dannecker’s celebrated bust of Schiller in marble (hair partially mutilated by the master himself in a fit of mental aberra- tion), and Kopf’s Bathsheba. - The Picture Gallery is on the upper floor (790 pictures), recently en- larged by the addition of a new S. wing (p. 6), and re-arranged (cata- logue 80 pf.). ROOM. I. (beginning on the right of the entrance): 8. Tintoretto, Portrait of a Venetian Senator; 10. Bonifacio, Adoration of the Shepherds; *16. Giov. Bellini, Pietà, ; 14. Lor. Lotto, Christ on the Cross; 19. Palma Vecchio, Ma- donna and Saints; 23. Carlo Dolci, The Virgin; *33. Titian, Mary Magda- lene; 34. Venetian School, St. Jerome; 38. Titian (copy), Madonna; 45. Fr. Moro, The Magi; 51. Giulio Romano (after Raphael), Madonna della Seggiola; *3. Palma Vecchio, Holy Family; 2. Pordenone, Judith with the head of Holofernes ; 1. Paolo Veronese, Lady in Venetian costume. CABINETS : I. (left) 68. Caravaggio, Soldiers playing dice; (right) 76. Palma's School, Three female half-figures. – II. (left) 93. Bellini, Madonna. - III. Unimportant. — IV. (left) 157. Tiepolo, Finding of Moses; (right) 242- 244. Fra Bartolommeo, Coronation of Mary; 230. Canaletto, Canal Grande at Venice; 225. Pencz, St. Jerome; 220. Spanish School, Pope Clement XII.; *228. School of Titian, Bust portrait of a doge ; 176. Titian, Madonna. — V. and VI. unimportant. Room II. (right) 267. Le Brun, Wild-boar hunt; 268, 272, Kupetzky (d. 1740), Portraits of himself and his wife; 247. Palma Vecchio, Holy Family; 248. Guido Reni, St. Sebastian ; 245. Zurbaran, Holy Family; 239. After 6 Route 1. STUTTGART. Museum of Art. Zeonardo da Vºncé, Portrait of Mona Lisa ; 238. Cesare da Sesto, Madonna and Child with St. Jerome; 259. Claude Lorrain, Landscape; 233. Phil. de Champaigne, Christ on the Mt. of Olives; 215, 217, 209, 212. Canaletto, The Piazzetta and Canal Grande at Venice. * Roomſ III. Netherlands School. (Beginning on the left) 286. After Waº Dyck, Frans Snyders (the painter) and his family; 291. Jan van der Baen, Portrait of a man; 297. Teniers the Younger, Peasants in a tavern; 283. G. Schalcken, Hermit; 284, A. van der Werff, Mary Magdalene; 587. C. Netscher, Portrait of a man ; 301. P. Brueghel the Elder, Landscape with grotto ; 298. Brouwer, Operation on peasant's foot; 299. Roos, Shepherdess and child with cattle resting; 302. Ph. Wouwerman, Two peasants bringing a horse to a gentleman; 305. Van Dyck, De Crayer, the painter; 304. Te- niers the Ežder, Portrait of a man; 306. Van Dyck, Expulsion from Para- dise; 307. Rubéns, Penitent Magdalene; 310. J. van Ruysdael, Forest scene; 311. Teniers the Elder, Portrait of a lady; 314. Pourbus, Portrait of a lady: 309. Ph. Wouwerman, Peasants with horses ; 312. Roos, Animal piece; – 321. Lievens, Portrait of an elderly man; 322. Weenia, the Elder, Shepherd reposing; 325. Hobbema, Landscape; 327. Máerevelt, Dutch Burgomaster; 32S. Rembrandt, St. Paul in prison; 329. Metsu, Portrait of a young lady; 332. A. van Everdingen, Northern landscape; 383. Mierevelt, Portrait of a man; 336. Jordaens, Vertumnus and Pomona; – 338. School of Rem- brandt, Portrait of a boy; 342, C. Huysman, Landscape: 341, Ph. Wouwer- man, Wagoner; 344. Wybrandt van Geest, Dutch family; 345. Van Dyck, The dead Christ mourned by Mary, Mary Magdalene, St. John, and an angel: 346. Ph. Wouwerman, Horses by a village tavern; 347. C. Huysman, Landscape; 348. Teniers the Younger, Alchemist; – 356. M. d’Hondecoeter, Poultry; 359. Frans Hals, Man with falcon; 358. P. Brueghel, Christ entering Jerusalem; 364. Hondecoeter, Poultry. CoRRIñoſt. Chiefly small Dutch pictures: 393, 396, 406, 409. Jam Brueghel, Allegorical representations of the elements; 407. J. B. Weemiæ, Dead game ; 408, 432 A. van der Weer, Moonlight landscapes; 418. Style of Van der Meer, Landscape; 480. Gov. Flinck, Landscape with accessories; 434. K. du Jardin, Landscape; 437. A. van Ostade, Rustic scene; 438. Jam. Brueghel, Diana and her nymphs in a Silvan landscape (accessories by H. van Balem); 443. Teniers the Younger (?), Peasants in a tavern; 444. Van Dyck, Portrait of a man in Dutch costume; 445. K. du Jardin, Landscape; 447. Roos, Evening-scene, with herd of cattle; 448. Temiers the Younger, Peasants playing cards; 449. After Dou, A Scholar; 453. S. Konink, A Scholar; 455. Bakhuysen, Rough sea, with vessels; 460. J. Brueghel, Ca- valiers and wagoners in a Silvan landscape. Room. To THE RIGIIT (adjoining the Corridor). Continuation of small Dutch and German pictures. 573, 563. Denner, Portraits; 574, 564. Rºgen- das, Battle, Encampment; 566, 579. Frank, Adoration of the Magi; 581, 589. Rugendas, Battle-pieces; 585. Frank the Elder, The Magi; 588. Denner, Por- trait; 591. Elsheimer, Deliverance of St. Peter. Roomſ IV. Old German Masters, particularly of the Swabian School. Barth. Zeitblom is well represented. 464, Mabuse, Crucifixion; (No nr.) School of Holbein the Younger, Portrait; 524. Barth. Schön, Coronation of the Virgin; *522. Memling, Bathsheba; 526. School of Ulm, Portrait of Frau von Ehinger, wife of a patrician of Ulm ; 513. Beham, St. Benedict; — 494. Amberger, Portrait; — 488. Herlin, The Magi on the way to Beth- lehem ; 488, 481. C. Wos, Scenes from the life of St. George ; 477. Herlin, Entombment; 479, 475, Barth. Schön, Entombment, Flight into Egypt. RoOM adjoining the 4th Saloon. Also old German pictures. (Right) 528. School of Holbein, Portrait; 529, 532. Lucas Cranach, Judith, Portrait; 546. School of Holbei? the Younger, Portrait of a town-councillor. Adjoining the Corridor is the new South Wing, in the five rooms of which the pictures of the modern masters are arranged. - IsT Roomſ. Several works by the Stuttgart artists Schick (d. 1812) and Wächter (d. 1852). 596, 611. Portraits of Dannecker, by Schick and Zey- bold; 595. Reinhardt, Landscape during a storm ; *598. Jos. Koch, Landscape after a thunder-storm (accessories by Heydeck); 617. Angelica Kaufmann, Portrait of a lady; 622. Kobell, *647. Jos. Koch, Landscapes. Anlagen. ST1JTTGART. 1. Route. 7 2ND Room. To the left: 653. O. Achenbach, Posilipo; 735. Wahl, Wal- lenstein and Seni; 654. Laupheimer, A bashful adorer; 656. Bleibtreu, Battle of Wörth; 657. Barison, Venetian family; 659. Dill, Canal Grande: 696. Funk, The Kaiser-Gebirge; *661. Lier, View on the Scottish coast; 678. Majer, Monk asleep; 662. Ziigel, Autumn; *733. Morgenstern, The Elbe by moonlight; 663. Adam, Hungarian market-scene; *672. Peters, Flowers; 652. Baisch, Curiosity; *675. Aiwasowsky, Sea-piece; 673. Keller, Entomb- ment; *674. Braith, Flock of sheep returning home; (No mr.) Haug, The Prussians at Möckern. - 3RD Room. To the left: *684. A. Zimmermann, The Obersee; 686. Neher, Descent from the Cross; 687. Kleyen, Madonna; *690. Gude, Calm; 694. Bauerle, Orphans; 651. Ludwig, Landscape; 693. Etzdorf, Norwegian scene; 695. Gudin, After the storm; 697. Ebert, The Amperthal; 699. Tille- manns, Gaming; 702. Heck, Itinerant preacher; , 701. Lange, Château of Kolow rat; *703. Tiesenhausen, On the Baltic; 705. Heck, In church; 707. Rurzbauer, The first picture-book; 709. Kappis, Black Forest village in winter; i{4. Neher, The Widow’s Son at Nain; 742. A. v. Werner, Luther at the Diet of Worms. - 4TH Roomſ. To the left: *714. Rottmann, Epidaurus; 715. Closs, Ha- drian's Villa at Tivoli; *716. Dietz, Scene outside the gates of Leipšic in 1813; *747. Birkel, Tyrolese pass; 719. Schaumann, Popular fête at Cann- statt; 722. Rustige, Emp. Otho I. after the conquest of the Dames; *723. Schönleber, Evening at Dort: 725. Bockelmann, At the pawnbroker's; *727. Lessing, Franconian mountain-scene; 730. Woltz, Alpine herd-girl; 729. R. Jordan, Shipwreck; 732. Brackeleer, Peasants drinking; (No nr.) Zorn, King Charles of Wurtemberg; 740. Funk, Scene in the Eifel; 742. Löfftz, Eras- mus; 744. Ludwig, The St. Gotthard. 5TH Roomſ. To the left: *746. Jos. Brandt, Cavalry-skirmish; 747. Mali, North Italian mountain scene; *748. W. v. Kaulbach, Battle of Sala- mis, a sketch in colours; 750. Schendel, Vegetable-seller; 749. Schleich, Landscape; *751. Defregger, The wounded huntsman; 753. Faber du Faur, Battle of Coeuilly, 1870; 754. Rethel, Finding of the body of Gustavus Adolphus at Lützen; 755. Rottmann, The Hintersee; 756. Grünenwald, Hailstorm in harvest; 757. Hummel, Mountain scene; *758. O. Achenbach, The strangers' cemetery at Rome; 759. Feuerbach, Iphigeneia; *760. Makart, Cleopatra; 761. Löffler, Jerusalem; 762. Bohn, Serenade; 763. Peters, Hunt- ing-seat in winter; 765. Riedel, Medea ; *764. A. Achenbach, Dutch land- scape; 766. Brion, Marriage-procession in Alsace; 767. Ebert, Forest-scene; 768. Schrøder, Shakespeare brought before the justice for poaching; *769. Braith, Cattle in a thunderstorm; 770. Faber du Faur, Battle of Cham- pigny; 771, Häberlin, Suppression of the Wurtemberg monastery of Alpirs- bach in 1648; 772. Mali, The shepherd's morning-greeting; 773. Schleich, Landscape; 774. Gegenbaur, Hercules and Omphale; 775. Rustige, the Duke of Alva in the castle of Rudolstadt; 776. Schütz, Midday-rest in harvest; 777. Leu, The Hohe Göll near Berchtesgaden. On a height to the right of the museum is the Kunstschule (Pl. F, 4), adorned externally with frescoes and with statues of Phidias, Polygnotus, Michael Angelo, and Raphael on the eastern façade in the Urban-Str. — Near the Museum, in a niche on a house at the corner of the Eugen-Str. and the Moser-Str. (Pl. 7, 4), is a bronze }} of the jurist Joh. Jac. Moser (1701-85), by Kopp, erected in 885, - On the W. side of the Neckar-Strasse are the *Anlagen, or Schloss- Garten (PI. E, F, 3, 2, 1). These charming pleasure-grounds, with their fine groups of trees, flower-beds, and sheets of water, extend- ing to a length of 2 M. (nearly to Cannstatt), are adorned with modern sculptures in marble (chiefly copies from the antique), especially in the so-called Botanic Garden to the E. of the upper 8 Route 1. STUTTGART. Stadtgarten. pond. Above the conduit which feeds the pond, on the side next the palace, is a colossal group by Dannecker, representing water and meadow nymphs. In the ‘Rondel' of the main avenue: Count Eberhard and the shepherd (from Uhland), a colossal group by Paul Müller. On an island at the end of the main avenue is the Abduction of Hylas (Pl. 10); a little farther on are two Horse- tamers, both groups by Hofer. - We now enter the N.W. quarter of the town, and note the fine buildings of the Württembergische Vereinsbank and the Reichsbank, both in the Friedrich-Strasse. The Kriegsberg-Strasse and the Goethe– Strasse (in which stands the Military Headquarters, P1. C, D, 3, 2) contain perhaps the handsomest new buildings in this quarter. The Polytechnic School (Pl. 35; C, 3), in the Alleen-Strasse, erected in the Italian Renaissance style by Egle in 1860–65, and enlarged by Tritschler in 1878, is adorned to the right and left of the door with statues of Dürer and Kepler. Between the Corinthian columns on the upper story are ten allegorical statues representing the professions for which a technical education prepares the stu- dent; above are two admirable allegorical representations of Art and Science, by Th. Bechlar of Munich. There are also medallion- portraits of Schinkel, Redtenbacher, Beblinger, and Syrlin. The garden in front was adorned in 1889 with marble busts of Fried. Vischer and Rob. Mayer. -- - The *Stadtgarten (Pl. C, 4; concerts in summer almost daily, in winter Wed. and Sat., adm. 50 pf.) is a favourite pleasure- resort, with a restaurant. On the W. side is the Gewerbehalle (P1. C, 4, 3), the building of the Industrial Exhibition of 1884, now containing the Earchange (business-hour 2-3 p.m.) and an exhibition of Eaſport Products. In the vicinity is the handsome Architectural School (Pl. 9; C, 4), with a Mansard roof and fine courts, by Egle. In the Linden- Strasse are the Gymnastic Hall (Pl. 46; C, 4), the Realgymnasium, and the Garrison Church (P1. B, C, 4), a brick edifice in the round- arch style by Dollinger, with a dome and corner-towers. Near this, at No. 9 Hoppelau-Str., is the Liederhalle (Pl. 20; B, 4), the property of a vocal society, with large concert-rooms. The new hall, built by Leins in 1875, is the largest in Germany, having an area of 1600 sq. yds. In the garden-veranda are plaster models of the statues of Schiller at Marbach and Uhland at Tübin- gen. The garden contains a colossal bust of Uhland in bronze, and marble busts of G. Schwab and *Franz Schubert. Between the Schloss-Strasse, Kasernen-Strasse, and Lange-Strasse (PI. B, 5) rise the imposing new Municipal School Buildings. Farther W., in the Lindenspir-Strasse, is the Ludwig Hospital (“Charlottenhilfe'), founded and admirably fitted up by the late Staatsrath v. Ludwig. In the late-Gothic Spitalkirche (PI. 15; C, 5), erected in 1471-93, and restored in 1841, is a model of Dannecker's large marble statue Hasenberg. STUTTGART, 1. Route. 9 of Christ (p. 409). The cloisters contain the tomb of Reuchlin (d.1522), the erudite friend of Melanchthon. A few hundred paces distant (Hospital - Strasse 38) is the Synagogue (Pl. 44), in the Moorish style, with two handsome domes, erected in 1861. The Industrial Museum (in the LegionsCaserne, Pl, 30; C, D, 6), a comprehensive collection of Wurtemberg products (upwards of 40,000 specimens), is open on week-days 10-12 and 2-6; part of it is open on Sundays also from 10.30 to 12.30 (gratis). . In the Feuersee (Pl. B, 7), in the S.W. quarter of the city, is the handsome Gothic *Church of St. John, by Leins, finely situated, with richly painted interior. In the vicinity is the Silberburg-Garten (Pl, B, C, 8; p. 2), in the grounds below which, between the Marienthor and the Silberburgthor, is a marble bust of E. Mörike, the poet (d. 1875), by Roesch, – In the Böblinger-Str. is the Ro- man Catholic *Marienkirche (Pl. C, 7, 8), early-Gothic, with two towers, by Egle. Among the handsome houses of the Reinsburg- Strasse, which connects these two churches, are the * Willa Siegle by Gnauth, and the houses of Hr. Bohnenberger by Beisbarth, and Prof. Rustige by Leins. – The suburb of Heslach has a new RO- manesque church by Wolff. In the Fangelsbach Cemetery, to the S. E. of the town, stands the War Memorial, designed by Gnauth, representing Germania dispensing wreaths. — The Central Cemetery, on the Prag (p. 14), to the N.W., containing a Gothic burial-chapel and several handsome mausoleums, commands a fine view. Charming walk on the E. side of Stuttgart, from the Neckar-Str. through the Eugen-Str. (Pl. F, 4) to the Eugen-Platz, with a fine fountain- figure by Rieth, and past the Schiesshaus to the *Uhlandshöhe ('ſº hr.), with a series of charming views of Stuttgart and the valley of the Neckar, the finest points being the pavilion at the top and ‘Uhland's Lime-tree". A similar point is the Schillerhöhe, on the Bopser, to the S.E., reached by the Neue Weinsteige (PI. D, E, 8), commanding varied views during the winding ascent. Between these hills, and close to the town, rises the Stätzenburg (Pl. F, 7), affording a good survey of Stuttgart. The MoUNTAIN RAILwAY (Zahnradbahn, ‘rack-and-pinion line") to Deger- loch (Schweizerhaus; Wilhelmshöhe Inn, with garden) starts from the Filder-Str. (below P1. C., 8). At least 6 or 8 trains daily each way (12-14 min. ; up 30, down 20 pf.); views on the left. Splendid view from the tower, 5 min. from the station at the top (20 pf.). Tramway from the Schloss-Str. every 36 min. ; see p. 1. - An “ExCURSION TO THE HASENBERG BY THE GAU RAILWAY will be found interesting (views to the left). On quitting the station, the line (for Böblingen, Freudenstadt, etc.; see R. 10) describes a sharp curve round the brick-works on the Prag-Aecker, and then runs southward in the direction of the vine-clad Kriegsberg, which juts far into the valley. On the top of the latter (to the right) is the Feuerbacher Heide, at the end of which is the popular Weissenhof restaurant, with a pretty view. The gradient is very steep (1:52). Beyond a tunnel, 500 yds. long, we obtain to the left a striking *VIEw of the town, with the dome of the new gar- rison-church in the foreground and the picturesque hills opposite. The train continues to ascend the slopes of the valley, through gardens and vineyards, and describes a wide circle round the town. The view in- creases in attraction. After 20 min. we cross the Vogelsang-Thal by a viaduct 130 ft. in height, and stop at the station on the Hasenberg (1210 ft. above the sea, 394 ft. above the station at Stuttgart), which lies at the 10 Route 1. ROSENSTEIN. Stuttgart corner of the wood. This point, which commands the whole town and the valley of the Neckar, may also be reached by the new and winding Rothebühl-Strasse (PI. A., 7). Still finer views are obtained from the *Jägerhaus (Restaurant), near which a bust of the novelist Hauff was erected in 1882, and from the (1/4 hr.) stone *Belvedere Tower, 130 ft. in height, erected in 1879 (cross the rails and enter the wood): the view extends as far as the Wartberg at Heilbronn and the Melibocus; to the S. the entire chain of the Swabian Alb, with the Hohenstaufen, Rech- berg, Neuffen, Achalm, and Hohenzollern. From the Jägerhaus through the woods to the Gais-Eiche, */4 hr. The direct path from the Jägerhaus to Stuttgart descends abruptly in 20–25 min., passing on the right the reservoir of the new aqueduct and the Reinsburg, with the Karls-Linde (Pl. B., 8), a hill affording a fine view, immediately to the S. of Stutt- gart. Tramway from the Schwabstrasse, see p. 1. FROM STUTTGART To CANNSTATT, 24/2 M. The RAILWAY (R. 8; 8–11 min.) penetrates the Rosenstein (see below) by a tunnel 450 yds. long, crosses the Neckar, and reaches the station of Cannstatt, On the left bank. The TRAMWAY (p. 1; 21/2 M. from the Palace at Stuttgart, in 20 min.) traverses first the Neckar-Strasse (p. 4), and then the Untere Neckar-Strasse (view of the Royal Villa, see below), which extends to the chief tramway station at Berg. Berg (Grüner Hof; Leuze's Pension, see p. 11), a suburb of Stuttgart, sharing its rapid growth, lies on the left bank of the Neckar. Newner's Mineralbad, near the tramway-terminus at the ex- tremity of the village, contains a swimming-bath (open in winter also), an aquarium and a favourite open-air theatre. On a slight eminence above the village rises the Gothic church, built by Gaab in 1855, with open tower. The Royal Villa, on the summit, a modern Renaissance edifice, built by Leins in 1846–53, and surrounded with gardens and hot-houses, commands a charming view. In the interior are pic- tures by Nic. de Keyser, Kaminski, Bohn, Karl Müller, etc., and sculptures by Temerami and other masters. In the garden statues of the four seasons by Kopf, and busts in bronze of Nicholas, Emperor of Russia, and his consort, by Rauch. Tickets of admission ob- tained at the office of the Obersthofmeister, at the Alte Schloss (ground-floor, 8-9 a.m.; see p. 3). - w The Rosenstein, a villa in the Roman style on the adjacent hill, with colonnades, built by Salucci in 1823–29, is also accessible by ticket as above (fee). --- Statuary in the interior: Wagner, Pan and Bacchante; A. Wolff, En- chantress kneeling; in the chief saloon, with frieze by Weitbrecht, represent- ing rural occupations: Wagner, Psyche and Ganymede; Dannecker, Cupid ; Tenerani, Venus holding a bow; Hofer, Cupid breaking his bow ; Rosetti, Esmeralda teaching her goat to read. . ~ The best Pictures are arranged in nine rooms on the N. side of the building (catalogue to be obtained of the steward): 10. Hetsch, Female head; 13, 14. C. Vernet, Sea-pieces; 24. Palma Vecchio, Petrarch and Laura; 25. Doménichino, Cleopatra; 35. Correggio (?), Susanna; 40. P. Bordone, Pomona; 61, 62. Bakhuysen, Cattle; 63. De Keyser, Raphael's Fornarina; 65. Neher, Roman ‘Pifferari’; 72, Calame, Landscape; 77. A. Werner, and Environs. CANNSTATT. 1. Route. 11 Balace of the Doges at Venice; 82. Van Hoove, Palace at the Hague; 88. Schelfhout, Sea-piece; 94. Riedel, Girl making wreaths; 97. Bamberger, Sor- rento; 98. Riedel, Peasant-woman of Nettuno; 100. Ebert, Lago di Garda; 112. Müller, Faust and Helen; H. Wernet, 119. Prayer in the desert, 121. Post of the desert; 123. G. Bohn, St. Elizabeth; 127. Guffens, Two Italian women; 184. Steuben, Esmeralda; 137. Gegenbauer, Shepherd and flute- player; 140. Rottmann, Messina; 141: Peters, Mömpelgard; 149. Feuerbach, Roman woman ; 152. Funk, Schloss Tirol; 153. Calame, The Lake of Brienz ; 158. Gegenbaur, Italian woman; 162. Maes, Neapolitan woman praying; 166. Gurlitt, Acropolis; 171. Peters, Château Misox on the Bernardino. Also Frescoes by Dietrich, History of Bacchus; and by Gegenbaur, Olympus (in the dome). The Sprudel, which bursts from the earth like that of Carlsbad, and other mineral springs on the Neckar-Insel, an island which extends from Berg almost to Cannstatt, has given rise to a number of bath-houses (*Leuze's Inselbad, with pension; band plays at 6 a.m.; closed in winter). The Cannstatt road, which the tramway follows from Berg, skirts the foot of the Rosenstein, and beyond the lower entrance to the Wilhelma crosses the Neckar. The *Wilhelma, an edifice in the Moorish style, in the midst of well-kept grounds, was erected for King William I. in 1842–51 (adm. see p. 10; fee). The Festsaalbau contains a single saloon sumptuously fitted up. It is connected by means of circular colonnades with two Pavilions (that to the right contains a Picture Gallery, of Oriental subjects only) and with the Château itself on the upper terrace. In the centre of the latter is the audience-chamber, on the right a drawing-room, on the left the king's study. There are also bedrooms, dressing-rooms, and a bath-room (with a fine stalactite ceiling). At the back of the château several other terraces rise to the plateau of the hill, on the summit of which is a Belvedere, also in the Moorish style, commanding a charming view. The lower terraces within the colonnades are embellished with flower-beds, fountains, and groups of animals in marble and bronze by Güldenstein. Cannstatt. – Hotels: KARL-OLGA-BAD, for patients; VIER JAIRES- ZEITEN and BAHNHOF-HôTEL, at the station, second class; BAR, in the market- place. PENSION LIEB. — Restaurants: Kursdal; Sannwald; Krauss; Krone. Sanatory. Establishments: Dr. Veiel’s, for cutaneous diseases; Wil- helmsbad, the property of the town, open in winter also. Baths also in the Russischer Hof and the Wewes Cannstatter Mineralbad, Badgasse (also open in winter). - *Popular Festival, with exhibitions, races; etc., every alternate year, beginning on 28th Sept., and lasting 3–7 days. - Cannstatt, a town with 20,267 inhab., possesses warm saline and chalybeate springs which attract a number of patients, but is gradually becoming a manufacturing place. The Kursaal, with the Wilhelmsbrunnen (63-65°Fahr.), the chief mineral spring, lies on the Sulzerain (view), on the N. side of the town. Adjacent are a Whey-Cure establishment, a restaurant, a reading-room, and a Trink- halle. In front of the Kursaal is a bronze Equestrian Statue of King William I. (d. 1864), by Halbig, erected in 1875. — In the Uffkirchhof is the grave of Ferdinand Freiligrath, the poet (d. 1876), with a bronze bust by Donndorf. 12 Route 2. BRU CHSAL. The "Burgholz, 4 M. from Stuttgart and 2 M. from Cannstatt (refresh- ments at the Burgholzhof), affords a fine view of Stuttgart and up the valley of the Neckar. About 6 M. to the S. of Stuttgart (railway wià Degerloch and Möhringenin 55 min.)lies Hohenheim, a château built by Duke Char- les in 1768, now an agricultural school. Fine view from the top. — Klein–Hohenheim, Scharnhausen, and Weil, with their model-farms and the horse-breeding establishment at Weil, may be visited on the same day as Hohenheim. Permission obtained at the offices of the Hofdomâne, Friedrich-Str. 26. Weil is 11/2 M. from Esslingen (p.26). Unter- and Ober-Türkheim and the Rothenberg, see p. 25. The Solitude, 6 M. to the W. of Stuttgart, built in 1767 by Duke Charles, was in 1770-75 the seat of the Karls-Schule, where Schiller received part of his education , before its transference to Stuttgart (p. 4). Schiller's father was inspector of the gardens here. The grounds and park com- mand a fine view (best from the dome of the Schloss). A whey-cure establishment here attracts visitors in summer. In the vicinity is a well- stocked deer-park, with the ‘Bärenschlösschen” and the Bären-See. Deer fed at 11 a.m., wild boars at 6 p.m. (cards of adm. at the office of the royal chasse, in the Academy, p. 4). 2. From Heidelberg to Stuttgart by Bruchsal. 69 M. RAILWAY in 3-4!/2 hrs. — Route vià Heilbronn, see R. 4. The line traverses a fertile plain, within a short distance of the mountains. Stations Kirchheim, St. Ilgen, Wiesloch. Nearing (15 M.) Langenbrücken (Ochs; Sonne), a small place with sulphur-baths, we notice Kislaw, once a château of the prince-bishops of Speyer, now a penitentiary for women, on the right. 201/2 M. Bruchsal (*Hôtel Keller, *Rose, both near the station; *Railway Restaurant) is the junction of the Bâle line (see Baedeker's Rhine). The town (11,700 inhab.) was formerly the residence of the Bishops of Speyer, whose Schloss, a fine rococo edifice, hand- somely fitted up, and adorned with frescoes by Zick, is worthy of a visit. The castellated building on the left as the station is approa- ched is a prison, erected in 1845. r - Beyond Bruchsal a short tunnel, 24!/2 M. Heidelsheim. 27 M. Gondelsheim, with the ruined castle and modern château of Count Langenstein. - - 30 M. Bretten (*Vier Jahreszeiten, moderate; *Krone, in the town), a small town commanded by an ancient watch-tower, was the birthplace of Melanchthon (1497–1560), to whom a monument has been erected. Branch-lines to Durlach and Heilbronn, pp. 15, 18. — 36 M. Maulbronn. - Maulbronn (2 M. from the station ; Kloster or Post; Brewery, good beer, also beds; post-omnibus to the village thrice daily in 25 min.) pos- sesses a Protestant theological seminary, which was once a celebrated Cistercian abbey, and afterwards, the seat of the ‘monastery school' founded by Duke Christopher in 1556. The *Abbey Church, consecrated in 1187, is a fine Romanesque basilica with aisles. The late-Gothic chapels on the S. side were subsequent additions. A Romanesque Screen With two doors separates the choir of the monks from the mave ; in front of the central niche are a richly-decorated throne and an altar LUDWIGSBURG. 2. Route. 13 with a colossal crucifix dating from 1473. The choir, adorned with two handsome Gothic windows, contains 92 well-carved stalls in the late-Gothic style. Each of the transepts, on the N. and S. side of the choir respectively, contains three rectangular chapels. At the W. end of the church is a *Vestibule (“Paradies') with elegant late-Romanesque arcade-windows and fine vaulting. The *Cloisters on the N. side of the church are interesting. The S. passage, in the transition style (1303), is the richest; the others, in the Gothic style, are simpler. In front of the N. wing of the cloisters is a tastefully-constructed well-house. Beyond it is the Summer-refectory (‘Rebenthal'), with fine vaulting. Other apartments (chamber of flagellation, chapter-house, audience saloon, residence of the Superior) adjoin the E. side of the cloisters. On the W. side is the winter or lay-refectory, divided into two parts by seven double columns. The entire structure, one of the best preserved of the older monasteries of Germany, has been restored under the superintendence of Landauer. — A pleasant road, partly through wood, leads by (3 M.; diligence twice daily in 3/4 hr.) the Small town of Anittlingen (Kanne), the traditional birthplace of Dr. Faust, to Bretten (See below). The train now passes through a tunnel of 357 yds., under the watershed between the Neckar and the Rhine. 40 M. Mühlacker, junction for Pforzheim (p. 14); 44 M. Illingen; 47 M. Waihingen; 50 M. Gross-Sachsenheim. On the left rise the Stromberg and the Heuchelberg, two low, wooded chains of hills. The train traverses the old Kraichgau and Salzgau, a fertile, hilly district, and crosses the deep valley of the Eng by a *Viaduct, 115 ft. high, and 357 yds. long, supported by 21 arches, in two series, one above the other (well seen from the Bietigheim station). At (541/2 M.) Bietigheim the line to Heilbronn and Hall diverges to the N. (see R. 4). Beyond Bietigheim the line presents few attractions. 561/2 M. Thamm. Farther on, to the left, near (571/2 M.) Asperg, rises a vine-clad hill (*view) crowned by the small fortress of Hohenasperg, where Duke Charles confined the poet Schubart from 1777 to 1787 for having composed a satirical epigram on him. - 60 M. Ludwigsburg (Bär), a dull town with 17,397 inhab., the military depôt of Wurtemberg, contains an arsenal, cannon- foundry, barracks, military schools, &c. It was founded at the be- ginning of last century by Duke Eberhard Ludwig (d.1733; whose statue adorns the market-place), as a rival of Stuttgart, and was ex- tended by Duke Charles, who resided here in 1764–85. The streets are broad and regular. The Marble Statue of Schiller in the Wilhelmsplatz, by Hofer, was erected in 1882. The Palace (un- inhabited), containing 460 rooms and a gallery of the portraits of Sovereigns of Wurtemberg, is surrounded by extensive, well-kept grounds. The balcony of the Emichsburg, an artificial ruin, com- mands a fine view. A subterranean vault contains a representation in wax of Count Emich, an ancestor of the royal House of Wurtem- berg, carousing with a Capuchin. In the cellar is a Cask with a capacity of 20,000 gallons. At the S. E. extremity of the Schloss- Garten is the Churchyard, containing Dannecker's monument to Count Zeppelin (d. 1801), the minister of King Frederick, erected by order of the latter. — The N. prolongation of the grounds is the 14 Route 3. PFORZHEIM. Favoriten-Park, connected by an avenue of poplars with the (41/2 M.) Seegut (or Monrepos), a royal château with a model farm. Ludwigsburg is connected by a branch - railway with (3 M.) Beihingen (p. 22), on the railway from Backnang to Bietigheim. 63 M. Kornwestheim; 64!/2 M. Zuffenhausen. To CALW AND HoRB, 56!/2 M., railway in 31/2-5 hrs. — 2 M. Korn- thal (*Gemeinde-Gasthof, wine of Jerusalem) is the seat of a sect resem- bling the Moravians, with several good schools. – 41/2 M. Ditzingen. – 9 M. Leonberg (Lamm or Post; *Löwe), the birthplace of the philosopher Schel- ling (p. 134), possesses an early-Gothic church of the 15th cent., and is noted for a fine breed of large dogs resembling the now extinct St. Bernard race. Then past (121/2 M.) Renningen to (16 M.) Weilderstadt (Krone; Löwe), with the late-Gothic Church of St. Peter & St. Paul (end of 15th cent.), the birthplace of the astronomer Kepler (d. 1630), a bronze “Statue of whom, by Kreling, adorns the market-place. 181/2 M. Schafhausen; 24 M. Althengstett. — At (30 M.) Calw ( Waldhorn), a town with 4662 inhab. and a considerable timber-trade, the line enters the picturesque Wagold-Thal. — Railway to Pforzheim in 1/2-3/4 hr., see p. 15. The line then leads through the Nagold-Thal (several tunnels), past Rentheim, to (32 M.) Teinach, at the union of the Teinach and Nagold. About 1/2 M. up the valley of the Teinach (omnibus in 25 min.) are the charmingly-situated baths of Teimach (*Bad-Hôtel zur Krone, with room for 300 visitors, D. 2./. 80, S. 1./. 20, B. 70 pf., pension with R. 50-80.4. per week; Hirsch; Zum Kühlen Brunnen). On the hill above is Zavelstein (*Lamm), a summer resort, with a ruined castle, the tower of which is a fine point of view. - 34 M. Thalmiihle (*Inn); in the woods near it is Burg Waldeck. 36!/2 M. Wildberg (Adler; Schwan), an old town, is prettily situated on a rock washed by the Nagold. Then (42 M.) Nagold (Post; Hirsch), a busy place, commanded by the ruined castle of Hohennagold, which was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War. Handsome modern Gothic church. — The train quits the Nagold-Thal, which here turns to the W., ascends the Steinach-Thal to Gündringen, and passes through the Hochdorfer Tunnel, 1360 yds. long, to (481/2 M.) Hochdorf (1650 ft.), the culminating point of the line. Beyond (51 M.) Eutingen, the junction for the Gäubahn and the line to Hausach (p. 34), the train descends the narrow valley of Mühlen to the Neckar-Thal and (56'ſz M.) Hon’b (p. 34). - 66 M. Fewerbach, beyond which the train passes through a tun- nel of 1000 yds. under the Prag. - - 69 M. Stuttgart, see p. 1. From Carlsruhe to Stuttgart by Pforzheim, see below. 3. From Stuttgart to Wildbad, 511/2 M. RAILWAY vià Pforzheim in 3-4 hrs. (viā Calw in 41/2 hrs See above). - . - From Stuttgart to (29 M.) Mühlacker, see R. 2. Beyond (311/2 M.) Enzberg the line enters the Duchy of Baden, and crosses the Enz, 33M. Niefern; 35 M. Eutingen, near which is a Roman castrum. 371/2 M. Pforzheim (810 ft.; *Hôtel Nusser or Post; Schwarzer Adler; Victoria, Zur Eisenbahn, both at the station ; wine at the Rappen, Karl-Friedrich-Str.), a busy, manufacturing town (29,987 inhab.), lies at the confluence of the Enz, the Würm, and the Nagold. The staple commodities, gold and silver wares, employ 10,000 work- men. Near the station is the Romanesque and Gothic *Schloss- kirche, erected in the 12th-15th centuries. - • ? WILDBA.D. 3. Route. 15 In the choir are the statues of the Margraves Ernest (d. 1604), Jacob (d. 1590), and Carl II. (d. 1577). Carl II. was the first prince of this line who embraced the Reformed faith. Then the statue of his wife Kuni- gunde, Margravine of Brandenburg (d. 1558); Countess Palatine Anna (d. 1587); Albert of Brandenburg, celebrated for his numerous cam- paigns, who died here (in 1557) under the imperial ban ; also Margr. Bernhard (d. 1553). On a large sarcophagus are the recumbent figures of Margr. Ernest (d. 1558) and his wife Ursula (d. 1538). Beneath a Gothic covering is the bust of the Grand Duke Charles Frederick (d. 1811). In the market-place rises a Warriors' Monument. In the Leopold- platz is a fountain with a Statue of Margrave Ernest (d. 1558), founder of the extinct Baden-Durlach-Ernestine family. FROM PForzHEIM TO CALw, 17 M. (rail in "/2-3/4 hr.). The train di- verges to the left from the Wildbad line at Brötzingen (see below), crosses the Enz, penetrates the watershed between the Enz and the Nagold by means of a tunnel, 490 yds. long, and enters the beautiful wood- ed Wagoldthal. Beyond another tunnel is (3/2 M.) Weissenstein (“Sonne), with a picturesque ruined castle. Then the Zelgenberg Tunnel, 560 yds. in length. At (7 M.) Unterreichenbach we cross the Nagold. — 12 M. Lieben- zell (Unteres Bad; Oberes Bad; “Ochs), a watering-place with warm springs of old repute, pleasantly situated, and overlooked by a ruined castle. 14!/2 M. Hirsau (Rössle, Hirsch, Schwan, etc.), with a celebrated ruined monastery (Benedictine, founded in 830, destroyed by Melac in 1692). 17 M. Calw. From Calw to Stuttgart, see p. 14; to Horb, see p. 14. FROM PFORZHEIM. To DURLACH (Carlsruhe), 16 M., railway in 1 hr. The line skirts the N. slopes of the Black Forest Mts. and traverses the fertile valley of the Pfinz. Stations Ispringen, Ersingen, Königsbach, Wilferdingen (Krone), Söllingen, Berghausen, Grötzingen (junction for Bretten and Heil- bronn, p. 48). At Durlach (Carlsburg), a town of 7474 inhab., the train reaches the Baden main line; see Baedeker's Rhine. The railway to Wildbad continues to follow the picturesque green valley of the Enz. 39 M. Brötzingen; 401/2 M. Birkenfeld. 431/2 M. Neuenbürg (Post; Bär) is a picturesquely situated town, overlooked by the Schloss, erected on a wooded eminence above the Enz by Duke Christopher in 1658 on the site of an older building (now government offices). Adjacent is the so-called Frucht- Speicher, the ruins of a castle on Roman foundations. The train crosses the Enz, passes beneath the Schlossberg, and recrosses the river. 46 M. Rothenbach; 48 M. Höfen (*Ochse), a favourite resort, with pretty villas; 49 M. Calmbach (*Sonne), a thriving place, with a neat modern church, and also a summer resort. 511/2 M. Wildbad. – Hotels. *BAD-HöTEL; *KLUMPP, or BAR: BEL- LEVUE; charges at these, R. from 3./., D. 3-5.4. ; *HôTEL FREY, D. 21/2 M.; HôTEL GARNI : *HôTEL DE RUSSIE, R. from 2, D. 24/2 .4.; Ross; LAMM, good cuisine; Löwe, SoNNE, STERN, WEIL, ZUR EISENBAHN (the last two by the station), etc. — Also numerous Hôtels Garnis and lodging-houses, the best being those above the Anlagen. — Restaurants of Funk and Schmidt, moderate; Funk's Brewery. — Visitors’ Taa, for four days or more, 12 J/. — ENGLISH CHURCH SERVICE in summer. Wildbad (1426 ft.), a celebrated watering-place (3600 inhab.), situated in the narrow, pine-clad ravine of the Enz, possesses warm alkaline springs, used as a cure for gout and rheumatism. The greater part of the town lies on the right bank of the Enz, while the station is at the lower end of it on the left bank. In the Cur- platz, at the end of the Haupt-Strasse, are the handsome new Cur- 16 Route 3. WILDBAD. haus or Bad-Hôtel, with reading and ball rooms and a café (music 8-9 a.m. and 6–7 p.m.), and the large Badgebäude, with its ad- mirably equipped baths. The Springs (90–100°Fahr.) rise in the baths themselves, and their efficacy is chiefly ascribed to their being thus used in a fresh and natural condition at the fountain- head. Most of the patients (about 6500 annually) prefer the system of bathing in common, as at Leuk in Switzerland. There are three well-arranged public baths for each sex (1.4.), as well as a num- ber of private baths (1 vſ. 80 pf.). Between the Enz and the Bellevue Hotel stands the new Trinkhalle, a tasteful iron struc- ture in the Renaissance style, with a band-pavilion in the centre. Higher up in the grounds is the Theatre. The new Katharinenstift, a bath for the poor, is a building in the round-arch style. In the lower part of the town is Herrenhilf, a sanatorium for children. There are pleasant walks and grounds on both sides of the village, on the banks of the Enz: on the S. (upper) side past the new Roman Catholic church as far as the (1 M.) Windhof, a café; on the N. (lower) side to the (1 M.) garden “Zum kihlen Brunnen', a favourite reSOrt. Excurs IONs. Waterfalls in a side-valley of the Enz, 4 M. — A road ascends the Enzthal to (71/2 M.) Enzklösterle (Waldhorn), see Baedeker’s Rhine. — By the small Wildsee, which tradition has peopled with water- sprites, to the Kaltenbrunn shooting-lodge (*Inn), 9 M. ; thence to the Hohlohihurm (3625 ft.), a fine point of view, iſ hr. — To (4!/2 M.) Eyach- miihl, (2/4 M.) Dobel, and (3 M.) Herrenalb (Hydropathic Estab. and several hotels), frequented as a summer-resort; see Baedeker's Rhine. The following is a very interesting excursion for a whole day (one- horse carr. 9, two-horse 14-15./4.), and is also recommended to pedestrians. Viâ Calmbach (see above) to (2 M.) Reichenbach (Löwe). Thence, leaving the main road, by a by-road to the right to (6 M.) Röthenbach (view of Hohenzollern from the height as the village is approached; carriages should be sent on from this point to Teinach), and (2 M.) Zavelstein (Lamm), with a picturesque ruined castle. Descent to (11/2 M.) Teinach (p. 14); thence down to the (1 M.) Nagold-Thal, and by Kentheim to (3 M.) Calw (p. 14; also railway from this point); then (11/2M.) Hirsau, and (39/4 M.) Liebenzell (p. 15). Back to Wildbad by Schömberg and Calmbach. 4. From Stuttgart to Hanau. 118 M. RAILwax in 5-8% hrs. This line forms the shortest route from Stuttgart to Berlin (16 hrs.). - From Stuttgart to (14 M.) Bietigheim, see R. 2. The line follows the Enz for a short way, and crosses it just before its influx into the Neckar, near (18 M.) Besigheim (*Waldhorn; Krone), an anti- quated little town, probably of Roman origin, very picturesquely situated on a rock between the Enz and the Neckar, with two hand- some towers of mediaeval castles. On the Michelsberg (1280 ft.), 6 M. to the N.W., is a very ancient chapel, said to have been once a Roman temple of Luna. The line now follows the Neckar, passes through a tunnel (700 yds.) beyond (22 M.) Kirchheim (to the right of which is Liebenstein, with an interesting church and a Renais- sance château), and returns to the river at — HEILBRONN. 4. Route. 17 25 M. Lauffen, the old castle and church of which stand pic- turesquely on two rocks, separated by the river. Beyond (281/2 M.) Nordheim, on a height to the left, rises the Heuchelberger Warte. Nearing Heilbronn, we observe that it is overlooked by the vine- clad Wartberg on the N., and by the wooded Schweinsberg (see below) on the S.E. 38 M. Heilbronn (comp. Plan, p. 26). — Hotels. *EISENBAHN-Hö- TEL (Pl. a ; B, 3), with salt-baths, by the bridge, R. & B. 3, D. 2/2 2/., good restaurant; BAHNHOF-HôTEL, well spoken of; BADISCHER HOF; KRON- PRINz ; these three at the station; FALKE (P1. b : C, 3), in the Market; KRONE, Lohthor-Str. (P1. C., 3). CAFés-RESTAURANTs. Faesi zuº Harmonie, in the Allee; Deutsches Haus (see below); Trick, on the Neckar; *Hågele zum Käthchen, Kirchbrunner- Str. ; Frank’sche Brauerei, Fleimer-Str. — WINE Rooms. *Zehender, Kram- Str. ; Albrecht, in the Allee. Heilbronn, formerly a free city of the Empire, now an important industrial town with 29,939 inhab., is charmingly situated on both banks of the Neckar. The Allee, a pleasant avenue on the site of the old fortifications, encircles the old town, beyond which suburbs are springing up in every direction. - On our left, as we leave the station, is the Custom House with the Wilhelms-Canal; farther on are the Winterhafen and Holzhafen. From the Bahnhof-Str. we enter the town by a broad iron bridge. On the right bank, on our right, is the handsome new Post Of- fice (P1. B, 3). In the next side-street to the right is the Historical Museum (Pl. 5; B, 3), comprising pre-historic and other antiqui- ties from the environs of Heilbronn. Going straight on, wo come to the Market-Place. On the left rises the late-Gothic Rathhaus (Pl. 13; B, C, 3), with its lofty flight of steps, containing a curious clock constructed by Habrecht tn 1580. In the council-chamber Götz von Berlichingen, immor- talised by Goethe, is said to have effectually cured ‘headache, tooth- ache, and every other human malady', with blows from his “iron hand'. Letters from him, from Franz von Sickingen, the Reformer, from Schiller, who prays for the protection of the town in 1793, and others are shown in the Archives. The old-fashioned house at the S.W. corner of the Market (Pl. 6; B, 3) is pointed out as that in which ‘Käthchen of Heilbronn' was born; but her history is purely traditionary. - The *Church of St. Kilian (Pl. 9; C, 3), originally, an early- Gothic edifice founded in 1013, of which the nave, with pointed arcades, is the only remnant, was rebuilt in the late-Gothic style in the 15th cent., and the tower, 217 ft. in height, was completed in 1529 in the Renaissance style. (The whole building is now under- going restoration.) The choir (1480), with richly articulated pillars and network-vaulting, contains an *Altar-piece in carved wood, by Tilmann Riemenschneider (1498), and a fine ciborium. — The ad- joining Clara-Strasse contains handsome new buildings. - We descend the Kirchbrunner-Str. to the right, and enter the BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. 2 18 Route 4. HEILBRONN. From Stuttgart Deutschhof-Str. to the left, to see the Deutsches Haus (Pl. 2; B, 4), originally an imperial palace, afterwards occupied by the Teutonic Order, and now by the courts of law. The Treaty of Heilbronn was concluded here in 1633. The oldest part of the building is the lowest story, in the Romanesque style, of the tower of the adjacent Roman Catholic church. The court on the N. side is picturesque. Opposite is the old Schönthaler Hof (now Restaurant Zum Deut- schen Hause, see above), where, as a quaint inscription on the gate- way (right side) records, Charles W. once spent six weeks and was cured of an illness by the Heilbronn waters. Nearly opposite the Deutsches Haus is the Allerheiligen-Str., leading to the square red Diebsthurm or Götzens Thurm (Pl. 3; B, 4), in which Goethe, contrary to the fact, represents Götz von Berlichingen as having died (whereas he was only imprisoned here for one night in 1519; comp. p. 19). To the E. of the tower we ascend the Rosenberger-Str. to the Allee (see above), in which, on the right, rises the Synagogue (Pl. 14; C, 4), in the Moorish-By- zantine style. Farther on is the Harmonie-Gebäude (P1. C, D, 3), containing the exhibition of the Kunstverein. Near it are the large Prison (Pl. D, 5) and the New Gymnasium. From the N. end of the Allee the Thurm-Str. leads W. to the Sülmer-Str. Here, on the left, rises the simple Gothic Church of St. Nicholas (Pl. 10), where the first Protestant divine service was held in 1525. The Schiller-Haus opposite was occupied by the poet in 1793–94. Farther on, in the Hafenmarkt, are remains of the Fran- ciscan Church (P1. 7), destroyed by the French in 1688. The tower and the cloisters of the old monastery (now a school) are well pre- served. - The pretty Cemetery contains several interesting tombstones. The Water Works, with steam-pump and reservoir, at the base of the Wartberg, should by seen by engineers. - On the Wartberg, rising 522 ft. above the Neckar (ascent 3/4 hr.), are an old watch-tower and an inn. Charming view of the Neckar- thal. Another fine point is the (1 hr.) Jägerhaus (*Tavern). From the Jägerhaus we may walk past the Köpferquelle and through wood to the tower on the Schweinsberg (816 ft. ; 11/2-2 hrs. from Heil- bronn), which affords a fine *Panorama, embracing the Alb chain to the S., the Black Forest and Vosges to the S.W., the Haardt Mts. and Donnersberg to the W., the Odenwald and Spessart to the N., and the Löwenstein Mts. to the E. The Căcilienwiese (11/2 M.) presents a lively and picturesque scene at the vintage season. An- other favourite point is the Trappensee (*Restaur.), 14/2 M. to the S. of the town. - - From Heilbronn to Bretten and Carlsruhe, see p. 15. The train now crosses the Wilhelms-Canal and the Neckar. To the right is the line to Weinsberg (R. 5); on the hill are the tower and inn on the Wartberg (see above). Near (37. M.) Neckarsulm, to Hamaw. EBERBACH. 4. Route. 19 a pleasant little town with an old château of the Teutonic Order, the train returns to the Neckar, and beyond (39 M.) Kochendorf (village and château 1/2 M. to the E.) it crosses the Kocher. — 40 M. Jagstfeld (*Bräuninger's Bad-Hôtel, with terrace on the Neckar), a saline bath at the mouth of the Jagst, near which are the salt-springs of Friedrichshall. s FROM JAGSTFELD TO OstERBURREN, 24, M., railway in 3/4-11/2 hr. The line runs vià Neudenau and Möckmühl. — 24 M. Osterburken, on the Heidel- berg and Würzburg railway, see p. 62. - FROM JAGSTFELD TO HEIDELBERG, 35 M. (rail in 2-21/4 hrs.). The train crosses the Neckar. 2 M. Wimpfen, Wimpfen ‘im. Thal' and above it ‘Wimpfen am Berg”, both ‘enclaves” of Hessen, with the salt-works and saline baths of Ludwigshall (*Bad-Hôtel zum Ritter; Hôtel Hammer, with ſime view ; *Mathildenbad). The fine Gothic abbey-church in the valley was erected in 1262-78. Wimpfen am Berg is said to occupy the site of the Roman station Cornelia, which was destroyed by the Huns under At- tila. The directors of the salt-works have a good collection of Roman an- tiquities found here. - The line now traverses a hilly and partly wooded district. 51/2 M. Rappenau (*Gasthof Zur Saline) also has salt-springs. Several unimportant stations. Then (14 M.) Sinzheim, where Turenne defeated the Imperial army in 1674. The line traverses the Elsenzthal. At (221/2 M.) Meckesheim (Zuº Eisenbahn; Rail. Restaur.), on the Elsenz, it joins the railway to Neckar- elz (p. 62). 24!/2 M. Mauer; 26 M. Bammenthal; 281/2 M. Weckargemünd, the junction of the Würzburg line (R. 15); thence to (35 M.) Heidelberg, see p. 62. The train crosses the Jagst, and at (421/2 M.) Offenau, with the salt-springs of Klemenshall, enters the charming vine-clad Neckarthal, with its numerous castles. The village and château of Heinsheim and the ruined castle of Ehrenberg are passed on the left bank. — 45 M. Gundelsheim (Prinz Karl), a small town with walls, towers, and a picturesque château on an ivy-clad rock. Op- posite, on a hill on the left bank, is the ruin of Guttenberg. The train then passes through the Michelsberg by a tunnel 950 yds. long to (461/2 M.) Hassmersheim (town on the left bank). To the right, above (471/2 M.) Neckarzimmern, rises the picturesque castle of Hornberg, where Götz von Berlichingen died in 1562. — Then through the charming valley to (left) Hochhawsen, where we cross the Elz to (501/2 M.) Neckarelz, the junction of the Würzburg- Heidelberg and Meckesheim railways (p. 62). The train follows the right bank of the pretty, wooded Neckar- thal. Beyond (524/2 M.) Binaw a tunnel 850 yds. long. — 551/2 Neckargerach, with large quarries; on the hill is the ruined Minne- burg, destroyed in the Thirty Years' War. 571/2 M. Zwingenberg, with a picturesque castle, now restored, property of the Grand- Duke of Baden. - 64 M. Eberbach (*Leininger Hof; *Krone), an old town with a brisk trade in timber (4900 inhab.). The Katzenbuckel (1959 ft.), the highest of the Odenwald Mts., commanding an extensive view, may be ascended in 2 hrs. — To Heidelberg through the Neckarthal, see p. 62. r’ - ~. Our train quits the Neckarthal and turns to the right into the Q & 20 Route 5. WEINSBERG. grassy and wooded valley of the Itterbach, which it crosses several times. Beyond (671/2 M.) Gaimiähle a lofty viaduct. — 714/2 M. Kailbach; 75 M. Schöllenbach: The train penetrates the Krähberg by a tunnel nearly 2 M. long, descends the Mümlingthal to (78 M.) Hetzbach–Beerfelden, and crosses the Himbăchel Viaduct, 145 ft. high. — 83 M. Erbach (*Zum Odenwald; Adler), a town with 3000 inhab., is the principal place on the estates of Count Erbach. The Schloss contains several interesting collections (armour, fire- arms, antiquities). In the chapel is shown the stone sarcophagus of Eginhard (see below) and his wife Emma, brought from the church of Seligenstadt in 1810. - - 841/2 M. Michelstadt (*Löwe ; Schwan; Dr. Scharfenberg's Hy- dropathic), a prettily-situated little town, with a late-Gothic church (15th cent.). We pass Schloss Fürstenau (left) and the stations of Zell, König, Mümling-Grumbach, and Höchst-Neustadt. Tunnel. — 97 M. Wiebelsbach-Heubach, junction of the Darmstadt line (see Baedeker's Rhine). – 99 M. Gross - Umstadt (*Lamm); 1001/2 M. Klein - Umstadt; 104 M. Langstadt; 1051/2 M. Babenhausen, the junction for Darmstadt and Aschaffenburg (see p. 58). 112 M. Seligenstadt, with 3700 inhab., is famous for the abbey founded here about 827 by Eginhard (or Einhard), the biographer of Charlemagne. — 1441/2 M. Hainstadt; 1161/2 M. Klein-Awheim.— The train then crosses the Main and reaches (118.M.) Hanaw (p. 51). 5. From Heilbronn to Hall (Nuremberg). 34 M. RAILWAY in 11/2-2 hrs. (express to Nuremberg by this route in 4!/2 hrs., from Stuttgart to Nuremberg in 53/4 hrs.). This is the shortest route between Nuremberg and Carlsruhe (viā Bretten, p. 15). - Heilbronn, see p. 17. The train crosses the Wilhelms-Canal and three arms of the Neckar. To the left diverges the line to Eber- bach and Hanau (R. 4). Tunnel (1111 yds.). - 4!/2 M. Weinsberg (*Traube), an ancient and historically mem- orable town. The ruined castle of Weibertreu (‘women's faith- fulness'), on the height, was the scene of the events on which Chamisso founded one of his ballads. Justinus Kerner, the poet (d. 1862), occupied a house at the foot of the hill. Near it is a monument to him. The handsome Romanesque Church, a basilica with pointed arcades, contains a small picture of 1659, represent- ing the women quitting the castle. During the War of the Peasants in 1525 the most savage atrocities were committed here. - We next traverse the fertile and populous Weinsberger Thal. On a hill to the right, near (8 M.) Willsbach, is the small town of Löwenstein, commanded by the ruined castle of the Löwenstein- Wertheim family. In a narrow valley at the N.W. foot of the hill lies the Thäusser Bad, with springs containing Epsom salts and Sulphate of lime; at the N.E. base is Lichtenstern, a Protestant reformatory for children, formerly a nunnery. Beyond (10 M.) HALL. 5, Route, 21 Eschemaw the train descends into the valley of the Brettach, which it crosses near (13 M.) Bretzfeld. 161/2 M. Oehringen (Württemberger Hof; pop. 3700) is a pleasant town on the Ohrn, with a château of Prince Hohenlohe- Oehringen, below which are vast cellars. The Gothic Stiftskirche, containing monuments of the Hohenlohe family and good stained glass, is interesting. — 21 M. Neuenstein; 24!/2 M. Waldenburg, both with châteaux of the Hohenlohe family. Beyond (27 M.) Kupfer the train reaches the highest point (1378 ft.) of the line, and then descends rapidly to (30 M.) Gailenkirchen and the valley of the Kocher, passing through two tunnels. 34 M. Hall, or Schwäbisch-Hall (*Lamm; *Adler), on the Kocher (pop. 9003), once a city of the empire, has a picturesque appearance from the station. The Gothic Church of St. Michael (1427–1525) contains as an altar-piece an Entombment, ascribed to Lohkorn (about 1480). On the left bank of the Kocher is the Church of St. Catharine (14th cent.), containing a fine high-altar. The inter- esting church (12th cent.) of the old Benedictine abbey of Kom- burg, at Steinbach, 11/2 M. to the S. of Hall, now a home for in- valid soldiers, possesses an embossed altar-covering (antipendium) in gilded copper, of 1130, and a huge candelabrum of the same period. Immediately below it is Klein-Komburg, with the early- Romanesque church of St. Ægidius. In the choir are frescoes of the 12th cent., discovered in 1877, now restored. — Large salt-works with saline baths. The salt-water is conveyed in pipes from the “Wilhelmsglück mine (7 M.), which is more interesting than those in the Salzkammergut. Descent by a ſlight of steps (680), or by a slide. The long galleries and spacious halls, glittering with crystals of salt, are imposing. Pure rock- salt is excavated here. Where the salt is less pure, it is obtained by filling portions of the mine with water, which in a few weeks becomes saturated with salt, and is then drawn off and evaporated. Beyond Hall the train passes through two tunnels and goes on to (38 M.) Hessenthal, junction of the following line (p. 22). 6. From Stuttgart to Nuremberg wiá Backnang and Crailsheim. 120 M. RAILWAY in 43/4-73/4 hrs. This railway forms the shortest line of communication between Stuttgart and Nuremberg (comp. R.R. 5, To (8 M.) Waiblingen, see p. 23. The MURRTHAL-RAILWAY here diverges to the left from the Remsthal Line (R. 7), and crosses the deep Remsthal by a viaduct and an iron bridge. 101/2M. Neu- stadt, with the favourite watering-place of Newstädtle. Tunnel of 390 yds. 12 M. Schwaikheim; 14 M. Winnenden, a busy little town, with the château of Winmenthal, now a lunatic asylum of high repute. 16 M. Nellmersbach; 17 M. Maubach. We now enter the Murrthal and reach — 19 M. Backnang (Post), a manufacturing town (6762 inhab.) 22 Route 6. CRAILSHERM. with extensive tanneries. Interesting Gothic-Romanesque church of a canonry founded here about 1116. — The small watering-place of Rietenaw (Kurhaus) lies 3 M. from Backnang. - FROM BACKNANG To BIETIGHEIM, 16 M. (rail in 1-1/4 hr.). The line fol- lows the Murrthal, passing Burgstall and Kirchberg, to (81/2 M.) Marbach (Post), a small town on a height on the right bank of the Neckar, the birthplace of Schiller (b. 10th Nov., 1759; d. 9th May, 1805). The house in which he was born, purchased by Subscription in 1859, and restored to its original condition, contains reminiscences of the illustrious poet. Close to the town is the Schille"höhe, a park with a beautiful view; containing a co- fossal bronze “Statue of Schiller, by Rau, erected in 1876. — The line crosses the Neckar by a viaduct 100 ft. high (fine view). — 12/2 M. Beihingen (junction for Ludwigsburg, p. 13). Then (16 M.) Bietigheim (p. 13). The train crosses the Weissach and descends into the peaceful wooded Murrthal. 22 M. Steinbach ; 23 M. Oppenweiler, with the château of Hr. von Sturmfeder, and the hoary Reichenberg, 251/2 M. Sulzbach, where the mediaeval Schloss Lawtereclº is now a tannery. The train crosses the Murr. 29 M. Murrhardt (Sonne or Post; Hirsch), an ancient little town, once a Benedictine abbey. The Walderichskirche, built on the site and with the remains of a Roman fort, and the Stadtkirche, formerly the abbey-church, will repay a visit. Above all observe the * Walderichskapelle, adjoining the N. tower of the Stadtkirche, in the late-Romanesque style. The end of the Murrthal is the historic site of the boundary- wall of the Roman empire, of which scarcely a trace remains. Beyond (32 M.) Fornsbach the train passes through the ‘Schanze” by a tun- nel 578 yds. long to the Roththal near (35 M.) Fichtenberg, and through another tunnel, 590 yds. long, to the Kocherthal and (381/2 M.) Gaildorf. The Kocher is crossed by a lofty bridge. 40 M. Ottendorf; 431/2 M. Wilhelmsglück, station for the salt-mines of that name (p. 21). Then (451/2 M.) Hessenthal, junction of the line to Hall (p. 21). - Next stations Sulzdorf, where the Bühlerbach is crossed, Gross- altdorf, Eckartshausen, and Mawlach, with a chalybeate spring. 62 M. Grailsheim (*Lamm ; Hôtel Faber; Deutscher Kaiser), on the Jagst, a town of 4600 inhab., with a handsome Rathhaus and an old Schloss of the Hohenlohe family (now public offices). The Gothic Church of St. John (15th cent.) contains a winged altar with paintings by Wohlgemuth, and a ciborium of 1498. TROM CRAILSHEIM TO MERGENTHEIM , 36!/2 M. (rail in 2-3/2 hrs.). Stations Satteldorf, Wallhausen, Roth am See (p. 115), Blaufelden, Schrozberg (p. 115). 231/2 M. Wiederstetten, an old town with walls and gates, the resi- dence of Prince Hohenlohe-Jagstberg; 28 M. Laudenbach; 30 M. Weikers- hełm (*Hirsch, Lamm), on the Tauber, with the interesting château of Prince Hohenlohe-Langenburg. (Thence to Creglingen and Rothenburg ob der Tauber, see p. 115.) Then Markelsheim (a wine-growing place), Igersheim, and Mergentheim (p. 61). - FROM CRAILSHEIM To Nördling EN, 40 M. (rail in 2/4-33/4 hrs.); To ULM, 68 M. (by Aalen and Heidenheim, in 31/2-6 hrs.). The line ascends the Jagstthal towards the S. ; stations Jagstheim, Stimpfach, and Jagsteelſ, where the Jagst is crossed. Then (13 M.) Ellwangen (Adler; Post), an old town WAIBLINGEN. 7. Route. 23 (pop. 4700) with a castle on a hill, a small ecclesiastical principality down to 1803. The Stiftskirche, founded in 770, rebuilt in 1124, in the Romanesque style, with a crypt under the choir, is in admirable preser- vation. The interior was tastefully embellished with stucco-ornamentation in the 17th century. On the walls are two epitaphs in bronze by Peter Vischer of Nuremberg. — Near Ellwangen (3/4 M.) are the favourite mineral baths of Schrezheim. At (181/2 M.) Goldshöfe the train reaches the Rems- thal Railway (p. 25). - Beyond (67. M.) Ellrichshausen, with a ruined castle, the train crosses the Bavarian frontier. — 691/2 M. Schnelldorf; 721/2 Zum- haws; 76 M. Dombåhl (Rail. Restaurant, with R.), the junction for Dinkelsbühl and Nördlingen (p. 98). — 821/2 Büchelberg; 85 M. Leutershausen. — 911/2 M. Ansbach (p. 115), the junction of the Frankfort and Munich line (R. 25). . The line runs for a short distance through the Rexatthal, and then turns to the N.E. by stations Sachsen and Wicklesgrewth to (1001/2 M.) Heilsbronn (Post), a small town, with remains of a famous Cistercian Abbey, partly in good preservation. The Church, a Romanesque basilica with timber roof, begun in 1150, with a Gothic choir (1263-80 and later) and a Gothic aisle (1430-35, after- wards enlarged), and the Refectory (now a brewery), with fine vaulting, rich Romanesque portal, and Gothic turrets, are still standing; but the cloisters and other parts of the monastery were destroyed in 1770. The church contains the fine monument of the Electress Anna of Brandenburg (d. 1512); that of Margrave George Fred. of Ansbach (d. 1603), with eight statuettes of Counts of Zollern; and those of several other Margraves and Franconian knights. Observe also three winged altar- pieces with carvings and paintings by Grünewald (altar of St. Ursula) and of Wohlgemuth's school (about 1500), and as late-Gothic ciborium (1515). Both the church and its works of art have suffered from the restoration in 1856-60. The spring which gave the abbey its name rises within the church. 1051/2 M. Raitersaich; 109 M. Rossstall, with an old church; 114 M. Stein, with Faber's celebrated lead-pencils factory (shown by special permission only). The train then crosses the Rednitz, and reaches Schweinau and (120 M.) Nuremberg (p. 85). 7. From Stuttgart to Nördlingen and Nuremberg. RAILwAY (Remsthal Line) to (71 M.) Nördlingen in 3/4-5!/2 hrs. ; thence to (62 M.) Nuremberg (Bavarian Railway) in 21/3-4 hrs. (Express from Stuttgart to Nuremberg in 53/4-6 hrs. ; comp. R. 6.) The Remsthal Railway diverges to the left from the Stuttgart and Ulm line beyond (21/2 M.) Cannstatt (p. 11), and winds up the hill which separates the valleys of the Neckar and the Rems. From the top a fine view of Stuttgart and the Neckarthal. 6 M. Fell- bach (Traube). The line now descends to — 8 M. Waiblingen (Post; Löwe), a town of great antiquity (4826 inhab.), whence the imperial Salic line and the succeeding House of Hohenstaufen derived their name of Waiblinger, corrupted by the Italians into Ghibellini, once so celebrated as the name of a 24 Route 7 o AALEN. faction. The late-Gothic Aussere Kirche, outside the town, erected 1459–88, restored 1866, has a fine tower. (To Murrhardt, see R. 6.) The populous, fertile, and picturesque REMSTHAL begins here. Beyond (11 M.) Endersbach a handsome viaduct. To the right, in a lateral valley, are Beutelsbach (Löwe) and Schnaith, wine- growing places, the former with a very ancient abbey-church. To the left lies Gross-Heppach (Lamm). On the height to the left of (14 M.) Grunbach is the village of Buoch, affording a fine view of the Swabian Alb; to the right is the Schönbühl, with a reformatory for boys. 17 M. Winterbach. 181/2M. Schorndorf (Krone), an old town once fortified (4500 in- hab.), has an interesting Gothic church, with very fine portal and choir of 4477. — Near (21 M.) Urbach the train crosses the Rems. 221/2 M. Plüderhausen (Stern). 24 M. Waldhausen, where Emp. Frederick Barbarossa is said to have been born (p. 37). The vine- culture ceases. To the N.E. of (27 M.) Lorch (Sonne; Krone) rises the Benedictine monastery of that name, founded by the Hohen- staufen in 1102, partly destroyed in the War of the Peasants, and recently restored. It contains several tombs and monuments of the Hohenstaufen. The Wäscher Schlössle, 3/4 M. from Wäschenbeuern (Hirsch), a village between Lorch and the Hohenstaufen, a bare hill opposite, on which their castle stood (p. 37), was the cradle of that illustrious race. We obtain a glimpse of the Hohenstaufen to the right as the train emerges from a short cutting just beyond Lorch, and afterwards a glimpse of the double-peaked Rechberg (p. 36). 311/2 M. Gmünd, or Schwäbisch-Gmünd (Rad; Drei Mohren), formerly a free city of the Empire (pop. 16,804), possesses three very old churches, many manufactories of jewellery, and a large industrial museum. The Arlers were once celebrated architects here (p. 290). The Gothic Kreuzkirche was erected by Heinrich Arler in 1351–77 (completed in 1410; towers 1492); the sculptures of the portal date from 1380, and the carved altar from the 15th century. The Romanesque Church of St. John contains an old pic- ture in which the castle of Hohenstaufen is represented. Outside the town is the pilgrimage-church of St. Salvator, with two chapels hewn in the rock. The monastery of Gottes-Zell is now a prison. Omnibus from Gmünd to Süssen (p. 27) twice daily in 3 hrs. (fare 1 J%. 40 pf.). Ascent of the Rechberg, see p. 36. - 38 M. Unterbóbingen; 401/2 M. Mögglingen. The Rosenstein (2398 ft.), 1/2 hr. to the S., commands a superb view of the Alb. At (431/2 M.) Essingen we cross the watershed (1719 ft.) between the Rems and Kocher, and descend into the Kocherthal. . 47M. Aalem (Krone), once a free imperial town (pop. 7093), lies at the confluence of the Aal and the Kocher. - FROM AALEN To ULM, 45 M. (rail in 2/4-3 hrs.). 21/2 M. Unterkochen ; 5 M. Oberkochen (11/2 M. above which is the source of the Kocher); 9 M JKönigsbronn, with large iron-works, at the point where the Brenz takes its rise in the picturesque Brenztopf or Königsbrunnen. Then through the smiling Brenzthal. 12 M. Schnaitheim; 14 M. Heidenheim (*Ochs), a thriving BOPEINGEN. 7. Route. 25 industrial town with 8000 inhab., commanded by the picturesque half- ruined Schloss Hellenstein. Stations Mergelstetten , Herbrechtingen, and Giengen (Post), once an imperial town, with mineral baths. The train follows the Brenzthal to (26 M.) Sontheim, and then turns S.W. to Nieder- Stotzingen. Stations Rammingen; Langenau, a thriving little town with 3650 inhab. ; Unter-Elchingen, the scene of the battle (14th Oct., 1805) from which Ney acquired his ducal title; and Thalfingen. The train then crosses the Danube to (45 M.) Ulm (p. 27). At (481/2 M.) Wasseralfingen (Zur Eisenhütte) are extensive iron-works (interesting little rack-and-pinion railway ascending to the shaft on the hillside). The train quits the Kocherthal and ascends rapidly to (511/2 M.) Goldshöfe (junction for the Ellwangen and Crailsheim line, p. 23), where it turns to the E. On a hill to the right, between (54. M.) Westhausen and (57. M.) Lauchheim, is Schloss Kapfenburg. Beyond Lauchheim the line is carried through the watershed between the Rhine and the Danube by means of deep cuttings and a tunnel (710 yds.), and enters the narrow and pic- turesque Eger-Thal. Above Bopfingen the Flochberg, with a ruined castle, is seen on the right, and the Ipf (2237 ft.) 'on the left. 64 M. Bopfingen (König v. Württemberg), once an imperial town. The Gothic Church of St. Blasius contains a winged altar-piece by F. Herlen (1477) and a ciborium by H. Böblinger (1510). The line enters the Ries (p. 98). 76 M. Trochtelfingen; 68 M. Pflaumloch. 71 M. Nördlingen, p. 98. Thence to Nuremberg, see R. 22. 8. From Stuttgart to Friedrichshafen. Comp. Map, p. 36. 123 M. RAILwAY to Ulm in 2/4-33/4, to Friedrichshafen in 41/2-7/2 hrs. To (21/2 M.) Cannstatt, see p. 11. Looking back, we obtain a fine view of the Royal Villa, the Rosenstein, and the Wilhelma with its gilded dome. The train ascends on the bank of the Neckar, tra- versing one of the most beautiful and fertile districts in Swabia. 5 M. Untertürkheim (Krone), a village with 3200 inhab., lies at the foot of the Rothenberg (1350 ft.; *Hôtel-Restaur. Luz), where King William (d. 1864) erected a Greek chapel, on the site of the old ancestral castle of the princes of Wurtemberg, as a mausoleum for his consort Queen Catharine (d. 1819), a Russian princess, and himself. In the interior the four Evangelists by Dannecker. Service of the Greek church on Sundays. - Instead of the steep, stony, and shadeless ascent from Untertürkheim, we may choose the pleasanter but rather longer route from Obertürkheim (see below), either by Uhlbach or direct. A still more extensive prospect is obtained from the Katharinen-Linde, to the S.E., 1/2 hr. higher. Charming walk hence to (3 M.) Esslingen (see below). Barely i/2 M. to the S.W. of Untertürkheim, and on the left bank of . the Neckar, lies Wangen (Krone), a favourite point for excursions from Stuttgart. A path leads from Stuttgart through the woods and over the hill direct to Wangen in 11/2 hr.; beautiful views of the city in ascending, and of the Neckarthal in descending. x 6 M. Obertürkheim (*Ochse), another favourite resort. 26 Route 8. GöPPINGEN. From Stuttgart 9 M. Esslingen (*Hôtel Pfähler zur Krome; Laich zur Post), prettily situated on the Neckar, with 22,156 inhab., once a free imperial city and still partly surrounded by walls, was founded by Emperor Frederick II. in 1216. Sparkling Neckar-wine is largely manufactured here. The engineering works founded here by Kessler are the largest in Wurtemberg. Other branches of industry also flourish. In the market-place is the church of St. Dionysius, a basilica in the transition style, founded in the 11th cent., and partly altered in the 14th and 15th, which possesses a fine screen and ciborium of 1486. St. Paul’s Church, also in the market, in the early-Gothic style, completed in 1268, is now used by the Roman Catholics. Opposite the present Rathhaus, which was once the palace of Count Alexander of Wurtemberg, the poet, is the Old Rathhaus, erected in 1430, and formerly known as the “Steinerne Haus'. It is surmounted by the imperial eagle under a gilded canopy, and another eagle forms the vane on the turret. — Farther on in the same direction is the Wolfsthor, on which are still seen the lions of the Hohenstaufen, hewn in stone. The conspicuous late-Gothic *Liebfrauenkirche, erected in 1406- 1522, was restored by Egle in 1862. Admirable reliefs on the three portals, especially that of the Last Judgment on the S. Portal. The interior, with its slender pillars, contains fine stained-glass windows. Adjoining the organ–loft are the tombstones of Hans and Matthaeus Böblinger, two of the architects of the church. Fine per- forated tower, completed in 1526, 247 ft. in height; beautiful view from the top. — The once imperial castle of Perfried above the town commands another superb view. — The Maille, an island in the Neckar laid out as a promenade, is embellished with a bronze bust of Karl Pfaff, the historian. Quitting Esslingen, the train recrosses the Neckar. 121/2 M. Alt- bach. 14 M. Plochingen (Waldhorn) lies near the confluence of the Fils and Neckar. Upper Neckar Railway to Tübingen, see R. 9. The line now follows the Fils (comp. Map, p. 36). 17 M. Reichenbach; 20 M. Ebersbach. On a wooded height near (23 M.) Uihingen rises the château of Filseck; on the river lies Faurndav, formerly a Benedictine monastery, with an old Romanesque church. 26 M. Göppingen (*Apostel; *Post), a well-built town with 14,202 inhab., re-erected after a fire in 1782, contains several weaving factories and tanneries. Large lunatic asylum of Dr. Lan- derer. The government-buildings were formerly a ducal castle, erected by Duke Christopher in 1562 with the stones of the castle of Hohenstaufen. At the S.W. corner of the court an artistically- hewn spiral stone staircase (“Traubenstieg', wine-stair) ascends to the tower. — Bad Boll lies 41/2 M. to the S. Beyond Göppingen the conical Hohenstaufen (p. 37), the loftiest and most conspicuous spur of the Alb, becomes visible to the left. H. 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To the right appear the long ranges of the Alb; to the left, on an eminence, are the rugged ruins of Scharfeneck. To the E. opens the Eibachthal with the village of Eibach and a château of Count Degenfeld. 38 M. Geislingen (Post, moderate), a busy town (5722 inhab.) in a narrow ravine at the base of the Alb, where bone and ivory are carved and turned. The late-Gothic Marienkirche, founded in 1424, contains choir-stalls carved by Jörg Syrlin the Younger (1512). On a rock above the town rises the château of Helfenstein, destroyed in 1552. Geislingen is a good starting-point for the SWABIAN ALB (p. 37). We ascend the Filsthal on foot or by diligence (twice daily, in 23/4 hrs.) to (3/2 M.) Bad Ueberkingen, (31/2 M.) Deggingen, and (5 M.) Wiesensteig (Post). About 3/4 M. beyond Deggingen we pass on the left the chalybeate baths of Ditzenbach. From Wiesensteig we ascend on foot to the (11/4 hr.) *Reussenstein, a picturesque ruined castle on a precipitous rock, command- ing the charming Neidlinger-Thal. We then follow the top of the hill to the ("/2 hr.) Heimenstein, a dark, rocky cavity, a few paces below which we obtain a fine view of the Reussenstein and the valley. Then by Rand- eck and Ochsenwang (Inn, rustic) to the (1 hr.) *Breitenstein, a lofty spur of the Alb Mts., descending precipitously to the plain. Next by the Raw- berhof and the ruins of the Rauberburg to the top of the (1 hr.) Teck, whence we descend to Owen (p. 37). If we omit the Breitenstein, we may proceed from the Reussenstein by Schopfloch to (21/2 hrs.) Gutenberg (p. 37), and thence in 2 hrs. more to Owen. The line quits the Filsthal and ascends the Geislinger Steig, a wooded limestone hill, rich in fossils, to the table-land of the Swa- bian Alb (R. 11), the watershed between the Neckar and the Da- nube. The ascent is very considerable, 350 ft. in 3 M. (1:44). The train crosses the Rauhe Alb, as this lofty plain is called (stations Amstetten, Lonsee, Westerstetten, Beimerstetten), and then descends to the valley of the Danube. The fortifications of Ulm soon become visible. The train passes close to the (r.) Wilhelmsburg, the lofty citadel of Ulm, where 30,000 Austrians under General Mack sur- rendered to the French after the battle of Elchingen (p. 25). 581/2 M. Ulm. – Hotels: *RUssischer HoF (PI. a ; A, 2), at the station, R. from 2, B. 1, D. 21/2 .4., A. 50 pf.; HôTEL DE L'EUROPE (Pl. b ; A, 2), to the leſt of the station, moderate; BAHNHOF-HöTEL, R. 1)/2 −4.; in the town : KRONPRINz (Pl. c.; D, 3); BAUMSTARK (Pl. d: B, 3); GoLDENER LöWE (Pl. e5 B, 2), moderate; OBERPoELINGER, Hirsch-Str.; *GoLDENER HIRSCH. — Beer at the Württemberger Hof, Platzgasse; Rother Ochse (with rooms). Strauss, Oberpollinger, Hirsch-Str.; Beer Saloon near the guard-house. — Wilhelmshöhe Restaurant, a fine point of view. Ulm (1204 ft.), with 36,200 inhab., formerly an important free imperial city, as its appearance still indicates, and from 1842 to 1866 a fortress of the Germanic Confederation, has belonged to Wurtemberg since 1840. It lies on the left bank of the Danube, which is here joined by the Blaw, is augmented by the Iller above 28 Route 8. ULM, From Stuttgart the town, and from this point downwards is navigable. The Danube is the boundary between Wurtemberg and Bavaria, to which New- Ulm on the opposite bank belongs (7800 inhab. ; garrison 5000). The *MUNSTER (Prot.; Pl. 4), founded in 1377, built at inter- vals down to the beginning of the 16th cent., and restored and com- pleted in 1843-90, is the largest Gothic church in Germany next to the cathedral of Cologne. The massive and beautifully decorated *Tower in the centre of the W. façade, with the magnificent triple vestibule, was designed and begun by Ulrich Ensinger (1392–95), the third of the cathedral architects, erected by his successors as far as the top of the square portion by the end of the 15th cent., and completed in 1877–90 by Prof. Aug. Beyer by the addition of the octagon and pyramid from a sketch left by Matthäus Böblinger, the last of the original architects. Being 529 ft. in height, it is the loftiest stone tower in the world (Cologne 542 ft., Strassburg 466 ft.; Eiffel tower, in iron, 985 ft.). - - The INTERIOR (adm. daily 11-12, Sun. after divine serv., free, incl. per- formance on the organ ; at other times, adm. with ascent of S. choir-tower 20 pf. : choir, chapels and sacristy, with guide, 1-4 pers. 1.4. ; organ-per- formance 10 J/4.) originally consisted of a nave with two aisles, all of equal breadth, but in 1507 the latter were divided by slender round pillars and covered with star vaulting, so as to form four aisles. Length 139 yds., width 55 yds. ; nave 141 ft., aisles 72 ft. in height. The sculpturing on the portals is worthy of inspection. On the principal W. portal are the Creation, the Fall, Apostles, etc.; on the S.E. side-portal the Last Judgment ; on the S.W. side-portal the history of Mary. The magnifi- cent Organ, the largest in Germany, built in 1856 (100 stops), has lately been restored. By the second pillar of the nave is the * Pulpit, executed by Burkhard Engelberger about 1500, the * Cover beautifully carved in wood by J. Syrlin in 1510. Farther on, to the left of the entrance to the choir, is the * Ciborium of 1469, 93 ft. in height, beautifully sculptured in stone by the ‘Master of Weingarten”. Above the choir arch is a large fresco of the Last Judgment, attributed to Herlin (1470), and till lately concealed by whitewash. The *Choir Stalls, by Jörg Syrlin the Elder, 1469–1474, whose bust adjoins the shrine of the saint, are boldly carved in oak. The busts on the N. side below embody paganism, the relief-- busts Judaism, above which is Christianity in the pointed arches. On the S. side are Sibyls below, women of the Old Testament in the middle, and women of the New Testament above. High altar by M. Schaffner (1521). Fine old stained glass in the choir of 1480. The S. aisle contains the octagonal Font, with busts of prophets, mottoes, and armorial bearings, by Syrlin the Elder (1470). On the walls and pillars are numerous escut- cheons of Swabian families. The octagonal Holy Water Basin round the E. pillar is in the late-Gothic style, by Burkhard Engelberger (1507). The S. (Besserer's) Chapel contains a beautiful portrait of Eitel Besserer by Martin Schaffner (1516). The Sacristy contains an elegant little “Altar of 1484, attributed to M. Schön. In a side-chapel is preserved an old design for the tower on parchment (1377). In the market rises the handsome Rathhaus (Pl. 11), erected at the beginning of the 16th cent. in the transition style from late- Gothic to Renaissance, with remains of old frescoes. The Fisch- kasten, a fine fountain at the S.E. corner, is by Syrlin the Elder (1482). A little to the W. is the Neue Bau (PI. 8), erected in 1591 on the site of an ancient imperial palace, now containing government- offices. The quadrangle contains a fountain with St. Elizabeth. — to Friedrichshafen. BIBERACH. 8. Route. 29 An old patrician dwelling in the Taubengasse contains an *In- dustrial Museum, with fine wood panelling, ancient sculptures in stone and wood, works in iron, Renaissance furniture, early Ger– man and other paintings, etc. — The Stone Bridge at the beginning of the Hirsch-Strasse affords a picturesque survey of the Blau, en- closed by mediaeval timber-built houses. Charming walk on the Danube from the Wilhelmshöhe (p. 27) onwards. FROM ULM To KEMPTEN, 54!/2 M. (rail in 3 hrs.). Stations Weu-Ulm, Senden (junction for Weissenhorn). To the right, on the opposite bank of the Iller, lies &ber-Kirchberg, with a château of Prince Fugger. The line now follows the Iller. Stat. Woehringen; Bellenberg. At (15 M.) Illertissen (Hirsch) is a well-preserved castle, said to be of Roman origin. Near stat. Altenstadt the extensive château of Illereichen. Stations Kellmiinz, Fellheim, Heimertingen. Then (33 M.) Memmingen (*Bairischer Hof; * Falke; Adler and Kreuz, plain), junction of the line to Herbertingen (p. 46), an old town with 9000 inhab., a free city of the Empire down to 1802, and still partly surrounded by walls. Hops are largely cultivated here. The principal church contains 67 *Choir-stalls, carved in the richest late-Gothic style (end of 15th cent.), probably by Jörg Syrlin the Elder. Among the mediaeval houses observe the Fuggerhaus, in which Wallenstein received the news of his dismissal in 1629. Amidst beautiful woods, 2 M. from Memmingen, lies Dikenreis. (Branch-line to Buchloe, p. 167.) — To the S.E. is the pilgrimage-shrine of Ottobeuren (diligence twice daily in 1/2 hr.), once a Benedictine Abbey ranking as a principality, founded in 764. The church, restored in the 18th cent., contains fine choir-stalls, a large organ, and a rich treasury. — Next stations Grönenbach, Dietmannsried, Heising, Rempten (p. 168). - From Ulm to Aalen, see p. 24; to Sigmaringen and Radolfzell, see R. 13. Our line at first ascends the left bank of the Danube, and passes the influx of the Iller. 63 M. Einsingen; 65 M. Erbach, with a château of Baron Ulm. The as yet insignificant Danube is now crossed, and a flat district traversed. Stations Risstissen (with château and park of Baron Staufenberg), Laupheim, Schemmerberg, Langenschemmern, Warthausen (with château of Herr v. König). 841/2 M. Biberach (Deutscher Kaiser and Württemberg. Hof at the station; Post; Rad), with 8263 inhab., once a free town of the Empire, is still partly surrounded by walls and towers. Wieland, who was born in 1733 in the neighbouring village of Ober–Holzheim, held a civil appointment here in 1760–69, and is said to have col- lected materials for his ‘Abderiten' from among the towns-people. A marble bust was erected to him in 1881. The Jordanbad, with a mineral spring, is 2 M. from Biberach, - - The country becomes more attractive, and woods begin to appear on both sides, 841/2 M. Ummendorf; 86 M. Schweinhausen; 89M. Essendorf; 931/2 M. Schussenried, with the district lunatic asylum. At (97. M.) Aulendorf (*Löwe), junction of the Herbertingen and Memmingen line (p. 46), is the château of Count Königsegg, with a garden commanding a fine view of the distant Alps. - The line now follows the small river Schussen to Friedrichs- hafen. The churches in Upper Swabia are frequently roofed with zinc. The population is Roman Catholic. 101 M. Durlesbach; 104.M. Mochenwangen. To the left beyond (107 M.) Niederbiegen rises the 30 Route 8. FRIEDRICHSHAFEN. old Benedictine abbey of Weingarten, with its three towers, founded in 1053 by the Guelphs, now used as barracks. Pilgrimages are still made to the church. Towards the S. the mountains of Appen- Zell Come in View. 1101/2 M. Ravensburg (1456 ft.; Post), an ancient town with 12,265 inhab., surrounded by vine-clad heights, once subject to the Guelphs, then to the Hohenstaufen, and lastly a free town of the empire, still preserves its mediaeval exterior, and is surrounded by pinnacled walls and towers of every variety. The slenderest of the latter is called the Mehlsack (“sack of flour'). The Protestant Church, restored in 1862, is a good Gothic structure, with fine mo- dern stained-glass windows. – Tramway to Weingarten (see above). The Weitsburg (1719 ft.), 1/4 hr. from the town, commands an exten- sive view of the Lake of Constance, the Alps of Appenzell and the Vor- arlberg. A still finer point is the *Waldburg (2520 ft.), 1 hr. to the E., the well-preserved ancestral castle of the family of that name (“Truchsess von Waldburg"). Beyond Ravensburg another glimpse of the Alps is obtained. The line traverses parts of the Seewald. 1131/2 M. Oberzell; 116 M. Meckenbeuern. Tettnang, with the large château of the extinct Counts of Montfort, lies to the left. The Lake of Constance at length becomes visible. 123 M. Friedrichshafen (1320 ft.; * Deutsches Haus, on the lake, by the station, with garden; *König von Württemberg, 1/4 M. from the station, recommended for a prolonged stay; *Krone, with garden, one the lake; Sonne; Drei Könige; Seehof, with garden. — *Rauch's Restaurant) lies on the Bodensee or Lake of Constance. The train goes on from the station to the quay, whence steamers ply 4-5 times daily to the chief places on the lake. The busy little town, with 3000 inhab., and a harbour, as its name indicates, was founded by King Frederick of Wurtemberg, who connected Buchhorn, the smallest of ‘imperial cities’, with the monastery of Hofen, now the palace, and gave the place its modern name. The Schloss con- tains a few pictures by modern Wurtemberg masters (Gegenbaur, Pflug, etc.). A pavilion in the palace-garden commands a charming prospect. The historical, prehistorical, and natural history col- lections of the Bodensee Verein, in the old Hôtel Bellevue, deserve a visit. The lake-baths attract many visitors in summer. Kur- haus, with terrace on the lake. Lake of Constance and steamboats upon it, see pp. 49, 170. 9. From Stuttgart to Tübingen and Horb. Comp. Map, p. 36. 64. M. RAILWAY in 31/4-4!/4 hrs. Best views to the left. To (14 M.) Plochingen, see R. 8, 181/2 M. Unterboihingen. To the right in the valley, near Köngen, the Neckar is crossed by an ancient stone bridge, from which Duke Ulrich is said to have leaped in 1519 in order to escape capture by the troops of the Swabian TÜBINGEN. 9. Route. 31 League. Branch-line to Kirchheim unter Teck (p. 37). To the left rise the Alb Mts., with the Hohenneuffen in the centre. 221/2 M. Nürtingen (Krone), a manufacturing town (pop. 5400) on the right bank of the Neckar (ascent of the Hohenneuffen, 2 hrs., see p. 38). 25 M. Neckarthailfingen. The line now quits the Neckar for a time. Near (28 M.) Bempflingen, fine views of the Alb, in which the Teck and Hohenneuffen (pp. 37, 38) are conspicuous, are obtained to the left. From (30 M.) Metzingen (*Sprandel, at the station; Linde) a branch-line diverges to Dettingen and Urach (1/2 hr.; p. 38). The Erms is crossed here. Fine view from the *Floriansberg (1598ft.), 3/4 hr. to the N.E. – 331/2 M. Sondelfingen. The line skirts the Achalm (p. 40). 36 M. Reutlingen (*Ochs, in the market-place, R. 11/4, D. 2./. ; Kronpring, at the station; Lamm, in the Karlsplatz, near the station), once a free city of the empire, is now an industrial town with 18,499 inhab., on the Echag, the water of which is conducted through the streets. Some of the old houses are picturesque. The ancient ramparts and fosses have been converted into well-built streets. In front of the station is a monument to Frederick List (d. 1846), the political economist, who was born in a house in the Wilhelms- Strasse (indicated by a tablet). In the market-place, in front of the Spitalkirche, rises an old Gothic fountain. The Gothic (Prot.) *Church of St. Mary, said to be the finest in Wurtemberg, was erected 1247–1343, and restored in 1844, when some very early frescoes were discovered in the sacristy. The octagonal stone *Font of 1499 is admirably and richly sculptured; the reliefs in the niches represent the Baptism of Christ and the Seven Sacraments. The *Holy Sepulchre in the nave (about 1480) is also very interesting. The handsome modern altar was designed hy Beisbarth and exe- cuted by Lauer (1878). The sacristan's house is opposite the S. side of the church. — ”Lucas's Pomological Institution and the Re- fuge of Pastor Werner (‘Bruderhaus') merit a visit. The little sulphur-bath of Heilbrunnen is 3/4 M. from the station. — Excur- sion to Schloss Lichtenstein, see p. 40. 38 M. Betzingen is noted for its picturesque costumes, which attract many artists in summer. At (401/2 M.) Kirchentellinsfurt the line crosses the Echaz and re-enters the Neckarthal. To the right Lustnaw, with a fine church. 45 M. Tübingen. — Hotels. *TRAUBE, R. 1-1/2 .4., D. 1.4. 20, B. 75 pf.; PRINz CARL ; LAMM, in the market-place, moderate. — Beer at Kommerell’s, near the Stiftskirche : Müller's, by the Neckar bridge; Museum, Wilhelms-Str.: Schlossbrauerei, Markt, etc. — Wine at Seeger's, Herren- berger-Str.: Riess's, Neckar-Str. Tübingen, a town with 13,276 inhab., finely situated on a hill on the Neckar, possesses a university, founded by Duke Eberhard in 1477, of which the theological and medical faculties especially enjoy a high reputation (over 1400 students). Melanchthon was a 32 Route 9. TÜBINGEN. lecturer here before he was summoned to Wittenberg. The Stift, a Protestant seminary with 180 pupils, founded in 1536 by Duke Ulrich, is established in an old Augustinian monastery. The Roman Catholic Wilhelmsstift, with about 450 students, occupies the old Collegium Illustre, founded in 1588 for sons of the nobility. The Town Hall, a richly coloured timber-built edifice, erected in 1435, was restored in 1877. The house looking down on the Neckar bridge (No. 24 Neckar- halde) was the residence of the poet Uhland, who died here in 1862. His grave in the cemetery is marked by a monument of granite. Near the station, in the beautiful shady promenades of the ‘Wöhrd', is a bronze *Statue of the poet, by Kietz, erected in 1873. In the plantation at the end of the avenue of planes is a monument to the authoress Ottilie Wildermuth (d. 1877). Beyond the station are large new barracks and several factories. The late-Gothic Stiftskirche (1470–1529) contains fine old stained glass in the *Choir; twelve monuments with recumbent stone figures, chiefly of Wurtemberg princes, including Duke Eberhard im Bart (d. 1496), founder of the university, and Duke Ulrich (d. 1550); and an old German winged picture by a master of Ulm (1520). The organ-loft is adorned with a bust of Luther by Donndorf. — Beyond the Wilhelmsstift (see above) is the handsome new Roman Catholic Church, in the early Gothic style. The older part of the town is unattractive. The University, the Women's and the Surgical Clinical Hospitals, the Museum, and other important buildings are in the new and handsome Wilhelms- Strasse in the E. quarter. The university possesses a picture-gallery (a Correggio, a Murillo, etc., and 125 portraits of professors) and other collections, chief among which is that of Fossils, in the old building next to the Stiftskirche (a fine ichthyosaurus, 24 ft. in length, etc.). At the back of the university rises an obelisk in memory of Silcher, the composer (d. 1860). — The Botanical Garden of the university contains a Monument to the poet Hölderlin (d. 1843), presented by the sculptor Andresen in 1881. By the Town Hall (see above) a path ascends to the left to the spacious Schloss, situated on a hill commanding the town, erected by Duke Ulrich in the Renaissance style in 1535, with a richly deco- rated outer portal of 1603. It contains an admirably arranged library and an observatory. The cellars, which contain an immense cask, a deep well formerly descending to the Neckar, and torture-cham- bers, are shown to visitors. Fine *View from the small bastion at the back of the Schloss (reached from the court of the Schloss through the low passage beyond the well; then to the left); also from the Oesterberg opposite the Schloss (Café Sennhütte). From Tübingen to Hohenzollern and Sigmaringen, see R. 12. To the N. of Tübingen, 3 M. on the old Stuttgart road, lies the well- preserved old Cistercian monastery of *Bebenhausen, founded in 1185, one of the finest Gothic structures in Swabia. The building was tastefully re- BÖBLINGEN. - 10. Route. 33 stored in 1873-75, and is now a royal hunting-residence. The summer- refectory with a collection of ancient arms and armour, the winter- refectory with its Gobelins, and the present dining-hall with its collection of majolica (over 300 pieces) are worthy of inspection. The fine cloisters date from 1471–1496. Restaurant on the high-road. On a height (1562 ft.), 11/4 hr. to the N.W., rises the Wurmlinger Capelle, commanding an extensive view. Its praises have been sung by Uhland and other poets. (The chapel may be reached by a pleasant path through the wood from the Schloss at Tübingen, following the top of the hill.) To the left, from the platform 5 min. beyond the bastion, a view is obtained of the Hohenzollern. About halfway rises the Buss (1536 ft.), with a belvedere-tower. 48 M. Kilchberg. — 514/2 M. Rottenburg (Bär; Kaiser), an old town (7027 inhab.) picturesquely situated on the Neckar, con- nected by two bridges with the suburb of Ehingen, is an episcopal see. The late-Gothic Church of St. Martin, with its perforated spire, is interesting. The Bischofshof, formerly a Jesuit convent, con- tains a collection of Roman antiquities found here in the old Roman station of Swmelocenna. The inmates of the new Prison are em- ployed in the manufacture of silk. Hops abound. The train crosses the Neckar and follows the left bank. Vineyards gradually give way to pine-forest. 531/2 M. Niedernau. The chaly- beate and sulphur baths of that name lie in a valley on the opposite bank. The line crosses the Neckar, and near (55 M.) Bieringen the Starzel. To the right beyond a long tunnel rises Schloss Weilerburg, with its fine pinnacled tower, commanding a fine view. On a pine- clad hill to the left of (591/2 M.) Eyach is the ruin of Frondeck. Prettily situated in the Eyachthal, 21/2 M. to the S. (omnibus from the station in 20 min.) are the chalybeate baths of Imnau (*Badhaus, R. 1-2./., board 2./. 10 pf. to 2./. 80 pf.), chiefly visited by ladies. Good baths (mineral, pine-cone, Saline, Turkish, and vapour). Pretty walks and ex- cursions. – In the Eyachthal, 4 M. to the S., lies the little Prussian town of Haigerloch, picturesquely situated in a deep valley, and commanded by on Old Schloss of the Counts of Hohenberg. 62 M. Mühlem; 64 M. Horb. From Horb to Stuttgart vià Böb- lingen, and to Schaffhausen viá Immendingen, see R. 10; to Calw and Pforzheim, see p. 14; to Hausach, p. 34. 10. From Stuttgart to Böblingen and Schaffhausen. 123 M. RAILWAY (express in 5 hrs. 7 min.). This is the direct route from Stuttgart to Central Switzerland (express from Stuttgart to Zürich in 63/4 hrs. ; through-carriages), and to the Baden Oberland (see below). From Stuttgart to (5 M.) Hasenberg, see p. 9. Just beyond the station the train penetrates a spur of the Hasenberg, and then as- cends (1:100), high above the suburb of Heslach and the gradually contracting valley. Pretty views to the left. The line runs through wood on the Heslacher Wand, and is carried across three deep gorges by lofty embankments. At (9 M.) Vaihingen, the train reaches the Filder, the fertile upland plain to the S. of Stuttgart. The Schön- buchwald is now traversed to (151/2 M.) Böblingen (Waldhorn; Bär), an old town, with a castle, prettily situated on two large ponds. The BAEDEKER's S. Germany. 7th Edit. 3 34 Route 10. HORB. From Stuttgart *Waldburg, 10 min. above the town, with a wooded park and ex- tensive view, is a favourite resort. + 19 M. Ehningen (the Würm is crossed); 21 M. Gartringen; 23 M. Nufringen. 251/2 M. Herrenberg (Post), an old town in the fertile Gäu ; to the left the hills of the Schönbuch and the Rauhe Alb. – 28 M. Nebringen; 31 M. Bondorf; 331/2 M. Ergenzingen; 35 M. Eutingen (Rail. Restaur.), junction for Pforzheim (p. 14). FROM EUTINGEN TO HAUSACH, 421/2 M., railway in 2/2-31/2 hrs. (from Stuttgart in 41/4-6 hrs.). The line turns to the right, and as far as (2/2 M.) JHochdorf coincides with the Nagold railway (p. 14). It then ascends and enters the Black Forest. Stations: Altheim, Bittelbronn, Schopfloch, Dorn- stetten. Three lofty viaducts. 181/2 M. Freudenstadt (2382 ft. ; *Schwarzwald-Hôtel, at the station, with fine view ; Hôtel Braun, Bahnhof-Str.: Post; Linde), a loftily-situated Wurtemberg town (6263 inhab.), was founded in 1599 by Protestant re- fugees from Styria, Carinthia, and Moravia, and is now a summer resort. At the N.E. corner of the extensive Platz, with its arcaded houses, rises the Rathhaus, and at the S.W. corner is the curious Prof. Church, built in 1601-8. It consists of two naves forming an angle, one set apart for male, the other for female worshippers, while pulpit and altar are placed at the apex of the angle. Observe the carved choir-stalls and the Roman- esque font brought from the monastery of Alpirsbach. Near the Rom. Cath. church, 1/2 M. from the town, we obtain a *View of the Swabian Alb, Hohenzollern, etc. — Good roads lead from Freudenstadt to the W. over the Kniebis to Oppenau, and to the N. through the Murgthal to Gerns- bach and Wildbad (p. 15). The train turns to the S. and enters the smiling Kinzigthal at (221/2 M.) Jossburg. — 28 M. Alpirsbach (* Löwe, Schwan), with a Romanesque church of the 11th cent., has a brisk trade in timber and straw-hats. Near it is the Krähenbad. – 311/2 M. Schenkenzell; 331/2 M. Schiltach (Krone), at the confluence of the Schiltach and the Kinzig; 391/2 M. Wolfach; 421/2 M. Hausach, see Baedeker’s Rhine. The train descends the narrow valley of Mühlen and crosses the Neckar. 42 M. Horb (Zum Kaiser; Krone; Bār; Zwm Bahnhof'), with 2200 inhab., has a large church in the transition style. On the hill an ancient watch-tower and a pilgrimage-chapel. — Railway by Tübingen and Plochingen to Stuttgart, see R. 9. - The train follows the broad and smiling valley, and for a short way traverses Prussian territory. 46 M. Neckarhausen. The river is crossed, and the valley contracts. To the N. above Fischingen rises the extensive ruin of Wehrstein. 50 M. Sulz am Neckar (Wald- horn), a conspicuous and important looking little town, with a Gothic church. Then a tunnel. To the left beyond it rises the ruin of Geroldseck on an isolated hill. Near (56 M.) Aistaig pleasant glimpses of the valley are enjoyed. 58 M. Oberndorf (Post), a thriv- ing village to the right. The old Augustinian monastery is now a gun-factory (director, Herr Mauser). 61 M. Epfendorf; 64 M. Thal- hausen. The journey hence to Rottweil is the most interesting part of the route. The line is carried over four bridges, through four tunnels, and lastly by a long tunnel through the hill on which Rott- Weil lies. The station, with the extensive railway engine-factory, is 1/2 M. from the town. The saline springs and baths of Wilhelms- hall lie 11/2 M. to the S. to Schaffhausen. TUTTLINGEN. 10. Route. 35 68 M. Rottweil (* Wilder Mann, or Post; Lamm; Rail. Restau- rant, D. with wine 2 /. 80 pf.), an ancient town (6908 inhab.) with well-preserved walls and towers, was a free city of the Em- pire down to 1802. The *Heiligen – Kreuz-Kirche, a fine Gothic structure (1374-1473), has been restored by Heideloff. The Ka- pellenkirche, with its handsome Gothic tower of 1374, was entirely remodelled at the beginning of last century. Some good carvings on the S. side and in the panels of the doors are the sole relics of the original structure. The Chapel of St. Lawrence in the old ceme- tery contains a collection of mediaeval carvings, chiefly of the Upper Swabian school. In the centre is a mosaic from a Roman bath (Or- pheus). The massive Hochthurm (148 ft.), in the highest part of the town on the W. side, commands an extensive view. - To VILLINGEN, 17 M. (rail in 11/4 hr.). Stations Deisslingen, Trossin- gen, Schwenningen (the source of the Neckar is 3 M. to the S.). The line traverses a lofty plain, the watershed between the Rhine and Danube, and beyond stat. Marbach descends the Brigachthal to Willingen (see Baedekeſ’s Rhine). w The line crosses the Neckar and enters the broad Primthal. To the left, several picturesque glimpses of the Hardt, Linsenberg, and other spurs of the Alb. 721/2 M. Neufra. The line ascends, and then traverses the Baar, a high-lying, well-cultivated plain. 75 M. Aldingen. To the left rises the long Heuberg (2894 ft.), with the Dreifaltigkeitskirche on the nearest peak, adjacent to which is a bel- vedere tower (ascended from Spaichingen in 11/4 hr.; splendid *Pan- orama). To the right in the distance is the flattened cone of the Hohenkarpfen. 771/2 M. Spaichingen (*Krone; *Alte Post; Neue Post), a straggling village. 801/2 M. Rietheim. 821/2 M. Wurmlingen (Belle- vue), a small town on the Faulenbach, 1/2 M. from the railway. The line describes a long curve, and crosses the Danube. 851/2 M. Tuttlingen (Post; Hecht; Bartenbach, at the station, "well spoken of), an industrial town (10,092 inhab.), lies on the right bank of the Danube. Above it rise the ruins of the Homburg, de- stroyed during the Thirty Years' War, a good point of view. The line traverses the broad valley of the Danube, and crosses the river near (1101/2M.) Möhringen. 92 M. Immendingen (Falke), junction for Donaueschingen and Waldshut (see Baedeker's Rhine). The train recrosses the Danube, gradually ascends its S. bank, penetrates the watershed between Danube and Rhine by means of deep cuttings and a tunnel, and descends beyond (95 M.) Hattingen (Hauser). After a long tunnel and several lofty viaducts, the line runs on a high level along the E. slope of the hills. 99 M. Thal- mühle. We now descend the wooded Engener Thal to (102 M.) Engen (Post), an ancient little town, where the mountains are quitted. The train now skirts the volcanic peaks of the Höhgau, the highest of which, the Hohenhöfen (2854 ft.), rises to the W. of (1031/2 M.) Welschingen; beyond it is the Hohenstoffeln. 106 M. Mühlhausen, with the ruin of Mägdeberg. 107 M. Hohenkrähen 3 * 36 Route 10. HOEIENT WIEL. lies at the foot of a bold rock (2146 ft.), crowned with fragments of an old castle. - 1101/2 M. Singen (*Krone, 1/2 M. from the station; Adler, at the station, well spoken of ; Ekkehard) lies at the base of the Hohentwiel. The fortress of *Hohentwiel (2273 ft.), a small ‘enclave” of Wurtem- berg, rises on a lofty isolated rock 3/4 M. to the N.W. of Singen (3/2 M. from the station). It was successfully defended during the Thirty Years' War by the Wurtemberg commandant Wiederholt, to whom a monument has been erected. In 1800 it was destroyed by the French. The imposing ruins command a superb view of the Lake of Constance and the Alps. Indicator and telescope at the top. A guide, the key, and a ticket for the tower (20 pf.) are procured at the * Inn halfway up. 144M. Gottmadingen; 41.71/2 M. Thayingen; 120M. Herblingen. 123 M. Schaffhausen (*Rheinischer Hof, Riese, Hôtel Müller, all three near the station; *Post; Railway Restaurant) is a pictur- esque old Swiss town (12,402 inhab.) on the right bank of the Rhine, formerly a free town of the Empire, and now the capital of the Canton of that name. The Münster, an early-Romanesque basilica of 1104–1453, has recently been restored. The massive tower of Munot dates from the ióth century. The Fåsenstaub, a pleasant promenade, commands a fine view of the Rhine and the Alps. The *FALLS OF THE RHINE are most conveniently visited by rail from Schaffhausen to stat. Weuhausen, 21/2 M. distant. See Baedeker’s Switzerland. 11. The Swabian Alb. This district, the central part of Swabia, is a wooded range of lime- stone mountains, intersected by picturesque valleys, bounded on the W. by the Black Forest, on the N. by the valley of the Neckar, and on the S. by the Danube. The portion adjoining the Danube, a lofty and sterile plain, is appropriately called the RAUHE ALB (i. e. bleak, inclement). The hills on the side towards the Neckar are picturesquely grouped, affording numerous views, the valleys are luxuriantly fertile and partly clothed with fine beech-forest, many of the towns are antiquated and interesting. Ped- estrians in particular will find many attractions. Inns generally good and . inexpensive. ,-- The most interesting points, which may be visited in five days, are: the Rechberg and Hohenstaufen, the Lenninger Thal and the Teck, Hohenºmeu.j'en, the Uracher Thal, Reutlingen with the Achalm, the Honauer Thal and Lichtenstein, Tübingen, Hohenzollern. FIRST DAY. By the first train from Stuttgart to Gmünd (p. 24). Thence by a good road (on which the omnibus to Süssen runs, see p. 24) to the (4 M.) upper *Rechberg (2316 ft.), on the broad summit of which stands a much frequented pilgrimage-chapel (re- freshments at the parsonage, but no quarters for the night). The view embraces a fertile and undulating landscape, sprinkled with towns and villages, stretching to the N. as far as the Welzheimer Wald, from the old-fashioned town of Gmünd in the foreground to the distant Ellwangen. To the W., beyond the old castle of Rech- berg, rise the Hohenstaufen and the Black Forest Mts.; towards the S.W. extend the ranges of the Swabian Alb ; and in clear weather the Tyrolese and Swiss Alps may be descried towards the S.E. and S. We next visit the ruined castle of Hohen rechberg (burned down à: º fº - &gſ - Cº. º * Zºº., ºber ~ Sº * ... º. ºº - JA #Sºverniggº sº. º º % - - - ſ - - - º §º º, º gº º - º - tº º ºğLAU/ Friedrichshºfen.” -º S. 10 Ikilometer. Emgl. MiTes. Geogr. Meiler. HOHENSTAUFEN. 11. Route. 37 in 1865), on the lower peak of the hill. Thence by a distinct path on the crest of the hill in 11/2 hr. to the village of Hohenstaufen (Ochs, Lamm, both moderate), on the slope of the *Hohenstaufen (2237 ft.), to which a path ascends from the village in 20 minutes. Near this path is a small Church, now partly restored, the sole relic of the epoch of the Imperial House of Hohenstaufen. (Sacristan lives near; fee.) The gable was restored in 1859 and adorned with the imperial eagle surrounded by the names of the emperors of this illustrious family (1138– 1254), which became extinct by the premature death of the ill-fated Con- radin in Italy. Above are the armorial bearings of the seven ancient electorates of Germany ; beneath, those of the former kingdom of Jerusa- lem; then those of the other countries (Burgundy, Holland, Denmark, Po- land, Sardinia, Naples, &c.) over which the emperors held supremacy. On the N, wall is an old fresco, almost obliterated, of Frederick Barbarossa, with inscription, probably of the 16th cent. , recording that the emperor, “amor bonorum, terror malorum', was in the habit of entering the church by this door (now walled up). Of the ancient castle itself, which lay on the top of the hill, scarcely a trace is left; it was destroyed during the War of the Pea- sants in 1525, and the stones were afterwards used in building the castle at Göppingen (p. 26). - A pleasant road, traversing woods for a long way, leads from the village of Hohenstaufen to (51/2 M.) Göppingen (rail. stat., p. 26). Thence by evening-train vià Plochingen in 11/2 hr. to Unterboihingen (p. 30), and in 19 min. more by Oethlingen to Kirchheim unter Teck (Post; Löwe), a small town with a handsome château, prettily sit- uated in the Lauterthal. Or we may walk from the village of Hohenstaufen to (11/4 hr.) Eis- lingen (p. 27), take the train to (3/4 hr.) Geislingen, and walk thence by Wiesensteig to Owen (comp. p. 27). SECOND DAY. Excursion to the * Lemminger Thai, one of the finest in the Alb, extending 12 M. to Gutenberg, a charming drive. From (41/2 M.) the little town of Owen (ow pron. as in cow; Post or Krone, moderate), with a handsome restored Gothic church, buri- al-place of the Dukes of Teck, we ascend (in 4 hr. ; following the telegraph-posts and then turning to the right) to the ruined castle of *Teck (2552 ft.), the ancestral seat of the Dukes of Teck (belve- dere-tower; refreshments; the Sibyllenloch is a lofty grotto on the W. brink of the rock). Beyond Owen the Diepoldsburg rises high above us on the left. On a steep rock at Ober-Lenningen (Ochs, poor) are the remains of the Wielandstein. At the E. end of the valley lies Gutenberg (Löwe), a little to the S. of which is the ruin of Sperberseck. - Above Gutenberg, to the left, in the upper slope of the valley, is the *Gutenberg Stalactite Grotto (“Tropfsteinhöhle"), discovered in Dec. 1889, and well worth seeing. (Guide and magnesium lights necessary.) We pass through the Heppenloch, two chambers discovered earlier, where num- erous fossil bones, flint implements, etc. were found, to the ‘Gothic Hall”, with its splendid ice-like stalactites and stalagmites. Then through a long passage to the ‘Moorish Iſall' with the ‘Waterfall’, and past the ‘Dwarf's Palace”, the “Spindles”, etc., to the ‘Klamm', a deep gully to Which a ſlight of stone steps gives access. About 2 min. from the entrance 38 Route 11. URACH. Swabian Alb. to the large cavern diverges the Wolfsschlucht, an interesting though smaller grotto, made accessible in 1890. From Gutenberg (guide advisable) we may walk by Schlattstall and Grabenstetten to the Beuren Rock and Hohenneuffen (in 3 hrs.), without descending into the valley. (Carriages drive by Owen and Beuren to Neuffen.) The *Beurener Fels (“Rock of Beuren’; ascended by a good path from Owen or from Beuren in 14/4 hr.), a bold projecting rock, com- mands a beautiful view (Rechberg, Hohenstaufen, Black Forest, Me- libocus, Donnersberg, Vosges). Hence across the plateau by Erken- brechtsweiler in 1 hr. to the – - *Hohenneuffen (2398 ft.), a conical and conspicuous height, projecting far into the Valley, and crowned by the imposing ruins of an ancient stronghold, demolished as unsafe in 1802. Fine view with charming foreground. (Refreshments when the flag is hoisted.) From the Hohenneuffen to stat. Nürtingen, 11/2 hr. (see p. 31). Or Urach may be reached hence in 2 hrs. by crossing the table-land and passing the village of Hülben, without descending into the valley. But it is pleasanter to descend by a good path through the wood to the pretty little town of Neuffen (Ochs; Hirsch). At the lower end of the place (finger-post) we ascend to the left, take the broad track to the left where the route divides, and follow it across the Sattelbogen, which affords a striking survey of the Uracher Thal, to (11/2 hr.) Dettingen in the Urach valley (p. 31). Thence by train in 1/4 hr. to Urach. - THIRD DAY. Urach (1540 ft. ; *Post, Haas “Zur Krome', both in the market-place; beer at Heinzelmann's and Wenz's; rooms at the latter), an old-fashioned little town, is frequented as a sum- mer-resort. The Church of St. Amandus was built in 1472, and the Canonry (now a Prot. School) in 1477 by Count Eberhard im Bart, whose confessional in the church is adorned with good carving . (1472). The church also contains an interesting font, executed in 1518 by Christoph of Urach; pulpit probably by the same master. In the Schloss, erected in 1443, partly of timber, is the ‘Goldner Saal’, containing reminiscences of the Counts, afterwards Dukes of Wurtemberg. Fine Gothic Fountain in the market-place (end of 15th cent.). Railway to Metzingen in 31 min., see p. 31. The * Uracher Thal from Dettingen to Seeburg, 6 M. above Urach, surpasses that of Lenningen ; the slopes are richly clad with beech-forest. Several quarries of tufa. Near Dettingen rises the conspicuous Rossberg (2572 ft.); farther up, beyond the Uracher Bleiche, the Kugelberg, in a side-valley on the right; then Hohen- Urach and the Thiergartenberg; on the opposite side the Hochberg. Beyond Urach the road ascends by the course of the Erms, which drives numerous mills and a large cotton-factory, into the *Seebur- ger Thal, a picturesque, rocky, and wooded valley. Above the Georgenau rises the ruined Hohenwittlingen, under which is the fine stalactite-cavern of Schillingsloch. In the upper and wildest Swabian Alb HOHEN-URACH. 11. Route. 39 part of the valley, between lofty rocks, lies the hamlet of Seeburg (Löwe, poor). On a rock high above it is the little château of Uhen- fels. The infant Erms, though only 50 yds. from its source, most creditably drives a mill here. The excursion from Urach to Seeburg is best made in an open carriage (with one horse, there and back about 3./.). - The most attractive excursion from Urach is to Hohen - Urach and to the waterfall. The Hohen-Urach (2138 ft.; 3/4 hr. ; good easy path; on entering the wood avoid the first path diverging to the right by the large beech) is crowned with extensive ruins and affords a good view, but is inferior in interest to the Hohenneuffen. Below the second gateway of the castle, to the left, is the chamber in which the ill-fated poet Frischlin was imprisoned; in attempting to escape he was dashed to pieces on the rocks below (1590). A path through beautiful beech-wood leads hence to (1/2 hr.) a sequestered grassy terrace, from which the *Waterfall of Urach takes a leap of 80 ft. (To reach it from the ruined castle, we retrace our steps for 10 min., as far as the last finger-post ‘auf die Festung', turn to the right, reach a new finger-post, and either go straight on to the top of the waterfall or take the path to the right leading to its foot.) The best point of view is the ‘Olga–Ruhe", so named since a visit of the Queen of Wurtemberg. The trains stop if desired at the entrance to the valley containing the fall. Back to Urach, 1/2 hr. From Urach we may go by rail in 47 min. vià Metzingen (to the E. of which is the Floriansberg, p. 34) to Reutlingen (p. 31); but it is far preferable to cross the hills on foot (4 hrs., guide desirable). On our return from the waterfall, we turn at the foot of the Kugel- berg into the other branch of the side-valley, to Güterstein, formerly a Carthusian monastery, now a stud-establishment; then a steep ascent by the “Wasserweg', past the Fohlenstall, now a shepherd's station, to St. Johann (Inn, fair); or direct thither from the water- fall by the ZigZag path to the right. On leaving the wood at the (1/2 hr.) top of the hill, the path leads straight on past a stone hut called the Rutschenhof. But we first follow the slope to the right as far as the boundary-stone, to obtain a charming view of the peaceful valley, with the Hohen-Urach, Hohenneuffen, and Teck, one of the finest prospects in the Swabian Alb. From the Rutschen- hof we either continue our route straight on, or we follow the track to the left and then, by the corner of the wood, the road to the right, to the (1/2 hr.) Fohlenstall above mentioned. From this point a path diverges to the right (finger-post) from the path to St. Johann, and leads in 25 min. to the *Grüne Felsen (“green rock'; 2651 ft.), a delightful point of view. We then retrace our steps and take the good road to the right leading to St. Johann in 10 min. From St. Johann a good road (with short-cuts) descends to Eningen (*Bazlen), a busy market-town at the foot of the Achalm (ascent 3/4 hr.), and to (8 M.) Reutlingen (p. 31). \, ..." 40 Route 11. LICHTENSTEIN FourTH DAY. From Reutlingen to the summit of the * Achalm (2300 ft.), an isolated mountain, with vineyards and orchards at its base. About halfway up is a sheep-farm of the King of Wurtem- berg. On the summit a lofty tower with a huge wane. Admirable *View: Tübingen Castle, Schloss Lichtenstein, the Hohen neuffen, Rechberg, Hohenstaufen, and other peaks of the Alb; picturesque foreground; below us lies Reutlingen, to the S. Eningen. The car- riage-road to the Achalm, diverging from the Metzingen and Urach road, is much longer than the footpath, by which the summit is easily attained in 11/4 hr. : from the post-office we ascend the Garten-Strasse (10 min.) to the left, at the end of it to the left again ; in 10 min. we reach the foot of the Achalm and the path passes under a bridge; after 3 min. we ascend to the left towards the sheep-farm ; after 7 min. we go straight on , avoiding the path to the left, and reach the farm in 1/4 hr, more ; thence by a winding path to the summit in 1/2 hr. Key of the tower (40 pf.) kept at the farm. Delightful excursion from Reutlingen, one of the most attractive in Swabia, to (8 hrs. to the S.) Schloss *Lichtenstein (2985 ft.), or the “Schlösschen', a château erected in 1842 by Count Wilhelm of Wurtemberg on an isolated rock, 850 ft. above the Honau valley. (Cards of admission obtained at the Old Palace at Stuttgart, between 15th Apr. and 15th Oct., 8-9 a.m.; the château is closed on Whit- sunday and Whitmonday.) The road (diligence from Reutlingen to Honau at 8–40 a.m., 80 pf.; returning at 4.15 p.m.; carr. and pair 40.4. and fee; omnibus for 8–10 pers. 12.4. and fee) leads by Pfullingen (Hirsch; Lamm), with two paper-mills, Unterhausen (Adler), Oberhausen (Hirsch; Krone), and (6 M.) Honau (Rössle). To reach the castle we retrace our steps for 60 paces, diverge to the left between houses, and ascend a meadow; after 5 min. we enter a beech-wood and then follow a steep but well-kept zigzag path to (1/2 hr.) the castle. Or we may drive as far as Oberhausen only, and ascend to the right by a good road on the wooded W. slope; at the first bifurcation we keep to the left; after 1/2 hr. we leave the road at a cutting in the rock, ascend a few steps to the left, and after 8 min. in a straight direction reach the forester's house (re- freshments), adjoining the entrance to the castle. The castle is approached by a drawbridge, by which a cleft in the rock is crossed. The interior is tastefully fitted up in the mediaeval style, and adorned with a number of fine old German pictures of the Swabian school, by Wohlgemuth, Holbein, Schöm, &c. There are also numerous antiquities, weapons, and suits of armour, but the principal attraction is the *View obtained from the lofty tower (129 ft.). In fine weather, to the S. beyond the plateau of the Alb, the Swiss and Tyrolese Alps are visible, the Glärnisch, Churfirsten, Sentis, Vorarlberg Mts., and Zugspitze; to the N., far below, the picturesque green Honauer Thal, through which the Echaz and the Albstrasse wind; beyond it the Achalm and the extensive plain. Even the Königsstubl at Heidelberg is said to be visible. On a projecting rock outside the château the count has erected a monument to the novelist Hauff (d. 1827), by whose pen the old castle of Lichtenstein has been immortalised. The Nebelhöhle, a stalactite grotto, 200 yds. long and 75 ft. high, 3 M. to the W. of Lichtenstein, is frequently visited, but the brilliancy of the HECHINGEN. 12. Route. 41 stalactites has been sullied by the smoke of the torches. Adm. Å0 pf. each person, guide 1 -/., each torch 40 pf., Bengal fire 50 pf. ; key and guides at the Hirsch at Oberhausen. A national festival is held here on Whitmonday, when the cavern is illuminated. The cavern is 2/2 M. from Oberhausen, and about as far from Lichtenstein. The path to the latter runs as follows: on the plateau, 5 min. from the cave, bear to the left, due S.; bear to the left again at the cross-roads after 5 min. more ; 5 min. further, a field, where we skirt the wood to the right; 5 min. more, turn to the left, and cross the moor to a group of trees where the tower comes into view. Descent from Lichtenstein to Honau 20 min. The Olgahöhle at Honau is smaller than the Nebelhöhle, but cleaner and more easily accessible. It is seen to advantage by electric light (40 pf. each person). The Karlshöhle, near Erpfingen, 2 hrs. from Pfullingen (see above), is another and more interesting grotto, the stalactites being still uninjured. The road leads through the Honawer Thal, ascends the Honawer Steige, and passes Engstingen. Visitors can drive to the entrance. The stalactites here bear a striking resemblance to Gothic architecture, human figures, etc. Near the entrance are two boxes filled with human and bears’ bones. – Pleasant way back by Lichtenstein to Pfullingen (2 hrs.). Evening train (p. 31) from Reutlingen to Tübingen, 1/2 hr. FIFTH DAY. Visit to the Hohenzollern, etc., see below. 12. From Tübingen to Hechingen and Sigmaringen, 54 M. RAILWAY in 3/4 hrs. — Comp. Map, p. 36. Tübingen, see p. 31. The Hohenzollern Itailway diverges to the left at the station, describes a wide curve, and enters the Stein- lachthal, noted for its thriving villages, its sturdy peasantry, and picturesque costumes. To the left are the small Blàsibad and the round Blàsiberg, with an old chapel of St. Blasius. The Steinlach is crossed near (5 M.) Dusslingen. The picturesque hills of the Swabian Alb on the left are now approached : the Rossberg, the broad-backed Farrenberg, and the precipitous Dreifürstenstein ; in the background the Salmandinger Chapel. Near (10 M.) Mös– singen the Steinlach is again crossed. On a hill to the left stands the ancient Belsener Chapel; to the right are the sulphur-baths of Sebastiansweiler. Beyond (13 M.) Bodelshausen, the highest point on the line, the train crosses the Prussian frontier. Before us rises the Hohenzollern. We then descend to — 151/2 M. Hechingen (*Linde, omnibus at the station; carr. and pair to Hohenzollern Castle 6./. and gratuity; Rad; Löwe ; beer at the Museum), formerly the residence of the Princes of Hohenzollern- Hechingen, but acquired by Prussia in 1850. It is an old town with 3600 inhab., situated on the abrupt slope of the valley of the Star- gel. The Parish Church, erected in 1783, contains a relief by Peter Vischer, representing Count Eitel Friedrich II. of Zollern (d. 1512) and his wife Magdalena of Brandenburg (d. 1495). The small Prot. Church on the S. side of the town is a tasteful modern structure in the pointed style. On the road, 1/4M. farther, is the Villa Eugenia, with gardens, the property of the Prince. The train crosses the Starzel, passes through several cuttings, 42 Route 12. HOHENZOLLERN. From Tübingen and reaches (19 M.) Zollern (*Brielhof, one-horse carr. to the castle 5, two-horse 7 .4.), the station of which is built in the same style as the castle. A good road (the windings of which are avoided by short-cuts following the telegraph-posts) leads hence to the (21/2 M.) magnificent castle of *Hohenzollern (2840 ft.), grandly situated on an isolated wooded eminence of the Alb. It was erected by Frederick William IV. in 1850–55 as a royal château, and com- pleted in 1867. The bold and skilful construction is as remar- Kable as the situation. The old castle which occupied this site was destroyed in 1423 and repeat- edly restored (the last time in 1554), but at the beginning of the present cen- tary little of it remained:except; the chapel.” An inscription over the “Adler- º 2. © sea. ºx2 º * £3% % } % ſº º |||} | º } §§§ §§ \} % §§§ ſ §ſº ITTIſ: - - Š §§ §§ § thor” (PI.1) alludes to the history of the edifice; above it is the Prussian eagle; below it an equestrian figure representing the Elector Frederick I. Passing through the Adlerthor, the visitor enters the ‘Rampenthurm’, within the nar- row limits of which three bold and ingeniously contrived curves and a wind- ing tunnel lead to the gate-tower situated 75 ft. higher. The balustrade above the entrance to the tunnel is adorned with two lance-bearers in stone. The summit of the precipitous rock is enclosed, in accordance with the ancient plan of the castle, by walls 45-65 ft. in height, in the form of a heptagon, and provided with bastions and corner turrets. Within this enclosure stands the modern castle, a winged edifice with five towers, two of which rise to a height of 120 ft. above the external walls. The two lowest of the five stories of the building are vaulted and designed for purposes of de- fence. The towers are adorned with the arms of the Zollern family. On the tower of St. Michael, above the balcony of the apartments of the Em- press, is a representation of St. Michael and the Dragon in bronze. The style of the entire structure is that of the latter part of the 14th cent., which has been strictly adhered to, notwithstanding the serious difficulties encountered in constructing the approach to the castle and providing it with fortifications. The garrison consists of a company of infantry. To the left in the upper Burghof is the Burggarten, adorned with a bronze statue of Fred. William IV. beneath a Gothic canopy (Pl. 4). Op- posite, to the right, is the Wehrhaus, or barrack, containing a restaurant. Adjoining it is the Protestant Chapel (Pl. 3), in the Gothic style. To the to Sigmaringen. EBINGEN. 12. Route. 43 left (S.) rises the Michaelsthurm with the relief-portraits and armorial bearings of the different lords of the castle. To the E. of it, in the di- rection of the garden, is the Roman Catholic Chapel of St. Michael (P1. 14). In the centre of the quadrangle rises the noble Königslinde. A lofty flight of steps (Pl. 5) by the Wehrhaus, adorned with a statue of the Count Zollern who rebuilt the castle in 1454, leads to the apart- ments of the interior. The Stammbaum-Halle (Pl. 6), containing genealogical trees, coats-of-arms, etc., is first entered. Then the sumptuous *Grafen- Saal (Pl. 7), in the &oinić style, borne by eight columns of red marble, and overladen with gilding and painting. On the right of this saloon is the Kaiserhalle (PI. 8), borne by a central pillar, embellished with eight painted statues of German emperors by the windows; opposite it, on the W. side of the hall, is the Bischofshalle (Pl. 9), with two statues and 28 medallion portraits of prelates of the house of Zollern. Adjoining the Grafensaal on the W. is the Library (Pl. 10), a low apartment with carved bookcases and *Frescoes by Peters illustrative of the history of the castle. From the library we proceed to the right to the Markgrafenthurm (Pl. 14), which contains the sitting-room and bedroom of the emperor, while to the left are the apartments of the empress (Pl. 12) in the Michaelsthººm. The Roman Catholic Church of St. Michael is the only part of the earlier structure now in existence. It contains some interesting stained glass from the monastery of Stetten. - Another attraction is the very extensive view from the balcony out- side the Bischofshalle. It embraces the green hills of Swabia, ; W. the towns of Balingen and Rottweil; beyond them the Black Forest, with the Feldberg, its chief mountain; S.W. the Jura ; S. and E., in the immediate vicinity, the wooded slopes of the Alb. — The castellan’s house is on the right side of the tower (fee 1 ºff.). A little farther to the E. rises the Zellerhörnle, a spur of the Alb plateau, 210 ft. higher than the Hohenzollern. A pleasant path leads to the E. along the Trauf, as the crest of the wooded hill is called, in 21/2 hrs. to Starzeln (*Höfle), on the high-road to Gamertingen and (22 M.) Sige, ma???ngeſ?. - .3 º Beyond this point the Zollern long remains in sight. Stations Bisingen and Engstlatt. Then (26 M.) Balingen (Schwan; Roller), a manufacturing town on the Eyach, with sulphur-baths. The line now turns to the S.E. and enters the highest part of the Swabian Alb. To the right rise the Schafberg, the Oberhohen- berg, and the bold Lochenstein, once a heathen place of sacrifice. At (29 M.) Frommern begins the hilly part of the railway, the gra- dients varying from 1:60 to 1:45. To the right of (31 M.) Lau- fen an der Eyach are the Grat and Gräblensberg, to the left the rock of Schalksburg. The train passes through a cutting in the rock, with the Thierberg on the right and the Heersberg on the left. Beyond (331/2 M.) Lautlingen the line enters another amphitheatre of hills and soon reaches its highest point (2420 ft.), the watershed between the Rhine and the Danube. It then descends gradually to — 37 M. Ebingen (2360 ft.; Post; Bär), an ancient town, prettily situated among hills, with manufactories of velvet and woollen goods and a busy trade in herbs. The tower on the Schlossfelsen (3250 ft.; good path, 3/4 hr.) commands a superb survey of the Alps from the Zugspitze to the Bernese Oberland. The train descends the winding Schmeiethal and crosses the Prussian frontier. 44 M. Strassberg; on a bold rock to the left is the château of that name. Below Strassberg the valley is wild and impracticable, and present- 44 Route 12. SIGMARINGEN. ed great engineering difficulties (19 bridges and countless cutt- ings). At (43. M.) Kaiseringen is a paper-mill. 45 M. Storzingen. The train passes through several defiles (the ‘Drei Burgen’, ‘Hexen- Küche’, ‘Bettel-Küche"). Beyond (481/2 M.) Oberschmeien the line is carried through another defile and two tunnels, and enters the Valley of the Danube. 50 M. Inzigkofen (Erbprinz; Kreuz), with a beautiful park on the steep and wooded S. bank of the Danube, rendered accessible by flights of steps, and containing several natural grottoes. The Danube flows so slowly here as to resemble a small lake. The walk by Laiz (Inn) to (3/4 hr.) Sigmaringen (see below) is also inter- esting. Sigmaringen now comes in sight. The train runs direct towards the Mühlberg, passes through a cutting, crosses the blue Danube, and reaches — - . 54 M. Sigmaringen (1860 ft.; *Deutsches Haus; *Löwe ; Kron- prinz; Traube), a handsome little town with 4100 inhab., the resi- dence of Prince Hohenzollern, and seat of the Prussian administra- tive authorities, recently embellished with new streets and pro- menades. The handsome SCHLoss, on a rock rising abruptly from the Da- nube, contains a *Museum, chiefly formed by Prince Karl Anton (d. 1885), and surpassing most collections of the kind both in ex- tent and choiceness. It is admirably arranged in the Kunsthalle, a fine Gothic hall, with frescoes by Müller of Düsseldorf, and in two cabinets. Excellent catalogues by Hofrath Lehner. The Mu- seum is open daily (festivals excepted) from 10 to 12 and 2 to 4; admission 40 pf. The CoELECTION of PICTUREs (210 works) chieſly, illustrates the early German school, the Swabian masters being particularly well represented. Nos. *81-86. Wings of a large altar-piece: Annunciation, Nativity, Circum- cision of Christ, Adoration of the Magi, and the Procession to Calvary, by M. Schaffner; *132-139. Scenes from the life of the Virgin, by Barth. Zeitblom; 158-464. Seven scenes from the history of the Virgin, by Hans Schülein (three masters of Ulm, 16th cent.); Altdorfer, Adoration of the Magi; “Amberger (?), Portraits of a man and woman. The Lower Rhenish School, especially that of Cologne, is also numerously represented (e.g. *B. Bruyn, Crucifixion, in appropriate landscape). The best of the early- Flemish works are : *2 and 4. Annunciation, by Gerard David; 29. Vir- gin Mary, with a background of tapestry, and *38. Virgin Mary, in a land- scape, by Rogieſ' van der Weyden (?). — The other sections of the museum contain specimens of mediaeval and Renaissance carved work (statuettes, reliefs, furniture), metal-work, jewelry, textile works, including Gobelins of the 14th and 15th cent., glasses, enamels, and a rich collection of Italian majolica, French porcelain, and Dutch, Rhenish, and Swiss pottery. — In the upper rooms is an extensive Palaeontological Collection (2000 objects). The Library, with its valuable books, incunabula, and MSS., the Armoury, and the other richly furnished rooms of the palace are also worth seeing. - In the Karls-Platz, in front of the old House of the Estates, is a colossal bronze bust of Prince Karl (d. 1853), erected in 1869. BLAUBEUREN. 13. Route. 45 On the Brenzkofer Berg (/2 hr.), on the opposite (N.) bank of the Danube, is the War Monument, in memory of natives of Sigmaringen who fell in the campaigns of 1866 and 1870-71. It represents Germania on a lofty pedestal holding an oak-wreath. The platform commands a charming view of the town and environs, with the distant Alps. At the foot of the hill, 1ſ2 M. to the W., is the Zollerhof, a favourite restaurant, with a garden; and near it stands the pretty Villa Teufel with beautiful grounds (open to visitors). — The Mühlberg (easy path to the summit) is another fine point of view. - The *Walley of the Danube above this point is rocky and picturesque (one-horse carr. to Beuron 8, two-horse 12-14, to Tuttlingen 12 or 20.4%. ; walkers take about 6 hrs. to reach Beuron, thence to Mühlheim 2, and to Tuttlingen 2 hrs. more). The road follows the left bank of the winding river. The (4!/2 M.) influx of the Schmeie (above which, on the right, is the ruin of Alf-Guienstein), to which point the railway from Sigmaringen to Hechingen follows the road, marks the beginning of the more ro- mantic scenery. (Eight tunnels between this and Hausen.) The road passes (1/2 M.) the finely situaded ruin of Dietfurt, on the opposite bank, and the adjoining picturesque village and château of Gutenstein. 3 M. Thiergarten (*Inn), with disused iron - works; 3/4 M. ruin of Falkenstein; 21/4 M. Weidingen; 2/4 M. Hausen, with a lofty ruin near it. 1/2 M. Langen- brunnen; above it the conspicuous old château of Wernwag, the property of Prince Fürstenberg, a splendid point of view (ſine echo; *Inn at the top). On the opposite bank, farther on, is seen the handsome castle of Wildenstein, now used as a forester's house. On the road, 3 M. farther on, is the pretty Chapel of St. Maurus, erected in 1868-71; and close to it, on the left, lies the dairy-farm of St. Maurus im Fels, whence a footpath (3 M. shorter than the road) leads in 1/2 hr. to the Monastery of Reuron (*Gasthof zum Pelikan), on the right bank of the Danube, Sup- pressed in 1876, but reopened in 1887. The handsome church contains fine ceiling-paintings by Wegscheider. A footpath to the left in the neigh- bouring wood leads to the (20 min.) Petershöhle, a spacious grotto entered by wooden steps. – At Beuron the road leaves the Danube and leads by (11/2 M.) Friedingen (diligence to Tuttlingen) and Mühlheim to (101/2 M.) Tuttlingen (rail. stat., see p. 35). — The following walk to Mühlheim is recommended: On the right bank of the Danube, above Beuron, ascend to the left to (1/2 hr.) Schloss Bronnen (key at the forester’s), with a draw- bridge over a moat 75 ft. deep; fine view. Descend thence to the valley, past (20 min.) the ruined Kellenberg, leaving Friedingen on the right, where the river makes a wide bend, and in 20 min. more ascend to the left to the Bergsteige-Inn adjoing the Heilandskapelle; lastly descend, at first through wood, to (3/4 hr.) Mühlheim. From Mühlheim to (4!/2 M.) Tuttlingen, see above. From Sigmaringen to Ulm and Radolfzell, see below. 13. From Ulm to Radolfzell and Constance. RAILWAY from Ulm to (86 M.) Radolfzell in 61/4-71/2 hrs. ; from Radolf- Zell to (12/2 M.) Constance in 1/2-3/4 hr. - Ulm, see p. 27. The line diverges to the left from the Stutt- gart railway (R. 12) within the fortifications, runs to the W. for a short way across a barren upland plain, and at (11/4 M.) Söflingen enters the smiling valley of the Blau. On the left, near (4!/2 M.) Herrlingen, lies Klingenstein, with a château of Hr. won Andlaw. The weather-beaten rock protrudes at various points in fantastic forms from the wooded sides of the valley. On the right the ruined castle of Gerhausen; opposite to it the castle of Ruck. The trai crosses the Blau. - 10 M. Blaubeuren (*Post; Ochs), an old town with 2600 inhab., - 46 Route 13. EHINGEN. From Ulm lying picturesquely in a basin. The *Blautopf, a clear, pale-blue pool, 65 ft. deep, just above the town, is the source of the Blau. The late-Gothic church of the old Benedictine Abbey, now a theo- logical seminary, contains choir-stalls (much injured), carved by Jörg Syrlin the Younger (1493), a richly carved *high-altar, with statues by the same master, and paintings (history of John the Baptist) of the Swabian school. At Blaubeuren is situated one of the chief pumping-stations of the works, carried out under the direction of Hr. von Ehman since 1870, by which the Rauhe Alb is supplied with fresh water, so that on that for- merly barren plateau agriculture and cattle-rearing are now flourishing in- dustries. These immense works extend over an area of 700 sq. M., and supply water to 103 communities ; the water is pumped up through cast- iron pipes from Springs lying nearly 1000 ft. below the level of the plateau, while the sole motive power is afforded by a few small tributary-brooks of the Neckar and the Danube. There is another pumping-station at Geis- lingen (p. 27), which may be conveniently visited by tourists. The line leads through the valley of the Ach to (14 M.) Schelk- lingen, with a ruined castle, and enters the Schmiechenthal. 17 M. Allmendingen; 204/2 M. Ehingen (Württemberger Hof, at the sta- tion ; Kreux; Kronpring; Traube), an old town with 4100 inhab., near the confluence of the Schmiechen and the Danube. The Church of St. Blasius, in a debased style, has an old Gothic tower. The line traverses the broad valley of the winding Danube. 23 M. Dettingen; 251/2 M. Rottenacker; 28 M. Munderkingen, an ancient little town encircled by the river, 30 M. Untermarchthal. Farther on are the imposing buildings of the old monastery of Ober- marchthal, the property of the Prince of Thurn and Taxis. 32 M. Rechtenstein, with the ruined castle of the Steins of Rechtenstein, is the prettiest point on the railway. The train crosses to the right bank of the Danube, and recrosses the river both before and beyond stat. Zwiefaltendorf. 381/2 M. Unlingen; to the left rises the Bussen (see below). 40 M. Riedlingen (Post), an old town on the left bank of the Danube, 3/4 M. from the railway. - Pleasant excursion (2 hrs. ; carriage-road) hence to the top of the *Bussen (2484 ft.), an isolated hill rising from the upper Swabian plain, and commanding a view of the whole of Upper Swabia and of the Alps. On the hill is a pilgrimage-church, at its base the Federsee. 44 M. Ertingen, with a castle of the Prince of Thurn and Taxis. 47 M. Herbertingen. FROM HERBERTINGEN To MEMMINGEN, 62 M. (rail in 3/4-4 hrs.). Stations: 51/2 M. Saulgau, a little town with an interesting Gothic Church ; 8 M. Hochberg; 12 M. Altshausen (to Pfullingen and Schwalkenreute, see below) ; 15 M. Steinenbach; 171/2 Aulendorf (p. 29), junction of the Ulm-Friedrichs- hafen line; 23 M. Waldsee, prettily situated between two lakes, with a Schloss and a 15th cent. Gothic church; 28 M. Rossberg; 32 M. Wolfegg, with the Schloss of Prince Waldburg-Wolfegg; 36!/2 M. Kisleg (branch- line to Wangen); 43 M. Leutkirch, a busy town with 2900 inhab. [Branch- line hence to (10 M.) Isny, capital of a Wurtemberg district of that name, prettily situated on the Argen. A fine carved altar in the Prot. church of St. Nicholas.] Pretty scenery, but unimportant stations: Unterzeit, Aich- stetten, Marstetten-Airach, Mooshausen, Tannheim; 591/2 M. Buſcheim, once a Carthusian monastery, now the château of Count Waldbott-Bassenheim ; 62 M. Memmingen, see p. 29. - Norden. KONSTANZºgºſ º' 1:12.300 % º •rº- l, Conciliumssaal, ca 2 §e 2. Haus Z.Juohen.Hafen B.4 Kirchen: 10.8ieg es 㺠: \lā Kessenberghaus B3F- % / | ; º £2 % --. Ž/ | Gasthöfe: - |alitsel-Hôtel. . . . . . C.3. is pºſiaſm gº. 6 d. Hecht . . . . . . . . . . . . . C.4. | | |f Badischer Hof. B.5. 3. Krone,. . . . . . . . . . . . C.4. ID - | Wagner &Debes, Leipzig, to Constance. CONSTANCE. 13. Route. 47 51 M. Mengen (Siegerist; Rail. Rest.), on the Ablach. FROM MENGEN To SIGMARINGEN, 6 M. (rail in 24 min.). Near stat. Scheer the train passes through a short tunnel and crosses to the left bank of the Danube. Beyond stat. Sigmaringendorf we recross the river and reach (6 M.) Sigmaringen (see p. 44). - The line follows the Ablachthal. 54 M. Zielfingen. 561/2 M. Krauchenwies (*Goldner Adler), with an old castle, the summer- residence of the Prince of Hohenzollern; interesting erratic boul- ders on the Andelsbach, in the park. (Branch-line to Sigmaringen via Josephslust, 51/2 M., in 24 min.) — 59 M. Göggingen; 61 M. Menningen. - 63 M. Messkirch (Adler; Sonne), a considerable little town, with a château of Prince Fürstenberg. A monument has been erected to Konradin Kreutzer, the composer, born here in 1782. The old church contains an altar-piece by H. Schäufelein (?) and monuments of the 16th cent. (epitaph of Count v. Zimbern by Labenwolf). Traces of a Roman settlement have been found in the old town. — 661/2 M. Sauldorf; 6.9 M. Schwakenreute. FROM SchwAKENREUTE To AULENDoRF, 30 M. (rail in 2-3 hrs.). 7%. M. Aach-Linz; 10 M. Pfullendorf (Schwan; Restaur. in the Rother Ochs), a very ancient town, with an open-work Gothic tower (charming excursion to Heiligenberg, see p. 50; 27/4 hrs. ; diligence 11/2 2/., carriage 12 ºff.). Stations Burgweiler, Ostrach, Hosskirch - Königsegg (1/2 M. to the S.E. is the partly preserved castle of Königsegg), Kreenried, and (25/2 M.) Alts- hausen, junction of the Herbertingen and Aulendorf line (p. 46). At (71 M.) Mühlingen we enter the wooded ravine of the Stockach. 73 M. Zizenhausen; 76 M. Stockach (Krone; Post), pret- tily situated, near which the French under Jourdan were defeated by Archduke Charles in 1799; fine view from the (1/2 hr.) ruin of Nellenburg. Then through smiling green Valleys, by Nemzingen, Wahlwies, and Stahringen, to (86 M.) Radolfzell (*Schiff; Krone), an old town on the Unter-See, with a Gothic church of 1436, where the line unites with the Bâle and Constance railway. The railway from Radolfzell to Constance intersects the neck of land between the Unter-See and the Ueberlinger See (p. 50), and passes stations Markelfingen, Allensbach, and Reichenau. On the island of Reichenau in the Unter-See (visible from the train) are the buildings of a Benedictine abbey, which was suppressed in 1799. The island is joined with the mainland on the E. by a dyke. The train crosses the Rhine by an iron bridge, adorned with statues. 121/2 M. Constance. — Hotels. *INSEL-HôTEL (Pl. a), in the old Do- minican monastery, with garden and view of the lake, R., L. & A. 4, .B. 1/4, D. 3"/2, Pens. 7–10./. ; *HALM (PI. c), opposite the station, R. & A. 2}/2, B. 1, D. 3./. ; *HECHT (Pl. d); *BADIséHER HoF (PI. f); *KRoNE (Pl. g), ANKER, SCHIFF, *FALKE, *BARBARoss A, *BoDAN, *SoHNETZER, second class, moderate charges... — "Restaur. Victoria, *Post-Restaur., both opposite the station; Café Maasimilian, Bahnhof-Str. — Swimming Baths in the lake, well arranged. - At Kreuzlingen (p. 49), 3/4 M. from Constance, *HôTEL-PENSION HELVETIA, 4-5 fr. per day; Löwe. - Constance (1335 ft.), a free town until 1548, but after the Refor- mation subject to Austria, has now only 14,700 inhab. (1400 Prot.), 48 Route 13. CONSTANCE. From Ulm. though it once numbered 40,000. It is situated at the N.W. ex- tremity of the Lake of Constance, or Bodensee, at the point where the Rhine emerges from it. The episcopal see, over which 87 bishops in succession held jurisdiction, was suppressed in 1802, Three years later, at the treaty of Pressburg, Constance was adjudged to Baden. The *CATHEDRAL (Pl. 4; B, 3), founded in 1052, was rebuilt in its present form at the beginning of the 16th century. Gothic tower erected in 1850–57; the perforated spire is of light grey sandstone; On either side is a platform commanding a charming view. On the Doors of the principal portal are *Bas-Reliefs, in 20 compart- ments, representing scenes from the life of Christ, carved in oak by Sim. Haider in 1470. The * Choir Stalls, with grotesque sculptures, are of the same date. The organ-loft, richly ornamented in the Renaissance style, dates from 1680. In the nave (Romanesque), the arches of which are sup- ported by 16 monolithic pillars (30 ft. high, 31/2 ft. thick), sixteen paces from the principal entrance, is a large stone slab, a white spot on which always remains dry, even when the remaining portion is damp. Huss is said to have stood on this spot when the Council of 6th July, 1415, sentenced him to be burnt at the stake. In the N. chapel, adjoining the choir, is a Death of the Virgin, coloured stone figures life-size, 1460. Adjacent is an elegant Spiral staircase. — The Treasury (custodian 1/2-1.4.) contains a mis- Sal embellished with miniatures, 1426. On the E. side is a crypt, contain- ing the Chapel of the Holy Sepulchre, with a representation of the sepulchre in Stone, 20 ft. high, dating from the 13th century. On the exterior of the N. side, two aisles of the “Cloisters still exist, from which an idea of the richness of the architecture may be formed, The WESSENBERG-HAUs (Pl. 15) contains books, pictures, and engravings, bequeathed to the town by the proprietor J. H. V. Wessenberg (d. 1860), who for many years acted as the chief super- intendent of the diocese. The engravings may be inspected daily (9-12 and 2-5), the books on Mon. and Sat. from 2 to 4 and on Sun, from 11 to 12. A number of pictures, bequeathed by the ar- tist, Marie Ellenrieder (d. 1863), are also exhibited here. The CHURCH of ST, STEPHEN (PI, 6; B, 4), a late-Gothic building of the 15th cent, near the cathedral, with slender tower, contains some interesting wood-carving and sculptures, but the exterior has been disfigured by modern restoration. The Wessenberg-Strasse leads hence to the S. to the Obere Markt, at the corner of which stands the house “Zum Hohen Hafen’ (Pl. 2), where Frederick VI., Burgrave of Nuremberg, was created Elector of Brandenburg by Emp. Sigismund, 18th April, 1447. Adjacent to it is an ancient building with arcades (now the Hôt. Barbarossa), styled by an inscription “Curia Pacis', in which Emp. Frederick I. concluded peace with the Lombard towns in 1183. — A little to the W. is the new Protestant Church (Pl. 5; A, 4). The STADT-KANZLEI, or Town Hall (PI. 12), erected in the Re- naissance style in 1593, has been recently decorated on the exterior with frescoes illustrative of the history of Constance. The apart- ments of the ground-floor contain the valuable Municipal Archives, comprising 2800 documents, the most interesting of which date to Constance. CONSTANCE, 13. Route. 49 from the period of the Reformation. Fine inner court. Part of the interesting collection of stained glass formed by M. Vincent is now exhibited in the shop of Sartori, the bookseller, opposite the town-hall. — In the Rosgarten (Pl. 8), formerly the guild-house of the butchers, is the *Rosgarten Museum, a rich and well-arranged collection of antiquities relating to Constance (from lake-dwellings, etc.) and of objects of natural history (adm. 40 pf.). — In the market-place is a War Monument (figure of Victory), by Bauer. The KAUFHAUs, or Merchants' Hall (Pl. 1), by the lake, erected in 1388, contains the great Council Chamber, supported by massive oaken pillars, where the conclave of cardinals met at the time of the Great Council (1414–18). The hall was restored in 1866 and decorated with frescoes illustrative of the history of the town, by Pecht and Schwörer (adm. 20 pf.). The upper floor contains a collection of Indian and Chinese curiosities (40 pf.). The ancient Dominican Monastery, in which Huss was confined, situated on an island in the lake, near the town, has been in part converted into a hotel (Insel-Hôtel, see p. 47). The well-preserved Romanesque cloisters, and the adjoining refectory with its graceful Vaulting, repay inspection. The house in which Huss was arrested, the second to the right of the Schnetzthor, bears a memorial-tablet with his effigy, put up in 1878. Adjoining it is an old relief, dated 1415, with satirical verses. In the suburb of Brühl to the W. of the town, 1/2 M. beyond the Protestant Church (p. 48), is the spot where Huss and Jerome of Prague suffered martyrdom, indicated by a huge mass of rock with inscriptions. The new grounds of the Stadtgarten on the lake, between the harbour and the Dominican island, afford a pleasant walk and a charming view of the lake and mountains. A bust of the Emp. William I. has been placed here. The abbey of Kreuzlingen, on Swiss territory, 3/4 M. beyond the S. gate, is now a school. The church contains a curious piece of wood-carving, with about 1000 small figures, executed last century. A fine view of the lake and of the Vorarlberg and Appenzell Alps is obtained from the “Allmannshöhe (3/4 hr.), with belvedere, situated 5 min. above the village of Allmannsdorf, on the road to the Mainau. — Among Other pleasant objects for a walk may be mentioned the Loretto-Kapelle (*/2 hr.); the Jacob, a restaurant with a fine view (1/2 hr.); and the Aleine Rigi, above Kreuzlingen (3/4 hr.). In the N.W. arm of the Lake of Constance (Ueberlinger See), 31/2 M. from Constance, is situated the beautiful island of *Mainau, formerly the seat of a lodge of the Teutonic Order, as a cross on the S. side of the château indicates. It is 41/2 M. in circumference, and is connected with the mainland by a bridge 650 paces in length. Since 1853 it has been the pro- perty of the Grand Duke of Baden, and is now entirely covered with plea- Sure grounds. Steamboat from Constance in 55 min. ; rowing-boat (in 1 hr., a pleasant trip) 5./. and gratuity; carriage and pair 8./. ; pedes- trians take a shorter route, leading partly through woods. On the N. bank of the lake, opposite Mainau (steamboat in 40 min.), lies Meersburg (1463 ft. ; *Seehof, near the quay, well-arranged lake-baths BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. 4 50 Route 13. HEILIGENBERG. in the neighbourhood; Schiff’; Wilder Mann, both on the lake; Löwe), a pleasant little town, offering good and inexpensive Summer-quarters. It is commanded by an ancient castle, long an episcopal residence and now con- taining an extensive collection of mediaeval antiquities (adm. on week- days 8-12 and 2-6, Sun. 2-6; tickets, 1.4., obtained from the castellan). The churchyard contains the tomb of the celebrated Mesmer (d. 1815), the discoverer of mesmerism. The wines of Meersburg are the best on the lake. From Meersburg the steamer plies in 3/4 hr. more to Ueberlingen (*Bad-ſiótel, with shady garden, pension 5 J%. ; Krone, unpretending, mod- erate; Löwe), an ancient place, once a town of the Empire, containing several mediaeval buildings. The *Rathhaus is a richly-decorated Gothic structure. The hall with its carved wood-work is an object of great in- terest. The 39 statuettes on the walls, representing the various elements of the German Empire (3 spiritual and 4 temporal Electors, 4 Margraves of the Empire, Landgraves, Counts, Barons, Knights, Burghers, and Pea- Sants), date from the beginning of the 15th century. Opposite to them are portraits of the Emperors, beginning with Rudolf II. — The adjacent Münster, of the 14th cent., with double aisles, contains an altar with fine wood-carving of the 17th century. The Stadi-Kanzlei or Town Hall, in the Münster-Platz, has a fine doorway, of the end of the 16th century. The Steinhaus Museum contains a Historical Collection and a Cabinet of Natural History. Fine views of the lake from various points. The Appenzell Mts. are visible hence; also , to the S.E., the summits of the IRaeticon Moun- tains. About 4!/2 M. to the N. of Ueberlingen are the Heidenlöcher, men- tioned in Scheffel's novel “Ekkehard'; below is Bodmann, with a view- tower. A pleasant excursion may be taken from Ueberlingen or Meersburg to Heiligenberg. A diligence plies twice daily in 33/4 hrs. from Meersburg to Heiligenberg, vià Salem; carriage and pair, there and back 18 J/., from Ueberlingen 12 A. It is best to proceed direct from Ueberlingen to Hei- ligenberg, visiting Salem on the return journey. Heiligenberg (“Adler, pension 5 J/. ; Winter's Brewery, pension 4-4!/2./.), an insignificant place, with the extensive château and park of Prince Fürstenberg, lies pictur- esquely on a rocky terrace 1000 ft. above the Lake of Constance. The châ- teau contains a magnificent Renaissance hall, 111 ft. long and 40 ft. broad, with a beautifully-carved wooden “Ceiling (16th cent.), probably the finest in Germany. The “Chapel (restored) is also noteworthy. The *View from the château is strikingly beautiful: it embraces the Lake of Constance, the Vorarlberg Mts. and the Swiss Alps, from the Hochvogel to the Jung- frau; still better from the “Sieben Linden' (seven lime-trees), 3/4 M. from the village. — The same view is enjoyed from several parts of the flower- garden, on the left of the road to the castle; also from the *Freundschafts- Höhlen, a number of grottoes, 1/4 hr. to the N.W. of the inn. — From Heiligenberg to Pfullendorf, see p. 47. At the S.W. foot of Heiligenberg, 91/2 M. from Ueberlingen, lies the suppressed Cistercian convent of Salem, now partly occupied by the Mar- grave William, with large halls (the finest of which is the ‘Kaiser-Saal') in the rococo style, a collection of paintings, etc. The Gothic church of the 14th cent. is lavishly adorned within with sculptures in marble (23 altars), dating from the late-Renaissance period; fine late-Gothic ciborium. Railway from Constance to Schaffhausen and Bâle, see Baedeker's Rhine, or Baedeker’s Switzerland, BAWARIA. 14. From Frankfort to Nuremberg by wirzburg. 145 M. RAILwax in 6-11 hrs. — Trains for Hanau start from the Central Station, on the left bank of the Main, as well as from the E., or Hanau Station, outside the Allerheiligen-Thor, 3/4 M. from the Zeil. Frankfort, see Baedeker's Rhine. Soon after leaving the E. Station, we pass Bornheim on the left; Offenbach (see below) lies to the right, on the opposite bank of the Main. 3 M. Mainkwr; 6 M. Hochstadt-Dôrnigheim; 9 M. Wilhelmsbad, with pleasant promenades: all resorts of the Frankforters. On the Main, 1/2 M. to the S., is Philippsruhe, the seat of Landgrave Ernest of Hessen, with extensive orangeries. Near (10 M.) Hanau the train crosses the Kinzig. FROM FRANKFORT CENTRAL STATION TO HANAU, 13 M. (rail in 1/2-3/4 hr.). The train crosses the Main below Frankfort. 2 M. Sachsenhausen, a sub- urb of Frankfort; 3 M. Oberºad. 5 M. Offenbach (Stadt Kassel), a manu- facturing town with 35,154 inhab., founded by French refugees at the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th century. Its fancy-goods rival those of Paris, Vienna, and Berlin. There are also important engine-factories, foundries, etc. The town is commanded by the castle of Isenburg, built in the Renaissance style in 1564-72. – 9 M. Mühlheim; to the left, on the Main, is the village of Rumpenheim, with a château of the Landgrave of Hessen, 12/2 M. Klein-Steinheim. The train then crosses the Main, and enters the E. Station of Hanaº. - Hanau (*Adler; *Riese; Post), a pleasant town, in the fertile Wetterau, with 25,000 inhabs., has two railway-stations, East and West, 11/4 M. apart. The modern part of the town owes its origin to Flemish and Walloon Protestants, who were banished from the Netherlands in 1597 on account of their creed. Their handicrafts, such as weaving, diamond-cutting, and the manufacture of gold and silver trinkets, still flourish. In the Parade-Platz is the house (marked by a marble tablet; now the police-office) in which the brothers Jacob (1785-1863) and Wilhelm Grimm (1786–1859) were born. Near Hanau, on 30th and 31st Oct. 1843, Napoleon with 80,000 men who had retreated from Leipsic defeated Marshal Wrede with 40,000 Ba- varians, Austrians, and Russians. The battle took place near the Lamboi- wald, on the Leipsic road, beyond the Kinzig. A small stone in the wall of the Kinzig bridge bears the name of Wrede, who was wounded there. From Hanau to Eberbach and Stuttgart, see R. 4 ; to Fulda and Bebra (for Leipsic and Berlin), see Baedeker’s W. Germany. The country between Hanau and Aschaffenburg is uninterest- ing. To the left rises the Hahnenkamm (p. 52). To the right Steinheim, a small town on the Main, with a conspicuous castle with five towers. 121/2 M. Gross-Awheim. Just beyond it, to the right, lies Gross-Krotzenburg, on the site of a Roman camp, with remains of the Roman ramparts. 151/2 M. Kahl (Krone; Lambertus). 4% 52 Route 14. ASCHAFFENBURG. From Frankfort From Kahl we may visit the Kahlgrund, a pretty, wooded valley, the most populous in the Spessart. The road leads E. to (8 M.) Alzenau (Post; Bayr. Hof, with brewery), with a Schloss now occupied by the district court, and a ruined chapel belonging to it. Ascent of the Lud- wigsthurm on the Hahnenkamm, a fine point of view, 3/4 hr. (Diligence twice daily to Dettingen, see below.) Then to Kålberau (Grüner Baum; Frische Quelle), Michelbach, where wine is produced, Steinbach, and (10 M.) Mömbris (Karpfen ; Kempf), where we cross the stream. 12 M. Schimborn (Rosenberger), whence the road coming from Aschaffenburg leads E. by Kaltenberg, Erlenbach, past the Klosterberg (1260 ft.; ſine view), by Klein- blankenbach and Ernstkirchen to (151/2 M.) Schöllkrippen (Fleckenstein; Steigerwald; Mähler), whence we may visit the forester's house on the ‘Engländer’ (1640 ft. ; refreshm. on Sun. and Thurs.). — From Schöllkrippen to Aschaffenburg (see below) omnibus at 4 a.m., in 3 hrs. ; to Gelnhausen at 4 p.m., in 2/2 hrs. 181/2 M. Dettingen, where the British, Hanoverian, Austrian, and Hessian troops, commanded by George II. of England, defeated the French, 27th July, 1743: the first decisive success of Austria in the War of Succession. - 251/2 M. Aschaffenburg (see Plan, p. 56; *Adler, R. & B. 3.4. ; *Goldnes Fass; Freihof'; Georgi, Eisenbahn-Hôtel, both at the station; *Rest. Weiss at the Riese; beer at the Adler and the Kalte Loch), with 48,275 inhab., was for centuries the summer – residence of the Electors of Mayence, but since 1814 has belonged to Bavaria. The extensive Schloss, with its four lofty towers (191 ft.), erected 1605–14, contains a library (open Tues, and Thurs, 11–12) with valuable ‘Incunabula' (e. g. Guttenberg's forty-two-line Bible) and books of the Gospels with admirable miniatures (the finest by Glockenton, an artist of Nuremberg, 1524); also a collection of 20,000 engravings and a *Gallery of Pictures (382 in number), of which we enumerate a few of the most valuable : — - No. 37. Sal. v. Ruysdael, River-scene; 55. A. Elsheimer, Christ on the way to Emmaus; 55. Itembrandt, Ecce Homo ; 425. A. v. Ostade, Cottage interior (1639): 432. W. Berchem, Sunny landscape; 142. A. van der Weer, Evening landscape; 149. P. de Bloot, Peasants in a village-Street; 160. D. Verburgh, Large landscape; 176. H. Saftleven. Large mountain land- scape (1651); 218, 225. Corn. de Heem, Fruit and flower-pieces; 220. R. Cuyp, Cavaliers with landscape (ſinest specimen of this master in Germany); 248, 251. C. de Vos, Man and his wife; 256. J. van Goyen, Large river- scene (1646). The Romanesque *Stiftskirche (Pl. 44; abbey-church), founded in 980, but frequently altered, has cloisters of the 12th cent. The INTERIOR has been skilfully restored since 1881. In the right aisle is a *Monument in bronze, with a gilded Sarcophagus said to contain the relics of St. Margaret, dating from 1540. In the choir is the monument of Albert of Brandenburg, Elector of Mayence, cast in 1525 during his life- time, by P. Vischer, and opposite to it a Madonna in bronze by Joh. Vischer. To the right of the principal entrance is a large monument in alabaster of the last Elector, Frederick Charles Joseph (d. 1802). The church also possesses three valuable paintings by M., Grünewald, who lived for some time at Aschaffenburg (Resurrection, Pietà, and St. Valentinian, belonging to the altar-piece in the Pinakothek at Munich). . The old abbey-buildings now contain the Municipal Collections (open Sun. 10-12; at other times on application to Hr. Broili, the director): Roman antiquities found at Aschaffenburg (votive tablets, to Nuremberg. MILTENBERG. 14. Route. 53 altars, vases, bronzes), prehistoric relics of the stone age, minerals, reminiscences of the electoral period, etc. The Church of St. Agatha (P1, 10; B, 2), to the N.E. of the Schloss, built in the Transition style in 1115 and of late judiciously restored, contains many ancient tombstones. To the W. of the church, on the lofty bank of the Main beyond the Schlossgarten, stands the *Pompeianum (PI. A., 2), a villa erected by King Ludwig I. in 1824-49 in imitation of the ‘House of Castor and Pollux' at Pompeii, and adorned with mural paintings. A mosaic on the wall of the summer dining-room was presented by Pope Gregory XVI. View from the platform (50 pf.). Pleasant walk through the Schönthal (Pl. D, 3) and the (1/4 hr.) Fasanerie to the Schmerlenbacher Wald. — On the left bank of the Main, 2 M. to the W., where the river is crossed by a bridge constructed in 1430, is the Schöne Busch (comp. the Plan), a royal park with a château, orangery, and inn. — Another pleasant walk is by (4!/2. M.) Johannesberg with its new belved cre to the Ludwigsthurm on the Hahnenkamm (p. 52). Then down by Alzenaº (p. 52) and Hörstein (Post; Kern), noted for its wine, to Dettingen (p. 52). FROM ASCHAFFENBURG. To MAYENCE, 46/2 M. (direct rail in 11/2-31/2 hrs.). The through-trains from Mayonce (and Cologne) to Munich and Vienna. travel over this line. 9 M. Babenhausen is the junction for Hanau and Eberbach (p. 20). 26 M. Darmstadt, and 461/2 M. Mayence, see Baedeker's Rhime. - FROM ASCIIAFFENBURG. To AMORBACII, 28 M. (rail in 13/4-2 hrs.). Soon after quitting the station the line sweeps round towards the S., passing the Fasanerie (see above) on the leſt, and follows the right bank of the Main, rich in vines and fruit-trees. 4M. Obernau; 5!/2 M. Sulzbach, 3/2 M. to the E. of which, in the Sulzbachthal, lie the picturesque baths of Soden- thal, with Springs containing salt and bromine; 9 M. Kleinwallstadt; 11 M. Obernburg (Kunig), opposite which, on the other side of the river, is the little town of that name, with a busy trade in timber and wine. At (15 M.) Wörth, a small town with an old château, the train crosses the Main. 16 M. Klingenberg (Hirsch; Krone); the small town, noted for its excellent red wine and its fire-proof clay, lies on the opposite bank. 18/2 M. Lauden- bach. 20/2 M. Kleinheubach (Adler), with Schloss and park of Prince Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg (chapel with *Frescoes by E. Steinle). On the opposite bank lies Grossheubach, a little to the S.E. of which is the Franciscan monastery of Engelsberg, with a pilgrimage-church (view), where Dom Miguel of Braganza (d. 1866), pretender to the throne of Portugal, is buried. In a wood near this ({}/2 M. from the village) are the so-called Hain- or Heunen-Säulen, twelve huge columns of sandstone, remains of an ancient quarry of the Roman period, which seems to have been suddenly abandoned. 22/2 M. Miltenberg (Engel; Riese), a thriving little town of 3700 in- hab., in a charming situation, stretches for a considerable distance between the river and the wooded height on its bank. Its quarries of variegated sandstone were known in the time of the Romans. The Old Schloss of the Electors of Mayence, built in the 15th cent. and destroyed in 1552, contains Hr. Conrady’s valuable collection of antiquities and objects of art (admission free). The Municipal Collection of Antiquities is in the old hospital. Several interesting timber-built houses. – Then Weilbach and (28 M.) Amorbach (*Badischer Hof; Post), a small town with 2500 inhab. and mineral baths, seat of the Prince of Leiningen, whose handsome château of Wald-Leiningen is in the vicinity. Famous organ in the Prot. church (18th cent.). FROM MILTENBERG To WERTHEIM, 18 M. (diligence twice daily in 31/2 hrs.). The picturesque road, which will repay even walkers, runs on the left bank of the Main through the fertile and well-wooded valley, dotted 54 Route 14. WERTHEIM. From Frankfort here and there with ruined castles, by Bürgstadt (near which, on the Wannenberg, are an ancient Germanic rampart and a deserted Roman quarry) to (5 M.) Freudenberg (Rose), a picturesque little place, with the ruins of a castle of the 12th cent. destroyed in the Thirty Years' War. Farther on, to the left, are the extensive quarries of Reistenhausen; then Fechenbach with the ruined Kollenberg, Dorfprozelten, and Stadtprozelten (*Post; Adler), with a castle of the now extinct Schenks of Klingenberg, destroyed by the French in 1688. Thence by Mondfeld and Grünenwörth to Wertheim (see below). - - The line passes a monument (r.) to the Austrians who fell in 1866, and ascends by (30 M.) Hösbach and (32 M.) Laufach to the long tunnel of (361/2 M.) Heigenbrücken (Fleckenstein's Inn, at the station). Above Jacobsthal, to the N., is the Steiglºoppe (1650 ft.), with a scaffolding which affords a fine view. The line here enters the higher regions of the Spessart (see below), winds through se- questered wooded and grassy dales, and runs across numerous brid- ges and through many cuttings in the red sandstone. Beyond (45M.) Partenstein (to the Hermannskoppe, 21/2 hrs.) the line descends into the Lohrthal, and at (4.9 M.) Lohr (*Post; Hirsch; Krone; Röder), an industrial little town, prettily situated, reaches the Main, which it follows till Würzburg is reached. The Rathhaus and the Parish Church of Lohr are interesting. FROM LoIIR To WERTHEIM, 23 M. (railway in 2 hrs.). The train ascends the pleasant valley of the Main, following the right bank of the winding river. 1 M. Stadt Lohr (see abore); 21/2 M. Rodenbach; 5/2 M. Neustadt am Main, with a well-restored church and the extensive ruins of an old Benedictine monastery burned down in 1857. 9/2 M, Rothenfels (Anker, good wine), with large quarries and a château of Prince Löwenstein- Wertheim-Rosenberg. 11 M. Hafenlohr; 121/2 M. Marktheidenfeld (*Post), with a handsome bridge over the Main. Nearing (16 M.) Thrennfeld, we observe on the right “Schloss Triefenstein, once an Augustinian provostry, now the seat of Prince Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg, very hand- somely fitted up (tapestry, collection of arms); beautiful park and charm- ing view. 21 M. Kreuzwertheim. – 23 M. Wertheim (*Badischer Hof, in the town ; *Held, on the Main , with garden and fine view ; Löwensteiner IIof, Löwe, Ochs, unpretending), an old town with 4700 inhab., the resi- dence of Prince Löwenstein-Wertheim-Freudenberg, is prettily situated at the influx of the Tauber into the Main, at the foot of a wooded hill, crowned by the extensive and partially preserved ruins of a castle destroyed in the Thirty Years' War. Several quaint houses of the 16th century. The situation of the town, with the imposing red sandstone ruin above it, somewhat resembles that of Heidelberg. The church contains fine monu- ments of Counts Joh. and Mich. v. Wertheim (15th and 16th cent.). - The S. part of the Spessart, the finest and most extensive forest- district in Germany, noted for its gigantic oaks and beeches, and its game, is washed on three sides by the Main, and on the N. is bounded by the valleys of the Aschaff and the Lohr, through which the railway from Aschaffenburg to Lohr runs. Almost in the centre of this district rises the Geyersberg (1920 ft.), from which long hills radiate to the W., S., and E., on the crests of which we may walk in the delicious leafy shade for hours at a time (as in the Vosges Mts.). On the W. slope of the Geyersberg lies Rohrbrunn (1520 ft.), consisting of two forester’s houses and a rustic *Inn, 31/2 hrs. from Stadtprozelten (see above) and as far from Marktheidenfeld (See above), a good centre for exploring the Spessart. To the S. (20 min.) is the Annahöhe or Hohe Warte (1240 ft.), a forester’s house, whence we sur- vey the vast leafy ocean. We may also visit a venerable oak, 1000 years old, 1/4 hr. to the W. of Rohrbrunn. To the E. a beautiful forest-path . leads past the (3/4 hr.) forester's house of Jägerverein to (1 hr.) Lichtenau to Nuremberg. GEMüNDEN, 14. Route. 55 (*Inn), prettily situated in the wooded valley of the Hafenlohr. Thence we either descend the valley to (31/2 hrs.) Hafenlohr (See above), or go to the N. through fine timber across the Schwarze Riicken to Rechtenbach and (31/2 hrs.) Lohr (p. 54). — A road leads from Rohrbrunn to the S.W. past the forester's house of Diana and through the Dammbachthal to (11/2 hr.) Arausenbach (Inn), whence we ascend to the left (guide advisable) to the (1/2 M.) Gaishöhe (1705 ft.), on which a view-tower has recently been built. We descend past the ruined Wildenstein to (11/4 hr.) Eschau (670 ft.; *Krone), whence a carriage-road ascends the Elsawa Thal to Hobbach (Villa. Elsawa of Dr. Websarg, pension 3-7 MA.) and Mespelbrunn (see below), and descends to (41/2 M.) Obernburg (p. 53). — Charmingly situated, 13/4 hr. to the N. of Rohrbrunn (guide advisable), lies MeSpelbrunn, the ancestral castle of the founder of Würzburg University (p. 59; refreshments in the forester's house, to the left). From this point a pleasant route (guide-posts) leads by Neudorf and the Hohe Warte (see above) to (2 hrs.) Bad Sodenthal and (11/4 hr.) Sulzbach (p. 53). 541/2 M. Langenprozelten. Near (58 M.) Gemünden (Diemer; Rail. Rest.) we cross the Fränkische Saale, which here falls into the Main. The little town lies picturesquely on the slopes of the Spessart and Rhön, commanded by the ruins of Schorenberg, which was destroyed in 1243. FROM GEMüNDEN To ELM, 28/2 M. (rail in 11/4-23/4 hrs.). The line runs through the pleasant Sinnthal. Stations Rineck, Burgsinn, Mittelsinn, Jossa (to Brückenau, see p. 76), Sterbfritz, Vollmerz (near it, to the E., the ruins of the Steckelburg, once the seat of Ulrich von Hutten); then Elm, a Station on the Bebra-Hanau Railway (see Baedeker's Worthern Germany). FROM GEMüNDEN To HAMMELBURG (171/2 M.), railway in '11/4 hr. through the pretty Saalethal. Stations: Schönau, with a convent on the hill to the right; Wolfsmünster, Gräfendorf, Michelaubrück, Morlesau, Die- bach ; Hammelburg (*Post; *Schwarzer Adler), an ancient town, pictur- esquely situated on the right bank of the Saale, presented by Charlemagne to the abbey of Fulda, and almost entirely burnt down in 1854. On the opposite bank, on a vine-clad hill, rises Schloss Saaleck. — From Hammel- burg to Kissingen, 12/2 M., diligence thrice daily in 3 hrs., vià Fuchsstadt and Euerdorf, passing the well-preserved ruin of Trimberg. FROM GEMüNDEN TO SCHWEINFURT (Kissingen), 31/2 M., railway (We:nthal Bahn) in 13/4 hr. — Beyond (2 M.) Wernfeld (see below) the line turns to the left into the fertile and smiling Wernthal, running now on one side of the stream, now on the other. 4 M. Gössenheim, 2/2 M. to the N. of which is the ruined castle of Homburg ; 71/2 M. Eussenheim ; 11 M. Thingen, with a château; 15 M. Müdesheim; 171/2 M. Arnstein, a small town with an old château; 21 M. Mühlhausen. The line quits the Wernthal, passing Schloss Werneck (p. 72) on the N.E., and at (25 M.) Weigolshausen joins the rail- way from Würzburg to (311/2 M.) Oberndorf-Schweinfurt (p. 72). The valley of the Main expands. 591/2 M. Wernfeld (see above). 66 M. Karlstadt, once the fortified frontier-town of the episcopal see of Würzburg, and still surrounded with walls and towers, is said to have been founded by Charles Martel, and extended by Charle- magne. Professor Bodenstein, the instigator of the Puritanical iconoclasm, was born here, and has thence been surnamed “Rarl- stadt'. On the opposite hill the ruined Karlsburg. At Laudenbach, on the left bank of the Main, is a château of Prince Wertheim, destroyed during the War of the Peasants. 71 M. Retzbach; 73 M. Thingersheim; 77 M. Veitshöchheim, with a royal château and park; 78!/2 M. Zell. Opposite the vine-clad Steinberg lies the old monastery of Oberzell, now a manufactory. 56 Route 14, wirzBURG. From Frankfort 81 M. Würzburg. — Hotels. *RUSSIscHER HoF (PI. a 3 C, 2), Untere Theater-Str., near the station, R. 2, B. 1, L. & A, 1.4. ; *KRONPRINZ voN BAYERN (PI. b : D, 2), Residenz-Platz; *SCHWAN (Pl. c.; B, 3), Büttnersgasse, with view of the river, R. & A. 21/2 ...A. — “HôTEL RöGMER (Pl. d: C, 2), by the theatre and post-office; *WüRTTEMBERGER HOF (Pl. e5 C, 2), in the Markt, R., L. & A. 2.4. 80 pf., D. 21/2 .4., commercial; *HôTEL BRAUSER, *HôTEL NATIONAL (with café, moderate), HöTEL ZÄNGLEIN, these three at the station; FRÄNKISCHER HOF (Pl. f : C, 2), Spiegelgasse; ADLER (Pl. g; B, 2), Marktgasse; WITTELSBACHER HOF (PI. h; B, 2), in the Markt; LANDSBERG (PI. i : C, 2), Semmel-Str. — PENSION HEFFNER, Petersplatz 4, R. 1-2, pension 3-4 MZ., well spoken of. : Restaurants. * Alhambra, in the Moorish style; Haderlein, Dominikaner- Platz, with garden; Goldene Traube, Julius–Promenade; Bäuerlein, Alte Brücke ; Brauser, opposite the theatre; Malteser Ritler, Bronnbachergasse 39; wine-rooms in the Juliusspital, Julius promenade, and the Bürgen’spital (PI. C., 2), Semmels-Str., at the corner of the Obere Theater-Str., closed at 5 p.m.; Wend, Domerpfarrgasse, wine-room, preserved meats, etc., closed at 8 p. m. — BEER. Platz’sche, Garten, to the right, outside the Rennweger Thor (PI. E., 3), concerts several times weekly ; Letzter Hieb, a garden- restaurant about 3/4 M. farther on, with fine view ; Hutten’scher Garten, outside the Sander-Thor (P1. F, 3), etc. — Schnitzar's Café, Kürschnerhof. Cabs. From the station to the town : 1-2 pers. 60, 3-4 pers. 80 pf. — By time: 1/4 hr. 1-2 pers. 40, 3-4 pers. 50 pf.; each additional 1/4 hr. 30 or 40 pf. ; from 10 p.m. to 6 a. m. double fares. River Baths. Spengler, Burkarder-Str. ; Wellenbad, by the quay below the old bridge; *Tivoli, in the Main Suburb, with garden and restaurant. Warm Baths: Dº". Wirsing, Strohgasse. Würzburg (560 ft.; 60,844 inhab., 40,000 Prot.), the ancient capital of an episcopal principality, and now that of the Bavarian province of Unterfranken or Lower Franconia, is charmingly situ- ated in the vine-clad valley of the Main. The inner and older part of the town, of which churches and ecclesiastical buildings form the chief feature, is encircled with well-kept promenades, nearly 3 M. in length, while the modern quarters, including the new uni- versity buildings, present a bright and handsome appearance. Würzburg is one of the most venerable cities in Germany, having been the seat of a bishop since 741, when Burkardus, the first bishop, was consecrated by St. Boniface. The bishops soon attained to great wealth and power, and were created dukes of Françonia in 1120, a dig- nity confirmed to them by Emp. Frederick I. in 1168. Down to 1803, when Würzburg was incorporated with Bavaria, the principality was governed by an unbroken line of these bishop - princes, whose sway in the 17th and 18th cent. often included the see of Bamberg also. From 1805 to 1813 Würzburg was the capital of a grand-duchy of the Rhenish Confederation. The fortifications were removed in 1869-74. The extensive royal, formerly episcopal *PALACE (PI. D, 2, 3), one of the grandest and most effective of 18th cent. edifices of the kind, was erected in 1720-44 in the rococo style from Newmann's designs. It is 550 ft. long, 290 ft. deep, and 70 ft. high, and con- tains 7 courts, 283 rooms, a chapel, and a theatre. The principal STAIRCASE, in the central structure, to the left, is very imposing; its lofty ceiling is adorned with a fresco by G. B. Tiepolo of Venice, representing Olympus and the four quarters of the globe. The ceiling-painting in the large KAISERSAAL, depicting the marriage of Emp. Frederick I. and Beatrice of Burgundy, which took place at Würzburg in 1156, is also by Tiepolo. The SchlossKIRCHE, which contains two altar-pieces by Tiepolo, is sumptuously enriched with marble and bronze. — The PICTURE GALLERY is particularly rich in still-life pieces by G. B. "Aschaffenburg. . 1:18.000 4–%-49–= *= $g"Meter. Rál Kirchen: c --~ ------- §， tº: BU : 22.500 ！oſo Meter- F †jīāpīāīāī º Wagner & Debes Leipzig. to Nuremberg. WüRZBURG, 14. Route. 57 Weenia, J. van Streeck, Elias Vonck, B. van der Meer, C. Luyks, A. van Utrecht, etc. Among other works observe: *W. Berchem, Juno and Argus (an early work); *M. Stoop, Robbers in a cottage; H. van Balen, Holy Family (life-size); *J. Livens, Mourning for Christ; J. Verkolje, Party on the harbour. — The huge CELLARS, probably the largest in Germany, con- tain 200 casks of excellent Franconian wine produced by the royal vine- yards. – The palace is shown daily at 11 and 3, on Sundays and holi- days at 9, 10, 1, 2 and 3 o'clock. Visitors ring for the castellan in the back-court of the left wing. Adjacent is the office of the cellarer. The left (N.) wing of the palace contains the Collection of the Historical Society (open on Sundays in summer, 10–12; at other times 50 pf, each pers.), and in the right wing is the Picture Gal- lery of the Kunstverein (daily except Sat., 10–3). The *Hofgarten, at the back of the palace, laid out in 1729, and afterwards frequently altered, is a favourite promenade. In the broad Hofstrasse, leading W. from the palace to the ca- thedral, is the Maaschule (PI. C, 2), containing the commercial and grammar schools and the collections of the polytechnic society. The CATHSDRAL (PI. C, 2), in the Parade-Platz, a cruciform ba- silica in the Romanesque style, consecrated in 1189, was materially altered in 1240 (to which date the four towers belong). The INTERIOR, marred by 18th cent. restoration, contains numerous monuments of bishops: those of Bibra (d. 1519) and *Scherenberg (d. 1495), by the 6th and 7th pillars on the right, were executed by Riemenschnei- dea’ (p. 68). The left aisle contains several fine brasses with low reliefs, e.g. that of Peter von Aufsess (d. 1522), by the 9th pillar. On the left side of the nave is a font of 1279. In the chair hangs a large crucifix by Riemenschneider. Adjoining the cathedral on the N. is the Landgericht, next to which rises the Neumünster Church (P1. C, 2), of the 11th century. The red rococo façade towards the Kürschnerhof was constructed in 1711–19 by Pezani; the dome was added in 1731. The well-pro- portioned interior was decorated with stucco and gilding in the 18th century. Beneath the choir is a crypt. — The LEICHENHOF (Pl. C, 2), a small square between the Neumünsterkirche and the cathe- dral, the old burial-ground of Würzburg, contains a Mount of Olives of the 18th century. On the choir of the Neumünsterkirche is a tablet with a Latin and a German inscription (the latter by King Ludwig I.), erected in 1843 to the memory of Walther von der Vogel- weide (d. about 1230), the greatest of the mediaeval German min- strels, who was interred in the old cloisters. A sum of money was left by the minstrel for purchasing food for the birds, and a vase was placed on the top of the original tomb for this purpose. The new monument is similarly provided, but the bequest has long since been diverted to the use of the canons themselves. We next visit the MARKT (Pl. B, C, 2), in which rises the elegant Gothic *Marienkapelle (Pl. 12), erected in 1877–1441, and restored in 1856, when the perforated spire was added. The reliefs on the three portals (Annunciation, Last Judgment, Virgin enthroned) are coeval with the church. The statues by the S. portal and in the choir are by Riemenschneider. Observe in the interior the tomb- stone of a knight (1499) and two female *saints by Riemenschneider. 58 Route 14. WüRZBURG. From Frankfort To the S.W. of the market-place lies the old Rathhaus (P1, B, C, 2), the oldest part of which, the so-called Grafeneckartsthurm, built in 1453–56, faces the Domstrasse. In the same street is the Vier- röhren-Brunnen, a fountain erected in 1733. The Domstrasse leads to the Main bridge, see below. From the Domstrasse the Augustinergasse and the Neubau- strasse lead to the S. to the JULILUs MAXIMILIAN UNIVERSITY, foun- ded in 1582 by Bishop Julius (p. 59), and attended by about 1550 students, of whom more than half are medical. The university buildings (P1. C, 2), designed by Adam Kal in 1587, contain various collections, the Zoological, the Mineralogical and Geological, the Antiquarium (Wagner's collection of antiquities, including Greek monuments, vases, Gobelins, wood-carving by Riemenschneider, early Christian lamps, rings, etc.; also a picture-gallery; open Thurs. 9-1), and the Cabinet of Engravings (Mon, and Wed. 9-12). All the collections are closed in vacation. The S. side of the quad- rangle is occupied by the University or Neubau-Kirche, built in 1582–91 in a curiously mixed Gothic and Renaissance style. The tower is used as an Observatory (Sat. 2-4). Adjoining the church on the E. is the University Library, containing over 200,000 vols., and adjacent is the Michaeliskirche. — To the W. of the University is the Franciscan Church, with a monastery of the 13th cent. (Pl. C., 3). From the Neubaustrasse the Peterstrasse leads S. to the Peters- kirche. On the S. side of the Platz is the old Mint ; on the E. side is the Regierungsgebäude, or government offices, once a Benedictine abbey, the Church of which, now Protestant, was tastefully de- corated in the interior in the rococo style in 1782–89. From this point the Ottostrasse leads S.E., past the (left) new Justixgebäude (Pl. D, 3; law-courts) and the monument of Phil. Franz v. Siebold, the naturalist and traveller (d. 1866), to the promenades by the Sander Glacis (see below). - From the Residenz-Platz or palace square (p. 56) the THEATER- STRAssE runs to the N.W. On the right we notice the Ludwigs- halle (Pl. D, 2), formerly railway offices, now used for exhibitions, in front of which rises a monument to v. Zürm, a late public-spiri- ted burgomaster of Würzburg. Opposite is the Theatre, and beyond it the Schrannenhalle (corn market). To the right, farther on, at the corner ot the Semmelstrasse, is the Bürgerspital (Pl. C, 2), with its popular wine-room (p. 56). Opposite to it a street leads to the right to the Stifthaug Church (P1. C, 1), with two towers and a lofty dome, built in 1670-91 by Petrini, in the rococo style. The interior is overladen with gilding. -- At the end of the Theaterstrasse the Kaiserstrasse, with its handsome shops, leads to the right to the Anlagen and the railway station, while the JULIUs–PROMENADE leads to the left to the Main. To the right in the latter is the extensive and admirably organised JULIUS-HospitaL (P1, C, 1, 2), founded in 1579, and richly endow- to Nuremberg. WüRZBURG. 14. Route. 59 ed, its property being now worth 9 million marks. Upwards of 600 persons, of whom 300 are patients, are daily boarded and lodged here. The clinical institutions connected with the hospital since the beginning of the 47th cent. also form a medical school. The Statue of the founder, Bishop Julius Echter v. Mespelbrunn (d. 1617), in the lower Julius Promenade, is by Schwanthaler. From the W. end of the Julius–Promenade we follow the bank of the Main to the N., past the ‘crane-quay', to the new Luitpold Bridge (P1. B, 1), which spans the river with seven arches and affords a fine view of the valley. On the opposite bank are large new barracks. In the PLEIGHER RING, leading S.E. from the bridge to the Kaiserstrasse and the railway station, are the new Zootomical Institute, the ‘Anatomie', and the Pathological, Physiological, and Physical Institutes, all belonging to the university. Pleasant grounds on the left. Beyond the Kaiserplatz (Pl. C, 1) we reach the Hauger and the Rennweger Ring, and beyond the Hofgarten (p. 57) the Sander Ring (P1. C, 4), which extends to the Main. The Domstrasse (p. 58) leads to the Old Main Bridge (PI. B., 2, 3), 644 ft. in length, constructed in 1474-1607, and adorned with statues of saints. On the left bank, immediately to the right, is the small Spitalbrücke, containing the “14 guardian saints' carved by T. Riemenschneider. To the left, 5 min. above the bridge, rise the grey towers of St. Burkard (P1, B, 2), the only church of Würzburg of intact original exterior, erected in 1033–42 in the Romanesque style and restored in 1168, with late-Gothic choir of 1494–97. In the interior it has shared the fate of the other churches. The nave contains a late-Romanesque offertory-box in sandstone, and the S. transept a carved altar of 1590. Through a vaulted passage below the choir of St. Burkard the Burkardergasse leads to the Burkarder Thor (PI. D, 2), beyond which runs the Mergentheim road. The first road diverging to the right beyond the gate is the ‘Leistenstrasse’, near which the ex- cellent ‘Leistenwein' is produced. The second road diverging to the right from the high-road (by the garden-restaurant of Leimsud) leads to a Station Path, which ascends in 10–12 min. to the octa- gonal MARIENCAPELLB (‘Käppele; Pl. A, 4) on the Nicolausberg, a pilgrimage-chapel, built in 1748–92 and containing good altar- pieces. The terrace in front of it affords fine views of the town and fortress. ~ On the hill opposite Würzburg, 427 ft. above the river, rises the fortress of MARIENBERG (Pl. A., 3), constructed since 1650 on the site occupied successively by a Roman fort and an episcopal castle, which was taken by Gustavus Adolphus in 1631. To reach it we cross the bridge, turn to the right, and ascend to the left by the ‘Erste Schlossgasse' (12 min.). We apply to the guard above the second covered gateway and are conducted to several fine points of view (cards of admission at the “Kommandantur'; fee 50 pf.). 60 Route 14. KITZINGEN In 1525 the insurgent peasantry lost time and strength in a vain at- tempt to capture this castle, after which the episcopal troops entered the town and executed 60 of the ringleaders. Near Würzburg the Arch- duke Charles defeated the French General Jourdan in 1796. In 1866 the campaign of the Prussian army of the Main terminated at Würzburg with the bombardment of the fortress (27th July). An armistice was concluded *::::::..., to Bamberg, R. 17; to Munich, R. 25; to Heidelberg, R. 15. The line to Ansbach (p. 115) and Gunzenhausen diverges here. The next stations on the Nuremberg line are (86 M.) Rottendorf and (90 M.) Dettelbach (a town on the Main, 3 M. to the E.). 951/2 M. Kitzingen (*Schwan; Rothes Ross; Stern), on the right bank of the Main, a busy trading town, with 7423 inhab., noted for its beer, is connected by an ancient stone bridge, 886 ft. long, with the suburb of Etwashausen on the left bank. In 1525 Margrave Ca- simir of Ansbach ordered seven of the burghers to be executed in the market-place, and many others to be deprived of sight, as a punishment for their participation in the Peasants' War. On a hill near the station, 1/2 M. to the S.W. of the town, are the Water- works, supplied from the Main by steam-power. Above the station is the Neue Schiesshaus, which affords a charming view of the wine- clad hills of the Main and of the Steigerwald with the Schwanberg. The line crosses the Main by a handsome bridge, 69 ft. high and 290 yds, long, and runs to the S.E. through a hilly district, pass- ing the Schwanberg. Stations Maimbermheim, Iphofen, Markt-Einers- heim, Hellmitzheim, Markt-Bibart, Langenfeld, and (120 M.) Neu- stadt, on the Aisch, a hop-trading place, with remains of old Walls and towers (4100 inhab.). BRANCH RAILWAY by Dottenheim and Ipsheim to (91/2 M.) Windsheim, an ancient little town on the Aisch, once a free town of the empire, and Still Surrounded with walls. Beyond (125 M.) Emskirchen we cross the Aurach by a fine viaduct, 132 ft. high. 128 M. Hagenbüchach; 134 M. Siegelsdorf (branch-line to Langenzenn); 1361/2 M. Burgfarnbach, with a château of Count Pückler. The across the Rednitz. On the right the Alte Feste, see below. . 140 M. Fürth (Hotel Kütt, Hotel National, both at the Fürth and Nuremberg Railway Station ; Schwarzes Kreuz, Drei Könige, in the town, plainer), a busy town with 42,659 inhab., vies with Nuremberg in its staple commodities of toys and fancy-articles, and possesses very extensive manufactories of gold-leaf and of mirrors. Conspicuous among the buildings is the modern Rathhaus with its lofty tower. The Gothic Church of St. Michael (14th cent.) contains a beautiful late-Gothic *Ciborium, 25 ft. high. The Rednitz, which joins the Pegnitz below the town to form the Regnitz, is crossed by a railway and a suspension-bridge. On a hill on the Rednitz, 2 M. to the S.W., lies the Alte Feste (1187 ft.), where the battle between Gustavus Adolphus and Wallenstein, which com- pelled the Swedish monarch to retreat, was fought on 4th Sept., 1632. The head-quarters of Gustavus were at the inn “Zum Grünen Baum', in the street now named after him. Six different attacks on the intrenched camp KÖNIGSHOFEN. 15. Route. 61 of Wallenstein had proved unsuccessful. Extensive view from the tower. The adjoning restaurant is a favourite resort of the Nurembergers. The main line between Fürth (junction for the line to Bamberg, p. 72) and (5 M.) Nuremberg is the Staatsbahn or government- railway; trains also run hourly (in 1/4 hr.) on the Ludwigsbahn (sta- tion at Nuremberg outside the Spittler-Thor), the oldest line in Ger- many (1835); and there is also a tramway (p. 85). Our train crosses the Ludwigs-Kanal near (144. M.) Doos, runs for a little way parallel with it, and then turns to the E. into the (145 M.) Nuremberg station (p. 85). 15. From Würzburg to Heidelberg. 99 M. RAILwAY in 41/2-63/4 hrs. The line coincides with the Munich line as far as (4 M.) Hei- dingsfeld (p. 113), diverges to the right, and ascends through a monotonous hilly region. 61/2 M. Reichenberg; the village, in the valley to the left, is overlooked by a handsome Schloss on the hill above. 10 M. Geroldshausen; beyond (14 M.) Kirchheim we cross the Baden frontier. The line now descends. Beyond (17 M.) Wittighausen several deep cuttings and a tunnel. Then through the wooded and grassy valley of the Grünbach to (201/2 M.) Zimmern, where the vine-culture begins. 221/2 M. Grünsfeld, an old town, with part of the walls still standing. The handsome church con- tains a good monument to a Countess von Wertheim (d. 1503) by Tilman Riemenschneider, 251/2 M. Gerlachsheim. The train crosses the Tauber, and turns to the left to (27 M.) Lauda (*Rail. Rest.), junction of the Wertheim line. - FROM LAUDA. To WERTHEIM (19/2 M.) railway in 1 hr. through the smil- ing Tauberthal. 2/2 M. Distelhausen ; 5 M. Tauberbischofsheim, the scene of an engagement between the Prussian and Wurtemberg troops in July 1866; 71/2 M. Hochhausen; 12 M. Gamburg, with an old castle. Two bridges and two tunnels. 15 M. Brommbach; the old Cistercian abbey, with a transition-church of the 12th cent., now belongs to Prince Löwenstein. 17 M. Reicholzheim; 19.1/2 M. Wertheim (p. 54). FROM LAUDA To MERGENTHEIM, 6 M., railway in 25 min., by Unter- balbach and Edelfingen. — Mergentheim (Hirsch, in the town ; Deutscher Hof, at the station) is an old town on the Tauber (pop. 4500), where the Master of the Teutonic Order resided down to 1805. The large Schloss contains a natural history cabinet. The most interesting of the churches is St. John’s, in the late-Romanesque style (12th cent.). The Karlsbad, near the town, has springs containing salt and magnesia (Kursaal and Trinkhalle). — From Mergentheim to Crailsheim, see p. 22. ...” 281/2 M. Königshofen (Deutscher Hof), an old town at the con- fluence of the Umpfer and the Tauber, where the insurgent peas- ants were defeated in 1525. g The line quits the Tauber, and turns W. into the Umpferthal. 31 M. Unterschüpf; 38 M. Schweigern; 34 M. Bowberg-Wölchingen. At Boxberg a ruined castle. The church of Wölchingen (to the right), in the transition-style of the 13th cent., has handsome por- tals and interesting Romanesque capitals. It contains the tomb- stones of several knights of Rosenberg (14th and 15th cent.). 2 62 Route 15. NECKARSTEINACH. Beyond a tunnel, (44. M.) Eubigheim. Then through the Kirnach- thal to Hirschlanden, Rosenberg, and (481/2 M.) Osterburken (Kanne, opposite the station), an ancient town on the site of a Roman camp. - FROM OSTERBURREN To JAGSTFELD, 231/2 M., rail in 14/4 hour. The line crosses the Kirnach, and traverses the valley of that stream to Adels- heim, a small town on the E. spurs of the Odenwald. Then through the Seckachthal to Sennfeld, Roigheim, and (10 M.) Möckmühl, an old town, with walls and towers, at the influx of the Seckach into the Jagst, stoutly defended by Götz von Berlichingen against the Swabian League in 1519; at the N. end are the extensive ruins of the castle. — We cross the Jagst and follow the left bank to Züttlingen, Siglingen, Weudenau, Unter-Gries- heim, and Jagstfeld (p. 19). The Baden railway diverges to the right from the Wurtemberg line, passes through a tunnel, and traverses pleasant' wooded and grassy valleys on the S.E. fringe of the Odenwald. 50 M. Adels— heim; the little town is 3/4 M. distant (see above). The line now runs through the Seckachthal. Several tunnels. 53 M. Seckach; 56.M. Eicholzheim; 57M. Schefflenz; 60M. Auerbach. Near (62M.) Dallaw the Elz is crossed. 63 M. Neckarburken. 66 M. Mosbach (*Prinz Karl; Badischer Hof; Rail. Rest.), an old and busy little town on the Elz, with 3300 inhab. - 68 M. Neckarelz, at the influx of the Elz into the Neckar, is the junction of the Stuttgart and Hanau line (p. 19). FROM NEC KARELZ To MECKESHEIM, 20 M., railway in 1-1/2 hour. The train crosses the Neckar. Beyond a short tunnel is the little château of Neuberg on the right. Two tunnels. Stations Asbach, Aglasterhausen, Helmstadt, Waibstadt (with a Gothic church). We next follow the Schwarz- bachthal. 15!/2 M. Neidenstein, with a château; 17 M. Eschelbronn ; 20 M. Meckesheim, junction of the Heilbronn and Heidelberg railway (see p. 19). A run of 411/2 M. brings us from Neckarelz to (80 M.) Eber- bach, junction for Darmstadt and Hanau, see p. 19. Beyond the next tunnel is (85 M.) Hirschhorn (*Zum Naturalisten), pictures- quely situated at the foot of the fine castle of that name. 87 M. Neckarhausen. 89 M. Neckarsteinach (Harfe, with a garden on the Neckar), with four old castles of the Steinachs, surnamed the Landschaden (“land-scourges'). The Mittelburg, one of these castles, has been restored in the mediaeval style. Opposite, on a wooded hill, rises the ancient castle of Dilsberg. Beyond a tunnel the train crosses the Neckar. 93 M. Neckargemünd (Pfalz), where the Neckar receives the Elsenz, is the junction of the line to Meckesheim and Neckarelz (see above). Opposite (951/2 M.] Schlierbach is the abbey of Newburg. A number of villas are passed as we near Heidelberg. The train stops first at the Carlsthor station (for the upper town), and then passes through a long tunnel below the Schlossberg to the (99 M.) principal station (see Baedeker's Rhine). . 63 16. From Leipsic to Nuremberg by Bamberg, 222 M. RAILWAY, express in 9/2, ordinary trains in 13 hrs. — Express from Leipsic to Munich by Nuremberg in 138/4 hrs.; to Lindau by Nördlingen and Augsburg in 181/3 hrs. — The express from Berlin to Nuremberg and Munich runs vià. Halle, Weissenfels, Zeitz, Gera, Saalfeld, Probstaella, and Hochstadt (see below: time 15 hrs. 5 min. ; vià Leipsic and Hof-Wiesau 13 hrs. 15 min.), and is joined at Zeitz by the train from Leipšic, starting from the Thuringian Station. We start from the Bavarian Station. 54/2 M. Gaschwitz; 9 M. Böhlen; 13 M. Kieritzsch, where a branch diverges to Chemnitz. 24!/2 M. Altenburg (Hôtel de Sawe; Hôtel de Russie, etc.), with 31,520 inhab., capital of the Duchy of Sachsen-Altenburg, is over- looked by the ducal Schloss. Late-Gothic church (1410), and fine park. (See Baedeker’s N. Germany.) 36 M. Gössnitz, junction for Glauchau and Chemnitz to the E., and Gera to the W.; 42 M. Crimmitzschau; 484/2 M. Werdaw (junction for Zwickau), all with spinning and weaving factories. To the left, on a wooded hill, Schloss Schönfels. 54 M. Newmark, junction for Greiz. 59 M. Reichenbach (Lamm; Deutscher Kaiser), a manufacturing town with 18,300 inhab. — Carriages are changed here for Eger (see below). The train crosses the deep Göltzschthal by a grand viaduct with four rows of arches one above the other, 706 yds. in length and 285 ft. high. Below, to the left, lies the little town of Mylaw. 621/2 M. Netzschkau; 66 M. Herlasgrün (branch-line by Auerbach and Falkenstein to Oelsnitz, see below). Then another lofty viaduct across the deep, wooded Elsterthal. 741/2 M. Plauen (*Deil's Hôtel; Engel; *Hôt. Müller, Bahn- hofstr.), a busy manufacturing town on the Weisse Elster (46,900 in- hab.), is the capital of the Voigtland, overlooked by the old castle of Hradschin, anciently the seat of the Voigt or governor. IFROM PLAURN To WIESAU VIA EGER., 621/2 M., railway in 4 hrs. The line diverges to the left from the Hof and Nuremberg line and leads through the picturesque Elsterthal, a hilly district with numerous factories, 2 M. Neundorf; 6 M. Weischlitz (junction for the Elsterthal Railway to Greiz and Gera); 71/2 M. Pirk; 124/2 M. Oelsnitz (branch to Auerbach and Zwickau); 201/2M. Adorf (branch to Chemnitz). Then (221/2 M.) Elster (Hôtel de Sage, with the Cursaal; * Wettiner Hof; Bauer, etc.), a pleasant watering-place, with alkaline and saline springs. - The train quits the Elster and crosses the watershed between the Elster and the Eger. 31 M. Brambach. At (37. M.) Voitersreuth, the Austrian frontier-station, luggage is examined. 42 M. Fran- gensbad (p. 304), junction for Hof (p. 64), 461/2 M. Eger (p. 303; luggage from Munich examined here; *Rail. Rest.); routes hence to Carlsbad and Prague, see R. 45; to Pilsen and Vienna, see R. 48. Beyond Eger the train quits the Austrian territory. At (581/2M.) Waldsassen is a Cistercian abbey, founded in 1128, suppressed in 64 Route 16. HOF, From Leipsic 1803; handsome church in the baroque style; fine carving in the library-hall, 56.M. Steinmühle; 5.9 M. Mitterteich, on the watershed between the Eger and the Nab. To the right is the Kösseine, p. 82. At (621/2 M.) Wiesau (see p. 119), the line unites with that vià Hof to Munich.] 82 M. Mehltheuer; 851/2 M. Schönberg (branch to Schleix). Beyond (90/2 M.) Reuth the train enters Bavaria. The blue outlines of the Fichtelgebirge (see Map, p. 79) soon become visible on the left, 104.M. Hof (*Hirsch; *Lamm; Prinz Regent; Wittelsbacher Hof, at the station; Goldner Löwe ; *Rail. Rest.), a considerable town on the Saale, with 24,548 inhab., is the junction of the Munich line vià Wiesau and Ratisbon (R. 27). Gothic Rathhaus of 1563; fine Michaelskirche, consecrated in 1299, frequently altered, and in 1884 thoroughly restored. On the Theresienstein (*Restaurant) is the pretty public park; 1/2 M. farther off is the Labyrinthenberg, with a ruin and a belvedere: view of the rounded summit of the Döbraberg (2325 ft.) to the W., in the Franconian forest. . BRANCH-LINE, 14!/2 M., in 28 min., vià. Waila to Maragrün, whence a diligence runs twice daily in Iſz hr. to (3 M.) Steben (2130 ft.; *Kur-Höfel; Anker; Pension Spörl), a loftily situated chalybeate bath, well fitted up. The little town (800 inhab.) was almost entirely burned down in 1877 and has been handsomely rebuilt. In 1796-97 Alexander von Humboldt was mining superintendent here; the house he occupied is denoted by a tablet. Excursions to the *Höllenthal, to the Langenauer Thal, and to Blanken- berg, prettily situated on the Saale. — From Steben to Kronach (p. 65) diligence daily in 6 hs., vià Geroldsgrün, Steinwiesen, and Unterrodach. FROM HoF. To EGER, 371/2 M. (rail in 21/2 hrs.). 31/2 M. Oberkotzau; 81/2 M. Rehaw (on the right the Grosse Kornberg, with a view-tower); 15!/2 M. Selb. 20 M. Asch (Post), a Bohemian manufacturing town, with 15,557 in- Inab., contains monuments to Luther and Joseph II. Fine view from the Hainberg, 1/2 hr. to the N., the highest point of the Elstergebirge. [A branch-line runs from the station, which is 11/4 M. from the town, by Asch-Stadt, Neuberg and Thonbrunn, to (83/4. M.) Rossbach, with consider- able manufactories.] — Then stat. Hasslau, Antonienhöhe-Stöckermühle, Franzensbad (p. 304), and (37/. M.) Eger (p. 303). - The line traverses a hilly district, running near the winding Saale. 109 M. Oberlºotzau, junction of the line to Ratisbon and Munich (R. 27); 112 M. Schwarzenbach, on the Saale; 4161/2 M. Seulbitz; 120 M. Münchberg (*Bayr. Hof; branch-line to Helm- brechts, 51/2 M., in 35 min.). - The “Waldstein (2890 ft.) is most easily ascended hence (comp. p. 84). Pleasant footpath (or by Omnibus twice daily in 50 min.) to (3 M.) Sparneck (Post); thence by a distinct path to the top in 50 min. 1264/2 M. Stambach. On the left rise the Waldstein (see above), Schneeberg (p. 84), and Ochsenkopf (p. 80), the highest points of the Fichtelgebirge. 131 M. Falls–Gefrees; the village of Gefrees lies in the Lübnitzthal, 3 M. to the E. 133 M. Markt-Schorgast (1660 ft.) lies in the valley to the right (to Berneck, see p. 79). The engineering of the line here is interesting (gradient at first 1 : 40; descent to Neuenmarkt 575 ft.): cuttings, embankments, and dark pine-clad valleys in rapid succession. To the left in the distance is Himmelkron, the traditional burial-place of the Countess of Orla- to Nuremberg. LIGHTENFELS. 16. Route. 65 münde (the ‘White Lady', d. about 1300), ancestress of the Bran- denburg-Kulmbach family. 138 M. Neuenmarkt (junction for Bayreuth and Schnabelwaid, etc., see p. 76 and R. 25); 11/2 M. to the N. is Wiersberg (1470 ft.; Hôt. Werner, etc.), a summer-resort, with pretty walks. 142 M. Unter-Steinach; 3 M. to the N.W. lies Stadt-Steinach. Country picturesque, especially near (146 M.) Kulmbach (*Goldner Hirsch; *Rail. Rest.), a town with 7000 inhab., famed for its beer, formerly the residence of the Margraves of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, on the Weisse Main, commanded by the Plassemburg, now a prison. Near (149 M.) Mainleus, by Schloss Stemenhausen, the Weisse and Rothe Main unite to form the Main. 1524/2 M. Mainroth; 1551/2 M. Burgkunstadt, a little town with an old Rathhaus and Schloss. We cross the Main to (159 M.) Hochstadt- Marktzeuln, junction of the Probstaella, Saalfeld, and Berlin line. FROM Hoc HSTADT To SAALFELD (50 M.) railway in 21/2-31/2 hrs. through the pretty Rodachthal. 21/2 M. Redwitz, at the entrance of the Steinach- thal; 5 M. Ober-Langenstadt; 61/2 M. Kiips, a considerable village with a château of Hr. v. Redwitz. 10 M. Kronach (Goldneſ' Wagen. Or Post ; Sonne), a small town (4000 inhab.) at the confluence of the Hasslach and Rodach, formerly fortified and bravely defended during the Thirty Years' War, was the birthplace of the painter Lucas Cranach (1472). The Gothic church (1548–1607) stands on a lofty rook, which ascends to the imposing and well-preserved fortress of Rosenberg (1240 ft.; now pleasure-grounds, with restaurant and a small historical museum). Thence through the Hasslachthal by stat. Gundelsdorf to (151/2 M.) Stockheim, with valuable coal-mines in the vicinity. The line now ascends by Rothenkirchen and Förtschendorf to (26 M.) Steinbach (1950 ft.), on the watershed between the Rhine and the Elbe, and descends into the Loquitzthal to (29 M.) Ludwigs- stadt (branch-line in 40 min. to Lehesten, with extensive Slate-quarries). By the hamlet of Lauenstein the train quits Bavaria, enters Saxe-Meiningen, and reaches (34 M.) Probstzella (Rail. Restaur.), where it joins the Prus- sian State railway. Then Marktgölitz, Unterloquitz, Eichicht, and (50 M.) Saalfeld, junction of the lines to Jena, Grossheringen, Halle, and Berlin, and to Weida, Zeitz, and Weissenfels or Leipsic: see Baedeker’s Worthern Germany. 158 M. Lichtenfels (866 ft. ; Anker, Hôtel Moulin, both near the station; Krone, in the market) is the junction of the Werra line (see Baedeker’s N. Germany). Schloss Banz on the right (11/4 hr. from Lichtenfels) and Vierzehnheiligen on the left (1 hr.) are conspicuous objects. Pleasure-grounds on the Burgberg. Carriage to Vierzehnheiligen 41/2, to Banz 6.4. (return included). We may visit both on foot by going from Lichtenfels to Vierzehnheiligen (1 hr.), and thence to Banz (1/2 hr.), and descending to (4/4 hr.) stat. Staffelstein (see below). By the direct road Banz is 11/2 hr. from Lichten- fels: we follow the direction of the railway, cross the Main at the ferry- houses, and then ascend the hill. The once celebrated Benedictine Abbey of Banz, founded in 1096, was dissolved in 1803. The extensive buildings on a wooded height, 400 ft. above the Main (1380 ft. above the sea-level), now belong to Duke Charles Theodore of Bavaria. Delightful view from the terrace. Valuable collec- tion of fossils found in the lias of the neighbourhood (fine saurians, colos- sal ammonites, etc.). The Egyptian collection is unimportant. A Descent from the Cross, a relief in silver, presented by Pope Pius VI. to his godson Duke Pius of Bavaria, is erroneously attributed to Benv. Cellini, – “Inn at the château, suitable for some stay. BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. 5 66 Route 16. BAMBERG. From Leipsic Opposite Banz, at the same elevation, is Vierzehnheiligen (Hirsch), the most frequented shrine in Franconia, visited by about 50,000 pilgrims an- nually. The church, with its two towers, was rebuilt in the rococo style in 1748-72. An altar in the centre of the nave marks the spot, where, according to the legend, the 14 “Nothhelfer” (“helpers in need’) ap- peared to a shepherd-boy in 1446, and gave rise to the foundation of the church. The two W. chapels contain numerous thank-offerings, such as figures in wax, etc. — The traveller who has visited Banz is not recom- mended to go to Vierzehnheiligen also, unless for the sake of extending his excursion along the top of the hill to the (3 M.) chapel (Restaurant) and the verge of the precipitous Staffelberg (see below). Near (162M.) Staffelstein the Staffelberg (1775 ft.) with its cha- pel, on the left, rises abruptly from the valley; and farther on, to the S., is the Veitsberg (1515 ft.), with a chapel and ruined castle; both afford magnificent views. 1651/2 M. Ebensfeld; 169 M. Zapfen- dorf; 173 M. Breiten-Güssbach; 17.9 M. Hallstadt. Near Bamberg the line from Schweinfurt (Würzburg, Aschaffenburg, Kissingen, etc.) joins ours on the right. - 184 M. Bamberg. — Hotels. *BAMBERGER HoF (Pl. a 3 C, 3), Grüner Markt, R., L., A. 21/2-31/2, B. 1, D. 21/2.4. ; – DEUTSCHES HAUS (Pl. b : D, 2), König-Str., R. from 1/2, D. 2./., B. 80 pf.; *DREI KRONEN (Pl. d: C, 4), Lange-Str., R., L., A. 2, D. 2./. ; *ERLANGER HOF (Pl. c.), at the stañón R. L., A. frºm 1.7%. 80 pf. Restaurants. Rathskeller, Kessler-Str. ; Messerschmitt, Kapuzinergasse; Fischer, Lange-Str. (good Franconian wine at these); Tambosi and Wittels- bach, with gardens, both on the Promenade; Theater-Restaur., Schiller- Platz; Villa Remeis, with view (p. 70). Beer at the Fässlein, König-Str. etc. Beer-gardens on the Stephansberg, Kaulberg, and Jakobsberg, much fre- quented on Summer-evenings, with fine views. Cab into the town, with one horse 75 pf., with two horses 11/2.4. ; to the Jakobsberg 1 or 2 /., to the Michaelsberg 11/4 or 2/2 2/4. Within the town: 1/4 hr. 50 pf, or 1.4., 1/2 hr. 1 or 2 /., 1 hr. 2 or 3 J/4. - Post Office (Pl. 14; C, 4), Schiller-Platz. — Telegraph Office, at the station. - Swimming Baths at the Theresienhain (p. 71), above the town. Bamberg (775 ft.), a town with 35,248 inhab., lies in a very fertile district on both banks of the Regnitz, at its junction with the Ludwigs-Canal (connecting the Main and the Danube, little used) and 3M. above its confluence with the Main. The town al- ready enjoyed municipal privileges in 973, was erected into a bishopric by Emp. Henry II. in 1007, and since 1802 has be- longed to Bavaria. About half of the town is built upon a chain of hills, crowned with churches. Busy industries have sprung up here of late years (cotton-spinning, weaving, brewing, etc.). The route from the station to the town (to the cathedral 1 M.) leads through the Luitpoldstrasse. At the beginning of the König- strasse, on the left, is the old church of St. Gangolph (Pl. 5), found- ed in 1063, originally Romanesque, with a Gothic choir, but dis- figured by alterations. The E. branch of the Regnitz is crossed by two bridges, the Sophienbrücke and the Kettenbrücke (Pl. D, 3). The former, an iron bridge built in 1867, leads to the modern quarters of the town (p. 74), but the chief traffic crosses the Kettenbrücke, or chain- bridge, constructed in 1828–29, from which the Hauptwach-Strasse Jeograph. Angva!ſtyÇa. BAMBERG, Kirchen: · · · · ·„B. į. . $#7Martinsk. . . . . . C. 3. . Don… . . . Obere Pfarrk. . . . .B. l., 5. &# Gangoſº. . . . . Đ.Ė. 2. 6. Sº Jacob . . .. . . .A.）. 7. Stefansk. . . . . . c. 5. 8. After Hof. . . . . . . . . .B., 4; 4 2 8. &#ĀĶēnaelsk. . . . . . A.3. 4 5 9. BæJoſhof. . . . . . . . F. 1, 2, 10.Bürgerspitat. . . . . . . A.3. 14. Ratſhaus . . . . . . . .0.4. † 2. Froſinfeste. . . . . . . . B. 3. 4. 13. №rthat's semanda . . . . B.f. 44. Posť. . . . . . . . . . .€.4. ' 15, Priestersentinar. . . . . .0.3. 16. disernen. . . . B. 5. c. 4.D.1.4. 17. Residenz, mezze. . . . . . .B.32. 18. Zheater. . . . . . . . . .D, 4. 19. señānzºnspojov. . . . . D.4. G-a, s t höfe: | æ. Bæriſberger Hof . . .. . C. 3. b. Dezetsches Iſaacs . . . . . . . D. & . c. Erlanger Hof . . . . . . . T.º. d. Drei ſonen. （. . . . . 0,4, e.. Goldner đãÜlerD. 2. Wagnst &！！！！ *I | > 2 L º ve º | CHE SCHWEIZ -§ kilometer m.）.- . ſaeo（~）. ſaethaf ae:Zochenrè · Aſæſter， zºgozºfº. 4.§§ 0*- ----- \----ſağ№ſſá |－：ºff}},---- |ğ bài gºsaff§ºw （）; \Ř¿№ëtteſnaeſ, } ！ # „…， ſaebaerffah. ſ+ſuae ſăach. |-}¿ ſººſ （ºffiſer， ºº.¿ |（8ääſiſſa， -Langeš， ºrºgºr Anstrzºſºgner & Cº -- “Baireuth, Wunsiedel, Hof to Nuremberg, BAMBERG. 16. Route. 67 Heads S. to the Maximilians-Platz and the Grüne Markt. A third bridge is being built above the Sophienbrücke for the use of the suburb of Wunderburg. In the MAXIMILIANs-PLATz (PI. C., 3), on the right, is the Prie- ster-Seminar (Pl. 19). In the centre rises an imposing Fountain, executed in 1880 by Miller of Munich, with statues of Maximilian I. of Bavaria, Emp. Henry II., his wife Kunigunde, Bishop Otho the Saint, and Emp. Conrad III. - - Farther on is the GRÜNE MARKT, where the well-stocked vege- table-market is held in the forenoon. On the right, at the corner of the Jesuiten-Strasse, is the church of St. Martin (Pl. 2; C, 3), built by Andr. Pozzo in the Baroque style in 1686–1720, with a dome and massive barrel-vaulting; the tower, 180 ft. high, affords a good survey of the town. Adjoining the church is St. Martin's Pfarrhof, formerly a college of the Jesuits and university, now the Royal Lyceum, with faculties of theology and philosophy. The entrance, 2 Jesuitenstrasse, leads into a court, in the arcades at the back of which are the entrances to the Linder Cabinet of Natu- ral History (10–12; on the right) and to the *Library (on the left). The latter, formed by the union of the Jesuits’ library with collec- tions from several convents, now contains 300000 vols. and up- wards of 3000 MSS. (Librarian, Dr. Leitschuh.) The Library is open daily (except Sun., holidays, and Sat. afternoons) 8-12 and 2-4; during the summer-holidays visitors are admitted from 9 to 12. Some of its most interesting contents are exhibited under glass in the principal hall: Several Gospels and missals of the Carlovingian period, including the so-called ‘Bible of Alcuin', probably written at Tours; prayer-books of Henry II. and his wife Kunigunde, with fine Byzantine ivory diptychs of the 11th cent. ; also numerous miniatures, rare printed works, interesting drawings, water-colours, etc., including several ascribed to Dürer (?). - The Grüne Markt, in which rises the Neptune Fountain (‘Gabel- mann'), erected in 1698, and the Obstmarkt lead to the Obere Brücke, a bridge over the left arm of the Regnitz, completed in 1455, with a stone Crucifix of 1715. On an artificial island half- way across stands the Rathhaus (Pl. 11; C, 4), rebuilt in 1744– 56, and adorned externally with allegorical frescoes in the taste of • the period. The old tower covering the entrance to the bridge is adorned with rococo balconies. – A little lower down is an iron bridge, constructed in 1858. Above is another iron bridge crossing from the right bank to the Geier8wörth, an island with an old episcopal palace, now a court of justice. The two chief bridges afford fine views of the river and the picturesque houses on its banks. – From the Upper Bridge the Karolinen-Str. ascends to the KAROLINEN - PLATZ, a square enclosed by the cathedral, the old, and the new palace. The *Cathedral (Pl. 1; B, 4) with its four towers, one of the grandest Romanesque edifices in Germany (312 ft. long, 92 ft. wide, and 86 ft. high), was founded by Emp. Henry II. in 1004, but 5 * 68 Route 16. BAMBERG. From Leipsie dates in its present form from the close of the 12th and the be- ginning of the 13th century. The W. choir, with the transept in front of it, is later, as its pointed style and moulded pillars indicate, perhaps dating from 1274, when an indulgence was grant- ed to the promoters of the building, and the nave covered with its pointed ceiling. The four eight-storied towers are 265 ft. in height; the two at the E. end are in pure Romanesque, but the open-work turrets on the W. towers reveal the influence of the early French – Gothic style. The sculptures are among the best examples of German plastic art between the late-Romanesque and the early-Renaissance periods. . The sculptures on the recessed PRINCIPAL POIRTAL (Fürstenthon"), which resembles the ‘Goldene Pforte' of Freiberg Cathedral, represent the Last Judgment, the Apostles standing on the shoulders of the Prophets, and symbolical figures of Church and Synagogue. The two smaller portals to the right and left of the E. CHOIR, approached by a fine flight of steps, are also embellished with sculptures: on the S.W. portal (the ‘marriage-door”), the usual entrance to the cathedral, are figures of Adam and Eve, SS. Peter and Stephen, and the Emp. Henry II. and his con- sort Kunigunde: the S. E. door has fine columns with elaborate capitals; above the architrave, the Virgin worshipped by Saints. - The “Interior (open 5-11 a. m. and 2-4 p. m.) was judiciously restor- ed by King Lewis I. in 1828-37 and purged of disfigurements. (The sacri- stan, who shows the choir-stalls and treasury, lives at the back of the W. choir; entrance in the Carolinen-Platz; fee 1/2-1 .4.) In the centre of the NAVE is the *Sarcophagus of the founder Henry II. (d. 1024) and his consort Kunigunde (d. 1038), executed, in a fine-grained limestone resembling marble, by Tilmann Riemenschneider, the famous sculptor of Würzburg, in 1499-1513. On the highly ornate sarcophagus re- pose the emperor and empress, over life-size, in the fantastic costumes of the 15th cent. The reliefs on the sides represent scenes from their lives: 1. The Empress proves her innocence by walking over red-hot plough-shares; 2. She pays the workmen who erected the church founded by her; 3. The Emperor cured of an illness by St. Benedict; 4. He implores pardon for sin; 5. His death. — Modern Pulpit by Rotermundt. To the left of the approach to the St. George’s or E. CHOIR is an Eques- trian Figure of Emp. Conrad III., who died at Bamberg in 1153 and was. buried in the cathedral (or perhaps of Stephen, King of Hungary, who was baptized here). — The stone screens separating the E. choir from the aisles are adorned with interesting sculptures, representing the Apostles and Pro- phets (in pairs) and the Annunciation, all of the 12th cent. ; between these, on the N. Side, are three fine statues (Madonna, Sibyl, an angel) of the end of the 13th century. Adjacent is the monument of the last prince- bishop (d. 1808). — The E. CHOIR contains, on the right, the monument of the prince-bishop George II. (d. 1505), from Peter Vischer's studio, and the sarcophagi of Bishop Otho II. (d. 1196 ; Romanesque) and Bishop Gün- ther (d. 1066; 13th century). The figure of Christ, in bronze, over the altar, was designed by Schwanthaler, as were also the 22 reliefs of saints on the altar. The choir-stalls are modern. — The CRYPT, below the E. choir, is severely Romanesque; the vaulting is borne by 14 round and Octagonal columns. It contains the simple Sandstone sarcophagus of Emp. Conrad III. and a well. & In the St. Peter's or W. CHOIR is the low marble sarcophagus of Pope Clement II. (d. 1047), once Bishop of Bamberg, with reliefs of the 13th century. On the walls are the monuments of the prince-bishops Schaum- burg (d. 1475), Gross-Thockau (d. 1501), Pommersfelden (d. 1503), the last two being from Peter Vischer's studio, and George III. of Limburg (d. 1522), by Loyen Hering, one of the earliest Renaissance monuments in Germany. The choir-stalls are of the Gothic period. to Nuremberg. BAMBERG. 16. Route, 69 . . In the S. TRANSEPT, to the left of the W. choir, is an ivory crucifix Said to date from the 4th cent., and presented to the church by Emp. Henry II. in 1008. The two doors in the S. transept lead to the sacristy and to the NAGEL-CAPELLE (Chapel of the Nail), added in the 15th cent., which contains 64 monumental brasses of canons (1414-1540), a carved re- redos of the 15th cent., and an Entombment after Ann. Carracci. The adjacent ANTONIUS - CAPELLE contains an altar-piece by Lucas Ch'anach (1513) representing the Madonna in a garland of roses, with saints and portraits of Emp. Max I., the Pope, and other princes of that period. — The TREASURY contains, among other curiosities, a nail of the True Cross in a mounting of the 15th cent., the skulls of Emp. Henry II. and Kuni- gunde, the Emperor's crown, his sword, drinking-horn, and knife, combs of the Empress, a chasuble embroidered by her, and the enamelled head of St. Otho's crozier. From the cathedral we may cross over to the Oberpfarrkirche in 2 min. through the “Obere and Untere Bach”. - The W. side of the Karolinen-Platz is bounded by the pictur- esque Alte Hofhaltung or Alte Residenz, with a lofty gable and handsome jutting window and portal, built in the second half of the 16th cent. on the site of an older palace of the Counts of Baben- berg, in which the Lombard King Berengarius died in captivity in 966, and Count Palatine Otho of Wittelsbach slew Emp. Philip of Swabia in 1208. In front of this palace rises a monument to the prince-bishop Von Erthal (d. 1797), erected in 1865. The N. and half of the E. side of the Karolinen-Platz are occu- pied by the Neue Residenz (PI. 17; adm. 10–11 and 2–4; on Sun. and holidays 10.30 to 12 and 2–3; 50 pf.), or New Palace, erected by Bishop von Schönborn in 1698–1704. Here, in Oct., 1806, Napoleon issued his declaration of war against Prussia. From 1806 to 1837 this palace was the residence of Duke William of Bavaria, father-in-law of the French Marshal Berthier. On 1st June 1815 the marshal, whose mind had been unhinged by the return of Na- poleon from Elba, threw himself from one of the windows on the E. side with fatal effect. — The S. wing contains the Archives. The Obere Karolinengasse, between the two palaces, leads from the Karolinen-Platz to the Jakobsberg and the St. Jakobskirche (Pl. 6; A, 4), a flat-roofed Romanesque church of the 11th cent., with a Gothic W. choir and an E. choir which was transformed in 1771 into a rococo façade, all recently restored. At the back of the W. choir, to the left, is Schmidt's interesting Porcelain Painting Establishment. . - A little to the N. of St. Jakob's is the Michaelsberger-Str., by which we ascend to the *Michaelsberg (Pl. 10; A, 3), with its con- spicuous church and other buildings of a Benedictine abbey foun- ded by Emp. Henry II. The court, which we enter by the W. gate- Way, affords a good picture of a mediaeval convent on a large scale, though most of the present buildings only date from last century. The CHURCH of ST. MICHAEL (Pl. 3), a Romanesque edifice of the 12th cent., with Gothic additions, tastelessly restored last Century, has been entirely renovated in the interior. - - The INTERIOR contains many monuments of bishops (16-18th cent.), transferred hither from the cathedral. Behind the high-altar is that of 70 Route 16. BAMBERG. From Leipsic St. Otho (d. 1139), dating from the 14th cent. ; at the back is a painted statue of the saint, probably a relic of an earlier monument. The altar contains his pastoral staff, mitre, and chasuble. Handsome rococo choir- stalls of the 18th century. The S.E. wing of the abbey-building now contains the municipal “Museum’ or GALLERY OF ART. Entrance adjoining the church- steps (adm. Sun. 10–12 free; week-days 10-12 and 2–4, in win- ter 2–3, adm. 50 pf.; at other times on payment of a fee; cata- logue 60 pf.). - ſ Rooms I & II. Early German Masters: 64 paintings by M. Wohlgemuth, Hans von Kulmbach, Hans Baldung Grien, Lucas Ch'anach , and others. — Rooms III & IV. contain (according to the catalogue) 61 pictures by A. del Sarto, C. Dolci, M. Caravaggio, Sassofer'ato, C. Maratta, Tiepolo, and other Italian masters, and 11 pictures by Spagnoletto and other Spanish painters. — Room's V, VI, & VII. Dutch and Flemish Masters of the 16th and 17th cent., including C. de Crayer, Honthorst, Jordaens, Sal. Ruysdael, and Jan van Goyen. — Roomſ VIII. French School. — Roomſ IX. Heller Collection : 319. Corn. Janszoon van Ceulen, Portrait; 322. A. Dürer, Head of St. Paul, a study. -- Rooms X, XI, & XII. contain modern works, chiefly by artists of Bamberg and Munich; 489 Head “al fresco' by Cornelius. – Also water- colours, miniatures, crayon sketches, and Small works of art in ivory, alabaster, and wood. — On the first floor a large carpet of the end of the 15th cent. with scenes from the Passion. On the N. side of the church is the old abbey, now the Bürger- spital or poor—house. To the left are the secular buildings, now a brewery and restaurant. Passing the terrace of the restaurant, we reach the Monastery Garden, laid out in the 18th cent., where the avenue of limes affords charming views of the town (a favourite evening resort). From the Michaelsberg we may go to the W., past the little church of St. Getrew and the Lumatic Asylum, to the Villa Remeis, now the property of the town, which commands a fine panorama (restaurant, see p. 66). To the W. of the Upper Bridge (p. 67) the Lugbank ascends to the left to the Kaulberg. On the Untere Kaulberg, to the left, stands the Gothic *Obere Pfarrkirche zu Unserer Lieben Frauen (Pl. 4; B, 4, 5), erected in 1320-87, disfigured in the 18th cent., but of late thoroughly restored. The Gothic choir contains 11 altars. Good wood-carving on the organ by Veit Stoss (1523). On the N. side is the Ehethür (‘wedding-gate'), with an elegant porch borne by two slender columns. From the Upper Bridge (p. 67) we may now go to the S. through the Judengasse and ascend the Stephansberg to the new Observa- tory (“Sternwarte'), built with a bequest of the late Hr. Remeis. Beautiful walk up the Kaulberg (see blue notice-boards), past the Karmeliter-Kaserne (once a convent), then down a little to the right, and lastly straight up the hill to the (40 min.) *Altenburg (carr. and pair 6.4.; café at the top). The castle, probably found- ed in the 10th cent. and after 1251 a castle of the bishops, was destroyed in 1553 by Margrave Albert of Bayreuth, but afterwards partly restored. Fine view from the tower (162 steps; afternoon to Nuremberg. ERLANGEN. 16. Route. 71 light best). The restored chapel contains monuments of the 16th cent. and stained glass. The Theresienhain (P1, D, 5) and Luisenhain, with their pro- menades skirting the Regnitz, afford pleasant walks. They are reached from the new town in 10–15 min. by the Sophien-Brücke, the Schönleins-Platz (with a bust of the famous physician of that name), and the Hain-Str.; and from the old town by the Geiers- wörth-Str. and the Mühlendamm. Near the centre of the park is a café, and at the end of it, 2 M. from the town, is the little village of Bug (pron. ‘book'). - Interesting excursion to Banz and Wierzehnheiligen (pp. 65, 66). — Fran- conian Switzerland, see p. 82. The environs of Bamberg form a vast Orchard and kitchen- garden, of which, however, little is seen from the train. Pine- plantations and hop-gardens are traversed. The railway, high-road. Regnitz, and Ludwigs-Canal run parallel. 191 M. Hirschaid; 195 M. Eggolsheim. To the left on the height near Forchheim rises the Jägersburg, once a hunting-lodge of the bishops of Bamberg. 199 M. Forchheim (Hirsch; Zettelmaier, Zur Eisenbahn, both at the station), once a frontier-fortress of the bishops of Bamberg, was a place of some importance as far back as the time of Charle- magne. Pop. 5700. The Gothic Church contains twelve scenes from the Passion, of Wohlgemuth's school. The spacious Schloss, of the 14th cent., is now occupied by public offices. The rapid Wiesent falls into the Regnitz here. — Excursion to the Franconian Switzer- land, see p. 82. - To the right, near (203 M.) Baiersdorf, are the ruins of Scharfen- eck, destroyed by the Swedes in 1634. Beyond a tunnel of 374 yds. the Regnitzthal and Ludwigs-Canal are seen on the left. 2081/2 M. Erlangen (1060ft.; *Schwan; Wallfisch; *Blaue Glocke; beer in the Gute Quelle; Rail. Rest.), with 17,565 inhab. (3500 Rom. Cath.), still partly enclosed by its ancient walls, possesses a University (1000 students, chiefly of medicine and theology), founded in 1743 by Margrave Alexander of Brandenburg-Bayreuth. In front of the building, originally the palace of the margraves, is a Statue of the founder by Schwanthaler. In the market-place op- posite rises the modern Pauli Fountain, with Tritons, Nereids, and bronze figures of Erlanga and Alma Mater. The University Library contains several curiosities, including a Bible with miniatures of the 12th cent., and a valuable collection of drawings by Nether- landish and German masters of the 15-16th cent. (some of them damaged), Dürer being represented by about 20 sketches. The university also contains natural history collections and an ‘aula' with numerous portraits. The beautiful palace-garden, which now belongs to the university, contains several university institutions, chief of which is the Collegienhaus, completed in 1889, with a façade adorned with figures of the four Faculties. Near it are an un- 72 Route 17. scHWEINFURT. From Würzburg finished statue of the Great Elector and a large fountain with 45 sta- tuettes, said to be portraits of the first French refugees who settled here. The Luitpold-Platz is adorned with a bronze statue of Prof. Herz. In the Bahnhof-Platz a tasteful little fountain in bronze. The town owes its regular construction to a fire in 1706, which destroyed most of the houses, and its prosperity mainly to French Protestants, exiled by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685), who transferred their industries hither, and also to German Pro- testants who took refuge here when the French devastated the Palatinate. Beer, brushes, gloves, and combs are the staple pro- “ducts. – Pleasant walks on the Raihsberg and the Burgberg, a spur of the Jura, where a fair is held at Whitsuntide. On the W. slope is the Canal Monument, by Schwanthaler, erected by Ludwig I. in memory of the completion of the Ludwigs-Canal (p. 66), with figures of Danube and Main, Navigation and Commerce. BRANCH LINE (171/2 M., in 2/4 hrs.) to the E. to Gräfenberg, a little town with a Schloss, prettily situated at the foot of the Eberhartsberg, a fine point of view. (Entrance to Franconian Switzerland by the charm- ingly situated Egloſfstein.) - - The line crosses the Ludwigs-Canal to stat. Vach and joins the Würzburg railway (see p. 60); to the right rises the Alte Feste (p. 60). The Regnitz is crossed; fine view of Fürth to the left. 217 M. Fürth, and thence by Doos to (222 M.) Nuremberg, see p. 60. - 17. From Würzburg to Bamberg. Kissingen. RAILWAY to (62 M.) Bamberg in 2-31/2 hrs. From Oberndorf-Schwein- furt to Kissingen, see p. 73. Würzburg, see p. 56. Beyond (5 M.) Rottendorf (p. 60), junc- tion for Nuremberg, the line turns towards the N.E. 101/2 M. Selig- enstadt; 14 M. Bergtheim (watershed, 376 ft. above Würzburg, 257 ft. above Schweinfurt); 17 M. Essleben; 20 M. Weigolshausen, where the direct line to Gemünden (p. 55) diverges (to the left Schloss Werneck, now a lunatic asylum); 23 M. Berg rheinfeld. 264/2 M. Oberndorf-Schweinfurt (Rail. Rest.), junction for the Ge- minden (p. 55) and the Kissingen lines (see below). To the S.E. of Weigolshausen, prettily situated on the Main, lies (5!/2 M.) Ludwigsbad Wipfeld (Kurhaus), with sulphur-springs and peat- baths, etc. Omnibus from Schweinfurt station in 1/2 hr. ; one-horse carr. from Weigolshausen or Seligenstadt 4!/2./. - - - 28 M. Schweinfurt (*Rabe ; *Deutsches Haus; *Krome, nearest the old station; Anker; Löwe), with 13,438 inhab., once a free town of the Empire. Handsome Rathhaus of 1570; Johanniskirche of the 13th cent. ; both recently restored. The Gymnasium, or grammar- school, founded in 1631 by Gustavus Adolphus, was transferred to a handsome new building to the N. of the town in 1881. Engine- works, dye-works, sugar-factories, etc., flourish here. The poet Rückert (d. 1866) was born in the Rückert-Str. in 1788; the house, ~ at the corner next the market, is indicated by a relief. Pleasant & ſcherpe º % - w ºs ſ tenber w grº N. 252 ext N. Mark - a-ºe- 7. - º Ž % // s Saal-Wiesem & ) -- von KISSINGEN. ilometºr 3. ty NS: kissingen, §§§ § 1:9300. º sº \\ and 30 3. o %iº | eter, º §§ % sº º $º H A. B - \\ §º §ºž - ºSºº- 1 Actien-Badhaus . . . B.3.7. Krug-Magazin, . B.3] W urt 2. Conversationssaal & B.248Agi. Post& Tºlºgraphenzºint Arkadenbaw C.1. 3. Kg7. Besirksamt & . . C.1. Mineralquellen. - {jasthäfe, Bade-Commissariat 9. Rakoczy. . . B3. a. Russischer Hof. . . B.3.g. Post . . . . . 4.Kgl. Karhaws . . . B.C.2. 10, Pandur . . . B.3.jb. Hâtel, Fictoria. . . . B.3ſh. Herºs Hºf”. . Kirchert. 11. Mazărunnen B.2. i. Høt. Holzmann . | 5. Kathot. K. . . . C.1.12.3tandbilä Mar II. B.2|d. Hotel Šama. . . B.4.1c. , , Schmitt 6. Protest. K. . . . C.3.13. Theaters. D.2: e-Engl. Hof. . . . C.2.1. , , Zapff. . . f. Wittelsbacher Hof . , C Lim. Hºtel, ºchmidt aph. Anstattvon Wagner & Debes, Leipzig. to Bamberg. KISSINGEN. 17. Route, 73 walk to the chief reservoir of the water-works; also to the Wehr- wäldchen (left bank). The line follows the Main. On the hill to the left is the château of Mainberg. Stations Schonungen (with Schloss Mainberg on the left), Gādheim, Ober-Theres. To the left rises the old château of Theres, founded as a seat of the Babenberg family before 900, con- verted into a monastery in 1043, and dissolved in 1803. Adjacent is a modern château. 414/2 M. Hassfurt (Post), a small watering-place with walls and massive gateway, possesses a fine Gothic chapel, the *Marien-Ca- pelle, or Ritter-Capelle (middle of 15th cent.), restored by Heide- loff. On the outside of the choir is a triple row of the armorial bearings of the members of an ecclesiastical brotherhood of nobles, founded in 1413, which contributed to the cost of building the chapel. Others are carved on the pillars and on the vaulting in the interior (in all 248). - - , Diligence daily in 1 hr. to Königsberg, in the Duchy of Coburg, with 1000 inhab., birthplace of the famous mathematician Johann Müller, sur- named Regiomontanus (d. 1476), to whose memory a fountain was erected here in 1871. To the left of (46.M.) Zeil, another walled town, rises the ruined fortress of Schmachtenberg, erected in 1438, destroyed by Albert of Brandenburg in 1552. On the left bank, opposite (50M.) Ebelsbach, lies the small town of Eltmann, commanded by the ancient watch- tower of the castle of Waldburg, a thousand years old. 54M. Staffel- bach; 58 M. Oberhaid. To the right the towers of St. Michael's, the Altenburg, and lastly Bamberg with the four cathedral-towers be- come visible. The Main is then crossed. . 62 M. Bamberg, see p. 66. FROM OBERNDORF-SCHwBINFURT To KISSINGEN, 141/2 M. (rail- way in 35 min. to 1 hr.). 31/2 M. Oberwerrn; 6 M. Poppenhausen; 81/2 M. Ebenhausen, where the line to Meiningen (p. 76) diverges. We skirt wooded hills, pass the ruin of Bodenlaube (p. 74), and enter the valley in which this famous “Bad” is situated. - 14/2 M. Kissingen. — Hotels. *KURHAUS (Pl. 4), with baths; *HôTEL DE RUSSIE (Pl.: a), expensive; *HôTEL VICTORIA (Pl. b); all adjoining the Kurgarten; *SANNER (Pl. d), in an open situation. — “ENGLISCHER Holº (Pl. e), in the town; Hol.ZMANN (Pl. i.), SCHMITT (PI. K), both on the opposite bank of the Saale; ZAPF (Pl. 1), at the station. — Second-class: WITTELSBACHER HOF (Pl. f), PREUSSIscHER HoF (Pl. h.), Post (Pl. g), WüRT- TEMBERGER HOF, EUROPAISCHER HOF, all in the town, and open in winter also ; HôT. BRAUN (Pl. t.), on the opposite bank. — Hôtels Garmis: Grand Hôtel Garni, by the Kurgarten; G. Hering jun. (Pl. m), Dr. Diruf, Villa Vier Jahreszeiten, Willa Altenberg, Villa Martin, Villa Diana (with res- taur.), Villa Monbijou, Metzger, Erhard, Park Villa, Franconia, Bavaria, Westend-Haus, E. Way, Germania, all préttily situated on the opposite bank of the Saale. In the town: Frau von Balling, Gaetschenberger, with gar- dens; Hailmann, adjoining the Kurgarten; Rieger, Fleischmann, Villa Krampf, G. Diruſ, Fischer, Bernhard, Singer, all in the Kurhaus-Str. Villa Herr- amhof, Villa Elsa, near the station. Less expensive: Richter, D. Way, Gleissner, Fürstenhaus, beyond the Saale; Will, Bergmann, in the town. — & 74 Route 17. RISSINGEN. Restaurant Federbeck; Frühlingsgarten; Schweizerhaus, on the right bank of the Saale; wine at Ziegler's and Dauch's, in the market, Carriage with two horses to the salt-baths 1/2./., to Bocklet 5, Brückenau 45./. ; with one horse one-third less. For short drives in the town and environs there are fiacres with a fixed tariff. Reading Rooms at the Kurhaus (gratis) and at the Kasino by the Actien- Badhaus (adm. for non-subscribers 50 pf.); also Hailmann’s, by the Kur- garten (per week 2/2, per month 6./.). - Theatre (Pl. 13), performances daily during the season. Tax payable by patients whose stay exceeds a week: 30.4. for the head of a family, and 10.4. for each additional person, or 20 and 6./., or 10 and 3.4. respectively, according to the rank of the parties. Children under fifteen and servants pay one-half less. Baths at the Kurhaus and at the new Actien - Badhaus (see below). Bathing-hours 10-1 a.m. and 3–6 p.m. Kissingen (643 ft.), the most frequented watering-place in Ba- varia (4200 inhab.), lies picturesquely in the valley of the Frān- kische Saale, enclosed by wooded hills. The sanatory properties of the waters were known as early as the 16th cent., and the Prince Bishops of Würzburg took the place under their protection; but at the beginning of the present century it was still a mere village. The growing repute of the springs and increasing number of visitors have now converted the place into a handsome and well-built town, which is visited by about 15,000 patients annually, many of whom are English and Russians. - The extensive Kurgarten between the Kurhaus and Kursaal, the principal promenade, is embellished with a Hygeia imparting to the Rakoczy and Pandur their healing influence, and a statue of King Maximilian II., both in marble, by Arnold, a native of the place. On the S. side are the chief drinking-springs, the Rakoczy (300,000 bottles of which are annually exported) and the Pandur, which is also used for baths. On the N. side is the Maarbrunnen, resembling Selters water. From 6 to 8 a.m., the hour for drinking the waters, the Kurgarten presents a lively scene, and a band plays in fine weather. After 8 it is deserted until the afternoon. From 5 to 7 p.m. the band again plays, and the fashionable world re- assembles. - Opposite the garden, on the right bank of the Saale, stands the Actien-Badhaus (Pl. 1), a large edifice of red sandstone, with two wings (left, baths for ladies; right, for gentlemen), and an engine- house in the centre. Adjacent is the new Kasino, with reading- room, restaurant, etc. — A tablet on the house of Dr. Diruf, also on the right bank, commemorates the attempted assassination of Prince Bismarck in 1874 (comp. p. 75). Pretty walk, through the Von der Tann-Strasse and by the Sta- tionsberg, to the ruins of (20 min.) Bodenlaube (p. 73), the S. tower of which dates perhaps from the Roman era. We may return by the road leading through Unterbodenlaube, with its interesting old lime-tree. Well-kept walks lead to the Altenberg, the Staffels- berg (fine view from the Ludwig Tower), the Wichtelshöhlen, the Kaskademthal and Altenburger Haus, the Klaushof, etc. BRÚCKENAU. 17. Route. 75 On 10th July, 1866, Kissingen was the scene of a sharp engagement between the Prussians and Bavarians. The latter were, however, even- tually obliged to yield. Considerable damage was done to several of the principal buildings, to the no small consternation of the visitors. A few pullet-marks may still be observed on the houses on the farther bank of the Saale. Near the cemetery, 1/2 M. from the Kurgarten, is a handsome monument in memory of the fallen. The Saline Springs with the extensive evaporating-sheds, situat- ed on the Saale, 11/2 M. to the N., are reached by walks on both banks. An omnibus runs to the springs every 40 min. (fare 30, return-fare 50 pf.), and small steamboats on the Saale, starting above the stone-bridge, also ply thither. A handsome bath-house (Salinenbad) has been erected over the *Artesian Well, which is 330 ft. in depth (containing two per cent of salt; temperature 63% Fahr.) and frequently rises to a height of 10 ft. in its covered reser– voir. Near it is a Statue of Prince Bismarck, who has frequently visited the Alte Saline, 4/4 M. farther on. - At the village of Hausen, 3/4. M. farther, is the Schönbornssprudel, a shaft upwards of 2000 ft. in depth, by which it was intended to reach an extensive stratum of salt. The work has, however, been given up, as it injured the other mineral springs at Kissingen. A square tower, 100 ft. in height, built over the shaft, is open to visitors from 4 to 6 p.m. Bocklet, another watering-place with powerful chalybeate springs and mud-baths (about 350 patients annually), is prettily situated on the Saale, 6 M. to the N. of Kissingen. Rooms at the Kurhaus, in *Schlereth’s Hotel, etc. . Between the Kurhaus and the Badhaus with its Trinkhalle are pleasant grounds with fine old trees. *Schloss Aschach, on the Saale, 3/4 M. to the S. of Bocklet, restored in the mediaeval style, the property of Count Luxburg, contains a collection of old goblets, carving, etc. (fee). — Attractive excursion through the Saale- thal to (6 M.) Weustadt (see below). - * The third of these Franconian baths (201/2 M. from Kissingen; diligence daily in 5 hrs.) is Bad Brückenau (Kurhotel and Kur- häuser, R. 1-4, D. 2.4. : Schloss-Hotel; Hot. Füglein, open the whole year; Villa Knell, Villa Heil, Sinnthalhof), in the grassy valley of the Sinn, enclosed by wooded hills, 2 M. to the W. of the little town of Brückenau (Post). Handsome Kursaal in the Italian style, built in 1827–33, with restaurant and public rooms. The Stahl, Wernarzer, and Sinnberger Springs, impregnated with car- bonic acid, are beneficial in cases of poverty of blood, indigestion, kidney disease, etc. About 1400 patients annually. Visitors’ tax 5 J/4. ; band-subscription 2 M. weekly. Beautiful walks in the environs. Shady paths with views (Ludwigs- platz, Washingtonplatz, Amalien ruhé, etc.) lead to the N. through the Harthwald to (1/2 hr.) Kloster Volkersberg; to the W. to (2 hrs.) Schwar- Żenfels, with its old castle; to the S. by the Sinnberg to the (2 hrs.) Drei- spitzenberg (2166 ft.), with belvedere tower. — Finest of all the excur- Sions is the ascent of the Kreuzberg (2750 ft.), the highest of the Rhön Mts., crowned with a Franciscan monastery (to the N.E., 4 hrs.). Road, following the Sinn, as far as (7 M.) Wildflecken; thence to the top (with guide) in 11/2 hr. Extensive view of N. Franconia as far as the Fichtel- gebirge, and W. as far, as the Taunus. The hills around Würzburg and the Steigerwald close the view towards the S., and the Thuringian Forest and the hills Of Fulda to the N. 76 Route 18. BAYREUTH. From Neuenmarkt Jossa, a station on the Fulda-Gemünden railway (p. 55), is reached by diligence from Brückenau (thrice daily) in 23/4 (from the Bad 21/4) hrs. FROM KISSINGEN TO MEININGEN, 46 M. (rail in 3 hrs.). 51/2 M. Eben- hausen (p. 78); the line diverges here to the left from the Schweinfurt railway, and leads by Rottershausen to (18 M.) Münnerstadt (* Frönkischer Iłof), a Small town on the Lauer, with an interesting church in the tran- Sition style. 21 M. Wiederlauer. 24 M. Neustadt (* Goldner Mann), an an- tiquated town prettily situated on the Saale. Near it (3/4 M.) is the *Salz- bºg, an ancient palace probably built by Charlemagne, now one of the largest and most picturesque ruins in Germany. At the foot of the hill lies Bad Weuhaus, with salt and carbonic acid springs. [FROM NEUSTADT To BISCHOFSHEIM, 12 M. (rail in 11/2 hr.). The line traverses the wooded Brendthal, passing Brendlorenzen (with a venerable church, Said to have been erected by King Carloman in 770), Schönau, and Wegfurt. Bischofsheim (Stern; Löwe) ‘vor der Rhön", an ancient town with 1500 inhab., lies at the N. foot of the Kreuzberg (see above), which may be ascended hence viä. Hasselbach in 11/2-2 hrs.] - A little beyond Neustadt the line quits the Saalethal and turns to the left into the valley of the Strew. Stations Unsleben; Mellrichstadt, with an Old Church disfigured by restoration. 39 M. Rentwertshausen. The train here crosses the low watershed between the Saale and the Werra, and descends to (41. M.) Ritschenhausen and (481/2 M.) Meiningen (see Baedeker’s M. Germany). . From Kissingen to Gemünden vià Hammelburg, see p. 55. 18. From Neuenmarkt to Weiden. The Fichtelgebirge. 49 M. RAILWAY to Bayreuth, 28-40 min.; from Bayreuth to Weiden, 11/2- 2 hrs. Express from Bayreuth to Munich, G/2 hrs. Neuenmarkt, see p. 65. Our line turns to the S., and runs through the broad valley of the Rothe Main to (3 M.) Trebgast, then through a narrow valley, which afterwards expands. 4 M. Harsdorf; 101/2 M. Bindlach. Near Bayreuth extensive meadows are traversed. Avenues of poplars on the left, and the Wagner Theatre and the large lunatic asylum on the right are conspicuous. The suburb of St. Georgen is passed. At the station is a large Cotton-factory. - 121 M. Bayreuth. – Hotels. *SoNNE, Richard-Wagner-Str., R. from 2, D. 2./.; *ANKER, Opern-Str.; *REICHSADLER, Maximilian-Str.: SCHWAR- ZES Ross, Ludwigs-Str., unpretending. - Restaurants. Beer at Angermann's, Kanzlei-Str., and Friedel's, Markt 86; Meyer, Maximilian-Str. (wine); *Café Samet, with garden. Baths. Bad Rosenau; Funk; Städtische Bade- und Schwimmanstalt, all in the Ziegelgasse. Post Office, at the railway-station. — Telegraph Office, Markt 80. Cabs. Per drive in the town (1/4 hr.), with one horse, 1-2 pers. 40, 3-4 pers. 60 pf. ; with two horses 50 or 75 pf. To the Wägner Theatre and the Bürgerreuth 2./Z., with two horses 3./4. ; to Rollwenzelei, Ober- konnersreuth, or Geigenreuth (a farm adjoining the Phantasie Park) 2 or 3 :/.3 to the Eremitage 3./., with two horses 4-5.4. ; to the Phantasie, 4-6./4. Gratuities included in these fares. Porter in the town or to the station, for 33 lbs. 15 pf., for 110 lbs. 20 pf. All charges are raised during the Wagner festivals. Bayreuth (1180 ft.), with 24,364 inhab. (3300 Rom. Cath.), the capital of Upper Franconia, residence of the Margraves of Branden- burg-Culmbach from 1603 to 1769, is mainly indebted for its pre- to Weidem, BAYREUTH. 18. Route. 77 sent appearance to Margrave Christian (d. 1655), who transferred his seat from Kulmbach hither, to George William (d. 1726), and to Frederick (d. 1763), husband of Wilhelmine, the talented sister of Frederick the Great. Under the last-named prince many hand- some buildings were erected. The Bayreuth line became extinct in 1769, and the principality fell to the Ansbach family. Margrave Alexander ceded his rights to Prussia in 1791; in 1806–10 the prin- cipality was under the French sway, and has since belonged to Bavaria. Very few of the older buildings have survived the siege of the Hussites in 1430, and a conflagration in 1621. . The Old Palace (Pl. 1), begun in 1454, burned down in 1758, and soon after rebuilt, is now occupied by public offices. The octagonal Tower, erected in 1603, with a remarkably fine double spiral staircase, affords a good survey of the environs (key at the sacristan's, Richard-Wagner-Str. 291; fee 30 pf.). The Palace Church is Roman Catholic. In front of the Palace rises a Statue of Maasimilian II. in bronze, by Brugger, erected on the 50th anni- versary of the union of the principality with the kingdom of Bavaria. The New Palace (Pl. 2), a long building with wings, now a royal residence, was erected in 1753. The Palace Garden and Park are used as public promenades. At the end, on the right, is a drill- ground. The large Fountain in front of the Palace bears an eques- trian Statue of Margrave Christian Ernest (d. 1712), a marshal in the imperial service, erected in 1700. The four river-gods in sand- stone at the foot of the pedestal, seated on lion, griffin, horse, and bull, represent the four rivers (Main, Nab, Saale, Eger) which rise in the Fichtelgebirge. ".. In front of the Gymnasium rises Schwanthaler's Statue of Jean Paul Richter (d. 1825; Pl. 3), whose house in the Friedrichs- Strasse (6th on the right) bears an inscription. He and his son are buried in the Cemetery to the W. of the town, their grave being marked by a large block of granite. The Gothic Stadtpfarrkirche (Prot.; Pl. 4), begun in 1439, con- tains several pictures by Riedel, a native of Bayreuth. Beneath the church is the Fürstengruft, in which most of the princes from the 17th to the 18th cent. are interred. Opposite the church is the deanery, beyond which are the handsome government buildings. The Opera House (Pl. 5), erected by Margrave Frederick in 1747, is one of the handsomest buildings in the town. - The principal street is embellished with several fountains. Many of the houses possess handsome oriel windows. – The House of Richard Wagner, Richard-Wagner-Strasse 2831/2, built in 1873–74 by Wölfle, bears the inscription: ‘Hier wo mein Wäh- men Frieden fand, Wahnfried sei dieses Haus von mir benannt’. Above is a sgraffito by Krausse, representing Wotan as a wan- derer. Wagner (d. 1883) is buried in the garden. — In the Ro- man Catholic Cemetery is the grave of Franz Liszt (d. 1886), 78 Route 18. BAYREUTH. To the N. of the town, 3/4 M. from the station, is the Bürger- reuth, a restaurant which commands a fine view of Bayreuth and the environs. The curiously shaped peak to the E. is the Rauhe Kulm near Neustadt. Above Bayreuth rises the Sophienberg (or Kulmberg); more to the right are the Lindenhardt and Volsbach forests, the spurs of the Franconian Jura. On the hill below the Bürgerreuth stands the Wagner Theatre, where the ‘Nibelungen- ring' was first performed in 1876 and ‘Parsifal' in 1882. Above the Bürgerreuth to the N. towers the Hohe Warte, on which rises the Siegesthurm (1526 ft.) in memory of the war of 1870–71, com— manding an extensive view. ge ! St. Georgen, commonly called the ‘Brandenburger', situated on a hill to the N.E., is a suburb of Bayreuth, founded by Margr. George William at the beginning of the 18th century. The road to it passes through a tunnel below the railway, beyond which, on the left, is the large Cotton Factory mentioned at p. 76. The road divides here. The branch to the right, a maple and chestnut avenue, flanked with handsome modern houses, leads to St. Georgen. The linden avenue to the left, planted in 1723, leads past a large spinn- ing-mill (left), the new District Prison (right), and the St. Georgen Howse of Correction (left), to the Military Hospital, once the chapter-house of the knights of an ‘Ordre de la Sincérité", instituted in 4712 by Margr. George William. The meetings of the order were held in the church of St. Georgen, built in 1705-18. The balu- strade of the gallery is adorned with the arms of the knights down to 1767. — At the other end of the principal street is the Abbey Church of Gravenreuth. - . The Eremitage, 3 M. to the E. of Bayreuth, a château with gardens, fountains, artificial ruins, etc., was erected by George William in 1715. It contains a number of family-portraits, including Frederick the Great, as a child, and as king, and his sister the Margravine Wilhelmine, who wrote her memoirs here; among those in the lower part of the Schloss is that of the Countess Orlamünde (the ‘White Lady", p. 65). In the vicinity is the ‘Grosse Bassin,” an imitation of that at Versailles, surrounded by a temple of the Sun and its two detached wings. The walls of these buildings are fantastically inlaid with coloured stones, rock-crystal, etc. The interior of the temple is sumptuously fitted up, and contains handsome columns of striped marble. Between the château itself and the offices (now a restaurant) is a pretty garden. Adjacent are the Roman theatre and the large water-tower, containing 1000 gallons of water for the fountains. The water-works play on Sundays about 5 p.m. (adm. gratis) and may be seen at other times for a fee of 2./. • About halfway to the Eremitage, at the point where the road turns at a right angle to the N., is a small inn, called Rollwenzel’s Haus, with a room where Jean Paul Richter used to write, containing some memorials Of him. - a - The Phantasie, a château 31/2 M. to the W. of Bayreuth, built in 1758 and tastefully fittéd up, the seat of Duke Alex. of Wurtemberg (d. 1881) from 1828 to 1881, is charmingly situated on a richly wooded hill, near the village of Eckersdorf. The gardens and park, with bath-house, phea- Santry, fountains, etc., are kept in excellent order. The grounds attract numerous visitors from Bayreuth (* Hôtel Fantaisie, by the park). — In the vicinity is St. Gilgenberg, a lunatic asylum, prettily situated. Eckersdorf lies on the direct route to the Franconian Switzerland ! BAYRE UT H. §º * ..., Fl. 2.sº ...,\!" \ {{{{ º is .\, ..." .. "ſl. " “- - & - - º º fº § Ø º º *_º §3. ...” ~. wº % : º3% \\\\\%: "" tº ğ.- " ... ... Z & Nºwy : %\\ . . - W \\ 6\\ * \\ {{\ ([iſ] & & % £ Ž 62. 2. & 3% ". sº [º - ckt ors T | DAS *ś sciêerg ...ºb * Lichtenbergº ºn º-º-º- ºr " FICHTELGEBIRGE →º T-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º-º- ~ º - - - - - - - - º - º - ºte --- - º º º - - - º º º --- - - - - - - º - L: 500.000 º - º - - - o -. º * 0. 2 4. 6 8 10 12 1+ º - º - -ljº -- º º --- - - e - E-E- = - - º º º - - --- º - º ...º. kilometer Horwº º - Nº. ºritzjº - - | 6 Städte oMärkie o Dörfer. Ruine º º - sº - | – Eisenbahn w. Station. 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Kirchenlaibach (junction for the Nuremberg and Eger Railway, p. 97). 29 M. Kemnath-Neustadt; on the right the Rauhe Kulm (see above), on the left the S. Spurs of the Fich- telgebirge. We follow the valley of the Heidemab. 82 M. Trabitz; 36 M. Pressath; 391/9 M. Schwarzenbach; thence through extensive pine-forests (Parksteiner and Mantler Wald) to (411/2 M.) Park- steinhütten and (49 M.) Weiden (p. 119). - The Fichtelgebirge. DILIGENCE once daily from Bayreuth to (91/2 M.) Berneck in 2 hrs. From stat. Markt-Schorgast (p. 64) to (31/2 M.) Berneck omnibus twice daily in 40 min, - From Berneck through the Goldmühlthal (valley of the Weisse Main) to Bischofsgrün, diligence daily in 18/4 hr. (carr. 6-8.4., incl. fee). Then on foot over the Ochsenkopf and Schneeberg to Weissenstadt in 6 hrs. — Walk to the top of the Waldstein and back (21/2 hrs.); drive from Weissenstadt by Wunsiedel to the Aleaxandersbad in 2 hrs. ; ascend the Luisenburg with guide, and return to Wunsiedel (8 hrs.). From Wunsiedel by train in 10 min. to Holenbrunn, on the Fichtelgebirge Railway, p. 118. — Carriage and pair from Bayreuth to Alexandersbad by Berneck, Bischofs- grün, Weissenstadt, and Wunsiedel in 8-9 hrs., 40-45./4. — Guides (4-5 J/4. per day) are seldom required, as the German Alpine Club and local asso- ciations have made paths and provided finger-posts. Bayreuth, see p. 76. The road leads through St. Georgen (p. 78) to (3 M.) Bindlach (p. 76), where it begins to ascend. Fine view as we look back on Bayreuth. Near Berneck we cross the Weisse Main. 91/9 M. Berneck (1280 ft.; *Löwe ; *Hirsch; *Post, D. 1.4. 30 pf.; Stadt Bayreuth; restaurants of Bube, with rooms to let, and Schmidt; or apply for rooms to Hr. Körbitz, the apothecary), pictur- esquely situated in a narrow valley watered by the Oelsnitz, is a favourite summer-resort. In the main street is the Kurhaws, with reading-room, music-room, and restaurant. On the Oelsnitz, at the foot of the Schlossberg, is the Kwr-Kolonnade, where a band plays several times a week. (Visitors' tax for a stay of more than four days, 5 A.) On the steep hill above the town are the ruins of two casties and of a chapel. A pleasant path along the Oelsnitz grad- ually ascends the wooded hill in 20 min. to the Obere Burg (1548 ft.), destroyed by the Hussites in 1430. Fine view hence; still finer from the Engelsburg, 10 min. farther on. Another excursion is to (3/4 hr.) the ruined castle of Stein, ro- mantically situated in the valley of the Oelsnitz. Thence we may walk through the valleys of the Oelsnitz and the Lübnitz, past the ruin of Grünstein to (3/4 hr.) Gefrees (p. 64). — Pearl-mussels are found in the Oelsnitz and neighbouring brooks in June and & uly (about 200 annually). The pearl-fishery is the property of the TOWI). - 80 Route 18. BISCHOFSGRÜN. Omnibus from Berneck to Markt-Schorgast and Bischofsgrün, see above. Carriage and pair 12-15.4, a day, or 6-8.4. for half a day, incl. gratuity. — Himmelkron, mentioned at p. 64, lies 4 M. to the W. The NEw Road from Berneck by Goldmühl to (9 M.) Bischofs- grün crosses the Oelsnitz. (On the hill-side is the arboretum Blüchersruhe, with its belvedere.) It then leads to the left through the *Goldmühlthal, or valley of the Weisse Main, to the Glasen- mühle (see below), passing a chalybeate spring 11/2 M. before reach- ing Bischofsgrün. The shorter, but less interesting Footpath, on the E. side of the valley, at first ascends rapidly; then, generally level, leads through wood, passing (3/4 hr.) Bårnreut (1700 ft.). Thence it partly follows the road to (11/4 hr.) Wilfersreut (2296 ft.), de- scends by the Weisse Main to the Glasenmühle (1952 ft.), and lastly ascends again to (1 hr.) Bischofsgrün (2225 ft.; *Schmidt; Puchtler), a village conspicuously situated at the N. base of the Ochsenkopf, almost entirely rebuilt since a great fire in 1887, with large manufactories of beads. * The path to the Ochsenkopf (3363 ft.; ascent 1 hr.; guide not indispensable: Ochsenkopf 2./., Ochsenkopf and Schneeberg 4./4.) leads through wood, and except at one place, the ascent is gradual. At the top it traverses blocks of granite and passes the Schneeloch, a hollow where snow lies till June. From the Dreiadelsfelsen and the slab with the ox's head we gain an extensive view of the Fich- telgebirge, Franconian Switzerland, etc., including the Thuringian Forest to the N.W. F. The route by Warmensteinach to Bischofsgrün and the Ochsenkopf, 2 hrs. longer than the above, is preferable. The road quits the valley of the Main beyond Goldmühl, and ascends to the right in the valley of the Zoppatenbach to (20 min.) Brandholz. The antimony, lead, and silver mines once largely worked here, as numerous heaps of rubbish still testify, are now exhausted. About 1/2 hr. beyond Brandholz we cross a meadow and ascend the road. In a few minutes more, where the path divides, that to the left leads to (11/4 hr.) Warmensteinach (2065 ft.; Lindner’s Inn), prettily situated. The shingle-roofed houses lie scattered along the slopes of the upper valley of the Steinach. Glass-making and glass-polishing are the chief industries. A road leads hence through the Löchle (or Moosbachthal), a romantic wooded ravine, to (1 hr.) Grassemann (2405 ft. ; the innkeeper Weisflag recommended as a guide to the Ochsenkopf and the environs), situated on an open plateau. Thence either to Bischofsgrün in 11/2 hr., or direct to the summit of the Ochsenkopf (see above; path indicated by white marks; guide not necessary). From the Ochsenkopf by a good and distinct path (observe short- cut to the right just beyond the finger-post), we descend the saddle to the E., which connects the Ochsenkopf and Schneeberg; 20 min., Source of the Main (Weissmainquelle; 2940 ft.), an excellent spring, the only one for a long distance (benches; inscription); 10 min., the Weissmainfelsen (3050 ft.), a group of rocks affording a fine view of the Schneeberg and Nusshard, and towards the S. The Bischofsgrün and Fichtelberg road, in the valley which separates the Schneeberg from the Ochsenkopf, is now followed to (3/4 M.) Weiss- main-Hochofen or Karches (2440 ft.; beer). We here enter the WEISSENSTADT. 18. Route. 81 wood to the left, and ascend to (1 hr.) the *Nusshard (3190 ft.), a group of huge blocks of granite rendered accessible by steps. The nine round hollows on the top of the rock are called ‘the plates and dishes'. The (1/2 hr.) Schneeberg (3454 ft.) is crowned with a group of rocks, 30 ft. high, named the Backöfele (‘oven'), rendered acces- sible by a ladder. On the top is a hut built by the German Alpine Club. *Panorama uninterrupted, except towards the S.W. by the Ochsenkopf: to the S.E. is the Kösseine, to the left the Luisen- burg; N.E. the Erzgebirge in the distance; N. the Rudolfstein, Weissenstadt, and the Waldstein; N.W. the Thuringian Mts, and the Gleichberge. We now descend in 40 min. to the ‘Drei Brüder’ (2736 ft.), three lofty groups of granite slabs, that in the middle resembling a wolf; 7 min., the *Rudolfstein (2848 ft.), a huge and imposing group of granite rocks, ascended by steps, commanding a superb view. We next descend through wood, passing the Staff-Reizenstein monum- ent, to the (1/2 hr.) plain and (11/2 M.) Weissenstadt. Before cross- ing the Eger we observe several rock cellars on the left. Weissenstadt (2070 ft.; Reichsadler, or Post), a small town rebuilt since a fire in 1823, lies in a somewhat marshy valley, on the Eger, which rises 6 M. to the S.W. Ackermann's stone- polishing works enjoy a high reputation. The *Grosse Waldstein (2886 ft.) may be ascended from Weissenstadt in 1 hr. (without guide). By the barns on the N. Side of Weissenstadt, the path diverges from the Kirchenlamitz road to the left and leads into the wood to a (3/4 hr.) finger-post on the left, “Zum Waldstein", 1/4 hr. more. This is another group of granite rocks made accessible by paths and steps, and crowned with an iron pavilion; extensive and picturesque *Panorama, with wooded foreground. The castle of Waldstein, of which fragments remain, a robbers’ stronghold, was destroyed by the Swabian League in 1523. Adjacent is the finely situated Waldstein Hospice (*Inn). — We may now descend to the Source of the Saale (2312 ft.), either direct by the Bärenfang (path pointed out by the forester) in 1/2 hr., or by (1/2 hr.) Zell (2020 ft.), and thence to the S. to the spring in 1/2 hr. more. Thence 3/4 hr. more to the Gefrees and Weissenstadt road. From Zell or from the Waldstein to Münchberg (rail. Stat., p. 64), 2 hrs. A distinct path, diverging to the left from the Weissenstadt road at the clearing, leads from the Waldstein to the (13/4 hr.) Epprechtstein (2600 ft.), with a ruined castle and a beautiful view ; thence by Buchhaus (refreshm.), or direct, to (3/4 hr.) Kirchenlamitz (*Löwe ; Adler), 1/2 M. from the stat., p. 119. - The shadeless road from Weissenstadt to (5 M.) Wunsiedel is unattractive to walkers. (Carr. and pair to Alexandersbad in 11/2 hr., 7-8.4. diligence to Röslau, p. 119, twice daily in 11/4 hr.) Wunsiedel (1755ft.; *Kronpring; Einhorn, R. 1.4., B. 50 pf.; Müller's Restaurant; one-horse carr, to Alexandersbad 3, two-horse 4.4. ; guide to the Luisenburg 2, to the Kösseine and Luisenburg 3 J/4.), a pleasant, well-built town with 3700 inhab., on the Rösla or Rösslau, rebuilt after a fire in 1834, was the birthplace of Jean Paul Friedrich Richter (p. 77), whose bust by Schwanthaler has been placed in front of the house where he was born, adjoining the church. BAEDEKER's S. Germany. 7th Edit. 6 82 Route 19. STREITBERG. The Alexandersbad (1945 ft.; *Chalybeate Baths and Hydro- pathic, the property of a company, D. 2/2 24, ; *Hôtel Weber, also with pine-cone baths, D. 11/2 2/4.), 2 M. to the N.E. of Wunsiedel, is named after the last Margrave of Ansbach-Bayreuth. The chaly- beate springs and the pine-cone and mud-baths, combined with the pleasant scenery, attract numerous visitors. The “Luisenburg (1962 ft.), the most striking point in the environs, so named after the visit of Queen Louisa of Prussia in 1805, formerly called Juarburg, with a few traces of an old castle, lies 11/3 M. to the W. of the Alexandersbad and 2 M. to the S. of Wunsiedel. (Guide desirable : from Wunsiedel or from Alexandersbad to the Luisenburg 2, to the Luisenburg and Kösseine 3./.) The Luisenburg is, as it were, a mountain in ruins. Huge masses of granite of fantastic form are piled together in wild con- fusion, the result of disintegration; they are partly overgrown with thick moss (“luminous"), interspersed with pines and bushes, and are rendered accessible by steps, bridges, etc. At the entrance to the labyrinth is the Gesellschaftshaus, with a restaurant (2255 ft.). This rocky labyrinth affords a beautiful walk, ascending in ſº hr. to the Bundesstein or Kreuz. The finest point is the *Burgstein (2858 ft.), 20 min. farther, a group of rocks on the top of the hill, with a platform. affording a panorama towards the N.E. and W. - The *Haberstein (2785 ft.), 1/4 hr, farther, is another good point of view. The * Kösseine (3084 ft.), 3/4 hr. from the Haberstein (11/2 hr. direct from Alexandersbad) commands the finest and most extensive view in the Fich- telgebirge, embracing the greater part of the Upper Palatinate towards the S. (Temple at the top; a little below it is a large refuge-hut, where re- freshments may be had; good water 10 min. below the summit on the E. side.) — From this point a path leads by the Mätzen and the Platte to (2 hrs.) Silberhaus (forester’s house, with two beds), whence we may ascend by the forester's house of (1 hr.) Seehaus to the Nusshard and the (1 hr.) Schneeberg (p. 81). RAILway in 10 min, from Wunsiedel to (24/4. M.) Holenbrunn on the Fichtelgebirge Railway (p. 119). 19. Franconian Switzerland. Comp. Map, Ap. 67. The small hilly district dignified with this title (1600 ft. above the sea-level), with its pretty valleys watered by the Wiesent, its wooded heights, forming the W. Spurs of the Fichtelgebirge, and lying nearly in the centre of a triangle formed by Nuremberg, Bamberg, and Bayreuth, owes its repu- tation chiefly to its STALACTITE CAVERNs, containing remains of antedilu- vian animals, specimens of which are preserved in almost every museum in Europe. The “Jura' limestone and dolomite rock-formations are also picturesque, occasionally assuming the most grotesque shapes. The finest points are accessible to walkers only. A guide (seldom ne- cessary) may generally be procured for 2-3.4%. per day. Post OMNIBUS from Forchheim to Streitberg twice daily in summer, in 2/4 hrs. ; to Muggendorf, 28/4 hrs. ; from Muggendorf to Pottenstein vià Behringersmühle and Gössweinstein, 2/3 hrs., to Waischenfeld, 3 hrs. ; from Pottenstein to Pegnitz (railway-station, see p. 97), twice daily in 18/4 hr. - From Forchheim (rail. stat., see p. 71; railway to Ebermannstadt in course of construction) the high-road (one-horse carr. 5./4.) leads through the pleasant Wiesentthal, by Reut, Unterweilersbach (to the right are Kirchehrnbach and Pretsfeld), Rüssenbach, Ebermannstadt, and Gasseldorf, to — . 101/3 M. Streitberg (“Dr. Köttnitz's Kuranstalt, baths and whey- MUGGENDORF. 19. Route. 83 cure, recommended for some stay, R. 51/2–14.4. per week, D. 2.4.; *Goldener Löwe, or Post, with garden, moderate; Adler), a pic- turesquely situated village, frequented as a summer-resort (visitors' tax 3./., families 5 A.). Pretty walk to the (1/4 hr.) Muschel– quelle. Fine views from the (10 min.) ancient Streitburg and the (3/4 hr.) ruin of Neudeck, opposite; still finer from the Hummerstein, 3/4 hr. to the W., on which is a refuge-hut (key at the inn at Gasseldorf), and the Guckhüll, 1 hr. to the N.E. Pleasant excur- sions through the *Lange Thal and the “Felsenschlucht’ to the (1 hr.) Schönsteinhöhle, a grotto with fine stalactites (guide for one pers. 1./., for several 40 pf, each), and through the Leinleiter- Thal to (1 hr.) Unterleinleiter, with a fine park of Baron Seckendorf. The road goes on from Streitberg, on the right bank of the Wiesent, to (2/2 M.) Muggendorf (*Kurhaus & Hotel zur Fränk- ischen Schweiz, D. 11/22/4.; *Stern, R. 1.4., D. 1.4. 40, B. 45 pf.; Wolfsschlucht, with reading-room; Schwan, Sonne, Türkei, less pretending; restaurants Rosenau and Erholung, with pretty views; Kohlmann), prettily situated, and a good centre for excursions. (Christoph Brendel is a good guide; 2.4. per day.) Shady prome- nades on the opposite bank of the Wiesent. Below Muggendorf (1/2 hr.) is the Rosenmüller's Höhle, the entrance to which is visible to the left from the road (guide, usually at the cave, and lights for 1-6 pers., 2./4.). It contains fine stalactites and fossil remains of animals. The Oswaldshöhle (1/2 hr.) may be visited also, if time permit. Near it are the Wundershöhle and Witzenhöhle. The latter is said to contain a heathen altar (?). The Kuppenburg, near the Rosenmüller’s Höhle, the Hohenstein, and the *Hohe Wacht, above the Oswaldshöhle, are good points of view. The Wichsenstein, the highest point of the Franconian Switzer- land, commanding an extensive panorama, may be ascended from Muggen- dorf in 21/2 hrs., vià Windisch-Gailenreuth. In the Trubachthal, 3 M. to the S., is the picturesque château of Egloffstein (p. 72). - At Muggendorf the road divides. The branch to the right leads to the S.E. through the Wiesentthal past (3 M.) the picturesque little château of Burggailenreuth (p. 84; to the right, on the hill), and the (3 M.) Stempfermühle (p. 84), with the Drei Quellen, whence Gössweinstein, on the height to the right, may be reached in 3/4 hr., to (3/4M.) Behringersmühle (*Post, R. 1.4.; *Hartmann), a village much frequented as a summer-resort, charmingly situ- ated at the junction of the Gössweinsteiner Thal, the Schauderthal, the Ailsbachthal, and the Püttlachthal. The Pfaffenstein, 1/2 hr. to the W., commands a fine view. — The road to the left crosses the hills towards the E. to (3 M.) Doos (see below). From this road another leads to the right, just beyond Muggendorf, to (2 M.} Engelhardsberg (Wunder; key of the Riesenburg, see below), 10min. from which rise the bold Adlerstein, a splendid point of view, and the (10 min.) Quakenschloss, a jagged grauwacke rock (whence we return by Engelhardsberg). To the N. of the village rises the (1/4 hr.) * Riesenburg, a wild group of dolomite rocks rendered accessible by paths and bridges (adm. 50 pf., 2 pers. 35 pf. each, 3-4 pers. 25 pf, each, 5 or more pers. 20 pf, each). Charming view 6 :}; 84 Route 19. GöSSWEINSTEIN. of the *Schotter or Schauder-Thal, also called the Engelhardsberger Thal, watered by the Wiesent, one of the most beautiful valleys in this district. At the S. end, 3/4 hr. from the Riesenburg, lies Beh- ringersmühle (see above). We descend into this walley, turn to the left, and in 1/4 hr. reach the Toos or Doos Inn (unpretending), where a key of the Riesenburg is also kept. Here begins the picturesque Rabenecker Thal, watered by the Wiesent. We quit the road (which goes on to Waischenfeld, 2 M.} at a mill (18/4 M.), and beyond the Wiesent ascend to the right, on the left side of the partly preserved Burg Rabeneck, to a lofty plain ; then take the path to the left by the wood, turning off to the right after a few yards, and passing -(25 min.) Schönhof, reach (1/2 hr.) Burg Rabenstein (Inn), a pinnacled castle restored in 1829, looking down upon the Ahornthal, 160 feet below. In the latter, at the foot of the hill, lies the Neumühle (Restaur.). The custodian shows the remains of antediluvian animals found in the caves, and conducts the visitor to the ("/4 hr.) Sophienhöhle or Raben- stein Gavern, the most interesting in the district owing to the abun- dance of the fossil bones and the perfection of the stalactites it contains. An hour is required to explore it (fee 3-4 J/. ; full illumination 9 A.; magnesium wire 40 pf. extra for each of the three chambers). The Ludwigs- höhle on the opposite side of the Ahornthal hardly merits a visit. We may now cross the hill separating the Ahornthal and Wiesentthal to (1 hr.) Waischenfeld (1146 ft. ; Görl; Hoffmann), pleasantly situated on the Wiesent, and environed with watch-towers and ruined castles. The Förstershöhlé (20 min. ; key at Görl's Inn ; one pers. 1.4., each additional visitor 50 pf.), a dome-shaped vault, contains fine stalactites. – Post-Omni- bus hence to Bayreuth (p. 76), daily in 4/4 hrs. (2.4.). Walkers may go from Rabenstein across the table-land direct in 2 hrs. to Pottenstein (see below): by the Neumühle (see above) we cross the bridge and ascend to the left to Zaupenberg; then, leaving the villages of Ailsdorf and Kleinlesau on the right (see finger-posts), we reach, beyond Waidmannsgesess, the road leading from Oberailsdorf to Pottenstein. — To reach (2 hrs.) Behringersmühl we return for a few hundred paces on the Schönhof road, then take the Oberailsdorf footpath to the left (whence a direct path leads to Tüchersfeld, see below), and follow the path through the pretty and sequestered valley of the Ailsbach. From Behringersmühl to Tüchersfeld and Gössweinstein, see below. - The road from Muggendorf to Pottenstein crosses the Wiesent at Behringersmühl and again divides: the road to the right ascends rapidly to (1/2 hr.) Gössweinstein (Distler, with garden; Amschler “Zur Fränk. Schweiz'; Gold. Adler; Löwe ; Rose), where there is a large pilgrimage-church with a Franciscan monastery, and a Schloss. The Schloss, the Kreuz behind the church, and the Wagnershöhe, all command a *View of the greater part of the Franconian Switzer- land, including the valleys of the Ailsbach, Wiesent, and Püttlach, which converge at Behringersmühl. Through the grounds in the government forest we descend in 1/2 hr. to the Stempfermühle (p. 83), and thence reach Muggendorf in 2 hrs. Near Burggailenreuth (p. 83), 11/2 hr. to the W. of Gössweinstein, is the Gailenreuther Höhle, or Zoolith Cavern (the forester at Baron Horneck V. Weinheim’s Schloss dispenses modest refreshments and shows the cav- ºrm : 1-3 pers. 1.4., 4-6 pers. 50 pf. each, larger parties 25 pf, each ; light 40 pf. for each pers.), which has attained a European celebrity owing to the investigations of Esper, Rosenmüller, Cuvier, and Goldfuss. It consists of three or four stories, one above the other, each containing chambers filled with numerous remains of bears, lions, wolves, hyaenas, etc. These wild beasts probably lived in the caves to which they brought their prey, H. E. S. M. US EU M. o SS O - " t" ‘e Miltºn - º º º: º º Haunºsaul inheims - - I º xx halle - Hi- xiii Grabidenkmäler d. 11 Jahrh. xv. - - wº zoº x H. sch ---- - > - hem. 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NU R N B E R G iſ . in sºlº ſº..." - - - - - 1, 13.529 - - -- - in Rahºh-of- - des Direr-Vereins. 3oo. - --> g h of - - 8. Petersensche Hazs. Meter. - gen no º 9. Wohnº/fans Sachs . . A forge, - 10. Wohn/tº Peterºscher . A TV-on- G. E. R. M. A. N. L. S. C. H. E. S. M U. S. EU M. E. R. S. T E R S T O C. K. gallerie LV-111 x Liv | x-y | Kºwl XLVI Re ---- Lwn - - - - - º - º - º - º - - - e º E. -- - - - - i : Musikal. Instrumente : i 5 LXxiw I LXXIII ------------- º Kunste NUREMBER(#. 20. Route. 85 and where they afterwards themselves died. There are several other cav- erns here of the same character, such as the Kapps-Höhle (difficult of access), containing beautiful stalactites. Scientific men are recommended to visit these interesting caves; the ordinary traveller will probably be satisfied with the Sophienhöhle (p. 83). — From Burggailenreuth a new path descends rapidly through the Wiesentthal to (11/4 hr.) Muggendorf. The Pottenstein road mentioned above leads to the left through the romantic Püttlachthal to (11/2 M.) Tüchersfeld (Seiller, poor), a most picturesque village, commanded by lofty pinnacles of rock. Thence to (3 M.) Pottenstein (Distler, Schöpff), a beautifully situ- ated little town, with a château (property of Dr. Kleemann of Nu- remberg). Diligence twice daily in 2 hrs. to Pegnitz (p. 97). Pleasant excursion to the S. through the romantic Schutterthal or Kühlenfelserthal, past the Schutter and Klumper mills (by the first of which are the stalactite caverns called the Grosse and Kleine Teufelsloch), to (4!/2 M.) Kühlenfels. Back by Kirchenbirkig to (31/2 M.) Pottenstein. — A road also leads from Pottenstein on the hill, past a chapel (*View), to (3/2 M.) Gössweinstein (see above). 20. Nuremberg. Hotels. *BAYRISCHER HOF (P.I. a 3 C, 2), R., L., & A. 31/2-41/2, B. 1, D. 3.4%.; *STRAUss (Pl. c.; D, 3), R., L., & A. 3, B. 1.7%. 20 pf., D. 3.4.; *GoLDNER ADLER (Hôt. Schlenk; Pl. g; D, 2), R. & A. 21/2-3, B, 1, D. 3 A.; *WüR- TEMBERGER HOF (Pl. d: D, 4), conveniently situated near the station, R. & A. from 2, D. 3 -/. ; Rother HAHN (P1. e ; D, 3), R. 2./., B. 80 pf.; *WITTELSBACHER HoF (Pl. f.; D, 3), Pfannenschmiedsgasse, R. & A. 2./., B. 80 pf.; MARQUARD (Blaue Flasche), PLAUT, both in the Hallplatz; *DEUT- SCHER KAISER, NüRNBERGER HoF., HERZOG MAX, ROTHEs KREUz, all in the König-Str.: EINHORN, Breitegasse; HIMMELSLEITER, Karolinen-Str.: Wor, Fs- SCHLUCHT, Johannesgasse 4, by the theatre. Restaurants. Most of the hotels. Also º Stadtpark, Maxfeld (p. 96); Rosenau (P.I.A, B,2,3; p. 96); * Wiene, Restauration (Haslinger), König-Str. 60; *Krokodil, Weintraubengasse; Mercup, Clara-Str. — Wine. * Giessing, Rath- hausgasse 8; Seressé, Rathbausgasse 4; *Seegitz, Brunnengasse 43; *Post- hörnlein (Döring), near the chapel of St. Maurice; Haslinger, see above; *Herrenkeller (Föttinger), Theatergasse 19; Treuheit (old German style), Spitalgasse 8; Zum Hans Sachs, Ebnersgasse 10. — Beer. On the left bank of the Pegnitz: Mohrenkeller, near St. Lawrence; Baier, Josephs-Platz; Liebel, Theresien-Platz. On the right bank: * Leistlein, Schustergasse, at the back of St. Sebaldus; Albrecht Dürer, Dürer-Platz; Braiwurst-Glöcklein, at the back of the Moritzcapelle, quaint. Also Schellmannszwingen', at the Mariemthor ; Diirstscher Keller, Gostenhof. - Cafés. Central, Karolinen-Str. ; Zetlinaier, Noris, both in the Kaiser- Str.: Wational, in the market; Mercur, Clara-Str.: Scharf, König-Str.: Royal, Pfannenschmiedsgasse. — Ices: Eisenbeis, corner of König-Str. and Kaiser-Str.: Scheuermann, Schustergasse. . Newspapers at the Museum (Pl. D, 2), by the Museumsbrücke. Intro- duction by a member; application may be made to Her” Heinrich Schrag, bookseller, opposite the N. side of the church of St. Lawrence. Baths. Ludwigsbad, Breitegasse 91, at the Weisse Thurm ; Wildbad, on the Schüttinsel, E. side of the town; Maa'feldbad, Martin-Richter-Str. Cabs. For 1/4 hr., 4-2 pers. 60 pf., 3-4 pers. 1./. ; 1/2 hr., 1 or 11/2./4.; */4 hr., 11/2 or 2.4. ; 1 hr., 2.4. or 21/2 .4.; small articles free, box 20 pf. 70 ºrter into the town: under 33 lbs. 35 pf.; between 33 and 110 lbs. pI. Tramways from the station through and also round the town, to Fürth (8/4 hr. ; 20 pf.), to the Maa'feld (p. 96), to St. Jobst, from the church of St. Lawrence to Dutzendteich (p. 96; 20 min. ; 20 pf.). Post Offices at the railway-station, and in the Fünferhaus at the back 86 Route 20. NUREMBERG. History. of the Rathhaus. Several branch-offices. – Telegraph Offices at the station and in the Tuchhaus adjoining the Frauenkirche. - Theatres. Stadt-Theater (Pl. D., 3), by the Lorenzkirche. — Summer Theatre at the Wittelsbacher Hof, Pfannenschmiedsgasse. Permanent Exhibition of the Dürer Association (modern pictures) in the building of the Telegraph Office, by the Frauenkirche, week-days 11-3, Sun. 10-2; 80 pf. — Permanent Industrial Exhibition in the new Exhibi- tion Buildings in the Marienth orgraben (P1. E., 3), always open. Shops. NUREMBERG WAREs: Wahnschaffe, in the Josephs-Platz, carved wood, etc.; Léger, König-Str. 2; C. Quehl, Fleischbrücke 2, etc. — IMITA- TIONS OF ANCIENT Works OR ART, in clay (stoves, vases, etc.), metal, papier-maché, and wood (furniture): Fleischmann, Hirschelgasse near the Landauer Kloster; Eysser, in Peller's house, Aegidienplatz (p. 93). — FANCY ARTICLEs in wood, in the Renaissance style (caskets, frames, etc.) : Schmid- Daley & Co., Hirschelgasse 26. — Wood Mos AIC: Adelhard, Flaschenhof- Str. 18. – Ivory CARVING: Behl, Kaiser-Str. 37; Ziener & Ellenberger, Für- ther-Str. 41. — FANCY Goods: J. G. Kugler, L. Döhler, König-Str. — STEEL GOODs: Leykauf, König-Str. 16. — ANTIQUITIES: Pickert and Roesch, both in the Dürer-Platz; Geuder, opposite the Rathhaus; Helbing, Karl-Str. 6; Benda, Hintere Ledergasse 3: Wohlbold, Augustiner-Str. 11; Wewmann, Trödelmarkt 31-33. — Lebkuchen (a kind of gingerbread). Metzger, Jo- sephs-Platz 6 and Rathhausgasse 6; Häberlein, König-Str. 6 and Winkler- Str. 85, etc. — All the shops are shut on Sundays and holidays. English Church Service in summer at the Bayrischer Hof. Principal Attractions: St. Lawrence (p. 88), Frauenkirche, especially the Portal (p. 89), Schöne Brunnen (p. 89), St. Sebaldus (p. 90), Burg (p. 92), Germanic Museum (p. 94). Nuremberg, Germ. Nürnberg (1148 ft.), pop. 442,400, a free city of the Empire down to 1806, has since belonged to Bavaria. There is probably no town in Germany still so mediaeval in appear- ance, or so suggestive of the wealth, importance, and artistic taste of a ‘City of the Empire'. Nuremberg, which owes its origin to the ancient castle erected for protection against the Huns , is first mentioned in history in 1050. The establishment of a market, the miracles wrought by the relics of St. Se- baldus, and the frequent visits of the emperors rapidly attracted new in- habitants, who at first settled between the castle and the river. The city thus Sprang up under the Hohenstaufen dynasty, and the castle was fre- Quently occupied by Conrad III. and Frederick Barbarossa, two illustrious. members of that family. The progress of the city was greatly promoted by the high privileges accorded to it by these and other emperors. The government was originally vested in the patrician families. These were expelled by the civic guilds in 1348, but only to return and obtain a firmer grasp of power the following year. The office of Burggrave, originally a deputy governing in the name of the emperor, was first held by Frede- rick I. (d. 1218) of the Zollern family under the Emp. Henry VI. These governors soon acquired independent power, and in 1863 became “Fürsten', or princes; but when, in 1445, Frederick VI. was invested by the Emp. Sigismund with the Mark of Brandenburg, they formally ceded the citadel to the town (comp. p. 92). This gave rise to constant dissensions and bitter feuds between the citizens and the margraves Albrecht Achilles (1449) and Frederick (1502), but did not interfere with the continuous growth of the town, which at the beginning of the sixteenth century had become, with Augsburg, one of the chief depôts of the trade between Germany, Ve- nice, and the East. At this period, too, it attained its zenith of distinction in the sphere of art as well as of politics. To this period belongs most of the interesting old Dom ESTIC ARCHI- TECTURE which render Nuremberg so quaint and picturesque. The general style of the lofty houses, with their high-peaked gables, is Gothic, but the ornamentation of the façades is usually in the Renaissance style. Special care has also been bestowed upon the courts in the interior. History of Art. NUREMBERG. 20. Route. 87 The zeal with which the art of SCULPTURE was cultivated is exem- plified by the numerous interesting signs and figures of Saints, of the 14th- 16th cent., with which the houses are embellished. Some of the finest are in the König-Str. ; on the Glockengiesserhaus; at the corner of the Albrecht–Dürer-Platz; opposite the Moritzkapelle; in the Obstmarkt be- hind the Frauenkirche; at the corner of the Weinmarkt (Rothes Ross); in the Burgstrasse; at the corner of the Bindergasse; and in the Hirschel- gasse. The last named (original now in Berlin), a statue of the Virgin, has often been ascribed to an Italian artist on account of its beauty and delicacy of form. Another similar figure of Mary at the foot of the Cross, now in the Civic Museum (p. 95), ranks among the finest works of its time, but is also by an unknown master. Foremost among the Nuremberg workers in stone stands Adam Kraff't who flourished here after 1492, and died at Schwabach in 1507. His prin- cipal works are the Stations on the way to St. John's Cemetery, the taste ful tabernacle in St. Lawrence's, and the reliefs at the Frauenkirche, St. Sebalduskirche, and Aegidienkirche. Of wood-carvers the chief is Veit Stoss (d. 1532), who at first exercised his craft at Cracow. His chef-d'oeuvre is in the church of St. Lawrence (p. 88). Both of these masters are rooted in the traditions of mediaeval art, and of conservative tendencies. The brass-founder Peter Vischer (d. 1529), on the other hand, breathes the spirit of the Renaissance, and is endowed with versatile imagination and a deli- cate sense of form. His sons and Pancraz Labenwolf (d. 1563) also produ- ced much meritorious work. Among the specialities of Nuremberg art in the 16th cent. were the casting of medals and goldsmiths' work, the most celebrated die-cutters being Ludwig Krug (at the beginning of the 16th cent.), Peter Flötner (d. 1546), aud Hans Lobsinger; and the most renowned gold- Smiths Wenzel Jamnitzer (1508-85), and his son-in-law Valentin Maler. PAINTING was sedulously cultivated as early as the 14th cent., as is proved by the altar-pieces in the Frauenkirche and Jakobskirche. The Imhoff altar-piece of the Coronation of the Virgin in St. Lawrence’s dates from the first half of the 15th cent., and resembles the crude productions of the Cologne school. Towards the end of the same century Michael Wohl- gemuth (1434–1519) was the most prominent of Nuremberg painters. In order to understand the wide-spread fame of the Nuremberg school we must keep in mind that printing had recently been invented, engendering a taste for illustrated books, engravings, and wood-cuts; for the importance of Nurem- berg art lies less in the products of the paint-brush than in the humorous and thoughtful creations embodied by means of the burim and the chisel. The characteristic tendency to depth of meaning shows itself in the pictures of Albrecht Dürer (1473-1528), a pupil of Wohlgemuth, and the greatest painter whom Nuremberg has produced. Nuremberg itself, however, now possesses few products of his fertile genius; the only certified examples of his brush in his native town are the ‘Hercules” (an early work), por- traits of Emp. Charlemagne and Emp. Sigismund, and a Pietà, all in the Germanic Museum. His best works are to be seen at Vienna, Munich, and Berlin. None of Dürer's pupils developed their activity to any great extent in Nuremberg itself, where, indeed, painting rapidly declined. On the other hand the artistic handicrafts, such as the engraving of medals and the manufacture of artistic cabinets, flourished here till far on in the 18th century, and are again practised with growing success at the present day. The principles of the Reformation found favour at Nuremberg as early as 1525, and in the following year Melanchthon founded the Gym- nasium. The discovery of the sea-route to India somewhat impaired the prosperity of the town; it suffered still more severely during the Thirty Years' War, and during the 18th cent. its decline was hastened by the feeble rule of the patrician families. Since 1806, however, when Nurem- berg became a Bavarian city, it has prospered greatly, and it is now the most important commercial and manufacturing town in Southern Germany. Hops form one of the most important staple commodities. The Fortifications, dating from the middle ages, form the most interesting feature of the town, but have unfortunately been re- 88 Route 20. NUREMBERG. St. Lawrence. moved at places. They consist of a rampart encircling the city, pro- vided at intervals with towers of various forms, and of a dry moat 35 yds. wide and 33 ft. deep. The most picturesque parts are near the citadel, at the influx and efflux of the Pegnitz, and by the gates. -A walk round the walls will reveal the variety and beauty of their architectural effects. The four round towers at the Neue, Spittler, Frauen, and Laufer gates were built by Unger in 1555–68. The Pegnitz divides the town into two nearly equal parts, the Lawrence and the Sebald sides, the latter being the older and more interesting. It is crossed by several Bridges. The Suspension Bridge on the W. side of the town was one of the first of its kind in Germany (1824). The single-arched Fleischbrücke (PI. D, 2), built in 1598, is an imitation of the Ponte Rialto at Venice. Two obelisks on the Karlsbrücke (Pl, C, 2), one with a dove and olive- branch, the other with the imperial eagle, are memorials of a visit of Emp. Charles VI., ‘the peace-bringer', in 1728. From the Railway Station (Pl. D, E, 4) we enter the town by the Frauenthor in a straight direction, and in 5 min. reach the church of St. Lawrence; then cross the Museums-Brücke to the Frauen- kirche; turn to the left, past the Schöne Brunnen, to the Rathhaus, St. Sebald's, Dürer's statue, Dürer's house, and the Burg. This order is observed in the following description. - The Gothic church of *St. Lawrence (PI. D, 3; Prot.), the finest in Nuremberg, was erected at the end of the 13th and the beginning of the 14th century. In 1403–45 the nave was widened, and in 1489– 77 the choir was rebuilt on a larger scale by Konrad Roritzer. The whole edifice was carefully restored in 1824 under the superinten- dence of Heideloff. Rich W. *Portal with numerous sculptures (1832); above it a superb rose window, 30 ft. in diameter. The N. Tower, with its roof of gilded copper, was burned down in 1865, but has since been re-erected in its original form. The sacristan, who lives in the Pfarrgåsslein 7, is generally in the church in sum- mer. (Knock loudly at the S. door; fee 40 pf. ; a catalogue may be had by asking one of the attendants.) INTERIOR. Beautiful stained glass in the eleven windows of the choir, recently restored; the finest that to the right of the choir, representing the genealogy of Christ. The four Evangelists adjoining this on the right are modern, as also the Kaiserfenster put up in memory of the 84th birthday of Emp. William I. The finest work of art in the church is the *CIBORIUM, or receptacle for the host, in the choir, beautifully and elaborately executed in stone, in the form of a tower, 65 ft. in height, and enriched with many sculptures. It rests upon the three kneeling figures of the sculptor Adam Krafft and his two assistants, who were engaged in the work from 1498 to 1500. In front of the altar, suspended from the roof, is a curious work in carved wood with numerous figures, by Veit Stoss, representing the Sa- lutation. The Gothic brass candelabrum in the choir is also noteworthy. Handsome modern pulpit and high-altar by Heideloff' and Roterm undt. The Tugendbrunnen, a fountain on the N.W. side of the church, with numerous figures in bronze, was executed in 1589 by Wurzel- bauer. To the left of it, at the corner of the Karolinen-Str., is Frauenkirche. NUREMBER(#. 20. Route. 89 the Nassauer Haus, erected about 1400. — In the adjoining Adler- Strasse rises the Warriors' Monument, by Wanderer and Rössner, a granite column surmounted by a figure of Victory. - The Lorenzer Gasse leads to the E. from St. Lawrence's to the Marien - Suburb. On the right, by the church, is the Theatre (PI. D., 3); in the Peter-Wischer-Gasse, nearly opposite to it, is Peter Vischer’s House (PI. 10). - The Bavarian Industrial Museum, König-Str. 3, contains a collection of models and industrial products (Sundays 10–1, week- days 10-12 and 2–5, in winter 2–4; closed on Saturdays). It also comprises a designing-room, with a collection of models, a library, and a reading-room (Sundays 10–1, week-days 9–12 and 2–6, in winter 2–4 and 7-9; closed on Saturdays). Adm. on Sun., Tues., Wed., and Frid., free; other days 1.4. — Adjoining the Industrial Museum, on the Pegnitz, is the Museum (Club-house, Pl. 4; adm. see p. 85). - The Gothic *Frauenkirche or Marienkirche (Pl. D, 2.; Rom. Cath.), in the market-place, was erected in 1354–61 on the site of a synagogue destroyed during the persecutions of the Jews. Fine façade. The W. *Portico, with its rich sculpturing, was added at a later date. The N. aisle (open 7–10 a.m.) contains an *Epita- phium of the Pergenstorfer family of 1498, by A. Krafft; adjacent is the Tuchersche Altar, with a winged picture on a gold ground, the finest work of the Nuremberg school in the first half of the 15th century. Old stained glass in the choir, with the armorial bearings of many Nuremberg families. - In the Gänsemarkt, behind the Frauenkirche, is a quaint foun- tain-figure in bronze, by Labenwolf, called the *Gänsemānnchen (‘little goose-man'; Pl.2), a peasant carrying a goose under each arm. In the vicinity is the house of the poet Hans Sachs (Pl. 9), in the street named after him. In the adjoining Spital - Platz a Mon- wment to his memory was erected in 1874, consisting of a sitting figure in bronze, cast by Lenz from a model by Krausser. — On the E. side of the Platz is the new Synagogue (Pl. D, 2), built by Wolfin the Moorish style in 1869–74. On the S. side is the Gothic Spital- kirche or Heiliggeistkirche, erected in 1331–41, where the regalia of the empire (now in Vienna) were once preserved. — Not far off, at the corner of the Tucher-Strasse and the Neue Gasse (Pl. E, 2), is another fountain, with a bronze figure of Konrad Grübel (d. 1809), a popular poet of Nuremberg. * No. 19, Hauptmarkt (Pl. D, 2), opposite the Schöne Brunnen, was the residence of the celebrated humanist Pirkheimer (born at Eichstätt in 1470; died at Nuremberg in 1530). No. 15, adjacent, adorned with frescoes, is the house in which Martin Behaim , the cosmographer (1459–1507) was born. The *Schöne Brunnen (P1. D, 2), opposite the Frauenkirche, erected in 1885–96, by Heinrich Behaim, or the ‘Balier', and restored 90 Route 20. NUREMBERG. St. Sebaldws. in 1821–24, is a Gothic pyramid 63 ft. in height, adorned with nu- merous figures. The *Statues below represent seven electors and nine heroes (Charlemagne, Godfrey de Bouillon, Clovis; Judas Maccabaeus, Joshua, David; Caesar, Alexander, Hector); those above, Moses and the seven prophets. In the iron railing of the fountain, on the N.W. side, is a small movable iron ring, ingeniously wrought, which the travelling apprentices regard as the cognisance of the city. The Rathhaus (Pl. D, 1, 2; bell for the custodian on the first floor; fee), 290 ft. in length, was erected in 1618–19 in the Italian Renaissance style. The new part of the building at the back, with a fine façade towards the Theresien-Str. and an interesting court, was completed by Essenwein in 1889. The great hall, with its timber roof, belongs to the older part of the building, erected in 1340, and is adorned with badly-preserved frescoes designed by Dürer, representing the triumphal procession of the Emp. Ma- ximilian, Town-musicians, and Calumny (after Apelles); it also contains stained glass by Hirschvogel, etc. On the central buttress is represented an execution by the guillotine (1522), proving that this instrument is not a modern invention. — On the wall of the staircase to the second floor is a large *Painting by Paul Ritter (1883): The representatives of Nuremberg. tentering the town in triumphal procession with the imperial regalia in 1424. — The ceiling of the long corridor in the second floor is adorned with a relief in stucco representing a tournament held at Nuremberg in 1446, exe- cuted by Kern in 1649. — The second floor also contains three rooms with pictures (Sun. 11-12, free; week-days 10-30 to 1, gratuity). I. Jäger, Emp. Maximilian I. visiting A. Dürer in 1518; Schººch, Funeral of Gustavus Adol- phus; Ans. Feuerbach, Battle of Amazons: Bauer, Body of Emp. Otho III. being brought across the Alps; Kreling, Magdeburgers besieged by Tilly receiving the Sacrament. — II. Joachim v. Sandrart, Banquet in the Rath- haus in 1649; Maan", The Schöne Brunnen, 1424; Mayer, Interior of St. Se- bald’s. – III. Life-size portraits of Kings Maximilian Joseph, Ludwig I., and Maximilian II.; also portraits of distinguished Nurembergers. The tasteful Fountain in the court is by Labenwolf, 1557. The gallery in the S.E. corner of the court, resting upon curious carved brackets, and with Gothic balustrades, is by Hans Behaim (1425). Under the Rathhaus are subterranean passages, partly fallen in, leading to the old dungeons, which the curious may inspect. - The Gothic church of *St. Sebaldus (Pl. D, 2; Prot.), with its two choirs, was erected in the 13th cent. on the model of the cathe- dral of Bamberg. The W. choir is Romanesque, the nave is in the transition-style, while the present E. choir was re-erected in the pure Gothic style in 1361–77. The church is now undergoing re- storation. The sacristan is generally in the church; visitors knock at the N. side-door; donations go to the building fund. Exterior. The visitor should inspect the N. Portal, or ‘Bride's Door"; the reliefs on the buttresses of the E. choir, representing the Passion; the ‘Schreyer Monument’, with numerous life-size figures in stone, representing the Bearing of the Cross, the Entombment, and the Resurrection, executed in 1492 by Adam Krafft; the Last Judgment over the S. entrance. Interior (a catalogue may be had by applying to the Sacristan). In the E. choir reliefs attributed to Adam Krafft, but bearing the monogram of Veit Stoss: Last Supper, Christ on the Mt. of Olives, and the Kiss of Judas. To the S.E., in the ambulatory, the ‘Markgrafen- fenster’, a fine stained-glass window executed by Hirschvogel in 1515, representing the Margrave Frederick of Ansbach and Bayreuth, with his Chap. of St. Moritz. NUREMBERG. 20. Route. 91 wife and eight children; also several good altar-pieces, especially a winged, picture on the N. wall, painted in 1513 by Hans von Kulmbach, from draw- ings by Dürer, probably the master's finest work; Crucifix and wooden figures of the Virgin and St. John, over the high-altar, by Veit Stoss. High-altar in wood (1821) by Roterm undt and Heideloff'... — ”St. Sebald’s Monument (eight tons in weight, for which the trustees of the church paid 3145 florins), the master-piece of Peter Vischer, the celebrated artist in bronze, was completed by him with the aid of his five Sons in 1519, after thir- teen years’ labour. The twelve Apostles in niches around the Sarcophagus containing the relics of the saint are admirable; above are twelve Smaller figures of fathers and prophets; below, about Seventy allegoric figures of genii, mermaids, animals, etc. The miracles performed by the Saint are pourtrayed in rélief below the sarcophagus. In the E. niche is the artist himself with apron and chisel, a beautiful statuette. Near the fine modern wooden pulpit is an Entombment, attributed to Dürer, with the armorial bearings of the Holzschuher family. The Löffelholz-Chapel, W. choir, con- tains a Gothic font in bronze, of the beginning of the 15th century. The Parsonage of St. Sebald, on the N. side, with its fine Gothic *Oriel-window (“Chörlein'), dating from 1318, was once occupied by Melchior Pfinzing (d. 1535), provost of St. Sebald, and author of the ‘Tewrdan.nkh’, an allegorical narrative of the wooing of Mary of Burgundy by Emp. Maximilian I. Opposite St. Sebald’s, on the N., is the Gothic Chapel of St. Mo- ritz (PI. 50). The collection of pictures formerly here is now in the Germanic Museum (p. 95). - To the S.W. of St. Sebald’s, Winkler-Str. 29, is Palm’s House (Pl. 5; C, D, 2), with the inscription : ‘Here dwelt John Palm, bookseller, who fell a victim to the tyranny of Napoleon in 1806'. The patriotic Palm had published a pamphlet on the “Degradation of Germany’, written in a tone derogatory to France, for which the Emperor caused him to be condemned by a court-martial and shot (p. 172). — At the corner of the adjacent Augustiner-Strasse, on the site of an Augustinian monastery, stand the new Courts of Law (Pl. 3), erected by Solger. In the hall are marble busts of the jurists Anselm v. Feuerbach and Rud. v. Holzschuher; the court of the Chamber of Commerce contains a large painting by A. Feuerbach: Emp. Lewis the Bavarian conferring privileges on the merchants of Nuremberg. Opposite Palm's house, over the gateway of the Stadtwage, is a good relief by Krafft (1497). Near this (Winkler-Strasse 20) is the house in which Dürer was born, with inscription. - * *Dürer's Statue (PI. D, 1), erected in 1840 on the Albrecht Dürer Platz, was designed by the eminent Rauch, after Dürer's portrait of himself at Vienna. Some hundred paces to the N.W., at the corner of the Albrecht–Dürer-Strasse, near the Thiergärtner- Thor, is Dürer's House (Pl. 1; C, 1), the property of a society, and marked by a medallion. It contains a collection of antique furni– ture and utensils, and also copies of Dürer's paintings. The custo- dian exercises the craft of a glass-stainer. - We return to the Burgstrasse, on the right side of which is the . old Dominican monastery, containing the Municipal Archives on the 92 Route 20. NUREMBERG. - Burg. ground-floor. The upper floor contains the Town Library (PI. D, 1; Tues., Thurs., Sat., 10–12) of 50,000 vols. and 800 MSS., including a missal with fine miniatures by Glockenton, a miniature-painter of Nuremberg; also early specimens of typography, e.g. the Rationale of Durandus (1459), one of the first books printed by Gutenberg; autographs of Luther, Melanchthon, etc.; and various curiosities. Farther on, in the direction of the castle, to the left, is a Mount of Olives, executed in 1499 by Peter Harsdörfer. — Of the two routes to the castle we take that to the right and pass the former Burgkaserne, built by Hans Behaim the Elder in 1494–95. The *Burg, or Castle (1165 ft.; Pl. C, D, 1), founded in 1024 by Emp. Conrad II., and enlarged by Frederick Barbarossa in 1158, was restored in the Gothic style and fitted up as a royal residence in 1854-56. It rises on a sandstone rock to the N.W. of the town. The castellan Kellner (an artist in stained glass) lives on the right by the castle-gate (ring; fee). The venerable Lime-tree in the court, said to have been planted by the Empress Kunigunde, wife of Emp. Henry II. (1002-24), marks the spot on which justice was anciently administered. A niche in the wall contains a statue of the Saxon ambassador Glansdorf, who died at Nuremberg during the Thirty Years' War. In the Audience Chamber are several pic- tures, chiefly copies of later. Italian works, Handsome old stoves in this and other rooms. Most of the rooms and particularly the new balcony on the W. Side of the castle afford splendid views of the city and environs. The Heidenthurm, by the castle-gate, contains two Romanesque chapels of the 12th cent., one above the other: the lower, St. Margaret's Chapel, is built over the burial-vault of the Burggraves; the upper, St. Ottmar's Chapel, or the Kaiser - Capelle, with groined vaulting resting on Slender marble columns with Romanesque capitals, and pictures by Wohlgemuth, Krafft, and Holbein (?), was used for divine service. The Vestner. Thurm. (custodian 10 pf.) is another fine point of view. Near it is a well, the depth of which is shown, by lowering candles into it, or by reflecting the daylight upon the surface of the water by means of a mirror (10 pf.). To the right of the E. entrance is a Collection of Instruments of Torture (adm. 30 pf.). On the E. wall of the castle are shown two hoof-shaped im- pressions, which are said to have been left by the horse of a captive robber-knight in the 16th cent., who escaped by leaping over the moat. This incident gave rise to a sarcastic proverb: ‘The Nurembergers hang no man, unless they have caught him”. — The pentagonal tower is the origi- nal fort round which the dwellings of Nuremberg first began to cluster. It contains a torture-chamber with the ‘Iron Virgin", a hollow figure with iron spikes in the interior, into which the victim was thrust, and a col- lection of antiquities (30 pf.). Splendid view from the platform. On the S.W. side of the castle is the Thiergärtner Thor (P1. C, 1), beyond which, in the Burgschmiet-Str., is the Bronze Foundry of Prof. Lenz, with a collection of models. The road leads on past the Stations, consisting of seven pillars with reliefs of the Passion in stone (the first by the house No. 6; all undergoing restoration), and the Kalvarienberg, all by Krafft, to (1/4 hr.) St. John's Cemetery (Pl. A, 1). The Gothic Heiligkreuz-Kapelle (Pl. B, 1), of 1390, on the left before the cemetery is reached (entrance Johannis-Str. 24; 30 pf.), contains a fine altar in carved wood, with an architectural top and double wings painted by Wohlgemuth. St. Ægidius. .NUREMBERG. 20. Route. 93 The Holzschuher Chapel in the Cemetery contains a good Entombment with fifteen life-size figures by A. Krafft (1507) and an altar by Veit Stoss. Direr, his friend Pirkheimer, Veit Stoss, Jamnitzer, and several other emi- ment men are buried in this cemetery. The wife of the chief sexton (house to the right of the cemetery chapel) affords all information (50 pf.). - The new Central Cemetery in the Johannis Suburb has a fine portal by Hase (1879), - Outside the Spittler Thor is the Cemetery of St. Rochus (PI.A., 3), which contains the grave of the celebrated Peter Vischer (d. 1529; ninth stone on the right). The Imhof Chapel contains an interesting altar and stained-glass windows after draw- ings by Dürer. In the vicinity are the Gas Works, the Ludwigs- Bahnhof (to Fürth, p.61), and further W, the Harbour of the Lud- wigs-Canal (p. 66), 370 yds. long. The broad Ludwigs-Str. leads from the Spittler Thor to the St. Jakobskirche (Pl. B, C, 3), founded in 1212, rebuilt in 1692, and restored by Heideloff in 1824. It contains a Gothic high-altar with winged paintings (16th cent.) and four figures of Apostles (six others of the series being now, in the Ger- manic Museum, p. 95). On the N. and E. sides of the choir and in the windows are the armorial bearings of Teutonic Knights. Many fine Sculp- tures in wood and stone. At the E. end of the N. aisle is a triptych by Veit Stoss, restored by Burgschmiet. Stained glass windows with the arms of Nuremberg families. Escutcheons of Teutonic Knights. The Dillherr Chapel contains a Lamentation for Christ by Veit Stoss. Opposite are the old Deutsche Haus, or Teutonic Lodge, with the Deutschhaus-Kirche (Ital. Baroque style), and the New Barracks. On the N. side the Rathhaus (p. 90) is bounded by the The- resien-Str. (Pl. D, 1). No. 7, on the left, is Krafft's House, with a fine court. Further on is the Theresienplatz, with a monument to the navigator Martin Behaim and Paumgårtner's House (restau- rant). — To the left lies the Agidienplatz, on the N. side of which rises Peller's, now Eysser's House (No. 23; Pl. 6), with its rich Renaissance façade (1605) and fine court in the interior. It con- tains an interesting old timber ceiling discovered in 1883, and has |been handsomely and tastefully fitted up and furnished by the owner, a furniture-manufacturer of Bayreuth (fee). To the right, in front of the Gymnasium, rises a statue of Melanchthon by Burg- schmiet. No. 13 Agidienplatz was the house of the famous printer Anton Koberger (1470–1513). . St. Ægidius (Pl. E, 1), originally a Romanesque basilica, erected in 1440, and burned down in 1696, was rebuilt in 1711–18 in the degraded style of that period. It contains a Pietà by Van Dyck, and at the back of the altar two reliefs in bronze by the sons of P. Vischer. Adjacent is the late-Romanesque Eucharius Chapel, with two altars by Veit Stoss. In the Gothic Tetzel-Kapelle a Coronation of the Virgin in stone, by A. Krafft. To the E., in the old Landauer Kloster, is the Royal School of Art (Pl. E, 1). The fine vaulting of the Chapel is borne by two spiral columns (1507). For this chapel, in 1511, Dürer painted his celebrated All Saints altar-piece, now at Vienna. 94 Route 20 NUREMBERG. Germanic Museum. We next cross the Weberplatz with the Sieben Zeilen, i.e. seven rows of weavers' houses, to the Hirschelgasse (Pl, E, 1), where Tucher's House (No. 11) and Rupprecht's House are worth seeing. The latter contains a beautiful early Renaissance hall (called ‘Hirsch- vogelsaal' after is builder), of 1534, recently well restored. The figure of the Virgin on the outside is a cast of the original, now in Berlin (comp. p. 87). Opposite Tucher's House is Fleischmann's Sanatorium. - . Retracing our steps, we cross the Weberplatz to the Max-Thor, whence the Lange Gasse to the right leads to the Lauffer Thor. At No. 30 in this street is Rotermund's Collection of antiquities, casts, old Nuremberg sculpture, etc. — To the left is the Paniersplatz, on the N.W. side of which is Topler's, now Petersen's House (Pl. 8; D, 1), built in 1590. Near this, in the house “Zur Blume’, Schildgasse 12, is the Natural History Museum, containing zoological, botanical, ethno- graphical, and anthropological collections (Sun. 10-12, free; at other times 50 pf.). The *Germanic National Museum (Pl. C, D, 3; entrance Kar- thäusergasse 7), an institution for the illustration of German histo- rical research, founded in 1852, is established in a suppressed Car- thusian Monastery, a Gothic building of the 14th cent., with a fine church and extensive cloisters. The museum has recently been enlarged by the addition of the Augustinian monastery, formerly occupying the site of the Law Courts (p. 90), but removed thence and re-erected here. Since 1866, owing to the energy of the di- rector Dr. v. Essenwein and the munificence of private donors, the museum has become one of the finest in Germany. The objects of general interest are exhibited in 77 rooms, while others are reserved for the use of artists and students. The Museum is open daily, 10–1 and 2–4, 30; adm. 1.4., Wed. and Sun. free. Catalogue at the entrance, 50 pf. (See plans, pp. 84, 85.) To the left. Room I. Prehistoric antiquities, objects from lake-dwellings, stone articles, funereal urns. – R. II. Bronze antiquities, iron weapons and tools, etc. — III, IV. Roman antiquities; beams from the Roman bridge at Mainz. – V-VII. Germanic antiquities of the 4th-9th centuries: ornaments, weapons, coffins, etc.; No. 258. Copy of the ‘Treasure of Atha- marich’, found at Petreosa in Roumania (original at Bucharest); No. 262. Greek epitaph of a Germanic Christian of Constantinople (3rd or 4th cent.). — Cloister Wing, VIII. Casts of early mediaeval monuments. – To the left : 1X-XII. Stoves and stove-tiles. – XIII. Locksmith's work. — XIV. (corner-room), called the ‘Wilhelmshalle’, from a window presented by Emp. William I. (when king of Prussia) in 1860, representing the foundation of the Carthusian monastery in 1381 by Burggrave Frederick of Nuremberg, executed at Berlin from designs by Kreling. Original model of Luther's monument at Worms, by Rietschel. — Opposite, at the angle of the clois- ters, is the ‘Hohenzollernhalle” (Pl. C), with four Gothic windows bearing the arms of the provinces of Prussia, presented by Princes Charles and Albert of Prussia, and Charles Anthony of Hohenzollern. — XV. (Cloister, Ludwigs- gang). Tombstones of the 14th cent. — XVI-XVIII and XXIII. ( Cloisten's), enclosing the Reichshof (P1. D), containing a copy in stucco of the Roland Co- umn at Bremen. — XXIV. XX V, XX VII. (Cloisters). Tombstones of the Germanic Museum. NUREMBERG. 20. Route. 95 15-16th centuries. Fine old and modern stained glass (Pl. E, five windows presented by the Austrian imperial house). — XXVI (Cloister’) and Rooms XXVIII-XXX contain the *SULKOWSKI CollBCTION of armour, cabinets, tank- ards, carving, etc., purchased for the Museum in 1889. – XXXI-XXXIII (Cloisters). Tombstones; casts of ecclesiastical vessels; collection of models. — XXXI V, formerly the CHURCH, contains a collection of Sculpture, chiefly of the 15-16th centuries. On the S. side is a *Mural Painting by W. v. Rawlbach representing Emp. Otho III. visiting the tomb of Charlemagne in 4000, symbolical of the object of the institution to bring to light the treasures of the past. — The nave of the church and the Small chapel to the right of the choir contain ecclesiastical antiquities, among which (to the left) is the silver-mounted casket in which the imperial jewels of the Holy Roman Empire were formerly kept; 714. Procession-banner by Dürer; 687, 689. Carvings by Veit Stoss. – The CHAPEL (XXXV) contains (on the left) the NUREMBERG ART COLLECTION: *617. Archer (Apollo), in bronze, by P. Vischer (1532); Veit Stoss: 621. Justice, 622. Coronation of the Virgin, relief in wood; *618. Weeping Virgin, an admirable statue in wood (15th or 16th cent.); 619. Model of Labenwolf's Gänsemännchen (p. 89); 620. The rosary, a wood-carving by Veit Stoss; 614. Reliquary of St. Sebastian ; *609. Frame of the All Saints picture from the Landauer Brüderkapelle, executed in 1512 from a design by Dürer, who here shows his genuine Renaissance tendency; 616. Statue of St. Wenzel, the model of P. Vische?”s bronze statue in the cathedral of Prague. — Room XXXVII. German and Venetian glass, porcelain, majolicas, pottery, etc.— XXXVIII, MXXIX. Domestic life of 16th-18th cent., illustrated by furniture and utensils: in the 38th, 944. Richly carved wardrobe; 950. Large Gothic bedstead of the v. Fürer family; 1053. Bedstead in ebony with alabaster ornamentation ; 1296-1316. Table requisites. – XL. Antique portal from the monastery of Heilsbrunn, 13th cent. — Above this are Rooms XIII- ALIX, containing Tyrolese, Swiss, and Nuremberg wainscot of the 16th and 17th cent. ; also a mediaeval kitchen. The 47th was formerly the Refectory. — L. (Hall). Instruments of torture. — L.I. (Hall). Collection of cannon. In the E. part of the garden is the ‘Heunensäule’ (I), presented by the town of Miltenberg (p. 53), and said to have been quarried by the Tomans. – We next ascend the open spiral staircase (P1. H), passing the Dantsic “Beischlag” or balcony (P1. G), to the – SEcoRD FLOOR. Room LII., fitted up by the German “imperial’ towns, contains a collection of costumes. – R. L.III., fitted up by the German ‘Standesherren’, or nobles of the highest rank, is occupied by a very complete historical collection of fire-arms and other weapons. – We now descend by the ‘Reckenthiirmehen” (LIV) to the – FIRST FLOor. L. V. Ordnance of 17th-19th cent., tents, military appa- ratus, etc. — Through Gallery LXVI and Cabinet LXVII, containing pic- tures of costumes, we reach the Galleries and Rooms I, VIII-LXV, contain- ing the PICTURE GALLERY (Catalogue 60 pf.), unsurpassed for its works of the upper and lower German Schools of the 15th and 16th centuries. 7. Meister Wilhelm of Cologne, Madonna with the pea-blossom ; 15. Stephan Lochner, Crucifixion, with five saints; 22. Hugo v., d. Goes, Cardinal Bour- bon; 116. M. Wohlgemuth, Crucifixion; A. Dürer, 194. Pietà ; 190. Hercules, a youthful effort; *192, 193, 194. Emperors Charlemagne, Sigismund (freely retouched), and Maximilian. Madonnas by Hans Holbein the Elder, Sigis- 'mund Holbein, H. Burgkmair. 157. Burgkmair, St. Sebastian and Emp. Maximilian; 198, 199. Hans von Kulmbach, SS. Cosmas and Damian; 298. Rembrandt, Portrait of a young man; 320. Pieter de Hooch, A party. Also various small sculptures: 2155. Figure of a boy; 2157. Dog: 2158. Genius, ascribed to Peter Vischem'; 2449. A number of exquisite wood-carvings attributed to P. Flötner. Also reliefs in wax and clay, medallions, etc. Casts of sculptures of the 16-18th centuries. – LXVI-LX VIII. Scientific apparatus, calendars, and maps. – LXIX. Apothecary’s shop. – LXX. Antiquities of guilds. – LXXI, LXXII. Commercial Museum, interesting models of ships and waggons; weights and measures. – LXXIII, LXXIV. Collection of documents illustrative of the arts of writing and printing ; MSS., incunabula, woodcuts, engravings. -- LXX V. (Gallery). Weaving ..”" 96 Route 21. FIERSBRUCK. and embroidery. — LXXVI. (Hall, fitted up by the nobility of Mecklen- burg). Musical Instruments. – LXXVII. Book-bindings. - The extensive Manufactories of Nuremberg chiefly lie outside the town. The Nuremberg Machine Co's (formerly Cramer-Klett's) works are outside the Wöhrder Thor. On the S. side, beyond the Färber-Thor, near the railway, is Zeltner's ultra-marine factory (Pl. B, C, 4). Faber's lead-pencil factory is at Stein (p. 23), 6 M. from Nuremberg. The largest breweries are Henninger's in the Maxfeld (now in the hands of a company), and Tucher's at the old ‘Waizenbräuhaus' in the Waizen-Strasse (Pl. C., 3). The most popular pleasure-grounds at Nuremberg are the *Stadt- park or Maa'feld, on the N. side (*Restaurant; music frequently; tramway, see p. 85), the Köchert–Zwinger, at the Spittler-Thor (Pl. B, 3), and the *Rosenau (P1. A, B, 2, 3; Restaur.; music fre- quently). Pleasant excursions to (6 M.) the Alte Feste (old fortress; comp. p. 60); to Mögeldorf (p. 172), with its fine woods; to St. Jobst (see below; tramway); to Dutzendieich (p. 104; tramway), with its large pond (bathing, boating); thence a beautiful walk through wood, by Falznerweiher (Rest.) to Schmaussenbuck (*Fikent- scher's Inn, a summer resort), beyond which rises a belvedere tower (20 pf.). To the Nuremberg Switzerland (see below). 21. From Nuremberg to Eger by Schnabelwaid. - 94 M. RAILWAY in 51/4-6!/2 hrs. Nuremberg, see p. 85. Soon after leaving the station the train diverges to the left from the lines to Ratisbon and Amberg, and crosses the Pegnitz–Thal by means of a long embankment and several bridges to (21/2 M.) St. Jobst. It then skirts the hills on the N. side of the Pegnitz–Thal, running parallel with the Amberg railway (p. 172) on the S. side. On the left, Schloss Platnersberg, restored by Heideloff. 6 M. Behringersdorf; 8 M. Rückersdorf; 101/2 M. Lauf (Rail. Restaur.), with a château, on the Pegnitz (1/2 M. to the S. is the station of the Amberg line, p. 172); 124/2 M. Schnaittach, which lies 3 M. to the N. of the station, with the ruin of Rothen- berg rising above it (a fine point of view). 15 M. Reichenschwand, at the base of the Hansjörgl–Berg (see below), with a château and park. 17 M. Hersbruck (1100ft.; *Post; *Traube, in the market-place), a prosperous little town on the right bank of the Pegnitz, at the foot of the Michelsberg, surrounded by hop-gardens. The station on the right bank of the Pegnitz (*Heissmann's Rest.) lies on the N. side of the town, 11/2 M. from the station on the left bank of the Pegnitz (p. 173). The Michelsberg (1428 ft.), ascended from the right bank station in !/4 hr., affords an admirable survey of the town and district. A still finer point of view is the *Hansjörg1-Berg (1979 ft.), 1 hr. from Reichen- Schwand, or 11/2 hr. from Hersbruck vià, the Galgenberg and the Hagen- miihle. On the top is a pavilion. SCHNABELWAID. 21. Route, 97 Near (201/2 M.) Hohenstadt the line turns to the N. and enters the narrow and tortuous Upper Pegnitzthal; to the right, prettily situated at the mouth of the Hirschbachthal, lies the summer-resort of Eschenbach, with a Schloss and a Kurhaus. We cross the Pegnitz twice, and pass Alfalter and Düsselbach on the left. 25 M. Worra (*Krone). Then five bridges and two short tunnels. 27 M. Rup- prechtstegen, the centre of the ‘Nuremberg Switzerland’. The *Kwrhôtel, pleasantly situated on the slope to the left, is a favourite resort in summer. The *Ankathal, with its beautiful woods and picturesque groups of rocks, affords a pleasant walk. The path then crosses a lofty plain to (2 hrs.) the ruin of Hohenstein (2080 ft.), rising above the village of that name (Inn zur Felsburg; beer at Maier's); fine view from the wooden belvedere (key at the village). — Walk on the left bank of the Pegnitz to the (1 hr.) castle of Hartenstein, mentioned in the “Parzival” of Wolfram von Eschenbach. Ten bridges and five tunnels (90 to 350 yds. in length) in rapid succession. 29 M. Velden, an old town, 1/3 M. from the station. The valley now expands. 31.4/2 M. Neuhaus (Rossbach's Inn, at the station; Wilder Mann), commanded by the watch-tower of the old castle of Veldenstein. - Near the village of Krottensee (Zur Grotte), 11/2 M. to the E., is the *Maximilianshöhle, or Windloch, a large stalactite grotto, made accessible in 1878 (adm. 1 pers. 75 pf., 2 pers. 1 .4., etc.; guide necessary; mag- nesium wire 75 pf. extra). We cross and recross the Pegnitz several times. 331/2 M. Ramna; 37 M. Michelfeld; 411/2 M. Pegnitz (Lamm ; Ross), a district-town on the Pegnitz, which rises at Lindenhart, 9 M. to the N. (dili- gence daily in 28/4 hrs, by Pottenstein to Gössweinstein, p. 85). The train now ascends to (461/2 M.) Schnabelwaid. BRANCH-LINE To BAYREUTH (11 M., in 40 min.) by (4 M.) Creussen, an old town in the valley of the Rothe Main, noted for its earthenware, and (7 M.) Neuenreuth. 11 M. Bayreuth (see p. 76). The train turns to the E., and near (50 M.) Engelmannsreuth passes through the watershed between the Pegnitz and the Nab by a cutting 880 yds. long. Beyond (531/2 M.) Vorbach the Hard is penetrated by a tunnel of 490 yds. 58M. Kirchenlaibach, junction for the Neuenmarkt and Weiden line (p. 79). The train pursues a N.E. direction. Near (631/2 M.) Immenreuth it crosses the Heidemab, and at Oberwappenöst passes under the watershed between the Heidenab and the Fichtelnab by means of a tunnel of 935 yds. The valley of the latter stream is crossed near Riglasreuth by a lofty iron viaduct. 70 M. Neusorg (1827 ft.). Near Langentheilen the watershed between the Nab and the Röslau is pierced by another long tunnel. 75 M. Walders- hof (1805 ft.); 2 hrs. to the W. is the Kösseine (p. 82). 77 M. Markt-Redwitz (1742 ft.; Anker, at the station; Weisses Ross and others, poor), a busy little town on the Kössein, with a Protestant church in the transition style; junction of the line from Hof to Wiesau (p. 119). The line now turns to the N.E. and follows the BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. 7 98. Route 22. NôRDLINGEN. From Nuremberg Röslau, which it crosses twice. 814/2 M. Seussen; 831/2 Arzberg; 86 M. Schirnding. Before reaching (881/2 M.) Mühlbach we enter Austrian territory. The train now follows the Eger, intersects the plateau to the S. of Eger at a depth of 56 ft., and, curving to the N., enters the station of (94. M.) Eger (p. 303). 22. From Nuremberg to Augsburg, 105 M. RAILWAY in 4-6 hrs. s The train crosses the Ludwigs-Canal immediately after quit- ting Nuremberg, and beyond (5 M.) Reichelsdorf the Rednitz. 9 M. Schwabach (Engel; Rose; Stern, unpretending), an old town with 8090 inhabitants. The late-Gothic church of St. John, erected in 1469–95, contains a grand altar-piece with carving by Veit Stoss and paintings by Wohlgemuth (1506) and Dürer (? En- tombment); in the Rosenburg chapel are other paintings by Wohl- gemuth, Martin Schön (Virgin in a garland of roses), Grünewald, etc., and a Gothic ciborium, 42 ft. high, by A. Krafft (1505), to whom a monument was erected in the church in 1889. (The sacristan lives in the Kirchplatz, in a small house to the left of the book- seller's.) The Schöne Brunnen in the market-place, erected in 1716, was restored in 1856. ‘Schwabach type' is an old German text now revived. The “Articles of Schwabach’ form the Protestant creed adopted in 1528–29. - . Near (151/2 M.) Roth is an old château of the 14th century. A little farther on, the Swabian and Franconian Regat unite to form the Rednitz. From (21 M.) Georgensgmünd a branch-line leads in 25 min. to Spalt, a small town prettily situated on the Swabian Rezat, the birthplace of G. Spalatin (d. 1545), the friend of Luther and Melanchthon. On a wooded eminence to the left rises Schloss Sandsee, the property of Prince Wrede. 27 M. Pleinfeld, on the Rezat, junction of the Nuremberg and Munich railway (viā Treuchi- lingen, p. 116). 33 M. Langlaw. -- . 37 M. Gunzenhausen, on the Altmühl, junction of the Würz- burg and Munich line (see p. 116). Beyond (42 M.) Cronheim the line reaches the Wörnitz. To the right of (46 M.) Wassertridingen rises the long Hesselberg. 54 M. Oettingen, a small town with 3200 inhab., on the Wörnitz, residence of the Prince of Oettingen-Spiel- berg. Beyond (57. M.) Dürrenximmern, the Ipf (2237 ft.), a hill near Bopfingen (p. 25), the top of which is said to have been levelled by the Romans, becomes conspicuous on the W. The village on the right near Nördlingen is Wallerstein (see p. 99), with a ruined castle. 62M. Nördlingen (*Krone; Deutsches Haus; Weisses Ross; Beer at the Sonne), formerly an imperial town, is still surrounded with walls and towers. Pop. 8000. The Gothic *St. George's Church, erected 1428–1505, contains a finelate-Gothic ciborium (1511-25), paintings by Schäufelein (Mourning for Christ, in the Baptistery) and Herlen. Fine prospect from the tower, extending over the Ries with its num- to Augsburg. DONAUWORTH. 22. Route. 99 erous villages, of which 99 are said to be visible. The late-Gothic Rathhaus contains a large mural painting by Schäufelein (1515), of the history of Judith and Holofernes; on the upper floor a collection of old German pictures, and autographs chiefly of the period of the Thirty Years' War. (Apply to custodian on first floor.) In the vicin- ity is Wemding, a small bath with a sulphureous spring. During the Thirty Years' War the Imperial Generals Ferdinand of Hungary and the Cardinal Infanta Don Fernando gained a signal victory here over the Swedes under Bernhard of Weimar and Horn, 27th Aug., 1634. Remsthal Railway from Nördlingen to Stuttgart, see R. 7. FROM NöRDLINGEN To DoNBüHL, 331/2 M. (rail in 21/2-31/4 hrs.). 2/2 M. Wallerstein, with a picturesque ruined castle. Marktoffingen, 1/2 M. to the E. of which lies Maihingen, formerly a convent, with the valuable library, armoury, and other collections of Prince Oettingen-Wallerstein. Then Fremdingen, Wilburgstetten. 18/2 M. Dinkelsbühl (* Goldne Rose), an old imperial town on the Wörnitz, still surrounded with walls and towers (4484 inhab.), was the birthplace of Chr. v. Schmid (d. 1854), a popular writer for the young, to whom a statue has been erected in the market- place. The late-Gothic Church of St. George (built in 1444–99), with its handsome ciborium and carved altars, is interesting. — 22/2 M. Schopfloch; 27 M. Feuchtwangen (Post), an old town with a Gothic abbey-church; 30 M. Dorfgiitingen. 331/2 M. Dombiihl, see p. 23. 671/2 M. Möttingen; to the left, the Lierheimer Schloss. Beyond (70 M.) Hoppingen we enter the Ries, a remarkably fertile tract, probably once the bed of a lake. 72 M. Harburg, a little town belonging to Prince Wallerstein, with a well-preserved castle, pic- turesquely perched on a rock. The train follows the fertile walley of the winding Wörnitz. *. . Donauwör ‘Krebs, unpretending, R. L. & gº 791/2 M. D th (*Krebs, unpretending, R., L. & A. 1 .4 20 pf., B. 60 pf.; Becher), an old town on the Danube, with 3733 in- habitants. The buildings of the suppressed Benedictine Abbey of the Holy Cross are now the property of Prince Wallerstein. A chapel ad- joining the abbey - church contains the sarcophagus of the ill-fated Mary of Brabant, consort of Duke Lewis of Bavaria, by whose order she was beheaded in 1256 on a groundless suspicion of infidelity. The fortress of Mangoldstein, where the execution took place, to the right near the station, was destroyed by Emp. Albert I. in 1308, and the ruins were removed in 1818. A tablet in the rock, bearing the words “Castrum Woerth', now marks the site of the castle, and a cross above indicates the scene of the execution. The Schellenberg, above the station, was stormed with severe loss by Lewis of Baden in 1704. Its capture formed a prelude to the disastrous battle of Höchstädt (see below). .* FROM DoNAUwóRTH TO NEU-OFFINGEN, 271/2 M., railway in 11/3 hr. (to Ulm in 3 hrs.). The line skirts the N. Šide of the town, turns to the S.W., and traverses the valley of the tortuous Danube. 5 M. Tapfheim; 9 M. Blenheim, or Blindheim; 12 M. Höchstädt. Each of the last two names recalls more than one fiercely contested battle. Here in 1083 Guelph I. of Bavaria was defeated and deprived of his duchy by Emp. Henry IV. In 1703 Elector Max Emanuel of Bavaria and Marshal Villars gained a victory here over the Imperial troops under Count Styrum; but the Elector and Marshal Tallard were signally defeated, almost on the same spot, by Prince Eugene and the Duke of Marlborough, 13th Aug., 1704. Nearly a century later, on 19th June, 1800, the Austrians under Kray here engaged the 7 * 100 Route 22. AUGSBURG. From Nuremberg French under Moreau. -- 141/2 M. Steinheim. 17 M. Dillingen (*Bayrische?” Hof; *Stern), a thriving town of 5791 inhab., which has belonged to Bavaria since 1802, was formerly the seat of a university, suppressed in 1804. The old château once belonged to the bishops of Augsburg. Between Dillingen and Lauingen is the Karolinen-Kanal, 1% M. in length, constructed to avoid the bends of the Danube. — 19 M. Lauingen, a busy town of 4000 inhab., the residence during the middle ages of the Bavarian dukes of Tºfalz-Neuburg, whose burial-vault is below the Roman Catholic church. The isolated Hof-Thurm, 180 ft. high, in sixteen stories, was erected in 1478. A bronze statue of the celebrated scholar Albertàs Magnus (1193– 1280), a native of Lauingen, was erected in the market-place in 1881. — 22%2 M. Gundelfingen, a small town on the Brenz, with the ruins of the castle of Hohen-Gundelfingen, destroyed during the Thirty Years' War. The line turns towards, the S., crosses the Danube, and joins the Ulm and Augsburg line (p. 118) at (27/2 M.) New-Offingen. From Donauwörth to Ingolstadt and Ratisbon, see R. 23. The train crosses the Danube, and then the Schmutter. Stations Bäumenheim, Mertingen, Nordendorf (right, the château of Count Fischler-Treuberg), Meitingen (right, on the height, the castle of Markt, once a Roman fort, the property of Prince Fugger), Lang- weid, Gersthofen, and Oberhausen (to Ulm, see p. 118). We cross the Wertach, near its union with the Lech. 105 M. Augsburg (comp. Plan, p. 104). — Hotels. *DREI MoHREN (Pl.: a), R., L., and A. 31|2.4., D. 3 A., B. 1 A., one of the oldest hostel- ries in Germany, but lately rebuilt. *GoIDNE TRAUBE (Pl. b), R.11|2./4., D. 2./. 20 pf., B. 70 pf., WEISSES LAMM (Pl. f.), Ludwig-Str., good cuisine; *DREI KRONEN (Pl. h), with garden, and *BAYRIscHER HoF (P. c.), near the station; MoHRENKOPF (PI. d), Predigerberg; EISENHUT (Pl. g), Obstmarkt, R. 1-1}|2 A. – Restaurants and Cafés. * Kernstock, Steingasse; Café-Restaurant Weith in the Königs-Platz; Restaurant in the new Stadtpark; Augusta and Stötter in the Fugger-Str. ; Mussbeck, Bavaria, and Malsch, in the Maxi- milians-Str. ; Bosch, Obstmarkt; Blaues Krügl, near the Fugger House, with garden. Wine at “Metzler-Hofmann’s (Grünes Haus), in the St. Anna- Str., and at Pfaff’s, Bei der Metzg (C, 182). — “Railway Restaurant. Baths. Oit’sche Badeanstalt, outside the Rothe Thor (cold, warm, and vapour baths) ; Löhner, Bäckergasse (A, 331). Gabs. Drive ("/4 hr.), 1-2 pers. 70 pf., 3-4 pers. 1./. ; from the station 20 pf. more. At night (10 to 6) double fares. Each box of 561bs. 20 pf. Tramways (comp. Plan): from the station to Perlachthurm ; from Per- lachthurm to St. Ulrich; from the Metzg-Platz to Lechhausen; from the Königs-Platz to Pfersee; from Göggingen by Perlachthurm to Oberhausen. Augsburg (1340 ft.), with 75,523 inhab. (1/3 Prot.), the Roman Augusta Windelicorum, situated at the confluence of the Wertach and the Lech, is one of the most important towns in S. Germany. Its abundant water-power, utilised by canals traversing the town, has given rise to various industries (weaving, cotton-spinning, etc., chiefly outside the town). In the middle ages (from 1268) Augsburg was a free imperial city, and the great centre of the traffic between N. Europe, Italy, and the Levant. It reached the height of its prosperity in the 15th and 16th centuries, and several of its citizens enjoyed princely wealth and power. Three daughters of Augsburgers were married to princes: Clara v. Detten to Elector Frederick the Victorious of the Palatinate; Agnes Bernauer, the beautiful daughter of a barber, to Duke Albert III. of Bavaria (p. 174); and Philippina Welser to Archduke Ferdinand of Austria. Bartholomew Welser, another citizen, fitted out a squadron to take possession of Venezuela, which had been assigned to him as a pledge by Emp. Charles V. The Fugger family raised themselves within a century from to Augsburg. AUGSBURG. 22. Route. 101 the condition of poor weavers to that of the wealthiest merchants at Augsburg, or perhaps in Europe. They were the Rothschilds of their age, and like them ennobled; and they frequently replenished the exhausted coffers of the emperors Maximilian I. and Charles V. A separate quarter of Augsburg, founded by Joh. Jacob Fugger ‘the Rich" in 1519, is still called the Fuggerei (Jacobi-Suburb, Pl. 9), closed by its own gates, and consisting of fifty-three small houses, tenanted at a merely nominal rent by indigent Roman Catholic citizens. – At Augsburg Charles V. held his famous diets; that of 1530, at which the Protestant princes presented to the Emperor and the estates the “Augsburg Confession', a reformed creed framed by Melanchthon; that of 1548, at which the ‘Interim’ was issued; and that of 1555, by which a religious peace was concluded. The deli- very of the Confession took place in a hall of the episcopal palace, which is now a royal residence. The present appearance of Augsburg still recalls its ancient importance. Most of the houses are in the Renaissance style of the 16th and 17th cent., and several are still adorned with well-pre- served frescoes. Those of greatest historical interest are indicated by tablets. The old fortifications have been removed, and handsome new streets erected on their site (comp. p. 404). The principal street is the handsome, broad Maximilians-Strasse (between the Maximilians-Platz and the Ludwigs-Platz), with its continuation, the busy Karolinen-Strasse. At the N. end of the latter rises the Cathedral (Pl. 20), an irregular Gothic pile, origin- ally a Romanesque basilica, begun in 995, consecrated in 1006, and altered 1321-1431. It now consists of a nave with low vaulting, borne by square pillars, and double aisles separated by slender round co- lumns with foliage-capitals. The N. and S. portals of the E. choir, with sculptures of the 14th cent., are particularly fine. The W. choir contains a very ancient episcopal throne and an ancient Gothic altar in bronze. In the nave hangs a fine bronze candelabrum of the 14th century. The richly carved Gothic pulpit and the high-altar in the E. choir are modern. The bronze doors of the S. aisle, dating from about 1050, contain representations of Adam and Eve, the Serpent, Cen- taurs, etc., in thirty-five sections. Of the fine stained-glass, ancient and modern, the best is in the S. Romanesque windows of the navé, dating from the end of the 10th or the beginning of the 11th century. The altar-pieces of the first four side-altars are by Holbein the Elder; the other altar-pieces in the ambulatory of the choir are by Zeitblom, Amberger, Wohlgemuth, Burgkmair, and others. On the back wall of the N. aisle are portraits of all the bishops from 596 to the present day. The choir-chapels, con- taining the tombs of many bishops, are separated from the choir by tasteful iron screens. The fine cloisters on the N. side (late-Gothic, 1474-1510) contain tombstones, some of them very old. - - To the W. of the cathedral, in the Frohnhof, with its handsome War Monument by Zumbusch, is the Royal Palace (Pl. 39), now government-offices; to the E., in the Karolinen-Platz, the Episcopal Palace (Pl. 4). On the right, in the Karolinen-Str. is the Riedinger House, the handsome court of which is fitted up as a winter garden. At the S. end of the street is the Ludwigs - Platz, the busiest part of the town, in the centre of which rises the Fountain of Augustus, the founder of the city, whose statue was cast by the Dutch master Gerhardt in 1594. On the right is the Ecchange (Pl. 5); on the 102 Route 22. AUGSBURG. , Rathhaws. left the Perlach-Thurm (Pl. 33), a clock-tower, erected in 1063 as a watch-tower, heightened in 1615, and crowned with a figure of Cisa, the ancient tutelary goddess of Augsburg, as a vane. — The Jacobi-Strasse (reached by turning to the left at the Perlach-Thurm and descending the Barfüsser-Gasse; Pl. C, D, 3) is still one of the most mediaeval streets in existence. Near it is the Fuggerei (p. 104). The Barfüsserkirche (Pl. 19) contains pictures by Upper German masters of the 17th and 18th cent. and an excellent organ. The *Rathhaus (Pl. 38; bell in the vestibule to the right, in the middle; in summer the keeper is usually in the hall upstairs), a handsome Renaissance edifice, was erected in 1615–20 by Elias Holl. On the gable in front is a large pine-cone in bronze, the heraldic emblem of the city. The lower vestibule contains an eagle, with gilded beak and claws (1606), and busts of Roman emperors from Caesar to Otho. An antechamber on the first floor, borne by eight columns of red marble, has a fine wooden ceiling and a statue of Chr. v. Schmid (d. 1854; see p. 99), the educational writer. On the second floor is the ‘Golden Hall', 40 by 20 yds., and 54 ft. in height, lighted by three rows of windows, one above another, with panelled ceiling containing paintings by Kager. The four adjoining Fürstenzimmer also have fine wooden ceilings, artistic stoves, and a few pictures, casts, flags, etc. Fine view from the tower. To the S.W., in the Ludwigs - Platz, opens the Philippine- Welser-Strasse, in which a Statue of Joh. Jac. Fugger (d. 1575) was erected in 1858. To the E. of the monument is the handsome house (Pl. 34) in which Philippina Welser was born. To the W. is the Maximilians-Museum (Pl. 32), a Renaissance edifice of the 16th cent., containing the collections of the Historical and Natural History Society and the Industrial Hall (daily, except Sat. after- noon, 10–1 and 2–5, in winter 10–12 and 3-4; tickets, 50 pf, each, at Oberdorfer's, opposite, D, 32). The pictures include portraits by Amberger, and an Adoration of the Magi by Gumpolt Giltlinger, a rare contemporary of Holbein; also coins, medals, wood-carvings, Smith's work, and relics from lake-dwellings and tombs. We return hence to the neighbouring Maximilians – Strasse, where there are two fountains, the Mercury, and the Hercules, executed by Adr. de Vries in 1596–99. – On the right is the long Fuggerhaus (PI. 8), the property of Prince Fugger, adorned with modern frescoes by F. Wagner, illustrating the history of the town and the Fugger family. . Subjects of these scenes (from left to right): 1. Emp. Rudolph of Haps- burg confirms the municipal privileges of Augsburg (1273); 2. Emp. Lewis the Bavarian takes Augsburg under his protection (1315); 3. Jacob Fugger founds the Fuggerei (1519); 4. Emp. Maximilian I. holding his court at Augsburg (1500); 5. Anthony Fugger interceding for the town with Charles V. (1547). Friezes with allegorical groups of children form a kind of frame to these paintings. Between the windows of the first floor are the armorial bearings of distinguished families of Augsburg. Over the principal portal is a Madonna. The office of the Fugger estates (‘Domânenkanzlei’, at the back Picture Gallery. AUGSBURG. 22. Route. 103 of the Fuggerhaus, in the Zeugplatz) contains the so-called *Fugger Bath Rooms, two sumptuous apartments in the Italian style (1570– 72), now used for the meetings and exhibitions of the Augsburg Art Union (open Sun., Wed., Thurs. , 50 pf.). Opposite is the Arsenal (Pl. 44), an imposing edifice with a façade by Elias Holl. Above the portal, which bears the inscription ‘pacis firmamento, belli instrumento', is a bronze group, by Reichel, of *St. Michael smiting Satan (1607). . At the S. end of the Maximilians – Strasse are the two churches of St. Ulrich (Pl. 26), one Protestant, the other, the *Church of St. Ul- rich and St. Afra, Roman Catholic. The lofty nave of the latter was erected in 1467–99, and in 1500 the foundation of the choir was laid by Emp. Maximilian I. Pictures of that period on the W. wall represent the ceremony and the procession of the Emperor with the estates and cardinals. The nave and aisles are shut off by a highly elaborate iron *Screen, of the 16th cent., which when seen from the choir produces a striking effect of per- spective. The three handsome *Renaissance altars date from 1604. Below that to the right is a vault with the marble sarcophagus of Bishop Ul- rich (10th cent.), patron of the see of Augsburg. Finely carved confes- sionals of the beginning of the 17th cent. In the nave is a Crucifixion in bronze by Reichel and Neidhardt, cast at the beginning of the 17th century. In the chapel of St. Bartholomew (left aisle) is a Roman Sar- cophagus. The Fugger Chapel, with its fine iron railing of 1568, con- tains the “Tomb of Hans Fugger (1589), a marble sarcophagus with re- cumbent figure by A. Colins of Malines; also an altar with fine early- German carvings (14th cent.), recently erected. The tasteful pentagonal porch of the N. portal was added in 1881. To the W. of the Hercules Fountain opens the Katharinen- Strasse, in which is situated the * Picture Gallery, in the old monastery of St. Catharine (Pl. 10; open daily from 9 to 1; fee; catalogue 2 /., out of date). The collection consists of over 700 paintings from the suppressed churches and convents of Augsburg, the convents of Kaisheim and Schönfeld, the Boisserée and Waller- stein cabinets, and the old galleries of Düsseldorf, Mannheim, and Zweibrücken. It is chiefly interesting for its early German masters, in particular the best works of Hans Holbein the Elder and H. Burgk- mair, whose names mark the zenith of art in Augsburg (beginning of 16th cent.). VESTIBULE: The four church fathers, on the four wings of an altar-piece, by Hans Pacher. Roomſ I. In the centre, marble bust of the younger Hol- bein after his portrait of himself at Bâle, executed by Lossow. 16-27. Cycle of paintings belonging to the old convent of St. Catharine, relating to an indulgence granted to its inmates; the seven principal churches of Rome are represented; above, Scenes from the Passion. 16-18. Holbein the Elder, Basilica of S. Maria Maggiore (1499); 19. Burgkmair, Basilica of St. Peter (1501); 20-22. Burgkmair, S. Giovanni in Laterano; 23. L. F. (?), SS. Lorenzo and Sebastian; 24. Burgkmair, S. Croce; 25-27. Holbein the Elder, S. Paolo. 42, 43. Wohlgemut, Ascension and Crucifixion; 47-49. Altdorfer (or rather Ulrich Apt), Christ on the Cross and the two malefactors; 50, 51. (grisaille) Annunciation; 52, 53. Burgkmair, Emperor Henry II. and St. George (1519); 59. Giltlinger (not Amberger; comp. p. 102), Adoration of the Magi; 66-69. Schaffner, The Last Supper, Christ before Pilate, Denial of Peter, Christ washing his disciples’ feet; 79-82. Zeitblom, Legend of St. Va- lentine; 84-86. Holbein the Elder, Triptych, Transfiguration, Feeding of 104 Route 23. NEUMARKT. the four thousand, Healing of the demoniac (1502); 87. The same, Passion. — Room II. Netherlands schools. 99. Aart de Gelder, Garland; 109. Schel- lincks, Sea-piece; 118. Van Dyck (?), Portrait of a marine painter; 97. Sny- ders, Bear-hunt; 121. Cuyp, Pastoral scene; 205, 206. Van Dyck, Sketches (grisaille) for engravings: 169. Kneller (after Van Dyck), Queen Henrietta Maria; 164. School of Rubens, Arabs fighting with crocodiles — Room III., chiefly Italian artists. 426. Rosalba Carriera, Head of a child; 424. S. Bour- don, Idyl; 372. Ribera, St. Sebastian; 266. Millet, Classical landscape. Second division: 265. Tintoretto, Christ at the house of Mary and Martha. Third division: 382. Jacopo de’ Barbari, Still-life (1504); *388. Parmeggianino, Ma- donna and Child, with a monk ; *383. Leonardo da Vinci (?), Head of a girl; 287. Marco d’Oggionno (more probably Gian Pietrino), St. Mary Magdalene. Fourth division: 304. J. A. Koch, St. George and the dragon, in a heroic landscape. Last wall: 271. Fr. Torbido, Transfiguration. — In the five CAB- INETs are many excellent small pictures. I. 536. Adr. Brouwer, Portrait of the painter Lievens; 631. Jan van 0s, Flowers. — II. 635. B. Cuyp, Circum- cision of Christ ; *120. Jan Steen, Merry party; 548. I. van Ostade, Peasant’s hut. – III. 601. Hobbema, Sylvan path; 623. Philip Wouwerman, Hawking; 100, 569, 584, *586. Van Goyen, Landscapes; 563. Pynacker, A wanderer; 628. Poelenburg, Waterfall. — IV. 13. , Cranach the Elder, Pharaoh and his host overwhelmed in the Red Sea; *44-46. Burgkmair, Christ on the Cross and the two malefactors (1519); Altdorfer, Angel-choirs in a church, with the Holy Family in front. — V. Holbein the Elder, 674. Legend of St. Ulrich; 676. Beheading of St. Catharine (1512); 683-685, Crucifixion, De- scent from the Cross, Entombment; 6-8. Burgkmair, Christ and Mary en- throned, with saints (1507); 673, 675. Holbein the Elder, Madonna, St. Anna, and the Infant Christ, Crucifixion of St. Peter; Dürer, 668, Virgin with the pink (1516), 669. The Virgin as mediatrix; *696. Barthel Beham, Portrait; 672. Holbein (? or probably an Italian master), Portrait of a woman. The new streets between the town and the railway-station contain several handsome buildings: in the Fugger-Strasse the Courts of Law and the new *Theatre (Pl. 43), and in the Halder-Strasse the Gymnastic Hall and the Corn Market. --> . On the E. side of the town extends the public Park, at the upper end of which are the large water-works in the Lech called the ‘Ablass', for conveying water to the town (*Restaurant). Ad- jacent is the Brunnenwerk for supplying the town with drinking- water. — In the Wertachthal, 21/2 M. to the S.W. (tramway, see p. 100), is Göggingen, a watering-place (Hessing's Pension), with a large summer-theatre, concerts, etc. From Augsburg to Munich, see R. 26. 23. From Nuremberg to Ratisbon. 62 M. RAILWAY in 2/4-58/4 hrs. — From Nuremberg to Ratisbon by Schwandorf, see R. 32 and p. 119 ; from Ratisbon to Linz, see R. 33; from Linz to Vienna, R.R. 37 and 38. The line at first runs through wood. 2 M. Dutzendteich, a fa- vourite resort of the Nurembergers (tramway to Nuremberg, see p. 96). At (71/2 M.) Feucht, branch-lines diverge E. to Altdorf, and W. to Wendelstein. From (10M.) Ochenbruck, a pleasant walk into the romantic Schwarzach-Thal, 11/2M. to the W., by Schwarzen- bruck. 164/2 M. Postbauer. The line crosses the Ludwigs-Canal. 224/2M. Neumarkt an der Sulz (Gans; Eyner, near the station), a prettily-situated town of 5700 inhab., with chalybeate and sul- phureous springs. Observe the Gothic Church and the 15th cent. : ; % % Ø % Ø Ø % º % % º % - º % Augsburg. 1 : * 0.000 -oo: -o- 300 ºf eter. - -T 15 &c., B. 5. 29.ſtagg & Land. fºothek (Antiquawm, 4. Bºchº. Pºzzzzzz . 5. Börse. . . . . . 6 Domºnºkaw, Kºoster §. - ºqqerhawa ...” -- 10 Gennääzo Gazzarºe . 11 tieschwitzgiorsere: . 12 Geºrerbeºzºa . 13.6/mnasium . . . 14. Herczzzes Bratzverz . Geograph. Anstalt von Wagner & Debes. Leipzig 16. Mºrankenhaaw. . . 17.3%Anna ºozart/ſ) 18&#Anzong. . . . . 19. Barfºssorſ/ºwn ſlaster). 20. Don . . . . 21.5% Geory 2. ...} - - 23.3%argareth. 24.5%axºan 25.3%fortez 26.3% Ulrich . 27.5%Uryuzz. 28.8%&epſian D Gasthö fe - a Diwi Mehren * b. Gotaneºube c. Bay. Hof d. Mohrenkopf’. f. Weissex.ammu 3. Eisenhwa- h. Unet. Ignomen. # 30Aſºkaze. 31 Moretzrºy Brannen. 32.7ſawatant . . . . . 33 ºzeňňarm. . . . 3+. Philippine Weſzer Harts 35.6 ewerbeschule . 36.4%lizei, 37, Powº , . . . . 38. Rathſtarts . 39, ferºczen.º.º. Zozy 40.9%azzaz 42.5ºerwarrante 43. Theate” . … . B I. C. 4. > i | : & i ºfºº ºr a 5 - 25 gº º - | -i| º : ſº s 3. s: º: 5 § - - - N Nº. ºt - - N * - 57. §§§ sts SN º N. R. º - §§§ § § N º º - N S §§ s - tº | : g g RATISBON. 23. Route. 105 Rathhaus. The Schloss contains the law-courts. About 3 M. to the E. are the ruins of Wolfstein and the Mariahilfberg, a fine point of view. Branch-lines to Freystadt and Beilingries. The line traverses the broad Sulzthal and enters a wooded and hilly region. Beyond (29 M.) Deining it crosses the Laber near its source. 35 M. Seubersdorf; 391/2 M. Parsberg, picturesquely situated on the slope of a hill, which is crowned by an old château, now the district tribunal. The church contains a late-Gothic font of the 15th century. - Near (46 M.) Beratzhausen the train enters the picturesque valley of the Schwarze Laber, wild and romantic at places, passes Laber and Eichhofen, describes a wide circuit towards the E., and enters the pleasant Nabthal. Near (56 M.) Etterzhausen, much visited from Ratisbon, is the ‘Robbers' Cave', a lofty dome-shaped cavern in the rock. - The line follows the slope on the right bank of the Nab, crosses the Danube near (60 M.) Prüfening, above the influx of the Nab, and reaches — - 62 M, Ratisbon. – Hotels. GoLDENEs KREUz (PI. a), R., L., & A. 2-3.4., D. 21/2 .4., B. 80 pf.; *GRÜNER KRANZ (Pl. d), R., L., & A. 2-3, D. 21/2 ...A.; *KRONPRINZ (P.I. c), R., L., & A. 2, D. 21/2 J/4.; WEISSER IIAHN (Pl. b), near the bridge; *HôTEL NATIONAL (Pl. f), *WEIDENHOF, and ACII- NER in the Maximilians-Str. ; POST, Dom-Platz, unpretending. Restaurants. *Rail. Restaurant; Weues Haus, in the theatre; Weisse Lilie, near the station; Guldengarten, outside the Jakobsthor; Wurstküche, quaint, below the bridge (open 6-11 a.m.). - Wine. *Diem 27m Grünen Baum, Ludwig-Str.: Geiling, Glockengasse B, 31. — Beer. At the Bischofshof, Domplatz; Weisses Bräuhaus, Schwarze Bären-Str. ; Jesuitenbräu, Obermünstergasse; Karmeliterbräu and Hochsteller, Maximilian-Str.; Bolland, Ostengasse; Pfaller, Ludwigs-Str. ; at the Katha- *inenspital, in Stadt-am-Hof, to the left of the bridge. — Schillfisch and Scheidfisch, or Waller, are good kinds of fish. Post-Office, Dom-Strasse, opposite the S. side of the cathedral. — Tele= graph-Office, Neupfarr-Platz. Steamboat to Donaustauf ( Walhalla) from the Untere Wöhrd by the lower bridge (Pl. D, 2), in summer 4 times (last half of Sept. 3 times, in Oct. twice) daily in 40 min. (back in 1-1/4 hr.); return-fare 1st cl. 1 .4. 40 pf., 2nd cl. 1 .4. — Carriages. One-horse (1-2 pers.) to Donaustauf 3./., to the Walhalla (in 11/4 hr.) 4!/2./4., there and back with stay of 11/2 hr. 7./4. — Two-horse carr. to Donaustauf for 1-2 pers. 4, for 3-4 pers. 5 J/4., to the Walhalla (in 1 hr.) 5 or 6./4., there and back with stay of 1/2 hr. 10 or 13./4. (The hirer should insist on being driven up to the Walhalla, as the drivers are apt to stop at the foot of the hill.) — STEAM: TRAMwAY from Stadt am Hof (p. 109) to Donaustauf in 50 min. ; fare 75 or 45 pf., return 1 J%. 10 pf. or 75 pf. ; starts close to the bridge. Baths (20 pf.) at the Obere and the Untere Wöhrd. Ratisbon, Germ. Regensburg (1010 ft.), situated at the con- fluence of the Danube and Regen, with 37,567 inhab. (6000 Prot.), the Castra Regina of the Romans, the Celtic Ratisbona, and since the 8th cent, the seat of an episcopal see founded by St. Boniface, was from the 11th to the 15th cent. one of the most flourishing and populous cities of S. Germany. At an early period it was a free town of the Empire, and from 1663 to 1806 the permanent seat of the Imperial Diet. By the Peace of Luneville it was adjudged to *>, 106 Route 23. RATISBON. Cathedral. the Primate Dalberg; and in 1810 it became Bavarian, after the disastrous defeat of the Austrians beneath its walls the preceding year, when part of the town had been reduced to ashes. Some of the numerous mediaeval houses still retain the armorial bearings of their ancient owners, and several still possess their towers of defence, a reminiscence of early German civic life now preserved at Ratisbon alone. Of these the Goldene Thurm in the Wahlenstrasse is the most conspicuous, near which, in the Watmarkt, is a tower with a relief said to be a portrait of Emp. Henry I. Ob- serve also the Goliath, the ancestral seat of the powerful Thundorffer family, opposite the bridge, restored in 1883; the so-called Römer- thurm, adjoining the ancient ‘Herzogsburg’ in the Kornmarkt; and the tower of the ‘Golden Cross' hotel. Ratisbon is one of the earliest homes of art in Germany, and so far back as the late Carlowingian period possessed many interesting buildings. 3. Of Roman Buildings there are still a few relics. Thus the remains of the Porta Praetoria in the street ‘Unter den Schwibbögen”, No. F, 112, on the N. side of the Bischofshof (Pl. 1). Parts of the old Roman walls were found during building operations, but have been covered in again. .The foundations of a Roman building to the S. of the railway station were excavated in 1885 (P1. A, B, 5). During the construction of the railway-station in 1870-74 a large Roman and Merovingian burial-ground was discovered; the objects found there are now in the Roman museum in St. Ulrich's (p. 107). - ~ - The * Cathedral (Pl. 5) of St. Peter was begun by Bishop Leo Thundorffer on the site of an earlier edifice in 1275, and completed during the following centuries (down to 1534), with the exception of the towers. The symmetrical proportions of the interior recall Strassburg Cathedral. Peculiarities of construction are that the transept does not project beyond the sides of the aisles, and that the choir is destitute of the ambulatory and chapels usual in Gothic churches. The W. façade, with the chief portal and a curious triangular *Porch (undergoing restoration), is of the 15th century. A gallery, with open stone balustrade, is carried round the roof, and affords a good survey of the town. On the N. side of the transept rises the Eselsthurm, or Asses’ Tower, containing a winding inclined plane. The elegant open "Towers were completed in 1859–69 by Denzinger; and a slender wooden spire, coated with zinc, has been raised above the centre of the transept. Length of interior 306 ft., breadth 125 ft.; nave 132 ft. high. (Admission 5–10 a.m.; the sacristan's house is Domgarten, F, 125, at the back of the choir; enter by the gate on the S. side.) The nave contains a monument in bronze erected in 1598 to Bishop Philip William, Duke of Bavaria. In a niche in the N. aisle, partly concealed from view, is the monument of the Primate Prince Dalberg (d. 1817), designed by Canova, and executed in white marble. On the N. side of the choir the *Monument of Margaretha Tucher in bronze, by P. Vischer (1521; see p. 87), representing Christ with the sisters of Lazarus. On the opposite wall of the choir is a marble relief in memory of Bishop Herberstein (d. 1663), representing Christ feeding the five thousand. Ad- jacent, the altar-tomb of Bishop Wittmann (d. 1833). On the S. side of the choir are two other modern monuments to bishops, by Eberhard; near Rathhaus. RATISBON. 23. Route. 107 them a well 66 ft. in depth, with an elegant covering sculptured in stone, executed in 1501 by the cathedral- architect Wolfgang Roritzer, who was beheaded in 1514, for “rebellion against the imperial authority”. The aisles contain five altars with handsome Gothic canopies and modern pictures. The finest of these is in the N. aisle, with statues of Emp. Fred- erick II. and the Empress Cunigunde. The high-altar, presented in 1785 by the Prince-Bishop Count Fugger, is entirely of silver; adjoining it is the elegant *Ciborium, 56 ft. in height, with numerous statuettes, partly executed by Roritzer in 1493. Late-Gothic pulpit of 1482. An elegant open gallery runs round the interior of the church below the win- dows. The treasury contains old and costly crucifixes, reliquaries, and Other valuables. The *Cloisters on the N. side of the cathedral are shown by the sacris: tan. The central hall contains beautifully - sculptured windows of the 16th cent. ; the pavement is formed by the tombstones of canons and patri- cians of Ratisbon, Adjoining this hall on the E. is the Romanesque All Saints' Chapel, erected in 1164, with the remains of early frescoes and an interesting antique altar. On the N. side of the cloisters is the Old Cathedral (St. Stephen's), a very early building in the circular style, with four re- cesses in the sides. The altar in the apse, a block of stone partly hol- lowed out, with elegant little round-arched windows, in which relics are said once to have been kept, is evidently of great antiquity. Just beyond the cathedral is St. Ulrich, or the Alte Pfarre, a curious but elegant church in the transition-style of the first half of the 13th century. It now contains the older collections of the Historical Society (see below), prehistoric and Roman, including several sarcophagi and over thirty inscriptions. The gallery contains the bronzes and other smaller antiquities (adm. daily 9–5, 50 pf.; catalogue 30 pf.). In the Kornmarkt, to the S.E. of the cathedral, rises the Gothic Minoritenkirche (Pl. 8), built early in the 14th cent., with a fine lofty choir. Part of it is now a military store-house, and the ad- jacent monastery is now a barrack. Opposite is the Alte Kapelle, a rococo church, tastefully decorated. . From the cathedral we now go to the W., through the Kramer- gässchen and across the Kohlenmarkt, to the Rathhaus (Pl. 17), a gloomy, irregular pile, partly erected in the 14th cent. and partly after 1660. The Imperial Diet met here from 1663 to 1806. Observe the façade towards the Rathhaus-Platz, with an elegant bow-window and a fine portal. Cards of admission at the police guard-room, Rathhausplatz, D, 122 (50 pf., each). The great Imperial Hall contains what is groundlessly called the im- perial throne, covered with leather and studded with brass nails. The walls are hung with tapestry. The stained-glass windows exhibit the ar- morial bearings of Emperors Charles V. and Matthias. In the Fürsten- kollegium is preserved tapestry of the 14-15th cent.: AEneas and Dido, Coronation of Esther, Contest of the virtues and the vices; also embroidery of the same period (“the heart's joys and sorrows"); tapestry of the 15th- 17th cent. (mythological and hunting scenes). The Webenzimmer (entrance under the gallery of the Imperial Hall) contains old flags, portraits, views of Ratisbon (1725) and Nuremberg (1637), etc. In the Model Room are eighty-eight models of buildings in Ratisbon, antiquities, etc. Subterranean dungeons aud a torture-chamber are also shown. Farther to the W. is the HAIDPLATz. Here, on the right, Nos. D, 93, 94 (Pl. 20), is the New Gymnasium, the third floor of which, 108 Route 23. RATISBON. St. Emmeram. belonging to the Historical Society (p. 407), contains its archives and library, coins, drawings, seals, weapons, pictures, etc. (For admis- sion apply to the custodian in St. Ulrich's church.) On the same floor are the herbarium and library of the Bavarian Botanical Society (the oldest in Germany, founded in 1790). The same building con- tains the Kreisrealschule (entered from the side-street) and (on the 3rd floor) the collections of the Zoological and Mineralogical Society (open on the first Sunday of each month). Adjacent is the hotel “Zum Goldmen Kreuz' (Pl.: a), the massive tower on the E. side of which bears a medallion-portrait of Don John of Austria (modern). This celebrated general, a natural son of the Emp. Charles V. and the beautiful Barbara Blumberger, was born at Ratisbon on 25th Feb., 1547. The Emperor lodged, during the Diet of 1546, at the ‘Golden Cross”, then the house of Bernard Kraft auf der Haid, but that Don John was born here is a fiction. Going hence through the Ludwig-Str. to the Arnulphplatz, and turning to the left, past the Theatre (Pl. 11), we reach the church of the old Benedictine Abbey of St. Jakob, usually called the Schotten- kirche (Pl. 10), the abbey having originally belonged to Scottish or Irish monks. The famous Romanesque portal is adorned with curious sculptured figures of men and animals, perhaps symbolical of the victory of Christianity over paganism. The church, a Roman- esque basilica of the 12th cent., containing columns with interesting old capitals, has lately been restored. The old monastery is now a seminary for priests. - To the E. of the Jakobskirche is the Bismarck-Platz, with pleasure-grounds, on the N. side of which rises the large Gothic Dominikanerkirche. Going straight on, towards the E., is the Ge- sandten-Str., with the Prot. Dreieinigkeitskirche. In the adjoining court a number of interesting tombstones are built into the wall. In the vicinity, outside the Jakobsthor, is a Gothic Column of 1459 with scriptural scenes and statues of saints, restored in 1855. The Bereiterweg leads S. from the Bismarck – Platz to the Aegidien-Platz, where are situated the Rom. Cath. Krankenhaus and the Gothic Aegidienkirche, recently restored. The Marschall- Str. to the left leads thence to the EMMERAMS-PLATZ, embellished with a statue of Bishop Joh. Mich. Sailer (d. 1832), in bronze, by Widnmann, erected by Ludwig I. in 1868. The Predigersäule, or ‘preacher's column', outside the Petersthor, with interesting reliefs of the 13th or 14th cent., was restored in 1858. The old Benedictine Abbey of St. Emmeram (Pl. 11), one of the oldest in Germany, was founded in the 8th cent., and extended and embellished by Charlemagne. The Romanesque church was restored early in last century in a degraded style. (The sacristan's house is to the right of the church, C, 152.) The entrance is from the Emmerams-Platz, through a double door, above which are faded frescoes. Between the doors is a relief of Christ bearing the Cross (1511). On the wall to the right are blind arches resting Stadt am Hof. RATISBON. 23. Route. 109 upon columns; to the left in the garden is the isolated church-tower, adorned with statues (16th cent.). The porch adjoining the church-door con- tains an ancient stone seat. On the wall to the right is the tombstone of the historian Aventin (d. 1534). The principal altar-piece is a painting by Sandrart, the martyrdom of St. Emmeram; in front of the altar inscribed stones denote the tombs of Emp. Arnulph (d. 899) and Emp. Lewis the Child (d. 911). The aisles contain some interesting ancient sculptures; in the left aisle: monuments of Empress, Uta, wife of Arnulph (13th cent.); Count Warmund v. Wasserburg (d. 1010); Dukes Arnulph (d. 937) and Henry (d. 995) of Bavaria; and St. Aurelia, daughter of Hugh Capet (d. 1027), erected in 1335. This aisle also contains the altar of the mar- tyred Maximanius, with his relies; and a cabinet (opened by the Sacristan) with relics of SS. Emmeram and Wolfgang, reliquaries, ecclesiastical an- tiquities, etc. In the vaulted treasury are a handsome sarcophagus, hewn at Ratisbon in 1423 and containing the relics of St. Emmeram, and other curiosities. Below the W. choir is a crypt of the year 1052, restored in 1878. The fine old Cloisters on the S. side of the church (13th and 44th cent.) are enclosed by the extensive abbey-buildings, which have been the residence of the Princes of Thurn and Taxis since 1809. The way to the cloisters (open daily, 41–42) is to the right of the church, past the Reitbahn, or riding-school (with sculptures by Schwanthaler); then through a portal to the left into the large court with the old Kaiserbrunnen (with figure said to represent Emp. Arnulph); and again to the left to a door with a glass roof, where we find the porter (fee). In the centre of the cloisters is the modern Chapel, adorned with stained glass; in the choir is a statue of Christ by Dannecker (p. 8); the crypt contains the family burial- vault with its handsome sarcophagi. At the end of the E. wing of the cloisters is a fine gate, said to date from the 11th cent. In the Anlagen, or pleasure-grounds, laid out on the site of the old ramparts, is a small circular temple (Pl. 51), outside the Peters- Thor, erected in 1808, with a bust of Kepler, the astronomer, who died here in 1630 whilst on a journey. The Anlagen contain several other monuments. - The Royal Villain the Gothic style, on an old bastion at the lower end of the town, near the Ostenthor, commands an extensive view. A stone bridge over the Danube, 380 yds. in length, built in the 12th cent., connects Ratisbon with Stadt am Hof, a suburb on the opposite bank, which was almost entirely burned down by the Austrians in 1809. Below Stadt am Hof the Regen, empties its tur- bid water into the Danube. - Pleasant Walk through Stadt am Hof to the Dreifaltigkeitsberg and the (3/4 hr.) Seidenplantage (Restaurant; fine view, best by evening light). On the left bank of the Danube, 6M. to the E. of Ratisbon (steam- boat, and steam-tramway from Stadt am Hof, see p. 405), lies the village of Donaustauf (Inn Zur Walhalla), rebuilt sine a fire in 1878, with a park of the Prince of Thurn and Taxis. On a lime- stone rock above the village rise the (1/4 hr.) ruins of the castle of Stauf, destroyed by the Swedes in 1634, with pleasure-grounds (view finer than from the Walhalla). . Two routes ascend from Donaustauf to the (20-25 min.) Walhalla; one immediately, to the left, from the inn (at first a carriage-road, then as- 110 Route 23. RATISBON. cending steps and by a footpath to the right, past the house of the custo- dian), approaching the Walhalla from the back, and preferable for the view suddenly disclosed. The other, a footpath, ascends direct to the grand flight of 250 steps by which the edifice is approached from the Danube. The sculptures in the S. tympanum are only seen to advantage from the upper part of the flight. The best general view is obtained from the opposite bank of the Danube. — Travellers arriving by steamer do not enter the village, but follow the first road to the right, and then either ascend to the left through the grounds to the route first described, or go on at the foot of the hill to the flight of steps. - The *Walhalla (i.e. ‘Hall of the Chosen', the Paradise of the an- cient Germanic tribes), a German ‘Temple of Fame', stands very con- spicuously on a hill 323 ft. in height, planted with oaks and laid outh with walks. This magnificent edifice, founded by King Lewis I. in 1830, and designed by Klenze, was completed in 1842. Admis- sion daily 8-1 and 3-7 (Oct. 3-6), in winter 9–12 and 2–4 (free). The ExTERIOR (246 ft. long, 115 ft. broad), surrounded by its fifty-two fluted columns, a fine example of the purest Doric order, closely re- sembling the Parthenon at Athens, is massively constructed of unpolished grey marble (most of it quarried at the Untersberg; some of the blocks about fifteen tons in weight). The PEDIMENTs both in front and at the back contain groups in marble: S., towards the Danube, Germania, re- gaining her liberty after the battle of Leipsic; N. the ‘Hermannschlacht", or Battle of Arminius, both by Schwanthaler (d. 1848). The roof is of iron, covered with plates of copper. The INTERIOR , of the Ionic order, consists of a superb hall 180 ft. long, 50 ft. broad, and 56 ft. high, with richly decorated and gilded ceiling, and lighted from above. The pavement is of marble-mosaic. The lateral walls are divided into six sections by means of projecting buttresses, two on each side, and are lined with marble. The beams of the ceiling are supported by 14 painted Walkyries (warrior-virgins of the ancient German Paradise), by Schwanthaler. Around the entire hall runs a frieze, executed by Wagner, representing in 8 sections the history and life of the Germanic race down to the introduction of Christianity. The busts are arranged chronologically (beginning on the left side by the entrance) in groups, separated by six ad- mirable *VICTORIES by Rauch (the finest of which is that in the middle of the left side). At the farther extremity is the ‘opisthodomos”, separated from the principal hall by two Ionic columns. The general effect of the interior is grand and impressive, although the association of classical Greek architecture with an ancient barbarian Paradise and modern German celebri- ties may appear somewhat incongruous. – The *BUSTs, 101 in number, re- present celebrated Germans who were deemed worthy by the illustrious founder to grace his temple of fame. Among them are the emperors Henry the Fowler, Fred. Barbarossa, and Rudolph of Hapsburg; also Gutenberg, Dürer, Luther, Wallenstein, Fred. the Great, Blücher, Schwarzenberg, and Ra- detzky : Lessing, Mozart, Kant, Schiller, Goethe, etc. *View of the dark slopes of the Bavarian Forest; below flows the Danube; beyond it the fertile plain of Straubing; right, Donau- stauf and Ratisbon; left, in clear weather, the snow-capped Alps. An excursion by train to the * Befreiungshalle, at Kelheim (see p. 111), takes 5 hrs., there and back. 24. From Ratisbon to Donauwörth (and Augsburg). RAILWAY to (18 M.) Kelheim, 1-1/2 hr. ; to (46 M.) Ingolstadt, 2/2-3 hrs. ; to (781/2 M.) Donauwörth, 4-6 hrs. ; to (871/2 M.) Augsburg, 5 hrs. The line passes under the Nuremberg and Ratisbon railway at (2 M.) Prüfening (p. 105) and crosses the Danube, which is here flanked by the spurs of the Franconian Jura. 4 M. Sinzing, at the KELFIEIM. 24. Route. 111 mouth of the Schwarze Laber (branch-line to Alling, with large paper-mills). Then on the left bank of the Danube; pretty scen- ery. Opposite (9 M.) Gundelshausen lies Oberndorf, where Count Palatine Otho of Wittelsbach, the murderer of the German King Philip (p. 68), was overtaken and slain in 1208. Farther on is Abbach, the birthplace of Emp. Henry the Saint (972), with sul- phur-baths, a new church, and a ruined castle. We then cross the Danube to (12 M.) Abbach; the station is 2 M, from the village. The train skirts the Teufelsfelsen, where many Roman coins were found during the construction of the railway in 1873. The Befrei- ungshalle is visible to the left. On the Ringberg are well-defined traces of an extensive Roman camp. — 151/2 M. Saal. To KELHEIM (3 M.), branch-line in 14 minutes. The terminus lies on the right bank of the Danube, which is crossed by a fine new bridge. On the left bank are the government-offices, in an old Schloss of the Dukes of Bavaria; in the garden are the remains of a Roman watch-tower. Relheim (*Ehrenthaller, and *Gold. Adler, at the Donauthor; Haberl, Lang, restaurants with gardens and view ; , carr. with one horse to the Befreiungshalle and back to the station, 1/2 hr., 3 J/4.) is a busy little town with partly preserved walls and gates, at the influx of the Alt- miihl, and through it of the Ludwigs-Canal (p. 72) into the Danube. The market is adorned with statues of Lewis I. and Maximilian II. by Halbig. The late-Gothic Church (1468), lately restored and adorned with polychrome painting, contains altars of white Kelheim limestone. The fine group (Co- ronation of the Virgin) on the high-altar is by Obermeyer; on the altar to the left is a Pietà by Veit Stoss, on that to the right a St. Anna by Knabl. The choir-frescoes are from drawings by Prof. Klein of Vienna. The *Befreiungshalle (“Hall of Liberation"), on the Michaelsberg, to the W. of the town, a magnificent classical edifice, designed by Gärtner and Klenze, was founded by Lewis I. in 1842, and inaugurated on 18th Oct., 1863, the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Leipsic. A rotunda, 191 ft. in height, is borne by a substruction 23 ft. high, and is reached by a flight of 84 steps. On the exterior are 18 colossal female figures, emble- matical of different German provinces; in front of, and below these, 18 candelabra: On the coping above the external arcade, 18 trophies. The interior, which is entirely lined with coloured marble, contains “34 Vic- tories in Carrara marble by Schwanthaler; between these are 17 bronze shields made of the metal of captured French guns, bearing names of vic- tories. Above the arcades are the names of 16 German generals on white marble tablets; higher up, the names of 18 captured fortresses. Below these is a gallery borne by 72 granite columns, 20 ft. in height, with bases and capitals of white marble. The richly-fretted dome, 70 ft. in height and 105 ft. in width, is lighted by a cupola 19 ft. in diameter. Opposite the portal is a staircase ascending to the inner gallery, which affords a good Survey of the interior (fine echo). A narrow staircase leads thence to the Outer gallery, where a view of the valleys of the Danube and Altmühl is enjoyed. — Admission daily 8-12 and 2-6 o'clock (in winter 10-12 and 2-4). The custodian (fee) lives in a house a short distance to the left. Pleasant excursion from Kelheim up the Altmühlthal to (101/2 M.) Riedenburg (carr., in 18/4 hr., 6.4., with two horses 9./4.). The road follows the left bank of the Altmühl, skirting a bare slope, with Wev-Kelheim . and the extensive Kelheim Quarries, and passes Gronsdorf and (21/2 M.) Oberau. To the right, halfway up the hill, is the Schullerloch, a large cavern affording a fine view of the valleys of the Altmühl and the Danube (Re- staurant). [Pedestrians should follow the road to the Befreiungshalle on the right bank of the Altmühl, as far as the first kilomètre-stone, and take the path to the right, skirting the wood, to the Schottenhof, above which, at the Hesselberger in the Au, is a ferry to the Schullerloch. Or they may follow the right, bank to Schellnéck, Alt-Essing and Neu-Essing.] 41/2 M. Neu-Essing 112 Route 24. ABENSBERG. From Ratisbon (Graf's Brewery), commanded by the ruin of Randeck. 7/2 M. Musshausen (Brewery); to the right, on a precipitous and isolated rock, the château of Prunn. To the left diverges a footpath to the Klamm, a mass of rock towering amid the woods on the hillside to the right, and affording a good survey of the Altmühlthal (direct and shady footpath hence to Riedenburg). — 101/2 M. Riedenburg (Post; Riemhofer) possesses three castles (Rosenburg, Rabenstein, and Tachenstein), situated on rocky spurs, which appear to close up the valley. To the left opens the pretty Schambachthal. The Valley of the Danube between Kelheim and (3M.) Weltenburg is very picturesque. The barren and rugged rocks, the gorges and summits of which are wooded, rise abruptly from the river to a height of 300-400 ft. Each of the more conspicuous, rocks is named from some fanciful resem- blance or from some legend, such as the Three Brothers, Maiden, Peter and Paul, Pulpit, Wapoleon, etc. The Benedictine Abbey of Weltenburg, founded by Duke Thassilo of Bavaria in 775 and rebuilt in the 18th cent., lies at the foot of a strongly-fortified Roman station. The present church is a meat rococo structure. The best plan is to take the train to stat. Thaldorf, walk thence to the (3 M.) village and (1/2 M.) abbey of Wel- tenburg, or direct to the latter (3 M.); then descend the river in a small boat (1-6 pers. to Traunthal 2, to Kelheim 3.4.) to the monastery (‘Klöster!") of Traunthal, romantically situated on the left bank (pleasant garden- restaurant), whence a walk of 20 min. through wood brings us to the Befreiungshalle. A good forest-path leads in 1 hr. from the Befreiungshalle to the bank of the Danube opposite Weltenburg (ferry). Three so-called “Roman Walls’, probably of pre-Roman origin, cross the ridge between the §º. of the Danube and the Altmühl; one of them is upwards of M. long. - The line quits the Danube and runs to the S.W. through a wooded and hilly district to the valley of the Hopfenbach. 20 M. Thaldorf. Then through the N. part of the Holledau, a hop-grow- ing district. 25 M. Abensberg (Kuchelbauer), a small town on the Abensfuss, with an old castle (now containing the local court of justice) and an interesting Carmelite church in the Gothic style, was the birthplace of the Bavarian historian Johann Thurmayer, surnamed Aventinus, to whom a monument has been erected in front of the Schloss. Napoleon defeated Archduke Charles here in 1809. To the S. are the pilgrimage – church of Allersdorf and the Romanesque abbey-church of Biburg (1125–50). - From Abensberg a road leads N.W. to (4!/2 M.) Eining, on the Danube, near which are the interesting remains of the Roman frontier-station of Abusina, the chief Roman military post in Bavaria. [Eining is 6 M. from Neustadt (see below), from which it may be reached by a footpath vià Gögging, a village with a strong sulphur-spring and an old Romanes- que church-portal.] The Romans recognised the importance of this spot as the junction of the military roads connecting the Danube territories with the Rhine and with Gaul, and as soon as they had conquered the district (B. C. 45) they established a station here, which they maintained, with three interruptions, down to the end of their sway (5th cent.). The re- mains, excavated since 1879, include a great part of the S. castrum, a bath, with a hypocaust in still usable condition under the floor, and the bath- keeper's house. A guide may be obtained at the parsonage, where Some of the objects found here are preserved; but most of them are in the col- lection of the Historical Society at Landshut. From Eining (Inn; better, Stipberger’s Brewery, in Hºenheim, opposite) we may ascend the Danube by boat to (5 M.) Weltenburg (1-6 pers. 5./., each addit. pers. 60 pf.) and Kelheim. Haderſleck (“Locus Hadriani"), on the left bank, marks the end of the Limes Romanus (Teufelsmauer, Pfahlrain), a frontier-rampart with towers, constructed by Emp. Trajan and Hadrian in 99-138 to protect the Roman Empire against the incursions of the Ger- to Donawwörth. NEUBURG. 24. Route. 113 mans, and extending from the Danube, past Weissenburg am Sand (p. 116), to Wiesbaden, on the Rhine. — Pleasant walk from Hienheim across the Teufelsmauer, through the Hienheimer Forest, with its huge oaks, and past Schlott to the Klamm and (31/2 hrs.) Riedenburg or (3 hrs.) Wew-Essing in the Altmühlthal (see p. 111). - - Beyond (281/2 M.) Neustadt an der Donau the country becomes flatter. The train skirts the extensive forest of Dürnbuch. 331/2 M. Münchsmünster, on the Ilm, formerly a Benedictine abbey. 371/2 M. Vohburg; 46 M. Ingolstadt (p. 117). FROM IN GOLSTADT To AUGSBURG, 41. M., railway in 2 hrs. The scenery is monotonous, the line running at first along the E. margin of the Donau- moos (see below). 31/2 M. Zuchering; 15'ſz M. Schrobenhausen, a town on the Paar, with a late-Gothic brick church of the 15th century. 22 M. Radersdorf; 251/2 M. Aichach; near the latter, to the N.E., is the ruined castle of Wittelsbach, the ancestral seat of the reigning house of Bavaria, destroyed in 1209, with an obelisk erected in 1832. 32 M. Dasing; 37 M. Friedberg, an ancient little town on the Ach, with a modern church, decorated with frescoes by F. Wagner; 38'ſ 2 M. Hochzoll (p. 118). The train then crosses the Lech and reaches Augsburg (p. 100). The railway to Donauwörth traverses the Donaumoos, an extensive marshy district, partly drained and rendered cultivable during the last century. 511/2 M. Weichering ; 54!/2 M. Rohrenfeld, with a royal stud. 58 M. Neuburg (Post), a pleasant town with 7600 inhab., on the slope of a hill rising from the Danube. The older part of the large Schloss of the Dukes of Pfalz-Neuburg is now a barrack. The W. wing, in the Renaissance style, added by Elector Otho Henry in 1538, contains the district archives. Fine vaulted gateway and two rooms with rich timber ceilings. The Historical Society possesses four large pieces of tapestry of the 16th century. The Hofkirche, adjoining the château, contains a valuable collec- tion of ecclesiastical vestments. Herr Grasegger has a collection of antiquities found in the duchy of Neuburg. The town-library and the old throne-room in the townhall are also interesting. The line now traverses a uninteresting district, running 1-3 M. from the right bank of the Danube. From (62 M.) Unterhausen Count Arco-Stepperg's château of Stepperg is seen in the distance to the right, of the river. Farther on is Bertholdsheim, the large Schloss of Count Dumoulin. 66 M. Burgheim; 71 M. Rain, where Tilly, at the age of 73, was mortally wounded in 1632 while defend- ing the passage of the Lech against Gustaphus Adolphus. The line crosses the Lech to stat. Genderkingen, joins the Augsburg Railway, and crosses the Danube to — - 781/2 M. Donauwörth (p. 99). 25. From Frankfort to Munich by Ansbach and Ingolstadt. 252 M. RAILwax in 10-13/2 hrs. See also p. 51. The Munich express at 11 a.m. starts from the E. Station. As far as Würzburg, see R. 14. The Ansbach line here turns to the S.; to the right the Marienberg, Near (85 M.) Heidingsfeld, BAEDEKEIt’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. - 8 114 Route 25. ROTHENBURG. From Frankfort once a fortified town, of which the church-tower alone is visible (interesting relief in the church by T. Riemenschneider: Mourning for Christ) we cross the Main and skirt its vine-clad bank. (The Heidelberg line diverges to the right, see p. 61.) 89 M. Winter- hausen; 91 M. Gossmannsdorf; 94 M. Ochsenfurt (old Romanesque church; fine portal of St. Michael's; well-preserved fortfications with many towers); 97 M. Marktbreit (where we quit the Main and approach the W. slopes of the Steiger Wald); 104 M. Herrnbergt- heim; 1081/2 M. Uffenheim; 112 M. Ermetzhofen; 1161/2 M. Steinach (Goldenes Kreuz). - BRANCH RAILWAY from Steinach vià Hartershofen in 40 min. to (7 M.) Rothenburg on the Tauber (Hirsch, Schmiedegasse, R. 2, D. 2./4.; Bår, R. 1.4.; Jamm; beer at Dickhaut's, Hachtel's, and Beck's; photographs at Herbert's, Herrengasse 19), a charming mediaeval town (8000 inhab.), with red-tiled, gabled houses and well-preserved fortifications. As in Nuremberg the churches are Gothic, the secular buildings Renaissance. Rothenburg is already spoken of as a town in a document of 942, and from 1274 to 1803 it was a free city of the Empire. In the 14th and 15th cent. it was an emergetic member of the Franconian League, in 1525 it joined the insur- gent peasantry, and in 4543 embraced the Reformation. Turing the Thirty Years' War the town was repeatedly besieged and taken. A visit of 4-5 hrs. Suffices for a visit to the chief points of interest. From the railway-station, we walk to (5 min.) the Röder-Thor, the E. entrance of the town, and thence to (5 min.) the MARKET. In front of us is the broad Herrengasse; to the left diverges the Obere Schmiede- gasse, containing the so-called Haus des Baumeisters (No. 343), of 1596, with its handsome façade adorned with Caryatides and old court. At the be- ginning of the Herrengasse (see below), to the left, is the Fountain of St. George, erected in 1608, and to the right rises the handsome *Rathhaus, the older part of which is in the Gothic style, with a tower 230 ft. high, while the later is a beautiful Renaissance structure of 1578, with a projecting rustica portico and balcony (of 1681), an oriel, and an elaborate spiral staircase. The staircase in the interior of the older building ascends to a vestibule with a fine timber-roof supported by Ionic columns. Beyond this is the spacious Court-room (now ‘Kaisersaal"), in which an annual festi- val celebrates the capture of the town by Tilly in 1631. (A picture by Schuch in the Council Room, on the upper floor of the new Rathhaus, refers to the same event.) In the cellars are torture - chambers and dungeons, where, among others, the burgomaster Toppler, accused of treason, per- ished in 1408. The court contains an antique Renaissance portal. The tower (193 steps) commands a splendid view of the town and the Tauberthal. The neighbouring church of *St. James (Jakobskirche), with its two tow- ers and a choir at each end, built in 1873–1471, is remarkable for its fine proportions and the purity of its style (restored in 1851). It contains three fine carved wooden altars: the “altar of the Holy Blood, dating from 1478 (said to be an early work of T. Riemenschneider); the Virgin’s Altar, of 1495; and the *high-altar of ‘the twelve messengers’, with wings painted by Fritz Herlen (1466). The beautiful stained-glass windows of the choir date from the end of the 14th cent. and were restored in 1856. The sacristan lives opposite the E. choir (fee 50 pf.). Adjoining the W. choir, below which a street passes, is a handsome Renaissance house with an º the parsonage. The Gymnasium, in the Kirchplatz, was built II]. * J.L e The passage under the W. choir of the Jakobskirche leads straight towards the N. to the Klingen-Thor and the small Gothic Church of St. Wolfgang, of 1473-83, the N. side of which forms part of the town-wall. — A pleasant promenade outside the wall leads to the left to (6-8 min.) the gate of the grounds laid out on a hill once occupied by a Castle of the Hohenstaufen (line view of the town and of the deep Tauberthal). Below to Munich. ANSBACH. 25. Route. 115 it is the Topplerschlösschen, which once belonged to the unfortunate bur- gomaster Toppler (see above). We now return through the Burgthor to the Herrengasse, which leads to the market (see above), and in which are the early-Gothic Franciscan Church (keys kept by the sacristan) and several houses of patricians of Rothenburg, including the ancient Ber- meter'sche Haus (No. 44, on the right) and the Staudt’sche Haus (No. 16, on the left) with a curious old court. The house No. 48 also has a fine court. The above-mentioned Schmiedegasse and its prolongation the Spital- gasse lead past the Gothic Church of St. John, with the Johanniterhof (now district offices), and the Spital (1570-76) to the Spitalthor, a fortified gateway with a circular bastion (1542). Turning to the right outside the gate, and after 200 paces following the narrow path which leads straight from the tower by the edge of the fields, we reach the Essigkrug, a hill commanding a good view of the town from the S. side. Below, in the Tauberthal, are the late-Gothic Cobolzeller Kirchlein and the old bridge over the Tauber (1330), with its double row of arches. Farther up is the Wildbad (Hotel; garden-restaurant), with a cold sulphur-spring. To the N. of town is the (1/2 M.) old village of Detwang (Inn, wine), with a very fine carved “Altar. DILIGENCE daily in 2/2 hrs. from Rothenburg to (11 M.) Creglingen (*Lamm). The adjacent Hergottskapelle (1/4 hr.) contains a celebrated carved *Altar (uncoloured) by Tilman Riemenschneider. (The old road to Creg- lingen commands, before Schwarzenbronn , a charming survey of Rothen- burg.) From Creglingen diligence thrice daily in 21/2 hrs. to (11 M.), Wei- kersheim (p. 22). — A diligence also runs from Rothenburg daily in 3 hrs. to (13 M.) Roth am See (p. 22), and in 3 hrs. vià Schillingsfürst (Bremer) to (121/2 M.) Dombiihl (p. 23). — Carriage from Rothenburg to (10 M.) Schrozberg (p. 22) in 2 hrs. 181/4 M. Burgbernheim; 11/2 M. to the S.W. lies Wildbad (un- pretending). At (124 M.) Oberdachstetten we enter the valley of the Franconian Rezat. 128 M. Rosenbach; 131 M. Lehrberg. 136 M. Ansbach (Stern; Zirkel; Krone; Schwarzer Bär, next to Peter Elz's house, unpretending; Benkher's Wine Rooms), with 14,234 inhab. (2000 Rom. Cath.), on the Regat, is the capital of Central Franconia. The Schloss, built in 1713, once the seat of the Margraves of Ansbach, who inherited the principality of Bayreuth in 1769, is now occupied by the district-authorities; but the “Für- Stenzimmer' or royal apartments, are kept in their original condi- tion. In front of it stands Halbig’s bronze statue of the poet A. v. Platen (d. 1835). The house in which he was born, in the Platen- Strasse, is indicated by a tablet with an inscription composed by King Lewis I., above which is the old sign of the house, an eagle soaring towards the sun, with the motto, “Phoebo auspice surgit'. The Hofgarten near the Palace, a large park with fine old timber, contains a pavilion with modern frescoes, adjoining the orangery, a monument to the poet Uz (d. 1796), and another marking the spot where Caspar Hauser was assassinated, with the inscription: ‘Hic occultus occulto occisus 14. Dec. 1833’. Caspar Hauser's tombstone in the churchyard is inscribed, ‘Hic jacet Casparus Hauser aenigma Sui temporis, ignota nativitas, occulta mors 1833.” It is believed that this ill-fated youth was a victim, throughout his life and in his death, to the unscrupulous ambition of some noble family to whose dignities he was the lawful heir. The finest church is the late-Gothic * Johanniskirche, in the 8 + 116 Route 25. PAPPENHEIM. From Frankfort Obere Markt, of 1444, restored in 1872; below the choir is the burial-vault of the Margraves of Ansbach, a branch of the Hohen- zollern family. The * Gumbertuskirche, an abbey-church with three Gothic W. towers (1483-93 and 1597) and a late-Gothic choir (1523), contains the fine chapel of St. George, or Ritterkapelle, which was presented in 1459 to the Order of the Swan, founded by Elector Frederick II. in 1440. Twelve stone monuments of knights of the order, formerly in the chapel, are now in the choir. The high-altar in the choir, with carving and with fine paintings by Michael Wohl- gemuth, also belonged originally to the Ritterkapelle. Observe also the Gothic choir-stalls, the scutcheons of knights of the Swan, and the old banners taken by the Ansbachers from the Nurembergers. — On the N. side of the church is the Hofkanzlei, now law-courts, a handsome gabled edifice of 1563. In the Obere Markt, in front of the old Landhaus (built in 1534, restored in 1881), is a pretty fountain of 1515, restored in 1780 and 1815. The collections of the Historical Society are interesting. Near the station are the Slaughter House and a large factory of preserves. – Favourite resorts are Drechsel's Garten (reached in 20 min. from the Schloss by crossing the Schlossbrücke and ascending the Schlossgasse), with a fine view of the town and environs, and the Villa Rein (to the E. of the Hof- garten). - . From Ansbach to Heilsbronn and Wuremberg, see p. 23; to Crailsheim and Stuttgart, p. 23. - & 142 M. Winterschneidbach; 146 M. Triesdorf (3 M. to the E. is Eschenbach, birthplace of the poet Wolfram v. Eschenbach, d. 1228); 1491/2 M. Altenmuhr, on the Altmühl. 1524/2 M. Gunzenhausen, function for Augsburg and Nuremberg (R. 22). The line crosses the Altmühl and follows its valley to Eichstätt. 158 M. Windsfeld ; 1621/2 M. Berolzheim; 165 M. Wettelsheim; 1671/3 M. Treucht- lingen, junction of the line from Munich to Nuremberg, which runs hence vià Grönhard, Weissenburg am Sand, and Ellingen to Pleinfeld, and joins there the Augsburg and Nuremberg line (p. 98). - - The Altmühl is crossed twice. 171 M. Pappenheim (*Eisenbahn Hotel; Deutsches Haus; Krone), charmingly situated, is commanded by the extensive ruins of a castle of the ancient counts of that name. The massive Roman Tower, 100 ft. in height, commands a beautiful view. The town contains two châteaux of Count Pappen- heim, one of them a fine modern building by Klenze. To the S. of (175 M.) Solnhofen, which lies pleasantly on both banks of the stream, are extensive slate-quarries, once worked by the Romans, where upwards of 3000 workmen are employed. The slate, used for lithographing purposes, table-slabs, etc., is largely exported. Num- erous fossils. - - A long tunnel. Then (179 M.) Dollnstein, an old town, still surrounded by walls. Below it, on the left bank of the Altmühl, to Munich. INGOLSTADT. 25. Route. 117 rises the conspicuous, serrated Burgstein. Farther on is the pretty village of Ober-Eichstätt. The line quits the valley of the Altmühl and reaches the (1851/2 M.) station of Eichstätt, situated in a cut- ting, whence a narrow-gauge branch-line runs in 25 min. to 4. M.) — - - Eichstätt (Schwarzer Adler; Schwarzer Bär), an old town with 7475 inhab., seat of an ancient episcopal see founded in 740 by St. Willibald, a companion of St. Boniface. The Cathedral, begun in 1042, with Romanesque towers and the choir of St. Willibald in the transition-style, Gothic nave and E, choir of 1365–96, has recently been tastefully painted. It contains the monument of St. Willibald with his statue, and tombstones of bishops. Good relief (1396) on the N. Portal (Death of Mary), and fine stained-glass in the choir. Fine cloisters with Romanesque columns. The Walpur- giskirche, containing the tomb of St. Walpurgis, from which a ‘mi- raculous oil’ exudes, is visited by numerous pilgrims on 1st May (St. Walpurgis' Day). Above the town rises the dilapidated Wili- baldsburg, the residence of the bishops down to 1730; the tower commands a striking view, best in the evening (apply to the castel- lan). The well is 295 ft. deep. On the Blumenberg, to the N.W., numerous rare fossils (pterodactyl, archaeopterix) have been found. The line traverses a hilly and wooded tract by means of deep cuttings. Stat. Adelschlag; 11/2 hr. thence is Pfünz, above the Alt- mühl, with extensive remains of the Roman fort of Vetonianis, re- cently excavated. 193 M. Tauberfeld; 198 M. Gaimersheim. 200 M. Local Station of Ingolstadt (* Wittelsbacher IIof; Adler; *Bär, moderate), with 17,500 inhab., a strongly fortified town on the Danube, once the seat of a famous university, founded in 1472 by Duke Lewis the Rich, and transferred to Landshut in 1800 and to Munich in 1826 (p. 133). At the end of the 16th cent, it was attended by 4000 students. The Jesuits’ College, founded in 1555, was the first established in Germany. The town was besieged by Gustavus Adolphus in 1632, while his antagonist Tilly lay mortally wounded within its walls (see p. 113). The French General Moreau took the place in 1800 after a siege of three months, and dismantled the fortifications, but they have been reconstructed since 1827. On the right bank of the Danube are strong tétes-de-pont with round towers of solid masonry and the Reduit Tilly. - The Gothic Frauenkirche of 1439, with two massive towers in front, contains the tomb of Dr. Eck (d. 1543), the opponent of Luther, and monuments to Tilly, who was buried at Alt-Oetting (p. 172), and the Bavarian General Mercy, who fell at Allersheim in 1645. The line skirts the glacis, crosses the Danube by means of an iron bridge (to the right is the téte-de-pont), and reaches the (2021/2 M.) Central Station of Ingolstadt (Dintler's Inn), 2 M. from the town, with which it is connected by tramway (20 pf.). Railway to Donauwörth, Augsburg, and Ratisbon, see R. 24. 118 Route 26. GüNZBURG. Stations Oberstimm, Reichertshofen, Wolmgach, and Pfaffenhofen (a busy place with 3000 inhab., on the Ilm). The line follows the Ilm as far as stat. Reichertshausen, beyond which it reaches the Glom, an affluent of the Amper. Stations Petershausen, Röhrmoos. Then down the Amper-Thal to stat. Dachau. The railway intersects the extensive Dachauer Moos, crosses the Würm at stat. Allach, skirts the extensive Park of Nymphenburg, and reaches — 252 M. Munich (p. 121). 26. From Stuttgart to Munich. 1491/2 M. RAILwAY in 51/4-9 hrs. From Stuttgart to Ulm, see R. 8. The line here crosses the Danube, and enters the Bavarian dominions, to which New-Ulm be- longs. 641/2 Burlafingen. Near (67. M.) Nersingen the town and ab- bey of Elchingen are seen rising on the opposite bank of the Danube. the heights of which were occupied by the Austrians under Laudon, 14th Oct., 1805, but were stormed by the French under Ney. From this victory the marshal derived his title of Duc d'Elchingen (comp. p. 25). 69.1/2 M. Leipheim. 74 M. Günzburg (Bär), the Rom. Gumtia, a town with numer- ous towers, lies picturesquely on a hill, at the confluence of the Günz and Danube. Pop. 4100. The Schloss was erected by Margrave Charles, son of Archduke Ferdinand of Tyrol and Philippina Welser (p. 100). We next notice a range of wooded hills to the right, crowned by the castles of Reisensburg and Landestrost (the latter almost entirely removed). 79 M. New-Offingen is the junction for Donauwörth (p. 100) and Ratisbon (p. 113). The train quits the Danube. Near Offingen it crosses the Min- del. 83 M. Burgau, an industrial town on the Mindel, with 2200 in- hab. and an old château. 85 M. Jettingen; 89 M. Gabelbach. The country becomes flatter. On a hill to the left is the small château of Zusameck. Stations Dinkelscherben (where we cross the Zusam), Mödishofen (beyond it across the Schmutter), Gessertshausen, Die- dorf, Westheim. 109 M. Oberhausen is the junction of the Nurem- berg line (p. 100). The train then crosses the Wertach and reaches (1101/2 M.) Augsburg (p. 100). . Beyond Augsburg the line crosses the Lech and traverses a ster- ile plain. 1131/2 M. Hochzoll, junction for Ingolstadt (p. 113). To the left lies the small town of Friedberg (p. 113). The Lech is now quitted. Stations Mering, Althegnenberg (with château), Haspel- moor, Nannhofen, Maisach, Olching (where the Amper, the discharge of the Ammersee, is crossed), Lochhausen. The Dachauer Moos is then traversed. At stat. Pasing the train crosses the Würm, by which the Lake of Starnberg is drained. Near Munich the park and palace of Nymphenburg (p. 166) are seen on the left; then the Mars- feld, or military drilling-ground. 1491/2 M. Munich, see R. 28. 119 27. From Leipsic to Munich viá Hof and Ratisbon. 298 M. RAILway to Munich in 10/2-16/4 hrs. (quicker than the route by Eger). - y #. Leipsic to (103 M.) Hof, see R. 16. Beyond Hof the line traverses a hilly district, running near the winding Saale. 108 M. Oberlºotzau, junction for Eger (p. 64) to the left, and Nuremberg (p.64) to the right. 1101/2 M. Martinlamitz; 115 M. Kirchenlamitz (1834 ft.; 11/4 hr. to the W. rises the Epprechtstein, p. 84). 118 M. Marktleuthen, where the train crosses the Eger. 1224/2 M. Röslau (1916 ft.; diligence daily in 11/4 hr. to Weissenstadt, p. 84). At (125 M.) Holenbrunn a branch-line diverges to (2/2 M.) Wunsiedel (p. 84). At Unterthålaw we cross the valley of the Röslau by a via- duct 115 ft. high. 130 M. Markt-Redwitz, a busy little town on the Kössein, junction of the Nuremberg-Eger line (p. 97). 136 M. Groschlatten- grün. 140 M. Wiesau (1736 ft.; Rail. Rest.), with a chalybeate spring (König Otto-Bad), junction for Eger (p. 64) and of a branch- line to Tirschenreuth. 147 M. Reuth. Then through the valley of the Waldmab to (151 M.) Windisch-Eschenbach and (157. M.) New- stadt an der Waldmab (branch-line to Waldthwrn and Vohenstrauss). 161 M. Weiden (*Post), a pleasant little town (5820 inhab.), junction for Bayreuth (p. 79) and Neukirchen (p. 173). 464 M. Rothenstadt. At (166 M.) Luhe the Heidemab and Waldmab unite to form the Nab. 174 M. Wernberg; 1751/2 M. Pfreimt; 1781/2 M. Nabburg; 185 M. Irrenlohe (junction for Nuremberg, see p. 173). The train now crosses the Nab to (188 M.) Schwandorf (Post), prettily situated, the junction for Pilsen and Prague (R. 32). 192 M. Klardorf. From (198 M.) Haidhof a branch-line runs to the rail-factory of Maximilianshiitte, 11/4 M. to the W.; 21/2 M. to the W. is Burglengenfeld, with a picturesque ruined castle. To the right beyond (1991/9 M.) Ponholz rises Schloss Birkensee. Before (205 M.) Regenstauf the Regen is crossed. 210 M. Wutzlhofen. On the right Ratisbon with its cathedral, and then on the left Donau- stauf and the Walhalla come in sight. Beyond (212 M.) Walhalla- strasse the train crosses the Danube by an iron bridge, 700 yds. long. 215 M. Ratisbon, see p. 105. w - The Munich line traverses an uninteresting district. Stations Obertraubling (to Passau, see R. 33), Köfering, Hagelstadt, and Eggmühl, where the French under Davoust (Prince d’Eckmühl) de- feated the Austrians, 22nd April, 1809. The Grosse Laber is now crossed. Stations Stein rain, (239. M.) Neufahrn, on the Kleine Laber (branch by Geiselhöring to Straubing, see p. 174), Ergolds- bach, and Mirskofen. - 254 M. Landshut (*Kronprinz, R., L., & A, 11/2-2.4., B, 80 pf., D. 2 A.; Dräxlmair; Drei Mohren; *Rail. Restaurant; omn. from the station to town, 11/2 M., 20 pf), with 18,870 inhab., a plesant town with wide streets and gabled houses, lies picturesquely on 120 Route 27. LANDSHUT, A . the Isar, which forms an island within the town. The quarter on the island is called Zwischenbrücken. The chief attractions are in the broad main street, named the ‘Altstadt'. The three principal churches, St. Martin's (about 1392-1495), St. Jodocus (1338-68), and the Holy Ghost or Hospital Church (1407-61; undergoing restor- ation) are fine structures in brick, adorned with sculpturing in stone. The lofty tower of St. Martin's is 462 ft. in height (fifth- highest in Europe). Among the numerous tombstones on the outer walls of this church is (on the S. side, protected by a railing) that of Stetthammer (Hans der Steinmetz, d. 1432), the builder of this church and that of St. Martin, with his bust and a half-length figure of the Saviour. The late-Gothic pulpit, of limestone, dates from 1422. Beautiful late-Gothic high-altar (1424), the back of which is also interesting. The lofty choir-windows contain modern stained glass. – The Post Office (formerly House of the Estates) is decorated with old frescoes of the sovereigns of Bavaria from Otho I. to Maxi- milian I. — The New Palace (1536–43), begun by German, and completed by Italian architects, exhibits features both of the Ger- man and Italian Renaissance. Its columned court and fine upper rooms, with beautiful friezes, are among the best Renaissance works in Germany. (Custodian in the portal, to the right.) Some of the rooms contain an instructive collection of industrial models, estab- lished by Dr. Gehring (Sun., 10–1; at other times a fee). — The Rathhaus, originally erected in 1446, has been entirely restored. New façade, 1860–61. The late-Gothic *Council Chamber (apply at the Registry Office on the first floor), with its fine timber ceiling and chimney-pieces, is adorned with a huge mural painting in tem- pera, by Seitz, Spiess, and other artists, of the marriage of George the Rich. In front of the Rathhaus stands a bronze Statue of Mawi- milian II., by Bernhard. The university of Ingolstadt was trans- ferred to Landshut in 1800, and thence to Munich in 1826. A statue of the founder. Duke Lewis the Rich (d. 1479), has been erected in front of the government-buildings. - - *Burg Landshut or Trausnitz (1530 ft.), an old castle rising above the town, formerly the residence of the Dukes of Lower Bavaria, begun by Duke Ludwig of Kelheim in 1204, was frequently altered, and has suffered greatly from the ravages of time. The pleasantest approach to it is through the Hofgarten with its pretty promenades. The Chapel (1304-31), which lately underwent thorough renovation, is the only part remaining of the original structure. The balustrades, decorated with stone figures, the large relief of the Annunciation, the mural paintings of the altar-recess, and the cibo- rium (1471) are worthy of notice. Some of the apartments are finely painted in the Renaissance style (1576–80), and others contain handsome wooden ceilings and panelling. The mural paintings on the ‘Fools' Staircase”, re- presenting scenes from Italian comedies, deserve inspection. The upper floor has been sumptuously fitted up for the reception of the King of Ba- varia. In the court is a well, surmounted by a fine wrought-iron frame- work, and with pails in bronze (executed, according to the inscription, in 1558). Conradin, the last of the Hohenstaufen, was born at the neigh- bouring castle of Wolfstein (now a ruin) in 1252 and spent a great part of his childhood at the Trausnitz. – Beyond the Trausnitz lies the village of Berg, separated from (11/4 M.) Landshut by the Hofgarten. — From tº a gar- * Wºn gºlº tº ** 4t.r.º. tº 3:44. ** +++ + º § i º # . . % ( - % Zº % - ; H: º § Neuesº's Rathitºus...} § 3ºzº, sº ºgº º º, Fºº - & sº º º - *. º º Sº sº nºt * As / Newe” º Jº ºn >. º, º ż yū / º - -- 1 : 13.250 º N 200 300 º Wagner & Debes, Leipzig Meter. Jaznańrambahn A Geograph. Anstalt von Pºeſia/ºr. MUNICH. 28. Route. 121 den-restaurant on the (1/2 M.) Klausenberg, a fine view is obtained of the town, the castle, and the valley. - FROM LANDSHUT TO LANDAU, 28 M., railway in 2 hrs., the shortest route from Munich to Eisenstein, Pilsen, and Prague. The train follows the left bank of the Isan'. Stations Altheim, Ahrein, Wörth, Loiching, (18 M.) Dingolfing, an old town on the right bank of the Isar. Then across a tract of moorland to Gottfrieding, Schwaigen, Pilsting, and Landaw (p. 184). A railway also runs from Landshut, vià (8 M.) Geisenhausen, to (24!/2 M.) Newmarkt an der Rott (p. 181). The railway ascends the valley of the Isar. 260 M. Gündlkofen; to the left, Schloss Kronwinkel. 262 M. Bruckberg, with a small château to the right of the line; then on the right Schloss Isareck. The Amper is crossed. 2661/2 M. Moosburg, a very ancient town on the Isar ; the Romanesque church contains a fine old carved altar. In clear weather the Alps soon become visible. 271 M. Langenbach. 278 M. Freising (*Ettenhofer; Zur Eisenbahn, unpretending; omn. into the town 20 pf.), a town with 9485 inhab., on the Isar, and partly on a hill (Domberg), has been the seat of an episcopal see (now Munich-Freising) from the 8th cent. to the present day. The Romanesque Cathedral (1161–1205) was marred by alterations in the 17th century. Observe the late-Romanesque portal (partly disfigured) and the curious quadruple crypt, the vaulting of which rests on short round and polygonal columns, with rich capitals. In the raised vestibule, to the left on entering, are statuettes of Frederick Barbarossa and his wife Beatrix (?), of 1161. The cloisters contain some fine tombstones. The Church of St. Benedict, connected with the cathedral by cloisters, contains a fine old and two modern stained-glass windows. The Clerical Seminary, opposite the cathe- dral, contains early German paintings, sculptures, etc. — To the W. lies (20 min.) the loftily-situated Weihenstephan, formerly an abbey, now an agricultural college and brewery. - Next stations Neufahrn, Lohhof, (290 M.) Schleissheim (p. 166), Feldmoching, (2951/2 M.) Schwimmschule, and (298 M.) Munich. 28. Munich. Arrival. The hotel-onnibuses (3/4-1.4%.) meet the trains arriving at the Central Station. Porter from the station to a cab, 20 pf. up to 110 lbs., 40 pf. up to 220 lbs. ; into the town, small articles 20 pf., trunk under 110 lbs. 40 pf., under 220 lbs. 80 pf. — Cab from the station to the town with one horse, 1-2 pers. 50, 3 pers. 60 pf. ; with 2 horses, 1-4 pers., 1.4.; from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. double fare and 20 pf. extra for waiting. Small articles of luggage free, trunks under 55 lbs. 20 pf., above 55 lbs. 40 pf. Hotels (often full in the season). *VIER JAHRESZEITEN (Fouq Seasons; Pl. a ; F, 4, 5), Maximilians-Strasse, R., L., & A. from 5-6.4., B. 1.4. 20, D. at 1 o'cl. 3./. 60, at 5 o'cl. 4./. 50, omnibus 90 pf. : *BAYRISCHER Hor (Bavarian Hotel; Pl. b ; E, 4), Promenaden-Platz, R., L., & A. 5-6 .4., B. 1./. 20, D. at 1 o'cl. 3./. 50, at 5 o'cl. 4./4.50; *HôTEL BELLEVUE (Pl. c.; C, 4), Karls-Platz, patronised by Americans, R., L., & A. from 3 A. 70 pf., D. 3"/2./., B. 1.4. ; *RHEINISCHER HoF (P1. d: C, 4, 5), Bayer-Str., near the station, R. & A. from 21/2 .4., B, 1, D. 3-4./4. ; *Dom-HöTEL (Detzer; Pl. e : E, 5), Kaufinger-Str. 23; *ENGLISCHER Hof (Pl. f.; E, 5), Diener-Str. 11, R., L., & A. from 4.4., B. 1.4. 20 pf., D. 31/2 .4.; *HôTEL LEINFELDER (Pl. g; D, 4), Karls-Platz; *MARIENBAD (Pl.: h; D, 3), Barer-Str. 11, with a .2- 122 Route 28. MUNICEI. Beer. large garden and baths, R., L., & A. 4.4., B. 1.4. 20 pf., D. 3, pension in winter, 7./. ; *HôTEL MAXIMILIAN (PI. i ; F, 5), Maximil.-Str., with café (see below); MAx EMANUEL (PI. K.3 E,4), Promenaden-Platz ; KAISERHOF (formerly Augsburger Hof; Pl. p 3 C, 4), Schützen-Str.; DEUTSCHER KAISER (Pl. r 3 C, Å), opposite the N. entrance to the station, R. from 1/2 .4. ; GRAND HôTEL GRÜNw ALD (PI. w; C, 4), Dachauer-Str., near the Central Station; HôTEL HöRL (Pl. v.; C, 4), Bahnhofs-Platz; EUROPAIscIIER HoF (Pl. 1; C, 5) and Hot. NEUSIGL (PI. q : C, 5) in the Senefelder-Str., near the station; KIL’s HoTEL STACHUs (P1. m ; C, 5), Karls-Platz 24, R., L., & A. 2 vſ. 25 pf. ; OBERPolling ER (Pl. n : D, 5), near the Karlsthor (restaurant below); BAM- BERGER HoF (P.I. o ; D, 5), opposite the last; ACHATZ (Pl. u ; D, 4) and ENGLISCHES CAFé in the Maximilians-Platz ; GRÜNER HOF. Bayer-Str., SoHwBIZERHoF (PI. x; C, 4), Louisen-Str., KRONPRINZ (Pl. Z; C, 5), Zweig- Str. 10, all near the station. — Hôtels Garnis: *NATIONAL (Simmen) and *Wor,FF at the Central Station (N. Side); GAssNER, Bayer - Str., at the station (S. side); *Rotri (Pl. s : F, 5), Neuthurm-Str., R. & L. 21/2 .4. ; ZUM KAPPLER (Pl. y : E, 4), Promenaden-Str. 13; Roy AL, Karls-Platz, 21; ABEN- THUM, Maximilians-Platz 21 (P1, D, 4), R., L., & A. from 1/2 .4. — Pen- sions : BELLEVUE, Brienner-Str. 8 (6-8./. per day); SEILER, Brienner-Str. 46; WALTENBERG, Brienner-Str. 47; NEU, Maximilians-Str. 32; FRÄULEIN SCHMIDT, Bürklein-Str. 1: FRAU RATHIN STRöMEL, Gluck-Str. 7a; KREITMAYR, Maxi- milians - Platz 12; ODEON, Odeons-Platz 1 and Fürsten-Str. 5; FBAULEIN HoFFMANN, Louisen-Str. 38; BüRGER, Louisen-Str. 42 f; Roth, Sonnen-Str. 5; ScHEIDEMANN, Fürsten-Str. 22; BAER, Theresien-Str. 30; WASHEIM, Theresien-Str. 34; BAUER, Theresien-Str. 100; NEUMANN, Prielmaier-Str. 18; HURSACII, Schelling-Str. 62. - Cafés. Luitpold, Brienner-Str. ; Wittelsbach, Herzog-Wilhelm-Str., by the Karls-Thor; Maasimilian, de l'Opéra, Victoria (with garden), all in the Maximilians - Str., also restaurants; Putscher and, Arkaden - Café in the arcades of the Hof-Garten; Ungerer, Odeons-Platz 1; Odeon, Odeons-Platz 2: Hoftheater, Max-Josefs-Platz; Central, Brienner-Str.; Börsen-Café, Maffei- Str. ; Bavaria, Wein-Str.: Danner, Probst, and Karlsthor, near the Karlsthor (closed in the evening); Union, Herzogspital-Str. 12; Royal, Karls-Platz; Impérial and Gassner, Schützen-Str., outside the Karls-Thor; Métropole and dall’Armi, Frauenplatz; Isarlust, on the island above the Maximilians- brücke; Fritsch, Kaufinger-Str. 27; Aichiger (oriental café), Müller-Str. ; Perzel and Greif, Marien-Platz; Schelling, Schelling-Str. 56, near the New Pinakothek, etc. – English Wewspapers at Cafés Maximilian, Probst, Impérial, Union, Wittelsbach, etc. Restaurants at the hotels, wine and beer houses, and most of the cafés. Also: Franziskaner, Residenz-Str., opposite the post-office; Heck, in the arcades; Arcisgarten, corner of Arcis- and Schelling-Str., near the Pinakotheken; Stadt London, Frauen-Platz; Osterr. Restauration, Diener- Str. 20; Paul, Gärtner-Platz. – Wine at the following: "Danner, near the Karlsthor; *Rathskeller (p. 162); *Schleich, Brienner-Str. 8, corner of Maxi- milians-Platz, D. 12-3 p.m. 2./. ; *Eberspacher, in the Kunstgewerbehaus (p. 164), Pfandhaus-Str. ; *Grodemange, Residenz-Str. 19; *Schimon, Kau- finger-Str. 15; *Junemann (Eckel), Burg-Str. 16, and Landwehr-Str. 2; Som- mer, Salvator-Str. 19: D’Orville, Marien-Platz; Neuner, Herzogspital-Str. 20; *Fränkel, Promenaden-Platz 15; Kurtz, Augustiner-Str. 1; Mittmacht, Fürsten- Str. 2, and Maximilian-Str. 32; Michel, Rosen-Str. 11, Hungarian wines; Veltliner Weinhalle, Schiller-Str. 41; Stadt Patras (Greek wines), Maxi- milians-Platz 14; Bodega (Spanish wines), Neuhauser-Str. 12; Italien. Wein- stube, Kapellen-Str. 5; Tiroler Weinstube, Blumen-Str. Beer. The Hofbräuhaus, in the Platzl (P1. F, 5), famous among Ba- varian beer-houses, and one of the sights of Munich, is always crowded by persons of all classes. Opposite, Platzl, Orlando di Lasso, Regensburger Wurstküche, Würnberger Wurstküche; Zur Scholastica, Lederergasse 25, near the Hofbräuhaus; Oberpollinger (see above), at the Karls-Thor; Monachia, Herzog-Wilhelm-Str., near the Karls-Thor; Hirschbräu, Färber-Graben; Pschorr, Spatenbräu and Augustiner, in the Neuhauser-Str.: Mathäser Brău, next Stachus; Europäischer Hof, Senefelder-Str.: Kapple", Promenaden- Str. ; Achatz, Maximilians-Platz 8; Sternecker and Metzgerbräu, in the Thal ; Academy of Art. . , of Science Alte Hof . . . . . . Anatomie . . . . . Archiepis. Palace . Art Union Bank, Bav. Barracks. • e º 9 º' Artillery . . . F, G, 4 Cuirassiers. . . F, 6, 7 Hofgarten . . F, 4 Infantry . . . D, E, 2 Isar, Old . . . F, G, 7 —, New ... F, 6, 7 Bavaria. . . . . . . . A, 7 Blind Asylum . . . F, 2 Botan. Garden . . C, 3,4 Bronze Foundry . . B., 1 Cemetery, Southern . C, D, 7,8 —, new . . . . . . . C, 8 —, Northern . . . . D, 1 Churches. Allerheiligen (Court-) Chapel F, 4 St. Anna. . . . . . G, 4 Auer (Maria- hilf) Kirche . . F, 8 Basilica. . . . . . . C. 3 Carmelites . . . . D, 4 Frauenkirche . . E, 5 Heiliggeist . . . . E, 6 St. John (Haid- hausen) . . . . H. 6 Ludwigskirche . F, 2 St. Michael's . . . D, 5 St. Peter's . . . . E, 5 Protestant . . . . C, 5 Theatine Ch. . , E, 4 Civic Arsenal . . . E. 6 Commandant’s Residence . COrn Hall . . . Crystal Palace . Deaconess Institute Exchange Exhibition Building Feldherrnhalle - General Hospital - Georgianum . . . Glyptothek . C., Government Buildings. . . . Herzog Max Burg . Hofbräuhaus . Hospital of St. Elizabeth . . . . Industrial Art , School D, º e g 9 tº Key to the Plan of Munich. F, 1 D, 1 3 : w : , Library Industrial Ex- hibition Isarthor . . . . . . . * e º 'o - - Lunatic Asylum . Marian Column Maternity Hospital Maximilianeum . Maximiliansbad . . Military Hospital . 5) School . . Ministry of Finances F. » of For- eign Affairs E, 4 2) Of the In- terior . . . E, 4 F, 5 Monuments. Deroy, Schel- ling, Rumford, Fraunhofer. F, G, 5 lian I. . . . . . E, 3 — Max Emanuel E, 4 Gaertner, Klemze E, 6 Goethe . . . . . . D, 4 King Lewis I. . . E, 3 » Max I. . . . E., 4 , Max II. . . G, 5 Liebig . . . . . . D, 4 Schiller. . . . . . E, 3 Senefelder . . . . D. 6 Westenrieder, Gluck, Kreit- mayr, Orlando E, 4 National Museum F, G,5 tº e º g tº g º º Royal Stables . . War Office. . Palaces. Duke Max . . . . — Chas. Theod. . — Ludwig . . G., Prince Luitpold . Prince Ludwig Ferdinand . . . Wittelsbach . . . Panoramas D, 1,2, B Pathological In- Stitute . . . . . Pinakothek, Old —, New . . . . . . Police Office . . . . Polytechnic School Post Office . . . . E f : 4. 2 Priests' Seminary . F, 2 Propylaea. . . . . . . C, 3 Railway Station, Central . . . . . C, 4 Rathhaus, Old . . . E, 5 —, New . . . . . . E. 5 Reichsbank . . F, 3 Riding School. . . . F., 4 Royal Palace . E, F, 4 Schack’s Picture Gallery . . . . C., 3 Schwanthaler Museum . . C, 5 Sieges thor. . . . . . F, 1 Slaughter House. . B, 8 Ständehaus. . . . . E, 4 Synagogue . . . . . E, 6 —, NeW . . . . . . D, 4 Telegraph Office . C, 4 Theatres. Hof-Theater . . . F. A Residenz-Theat. ... F, 4 Gärtner - Platz- Theater . . . . E, 7 Turnhalle B, 1, D, 7 University . . . . . F, 1 Veterinary School. G., 1 Hotels. a Four Seasons F, 4, b Bavaria. . . . . . E, C Bellevue . . . . . C, d Rheinischer Hof C,4, e Domhótel . . . . E, f Englischer Hof. E, g Leinfelder . . . . D, h Marienbad . D, i Maximilian . . . F., k Max-Emanuel . . E, 1 Europäischer Hof . . . . . . . C, m Stephan . . . . . C, n Oberpollinger . . D, o Bamberger Hof D, p Augsburger Hof E, q Neusigl . . . . . D, r Deutscher Kaiser C, S ROth . . . . . . . F, t Franziskaner . . E, u Achatz. . . . . . D, v Hörl . . . . . . . C, w Grünwald . . . . C, x Schweizer Hof . C, y Kappler . . . . . F, z Kronprinz . . . . . C, a National . . . . . B, b Wolff . . . . . . C, c Gassner . . . . . C, d Grüner Hof . . . B., 124 Route 28. MUNICH. Cabs. Bürgerl. Bräuhaus, Kapuziner-Str. ; Colosseumbrău, Colosseum-Str. ; Hacker- bräu and Eberlbräu in the Sendlinger-Str. ; Café Bock, outside the Isarthor, etc., etc. — The “Bierkeller' outside the gates also attract numerous visitors in summer: Hofbräukeller (Pl. H., 6), Wiener-Str. ; Löwenbräukellen’ (P1. B, 2), Stiglimayer-Platz: Arzberger Keller, Nymphenburger-Str. (Pl. B, 2, 3); Franziskanerkeller, Münchner Kindlkeller, Eberlba’āu, etc. on the right bank of the Isar (p. 165); Hackerbräu, Bayer-Str.: Knorrkeller (Pl, A, B, 3); Ba- variakeller, Theresienhöhe. The following kinds of beer are drunk in spring only : Salvator (strong), at the Zacher!-Keller, Au suburb (p. 165), for a week or a fortnight only after 19th March ; Bock (first introduced from Eimbeck in the 16th cent.), usually in May, and at the festival of Corpus Christi in June. - - Confectioners. Rottenhöfer, Residenz-Str. 26; Hof, Promenaden-Platz 6; Bernhardt, Schiller-Str. 40. c Baths. Maasimiliansbad, Kanal-Str. 19, with swimming-bath; Kaiser- Wilhelm-Bad, Lindwurm-Str. 70, with garden and restaurant; Bavariabad, Türken-Str. 70; Centralbad, Lämmer-Str. (P1. C, 4); Marienbad (see p. 121); Giselabad. Müller-Str. 29, 30; Wöstermayr, Müller-Str. 45, and Volks- bad, Baader-Str., with swimming-baths. – Baths in the Würm, near Schwabing (tramway and electric rail): * Ungerer, with garden, etc.; Ger- "mania-Bad. Also at Gern, on the Nymphenburg steam-tramway. Cabs. (Droschke, a one-horse vehicle, for 2-3 pers. Only; Fiaker, with two'horses.) One-horse : 1/4 hr., 1-2 pers. 50, 3 pers. 60 pf.; 1/2 hr. 1./. or 1./4. 20 pf. : 3/4 hr. 1 .4. 50 or 1.4. 80 pf. ; 1 hr. 2.4, or 2./. 40 pf. : 1/4 hr. 21/2 or 3./4. ; 1/2 hr. 3./. or 3./. 60 pf.; 2 hrs. 4.//, or 4./. 80 pf. ; 3 hrs. 5./. 60 or 6 M. 80 pf.; each additional /4 hr. 40 or 50 pf. — Two-horse: 1/4 hr., 1-4 pers. 1 /., 5-6 pers. 1.4. 10 pf. : */2 hr. 2 4 or 2 /.20 pf. ; 3/4 hr. 2./4. 50 or 2./. 80 pf. ; 1 hr. 3./. or 3.4. 40 pf.; 11/4 hr. 3./4. 70 or 4./4. 20 pf. ; 11/2 hr, 4./. 40 pf, or 5./. ; 2 hrs. 5./. 80 or 6.9%. 80 pf. : 3 hrs. 8./. 60 or 9./. 80 pf.; each /4 hr, additional 70 or 80 pf. — Tariff for drives to the following places, for a Droschke with 1-2 pers., and a Fiaker with 1-4 pers. respectively: the Bavaria 1.4. or 1 J%. 80 pf.; Chinese Tower 70 pf, or 1/2 .4. ; , Brunnthal 80 pf. or 1 vſ. 80; Bogenhausen 1 or 2./. ; Kleinhesselohe 1.4. or 2./. 20 pf. ; Nymphenburg 2./. or 3./4. 60 pf. If the carriage is used in returning, the return-drive is paid for by time. — The fare for the first 1/4 hr, must be paid in full, however short the drive; for less than 5 min. of an additional 1/4 hr., 10 or 20 pf. only is paid. From dusk till 10 p.m., 10 pf. per '/4 hr. is charged for the lamps. From 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. double fares, also from the station after 9 p.m. double fares and 20 pf. extra as waiting-money. Luggage up to 55 lbs., 20 pf., above 55 lbs., 40 pf. ; small articles free. - Steam Tramway from the Stiglmayer-Platz (PI. B, C, 2), vià Gern (station for Neuhausen, see p. 125) and the villas of Wew. Wittelsbach, to Nymphenburg, every hour in the morning, every 1/2 hr. in the after- noon, 20 pf. - - - - Tramways (with system of correspondence-tickets): From the Prome- naden-Platz, across the Bahnhofs-Platz and the Stieglmayer-Platz to Nymphenburger-Str. (white), 15 pf.; from the Ludwigs-Brücke by the Reichen- bach-Str., Sendlingerthor-Platz, Bahnhofs-Platz and Arcis-Str. to Ludwig- Str. (red), 25 pf.; from Schwabing past the University and by Schiller-Str. to the Railway Station and Theresienhöhe (green), 20 pf. ; from the Hof- Theater by the Quai-Str. and the Johannes-Platz to the East Railway Station (white), 15 pf. ; from the Frauen-Str. across the Mariahilf-Platz to Freibad-Str. (green), 10 pf. ; from Stachus across the Sendlingerthor-Platz to the Sendlingerberg (blue), 15 pf.; from the Promenaden-Platz across the Carolinen-Platz to Schelling-Str. (yellow), 10 pf.; from the Ludwigs-Brücke by the Stein-Str. to the East Railway Station (red), 10 pf. ; from the Karls- Platz to the Marien-Platz and the Isarthor-Platz (red), 10 pf. Post Office (Pl. E, A, 5) in the Max-Josephs-Platz (p. 134); also at the railway station. — Telegraph Office (Pl. C, 4) at Bahmhof-Str. 1; also at the post-office, and at the Exchange (Maffei-Str.). — Telephone Offices at the telegraph office, at the Central Station, and at the general post-office. Collections. MUNICH. 28. Route. 125 Railway Stations. Central Station (P1. C, 4), principal station for all the lines (fine new building, with four platforms). — South Station (for- merly Thalkirchen, p. 170) and East Station (formerly Haidhausen, p. 170), both on the Rosenheim and Simbach line. Porters. For an errand of 1/2 M. within the city with 33 lbs. of luggage 20 pf. ; each addit. 1/2 M. 10 pf. Theatres. Hof- und Wationaltheater (P1. F, 4; p. 130), performances al- most daily (closed in July). Charges for operas: dress-circle (balkon) 4- 6 J/., parquet (i.e. reserved seats in the parterre or pit) 4-5 .4., parquet standing-place 3–4 .4. , pit 1 vſ. 40 pf. - 1./. 60 pf. Charges for plays: parquet 2-3/2 .4. ; dress-circle 31/2-4 J/.; pit 2./. Performances usually begin at 7 p.m. Tickets sold during the day, 9-1 and 5-5.30 o'clock; entrance in the Maximilians-Str.: booking-fee for next day 30 pf. — Resi- denz-Theater (Pl. F, 4; p. 130), where plays are performed on Sundays, Tues- days, and Saturdays: parquet and pit-boxes 31/2-4./. Performances begin at 7 p.m. — Gärtner-Platz. Theatre (Pl. E, 7; p. 165), for comedies, ope- rettas, and ballet: front-row 3, pit 1/2.4. — Tickets for these three “royal' theatres are also sold daily, 9-5.30 o'clock, at the Academy, Neuhauser- Str. (p. 163; booking fee 10 pf.). — Binder's Volkstheater, Sénefelder-Str. 11||2. — Marionette Theatre, Klenze-Str. 36. Goncert Rooms. Kºl’s Colosseum (café-chantant), Colosseum-Str. 2; Löwenbräukeller (p. 124); Monachia, Herzog-Wilhelm-Str., by the Karls-Thor (café-chantant); Bürgerliches Bräuhaus, Kapuziner-Str. ; Universum, Augusten- Str. 89; Eldorado, Holz-Str., 3; Volksgarten at Wymphenburg (p. 166), etc. - Military Band daily at 12 at the guard-house, Marien-Platz (P1. G., 5; p. 162), and on Tues., Thurs., Sat., and Sun. in front of the Feldherrnhalle (p. 131) at the same hour. In summer also every Wed. evening, 5-6, in the Hofgarten, and on Sat. evenings near the Chinese tower in the English Gar- den at the same hour (p. 166). English Church Service in the Odeon (p. 131) at 11 a.m. and 3.30 p.m. (in winter 3 p.m.). British Chargé d'Affaires: V. A. W. Drummond, Esq., Barer-Str. 15, 11-2; Consul, J. Smith, Esq., Barer-Str. 14, 11-4. — American Consul: F. W. Catlin, Esq., Arcis-Str. 13, 10-3. Collections, etc. : — - Academy of Science (p. 163), palæontological, mineralogical, and zoologi- cal collections, in summer, Sun. 10-12, Wed. and Sat. 2-4. Anatomical and Pathological Collections (p. 164), daily, 8-12 and 2-4 (fee). Antiquarium (p. 156), Tues. and Sat., 8-12; in winter, 10-12. - Arco-Zinneberg Collection of Antlers (p. 137), daily on application (fee). Arsenal and Military Museum (p. 161), in summer, Tues. and Frid. 9-12 and 3-5, and Sun. 9-12, free; on Mon. and Thurs. 9-12 and 3-5, 1 J/4. Art. Eachibition at the Exhibition building (p. 159) daily from March to Oct., 9-5, Nov. to Feb. 9-4, adm. 50 pf. - Annual Earhibition, in the Crystal Palace (p. 161), from 1st July to 15th Oct., daily 9-5, 1.4. — Other exhibitions: Wimmer & Co., Brienner-Str. 3; Neumann, Maximilians- Str. 38; Rupprecht, Briennér-Str. 8, at the Café Luitpold (50 pf.); Pütterich, Max-Josephs-Platz; Fleischmann, Maximilians-Str. 1; Acker- mann, Otto-Str.: Heinemann, Promenaden-Platz ; Van Gelder, Karolinen- Platz 1; Meillinger, Karls-Str. 21. ~. Art Union or Kunstverein (p. 134) daily (except Sat.), 10-6. Strangers are admitted gratis once, on application to the secretary (first floor), or , when introduced by a member; ticket for four weeks 2 24. * Bavaria. º Ruhmeshalle (p. 165), 8-12 and 2-6, in winter 10-12 and 2-4; adm. A0 pf. Botanical Garden (p. 161), Tues. and Thurs. 2-5 free, other days from 9 a.m. with guide; closed on Saturdays and Sundays. - Bronze Foundry (p. 161), daily 1-6, Sun. 12-2, adm. 40 pf. Cabinet of Coins (at the Academy, p. 163), by special permission. Cabinet of Drawings (Old Pinakóthek, p. 152), Tues., Frid., 9–1. Cabinet of Engravings (Old Pinakothek, p. 152), in summer, Mon, & Thurs, 9-12, Tues. & Frid. 9-1; in winter, Tues. & Frid. 9-1. 126 Route 28. MUNICH. Diary. Cabinet of Natural History (p. 163), see Academy of Science. Cabinet of Vases (p. 152), in the Old Pinakothek, 9-1, daily except Sat. (in winter, Sun., Tues., and Thurs.). *Collection of Fossils (p. 163), see Academy of Science. *Festsaalbau, see Palace. - Frauen-Kirche, N. tower (p. 163), daily, tickets from the sacristan 40 pf. Glass-Painting, Brienner-Str. 23; exhibition daily, 9-12 & 3-5. *Glyptothek (p. 157), free Mon. and Frid. 8-12 and 2-4, Wed. 8-12 (in winter Mon. and Frid. 9-2, Wed. 9-1). On other days at the same hrs. 1./. Closed during the “October Festival” (first week of October). Hof-Theater (p. 130), arrangements of the interior, Mon., Wed., Sat. at 2 p.m. precisely, on application to the porter; fee 40 pf. Kaulbach-Museum (p. 133), daily, 1-5. Kunstgewerbehavs (p. 164), Pfandhaus-Str. 7, exhibition and sale of art- industrial objects, daily 8-6, free. Kunstverein, see Art Union. *Library (p. 132), daily (except Sun.), 9-12 (from 15th Aug. to 30th Sept., Mon., Wed. & Frid., 10-12); fee 1/2-1./. Lotzbeck’s Collection of pictures and sculptures, Karolinemplatz 3, Tues. and Frid. 9-3, free. Maillinger Collection (p. 165), Sun., Tues., & Frid., 9–1. Maasimilianeum (collection of modern historical paintings, p. 137), in sum. mer, Wed, and Sat. 10-12 (open to strangers on other days and in winter by the special permission of the Director). Museum, Ethnographical (p. 131), Wed, and Sun., 10-12, free. *Museum, Bavarian National (p. 13i), May to Sept. 9-2, Oct. to April 10-2; closed on Mon. ; gratis on Sun. and Thurs. ; on other days 1 m. Museum of Plaster Casts (p. 131), Wed. and Sat., 3-5, in winter 2-4. * Wibelungen Rooms (p. 130), in the Palace, see below. Palace (p. 127): Raiserzimmer (p. 128), *Festsaalbau (p. 129), and *Nibelungen Saloons (p. 130) daily at 11 a.m., except Sun. ; tickets 50 pf. (obtained at the approach to the broad flight of steps, to the left in the passage, by Herzog Christofs-Stein, 11-12 a.m.); tickets for the above and also the Trierzimmer and Papstaimmer (less interesting) 1./4. The Odyssey Saloons are at present closed. The * Treasury (p. 129, June to Sept., Tues. and Frid., 9.30 to 11 a.m.) and the “Reiche Capelle (p. 129; Mon. & Thurs., 9.30 to 11 a.m.) are shown by tickets, which are issued at 9 a.m. at the office of the majordomo of the palace (1 J/Z.). Panoramas : Gulf of Naples (p. 157); Battle of Wörth (p. 164); Battles of the Ger. Colonies (p. 165), all daily from 8 till dusk, 1./. * Picture Gallery, v. Schack's (p. 159), daily 2-5, in winter 2-4 (fee 1/2-1 ...A.). * Pinakothek, Old (p. 138), Sun., Tues., Wed., and Frid. 9-3 (in winter 9-2); - Mon. and Thurs. 9-5 (in winter 9-4); closed on Sat. * Pinakothek, Wew (p. 153), Sun., Tues., Thurs., Sat., 8-12 and 2-4 (in winter 10-2); porcelain-paintings, same days and hours. * Porcelain. Paintings (New Pinakothek, p. 153), see above. Rathhaus, New (p. 162): admission to the council-rooms 2-3 (Sun. 10-12), on application to the custodian (fee). *Reiche Capelle (p. 129), in the Palace (see above). - 'sºar Museum (p. 164), Mon., Wed., Frid., 9-2; at other times adm. 5 pf. • Slaughter Houses and Cattle Market (p. 164), week-days 7-5, Sun. 10-2; tickets at the restaurant (20 pf.). Stables, Royal (p. 131), Sun. 9-12 (50 pf.), week-days 9-12 (1.4%.); also Tues., Thurs., Frid., Sat., 2-4 (50 pf.); Wed. 2-4 free; closed on Mom. St. Peter's Church, tower (p. 162), daily, tickets from attendant, 40 pf. Synagogue (p. 164), daily, except Sat., 9-12 and 2-4 (40 pf.). Treasury (p. 129), in the FestSaalbau, see Palace. Diary. DAILY : Old Pinakothek 9-3 (Mon., Thurs., 9-5), exc. Sat. ; Ca- binet of Vases 9-1, exc. Sat.; Library 9-12, exc. Sun. ; Pictures of the Kunstverein 10-6, exc. Sat. ; Bronze Foundry 1-6, Sun. 12-2; Palace at 11, exc. Sun. ; National Museum, May to Sept. 9-2, Oct. to Apr. 10-2, exc. Mon. ; New Rathhaus 2-3, Sun. 10-12; Schack’s Gallery 2-5; Anatomical History. MUNICH. 28. Route. 127 collections 9-12 and 2-4; Panoramas, from 8 a.m. ; Botanical Garden from 9 a.m. exc. Sat. — Churches. Frauen, Theatine, Basilica, and Auer open the whole day, exc. 11–1; Allerheiligen, Ludwigs, and St. Michael's till noon Only (*hemisen also 2-4 p.m., by payment of 20 pf.). — Military music, S66, D. e §ºws: Music at the Court Church of St. Michael at high mass, 9 a.m. ; on the Sundays of Advent and Lent, and during Passion Week, vocal only ; on Holy Thursday and Good Friday at 7 p.m. a grand Miserere (by Allegri, etc.), when the church is illuminated by a cross composed of 800 flames; military mass with military music in the same church at 11.15 (only when the court is present). — Church-music in the Frauenkirche at 9, in the Allerheiligenkirche at 11.30. Military parade with music at 12. New Pinakothek and porcelain-paintings 8-12, 2-4. Cabinet of Vases 9-1. Ethnographical Museum 9–1. Cabinet of Natural History and Collection of Fossils 10-12. Maillinger Collection 9-1. Royal Stables 9-12. — MON- DAYs: Glyptothek 8-12 and 2-4. Reiche Capelle 9.30 to 11. Cabinet of Engravings 9-12. Schwanthaler Museum 9-2 (see above). Hof-Theater (in- terior) 2. — TUESDAYs: Treasury 9.30 to 11. New Pinakothek and porcelain- paintings 8-12, 2-4. Cabinets of Drawings and Engravings 9–1. Cabinet of Vases 9-1. Antiquarium 8-12. Arsenal 9-12. Maillinger Collection 9-1. Royal Stables 8-12 & 2-4. — WEDNESDAYs: Glyptothek 8–42. Maximilia- neum 10–12. Museum of Casts 3-5. Arsenal 3-5. Cabinet of natural history and fossils 2-4. Hof-Theater (interior) 2. Schwanthaler Museum 9–2. Ethno- graph. Museum 9–1. Military music in the Hofgarten 5-6. Royal Stables 8- 12 & 2-4. — THURSDAYs: New Pinakothek and porcelain-paintings 8-12, 2-4. Cabinet of Engravings 9–1. Reiche Capelle 9.30 to 11. Royal Stables 8-12 & 2-4. — FRIDAYs: Treasury 9/2-11. Glyptothek 8-12, 2-4. Drawings and Engravings 9–1. Schwanthaler Museum 9-2. Maillinger Collection 9-1. Ar- senal 9-12 and 3-5. Royal Stables 8-12 & 2-4. — SATURDAYs: Old Pinakothek closed. New Pinakothek and porcelain-paintings 8-12, 2-4. Maximilianeum 10-12. Museum of Casts 3-5. Cabinet of natural history 2-4. Antiquarium 8-12. Hof-Theater (interior) 2. Military music, at the Chinese Tower in the Engl. Garden 5-6. Royal Stables 8-12 & 2-4. A *Drive (fiacres see p. 124) in the English Garden (p. 166) or in the Gasteig Grounds (p. 137), is recommended after a morning of sight-seeing. GREATEST ATTRACTIONs: Old Pinakothek (p. 138), National Museum (p. 134), Basilica (p. 161), Palace (p. 128), *Glyptothek (p. 157). Munich (1703 ft.), the capital of Bavaria, with 348,000 inhab. lies on the rapid Isar, on the S. side of a sterile plain, 50 sq. M. in area. The lofty situation of the city and its proximity to the Alps render it liable to sudden changes of temperature, against which visitors should guard, especially towards evening. History. Munich was founded by Henry the Lion, who constructed a bridge over the Isar, a custom-house, a mint, and a salt-depôt on the site of the present city in 1158. The land is said to have belonged to the monks of Schäftlarn, whence the name of Forum ad Monachos, or Munich. Under the Wittelsbach princes the town prospered. Otho the Illustrious (d. 1253) transferred his residence to Munich, and his son Lewis the Severe built the Alte Hof (p. 134). Emp. Lewis the Bavarian almost entirely re-erected the city, which was loyally attached to him, after a fire in 1327 (his tomb in the Frauenkirche, see p. 163). Duke Albert V. founded the Library. and the Kunstkammer, to which the Antiquarium, cabinet of coins, and part of the National Museum owe their origin. Elector Maximilian I. (1597 -1651) erected the Arsenal, the Old Palace, and the Mariensäule (p. 162). In 1632 Gustavus Adolphus paid a lengthened visit to the city. Elector Maximilian III. Joseph founded the Academy in 1757, and his successor Charles Theodore of the Palatinate removed the old fortifications. King Maximilian I. Joseph (d. 1825) contributed materially to the improvement of the city by the dissolution of the religious houses and the erection of new buildings, but for its modern magnificence Munich is chiefly indebted to his son LEwis I. (d. 1868). That monarch, who even before his accession 128 Route 28. MUNICH. Alte Residenz. had purchased several valuable works of art (e.g. the AEginetes, the so-called Ilioneus) and attracted Cornelius and other artists to Munich, raised the city during his reign of 23 years to the foremost rank as a school of Ger- man art. Klenze (d. 1864) was chiefly instrumental in carrying out the architectural plans of the monarch, and he was ably seconded by Gärtner, Ohlmülle", and Ziebland. The indefatigable Schwanthaler (d. 1848) provided the plastic embellishment, and Cornelius (d. 1867) and his pupils enlivened the walls with paintings of a monumental character. The harmony of this period, however, was soon disturbed by a difference between, Corne- lius and Klenze, and when the king showed that his sympathies were with the latter, Cornelius removed to Berlin. As Kaulbach (d. 1874) also for the last ten years of his life worked chiefly at Berlin, and Schwind (d. 1874) at the Wartburg, the glory of Munich as an art-centre began to pale. The decline, however, was transient; for while Munich has lately produced nothing of the first rank in architecture or sculpture, it has maintained its position as a leading school of painting, though under completely altered circumstances. The elder Munich artists were distin- guished for their accuracy of drawing and composition, and prided them- selves on having revived the romantic style of art; the latest generation, under the lead of Karl Piloty (1826-1886), on the contrary, has fixed its attention chiefly on the study of colouring, and bestows the utmost care upon technical perfection of finish. The MAx-Josephs-PLATz (PI. E, 4), the centre of the city and its traffic, situated between the old quarters and the new, is adorned with the *Monument of King Max Joseph (d. 1825), erected by the city on the 25th anniversary of that monarch's accession, modelled by Rauch of Berlin, and cast in bronze by Stiglmayer. The colossal statue in a sitting posture rests on a pedestal adorned with reliefs emble- matical of Agriculture, Art, Constitution, and Religious Toleration. The N. side of the Max-Josephs-Platz is bounded by the royal Palace (Pl. E, F, 4), which consists of three parts: on the S. side towards the Platz the Königsbau, N. towards the Hofgarten the Festsaalbau, and between these the Alte Residenz, or old palace. The Alte Residenz, designed by H. Schön and Peter Candid, and erected by Elector Maximilian I. in 1602–1619, comprises four courts, Kaiserhof, Küchenhof, Brunnenhof, and Kapellenhof (i. e. courts of the emperor, kitchen, fountain, and chapel). The entrance is by the Kapellenhof (through the middle portal in the Residenz-Str.). The passage thence to the Brunnenhof contains ‘Duke Christopher's Stone' (an inscription on the wall). A staircase to the left ascends to the Hercules Saloon, where visitors to the palace assemble at 11 o'clock (comp. p. 126). To the right of the Kapellenhof is the Grottenhof, with a fantastic shell-grotto; in the centre Perseus, after B. Cellini. From the S.E. corner a passage leads to a larger court, with fountain-figures of Neptune, etc., from which the Nibelungen Saloons in the Königsbau are entered (p.130). The Brunnenhof, adjoining the Kapellenhof on the E., is embellished with a statue of Otho of Wittelsbach and other figures in bronze by P. Candid. The Allerheiligenkirche (p. 130) adjoins this court on the E.; to the S. a passage leads to the Hoftheater (p. 130). The apartments of the Alte Residenz are sumptuously fitted up in 17th cent, style. Visitors are conducted to the Kaisergimmer; the Festsaalbaw. MUNICH. 28. Route. 129 Grüne Gallerie, containing Italian and Dutch pictures of little value; the Bed Chamber, with a richly-gilded bed; the Mirror Cabinet, with valuable crystal, etc.; the Miniature Cabinet, with miniatures (*St. Jerome by A. Dürer). — The Trierzimmer and Papstºimmer (adm., see p. 126) contain furniture, tapestry, etc., of the 17th and 18th cent. The *Treasury (admission, see p. 126) contains jewels and precious trinkets, including the Bavarian “Hausdiamant’, a magnificent blue dia- mond, and the ‘pearl of the Palatinate’, half black; goblets, orders, regalia, including the Bohemian crown of Frederick V. of the Palatinate, captured at Prague in 1620, and the crowns of Emp. Henry II. (‘the Saint’) and his wife Cunigunde, of the year 1010; group of St. George and the Dragon, with the knight in chased gold, the dragon of jasper, and the whole adorned with diamonds, rubies, emeralds, and pearls; model of Trajan’s Column, executed by the goldsmith Valadier 1763-83. The *Reiche Capelle (adm., see p. 126) contains, costly objects in gold and silver, many of them of high artistic worth; two miniature altars by Benv. Cellini (?), the enamelled pocket altar of Mary Queen of Scots, about 6 in. in length, and a Descent from the Cross in wax by Michael Angelo. The *Festsaalbau (façade towards the Hofgarten, 256 yds. long), a “building of festive halls’, erected in 1832–42 by Klenze in the later Italian Renaissance style, possesses a handsome porch of 10 Tonic columns, surmounted by two lions, between which are 8 alle— gorical figures in marble-limestone by Schwanthaler, representing the different provinces of the kingdom. The six saloons of the ground-floor are decorated with encaustic MURAL PAINTINGS FROM THE ODYSSEY, by Hiltensperger, from designs by Schwanthaler (at present closed). A broad marble staircase ascends to the first floor from the passage on the E. side of the Küchenhof. Visitors, however, are usually conducted from the Piercules Saloon to the antechambers by a long corridor. ANTE-CHAMBER: adjoining it, a staircase with six handsome columns of marble from the Untersberg; 2nd ante-chamber with reliefs by Schwantha- ler; 3rd ante-chamber decorated in the Pompeian style by Hiltensperger. — Magnificent BALL ROOM, tribunes supported by marble columns and bear- ing Caryatides of papier-maché, coloured reliefs (dancing genii) by Schwan- thaler. Two CARD Rooms with thirty-six *Portraits of Beautiful Women by Stieler, whose names the custodian enumerates. – BATTLE SALOON : Twelve large pictures representing scenes from the wars in 1805-15. — “HALL OF CHARLEMAGNE: encaustic paintings (mural paintings On Wax ground) de- signed by Schnorr. Charlemagne anointed by Pope Stephen II. as Defender of the Church ; his victory over the Lombard king Desiderius at Pavia; victory over the Saxons, felling of the sacred oak and erection of the cross; synod at Frankfurt; coronation; also twelve smaller scenes from the emperor's life. Between the windows Alcuin, Arno, and Eginhard. — *BARBARoss A HALL, by the same masters: election as emperor, entry into Milan, banishment of Henry the Lion, installation of Otho of Wittelsbach, reconciliation with Pope Alex. III. at Venice, imperial festival at Mayence, battle at Iconium, death. Reliefs above by Schwanthaler. — “HAPSBURG SA- Loon, chiefly by Schnorr; Rudolph's meeting with the priest ; his accept- ance of the imperial sceptre; victory over Ottokar of Bohemia; Rhenish robber-knights summoned before his tribunal. Frieze by Schwind, re- presenting the Triumph of the Arts, etc. — "THRONE SALOON. Twelve magnificent gilded bronze statues, over life-size, by Schwanthaler, of the ancestors of the House of Wittelsbach, from Otho the Illustrious to BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. 9 130 Route 28. MUNICH. Hof-Theater. Charles XII. of Sweden, here form a very imposing and appropriate ter- mination to the Suite. - The Königsbau (façade towards the Max-Josephs-Platz, 136 yds. long), erected in 1826–33 by Klenze in imitation of the Pitti Palace at Florence, but of inferior effect owing to necessary de- viations from the original plan, is adorned in the interior with sculptures, frescoes, and other works of art (not accessible). The S.W. apartments on the ground-floor (entered from the Grottenhof, p. 128) are adorned with the magnificent *NIBELUNGEN FREscoes by Schnorr, begun in 1846, completed in 1867. Five saloons with large paintings; in the lunettes, numerous smaller paintings. . - ENTRANCE HALL : the principal persons of the poem, right, Sigfried and Chriemhild; then Hagen, Volker, Dankwart; above, the dwarf Alberich, keeper of the Nibelungen treasure, and Eckewart, Chriemhild's messenger; left, Gunther and Brunhild; Queen Ute (Gunther's mother) with her sons Gernot and Giselher; Sigmund and Sigelinde, Sigfried's parents; next, King Atila and Rudiger, Diétrich of Bern and Meister Hildebrand. MARRIAGE HALL : Sigfried's return from the war against the Saxons; Brunhild’s arrival at Worms; Sigfried and Chriemhild's nuptials; opposite, by the window, the delivery of the girdle. HALL OF TREACHERY: (by the window) quarrel of the queens Chriemhild and Brunhild in front of the cathedral at Worms. Sigfried murdered by Hagen at the well; Chriemhild finds Sigfried's corpse at the door of the cathedral: Hagen proved to be the murderer by the corpse beginning to bleed afresh. Over the door: Hagen throwing the Nibelungen treasure into the Rhine. HALL OF REVENGE: Fall of the heroes (by the window); Chriemhild expostulates with Volker and Hagen; combat on the staircase of the burning palace; Dietrich conquers Hagen; Chriemhild's death. Over the doors : the last combat of the heroes ; Hagen brought before Chriemhild by Dietrich ; Atila's lament. HALL OF MoURNING: Burial of the fallen heroes; the sad tidings conveyed to Burgundy; Bishop Pilgram causes mass to be sung for the repose of the dead. The Hof- und National-Theater (Pl. F, 4; performances, see p. 125), on the E. side of the Max-Josephs-Platz, the largest in Germany, accommodating 2400 spectators, was erected by Fischer (d. 1822), but was burned down in 1823 and re-erected in its ori- ginal form by Klenge within eleven months. Handsome portico of eight Corinthian columns. It is 145 ft. high, 188 ft. broad, and 332 ft. deep; the stage measures 95 ft. in breadth by 415 ft. in depth. The interior deserves a visit (which takes an hour; adm. see p. 426). Between the Hof-Theater and the Allerheiligenkirche is the Residenz-Theater (P1.95), tastefully decorated in the rococo style (room for 800 spectators). . . The *Allerheiligen-Hofkirche (All Saints' Church), or Court Chapel (adm. see p. 127; during service entrance from the Brun- menhof only), on the E. side of the palace, erected in 1837 by Klenze in the Byzantine-Romanesque style, is sumptuously fitted up. The arches rest on columns of variegated marble, the walls are covered with different coloured marbles; and the vaulting, window-arches, and choir are adorned with frescoes on a gold ground by Hess and his pupils, emblematical of the Trinity. The concealment of the windows causes the light to enter in a very effective manner. Feldherrnhalle. MUNICH. 28. Route. 131 Adjoining the Festsaalbau on the N. is the Hofgarten (Pl. E, F, 3, 4), or palace-garden, planted with trees, and bounded on two sides by open Arcades, which are adorned with faded frescoes of landscapes and historical subjects, painted in 1827–34. - By the entrances next to the Palace are three frescoes by Kaulbach, representing Bavarian rivers and Bavaria. The historical frescoes on the W. side, events fro. the history of Bavaria, were executed by pupils of Cornelius; beyond them are masterly landscapes from Italy and Sicily by Rarl Rottmann (d. 1850). Each scene has its name annexed. The distichs under the pictures are by King Lewis I. On the N. side, at the top, are thirty-nine small encaustic paintings from the Greek War of Indepen- dence, from sketches by P. Hess (p. 155). — In the seven niches at the N.E. end are the labours of Hercules in colossal wooden groups, executed by R. Boos in the 17th cent., restored in 1852. The ground-floor of the N. wing contains the Museum of Plaster Casts of classic sculptures (adm., see p. 126), affording a good survey of the development of the plastic art from the 6th cent. before Christ down to the present day. Catalogue 30 pf. — The extensive Ethnographical Museum occupies seven rooms on the upper floor (adm. see p. 126; Conservator Dr. Buchner; Catalogue 50 pf.). — Opposite, to the right of the entrance, is the Art Union, or Kunstverein (Pl. F, 3; entrance in the Arcades; adm., see p. 125), containing paintings and sculptures by living artists, some of them the property of the society, others for sale. - At the back of the Alte Residenz, in the Marstall-Platz, are the Royal Coach Houses and Harness Rooms (Hofwagenburg; adm., see p. 126), containing an extensive collection of vehicles belonging to the rulers of Bavaria in the 17-19th cent. ; most noteworthy, the *State Sledges and Carriages of King Lewis II. Most of the buildings in the handsome LUDwigs-STRASSE (Pl. F, E, 4–4), originated by King Lewis I., 40 yds. in width, and 3/4 M. in length, are in various Renaissance forms, constructed, like the Basilica, of brick and stone skilfully combined. The Feldherrnhalle (PI. E, 4), or Hall of the Generals, at the S. end, a copy of Orcagna's Loggia dei Lanzi at Florence, erected in 1844 by Gärtner, contains the statues of Tilly and Wrede, by Schwanthaler. Military music here daily at noon (p. 125). The Church of the Theatines (PI. E, 4), erected in 1664-75 in the debased Italian style, overladen with decoration, contains the . Royal Vaults. Façade of 1767. Pictures in the interior by Tintoretto, Zanchi, Karl Loth, Cignani, and others. To the right is the mor- tuary chapel of King Maximilian II. (d. 1864). In the sacristy, on the left, an Entombment by Hess. In the Odeons - Platz rises the equestrian Statue of Lewis I. (d. 1868), by Widnmann, erected by the ‘grateful city of Munich' in 1862. — To the left is the Odeon (PI. E., 3), erected in 1828 by Klenze, and destined for concerts and balls; one of the apartments is fitted up as an English Chapel (see p. 425). The ceiling of the concert-room is decorated with frescoes by Kaulbach and others, 9 * 132 Route 28. MUNICEI. Library. the orchestra with busts of celebrated composers (partly concealed by the organ). — On the N. side of the square, on the left, stands the Palace of Prince Regent Luitpold, formerly that of the Duke of Leuchtenberg (Pl. E., 3), erected by Klenze. Opposite (Fürsten- Str. 1) is the Palace of Prince Ludwig Ferdinand. Then, farther to the N., in the Ludwigs-Strasse (left), the Palace of Duke Max (PI. E., 3), by Klenze, with frescoes by Langer, Kaulbach, and Zimmermann, and a marble frieze representing the myth of Bacchus, by Schwanthaler. On the right, the War Office (Pl. F, 2, 3), also by Klenze. - The *Royal Library (PI, F, 2; adm. see p. 126), an imposing edifice, was built in 1832–42 by Gärtner in the Florentine style. The steps are adorned with colossal statues of Aristotle, Hippocra- tes, Homer, and Thucydides. *Staircase with broad marble flight of steps; above, on each side, is a gallery, borne by 16 marble columns; on the walls are medallion-portraits of celebrated poets and scholars. At the entrance to the library are statues of Albert W., the founder, and Lewis I., the builder of the library, both by Schwanthaler. The library (Director, Dr. Laubmann), one of the most extensive in Europe, comprises upwards of 1,000,000 vols. and 30,000 MSS., and is especially valuable for its theological and biblical literature and German MSS. The most interesting rarities are exhibited in glass-cases in the Cimeliensaal (chamber of trea— sures). The Bavarian Archives are deposited in the strong vaults of the ground-floor. FIRST CASE: Specimens of substances used to write on ; bronze and wax tablets, papyrus, parchment, palimpsests, cotton and linen paper, palm-leaves, bark, woven materials. Also brazen tabulae homestae missionis, or certificates of honourable discharge of Roman soldiers ; No. 2. Codea: Purpureus, a Latin Book of the Gospels of the 9th cent., written on purple wellum with gold and silver letters. — SEconID : 12. Breviarium Alarici, an extract from the Code of Theodosius the Great, made in Spain by order of Alaric, king of the Visigoths, 484-506. — THIRD : Earliest German MSS. 20. Liber de inventione S. Crucis, written before 814, from the monastery of Wessobrunn in Upper Bavaria ; 23. The Heliand, a harmony of the Gospels in early Low German (the gospels in alliterative verse); 24. Otfried of Weissenburg's Gospel in verse, written at Freising, 883-906; 26. Oldest (13th cent.) M.S. of the Wibelungen Lied, from the monastery of Hohen- embs near Bregenz ; 27. Tristan and Isolde, poem by Godfrey of Strass- burg, MS. of 1240, with paintings; 28. Parcival and Titurel, by Wolfram von Eschenbach, with paintings. – FourTH: 34. Koran on parchment with gold letters; 35. Miniature Koran, the smallest MS. in the collec- tion; 36. Shah Wameh, Persian epic by Firdusi. A drawer contains the tournament-book of Duke William IV. of Bavaria, painted in 1541-44. — FIFTH : *38. “Livre de Jehan Bocace des cas des nobles hommes et fem- mes’, translation made in 1409 for Prince John of France, with admi- rable miniatures by Fouqué. — “SIxTH: 40. Prayer-book of Emp. Lewis the Bavarian ; 41. Latin prayer-book with miniatures by Memling; 42. Latin prayer-book with illustrations, executed by Sinibaldi of Florence in 1485: all three richly bound, with silver, pearls, and enamel; 46. Jewels of Anne of Austria, consort of Duke Albert V. of Bavaria, the miniature-paintings by Hans Müelich; 47 Calendarium of the 16th cent. by Brueghel (?); 48. Prayer - book of Duke Albert V. of Bavaria by Clovio (1574); *50. Prayer- book of the Emp, Maximilian, with marginal drawings by Albert Dürer and Siegesthor. MUNICH. 28. Route. 133 Cranach. — SIXTH, a.: Two folios of the penitential psalms of David Set to music by Orlando di Lasso, and illuminated with admirable miniatures by Hans Müelich. — SEVENTH: *55. Codea, Aureus, written in gold uncial letters in 870 by order of Emp. Charles the Bald ; the cover consists of a plate of embossed gold, with jewels and pearls. – EIGHTH: *56-60. Four books of Gospels and a missal of Emp. Henry II. (1024), presented to the cathedral of Bamberg. — NINTH and TENTH : Specimens of the first attempts at printing, including a copy of the first Latin Bible printed by Guten- berg and Fust at Mayence, probably between 1450 and 1455. Stereotype plate of 1553. In a drawer below the ninth case is an edition of Luther's translation of the Bible, containing large coloured portraits of Luther, Melanchthon, and the Elector Augustus I. of Saxony, painted by the younger Cranach. The Wational Archives of Bavaria (see above) include an interesting collection of medals and of impressions of the seals of German emperors, princes, and noblemen (shown on application). The *Ludwigskirche (PI. F, 2), erected in 1829-44 in the Italian Romanesque style by Gärtner, is a handsome cruciform struc– ture. Façade flanked with two towers 210 ft. in height. Mosaic roof of coloured tiles. - Above the portal Christ and the four Evangelists, by Schwanthaler. The entire wall at the back of the high-altar is covered with the *Last Judgment, the largest of the frescoes of Cornelius, 60 ft. high, 36 ft. broad. The other frescoes, designed by Cornelius, where executed by his pupils (God the Father, the Nativity and Crucifixion, Patriarchs, Prophets, Mar- tyrs). — In the adjacent grounds (entrance by the gate on the left) are frescoes by Forstner at fourteen different shrines. . Opposite is the Blind Asylum (Pl. F, 2), erected by Gärtner in 1834-38 in the Florentine style. The portals are embellished with statues of the four patron-saints of the blind, by Eberhard. The University (PI. F, 1) on the left, the Priests' Seminary, or Georgianum, opposite, and the Maa-Joseph School form a large square, intersected by the Ludwigs-Strasse, and adorned with two Fountains copied from those by Bernini in the piazza of St. Peter at Rome. The university (about 2500 stud.), founded in 1472 at Ingolstadt (p. 117), was transferred to Landshut (p. 119) in 1800, and thence to Munich in 1826. The University Library, on the second floor, contains upwards of 300,000 vols. (open daily, 9–12). The *Siegesthor (Pl. F, 1), or Gate of Victory, erected by Lewis I. ‘to the Bavarian army', begun by Gärtner in 1843, and completed by Metzger in 1850, is an imitation of the triumphal arch of Constan- tine at Rome. It is crowned with “Bavaria' in a quadriga drawn by lions, in bronze, designed by Wagner (comp. p. 153). Over the Corinthian columns at the sides are figures of Victory; on the walls basreliefs, representing warlike exploits (below) and the different provinces of the kingdom (above). This fine arch forms an appro- priate termination to the Ludwigs-Strasse. Beyond the Siegesthor, to the left, is the imposing new *Academy of Art, in the Italian Renaissance style, designed by Newrewther. In the vicinity, Kaulbach-Str. 12, is the Kaulbach-Museum, an interesting selection of the pictures and sketches left by the eminent painter W. W. Kaulbach. Adm., see p. 126. 134 Route 28. - MUNICH. National Museum. On the S. side of the Max-Josephs-Platz is the Post Office (PI. E, 4, 5). The façade towards the Platz was constructed by Klenze in 1836. The open arcadé contains six paintings of horses on a red ground in the Pompeian style, by Hiltensperger. The original façade towards the Residenz-Str. is in the Italian palatial style (1740). — To the right a short street leads to the Alte Hof, the oldest palace of the Dukes of Bavaria, erected in 1253–56, and now occupied by public offices. A passage to the left in front of it leads to the Hof- bräuhaus, or ‘Court Brewery' (Pl. F, 5; p. 122). . - - The *MAXIMILIANs-STRAssB (Pl. F, G, H, 5), 1 M. in length and 25 yds. in breadth, was erected by desire of King Max II. in a novel style of domestic architecture. First, on the right, is the Mint (P1. F, 5), with arcades embellished with statues. Farther on, the street expands into a Platz, relieved with pleasure-grounds; on the left the Government Buildings (Pl.G, 5), on the right the National Museum (see below). In the centre rise four monuments: to the left a Statue of General Deroy (Pl. 49; killed at Poloczk in 1812), by Halbig; adjoining it, that of Count Rumford (d. 1814), founder of the English Garden, by Zumbusch. Opposite are the statues of Schelling, the philosopher (d. 1854), designed by Brugger, and Fraunhofer, the optician (d. 1826), by Halbig. - The *Bavarian National Museum (P1. F, G, 5; adm. see p. 126), founded by King Max II. in 1855, contains a rich collection of ob- jects illustrating the progress of civilisation and art. The building was erected in 1858-66 by Riedel. On the central portion, 95 ft. in height, is enthroned a “Bavaria' with the lion, in zinc. The façade is richly adorned with caryatides, statues, reliefs, and other enrichments. Director, Prof. Dr. v. Riehl. - The Bavarian National Museum contains works of art of every kind, dating from the Roman period down to the present day, and representing every civilised country, but with special reference to Bavaria. The plans hung up at the entrance afford a general outline of the arrangement The collections are divided into two principal sections: 1. General Collection (“Allgemeine Sammlung’) of the products of human industry, from hoar antiquity to the present day; 2. Special Collections (‘Fachsammlungen’) illustrating special branches of art or industry, and too extensive to be embraced in the General Collection. The General Collection begins on the E. side of the ground-floor, and is continued throughout the whole of the rooms on the W. side. The Special Collections begin in the third room on the E. side of the ground-floor and are continued in the thirty rooms On the first floor. These last are embellished with large Mural Paintings of the history of Bavaria. At the back of the building is a GARDEN, which contains monuments extending from the Roman period to the 18th cent. (observe the colossal *Group of Mars and Venus in bronze, by Hubert Ger- hard, 1580). The Museum farther includes an extensive Library of Tech- nical Works and a copying-room, the use of which is granted to artists and students on application. The larger groups and other objects of im- portance in the various sections are labelled. The briefest visit to the whole museum takes two hours. Those who are pressed for time should confine themselves to the second floor. Printed guide 50 pf. - GROUND FLOOR. In the Vestibule are cannon, a relief of St. George, and in the centre the stone monument of a Count of Haag (d. 1566), with a recumbent figure. In the Arcades to the left are Roman relics: in the National Museum. MUNICH, 28. Route, 135 1st and 2nd Rooms Roman and Germanic antiquities: e.g. from tombs at Wittislingen, Nordendorf, Tittmoning, etc.; a golden hat (shield-boss) from Schifferstadt; weapons, earthenware and glass vessels. The 2nd Room contains a Roman mosaic from Westerhofen near Ingolstadt, an altar from Rheinzabern, and Roman relics. – Rooms 3-9 contain the following SPECIAL COLLECTIONs: 3-5. Iron-work, from the 15th cent. onwards; 6. Utensils in bronze, copper, brass, and tin; modern work in metal; 7-9. Plaster casts from famous originals. – To the left, at the foot of the staircase to the first floor, is a Torture Chamber. We return to the entrance. To the right is the department of *ME- DIAEvaL ART, ranging from the early Christian epoch to the beginning of the 16th cent., and occupying nine rooms. These contain architectural frag- ments, statues, tomb-reliefs, mural paintings, easel-paintings, stained glass; church-furniture, such as altars, choir-stalls, priedieu's, and procession-poles, and smaller objects, such as chalices, crucifixes, monstrances, reliquaries, censers, candelabra, reading-desks, and ritual-books with choice miniatures. Observe in particular the following: Room I. (Romanesque period). Group of ivory carvings; jewel-casket of the Carlovingian period, from Bamberg; enamel-work on metal, of the 11th and 12th centuries; mural paintings from the monastery of Rebdorf (13th cent.); stained glass from Seligenthal (1250); figures of the Apostles in stone from Wessobrunn, of the same period. — Room II. (Gothic, 14th cent.). Memorial stones with reliefs; Small reliquary-altar, with paintings in tempera. — Room III. Winged altar from Påhl near Weilheim (1380–1420); altar of the 15th cent., richest Gothic, tapering in form. — Room. IV. Large triple altar from the old Franciscan church at Bamberg (1429); stained glass from the Cathedral of Ratisbon. — Room V. Ceiling and pa- nelling from the old Weavers' Hall at Augsburg (1457); figures of the twelve Apostles in wood from Lübeck. — Room VI. Large piece of Flemish tapestry, representing the Nativity and Adoration of the Child in a landscape (iii.6.3506); TNo. 7. (under the window) original model for a monument to Lewis with the Beard of Bavaria (1429). — Room VII. Rich Gothic ceiling in linden-wood from the castle of Oberhaus near Passau; handsome carved cabinets; bedsteads; works in mother-of-pearl; the cele- brated parchment prayer-books with...paintings by Hans Memling. — Room VIII. Stair-case and gallery from Alt-Otting (15th cent.); altar of the Virgin from Weissenburg (15th cent.). — Room IX. (‘Kirchensaal", in seven sec- ...tions). Wooden statuettes of the twelve Apostles, by Tilmann Riemenschnei- der (about 1480); Death of the Virgin, a group carved in wood, from Ingol- stadt (1490-1500); two procession-poles of the Fishermen's Guild of Ingol- Stadt; altar with gilded carving and paintings, by Michael Pacher of Brun- eck (about 1479); other altars, choir-stalls, etc. — Room X. Winged altar carved in oak, from Calcar (1470-1500); Flemish tapestry worked in gold thread with allegorical scenes; winged altar of 1575. - We now ascend the staircase, adorned with weapons and reliefs, to the FIRST FLoor, which contains the HISTORICAL FREscores and the continua- tion of the SPECIAL COLLECTIONS , (see above). To the right, Room I. Weapons and armour of the 12th-16th cent. — Rooms II-VIII. Same, of the łºś cent. — Rooms IX-XII. Costumes, ornaments, etc. from the 18th cent. to the present day. Observe the armour of Count von Preysing and Baron von Freiberg from Hohenaschau; the gilded armour of Bishop Diether von Raitenau, of Salzburg; painted shields and targets; German visors; ornamented Swords and wheel-lock muskets belonging to Elector Max I. and others; wedding cloak of Duke William V. ; costume and or- naments found in the graves of the Counts-Palatine of Neuburg; costumes of patricians of Imperial German cities and their wives; Tilly's coat; collection of models of the cannon used in the Thirty Years' War; Orien- tal weapons, captured at Belgrade by Max Emanuel; memorials of Fre- derick the Great; Napoleon's sword. — Robes and garments of the Bava- rian sovereigns, Max Joseph I., Lewis I. and his consort Theresa, and Max II., of Otho, King of Greece and his wife, and of Fieldmarshal Wrede. — Room XIII. Musical instruments from the 14th to the 19th cent. — Room XIV. Objects used in the Jewish divine service; bismuth-painting and brazier's work; toys; playing-cards. – Room XV. Collection of seals. 136 Route 28. . MUNICH. - Maaſimilianeum. The CENTRAL SALoon contains a collection of old ship-models, includ- ing that of one of the vessels sent against Algiers by Charles V. in 1541; also plans and models of Munich and other Bavarian towns; Schiller's writing-table. — To the left of the entrance, in Rooms XVII-XXIV, is the Teactile Collection, consisting of lace, embroidery, and materials for dress. (Observe in the 23rd Room the “Bed of Lewis II., from Linderhof.) Next, in Rooms XXV-XXVIII, is the Ceramic Collection, from Roman times to the present, including specimens of the chief manufactories of the world. In Room XXIX is the Glass Collection, from the Roman period down to our own. Room XXX. Ornaments in wood. The SECOND FLOOR contains works of art of the *RENAISSANCE AND MoDERN TIMEs. The staircase has a fine wooden ceiling from the château at Dachau, and tapestry from cartoons by Raphael. The various rooms are hung with tapestry after different masters (from Flanders, Germany, France), and contain ceilings from Dachau, Neuburg, Donauwörth, and the Royal Palace at Munich. Among the choicest contents are: Room I. (1500-1600). Finely ornamented drinking-cups and utensils, carvings in ivory, small wood-carvings by Hagenauer. — Room II. (1500-1600). Cast of the monument of St. Sebald by Peter Vischer at Nuremberg, and (No. 3) an original bronze by Vischer. (No. 4) Bronze figure of a kneeling man by Vischer. Bridal casket of Duchess Jacobaea of Bavaria. — Room III. (1500–1600). Vessels in Limoges enamel by P. Reymond and P. Cortoy (1558–62). * Silver-gilt hammer, designed by Michael Angelo for the use of Pope Julius III. at the opening of the great Jubilee Festival in 1550. — Room IV. Gold goblet of the Augsburg butchers' guild. Carved and highly ornate little altars. Tables of Hispano-Moresco workmanship. Bed of Countess Palatine Susanna. — Room V. In the centre the complete boudoir of a Countess Fugger from the château at Donauwörth. — Room VI. Artistic cabinets, reliefs, enamels. – Room VII. (This and next four rooms illus- trate, the period of Elector Maximilian I., 1597–1651.) Table of Kelheim stone, elaborately engraved with portraits, arms, perpetual calendar, etc.; two tables in Scagliola-work (imitation of mosaic); carved furniture. — Room VIII. Two cabinets in tortoise-shell and Florentine mosaic. Cabinets of ivory, silver, enamel, and lapis lazuli. Vessels of rock crystal set in gold and enamel. — Rooms IX-XI. Mosaics and furniture, filigree-wook, etc. — Rooms XII-XIII. (Time of Elector Ferdinand Maria, 1651-79). Gild- ed ceiling from the palace at Munich. Large silver watches from Augs- burg. — Room XIV. (Time of Max Emanuel, 1679–1726). — Room XV. *Ivory carvings, several by Elhafen and Simon Troger. “Cabinet for coins by Angermeyer of Weilheim (1624). — Rooms XVI.-XVIII. Tapestry from the Munich manufactory. — Room XIX. First attempts at reviving the art of staining glass. Memorials of Max I. Joseph, Lewis I., and Max II. At the end of the Platz rises the *Monument of King Maxi- milian II. (d. 1864), erected by his ‘faithful people' in 1875. The colossal figure of the king in his coronation robes, 161/2 ft. high, stands upon a lofty granite pedestal. In his right hand he holds the roll of the constitution; his left rests on a sword. At the base of the pedestal sit allegorical figures of Peace, Enlightenment, Strength, and Justice; at the upper angles are four figures of children bearing the Bavarian coat-of-arms and laurel-wreaths. All the figures are in bronze, cast by Miller from models by Zumbusch. - The Maximilianeum (Pl. H, 5), standing on the Gasteighöhe, on the right bank of the Isar, beyond the Mawimiliansbrücke (built by Zenetti in 1859–64), and forming a suitable termination to this grand street, was founded by King Max II. for the higher instruc- tion of students who have shown special aptitude for the civil ser– vice. The architect was Bürklein. Admission, see p. 126. Wittelsbach Palace. MUNICH. 28. Route. 137 A broad circular approach ascends to the façade, which rises in two series of arches on a lofty terrace. The slightly curved central part of the structure is adjoined by open arcades on each side, flanked with corner- towers. Beautiful view of the river, the city, and the mountains. Hand- some staircase. Three rooms on the upper floor contain thirty large oil paintings, illustrative of momentous events in the world's history; adjoining these on the right and left are two saloons adorned with frescoes. ENTRANCE HALL : left, 1. Cabanel, The Fall of man; right, 2. Müller, Mahomet's entry into Mecca. — Room to the left. Wall of the entrance: *3. Richter, Construction of the Pyramids. . To the right: 4. Otto, Banquet at Susa; *5. Kaulbach, Battle of Salamis; 6. Foltz, Age of Pericles; 7. Hil- tensperger, Olympian Games; 8. A. Müller, Alexander the Great at Susa ; 9. Conráder, Fall of Carthage; 10. Schraudolph, Nativity; 11. Gunkel, Battle of Arminius; 12. Hiltensperger, Age of Augustus; 13. Hauschild, Crucifixion; 14. Deger, Ascension. — Room to the right. Entrance-wall: 15. Köckert, Haroun al-Raschid. On the left: 16. F. Kaulbach, Charlemagne; 47. Echter, Battle on the Lechfeld; 18. Schwoiser, Henry IV. at Canossa ; 19. Piloty, Godfrey de Bouillon; 20. Foltz, Frederick Barbarossa and Henry the Lion; 21. Ramberg, Emp. Frederick JI. at Palermo ; 22. Kreling, Lewis the Bavarian ; 23. Schnorr, Luther; 24. Piloty, Queen Elizabeth of Eng- land; 25. Piloty, Elector Maximilian I. ; 26. Kotzebue, Peter the Great ; 27. Adam , Battle of Zorndorf; 28. Pauwels, Louis XIV. ; 29. E. Hess, Washington ; 30. P. Hess, Battle of Leipsic. The “logge’ and side-rooms contain busts and portraits of great men. On both sides of the Maximilianeum lie the * Gasteig Pro- menades, laid out under King Max II. from the designs of Effner. They extend up the Isar to the Ludwigsbrücke, and down to Bogen- hausen (p. 166). — To the E. of the Maximilianeum is the suburb of Haidhausen, with the Gothic Church of St. John (Pl. H. 6), erec- ted in 1853–62; central tower, 286 ft. high. The interior, without aisles, has groined vaulting, marble altars, and stained-glass win- dows in the choir. The handsome Brienner-Strasse, 3/4 M. long, leads to the W. from the Odeons-Platz to the Propylaea and the Glyptothek. The Wittelsbacher Platz, on the right, is adorned with the equestrian *Statue of Elector Maximilian I. (PI. E, 3; d. 1651), founder and chief of the Rom. Cath. League, and victor at the Weisse Berg near Prague, designed by Thorvaldsen in 1839, and cast by Stiglmayer with the metal of captured Turkish cannon. — The Arco-Zinneberg Palace, property of the count of that name, Wittelsbacher Platz 1, º a rare and interesting *Collection of Antlers (adm., see p. 140). - - - At the E. end of the Maximilians-Platz (p. 164) is a Statue of Schiller by Widnmann (1863). To the right, farther on, is the red Wittelsbach Palace (Pl. E., 3), in the mediaeval English pointed style, built in 1843-50 from plans by Gärtner, the residence of Lewis I. in 1848–68, now that of Prince Ludwig, the present heir to the throne. Part of it is shown on application to the castellan (to the right in the court). Fine court and staircase. * In the Karolinemplatz (PI. D., 3) rises an Obelisk, 105 ft. in height, cast almost entirely of the metal of captured guns, 31 tons 138 Route 28. MUNICH. Old Pinakothek. in weight, and erected by Lewis I. in 1833 to the memory of 30,000 Bavarians who had perished in the Russian war. - The Barer-Strasse on the right leads to the – *Old Pinakothek (“Repository of Pictures', from the Greek; PI. D, 2.; adm., see p. 126), erected in 1826–36 by Klenze in the Renaissance style, and somewhat resembling the Vatican. On the S. side, on the attic story above, are twenty-four statues of celebrated painters from sketches by Schwanthaler. It contains upwards of 1400 pictures, arranged in periods and schools, in twelve saloons and twenty-three cabinets. Each picture is labelled. Catalogue 11/2.4., or with 120 photographs 45.4. (Hirth and Muther's ‘Cicerone', with 188 illustrations, 3rd ed. 1889, is also commendable.) The cabinets should be visited immediately after the rooms to which they belong, in order to preserve the historical sequence. Director, Prof. Dr. von Reber. ORIGIN of THE COLLECTION. This fine picture gallery has been for- med by the union of three different collections. As early as the 16th and 17th centuries the Bavarian princes were noted for their love of art. Elector Maximilian I. in particular was an enthusiastic admirer of Dürer, and secured at Nuremberg several of that master's finest works. In 1805 this collection was enriched by the removal to Munich of the celebrated Düsseldorf Gallery, founded by the Electors of the Palatinate. This was dome to save the collection from being carried off to Paris, and it was afterwards regarded as part of the inheritance of the Palatinate which fell to Bavaria. The numerous examples of Netherlandish masters of the 17th cent., including the fine Rubens collection, formed part of the Düssel- dorf Gallery. The third constituent part of the Pinakothek is the Boisserée Collection, being works of the Lower Rhenish school rescued by the brothers Sulpice and Melchior Boisserée and their friend Bertram from churches and monasteries suppressed at Cologne in 1805–1810. The addition of this valuable collection to the Pinakothek in 1827 placed it in the foremost rank as a gallery for the study of northern art. Under King Lewis I. the gallery was further extended by the addition of the Wallerstein collection *in 1828, and of several valuable works purchased at different times in Italy. The pre-Raphaelite Italian schools are scantily represented in the Munich Gallery; probably the most important example is the Madonna by Francesco Francia (Room VIII., No. 1039). The finest of the works by Raphael is undoubtedly the Madonna of the Tempi family (Cab. XIX., 1050), painted in his Florentine period; the con- temporary Madonna of the Canigiani family (R. VIII., 1049) has suffered greatly from cleaning, the angels at the top having entirely vanished. There exist several replicas of the Madonna della Tenda (Cab. XIX., 1051), at Turin and elsewhere, but the Munich ex- ample is considered the best. The portrait of Bindo Altoviti (R. VIII., 1052), freely retouched, was formerly regarded as a portrait of Raphael himself. Not one of the five works ascribed to Correggio is duly authenticated. The best example of the Venetian school is the Christ crowned with thorns, by Titian (R. IX., 1114). Murillo's Beggar Boys, perhaps the most popular work in the gallery, is sure of attention. Early Flemish painting is seen to the greatest advantage in Rogier van der Weyden's Triptych (R. II., 101-103) and St. Luke (R. II., 100), Memling's Seven Joys of Mary (Cab. III., 416), the Old Pinakothek. MUNICH. 28. Route. 139 winged altar-pieces and the triptych by Bouts (C. III., 107-111), and the Adoration of the Magi by Gerard David (R. II., 118). The Cologne works of the 15th and 16th centuries will chiefly attract the professional eye, while several works of the Swabian and Fran- conian schools are of general interest and high artistic impor- tance. Prominent among these German masters stands Holbein the Elder, to whom the altar-piece with St. Sebastian (R. III., 209– 211) is now rightly ascribed. Dürer's Four Apostles, or the ‘Four Temperaments' (R. III., 247, 248), deserve the closest study, espe- cially the magnificent St. Paul in the famous white robe, unrivalled in its plastic modelling. The Battle of Arbela (C. V., 290) by Al- brecht Altdorfer (ca. 1480–1538), remarkable for its almost fantastic excess of realism, the Finding of the Cross (R. III., 267) by the rare master Barthel Beham (d. 1540), and the Portrait (C. IV., 286) by Hans Baldung Grien are also worthy of notice. Of the altar-piece formerly attributed to Grünewald (R. III., 281 seq.) No. 281 alone is by this artist, while the wings are in the style of Cranach. Next to Antwerp and Vienna, Munich best shows the versatility of Rubens. Among the eighty-nine pictures formerly catalogued here under his name are many school-pieces and mediocre works, but they also include several of his finest creations. The vast range of his genius may be estimated by glancing from the stupendous Last Judgment to the Lion Hunt, from the Battle of the Amazons to the Children with garlands of fruit, from the sketches for the Me- dici pictures in the Louvre to the Bacchanalian scenes. Rubens's best pupil, Van Dyck, is also well represented by several portraits (R. VII., 844, 845). The Descent from the Cross (C. VIII., 326) is the finest of the numerous examples of Rembrandt. The can- vases of Adrian Brouwer (C. XVI., 879, 883, 885, 893), notable partly for their rarity, the genre-pieces of Terburg and Metsu, and the humorous subjects of Jan Steen also deserve attention. The works of the Italian painters of the 17th cent. generally meet with Scant Ilotice, but the Ascensions of Guido Reni and Cignani, at least, do not merit this fate. The Mourning over the body of Christ, by N. Poussin (R. XII., 1321), is a work of great beauty. Low ER RHBNISH AND EARLY NETHERLANDISH SCHOOLs (Rooms I, II; Cab. I–III). — I. Room. To the left: *1. Meister Wilhelm of Cologne (?), St. Veronica with the napkin ; 3, 4, Stephan Lochner, Saints; 31-33. Master of the Lyversberg Passion, The Twelve Apostles; 9–18. School of Meister Stephan, Wings of a shrine from Heisterbach with scenes from the Annunciation to the Gift of Ton- gues and Death of the Virgin, and figures of saints. II. Room. To the right (S.): *55, 56, 57. Master of the Death of the Virgin (Jan Joest of Calcar), Triptych, in the centre Death of the Virgin, on the wings the donors with their patron-saints. - E. wall: *118. Gerard David (?), Adoration of the Magi; 97, 98. Cowie, The Virgin Mary, John the Baptist (copies of figures in 140 Route 28. MUNICEI. Old Pinakothek. the Ghent altar-piece by Hubert van Eyck); *134. Quentin Mas- sys (?), Pietà: 86, 87. B. de Bruyn, Christ taking leave of Mary, Resurrection. — N. wall: 169, 170. J. van Hemessen, Call of Mat- thew, Isaac blessing Jacob. – W. wall: *101, 402, 103. Rogier van der Weyden the Elder, Triptych, in the centre Adoration of the Magi, on the wings Annunciation and Presentation. *No picture of the master is more imbued with religious feeling; none is more happily arranged and carried out.” — ‘The Early Flemish Painters” by Crowe and Cavalcaselle. Above, 162, 163, 164. Master of the Lyversberg Passion, Ad- oration of the Magi; *100. Rogier van der Weyden, St. Luke paint- ing a portrait of the Virgin; above, 139. Marinus van Roymers- IX. Lower French Rhenish School. North. School. Cologne 23|22|21 20|19||s|17 18||5|14 13||12||11 10 || 9 || 8 1 |s|s|| 1 || 3 |2| School. | XII. VI. V. IV. III. II. I. Hall Yº!" Venet. I Italian Flemishl Rubens | Flemishl Dutch Upper' of the **, School., School., School., Saloon., School. , School. Germ., o. School. Fº diers. º ves.T I, oggie. tibule. VIIIb. = Neap. & South. - Sp. Sch. - E wale, Room of a lawyer; 136. School of Quentin Massys, The two tax-gatherers. — S. wall: *48, 49, 50. The so-called Master of the Boisserée St. Bartholomew or of the Altar of the Holy Cross (in the Cologne Museum), Triptych: in the centre SS. Bartholomew, Agnes, and Cecilia; on the wings SS. Christina, James, John, and Margaret. CABINET I. To the right (W.): 5. School of Meister Stephan, Madonna in a bower of pinks; Master of the Lyversberg Passion, 28. Assumption, 27. Visitation. — S. wall: 29. Cologne Master, Coronation of the Virgin; Master of the Lyversberg Passion, 23. Nativity of the Virgin, 22. Meeting of Joachim and Anna, 34. Cruci- fixion. — E. wall: Master of the Lyversberg Passion, 24. Purifi- cation in the Temple, 26. Annunciation, 25. Marriage of the Virgin; 2. School of Meister Wilhelm, Virgin enthroned. CABINET II. To the left (E.): Flemish School, 126. St. George, 125. Madonna; 89. 80–88. Barth. Bruyn, Saints; 440. Patinir, Cru- cifixion; 152, 158. J. Mostaert, Adoration of the Magi, Presen- tation in the Temple; 161. Flemish Master, Nativity. — S. wall: 58. Master of the Death of the Virgin, Crucifixion; 143. Patinir (?), St. Rochus; 122. Netherlands School (about 1500), Madonna. — W. Wall: Portraits, chiefly by unknown masters; 68–72. B. Bruyn, Altar-piece; 133. Quentin Massys, Portrait of Jehan Carandolet. Old Pinakothek. MUNICH. 28. Route. 141 CABINET III. To the left (E.): *110, *111. Dierick Bouts, Two wings belonging to the Last Supper in the church of St. Peter at Louvain: Abraham and Melchisedech, and Gathering manna; *107-109. Dierick Bouts, Triptych, in the centre Adoration of the Magi, at the sides SS. John the Baptist and Christopher; *115. Memling, St. John the Baptist; 155, 156. Gossaert, surnamed Ma- buse, Madonna and Child, Danaë. — S. wall: 151. J. Mostaert (?), Repose on the Flight into Egypt; Herri met de Bles, *146. Adora- tion of the Magi, 147. Triptych ; Lucas van Leyden, “148. Virgin with Mary Magdalene and St. John, *149. Annunciation. — W. wall: 417. Gerard David, Madonna with St. Catharine and other saints; *114. Hugo van der Goes, Annunciation ; *116. Memling, The seven Joys of Mary (1480). - “We feel at once, in looking at this picture, the absence of linear per- spective and atmosphere; yet the episodes are so complete in themselves, and so cleverly arranged and executed, that they produce a deep im- pression; and the colours are so bright, so clear, and so admirably con- trasted, that we necessarily yield to a grateful sense of rest”. – C. & C. 145. Herri met de Bles, Annunciation; 138. M. van Roymers— wale, Money changer and his wife. UPPER GERMAN SCHOOLs (R. III; Cab. IV, V). — III. Room. To the left (E.): *240, *241, *242. Dürer, The Paumgartner altar- piece, a Triptych, in the centre the Nativity, on each side the Foun- ders in armour; above, 497, 198, 199, 200. Holbein the Elder, Crown of Thorns, Ecce Homo, Bearing of the Cross, Resurrection. — S. wall: M. Schaffner, 214. Annunciation, 215. Presentation in the Temple; 234. M. Wohlgemut, Crucifixion; above, 258. Style of Hans von Kulmbach, Adoration of the Magi; M. Schaffner, 216. Pouring out of the Holy Ghost, 217. Death of the Virgin; 229. M. Wohlgemut, Resurrection; above, 259. Style of H. v. Kulmbach, Resurrection of Christ and Coronation of the Virgin. – W. wall: 209, *210, *211. H. Holbein the Elder, Triptych: centre, Martyrdom of St. Sebastian; at the sides, SS. Barbara and Elizabeth. This work may be styled the artist's master-piece, and far transcends any of his previous efforts. Without excessive or violent motion, the picture is full of dramatic power. The head of the saint is well in- dividualised and expressive of a high degree of patient suffering, while the nude body shows careful observation of nature. See ‘Holbein und seine Zeit", by Professor Alfred Woltmann. Above, *225. H. Burgkmair, Esther before Ahasuerus; Holbein the Elder, 201. Purification in the Temple, 204. Nativity, 202. An- nunciation, 203. Visitation; above the door, 278. Lucas Cranach the Elder, The Woman taken in adultery (afterwards enlarged one- half); 254, 255. H. von Kulmbach, Joseph and Zacharias; *238. Dürer, Pietà: above, 267. Barthel Beham, Invention of the Cross; 205, 206, 207, 208. Works by Holbein the Elder. — N. wall: Dürer, *247. SS. Peter and John, “248.5 SS. Paul and Mark (completed in 1526). *A. - - - The four Apostles are at the same time prototypes of the four “Com- plexions', St. John representing the melancholic, St. Peter the phlegmatic, 142 Route 28. MUNICH. Old Pinakothek. St. Paul the choleric, and St. Mark the sanguine temperament. The panel with SS. Paul and Mark is the finer of the two. St. Paul is one of the most majestic figures ever conceived by the master, and appears as if just on the point of battling for his faith with word or blow. A great deal more labour in the details has been bestowed upon St. Paul than upon the other figures, and it is also the best-preserved. The white mantle is a marvel of plastic painting, and is admirably shaded. — ‘Dürer', by Prof. Moriz Thausing. M. Wohlgemut, 233. Crucifixion, 234. (above the door) Mar- riage of St. Catharine; *281. Grünewald, Conversion of St. Mauri- tius; 282-285. Four altar-wings belonging to the last, with SS. M. Magdalene, Lazarus, Chrysostom, and Martha, by an unknown ma- ster; 188, 189. B. Strigel, Portraits of the Rehlingen family, patri- cians of Augsburg. — E. wall: 274. L. Cranach the Elder, Death of Lucretia; 244. Dürer, Same subject; *222. Burgkmair, St. John in Patmos; above, 193-196. Works by Holbein the Elder. CABINET IV. To the left (E.): 223, 234, School of Ratisbon, William IV., duke of Bavaria, and his consort Jacobaea; *239. Dürer, Portrait of himself (probably painted in 1504–5; the date 1500 is wrong); 178, 179. Master of the St. Quirinus, SS. Cyprian and Cornelius; Dürer, 246. Simeon and Lazarus, 245. Joachim and Joseph (from the Jabach altar); 224. Burgkmair, SS. Liborius and Eustace. — S. wall: 291. Altdorfer, Mary and Child, with angel musicians; *212. Holbein the Younger, Portrait of D. Born; 292. Ulrich Apt, Mourning for Christ. — W. wall: 270. Cranach, Ma- donna; A. Dürer, 250. Mater dolorosa, *243. Portrait of his teacher Wohlgemut; *289. Altdorfer, The chaste Susanna; 294. Feselen, Porsena besieging Rome; 288. Altdorfer, St. George and the Dra- gon; *174. Martin Schongauer, Nativity; A. Dürer, *237. Portrait of a young man, “249. Portrait of Jakob Fugger; 175—177. Zeitblom, SS. Margaret, Ursula, and Bridget. — N. wall: 268. B. Beham, King Louis of Hungary; H. Baldung Grien, 286. Margrave Philip of Baden, 287. Margrave Christopher of Baden. . CABINET V. To the left (E.): 295. M. Feselen, Siege of Alesia (in Burgundy) by Caesar; *236. Dürer, Portrait of Oswald Krell (1499); 183. B. Strigel, David with the head of Goliath; 269. Bartel Beham, Death of Marcus Curtius. – S. wall: 226, 227. Burgkmair, The Baptist and St. John; 292. Altdorfer, Mourning for Christ. — W. wall: 228. Brew, Victory of Scipio at Zama; 290. Altdorfer, Victory of Alexander the Great at Arbela; *213. H. Holbein the Younger, Portrait of Sir Bryan Tuke, treasurer of King Henry VIII.; 191. B. Strigel, Emp. Maximilian I. : 302. Muelich, Portrait of a lady; 220. Burgkmair, Portrait of Schongauer. DUTCH SCHooſ, (R.IV; Cab. VI-XI). — IV. Room. To the left (E.): 640, 644. Weenir, Still-life; 317, Barth. van der Helst (?), Admiral van Tromp : 356. Aart van Gelder, Portrait of a man. — S. wall: 345, 346, 318 (?). B. van der Helst, Portraits; *579. Jan Wynants, Landscape by morning light, accessories by A. van de Old Pinakothek. MUNICH. 28. Route. 143 Velde; *359. Frans Hals (?), Family portraits; 645. Weenia, Poul- try; 319, 320. Ravesteyn, Portraits; 313. Mierevelt, Portrait; *580. Wynants, Landscape by evening-light, accessories by A. van de Velde; 307. Bloemaert, Raising of Lazarus; 322. De Vries, Portrait. — W. wall: *338, *339. Bol, The painter Govert Flinck and his wife; 554. J. van der Meer of Haarlem, Forest-scene; 343. G. Flinck, Soldiers gaming; 312. Honthorst, Cimon and Pera; 310. Honthorst, St. Peter liberated from prison; 646. Weenia, Boar-hunt; Rembrandt, *333 (?). Portrait of himself, 325. Portrait of a man in Turkish costume; 335, 386. Lievens, Portraits of old men; 487. A. van de Velde, Landscape with cattle by evening-light; 350. G. van den Eeckhout, Isaac blessing Jacob. — N. wall: 647. M. de Hondecoeter, Cock-fight; 451. A. van der Werff, Mary Magdalene; *332. Rem- brandt, Abraham's sacrifice; 594. N. Berchem, Landscape with ruins; 324. Rembrandt, Holy Family; 644. Weenic, Game; *588. J. Both, Autumnal scene; 648. Hondecoeter, Cock-fight; 609. Beer- straten, Storm at sea. — E. wall: 566. Everdingen, Norwegian land- scape; 390. M. Sweerts, Smokers; 547. J. van Ruysdael, Landscape with waterfall; 592. Berchem, Laban and Jacob. - CABINET VI. To the left (E.): A. Cuyp, 475. Landscape, 474. Officer with a grey horse; 569. A. van Everdingen (?), Mountain scene; 350. Es. van de Velde, Skaters. — S. wall: 491. A. van de Velde, Cattle; 471. P. Potter, Cows and goats; 490. A. van de Velde, Shepherd at a well. — W. wall: 534. J. Cuyp (?), Town on a river; *472. Paul Potter, Cattle; Isaac van Ostade, 378. Winter-scene, 381. Village-fair; J. van Goyen, 535. Landscape, ,537. Town on a river; 541, 540. S. van Ruysdael, Landscapes; 321. Ravesteyn, Portrait; 314. Mierevelt, Portrait. CABINET VII. To the left (E.): 551. J. van Ruysdael, Group of oaks and a torrent; *424 Metsu, Twelfth Night; 362. S. van Ruysdael, River scene; 624. De Heem, Flowers. — S. wall: 597. Berchem, and 587. Both, Landscape. — W. wall: *548. J. van Ruysdael, Marshy forest; *478. K. du Jardin, The sick goat; *544. J. van Ruysdael, The sandy road; 610. L. Bakhuysen, Antwerp harbour; 351, 852. J. Backer, Portraits. CABINET VIII. To the left (E.): Rembrandt, *331. Adoration of the Shepherds, *326. Descent from the Cross, *ā27. Crucifixion. 348. G. van den Eeckhout, Jesus teaching in the Temple. — S. wall: *583, 584. J. Both, Landscapes with Mercury and Juno ; 623. J. de Heem, Fruit; 401. Dow, Old woman cutting bread; *369. A. van Ostade, Peasants drinking and smoking. — W. wall: Rembrandt, *328. Ascension, *329. Resurrection, *830. Entombment. This remarkable series of scenes from the history of Christ (Nos. 326- 331) was executed in 1633-39 for Prince Frederick Henry, Stadtholder of the Netherlands. The finest of the series is the Entombment, which is painted with a broad and vigorous touch, and is of ample, dry, and gra- mulated impasto. The colouring in general is sombre, and in the back- ground and the figures in the foreground there are shades of brown which 144 Route 28. MUNICH. Old Pinakothek. recall the Spanish colourists. A powerful effect is produced by the group on which the high light falls, where the colours have been laid on with great freedom. – “Rembrandt; sa Vie et ses (Euvres', by C. Vosmaer. 585. Jan and Andries Both, Card-players; 543. S. van Ruys- dael, Landscape. CABINET IX. To the left (E.): 481. G. Schalcken, The wise and the foolish virgins; 372. Ostade, Merry peasants; *545. J. van Ruysdael, Forest scene; 577. Wynants, Landscape; *409. F. van Mieris the Elder, Oyster-breakfast; 371. A. Ostade, Boors brawling; 392. J. Steen, Physician feeling the pulse of a patient; G. Dow, 403. Old woman eating, 396. Girl with a light at a window, *402. Old woman at a window; 370. A. Ostade, Merry peasants; 546. J. van Ruysdael, Forest scene. — S. wall: Isaac van Ostade, 376. Interior of a cottage, 377. Winter-scene; 353. S. de Koninck, Jesus in the Temple; 510. P. Wouwerman, Grey horse. — W. wall: 419. F. van Mieris, Trumpeter; 477. K. du Jardin, Bearer of a love-letter; 425. Metsu, Cook in the larder; *388. Terburg, Trumpeter bringing a lover-letter; 539. J. v. Ruysdael, Landscape; Dou, 398. Woman selling herrings, *397. Portrait of himself; *389. Ter Borch, Boy with a dog. — N. wall: 434. G. Schalcken, Blowing out a candle, CABINET X. To the left (F.): *423. F. van Mieris, Lady at her mirror; 407. G. Dow, Lady at her toilette; 391. J. Steen, Card— players quarrelling; Mieris, *415. Lady playing the lute, *447. Lady in a swoon, *444. Lady with a parrot; 614. J. van der Heyden, Street-scene; G. Dow, 393. Old painter (Jürgen Ovens, pupil of Rembrandt) at an easel, 399. Hermit. — S. wall: G. Dou, 395. Old market-woman, 408, 400. Hermits; *550. J. v. Ruysdael, Waterfall; *364. De Keyser, Man and wife; 628. A. van Beyeren, Still-life; 374. Ostade, Man drinking. — W. wall: 404. G. Dow, Old woman comb- ing a boy's hair; 558. J. van der Meer van Haarlem, Margin of a forest; 427. Slingeland, Cradle; G. Dow, *894. Quack, 405. Girl emptying a can ; 621, 622. De Heem, Flowers and fruit; Mieris, *420. Officer asleep, 422. Boor cutting tobacco; 549. J. van Ruys- dael, Thaw in the village. CABINET XI. To the left (E.): Ph. Wouwerman, 503. Watering horses, 501. Stable; 488. A. van de Velde, Ferry; 652, 653. J. van Huysum, Fruit and flowers; *496. Ph. Wowºwerman, Deer— hunt; *582. Wynants, Landscape; Ph. Wouwerman, 499. Leaving the stable, 513. Draught of fishes. – S. wall: 506. Ph. Wouwer- man, Battle of Nördlingen; 618. Willem van de Velde, Calm sea; 436. Eglon van der Neer, Lady in a faint; 567. Everdingen, Storm at sea; 507. Ph. Wouwerman, Plundering of a village. —W. wall: 468. F. van Mieris the Younger, Fishmonger; 505. Ph. Wowwerman, Scene on the ice; *651. Huysum, Fruit; *426. Pieter de Hooch, Interior with woman reading; Ph. Wouwerman, 500. Waggoners at a ferry, 508. Sportsmen resting, 502. Watering horses; 406. Dou, Woman baking cakes. FLEMISH SCHooſ, (RR. V–VII.; Cab. XII-XVI). — W. Room. To Old Pinakothek. MUNICH. 28. Route. 145 the left (E.): 786. Rubens, Portrait of a young man; *813. Jor- daens, The satyr and the peasant; 871. G. de Crayer, Portrait. — S. wall: *663. Neuchâtel, Neudörfer, the mathematician, and his son; 934. C. E. Biset, Picture-gallery; 869. G. de Crayer, Madonna enthroned; 664, 665. Neuchâtel, Portraits; 944. Millet, Landscape; 964. De Vos, Bear-hunt. – W. wall: Snyders, 957. Two young lions pursuing a roe-deer, 956. Lioness killing a wild-boar. — N. wall: 812. De Vos, Family of Ulrich von Hutten; *814. Jordaens, Twelfth Night; 925. Teniers the Younger, Fair at Florence (after Callot); *955. Snyders, Kitchen-piece. — E. wall: *729. Rubens and J. Brueghel, Madonna in a garland of flowers; 661. A. Mor (?), Por- trait; 954. Snyders, Poultry-dealer. VI. Room, with the adjoining Cabinet XII. (see p. 146), con- tains exclusively works of Rubens or from his studio. To the left (E.): *734. Lion-hunt; 756. Mars crowned by Victory. — S. wall: **737. Perdition of lost souls; 724. Seneca; *752. Meleager and Atalante; 751. Jacob and Esau; *782. Portraits of Rubens and his first wife, Isabella Brant; 726. Martyrdom of St. Law- rence; *735. The Last Judgment (the large picture); *794. Portrait of his second wife, Helena Fourment; 750. SS. Peter and Paul; *757. Massacre of the Innocents; *784. Earl and Countess of Arundel; *728. Seven children with festoons of fruit; *754. Drunken Silenus. — W. wall: 787. Philip IV. of Spain; *798. Rubens and Helena Fourment in a garden; *799. Portrait of a scholar; 749. The Trinity; *800. Portrait of Dr. van Thulden; *744. Samson betrayed by De- lilah; 788. Elizabeth of Bourbon, wife of Philip IV. of Spain. — N. wall:".97. Helena Fourment and her sonſ (21. Diana; *795. Por- trait of Helena Fourment; 730. Nymphs surprised by satyrs; 739. The woman of the Apocalypse; *746. Christ and Mary Magdalene; *759. Pastoral scene; *791. Franciscan; *748. Crucifixion; *790. Cardinal Don Ferdinand of Spain; 736, Fall of the Angels; *727. Rape of the daughters of Leucippus by Castor and Pollux; 725. Drunkenness and Wantonness overcome by Virtue and Temper- ance. — E. wall: 755. War and Peace; 753. Reconciliation of the Romans and the Sabines. VII. Room. To the left (E.): A. van Dyck, 848. The organist Liberti of Antwerp, 827. Rest on the Flight into Egypt, 835. The Marchese Mirabella; 939. J. v. Artois, Landscape. — S. wall: Van Dyck, 828. SS. Mary and John with the body of Christ, 834. Petel, the sculptor, 823. Martyrdom of St. Sebastian. 781. Snyders, Boar- hunt, the figures by Rubens. *832. A. van Dyck and P. Snayers, Henry IV. of France defeating the Catholic League. A. van Dyck, 867. Christ and the man with the palsy, *822. Susanna at the bath, *833. Portrait of himself (?), 866. Portrait of Queen Maria Henrietta of England. – W. wall: 868. G. Kneller (after Van Dyck), Queen Henrietta Maria of England; A. van Dyck, *846. The painter Jan de Wael and his wife, 849, Portrait of Mary Ruthven, Van Dyck’s BAEDEKER’s S. Germany, 7th Edit, 10 146 Route 28. MUNICEI. Old Pinakothek. wife; 964. J. Fyt, Bear-hunt. Van Dyck, 847. Malery the en- graver, *830. Pietà, 836. Portrait of Marchese Spinola (unfinished). *965. J. Fyt, Boar-hunt. — N. wall: A. van Dyck, 842. Duchess of Croy, *843. Portrait, *841. Duke of Croy, 824. St. Sebastian ; 968. P. Boel, Dog watching dead game. Van Dyck, *839, *840. Burgomaster of Antwerp and his wife, *837. Duke Wolfgang Wil- helm of the Palatinate. J. Fyt, 963. Roe pursued by dogs, *966. Still-life. — E. wall: A. van Dyck, *844, *845. The sculptor Colyn de Nole and his wife, *826. Madonna and Child with John the Bap- tist. 940. Artois, Landscape. CABINET XII. Contains exclusively pictures by, or attributed to, Rubens (comp. R. VI, p. 445). To the left (E.): *762. St. Chri- stopher; 738. The Last Judgment (the small picture). “Very happily and with a proper feeling of his own powers, Rubens has here given only a corner in the background to the Blessed, whose heavenly calm and ethereal existence he was incapable of expressing; and he has devoted the whole of the remaining space to the fall of the Damned, his true sphere. . . . The whole produces an admirable effect by the broad manner in which the light is managed. The colouring is powerful, but not extravagant; the treatment particularly easy and clever". — ‘Life of Rubens', by Prof. Waagen. 758. Pietà. — S. wall: *743. Satyrs; 745. The chaste Susanna; *733. Conversion of Paul; 796. Helena Fourment; 783. Rubens's brother; 785. Portrait; *764. Landscape, with rainbow; 804. Re- surrection of the righteous; 760. Browsing cattle; *782. Destruction of Sennacherib's army; 805. Job. – W. wall: *793. Portrait of a girl; *742. Battle of the Amazons. ‘The admirable effect of the whole is increased by a decided and masterly arrangement of the light; the colouring is forcible without being overcharged, and the execution of the principal parts must be called careful for Rubens. In the whole range of modern art there exists no other historical battle-piece worthy of being compared with Raphael's Battle of Constantine; and in fact it has the advantage over the latter in the well-planned concentration of interest, and in the contrast afforded by the male and female figures, which is admirably employed.” — Waagen. 792. Old woman; *780. Mourning for Decius (sketch); 807. Ma- rauding soldiers. — N. wall: 809. St. George; 763. Plague-stricken man invoking St. Francis of Paula; 811. Forest scene. Also, eigh- teen *Sketches of events in the life of Maria de' Medici, for the oil- paintings in the Louvre. CABINET XIII. To the left (E.): Van Dyck (sketches), 856. General Tilly, 851. Maria de' Medici, 859. Palamedesz, the painter, 860. Van Uden, the painter, 857. John, Count of Nassau. 708, 709. H. van Balen and J. Brueghel, Spring, Summer. — S. wall: 921. D. Teniers the Younger, Apes carousing; 831. Van Dyck, Pietà: 719. Winkboons, Bearing of the Cross; 922. Teniers, Monkeys. – W. Wall: A. van Dyck, 854. Gustavus Adolphus, 855. Wallenstein, 853. Margaret of Lorraine, 852. Prince Thomas of Carignan, 858. Caesar Alexander Scaglia. Van Balen and Brueghel, 710, 711. Autumn, Winter, 716. Nymphs hunting. CABINET XIV. To the left (E.): 697, 682, 689, J. Brueghel, Old Pinakothek. MUNICEI. 28. Route. 147 Senr., Landscapes; *909. Teniers the Younger, Violin-player; 675. Bril, Landscape; 919. Teniers, Witchcraft. — S. wall: 718, 712. Balen and Brueghel, Nymphs fishing, Nymphs and game; 850. Van Dyck, Snayers, the painter; 705. Brueghel and Rubens, Flora. — W. wall: Teniers, 917. Lot and his daughters, 930. Rustic scene, 912. Village-concert; 819. C. Schwt, Forge of Vulcan; J. Brueghel, 704. Madonna with a garland of flowers, 683. Landscape; 715. Van Balen and Brueghel, Feast of the Gods. CABINET XV. To the left (E.): Teniers, 902, 903. Tavern- scenes, 929, 926. Old picture-gallery at Brussels; 894. A. Brouwer, Peasants singing. — W. wall: 916. Teniers, Municipal guard- room; *880. Brouwer, Village surgeon; Teniers, 911. Peasant couple, 905. Peasant wedding. CABINET XVI. To the left (E.): *879. Browwer, Card-players quarrelling; *907. Teniers, Boors drinking; 887, 890, 895, 896. Brouwer, Tavern-scenes; *945. Millet, Coast-scene. — S. wall: Brouwer, 882, 883, 884, 891, 892. Scenes of peasant-life, *885. Village-surgeon. — W. wall: 904. Teniers, Village-tavern; *893. Browwer, Soldiers gaming; 825. A. van Dyck, Crucifixion; *910. Teniers, Cottage-interior; 946. Millet, Italian landscape; 888. Browwer, Card-players. ITALIAN SoHooſ, (RR. VIII-X; Cab. XVII-XX). — VIII. Room. To the left (E.): *1033. Cima da Conegliano, Madonna with Mary Magdalene and St. Jerome; 4047. G. Pedrini, Madonna; *1083. Lor. Lotto, Marriage of St. Catharine; 1008. Filippino Lippi, Christ appearing to the Virgin; 1062, 1061. Granacci, St. Apollonia and the Magdalene. — S. wall: *1011, 4012, 1013. Dom. Ghirlandajo, Madonna with SS. Catharine and Lawrence; 1057. Mariotto Alber- timelli, Annunciation; *1010. S. Botticelli, Pietà: *1080. Garofalo, Pietà ; 1027. Lombard School, St. Ambrose; 1026. Marco Palmez- zano, Madonna. – W. wall: 1077. Sch. of Rid. Ghirlandajo, Ma- donna and Child with John the Baptist; 1072. D. Puligo, Madonna; 1047. Lor. di Credi, Holy Family; 1062, 1064. Granacci, SS. Apollonia and Magdalene; 1085. Rocco Marconi, St. Nicholas; 1066. A. del Sarto (?), Holy Family; 1095. Correggio, Madonna with SS. Ildefons and Jerome; 1064, 1063. Granacci, John the Baptist, St. Jerome. — N. wall: 1056. After Raphael, Holy Family; *4034. Perugino, The Virgin appearing to St. Bernard; *4039. Fr. Francia, Madonna in a bower of roses. - This panel “affords a rare example of dignity in Francia’s works; it is also distinguished by a more tender blending and harmony of silvery tone than any we have hitherto met with’. — ‘History of Painting in North Italy', by Crowe and Cavalcaselle. *1052. Raphael, Portrait of Bindo Altoviti; 1045. B. Luini, St. Catharine; *1049. Raphael, Holy Family, of the Canigiani fam- ily; 1087. Seb. del Piombo, Portrait of a priest; 1073. Sodoma, Madonna; 1060. Innocenzo da Imola, Virgin and saints; *1035. Perugino, Madonna adoring the Child; 1009. Filippino Lippi, 40 * 148 Route 28. MUNICH. Old Pinakothek, Pietà. – E. wall: 1086. Girolamo da S. Croce, The relatives of Christ; 1006. Fra Filippo Lippi, Madonna; 1040. F. Francia, Ma- donna with two angels; 1005. Fra Filippo Lippi, Annunciation; *1031. M. Basaiti, Madonna; 987, 988. Spinello Aretino, Two altar- pieces with five saints in each. IX. Room. To the left (E.): *1127. Tintoretto (?), Vesalius, the anatomist; *1112. Titian, Charles W.; Paolo Veronese (?), 1143. Ca- ritas Romana, 1144. Strength and Temperance; 1147. J. Bassano, Entombment. — S. wall: Paolo Veronese, 1134. Cupid with two tiger-hounds, 1135. Portrait of a lady in brown silk; 1117. F. We— cellio, Madonna and saints; 1416. Titian (?), Venus initiating a girl in the service of Bacchus; 1128. Tintoretto (?), Nobleman introduc- ing his son to the Doge. — W. wall: 1152. Leandro Bassano, Christ with Mary and Martha; *1113. Titian, Madonna; 1149, J. Bassano, Moses smiting the rock; 1126. Pulzone, Portrait; *1109. Titian, Madonna with Jesus and John the Baptist. “The head and foot of St. John, and the head of the Virgin are damaged by abrasion and retouching; yet the picture is still a lovely one of Titian, and the landscape to the right, with blue mountains and nearer ranges dotted with church and campanile, is beautifully painted’. — ‘Titian”, by Crowe and Cavalcaselle. 1124. Moroni, Portrait; 1125. Titian (?), Venetian noble; *1108. Palma Vecchio, Mary with St. Rochus and Magdalene. ‘The flesh tints are ſlayed, and there is some retouching in this little picture, but the figures and action are still attractive by their grace; and the colours almost equal those of Titian in richness and power', C. & C. N. wall: *1123. Moretto, Priest; 1275, 1274. Rotari, Genre scenes; School of Tintoretto, 1182. Portrait of Grimani, Venetian admiral, 1429. Annunciation; *1110. Titian, Vanity of earthly things; 1239. B. Strozzi, The Tribute-Money; 1111. Titian, Portrait of a man; 1156. Palma Giovane, Adoration of the Shepherds; *1114. Titian, Christ crowned with thorns (of his latest period). “It is impossible to conceive better arrangement, greater harmony of lines, or more boldness of movement. Truth in the reproduction of na- ture in momentary action is combined with fine contrasts of light and shade, and an inimitable richness of tone, in pigment kneaded, grained, and varied in surface beyond anything that we know of this time'. C. & C. 136. P. Veronese, The Centurion of Capernaum ; 1421. Paris Bordone (?), Portraits; 1155. Palma Giovane, Entombment. — E. wall: 1120. P. Bordone, Portrait; 1140. Veronese(?), Cleopatra; 1151. L. Bassano, Madonna; P. Veronese, 1137. Madonna, 1141. Justice and Prudence, 1142. Faith and Devotion; *1107. Palma Vecchio, Portrait of himself. “A noble portrait by Palma Vecchio", probably of the painter himself. ‘Whoever he may be, the man is of strong and emergetic mould; the glance of his eye is so rapid, open, and expressive as to convey the best impression of nature's instant action; there is a breadth of modelling and a variety of toning beyond measure telling and truthful; and the play of the features is admirable'. C. & C. 1271. Tiepolo, Adoration of the Magi. - - X. Room. To the left (E.): 1174. Guido Reni, St. Jerome; 1176. Doménichino, Susanna at the bath; 1241. Vaccaro, The Holy Child Old Pinakothek, MUNICH. 28. Route. 149 and John the Baptist; *1241. Procaccini, Holy Family; 1215. Ca- valiere d'Arpino, Madonna. — S. wall: 1194, Canlassi, Mary Mag- dalene borne to Heaven by angels; 1209. Lod. Carracci, St. Francis; 1487. School of Albani, Venus and Mars; 1471. G. Remi, Apollo flaying Marsyas. - W. wall: 1259. Cignani, Assumption. — N. wall: 1212. Procaccini, Holy Family; 1054. After Raphael, St. Cecilia (original at Bologna); 1105. Baroccio, St. Mary of Egypt receiving the Eucharist; 1197. A. Turchi, Hercules and Omphale; *1170. G. Reni, Assumption; 1165. Lod. Carracci, Angel appearing to St. Francis; 1226. C. Dolci, Mary Magdalene. — E. wall: 1164. Lod. Carracci, Entombment; 1185. Tiarini, Rinaldo in the en- chanted forest (from Tasso); 1104. Baroccio, Christ appearing to Mary Magdalene. x CABINET XVII. To the left (E.): 4023. Florentine Sch. (about 1480), Madonna enthroned; 983. Giotto, Last supper; *989–991. Fra Angelico, Legend of SS. Cosmas and Damianus; 992. Fra An- gelico, The dead Christ; 1000. Florentine Sch. (about 1400), St. Jerome. — S. wall: 1022. Francesco di Giorgio, St. Anthony of Padua; 4001. Florentine Sch., The Magi; 999. Florentine Sch., St. Francis; 4007. Fra Filippo Lippi, Annunciation; 993, 994. School of Fiesole, Annunciation. – W. wall: Giotto, 982. Christ in Hades, 981. Crucifixion; 986. Lippo Memmi (?), Assumption; 996, 997. Florentine Sch., Portraits; 1030. Sch. of Gentile Bellini, Portrait. CABINET XVIII. To the left (E.): 995. Sch. of Fra Angelico, Head of a monk (in fresco); 1053. Raphael (?), Head of St. John. on a tile. — S. wall: 1084. Garofalo, Madonna with St. Michael and John the Baptist; 1044. Style of Leonardo da Vinci, Madonna. W. wall: 1032. M. Basaiti, Descent from the Cross; 1065. F. Gra- macci, Virgin adoring the Child. - CABINET XIX. To the left (E.): 1078. Umbro-Bolognese Sch., Portrait of a young man ; *1242. Salvator Rosa, Soldiers drinking; 1059. Girol. del Pacchia, St. Bernardino; 1223. Sassoferrato, Ma- donna; *1050. Raphael, Madonna di Tempi (so named from the Casa Tempi at Florence, where it was purchased by Lewis I. in 4829). & * in tone and execution this beautiful work is closely allied to the celebrated Madonna of the House of Orleans. The colours are laid on thinly, with a somewhat fuller impasto in the whitish light. It is a true touch of nature which makes the mother accompany the close embrace with a look of tender affection, while the child receives the caress more mechanically and gazes straight out of the picture. — ‘Raffael und Michelangelo", by Prof. Anton Springen'. *1133. P. Veronese, Jupiter and Antiope; 1058. Pacchia, Ma- donna; 1186. Albani, Venus and Adonis. – S. wall : 1225. Carlo Dolci, Holy Child; 1488. Cavedone, Mourning angel; 1037, 4038. Perugino (?), Baptism and Resurrection of Christ (predelle); *1094. Correggio (?), Faun playing the flute; 1074. Sodoma (?), Archangel Michael. – W. wall: 1184. B. Gennari, Salvator Mundi. *1054. 150 Route 28. MUNICH. Old Pimal;othek, Raphael, Madonna della Tenda (so named from the green curtain; purchased in England by Lewis I. in 1814); 1227. C. Dolci, Mary Magdalene. — N. wall: 1224. C. Dolci, Madonna. CABINET XX. To the left (E.): Belotto (Canaletto), 1268. The Piazzetta, 1270. Vegetable-market at Venice; 1223. Sassoferrato, Madonna; 1245. S. Rosa (?), Rocky landscape; 1145. Paolo Vero- nese, Adoration of the Magi. — S. wall: 1168. Ann. Carracci, Pietà: 4192. Lanfranco, Christ on the Mt. of Olives; 1200. Cigoli, St. Francis. – W. wall: 1267. Belotto (Canaletto), Canal Grande at Venice; 1148. Jac. Bassano, St. Jerome; 1269. Belotto, Scenes in Venice; 1233. Maratta (?), Portrait of a cardinal. - SPANISH MASTERs. – XI. Roomſ. To the left [N.): 1291. Zur- baran, St. Francis of Assisi; 1254. L. Giordano. Portrait; *1308. Murillo, Old woman cleansing a boy's head; 1253. L. Giordano, Portrait of himself. — E. wall: 1309. Coello, St. Peter of Alcan- tara walking on the sea; 1280. Ribera, Body of St. Andrew removed from the cross; 1298. Pereda, Portrait; 1281. Ribera, Death of Se- neca. — S. wall: 1310. Jos. Antolinez, Madonna in a glory; Mu- rillo, *1306. Beggar-boys gambling, *1303. St. Francis of Paula healing a paralytic, *1307. Girls selling fruit; 1279. Ribalta, The Virgin and St. John returning from the Sepulchre. — W. wall: Ribera, 1285. Manasses, king of the Jews, 1282. Egg-dealer; 1300. P. de Moya, Conversation-piece; *1305. Murillo, Two beggar-boys with a puppy; 1284. Ribera, St. Bartholomew; 1293. Velazquez, Portrait; 1299. P. de Moya, Fortune-teller; 1302. Carefio, Donna Maria Anna de Austria. — N. wall: *1292. Velazquez, Portrait of himself; 1283. Ribera, Peter's repentance; *1304. Murillo, Two beggar-boys eating grapes and melons; 1301. Alonso Cano, St. An- thony of Padua carrying the Holy Child. - XII. Roomſ. FRENCH and LATER GERMAN MASTERs. To the left (N.): *1326, *1327. Claude Lorrain, Landscapes. – W. wall: 1328. N. Poussin, Midas and Bacchus; 1374. J. Wernet, Storm at sea; 1340. Ph. de Champaigne, Turenne; *1824, *1325. Claude Lorrain, Land- scapes; *1321. N. Poussin, Entombment. — S. wall: 1330. Le Sueur, Christ in the house of Lazarus. – E. wall: Pictures by J. H. Roos, J. K. Loth, Chris. Schwarz, A. R. Mengs (1431. Portrait of himself), Angelica Kauffmann (1432. Portrait of herself), and other Ima.SterS. - CABINET XXI. To the left (E.): 1316. A. Crabeth (?), Portrait of a young lady; 1831. Le Sueur, Mass of St. Louis; 1368. J. Ver- net, Morning by the sea; 1366. Pesne, Girl with straw-hat; 1376. Chardin, Cookparing turnips; 1369. Vernet, Evening near Rome. — W. wall: 1377. Greuze, Head of a girl; 1315. Clouet, Claude de France. — N. wall : 1820. S. Vouet, Madonna. CABINET XXII. GERMAN MASTERs, chiefly 17th cent. — To the left (E.): Netscher, 1898. Musical entertainment, 1899. Lady with parrot; 1884. Rottenhammer, Last Judgment; 1446. J. H. Roos, Old Pinakothek. MUNICEI. 28. Route, 151 Before the battle; 1426, 1427. Denner, Old man and old woman; Rottenhammer, 1383. Judgment of Paris, 1885. Diana and Actaeon; Netscher, 1400. Bathsheba at the bath, 1402. Pastoral scene. — S. wall: *1391. Elsheimer, Moon light scene, with the Flight to Egypt as accessory; 1401. Netscher, Boy playing the flute; 1404, 1405. Mignon, Fruit and flowers; Rottenhammer, 1386. Madonna in a landscape, 1387. Boys dancing. — W. wall: 1388. Rottenhammer, Marriage at Cana; 1403. Lingelbach, Hay—harvest; 145. Roos, Land- scape with cattle; 1390. Elzheimer, Destruction of Troy. CABINET XXIII contains a series of religious pictures painted for Elector Palatine Johann Wilhelm by Adrian van der Werff, and a few other works by the same hand (440-61, 464, 438, 446). On the S. side are the *Logge (entrance from the Platz, to the left), an arcade in twenty-five sections, with frescoes designed by Cornelius, illustrating the history of painting in the middle ages, the first thirteen relating to Italian art, the remaining twelve to art in Germany, the Netherlands, and France. E. SERIES : 1. Dome: Religion in union with the Arts. Arabesques; King David (lyric poetry), Solomon (architecture), St. Luke (painting), St. Cecilia (music). King Lewis conducted by his genius into the grove of poets and artists; the three heads to the right on the outer arch are Klenze, Cornelius, and Zimmermann. — 2. The Crusades awaken Art. Bernard of Clairvaux preaches the Crusade. Battle of Iconium. Giov. Pisano shows the magistrates of Pisa, his design for the Campo Santo. — 3. Cimabue (d. 1300). He is taught by Byzantine painters; his Madonna brought into the church. — 4. Giotto (d. 1337), when a shepherd-boy, becomes Cimabue's pupil; shows his pictures to Pope Benedict XI. : King Robert of Naples visits Giotto ; the painter accompanies Pope Clement V. to Avignon. — 5. Fra Angelico da Fiesole (d. 1455). Ordination as Dominican ; he paints in the cells of the monastery; receives the blessing of Pope Martin V. after having painted a chapel in the Vatican ; shows Duke Cosimo de' Medici at Florence the plan of the monastery of St. Mark. He declines an archiepiscopal see. — 6. Masaccio (d. 1443) shows his designs to a car- dinal; paints in the church del Carmine at Florence. — 7. Perugino (d. 1524), Raphael's teacher. — 8. Predecessors and Contemporaries of Raphael. Signorelli’s Vision of the Last Judgment. — 9. Leon. da Vinci's birth (d. 1519); Leonardo as a teacher and a portrait-painter; his death in the presence of Francis I. of France. — 10. Correggio (d. 1534) among his pupils; allegories. – 11. Venetian School. Dürer visits Bellini; Bellini at Constantinople paints the Sultan and his mistress; Titian paints Emp. Charles V. ; the heads of the School visit Titian. — 12. Michael Angelo (d. 1563). Allegory in allusion to his threefold capacity as painter, sculptor, and architect; he paints the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel; works as a sculptor at night; applies his compasses to the model of the dome of St. Peter's. – 13. Raphael (d. 1520) when a boy in his father's studio 3 enters the School of Perugino ; is introduced to Pope Julius II. ; paints in the Stanze of the Vatican. - W. SERIEs (beginning at the end): 1. Allegories similar to those in the first loggia on the E. – 2. Charles Martel’s victory over the Saracens at Tours (732). Boniface preaches Christianity. Charlemagne surrounded by scholars, bards, and poets. – 3. Emp. Henry, the ‘founder of cities’. The architect Meister Gerhardt delivers the model of Cologne cathedral to Bishop Conrad; relics of the Magi; death of St. Gereon and St. Ursula. — 4. Meister Wilhelm of Cologne (d. 1380). Vision of the Virgin; his death. Influence on the pic- tures of Holbein and other masters. — 5. John (d. 1442) and Hubert (d. 1426) van Eyck: the latter invents oil-painting; teaches his brother and sister; shows Philip the Good of Burgundy his pictures; instructs Anto- 152 Route 28. MUNICH. Wases. nello of Messina in the art of oil-painting. Allusions to their celebrated “Immaculate Lamb'. — John Memling (d. 1499) paints in St. John's Hos- pital at Bruges; his death; vision of the Last Judgment. — 7. Lucas v. Zeyden (d. 1533): drawing on his death-bed. — 8. Hans Holbein (d. 1543): the Virgin appears to him (allusions to his Dresden Madonna); he receives letters of introduction from Erasmus for England; paints Sir Thomas More and his family; introduction to Henry VIII. ; he draws the Dance of Death. – 9. Albert Dürer (d. 1528), pupil of Wohlgemuth ; his friend Pirk- heimer reads to him ; Emp. Maximilian holds the ladder for him ; his ſlattering reception among the painters of Antwerp. — 10. Rembrandt (d. 1669); on the dome Claude Lorrain (d. 1682). — 11. Le Sueur (d. 1655) working at night, among the Carmelites; Nic. Poussin and his School at Rome; protection from envy. — Rubens (d. 1640) at his easel, sprinkled with flowers by the goddess of fortune; at his feet Cupid and Bacchantes. Allusions to the tendency of his pictures; the master in the presence of Marie de' Medici; ambassador in England. GROUND FLOOR of the Pinakothek. On the N. side are the Ca- binet of Engravings (adm. see p.125), upwards of 300,000 in number (Dutch and German well represented), and the Cabinet of Drawings (adm. see p. 125), containing 22,000 by old and modern masters (four by Raphael, ten by Fra Bartolommeo, seal of the academy of Florence by Benvenuto Cellini, with explanation in his own hand- writing, sketches by Rembrandt and Dürer, portraits by Holbein, etc.). Good reproductions (photographs, photo-lithographs, etc.) of rare en- gravings, etchings, and drawings are sold by the attendants in the Cabi- net of Engravings. Prices 25 pf. to 3./. The Cabinet of Wases (adm. see p. 126; catalogue 1.4.), occu- pying five rooms in the W. wing of the ground-floor of the Old Pinakothek, comprises about 1500 specimens, obtained by King Lewis I. from the Candelori (from Vulci), Canino (Etruscan), Dod- well (Greek), Panitteri and Politi (Sicilian), and Lipona (Lower Italian) collections. Director, Dr. von Brunn. I. Room. Centre-table: 2. Woman playing the lyre; 3. Hercules wrest- ling with Antaeus; 7. Theseus carrying off Antiope; 10-41. Drinking cups, mostly inscribed with toasts. Table to the left: 54. The Gorgon pursuing Perseus (archaic); 58, 60. Hercules stealing the Delphic tripod; 65. Achilles killing Troilus at the altar (on the battlements of Troy are Priam, He- cuba, and other figures); 89. Achilles lying in wait for Polyxena, and Troilus behind a fountain; 114. Hercules and Antaeus; 120, 122. Women with pitchers on their heads at a fountain; 123. Zeus, Hermes, Hera, and Aphrodite caricatured; 124. Achilles attacked by Hector, Æneas, and Deiphobus after the death of Troilus (very early). 125. Atalanta and Pe- leus struggling; 134. Hercules vanquishing the Triton; 170. Fight between Theseus and the Minotaur. II. Roomſ. Near the door, fragments of old mural paintings. Table to the right (behind a grating): *Small vase with lid, known as the Dodwell Vase, found at Corinth (on the lid, boar-hunt with names inscribed; on the vase, figures of animals). Table to the left: 299. Triptolemus in the winged chariot. On the small table near, 329. Theseus and Ariadne. III. Room (r.). First table to the right: 331. Peleus overcoming Thetis; 334. Cups with pleasing inscriptions in dialogue; *336. Triptolemus in the winged chariot (vase); 337. Combat between Hercules and the triple- bodied Geryon; 342. Combat between Hercules and Busiris; 343. Medea with the ram practising magic; 345. Gaea delivering Erichthonius to Athene. Second table: * 370. Large cup with raised and gilded ornamen- tation, Achilles slaying Penthesilea ; 376. Boreas carrying off Orithyia; 878. Hector arming himself; 383. Orpheus pursued by a Thracian woman. — Third table: 404. Priam begging the body of Hector. New Pinakothek. MUNICH. 28. Route. 153 IV. Roomſ (left from II. Room). The mine tables round the walls bear nothing of importance. Near the pillars Stand Athenian prize amphorae, the pattern of which was imported into Italy in oil-jars, e.g. 449, 498, 544., with representations of warlike sports. On the windows wire-cages . with specimens of small vessels, some of them of very handsome shape. On the table (No. 10) nearest the entrance: *745. The contest between Ida's and Apollo for Marpessa; 748. Boreas pursuing Orithyia ; *753. (flower- pot or wine-cooler?), Alcaeus and Sappho. Eleventh table (towards the window): 776. Hephæstus intoxicated, surrounded by Bacchantes; 781. Large cooler or mixing-cup 3 on the brim, inside, five sailing-ships. Twelfth table (in a line with No. 10): *805. Scenes from the Argonautic expedition; 807. Peleus pursuing Thetis; *810. Large coloured amphora from Canosa in Apulia: Vengeance of Medea, death of Creusa in the poisoned garment, Medea slays her children and departs in the chariot drawn "by dragons. – Thirteenth table: *849. Large amphora, Orpheus in Hades, companion vase to the beautiful No. 810 and like it found at Canosa. 853. Lycurgus and Dionysus, beautifully ornamented, Apulian. Then drinking utensils representing heads of a woman, griffin, sheep, ram, horse, and deer. V. Roomſ. On table I., left: Old Etrurian utensils in black clay with stamped figures; on table II. some very ancient yellow one with animals. Table IV., right: Plain Cyprian vessels. On table III. : 1035. Large vase with combats between war-chariots. On the floor a large antique mosaic, Gaea, goddess of the earth, surrounded by the seasons, also Helius in the zo- diac, found in the Romagna on the property of the Duke of Leuchtenberg. The *New Pinakothek (Pl. D, 2.; adm. see p. 126; catalogue 1 /.), erected by Voit in 1846–53, contains exclusively Modern Ground Plan of the Upper Floor. North. | • * * * * * * g º ºw THEIHEITFETTTTTT WI V | IV | III | II 1 sº | ||——l –– |-|| 1 || | | In | V | v South. Pictures (in eleven rooms and fourteen cabinets). The frescoes on the exterior, which have suffered from exposure on the W. and S. sides, were executed by Nilson from Kaulbach's designs (see 5th Small saloon, p. 155). In the entrance-hall is the model of Wag- ner's Quadriga on the Siegesthor (p. 133). Near it, to the left, is the entrance to two rooms containing Paintings on Porcelain (adm. see p. 126; catalogue 60 pf.), copies of the best pictures in the Old Pinakothek, and of the gallery of beauties in the Palace. The ground-floor also now contains the Antiquarium (p. 156), in five rooms. I, Rooyſ: “Kaulbach, Portrait of King Lewis I. ; (r.) Bernhard, Portrait of King Maximilian II. ; (1.) Holmberg, Prince Regent Luitpold. Mala- chite vase presented by Emp. Nicholas; porphyry vases from King Charles Jºhn of Sweden. Tables of green granite (erbette antico) and Egyptian gras mite; Vases; of Serpentine, porphyry-breccia, and antique alabaster. 154 Route 28. MUNICH. New Pinakothek, II. Room. *1. C. Piloty, Seni before the corpse of Wallenstein; 3. Jacobs, Wreck; 2. C. Piloty, Thusnelda, in the triumphal procession of Germa- nicus; *169. Andr. Achenbach, Storm at sea ; *5. Anselm Feuerbach, Medea ; 6. Weiss, Storm at sea; 7. Pilghein, Christ bearing the Cross; 8, Albert Keller, Raising of the daughter of Jairus ; 9. Füger, M. Magdalene; 10. Winkler, Mountain-scene by moonlight; 11. Stange, Venice burying its doge ; *12. Schorn, Deluge (unfinished); 13. J. A. Koch, 14. Chr. Reinhart, Historical landscapes. This and the following three rooms also contain (above) cartoons for windows in the cathedral of Cologne and the Auer-Kirche at Munich, by J. A. Fischer. III. Roos. ºtó, Wenglein, Searching for pebbles in the bed of the Isar at Tölz; *17. Brańdt, Cossack horses in a snow-storm; 176. Jacquand, Gipsies in a court of justice; *21. Heffner, Isola Sacra, near Rome; 2 Schorn, Knox disputing with soldiers; 23. A. Zimmermann, Mountain scene; *24, 25. Makart, Gifts of the water and the earth; 29. Coroënne, The Dau- phin taking leave of his mother Marie Antoinette in 1793; W. v. Kaulbach, *31. Destruction of Jerusalem (which suggested the cycle of frescoes in the New Museum at Berlin), 33, 32. The painters Heinlein and Monten at a masked ball in 1840; 30. Flüggen, Antechamber of a prince; B. Adam, 34. Stag-hunt, 35. Goats. IV. Room. 39. P. Hess, Battle of Austerlitz; 40. Kobell, Battle of Hanau ; 43, 44. Heinlein, Mountain landscapes; *45. Wavez, Women of Fondi spinn- ing; *46. H. v. Hess, Last Supper (unfinished); 47. A. Zimmermann, Histor- ical landscape ; Zwengauer, 48. Moor, 49. The Benediktenwand (evening scenes); 50. Gugel, Family piece ; 51. Wichmann, Venetian woman distri- buting fruit; 52, 53. Millner, Kampenwand; Joh. Schraudolph, 56. Mary with Jesus and St. John, 57. St. Agnes; 64. Angelika Kauffmann, Christ and the Samaritan woman; 65. Martin, Boy with dog; 68. Rugendas, Columbus; "69. Ed. Schleich, Scene on the Isar; Joh. Schraudolph, 56. Christ healing the sick, 59. Peter’s draught of fishes. V. Roomſ. 59. H. v. Hess, Apollo and the Muses; 73. Fischer, Entomb- ment: 79. W. v. Schadow, Holy Family; 81. Joh. Schraudolph, Ascension ; P. v. Hess, 88, 89. King Otho entering Nauplia in 1833 and Athens in 1835; *85. Overbeck, Mary and Elizabeth, Jesus and St. John (1825); 72. H. v. Hess, Virgin enthroned; 82. Joh. Schraudolph, Golgotha. VI. Room. *Rottmann, Twenty-three Greek landscapes, encaustic paint- ings admirably lighted from above. We now proceed through the SMALLER Rooms (beginning from the large Room V.). I. On the right: 90-92. Kirchner, Views of Heidelberg Castle ; 93. Riºchner, Palace court at Venice; *94. Böcklin. Among the waves; 95. Elenze, Acropolis of Athens restored; *107. Piltz, Bavarian riflemen at Ba- Zeilles; Bodenmüller, 105. Battle of Wörth, 106. Battle of Sedan; Lenbach, *98. Prince, Bismarck, *97. Pope Leo XIII. ; 99. Overbeck, Italia and Ger- mania; *104. Hoecker, Dutch girl; B. Adam, 102. Cattle-market in the Bavarian Mts., 101. Game; 100. F. Adam, Battle of Orleans; 96. Lenbach, Portrait of Dr. Döllinger; 103. Quaglio, Hohenschwangau. II. To the right: 109. Van der Meer, Dutch winter scene; 111. Leys, Street in a Dutch village; 113. Coignet, Temple of Paestum; 116. A. Adam, Storming the lines of Düppel; 119. F. Adam, Attack near Mars la Tour; 120. H. Lang, Bavarians crossing the Marne by Corbeil; 121. Lichtenheld, Moonlight-scene; 115. Eug. Hess, The Swedish general Wrangel surprised by the enemy while hunting; 118. A. Adam, Battle of Custozza; 125. Steffan, Mountain scene; 126. Weller, Italian peasants; 131. Echtler, Fallen ; 123. Morgenstern, Landscape in Alsace ; 124. Gerhardt, Lion-court in the Alhambra; 117. A. Adam, Battle of Novara; 110. Schönleber, Village in Holland; 129. R. Zimmermann, Potato harvest. III. To the right: 135. G. v. Canal, Old palace-garden; 133. Diday, The Wetterhorn; 136. E. Zimmermann, Adoration of the Shepherds; 140. Will- roider, The Deluge; 141. H. Kaulbach, At a friend's grave; *142. Gabl, Vaccination in the Tyrol; 143. M. Zimmermann, Oak forest; 144. Zügel, Oxen ploughing; 145. Fischbach, Convent park; 146. L. v. Hagn, Concert in a garden; *147. Kurzbauer, Festival in the country; 148. Stademann, New Pinakothek. MUNICH. 28. Route. 155 Winter scene; 138. Loefftz, Body of Christ; 139. Etzdorf, Swedish land- scape; 187. E. Zimmermann, Still-life; 134. Maffei, Turnspits (Dachshunde); 132. Winterhalter, Portrait of Count Jenison-Walworth. IV. To the right: 149. Riedel, Neapolitan fisherman's family; *156. Wilkie, Opening the will; 157. Vermeersch, Harbour scene; 152. Riedel, Nazarena Trombetta; 171. Kirchner, Verona; 174. Fries, Region of the Tiber near Rome; 170. And. Achenbach, Autumn morning in the Pontine marshes; 158, 154. Riedel, Italian women; 20. Böcklin, Pan among the reeds; 156. M. Zimmermann, Forest scene; *173. Voltz, Herd returning home; 177. Gallait, Monk feeding the poor; 468. R. Zimmermann, Winter- scene among the mountains; 180. Verboeckhoven, Sheep-pen; Le Mayeur, Dutch coast; 151. Riedel, Mother and child; 167. R. Zimmermann, Winter scene on the mountains; , 166. Mali, Scene in Verona; *163. Wopfner, Fishing in the Chiemsee ; 161. Schändler, In March; 162. Seidel, Landscape in a storm; 150. Riedel, Judith: 160. Lier, The Theresienwiese at Munich; *158. Ramberg, After dinner; 159. Weher, Magdeburg Cathedral. - Above: Kaulbach, Sketches for the frescoes outside the building (p. 153), representing the artistic activity of King Lewis I. at Rome and Munich , with numerous portraits. To the right: 181. Marcó, Landscape with the Flight into Egypt; 182. Fischbach, The Lattengebirge ; 183. Haus- hofer, The Walchensee; 188, 189. Lange, The Gosau-See, by morning and evening light; Geyer, *190. Concilium medicum, 191. Return from the masked ball; 193. Stange, Ships in the Gulf of Vénice; *192. Defregger, Storming the Red Tower at Munich in 1705; 196-209. Stieler, Schrotzberg, etc., Portraits of the Bavarian royal family; Ainmüller, 185, 184. Interior and Choir of Westminster Abbey; 186. Steinle, The Parzival cycle (water-colours). We now pass through Room I. to the CABINETs (chronologically ar- ranged). - . 1. Cabinet. To the right: 212. Graff, Portrait of Chodowiecky; 213. Edlinger, Count Rumford ; 216. Angelika Kauffmann, King Lewis I. when crown-prince ; Jos. Koch, 223. Italian vintage festival, 224. The Schmadrifall in Switzerland; Catel, 234. Crown-prince Lewis in the Spanish artists’ tavern on the Ripa Grande at Rome, 235. View of Ariccia. 2. Cabinet. *241. Rottmann, Mte. Pellegrino near Palermo ; 244. Catel, Bay of Palermo ; 245. Schilgen, Rape of Helen (after Cornelius); 253. Granet, Savonarola; 254. Koekoek, Sea-piece; 255. Regemorter, Dutch room; 259. Braekeleer, Genre piece; Overbeck, 260. Confirmation, 261. Vit- toria, Caldoni of Albano ; 263. W. v. Kaulbach, King Lewis I. : Quaglio, 264. St. Sebald's at Nuremberg, 264. Orvieto Cathedral; 267. Dillis, Te- gernsee; 269. Weher, The Trausnitz Chapel near Landshut; 274. Heydeck, Lion-gate at Mycenae; 276. Wittmer, St. Catherine borne by angels. 3. Cabinet. To the right: P. v. Hess, 280. The brigand Barbone on his defence, 281. Italian tavern, 282. Greek peasants on the shore; 287. Catel, Garden of the Capuchins at Syracuse : 290. Heydeck, Bridge of Cuenca in Spain; Rottmann, 292. Eibsee, 293. Sicyon, 294. Ischia, 295. Corfu, 296. The Hohe Göll; .299. Stieler, Portrait of Goethe (1828); 395. H. v. Hess, Thorvaldsen; 306. J. Schnorr, Scenes from the Nibelungen. 4. Cabinet. To the right: 312. Rottmann, Near Brannenburg; 315, 316. A. Adam, Horses; 321. Braekeleep, Beggar musician; 326. Schelfhout, Winter scene; 319. Heydeck, Approach to the Acropolis; Rottmann, "313. Taormina with Mt. Etna, 314. Tomb of Archimedes at Syracuse; *329. Schendel, Market place at Antwerp ; 336. Crola, Mill among the mountains; 332. Monten, Napoleon I. ; 317. A. Adam , Marshal Radetzky; 320. F. Adam, French cuirassiers at the burning of Moscow; 339–343. P. v. Hess, Sket- ches for the Greek War of Independence in the Arcades (p. 131). 5. Cabinet. To the right: 345, 346. H. Adam, Views of Munich; *347. M. v. Schwind, A Symphony; 367. Aiwasowsky, Storm at sea; .350. Fried, Blue Grotto at Capri; 351. M. Artaria, Going to church on Christmas Eve; 352. Lichtenheld, Castle-yard with treasure - diggers by moonlight; 353. Kuyck, Stable; 359. Quaglio, Via Malta at Rome; 363. Kirner, Fortune- teller; 364. Gerhardt, St. Mark’s at Venice; 365. W. Schön, Listener; 366. Aiwasowsky, Near St. Petersburg. 6, Cabinet. 369. Löffler, twenty-two Oriental sketches ; 370. A. Robert, 156 Route 28, MUNICH. New Pinakothek. Woman of Procida; 371. H. v. Hess, Peasants on a pilgrimage to Rome; 372. W. de Keyser, Monk at an alms-box; 373. P. v. Hess, Chamois-hunter; 374. Fischbach, The Tennengebirge; 375. Brascassat, Cow; 379. Stange, The tower-window; 380. Becker, Reapers in a storm; *386. Buerkel, Winter scene; 387. Enhuber, Grandfather; 388. Lepoitevin, Adr. Brouwer painting a sign in a tavern; 389. Rhomberg, Bird-dealer; Hasenclever, *390. Jobs undergoing examination, 391. Sulking couple; 892. Morgenstern, Storm at Sea; 393. Knud Baade, Norwegian saga landscape. 7. Cabinet. To the right: 395. Ramberg, The morning prayer; 404. Bayer, Convent hall; 402. Simonsen, Sailor; 403. Ruben, Herdwoman; 404. Frey, Memnon columns, at Thebes; 407. Lucka, Lace-maker; 408. Körner, Baden free-lances in 1849; 409. Birkel, Campagna of Rome; 421. Foltz, The singer's curse. - 8. Cabinet. To the right: 423. Scholz, Officer's widow; 425. Spitzweg, Poor poet; 426. Eberle, Shepherd; 431. Riedel, Karl Rottmann; *433. Camp. hausen, Scene from Cromwell’s time; Birkel, *434. Rain in a mountain village, 435. Roman Campagna; 437. Weher, St. Martin’s at Brunswick; 4. H. v. Hess, Portrait of Marchesa Florenzi; inó. Vermeersch, Canal Grande at Venice. - 9. Cabinet. To the right: And. Achenbach, 451. On the N. Sea, 452. Sea-piece; 453. Bamberger, Gorge at Cuenca in Spain ; Spitzweg, 455. In the attic, 456. Hermits; 457. Bayer, Convent yard; 458, Mor. Müller, Pea- sant’s wedding; 464. Marr, Capuchin on a donkey; 462. B. Adam, Stable; 454. Bamberger, San Geronimo in Castile; 464. Hendrik Schmidt, Dutch Schoolroom; 467. Bosboom, Interior of a church at Amsterdam. ... 10. Cabinet. 473. Ed. Gerhardt, Palace of the Inquisition at Cordova; 174. Stademann. Winter scene: 475. R. S. Zimmermann, At the castle of Schleissheim; 476. Schönfeld, The Metzgerquai at Strassburg; 477. Bischof, First snow ; 478. Scheuchzer, Lake of Zürich; 480. K. Hoff, At the castlé of Würzburg; Rhomberg, 482. The first cigars, 483. Sledge-carver; 484. Weher, Prague Cathedral; 492. Rhoden, Holy Family; 496. Frey, Storm in the desert. - . 11. Cabinet. 499–510. Schleich, "Landscapes; 514. Eug. Adam, On the battle-field; 515. Pfeiffer, Scarecrow. 12. Cabinet. To the right: 127. Gebler, Reineke's end; 517. Holmberg, Scholar; Ans. Feuerbach, 520. Combat of giants, 521. Portrait of himself; De Haas, Kitchen; 522. Gurlitt, At Berchtesgaden: 923. Grützmer. The devii and the Silesian roysterer; 527. Bouveret, Virgin and Child; 528. Weher, Abbey-church at Bebenhausen; 526. Meianer, Auer-Kirche by moonlight. 13. Cabinet. To the right: Olga Wiesinger-Florian, Two flower-pieces; *359. Gab. Maa, Kath. Emmerich; 545. Fink, Winter morning; 518. R. Zim. nermann, Winter scene; Gab. Maa, Ape-critics; Dantan, Potter's work- shop ; 516. Jacobs, Sunrise in the Archipelago. f 14. Cabinet. To the right: 549. Jos. Weiss, Munich in 1885; *554. Benlliure, Month of St. Mary at Valencia; 541. Rottmann, The Barmsee : 544. Wono, Garden scene; 942. Mauve, Cows pasturing; 555. Squindo, Thé royal family brought back to Paris in 1789; 540. Bauernfeind, Ruined temple at Baalbek; 543. Kowalski, The minister v. Lutz chamois-hunting. Antiquarium. (Catalogue 50 pf.) I. Room. Cork models of the Pantheon and the temples of Vesta at Rome and Tivoli. Ancient terracottas. *390. Draped female figures from an Attic grave with well-preserved painting. *475. Perforated glass goblet from a tomb at Cologne. 486. Hermes and La- tona, an archaic relief. W. wall: 338, 339. Early Italian frieze. — II. Room. Models in cork of the Arch of Constantine, etc. A variety of small antiqui- ties in the cabinets on the walls. – III. Roomſ. Cork and plaster models (Co- losseum, etc.). In the round cabinet, gold and silver trinkets. 3rd Section : *Gold wreath from a coffin at Armento (S. Italy). In the cabinets on the walls, bronze implements. – IV. Room. 1st Table: Small bronzes; *355. Venus loosening her sandal; *357. Discobolus, after Myron. 2nd Table: Silver and bronze utensils. – Long wall of entrance: Modern bronze sta- tuettes; ancient and mediaeval weapons. – EGYPTIAN Room (to the left of Room I.). Egyptian collection: sarcophagi, mummies, cippi, etc. Glyptothek. MUNICH. 28. Route. 157 At No. 78 Theresien-Strasse, behind the New Pinakothek, is a *Panorama of Naples with its gulf and Mount Vesuvius, by Phil. Fleischer (adm. 1.4., see p. 126). - In the Arcis-Strasse, near the New Pinakothek, lies the new Northern Cemetery (Pl. D, 1; p. 166). Opposite the W. side of the Old Pinakothek rises the new Polytechnic School (Pl. D, 2), a hand- some brick edifice in the Italian Renaissance style, with ornamen- tation in granite and sandstone, by Neureuther (d. 1887). The cor- nice is adorned with seventy-two medallion portraits of celebrated architects, mathematicians, and naturalists. *Staircase worthy of inspection. The valuable technical collections are shown during the vacations only, and occasionally on Sundays (apply to the custodian, ground-floor). — In the neighbouring Luisen-Strasse is the Art- Industrial School. The *Glyptothek (Pl. C, D, 2, 3; adm. see p. 126), or ‘Repo- sitory of Sculptures’, contains ancient sculptures collected chiefly by Lewis I, when crown-prince, in 1805–16. The building, erected by Klenze in 1816–30, is externally in the Ionic style, with a porch of eight columns; the interior is vaulted, and tends to the Roman style. The group in the tympanum, designed by Wagner, and executed by Schwanthaler and others in marble, represents Minerva as pro- tectress of the plastic art. The thirteen halls are lighted from the quadrangle in the centre. The niches in front and on the sides con- tain marble statues of famous sculptors. Director Prof. Dr. Brunn. Catalogue 2 /. - ... I. Assyrian Hall. At the entrance, two colossal lions with human heads, casts of the originals from the palace of Sardanapalus III. in the Louvre. "In the hall, seven reliefs in alabaster from Kalah, afterwards Larissa, in Assyria, with winged genii, etc., and cuneiform inscriptions. II. Egyptian Hall. 5, 6. Statues of priests in black marble, of a late period; 7,8. Recumbent sphynxes, in basalt, of Roman workmanship ; 13. Statue of Ra, the god of the Sun, with the head of a hawk, early Egyptian; 14. Portrait-statue of a man; 15. Antinous, in rosso antico, of Hadrian's time; 16. and 24. Groups of husband, and wife in a sitting posture, in sandstone, the former with traces of painting; 17. Isis, and 23. Horus, of a late period; 25. Quadruple head of Brahma; 29. Head of Buddha (spe- cimens of Indian art from Java); 30. Sitting statue of a high priest, early Egyptian; 31. (in the centre) Obelisk in syenite, of Roman origin. III. Hall of the Incunabula (Greek and Etruscan art, ‘in cunabulis”, i.e. ‘in its cradle', and copies). , 32, 33. Reliefs in bronze from an ancient Etruscan chariot from Perugia, ; 44. Triangular base of a candelabrum from Perugia, very ancient, embossed and rivetted; *41. Apollo of Tenea, arch- aic, found at the foot of Acro-Corinth ; 43. Fortuna, in imitation of the archaic style, of Hadrian's time; 45. Spes, Roman, a similar work; 47, 48. Etruscan cinerary urns; 49. Head of a youth, a copy in marble of a bronze original (?); 50. Bearded Bacchus, archaic style; 32-38. Reliefs in bronze from an ancient Etruscan chariot found at Perugia. IV. */Eginetan Hall: Sculptures in marble from a Temple of Minerva in the island of Ægina, found in 1811, and of great importance in the history of art. They consist of two pediment groups from the temple erected by the AEginetans after the Persian wars, and commemorate the exploits of their heroes, (4) Telamon and (2) Ajax and Teucer, his sons, in the war against the Trojans. The first group (E. pediment) consists now of five figures only; the other (W. pediment) is complete, consisting of ten 158 Route 28. MUNICEI. - Glyptothek. figures, restored by Thorvaldsen. The figures are squat in form, with mask-like heads and open mouths. A Small model of the temple on the wall above affords a "convenient survey of the left group. Group On the right: Telamon and Hercules fighting over the body of Oicles against Lao- medon, the perjured king of Troy. 54. Hercules, 55. Dying Trojan, 56. Champion of the Trojans, 57. Fallen warrior, 58. Youth stooping forwards. Group on the left: Greeks fighting against the Trojans around the body of Patroclus (or Achilles 2). 59. Minerva, 60. Achilles, 61. Ajax Telamo- nius, 62. Teucer, 63. Greek combatant (son of Ajax Oileus?), 64. Wounded Greek, 65. AEneas, 66. Paris, 67. Trojan kneeling, 68. Wounded Trojan. By the walls are smaller fragments. . V. Hall of Apollo. *79. Ceres; 80. Bearded Bacchus ; 81. Jupiter Ammon ; 82. Rhodian vase; 83. Head of an athlete; 86. Minerva; 87. Draped female statue (Roman portrait-figure) ; 88. Attic cinerary urn, with relief; *89. Girl’s head; *90. Apollo North. Citharoedus; 91. Head of Mars (or Achilles?); 92. VII. VIII. small | Ix. x. Pallas, Rºman copy ºf a Hall of Hall of Ves- Trojan Hall of bronze original; 93. Sta- Niobe. I Gods. i ti e e e tue of Diana, Roman. sº € | OGS | ibule | Hall. I Heroes vi. Høji'o%º: - - tºº In the centre: *95. Sleep- º f ing satyr, the ‘Barberini B 3, i. Faun';*96. Eirene and Plu- a,CCIlúS tuS ‘....",* Ino gºº --> - Leucothea): . Apollo 3 V. XI. 98. silenus, copy from a Ball of COURT. Roman Greek original in bronze : Apollo. - Hall. *99. Head of a laughing gºgº -Cº - satyr; 100. º IV. Sarcophagus; upon it, 101. Afginet. sitting satyr, Rºmanºopy Hall. ºr. of a §. work in mar- tº- e ble; *102. Young Pan with -T-km- horns, known as “Win- III. | II. y€S- XIII. lc㺠ckelmann's Faun”; 103. Hall of Egyptiani tibule. I Modern º - “… , , , I b.I Hall | lºw k Sculp- Bacchus anointing him- #111CUIIla, : all Or s: Ulreş. self; 104. Venus, Roman ; South. *105, 106. Satyrs; 107. Young athlete; 108. Bac- chus, late-Roman; 109. - - Young Satyr; 411. Boy on a dolphin ; 112. Ariadne *113. Diana, restored by Thorvaldsen as Ceres; *114. Silenus with the young Bacchus. By the wall to the left, 115. Nuptials of Neptune and Amphitrite, a Greek relief from the workshop of Scopas. VII. Hall of the Children of Wiobe. 123. Mercury; 124, 129. Busts of Roma and Minerva with bronze helmet; 125. Female figure in relief (Ro- man); 126. Isis and Harpocrates, late Roman; *128. Head of Medusa (“Me- dusa Rondanini") ; 130. Venus ; *131. Venus of Cnidos, after Praxiteles; 136. Decking of a statue, a relief; 138. Clio, admirably draped. In the centre, 140. Boy struggling with a goose; 141. Dying child of Niobe; *142. Torso of a child of Niobe (Iliomeus), an admirable Greek original. VIII. Hall of the Gods. This and the next two rooms are adorned with beautiful “Frescoes by Cornelius, executed in 1820-30. The prin- cipal scenes are: 1. The infernal regions, Orpheus entreating Pluto and Proserpine to restore him his wife Eurydice; 2. Marriage of Neptune and Amphitrite; Arion; Thetis; 3. Olympus; Jupiter and Juno ; Hercules receives the cup of nectar from Hebe ; Ganymede and the eagle. Over the doors reliefs by Schwanthaler. — Small Vestibule. Minerva imparts a soul to the man formed by Prometheus; Prometheus released by Hercules; Pandora opens her casket. IX. Hall of the Trojans. Frescoes: 1. Quarrel of Achilles and Aga- memnon about the abduction of Briseis; 2. CC ntest for the body of Pa- Glyptothek. MUNICH. 28. Route. 159 troclus; 3. Destruction of Troy, with Priam, Hecuba, Cassandra, AEneas, and Anchises. X. Hall of the Heroes. On the left: 150, 152. Portrait-heads; 153. Ale- xander the Great; 154. Hannibal (?); 155. Hippocrates (?) ; 156. Commodus as a hunter; 157. Pericles; 158. Domitian ; 160. Statue of a Greek king; 161. Xenophon (?); 162. Diomedes, after a Greek original in bronze; 163. Zeno (?); 165. Athlete; *466. Socrates; 149. Demosthenes; * 151. (in the cen- tre) Mercury. XI. Hall of the Romans. By the doors: 167–170. Four Caryatides, Roman ; (1.) 175. Statue of the elder Agrippina. Busts: 178. Germanicus, 181. Nero, 183. Augustus, 186. Vespasian, 193. Marcus Aurelius, 198. Antoninus Pius, 199. Titus, *216. Cicero, 217. L. AElius Caesar, 219. Augustus, 231. Irucius Verus, 236. Tiberius, 238. Vitellius (?), 245. Pertinax, 255. Commodus, 256. Antinous, 257. Lucius Verus, 260. Galba, 265. Sabina, wife of Hadrian, 266. Scipio Africanus, 268. Trajan, 272. Seneca, 282. Pescennius Niger. On the left; 188. Sarcophagus with the Muses, Athena, and Apollo; 192. Sep- timius Severus, a statue; 205. Sarcophagus with the children of Niobe ; 206. Reliefs from a frieze, Victories sacrificing; 209. Augustus, 226. Livia, wife of Augustus, 233. Matidia, niece of Trajan, in the character of Ceres (statuette), 249. Domitian, 264. Tiberius, 280. Lucilla (?), wife of Lucius Verus, as Ceres. In the centre: 285 Boy with a goose, on a stand; 286, 287. Candelabra, 288. Ornamental vase, with head of Medusa. Under the wind- OWS : 36,362. 277. Pulvinaria (seats of the gods), with appropriate attributes. XII. Hall of the Coloured Sculptures. In the centre, 293. Antique mosaic; upon it, 294, Tripod, bearing (295.) a modèrm statuette of Silenus in bronze. (I.) 298. Ceres (?), in black and white marble, freely restored; 299. Head of a satyr, an admirable bronze; 300. River-god, in black marble; 802. Head of an athlete, a fine bronze; 303. Athlete, in black marble; 304. Girl looseming her robe, statuette in black and white marble, a good Roman work; 306. Alexander (?); 309. Young Faun, in marble; 310. Bust of a young Roman; 313. Claudius; 314. Draped female statue, in bronze. XIII. Hall of Modern Masters. In the centre, *336. Adonis, by Thor- valdsen. (l.) *318. Paris, by Canova; 319. Sandal-binder, R. Schadow; 320. Napoleon, bust by Spalla (1808); 321. Lewis I. when crown-prince (1821), bust by Thorvaldsen; 322. Paris, Canova; 323. Cupid and Muse, Eberhard; 324. The Russian Marshal Münnich, Eberhard; 325. Infant Christ kneeling, Algardi; *326. Admiral Van Tromp, bust by Rauch; 827. Barbarossa, bust by Tieck; 328. Raphael (?), a bust in terracotta (16th cent.); 329. Iffland, bust by G. Schadow; 330. Elector Palatine Frederick the Victorious, bust by Dannecker; 331. General von Heydeck, bust by Wolf; 332. Count Stolberg, bust by Freund; 333. Vittoria Caldoni, “the beauty of Albano”, bust by R. Schadow; 334. Catharine II. of Russia, bust by Busch; 335. Vesta, statue by Tenerani. The Exhibition Building (Pl. C., 3), opposite the Glyptothek, in the Corinthian style, was completed by Ziebland in 1845. In the tympanum is Bavaria, bestowing wreaths on artists, by Schwan- thaler. It contains a permanent exhibition of works by Munich ar- tists (p. 125), most of which are for sale. The handsome Platz is appropriately terminated by the *Propylaea (Pl. C., 3), a magnificent gateway, with Doric columns outside, and Ionic inside, designed by Klenze, and completed in 1862. The re- liefs by Schefsky represent scenes from the Greek War of Indepen- dence and the régime of King Otho. On the inner walls are inscribed the names of the heroes of the war and of famous philhellenists. – On the day after its inauguration (30th Oct. 1862) the ex-monarch of Greece (d. 1867) returned to his native city. Count *Schack's Picture Gallery, Aeussere Brienner-Str. 19 (Pl. C, 3; adm., see p. 126; catalogue 2.4. ; fee 1/2-1.4.), consists 160 Route 28. MUNICH. Schack's Collection. of choice modern works, and of admirable copies of the great We- netian and Spanish masters by Lenbach and others. It forms a valuable complement to the New Pinakothek, as it includes several artists not there represented. Opposite the entrance: * 123. Lenbach, Portrait of Count Schack. SECTION I., to the left: 92. Rahl, Portrait; 191. Köbel, Egeria's grotto, near Rome; 270. Waue, The Pleiades; 212. Maa Schmidt, View of Smyrna from the Caravan bridge; 79. Bode, Mother and child; 199. Böheim, Two satyrs pursuing a hare; 190. Böcklin, The sacred grove ; 127. Marshall, Tartini's dream ; 145. Morgenstern, Villafranca near Nice; 68. Bode, Alpine bride; 16. Böcklin, Ideal landscape; *7. Führich, Introduction of Christianity into ancient Germany; 13. Schleich. The Starnberger See; 5. Führich, Death of St. John Nepomuk; 249. Bode, Birthday of Charlemagne; 194. Kraus, Minnesinger; 148. Julius Schnorr, The Erlking; *1. Cornelius, Flight into Egypt (of his early Roman period); 71. Bamberger, Toledo; 75. Rott- mann, The Hintersee near Berchtesgaden. — SECTION II. Copies from Titian, Palma Vecchio, Bellini, and other masters. — SECTION III. Spitzweg, 72. The farewell, 73. Turkish café, 111. Serenade, 112. Hypochondriac; Rott- mann, 67. Greek landscape, 99. Mountain-lake; 188. Gerhard, The Alhambra by moonlight; 29. Weureuther, Cornelius-festival; 35. Kirchner, Verona; *104. A. Feuerbach, Hafiz at the fountain ; 34. A. Zimmermann, Lake of Como ; *30. Weureuther, Reminiscence of the Villa Mills; 64. Werner, Interior of a church; 70. Gephard, Palazzo Vendramin by night; 66. Gerhard, Palazzo •Moro at Venice; 49. Feuerbach, Madonna and Child; 57. Zwengauer, The Kochelsee; 129. Lenbach, Study of a head. — SECTION IV. 81. Spitzweg, Hermit; 18. Gerhard, Lion Court at the Alhambra; 51. Stange, Piazza in Venice by moonlight; 244. Siderowicz, Night-scene; 146. Catel, Taormina; 37. Airchner, Piazza o St. Mark; Rahl, £33, oid man, 187. Study of a female head; 105. Feuerbach, Mother and children at a well; *36. Bamberger, Gibraltar; 58. Millner, The Gosau-See: 84. Rahl, Portrait of Willers, the landscape-painter; Bamberger, *204. Bridge at Toledo; 205. Scene near Granada; 24. Steinle, Watchman. — SECTION V. (lighted from the roof). Copies from Titian, Michael Angelo, Giorgione, G. Bellini, Sebastian del Piombo, Paris Bordone, Paolo Veronese, and Tintoretto. — WALL facing the cabinets Or sections, beginning opposite Section V.: 44. Steinle, Violin-player; 69. Bamberger, Lake of Albufera near Valencia; 33. Weureuther, Madonna; 41. Zimmermann, Win- ter-scene by night; 113. Fries, Scene in the Sabine Mts. ; 62. Neureuther, Scene from ‘Hermann and Dorothea'; 77. Rottmann, The fountain Cal- lirrhoë near Athens ; 8. Wislicenſus, Fancy borne by the Dreams; 19. Morgen- stern, Beach in Heligoland; 114. Fries, Scene at Palermo; 132. Willers, Athens; 26. L. v. Klenze, Interior of the Palazzo Ruffalo at Ravello; *150. H. Hess, Thorvaldsen; 12. A. Zimmermann, Golgotha at the time of the Crucifixion; 47. Larson, The midnight-sun in Norway; 87. Feuerbach, Roman woman; 266. Wolf, Venetian banquet; 86. Feuerbach, Children bathing; 156. Rottmann, Greek coast; 193. Schweinfurt, Italian landscape; 55. Schleich, Venetian scene; 31. Weureuther, Nun (from Uhland); 40. Henneberg, The Wild Huntsman; 27. Ludwig, Forest scene; 91. Schleich, Alp in the Zillerthal; 38. Ross, Egeria's grotto, near Rome; 28. Feuerbach, Francesca da Rimini and Paolo; *195. Dreber, Sappho on the sea-shore; 88. Muhr, Gypsies; 32. Neureuther, Dream of Rezia (from Wieland’s “Oberon'); 141. Feuerbach, Idyl from Tivoli; 65. Bamberger, Evening glow in the Sierra Nevada; 39. Millner, The Obersee; 56. Stange, The evening-bell; 221. Aylander, Dutsch landscape; 213. Stademann, Winter scene. — On the 'staircase: 243. M. v. Beckerath, Burial of Alaric, King of the Goths, in the river BuSento. First Floor. , Room I. Left: M. v. Schwind, 21, 166, 22. Scenes from fairy-tales; 162–165. Morning, Noon, Evening, Night; 23. Hero and Leander; 173, 25. Hermits. – Roomſ II. M. v. Schwind: 130. Forest-chapel 176. Cavalier in a wood; 172. The Danube; 78. The captive's dream; 178. The return home; 179. Wedding-trip; 158. Duel by night; 167. Youth in a wood; 181. Morning-prayer; 174. Crusader's return; 170, 161, 60, 169, 160, Basilica. MUNICEI. 28. Route. 161 157, 468, 175, 110, 159, 171, 177. Scenes from fairy-tales. – R. III. Copies by Lenbach, from Titian, Murillo, Velazquez, etc. : Lenbach, 242. Count Schack, 120. Portrait of himself. – R. IV. Copies. Then, on the left, 76. Genelli, Abraham receiving the promise of a son ; 6. Schwind, Return of Count Gleichen from the Crusades; *189. Böcklin, Ideal landscape, with the journey to Emmaus; Lenbach, 48. Shepherd-boy, 128. Portrait, 218. The Tocador de la Reina at the Alhambra, 122. A Franciscam ; Böcklin, 117. Villa on the sea-shore, 90. Old Roman tavern; 83. Feuerbach, Nymph listening to boys performing music; Böcklin, 52. Shepherdess, 210. Ideal landscape, *82. Villa on the sea, *116. The shepherd's complaint, 234. Nereid; 43. Marées, Watering horses; 256. Neubert, Olevano ; 103. A. Zimmermann, Brocken scene from “Faust’; *115. Lindenschmitt, The fisherman (Goethe). On the wall to the right; 126. Hagm, The Villa Colonna at Rome; *100. C. Piloty, Columbus; 139. Hagn, Italian garden; Böcklin, 215. Autumn- landscape, 219. Italian villa in Spring, 14. Pan frightening a shepherd; 9. Feuerbach, Laura at mass at Avignon, watched by Petrarch ; 209. Böcklin, Murderer pursued by the furies ; 274. A. Wolf, Lovers; A. Feuer- bach, 85. Decamerone, *10. Pietà ; 238. Willers, Grave at Aricia; 89. Ger- hard, View at Granada; 17. Böcklin, Hermit; 50. Genelli, Ezekiel's vision ; 53. Neureuther, Reminiscence of Villa Malta at Rome; 109. Steinle, Lorelei (first study for No. 11, see below); 217. Lenbach, The Vega of Granada; 211. Böcklin, The dragon’s cave. — R. V. On the left: 42. Preller, Fare- well of Calypso; 138. Genelli, Bacchus and the Muses; *2. Genelli, Hercules at the court of Omphale; 20. Preller, Leucothea; 131. Steinle, Adam and Eve; Genelli, *102. Composition for the curtain of a theatre, *3. Rape of Europa, *4. Lycurgus fighting with Bacchus and Bacchantes; 14. Steinle, Lorelei. The Bronze Foundry (PI. B., 1; adm. see p. 125), in the Erz– giesserei- Str., Maximilian-suburb , enjoys a high reputation. It was founded by Stiglimayer (d. 1844), and now belongs to his nephew Ferd. v. Miller. The Museum contains the original models of all the statues cast here, with the exception of the Germania on the Niederwald–Monument. Farther to the N.W., on the road to Dachau, is the Zeughaus or Royal Arsenal, with the Military Museum (arms, banners, uni- forms, etc.; 15-19th cent. ; adm., see p. 125; catalogue 80 pf.). In front of the building are 22 cannons and 4 mortars, several of them with elaborate ornamentation. The *Basilica of St. Boniface (PI. C., 3), an admirable imitation of an Italian basilica of the 5th or 6th cent., designed by Ziebland, was completed in 1850. Nave 75 ft., four aisles 44 ft. in height. The sixty-six columns are monoliths of grey Tyrolese marble with bases and capitals of white marble. Open timber roof, richly gilded. On the right of the entrance is a sarcophagus of gray marble, the burial - place of Lewis I. (d. 1868) and his queen Theresa (d. 1854). The choir, the side-altars, the spaces between the windows, and the walls of the nave are decorated with fine frescoes by H. v. Hess and his pupils Schraw- dolph and Koch : scenes from the life of St. Boniface and Bavarian saints. Above the columns in the nave, between the arches, are thirty-four me- dallion-portraits of the popes from Julius III. to Gregory XVI. Adjoining the choir of the church is a Benedictine monastery, with a fresco of the *Holy Eucharist, by H. v. Hess, in the refectory. The Botanic Garden (P1. C, 3, 4; adm. see p. 125), opposite the Basilica, contains a large fresh-water aquarium (Victoria Regia, etc.), a palm-house, botanical museum, etc. — In the Sophien-Str., is the Crystal Palace (Pl. C, 4; 256 yds. long; central part 75 ft. high), erected in 1854, used for exhibitions and festivities. (Annual BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. 11, 12 162 Route 28. MUNICH. Rathhaus. Eachibition of Art, see p. 125.) The Sophien-Str. leads hence to the left to the railway - station, and to the right to the Maximilians- Platz and Karls-Platz. The Marien-Platz (PI. E, 5), the centre of old Munich, is adorned with the Column of St. Mary, erected in 1638 by Elector Maxi- milian I. from a design by Peter Candid, to commemorate the vic- tory on the Weisse Berg (p. 293). Enthroned on the column is the Virgin, the tutelary saint of Bavaria; four genii at the corners contend against a viper, a basilisk, a lion, and a dragon (plague, war, famine, and heresy). - The Old Rathhaus (PI. E, 5) on the E. side of the Platz was restored in 1865. The tower, under which runs the road to the Thal (p. 465), is adorned with stereochromatic paintings by Seitz. The gables in front bear zinc statues of Henry the Lion and Lewis the Bavarian. The great hall contains Schwanthaler's models of the statues in the Festsaalbau (p. 129). — On the N. side of the Platz is the “New Rathhaus (Pl. 85), a Gothic edifice by Hawberrisser. The façade towards the Marien-Platz is 52 yds., that towards the Diener-Strasse 77 yds. long. The central part of the former, in sandstone, 19 yds. wide, has a balcony in three sections on the second story, terminating in a lofty gable, and embellished with statues of the four Civic Virtues by A. Hess. Below the portal, to the left, are two tablets, with handsome bronze trophies, in memory of citizens who fell in the war of 1870-71. On the second floor are the Halls, on the left that of the town-council, on the right that of the magistrates (adm. see p. 126). In the former, filling the whole wall, is a large allegorical painting of ‘Munichia” by C. Piłoty, illustrating the history of Munich (explanation of the portraits on the table); also portraits of Lewis II., by F. Piloty and Prince Regent Luit- pold by Kaulbach. The “Magistrates' Hall is adorned with a mural paint- ing by Lindenschmit (progress of Munich under Lewis I.) and admirable stained-glass windows by R. Seitz (nine departments of civic administra- tion). Portraits of Prince Regent Luitpold by Holmberg and Lewis II. by Lenbach. Splendid carved timber ceiling; fine mantelpiece and chandelier. To the left of the portal is the Hauptwache or guard-house. In the sunk-floor (entrance in the Diener-Str.) is the Rathskeller (p. 122). In front of the Rathhaus rises the *Fischbrunnen, in bronze, by Knoll. The figures allude to an old Munich custom called the ‘Metzgersprung’. ,’ A few yards S. E. of the Marien-Platz is the Church of St. Peter (Pl. E. 5), of 1170, the oldest in Munich, but repeatedly restored. To the original building belongs the Romanesque tower (p. 126; fine view from the gallery). Altar-pieces by Sandrart, Loth, etc.; fine Organ. - - - The Kaufinger-Str. and Neuhauser-Str. lead from the Marien-Platz to the Karlsthor. To the right is the Frauen-Platz, with the – *Frauenkirche (P1, E, 5), or Church of Our Lady, cathedral of the Archbishopric of Munich and Freising, a brick edifice (107 yds. long, 39 yds, broad; vaulting 108 ft. high) in the late-Gothic style, erected in 1468–88. The two uncompleted towers, 318 ft. high, are Frauenkircle. MUNICH. 28. Route. 163 covered with clumsy helmet-shaped roofs (ascent, see p. 126). On the outside walls of the church are many ancient tombstones. INTERIOR. The nave and aisles are of equal height, borne by twenty- two slender octagonal pillars; rich groined vaulting; high altar-piece with the Coronation of Mary, in carved wood, by Knabl, and paintings on the wings by Schwind. The archiepiscopal throne and pulpit, a modern con- tinuation of the ancient choir-stalls, are by Knabl. Most of the modern side-altars are by Sickinger. In the nave is the *Monument of Emp. Lewis the Bavarian (d. 1347), erected in 1625 by Elector Maximilian I. (designed by P. Candid, cast by H. Krumper), a catafalque in dark marble, with figures and decorations in bronze; four knights at the corners guard the tomb; at the side are statues of the Wittelsbach princes Albert V. and Wil- liam V. ; an admirable brass of the 15th cent. is inserted in the pedestal, which is open at the sides. The figures over the stalls were carved in the 15th cent. (12 Prophets and 12 Apostles). The large Turkish flag on a pillar of the nave (I.) was captured by Elector Max Emanuel at Belgrade in 1688. Under the organ, close to a relief-monument of Bishop Gebsattel (d. 1846) by Schwanthaler, is a spot from which none of the thirty windows of the church are visible except the great window behind the altar. . The Promenaden-Platz (Pl. D, E, 4), a little to the N. of the cathedral, is adorned with five statues. In the centre Elector Maa. Emanuel (d. 1726; Pl. 18), ‘the conqueror of Belgrade'; to the right the historian Westenrieder (d. 1829) and the composer Gluck (d. 1787); to the left the Bavarian Minister Kreittmayr (d. 1790), and the composer Orlando di Lasso (d. 1590), properly Roland de Lattre, a Fleming. Gluck's monument is by Brugger, Kreittmayr's by Schwan- thaler; the others are by Widnmann. From this Platz we return by the Weite Gasse to the Neuhauser-Str., at the corner of which rises the – - . Church of St. Michael (Hofkirche; Pl. D, 5), formerly a church of the Jesuits, erected in 1583 in the Roman Renaissance style, with grand barrel-vaulting. The front is adorned with a St. Michael in bronze, by Hub. Gerhard. The transept contains the *Monument of Eugène Beauharnais (d. 1824), Duke of Leuchtenberg, and once vice-king of Italy, by Thorvaldsen. In the royal burial-vault under the choir reposes Lewis II. (d. 1886). Church-music, see p. 125. The old Jesuits' College, adjoining St. Michael's, contains the Academy of Science (Pl. D, 5), with its valuable collections (adm. see p. 125). The *Palaeontological Collection, under the direction of Prof. Dr. Zittel, is probably the most complete in Europe; the specimens from the animal kingdom are arranged zoologically, those of plants geologically. The Collection of Minerals also deserves inspection. The Geognostic Cabinet and the Zoological - Zootomical Collection have recently been extended. The Collection of Physical and Optical Instruments is interesting, especially to the scientific. Of ancient Greek coins alone the Cabinet of Coins contains 20,000. The Academy also contains an Exhibition of Bavarian Eaſports (free). At the end of the Neuhauser-Strasse is the Karlsthor (Pl. D, 5). Outside the gate is the Karls-Platz; on the right side is the Hôtel Bellevue (p. 121), embellished with frescoes by C. Schraudolph. 44 & 164 Route 28. MUNICH. Schwanthaler-Mus. Farther N., at the corner of the Maximilians-Platz, is a Statue of Goethe, by Widnmann (1869). Botanic Garden, see p. 161. On the S. side of the Dult (or Maximilians) Platz rises the Herzog-Maa- Burg (PI. D, 4), erected by Duke William W. in 1579, now occupied by government offices and a military academy. Opposite is the handsome new Synagogue, in the Romanesque style (adm. see p. 126). Near it, Pfandhaus-Str. 7, is the Kunstgewerbehaus (Art Industrial Institute; Pl. D, 4; adm. see p. 126), in the Re- naissance style, with grand exhibition and assembly halls. Farther N., Pranner-Str. 20, is the Landtagsgebäude (PI. E. 4), restored in 1885 in the German Renaissance style. — In the gardens which adorn the Maximilians-Platz rises the *Statue of Liebig (1803– 1873), by Wagmüller and Rümann, a sitting figure of the great chemist, in marble, on a pedestal of grey granite, enriched with marble reliefs and laurel-wreaths. - - From the Karls-Platz the broad Sonnen-Strasse, planted with trees, runs S. to the Sendlinger Thor. At the beginning of it is the Prot. Church of St. Matthew (Pl. C, 5), open only on Sundays during service (at 8, 10, and 3). The ceiling is adorned with an Ascension by Hermann of Dresden. (There is another Protestant church in the Gabelsberger-Strasse, Pl. E, 3.) - - . The Schwanthaler Museum (PI.C,5; adm. see p.126), Schwan- thaler-Str. 90, contains models of almost all the works of the talented and prolific sculptor Ludwig v. Schwanthaler (d. 1848), bequeathed by him to the Academy of Art. . r No. 16 Sonnen-Strasse is the Frauenklinik or Gynaecological In- stitute (PI. C., 6) of the university. The Sendlinger-Thor-Platz (PI. C, 6) is adorned with a colossal bust of Alois Senefelder, the in- ventor of lithography, by Zumbusch (1866). To the W., beyond the Sendlinger Thor, are the large General Hospital (1813), and to the N. the Pathological Institute, the Anatomy Building, containing important anatomical and physiological collections (adm., see p. 125), and the Hygienic and Physiological Institutes. A little to the W., Goethe-Str. 45, is a *Panorama of the Battle of Wörth by Faber du Faur (1 .4.), with a diorama of the Emp. William's death, by Simm (50 pf.). To the S. are the Cemeteries (p. 165). Near the S. Railway Station are the municipal Slaughter House and Cattle Market (P1. B, C, 8; adm. p. 126), erected by Zenetti in 1876–78. — The busy Sendlinger-Strasse leads back from the Send- linger Thor to the Marien-Platz. . - - Towards the E. from the Marien-Platz (p. 162) we pass through an archway under the tower of the Old Rathhaus (p. 162), and enter the broad street called the Thal. On the right, at the beginning of it, rises the Church of the Holy Ghost, beyond which lies the Victual Market (P1. E, 5, 6). Beyond the latter is the spacious Corn Hall (Getreidehalle, or Schramme; Pl. D, E, 6), built in 1853. In the Heumarkt, between the Corn Hall and the Sendlinger-Str., is the Mariahilfkirche. MUNICH. 28. Route. 165 Landwehr Arsenal, containing the Maillinger Art-Historical Collec- tion, illustrative of the history of Munich (adm., see p. 126). At the E. end of the Thal is the mediaeval *Isarthor (PI. F., 6), restored by Lewis I. in 1835. The pediment is adorned with a ‘mineral-painting', by Paul Wagner and Boos (1881), after a fresco by Neher, formerly here : the Entry of Emp. Lewis the Bavarian after the Battle of Ampfing. In the Zweibrücken-Str., beyond the gate, on the right, is the Neue Isar-Kaserne, on the bank of the Isar. Opposite, on the old Isar Bridge, is an inscription as to the source and course of the Isar. An adjoining inscription commemorates the “Red Tower’, stormed in 1705 by the loyal peasants of Upper Bavaria, and destroyed by Prince Condé in 1796. On the island, to the right, is the Alte Isar-Kaserne. The Ludwigs-Brücke (P1. G., 6, 7), farther on, affords a good survey of the Maximilians-Brücke and the Maximilianeum. In the suburb of Au (P1. F, G, 7, 8) are the Franziskaner- keller (p. 124), the Münchner Kindlkeller, Bürgerliche Bräuhaus- keller, Zacherlkeller (p. 124) and others. The*Mariahilfkirche (Pl. F, 8), or Auer-Kirche, was erected in 1830–39 by Ohlmüller and Ziebland in the earliest Gothic style. Tower 260 ft. high. *Stained glass designed by Schraudolph, Fischer, and others. — Farther to the S., in the suburb of Giesing, is the new *Giesinger Kirche, a Gothic building erected by Dollmann in 1866-84. From the Auer Kirche we return into the town by the Reichen- bach Bridge (PI. E., 8). In the Gärtner-Platz (PI. E, 6, 7), with statues of Gärtner and Klenze (p. 128), the chief architects of modern Munich, is the Gärtner-Platz. Theatre (p. 124). The *Bavaria and Hall of Fame (Ruhmeshalle; Pl. A, 7) lie 11/4 M. to the S.W. of the Karlsthor, at the end of the Theresien- wiese. The colossal statue of Bavaria, in bronze, designed by Schwan- thaler, measures 62 ft. to the top of the wreath which the figure holds aloft. Ascent by an iron spiral staircase of sixty steps. *View in clear weather through apertures in the head (room for 5 persons). The Hall of Fame, a Doric colonnade with projecting wings, designed by Klenze, and completed in 1853, contains busts of eighty Bavarian notabilities, among them Francis v. Sickingen, Jean Paul Richter, Schwanthaler, the philosopher Schelling, Klenze, Cornelius, etc. (custodian's fee for the statue and the hall, 40 pf.). Adjoining the Ruhmeshalle is a public Park. Near it, on the Theresienhöhe, is a Panorama of battles in the German colonies of S. Africa (adm. see p. 126). The *Southern Cemetery (Pl. C, D, 7, 8) of Munich, outside the Sendlinger Thor, contains the finest and most artistic tomb- stones in Germany. Among the illustrious dead may be mentioned Fraunhofer, the astro- nomer (d. 1826; arcade, W. side), Senefelder, inventor of lithography (d. 1834; E. side, by the wall), Weumann, the historian (d. 1870; central walk), and P. v. Hess, the painter (d. 1871; ceniral walk). 166 Route 28. MUNICH, English Garden. On the S. side, from the arcades, we enter the New Cemetery (Pl. C., 8), inclosed with arcades in red brick. The first graves on the right and left are those of Ludwig von Schwanthaler (d. 1848) and Fr. v. Gärtner (d. 1847), the two greatest contributors to the splendour of modern Munich. Many other eminent men are also interred here. Observe the centre *Crucifix by Halbig. The Northern Cemetery, in the Arcis-Strasse (p. 157; Pl. D, 1), not far from the New Pinakothek, laid out by Zenetti in 1866-69, con- tains a monument erected by the city to the German soldiers who died of their wounds at Munich in 1870–71, and also a monument to French prisoners buried here during the same period. In the centre is another marble *C.rucifix by Halbig. ENVIRONs. The *English Garden (P1. F, G, H, 1, 2, 3), a park of 600 acres, originally laid out by Count Rumford, with fine old trees, and watered by two arms of the Isar, affords delightful walks in summer. At the entrance from the Hofgarten (p. 131) is a marble statue known as the ‘Harmlos', from the first word of the inscription, by Xaver Schwanthaler (renewed in 1890). Fartheron, by the Brunnhaus, is an artificial cascade. Then, on the right, the Dianabad. To the left, on a height, rises the Monopteros, a small temple designed by Klenze; then the Chinese Tower (Café; music, see p. 425) and the little lake of Kleinhesselohe (Restaurant), used for boating. The Milchhäusl and the Tivoli, farther on, are both cafés. At the N. end is the Aumeister, a forester's house with a restaurant. To the E. of the park is a bridge leading across the Isar Canal and the Isar to Bogenhausen (Pl. J, 2; Inn), on the right bank of the Isar, near which is the Observatory (shown on application to the director). Pleasant walks laid out by King Max II., with views of the town and the distant Alps, lead hence on the Gasteig, as the right bank of the river is here called, to the Ludwigs-Brücke (p. 165). On the left bank, above the Reichenbach bridge, begin the *Isarauen, through which a road leads, crossing the Uberfälle or weirs, to the right bank of the Isar. Then, to the right, we enter the Marienklause, ascend the steps, and follow the bank through wood to the Menterschwaige (see p. 167). Nymphenburg, founded in 1663, and once a favourite château of Max Joseph I., 3 M. to the W. of Munich (cab, see p. 124; steam-tramway, See p. 124), has well-kept grounds, a fountain 100 ft. high, and fine hot- houses (numerous Brazilian plants). In the park are the Magdalene Chapel, Built to imitate a ruin, the Pagodenburg, and the Amalienburg, a pretty Renaissance structure. At the terminus of the tramway is the * Volks- garten, with its fine garden (concerts, etc.). Near the château, on the left, the Restaurant zum Controlor. In the vicinity is a Porcelain Manu- Jactory, formerly belonging to the king, now in private hands. In the ("/2 M.) Deer Park are kept tame stags and white deer. The château of Schleissheim (Schlosswirth; Blauer Karpfen; Traveller's Home; Restaurant zum Bergl, 11/9 M. from the Schloss), a station on the Ratisbon railway (p. 121, reached in 23–30 min.), erected by Elector Max Emanuel at the end of the 17th cent., pos— BRUCK. 29. Route. 167 sesses a pleasant garden, a picture-gallery, etc. (in the lower rooms, early German and Italian masters, open 10-1; in the upper, Dutch, etc.; open 2–5). Grosshesselohe, another favourite point, may be reached by rail in 20 min. We cross the handsome bridge over the Isar to (1 M.) the Menter- schwaige (Restaurant). The bridge affords a good view of Munich, with the deep and broad valley of the Isar below. — Pleasant walk to the Grosshesseloher Bräuhaus, ascending from the station by a path to the left on the left bank (10 min.); thence through wood to the (1/4 hr.) little château of Schwaneck, erected by Schwanthaler (private property, not accessible); /4 hr. farther is Pullach (Inn), a prettily-situated village. Other resorts, farther up, are (3 M.) Baierbrunn, (33/4 M.) Schäftlarn Convent, and (3/4 M.) Ebenhausen (all with inns). From Ebenhausen to Leoni on the Lake of Starnberg, a walk of 2 hrs. On the right bank, about 3 M. above Hesselohe, is the old ducal hunting- lodge of Grünwald (Inn), where a ferry crosses the Isar. . Lake of Starnberg, see Baedeker’s Eastern Alps. 29. From Munich to Lindau. 137 M. RAILWAY (Bayrische Staatsbahn) in 5/3-8 hrs. Views to the left. Munich, see p. 121. Soon after leaving the station we see on the right the park and château of Nymphenburg (p. 166). 5 M. Pasing is the junction for Augsburg (R. 26) and Starnberg. After crossing the Würm and passing (7 M.) Aubing, the train enters the boggy Dachauer Moos. 14 M. Bruck (Marthabräu ; Post; Ludwigshöhe), or Fürstenfeldbruck, pleasantly situated on the Amper, is visited for its river-baths. Near it is the old Cistercian abbey of Fürstenfeld, now a barrack. Then across the Amper to (20M.) Grafrath, station for the Ammersee, which is visible to the left. 24 M. Türkenfeld; 28/2 M. Schwabhausen; 314/2 M. Epfenhausen. The train crosses the Lech to (35 M.) Kaufering (1939 ft.). BRANCH-LINE TO ScHONGAU (21 M., in 13/4 hr.). 3 M. Landsberg (Glocke; *Goggl), an old town on the Lech (5300 inhab.), with the late-Gothic Liebfrauenkirche, founded in 1498. Rathhaus, recently restored, with frescoes by Piloty. Several small stations. 21 M. Schongau (*Post; Stern), an old little town, lies picturesquely on a hill on the Lech. The “Johannisbad here is well fitted up. FROM KAUFERING TO BOBINGEN, 14 M., branch-line in 1 hr., crossing the Lechfeld. 14 M. Bobingen, see below, Near (38 M.) Igling is the château of that name on the left. — 421/2 M. Buchloe (Rail. Rest.; Hôtel Ensslin, near the station), the junction of the lines to Augsburg and Memmingen. - FROM AUGSBURG. To BUCHLoE, 25 M., railway in 50-70 min. (from Augsburg to Lindau in 5-8 hrs.). The line traverses the Lechfeld, the plain between the Wertach and Lech, where Otho I. defeated the Hungarians in 955. Near stat. Inningen, to the right, beyond the Wertach, rises the Wellen- burg, a château of Prince Fugger. Stations Bobingen (branch-line to Kaufe- ring, see above), Grossaitingen, Schwabmünchen (a manufacturing place), Westereringen. The line then crosses the Gennach, and reaches Buchloe. FROM BUCHLOE TO MEMMINGEN (29 M., rail in 11/2 hr.). Beyond (2/2 M.) Wieden'gelfingen the train crosses the Wertach. 5 M. Tilºkheim. 12 M. Mindelheim, an old town with 3400 inhab. ; in the church is the tomb of Georg von Frundsberg (d. 1528), the well-known general. Stations Stetten, Sonthełm, Ungerhausen, Memmingen, see p. 29. 168 Route 29. REMPTEN. From Munich The train enters the broad valley of the Wertach. 461/2 M. Beck- stetten; 50 M. Pforzen. Beyond the river is the monastery of Irrsee, now a lunatic asylum. The background of the landscape is here formed by the Zugspitze (9764 ft.), the Hochplatte (9837 ft.), the Sãuling (6683 ft.), and other imposing mountains. Near the old town of (541/2 M.) Kaufbeuren (2241 ft.; Sonne; Hirsch) the line crosses the Wertach, and then winds between den- sely wooded hills. 58 M. Biessenhofen (Post; branch-line to Füssen); 61 M. Ruderatshofen; 691/2 M. Aitrang. A deep cutting penetrates the watershed between the Wertach and the Iller. 69.1/2 M. Günzach, with an old monastery, now a brewery, is the highest point (2628 ft.) of the line; fine view of the Günzthal; to the right Obergünzburg. The Mittelberg, 1/4 hr. to the S.W., is a fine point of view. The line descends, at first among wooded hills, and then through a broad grassy walley with large beds of peat. 76 M. Wildpoldsried ; 77/2 M. Betzigau. The Iller is crossed. - 81/2 M. Kempten (2287 ft.; *Algäuer Hof, Kronpring, at the station; *Krone, Post, in the new town; Deutscher Kaiser, *Haase, in the old town; Frommlet’s old-German wine-room, near the sta- tion; Rail. Restaur.), the capital of the Algäu, with 15,700 inhab., picturesquely situated on the Iller, which here becomes navigable for rafts, was a free town of the empire down to 1803. It consists of two parts, the Neustadt, on the high ground near the station, and the Altstadt on the Iller. In the Residenz-Platz in the Neustadt stands the old Palace of the once powerful Prince-Abbots of Kemp- ten, built in the 18th cent.; adjacent is the handsome Abbey Church, with a dome in the Italian style (1652). In the Altstadt are the Rathhaus, lately restored, and the Protestant Church in the St. Mang- Platz. In front of the Real-Schule is a War Monument of 1870–71. To the S. of the town, 10 min. from the station, rises the *Burghalde, a hill with new promenades and remains of old walls and towers. Splendid view of the Algäu Alps. Still finer from the *Marienberg (3035 ft.), 1 hr. to the W., best reached by Feilberg and Eggen. FROM KEMPTEN To ULM, railway vià. Memmingen in 4 hrs., the direct route from Stuttgart to the Algäu, Hohenschwangau, etc., see p. 29. — From Rempten to Füssen and Reutte, see Baedeker’s Eastern Alps. Beyond Kempten, from which the train backs out, the line fol- lows the left bank of the Iller. Finest views to the left. Beyond (85 M.) Waltenhofen (2362 ft.) the Niedersonthofer See lies (2240ft.) is seen on the right, at the foot of the Stoffelsberg (3900 ft.). 88 M. Oberdorf. The line approaches the Iller. To the left is the green and sharp-edged Grünten (5732 ft.). - 95 M. Immenstadt (2395 ft.; *Kreuz or Post; *Hirsch; Engel; Traube, with beer-garden), a busy town of 3000 inhab., lies pictu- resquely on both banks of the Steigbach, near the confluence of the Konstanzer Ach and the Iller, at the foot of the Immenstadter Horn (5050 ft.) and the Mittag (4688 ft.). . From Immenstadt to Sonthofen and Oberstdorf, ascent of the Stuiben, the Grünten, etc., see Baedeker's Eastern Alps. to Lindau. LIND AU. 29. Route. 169 The train now turns to the W. into the valley of the Ach, reaches the village of Bühl, on the Alpsee (2355 ft. ; 2 M. long), and runs through the pleasant Konstanzer Thal, flanked with green hills, to (102 M.) Thalkirchdorf. It then ascends to (1051/2 M.) Ober- staufen (2598 ft.; *Büttner), the watershed between the Danube and the Rhine. At the end of a short tunnel, just before Ober- staufen is reached, and at several points beyond it, we obtain strik- ing views of the deep Weissachthal, the wooded mountains of Bre- genz, and the snow-clad peaks of Appenzell beyond. From Ober- staufen to the Lake of Constance the line descends 1280 ft. Beyond (110 M.) Harbatzhofen the valley is crossed by the Rentershofener Damm, an embankment 577 yds. in length, and 174 ft. in height. 114 M. Röthenbach (2319 ft.). Further on we obtain another view of the Appenzell mountains. 123 M. Hergatz; 128 M. Schlachters; 132M. Oberreitnau. The line skirts the Hoier- berg (see below) and then turns to the S.E. Beautiful view of the Lake of Constance; on the left Bregenz, in the foreground Lin- dau, and beyond it the mountains of St. Gallen and Appenzell. An embankment 605 yds. long then carries the line across an arm of the lake to the station of — 137 M. Lindau. — "BAYRISCHER HoF, on the lake, near the station, R. L. & A. 3-4, D. 3./. ; *KRONE. or Post, R. 1/2-2.4, ; *HôTEL REUTEMANN and HELVETIA, moderate; *LINDAUER HOF; SoNNE ; all these are on the quay. PENSION GARTCHEN AUF DER MAUER, on the mainland. — Beer at the Rºone, and in the garden next the Bayrischer Hof; Schützengarten, with view ; adjacent, Rüpftin's wine-saloon; Rail. Restaurant. – Lake Baths on the N.W. side of the town (30 pf.). — English Church Service in summer. Lindau (1306 ft.; pop. 5400), formerly a free imperial town and fortress, and in the middle ages a busy trading place, lies on an island in the Lake of Constance, 240 yds. from the mainland, with which it is connected by the railway-embankment and a wooden bridge. It is now a favourite summer-resort and bathing- place. (Lodgings abound.) The Romans under Tiberius defeated the Celtic Windelici in a naval battle on the lake, and founded on the island a fort, of which the ancient tower by the bridge (the so-called Heidenmauer) is a relic. On the quay is a Statue of King Maw II. (d. 1864) in bronze, erected in 1856. At the end of the S. pier is a large lion in marble, and on the opposite pier a light- house (view; tickets at the Custom House, 40 pf.). In the neigh- bouring Reichs-Platz is the Reichsbrunnen, erected in 1884 from a design by Thiersch and Rümann, with an admirable statue of ‘Lin- dauia' and allegorical figures in bronze. Handsome Rathhaws in the Renaissance style, restored, and adorned with frescoes. Pleasant grounds by the Landthor, with a monument for 1870–71. Excurs IONs. Pleasant walk on the W. bank of the lake (crossing the railway-embankment, and turning to the left), to the (2 M.) charmingly situated Schachenbad (“Restaur. & Pension, 22-30.4%. per week), with mineral and lake-baths. Near it (1/4 M.) is the Lindenhof, or Villa Gruber, with a beautiful park, hot-houses, etc. (adm. Frid. free, on other days 1 w/º.; closed on Sundays). Thence along the bank of the lake by Tegelstein (to the right 170 Route 30. ROSENHEIM. the finely situated Schloss Alwind) and Mitten, to (2 M.) Wasserburg (*Hôt.- Pens. Hornstein, with terrace), with a château and church, situated on a peninsula. Back by steamer. — Beautiful view from the (8/4 hr.) *Hoier- berg (1496 ft.), reached either by the path parallel with the railway, or by the road from the Landthor through Aeschach (Schlatter) to the hamlet of Hoiren at the foot of the vine-clad hill. Two imns and a Belvedere at the top. Return vià. Enzisweiler (*Schmid's Restaur.) and Schachen (Schlössle). To Bregenz (the Gebhardsberg, Pfänder, etc.), see Baedeker's Eastern Alps. The Lake of Constance (1300 ft.) is about 40 M. in length, 71/g. M. in width, and at the deepest place (between Friedrichshafen and Utweil) 837 ft. in depth. Its principal feeder is the Rhine, the deposits of which have formed a broad delta at its influx between Bregenz and Rorschach. The river emerges from the lake at Constance. This vast sheet of water, with its picturesque and well-peopled banks, its green and wooded hills on the S. side, and the view it commands of the distant snow-mountains, presents a very striking scene to the traveller approaching the Alps for the first time. The principal places on the lake are Friedrichshafen, Lindau, Bregenz, Rorschach, Romanshorn, Constance, Meersburg, Ueberlingen, and Ludwigs- hafen, between which steamboats ply at least once a day. On the more important routes, Lindau-Rorschach (11/4 hr.), Lindau-Romanshorn (1/2 hr.), Friedrichshafen-Rorschach (11/4 hr.), Friedrichshafen-Romanshorn (1 hr.), Friedrichshafen-Constance (1/2 hr.), there are 3-4 trips daily. The lake being neutral, passengers' luggage is liable to examination at the custom- house wherever they land; but those proceeding from one German port to another obtain exemption by procuring a ticket for their luggage on starting. The banks of the lake belong to five different states: Bavaria, Wurtemberg, Baden, Switzerland, and Austria. (See Baedeker's Switzer- land, and comp. p. 49.) ~~ 30. From Munich to Salzburg. 95 M. RAILWAY in 3/4-5 hrs. (express to Vienna in 12 hrs.). Views to the right. Travellers from Austria to Munich should change their Austrian money for German gold and silver. The direct railway to Rosenheim by Grafing presents few at- tractions. Beyond the (2/2M.) Munich S. Station, the train crosses the Isar and reaches the (6M.) Munich E. Station, where the Simbach- Braunau line branches off to the left(p. 171); to the right, a distant view of the Alps. Stations Trudering, Haar, Zorneding, Kirchseedn, all unimportant. 231/2 M. Grafing a considerable place, 11/2 M. from the railway. Between stations Assling and Osterminchen the Attel is traversed. To the right, opposite to us, rises the Wendel- stein, to the left the Kaisergebirge. 37 M. Carolinenfeld. 40 M. Rosenheim (1466 ft. ; * König Otto; Bayr. Hof; Alte Post; Deutsches Haus; Zum Wendelstein, moderate; Thaller, by the station, well spoken of; Rail. Restaur.), the junction of the Inns- bruck, Mühldorf, and Holzkirchen lines, a town of 10,059 inhab., with salt-works, lies at the confluence of the Mangfall and the Inn. The salt-water is conveyed hither from Reichenhall, 50 M. distant. Salt and other baths at the *Marienbad and the *Kaiserbad (both hotel-pensions), 3/4 M. from the station. The Schlossberg on the right bank of the Inn, 40 min. from the station, is a charming point of view. - FROM MUNICH To RoseNHEIM v13 HolzRIRCHEN, 461/2 M., in 3 hrs., a longer, but more interesting line than that described above, see Bae- deker’s Eastern Alps. - From Rosenheim to Innsbruck, see the same Handbook, TRAUNSTEIN. 30. Route, 171 Beyond Rosenheim the train crosses the Inn, and passes (45M.) Stephanskirchen, the Simmsee, 33/4 M. long, and (501/2 M.) Endorf. 56M. Prien (1745 ft.; Hôtel Chiemsee, at the station; *Zur Kampen- wand, 2 min. from the station, with fine view; Kronprinz; Oster- maier), a favourite summer-resort, 1 M. from the W. bank of the Chiemsee. - TAILWAY in 8 min. to Stock (Inn), the landing-place of the Chiemsee steamer, which plies in summer to the Herreminsel 8 times daily in 1/4 hr., and to the Fraueninsel 6 times daily in 1/2 hr. — The Chiemsee (1680 ft.), 11 M. long, 7 M. broad, contains three islands, the large Herreninset, the Fraueninsel, and the Krautinsel ("vegetable-island"). The Fraueninsel, so named from its nunnery, is also the site of a fishing-village and an “Inn. On the Herreninsel (9 M. in circumference) rises the imposing *Schloss Herrenchiemsee, begun by King Lewis II. after the model of Versailles and lavishly fitted up, but not completed (adm. daily in summer, 9-5; 3.4. ; closed on 13th June). The old château, near the landing-place, is now an “Inn and brewery, with a garden. The lake is noted for its fish. The banks are flat ; the long chain of the Bavarian and Tyrolese Alps forms the background towards the S. See Baedeker’s Eastern Alps. The line skirts the S. bank of the Chiemsee. 591/2 M. Bernau. Beyond (64 M.) Uebersee, from which a branch-line runs in 1/2 hr. to Marquartstein, wo cross the Grosse Ache. 69 M. Bergen; 11/2 M. to the E. lie the mineral-baths of Adelholzen, well fitted up. 73M. Traunstein (1929 ft.; *Hôt. Wiespauer; *Post; Zur Eisen- bahn; Prantl; Traube; Weisses Bräuhaus), a thriving place with 5400 inhab., substantially rebuilt since a great fire in 1851, lies on the Traun. The Mineralbad (pension 31/2-7.4.) is well fitted up, and has a large garden. The extensive salt-works on the Traun are supplied with brine from Reichenhall, 221/2 M. distant. From Traunstein to Reichenhall vià Inzell, a charming drive, see Baede- ken’s Eastern Alps. We skirt wooded and grassy hills, above which, on the right, rises the Stauffen, and farther on, the Untersberg (p. 262). 77 M. Lauter; 83 M. Teisendorf, with the ruined castle of Raschenberg. 891/9 M. Freilassing (*Föckerer), the Bavarian frontier, and junc- tion for Reichenhall, see Baedeker's Eastern Alps. The line crosses the Saalach; to the right is Schloss Klesheim ; among trees to the left, as we near Salzburg, are seen the white walls of Maria-Plain (p. 262). The Salzach is then crossed. - . 95 M. Salzburg, see p. 257. 31. From Munich to Linz by Simbach 148 M. RAILWAY in 5-111/2 hrs. - From the Munich Central Station to the East Station, where the Rosenheim line branches off to the right, see p. 170. Several unimportant stations. 19 M. Schwaben, a thriving village (branch-line to Erding). Near (47. M.) Ampfing Emp. Lewis the Bavarian defeated and took prisoner his rival Frederick of Austria in 1822. To commemorate the victory he erected the small church 172 Route 31. BRAUNAU. to the left of the railway. 52 M. Mühldorf (1260 ft.; Post), a little town on the Inn, with 2800 inhab., lies below the level of the line, from which its towers only are visible. To Rosenheim and Platt- ling, see R. 34. Near (60M.) Neu-Oetting (Post) the line crosses the Isen above its confluence with the Inn. Alt-Oetting, 33/4 M. to the E. (diligence in 3/4 hr.), is a famous pilgri- mage-resort, with a miraculous image of the Virgin (in the Small church in the market), said to have been brought from the East in the 7th cen- tury. The abbey-church contains the tomb of Tilly (p.117); in the treasury are precious relics dating from the 8th cent. downwards. The line approaches the Inn; broad willow-clad valley; to the left, wooded hills. 64 M. Perach, prettily situated on the hill to the left. A long embankment on the riverside is next traversed. Near (68 M.) Marktl the mountains recede, and the train quits the Inn, into which the Salzach falls 3 M. to the S. 731/2 M. Buch. 76 M. Simbach (Alte Post; Rail. Rest.), the last Bavarian station; luggage is examined here by Austrian custom-house officers. The Inn is then crossed. º 78 M. Braunau (Ente; Post), an old-fashioned town with 3100 inhab. ; late-Gothic Church of the 15th cent., with a fine tower (in- terior modernised in bad taste). In the Promenaden-Platz by the Spitalkirche rises the * Palm Monument, in bronze, designed by Knoll, in memory of John Palm, the patriotic bookseller of Nurem– berg, who was shot at Braunau by Napoleon's order (comp. p. 91). FROM BRAUNAU To STEINDoRF, 231/2 M., railway in 2 hrs. Stations St. Georgen, Mauerkirchen, Uttendorf-Hellpfau, Mattighofen, Munderfing, Achen- lohe, Friedburg-Lengau, Steindorf (p. 257). Beyond this the country is pretty and wooded. 84M. Minning ; 88 M. Obernberg–Altheim. The line ascends; to the left, farther on, we have a fine survey of the Innthal. 90 M. Geinberg; 921/2 M. Gurten. 100M. Ried (Löwe), a thriving town (4500 inhab.) on the Oberach and Breitach, and junction of the Salzkammergut Railway (see Baedeker's Eastern Alps). The Schwanthaler-Str. contains the ancestral home of the famous sculptor of that name. The line again ascends, affording views to the right and left. 404 M. Peterskirch; 108 M. Pram-Haag, 116 M. Newmarkt. Thence to Wels and (148 M.) Linz, see pp. 179, 256. 32. From Nuremberg to Furth (and Prague). 100 M. RAILWAY to Furth in 5-6 hrs. (to Prague in 111/2 hrs.); custom- house examination at Furth. Nuremberg, see p. 85. The line ascends the left bank of the Pegnitz (on the right bank runs the line to Eger wiā Schnabelwaid, p. 96). 21/2 M. Mögeldorf; 3/4 M. from the station the Schmaussen- buck, a favourite resort from Nuremberg (p. 96). 4 M. Laufamholz. On the right near (7M.) Röthenbach rises the Moritzberg (shady path to the top in 18/4 hr., vià Rockenbrunn), which commands the plain of Nuremberg and the valley of the Pegnitz. 101/2 M. Lauf, on the AMBERG. 32. Route, 173 left bank of the Pegnitz (p. 96; Oertel’s Restaurant, at the station); 13 M. Ottensoos; 15 M. Henfenfeld, with a small château. 171/2 M. Hersbruck (p. 96); the station lies on the left bank of the Pegnitz, 1/2 M. from the town, and 11/4 M. from the other station (p. 96) on the right bank of the Pegnitz, on the N. side of the town. Near (20M.) Pommelsbrunn (Birner, at the station; *Paulus, Vogel, in the village), a summer resort, prettily situated at the base of the Houbirch, the line quits the Pegnitzthal, which here turns to the N. Scenery picturesque. 23 M. Hartmannshof; 26 M. Etzel- wang (N.E., the ruined Rupprechtstein and the well-preserved Schloss Neidstein); 28 M. Neukirchen, on the watershed between the Main and the Danube. FROM NEUKIRCHEN To WEIDEN (311/2 M., rail in 2 hrs.). Stations Grossalbershof, Schönlind, (12/2 M.) Wilseck, an old town on the Vils, with a late-Gothic church. Then Langenbruck, Freiung, Röthenbach, Weiher- hammer, where the Heidenab is crossed, and (311/2 M.) Weiden (p. 119). 34 M. Sulzbach (Krone; pop. 4668), with an old Schloss of the Dukes of Pfalz-Neuburg-Sulzbach, now a house of correction for women. 36 M. Rosenberg, with the blast-furnaces of the Maxhiitte (p. 119); 381/2 M. Altmannshof. To the right rises the Erzberg, with its iron-mines. 441/2 M. Amberg (1223 ft.; Pfälzer Hof; Mayerhofer's Restau- rant, both near the station), a town on the Vils, with 19,098 inhab., has a well-preserved wall and moat, and is encircled by a fine avenue. The large Jesuits’ College is now occupied by the gymna- sium, a seminary, and a brewery. The late-Gothic Church of St. Martin (15th cent.), with a tower 295 ft. high, contains a tombstone of Count Palatine Rupert (d. 1397). The Rathhaus, with its two fine halls, contains the valuable archives of the town. The large Prison has room for 1300 convicts. Guns for the Bavarian army are made at the Gewehrfabrik here. Outside the Wilsthor is a mon- ument to Max Joseph I. The Mariahilfberg (1900 ft.), with a pilgrimage-church, affords an extensive prospect. - 45 M. Hiltersdorf; 50 M. Freihöls; 55 M. Irrenlohe. 58 M. Schwandorf (p. 119), junction of the Eger and Ratisbon line (R. 27). Our line turns to the E. 66 M. Alfenschwand; 70M. Bodenwöhr ; 76 M. Neubău ; 801/2 M. Roding (Kleber, Post), a thriving village on the Regen, 11/4 M. to the S.; 82 M. Pösing. 88M. Cham (1263ft.; Post; Vogel), an old town with 3600 inhab., on the N. margin of the Bavarian Forest (p. 182), is the old capital of the Chamberich. Gothic Rathhaus of the 15th cent. ; adjoining it the late-Gothic church of St. James (1514). The old Chamminster, 1/2 M. to the E. of the town, is a late-Gothic church on Romanesque foundations. Near it is the lofty ruin of Chamer- eck. — Pleasant excursion hence, by Schloss Runding (Simeth’s brewery, in the village), inhabited down to the present century, to the (8 hrs.) Haid- stein (2441 ft.), a fine point of view, with a chapel and some scanty ruins. We now traverse the deep Cham-Thal. 92 M. Kothmaissling; 96 M. Ahrnschwang, with an old castle and church. 174 Route 33. STRAUBING. To the S.W. rises the finely-shaped Hohe Bogen (highest point, the Eckstein, 3523 ft.), ascended from Ahrnschwang or Furth in 2-2)/2 hrs. The Burgstall (3210 ft.), the W. peak, commands a fine Survey of the valley of the Regen, and of a great part of Bohemia and the Upper Palatinate. Amongst the woods on the W. spur lies the ruin of Lichteneck (2438 ft.). — We may penetrate further into the Bavarian Forest by descending from the Eckstein on the S.E. side to the (25 min.) Diensthütte (refreshments), following the top of the hill to the (3/4 hr.) belvedere on the Hohenstein, and going thence by Kager to (11/2 hr.) the high-road, which leads to (4!/2 M.) Lam (p. 184). 100M. Furth (1345 ft.; *Post; Zum Hohenbogen, at the station; Waschinger; breweries of Utz and Altmann; Rail. Rest.), a small town with an ancient tower and a ruined castle, the junction of the Bohemian W. Railway (luggage examined). - - Omnibus twice daily in 41/4 hrs. to (15 M.) Lam (p. 184). The road leads by (4 M.) Eschelkam (1543 ft. ; *Neumaier; Späth), a prettily situated summer resort, and (41/4 M.) Neukirchen (*Moreth ; Koepl), at the N.E. base of the Hohe Bogen (see above), with a pilgrimage-church. From Furth to Prague, see R. 48. 33. From Ratisbon to Passau and Linz. The Danube from Passau to Linz. 140 M. RAILwAY to (73 M.) Passau in 4 hrs., to (140 M.) Linz in 8 hrs. — STEAMBOAT from Passau to Linz daily in summer in 4 hrs. (fares 3 fl. 35, 2 fl. 25 kr.); up from Linz to Passau, 71/2 hrs. (fares 2 fl. 45, 1 fl. 66 kr.). The custom-house examination takes place after passengers have taken their tickets. The check received is given up on embarking. To (5 M.) Obertraubling, see p. 119. Our line diverges to the left from the Munich railway (R. 27). Stations Mangolding, Moos- ham, Taimering, Sünching (branch-line to Geiselhöring, p. 119), Radlalorf. - - 251/2 M. Straubing (1073 ft.; Schwarzer Adler; Post; Kraus), a very ancient town (pop. 13,560) on the Danube, lies in an ex- tensive and fertile plain, the granary of Bavaria. The late-Gothic church of *St. James (1429-1512) contains paintings attributed to Wohlgemuth, a fine altar with statues of the year 1500, and good stained glass (1442 and 1503). The Gothic Gymnasialkirche (of 1430), formerly church of the Carmelites, contains the fine monu- ment of Duke Albert II. (d. 1397). The Schloss (now barracks) was once occupied by Duke Albert III. with his wife Agnes Ber- nauer (p. 100), the beautiful daughter of a barber of Augsburg. Her father-in-law Duke Ernest, exasperated by his son's mésalliance, cruelly and unjustly caused her to be condemned to death and thrown into the Danube from the bridge (1435). Her remains were interred in the churchyard of St. Peter, as recorded by an inscrip- tion on a marble slab in the Agnes-Bernauer Chapel (of 1436). The square Stadt-Thurm (223 ft.), with its five turrets, was erected by Duke Lewis I. in 1208. - - 30 M. Amselfing; 331/2M. Strasskirchen (near the mineral-baths of Münchshöfen); 37M. Stephansposching. On the left the Nattern- berg (328 ft.), with a ruined castle and a modern château. 41 M. PASSAU. 33. Route. 175 Plattling, where the line crosses the Isar, near its confluence with the Danube, junction for Mühldorf and Eisenstein. (Excursion in the Bavarian Forest, see p. 181.) 461/2 M. Langenisarhofen; 50 M. Osterhofen; 54 M. Girching; 561/2M, Pleinting. The line nears the Danube, and follows it toPassau. On the opposite bank rises the well-preserved ruin of Hiltgersberg. 60M. Wilshofen (Ochs; Bayr. Hof), the Roman Villa Quintanica, at the confluence of the Wils and Danube, has a Gothic church of 1376. – 64 M. Sandbach. On a rock to the left, further on, we observe a recumbent lion, erected to the memory of Maximilian I., the projector of the high-road, which between this point and Passau is in many places hewn through the rock. 69 M. Schalding ; 71 M. Heining. The towers of Passau, the fortress of Oberhaus, and the charming environs of the town now come into view. Luggage is examined at the station. 74 M. Passau. — Hotels. *BAYRIscher Hof, R., L., & A. 3, D. 21/2.4.; *MoHR, R., L., & A. from 1/2, D. 2./. ; both in the Innere Ludwig-Str.: *WENZEL ZUR SoNNE, corner of Theresiengasse and Untere Sand, near the bridge over the Inn ; *ZUR EISENBAHN, near the rail. station. — Wine Saloon: “Zum Wilden Mann, Schrottgasse; *Rathhauskeller, in the Rathhaus (p. 176). — Beer at the Stadt Wien, near the station; Wiedermeyer's Bier- halle, near the Ludwigsthor; Stockbauer, Schmerold, and Hellkeller, beyond the small drill-ground; Peschlkeller, near the station, with terrace towards the Danube; Rosenberger Keller, in the Innstadt, by the bridge; Monnen- giitl (p. 477), above the Ilzstadt, 20 min. from the suspension bridge. — Baths in the Danube, left bank; also in the Ilz, warmer. Passau (950ft), the Castra Batava of the Romans (of which re- lics are preserved in the ‘Römerwehr', to the W. of the Domplatz), the capital of an independent episcopal see down to 1803, with 16,700 inhab., lies on a rocky tongue of land formed by the con- fluence of the Inn (319 yds. in breadth) with the Danube (only 264 yds. wide). Numerous houses, chiefly of the 17th and 18th cent. , on the banks of the rivers, especially on the Inn, give the town an imposing appearance. The peculiar and picturesque situation of the town at the confluence of the Danube, Inn, and Ilz, and the variety of views commanded by the neighbouring heights, will amply repay a short visit to Passau, one of the most beautiful places on the Danube. From the station the Bahnhof-Str. leads to the E. to the Neu- markt or Ludwig-Str., which, with its E. continuation the Rinder- markt, is the busiest part of the town. To the right, at the corner of the Geist-Str., is the tasteful Votivkirche in the Romanesque style, erected in 1864; on the façade are statues of Christ and the Apostles; fine interior; altar-piece, Coronation of the Virgin. — Adjacent, on the right, is the Heil. Geistspital (Old Cath.), with a church and tavern (Austrian wine). - Farther on, on the left side of the Rindermarkt, is the Johannes- Spitalkirche, with numerous wood-carvings, ancient and modern, ranged along the walls, and tombstones in red marble. To the ~ 176 Route 33. PASSAU. From Ratisbon, right, higher up, is the Parish Church of St. Paul, of the 17th cent. richly painted in the interior in 1852. - Passing through the Paulusbogen adjoining the church, we ascend to the right to the Parade-Platz or Domplatz. On the E. side, on a height overlooking the town, rises the CATHEDRAL OF ST. STEPHEN, founded perhaps as early as the 5th cent., restored in the Gothic style in the 15th and 16th cent., and rebuilt in a florid ro- coco style by C. Lorago after a fire in 1665 (nave completed in 1684, towers in 1695). This is one of the finest German churches of the 17th century. The outside of the choir still shows traces of the old Gothic edifice. On the N. side is the Domhof, with inter- esting restored chapels. That of the Holy Trinity, with a handsome altar, early German paintings, and the names of all the bishops of Passau, contains the monument of the founder, Prince-Bishop Tren- bach (d. 1598). The Heinrichs-Kapelle, with modern stained-glass windows and gilded carving, dates from 1710. On the E. side is the Via Dolorosa or Kreuzweg Chapel (1414), with four slender octa- gonal pillars, and old tombstones of red marble on the walls. The adjacent Mt. of Olives or Olberg Chapel, founded in 1288, contains a marble tomb of Count Heinrich III., erected in 1860. The Parade–Platz in front of the cathedral is adorned with a Statue of Maasimilian I. in bronze. Opposite to it, on the W. side, is the Post Office, historically interesting as the place where the Treaty of Passau (1552), establishing religious toleration, was concluded between Emp. Charles W. and Elector Maurice of Saxony. See the inscriptions above and adjoining the entrance. - The choir of the cathedral adjoins the Residenz-Platz, in which rise the Amtsgericht, the Landgericht, and the episcopal Residenz, all with rich rococo portals. A street descends hence to the right to the Inn Bridge (see be- low). To the left the Schrottgasse leads to the pier of the Danube steamers, passing the Rathhaus (lately enlarged). The Council Chamber is embellished with paintings from the history of Passau on the walls and ceiling, by F. Wagner. The smaller hall and the great public hall are to be similarly decorated. Going farther E., we then follow the Braugasse to the right to the Heil. Kreuz-Church, belonging to the dissolved nunnery of Niedernburg, a Romanesque basilica with low vaulting, restored in 1860–65. Interior under- going restoration. The Maria-Parz chapel on the S. side contains the tomb of the Abbess Gisela, Queen of Hungary, and sister of Emp. Henry II. (shown on application). . . . The Braugasse leads on to the promontory at the E. end of the town, with relics of the old fortifications, where we obtain a fine view of the broad expanse formed by the confluence of the rivers, Whose different-coloured waters seem to strive for the mastery. - An iron bridge crosses the Inn to the Innstadt, the ancient Bojodurum, rebuilt since its destruction by fire in the war in to Linz. PASSAU. 33. Route. 177 1809. St. Severinus, to whom the church is dedicated, was a missionary here in the 5th century. Following the broad road, and turning to the right outside the town-gate, we ascend in 1/4 hr. to the pilgrimage-church of *Mariahilf (1256 ft.). About 50 paces to the right, beyond the entrance, and a few feet higher, is a circular space with two benches, commanding a charming survey of the town, the confluence of the Inn and Danube, and the fortress of Oberhaus. The church attracts numerous worshippers. The coloured reliefs in the chapels in the court are not unpleasing. From the vestibule of the church, garnished with votive tablets, a flight of 164 steps des- cends to Innstadt. In Austrian territory, 1/2 M. from Mariahilf, is the Waldschloss, a restaurant prettily situated on the margin of a wood. The fortress of *Oberhaus (1378 ft.), built by Bishop Ulric II. in 1219, crowns a precipitous, wooded height on the left bank of the Danube, opposite Passau. The road leaves the town at the upper end, crosses the Danube by a Bridge 240 yds. long, and des— cends on the left bank through the small suburb of Anger, nestling under the rock, and through a cutting in the rock, to the Ilz. The shortest route for pedestrians is by the new Chain Bridge at the lower end of the town (3 pf.). On the left, beyond the cutting, is the Gothic Salvator-Kirche, of 1484, restored in 1861, with groined vaulting and a series of chapels. Modern carved altar, gilded and painted, with good imitations of Adam Krafft's Stations of the Cross at Nuremberg (p. 92). From the Ilz Bridge (see below) the road ascends to the left to the gate of the fortress in 1/4 hr. The *Belvedere (follow the guide- posts to the right, from the entrance; 50 pf.) affords a beautiful survey of the town and the valleys of the Ilz, the Danube, and the Inn, and of the hills of the Bohemian and Bavarian Forests (see the excellent indicator). The well which supplies the fortress is 426 ft. deep, and extends down to the level of the Danube. In the middle ages the Oberhaus, now a state-prison, frequently afforded the bishops a refuge from civic broils. In 1809 it was occupied by the French, and the Austrians prepared to besiege it; but they abandoned their intention after their defeat at Ratisbon (p. 106). At the mouth of the Ilz, an important channel for the timber- traffic, a bridge crosses to the Ilzstadt, at the base of the Nonnberg, inhabited by boatmen and raftsmen. Above it rises the (20 min.) *Klosterberg, or Nonnengütl, a charming point of view, which af- fords the best survey of the union of the light-gray Inn, the yellow- ish - green Danube, and the inky Ilz. After having received the Waters of the Inn, the Danube becomes a noble stream. Those whose time is limited may take the footpath from Oberhaus to the right, by a small house before the old powder-magazine is reached, and descend direct to the Ilz and Danube, or they may follow the tele. graph-posts to the left and then descend the steps to the bridge over the Danube. But the traveller who has 2 hrs. to spare should follow the top Qf the hill, passing the old powder-magazine, to (1/4 hr.) Ries (*Imm), and descend thence to (/4 hr.) *Hals (960 ft. ; Hydropathic Estab.), a village BAEDEKER's S. Germany. 7th Edit. 12 178 Route 33. FREYUNG. From Ratisbon charmingly situated in the valley of the Ilz, and commanded by the ruined castle of that name. Observe the old pillory by a corner-house in the market- place. Above the village (finger-post), by the Hofbauer, we cross the Ilz (3 pf.), and descend the promenade on the left bank to the (1/4 hr.) Durch- bruch, a tunnel, 143 yds. in length, hewn in the rock in 1831, through which an arm of the IJz flows. On the wooded hill above the tunnel is the ruined castle of Reschenstein. In clefts of the rocks here is found the beautiful lumi- nous moss. A footway, protected by a balustrade, leads through the tunnel. At the farther end there is a long barrier to intercept the floating timber as it descends from the Bavarian Forest (p. 182). A foot-bridge crosses from the upper end of the tunnel to the Trifthäuschen on the right bank. We return through the Durch bruch, follow the left bank for 8 min., and cross to the steam saw-mill; then follow the right bank to the (1/4 hr.) bridge of Hals. We return by the road on the right bank of the Ilz to (1/4 M.) the suspension-bridge of Passau (see above). The belvedere on the *Schardenberg, or Schafberg, is another of the numerous fine points near Passau. We cross the bridge over the Inn, and ascend the Linz road to (3 M.) Gattern, 11/2 M. beyond which a road, slightly descending to the right from the high-road, leads to the tower (adm. 10 pf.) in a few minutes. Restaurant adjacent. A most extensive view is here enjoyed of the Bavarian Mts. and the Alps of the Salz- kammergut and Styria, with a picturesque foreground. We may now descend in 3/4 hr. to Wernstein (p. 179). From Passau a pleasant excursion may be taken to the S.E. part of the Bavarian Forest (comp. p. 182). We cross the Ilz and descend by the Danube to the (3 M.) Kernmühle. Here we ascend to the left (guide desir- able) to (1 hr.) the baths of Kellberg (1610 ft.; *Pension, moderate; omni- bus to and from Passau on Wed. and Sat.), prettily situated on the hill and commanding a charming view. Thence to the N.W., through the finely situated little town of Tyrnau (Zum Edelfurtner; Enzinger), and by the old road (with short-cuts towards the end) to (2}/2 hrs.) Hauzenberg (1800 ft. ; Post; J. Stemplinger; A. Stemplinger), near which rises the Staffelberg (2600 ft.), with a belvedere-tower. Next to (2)/2 hrs.) Sonnen; then for '/2 hr. by the new road to Freudensee, with its ruin, and by the old road to Oberschreut and (13/4 hr.) Breitenberg (see below). Or we may go from the Kernmühle (see above) along the bank of the Danube to Erlaº and (21/2 hrs.) Obernzell (see p. 179); then ascend the valley to the left to (3 M.) Griesbach (1828 ft. : *Oetzinger), where the road forks. The branch to the left leads to Hauzenberg (see above). We take the branch to the right, by (1 hr.) Wildena'anna and (11/4 hr.) Wegscheid (2360 ft. ; *Klein ; Escherich), a small town with linen factories, to (3 hrs.) Breitenberg (2316 ft.; *Post, with fine view from the veranda). The road now descends towards the N. to (3/4 hr.) Klafferstrass, and ascends slightly to (3/4 hr.). Lacken- häuser (2668 ft. ; Rosenberger). A good path ascends thence in 11/2 hr. to the top of the Dreisesselberg (4300 ft.). The summit consists of huge piled- up blocks of granite; admirable view of the Bohemian Forest and the Alps. Still finer from the Hohenstein (4365 ft.), 1/4 hr. distant. From the Dreisesselberg a tolerably good path on the crest of the hill, past the Dreieckmarkstein (4830 ft.), where the boundaries of Bavaria, Bohemia, and Austria meet, to (11/4-1}/2 hr.) the Blöckenstein (4523ft.), mirrored in the dark waters of the solitary, forest-girt Blöckensteinsee (evening light best). On the bank of the lake is a monument to Adalbert Stifter (d. 1868), who has celebrated this spot in his poems. Back to Lackenhäuser in 2/4 hrs. From Lackenhäuser we go on (with guide) to (11/2 hr.) Neº-Reichenau (Bergwirth; Bäck), and (without guide) by bye-roads vià. Unter-Graine; (Inn) and Kaining , or by the shorter new road vià Fürholz, to (4 hrs.) Freyung (2160 ft.; *Post), a busy little town on the high-road to Passau (diligence daily in 4!/2 hrs. ; railway being made). About 1/4 hr. to the N., on a rock towering above the brawling Saussbach, is the imposing château of Wolfstein, now occupied by the district-authorities; and /2 hr. to the S.W. rises the Geiersberg (2592 ft.), a splendid point of with. From Freyung to Linz. SCHARDING. 33. Route. 179 we may proceed to the N., vià, the Bierhütte and Haslach, to (2 hrs.) Hohenau (2638 ft.; *Moosbauer). Or we may choose the longer but pleas- anter route, which descends by the church of Freyung, crosses the Sauss- bach, and descends on the right bank, through the “Buchberger Leite, a romantic rocky gorge, to (4!/2 M.) the mill of Buchberg ; we then ascend to the right by Saulohºn and Haslach to (1/2 hr.) Hohenau. From Hohenau we may go to the N.W. to (2 hrs.) St. Oswald (p. 183; route to the Rachelsee and over the Rachel to Frauenau, 51/2 hrs., see p. 183; guide from St. Oswald to Zwiesel 6 J/4.). Ascent of the Lusen (p. 183) direct, vià, the Schönauer Glashütte, 31/2 hrs. (guide 2.4.); descent by Waldhäuser to St. Oswald, 21/2 hrs. (comp. p. 183). The RAILWAY to Linz passes through a long tunnel, crosses the Inn, and ascends on the right bank of the river. 80 M. Wernstein, with an old château, on a height opposite. 83 M. Schärding (*Hôt. Altmann), an ancient town with 3600 inhab., picturesquely situated on the Inn, junction of the Salzkammergut Railway (see p. 256). Near it is the village of Brunnenthal, with a chalybeate spring. The line now ascends the Pramthal. 89 M. Taufkirchen ; 92.M. Andorf; 98 M. Riedaw; 406 M. Neumarkt (“Reiss), junction of the Simbach- Munich line (R. 31); 113 M. Grieskirchen. We now descend (to the right a view of the Alps with the Traunstein) by Wallern to (1241/2 M.) Wels, a station on the Linz and Salzburg railway (p. 256). Thence to (140 M.) Linz, see R. 39. STEAMBOAT JOURNEY (comp. Map, p. 250). The steamer, far preferable to the railway, generally leaves Passau at 3 p.m., and reaches Linz in 4 hrs. Luggage examined before embarkation (comp. p. 174). - The scenery of the Danube is grander, but less Smiling than that of the Rhine, while the finest points are often rather far apart. The moun- tains are higher, and the banks are generally fringed with forest, or clothed with luxuriant pasture ; but the population is poor and sparse, and there is an almost total absence of the busy traffic which characterises the Sister-river. A beautiful retrospect of the town and environs is enjoyed immedi- ately after starting. Below Passau the right bank belongs to Austria, and the left bank as far as Engelharts Zell to Bavaria. - R. Schloss Krempelstein, on an abrupt cliff. L. (3. 30) Obernzell or Hafnerzell (964 ft.; *Post), the last Bavarian village, with large quarries of graphite and manufactories of lead-pencils and fire-proof crucibles. Excursion to the Bavarian Forest, see p. 178. R. Wiechtenstein, an old Schloss on the hill, formerly the property of the bishops of Passau and now of Count Pachta. Farther on, below Grünau, the Jochenstein, jutting far into the river on the left, was the ancient boundary between Bavaria and Austria. The present boundary is a wooded ravine on the left bank, a little lower down. R. (4 p.m.) Engelhartszell (*Post), prettily situated, with the Austrian custom-house (p. 174). Near it is Engelszell, once a Cistercian monastery, now owned by Count Pachta. L. Ranariedl, an ancient mountain-castle, still inhabited; at the foot of the hill is the village of Nieden”anna. - R. (4. 18) Wesenufer or Wesenwrfahr, an old town, with a large wine cellar hewn in the rock, formerly owned by the cathedral chapter of Passau. L. Marsbach, with the ancient tower of a mediaeval castle. R. Waldkirchen, a ruin on a pine-clad rock. L. Hayenbach, or the Kirschbaumer Schloss, destroyed by Emp. Maxi- milian I., is seen a second time after a bend in the river. The channel of the river now contracts to nearly half its former width, and is confined between precipitous wooded hills, 600-1000 ft. in height. This is one of the grandest parts of the river. At the pleasant village of — - 4.2% 180 Route 33. ASCHACH. ; Obermichl, the Kleine Mich! descends from a wooded ravine into the Danube. L. Weuhaus, a handsome château on a lofty wooded height, the prop- erty of Herr von Plank. The Danube suddenly emerges on a broad plain shortly before we reach — R. (5. 30) Aschach (Sonne; Adler), a small town extending picturesquely along the bank, with the château and park of Count Harrach. The Pöst- lingberg with its church, near Linz, comes into view ; in clear weather the Styrian and Austrian Alps form the background towards the S. ; and to the right rises the Traunstein. The view is soon concealed by the nu- merous islands, overgrown with underwood, between which the river flows. — From this point to Linz, and beyond it, the valley was the scene of many a sanguinary encounter during the revolt of the peasantry of Upper Austria. In 1626 Aschach was the headquarters of the insurgents, where, as well as at Neuhaus, they had barricaded the Danube with chains to prevent the Bavarians from assisting Count Herberstein, the Austrian gov- ernor, who was shut up at Linz. [RAILWAY To WELS, 171/2 M., in 14/2 hr., vià. Efferding, Breitenaich, and Iſaiding. Wels, see p. 256. — About 1/2 M. to the N.E. of Aschach, on the opposite bank of the Danube, is Bad Mühllacken, the property of Dr. Brichta, with a warm mineral spring known since 1864, pleasantly situated in the valley of the Bösenbach and suitable for a quiet stay (*Kurhaus, R. 31/2- 8 ſl. per week; English landlady).] Perched on the hills to the right are the ruined castles of Stauf and Schaumburg. The latter was once the ancestral seat of a powerful family which held sway over the whole valley between Passau and Linz, but became extinct in 1559. Landshag, with a small château of Count Harrach. R. Brandstatt is the Station for Efferding (rail. Stat., see above), one of the most ancient places in Upper Austria, mentioned in the Nibelungen- Lied (21st Adventure) as the place where Kriemhild passed the night on her journey to the land of the Huns. The village is said formerly to have lain on the Danube, but the tower only is now visible. To the left in the distance rises the Pöstlingberg. L. Ottensheim, with its white walls, is conspicuous (rail. Stat., See p. 251). Château of Count Coudenhove. R. Wilhering, a Cistercian abbey (1146), with a pleasant garden. L. Schloss Buchenau. Then the Pöstlingberg (p. 251), crowned with its church and fortifications. R. (7 p.m.) I.inz, see p. 249. 34. From Rosenheim to Eisenstein by Mühldorf and Plattling. The Bavarian Forest. 133 M. RAILwAY in 83/4 hrs. Rosenheim, see p. 170. Soon after starting, the train diverges to the right from the Munich railway and runs to the N., across the plain of the Inn. 51/2 M. Schechen; 10 M. Rott, with an old Bene- dictine abbey on a hill to the left. The line crosses the walley of the Attel on a lofty embankment, passing on the right the ancient pro- vostry of Attel, and at (16 M.) Wasserburg reaches the top of a lofty plateau on the left bank of the Inn. The town of Wasserburg (1640 ft.; Hôtel Schliessleder; 3700 inhab.), a summer-resort, lies 3 M. to the right, on a peninsula formed by the Inn, and is not vis- ible from the railway. • The train passes the Soyer See, or Kitzsee, and (19 M.) Soyen, and skirts the steep slopes of the Nasenbach. Reaching the lofty DEGGEND ORF. 34. Route. 181 left bank of the Inn, we now cross the river, flanked here with wooded heights, at Königswarth, by means of a viaduct 330 yds. long and 164 ft. high. We next descend on the right bank to (25 M.) Gars, opposite which lie the village and monastery of that name. Lower down, on the left bank, is the extensive monastery of Aw. Beyond (281/2 M.) Jettenbach, with a château of Count Törring, the river is again crossed. On the wooded table-land lies the station of (32 M.) Kraiburg (a village on the right bank of the Inn, 3.M. to the E.). The train quits the forest, passes the church and lunatic asylum of Ecksberg on the right, and near (381/2 M.) Mühldorf (p. 172) reaches the Munich railway. The train runs to the N. (to the right the railway to Simbach, p. 172), and crosses the Isen. Beyond (43. M.) Rohrbach it crosses the watershed between the Inn and the Rott, 48 M. Newmarkt an der Rott (1470 ft.), with two late-Gothic churches. FROM NEUMARKT TO PASSAU, 64. M. (branch-railway, 53/4 hrs.). The line skirts the left bank of the Rott. Stations Hörbering, Massing, Dietfurt, (121/2 M.) Eggenfelden. Beyond (211/2 M.) Pfarrkirchen (1250 ft.) the train crosses the Rott. Stations Anzenkirchen, Birnbach, Karpfham. Then (39. M.) Pocking, in the broad valley of the Inn. Next stations Ruhstorf, Sulzbach am Inn, Engertsham, Höhenstadt (with Sulphur-baths), Fürstenzell, Neustift, 6ſ M. Passau, see p. 175. From Wewmarkt to Landshut, see p. 121. Leaving the Rott-Thal 2 M. below Neumarkt, the train runs through a hilly district to (54/2M.) Gangkofen, on the Bina, crosses at (58. M.) Trembach the watershed between the Rott and the Vils, and descends to the Wilsthal. 68 M. Frontenhausen; the village, with an interesting late-Gothic church, lies 11/2 M. to the left. We cross the Wils, ascend the opposite bank, Cross the profound See- graben by a lofty viaduct, and reach the watershed between the Wils and the Isar. 671/2 M. Griesbach; 721/2 M. Mamming, where the Isar is crossed; 75 M. Pilsting, junction for Landshut (p. 121). Then (771/2 M.) Landau; the town, with 3200 inhab., lies 1/2 M. to the S., on the right bank of the Isar. — To Landshut (and Munich), see p. 121. Below Landau the train enters the broad plain of the Danube. Fine glimpse of the nearer hills of the Bavarian Forest, with the distant Arber (p. 183). — 82M. Wallersdorf; 851/2 M. Otzing; 89 M. Plattling, where we cross the Ratisbon and Passau railway (p. 175). Beyond Plattling the line nears the Danube, passing the iso- lated Natternberg with its ruin on the left, and crosses the river by an iron bridge, 440 yds. long. 94 M. Deggendorf (1090 ft.; *Frie- derich, R. 11/2.4. ; Post; Villa Wittelsbach, pension 3.4.; Dasber- gerbräu and Hallerbräu, moderate), a pleasant old-fashioned town with thriving trade and manufactures (6200 inhab.). On the out- skirts of the town is the District Lumatic Asylum. The Geiersberg, 1/2 hr. to the N., with a pilgrimage - church, com- mands a fine view of the valley of the Danube. — Pleasant excursion from Deggendorf by the old post-road, through the valley of the Höl- lenbach, to the (9 M.) beautifully-situated Rusel (2553 ft. ; *Inn), formerly 182 Route 34. GOTTESZELL. From Rosenheim a monastery. Thence on foot through the wood to the (1/2 hr.) *Haus- stein (287.4 ft.), which commands a magnificent view of the plain of the Danube and the distant Alps (Watzmann, Steinernes Meer, Dachstein, etc.). — The road leads from the Rusel through the valley of the Ohebach, past the castle of Au, destroyed last century, to (9 M.) Regen (see below). To the W. of Deggendorf (2/2 M.; diligence twice daily in 1/2 hr.) lies Metten (1055 ft.; Post), a Benedictine abbey with a celebrated school, founded by Charlemagne in 792. *Schloss Egg, seat of Count Hohenthal, */4 M. to the N., has been restored in the mediaeval style by Volz. The railway from Deggendorf to Eisenstein, traversing the Ba- varian Forest, has had many engineering difficulties to encounter. The Bavarian Forest is the S. W. portion of the extensive Bohemian Forest Moºntains, and includes the highest peaks in the range (the Arber 4783 ft., the Rachel 4770 ft.). Nearly one-half of this mountain-region, which is upwards of 1800 sq. M. in area, and lies between the Danubé and the Bohemian frontier, extending from Cham and Furth on the N. to below Passau towards the S., is covered with pine and beech-forest, much of which, especially in the less frequented parts (e. g. the Rachel and Falkenstein), is still in a primeval condition. At Hals (p. 177), Zwie- sel (p. 188), and other places there are traces of glacier-action and mo- raines, indicating that the mountains were once covered with ice. The beautiful dark forest-tarns also owe their origin to ancient glaciers. The timber-trade and cattle-breeding are the chief resources of the natives, but glass, and linen are also manufactured. Snuff, to which they are much addicted, is carried about in little glass bottles made in the district. The line ascends the W. slopes of the Kollbachthal, crosses the valley by an embankment, turns to the S., and reaches (1001/2 M.) Ulrichsberg (1319 ft.). It then skirts the Ulrichsberg (to the right a magnificent view of the plain of the Danube, bounded by the Salz- burg Alps), passes through a curved tunnel, 530 yds. in length, and ascends the Graflinger Thal in long windings. Then through another tunnel, 630 yds. long, to (109. M.) Gotteszell (1805 ft.; Bräuhaus, 1/4 hr, from the station), in the Teissnachthal, with a Cistercian abbey, rebuilt since a fire in 1830. The large village of Ruhmannsfelden (Inn) lies 1/4 M. to the N. — Interesting excursion (8 hrs. ; path indicated by yellow marks) from Gottes- Zell by Taferts'ied, Achslach, and the forester's house of Oedwies (good quart- ers) to the Hirschenstein (3662 ft.), with an extensive view. To the E. of this point is the (*/2 hr.) Rauhe Kolm or Klauenstein, with a fine view to the S. To the N.W. are the Glashüttenriegel (3432 ft.) and the Predigi- stuhl (3556 ft.); in a pretty valley at the foot of the latter lies the village of Engelman’. . 1134/2 M. Triefenried. The line skirts the forest-clad hills of the Teufelstisch (see below), crosses the Ohebach by means of a lofty viaduct, and descends on the left bank of the Schwarze Regen to (1484/2 M.) stat. Regen (1778 ft.), opposite the small town of that name (Post; Oswald; pop. 2200). Diligence daily in 21/2 hrs. to Boden mais, see p. 483. To the S.E. (3/4 hr.) rises Weissenstein am Pfahl (2474 ft.), a ruined castle on a jagged quartz rock, with a restored tower commanding a fine view (custodian to the left of the entrance). — The Pfahl is a broad seam of quartz and hornblende running from S.E. to N.W. for a distance of 60 M. ; it may be conveniently examined in the railway-cutting near the |bridge over the Ohe. . $ From the pleasantly situated village of Bischofsmais (2182 ft. ; *Eder's Brauhaus), 7/2 M. from Regen, attractive excursions may be made to (1 hr.) D. E. R. BAYERISCHE WALD. Maass stab 1:450,000 º 3.” =#| Geograph. Meile -- º a 19 Ki: - º Regensburg - Geograph. Arystalt Yim. Y. Landshut Wagner & Debes. Leipzig to Eisenstein. ARBER. 34. Route. 183 Ober-Breitenau (3491 ft.), the (3/4 hr.) Teufelstisch (2960 ft.), and other points. From Bischofsmais to the Rusel (p. 181) 1/2 hr., to Deggendorf (p. 181) 4/2 hrs. The train crosses the Regen, recrosses it near Schweinhütt by means of a bridge with a span of 236 ft., and regains the right bank at the Poschinger Saw Mill near Zwiesel. 125 M. Zwiesel (1840 ft.; Post; Deutscher Rhein; Bayr. Wald, new), a pleasant little town with 3100 inhab., in a broad basin at the confluence of the Kleine and Grosse Regen, is a good starting- point for excursions in the Bavarian Forest. Near it are the glass- houses of Theresienthal, Ludwigsthal, Ober- Zwieselau, Ober- Frauenau, and Buchenau, and numerous saw-mills. The Zwieselberg (2250 ft.), a hill strewn with blocks of granite, 1/2 hr. to the S., affords a good survey of the environs. The ascent of the *Rachel (4770 ft. ; 4 hrs. ; guide 4./.) is attractive. Carriage-road to (41/2 M.) Ober-Frauenau, with a handsome château of Herr von Poschinger. A rough path ascends thence through beautiful woods to (2/2 hrs.) the barren summit, strewn with blocks of granite. Splendid view of the Bohemian Forest and the plain of the Danube, bounded by the distant Alps. On the S. E. side lies the dark forest-girt “Rachelsee, 1250 ft. below. It may be reached from the top in 3/4 hr. (path indicated by blue marks); and we may then, passing the forester's hut, go by Guglöd and Siebenellen to (3 hrs.) St. Oswald (see below). Or, leaving the forester’s hut on the right (see blue marks), we may return by Weuhütte and (3 hrs.) Klingenbrunn (2693 ft. ; Inn), a high-lying village (1/4 hr. to the W. of which is the Ludwigsstein, 2290 ft., a fine point of view) to Frauenau and (4 hrs.) Zwiesel. From the Rachel we may follow the frontier line to the E. (black marks; but as this route is monotonous, it is better to follow the white marks, running on the hill-side above the lake and past the chapel, and to descend to the right through the wood and cross the Zwölferlinie, about 5 hrs. in all) to the (41/2 hrs.) Lusen (4503 ft.), the granite-strewn summit of which also commands a superb view. Descent by the Waldhäuser (Inn) to (2 hrs.) St. Oswald (2650 ft. ; *Bräuhaus), once a monastery, beautifully situated ("view from the “gloriette”), whence we may proceed by Reichenberg to (21/2 hrs.) Klingenbrunn (see above). — To the S.W. of St. Oswald lies the (41/2 M.) little town of Grafenau (2011 ft. : Meindl : Bräuhaus Dresely), near which are the Bärnsteinerleite, a wooded gorge through which the Kleine Ohe dashes, and the ruin of Bärnstein (open-air restaur.). From Grafenau to Hohenau (p. 179), 5 M. (railway being made). A good road leads N.W. from Zwiesel to Klautzenbach and (3 M.) Rabenstein (2248 ft.; *Villa Rabenstein, pension 3-4./., prettily situated), and thence through splendid timber, past the quarry on the Hühnerkobel (beautiful rose-coloured quartz) and over Schönebene, to (8 M.) Bodenmais (2268 ft. ; Post; Dresely’s Bräuhaus, with R.), pleasantly situated on a hill. Opposite rises the red Silberberg, composed of a kind of slag, with its in- dented peak called the Bischofshaube (“mitre’; 3436 ft.). Vitriol and red polishing powder are made from the ore obtained here. Rare minerals &I’6 sºund (good collection at the overseer's house). Diligence to Regen, See p. 182. The “Arber (4783 ft.), the “King of the Forest’, is easily ascended from Bodenmais in 2/2-3 hrs. (guide, unnecessary, 4 A. ; to the Arber and Sommerau 6.4.). The path leads through the Riesloch, a ravine with small waterfalls. (Attractive digression of 1/2 hr. from the upper end of this gorge to the Rechensöldenfelsen, with pretty views of the valley and of Bodenmais.) On the bare rock-strewn summit of the Arber stand a chapel and the Arber-Schutzhaus (Inn, 13 mattresses in 3 rooms, 1./. ; food dear). Superb view of a great part of Bohemia to the E., the Fichtelgebirge to the W., and in clear weather the Alps to the S. On the E. side, far be- low, lies the sombre Grosse Arbersee (3064 ft. ; Refreshmts., dear), sur- rounded with wood. Descent to the frontier-station Eisenstein (see p. 484) 184 Route 34. EISENSTEIN. either by the Oberthurnhof, the Brennerbauer, and Bayrisch - Eisenstein in 3 hrs., or past the lake and through the Seebachwald in 2 hrs. The excursion to the Arber may be agreeably extended thus. Descend the Arber, leaving the Kleine Arbersee below to the left, by (3/4 hr.) Moos- hiitten, to (1 hr.) Sommerau (Inn) on the Weisse Regen, and thence go to the right to (1/2 hr.) Lohberg (*Kellermaier), a village with a richly de- corated Romanesque church, a good centre for excursions. Thence along the base of the Osser (see below) to (1 hr.) Lam (1896 ft.; Post), a large village prettily situated on the Weisse Regen, the valley of which (‘Lamer Winkel') seems to be closed by the Hohe Bogen (p. 174); and on foot (with guide) across the Scharrebene, through beautiful woods, back to (4!/2 hrs.) Bodenmais. – From Lam to Furth see p. 174. [FROM LOHBERG (see above) To EISENSTEIN ACROSS THE OSSER, 6-7 hrs., a beautiful walk. A distinct path (indicated by red marks), steep at places, ascends in 2 hrs. to the saddle between the Little or Bavarian Osser (4075 ft.) on the leſt, and the Great or Bohemian Osser (4210 ft.) on the right, and then to the top of the latter. The view is bounded by the Arber chain on the S., but is open towards the N. We next follow the bridle-path (direction-boards) to the E. to the (1/2 hr.) Gitelplatz (3120 ft.), whither also a route leads direct in 11/2 hr. from Lohberg, diverging from the Osser route to the right (guide-post “Zum Schwarzen See"), and cross- ing the Sesselplatz (3696 ft.). Then through wood (below, to the left, the glass-work Müllerhiitte) to the (11/2 hr.) Schwarze See (3310 ft.; also called Bistritzer or Böhmische See), 90 acres in area, in grand solitude. The open pavilion on the lake belongs to Prince Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, who also caused the bridle-path from the Osser to be constructed. From the end of the lake we ascend to the right (a path soon diverges to the right to the Seewand and the Gloriett, see below), and then to the left, across the watershed between the Elbe and the Danube, and round the (1 hr.) gloomy Teufelssee or Girglsee (3380 ft.); then, on the same level, we pass the Berg- haus, and lastly descend to the glass-works of Elisenthal (interesting) and the (11/4 hr.) railway-station of Eisenstein. Or, from the end of the lake, we may go to the left to the (1/2 hr.) Seefórster (Inn), and then cross the Spitzberg-Sattel (Pens. Prokop, fine view) to the (11/2 hr.) station of Spitzberg (p. 310), 1/4 hr. by train from Eisenstein.] Above Zwiesel the train again crosses the Regen, and then the Kolbersbach by a lofty viaduct. 128 M. Ludwigsthal, with glass- works. The line ascends the left bank of the Regen, running parallel with the road to Bohemia and passing many glass and smelting houses, and reaches the Bavarian and Bohemian frontier- station (138 M.) Eisenstein (2262 ft.; *Rail. Restaur., with rooms), where we have a fine view of the Arber to the W. (see above). To the W. lies the village of (1/2 M.) Bayrisch - Eisenstein (Bräuhaus, with garden, but no beds; Oberst, rustic), and 1/2 M. to the N. is the Bohemian Markt-Eisenstein (2540 ſt. ; Osser; Arber; Böhmer-Wald), prettily situated at the confluence of the Regen and the Eisenbach. — Pleasant ex- cursion to the W. from the frontier-station, past the Elisenthal glass-house and through the valley of the Büchelbach, to the top of the (13/4 hr.) Scheiben (3450 ft.), which commands a splendid view of the mountains (to the right is the Seewand, see below, ascended hence by a steep path in 1 hr.); another, to the S., to the Grosse Tanne (a large fir-tree, 6'ſz ft. in dia- meter); and a third, to the E., to (1/2 hr.) Deffernik, the (1/4 hr.) Zwieseler Waldhaus (Inn; to Zwiesel 2 hrs.), and thence to (1/2 hr.) the summit of the Grosse Falkenstein (4316 ft.). To the (1/2 hr.) Arber-See, and ascent of the (1/2 hr.) Arber, see p. 183. — The ascent of the Seewand (4406 ft.) from Markt-Eisenstein makes another interesting expedition (2}/2 hrs. ; belve- dere at the top); descent to the (1 hr.) romantic Schwarze See (see above), From Eisenstein to Pilsen, see p. 310 + - gº - W I º N N A + ºf ++ 2. 1 : 20,000 z. - - * Yards 2% § - * 9. 100 200 º” +00 300 600 Mètres º --- % % Ž 4. % º Mºš ſ º ſº & % % Ø º % % % % % % % % % "eograph Anstalt von Wagner & behes, Leipzig A USTRIA, 35. Vienna. Arrival. Vienna possesses 7 RAILWAY STATIONs (commected with each other by a loop-line). Northern (“Kaiser-Ferdinands–Nordbahn’; Pl. 6, F, 2) near the Praterstern (R. 51). Worth-Western (P.I. 6a, E, 1 ; R. 50) in the Leopoldstadt, II. Tabor-Linie. Southern (“Südbahn’; Pl. 10, E, 7; R.R. 36, 40, 41) and ‘Staatsbahn" (P1.9, E, 7; R.R. 51,56, 57) outside the Favoriten- and Belvedere-Linie. Western (“Kaiserin-Elisabeth-Westbahn’; Pl. 7, A, 5), outside the Mariahilf-Linie (R. 37). Franz-Josefs, Alsergrund (Pl. 8, C, 1; R.R. 49, 51). Wien-Aspanger Bahn (p.264), III. St. Marxer Linie (Pl. F., 6). A slight custom-house examination takes place at the Northern, North-Western, and Western Stations. Travellers arriving by railway should at once secure a cab (p. 189) or a seat in the hotel-omnibus, if there is one. The public omnibuses are not available for passengers with luggage. — STEAM:- BoAT-PASSENGERS are conveyed by Small steamers on the canal to the Stefaniebrücke, or to the steamboat-offices (p. 190), where cabs are in waiting. — Porters, see p. 192. Hotels. Interior of the City (I. ; see plan, p. 196): *HôTEL IMPERIAL (Pl. a ; D, 5), Kärntner-Ring 16; GRAND HôTEL (P1, b : D,4), Kärntner-Ring 9; *HôTEL MāTRoPolº (PI. c.; D, 3), Franz-Josefs-Quai 19; HôTEL DE FRANCE (Pl. d: D., 3), Schotten-Ring 3; SACHER's HôTEL DE L'OPERA (P1.x; D, 4), Augustiner- Str. 4, behind the Opera-house; *HöTEL MUNSCH (No. 28; Pl. e), ERzHERzog CARL (31; Pl.: f), *HôTELMEISSL & SCHADEN (24; Pl. g), all in the Kärntner-Str. (Pl. D, 4); *STADT FRANKFURT (P.I. h), *MATSCHAKERHoF (Pl. i.), both in the Seilergasse (PI. D, 4; Nos. 14, 6); *KAISERIN ELISABETH (P1, k; D, 4), Weihburggasse 3; *OESTERREIGHIscher HoF (Pl. m. ; E, 3), corner of the Fleischmarkt and the Rothenthurm-Str.: *BAUER's HôTEL Roy AL (Pl. y ; D, A), Singer-Str. 3; *HôTEL MüLLER (Pl. 1; D, 3), Graben 19 ; *KöNIG von UNGARN (Pl. s : E, 4), Schuler-Str. 10, by the Stephans-Platz; HöTEL WANDL (Pl. n; D, 3), Petersplatz ; “Go DNE ENTE, Schuler-Str. 22; HôT. RoNACHER, Seilerstätte 9; CITY Hotel, , Rothenthurm-Str. 24, by the quay; HôT. Kor, BE, Kärntner Ring, Pestalozzigasse 4. — Second-class : *STADT LoNDON (Pl. of E, 8), Fleischmarkt 22; HôTEL KLoMSER (P1. p 3 D, 3), Herrengasse 19; UNGARISCHE KRONE (P1. q ; D, 4), Himmelpfortgasse 14; WEISSER Wolf (Pl. r. E., 3), Wolfengasse 3; RABL, Fleischmarkt 46. – Hôtels Garmis: *HôTEL TEGETTHoFF (Pl. v.; E, 4), Verlängerte Johannesgasse 23, with café, pleasant and quiet, R. from 2 ſl., A. 40, B. 25 kr.; others at Pestalozzigasse 6, Wallfischgasse 11, Neubadgasse 4, Seiler-Str. 11, etc. (Pensions, see p. 186). Suburbs. II. Leopoldstadt (to the N. E., beyond the Danube Canal, near the N. and N.W. railway-stations): *HôTEL CONTINENTAL (formerly Goldnes Lamm ; Pl. a ; E, 3), Prater-Str. 7, R., L., & A. 90 kr. to 1 fl. 40 kr.: *HôTEL DE L'EUROPE (Pl. b), Asperngasse 2; *KRONPRINz von OESTERREICH (Pl. c), Aspern- gasse 4 and 6; *WEISSEs Ross (P1, r3 E, 3), Tabor-Str. 8; *GRAND-HôTEL NATIONAL (Pl. s ; E, 3), Tabor-Str. 18. — Second-class: STEFANIE (formerly Schröder; Pl. e5 E, 3), Tabor-Str. 12; NordBAHN-HôTEL (PI. d: F, 2), Prater-Str. 72, near the Northern Railway Station; HôTEL DU Nord (PI. f; E, 2), Kaiser-Josef-Str. 15; KAISERKRoNE (Pl. g; E, 3), Circusgasse 3 (frequented by Jews); BAYRISCHER HOF (P1. k), SCHwARzER ADLER (Pl. 1), NQRDw ESTBAHN (P1. m), GoIDNER PFAU (P1, n), *ZUM GoLD. BRUNNEN, and HôT. DoNAU, all in the Tabor-Str. (Pl. E, 2, 3; Nos. 39, 11, 47, 10, 20 and 49); HôTEL GARNI ATHENEs (Pl, p), Pratér-Str. 36; DEUTSCHER HoF (PI. g; E, F, 2), Grosse Stadtgutgasse 23. – III. Landstrasse (to the E.): HóTEL HUNGARIA (Pl. a ; F, 3), Prager-Strasse 13; GoldNE BIRN (PI. b) and RotRER T- 13 186 Route 35. VIENNA Restaurants. HAHN (PI. d), in the Haupt-Str. (31, 40); HöTEL NAGLER, Rennweg 59; GoLDSPINNERUN, Ungargasse 2; GOLDNER ADLER (Pl. 6; F, 3), Radetzky- Str. 5. – IV. Wieden (S. side): *HôTEL VICTORIA (Pl. f; D, 5), Favoriten- Str. 11; GoLDNEs KREUZ (P1, g), “GOLDNES LAMM (Pl. 3), STADT CEDENBURG (PI. K), *STADT TRIEST (Pl. I), ZILLINGER (Pl. m), all in the Haupt-Str. (PI. D, 5; Nos. 20, 7, 9, 14, 25); HöT. RANFTL, Favoriten-Str. 58 (unpretend- ing). — VI. Mariahilf (S.W. side): ENGLISCHER HOF (P1, n); B, 2), HöTEL KUMMER (P.I. of C, 5), “GoLDNEs KREUz (P1, p ; B, 5), all in the Mariahilfer Haupt-Str. (Nos. 81, 71a, 99). — VII. Neubau (W. side); *HôTEL HöLLER (Pl. 2; C, 4), Burggasse 2, with good restaurant. — VIII. Josefstadt (W. side); *HôTEL HAMMERAND (Pl. 3; C, 3), Florianigasse 8, near the Burgring. — IX. Alsergrund (N.W. side): *HôT. BELLEVUE, Althangasse 7, by the Franz-Josefs-Station; *UNION (P1, w; C, 1), Nussdorfer-Str. 23. — XIV. Rudolfsheim : ScHwæNDER (P1. a, ; A, 6), Schönbrunner-Str. 3. — XV. Fünf- haus: FUCHs (Pl. v.; A, 5, 6), Schönbrunner-Str. 12; HolzwarTH (Pl, w; A, 6), Schönbrunner-Str. 28; WIMBERGER, Fünfhauser Neubau-Gürtel 34; HôT. LAND GRAF, Neu-Fünfbaus, Michaelsgasse 2. — XVII. Hernals; STADT FRANKFURT, Ottakringer-Str. 7; HERNALSER HOF, Gürtel-Str. and Veronika- gasse 2. — XIX. Döbling: ZöGERNITZ’s CASINo (p. 191), SCHWARZER ADLER (No. 88), both in the Haupt-Str., near the tramway-terminus. CHARGEs at the first-class hotels: R. 1 fl. and upwards, L. 50-60 kr., A. A0-50 kr., small portion of coffee and bread 50-90 kr. ; at the smaller hotels and those in the suburbs about one-fourth less. It is sometimes advisable to ask charges beforehand. The table d’hôte system is in vogue at few of the Vienna hotels; but the traveller may dine at any hour à la carte or & pºia, fiase (2-2)/2 ſl. and upwards). Most of the hotels have restaurants on the ground-floor, where the carte is the same, but the charges are lower. For a long stay visitors are received en pension. FEEs usual at the principal hotels: Chambermaid for 3-4 days /2 fl., for a week 1 fl. 5 boots 20 kr, per day, 1 fl. per week; porter for carrying luggage to and from the cab 20-40 kr, ; waiters at each meal 5-20 kr. (5 per cent of the bill); portier or concierge 50 kr. — Where service is charged in the bill, only the ‘portier", boots, and porter expect gratuities. Pensions: Fraw Schwab, IX. Wasagasse 11; Frau Lejeune, IX. Maximi- lians-Platz 4 & 5; Frau Fischer, I. Landesgerichts-Str. 18; Frau Számwald, IX. Hörlgasse 4; Frau Mrazek, I. Universitäts-Str. 12 (entrance Schwarz- spanier-Str. 1); Frau Banfort, same street 6; Mrs. Tatlock, id., 8; Fraw Adele Koch, IX. Garelligasse 3 (beginning of Alser-Str.); Frau v. Müller, IX. Türken-Str. 4; Fraw Pohl, I. Rathhaus-Str. 20, etc. Private Apartments to be had in every part of the town, from 20 fl. per month upwards, preferable to a hotel for a prolonged stay. Applica- tion may be made to the Wohnungs-Bureau, Kärntner-Ring 3. The “Haus- meister", who opens the door at night, receives a fee of 10 kr. (20-30 kr. for a party, or when the hour is very late). Restaurants (dinner-hour 12-5, supper after 7). Besides the above- mentioned hotels : *Breying, Graben 19; Lang (Tucherbräu), Brauer, and Zwierschütz (Kaiserhof), all in the Reichsrath-Str. (Nos, 15, 3, 19); *E. Sacher, Augustiner-Str. 4 and in the Prater (Constantinhügel), D. from 3 fl. ; *Leidinger, Verläng. Kärntner-Str. 61, by the Elisabethbrücke; *Jos. Schneider (with concert-rooms), Schottenbastei 3; *Rother Igel, Wildpret- markt 3, with entrance from the Tuchlauben ; Winternitz, Adlergasse 1 ; * Goldne Kugel, am Hof 11; Zum Centralbad, Weihburggasse 20; Kastner (Zum Magistrat), Lichtenfelsgasse 3; Rothes Rössl., IV. Hauptstr. 81; Zum Weingarten, VI. Getreidemarkt 5, near the Theater an der Wien; Zum Riedhof, VIII. Wickenburggasse 15. — Refreshment-rooms at the N., N.W., W., the Franz-Joseph’s, the Aspang, the S., and the ‘Staats’ railway-stations. – Beer (generally excellent; ‘krügel' = 1/2 litre ; “seidel”, or glass = 1/3 litre : “schnitt' = 1/2 krügel; “pfiff’ = 1/2 seidel) at the following houses: *Zur Grossen Tabakspfeife, Goldschmiedgasse 9, by the Stefans-Platz; *Michaeler Bierhaus, Michaeler-Platz 6; Zum Lothringer, Kohlmarkt 24; Wieninger, Naglergasse 1, near the Graben (also good wine; D. from 1 fl.); Zum. Alten Kiihfuss, Tuchlauben 10; Fiedler, Kärntner-Str. 35; *Drei Raben, Raben. Key to the Plan of Vienna. 1. Academy . D, 5 1a. Anatomical Insti- tute . C, 2 2. Arsenal . F, 7 Baths. 3. Dianabad . E, 3 4. Sophienbad . F, 3 4a. Roman Bath F, 2 5. Kaiserbad . D, 2 5a. Margarethenb. C, 6 Railway Stations. 6. Northern Rail. F, 2 6a. North-Western E, 1 7. Western A, 5 8. Franz-Joseph Railway . B, C, 1 9. Staatsbahn E, 7 10. Southern . E, 7 10a. Aspang Rail. F, 6 11. Blind Asylum B, 3 11a. Exchange . . D, 3 12. Botan. Garden E, 6 13. Burg . . . D, 4 14. Burgthor C, D, 4 Barracks. 15. Artillery ... F, G, 6 16. Cavalry B, 3; D, 1 17. Franz-Joseph E, 3 18. Train . D, 6; E, 5 19. Guards . E, 5 20. Rudolph D, 2 21. Heumarkt E, 5 22. Burgwache . C, 5 23. Infantry (with Mili- tary School) C,3; C, 5 24. Cavalry School F, 5 24a. Chem. Labor. C, 3 25. Credit-Anstalt D, 3 26. Criminal Court C, 3 27. Steamb. Station F, 3 Monuments. 28. Trinity Column D, 3 29. Marian Column D, 3 30. Emp. Francis I. D, 4 31. - Francis II. D, A 32. - Joseph II. D. A 33. Archduke Charles . D, 4 34. Prince Eugene of Savoy . D, 4 34a. Ressel . . . D, 5 34b. Prince Schwar- Zenberg D, 5 34c. Tegetthoff . F. 2 35. Horticult. Society E,4 35a. Commander- in-chief ... . . 36. Geol. Institution 37. Musical Society 37a. Academ. Gym- masium . . . 38. Commercial Academy . . 39. Heinrichshof . 40. Imper-Printing Office 41. 42. 43. * 2: 2 2 Hospital of In- valids . E, Lunatic Asylum Josephinum ; 7 Churches. . Altlerchenfeld . Garrison - . St. Anna's . Augustine . St. Barbara's . Capuchin . 50. St. Charles's 50a. St. Elizabeth's 51. Protestant 52. Greek . . . 53. Gumpendorf . 54. Heilandskirche 55. St. John the Baptist's 56. St. John's 57. Lutheran . 58. Maria-Stiegen 59. St. Michael’s 60. Minorites . 60a. St. Peter’s . 61. Salvator (Rath- haus) . . . 62. Schottenkirche 63. St. Stephen's Cathedral 63a. Weissgårber 64. Hospital, Gen- eral . . . 65. —, Wieden 65a. Künstlerhaus 65b. Central Market Hall . . . 65c. Retail Market 66. Custom House 67. Mil. Geogr. In- stitution 68. Mint . . . . Museums, Im- perial . . . . 2 i : E º . 7. . 2 2 C 2 i . 2 . . º C, Palaces. 69. Archduke Albert D, 4 69a, - Lewis Victor D, 5 69b. Archd. Wm. 70. Belvedere 71. Auersperg 72. Coburg D, 73. Dietrichstein 73a. Archiepiscopal 74. Liechtenstein 7 ; 2 D, i º ; 2 74a. Pallavicini'. 75. Schwarzenberg 76. Police Office 77. Polytech. Inst. 78. Post Office . 80. Rathhaus Gollections. . Albertina . Ambras, in the Imp. Art Mu- Sell IſlS . Kunstverein . Czernin & Imp. Picture Gall. , in the Art Museum . Harrach º 88. Liechtenstein 90. Museum of Art and Industry 90a. Handels- Museum . . 91. Schönborn Gal- lery . . . . . Abattoirs B, 6; . Prot. School . . Milit. Hospital . Stables, Imp. . . Synagogue . . Deaf and Dumb Asylum . . . 97a. Teleg. Office . º D, 4 2 84. 85. ; ; 2 2 ; 87. § }E,;D,D,D, º Theatres. 98. Hofburg Theatr D 99. Opera . . . D, 100. Stadt-Theater E. 101. An der Wien D, 5 102. Carl-Theater E, 3 103. Josephstadt. C, 3 110. Volkstheater C, 4 104. Theresianum D, 6 105. Veterinary In- stitution . . E, 106. University 107. Volksgarten . 408. 2 4. 4. 4. 3. 2 C. 3 C. 4 C, 2 D Qrphan Asylum G, . {09. , 3 Arsenal, Civic 188 Route 35. VIENNA. Cafés, platz 1 and Rothgasse 12; Alter Blumenstock, Ballgasse 6: * Lehnen" (Zur Linde ; handsome room ; garden), Rothenthurm-Str. 12; Winterbierhaus, Landskrongasse 3: Stadt Brünn, Augustiner-Str. 12; Protiviner Bierhalle, Wallner-Str. 2; Bazar, Seitzergasse 6. — The following are in or near the Ring-Str.: *Dreher, Operngasse 8 (D. from 11|2 fl.); Gause, Johannesgasse 12; Witthalm, Kärntner-Ring 10; Leber, Babenberger-Str. 5; Wieninger, Universitäts-Str. 9; Bellaria, Bellaria-Str. 12; Krischke, Kolow rat-Ring 1; Gartenbaugesellschaft, Weihburggasse 29; Högelsberger, Schottengasse 4; Kührer, Schottenring 3; Hernfeld, Franz-Josefs - Quai 23; Alf-Pilsenetzer Bierhalle, Währinger-Str. 1 (by the Votivkirche); Wiebauer, in the Au- garten (p. 229). — Bavarian beer: *Spatenbräu, I. Augustiner-Str. 8; *Pschorr- bräu, I. Jasomirgott-Str. 3 & 4 (Opp. St. Stephen's); Löwenbräu, Franzens- Ring, behind the new Burgtheater; Tucherbräu, I. Reichsrath-Str. 15; Ans- bacher Bierhalle, VI. Mariahilfer-Str. 1a. — Bees-Gardens in the suburbs: . Dreher's, Landstrasse, Haupt-Str. 97; Sibler, Landstrasse, Ungargasse 52; 20tel's, Lerchenfelder Gürtel 55; Pilsener Bierquelle, Oberdöbling, Nuss- dorfer. Str. 37; Sulke, in the Türkenschanz-Park, Währing. Some of the Viennese dishes have curious names: e. g. ‘Gulias’, Hungarian baked meat, peppered; “Papricahähnel', fowl prepared in a similar way: “Jungfernbraten”, roast pork with juniper-berries; “Marine- Braten”, “Ofemer Braten’, ‘Husaren-Braten", varieties of stewed beef; “Fisolem’, beans; ‘Carviol”, cauliflower; “Kren’, horse-radish: ‘Aspic', jelly; ‘Risibisi', rice and peas; “Minestra”, soup with rice and cauliflower; ‘Beuschel', calves' lungs in vinegar; "Junges Wild’, ragout and entrails of game, etc.; ‘Kaiserſleisch', smoked sucking pig; “Krenfleisch’, stewed pork with horse- radish ; “Frankfurter', small smoked sausages (one of such, “Einspänner"). Wine. *E. Sacher, Augustiner-Str. 4; *Schneider, Rothenthurm-Str. 31; *Stefanskeller, Stefans-Platz 2 (D. from 3 fl.); Zur Schnecke (old-German room), Petersplatz ; Streitberger, Kölnerhofgasse 2; Zett, Am Hof and Raben- platz; Drei Laufer, I. Kohlmarkt 26; Zum Kameel, I. Bognergasse 5. These are also restaurants. Tommasoni (Dalmatian and Tyrolese wines), Wollzeile 12, for luncheons only. — The best white Austrian wines are Weidlinger, Gumpoldskirchener, Vöslauer, Retzer, and Mailberger; the best red is Vöslauer. White Hungarian wines: Ruster, Neszmelyer, Szegszarder, Schomlauer, Tokayer; red, Erlauer, Ofemer and Carlowitzer. Cheapest Hun- garian wine at the Esterhazy-Keller (in the Haarhof), open 11-1 and 5-7 o'clock, frequented by all classes, although dark and uninviting; also at the Schottenhof. Dalmatian wine at the Keller, Naglergasse 18 (9-11 and 4-9). Spanish wines at the Bodegas, Kärntner-Ring 14 and Kolowrat-Ring 14. Pure natural wines at the Göttweiger Keller, Spiegelgasse 9; Heiligenkreuzer Åellerei, Schönlaterngasse 5: Braun, Judenplatz 8; Höllrigl (Zum Hirschen), Hernals, Hauptstr. 18; Berger, at Grinzing (p. 244). — The Viennese gener- ally drink their wine mixed with soda-water (syphon 10-20 kr.). “Ein Ach- tel gespritzt’ means 1/s litre of table-wine with 1/3 litre of soda-water; ‘doppelt' or ‘voll gespritzt" means with twice the quantity of soda-water. Cafés. Very numerous; all open till 2 or 3 a.m.; a few only are given here. *Café de l’Europe, Stefans-Platz 8; *Schrang!, Graben 29; Wortner, Goldschmiedgasse 8; Pucher, Kohlmarkt 10; Griensteidl, Schaufler- gasse 2; Korb, Tuchlauben 11; *Central, corner of Herrengasse and Strauch- gasse; Schliritzauer, Neuer Markt 4 and Kärntner-Str. 24; Café de l'Opéra, Bauer, Bock, all in the Opern-Ring (Nos. 4, 3, 23); *Scheidl, Kärntner-Str. 49; Corso, Impérial, Kremser, Sperrer, all in the Kärntner-Ring (Nos. 2, 16, 8, 7); Ferlès, Kolow rat-Ring 2; Schüsswald, Katzmayr, Park-Ring (2, 10); Ronacher, Aula, Universität, Landtmann, Franzens-Ring (Nos. 24, 20, 18, 14); “Arcaden-Café, Grillparzer, Kaiserhof, Auböck, all in the Reichsrath- Str. (31, 25, 23, 11); Maximilian, International, Universitäts-Str. (4, 11); Machanek, Bellaria-Str. 8; Café de France, Mayer, Wögerer, Mendl, Schüss- wald, Lloyd, Schotten-Ring (4, 9, 12, 13, 18, 19); Plecher, Residenz, Franz- Josefs-Quai (31, 17). — The cafés in the Volksgarten (pp. 191, 201) and Stadtpark (the Cursalon, much frequented on summer-evenings; concerts in winter on Sun. and Thurs.). — At Leopoldstadt: Stierbäck, Bauer, Donau, Licht, Schmidt, all in the Prater-Str. (Nos. 6, 8, 10, 50, 65). — At Land- Omnibuses. VIENNA. 3 . Route. 189 strasse: Sedlaczek, Hauptstr. 17. — At Wieden: Kress, Favoriten-Str. 1 Jungwirth, Margarethen-Str. 7; Aichinger, Hauptstr. 11. — At Mariahilf: Pedretti, Marschall, Gabesam, Hauptstr. (1 B, 22, 84). — At Josefstadt : Korb, Florianigasse 2. — Also many Coffee and Milk Rooms, which ladies also may visit: Guntramsdorfer, corner of Weihburg- and Schelling-Gasse ; First Schwarzenberg, Himmelpfort- and Schelling-Gasse; Wiener Molkerei, Wollzeile 26; Tirolerhof (owned by Prince Wrede), I. Führichgasse 8; Jouise Jesovits, I. Schauflergasse 6. — Glass or cup of coffee 12-20 kr. Uwith milk, “melange”; with more coffee than milk, “Capuziner'; with more milk, “mehr weiss"); rolls 2 kr. each ; waiter (“Zahlmarqueur’) 2-5 kr. — Ices (20-30 kr.) to be had at most of the cafés. Gonfectioners. “Demel, Kohlmarkt 18, ices (‘Gefronnes") of every kind (‘Ribisel', currant; “Weinscharl', barberry; “Dierndln', cherry; “Agras’, gooseberry; “Marillen', apricot; ‘Obers’, cream; ‘Schmankerl’ resembles vanilla-ice); *Gerstner, Kärntner-Str. 12 (bonbons, etc.); Grad!, Bogner- gasse 11; *Ehrlich, Rothenthurm-Str. 22; *Schelle, Kärntner-Ring 53; Gri- ninger, Opernring 9; Lehmann, I. Singer-Str. 1; Pischinger, Kärntner-Str. 42; Gºfronner, Kolowrat-Ring 14 and Tuchlauben 23; Darthe, Reichrath- Str. 15; Ullmann's Söhne, Sechshaus, Haupt-Str. 19. Chocolate: Jordan & Timäus, Freisingergasse 6; Cabos, Kärtner-Str. 27, etc. Cabs. The following charges are from the TARIFF of 1874. Ordinary fares from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. (at night one-half more). One-horse cab º 1-3 pers. ; two-horse (‘Fiaker') 1-4 persons. Driver expects small 'ee extra. . Within the Lines (Prater excepted), one-horse, first One-h.|Two-h. . 1/4 hr. 50 kr. fl. Kr. fl. kr. First /2 hr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . — 60 l 1 — Each /4 hr. (or, for 2-h., each /2 hr.) more . . . . . . . . — 20 ! — 50 To or from the Rail. Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 — | 1 50 sº tº * * - - at night . . . . . . . . . . . 1 30 2 50 Box Or portmanteau, each . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . – 30 — 40 To the Prater as far as the Baths and the second ‘Rondeau’; to the Arsenal, Gaudenzdorf, Meidling, Fünfba.us, Sechs- haus, Rudolfsheim, Neu-Lerchenfeld, Ottakring, Hernals, Währing, Weinhaus, Ober-Döbling, Simmering . . . . . 1 20 ! 2 – To Schönbrunn, Hietzing, Penzing, Dornbach, Gersthof, |Unter-Döbling, Zwischenbrücken . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 60 2 50 To Hetzendorf, Neuwaldegg, Grinzing, Lainz, Speising, St. Veit, Hacking, Baumgarten, Breitensee, Altmanns- dorf, Pötzleinsdorf, Heiligenstadt, Central Cemetery, Nussdorf, Floridsdorf, Sievering, Lusthaus, Freudenau, Steamboat-quay in the Prater . . . . . o e e < * , p * * * * * 2 20 || 3 — Waiting and return-drive, per 1/4 hr. . . . . . . . . . . . . — 20 º - * - per '/2 hr. . . . . . . . . . . . . — 50 Omnibuses (English Co.) run from the inner city through the main Streets of the outer quarters to the suburbs of Döbling, Hietzing, Weinhaus, etc.; their central station is the Stefans-Platz. Charges, reckoned according to three zones: (1) as far as the Ring-Str., (2) to the Linienwall (toll-gate), (3) to the suburbs. Trip through one zone 6, through two in succession 9, through all three 12 kr. Eacpress Omnibuses (15 kr.) also run every 5 or 10 min. from the Stefans-Platz to the railway stations. Omnibuses and private carriages with two or four horses may be had for excursions or by the day. Travellers wishing to have an omnibus (3-4 fl.) to meet them at the rail- way station on their arrival in Vienna should telegraph to the manager of the Omnibus Company, Stefans-Platz8. — Stands: for the Arsenal (12 kr.), Stefans-Pl.: Central Cemetery (20 kr.), Wollzeile 37; Döbling (in Iſz hr., 12 kr.), Freyung, Am Hof, and Wieden Haupt- Str. 52; Dornbach (3/4 hr., 20 kr.), Am Hof; Gersthof (20 kr.), Wipplinger-Str. 5 Grinzing (3/4 hr., 20 kr.), Hof; Heiligenstadt (15 kr.), Hof; Hietzing (and Schön- brunn; 15 kr., after 10 p.m. 20 kr.), Neuer Markt, Peter, Stefans-Platz; Meidling (12 kr.), Stefans - Platz and Praterstern (15 kr.); Neu!erchen- jeld (12 kr.), Stefans-Platz; Neu-Waldegg (1 hr., 20 kr.), Hof; Wussdorf 190 Route 35. VIENNA. Theatre.8. (26 kr.), Hof; Ottakring (12 kr.), Hof; Penzing (/2 hr., 15 kr.), Hoher Markt and Praterstern (20 kr.); Schönbrunn (same as Hietzing); Sievering (25 kr.), Hof; Währing, Weinhaus, and Cottage-Verein (12 kr.), Hohenstaufen- gasse and Praterstern. The omnibuses begin running at 6 a.m. (in winter 7 a.m.), and cease at 10 p.m. (in winter 9 p.m.). Smoking-coupés are provided. Tramway round the interior of the city, by the Ring-Strasse and the Franz-Josefs-Quai (8 kr.); also across the Aspernbrücke, to the Pratersterm (N. and N.W. Railway Stations), and thence in one direction to the Municipal Baths and in another to the Lagerhaus (8 kr.). Also to Döbling, Hernals, Fünfbaus, Rudolfsheim, Simmering, Währing, Weinhaus (fare 10 kr.). To Penzing and Dornbach £5 kr. (from Ring-Str. 12 kr., from the Mariahilf and Hernals Lines 10 kr.). To the Central Cemetery from the St. Marxer Lime (10 kr.). Outside the Lines, 6 kr. — If the car does not go direct to the passenger's destination, he may obtain a ‘correspondence’ ticket, entitling him to change cars within an hour. The conductor will indicate the points where the routes cross each other. A blue lamp on a car signifies that it is the last for the day on that route. — The cars of the New Tram- way Company ply on the Gürtel-Strasse, outside the Lines, from the Meid- ling Station to Döbling every 5-7 min. (40 kr.). Branch-lines diverge from the Neulerchenfeld-Linie to Alt-Ottakring; from the Westbahn-Linie to Breitensee; from the Währinger Linie to the Schotten-Ring ; also from the Opernring to the Meidlinger Station, from Gaudenzhof (Hundsthurmer Linie) to Wiener-Neudorf, and from the Schotten-Ring to Nussdorf. Steam Tramway from the Stefanie-Brücke to the Marchfeld, through Floridsdorf (p. 324), forking to Stammersdorf, and to Aspern, Essling, and Gross-Enzersdorf. Also from the Schönbrunner-Linie to Schönbrunn, Hietz- ing, Lainz, Speising, Mauer, Kalksburg, Rodawn, Perchtoldsdorf, Brunn, Maria-Enzersdorf, and Mödling (with a short branch from Hietzing to St. Veit). A third line from Gaudenzdorf (Schönbrunner or Hundsthurmer Linie) to Meidling and Wiener-Weudorf (E. of Mödling). Loop Line from the Praterstern (with stations at liaupt-Zollamt, Renn- weg, Arsenal, Favoriten) to Meidling, where it joins the Südbahn; then, diverging again, it runs by Hetzendorf, Speising, Lainz, and St. Veit, to Baumgarten and to Hütteldorf-Hacking on the Westbahn. Steamboats. Office on the Danube Canal, beyond the Radetzky Bridge, Dampfschiff-Str. 2 (Pl. IF, 3). As the larger steamers cannot enter the canal, passengers are conveyed to them by small steamboats. Those for Linz (R. 38) start from the Stefanie Bridge, by the Franz-Josefs - Quai (whence the local boats to Nussdorf and Kahlenbergerdorf also start); those for Budapest (R. 54) from a quay near the steamboat-offices. Post-Office (PI. 78; E, 3), Postgasse 10, open 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. Branch- offices in the Inner City, Habsburgergasse 9, Seilerstätte 22, Franz- Josefs- Quai (Esslinggasse 4), Maximilian-Str. 4, Minoriten-Platz, 9, Nibe- lungengasse 6 (Schiller-Platz), Schotten-Ring 16, Börsen -Platz 1, in the Rathhaus, the Reichsrathsgebäude, and at all the railway-stations. Letter to any part of Vienna 3, to Austria or Germany 5, to Great Britain or the United States 10 kr. ; post card 2-5 kr. — There are also several Pneu- 7matic Post Offices: the inner town, Börsen-Platz 1, Fleischmarkt 19, Kärnt- mer-Ring 3, Schotten-Ring 19 (letter 15 kr., card 10 kr., card with prepaid answer 20 kr.). The ordinary letter-boxes are painted yellow ; those for the pneumatic post (Smaller) are painted red. Telegraph. Central Office (Pl. 97 a ; D, 3), Börsen-Platz 1. Also many branch-offices. The Private Telegraph Co. for Vienna and the environs has offices in all the principal streets. It also sends dispatches to any of the government telegraph-stations. Telegrams are sent from all the branch post-offices. Telephone. Public stations at Börsen-Platz 4, the Effekten- and Frucht- Börse, the Reichsrathsgebäude, Fleischmarkt 19, Kärntner-Ring 3, Woll- Zeile 16, II. Prater-Str. 54, IV. Neumanngasse 3, VI. Siebensterngasse 13; also at Döbling, Ottakring, Hernals, Liesing, etc. (at the post-offices). Use of wire for 5 min. 20 kr. Police Office (Pl. 76; D, 3), Schotten-Ring 18 (mighi-entrance by the Baths. VIENNA. 35. Route. 191 Hohenstaufengasse). District Offices in the outer quarters and in the su- burbs of Ottakring, Währing, Döbling, Floridsdorf, Meidling, and Sechshaus. Theatres. Performances begin at 7 o'clock. (Fee of ſo-1 fl. for booking seats beforehand. Charge for each article left in the cloak-room 10 kr.) Imperial Theatres (usually closed in July and August): OPERA (Pl. 99; D, 4), for operas and ballet only ; front-row of boxes 5, second row 4, third row 3 fl. 5 stalls (parquet), first row 5, Second to fourth rows 4, fifth to ninth 3/2 fl., etc.; pit (parterre) 21/2-3 fl., according to row (charges one- half higher for Italian operas). — HoFBURG-THEATRE (Pl. 98; D, 4), for tra- gedy, comedy, and classical dramas; stalls 5, front-row of boxes 5, front- row of pit 3, gallery 11/2, admission to stand in pit 1 fl., etc. — Private Theatres: DEUTSCHES VOLKSTHEATER (Pl. 110 ; C, 3), for dramas, comedies, popular pieces; best boxes 8, Stalls 2/4, pit 2 fl., etc. — THEATER AN DER WiBN (Pl. 101; D, 5), for dramas, comédies, operettas, etc.; boxes, or- chestra-stalls, or dress-circle 3, parquet 2/2 fl. — CARL-THEATER, in the Leopoldstadt (Pl. 102; E, 8) ; best boxes 2-3, parquet, etc. 11/2-2, gallery 80 to 1 fl. 20 kr, - JosefstaDT-THEATER (Pl. 103; C, 3), popular plays and farces; boxes 2-3, stalls 2, pit 1/2 fl. — In winter popular performances are given on Sunday afternoons at reduced prices. Tickets for popular performances are largely bought up by speculators. Those who make a long stay in Vienna should get Gutman's (Operngasse) guide to the theatres (“Logen- und. Sitzein theilung såmmtlicher Theater”; 50 kr.). — Summer Theatres: VoIKS-THEATER, in the Prater (seats 80 kr.-21/2 fl.); Third Café in the Prater (see below); COLOSSEUM and Volks-THEATER, at Rudolfs- heim (11/2 fl.); PRINCE SULKowsKI’s PRIVATE THEATRE (for rehearsals), Matzleinsdorfer-Str. 49 (50–70 kr.). Concerts in the Volksgarten every afternoon in summer (military band or Strauss's orchestra, adm. 50 kr. ; on Tuesday and Friday evenings 1 fl. ; illumination on holidays; subscription for the season 20 fl.). On Tues., Sat., and Sun., in fine weather, in the Augarten (p. 229). Also at the Three Cafés in the Prater. At Vogelsang's Garden Restaurant, at the W. Railway Station, etc. Popular Concerts (military band) in the Rathhaus- Park (p. 210) in Summer, on Mon, and Thurs. at 5.30 p.m. – In winter daily (and on bad days in summer) at Schneider’s Harmonie-Säle, Schot- ten bastei 3; on Sundays in the Volksgarten, in the hall of the Musikverein (p. 225), and at the Sophienbad (see below); on Sundays and Thursdays if the Gursaion and the flower saloons of the Čarºenbau-Gºseiischaft (p. 226). — Concerts of Classical Music in the rooms of the Musikverein, or in those of the piano-manufacturers, Bösendorfer, Herrengasse 6; Ehrbar, IV. Mühl- gasse 6; and Heizmann & Son, Graben 15. º Popular Resorts. Ronacher's Etablissement, I. Seilerstätte 9 (on the site of the old Stadttheater); Danzer's Orpheum, IX. Wasagasse 33 (closed in summer), and numerous other cafés-chantants. Beyond the Lines: Schwen- der's Colosseum at Rudolfsheim, Schönbrunner-Str. 1; Casino Hopfner, at Hietzing (p. 240); Zögernitz’s Casino and Schwarze, Adler at Oberdöbling: Höllrigl (Zum Hirschen), Elterlein's Casino, Stalehner, Töke's Neue Welt, etc. at Hernals; Hornick (Hauptstr. 2) at Fünfbau's ; Bockkeller at Nussdorf; Güldene Waldschnepfe at Dornbach. — Balls in winter at the Sophienbad and Dianabad (see below), and at the Flower Saloons (p. 226). Three masked- balls in the rooms of the Musikverein during the Carnival. — Skating Rinks at the Wiener Eislauf-Verein (p. 230) and in the Volksprater (p. 238). Panoramas, II. Prater-Str. 49 (Battle of Gravelotte, by Hünten and Simmler). Also in the Prater, Ausstellungs-Str. 165 (Siege of Rome in 1849, º defending the city against the French, by L. Philippet). Admis- Sion kr. Baths. I. District (inner city). “Centralbad, Weihburggasse .20, in three departments:" 1st, vapour (1 fl. 20 to 3 fl.), plunge (1-2 fl.); and shower- baths (60 kr.); 2nd, hydropathy (70 kr.) and massage (11/2 fl.); 3rd, medical baths. Hours 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. — Kaiserbad (Pl. 5; D, 2), Franz-Josefs- Quai, near the Schotten-Ring, bath 85-80 kr. (also hydropathy and mas- Sage). — II. District: Leopoldsbad, Obere Donau-Str. 45; *Bianabad (Pl. 3; E, 3), Obere Donau-Str. 93 (steam-launch from Franz-Josefs-Quai); swim- 192 Route 35. WIENNA. - Shops. ming-baths in summer for ladies and gentlemen (40 kr.). *Römisches Bad (Pl. 4 a. 3 F, 2), Kleine Stadtgutgasse 9, opposite the N. Station. — III. Dis- trict: Sophienbad (PI. 4; F, 4), Marxergasse 13, 8.30 to 12 o'clock ladies only. — “Josephsbad, Sophienbrücken-Str. 12; electric baths, massage, hydropathy, vapour. — IV. District: *Florabad, Floragasse 7... — V. Dis- trict: "Margarethenbad (Pl. 5a ; C, 6), Wildemanngasse 5; bath 80 kr. to 1 fl. 20 kr. — VI. District: * Esterhazybad, Gumpendorfer-Str. 59; *Russian Vapour Bath, Liniemgasse 5. — VII. District: Marienbad, Badhausgasse 9. — IX. District: Brümmlbad, Lazarethgasse 16. — River Baths. *Communal- bad on the right bank of the Danube, above the Kronprinz-Rudolf-Brücke (p. 239), 1st class bath Í fl., plunge 10-30 kr. — "Military Swimming School & Baths, on the right bank, below the Rudolf Bridge; Holzer's River Baths, on the left bank; Concordiabad, in the Danube Canal, Franz-Josefs-Quai, above the Stefaniebrücke. Baths at Oberdöbling, Haupt-Str. 70, in a shady park (also warm baths); at Heiligenstadt (Curpark); at Meidling, MatzleinS- dorfer-Str. 22, 24 (mineral); at Wussdorf, Hauptplatz 8, etc. Medical Advice gratis at the Allgemeine Poliklinik, Schwarzspanier- Str. 12, behind the Votivkirche, and at the Mariahilfer Ambulatorium, VI. Esterhazygasse 31. Surgical cases are well attended to at Dr. Eder's Prº- wate Establishment, Josefstadt, Langegasse 53. Dentists: Brunn, VIII. Ler- chenfeldergasse 162; Franz, Johannesgasse 1 ; Dr. Jarisch, Freyung 6. Commissionnaires (Dienstmänner). Charge for an errand within a dis- trict (Bezirk) 10 kr. (incl. 22 lbs. of luggage); into an adjoining district, 20 kr. ; into each additional district 15 kr. ; for luggage over 22 and under 55 lbs. these charges are doubled; for carrying luggage under 22 lbs. to a railway-station, in the same district 15, into another district 30-40 kr. Double fees at night (9-7 in summer, 8-8 in winter). The commission- naires are all numbered, and are bound to carry a tariff of charges, which should be consulted in doubtful cases. . Shops. The best are in the Kohlmarkt, Graben, Kärntner-Str., Ring- Str. and Stefans-Platz. Exhibition of Vienna, industries at the Museum für Kunst and Industrie (p. 228). Leather-wares and fancy-goods sold by Aug. Klein, Graben 20; Rodeck, Kohlmarkt 7; F. Hiess & Sons, Kärntner- Str. 25; Weidmann, Babenberger-Str. 7 ; Sirk, Kärntner-Ring 1; Palais Royal and Vienna Louvre, Kärntner-Str. — Carpets: Haas & Sons, Stock im. Eisen 6: Backhausen, Opern-Ring 1. Oriental carpets and embroidery, Jac. Aduti, Fleischmarkt 7. — Jewellery and plate: Klinkosch, Kohl- markt 26; Mayer Sons, Stock im Eisen 73 Rozet & Fischmeister, Kohl- markt 11; Hauptmann & Co., Kohlmarkt 3; Hofstätter, Kohlmarkt 7; Brandeis, Kärntner-Str. 35 ; Goldschmidt, Goldschmiedgasse, Aziendahof, first floor. — Electroplate: Christoffe & Co., Opern-Ring 5 ; Depôts of the Berndorf Manufactory of Metallic Wares, Wollzeile 12, Bognergasse 2, and (VII.) Mariahilfer-Str. 18. — Meerschaum : Hiess & Sons, Kärntner-Str. 25; C. Hiess, Graben 11. – Crystal wares: Lobmeyer, Kärntner-Str. 13; Schrei- ber, Tegetthoff-Str. 3; Count Harrach's Depół, Freyung 3; Wallisch, Johan- nesgasse 3. – Porcelain: Wahlöss, Kärntner-Str. 17 ; Haas & Czjczek, Kärntner-Str. 5; Rådler & Pilz, Breitegasse 26 (portraits on porcelain). — Galvanoplastic works of art: C. Haas, Dreilaufergasse 5. – Works of Art (old and new pictures): E. Hirschler & Co., Graben 14. — Photographs: Kramer, Graben 7; Czihak, Graben 22; Artaria, Kohlmarkt 9; Heck, Kärnt- ner-Ring 12. — Bohemian garnet-wares: Kersch, Graben 16. – Bootmaker : Hahn, Plankengasse 4. — Tailors: Rothberger, Stefans-Platz 8; Grünbaum, Graben 26. — Outfitters: Jägermayer, Kärntner-Str. 38; Riedel & Beutel, Stefans-Platz 9; Trettenhahn, Weihburggasse 4: Schostal & Härtlein, Kärnt- ner-Str. 38; Weldler & Budie, Tuchlauben 13; Bollarth (Bohem. lace), Graben 29; Steinbühler, Freyung 9. — Perfumery: Calderara & Bankmann, Graben 18; Filz, Graben 13 ; J. M. Farina, Kohlmarkt 26; G. Steinmetz, Bauernmarkt 1; K. Steinmetz, Stefans-Platz 6. — Gloves: Jaquemar, Herren- gasse 6; Zacharias, Spiegelgasse 2, Tuchlauben 18, and Kohlmarkt 12; Adam's Sohn, Wieden, Haupt-Str. 14; Frg. Schubert, Wieden, Paniglgasse 17. Money Changers. Union Bank, Graben 13; Escompte-Gesellschaft, Kärnt- ner-Str. 7: Anglo-Austr. Bank, Stefans-Platz 2; Epstein, Stock-im-Eisen- Platz 3; Völcker & Co., Kohlmarkt 26; Werkehrsbank, Wipplinger-Str. 28. Collection3. • , WHENNA. 35. Route. 193 Markets. The markets Of Vienna, deserve a visit in the forenoon. The largest is in the Schönbrunner-Str. at Fünfbaus. Excellent fruit in the Fruit Market in the Hof and at the Elizabethbrücke, Wieden p. 232). Many varieties of fish at the Fish Market on the Franz-Josefs-Quai (Fridays): e.g. the Fogasch caught in the Plattensee (p. 353); Huchen, a kind of trout; Schill; Sterling, resembling sturgeon, etc. — The spacious Central- Markthalle (Pl. 65 b : E, 4), in the suburb of Landstrasse, opposite the Stubenthor bridge, is worthy of a visit. — Horse Market (“Wiener Tatter- sall'), Schüttel-Str. 54 (Pl. F, 3). The Auskunfts-Bureau, or inquiry-office, of the Verein für Stadtinter- essen, I. Jasomirgott-Str. 2 (Stefans-Platz; open daily 8-2; closed on Sun. and holidays; no fees), gives information and help to strangers. Embassies and Gonsulates. British Ambassador, Sir Augustus B. Paget, III. Metternichgasse 6: Consul General, Mr. G. Wathan, Schwarzenberg- Str. 3; Pro-Consul, Mr. Feldscharek. — American Ambassador, Colonel F. D. Grant, IV. Schwindgasse 4; Consul General, Mr. J. Goldschmidt, IX. Wasa- gasse 2 (10-2); Vice-Consul General, Mr. O. Maass, at Unter-Sievering No. 81. English Church Service at the Chapel of the British Embassy (Christ Church) at 11 a.m.; Rev. William H. Hechler, Chaplaim to the Embassy, I. Elisabeth-Str. 14. — Presbyterian Church Service (British-American), Eschenbachgasse 9, Sun. at 11 a.m. from 1st Sept. to 31st May; Rev. F. Gordon, M. A., to be met with on week-days 10-1 at Landesgerichts-Str. 12 (see below). - Anglo-American Vienna Medical Association, and English Library, I. Landesgerichts-Str. 12 (open on week-days, from 1st Sept. to 31st May 10-1, from 1st June to 31st August 1-2 p.m.). — Home for British Governesses, I. Weihburggasse 16. - Collections. Admission to the Imperial Collections (Treasury, Nat. Hist. Museum, Museum of Weapons, Army Museum, and Picture Gallery) free. Fees are prohibited. Articles left in cloak-room 10 kr. each. *Academy of Art (p. 220): Picture Gallery, Sat. and Sun. 10-1 (or apply to custodian ; generally enough to ring at the door); Plaster Casts 9-1 on the first five days of the week; in winter and on Sat. throughout the year 5-7 (closed on Sun. and holidays). Library daily, in summer 3-6, in winter 3–7. Agricultural Collections (p. 208), I. Herrengasse 13, daily on application to the secretary. - *Albertina (p. 203), Mon. and Thurs. 9-2 o'clock. Ambras Collection, see Imp. Museum of Weapons. - *Army Museum in the Arsenal (p. 231), from 1st Apr. to 30th Sept. Tues. and Thurs. 10-2, Sat. 1–5; from 1st Oct. to 31st Mar. Thurs. 10-2 (free). Arsenal (p. 230). Army Museum, see above. Visitors to the Artillery Workshops require an order from the War Office. Art Industry Society, in the Museum of Art and Industry (see below). Beethoven Collection, at Heiligenstadt, in the Upper School-house, Pfarr- platz 4 (tramway from the Schotten-Ring in 1/2 hr., or by Omnibus from the Platz am Hof), daily on application' to the custodian (30 kr.). Blind Asylum, Josefstadt, Blindengasse 31; public examinations, Thurs. 10-12. Permission may be obtained from the Director to be present at of the ordinary classes. Vacation in August. Coins and Antiquities, in the Imperial Art-History Museum (p. 216), closed at present. * . Deaf and Dumb Asylum (p. 232), Wieden, Favoriten-Str. 13; public exami- nations, Sat. 10-12 (vacation Aug. and Sept.). ‘Educational Ea:hibition (p. 206), I. Wipplinger-Str. 8 (in the old Rathhaus); Wed. 10-12 and 2-4, in summer 2-5. - - Eachibition of Ea:ports, Wollzeile 37, week-days 9-4, Sun. 9-12. Geological Institution (p. 230), daily 9–4. Government Printing-Office, Singer-Str. 26 (p. 204), Tues. and Frid. 9-12, on application at the office. - Handels-Museum (p. 209), I. Börsengasse 3, week-days 10-4 (30 kr.), Sun. and holidays 9-1 (10 kr.: closed on Mondays). BAEDEKER's S. Germany. 7th Edit. 13 194 Route 35. VIENNA. Collections. Historical Museum of Vienna (p. 210) in the new Rathhaus, main stair- case, No. 2. United with the civic Museum of Weapons. In summer on Sun. and holidays 9-1 (10 kr.), on Tues. and Thurs. 9-2 (30 kr.). At other times tickets at 1 fl. obtained from the director (staircase IV, 1st floor, Archives). - Hofburg (p. 199), ordinary rooms daily 3-6, on application to the Burg- hauptmann between 9 and 12. *Imperial Library (p. 201), daily 9–4, except Sun. ; closed from 1st Aug. to 15th Sept. (large hall shown till 2 p.m. for a fee; visitors knock at a door on the first floor, to the right; MSS. not shown after 2 p.m.). /mperial Stables (p. 220), tickets obtained at the office of the Oberstall- meister in the Amalienhof, daily 10-12; adm. on week-days 1-3. *Imperial Treasury (p. 202), from 1st May to 31st Oct. Tues., Thurs., Frid. 10–4. Tickets procured on written application at the office of the Schatzkammer (Hofburg, Augustinergang; entrance from Josefs-Platz, first door on the left, in the entresol, p. 200) on the day previous, 10-12, available only for the hours and persons specified. Strangers, however, may generally obtain tickets without previous application on presenting their cards. - Industrial Hygienic Museum, I. Reichsrath-Str. 23, Tues., Wed. Thurs., Sat., Sun. 10-4. - Industrial Technological Museum (p. 235), Sun 9–12, Mon., Wed., Thur., and Frid. 9-6; adm. 20 kr. (free on Mon.). - Miethke’s Permanent Eachibition of Art, Neuer Markt 13, daily, 9-6 (30 kr.). *Museum of Art and Industry (p. 226), Sun. 9-1, and Thurs., Frid., and Sat. 9-4, gratis; on Tues. and Wed., 9-4, adm. 30 kr. *Museum of Weapons of the Imperial House (History of Art Museum, p. 216), Wed. and Sat. 10-2; tickets gratis on application the day before 10- 12 a.m. at the office of the Art-Historical Collections, I. Burgring 5. Musikverein, building (p. 225) daily, except Sunday, 9-5 (fee 20 kr.). *Natural History Museum (p. 213), Tues., Thurs., and Sat. 10-3, Sun, and holidays 9-1; free on Thurs., Sat., and Sun. ; on Tues. 1 fl. ; closed on Easter Sunday, Whitsunday, Christmas-Day, and Corpus Christi. Opera House (p. 220), Opernring, during the June or July vacation, on application at the office. - Pathological Museum, in the Public Hospital (p. 284), daily 11-1. - Pictures (modern), Permanent Eachibition of the Kunstverein (p. 205), Tuch- lauben 8, daily 9-5, in winter 10-4 (30 kr., Sun, afternoon 20 kr.). Pictures (modern), Permanent Ea:hibition at the Künstlerhaus (p. 225), Loth- ringer-Str. 9, daily 9-5, in winter 9-4; adm. to the spring exhibition 50 kr., on Sun. and holidays 20 kr. ; at other seasons 80 kr., on Sun. and holiday afternoons 10 kr. - * Picture Gallery, Imperial (p. 219), closed at present. —, Czernin's (p. 233), Mon. and Thurs. 10-2. —, Harrach's (p. 206), Mon., Wed., Sat. 10-4 (closed in winter). *—, Liechtenstein's (p. 235), in summer daily, except Sat., 9-4, Sun. and holidays, 2-4. In winter daily, on application to the Director. *> —, Schönborn's (p. 207), Mon., Wed., Frid. 9-3 ; closed in winter. *Rathhaus (p. 210), Franzens-Ring, on week-days 2-6 (apply at the portal in the Lichtenfels-Str. ; fee). Reichsrathsgebäude (p. 212), shown out of session, on Sun. 9-1, on week- days 10-4. (Apply to the porter under the approach.) Adm. 20 kr., family or party of 3-5 pers. 50 kr. - Technical School (p. 232), at Wieden, week-day forenoons on application to the keeper (in first court to the right, left corner). - University (p. 209), week-days after 1, on Sun. and holidays the whole day (fee). . - Vivarium (p. 238), Prater, ſº ain avenue, a collection of living animals; daily from 9 till dusk; 60 kr. ; after 2 p.m. 30 kr. Wagner Museum (Oesterlein’s), IV. Alleegasse 19; daily, 10-6 ; adm., includ- ing printed description, 40 kr, - Diary. VIENNA. 35, Route, 195 Diary. (Particulars see above.) DAILY: Agricultural Collections (on application); Beethoven Collection (40 kr.); Exhibition of Exports 9-4 (Šum. 9-1); Geological Institute 9-4: Pictures in Künstlerhaus 9-5 (winter 9-4); Pictures of Kunstverein 9-5 (winter 9-4); Liechtenstein Picture Gal- lery, in summer, 9-4 (exc. Sat. ; Sun. and holidays 2-4); Hofburg 3-6 (ap- plication 9-12); Imperial Library 9-4 (exc. Sun. ; closed from 1st Aug. to 15th Sept.); Imperial Stables 10-12; Miethke’s Exhibition 9-6; Musikverein Building 9-5 (exc. Sun.); Pathological Museum (in the Public Hospital) 11-1; Rathhaus, after 2; Technical School 9-2; University, afternoons (Sun., whole day); Vivarium 9 to dusk; Wagner Museum 10–6; Military Parade with band, at 1, in the Inner Burgplatz (exc. Sun.). 4. - SUNDAYS AND Hol.1DAYs: Church-music at the Burgpfarrcapelle (p. 200), 11 a.m. ; Handels-Museum 9-1 (10 kr.); Museum of Art and Industry 9-1; Natural History Museum 9-1; Industrial Hygienic Museum 10-4; Industrial Technological Museum 9-12 (20 kr.); Historical Museum of Vienna, in summer, 9-1 (10 kr.); Picture Gallery in the Academy 10–1. Mon DAYs: Academy (casts) 9-1; Albertina 9-2; Harrach's Picture Gal- lery 10-4 (summer); Czernin Picture Gallery 10-2 (summer); Schönborn Picture Gallery 9-3; Industrial Technological Musem 9-6. TUESDAYs: Academy (casts) 9-1; Museum of Art and Industry 9–4 (30 kr.); Historical Museum of Vienna, in summer, 9-2 (30 kr.) ; Army Museum 10-2 (summer); Industrial Hygienic Museum 10-4; Handels-Museum 10-4 (30 kr.); Nat. Hist. Museum 10-3 (1 fl.); Govt. Printing Office 9-12; Treasury 10–1. . WEoNESDAYs: Academy (casts) 9-1; Imp. Museum of Weapons 10-2; Harrach's Gallery 10-4; Schönborn Gallery 9–3 (summer); Museum of Art and Industry 9-4 (30 kr.); Indust. Hygienic Museum 10-4; Indust. Technolog. Museum 9-6 (20 kr.); Handels-Museum 10-4 (30 kr.); Museum of Weapons 10-2; Educational Exhibition 10-12 and 2-4 (summer 2-5). THURSDAYs: Academy (casts) 9-1; Albertina 9-2; Czernin Gallery 10-2; Museum of Art and Industry 9-4; Nat. Hist. Museum 10-3; Hist. Museum of Vienna 9-2, in summer (30 kr.); Indust. Technolog. Museum 9-6 (201zr.); Indust. Hygienic Museum 10-4; Handels-Museum 10-4 (30 kr.); Army Museum 10-2; Treasury 10-1; public examination at the Blind Asylum 10- 12 (closed in Aug.). FRIDAYs: Academy (casts) 9-1; Schönborn Gallery 9–8 (summer); Govt. Printing Office, 9–12; Museum of Art and Industry 9-4; Indust. Technol. Museum 9-6 (20 kr.); Treasury 10-1. SATURDAYs: Academy (pictures) 10-1, (casts, in winter) 5-7 : Imp. Museum of Weapons 10-2; Harrach's Gallery 10-4 (summer); Army Museum 1-5 (summer); Museum of Art and Industry 9-4; Nat. Hist. Museum 10-3; Museum of Weapons.10-2; Indust. Hygienic Museum 40-4; Handels-Museum 10-4 (30 kr.); public examination in the Deaf and Dumb Asylum 10-12 (vacation Aug. and Sept.). Most of these collections, when closed to the public, are shown to strangers on payment of a fee. |Principal Attractions, when time is limited: St. Stephen's Church (p. 197); Ring-Strasse (p. 208); Treasury (p. 202); Imperial Museums (pp. 213, 216); Liechtenstein Picture Gallery (p. 235). Vienna (436 ft.), the capital of the Empire of Austria, and resi- sidence of the emperor, lies in a plain surrounded by distant moun- tains, on the Danube Canal, the southern arm of the river, into which the Wien falls within the city. Since 19th Dec. 1890, when the former suburbs were incorporated with the town, it is divided into 19 districts (‘Bezirke): I. Interior of the city, II. Leopoldstadt, III. Landstrasse, IV. Wieden, W. Margarethen, WI. Mariahilf, VII. Neubau, VIII. Josefstadt, IX. Alsergrund, X. Favoriten, XI. Sim- ſ3% 196 Route 35. VIENNA. - History. mering, XII. Meidling, XIII. Hietzing, XIV. Rudolfsheim, XV. Fünfbaus, XVI. Ottakring, XVII. Hernals, XVIII. Währing, XIX. Döbling. According to the census of 1890 the interior of the city had a population of 65,750, the whole town 1,355,255 inhab., in- cluding a garrison of 22,651 soldiers. - . Vienna was originally the ancient Celtic settlement of Windomna or Windomina (old Celtic Windobona), which the Romans seized and fortified about A. D. 14. Marcus Aurelius died here in 180. By the end of the third century Windobona had become a municipium or town, and the Seat of the Roman civil and military government, and continued to flourish until the invasion of the Avars about 588. From that date the Roman Vindobona disappears from history until 791, when Charlemagne con- quered the Avars and made the tract between the Enns and the Wiener Wald the boundary of his empire. From the time of Emp. Otho II. (973-983) the fief of Austria (the ‘Eastern Mark’) was held by the Baben- bergers, who exchanged their title of ‘Markgraf', or count of the Mark, for that of duke in the reign of Frederick Barbarossa (12th cent.). The first mention of Viennis occurs in a charter of 1030; in 1137 it is spoken of as. Wiennensis Locus; and in 1156 it became the residence of Duke Heinrich Jasomirgott. During the Crusades Vienna increased so rapidly, owing to the traffic which flowed through it, that when the Babenbergers had become extinct, and Ottokar of Bohemia occupied the country (1251- 1276), those fortifications were probably marked out which formed the boundary of the inner city down to 1857. Ottokar was defeated by Rudolph of Hapsburg in 1276, and Vienna, then became the seat of the Hapsburg dynasty. In 1519 Emp. Maximilian I. entertained Wladislaw, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and Sigismund, King of Poland, at Vienna, and on that occasion concluded the marriages of his children, through which Bohemia, Moravia, and Hungary fell to the crown of Austria, giving rise to the saying : — #. } . “Bella gerant alii, tu felia, Austria nube; - 3. Nam quae Mars aliis, dat tibi regna Venus". & Vienna was twice besieged by the Turks, under Soliman II. from 22nd Sept. to 15th Oct. 1529, and under Mohammed IV., by the grand-vizier Rara Mustapha, from 14th July to 12th Sept. 1688. In the latter case they were defeated by John Sobieski, King of Poland, and Margrave Lewis of Baden with an allied army of Poles, Austrians, Saxons, Bavarians, and Franks. After the disastrous battles of 1805 (Austerlitz) and 1809 (Wag- ram), Vienna was for a short period occupied by the French. The Con- gress of Vienna was held from 3rd Nov. 1814 to 9th June 1815. — The houses of historical interest are indicated by tablets. . - Until 1809 Vienna was enclosed by a double girdle of fortifications, of which little now remains. The easternal works, constructed in 1704 as a protection against the incursions of the Hungarians under Francis Rakoczy, consisting of a rampart, 12 ft. high, and a fosse, are still maintained as the boundary-line of the city-imposts, but are shortly to be removed to the limits of the new districts (see above). This external fortification is called the Limien-Graben or Linien-Wall, or the ‘Lines’, but the Vien- nese generally apply the word to the fourteen exits from the city (most of the gates being now removed) named after the suburbs adjoining them. The internal fortifications, consisting of rampart, fosse, and glacis, were levelled in pursuance of an imperial decree of 1858, and the space used for the erection of the Ring-Strasse (p. 208), a broad street encircling the interior of the city. Of the former gates the Burg-Thor and Franz- Josefs-Thor now alone remain. Outside of the Ring-Strasse, and parallel with it, runs the Lasten - Strasse, while the Gürtel-Strasse will, when completed, form a circle round the whole city beyond the Limes. – The Church of St. Stephen (Pl. D, A) is the central point from which the numbers of the streets are reckoned, No. 1 being to the left, No. 2 to the right. The plates with the names of the streets leading towards the centre of the city are rectangular, of those running round the city oval. |3 , º gas.S. a º Fantág 4 - €71. Wagner & Debes, Leipzig. ºz 14 Engl. Mile * Meter 1:11,500 300 400 500 600 700 200 - Geograph. Anstalt won Art. VIENNA. 35. Route. 197 The coloured borders of these plates and of the house-numbers are red in the 1st district, violet in the 2nd, green in the 3rd, pink in the 4th, black in the 5th, yellow in the 6th, blue in the 7th, gray in the 8th, brown in the 9th, and orange in the 10th. The city contains many “Durchhäuser", or passages through the courts of houses, which often afford short-cuts to walkers; but they are rapidly disappearing before the march of modern building operations. The great Religious Houses and Abbeys of Austria formerly possessed and still hold much valuable property in Vienna. They own several of those huge edifices called Höfe, which contain inmates enough to people a small town. One of the largest is the Schottenhof (p. 207), once be- longing to Scottish Benedictines, who were invited hither by Heinrich II. Jasomirgott in 1158, but afterwards gave place to German monks. Oppo- site to it, and nearly as large, is the Melkerhof, owned by the Abbey of Melk (p. 253). The Starhembergische Freihaus in the suburb of Wieden contains upwards of 200 different dwellings, and the Rothe Haus in the Alsergrund is scarcely Smaller. Within the last quarter of a century Vienna has acquired an impor- tance as a seat of ART of which nothing in its previous history gave pro- mise. It has, indeed, possessed an Academy of Art since the end of the 17th cent. , but this institution had no share whatever in promoting the modern revival of art in Germany. The honour of inspiring Viennese painting with new life, and of introducing an elevated and monumental style, is chiefly due to Karl Rahl (d. 1865), who settled in Vienna after the revolution of 1848; and with his name we must couple that of Führich, Overbeck’s associate, whose powers were not fully revealed till the closing years of his life (d. 1876). To the success of their efforts, however, various circumstances contributed. Thus, about the middle of the century, artistic work was much in demand in connection with the building of the Votive Church (by Ferstel), and of the Arsenal. A still greater stimulus to art has been given since 1860 by the extension of the city, the institution of admirable museums of art and industry, the erection of many great public buildings (Reichsrathsgebäude, University, Rathhaus, Theatres), and the collection of pictures by enthusiastic amateurs. The chief modern exponent of Gothic architecture was Fr. Schmidt; Hansen and Hasenaue' also gained high repute; and Semper's influence has been beneficially exerted. In the province of sculpture Zumbusch and other masters were not natives of Vienna, but a healthy and vigorous Austrian school soon sprang up, directing its efforts chiefly to portraiture (Kund- mann, Tilgner). Painters abound, their zeal being stimulated by their Hun- garian rivals, and not a little by influences from Paris and Munich. The late eminent Hans Makart, however, must be reckoned as a genuine pro- duct of Austrian soil. ^. I. THE INNER CITY AND THE RING-STRASSE. a. Church of St. Stephen. Graben. Kohlmarkt. The *Church of St. Stephen (Pl. 63; D, 4), or Cathedral, the most important edifice in Vienna, was erected between 1300 and 1510, when parts of the original building of the 12th cent. were utilised. Hence the Romanesque forms on the Gothic W. façade. After the original church, consecrated about 1147, had been burned down, its successor was begun in 1258; the choir was erected between 1300 and 1330, and was consecrated in 1340. Duke Rudolph IV. directed the architect, Meister Wenzla of Klosterneuburg, to prepare comprehensive plans, and he laid the foundation of the nave, and probably of the S. tower also, in 1359. The latter was completed 198 Route 35. WIENNA. St. Stephen's. in 1433, but the N. tower, begun in 1450, was left unfinished in 1562. Among the other architects of the church are Ulrich Helb- ling, Hans von Prachatiz, who completed the tower in 1433, and Hans Puchsbaum, who vaulted the nave in 1446. The church, which is in the form of a Latin cross, and is built of limestone, is 355 ft. long; the nave and aisles are of equal height (89 ft.) and nearly equal width (35 and 29 ft.). The rich groined vaulting is borne by 18 massive pillars, adorned with upwards of 100 statu- ettes. The building is roofed with coloured tiles. Since 1853 the cathedral has been thoroughly restored by Fr. v. Schmidt (d. 1891). Exterior. At the W. end are the Romanesque Riesenthor, or Giant's Door (opened only on occasions of great Solemnity), the two towers called the Heidenthiirme (210 ft. high), and a number of sculptures of the Roma- mesque era. On the S. side, adjoining the first entrance (Singerthor), is a tombstone said to be that of the Meistersänger Nithard Fuchs. Then follows the bay of the tower with the Primthor and the Choir, surround- cd by tombstones. The first of the reliefs in stone, Christ taking leave of the Holy Women, dates from the 15th cent. On the N. side is the Pulpit of the Franciscan monk Capistranus (1451); adjacent is the entrance to the catacombs (see below). The entrance to the bay of the (unfinished) N. tower (213 ft.) is named the Adlerthor (Eagle's Door), the second is the Bischofsthor (Bishop's Door). Interior. The Adlerthor forms the entrance to the CHAPEL OF ST. BARBARA, the bay of the N. tower, containing a votive altar in memory of the escape of Emp. Francis Joseph in 1853. Next to this is the FRAUENCHOR (N. side choir), with a new altar designed by Schmidt and many monu- ments, including those of Duke Rudolph IV. and Catharine, his duchess. In the HAUPTCHOR (centre-choir), on the left, is the altar of St. John of Nepomuc; in the centre a high-altar of black marble, with an altar-piece of the Stoning of St. Stephen, by Bock; on the right the altar of St. Carlo Borromeo; richly-carved choir-stalls of the 15th century. In front of the steps to the vestry is a stone which closes the entrance to the old burial- vault of the sovereigns of Austria; but for the last 200 years the members of the imperial family have been interred in the church of the Capuchins. The THEKLA CHOIR or FRIEDRICHSCIIor contains the *Sarcophagus of Emp. Frederick III. (d. 1493), by Lerch, completed in 1513, a most elaborate work in red and white marble, surrounded by 32 coats-of-arms; in 8 sections below are Scripture scenes; at the feet of the figure various animals. In front of the steps of the altar is a Monumental Brass, with three coats-of- arms, and a Latin inscription, recording that three town-councillors repose here who were executed by Leopold the Proud in 1408, on account of their adherence to their lawful prince, the infant Albert W. To the right of the emperor's tomb is a fine winged altar, brought in 1885 from the Neu- Kloster at Wiener-Neustadt (p. 264). — 'In the bay of the S. tower is the CHAPEL of ST. CATHARINE, the vestibule of which contains portraits of Austrian dukes and emperors. — The NAVE contains the * Pulpit, executed in stone in 1512 by the architect Pilgram ; on the front four Fathers of the Church; under the stairs the figure of the master, looking through a window; on the landing, toads, lizards, and other animals. – On the N. wall immediately to the W. of the entrance, and forming the termination of a former organ-choir, is the *Stone Figure of the Architect Jörg Oechsel (beginning of 16th cent.), holding a rule and pair of compasses in his hand, and looking through a small window. — By the W. Portal is the SAvoy or LIECHTENSTEIN CHAPEL, with the tomb of Prince Eugene of Savoy (d. 1736). Two of the stained-glass windows in the choir are old; the others, modern, by Geyling (three from designs by Führich). All the other windows are now filled with stained glass. – Below the church are exten- sive CATACOMBs, consisting of three vaults, one below another, filled with bones and skulls. Visitors not now admitted, St. Stephen's. VIENNA, 35. Route. 199 The *Tower of St. Stephen's (440 ft.), which affords an extensive view and a good survey of the battle-fields of Lobau, Wagram, and Essling, was erected in 1860-64 to replace the former tower, which had to be taken down owing to its unsafe condition. In the second Stage hangs the huge bell. Cards for the ascent obtained at the sacristan’s office, Stephans- Platz 3 (20 kr.). Best time about 3 p.m. On the N. side of the Stefans-Platz, at the corner of the Rothen- thurm-Str., is the Archiepiscopal Palace, erected in 1632–41; in the court is a tasteful fountain; in the chapel an altar-piece by Kupel- wieser. Opposite is the handsome Thonet'sche Haus. The S. con- tinuation of the Stefans–Platz is called the Stock-im-Eisen–Platz. No. 6, at the corner of Graben, is the richly-decorated house (rococo style) of Ph. Haas & Sons (p. 192). Opposite the Riesenthor is the new Rothbergerhof. — At the corner of the Graben and Kärntner Str. is the ‘Stock im Eisen”, the stump of a larch , full of nails driven into it in accordance with an ancient national custom (not peculiar to Austria), on account of its supposed sanctity. The stump is secured with an iron hoop and a lok bearing the date 1575. It is said once to have marked the end of the Wiener Wald. The ‘Equitable’ Assurance Office is now being built here, and the ‘Stock’ will be placed in front of it. — At the corner of the Stefans-Platz and the Singer-Str. rises the handsome house “Zum Goldenen Becher", adorned with frescoes, The GRABBN (Pl. D, 4), with its attractive shops, now the principal business-street in Vienna, was the moat of the fortifi- cations in the 12th cent., and the houses on the N. side occupy the site of the ancient wall. Its appearance has been entirely moder- nised of late years. On the right, No. 31, is the Aziendahof, in the Italian Renaissance style, by Hasenauer; then (No. 29) the Thrattnerhof (1776) and (No. 21) the First Austrian Savings Bank (1836). To the left (No. 8) is the Wew York In- surance Co. The Lechleitner'sche Haus, or ‘Grabenhof (on the left, Nos. 14, 15) has a rich façade by Wagner and Thienemann. In the centre of the Graben rises the Trinity Column (Pl. 28), a confused group of figures among clouds, erected by order of Emp. Leopold I. in 1694, on the cessation of the plague. The figures of SS. Joseph and Leopold on the two Foun- tains are by J. M. Fischer (1804). The Jungfernstrasse leads N. from the Graben to the Peters- Platz. The Church of St. Peter here (Pl. 60a), with its handsome dome, was erected in 1702. It was restored in 1839–44 and again recently. Ceiling-paintings by Rothmayer and Bibiena, and altar- pieces by Altomonte, Kupelwieser, and others. The KoRLMARKT (Pl. D 3, 4), another busy street, leads from the end of the Graben to the left to the Burg. To the left in the Michaeler Platz is the Church of St. Michael (Pl. 59), originally erected in the Romanesque style in 1219–21, with a Gothic choir of the 14th cent., but greatly altered in the 17th century. Over the high-altar, the Fall of the Angels, in stucco. Many tombstones of the 16th-18th centuries. b. The Imperial Hofburg and its Collections. The imperial Hofburg (Pl. 13; D, 4), usually called the Burg, residence of the Austrian princes since the 13th cent., is an exten- sive, irregular pile, dating from different periods. Approaching from 200 Route 35, VIENNA, Burg, the Michaeler-Platz, we turn to the right and enter it by the gate in the Schauflergasse. In the centre of the Innere Burghof, or Fran– zens-Platz, rises the Monument of Emp. Francis II. (d. 1835; Pl. 31), in bronze, by Marchesi of Milan : the Emperor in antique garb ; at the corners, figures of Religion, Peace, Justice, and Bra- very; on the sides, eight bas-reliefs of Science, Commerce, Industry, Mining, Agriculture, Cattle-breeding, Arts, and War. On the S.W. side of the Burghof, in the Leopoldinische Trakt (built by Leopold I. after the fire of 1668), rises the old Residence, con- taining the superb ‘Rittersaal’, the long “Controlor' corridor in which Joseph II. granted audience to all comers, the apartments once oc- cupied by Maria. Theresa and Joseph II. (adm., see p. 194), and the Military Office of the emperor. On the right is the Hauptwache, or Guard House (parade with military music daily, except Sunday, at 1 p.m.). To the N. is the Reichskanzlei-Palast, containing the state-archives, the Obersthofmeister-Amt, or office of the major- domo, and the apartments of Emp. Francis Joseph (on the first floor). At the entrances are four Hercules groups (Antæus, Busiris, Nemean Lion, Cretan Bull) by Mathielli. Adjoining the Franzens-Platz on the N.W. is the Amalienhof, erected at the end of the 17th cent., and sometimes occupied by the Empress Elizabeth. It also contains the office of the Oberststallmeister (tickets for the stables are obtained from 9 to 12 at the office to the right in the passage, p. 194). The passage to the left in the S.E. corner of the Franzens-Platz, with the coloured and gilded armorial bearings, leads across an old drawbridge and moat to the Schweizer- hof, the oldest part of the Burg. On the bridge over the fosse are two small lions in stone with armorial bearings, on the left those of Hapsburg, on the right five larks (or properly eagles), the ancient crest of the Archduchy. To the left in the corner of the Schweizer- hof is the entrance to the Treasury. On the right is the Burgkapelle; the end of the choir is the only relic of the original Gothic building of 1449. (Church-music, see p. 195.) A gateway leads hence to the Josefsplatz and the Augustinian Church. On the right side of the gateway, in the entresol, is the office where tickets for the Trea- sury are issued (p. 194). In the Josefs-Platz, in the corner to the right, is the entrance to the Imperial Library and the Cabinet of Engravings. On the left are the Redoutensäle or Ball Rooms and the Winter Riding School, erected in 1735, with a gallery borne by 46 columns. In the centre of the Platz rises the *Equestrian Statue of Emp. Joseph II. (d. 1790; Pl. 32) by Zauner, in bronze; two large reliefs at the sides allude to agriculture and commerce; on the granite corner-columns are 16 small reliefs in bronze, scenes from the emperor's life. — The Augustinian Church, etc., see p. 203. On the right, in the large Outer Burgplatz, or Heldenplatz, rises the equestrian *Statue of Archduke Charles (d. 1847; Pl. 33), in Imperial Library. VIENNA. 35. Route. 201 the act of waving a flag, in allusion to the victory of Aspern (p. 282), designed by Fernkorn. To the left is the equestrian *Statue of Prince Eugene of Savoy (d. 1736; Pl. 34), also by Fernkorn. The outer Burgthor (Pl. 14), with five passages, and adorned with twelve Doric columns, was erected by Nobile in 1822. On the side next the town is the motto of Emp. Francis II., “Justitia Reg- morum Fundamentum'. Semper's design for the reconstruction of the Hofburg includes two large wings, extending from this gate, along the Hofgarten and the Volksgarten, to the central dome- covered new Hofburg. - The Volksgartem (Pl. 107; C, 4), on the N.W. side of the Burg- platz, laid out by Emp. Francis in 1824, contains pleasant grounds which attract numerous visitors (café; concerts every fine afternoon in summer, see p. 191). The so-called Temple of Theseus formerly contained Canova's marble group of the Victory of Theseus over the Centaur, now in the Imperial Museum of Art (p. 216). — To the left, near the café, is the *Grillparzer Monument, forming a semi- circle, in the central niche of which is the sitting figure of the poet (d. 1891), over life-size, by Kundmann; the inner walls of the wings are embellished with scenes from his works, in relief, by R. Weyr : on the left the Ancestress, Dream a Life, King Ottokar; on the right Sappho, Medea, Hero and Leander. The Hofgarten, on the S. side of the Burgplatz, with an eques- trian Statue of Francis I. (d. 1765), husband of Maria. Theresa, is closed pending the extension of the Burg (see above). Collections in the Imperial Burg. 1. *Imperial Library (entrance in the S.E. corner of the Josefs- platz; adm. see p. 194). The building, erected by Fischer von Er- lach in 1722, occupies the S.W. side of the Josefsplatz. Roman an- tiquities on the walls of the staircase. In the centre of the richly decorated *Hall (85 by 18 yds.) are statues of Charles VI. and other princes of the House of Hapsburg. The massive dome is embellished with *Frescoes by Daniel Gran. The library contains upwards of 400,000 vols. and 20,000 MSS., including valuable Oriental docu- ments collected by Baron v. Hammer-Purgstall (d. 1856), and 12,000 vols. of music. Among the 6800 “Incunabula' (i.e. books printed prior to 1500) are a Psalter of 1457 by Schöffer and Fust, and the oldest edition of the Biblia Pauperum, of 1430. The chief treasures of the library are exhibited in eight glass-cases. The fol- lowing are perhaps the most interesting. CASE A. Materials used for MSS. : purple parchment with silver and gold letters of the 6th cent., being fragments of the Gospels; cotton, linem, and mulberry paper; palm-leaves. – B. Greek MSS: Fragments of the Book of genesis of the 6th cent on purple parchment; a work on medicinal herbs, with illustrations, of the 5th century. — C. Latin MSS: Fragments of the Roman history of Livy, the only MS. which contains the 5th Decade, brought by St. Suitbert from Scotland in the 7th century. —D. German MSS: Harmony of the Gospels, by Otfried, of 885; Tristan and Isolt, by Godfrey 202 Route 35. VIENNA. Treasury. of Strassburg, of about 1210; fragments of a MS. of the 8th century. — E. Other Western Languages: Illustrated French Bible with miniatures on gold ground, of the 14th cent. ; Dante's Divine Comedy, beautifully written, with marginal illustrations, of the 14th cent. ; same of the 16th cent., very minute, hardly legible to the unaided eye. — F. Oriental Languages: Small octagonal Koran of 1545, worn as an amulet; Chinese MS. on paper with gold- en letters on an azure ground, with illustrations on fig-leaves. – G. and H. MSS. with beautiful miniatures of the 8th-16th cent. ; Hortulus Animae by Seb. Brant, with 66 exquisite illustrations, scenes from the life of the Saviour and saints, by a Flemish artist; well-thumbed prayer-book of Charles V., with the names of several of his relations. Connected with the Imperial Library is a collection, founded by Prince Eugene, of about 300,000 Engravings and Wood-cuts, em- bracing artists from the earliest period to the present time (about 1000 vols.; under the dome; entr. to the left of the main door). The Collection of Portraits comprises 34,000 plates. 2. *Treasury (adm. see p. 194), in the Schweizerhof, N.E. side, very rich and historically interesting. Catalogue 50 kr. Entrance-Chamber. On the long walls the heralds’ robes, comprising some beautiful specimens of heraldic embroidery, the Austrian stan- dard, and the shield of the Grand Marshal. In the two niches of the win- dows are the silver caskets in which the gift of the Hungarian Landtag was presented to the emperor on his coronation in 1867 (100,000 ducats, devoted by the Emperor to the relief of impoverished Honveds). On a pillar an ebony casket containing the keys of the coffins of the ancestors of the imperial house (in the Capuchin Church, p. 205). — Cases I-VI. Clocks and automata (No. 33, by J. Bürgi, beginning of 17th cent. , is in- teresting from the fact that the pendulum is here for the first time used as a regulator). — VII-XII. Objects in rock-crystal and Smoky topaz. Here the development of the art of the lapidary may be trac- ed from the 15th cent. down to modern times. In Case XII., *303. Crystal goblet richly set with jewels, in the late-Gothic style, from the treasury of Charles the Bold ; also “298. Altar of coloured stones, the summit of the fountain consisting of a single emerald; background of the altar-piece in Florentine mosaic. — XIII. Jewellery, including Some inter- esting portrait-medallions. – XIV-XXI. Articles in gold, silver, and precious stones; handsome tankards, vases, drinking- cups of lapis-lazuli and enamelled gold: XIV. *14, 15. Dish and tankard from Nuremberg; XV. 29-38. Goblets; 51. Dish from Augsburg, 52. Early Russian ‘Brother- hood’ drinking-cup ; XVI. *66. Ewer, *67. The celebrated salt-cellar of Benvenuto Cellini, executed for Francis I. of France, *68. French drink- ing-cup (16th cent.), 69. Drinking-cup of Frederick IV. (15th cent.), *70. Dish by Chris. Jamnitzer. — XXII. Private jewels of the Austrian im- perial family. 1-4. The Austrian regalia: crown, Sceptre, and imperial globe, of the time of Rudolph II. ; 5. Crown of the empress, reset in 1867. The collection of jewels is of enormous value. 38. The celebrated Floren- time diamond, 133/5 carats in weight, and valued at 57,4497., once the pro- perty of Charles the Bold of Burgundy (it is said to have been found by a peasant after the Battle of Morai and sold to a Bernese merchant for 1 fl. ; it was subsequently purchased by the Grand Duke of Tuscany, and is now set in a hat-clasp). A collection of the decorations of different orders; e.g. an order of the Golden Fleece composed of 150 brilliants, with the so-called “Frankfort solitaire’ (421/2 carats) in the centre; scarf with the Grand Cross of the Maria. Theresa order, with 548 brilliants, with a pink diamond in the centre (26 carats); star of Joseph II. ; magnificent ornaments with rubies, emeralds, etc. — XXIII. The imperial baptismal vessels. – XXIV. State- SWords used at coronations and investitures. – XXV. Coronation-robes. – XXVI. Insignia of Napoleon I. as King of Italy; also the silver-gilt cradle of the King of Rome, weighing 5 cwt. — XXVII. Older coronation-robes. — XXVIII. Historical curiosities: 1. Staff of the president of the imperial Albertina. VIENNA. 35. Route. 203 chamber, presented by Maximilian I. to his privy-counsellor and chancellor, Frederick, Count of Hohenzollern on 13th Oct., 1495. 5. Horoscope (talisman) of Wallenstein. 11. Snuff-box of Prince Kaunitz. — XXIX. Insignia and memorials of the Holy Roman Empire, once preserved at Aix-la-Chapelle, and afterwards at Nuremberg: the crown of Charlemagne, the Sceptre, imperial globe, dalmatica, alb, Stole, girdle, coronation-robe, book of the Gospels; swords of Charlemagne and of St. Mauritius; sabre of Iſaroun- al-Raschid (?); also the relics which were shown during the coronation (frag ment of the ‘true Cross', lance which pierced the Saviour's side, etc.). c. The S.E. Part of the Inner City. In the Josefsplatz (p. 201), opposite the statue, is the Palais Pallavicini (Pl. 74a; No. 5), built in 1784; colossal double Carya- tides at the entrance by Zauner. No. 6, on the right, is the Italian Embassy. On the left is the Stallburg, containing the offices of the Oberstkämmerer and the Oberstmarschall, connected with the main building of the Hofburg by an arcade. In the Augustinergasse, which leads hence S. to the Opera House, is the Augustiner-Kirche (Pl. 47; D, 4; court-church), begun in 1330, a Gothic building with an unusually long choir (nave 61 ft., choir 75 ft. high). The tower, dating from 1850, replaces one burned down in 1848. Opposite the entrance stands the beautiful marble *Monument of the Archduchess Maria Christina (d. 1798, daughter of Empress Maria. Theresa), by Canova. Farther on, to the left, is the door of the Loretto-Kapelle, which contains the hearts of all the emperors and empresses since Mat- thias. In a chapel, adjacent on the left, closed by a gate, is the monu- ment of Emp. Leopold II. (d. 1792), in marble by Zauner. By the wall is the monument of Marshal Daun (d. 1766), erected by Maria. Theresa to this ‘patriae liberator'. Van Swieten (d. 1772), the physician of the Em- press, also reposes here. — Abraham a Sancta Clara (d. 1709) was preacher at this church. Nearly opposite the church is the small Lobkowitz-Platz with the Palais of Prince Lobkowitz (1685-90), now the French Em- bassy. To the right, on the site of the old Bürger-Hospital, rise several fine modern edifices. The handsomest is the Kärntnerhof, with a large glass-covered court, and the imposing Philipp-Hof, in which the Jockey Club is located. Opposite, at the corner of the Augustinerbastei, rises the Albrechts-Brunnen, on the site of the old Rärntner-Thor, erected by Emp. Francis Joseph in 1869, and adorned with marble statues by Meixner. In the centre the Danube with Windobona; on the right the Theiss, Raab, Enns, Traun, and Inn; on the left the Save, March, Salzach, Mur, and Drave. On the Augustinerbastei stands the Palace of Archduke Albert (Pl. 82), built in 1801-4, altered in 1865-67, and containing the * Albertina, or library of the archduke, and a celebrated collection of engravings and drawings (adm. see p. 193). This collection, one of the most valuable in Europe, is chiefly re markable for its Drawings, 117,000 in number. Among them are about 50 by Raphael (including the study of the battle with the Saracens at Ostia, presented by Raphael to Dürer in 1515), 160 by Dürer, 452 by Rubens (nearly all genuine), and 147 by Rembrandt (100 authenticated; the largest existing collection of Rembrandt's drawings). Among the most interesting are the portrait of Emp. Max I., the so-called “Green 204 Route 35. VIENNA. Capuchin Church Passion’, the hare, the flowers, etc., by Dürer, and the numerous etchings and sketches by Rembrandt. The number of Engravings exceeds 220,000, the older masters being copiously represented (Coronation of Mary, a niello by Finiguerra, the works of Marc-Antonio Raimondi in beautiful specimens, etc.). The finest plates are framed and exposed to view in cabinets. – The Library of 50,000 vols., includes many superb old works, historical, military, and relating to the history of art. Also a collection of 24,000 Maps and Plans. Opera House, Ring-Strasse, etc., see p. 220 et seq. The Klostergasse leads to the E. from the Lobkowitz-Platz to the NBw MARKET (Pl. D, 4). The *Fountain in the centre, by Raph. Donner (1739), represents the chief rivers of the Archduchy (Enns, Ybbs, Traun, and March) which fall into the Danube. On the S. side of the Platz (No.8) is Prince Schwarzenberg's Palace. On the W. side is the Capuchin Church (Pl. 49), a rococo edifice of 1622, containing the Imperial Vault. The latter is open to the public on All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day (1st and 2nd Nov.), and to strangers daily, from Easter to All Saints', 9–12 and 1-4, in winter 10–12. Apply to the porter, who rings in the sacristy passage for a guide (a Capuchin, who exspects a donation for the poor). A passage leads down the middle of the long vault, between the numerous coffins (115). In front is the large double sarcophagus of Maria. Theresa (d. 1780) and her husband Francis I. (d. 1765); then Joseph II. (d. 1790); Francis II. (d. 1835); Marie Louise, Empress of the French (d. 1847), and her son the Duke of Reichstadt (d. 1832); Emp. Maximilian of Mexico (d. 1867); Crown Prince Rudolph (d. 1889). In the side-vault on the left Archduke Charles (d. 1847); Leopold II. (d. 1792). In the side-vault to the right the older Sarcophagi, most of them richly decorated: Charles VI. (d. 1740), Leopold I. (d. 1705), Joseph I. (d. 1711), Matthias (d. 1619). The last-named, with his empress, were the first members of the imperial family buried here. The short Schwanengasse leads hence to the busy Kärntner- Strasse, one of the chief arteries of traffic in the inner city (now being widened). Opposite the end of the Schwanengasse, at the corner of the Johannesgasse, is the Maltese Church (Pl. 55), or St. John the Baptist's, attended by Hungarians. It contains an honorary monument in plaster to the Grand Master Lavalette, re- presenting the fortress of Malta. — The Church of St. Anna (Pl. 46), in the adjacent Annagasse, rebuilt in the rococo style after a fire in 1747, formerly a church of the Jesuits, is now used by a French congregation (French sermon on Sundays); the frescoes and picture of the Virgin are by D. Gran. — To the N., Himmelpfort- gasse 8, is the Office of the Minister of Finance, in a rich rococo style, with a handsome vestibule and staircase, erected by Hilde- brand and Fischer von Erlach in 1703; it was originally the pal- ace of Prince Eugene of Savoy, who died here in 1736. — To the E., in the Seilerstätte (Pl. E, 4) is Ronacher's Establishment (p. 191), in the former Stadt-Theater (burned in 1884), and the Palace of the Duke of Coburg (p. 226). From the N. end of the Seilerstätte we return through the Singer-Strasse to the Graben. The Imperial Printing Office (Staats- Old Rathhaus. WIENNA, 35. Route. 205 druckerei, Pl, 40; adm., see p. 193), on the left side of the Singer- Strasse, embraces every kind of graphic reproduction (printing, stereotyping, lithography, etc.). The House of the Teutonic Order (No. 7) occupies the site ºf a commandery and chapel of 1200; the church, richly adorned with coats-of-arms, banners, and monu- ments, erected in 1326, was rebuilt in 1730 and restored recently. From the Stefans-Platz the busy Rothenthurm-Strasse runs N.E. to the Leopoldstadt, No. 10, on the right, is the grand new ‘Ger– maniahof”. The second cross-street to the right (Lugeck, then Bäcker-Str.) leads to the small Universitäts Platz, in which rises the University Church, erected by the Jesuits in 1628–31 in the ro- coco style. The frescoes in the dome, executed by Andr. Pozzo early in the 18th cent., were restored by P. Krafft in 1834; high altar-piece by Kupelwieser. Adjacent (No. 2) is the old building of the University, occupied since 1857 by the Academy of Sciences (founded in 1846). In the Fleischmarkt, the next side-street to the right of the Rothenthurm-Str., stands the Greek Church (Pl. 52; E, 3), built in 1804. The new Byzantine façade, designed by Hansen, was added in 1858 at the cost of Baron Sina (d. 1876); the frescoes on gold ground are by Rahl. The vestibule contains paintings by Bit- terlich and Eisenmenger, and the rich interior is adorned with frescoes by Thiersch. — The Church of St. Barbara (Pl. 48), in the neighbouring Postgasse, carefully restored in 1852, belongs to the ‘United Greek’ congregation. In the same street are the Office of the Minister of Commerce (No. 8), the Post-Office Savings-Bank (No. 9), and the General Post Office (Nos. 10 & 12). d. The N. W. Part of the Inner City. From the N.W. end of the Graben the Naglergasse and Bogner- gasse (observe memorial-tablet on No. 1) lead straight to the Hof and the Freyung, while the Tuchlauben to the right (No. 8 the Aus- trian Kunstverein, p. 194) leads to the HoHE MARKT (PI. D, 3), said to have been the forum of the Roman Windobona (p. 196). The Sina Palace (No.8), restored by Hansen and decorated by Rahl, is part of the Berghof, the oldest house in Vienna, where the Roman Praetorium is supposed once to have stood (inscription). In the centre rises a Votive Monument designed by Erlach, representing , the marriage of the Virgin, erected by Charles VI. in 1732 to comme- morate the bravery of Emp. Joseph I. at the siege of Landau, and restored in 1852. On each side of it is a fountain. Between the Hohe Markt and the Danube lay the old Jews' Quarter. From the N. angle of the Markt the new Marc-Aurel-Str. and Worlauf-Str. lead to the Salzgries and the Danube. — No. 8 Wipplinger Str., a little to the W., is the Old Rathhaus (Pl. 80), the oldest part of 206 Route 35. WIENNA. Harrach Gallery. which, next to the Salvatorgasse, dates from 1455, and the façade in front from 1706. It now contains the Educational Echibition (“Lehr- mittel-Ausstellung’; adm. see p. 193; interesting to teachers). In the court is a Fountain with Perseus and Andromeda by Donner. Opposite, No. 11, at the corner of the Judenplatz, are the offices of the Minister of the Interior, erected by Fischer von Erlach in 1716. Adjoining the old Rathhaus is the Salvator- or Rathhaus-Ka- pelle (Pl. 61), consisting of two chapels united by an archway, the older dating from 1360, the other, and the fine Renaissance portal, from 1540. Tower added in 1867. The chapel is used by an Old- Catholic congregation. The church of Maria - Stiegen (“Maria am Gestade'; Pl. 58) in the Salvatorgasse, attended by the Bohemians, dates from 1340–65, the best Gothic period, and was restored in 1820, Handsome altars and old and modern stained glass. The narrow and lofty nave, with- out aisles, joins the choir in a slightly oblique direction. The hepta- gonal tower (190 ft.) terminates in an elegant open-work dome. We now return to the Wipplinger-Str., where we have a glimpse, between Nos. 22 and 24, of the ‘Tiefe Graben' below. The Färber- gasse leads hence to the HoF (Platz am Hof; Pl. D, 3), the largest square in the interior of the city, where stood, as an inscription on No. 44 (see below) records, the old castle of the margraves and dukes of the house of Babenberg (p. 196). In the centre rises a Marien- säule, erected by Leopold I. in 1664. In the S.E. corner of the Platz is the War Office (No. 44). Adjoining it is the Church am Hof (Pl. 45), formerly belonging to the Jesuits, of the 15th cent., with a rococo façade added in 1662. The handsome building opposite is the Austrian Credit-Anstalt (Pl. 25; No. 6), adorned with six statues by Gasser. The Civic Arsenal (Pl. 109), in the N.W. corner of the Platz, built in 1562, with a façade of 1732, has yielded its collec- tion of weapons to the New Rathhaus (p. 210). The FREYUNG, the adjoining Platz on the W., is adorned with a * Fountain by Schwanthaler, a column wreathed with oak-leaves, bearing a figure of Austria; below, the Danube, Elbe, Vistula, and Po. On the left (No. 3) is Count Harrach's Palace (Pl. 87), built in 1689, containing a fine winter-garden and the Harrach Picture Gallery (on the second floor; adm. see p. 194; entrance by the door on the left; two stairs up). The 400 pictures are well arranged in three rooms and two cabinets, and lighted from above. Cata- logues obtainable. I. Room. Flemish and Dutch Schools. 1. Fyt, Fruit; 4. Heda, Still- . life; 14-15. Walkenburg, Still-life; 16. Jac. van Es, Fishmonger; 17. Paul Potier (?), Cows; 21. Berchem, Forest-scene; 22. F. Snyders, Stag-hunt; *169. Flemish School, Three girls with musical instruments; 45. Weenia, Abra- ham’s migration; 16. Style of Holbein, Portrait (Moritz v. Ellen 2); 53, 56. D. Teniers the Younger, Boors smoking, Writer and violin-player; 69. Ry- ckaert, Plunderers; 72. Flinck, Portrait of a young man; 73. Beek, Portrait of a man; Owen, 75. Girl with a dead hen, 76. Girl with grapes; 78. Griffier, Green- wich; 82. W. van de Velde, Malta; 86. Griffier, Windsor; 111, 114. Cornelis Schottenkirche, VIENNA. 35. Route. 207 de Waal, Camp in the Thirty Years' War. — II. Room. French and Ita- lian Schools. *118. Claude Lorrain, Sunset; 121. J. Vernet, Landscape (in- jured by a bullet during the bombardment of 1848); 125. And, del Sarto (?), Holy Family; 430. A. Sabbatini, Holy Family reposing; 139. After Veronese, Christ washing the feet of his disciples; Tintoretto, {42. Crucifixion, 144. Temptation of St. Anthony; 153. M. de Vos, Descent from the Cross; 157. After Veronese, The widow of Darius before Alexander the Great; 165. Albani, Repose on the Flight into Egypt; 170. Ciro Ferri, Adoration of the Shepherds; *187. Raphael Mengs, Nativity; *488. Battoni, Susanna in the bath; 205. J. Vernet, Landscape; 202. Maratta, Repose on the Flight into Egypt; *201, 208, 240-246. J. Vernet, Landscapes. – III. Room. Italian, Spa- mish, and French Schools. 233. Mattia Preti, Murder of Ammon; 239. Fabr. di Santafede, Madonna and Child, with St. Anna and St. Cajetan ; 240. Soli- mena, Adam and Eve; 265, 267. Salvator Rosa, Rocky landscapes; 259. Cara- vaggio, Lucretia; 260. Ribera, St. Jerome; 261. Salv. Rosa, St. Jerome; 264. Ribera, Queen of Heaven; *268. Salvator Rosa, St. Bartholomew; *270. Mu- rillo (?), Esau selling his birthright; P. da Cortona, *272 Capture of Samson, *276. Abraham’s sacrifice; *280. Luca Giordano, Isaac blessing Jacob ; 281. Cav. Massimo, Massacre of the Innocents. – The 1st CABINET or Tribuna contains the gems of the collection. 289. Canaletto, The Freyung, with the Palais Harrach; 290. G. Schalcken, Peter recognised by the high-priest’s maid; *292. Careño, Philip IV. of Spain; *294. Hobbema, Landscape; **296. B. van Orley, Adoration of the Magi; 298. P. Brueghel, The Seven Works of Mercy; *303. Van Dyck, Portrait; 304. Rubens, Head of a child; *306. Velazquez, Infanta of Spain in the dress of a cardinal; *314. Dom. Ghir- landajo, Nativity; 315. Jac. Ruisdael, Landscape; 317. Veronese, St. Law- rence; 318. Careño, Maria Anna d’Austria, widow of Philip IV. ; 322. Rem- brandt (school-piece), Niece of the Duc de Nivernois; *323. Everdingen, Rocky landscape; 324. Rubens, Heads of Moors; 325. Dürer (?), Portrait; 326. Cuyp, Cows; 827. Van Gouda, Portrait; *330. Titian, St. Sebastian; 337. Murillo, Crucifixion; 340. Alfaro, Nun; 341. Seb. del Piombo, Bearing of the Cross. – 2nd CABINET (minor works). 350. After Pietro Perugino, Madonna enthroned, with the Child and two saints; 363. Correggio (?), Christ on the Mt. of Olives; 364, Luini, Madonna. Beyond the Herrengasse (No. 4) is the Palace of Prince Kinsky, with a rich façade, built by Hildebrand in 1710 for Count Daun. Opposite, between the Freyung, Schottengasse, and Schottensteig- gasse, lies the spacious Schottenhof (p. 197). The Schottenkirche (Pl. 62), built in 1638-62, with a superb high-altar, restored by Ferstel, and paintings by Sandrart, contains the tombs of Count Starhemberg (d. 1701), the brave defender of the city against the Turks in 1683, and of Duke Heinrich Jasomirgott (d. 1477; handsome sarcophagus in the vault). At the N.E. corner of the Platz, Renngasse 4, is Count Schön- born's Palace (Pl. 91), with its Picture Gallery (first floor; adm., see p. 194; door to the right in the entrance). Catalogues on sale. I. ROOM. 5, 7. Cranach, Portraits; 9. J. Brueghel, A village fair ; 12. Caravaggio, Lute-player; 13. Giorgione, Man in armour'; 15. Wynants, Land- Scape ; 17. Rubens, Faun with a basket of fruit; 18. F. Bo!, Hagar in the descri ; 19. Van Dyck, Cupid. – II. Roomſ. 25, 28. Weenia, Game; 27. Te- wiers the Younger, A savant; 31. Dan. Gran, The Prodigal Son; 32. Van Goyen, View of Dort; 36. Carlo Dolci, Portrait; *44. Holbein, Portrait of a man; 42. Verschuring, Seaport-town ; #3.ifasu, The letter-writer; 45. Mignon, Madonna surrounded with flowers; 46. Guido Reni, Diana; 47. Hondecoeter, Poultry; 48. Cignani, Venus and Cupid ; 49. Domenichino, A general. — ROOM III. : 52. Ostade, Peasants merry-making; 55. Flemish Master, Adora- tion of the Magi; 56. Unknown Masier, Joseph in prison; 68. Rügendas, Cavalry skirmish; 69. Brouwer, Village leech; 73. J. Ruysdael, Landscape; 74. Dou, A Savant; 76. J. Ruysdael, Château of Bentheim; 79. After Remº 208 Route 35. VIENNA. Ring-Strasse. brandt, Descent from the Cross; 83. Early German School, Eve; 86. Rubens, Study of a head for the Lion Hunt at Munich; 90. Van Dyck, Virgin and Child; 92. Griffier, Rhenish scene; *93. Rembrandt, The blinding of Sam- son; 96. Van Goyen, Landscape; 97. After Guido Reni, Ecce Homo. — IV. Roomſ : 100. Early German School, Adam; 103. Griffier, Rhenish scene; 106, J. Weenia, Dead birds; 109. Teniers the Younger, The Temptation: 111. A. van der Weer, Winter-scene. Adjoining the Harrach Palace on the left is the Bankgebäude (No. 2), erected by Ferstel in 1856–60 in the Italian Renaissance style. The passage contains a pretty fountain in bronze with a nymph of the Danube by Fernkorn. — The court of the Monte- nuovo Palace (now the Anglo-Austrian Bank), Strauchgasse 1, is adorned with a fountain-group of *St. George and the Dragon by Fernkorn. . . . The HERRENGAssB leads to the left to the Michaeler-Platz (p. 199). No. 13 is the Niederösterreichische Landhaus, or hall of the Diet of Lower Austria, erected by Pichl in 1839, with a good façade. INTERIOR. Observe the old chapel with an altar-piece by Geyling (designed by L. V. Schnorr) and a fine mosaic pavement. Assembly-hall, with a fresco by A. Belucci. Room of the Prelates and Barons. MSS. Room with beautiful ceiling-paintings of 16th cent. (battles between Ro- man Catholics and Protestants) and two fine marble portals. Library Hall with handsome old timber roof and curious door opening either way. — The Landhaus, contains the collections of the Imperial Agricultural Society (adm., see p. 193). On the right (No. 11) is the Statthalterei, with a ceiling-paint- ing in the great hall by Kupelwieser. The back of the Landhaus adjoins the Minoriten-Platz. The Minorite Church (Pl. 60), that of the Italians, built in the 14th cent., with a handsome E. portal, contains an admirable *Mosaic (30 ft. long, 15 ft. high) of Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper, by Raffaeli, executed in 1806–14, by order of Napoleon, at a cost of 400,000 fl., and placed here in 1846. On the right is the monument of the poet Metastasio (d. 1782), a sitting figure in marble, by Lucardi. — A little to the S., on the N. side of the Burg, is the Ballhaus-Platz with the Foreign and Crown Office. By the Löwel-Str. and the Bankgasse (No. 9 in which is the imposing Palace of Prince Liechtenstein, erected in 1694) we may now return to the Herrengasse to the right, or proceed to the left to the Franzens-Ring (see below). e. The Ring-Strasse. The *Ring-Strasse, 62 yds. in breadth, which with the Franz- Josephs-Quai (see p. 228) encircles the inner city, has been con- structed since 1858 mainly on the site of the old ramparts and glacis. From the Aspern Bridge to the end of the Schottenring it is 2 M. in length. Apart from a number of disfiguring buildings erected by speculators, it is architecturally one of the finest streets in Europe. Beginning at the Franz-Josephs-Quai (p. 228) is the SCHOTTEN- University. WHENNA. 35, Route. 209 RING (Pl. D, 3). On the left rises the *Exchange (Pl. 11a), built in 1872-77 in the Renaissance style, by Hansen and Tietz, a rect- angular edifice (108 by 100 yds.). The vestibule and great hall are worth seeing. On the first floor (entrance from the Börsen- gasse) is the *Handels-Museum (adm. see p. 193), a rich collection of natural products, manufactures, models, etc., E. Asia being well represented, Reading Room with Oriental and other journals. – Behind the Exchange, Börsen-Platz 1, is the Central Telegraph Office (Pl. 97a). Farther on we observe the Police Office (Pl. 76) on the right; then, at the corner of the Hessgasse, the Stiftungs- haus (Pl. 95a), a charitable institution, with an ‘expiatory chapel’ on the first floor, erected by Fr. Schmidt, at the cost of the Em- peror, on the site of the Ring Theatre, which was burned down with appalling loss of life in 1881. º In the triangular Macmilians-Platz, between the Währinger- Str. and the Universitäts-Str., rises the *Votivkirche (Heilands- kirche; Pl. 54; C, 3), a beautiful Gothic church, erected from designs by Ferstel in 1856–79, in memory of the Emperor's escape from assassination in 1853. Fine façade, with two slender open towers, 325 ft, high, and numerous statues. Interior lavishly en- riched with gilding and painting, and adorned with 78 stained- glass windows. (Open daily 6-11 and 4-6.) The Salmkapelle, ad- joining the N. transept, contains the monument of Marshal Niklas Salm (d. 1530), the defender of Vienna against Soliman II. in 1529. The monument was brought from Raitz, near Brünn, in 1878. Opposite is the superb font. The Schottenring is continued to the S. by the * FRANZENS-RING (Pl. C, 3, 4), where a number of grand new buildings make this section of the Ringstrasse the finest part of Vienna. On the right rises the *University (adm., see p. 194), a vast quadrangular structure in the early Tuscan Renaissance style, built by Ferstel, containing the university collections, the library, and most of the lecture-rooms. A flight of steps ascends to the portico, which is adorned with sculptures, and opens on the vestibule of the lofty Aula. The centre of the W. façade is occupied by the University Library, built on the model of that of Ste. Geneviève at Paris, and containing 320,000 vols. and a fine reading-room, divided according to faculties (296 seats; open in summer 9-5, in winter 9–1 and 5-8). — On the right side of the arcades in the quadrangle are placed the busts of distinguished professors: R. v. Eitelberger, J. B. Qua- rini, F. Schuh, G. B. van Swieten, J. Hyrtl, A. J. v. Stifft, Joh. and Th. v. Oppolzer. The University, founded in 1365, reorganised under Maria. Theresa by the celebrated physician Van Swieten, and now attended by about 6000 Students, has a staff of 347 professors and lecturers. The medical faculty enjoys a European reputation. To the University belong also the Obser- vatory (p. 238); the Physical Institute (IX. Türken-Str. 3); the Botanical Garden with herbaria (III. Rennweg 14, see p. 230); the Chemical Labo- Tatory (p. 234); the Pathological Museum (in the General Hospital, p. 234); BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. 14 210 Route 35. VIENNA. Rathhaus. the Protestant Theological Faculty (IX. Mariannengasse 25, Alsergrund); the Anatomical Institute (IX. Währinger-Str. 13; see p. 234), etc. No. 7 Universitäts-Str., beyond the University, is the General- commando (Pl. 35a), or Offices of the Commander-in-Chief, in the Renaissance style, erected in 1872–74 by Doderer. Portal embell- ished with Atlantes by Pilz. — Opposite the University, on the left side of the Ring-Str., where the Melker Bästei joins it, a mon- ument has lately been erected to Liebenberg (burgomaster of Vienna during the Turkish siege of 1663), by Silbernagel. From the S. side of the University to the Reichsraths-Gebäude extends the attractive Rathhaus-Park. (Concerts on summer after- noons, see p. 191.) On the W. side of the park, about two hun- dred paces from the Franzens-Ring, rises the *Rathhaus (adm., see p. 194), built in 1873-83 by Schmidt in the Gothic style, at a cost of 15 million florins, and lavishly enriched with statues. The stately tower, 320 ft. in height, is crowned with a banner-bearer in copper. On three sides the tower is adorned with reliefs of Emp. Francis Joseph I., Rudolph of Habsburg, and Duke Rudolph the ‘Stifter' (by Zumbusch, Kundmann, and Gasser). The interior in- cludes a large quadrangle, flanked with arcades, and six smaller courts. Observe in particular the Magistrates’ Courts; the impos- ing Council Chamber with frescoes by Müller; the ‘Volkshalle' under the tower; the two main staircases, with their marble co- lumns and gilded railings; and the lofty Reception Hall, contain- ing statues of ten former Burgomasters of Vienna. The balconies afford a good view of the grand edifices enclosing the Rathhaus- Park. On the first floor are the Municipal Library (valuable books relating to Vienna, etc.; open daily, except Sun, 9–1); and the *Historical Museum of the City of Vienna, united with the MUNI- CIPAL MUSEUM of WEAPONs (reached by main staircase No. II. ; adm., see p. 193). I. SECTION. Monuments from St. Stephen's : 1-116. Statues of Austrian dukes and saints of 14th and 15th cent. ; Sun and Moon which crowned a tower of 15th cent. ; stained-glass of 15th cent. ; remains of wall-paintings of 13th cent. ; 117-136. Coffins, votive stones, relics of Roman bath, capi- tals of columns, coins; 137-186. Pre-Christian antiquities from the en- virons; mediaeval and modern stone monuments. – II. SECTION: 187-222. Plans of Vienna; studies of Roman Vienna and of mediaeval extensions (Nos. 188-199); original plan of 1488-55 (No. 200); others of 1547 by Hirsch- vogel and Wolmut (201-3), by Suttinger of 1684 (205), by Anguissola and Marinoni of 1706 (206), by Mugel of 1770 (207), etc. Nos. 223-595. Views; 223. Oldest view, of 1483; 225, 226. By Hirschvogel, 1547; 227. By Lauten- sack, 1558; 229. By J. W. Vischer and Hufnagel, 1640; 230-232. By M. Vischer, 1675; 233, 234. By Suttinger, 1676; 235. By Folbert van Allen, 1680–82; 249-252. By Delsenbach, 1749; 253, 254. By Pfeffel and Kleiner, 1730-37; 255. Large bird’s-eye view by J. D. Huber, 1774; views of 18th and 19th cent. in oils and water-colours (observe those by Jacob, Franz, and Rudolf Alt (Nos. 488-491. Makart’s studio and the Old Rathhaus); by Varonne; by Charlemont (468-470. Interior of Amerling Museum); and Emil Hütter; engravings by Pfeffe!, Kleiner, Schütz, Ziegler, and others. Views of the fortifications from 16th cent. down to their recent demoli- tion. Nos. 596-761. Historical events; 601. Panorama by Meldemann, showing the position of the Turks in 1529; 604-617. Turkish officers and Historical Museum. VIENNA. 35. Route. 211 soldiers of 1529; 626-670. Scenes from the Turkish siege of 1683, includ- ing a large oil-painting by Wyk; entries of emperors, doing of homage, weddings, memorials of Maria. Theresa and Joseph II., French invasions of 1805 and 1809, Revolution of 1848 (in oils, water-colours, engravings, etc.). Nos. 762-897. Costumes and fashions of 18th and 19th cent. Nos. 898-944. Festivals, balls, concerts. Nos. 945-4165. Eminent persons of 16th cent. downwards, in oils, miniatures, wood-cuts, etc. — III. SECTION: 1166. Guild signs of 15th cent. ; 1168–1178. Emblems of ancient jurisdic- tion, instruments of torture and execution ; 1167, 1184, 1201, 1202, 1218. Flags and banners of guilds; 1193–1195, 1223, 1273, 1274. Guild cabinets; 1485-1492, 1197–1206, 1209, 1210, 1219-1222, 1228-1263, 1269-1272, 1276, 1277. Militia of Vienna from 16th to middle of 19th cent. ; 1278-1328. Original weights and measures; 1332, 1833. Masons’ and architects' signs; 1376-1482. Portraits of poets, musicians, actors, and interiors of theatres; 1451, 1458. Pianos of Mozart and Schubert ; 1483-1581. Autographs of Gluck, Mozart, Haydn, Grillparzer, and Raimund; pictures, costumes, flags, and groups from the Vienna Festival of 1887; model of the inner city with the bas- tions and glacis (1852-54). — Grillparzer Room: in the antechamber por- traits of the poet, his parents, and the Fröhlich family; adjoining room and cabinet containing his furniture and library; glass-cases containing his MSS., honorary diplomas, efc. IV. SECTION (*Museum of Weapons): 1460 objects in 7 rooms. I. ANTE-Roomſ. Escutcheons from the obsequies of Emp. Frederick IV.; Milan armour; Gothic equestrian accoutrements (16th cent.); escutcheons of 15th-16th cent. ; artistically painted targets, with the rare Ahlspiesse, or pikes of the 16th cent., a specialty of the collection. — II., ROOM. Two- handed and other swords, daggers, arquebuses (15th and 16th cent.). — III. Room. Spears, pikes, lances; armour, some of it finely chased (Nos. 592, 593 of ſ5th cent.). In glass-cases fire-arms (15th and 16th cent.), cross-bows, wheel-lock muskets and revolvers, rifles, catapults. By the . walls groups of armour, Shields, pikes, etc.; flag of Vienna used during both the Turkish sieges. – IV. ROOM. Iron-gray and black suits of ar- mour; equestrian suits; Hungarian breast-plate: numerous trophies from the second Turkish siege (1683), flanked with busts of Charles of Lorraine and Starhemberg; the skull of the Grand Vizier Kara Mustapha (?), with the silken cord with which he was strangled at Belgrade in 1683 after his unsuccessful siege of Vienna; his grave-clothes with Arabic inscriptions (the body was exhumed after the taking of Belgrade, and the head cut off and brought to Vienna); the ‘Banner of Blood”, captured from the Turks in 1684; other Turkish flags, horse-tails, arms, implements, etc. On the walls lint-stocks, wheel-lock muskets, banner of the bakers’ guild. From the ceiling hangs the fine standard of Count Herberstein, a knight of St. John. — V. Room. Turkish weapons from the wars of Prince Eugene and Marshal Laudon; French weapons of 1805-9, grouped round a bust of Emp. Francis I. Weapons and banners of the Municipal Guards of Vienna; blunderbusses. The cases contain ornamented Swords, daggers, and Turkish ‘hanjars". — VI. ROOM (Corridor). Hofer's Alpenstock; muskets of the Vienna National Guard of 4848; weapons and banners of the Muni- cipal Guards; six cannon presented to the citizens by the emperor in 1809; uniforms worn by Emp. Francis I. at the Battle of Leipsic und the Entry into Paris. Busts of Wrbna and Saurau. — VII. Room. Weapons of the Vienna National Guard; banners of the Students’ Corps of 1848 and the Tyrolese riflemen of 1848 and 1859; models of the Vienna Volunteers (1859 und 1866). Opposite the Rathhaus, on the E. side of the Ring-Str., is the new *Hofburg Theatre (Pl. C., 3), in the later Renaissance style, designed by Semper and Hasenauer, and opened in 1888 (2000 seats). EXTERIOR adorned with sculptures by Kundmann (Apollo and the Muses of Comedy and Tragedy, above the attic of the central part), by Wey,' (Triumph of Bacchus, bas-relief over the entrance), by Edm. Hofmann and Tilgner (Busts of Calderon, Shakespeare, Molière, Lessing, Goethe, Schiller, Hebbel, Grillparzer, Halm), by Benk (Allegories), by Costenoble, 14% 212 Route 35. VIENNA. Reichsrathsgebäude. Gasser, and others. — The ceiling-paintings of the two *STAIRCASEs, by Matsch and the brothers Klimt, pourtray the development of the drama. Each staircase is embellished with two allegorical figures by Benk and statues of famous actors. Ceiling-paintings in the vestibules by Karger, in the Foyer by Charlemont. The walls of the latter are adorned with portraits of actors; in the lunettes and domes, paintings by R. Russ and Charlemont. — The INTERIOR of the theatre itself is enriched with sculp- tures by Weyr and Tilgner, and with paintings by Hynais. Observe in the sumptuous ‘rooms leading to the imperial boxes the frieze (figures of children and animals) by Eisenmenger and a statue of Klytia by Benk. Next, on the right side of the Ring-Str., facing the Volksgarten, is the imposing *Reichsrathsgebäude, or Houses of Parliament (adm., see p. 194), in the Greek style, by Hansen. A broad ap- proach leads to the portico, borne by columns. Adjacent is the atrium, from which we enter the magnificent peristyle, borne by 24 monolithic marble columns and adorned with a frieze of histor- ical events. The Chamber of Deputies on the left and the Upper House on the right form two independent buildings, adorned with marble statues and basreliefs and crowned at the corners with bronze quadrigae. The lower wings uniting these buildings contain the offices, committee-rooms, etc. Beyond the Houses of Parliament, to the left, in the Volks- garten–Str., is the Justizpalast or *Palace of Justice, built in the German Renaissance style by Wielemanns in 1875-81, and contain- ing the supreme courts of the Austrian empire. In the magnificent hall in the centre rises a marble statue of Justice by Pendl, 10 ft. in height. — Beyond the Justizpalast.is the *Deutsche Volkstheater (Pl. C, 4), in the Italian Renaissance style, designed by Fellner and Helmer. Sculptures on the chief façade by Vogl, those in the interior by Friedl. Ceiling-paintings and curtain by Veith. — The Platz in front of it is embellished with a monument to the poet Ferd. Raimund (d. 1836). In the Maria-Theresia-Platz, in the BURGRING (Pl. C, 5), op- posite the Burgthor, rises the grand *Maria. Theresa Monument, erected by Emp. Francis Joseph in 1888, in bronze, designed by Zwmbusch. Pedestal by Hasenawer. Enthroned on a marble pedestal 43 ft. in height, is seated the bronze figure of the Empress (19 ft. high), at the age of thirty-five. The right hand is outstretched in an attitude of Salutation. In the left she grasps the sceptre and the Pragmatic Sanction, emblem of the unity of the empire. Below, on projecting plinths, are the equestrian figures of (r.) Laudon and (1.) Daun, and at the back (r.) Traun and (1.) Khevenhüller. Between these stand four tall figures: in front the Chancellor, Prince Kaunitz, at the back Prince Wenzel Liechtenstein, organiser of the army, on the left Haugwitz, the jurist, and on the right Van Swieten, the physician. In niches on the upper part of the plinth are placed portrait- groups of distinguished men of the period: above Kaunitz are Starhem- berg, Bartenstein, and Mercy; above Liechtenstein are generals Lacy, Hadik, and Nadasdy ; above Haugwitz are placed Bruckenthal, Grassal- kovits, Rieger, Martini, and Sonnenfels; and above Van Swieten we ob- serve Eckhel, the numismatist, Pray, the historian, then Gluck and Haydn holding young Mozart by the hand. Still higher are ideal figures of Strength, Wisdom, Justice, and Clemency, which lead up to the crown- ing statue of the illustrious empress. Natural History Mus, VIENNA, 35. Route, 213 Flanking the Maria-Therosia-Platz are the now *Imperial Mu- seums, two exactly similar buildings in the Italian Renaissance style, erected by Hasenauer, partly from designs by Semper, in 1872–89. That on the W. side contains the natural history, and hat on the E. side the art-history collections belonging to the im- perial family. The *Natural History Museums forms a vast rectangle (175 by 77 yds.), the corners and centre of which are relieved with slightly projecting avant-corps adorned with columns. Of the four stories, the first and second, with their lofty arched windows, contain the chief part of the extensive collections, which originated with the purchase, by Emp. Francis I. in 1748, of the collection of J. v. Baillou of Florence. The present intendant is Franz v. Hauer, the distin- guished geologist. (Adm., see p. 194; sticks and umbrellas must be given in charge.) The figures which enrich the ExTERIOR indicate the object of the building. On the dome is a colossal figure of Helios in bronze, by J. Benk, while the four canopies flanking the dome contain Hephæstus, Posei- don, Gaea, and Urania, by Silbernagel. In the span drils of the dome and on the attic of the central avant-corps are Victories by Haerdāl and Kund- mann. On the balustrade are portrait-statues of 34 pioneers of natural science, each 10 ft. in height. Over the windows of the 2nd floor are portrait-heads of 64 maturalists; then in 12 medallions of the 2nd ſloor, in 44 spandrils of the great windows, and in 12 niches of the avant-corps are allegorical figures which the official guide explains (p. 214). Between the columns of the central projection, on the ground-floor, are sculptures: in front Europe and America with Australia, by Kundmann; at the back Asia and Africa by P. Wagner. The ENTRANCE is under the dome, in the centre of the façade. The dome of the VESTIBULE is adorned with 8 medallion - portraits of former directors of the museum by Jos. Laac. A short flight of steps leads thence to the Hoch parterre or raised ground-floor to the right, while the grand staircase ascends straight to the foyer or corridor of the first floor. The large ceiling-painting of the STAIRCASE (Life's career) and the 12 allego- rical figures in the lunettes are by Canon; 8 portrait-statues on the wall- pillars by Tilgner, etc. The niches of the dome of the foyer are filled with allegorical figures by Tilgner; above these runs a pleasing frieze with animals, by Benk. The spandrils of the windows contain reliefs by Weyr. The collections are arranged as follows: — A. Hochparterre. Rooms I-V. MINERALog ICAL-PETRoGRAPHICAL DE- PARTMENT. 1. Terminological collection of minerals explanatory of char- acteristics (Room I; central cases); 2. Laboratory crystals (Rooms I, II; back of cases in the middle) ; 3. Dynamic collection of minerals (R. I; wall-cases); 4. Systematic collection of minerals according to the chemical system of Groth (R. II-IV ; central cases; see also in R. I, central table ; in R. II, III, the cases on the transverse walls); 5. Technical collection, mining products (R. II, III; cases on the back wall); 6. Precious stones (R. III; tables in the window-niches); 7. Objects of art in mineral sub- stances (R. III, IV; end of middle-cases) ; 8. Technical collection, build- ing materials (R. IV; wall-cases); 9. Rock collection (R. W.; wall-cases); 10. Meteorites (R. W.; central cases and tables by the windows). — Rooms VI-X. GEOLOGICAL-PAL.A. on Tolo GICAL DEPARTMENT. 1. Physico-Palaeon- tological Section (R. VI; wall and central cases); 2. ‘Hieroglyphs", or marks left by animals etc. on rock-strata (R. VI; cases 86-92); 3. Dynamic- geological collection (R. VII; cases 1-12); 4. Rocks and fauna of the palaeozoic, mesozoic, and caenozoic periods (R. VII-IX); 5. Ilarger mam- mals and birds of the caenozoic formation (R. X). — Rooms XI-XIII. PRE- 214 Route 35. VIENNA. Natural History Mus. HISTORIC CollBCTION. R. XI: Earlier flint or palaeolithic period, later flint period, bronze period; XII: Bronze and ‘Hallstatt' periods; XIII: Hallstatt or first iron period, La Tène or second iron period, Roman period, and period of the migrations. – Rooms XIV-XIX: ETHNOGRAPHI- CAL Co.LECTION. XIV: W., N., and E. Asia; XV: India and the Malay archipelago; XVI: Malay archipelago, Melanesia; XVII: Australia, New Zealand, South-Sea Islands; XVIII: S. America, (part of) N. America; SIDE-Rooms XVIII, a, b, XIX, a, b : N. America, American antiquities; R. XIX: Africa. & B. First Floor. ZooLog ICAL DEPARTMENT. R. XXI: Sponges, in- fusoria, sea-urchins, worms; R. XXII: Insects: R. XXII, c.: Crabs, spiders, etc.; R. XXIII: Mollusca; R. XXIV-XXVI: Fishes; R. XXVII, XXVIII: Batrachia and reptiles; R. XXIX-XXXI: Birds; R. XXXIV-XXXIX: Mam- Imalia. - C. Second Floor, BotANICAL DEPARTMENT. R. L-LI: Herbarium ; R. LIV: Choice specimens. The other rooms on this floor, containing Zoological, geological, anthropological, and ethnographical Special Collec- tions, are not open to the public. i Visitors with 2-3 hrs. only at command had better confine their at- tention to the two principal floors. The following description notes the chief objects of interest. For fuller information see the official “Allge- meine Führer' (60 kr.: sold by the door-keeper and the attendants). Prähristor. Samml, XI-XIII Geol Salim mill. VI-X XII XI - IX VIII VIſ 2. * B. ×VII H > VIII XIX Ethnogr. Samml.XTV-XIX Mirieral. Sarnimi. I-V From the Vestibule we ascend the short flight of stairs to the right to the – Hochparterre. The 19 chief rooms are adorned with 112 * Wall Paint- ings by the best Austrian artists, illustrative of the different collections (with inscriptions above them of the subject and the painter). A. Miner- alogical-Petrographical Collection. Room I: Large rock-crystals and other specimens by the 2nd window-pier and on the central table; artificial crystals at the back of the central cases. – Room II: Large and choice specimens in the cases on the transverse walls (No. 101, 102. Diamonds and precious metals). — Room III: . In the central case the famous *Jewel-bouquet in a vase of rock-crystal, presented by Empress Maria. The- resa to her husband Francis I. (valued at 6000 l. stg.). Adjacent, on the left, “Opal from Czerwenitza in Hungary, perfectly pure (valued at 200,000 l.). Opposite, in the tables of the central window, jewels, raw, polished, and set, particularly diamonds of various colours. — Room V: in the central cases, collection of *Meteorites, the finest in Europe, from about 430 different places. Thus, in the 1st case, a meteorite from Knya- himya in Hungary, 660 lbs. in weight (the finding of which is the subject of the central wall-painting). In the other cases, Smaller meteorites. In the last central case, large fragments of meteoric iron and a piece of telluric iron from Ovifak in Greenland. By the central window, stalac- tites from the Adelsberg Cavern. — B. Geological-Palaeontological Collec- Natural History Mus, VIENNA. 35. Route. 215 tion. Room VI: To the right, by the door, “Emp. Francis I. with the directors of his collections, an oil-painting by F. Mesmer. Wall-cases to the left of the door and at the back: Impressions and stems of coal-form- ing plants. – Room VII: By the window-wall, limestone slab with marks of erosion, from Divacca. — Room VIII: In frames on the walls, water- lilies (observe No. 103) and ichthyosauri from the Swabian lias. – Room IX: In frames by the door of exit, diluvial skeleton of mountain-goat. — Room X: “Skeletons of bears, lions, and a huge stag found in caverns; in the large central press, *skeletons of moas, the extinct giant-bird of New Zealand; in the two central presses, remains of large diluvial bones; in the middle of the wall-case at the back (Nos. 13-16) remains of pleio- cene *mammalia, from Maragha, in Persia. — C. Pre-Historic Collection. Room XI: In the first central press, (No. 8) human skull of the earliest ſlint-period, from a cavern at Lautsch in Moravia; in the 2nd and 3rd central cases, (Nos. 20-34) relics from lake-dwellings of the later flint and the bronze periods. – Room XII: In the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th central cases, and by the first window, *relics from tombs and mines at Hallstatt in Upper Austria (first iron or ‘Hallstatt” period); by the second window- pier and by the exit, urns from a tumulus at Gemeinlebarn, Lower Austria; in the wall-case on the left, (Nos. 76-78, 55-60) rich yield of the Byciskala Cavern in Moravia. — Room XIII: Wall-cases right and left of the ent- rance, and 1st central case, implements of the first iron period from Waatsch in Carniola (observe No. 12, part of a girdle with embossed figures); in the 3rd central case, relics of the Celtic or second iron period (note Nos. 35-39). — D. Ethnographical Collection. Room XIV: By the window opposite the entrance, two Arabian *crystal lamps from Cairo; by the next window, a large Chinese bell; in the 2nd central case, (Nos. 19-21) Chinese bronze, cloisonné, and silver-filigree vases; in the 3rd cen- tral case, (No. 25) below, two ancient Chinese boxes of red lack, (Nos. 27, 28) silk mantles for ladies of the court; in the 3rd and 4th central cases, (Nos. 31-48) Japanese weapons and apparel (in part very ancient and valuable); by the window-piers, Japanese suits of armour; in the large case at the back, (Nos. 79-85) altars. — Room XV: In the 1st central case, (No. 2) old Indian ornaments; 4th central case, (Nos. 43–48) . Javan wea- pons, some of them very old; wall-case at the back, (No. 2) magicians’ wands of the Battas in Sumatra ; wall-case by the third window (No. 85) skull-trophies of the Dajaks of Borneo; by the adjoining window, meat figures of the Javan Wayang (‘shad, w”) game. — Room XVI: Wall-case to the right, by the door, (Nos. 73–76) ancient vessels from the Philip- pines, some of them in pale-green porcelain; by the back-wall, (Nos. 88– 93) spears from New Ireland and the Admiralty Islands; adjacent, to the right, towards the window (94, 95) and in the last central case (61–65) painted carvings from New Ireland; in No. 64, masks made of human skulls from New Britain. — Room XVII: First central case, (Nos. 10, 11) New Zealand axes and amulets of jade; over the 2nd central case car- ved model of a canoe, and by the back-wall (70–73) other carvings and implements from New Zealand; 2nd wall-case, (74) feathered helmets from Hawai. — Room XVIII: 2nd, 3rd, 4th central cases, feather-ornaments, etc., of Brazilian Indians. – The door to the left leads to the Side-Room XVIII, b: In the central case, N. American and early Mexican flint-weapons, idols, and ornaments. – Small Side-Room XVIII, a . In a frame by the back- wall, *feather-ornaments of Emp. Montezuma of Mexico; below, old Mexi- can Sculptures; in the wall-case by the exit, (Nos. 4, 5) Stone masks; below, on the right, a human figure in green jade. — Side-Room XIX, b : In the wall-cases, ancient vases; in the central case, offerings to the dead from ancient Peruvian tombs. – Side-Room XIX, a . In the separate glass-cases, ancient Peruvian garment, garnished with tapestry; adjacent, two Peruvian mummies with their burial-gifts. – We return to Room XIX: In the case by the first transverse wall, (Nos. 61-67) and in the 1st and 2nd central cases, objects from the negro countries on the Upper White Nile; 3rd and 4th central cases, objects from equatorial W. Africa. The exit leads back to the vestibule. The main staircase to the left ascends thence to the – - 216 Route 35. VIENNA. Art-History Museum, First Floor. Zoological Collections. To the left, Room XXI: In the wall-cases, all kinds of coral (note Nos. 10, 11); at the back precious *corals; in Nos. 19-22, 30-33, by the cross-walls, reef-building coral. — Room XXII: Insects; in the wall-cases an interesting biological collection ; in the 1st central case wasps' and bees' nests; by the window-piers ants’ nests; in the 2nd central case, (No. 55) curious grasshoppers; No. 55. ‘Walking leaf” or leaf-grasshopper; 65. Rhinoceros and cognate tropical beetles; 66, 69. Beautiful proboscis and coloured beetles; 71, 72. Huge stag-beetles; 74-84. Butterflies. – Side-Room XXII, c. : Wall-case left of the door, large crabs; in No. 6 the enormous Macrocheira Kämpferi from Japan. — Room XXIII: In the first three central cases, a beautiful col- lection of snails’ shells. – Rooms XXIV-XXVI: *Fishes, the most exten- sive and best-arranged collection in the world. — Room XXVII: Batrachia and reptiles; by the middle-window huge Indian Serpents (note also skeleton by the wali, left of the entrance); in the 2nd and 3rd central cases, large exotic lizards. – Room XXVIII: In the cases by the cross-walls and above them, large tortoises and turtles; in the central cases crocodiles, alliga- tors, etc. — Room XXIX: *Austrian birds, with their nests, eggs, etc.; by the middle-window a complete eagle's-nest. — Room XXX (where, as in the following rooms, the chief treasures of the collection are placed in the front part of the cases): Wall-case to the left, pelicans; 1st central case, flamingoes; 2nd, S. American screamers (palamedea) with spurred wings; 4th, humming birds. – Room XXXI: 1st central case, pheasants; 3rd, pepper-peckers; 4th, parrots. – Room XXXII: In the wall-cases by the doors, humming-birds; 1st central case, birds of paradise; 4th, lyre- bird; 15th wall case, weaver-birds with their nests. – Room XXXIII: 1st central case, falcons ; 4th case, vultures; in No. 53, below, a condor. — Room XXXIV: *Skeletons of mammals; by the exit, right and left, apes; side. next the windows, to the right of the skeletons of whales, huge barbs (whalebone) of the Japanese whale. — Room XXXV: 1st window-pier, marsupialia; wall-cases right of the exit, sloths, armadilloes, ant-eaters. — Room XXXVI: Two skeleton and two stuffed elephants. – Room XXXVII: By the back-wall, rodentia; in the central cases, antelopes and stags. – Room XXXVIII: Beasts of prey. — The door to the left leads into Side-Room *XXXVIII, c, which contains the spoils of the gun of the late Crown Prince Rudolph, tastefully arranged. — Room XXXIX: Apes: in the central case those most akin to man, admirable specimens. The Second Floor is reached by a double staircase near Room XXX. Rooms L-LIII contain the famous Vienna. Herbarium, but are not shown to the public. The botanical collection in Room LIV chiefly contains woods, fruits, and seeds, dried or preserved in spirit. The Imperial Art-History Museum, the exact counterpart of the Natural History Museum, is crowned with a bronze figure of Athena. On the balustrade are figures of 24 famous artists. Fig- ures of Architecture and Art-Industry by Kundmann adorn the chief portal. The *IMPERIAL MUSEUM of WEAPONs is now open (adm., see p. 194), but the arrangement of the other collections is not yet completed. This collection occupies twelve rooms in the ‘Hochparterre'. (Present entrance, Burgring 5, left staircase.) This incomparable collection was originated by Emp. Frederick III. and was largely increased by bequests of Maximilian I. and Archduke Sigmund of Tyrol. After the separation of the Spanish line, the wea- pons belonging to the House of Hapsburg were divided between Madrid and Vienna. After the death of Emp. Ferdinand I. (1564) that half of the residue which belonged to Emp. Maximilian II. remained in Vienna, the other, belonging to Archduke Ferdinand of Tyrol, was taken to Inns- bruck, zealously extended by its owner, and deposited in Schloss Ambras. In 1606 his son sold it to Emp. Rudolph, who allowed it to remain at Ambras. In 1806 this and the other treasures of Ambras were removed Art-History Museum, VIENNA. 35. Route, 217 to Vienna, and in 1814 were placed in the lower Belvedere. The first- mentioned half, which had remained in Vienna, was afterwards largely enriched, but sustained severe losses in 1805, 1809, and in 1848, when the Arsenal was plundered. In 1856 it was re-arranged in the Arsenal and greatly enriched with additions from imperial châteaux, and in 1889 it was removed to the Imperial Art-History Museum and united with the Ambras collection. Roomſ XXV (Maximilian I.): 2. Armour of Count Palatine Philip (d. 1476) ; 3. Armour of Robert of Sanseverino (d. 1487); 5. Armour of King Ferdinand the Catholic of Aragon (d. 1516); 7. Armour of Emperor Maximilian I. (d. 1519), with air - holes in the helmet; 8. Two-handed sword of , end of 14th cent. (“Dietrich of Bern's); 9. Suit of King Philip I. of Castile (d. 1506) when a boy; 12. Norman helmet of about 1100; 41. Equestrian suit of Archduke Sigmund of Tyrol (d. 1496); M3. Suit of Maximilian I. (in which be entered Luxembourg in 1480); *45. Suit of Sigmund of Tyrol (one of the finest works of the pe- riod); 52. Heavy equestrian suit of Emp. Maximilian I. ; 62. Equestrian suit of Maximilian I.; 66. Suit of Philip I. of Castile when a boy; 69. Suit of King Lewis II. of Hungary (d. 1525); 71. Helmet of George Castriota, Prince of Albania (Skanderbeg, d. 1467); 86. Sword of Maximilian I., with fine etching; *104. Shield of the same emperor, with beautiful raised etching (one of the earliest specimens of this work); 113. Sword of Phi- lip I. of Castile; 124. Suit of Maximilian I. with ‘death's head’ helmet (an ancient form), elbow-guards, and broad shoes; 124. Suit of Francis Gon- zaga (injured by fire); 126. Suit of Emp. Charles V., unfinished. Room XXVI (Period of the Landsknechte, or mediaeval infantry): 139. Armour of Duke Christopher of Württemberg (d. 1568); 144. Suit of Count Palatine Otto Heinrich (d. 1559); 142. Suit of Count Eitel Friedrich of Zollern; 146, 149. Suifs of the Archbishops of Salzburg Matthäus Lang (d. 1540) and Max Sittich v. Hohenembs (d. 1553); 175. Gala-suit of Count Andreas v. Sonnenberg (d. 1511); 185. Lantern-shield (for night use), about 1525. - Roomſ XXVII (Charles V.): 196. Finely decorated armour of Elector Palatine John Frederick of Saxony (d. 1554); 198. Suit of Rupert of the Palatinate (d. 1504); 199. Parts of a superb suit of Marshal Aless. Vitelli (d. 1556); 207. Half-suit of George v. Frundsberg (d. 1528): 226. Suit of Gen. Conrad v. Bemelberg (d. 1567): 231. Suit of Duke Ulrich of Wurtem- berg (d. 1550), very large; 251. Calendar-sword, with six months etched on each side of the blade; 260. Pistols of Archduke Ferdinand of Tyrol, carried by him at his wedding with Anna, of Mantua in 1582; *276. Beau- tiful dagger with grooves for poison; 274. Sword of George of Frunds- berg; 289. Morion of Niclas Zrinyi (d. 1566); *297. Large suit of Emp. Ferdinand I. (d. 1564; ‘suit with the rose-leaves’); 331. Suit of Lazarus Schwendi (d. 1584); 337. Light equestrian suit of Ferdinand I. : 342. Riding suit of Charles V., etched and guilded, with figurative scenes; 345. Skan- derbeg’s (Castriota's) sword; *351. Casque of Charles V., in one piece, ad- mirably embossed (scenes from the AEneid); *354. Superb shield of Char- les V., with masterly scenes from the life of a hero; 363. Gala-sword, enriched with reliefs; 364. Sword, with an iron hilt embellished with delicate relief from religious history; *368. Campaign-suit of Charles V., with beautiful arabesques and figurative scenes; *379. State-sword of Char. les V., one of the most superb weapons and finest specimens of the gold- Smith's art of the 16th cent. ; *380. Cutlass, very tasteful, of the best Re- naissance period; 395. Campaign-suit of King Philip II. of Spain. Roomſ XXVIII (Archduke Ferdinand of Tyrol): 396. State-armour of Stephen Báthory (d. 1586); *303. Infantry-suit of Giov. Bona, the gigantic retainer of Archd. Ferdinand (nearly 9 ft.); 407. Suit of Archd. Ferdinand; *417. Half state-suit of the archduke, with masterly embossing; 422. ‘Bo- hemian hat" of the archduke, of thick gray stuff with silver threads; *426. Gala-shield of iron, with beautifully embossed mythological scenes (Ger- man work); 478,474. Complete caparison of man and horse for the archduke, 46th cent style, imitating the antique; 476. Half state-suit, worn by him at his wedding with Anna of Mantua in i58; 477. Saddle belonging to the last. 218 Route 35. VIENNA. Art-History Museum. Room XX}X (Maximilian II.): 480. Armour of Joh. Jak. Fugger (d. 1575); 482. Half-suit of Andrea Doria (d. 1560); 483. ‘Silver hussar-suit” of Archd. Ferdinand; 490. Set of armour (six suits and two tournament- saddles) of Maximilian II. (d. 1576); 471. Casque and shield of Archd. Karl of Steiermark (d. 1590), with fine arabesques and figurative scenes; 521. ‘Ash-gray suit” of Archd. Ferdinand; 529, 530. Swords and hats blessed by the Pope as a reward for services against the Inſidels, sent to Archd. Fer- dinand by Pius V. and Clement XIII. ; 534. Hungarian sword of George v. Thury (d. 1571); 538. State-sword with exquisite hilt; 539. Fine Toledo rapier; *543. Casque and gala-shield with beautiful figurative scenes, from a lost drawing by Raphael. - Room XXX (Alessandro Farnese): 572. Parts of a suit of Don John of Austria (d. 1577); *627. General's baton of Emp. Ferdinand II. (d. 1637), a fine work, at the top the emperor's head in ename]; 635. State-armour of Aless. Farnese (1592), richly decorated; 644. Trooper’s suit of Archd. Karl of Steiermark (d. 1590), casque covered with velvet, the face pro- tected by a ‘beard’ attached to the breast; 659. Suit of John Casimir, Rhe- nish Count Palatine (d. 1592). - - Room XXXII (Rudolph II.): 667. Half-suit of Rudolph II. (d. 1612); 698, 699. “Red and white” suit for man and horse of Archd. Ferdinand of Tyrol; 703, 704. “Yellow and blue” suit of the archduke; *706. State-ar- mour of Rudolph II. (an admirable work of art); *712. Half state-suit with round shield, a masterpiece of damascening; 787. Executioner's sword, etched with scenes of executions (1656); 743. Casque, collar, and breast- plate of Cristobal of Mondragone, curiously wrought, with allegorical scenes scratched on the blue ground ; *745. Armour covered with exquisite damascened garlands in gold and silver. Room XXXIV (Modern Period): 761, 762. Suits of Archd. Sigmund Franz of Tyrol when a boy (d. 1665); 765. Half gala-suit, so covered with ornamentation, partly repoussé and gilded, and partly damascened in gold, as to seem entirely encrusted (Spanish 2); *805. State-sword, with admirably executed iron hilt; *811, 812. Gun and two pistols of masterly workman- ship (gift of Emp. Joseph I. to Margrave Ludwig Wilhelm of Baden, whose portrait adorns the barrels and stocks) ; 822. Sabre, wooden club, and flag of the peasant-chief Stephan Fadinger (d. 1626) ; 828. Sabre etched with the names and dates of all the E. and W. Roman and German em- perors down to Leopold I. : 835. Pair of pistols of excellent workmanship (gift of the Bey of Tunis to Emp, Francis Joseph I., 1857): 837. Marshal's baton of Emp. Francis I. (d. 1765); 846. State-armour of Emp. Mathias (d. 1619), very effective. On the ceiling: banner of Prince Franz Ra- koczy II. (d. 1735). 883. Coat of mail and helmet of Prince Michael Apafi II. of Transylvania, with beautiful niello work on the crown ; 890. Hungarian suit of Emp. Joseph I. (d. 1711); 895. Hungarian riding suit of Emp. Jo- seph II. (d. 1790). - Room XXXVI (Tournament Weapons and Implements): 897. Italian jousting suit of the Milanese ambassador Gasp. Fracasso (d. about 1510); *920. German suit of Emp. Maximilian I., with beautifully designed bor- ders in late-Gothic style and admirable embossed work; 910. Bolster of linen stuffed with straw, with which the blindfolded horses were padded. On the pedestal of Case II, in front of the middle-window are placed ‘favours” or gifts bestowed by ladies as a reward for skill. 996. Racing suit of Archd. Ferdinand of Tyrol ; 998. Copy of armour of Francis I. of France (original taken to Paris by order of Napoleon in 1806). We return to the 34th Room and thence enter — Room XXXV (Oriental Weapons and Armour): 84. Hungarian Sword with Turkish blade, and the halberd of Michael Apafi II. (d. 1713); these, together with the flag over Case II, formed the insignia of Transylvania under Turkish suzerainty ; they were presented to the emperor in 1701. Nos. 94-106. Turkish accoutrements, presented by Lazarus Schwendi to Archd. Ferdinand. Above the wall between the windows, a large Turkish flag, captured with the horse-tail (109), quivers (22; wall-case on the left) and other objects (126-130; Case IV)' at the siege of Vienna in 1683. Nos. 115-122. Oriental accoutrements. - Picture Gallery. WIENNA. 35. Route. 219 Room XXXIII (Weapons and Gear of the Chase): 18. Hunting sword of Maximilian I., superbly wrought; 37, 38. Guns with stocks covered with a kind of asphalt, inlaid with Netherlandish arabesques in ivory; 126 Two guns of Charles VI. (d. 1740), with locks admirably engraved and carved ; *155. Large set of hunting implements of exquisite workmanship ; the ivory hilts enriched with beautiful and elaborate reliefs, and covered with thin layers of amber; the case also admirably executed; 158. Rifle and powder-flask of artistic iron-work, Stock encrusted with silver and enriched with fantastic ornamentation in brilliant enamel. Room XXXI contains cross-bows, hunting implements, and a collection of guns showing the development of fire-arms from the end of the 16th to the beginning of the 19th cent. * - 1 On the second floor is the *IMPERIAL PICTURE GALLERY, trans- ferred hither from the Belvedere (p. 230) in 1891, but closed at present, as the new arrangement will probably not be finished before 1892. The Imperial Picture Gallery may justly boast of possessing master- pieces of almost every school in the world, at once deeply interesting to students and delightful to amateurs; but its chief strength lies in its examples of the Venetian School, of Rubens, and of Dürer, in which it is unsurpassed. Most striking among the works by EARLY ITALIAN MAS- TERS are the two by Perugino; Fra Bartolommeo’s Presentation in the Temple, painted in 1506, remarkable for the noble simplicity of the grouping and for its tranquil dignity; Andrea del Sarto's Pietà, character- ised by robustness of expression. Raphael’s Madonna al Verde, an example of his Florentine period (1505 or 1506?), though inferior in life and ex- pression to the similar Madonnas in the Louvre and at Florence (La Belle Jardinière and the Madonna del Cardinello), is interesting as indicating the influence of Leonardo da Vinci. Of the MASTERs of UPPER ITALY, Correggio and Mazzuola or Parmeggianino, who, though not his pupil, is closely related to him, chiefly claim our attention. Correggio reveals him- self both as an impressive delineator of scriptural types and as a fascinat- ing narrator of myths. Parmeggianino is best represented by his Cupid cutting his bow and the portrait of Malatesta Baglioni (perhaps Lorenzo Cibò 2). Among the many excellent works by VENETIAN MASTERs it is difficult to single out the most attractive. The far-reaching fancy of Titian, which enabled him to embody the most diverse themes in appropriate form, is perhaps nowhere studied to such advantage as here. With what a host of different emotions the mind passes from the Ecce Homo to the Calisto or the Danae, from the Entombment to the mysterious allegories of love, from the sweetness of his Madonnas to the austerity of his por- traits of Italian savants, a Varchi, a Strada, or Parma the physician In portraits the Vienna gallery is particularly rich, and it affords an admi- rable opportunity of comparing the Venetian works with those of Velaz- quez, the greatest Spanish portrait-painter, or with those of Van Dyck. The finest work of Giorgiore is the “Geometricians". Among other note- worthy Italian works are the Visitation and Madonna of Palma Vecchio, the Madonna with saints of Paolo Veronese, the Madonna of Lorenzo Lotto of Bergamo, and the St. Justina of Alessandro Buonvicino of Brescia, sur- named Moretto (d. after 1560), one of the gems of the collection. Turning to the NorthERN SCHOOLs, we find that Jan van Eyck’s Por- trait of an old man, the sketch for which is preserved at Dresden, is by far the most striking example of early Netherlandish art. By Gerhardt van Haarlem are a Pietà and the Burial of John Baptist, by Rogier van der Weyden a Crucifixion, and by Memling altar-pieces with the Virgin. Dürer's masterpiece, the most perfect composition he ever produced, is the Trinity, painted in 1511. The best of the portraits by Holbein the Younger are those of Derick Tybis, a London merchant, and John Chambers, the physician. In spite of their unpleasing subjects, the miracles of St. Ignatius and St. Francis Xavier by Rubens rivet the atten- tion by their dramatic expression and their skilful colouring. Other 220 Route 35. VIENNA. Opera House, ſine works of the great Flemish painter are the Boar Hunt, St. Am- brose and the allegory of the four quarters of the globe, the Madonna with St. Ildephons and the Festival of Venus. A not unpleasing contrast to the exuberant spirit of Rubens is afforded by the refined, almost frigid, repose of Van Dyck, who is admirably represented by his two Madonnas, his Dalilah, and the portrait of Francesco de Moncada. The portraits by Rembrandt, of various dates, illustrate his change of manner: the portrait of a lady and its pendant are painted luminously and min- utely, the portrait of himself belongs to his middle period, while the portrait of himself in a round hat shows the deep golden tone of his later years. In the Hofstall-Str., beyond the Maria-Theresia-Platz, are the Imperial Stables (P1. C, 4; adm., see p. 494), which contain an interesting gun-room, saddle-room, riding-school, etc. The Burgring is continued to the E. by the OPERN-RING (Pl. D, 4). To the left, in the Albrechtgasse, are the offices of the Palace of Archduke Albert (Pl. 69), connected by a covered passage with the palace (p. 203) on the Augustinerbastei. Farther on rises the – *Imperial Opera House (Pl. 99), a magnificent Renaissance edi- fice, completed in 1861–69 by Van der Nüll and Siccardsburg. The sumptuous decorations of the interior were executed by Schwind, Engerth, Rahl, and others. On the handsome staircase are medallion-por- traits of the architects; the parapet is adorned with marble statues of the seven liberal arts, by Gasser. Adjoining the ‘foyer", which is richly embellished with operatic scenes by Schwind and busts of celebrated com- posers, is an open “loggia,” or balcony towards the street, also decorated with frescoes by Schwind (scenes from the ‘Zauberflöte") and bronze figures of Heroism, Tragedy, Fantasy, Comedy, and Love by Hähnel. The winged horses on the pedestals to the right and left above the balcony are also by Hähnel. The inferior, with seats for 2350 spectators, is richly gilded and painted. Ceiling-painting by Rah!; curtain for tragedy (legend of Or- pheus) designed by Rahl, for comedy by Laufberger. The fronts of the boxes are embellished with medallions of thirty distinguished members of the Viennese opera during the last hundred years. Admission to the interior, see p. 194 In the Opernring, opposite the Opera House, is the Heinrichshof (Pl. 39), erected by Hansen in 1861–63, the property of Baron von Drasche. On the upper floor are frescoes on a gold ground by Rahl. At the back of it is the Elisabeth-Str., leading to the Schiller-Platz (PI. D, 4, 5), with the *Schiller Monument, by Schilling, unveiled in 1876. The bronze statue of the poet stands on a lofty bronze pedestal, at the corners of which are sitting figures of the four ages. At the sides are figures of (in front) Genius, (right and left) Poetry and Science, and (behind) Philanthropy. On the pe- destal are medallion-reliefs of Pegasus, the pelican, the tragic mask, and the head of Minerva. — On the W. side of the square is the Ministry of Justice; on the S. side is the Academy of Art (Pł. 1; D, 5), a Renaissance edifice built by Hansen in 1872-76. The upper stories are enriched with terracotta ornamentation. The windows of the façade alternate with niches containing copies of celebrated ancient statues. The Academy, founded by Leopold I. in 1692, and frequently reor- ganised, has occupied its present position as a school of art since 1872. In 1876 it was transferred to the new building in the Schiller-Platz. The Academy. VIENNA. 35. Route. 221 flight of steps in front leads into the Vestibule, borne by columns, whence we enter the Aula, the chief room of the Museum of Casts (adm., see p. 193), a rich collection of copies (1450 in number) of ancient, me- diaeval, and modern Sculptures, and also several good originals. Ob- serve the *Torso of Hera, of the best of Greek period, the leaden model of Fischer's Anatomy, and reliefs, busts, and statues by Raphael Donner, Beyer, Zauner, etc. The Entresol on the S. side (entrance by the W. corridor) contains the Library (catalogue of 1876; 3 fl.) and the collection of Engravings and Drawings (about 17,000 drawings and water-colours, 61,000 engravings and wood-cuts, 5000 photographs; open daily 3-7, in summer 3-6). The most interesting drawings are those of Koch (landscapes from Italy, illustrations of Dante, etc.), Führich's scenes from the Prodigal Son, those by Genelli, and admirable works by Schnorr, Steinle, Schwind, Wächter, Schwan- thaler, and others. Among the engravings note the Hüsgen collection of Dürer's works (with a lock of Dürer's hair). The *Picture Gallery (adm., see p. 193) is on the first floor, No. 152, on the right (entrance by the W. corridor). The greater part of this valuable collection (1132 works) was presented by Count Anton Lamberg in 1812. Almost every school of painting is represented, but the chief treasures are the Dutch masters of the 17th cent. : thus, Pieter de Hooch (one of his best works), Van Goyen, Ruysdael, Willem van de Velde, and the archi- tectural and flower-painters. The Graces and the Rape of Oreithyia by Rubens, Cupid sitting on a stone parapet by Titian, and Boys playing at dice by Murillo deserve special mention. — In 1838 Emp. Ferdinand presented 88 pictures, mostly of the Venetian school. The rest of the collection consists of modern works purchased by government, portraits and compositions by H. Füger, bequeathed by his son, presentations by Prince Liechtenstein, etc. The gallery consists of a Hall (No. V) facing the S., divided into 17 compartments, parallel with which is a corridor (No. IX) lighted from the N. ; also two large corner-rooms (E. No. VI, W. No. IV, each in 3 compartments); a hall (copying-room, No. VII) in the E. and 3 rooms (Nos. III, II, and I) in the W. wing of the building. From Room I. is entered Room VII, with minor 19th cent. works by Schödlberger, Hackert, Wutky, etc. The arrangement is chronological, beginning in the 1st Room with the early Italian schools, which are followed by the Spanish, Flemish, and German schools, and a few French works, down to modern times. The Corridor (No. IX), reserved chiefly for the Dutch and German schools, contains some of the gems of the collection (on the back-wall and on 14 revolving stands). In Rooms I-III several inferior pictures are placed in dark niches. The Rector's room and the hall for meetings contain a few portraits of former professors and patrons of the Academy. Catalogues (Í fl.) and photographs on sale in the gallery. We first enter Room V, but we turn to the right and go back to — Toomſ I. No. 22. Venetian School of 15th cent., Small altar with scenes from the Passion; 50. Style of Vivarini, Annunciation; Florenţine Sch., about 1400, 74. Effusion of the Holy Ghost, 74. Moses, 75. Abraham, 73. Christ with the book of life, 72. Trinity; 48. Bartolommeo di Manfredi, Scene from the Apocalypse; 531. Lombard Sch. of 16th cent., Three Apost- les’ heads; 493. Gal. Campá, Presentation in the Temple ; 24. Style of Aloise Vivan'ini, Female martyr; 45. Venetian Sch. of 15th. cent., St. Clara; 51, 52. Venetian Sch. of 16th cent., Small altar; 15. Same Sch., Empress Helena and two saints; 505. Francia, Madonna enthroned, be- tween SS. Luke and Petronius; 1133. Botticelli, Madonna and Child with two angels; 1097. Gentile da Fabriano, Coronation of Mary; 1095. Umbrian Sch. of 15th cent., Madonna with Saints and donors; 1134. Florenţine Sch. of 16th cent., Madonna and Child with St. John ; 76. Florentine Sch., about 1400, Christ at the Mount of Olives; 252. Dom. Puligo, Madonna; 509. G. Pedrini, Christ bearing the cross; Florentine School, about 1400, 55. Christ and the woman of Cana, 60. Christ and the woman of Samaria at the well. Room II. No. 17. Marco d’Angeli del Moro, Circumcision; 17. Veneţian Sch. of 15th cent. , Pilate; 53. L. Sebastiani, St. Veneranda; 64, Stef, dall' 222 Route 35. VIENNA. Academy. Arzere, Madonna and Saints; 276. After Correggio, Repose during the Flight to Egypt; 1084. Paduan Sch., about 1400, Madonna enthroned. Room III. No. 85. Assumption, a ceiling-painting by P. Veronese. — Carpaccio, 43. Annunciation, 49. Death of Mary; 452. Giac. Bassano, Moses striking the rock; 77. Cariani, Madonna enthroned. — 87. Belliniano, Martyrdom of St. Mark; 1126. Venetian Sch. of 16th cent., Scenes from ancient Venice (fresco); 1128. Upper Italian Sch. of 15th cent., Martyrdom of St. Sebastian ; 30. Lanzani, Christ parting from his mother; P. Veronese, 471. Annunciation, 57. Transfiguration; 468. Tintoretto, Christ and the adulteress; 529. L. Bassano (?), Temple of Jerusalem; 19. Muziano, Ma- donna, enthroned with Saints. Room IV, COMPARTMENT i. No. 86. Annunciation, ceiling-painting by P. Veronese. — 1. P. Veronese, SS. Geminianus and Severus; 495. Mazzo- lino, Madonna; 14. Busati (?), St. Mark enthroned between SS. Andrew and Louis; 463. Venetian Sch. of 16th cent., Finding of Moses; 1098. G. Bellini (?), Portrait of a man. — COMPART. ii: No. 83. St. Francis receiv- ing the Stigmata, ceiling-painting by P. Veronese. — Jac. Tintoretto, 8, 21. Procurators of St. Mark, 33. Doge Trevisani, 13. Procurator Al. Contarini, 32. Ottavio Grimani, 34. Doge Priuli, 7. Procurator Leon. Mocenigo, 2, 3. A brotherhood of Venic ; 12, 18. Dom. Tintoretto, Portraits; *466. Titian, Cupid sitting on a stone parapet; 508, 510. Style of Bonif. Veronese, Elder, Recreation in the open air. — CoMPART. iii: No. 84. Nativity, ceiling- painting by P. Veronese. — Bonif. Veneziano, 9. SS. Jerome, Louis, and Andrew, 10. SS. Mark and James the Elder, 11. SS. Romanus, Francis of Assisi, and Melchior; 6. Sch. of Titian, Nativity; 5. P. Veronese, St. Law- rence. — Long-wall: 18. Leandro Bassano (?), Adoration of the Shepherds. ROOM. V., COMPART. i : . No. 168. M. A. Caravaggio, Cato the Younger; 472. Varotari (Padovanino), Venus reposing; Luca Giordano, 116. Prome- theus bound, 291. Judgment of Paris, 310. Mars and Venus caught by Vulcan; 26. Sassofen'rato, Madonna. – COMPART. ii: No. 456. Guido Reni, Assumption; 237. Style of Salv. Rosa, Cavalry, skirmish; 527, 528. Cana- letto, Venice and the Piazza of St. Mark; 603, 451, 504, 503, 604, 450, 455, 502. F. Guardi, Views of Venice; Tiepolo, 484. Dawn, 577. St. Bruno: 1031. Locatelli, Piazza Navona at Rome. —Long-wall: 660. After G. Reni, Cupid with bow and arrow. — CoMPART. iii: No. 511: Juan Careño, Foun- dation of the Trinitarian Order; Murillo, 516. Ecstasy of St. Francis, *515. Two boys playing at dice; 513. After Velasquez, Philip IV. on horse- back; *514. Flemish Sch., beginning of 17th cent., Portrait of a lady; Spanish Sch. of 17th. cent., 518. Vision of St. Anthony, 512. Christ among the scribes. – Long-wall: G. Recco, 268. Kitchen, 292, 770, 780. Still-life. CoMPART. iv: Rubens, 635. St. Cecilia, 634. Ascensión, 636. St. Jerome, 625. Bearing of the Cross, 652. Esther and Ahasuerus, 633. Annunciation, 648. Christ in the house of Simon the Pharisee, 638. Adoration of the Shepherds, *626. Boreas carrying of Oreithyia, 645. Peasants, 628. Apo- theosis of James I., 630. Day-break, *646. Three Graces, 606. Sucking tigress. 756. Sch., of Rubens, Bacchanalian ; 644. Style of Van Dyck, Judg- ment of Paris; 654. L. van Uden, Evening landscape with hunters and herd. COMPART. V: Nos. 569, 566. Pourbus, Younger, Portraits of a lady and a man; 641. Mierevelt, Portrait of a lady; 610. F. Bol, Portrait of a man; 663. Jordaens, Paul and Barnabas at Lystra; 617. Cuyp, Portrait of a lady; 650. Gonzales Coques, Young lady at the piano; 629. Van Dyck (?), Image of the Madonna borne by angels. – 700. W. van Vliet, Portrait of a man ; Wan Dyck, 649. Souls in purgatory, 686. Youth, *651. Warrior. CoMPART, vi : Nos. 664, 678, 665. Rachel Ruysch, Flowers and fruit; 677. Huysum, Flowers; *612. De Heem, Still-life; 757. P. Boel, Still-life; 801, 831, 839. Joh. Fy?, Fruit and animal pieces; *632. Weenia, Dead fowls; 760. Beyeren, Fish-woman. CoMPART. vii: Nos. 692, 693, 733. Van Aelst, Flowers, Still-life; 895. Mikkelen, Flowers; *722. Heyde, Still-life; Weenja, *702, 703. Still-life, *631. Dead poultry and fruit; 819, 758, 781, 620, 783. Hondecoeter, Dead game, Poultry. — Long-wall: 662. Honthorst, Tavern. - CoMPART. viii: Nos. 854, 850, 919, 923, 913, 914. Bourguignon, Battle pieces; 845. W. Poussin (?), Landscape with Diana and Actaeon ; Claude Academy. WHENNA. 35. Route. 223 Lorrain, 846. Forest-path, 847. Sheep-pen in the Campagna; 924. Style of N. Poussin, Massacre of the Innocents; 941. French Sch, of 17th cent, Emp. Leopold I. ; 943. Same Sch., Empress Eleonora Magdalena ; 932. Bourdon, Tobias burying the Jews slain by Sennacherib. — Long-wall: 554. Rottenhammer, Lºst Judgment. CoMPART. ix: Nos. 915, 849, 916, 863, 853, 937, 935, 860, 859, 858, 852. C. J. Vernet, Landscapes; 151. Duvivier, Watering place; 911. Manglard, Har- bour; 337. Loutherbourg, Shipwreck; Volaire, 872. Eruption of Vesuvius, 910. Landscape in a storm. — Long-wall: 97. J. G. Auerbach and J. v. Schuppen, Charles VI. CoMFART. x: No. 349. Tamm, Flower-piece with ſigures; Subleyras, 841. Mass of St. Basilius, 844. His own studio ; 917, 918, 920, 921. Greuze, Portraits; 856, 909. , Vanloo, Allegory of war and peace; 878. Lairesse, Diana; Ducreua, 206. F. E. Weirotter, 207. Maria. Theresa. Several pic- tures by Pfeiler. — Long-wall: 383. Seybold, Portrait of a girl; 299, Tamm, Flower-piece with Cupids. CoMPART. xi.; Nos. 325, 335. Faistenberger, Landscapes; 795, 796, 807, 330. Roos, Landscapes; 316. Ruthart, Donkey-driver; 300, 301. Brand, Harbour, Landscape; 148, 149. Köpp v. Felsenthal, Landscapes (in mosaic); 326. Wutky, The Solfatara near Naples. – Long-wall: 313. Ch. W. E. Dietrich, Landscape. CoMPART. xii; J. M. Schmidt (of Krems), 160. Judgment of Midas, 161. Venus and Vulcan; 100. Quadal, Office of the old Vienna Academy; 314. Dietrich, Landscape; 392. Wuzer, Hunting scene; Quadal, 369. Hunt- ing scene, 294. Count Lamberg-Sprinzenstein (p. 221), 354. Dead boar, 329. Group of lions, 336. Portrait of himself, 362. Two lions resting. — Long-walſ: 1091. Caucig, Phocion and his wife; 146. Giebele, Landscape with waterfall. CoMPART. xiii: Mawlpertsch, 95. Allegory of the fate of art, 356. St. Narcissus; 135. Platzer, Architectual piece with the murder of Semiramis as accessory; 131. Braun, Charm of music; 114. A. de Pian, Gothic crypt with aisles; 139. V. Fischer, Moses treading under foot Pharaoh’s crown; 205. Lampi, Elder, A general; 132. G. M. Kraus, Roysterers; 1068, 1069. Rahl, Sketches of the Battle of the Cimbri; 361, Tischbein, Painting and music; 130. Abel, Daedalus and Icarus; 134. Aigen, Preaching of John Baptist; 125. Dāringer, Hercules and Cacus. – Long-wall: 115. Abel, Cato the Elder. CoMPART. xiv: Füger, *170. Death of Germanicus, 1028–47. Sketches for Klopstock's Messiah, 1019. The Brother of the artist, 1022, 1024, 1059. His son, 1025, 1053, 1066. His father, 1056, 1062. His wife, 1067. His mother, 1020, ió26, 1054, 1064. Himself, 1021, 1049-52, 1055, 1058, 1060, 1063-65. Portraits, 1023. Death of Virginia, 1027. Death of St. Catherine; 1048, 1072. Zauner the sculptor, 1057. Archd. Joseph, Palatine of Hungary. — Long-wall: 293. Lampi jump., Canova: 108. Lampi genr., Joseph II. CoMPART. xv : Nos. 1116, 1147. L. F. Schnorr v. Carolsfeld, Knight’s farewell and return; 171. Ender, Rio de Janeiro; 344. Schödlberger, Vin- tage; 340, 343, Scheyerer, Landscapes; 141. Jos. Fischer, Mountain-land- scapé; 386, 383, 162. Schödlberger, Ideal landscapes; 133. Molitor, View on the Danube Canal; 334. Wutky, The Solfatara and Gulf of Baiae; 324. Hackert, Rising ground; 152. Heideloff, Vienna from the Prater. CoMPART. xvi; Damhauser, Portrait; Waldmüller, 180. The convent soup, 985. Portrait of himself; 1092. Nicolo, 1101. His mother, *1135. Journey delayed. 987. Friedländer, After the lottery; 954. Amerling, Por- trait of himself; 1130. Führich, Christ parting from his disciples; three pictures by Pettenkofen; 998. Lud. Mayer, Christ and the Samaritan wo- man at the well. — Long-wall: 186, Jordan, Maternal joy; 969. Rob. Russ, Scene from Eisenerz; 959. Lach, Still-life; 955. Friedländer, The new comrade; 1122. Rotta, The last scion; 1018. Wurzinger, His wife; 1076. Gauermann, Sheep; 999. Wovopacky, Camaldoli. CoMPART. xvii: No. 972. Munsch, Study from Schluderns in Tyrol; 965. Seelos, Valley of the Eisack; 973. Hansch, Study from the Eggemalpe in Tyrol; 1010. Kriehuber, Forest scene; 1007. Halauska, Ruined church; 974. Russ, Study from Mals in Tyrol; Makart, 1113. Sketch of a ceiling- 224 Route 35. VIENNA. Academy. painting, 1114. Design for the curtain of a theatre : 1118. Canon, Family scene; 953. Eichler, Scene from the Peasant's War. — Long-wall: 957. Hansch, Scene from the Salzkammergut. — Transverse wall: 309. Kol- tonitsch, Count Lamberg-Sprinzenstein, founder of the gallery. Room VI, CoMPART. is No. 952. Schindler, Waldfraulein's birth; 956. Schönn, Turkish bazaar; 1073. Lichtenfels, Landscape; 975. Schauss, Calisto; 990. Haushofer, Lake of Lucerne; 992. Tidemand, Return from the bear-hunt; 953. Voltz, Herd returning home; 951. J. Hoffmann, Remains of the Temple of Venus at Eleusis; 1111. Defregger, The painter on the Alp; 1103. Lefeb- vre, Fiammetta; 182. Lew, The Obersee; 174. Voltz, Evening on the Dasture. I CoMPART, ii: No. 991. Gude, Fishing at night in Norway; 1110. Bühl- meyer, Herd on the sea-shore; 175. Schleich, Moonlight landscape; *1071. L. C. Müller, Market-place at Cairo; 979. Fritsch, Summer landscape; 966. Meugebauer, Still-life; 176. Steinfeld, Old Gastein; 1000. Schlesinger, Ap- proaching storm ; 993. Lew, The Labrofos in Norway; 1006. Jettel, The Hintersee; 1131. G. Mayer, Findeisen the actor; 1075. A. Achenbach, Inun- dated mill-dam ; 988. Langko, Moor scene at Seeshaupt. CoMPART, iii: No. 977. Eugen Blaas, Scattered blossoms; 967. Jettel, On the Hintersee; 961. Schleich, Landscape ; *1123. Russ, Early spring in the Penzinger Au ; 978. Löffler-Radymno, Duke of Alba at Rudolstadt; 479. Osw. Achenbach, Church festival in Italy; 971. Geyling, Sacrilege in the Thirty Years' War; 962. Gude, The Chiemsee; 177. Hansch, Landscape on the Salzach ; 4104. Schampheleer, The Scheldt at Wetteren; 183. Alb. Zimmermann, Sunset among the mountains; 1001. Schaeffer, Autumn even- ing in the forest; 950. Haławska, Mountain-stream. – Long-wall of Room VI: 1008. Holzer, Béeches; 181. Adam, Horses on the Pusta; 1002. Riedel, Reader ; 984. Lud. Mayer, Jerusalem after Christ's death; 968. L. C. Müller, “Carità, Signore"; 964. Schönn, Market at Cracow; 994. Holzer, Forest scene; 1004. Löffler-Radymno, Return from captivity. Room VII: No. *1102. Ferd. Keller, Hero and Leander; 970. O. v. Thoren, The wolf near; 948. Brunner, Red pines ; – 1085-1090. Berger, Sketches and designs for the hall of the Justizpalast of Vienna; 958. Alô. Zimmer- mann, Lake of Lugano; 976. Brandt, War scene, 1658; 996. Heinlein, After the storm; 982. Jos. Hoffmann, Landscape in ancient Greece with the tomb of Anacreon ; 997. Till, Return of crusaders; 980. Ranzoni, Before the storm; 178. Morgenstern, Landscape in Upper Bavaria; 986. C. Swoboda, Charles V. escaping from Moritz of Saxony. - CoRRIDOR IX is entered from Room V. We turn to the left in order to begin at the W., end. The stands revolve. No. 568. L. van Leyden (?), Sibyl of Tibur; 579-581. Van Acken (Bosch), Winged altar-piece: Creation, Fall, Expulsion from Paradise, Last Judgment, Hell; 557. L. Cranach, seni'., Lucretia; 545. H. Baldung (Grien), Repose on the Flight to Egypt; 35. A. Dürer (?), Entombment; 542. L. Cranach, sen”. (disciple of), Holy Family; 572. H. Fries (?), Portrait of a man with a skeleton on the right; 548, 561. H. met de Bles, Landscapes with scenes from the Passion, the history of John the Baptist and Christ; 582. Floris, Fall of Adam; 558. D. Bouts, Coronation of Mary; 583. Van Balen, Odysseus and Calypso; *715. P. de Hooch, Dutch family in a court-yard; 1096. P. Codde, Dancing and musical party; *611. Rembrandt, young Dutchwoman; Dirk Hals, 734. The solo, 684. A select party; D. Teniers, junr., 820-822, 824, 825. The five senses, 690. Bust of a priest, *865. Witches' Sabbath ; 805. Arthois, Landscape; *689. Wetscher, Young lady; 696. Duck, Duet; 816. Craesbeck, Peasants in a tavern; 726. Elsheimer, Venus; 790. Molyn, Cavaliers in front of a tavern; 732. Is. van. Ostade, Comic reader; 888. A. Brouwer (?), Peasants in a tavern; 639. Fabritius, Young man in shepherd’s costume; 803. Lingelbach, Piazza del Popolo; 724. A. v. Ostade, Peasants; 688. P. Wouwerman, Cattlé pasturing; Ph. Wowºwerman, 691. Camp scene, 837 (?). Return from the hunt, 835. Cavalry fight; Berchem, 712. Rocky hills by a lake, 866. Winter landscape; 727. Potte‘, Sheep; 836, 879, 810, 869, 884. Asselyn, Landscapes; 802. Hobbema (?), Landscape; 793. Dujardin, Ox and goats; 873. Both, Even- ing effects; 874. A. v. de Velde (?), Cattle-market at Haarlem ; 925. Glauber, Landscape with accessories; Jac. v. Ruysdael, *893. Landscape with planks, Kärntner-Ring. VIENNA. 35. Route. 225 *681. Landscape with pond, *877. Oak-forest, *889. Landscape with brook; 694, 714, 735,828. Pynacker, Landscapes; *823. Everdingen, Waterfall; 883. Sal. v. Ruysdael, Landscape; Van Goyen, 814. Dordrecht, 736. Dutch har- bour; W. van de Velde, junr., 868. Dutch harbour; 792, 788. Sea-pieces; 876. S. de Vlieger, The roads; 761. Weenia, Sea-piece; 794. Backhuysen, Sea- piece; 708, *711. Heyde, Views in a town ; 679. Witte, Interior of Dutch church; 716, 717. Van Vliet, Interiors of Dutch churches; 707. Gheringh, Interior of church; 680, 682, 719. P. Weefs, sem'., Church-interiors; 786. Blieck, Church-interior; 618. Crayer (?), St. Paul. — By the last window is a case containing miniatures, chiefly by Füger. In the vicinity, Eschenbachgasse 9 and 11, is the fine Re- naissance building of the Engineers’ and Architects’ Union and the Industrial Society (‘Gewerbeverein'), erected by Thienemann in 1870-72. The entresol of No. 9 is occupied by the Scientific Club and the Club of Austrian Railway Officials. The ground- floor of No. 41 contains the show-rooms and library of the Ge- Werbeverein. . The Kärtner-Strasse leads N. from the Opera to the Stefans– Platz. (No. 51, the Palais Todesco, built in 1861 in the Renais- sance style, is adorned with frescoes by Rahl.) The street towards the S. ends at the deep channel of the Wien, over which the *Elisabeth-Brücke (Pl. D, 5) leads to the district of Wieden.(p.232). The bridge, built in the Renaissance style by Förster in 1850-54, is 92 ft. in breadth. On the parapet are eight marble statues: Duke Henry Jasomirgott, by Melnitzky; Leopold the Glorious, by Preleuthner; Duke Rudolf IV., by Gasser; Rüdiger von Starhemberg, by Fessler; Bishop Kol- lonits, by Pilz; Count Niklas Salm, by Purckershofer; Joseph von Sonnenfels, by Gasser; Fischer von Erlach, by Cesar. We return to the Ringstrasse. In the KKRNTNER-RING (Pl. D, 4, 5) are a number of handsome dwelling-houses. No. 9 on the left is the Grand Hôtel (p. 185). To the right in the Academie-Str. is the Handels-Academie (Pl. 37b), erected by Fellner in 1862. At the entrance are statues of Columbus and Adam Smith by Cesar. Opposite, facing the Lothringer-Str. on the Wien, is the Künstler- haus (Pl. 65a), built in the Italian Renaissance style by A. Weber in 1865-68 and enlarged by Schachner and Streit in 1881 (exhibi- tions of pictures, see p. 494). Beyond it, in the Künstler-Gasse, is the Musikvereinsgebäude (Pl. 37), in the Renaissance style, erected by Hansen in 1867–70. In the tympanum the myth of Or- pheus in terracotta, designed by Rahl; in the niches of the façade statues of ten famous musicians by Pilz. Superb concert-rooms in the interior; the chief hall is decorated with ceiling-paintings of Apollo and the Muses by Eisenmenger. The society possesses a library of 20,000 musical works, and a valuable collection of old instruments, portraits of composers, MSS., busts, medals, etc. (adm., see p. 194; concerts, see p. 191). We regain the Kärntner-Ring by the Canowagasse. The corner- house on the left is the old Palace of Duke Philip of Wurtem- berg, now the Hôtel Impérial (p. 185). To the right, in the Schwarzenberg - Platz (PI. D, 5), rises the equestrian Statue of Prince Charles Schwarzenberg (Pl. 34b; d. 1820), ‘the victorious BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. 45 226 Route 35. VIENNA. Stadtpark. leader of the Allies in the wars of 1813 and 1814°, designed by Hähnel, and erected in 1867. On the left is the Palace of Arch- duke Ludwig Victor (Pl. 69a, No. 1), erected by Ferstel in the Italian Renaissance style in 1865 (rich façade). The Schwarzen- berg Bridge, 92 ft. broad, built in 1864, crosses the Wien to the Summer Palace of Prince Schwarzenberg (Pl. 75) with a pleasant garden (open to the public). In front of the palace is a large basin and a fountain with a jet 100 ft. high, supplied by the Vienna wa- terworks (“Hochguellenleitung'; usually dry in summer). The KolowRAT-RING (Pl. E, 4, 5) begins at the Schwarzenberg- Platz. To the right in the Christinengasse is the Academic Gym- nasium (Pl. 37a), with handsome Gothic façade, erected by Schmidt in 1863–66. In front of it is the Beethoven-Platz, embellished with a *Monument to Beethoven, by Zumbusch (1880). On a lofty gra- nite pedestal is the sitting figure of the great composer in bronze, 83/4 ft. high; to the left is Prometheus Bound, to the right Victory with a wreath of laurels; at the front and back are youthful genii. In the Ring, farther on, is (r.) the Adelige Casino (club of the noblesse), with a long balcony. — Near the Stadtpark is the elegant iron Tegetthoffbrücke. To the right, at the corner of the Johannesgasse and the Lothringer-Strasse, stands the Palais Lar- isch, a fine French Renaissance building by Van der Nüll. The *Stadtpark (P1, E, 4), with its pleasant grounds and shady walks, is a favourite resort on summer-evenings. The elegant Cursalon, in the Italian Renaissance style, was built in 1865-67 from designs by Garben (concerts, etc., see p. 191). A little to the N.E. is the Karolinenbrücke, leading to a part of the garden on the right bank of the Wien (large play-ground for children). To the left, before it is crossed, is a fountain, with a figure of the Danube by Gasser. A hill by the , pond (“Schwanenteich') is crowned with a pretty pavilion or kiosque. Nearer the Ring-Str. are *Schubert's Monument (d. 1828), by Kundmann, and a bronze bust of Burgomaster Zelinka (d. 1868), by Pönninger. In the PARK-RING, opposite the Stadtpark, is the building of the Gartenbau-Gesellschaft, or Horticultural Society (Pl. 35), con- taining spacious saloons for flower-shows, concerts, etc. (p. 191), Behind it is the large Palace of the Duke of Coburg (Pl. 72), with a long balcony, and Ionic and Corinthian columns. Farther on rises the *Palace of Archduke William (Pl. 69b), erected by Hansen in the Renaissance style in 1865-67. Handsome façade with Ionic Columns, adorned with statues and trophies above, and a fine stair- case. At the back of the palace (Stubenbastei 5) is the Detail- markthalle, or Retail Market (p. 193). — At the end of the Stadt- park the Stubenbrücke (Pl, E, 4), dating from the 16th cent., leads to the right to the suburb of Landstrasse (p. 280). - In the STUBEN-RING, on the right, are the *Austrian Museum of Art and Industry (Pl. 90) and the School for Art-Industry Austrian Museum. VIENNA. 35. Route. 227 (‘Kunstgewerbeschule'), two Italian Renaissance edifices in brick, erected in 1868–71 and 1875–1877 from designs by Ferstel. The articulation of the museum is of stone, that of the school is in ter— racotta. The museum is embellished with two friezes in sgraffito by Laufberger, and with majolica medallion-portraits of 33 celebrated artists and art-workers. The two buildings are united by a corridor, on which is a colossal figure of Pallas Athene in mosaic, by Lauf- berger, rising above a fountain. In the interior of the museum is an arcaded quadrangle, flanked with four exhibition-rooms on each side. On the first floor are the library, lecture, business, and other exhibition-rooms. This museum, founded in 1863 on the plan of the S. Kensington Museum, encourages the industrial arts by oral and written instruction, practical training, and object—lessons. The collections are arranged (subject to occasional alterations) with a view, as far as possible, to show the development of tech- nical perfection and style. Adm., see p. 194, The ARCADED CourT contains (on the ground-floor and in the gallery) sculptures, chiefly casts of ancient and modern works. (Every object is labelled. “Wegweiser", or guide, 20 kr.) — Right: Room I. Specimens of the Goldsmith's Art and kindred branches. E. wall, Cases 1-3: Shields, dishes, vases, goblets, etc., of German, Italian, Spanish workmanship ; 4, 5. Ecclesiastical objects owned by the Duke of Cumberland ; 8. Galvanoplastic copies; 9. Enamels by P. Courteys of Limoges; 10, 11. Enamels; 12, 13. Armour and weapons; 14. Galvanoplastic copies. In the large Cases 15-23 in the middle are Japanese, Chinese, Indian, and other Oriental works in gold and enamel, enamels of the 18th cent., and gal- vanoplastic copies. In the desk-cases trinkets of every country and period. — Roomſ II. Wall-cases, beginning with the N. wall: 1. German pottery (from Siegburg, Creussen, Bunzlau, etc.); 2, 3. Delft ware; 4. French porcelain of 17th and 18th cent., Swedish ware; 5. Austrian ware; 6. Wedgwood ware; 7. Danish, Swedish, English biscuit-porcelain, Meissen porcelain; 9, 10. Berlin and Sèvres; 11, 12. Chinese, Japanese, Siamese porcelain, Stone-ware, and lackered work. — E. wall: 13. Ancient Mexi- can terracottas; modern Egyptian, Spanish, and Portuguese works. – S. wall: 14. Work executed by Austrian and Hungarian peasantry; 15. Modern Turkish and Morocco pottery; 16-18,27,29. (in the centre) Antiqué terracottas, vases, figures, heads, etc. – W. wall: 19. Italian fayence; Neapolitan rustic majolica. — N. wall: 20. Oriental vases and tiles; 21. Spanish-Moorish and Sicilian-Moorish fayence. Cases in the middle : 22. Show-pieces from the manufactories of Alt-Wien, Sèvres, Satsouma, etc.; 23-25. Italian majolica of 16th cent.; *26-28. Antique painted vases; 29. Chinese, Japanese, Cau- casian, Russian works; 30. Modern Indian vases and tiles; 31. Palissy dish; imitation of Palissy's ware; 32. Modern English and French porcelain : 33. Porcelain of various kinds; *34. Old Vienna porcelain. Standing alone: Ancient Italian and modern busts in terracotta, huge antique and Renaissance vases. – Roomſ III. Glass. Antique glasses, Venetian, Bo- hemian cut, German painted, Oriental, modern Austrian, English, French, Russian, etc.; glass-mosaics; glass-windows. – Roomſ IV. Furniture, Tap- estry. The open space in the middle is flanked with three sections on each side, each giving a compact survey of a distinct period. On the left: 1st. Oriental section; 2nd. French and German Renaissance of 16th cent. ; 3rd. Furniture of 16th and 17th cent. On the right: 1st (approached from Room II). Italian work of 15th and 16th cent. ; German Gothic of 15th cent. ; 2nd. German, Italian, Spanish work of 17th cent. ; 3rd. Work of 18th cent. (Buhl, inlaid wood by Roentgen of Neuwied, etc.). On the upper part of the walls, tapestry, chiefly 16th cent. — Room V. Metals (other than the precious). In the centre three cases with Oriental works. #5 + 228 Route 35. VIENNA. Technical School. On the left a fountain-top in gilded bronze (Ital., 16th or 17th cent.); re- liefs by Donner. Cases 1-3. Small antique bronzes; mediaeval book-bind- ings, etc., in bronze and brass; 4. Greek, Roman, and Etruscan bronzes (*mirror-case with elaborate reliefs; antique goblets with pewter lids, etc.); 5. Bronze, copper, and brass utensils of 15th-17th cent; 6. Bronzes, chiefly Italian Renaissance (*statuette of St. Sebastian, Bolognese work of 17th cent. ; Nessus and Dejaneira); 8. Works in lead and pewter (chiefly, Ger- man and Austrian, 16th-18th cent.); 11. Modern cast-iron objects; 12-14. Mountings and ornaments in hammered iron; 15, 16. Modern Austrian, English, Italian, and French workmanship ; 17. Modern metal works; 18. Bosnian; 19, 20. Keys and locks (15th-19th cent.); 21. Chinese works in tin, Indian brass vessels; 22, 23. Ornamental locks of 16th-17th cent. ; 24. Persian bronze and copper. — Room VI. Exhibition of home and foreign industries alternately. — Connecting Passage. Casts on sale. – ROOM VII. Cases 1-7, 8–11. Book-bindings of 15th-19th cent. ; 7, 12. Leather-work; 13. Decorative paintings from Pompeii and Upper Italy; 14. Straw and bart- plaiting, chiefly Oriental; 15. Tyrolese leathern girdles, wood-carving by H. Posonyi; 17, 18. Modern leather and lackered work ; 19. Collection of albums and fans; 20, Indian lackered work ; 21-23. Small furniture, cas- kets, inkstands, etc. Walls hung with tapestry. — Room VIII. Sculptures in wood, marble, stone, alabaster, ivory, and wax, and casts. The W. wall is divided into three sections: 4. Sculptures in marble and stone, chiefly Italian Renaissance; *2. Sculptures in wood; 3. Casts. E. wall, 1-10. Smaller plastic works in originals and casts, chronologically ar- ranged; 11, 12. Collection of frames. In the middle : 13. Smaller sculp- tures in wax, ivory, and horn; 14. Wood-carvings; 15. Wax-works; 16. Marble, stone, mother-of-pearl, etc. First Floor. Gallery: Casts, chiefly of Renaissance works. – Roomſ IX. Exhibitions vary. Reading Room adjacent. — The LIBRARY (open in Sum- mer on week-days, except Mon., 9-2, on Sun. 9-1; in winter on week- days 9-1 and 6-8.30, on Sun. 9-1) contains a rich collection of old and modern designs, drawings, and photographs, and over 10,000 technical books. To the right of the entrance is the Oriental Room. Farther on is the richly decorated Sitzungssaal or meeting-room. - Rooms X-XIV contain the permanent collection of the Kunstgewerbe- verein, or Art-Industry Society (adm., see p. 193), a selection, changed in Spring and autumn, of the newest products of the Austrian art-industries. (Room X: Glass, porcelain, and enamel painting, gold, silver, iron, leather, textile goods, engraving, carving, etc. Rooms XI-XIV: Furniture, up- holstery, stained glass, etc.) The exhibition is intended to show the latest developments of Austrian industry. All the objects are on sale. (Specialties of Vienna 1-10 fl. each.) The SCHOOL For ART-INDUSTRY, founded in 1868, embraces a preparatory school (in the Hegelgasse), and departments for in- struction in architecture, sculpture, and painting in their industrial relations, chasing, wood-carving, enamelling, painting on porce- lain, etc., and a chemical laboratory. - On the left lie the spacious drilling-grounds, beyond which is the Franz-Josefs – Thor, with two large Barracks (P1. 17). To the right, just above the influx of the Wien into the Danube Canal, º * Bridge (Pl. E., 3) leads to the Landstrasse suburb p. • The Ringstrasse ends at the Aspernbrücke, a chain-bridge erected in 1864. The buttresses are adorned with allegorical statues by Melnitzky. The Franz-Josefs-Quai leads hence to the left along the canal, passing the Ferdinands-Brücke, the Stephanie-Brücke, and the Kaiserbad, to the Schotten-Ring (p. 208) and the Maria- Leopoldstadt. WIENNA. 35. Route. 229 Theresienbrücke. This suspension-bridge, with buttresses adorned with statues, opposite the large Rossauer or Rudolfs—Kaserne, leads to the Leopoldstadt quarter and the Augarten (see below). II. THE OUTER DISTRICTs. Of the 19 municipal districts of Vienna, Leopoldstadt, the second (II. BRZIRK), lies on the N. side of the Danube Canal. The chief artery of traffic is the PRATER-STRASSE (formerly Jägerzeile; Pl. E, F, 2, 3), through which the tramway runs from the Aspern- brücke to the Prater – Stern (p. 288), thence in a straight direction to the Kronprinz-Rudolfsbrücke and the Communalbad (p. 238), to the left to the stations of the N. and N. W. Railways (p. 185), and to the right to the back of the Rotunda in the Prater (p. 239). In the Prater-Str. are situated the Carl Theatre (Pl. 402; No. 31) and the Church of St. John (Pl. 56), built by Rösner in 1842-45, and decorated with frescoes by Führich, Schulz, and Kupel- wieser. Near this, Tempelgasse 5, is the Synagogue (Pl. 96), a brick edifice in the Moorish style by Förster (1853–58), with an atrium tastefully decorated with mosaics; and in the Circusgasse, beyond the Circus Renz, is the Synagogue of the Turkish Jews (Sephardist community), by Wiedenfeld, with atrium, handsome dome, and sumptuous interior. In the Prater-Stern is the Tegett- hoff Monument, erected in 1886, consisting of a bronze statue of the hero of Lissa and Heligoland (d. 1871), by Kundmann, on a marble column (36 ft. high), adorned with ships-prows in bronze, with Battle and Victory below, in chariots drawn by sea-horses. On the E. the Leopoldstadt is bounded by the Prater (p. 288). On the N.W. lies the Augarten (Pl. D, E, 1, 2), a park of 125 acres laid out in the French style, and opened to the public by Emp. Joseph II. in 1775. The small Augarten Palace is now the official residence of the Obersthofmeister, or High Chamberlain, Prince Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst. (Café, see pp. 488, 191.) The Augarten is bounded on the N. by the Brigittenau (P1. D, 1), which contains extensive factories and a handsome early-Gothic *Church, with two towers, built by Schmidt in 1867-73. The richly painted interior is adorned with frescoes by C. and F. Jobst. Altar-sculptures by Erler; stained glass by Geyling. — The Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Brücke, constructed in 1872-76, crosses the main arm of the Danube from Brigittenau to Flo- ridsdorf (p. 319). The III, DISTRICT, Landstrasse, lies on the right bank of the Wien and the Danube Canal, and extends W. to the Heugasse and S. to the Belvedere-Linie. Opposite the Aspernbrücke the Wien is crossed by the Radetzky-Bridge (1854). On the right are the Goods Post Office and the Custom House (Pl. 66), on the left the Steamboat Offices (Pl. 27). The Radetzky-Str. and the Löwengasse lead straight to the *Weissgårberkirche (St. Othmar's, Pl, 63 a), erected by Schmidt, in the early-Gothic style (1866–73), with a tower 250 ft. high. 230 Route 35. VIENNA. Belvedere. On the Wien, to the S. of the Custom House and beyond the Stubenbrücke (p. 226), are the grounds of the Vienna Skating Club, including a large skating-rink and a lawn-tennis ground (adm. 50 kr.). Opposite stands the Grossmarkthalle (Pl. 65b). In the Invalidengasse, a little to the E., beyond the railway-viaduct, is the Imperial Invalidenhaus (Pensioners’ Hospital; Pl. 44), con- taining two large paintings by Krafft of the battles of Aspern and Leipsic (adm. on application to the Commandant). — Heumarkt No. 4, a little to the S., is the Imperial Mint (Pl. 68). Near it, in the Linke Bahngasse, is the Veterinary Institution (Thierarznei- Institut; Pl. 105), attended by 1000 students, interesting to ex- perts and farmers. The Geological Institution (Pl. 36; F, 4; adm. see p. 193) in the Liechtenstein Palace, Rasumoffsky-Gasse 23, founded in 1849, possesses important collections. At the E. end of the Rasumoffsky- Gasse the Sophien-Brücke crosses the Danube Canal to the Prater. On the right bank of the Canal, lower down, are the Gas-works, which boast of the biggest gasometer on the continent. Farther S., in the Boerhave-Gasse, is the Rudolf Hospital (Pl. F, 5), built by Horky in 1862-65. Then the large Artillery Bar- racks (Pl. 15), and, outside the St. Marxer Linie, the Slaughter Houses (Pl. 92), with the Central Cattle Market, covering 18 acres of ground, with room for 37,000 head of cattle. From this point the Rennweg leads N.W. to the Schwarzenberg-Brücke (p. 226), passing the new Government Printing-Office (“Staatsdruckerei'; comp. p. 204), the Botanic Garden (Pl. 12), with the Botanical Museum of the University, the Palais Metternich (right; No. 27), built by Romano in 1840, the Lower Belvedere, and large Bar- racks. What was once Prince Metternich's park (Pl. E, 5) is now covered with a handsome new quarter, including the palaces of the German and British Embassies (Metternichgasse 3 and 6) and of the Grand-Duke of Luzembourg. The Belvedere, an imperial château, erected for Prince Eugene of Savoy (d. 1736) in 1693–1724, and occupied by him till the time of his death, consists of two buildings, the Lower Belvedere, which contained the Ambras and other collections down to 1889, and the Upper Belvedere, or château proper, which contained the picture-gallery, removed to the Imperial Art Museum in 1891, and not yet reopened (p. 219). Between them extends a terrassed garden, laid out in the French style; in the lower part are shady avenues; the upper part, with its grass-plots, flower-beds, and fountains, is embellished with figures of children, representing the twelve months, by Gasser. To the S. E. of this point, near the State Railway Station and beyond the Lines, is the *Arsenal (Pl. 2; F, 7; adm. see p. 193), erected in 1849-55, enclosed within a spacious quadrangle, more than 1/3 M. in length, and 1/4 M. in breadth, at the corners and on Army Museum. VIENNA. 35. Route. 231 the sides of which are barracks. Entrance through the Comman- dantwr-Gebäude; over the entrance are the different handicrafts con- nected with war, in the centre Austria, statues in sandstone by Gasser. Within the precincts are the Army Museum, the Gun Fac- tory, Smithies, Carpenters' Yards, a Cannon Foundry, etc.; at the back is the Romanesque church, containing a Madonna over the altar, which remained uninjured when the arsenal was stormed in 1848. The *Army Museum (“Heeresmuseum’; adm., see p. 193), erected by Hansen in a rich composite Romanesque and Moorish style, con- tains on the first floor the Ruhmeshalle, and on each side of it the Waffensäle. On the ground-floor are the model-rooms, and part of the great depôt of fire-arms. Superb vestibule, borne by twelve groups of pillars, and adorned with 56 marble statues of Austrian heroes. The staircase, supported by four clustered columns, is de- corated with allegorical frescoes by Rahl, and a group in marble, Austria protecting her children, by Benk. The “Austrian Ruhmeshalle (“Hall of Fame’) consists of a central hall covered with a dome, 75 ft. in height, and two smaller saloons adjoining it. Frescoes by Blaas: in the central hall, on the left, the Battle of Nördlingen 1634, St. Gotthard 1664, Zenta 1697, Turin 1700. In the dome are scenes from the earlier history of Austria. In the saloon on the left the central picture is the Foundation of the Maria. Theresa order; on the left Pia- cenza, 1746, Kolin 1756, Hochkirch 1758, Belgrade 1781. In the saloon on the right the central picture represents the Entry of Francis II. into Vienna in 1815; on the left Caldiero 1805, Aspern 1809, Leipsic 1813, Novara 1849. The gallery of the central hall (ascent in the corner to the left) affords a good Survey of the frescoes in the dome and the twelve Smaller Scenes in the corners. The marble walls of these three rooms bear tablets record- ing the names of Austrian generals and colonels who have fallen in battle since 1618. The Weapon Rooms on the right and left, which formerly contained the Imperial Collection of Weapons (now in the Art-History Museum, p. 216), has recently been fitted up under the direction of Archduke William as an Austrian Army Museum. In the weapon-room on the left, ranged along the walls in stands, in chronological order, are the weapons and accoutrements of the Austrian army from the Thirty Years’ War down to the death of Empress Maria. Theresa. Above, in large groups, are other Austrian weapons with contemporaneous foreign weapons, banners, and other trophies captured in war. The glass-cases in front of the windows and by the walls contain the sword of Tilly; the collar of Gustavus Adol- phus, covered with bullet-marks and blood-stains, which the king wore when he fell at Lützen : Wallenstein's written orders to Pappenheim, general of cavalry, found soaked in blood on his dead body after the battle of Lützen; hat of Marshal Aldringen, torn from his head by a bullet at the battle of Rain (1632); swords of Emp. Ferdinand III. and Gen. Spork; hussar's helmet of Gen. Zrinyi; Montecuccoli's coat of mail; hat of Gen. Feister, which was pinned to his head by the arrow-head lying by it at the siege of Vienna (1683); interesting collection of medals relating to the Siege of Vienna; two general's batons, a cloth waistcoat with sleeves of mail, a cuirass with bullet-marks, and a lock of hair of Prince Eugene of Savoy; swords of Guido Starhemberg and Marshal Dawn; hat, sword, Scarf, and lock of hair of Marshal Laudon; adjoining this case is the monument dedicated to Prince Wenzel Liechtenstein, general of artillery, by Empress Maria. Theresa. — The room on the right contains, similarly arranged, Austrian weapons and trophies (including Montgolfier's balloon, captured at Würzburg in 1786) from the year 1780 down to the present time. In the cases observe the crosses of the Order of Maria. Theresa of 232 Route 35. WIENNA. Wieden. all the knights since 1763; memorials of the self-sacrificing spirit of the Austrians in the years of war 1792-94; the swords of Wurmser and Clerfayt; the dragoon’s sabre of Emp. Joseph II. ; the uniforms, weapons, and works on military science of Archduke Charles; adjoining the case are the colours of the Zach regiment, which the Archduke seized at the decisive moment at the battle of Aspern and with them led the Austrians to the charge and to victory (comp. Monument in the Outer Burgplatz, p. 200); also the hat, sword, stick, and scarf of the marshal Prince Carl Schwarzen- berg; weapons, orders, and uniforms of Emp. Francis I., of Generals Ferraris, Unterberger, Bianchi, Nugent, Windischgrätz, Haynau, and Hentzi, of field-marshal Count Radetzky (with numerous insignia of honours con- ferred on him), of Col. Kopal and Admiral Tegetthoff; adjoining the case is the gift of honour presented to the admiral by the city of Trieste after the battle of Lissa (Neptune hurling a man-of-war into the abyss). In front of the Museum Building is a collection of cannons : On the left Austrian guns from the year 1400 down to modern times, on the left foreign pieces, mostly captured. The Elizabeth Bridge (p. 225) forms the chief approach to Wieden, the fourth municipal district of Vienna (IV. BEZIRK), in which, on the right, beyond the deep channel of the Wien, lies the Fruit Market (p. 193). To the left is the Protestant School (Pl. 93), a brick edifice in the Renaissance style by Hansen (1861). Ad- jacent is the Polytechnic Institution (Pl. 77; adm. see p. 194), containing collections of Austrian products, models of machinery, mathematical and mechanical instruments, large laboratory, botani- cal, zoological, and mineralogical collections, &c. In the grounds in front of the building is the Statue of Ressel (Pl. 34a), inventor of the screw-propeller, in bronze, designed by Fernkorn (1863). The Technological Collection (adm. see p. 194), connected with the Polytechnic, is divided into four sections: 1. Tools and machinery; 2. Raw materials and manufactures in various stages; 3. Finished manufactures; 4. Models. The Karlskirche (Pl. 50), erected in 1716-37 in the reign of Emp. Charles VI., after the cessation of the plague, by Fischer von Er- lach, is a lofty structure with a dome, in the Italian baroque style, and is preceded by a Corinthian portico of six columns. The effects of the plague are pourtrayed in relief in the tympanum. Flanking the portico are two colossal Columns, 108 ft. in height, and 13 ft. in diameter, with reliefs from the life of St. Carlo Borromeo by Mader, and clock-towers at the top (to which staircases in the in- terior ascend). To the left in the church is a monument of the poet H. v. Collin (d. 1811). The quarter to the S. E. of the Karlskirche now contains many handsome new buildings. In the Allee-Str. (PI. D, E, 5, 6) is the Palace of the Grand-duke of Tuscany, and in the Theresianum- gasse (Pl. D, E, 6) is the Palace of Baron Nathaniel von Roth- schild (No. 14), with a beautiful garden. The adjacent Heugasse contains the palaces of Miller von Aichholz (No. 30), Baron Albert von Rothschild (No 26), by Destailleurs, and others. In the Favoriten -Strasse, to the W., are the Deaf and Dumb Mariahilf. VIENNA. 35. Route. 233 Asylum (Pl. 97; D, 6), founded by Maria Theresa in 1779 (adm., see p. 493), and the Theresianische Ritter-Akademie (Pl. 104; for- merly Schloss Favorite, whence the name of the present 10th Dis- trict), with a large garden. — The Church of St. Elizabeth (Pl. 50a; E, 6), in the Karolinen - Platz, is a Gothic edifice in brick, built by Bergmann in 1860–66. The W. DISTRICT, Margarethen (which does not adjoin the Ringstrasse), lies to the S.E. of the fourth. To the S. of the latter, outside the Favoriten – Linie, lies the new suburb of Favoriten (X, BBZIRK), which contains the stations of the Südbahn and the Staatsbahn (P1, E, 7). In Mariahilf, the VI. DISTRICT, on the left bank of the Wien, Magdalen-Str. No. 8, is the Theater an der Wien (Pl. 101; p. 191), built by Schikaneder in 1798–1801, with room for 1780 persons. In the Gumpendorfer-Str. lies the Esterhazy or Kaunitz Garden (Pl. C, 5), the property of the city, with the Real-Gymnasium. The marble Statue of Joseph Haydn, by Natter, in front of the Maria- hilf church (Mariahilfer-Str. 55–57), was erected in 1887. The *Gänsemädchen, a fountain-figure by J. Wagner, which formerly stood here, is now in front of the Rahlstiege, beyond the Mariahilfer-Str. — Nearer the Gumpendorf Line are the Teactile School, Marchetti- gasse 3, and the Romanesque *Protestant Church (Pl. 53; B, 6), built by Förster and Hansen in 1846–49. Adjacent, on the S., is the large Gumpendorf Slaughter House, built in 1861. The “Church of Fünfhaus, Gürtel-Str., outside the Mariahilf Line, is an octagonal Gothic edifice with two towers and a lofty dome, built in 1864-74 by Schmidt; fine polychrome painting in the interior. — Near it is the station of the Kaiserin- Elisabeth-Westbahn, the vestibule of which contains a marble statue of the Empress Elizabeth by Gasser. Within the Mariahilf Line, in the Kaiser-Str., in Neubau, the VII. DISTRICT, stands the *Lazaristenkirche, built in the Gothic style by Schmidt in 1860–62. — In the Lerchenfelder-Str., on the N. side of the district, is the *Altlerchenfeld Church (Pl. 44; B, 4), a finely-proportioned brick structure in the Italian mediaeval style, with two towers and an octagonal dome above the cross, built from Müller's designs in 1848-61. It is tastefully decorated with frescoes by Binder, Führich, Kupelwieser, and others. In the Josefstadt, the VIII. DISTRICT, at the corner of the Ler- chenfelder-Str. and the Auersperg-Str., rises the handsome Palace of Prince Auersperg (Pl. 71; C, 4), built in 1724 by Fischer von Erlach. — Farther N., Landesgerichts-Str. 7, is the Military Geo- graphical Institute (PI. 67; C, 3), a handsome building, in which the ordnance and other government maps are executed. — Ad- jacent, Landesgerichts-Str. 9, is Count Czernin's Palace (Pl. 85), containing the Czernin Picture Gallery (adm, see p. 194; 343 pic- tures), exhibited in four saloons and the private apartments. Cata- logue 30 kr. 1st Room (the farthest back): (1.) 1. Maratta, Holy Family : 5. Sasso- Jerrato, Holy Family; 9. Luini, Madonna; 19. Titian (?), Alphonso of 234 Route 35. VIENNA. Czernin Gallery. Eerrara ; 20. A. del Saºto, Holy Family; 22. Early Florenţine Sch. Altar- piece in 24 sections (1344); 27. J. van Eyck, Presentation in the Temple; 38. Titian, Portrait of the Doge Francesco Venieri; 45. M. Zenego, Re- pentant Magdalene; *48. Murillo, Christ on the Cross; 50. Guercino, St. Sebastian ; 54. Tintoretto, Doge ; 57. Spagnoletto, Philosopher; 58. P. Moja, Portrait; 59. Greuze, Magdalene. On the easels: 230. Brouwer, Village- leech; 231. Ostade, Smoker; 232. Rembrandt, Portrait of his mother; 73. Teniers, Bagpiper; '91. W. van de Velde, Calm. — 2nd Room: 93. Snyders, Vulture fighting with snakes; *117. Van der Meer, His own studio; 118. Wouwerman, Return from the chase; 119. Cuyp, Cattle reposing; 128. Van Dyck, Cupid; 132. Renesse, His own family at an evening -entertainment; 133, 184. Everdingen, 144. Wynants, 145. Pynacker, Landscapes; 146. Claude Zorrain (?), Landscape; 147. Ruysdael, Storm at Sea; 149. Velazquez, Boy’s head; 152. Mierevelt, Portrait; 154. Van Dyck, Portrait; 160, 161. Callot, Bambocciata; 162. Baroccio, Portrait of himself; 164. Dürer, Portrait; 169. Wynants, Landscape; 170. Huysum, Flowers; 171. Weenia, Game; 172. Hondecoeter, Poultry; 173. Snyders, Fox hunted by dogs. On the easels: Dou, *175. Players, 476. Portrait of himself; 183. Van Dyck, Portrait; *187. Paul Potter, Cows coming out of a stable; 118. Van der Wee', Con- flagration at night; 190. Ruysdael, Landscape. — 3rd Room: 191. Murillo, Sleeping child; 193. Callot, Temptation of St. Anthony; *205, 206. Van der Helsi, Portraits; Ryckaert, 221. Musical party, 220. Peasants in a tavern; 222. Lampi, Portrait of the founder of the gailery; 234. Rubens, 233. Vaň Dyck, Portraits; Ruthard, 235. Bear-hunt, 236. Stag-hunt; 244. Le Brun, Venus and Cupid; 248. Ruysdael, Landscape. — In the centre a statue of Archduke Charles. – 4th Room (entrance-room): Guido Reni, 254. Female head, 255. Madonna; 257. Cuyp, Landscape with cattle; 261. Van Goyen, Dutch Scene; 279. Schalcken, Sieeping girl. — The private apartments, Containing a number of other pictures, are only shown when the family is from home. Farther on, Landesgerichts-Str. 19, is the Criminal Court(P1.26), a large building with two corner-pavilions, erected in 1830–34, and recently enlarged by an addition fronting the Alser-Str. The court- room for jury-trials is very handsome (adm. during the assizes). The Alser-Str. separates the Josefstadt from Alsergrund, the IX. DISTRICT. Immediately to the right, in the Maximilians-Platz, rises the *Votive Church (p. 209). Farther W., in the Alser-Str., are large Barracks (Pl. 23), and beyond them the vast Public Hos- pital (Allgemeine Krankenhaus, Pl. 64; C, 2, 3), the largest in Europe (2000 beds). At the back is the so-called Narrenthurm, or “Fools Tower', built by Joseph II. for insane patients. To the W., No. 14 Lazarethgasse, is the Lunatic Asylum (Pl. 42; B 2), built by Fellner in 1848–52, and enlarged in 1878, fitted up for 700 inmates, with extensive gardens. *—- To the E., opposite the Votive Church, towards the Schotten- Ring, is the dome-covered Maria-Theresienhof. In the Währinger- Str. (Nos. 10 & 13) are the Chemical Laboratory (PI. 24a; C, 2, 3; to the right) and the Anatomical Institute, built in 1886 (No. 13, to the left). Farther on, to the right, are the Palaces of Count Chotek (No. 28) and Prince Dietrichstein (Pl. 78; No. 30), the latter with a large garden. — The Josephinum (Pl. 48; C, 2), Währinger-Str. 25, a medical college founded in 1784 by Emp. Joseph II. for the education of military physicians, is connected with the hospital of the garrison. In the court a Hygieia as a foun- Liechtenstein Gallery. VIENNA. 35. Route. 235 tain-figure. — At Währinger-Str. 59, near the Währinger Linie, is the Technical Industrial Museum, with collections of electric apparatus and articles in wood and metal (adm. see p. 194). The *Liechtenstein Picture Gallery (adm. see p. 194; cata- logue obtainable from the porter) in the old summer-residence of the prince (Pl. 88; C, 2), No. 1 Fürstengasse, 1/2 M. from the Schotten-Ring, containing about 800 valuable works, besides others of less importance, is by far the most extensive of the private collections at Vienna. The gallery is rich in important works by Rubens, Van Dyck, and Teniers. The six pictures illustrating the story of Decius bear witness to Rubens's sympathetic study of the antique, and, though certainly not entirely the work of his own brush, must yet be numbered among the best examples of the master in existence. The Daughters of Cecrops and the portraits of his sons also deserve special attention. Van Dyck’s portrait of Maria Louisa de Tassis is one of the finest female portraits of the 17th century. The early Netherlandish works will also repay careful inspection. Roomſ I. Large mythological scenes by Franceschini. Room II. Guido Reni, 1. David with the head of Goliath, 2. St. Jerome, 3. Bacchus and Ariadne in Naxos ; 6. Sassoferrato, 7. Titian, Ma- donnas; 8. Polidoro da Caravaggio, Holy Family (grisaille, after Raphael); 10. Guido Reni, Magdalene; 13. Moretto, Madonna and Child, with St. An- thony; 14. Pellegrino Tibaldi, Adoration of the Shepherds;17. Cagnacci, Jacob and Laban; 19. Passinelli, Magdalene; 20. Perugino, Virgin and Child (replica of the picture in the Pitti Palace); *21. W. Poussin, Holy Family. Room III. 22. After Raphael, John Baptist in the Desert; 23. Sasso- ferrato, Madonna; *24. Cotignola (?), Holy Family; 26. Guido Reni, Infant Christ sleeping on a cross; 27. School of A. del Sarto (Dom. Puligo 2), Head of John Baptist; 29. Maratti, Bathsheba ; 31. Michelangelo Caravaggio, Lute-player; 32. Leonardo da Vinci (?), Portrait; 33. School of Correggio, Venus with the sleeping Cupid; 34. Giac. Francia, Madonna; *36. Fran. Francia, Portrait; 37. Guido Reni, John Baptist; 38. G. Ferrabosco, David with the head of Goliath; 39. Prócaccini, Calling of St. Peter; 40. G. Reni, Adoration of the Shepherds ; 41. Spagnoletto, Crucifixion of St. Peter; 44. Venetian School, Portrait of a woman; 45. G. Reni, St. John ; 46. Guercino, Abraham's offering. Roomſ VI. *47–52. Rubens, History of Decius, six large pictures with numerous figures. Bronze busts and Statuettes after antiques. Room V. 55. Dirk Barentsen, Oldenbarneveld; 56. A. van Dyck, St. Jerome; 57. M. J. Mierevelt, Portrait; A. van Dyck, *58. Maria. Louisa de Tassis of Antwerp, *61. Wallenstein (?); Rubens, 59. Allegory, 60. Cruci- fixion; Van Dyck, 62. Entombment, 63, 65, Portraits; 64. Rubens, Entomb- ment; Van Dyck, 66. Portrait; 67. Virgin and Child, 68. Lady in Spanish dress, 69. Ryckaert the painter (copy); 70, 71. Rubens, Old man and wo- man; Van Dyck, 72. Archduke Ferdinand of Austria (copy), 73. Clergyman, 74. Old man, 76. Young lady; *75. Frans Hals, Haarlem citizen; 77. Pour- bus, Portrait; 78. Rubens, Rome triumphant. - Room VI. 79. F. van Leua, Risen Christ appearing to the women ; 80. Rubens, Assumption; 81. Zegers, The Magi; Rembrandt, *82. Portrait of himself at an advanced age, 83, Diana and Endymion, *84. Portrait of himself (1635) ; 86. Dow, Portrait; 87. Rubens, Portrait; 90. Erasmus Quelli- nus, Solomon and the Queen of Sheba ; 97. Bockhorst, The five Foolish Virgins; Van Dyck, 94. Count John of Nassau, 98. Archduchess Clara Isabella Eugenia, 102. Crucifixion (grisaille); 103. W. van Vliet, Young woman; 104, 106, 108. Van Dyck, Portraits; Rubens, 105. Head of a boy, 109. Apollo (a sketch), *111. Daughters of Cecrops with the infant Erich- thonius, 113. Rombouts the painter, *114. Rubens's two sons, 115. Tiberius and Agrippina, 116. St. Anna and the Virgin, 117. Jupiter enthroned on clouds (sketch); 118. Jordaens, Man at table; 119. Bronckhorst, St. Bartho- lomew ; *120. Rubens, Toilette of Venus (a portrait of his second wife). 236 Route 35. VIENNA. Liechtenstein Gallery. Room VII. , 122. Rubens, Ajax and Cassandra; 126. J. van Delft, Por- trait of a boy; 127. Le Brun, Portrait of a general; 129. Sir A. More (Moor), Portrait; 130, 132. Seybold, The painter and his daughter; 133. F. Bol, Girl’s head; 137. B. van der Helst, Young man; 140. Coaccie, Bearing of the Cross; 142. N. Berchem, Death of Dido; 144. Sandrart, Archimedes; 146. Tamm, Game; 150. Van Dyck, Portrait; 151. Van Schuppen, Portrait of himself; Van Dyck, 125. The painter Frans Snyders, 153. The painter G. de Crayer, 154. Portrait; 156, 157. Pourbus, Old man and woman; 159. Quellinus, Old man. Upper Floor. Room I. 161. Battoni, Hercules' Choice; 162. Guercino, St. John ; 163. Battoni, Romulus and Virtue (or Venus?); 166. Prete Genovese, Christ at Emmaus; 169, 171. Tempesta, Landscapes; 170. Pietro da Cortona, Robber combat (antique style); 172. Garofalo, St. Christopher; 180. Ann. Carracci, St. Francis; 188. Salvator Rosa, Coast-scene; W. Poussin, 183. SS. Peter, and John healing the sick, 186. Flight into Egypt, 189. Holy Family; 184, 185, 187, 188. Gaspard Poussin (Dughet), Landscapes. RööM II. 191-193, 195, 196, 198, 199, 203-6. Ant. Canalé (Canaletto), Views in Venice; 194. P. da Cortona, Baptism of Constantine the Great; 197. Domenichino, Toilette of Venus ; 201. Padovanino, Magdalene; 208. Tiepolo, Abraham's visitors; 209. Ann., Carracci, Diana; Tempesta, 210, Sodom and Gomorrha, 212. Landscape; 211, 216, 217. Ant. Canale, Views in Venice; Bern. Bellotto (Canaletto), 215. View of Pirna, 218. The König- stein (on the Elbe); 220. Locatelli, Castle of S. Angelo; 222. Procaccini, Angel musicians; 223. Longhi, Cimarosa, the composer; 226, 229. Veronese, Marriage of St. Catharine; 227. Palma Vecchio (?), Holy Family; 230. Tin- toretto, Father and son ; 231. M. A. Caravaggio, Lucretia. RóOM III. Fr. Bassano, 232. Fire, 234. Earth; 233. Spagnoletto, Alle- gory of time; 239, 240. M. Ricci, Landscapes; S. Ricci, 243. Battle between Romans and Sabines, 245. Rape of the Sabine women; 244. Perino del Vaga, Holy Family; .246. Franc. Mola, Hero and Leander; 247, 249. Tem- pesta, Landscapes; 251. Guercino, Virgin adoring the Child; 254. Bugiar- dini, Madonna with Christ and John Baptist; 256. N. Poussin, Holy Fam- ily; 257. Turchi, Madonna; 359. Bassano, Shepherds; 262. C. Allori, Scourging of Christ; 267. Ciro Ferri, The Woman of Samaria; 270. Tiepoło, Christ on the Mt. of Olives; 373. Rafael Mengs, Nativity. - ROOM IV. Landscapes by Artois, Both, Hartman, Wynants, Molenaer, Cerquozzi, Vorstermans etc.; 292. Honthorst, St. Jerome. , Room V. 312, 314. Roos, Landscapes; 313. Kupetzky, A Smoker ; 322. Jan Both, Rest on the Flight into Egypt; 324. J. B. Weenia: , Italian coast; 326. Casanova, Peter the Great; 327. Van Uden and Rottenhammer, Banquet of the Gods; 328. Moucheron, 329. A. Cuyp, Landscapes; 335. Corn. Jusart, Rustic merry-making; 842. J. M. Molenaer, Cottage interior; 346. Karel Dujardin, Landscape with cattle; 348. Van der Meulen, Open- air theatre; 349. Blomaert, Argus and Mercury; 850. Gonzales Coques (?), Family in a garden; 351. Ryckaert, Nativity; 352. Lairesse, Allegory; 353. Amerling, Thorvaldsen; 355. Casanova, Thunder-storm; 356. Lampá, Por- trait of Canova. * - Room VI. 358, 360. Artois, Landscapes; 359. Glauber and Lairesse, Landscape; 361, 366. Huchtenburgh, Battle-pieces; 363. Bourguignon, Ca- valry engagement; Chardin, 369. Cook, 371. Mother and son, 376, 379. Cooks; 374, 375, 380, 381. J. Vernet, Seá-pieces; 390. Bourguignon, Battle; 393. J. van der Meer van Haarlem, Landscape; 404. Rubens, Perseus and Andromeda; 410. Vries, 412. Rubens, *414. De Vlieger, Landscapes; 415. Honthorst, Dentist. Roomſ VII. 420. Poelenburg,_Landscape; Ph. Wouwerman, 430. Rob- bers attacking, 432. Bathers, 443. Hawking; 431. Berchem, Judgment of Paris; 434. Brekelenkamp, Oyster-seller; 437. El. van den Broeck, Luncheon; J. B. van der Meiren, 444. Attack, 446. Cavalry skirmish, 448. Emigrants, 450. Harbour, 454. Naval battle ; 447. J. M. Molenaer, Bean-feast; 494. Wou- werman, Landscape; 455. Dirk Hals, Lady and gentleman; 461. Van der Werff, Venus; 465. Lampi, Prince John Liechtenstein; 469, 474, 481, 484, 493. Teniers the Younger, Peasant-life; 480. Teniers, Pilgrims; 473. G. Dow (Verelst?), Boys; 477. J. Brueghel, Landscape, with Tobias; 475. Eglon van Liechtenstein Gallery. VIENNA. 35. Route, 237 der Neer, Lady in a silk dress; Craesbecke, 476. Lute-player, 478. Returning home by night; AV8. Aart van deſ: Weer, Landscape by moonlight 3, 183, 494. A. van Ostade, Rustic scenes; 486. Slingeland, Money-changer; 491. J. van Mieris, Harper. Landscapes by Pymacker (464, 468, 471), Joh. Brueghel (477, 492), W. Berchem (482), and L. v. Uden (487-490). — 492. Ph. de Champaigne, Pietà ; 503. Snayers, Cavalry fight; 505. Thomas, Alchemist; 510. Terburg, Portrait; Palamedés, 511. Cavalry battle, 512. Guard-room; 514. Duc, Officers gambling; 523. Jordaens, Satyrs; Teniers, 518. Landscape, 523. Rustic scene; 524. Limborch, Musical party. — Landscapes by J. Swamé- veld (504), J. Ruysdael (513), Sachtleven (515), G. Berckheyde (520), Leducq (521), N. Berchem. (522, 526), and Van der Does (527). Room VIII. 529. Carré, Fair; 530. Geeraerts, Children and Cupids; 533, 535. Egb. van der Poel, Conflagrations; *534. Ph. Wouwerman, Battle; 537, 538, 560. Poelenburg, Landscapes; 539. A. Brouwer, Dentist; 540, 543. Huysum, Flowers; 541, 542. Teniers the Younger, Rustic scenes; 544. Craes- becke, Night scene; 545, 547. Torenvliet, Portraits; 548. Elsheimer, Flight into Egypt; 550, 558. Bakhuisen, Sea-pièces; Teniers the Younger, 552. St. Anthony, *553. Stable; *554. Ryckaert, Musical Entertainment; 555. Pala- medes, Guard-room; 561. Brueghel, Landscape; Ruthart, 569. Stag, 571. Herdsmen ; 570. Francken the Younger, Apollo and the Muses; 577. P. Neefs the Elder, Church-interior; 580. Er. Quellinus, Achilles among the women ; 582. Torenvliet, and 584, 588. G. Schalcken, Portraits; 583. A. van de Velde, Ruins beside water; 591. Francken, John the Baptist preaching; 592. J. Bol, Parting; 593. F. de Vriendt, Nativity; 594. P. van der Leeuw, Landscape ; 595. A. van de Velde, Landscape; 596. A. v. Ostade, Peasants dancing; 597. Backhuisen, Stormy sea; 598, 602. Rachel Ruysch, Flowers; 599. Fabritius, Mountain scene; 605. Ph. Wouwerman, Two horsemen; 604, 606, 607, 608. Toorenvliet, Portraits; 609. Asselyn, Architecture; 611. Molemaer, Winter landscape; 612. Mignon, Fruit; 613. Roos, Herdsman's family; 615. A. van der Werff, Entombment. — 618. Corn. van Haarlem, Mythological scene. Room IX. 625. Ruthart, Lion; 627. Antois, Beech forest; 629. Moucheron, Landscape: 631. Cuyp, Herdsman and herd-woman; 640. Steenwyck, Church- interior; 639, 642. P. van Laar, Night-scenes; Brakenburgh, 644. Judas in the Temple, 646. The unjust steward; 645. G. van den Eeckhout, Royal banquet; 647,650, 651,666,674. Boudewijns, and 652, 654. Moucheron, Land- scapes; 655. Craesbecke, Peasant and wife: 656, 660. Diepenbeeck, Arts and Sciences; 658. Ruthart, Mountain-goats and leopardess; 661. Dirk Hals, Back- gammon; Berckheyden,662. Farm-yard, 665. Bucolic scene; 663. P. de Bloot, Öhrist with Martha; 66i sai. Koning, Öhrist opening the eyes of the bind: Style of A. Elsheimer, Ceres; 675. J. M. Molenaer, Rustic party; 684. Ruthart, Lion; 685. J. van Huysum, Italian coast-scene; 689. A. van de Velde, Argus and Io; 691. J. van der Heyden, Canal-scene; 692. W. van Drillen- burg, Landscape; 695. J. Ruysdael, Silvan landscape; 696. Rembrandt, Calm Sea. . Room X. 699. Aldegrever, Young man; 700. M. Schaffner, Madonna; 701. J. van Hemessen, Zacchaeus; 702. Altdorfeº' (?), Coronation of the Virgin; 706. Mielich, Portrait; 709. Fr. Clouet (school-piece), Portrait; 710. Lucas van Leyden, Hermit in the desert; 711. Amberger (?), 714. Zeit. blom, 713. J. Clouet (?), and 717. Holbein the Younger (?), Portraits. – 720. P. Brueghel the Eider, Winter scene; 712. Barth. de Bruyn, Magda- lene; 722. Wetherlands School, The three Magi; 724, 726. B. van Órley, Altar Wings; 725. Memling, Madonna; 728. Wetherlands School (15th cent.), “Cruci- fixion; 730. Patinir, Crucifixion; 733. Memling, Madonna and Child; 734. Early Italian School, Miniature Portraits; 735-737. Hugo van der Goes, Triptych 3,789. Granach, Abraham's offering; 741. Franconian School, Natiº vity. — T44, 745. Gerhard van Haarlem (Éárly Flemish School 7), ‘Altar- piece; 746. Aug. Braun, Nativity; 748. Josse de Momper, Landscape; 749. Aertszen, Rocky landscape; 750. Francken, Crucifixion; 751, 753. Cominaloo, Landscapes; 752. Winckboons (?), Landscape. - ..., ROOM XI. (to the right of the preceding). Animals, flower-pieces, and still-lifes by Tamm, Jan Fyt, M. van Verendael, Weenia, Valckenburg, De Koninck, Angermeyer, Hondecoeter, De Heem, Savery, Streek, Schlegel, J. Roy, J. van Es, Gillemans, Van Oversche, and Snyders. . . . . 238 Route 35. WIENNA. Proter. Room XII. Similar works by Jam Fyff, Heda, Weenia, De Koninck, Tamm, Hondecoeter, W. van Aelst, F. Snyders, De Heem, Van Thielen, and Hamilton. Sea-pieces by S. de Vlieger, Bakhuysen, Silo, Willaerts and Dubbels. Landscapes by Loutherbourg, Van Huysum, and Jan Both. On the N. side of the pleasant park, which is generally closed, stands the handsome new palace built by Ferstel in the “imperial' style. — A little to the N. is the Station of the Franz-Josefs-Bahn (p. 185), whence the Brigitta Bridge leads E. to the Brigittenau (p. 229). The suburb of Währing, which lies to the W. of Alsergrund, outside the Währinger Linie, contains the tasteful villas and handsome casino of the Wiener Cottage-Verein, charmingly situated at the S.E. base of the Türkenschanze. On the top of the Türkenschanze is the new Observatory. — In the Gürtel-Str., outside the Währinger Line, is the Jewish Hospital, founded by the late Baron Anselm von Rothschild, and admirably fitted up. The *Prater, a park and forest on the E. side of the city, ad- joining the Leopoldstadt, 4270 acres in extent, became the property of the imperial family in 1570, and was used as a chasse till 1766, when Emp. Joseph II. opened it as a public park. From the Prater- Stern (Pl. F, 2), a circular space at the end of the busy Prater- Strasse (formerly Jägerzeile, p. 229), radiate three great avenues, the Haupt- Allee, the Feuerwerk- or Ausstellungs - Allee, and the Schwimmschul-Allee, which divide the Prater into three fanshaped sections. The HAUPT-ALLEE, or principal avenue, to the right, with a quadruple row of fine chestnut-trees, is a fashionable resort in spring, when many fine horses, elegant toilettes, and hand- some faces will be observed. The chief gala-days are Easter Monday, 1st May, and 18th Aug. (the Emperor's birthday). The usual drive extends past the three Cafés (p. 191, military band daily in summer) as far as the (14/2 M.) Rondeau, or to the Lust- haws (Restaurant), 14/2 M. farther. Opposite the second and third cafés is the Constantinhügel (Sacher's Rest. and garden), an arti- ficial hill, with a pond at its base. Nearer the entrance of the Prater (Haupt-Allee No. 1) is the Vivarium or menagerie (adm., see p. 194). The part of the Prater between the Haupt-Allee and the Feuer- werks-Allee, and beyond the latter, known as the VoIKs- or WUR- STEL-PRATER, is the favourite haunt of the humbler classes, espe- cially on Sunday and holiday-afternoons, and abounds in suitable attractions (‘Wurstel' = buffoon). Fürst's Volkstheater, see p. 194. Skating-rink, Panorama, etc., see p. 191. Fire-works occasionally in summer, and on the Emperor's birthday, 18th Aug. The Danube Improvement Works of the last few years have provided a broad new channel for the river on the N.E. side of the Prater, where a new quarter, called the Donaustadt, is projected. At the end of the Schwimmschul-Allee (tramway), which leads from the Prater-Stern to the Danube, to the left, is the admirably or— ganised *Communalbad (p. 192; Pl. G, 1), with a swimming- sº s' º 2. Ž3: 9 º – |#1: 3. Tº ºb|3 :=4=| * - . º ſº 5 : # º º º º # # º -76&oquožavany，`A. Z/~wtv/topºgrº rºſſº-ºſae/o/º/o/a/29 ·$§§§ (vzorsømrwyg y-¿?źéãȧ§ $yorºrºº ºorræArºz-&&?N,§§№ÈŘ 3yoyºyoº ººrſpr.- *I*- -…» （§§ÈN---- - - ………-…---- Ķſ. ÈN >Rre.I n ssoſ qøsnsn'I’YI YI »№ ¿ ！%$ ±% ~::~~=E>>:>:: .…--~~~~--~~~~ } SCHôNBRUNN. 36. Route. 239 bath, 250 by 145 ft. (9-12, reserved for ladies), four smaller basins for non-swimmers, and a number of private baths (room for 1200 persons in all). The terrace of the café affords a fine view of the new channel of the Danube as far as the Kahlenberg. The *Kron- prinz-Rudolf-Brücke, built by Fischer in 1872–76 at a cost of 3 mill. fl., crosses the Danube here. Below it, on the right bank, are extensive warehouses and magazines, connected by rails with the N. station and the junction-line. About 1/2 M. farther down, on the same bank, are the Military Swimming Baths (p. 192). To the International Eahibition held in the Prater in 1873 ori- ginally belonged the Rotunda, the two “Pavillons des Amateurs', and the Maschimenhalle, now used for exhibitions, concerts, studios, etc. Fine view from the roof of the rotunda (adm. 20 kr.). Near this are the Race Course and the dairy of the Krieaw (*Restaurant). — At the end of the Prater is the Freudenau, where the chief races take place (grand stand 2 fl.). The grand and admirably kept Central Cemetery near Kaiser-Ebers- dorf (tramway, see p. 190) contains many fine monuments. Observe, to the left of the Arcades, in the middle, the monument to the victims of the appalling fire at the Ring Theatre on 8th Dec. 1881. Among illustri- ous persons, buried here, or whose remains have been brought hither from cemetries, are Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Ghega, Gen. John, the two Littrow's, Haymerle, Dingelstedt, Makart, Amerling, Laufberger, Fernkorn, Romano, Arlt, Maroicic, Hauslab, Weilen, Adam Burg, Toni v. Arneth (betrothed to Th. Körner). — In the large MATZLEINSDORF CEMETERY, 3/4 M. to the S.W. of the Südbahnhof, reposes Gluck, on the right, about the middle of the wall between the old and the new cemetery. Also Zedlitz, Füger, and others. — In the PROTESTANT CEMETERY (Matzleinsdorf) lie Count Beust, Hebbel, Mohs, H. Laube, Beckmann, Fichtner, Löwe, An- schütz, Meianer, Am. Haizinger, Julie Rettich, Josefine Gallmeyer, Saphir, Jac. Alt, Canon,” Fritz l’Allemand. — In the WEIDLING CEMETERY repose the poet Lenau (granite pyramid with bust in bronze) and the Orien- talist Jos. v. Hammer-Purgstall. 36. Environs of Vienna. The LEFT BANK of the Danube below Vienna is uninteresting, ex- cepting historically as the scene of the battles of Aspern and Wagram, fought in 1809 on the Marchfeld (p. 324), a flat agricultural tract bounded on the E. by the March. (Visitors to the battle-field take the Steam Tram- way from the Stefanie-Brücke, p. 195; to Asperm 36, 46 kr., return-tickets 56, 76 kr. A stone lion marks the battle-field.) The beautiful environs on the RIGHT BANK, Schönbrunn, Laalenburg, the Brühl, Baden, etc., are easily reached by omnibus or railway. The paths to the points of interest are generally indicated by coloured marks and signs, a key to which is Sold at the railway-stations. SCHöNBRUNN. HIETZING. PENZING. *Schönbrunn (excursion of 3-4 hrs. ; tramway, p. 190, passes Glose by the Schönbrunn Bridge), an Imperial château on the Wien, 1/2 M. to the S.W. of the Mariahilf Line, was once a hunting-lodgé of the Emp. Matthias (1619). The present building, designed by Fischer v. Erlach, was completed under Maria Theresa in 1744-50. Napoleon I. had his head-quarters here in 1805 and 1809, and his 240 Route 36. HIETZING. Environs son the Duke of Reichstadt afterwards died (22nd July, 1832) in the room once occupied by his father. — The extensive GARDEN, in the French style of the 18th cent., is open to the public. On the parterre, with its well-kept flower-beds, are 32 marble statues by Beyer and others; farther on, a large basin with two fountains, and Neptune with sea-horses and Tritons in the centre. On a hill (777 ft.) is the Gloriette, commanding a fine view of Vienna (ascent to the right in the arcade, or by the lift in the corner-pavilion to the left). To the left of the main avenue are the Roman ruin, the Obelisk, and the ‘Schöne Brunnen' (beautiful fountain; the Nymph Egeria by Beyer), whence the château derives its name. The Menagerie, in the corner to the right, contains a good collection of animals. The ad- jacent Botanic Garden is well stocked with palms and exotic plants (large new palm-house). On the W. side of the gardens of Schönbrunn (exit by the con- servatories, past the ‘Kaiserstöckl’) lies Hietzing (tramway, see p.190), consisting almost exclusively of villas and restaurants (Casino Hopfner, Engel, Vogelreuther, etc., see p. 191). In the principal Platz a bronze Statue of Emp. Maasimilian of Mezico (Archduke Ferdinand Max, d. 1867) was erected in 1874. The cemetery contains the mon- ument of a Baroness Pillersdorf by Canova. A suspension-bridge over the Wien connects Hietzing with the village of Penzing (tram- way-station by the bridge; see p. 190). The upper church contains the *Monument of a Frau v. Rottmann by Finelli. * BRÚHL, LAXENBURG, BADBN. s. RAILway to (10 M.) Mödling in 35 min. (fares 70, 55, 35 kr. ; return, 1 fl. 10, 85, 55 kr.); to Lawenburg in 3/4 hr. (returns 1 fl. 40, 1 fl. 5, 70 kr.); to Baden, 17 M., in 1 hr. (fares 1 fl. 25, 95, 65 kr.: return, 1 fl. 95, 1 fl. 45, 95 kr.). — Lawenburg is 1 M. from (11/2. M.). Biedermannsdorf on the Aspång Railway (Rennweg, Landstrasse; fares 80, 60, 85 kr., return 1 fl. 20, 80, 50 kr.). The Southern Railway passes through pleasing scenery (best views on the right). The train runs at a considerable height, afford- ing an extensive view to the E. as far as the Leitha Mts., and to the W. over the city, numerous villas, and populous villages at the base of a beautiful range of hills. The train skirts the Matzleinsdorf and Protestant cemeteries (p. 239). Farther on, to the left, on the top of the Wiener Berg, rises a Gothic column, erected in 1452, known as the Spinnerin am Kreuz. The suburbs of the city extend as far as (2 M.) Meidling. To the right, beyond the avenue from Schön- 'brunn to Laxenburg, is the Gloriette (see above). 3M. Hetzendorf, with an imperial château; 1/2 M. to the W., on the Rosenhügel near Speising (800 ft.), is the chief reservoir of the Vienna Water Company, 5 M. Atzgersdorf, near which is Mauer, with the large barracks and shooting-ranges of the Austrian rifle-brigade (Feld- jäger); 6 M. Liesing (*Waldbauer), with a large brewery and restau- rant (fine view from the pavilion in the garden). of Vienna. MöDLING. 36. Route. 241 Branch-line vià, Perchtoldsdorf to (4!/2 M.) Kaltenleutgeben, a charming village with numerous villas and two hydropathics, in the valley of the Dürre Liesing. We may thence ascend the (1/4 hr.) Höllenstein (2120 ft.), the Julienthurm on which commands a Superb view. 7 M. Perchtoldsdorf (*Schwarzer Adler, good wine), an old vill- age, with a Gothic church destroyed by the Turks in 1683 and lately restored. – 9 M. Brunn, with an interesting church. 10 M. Mödling (Hôtel Cursalon; Hôt. Mödling; Hirsch; *Gold- mes Lamm, good wine; Enzenbrunner, garden-concerts in summer) is an old town with 6823 inhabitants. At the W. end is the Stadt- park, with a ‘Cursalon' and an open-air theatre. To the right, on a rock, rises the early-Gothic Church of St. Othmar, with a crypt, and a Byzantine baptistery adjacent. To the left of the railway lies the suburb of Schöffel, with the Hyrtl Orphanage. About 3/4 M. to the W. is the hydropathic of Priessnitzthal; and 3/4 M. farther is the Richardshof dairy-farm. — Branch-line to Laxenburg, see p. 242. The *Brühl (electric railway from Mödling to Hinterbrühl, 2 M. in 20 min., 18 trains daily; fare to Klausen 10, Worderbrühl 16, Hinterbrühl 20 kr.), a ravine in the limestone-rock, abounding in natural beauties, is the property of Prince Liechtenstein, whose grand- father adorned it with pleasure-grounds and artificial ruins. The road passes, at the entrance to the valley, under the Vienna water- conduit, and follows the left bank of the brook to (2 M.) Vorder- brühl. The new path on the right bank of the brook (which is crossed before the aqueduct is reached) is far preferable. As far as Worder- brühl the valley is called the Klause (the houses on the road being named Klausen), at the end of which on the hill to the left rises the ruin of Mödling. The valley then expands into the pleasant dale of the Worderbrühl (*Zwei Raben; farther on, beyond the large meadow, is the farm of the prince, with a café). Another very attractive path leads to the (3/4 hr.) Vorderbrühl along the brow of the hills bounding the Brühl on the N. Beyond the church we ascend in 10 mim. to the Schwarze Thurm on the Kalenderberg; thence a good path, protected by railings, at the end of which we descend into the Brühl by steps cut in the rock. Or we may follow a path to the right upon the hill, passing some artificial ruins, to (/4 hr.) the extensive ruins of the castle of Liechtenstein, which was destroyed by the Turks. Adjoining it is a modern Château with a garden in the English style, from which a road descends to the left to (3/4 M.) Vorderbrühl. — From stat. Brunn to Vorderbrühl by the castle of Liechtenstein is a walk of 1 hr. One of the highest hills in the neighbourhood is crowned by the HUSARENTEMPBL (1620 ft.), erected by Prince Liechtenstein in 1813. Seven Austrians who fell at Aspern and Wagram are interred in the vault below. Extensive view to the N. as far as Schönbrunn and Vienna, and to the S. to the Schneeberg. The road leading to it is bad at first, but afterwards improves. The footpath (3/4 hr.) is preferable: follow the high-road, passing the Raben and Stern inns, and then ascend by the second lane to the left (“Husarentempel- gasse') beyond the latter inn. The valley beyond Vorderbrühl is less interesting. The road leads by Hinterbrühl (*Restaurant Höldrichsmühle) and Gaden to the ancient abbey BAEDEKER's S. Germany. 7th Edit. 46 242 Route 36. LAXENBURG. Environs of (71/2 M.) Heiligenkreuz and its Romanesque church (1150-87), with fine cloisters and the tombs of Frederick ‘der Streitbare’ and other members of the Babenberg family; then through the Sattelbachthal and the pretty Helenenthal to Baden. A shorter path leads from Gaden by Siegenfeld to the Helenenthal, the latter part rugged. Another direct path descends from Gaden to Baden in 11/2 hr. If time be limited, the traveller should return from the Husaren-Tempel to Mödling, go by railway to Baden, and visit the Helenenthal thence. The ascent of the Anninger (2215 ft.), 2-21/2 hrs. from Mödling, is interesting. The path crosses the ‘Goldne Stiege’, passes the ‘Breite Föhre’ and the ‘Krauste Linde”, and ascends to the Wilhelmswarte on the highest point of the Anninger plateau (magnificent view). The view from the Soften warte on the (25 min.) Eschenkogel (2130 ft.) is more extensive towards the N. and W. At the Buchbrunnen, a little below the two Summit5, is the Anningerhaus (restaurant in summer). The Anninger may also be as- cended from Gumpoldskirchen, Baden, Hinterbrühl, and Gaden (shortest and easiest). The paths are all provided with ſinger-posts. Branch-line from Mödling to (7 min.) Laxenburg (*Stern; *Hartmann's Restaurant at the station), an imperial château and park, on the Schwechat and the Vienna and Neustadt Canal. The old building was erected in 1377, the new in 1600. The flower- gardens are closed, but the *Park is open to the public. The prin- cipal points are generally visited in the following order (guide, useful to hurried visitors, 1 fl.). Monument of Francis II., a colossal bust in marble by Marchesi; Ritter- gruft, a Gothic chapel; Meierei (farm); Rittersäule, Near the latter is the * FRANZENSBURG, erected in 1801, on an island in the lake (ferry 10 kr.), a château containing a valuable collection of mediaeval curiosities. The Hapsburg Saloon contains statues of 7 sovereigns, from Rudolph I. to Charles VI. and Maria. Theresa; in the Reception Room portraits of 6 Bohemian kings, ceiling in wood-work of 1580; in the next room Wallen stein's cabinet; in the Dining Room a fine inlaid table, old glass, etc.; in the Drawing Room two large pictures by Höchle, marriage of Francis II. to his third wife (1808), and the banquet on that occasion; in the Bed Room, copy of Dürer's Trinity in the Imp. Gallery; in the Throne Room, coronation of Francis II. and banquet in the Römer at Frankfurt; in the Chapel the monstrance raised by the priest when Emp. Max was in a perilous position on the Martinswand; in the Dungeon an automaton which shakes its chains; from the Tower a superb view; in the Coronation Saloon the “Coronation of Emp. Ferdimand (1830), painted by Höchle, Coronation of Empress Carolina (1825), by Bucher; in the Hall the inter- view of Leopold with Sobieski, Emp. Max on the Martinswand, and three Other pictures by Höchle and Bucher; in the * Lothringersaal (Lorraine Room) portraits of 20 princes of this family, the finest those of Archd. Charles and Archd. John (fee 40-50 kr.), — We now cross the bridge at the back of the Franzensburg, turn to the right, and follow the bank of the lake past the Turnier-Platz (‘tournament-ground"); then cross the Gothic bridge and ascend to the gold-fish pond; lastly return by the Kleine Prater to the railway-station. — If time permits, we may also visit the Mariannen- Insel (by boat), beyond the Franzensburg, the pavilion on which contains a fine Roman mosaic pavement. A walk through the park by the above route, allowing 1/2 hr. for the Franzensburg, takes 2 hrs. ; but a delay sometimes occurs at the château, as a limited number of persons only are admitted at one time. Pleasant excursions by boat may be taken among the arms of the lake (through the grotto to the Mariannen-Insel and back 1-11/2 ft.). The Brühl, Schönbrunn, and Lawenburg may be combined thus. By early train to Mödling, visit the Husaren-Tempel; train to Laxenburg, stay of 2-3 hrs. ; back by train to stat. Hetzendorf (p. 240), walk to Schön of Vienna. HELENENTHAL. 86. Route. 243 brunn ("/4 hr.), and through the garden to the Gloriette (1/2 hr.), Menagerie (1/2 hr.); tramway (p. 190) back to Vienna in 1/2 hr. The railway from Mödling to Baden passes (13 M.) Guntrams- dorf and (14 M.) Gumpoldskirchen (Bairischer Hof; Adam), famed for its wine. Short tunnel. It 161/2 M. Baden (695 ft.; *Grüner Baum; *Stadt Wien; Lamm; Hirsch; *Schwarzer Adler; Rechberger; Schäferin; Löwe ; Passegger's Restaurant; Café Michel, Schopf, etc.), a town with 6900 inhab., is celebrated for its warm springs (72°-97° Fahr. ; chief ingredient, sulphate of lime), which were known to the Ro- mans (Thermae Pannonicae). The chief spring (Römerquelle, or Ursprung) rises copiously in a cavern at the base of the Calvarien- berg, in the dolomite-limestone, through which it is reached by a passage, 40 yds. long (fee 25 kr.). The entrance is in the left corner of the shady Stadtpark, which contains the Kursaal, a Trink- halle, and the Arena, an open-air theatre. In the park is a bronze bust of the poet Franz Grillparzer (d. 1872), erected in 1874. Most of the baths are fitted up for bathing in common (“Vollbäder'), cos- tumes being provided for the purpose. The Herzogsbad holds 150 persons; adjacent, in the Franzens-Str., are the Antonsbad and the Theresienbad. In the Berg-Str., near the park, is a *Swimming Bath with thermal water (75° Fahr.; bath 30 kr.). A path ascends the (1/4 hr.) Calvarienberg (1070 ft.). The Mo- ritzruh, a pavilion at the top (*view), was built in memory of the poet Moritz Saphir (d. 1858). Then a descent of 1/4 hr. by pleasant walks to the Stadtpark. — In the vicinity is Schloss Gutenbrunn. The *Helenenthal (*Sacher's Hotel & Restaurant, with hydro- pathic, at the entrance) is a favourite resort. The entrance to the valley is crossed by the aqueduct of the Vienna waterworks. The road (tramway from the station to the Hydropathic, 15 kr.) ascends on the left bank of the Schwechat; on the right bank there is a road as far as (1 M.) Weilburg only, where it descends to the left bank. The path, crossing to the right bank near the second bridge, is preferable. On the right bank at the entrance to the valley stands the Weilburg, the château of Archduke Albert, with a fine Gothic chapel. The hill above is crowned with the ruin of Rauheneck. Above the Weilburg are pleasant grounds extending up to the An- tonsbrücke and beyond it (*Restaurant on the side next Baden). On the steep rocks on the opposite bank is perched the considerable ruin of Rauhenstein (worthy of a visit, good path to it through the Alexandrowicz grounds, ascent from the Bergstrasse in Baden, 1/2 hr.). Then, on the right bank, the ruin of Scharfeneck, a little way back. The Urtelstein (3 M. from Baden), a rock which formerly closed the valley, is now penetrated by a tunnel. Paths on both sides ascend to the top, which affords a good survey of the wooded valley. Farther distant (41/2 M. from the tramway-terminus) is the Krainerhütte (reached by cab from the station in 1 hr., there and 46% 244 Route 36. KAHLENBERG. Environs back 3-4 fl.), and a little higher up is the Augustinerhütte (both good inns). — The abbey of Heiligenkreuz (p. 242) lies about 3 M. farther up, in the Sattelbachthal. . The *Eiserne Thor (Hoher Lindkogel; 2825 ft.), the highest hill in the environs, is ascended from Baden in 3 hrs. : to the shooting-lodge in the Weichselihal 11/4 hr. ; thence by a path, indicated by red and blue marks, to the (18/4 hr.) Summit (Restaurant; view-tower). — Marked paths also § (in 11/2 hr.) from the Krainerhütte (see above) and from Merkenstein (p. 263). KAHLENBERG and LBOPOLDSBERG. Charming excursion. RAILWAY (Franz-Josefs-Bahn) in 10 min., or STEAMBOAT (starting from the Stefanie-Brücke at 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7 p.m.) in 40 min. to NUssDORF (railway-fares 30, 20, 10 kr. ; steamboat 20, return 30 kr.). From Nussdorf to the top of the Kahlenberg by the Zahn radbahn (rack-and-pinion railway) in 1/2 hr. (fare 1 fl. or 50 kr., return 1 fl. 40 or 70 kr.) : trains hourly in the morning, half-hourly in the afternoon. Through-fares from Vienna to the top of the Kahlenberg: by rail and Zahnradbahn 90, 59, 49 kr., there and back 2 fl., 1 fl. 5, 85 kr.; by steamer and Zahnradbahn, return-ticket 1 fl. 80 or 90 kr. — TRAMWAY : Schotten- Ring-Nussdorf, 12 kr. Railway to stat. Nussdorf, see p. 315. The station of the Zahn- radbahn lies 3 min. to the left. The ‘Zahnradbahn’, 31/4 M. long, constructed like that on the Rigi on the ‘rack-and-pinion' system, ascends at a gentle gradient (1:33 to 1 : 10) to the top in 32 mi- nutes. Station Grinzing (Berger's Restaurant, in the vicinity, shady garden and good wine), above the charmingly-situated village of that name, with its numerous villas (observe that of Herr Ferstel, in the Gothic style); 2 M. Krapfenwaldl (Restaurant), a favourite resort. The line now curves round the Wildgrube, and reaches (31/4 M.) the terminus on the Kahlenberg (1404 ft.). Adjacent are the hamlet of Josefsdorf and the large *Hôtel Kahlenberg, in an open situation (band on Sun., Tues., and Thurs, afternoons in summer). The *Stefaniewarte (ascent 10 kr.; panorama indicator 5 kr.) affords a splendid view over Vienna and the Marchfeld (p. 324) to the spurs of the Carpathians, and to the Styrian Alps on the S. Walkers also ascend the Kahlenberg from Nussdorf (1 hr.). We cross the Zahnradbahn (see above) above the station, and ascend along the Schreiberbach by a shady path called the Beethoven-Gang, with a bronze bust of the great composer, who made this a frequent resort. We then follow the road ascending past the Inn Zur Eisernen Hand (*View), to the hotel. — A fine route for good walkers (marked red) leads from the Kahlenberg to the S.W., vià, the Kobenzl (with château and park), the Hermannskogel, and the Holländer Dörfel (p. 246) to the (3/2-4 hrs.) Soften alpe (p. 246). — From the Kahlenberg to Weidling, see p. 245. A pleasant forest-path (red marks) leads from the hotel to the *Leopoldsberg (1380 ft.), the last spur of the Wienerwald, 1/2 hr. from the Kahlenberg, rising abruptly 886 ft. above the Danube. In the church here, built on the site of an old castle, the generals of the allied army offered prayers for success in their approaching conflict with the Turks (3rd Sept., 1683). Inn adjacent. *View similar to that from the Kahlenberg: N., the hilly region from the heights at Meissau to the Polaugebirge; E., the Wetterling, Plassenstein, and the Lesser Carpathians with the Ballenstein and of Vienna. KLOSTERNEUBURG. 36. Route. 245 the Thebenerkogel; S.E., the Leithagebirge; S., the Styrian Alps and the Wienerwald ; also the Danube for many miles, with its beautiful wooded islands; lastly, in the centre of the extensive landscape (900 sq. M.), the imperial city of Vienna, with the new channel of the Danube and its five bridges. – From the Leopolds- berg a path made by the Austrian Tourists’ Club descends in easy zigzags to Kahlenbergerdorf (railway and steamboat-station, p. 315), at the N.E. base of the hill, in 1/2 hr. A good survey of Vienna is obtained by ascending the hill to the left of Grinzing (see above) as far as the (20 min.) beautifully-situated Villa Belle- vue; and in 10 min. more (way indicated by a board) to the still higher *Am Himmel Inn (finest view from the steps of the Elisabethkapelle). Thence a rapid descent through a shady valley to (1/4 hr.) Sievering, whence Om- nibuses run every hour to Vienna (p. 189). KLoSTERNBUBURG, DoRNBACH, NEU-WALDEGG. At Klosterneuburg (Schiff; Herzogshut), 51/2 M. to the N.W. of Vienna (a station on the Franz-Josefs Railway, p. 315), a small town on the right bank of the Danube, 3 M. above Nussdorf (p. 244), is situated the oldest and wealthiest Augustinian Monastery in Austria. The palatial abbey-buildings were erected about 1750. On the E. dome rises the imperial crown, on the W. dome the archducal hat, in wrought iron. Within the abbey is preserved the actual archducal hat which is used at the ceremony of swearing allegiance. ./ The valuable Th’easury (apply to the treasurer, best at 10.30 a.m.; 1 fl. to the attendant) and the “Kaišerzimmer" with its handsome tapestry (attendant 50 kr.) are well worthy of a visit. The Leopoldskapelle con- tains the celebrated Altar of Verdun, consisting of 51 plaques of metal with rude representations of biblical subjects (‘niello” work), dating from 1181, and perhaps the first attempts in the art of engraving, of which Maso Finiguerra (1450) is usually considered the inventor. The windows of the old chapter-room are filled with stained glass, dating from the end of the 13th century. - The column in the Kirchenplatz was erected in 1381 on the cessation of the plague. Large Barracks of the Pioneer Regiment. Good wines at the *Stiftskeller, Albrechtsbergergasse 3 (near the abbey; beyond the Gothic column go through the archway towards the town, then turn to the right into the gateway), and fine view from the terrace. A small house adjacent to the church on the left contains a monster-cask, one of the curiosities of the place. The well-organised Lunatic Asylum and the OEnological and Pomolo- gical Institute deserve the attention of specialists. In the Weidlinger-Thal, 2 M. to the S.W. of Klosterneuburg, lies the pleasant village of Weidling (Strauss; Zum Tirole,”). Farther up the valley are Unter-Weidlingbach (*Matuschka's Restaur.) and (41/2 M.) Ober-Weidling- bach (Wallner's Restaur.). The Kahlenberg or the Hermannskogel (see p. 246) may be ascended from Weidling in 3/4 hr. ; from Unter-Weidling- bach to the Hermannskogel 3/4 hr., to the Holländer Dörfel (see p. 246) */4 hr. ; from Ober-Weidlingbach over the Toiſt to the Soften alpe 3/4 hr., See below. Numerous finger-posts and way-marks. From (1/2 hr.) Kierling (whey-cure; pension 30 fl. per week), in the Valley of that name, 3 M. to the W. of Klosterneuburg, pleasant wood- 246 Route 37, HADERSDORF, paths lead by the Gsängerhütte, the Eichenhain inn, the Kanzelhiitte, and the Windischhütte to (2 hrs.) Weidlingbach (see above). Dornbach and Neu-Waldegg, two adjoining villages to the W. of Vienna (Rest. Zur Güldnen Waldschnepfe; tramway and omnibus, see pp. 189, 190), are also frequently visited. The chief attraction here is the Park of Prince Schwarzenberg, through which a road (one-horse carr. 11/2-2 fl.) ascends from the tramway terminus to the (3 M.) Hameau, or Holländer Dörfel (1515 ft.; *Inn), a fine point of view: E., a part of Vienna, the Marchfeld, and the spurs of the Carpathians, the Danube down to Hainburg (p. 384); S., the mountains with the Schneeberg in the background. From the Holländer Dörfel a pleasant path leads in 3/4 hr. to the *Sofien- Alpe (1595 ft.; Inn), another fine point of view (Franz-Karl-Aus- sicht). We may then descend the Halterthal, or by the path past the ‘Knödelhütte Inn, to (11/4 hr.) Hütteldorf (see below). Other paths descend from the Sofienalpe to Hinter-Haimbach (see be- low), to Steinbach (recommended to good walkers), and to Ober-Weidling- bach (see p. 245). - A steep path descends to the N. from the Holländer Dörfel to Unter- Weidlingbach (see p. 245). — A fine point of view is the *Habsburgwarte on the Hermannskogel (1780 ft.), ascended from the Holländer Dörfel, Weidling, Weidlingbach, or Himmel in 3/4-1 hr. (with guide). At the Jägerwiese (tavern), halfway up, is the Jungfern-Brindl. A tolerable path, easily found, leads from the Hermannskogel over the Kobenzl to the Kah- lenberg (comp. p. 244). — The Galizinberg (1273 ft.), to the S.W. of Dorn- bach, with the park and château of Prince Montleart (d. 1887), is another excellent point of view. It is reached from Ottakring, which is connected with Vienna by tramway, by a pleasant path in 1/2 hr. (Matuschka's Restaurant). - - 37. From Vienna to Linz. 117 M. WESTERN RAILwAY (33/4-71/2 hrs.). In the reverse direction (Linz to Vienna) the steamboat is preferable (8-9 hrs.); comp. p. 252. Westbahnhof, outside the Mariahilf Line, see p. 187. Soon after starting, we observe Schönbrunn (p. 239) on the left. 2 M. Penzing, p. 240. On the hill to the left rises the archiepiscopal château of Ober-St. Veit (where the burial-ground contains a fine tomb- stone with the Fates, by H. Natter). 31/2 M. Hütteldorf (Hôtel Blank; Restaur. Cordon, 11/2 M. from the railway, reached by a pretty wood-path), with numerous villas; to the left are the walls of a large deer-park enclosed by Charles VI. and Joseph II. (Route through the Halterthal to the Soften-Alpe; see above.) On the left, Mariabrunn with its pilgrimage-church; the monastery, erected by Ferdinand III. in 1636, is now an experimental forestry station. Near (54/2 M.) Weidlingau are a château and park of Prince Dietrichstein. A little to the N.E. lies Hadersdorf, once presented by Maria. Theresa to Marshal Laudon (d. 1790), who is interred in the park (fine sarco- phagus in stone). Thence through the pleasant Mauerbach-Thal to (3 M.) Worder-Haimbach (*Café-Rest. Lohner), from which a road to the right leads through a narrow wooded valley to (1 M.) Hinter-Haimbach (ascent of the Sofien-Alpe, 3/4 hr., see above). Above Vorder-Haimbach is (1/4 hr.) another lateral valley containing the charming hamlet of Steinbach (see above). In the main valley, 11/2 M. farther on, is the old Carthusian monastery of Mauerbach (now affiliated to the poor-house of Vienna), ST. PöLTEN. 37. Route, 247 founded by Frederick ‘the Handsome (d. 1322), the rival of Lewis the Ba- varian (p. 171). A good path thence ascends the (41/4 hr.) *Tulbinger Kogel (1624 ft.), a fine point of view, frequently visited from Vienna. Descent to Tulln (p. 255) on the Franz-Josef-Bahn. 71/2 M. Purkersdorf, with numerous villas. To the N.W. rises the (2 hrs.) Troppberg (1772 ft.), a good point of view. — A shady path leads to the N. Over the Eichberg (1380 ft.) to (1 hr.) Vorder-Haimbach (see p. 246). — The Rudolfshöhe (1552 ft.), 1 hr. to the S., also commands a beautiful view ; we may return thence by the Schöffelwarte (1415 ft.) to (11/2 hr.) Purkersdorf. The line quits the old high-road, turns to the left, and runs through the Wolfsgraben and the Pfalzaw towards the heights of the Wiener Wald. To the S.W. of (121/2 M.) Presbaum (1040 ft.) are the sources of the Wien. Woodland scenery as far as (151/2 M.) Rekawinkel (*Sigmeth’s Restaur. , 1/4 M. from the station), with numerous villas, on the watershed (1157 ft.). Two long tunnels; then a viaduct across the Aichgraben, 144 ft. high. 231/2 M. Neu- lengbach, in the pretty Tullnbach - Thal, with a château of Prince Liechtenstein above it. The Buchberg (1523 ft.), 1 hr. to the N., commands a beautiful view. To the N.W. is the long outline of the Haspelwald. - 27 M. Kirchstetten; 30 M. Böheimkirchen, on the Perschling- bach. Beyond (331/2 M.) Pottenbrunn the line quits the mountains and crosses the Traisen near the well-built town of (38 M.) St. Pölten (876 ft.; *Kaiserin von Oesterreich; *Krebs, both near the station; Rail. Rest.), an episcopal see, with 10,906 inhab. The Abbey Church, founded in 1030, re-erected in the transition-style in 1266 after a fire, and restored in the degraded style of last cent., contains good stained glass in the S. aisle. Excursions. To the S. to Schloss, Ochsenburg, at the end of the Stein- jeld, with fine view (1/2 hr.); to the châteaux of Viehhofen (3/4 hr.), Goldegg (1/2 hr.), and Friedaw (11/2 hr.), with gardens and art collections. FROM ST. PöLTEN To TULLN, 291/2 M., branch-line (2 hrs. 19 min.). We descend the Traisenthal to Radlberg and (12/2 M.) Herzogenburg, a fine old abbey, with collections and a good library, where the line forks: to the W. to Göttweig (p. 255) and (251/2 M.) Krems (p. 254), to the E. to Traismauer (p. 255), Gemeinlebarn, Sitzenberg, Michelhausen, Judenaw, and (291/2 M.) Tulln (p. 255). - - 43 M. Prinzersdorf, on the Pielach, which is well stocked with fish. On the hill to the right stands Schloss Hohenegg. 441/2 M. Mar- kersdorf; 46 M. Gross- Sierning; 484/2 M. Loosdorf, with large cement-works. To the S. is the handsome château of Schallaburg; to the N. the ruined castles of Osterburg, Sitzenthal, and Albrechts- berg. Beyond a tunnel we reach (53. M.) Melk (p. 253), with its church and monastery, the finest point on the line. The train crosses the Melk, and then skirts the Danube. On the opposite bank is the château of Weiteneck (p. 253). On the hill farther on, Schloss Art- stetten, property of Archduke Lewis Victor. 58M. Pöchlarn (p. 253). FROM PöCHLARN To KIENBERG - GAMING (23/2. M., rail in 2 hrs.). Stations Erlauf, º Purgstall, with a château of Count Schaff- gotsch; 17 M. Scheibbs (1050 ft.; *Reinöhl; Hirsch), prettily situated amid wooded hills, with the CEtscher in the background. 19 M. Neubruck, at the 248 Route 37. AMSTETTEN. From Vienna, mouth of the Jessnitz. 23/2 M. Kienberg-Gaming, the station for (2 M. ; omn. 20 kr.) Gaming (1410 ft.; *Höllriegel; *Pascher), a pleasantly-situated little town, with the interesting ruins of a Carthusian convent and a château of Count Festetics. ExCURSIONS FROM GAMING (for fuller details, see Baedeker's Eastern Alps). Through the romantic Erlaufthal to the (51/2 hrs.) Lassing Fall and the *(Etschen'graben, very attractive. — “Ascent of the CEtschen'. We follow the Lunz road (see below) to the Grubberg (2470 ft.), and then the road to the left to the (8 hrs.) Lackenhof (2740 ft. ; *Jagersberger); thence by a marked path to the Riffelsattel in 11/2 hr. and to the CEischen'- Hütte (Inn) in 1/2 hr. more; lastly across the Kreuzboden to the (11/2 hr.) pyramid on the top of the Grosse (Etscher (6210 ft. ; extensive view). FROM GAMING TO Gösti,ING, 13 M., diligence daily in 31/2 hrs. — 6 M. Lunz (1950 ſt. ; Schadensteiner; Dieminger), prettily situated on the Ybbs, and pleasant for a prolonged stay. The lake of the same name (2025 ft.) lies 11/2 M. to the E. Then (13 M.) Göstling (1745 ft. ; *Reichenpfaden"; Berger), prettily situated at the confluence of the Ybbs and the Göstling- bach. The Calvarienberg commands a fine view. Pleasant walk through the *Steinbachthal; another through the “Noth’, a romantic gorge, to the (2 hrs.) Meisterhaus in the Wintersbachau (Inn). — A road leads to the S. from Göstling to (5 M.) Lassing, and through the Mändlingthal to Palfaw and Reifling (see below). Beyond Pöchlarn we cross the Erlauf. On the right Marbach; above it the pilgrimage-church of Maria-Taferl (p. 253). 611/2 M. Krummnussbaum; in the distance on the left bank, beyond the long bend which the Danube here describes, lie Persenbeug (p. 253) and Ybbs, with a large poor-house and lunatic asylum (p. 253). — 64 M. Säusenstein. Near (66 M.) Kemmelbach-Ybbs we quit the Danube and enter the valley of the Ybbs. 721/2 M. Blindenmarkt. 771/2 M. Amstetten (Huber, at the station; Rail. Rest.), prettily situated. FROM AMSTETTEN To KLEIN-REIFLING, 291/2 M. (rail in 1/4-21/2 hrs.). Stations Ulmerfeld, Hilm-Kematen, Rosenau (where the Ybbs is crossed), and (15 M.) Waidhofen (1168 ft. ; *Hôtel Infin"; Schiff; Stern), a summer resort in a pleasant valley. The line here leaves the Ybbsthal and enters the See- berger Thal, which ascends towards the S.; at (20 M.) Oberland (1690 ft.) it crosses the watershed between the Ybbs and Enns, the boundary-line be- tween Lower and Upper Austria; and then descends past Gaftem2 and Weyer, a long village in a narrow valley, to Kastenreith and (291/2 M.) Klein- Reiſling, a station on the Rudolfbahn (see Baedeker's Eastern Alps). 821/2 M. Mauer-Oehling; 84.M. Aschbach; 89M. St. Peter (11/2M. to the S. the large Benedictine abbey of Seitenstetten). 94 M. Haag (to the left Schloss Salaberg); 102 M. St. Valentin. (Railway, to St. Michael, see Baedeker's E. Alps; to Budweis, see p. 314.) The Enns, the boundary between Lower and Upper Austria, is now crossed. 106 M. Emms (920 ft.; Krone; Ochs), the Roman Laureacum, is a picturesquely-situated town, the fortifications of which were constructed with the ransom paid by England for Richard Coeur de Lion. The lofty watch-tower in the market - place was erected by Emp. Maximilian II. in 1565 Schloss Ennseck on a height, with its pleasant grounds, the property of Prince Auersperg, contains a collection of Roman antiquities. – 409 M. Asten. To the S.W. (3 M.) lies the extensive Augustinian Abbey of St. Flo- rian, one of the oldest in Austria. The present buildings are of the 18th cent., the low crypt of the church is of the 13th. The library, with 70,000 * to Linz, LINZ. 37. Route. 249 vols., contains valuable MSS. and incunabula. The pictures are chiefly copies. The rich collection of coins is admirably arranged. About 2 M. to the E. of St. Florian rises the Tillysburg, a square building with towers at the corners. In 1623 the castle of Volkersdorf was presented to Tilly, the Imperial general in the Thirty Years' War, by Emp. Ferdimand II. It was afterwards taken down by Tilly's nephew, who caused the present castle to be erected, nearly on the same Site, in 1636. It is now the property of the abbey. The line crosses the Traun near the manufacturing town of (114 M.) Kleinmünchen, and next reaches — 117 M. Linz. – Hotels. On the Danube, below the bridge, near the steamboat-pier: *ERzHERZOG CARL (Pl. a ; D, 2), R. from 1 fl., L. & A. 50, D. 50 kr. ; *GoLDENER ADLER (Pl. f.; D, 2), R. from 80, B. from 30 kr. — Above the bridge: *Roth ER KREBs (Pl. d: D, 3), R., L., & A. 1 fl. 90 kr. — In the town: *ZAININGER (Pl. e) and *STADT FRANKFURT (Pl. b), in the Franz- Josefs-Platz; *KANONE (Pl. c.; D, 3), nearest the railway-station, *GoLDENES SCHIFF, HERRENHAUs, these three in the Landstrasse; *DREI RoSEN, Hafner- gasse; *DREI MoHREN, in the Promenade; GRÜNER BAUM, Bethlehem-Str. ; GoLDENES KREUz, Pfarr-Platz, near the Danube, unpretending. — At Ur- fahr (tramway from the station, see below): *FERIHUMER, Haupt-Str., mod- erate ; STADLBAUER, Maximilian-Str. N Cafés. Seitz, Reith, both on the Danube; Traailmayer, Promenade; Steinböck, Franz-Josefs-Platz; Derflinger, Landstrasse; Hüttner, in Urfahr, left bank. — Confectioner: Zach, Promenade. — "Railway Restaurant, Theatre, in the Promenade (Pl. 16; D, 3), performances daily (parterre 50 kr.). — Volksgarten, with restaurant, near the station (PI. E, 5); frequent evening concerts. – The *Hatschek-Keller, outside the Kapuzinerlinie (P1. D., 6), with its restaurant and huge cellars, deserves a visit. Baths, at the Obere Domaulānde, near the Rother Krebs Hotel; River Baths also at the Strasser Island (see below). Post & Telegraph Office, Domgasse (Pl. 4; D, E, 3). Tramway every 5 or 40 min. from the Railway Station, past the Volks- garten, through the Landstrasse and the Franz-Josefs-Platz, and across the Danube, to Urfahr (see below). Fares 3, 5, 10, 15 kr. Cab from the station into the town, with one horse 60 kr., with two horses 1 ſl. ; from the steamboat-quay 50 or 80 kr. ; drive by time, first 1/4 hr. 50 or 70, each additional 1/2 hr. 30 or 50 kr. Popular Festival, with agricultural show, in September, much fre- quented by peasants from the environs. Linz (813 ft.), the capital of Upper Austria (Austria “ob der Enns'), with 47,276 inhab., lies picturesquely on the right bank of the Danube, and is connected with Urfahr (8342 inhab.) on the opposite bank by an iron bridge 308 yds. long, resting on six gra- nite piers. Below the bridge lies the wooded Strasser-Insel (Pl. E, F, 1), with river baths (ferry there and back 2 kr.). The island is now connected with the mainland by the Umschlag-Platz, by which the right arm of the Danube is closed. In the handsome Hauptplatz or Franz-Josefs - Platz (Pl. D, 2, 3), which rises from the Danube, stands the lofty Trinity Column, erected in 1723, to commemorate the happy cessation of hostile in- . vasions and of the plague. The Klostergasse leads hence to the W. to the Promenade (see below), and the Schmiedthor-Strasse to the S. to the Landstrasse, the chief street of the town (tramway, see above). In the Domgasse, on the left, is the Alte Domkirche (Pl. 6; D, 3), built in 1669-82 in the rococo style. Beyond it, in the Pfarr- platz, rises the Stadt-Pfarrkirche (Pl. 7), with its high tower. 250 Route 37. LINz, From Vienna Near this, in the Kaplanhof-Str., is the handsome new *Mu- seum Francisco-Carolinum (Pl. 11; E, 3), in the late Renaissance style, designed by Bruno Schmitz of Düsseldorf. Around the second floor, in front and the E. and W. sides, runs a huge *Frieze (200 yds. long, 8 ft. high) in white sandstone, designed by Prof. Zur Strassen of Leipsic and executed by R. Cöllen, pourtraying the progress of culture in Upper Austria from the earliest times down to its occu- pation by the House of Hapsburg. (E. side: prehistoric times; fa- çade: introduction of Christianity and the Nibelungen period; W. side : investiture of Duke Albrecht at Augsburg.) The handsome rooms in the interior contain Roman antiquities, a library, old weapons, portraits (including those of Stephan Fadinger, leader of the insurgent peasantry in 1626, and his opponent Count Herberstorff), ivory and wood carving, old paintings, bronzes, coins, Seals, Celtic anti- quities from Hallstatt, a piano presented by Erard Frères to Beethoven in 1803, etc. Also a geognostic collection (including a curious old ‘perspec- tive” map of the Salzkammergut) and natural history collections. In the busy Promenade (Pl. D, 3), with its fine avenue of plane- trees, to the right, stands the Landhaus (Pl. 3), or House of the Estates, built in 1802, containing the exhibition of the Art Union of Upper Austria (open daily 9–1 and 2-5, adm. 20 kr.). Oppo- site is the Theatre. - The Herren-Str. leads from the upper end of the Promenade, passing on the left the Spittelwiese, at the corner of which is the handsome Staats- Gymnasium (Pl. 13); the Baumbach-Str. then leads to the right to the new Gothic Cathedral (Maria-Empfängnis- Dom; Pl. D, 4), designed by W. Statz of Cologne. The votive chapel behind the high-altar is now completed, and is richly decorated with marble, gilding, mosaics, and stained glass. . . The Capuchin Church (Pl. C, 4), at the W. end of the Baum- bach-Str., contains the tombstone of Count Montecuccoli (d. 1680), the famous Imperial general in the Thirty Years' War and the wars against Louis XIV. - A good new road ascends hence in windings, over the Bauern- berg, and past the Zipfer Märzenkeller, to the (1 M.) Freinberg (Pl. A, 5). The massive tower erected here by Archduke Maxi- milian of Este (d. 1864), the constructor of the fortifications of Linz (which have since been dismantled), with the Gothic church added later, now belongs to the Jesuits. A good level road leads hence towards the N. to the (1/4 hr.) *Jägermayr (PI. A., 4: Re- staurant; cab from Linz and back 11/2 fl.) and the grounds of the Verschönerungsverein, with many fine points of view. A beautiful panorama is obtained from the *Franz-Josefs-Warte, a tower 66 ft. high, on the N. margin of the plateau (adm. 5 kr.); at our feet lie the Danube, the town , and its environs; to the S. stretches the chain of the Alps of Salzburg and Styria. (When the view is clear a flag is hoisted on the gallery of the Landhaus tower on the Pro- menade in the town.) Adjoining the tower is the inn Zur Schönen Aussicht. The Jägermayr is about 1 M. straight to the W. from the G. H. L. l. N. Z. º 1:19.200 - - Meter lººr, ºy “” sº 1. - * 1. Hauptzotlant p.2.1 , ºathias 2.3. - 3. Landharts . - D. 3. - 4. Post-w,Telegraphenant I).E.3. º 5.Staff haſterei D.3. - - Kirchen: - 6. Alte Domkirche . D.3. 7. Stadt-Pfarrkirche D.3. 3. 8. Bischäffiche Residenz. D.4. 2. 9. Karmeliter Rºoster. E.4. 2. 10. Urºttºn. Kloster. E.3.12 11. Museum . . . . . . E. 3. º 12. Bürgerschule. D.3. º 13.6/mnasium D.3. tº * fº.º. (Jºer-Realschule D.4. º 15. Turnhale . . . E. 2 . Nº. 15. Theater p.3. eziº tºRSºliſts - - ºis hethin: # R Nº. Gasthöfe & Hotels: a Kºrzherzog Karl. b. stadt Frankfurt lo. 2. D.3. - sº c. Ranone D. 3. 3 º †.º. d. Krebs l). 3. 3 -- i.e. --- º fileº N dº ſtreas --- º º - º' ºr - s º N - #! º e. Goldner/ºwe D.3. | |^. - Tº - º - sº º º - º f. Goºdnorºlater D. 2. Pºrdebahn - 4. Kawfleft/rner - *y - 5 | - - - º - - º lustenau E" wels.” E. Geograph Anstvº Vagner & Debes, Leipzig H} HE TTENSHEINIbis º £º º - ſ - º ſ E" /*A* Zºº Fºrm wºn. - º - 1. tº-nº-nº igh Meile º ºpzig. to Linx. LINZ. 37, Route. 251 bridge over the Danube. The direct route to it is by the Schweizer- haus-Gasse and the Römer-Str.; it is pleasanter, though 20 min. longer, to follow the road on the bank of the river as far as the Cal- varienberg, and to ascend thence direct through the wood to the Franz-Josefs – Warte. (Route from the Jägermayr to the Franz- Josefs-Warte, and back to the town by the Calvarienberg and St. Margarethen, 1 hr. in all.) The view from the *Pöstlingberg (1762 ft.; carriage possible, but not advisable), on the left bank, 1 hr. N.W. of Urfahr, is still more extensive, and particularly fine by evening-light. The route to it leads from the bridge up the street as far as the ‘Stadt Bud- weis', turns to the left, and ascends the Auberg-Gässchen to the Auberg Inn, beyond which we follow the broad track, passing the Riesenhof (restaur. and swimming-bath). On the summit are a pilgrimage-church and a tavern, enclosed by fortifications. Good panorama by Edlbacher. *St. Magdalena, a pilgrimage-church (Inn) 3/4 hr. N. of Urfahr, is an- other admirable point of view (one-horse carr. 5 fl.), and may easily be combined with the Pöstlingberg. — Pleasant excursion thence through the Haselgraben, passing the half-ruined castle of Wildberg, to (13/4 hr.) Kirchschlag (2933 ft.), a small bath and summer resort with pleasant wooded environs, and the (3/4 hr.) * Giselawarte (3039 ft.), a belvedere Commanding an extensive view. FROM LINZ To AIGEN-SCHLAGL, 36 M., railway (Mühlkreisbahn, in 3/4 hrs.). The train ascends the left bank of the Danube to (51/2 M.) Oltensheim (p. 180), with a château of Count Coudenhove, turns N.W. to Rottenegg, Gerling, and (20/2 M.) Wewfelden in the valley of the Grosse Mühl, and then follows that stream. 22/2 M. Piirnstein-St. Peter; 27/2 M. Haslach; 30/2 M. Rohrbach-Berg; 32/2 M. Oepping. 36 M. Aigen (Almersberger) is a pretty village, enclosed by finely wooded hills. To the S. lies (3/4 M.) the wealthy old Praemonstratensian Abbey of Schlägl, with an interesting Gothic church and a considerable library. FROM LINZ To KLAUS-STEYRLING, 41 M., narrow-gauge railway ( Krems- thalbahn, in 33/4 hrs.). At (71/2 M.) Traun the line crosses the Traun (p. 256), and at (10 M.) Wettingsdorf enters the smiling Kremsthal. In the back- ground rise the Grosse Priel and other Styrian mountains. 12 M. Nöstelbach (with Schloss Weissenberg on the hill to the right); 131/2 M. Weuhofen ; 16 M. Kematen; 20 M. Rohr-Bad Hall (see below), at the mouth of the Sulzbach. 22/2 M. Kremsmünster (1085 ft. ; *Kaiser Maa: ; Post; Sonne), a prettily-situated little town, with an ancient and celebrated Benedictine abbey, founded in 777 by Tassilo, Duke of Bavaria. The present palatial structure dates from the 18th century. The valuable library contains 70,000 vols., 1700 MSS., and 837 incunabula. The cabinet of antiques con- tains several rare curiosities. In the lower floors of the lofty observatory, which is admirably fitted up, is an extensive natural history collection. Observe also the fish-ponds. Good wine at the abbey tavern. — 27/2 M. Wartberg; 31 M. Schifterbach; 331/2 M. Kirchdorf; 36 M. Michldorf. At (381/2 M.) Herndl the line enters the Steyrthal and soon reaches its present terminus at (41. M.) Klaus-Steyrling (Inn Kaiserin Elisabeth, 1 M. from the station). Thence to Stoder and Windischgarsten, see Baedeker's Eastern Alps. From station Rohr (see above) a branch-line runs in 20 min. to Bad Hall (1230 ft. ; Hôtel Elisabeth; Budapest; Erzherzog Karl; Stadt Triest), a watering-place with springs impregnated with iodine. New Kurhaus, baths, and colonnade, and a fine park. Visitors’ tax 4–6 ſl. — From Hall a road leads to the E. to Sierning and (10/2 M.) Steyr; see Baedeker’s, Eastern Alps. 252 38. The Danube from Linz to Vienna. STEAMBOAT daily in 8-9 (ascent 18-49) hrs. ; fares for the descent 4 ſl. 20 or 2 fl. 50 kr., for the ascent 2 ſl. 80 or 1 fl. 80 kr. — The usual hours of arrival at the principal places are given, assuming that the boat starts from Linz at 71/2 a.m.; r. denotes the right, 1. the left bank. — RAIL- way, see R. 37. Down stream the steamer is far preferable, as the rail- way touches the river between Kemmelbach and Melk only. Below Linz the right bank of the river is flat. Fine retrospect of the town and environs. The steamer skirts the Strasser-Insel (p.249) and passes under the Linz and Prague railway-bridge (p. 814). R. Zizelau, at the influx of the Traun (p. 249). Opposite to it— L. Steyregg, partly concealed by a wooded island. Above it rises Schloss Steyregg, the seat of Count Weissenwolf. The steamer threads its way among islands, on one of which, to the left, is the ruined château of Spielberg. (8.20 a.m.) L. Mauthhausen (*Schachner), a small town with a flying-bridge, station for Enns (p. 248), 21/2 M. from the river. Schloss Pragstein projects far into the stream. On the right the green Enns flows into the Danube, and retains its colour for a long distance. Below the village the steamboat passes under the bridge of the rail- way from St. Valentin to Budweis (p. 314). The left bank now becomes flatter. R. Erlakloster, with a dissolved nunnery. (9 a.m.) R. Wallsee (905 ft.), a village on a hill, amidst fruit- trees, and the handsome Schloss Wallsee, with its lofty tower com— manding a fine view, once the property of Marshal Daun, is now the seat of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg. L. On an eminence, a little inland, Schloss Klam. Near — R. Ardagger the Danube suddenly turns to the N. On the Koll- mitzberg (1538 ft.), high above, is the pilgrimage-church of St. Otti- lia. The channel contracts, and is flanked by lofty, wooded hills. (9.35) L. Grein (715 ft.; *Herndl), a pretty little town, is commanded by the Greimburg, a castle of the Duke of Coburg. On the hill above lies the hydropathic of Kreuzen (1570 ft.), finely sit- uated (on foot or by carr., 4 hr. ; omn. 30 kr.). Ridges of rock projecting far into the stream here form the “Greiner Schwall’ (‘surging water’). The stream is divided by the large island of Wörth, on the N. side of which the main arm descends in rapids called the *Strudel (‘whirlpool’, ‘eddy'), 300 yds. long, and 10–15 yds. in width, once very dangerous to vessels. The ob- structing rocks were at last removed by blasting, the last operations having taken place in 1866, and the passage is now safe. The steamer steers along the rocky bank of the Wörth, at the N. end of which are the ruins of a castle, a stone cross, and a statue of the Virgin. Opposite, on the left bank, is the ruin of Werfenstein, and just beyond it the village of Struden, with the ruin of that name on an abrupt rock. A little lower the Hausstein, a lofty rock, crowned with a ruined tower, forms a new obstacle to the stream, causing YBBS. 38. Route. 253 the once dangerous Wirbel (“whirlpool’), now an ordinary rapid. The passage of the Strudel and the Wirbel takes a few minutes only. At the end of this defile lies — L. St. Nicolai, with fine rocky scenery, a resort of artists. L. Sarmingstein, with an old watch-tower. R. Freienstein, with a ruined castle, below which the Isperbach, the boundary between Upper and Lower Austria, falls into the Danube on the left. R. Donaudorf, with a small château. Opposite, on a rock project- ing into the river, rises — L. Persenbeug, a château of Archduke Otto. (10.10) R. Ybbs (Lamm; Ochs), the Roman Pons Isidis. One of the two large buildings is a lunatic asylum, the other a poor- house, connected with that of Vienna. The river forms a bend. To the right is the mouth of the Ybbs (p. 248). To the S. a distant view is obtained of the Austrian Alps, with the Oetscher. At Sarling, on the right, the railway approaches the river (p. 248). R. Säusenstein, with the ruins of the Cistercian abbey of Gottes- thal, burned down by the French in 1809. (10.80) L. Marbach (Sonne; Ochs), a considerable market- town. On the hill above it (1450 ft.; 1 hr.) rises the pilgrimage- church of Maria-Tuferl, visited by 100,000 devotees annually. The summit (Inn) commands a fine view of the valley of the Danube, a great part of Lower Austria, and the Styrian and Austrian Alps, from the Schneeberg near Vienna to the Bavarian frontier. Opposite Marbach is rail. stat. Krummnussbaum (p. 248). A little farther on the Erlauf falls into the Danube. (10.45) R. Pöchlarn (rail. stat.; Pleiner), the traditional resi- dence of Rüdiger of Pechlarn, one of the heroes of the Nibelungen- Lied, who accorded a brilliant reception to Chriemhild on her jour- ney to the land of the Huns. On the opposite bank is Klein–Pöch- larn, with an old little church, on the hill above which is Schloss Artstetten (p. 247). Farther down, the church of Ebersdorf on the left. The valley now expands. Near — L. Weiteneck rises a picturesque old pinnacled castle, said to have been erected by Rüdiger of Pechlarn, restored by Emp. Fran- cis. Below it is the plain little château of Lubereck, where the Emperor spent some months every summer. (11. 5) R. Melk, or Mölk (rail. stat. ; Lamm; *Ochs; Hirsch; Gruber, at the rail. stat.), is a small town at the base of the rock on which stands a celebrated Benedictine Abbey, 188 ft. above the river, founded in 1089, re-erected in 1701-38, resembling a large palace rather than a monastery. The church, sumptuously fitted up with gilding and red marble, contains a famous organ. The library (30,000 vols., valuable incunabula, and MSS.) in its hand- some saloon, and the picture -gallery, deserve a visit. The private chapel of the abbot contains the ‘Melker Kreuz’, 2 ft. high, admirably 254 Route 38. DURNSTEIN. The Danube from executed in embossed gold, dating from 1863; the back is adorned with pearls and precious stones; the foot is of silver. Melk and Mautern, which lies further down, are also mentioned in the Nibelungen-Lied. — The landing-place is 1 M. below the town. Below Melk the Danube enters the Wachaw, a sequestered defile, many miles in length, noted for its scenery and its legends. L. Emmersdorf, opposite the influx of the Pielach (p. 247), with a church and a monastery. - R. Schönbichl, with a château of Count Beroldingen and a Ser- wite monastery. r L. Aggsbach. Opposite is Aggstein, once the seat of the powerful knights of Kuenringe, afterwards a dreaded robber's castle. Below — L. Schwallenbach, the Teufelsmauer (devil's wall), a rocky ridge, extends from the river to the summit of the hill above. (11.40) L. Spitz, a market-town with an ancient church and a ruined castle, is built around a vine-clad hill. The Jauerling (3145 ft.), ascended from Spitz by a good bridle-path in 21/2 hrs., commands a fine view of the Danube and the Austrian and Styrian Alps (tourists' hut at the top). L. St. Michael. On the roof of the old church are placed six hares made of clay, a quaint memorial of a snow-drift which once so completely covered the church that the hares ran over the roof. L. Wesendorf. Then Weissenkirchen (Salomon's Inn). - Pleasant excursion by (11/2 hr.) Weinzierl to (3/4 hr.) the ruin of *Harten- stein, finely situated above the Teufelskirche ravine. We may then go through the Kremsthal and past the ruin of Hohenstein to (2 hrs.) Ober- meisling (*Inn), whence a road leads through the gorges of the Krems to (6 M.) Senftenberg, with a ruined castle, and (4!/2 M.) Krems (see below). R. Rossatz, a market-town and château. Opposite, on a rocky eminence, rise the ruins of the castle of — - L. *Dürnstein (680 ft.). In 1192–93, according to the tradition, Duke Leopold VI. kept Richard Coeur de Lion a prisoner here for 15 months, and here the faithful Blondel is said to have discovered his lost master. The village looks picturesque from the river; the modern Schloss of Prince Starhemberg, the old abbey, and the church are the chief buildings. In the ruins of a nunnery of St. Clara, dissolved in 1769, an inn has been established. R. Mautern, the Roman Mutinum. A wooden bridge, more than 1/4 M. long, dating from 1463, connects Mautern with — (12.20) L. Stein (Bittermann's Hotel; Elephant), a well-built town, with three churches. Near the bridge are the ruins of a castle destroyed by Matthew Corvinus in 1486, and on the Frauenberg the remains of another stronghold. The old town of Krems (*Hirsch; pop. 10,584) is separated from Stein by the suppressed Capuchin monastery of Und. From the river they look like one long town. A monument to Marshal Schmidt, who fell here in a skirmish with the French in 1805, was erected on the Promenade in 1820. The inter- esting Städtische Museum was opened in 1889. The line from Krems to Herzogenburg-St. Pölten (p. 247) crosses the Danube here. * • Dampfºot-Stationen DII, non-AT vom GHREIN bis STEI ojº ºf - º º º 1:30,000 º ºſafºſhº º º *===*-*—* Engi. Miles Linz to Vienna. TULLN. 38. Route. 255 FROM KREMs To ABSDORF, 20 M., by railway in 11/4 hr. Stations Ge- dersdorf, Hadersdorf (junction of the Kampthal-Bahn to stat. Sigmunds- herberg-Horn on the Franz-Josefs-Bahn, p. 314), Wagram (1/2 hr. W. of which is “Schloss Grafenegg, the property of Count Breuner, with a fine park and interesting stables), Kirchberg on the Wagram, Absdorf (p. 315). We now near the famous Benedictine Abbey of Göttweig, which has already been visible for some time, situated on a hill 856ft. high, 3 M. from the Danube. Founded in 1072, the present extensive buildings were erected in 1719. The portal of the church and the great staircase are very imposing. The abbey possesses a library with numerous incunabula and MSS., a physical cabinet, and collec- tions of coins, antiquities, engravings, etc. The left bank is now flat, and numerous islands again divide the stream. To the right, on the crest of the hill, rises the solitary church of Wetterkreuz (1207 ft.) . (12.35) R. Hollenburg (772 ft.), with a château and park, and above it a ruined castle. The right bank also now becomes flat, and the scenery is uninteresting until Vienna is approached. R. Traismauer, a very old village, not visible from the river, is mentioned in the Nibelungen-Lied. Near it the Traisen falls into the Danube. Then (1.30) Zwentendorf. . (1.40) R. Tulln (Brenner; Hirsch; Löwe), one of the oldest towns on the Danube, the Comagenae of the Romans, and the station of one of their river-fleets, is also mentioned in the Nibelun- gen-Lied. In the extensive plain here, the Tullner Feld, an army of 60,000 Germans and Poles assembled in 1683, and marched thence to the distressed Viennese against their Turkish besiegers. The Danube is here crossed by the Franz-Josefs Railway (p. 345). From Tulln to Herzogenburg and St. Pölten, see p. 247; to Absalorf- 3. Hipperdorf and Krems, see above and p. 315 Below Tulln, as the Wiener Wald is approached, the scenery improves. - (2.10) R. Greifenstein, a castle of Prince Liechtenstein, with a handsome tower, attracts many visitors from Vienna (station on the Franz-Josefs Line, which here skirts the bank). Hadersfeld, on the hill, from which pleasant forest-paths lead to Klosterneuburg, Kierling, etc., commands the whole valley of the Danube. L. Kreuzenstein, a castle concealed by trees, destroyed in the Thirty Years' War, but restored in 1887 by Count Wilczek. R. Höflein, below which the river suddenly turns S. In the distance we observe the Leopoldsberg and the Kahlenberg (p. 244). (2.25) L. Korneuburg (548 ft.; Hirsch; Strauss), formerly a fortress, frequently mentioned in the war between Matthew Cor- vinus and Emp. Frederick III., and in the Thirty Years' War, lies in the plain, far inland, on the Nordwest-Bahn (p. 315). Along the bank extends the vine-clad Bisamberg (1180 ft.). In the distance glitter the domes of the great Augustinian Abbey of Klosterneuburg. R. Klosterneuburg (p. 245). Below it the Kahlenberg (p. 244) lies so close to the river as scarcely to leave room for the railway 256 Route 39. WELS. and the road. To the right, on a prominent spur, is the church of the Leopoldsberg (p. 244), at the foot of which, amidst vineyards, lies Kahlenbergerdorf. (2.50) R. Nussdorf (p. 244). The broader arm of the Danube, to the left, does not touch the capital. Passengers are conveyed by a smaller vessel through the Danube Canal from Nussdorf to the Franz-Josefs-Quai, below the Stefaniebrücke. (3.30 p.m.) R. Vienna (560 ft.), p. 185. 39. From Linz to Salzburg. 77/2 M. RAILwAY in 2/4-58/4 hrs. Linz, see p. 249. — 6 M. Hörsching; 114/4 M. Marchtrenk; 17 M. Wels (1026 ft.; *Bauer's Hôtel Adler; *Post; Kaiserin von Oesterreich, at the station; Rail. Rest.), a small town on the Trawn, with a new Gothic church and an old castle of Prince Auersperg. From Wels to Passau, see p. 179; to Simbach and Munich, see p. 172; to Aschach, on the Danube, see p. 180. - Beyond Wels the line enters a wooded district. 20 M. Guns- kirchen; 24 M. Lambach (1100 ft.; *Rail. Rest., with R.; *Rössl), a small town with important-looking buildings. Among these is a Benedictine Abbey, founded in 1032, which contains a collection of engravings, incunabula, MSS., and nine large altar-pieces by Sandrart. — Rail to Gmunden (with visit to the Traunfall), see Baedeker's Eastern Alps. - The line quits the Traun and enters the valley of the Ager. On the left the Traunstein and the Höllengebirge. 26 M. New- kirchen; 28 M. Breitenschützing; 301/2 M. Schwanenstadt; 344/2 M. Attnang (1322 ft.; Rail. Rest.; Inn at the station), junction for the Salzkammergut Railway (see Baedeker's Eastern Alps). FROM ATTNANG To SCHARDING, 42 M. (rail in 21/2 hrs.). 7 M. Manning- Wolfsegg; 2 M. to the E. lies the small town of Wolfsegg (*Hüttl, with view: Post), charmingly situated on the slope of the Hausruck. Fine views from the Schloss-Park and the ‘Schanze”. 10/2 M. Holzleithen ; branch-line to Thomas,'oith, in a coal-mining district. The train penetrates the Haus- ruck by a tunnel 770 yds. long, and descends by Hausruck and Eberschwang to (20/2 M.) Ried (p. 172). 251/2 M. Aurolzmünster; 28 M. St. Martin, with the château and brewery of Count Arco-Valley; 30 M. Hart; 32 M. An- diesenhofen. The train nears the Inn, crosses the Andiesenbach, and beyond (36!/2 M.) Suben the Prambach, and reaches (42 M.) Schärding (p. 179), an old town picturesquely situated on the right bank of the Inn. From Schärding to Passau (Ratisbon etc.), see p. 179. To the left the old château of Puchheim; in the background the Höllengebirge. — 371/2 M. Vöcklabruck (1420 ft.; *Mohr; Post) is a pleasant little town on the Ager; on a height on the E. side stands the old Gothic church of Schöndorf. Route to the Attersee, see Baedeker's Eastern Alps. The train crosses the Ager twice. On the right are the château and ruins of Wartenburg. At (40 M.) Timelkam the line enters the valley of the Vöckla, which falls into the Ager here. 45 M. - A. | salzburg 0. 100 200 300 4:00 500 Meter. 1. Botanzscher 6'arzeny. . . D4. 2. Wazzºwache . . . . . . E4. 3. Hofºrwmen. . . . . . . F.A. 4. Kapite&cºrezrºne. . . . E4. - Kirchen u. Klöster : 5. Augustiner-Kloster and Kºrche. . . . . . C.2. 6. Benedikzºney:Abtei zana, Stif.ºrche ºpezer E4.H. 7. Bürgery italkirche , , D4. 8. Dreifaltigkeitskirche und. Seminar. . . . . 9. Franziskaner-YZoster, Rand Mºrche . . . . 10.Kajetaner-Kirche . . 11. Kapuzèner-Kloster – - 12. Hollegienkirche . . . . D4 ºz., Fº --~ § -jº º - - * 13. Loretto-HZosterw.ºrcheſ).2. - - - - - || - º §2. - Nº. - º º 14.Protestanzische Kirche C23. - º º *S. -- º/ . º º 15.5% hardsspitalXºrche F4.5. - - ºğNº. º º º 16.8%lſargarethenkapelle E4K 17. Sºfichaelskirche . . . E4, º 18.S*Peterstiftskirche D.E4.2% 19.8% Sebastianskirche E.23. 20. Ursuliner-Kºoster. und. Mºrche. . . . . . C.3. T. 21. Ursulinertrºnen-Kloster - und/ºrcheſ Nonnberg/EFA). 22. Kollegium-6ebäude . . . D4 23. Landtags-Gebäude --. - (Chiemseehof) . . . . . 4. 24, Leichenhof 3: Peter. . . 25. " * 3: Sebastian 26. Marienstage . . . . . . 27. Mozart's Geºnartshaws wnd, Museum. . -- 28. Mozarts Standbild. . . . . – 29, " " Wo/mhazas. . . . 30. Parrace/sus-Wojºhats. . . 31. Pferdeschwomme . . . 32. Postu. Zelegraph, . 33. Rathhaats . . . . . . . 34. Regierung w. Landgericht. 5|35. Sommer-Reitschule . . . 36.7%aater. . . . . . 2 º - º º º º º --- - 3 Leº --- - - - EBergmeegºn |- A Geograph. Anstalt von - - - Wagner & Debes, Leipzig. SALZBURG. 39. Route. 257 Redl–Zipf, with a large brewery; 474/2 M. Vöcklamarkt; 501/2 M. Frankenmarkt (1760 ft.). The railway quits the Vöckla, and winds through the wooded hill-district forming the watershed between the Traun and the Inn. The highest point is stat. Ederbauer (1960 ft.). Near (581/2 M.) Rabenschwand-Oberhofen, the over- hanging summit of the Schafberg is seen on the left. 601/2 M. Strass- walchen (1772 ft.); thence to the Mondsee, see Baedeker's Eastern Alps. 62 M. Steindorf, junction for Braunau (p. 172). 63 M. Neu- markt-Köstendorf. The Tannberg (2572 ft.), 1 hr. from Neumarkt or from Weng, com- mands a superb view (path marked). Inn and pyramid at the top. Descent to (2 hrs.) Mattsee (see below). Beyond (651/2 M.) Weng the line skirts the pretty Wallersee, or Lake of Seekirchen, on which a small steamer plies. 67 M. Wallersee; 6.9 M. Seekirchen (Inn), 3/4 M. from the S.W. end of the lake. Diligence daily in 11/2 hr. to (8 M.) Mattsee (1650 ft.; Iglbråu), char- mingly situated on a neck of land between the Ober-Trumersee and Wieder- Th'umersee (the ‘Matt seen"); 11/4 M. to the N.W. is the smaller Grabensee. The Schlossberg (1860 ft. ; 1/4 hr.) affords a good survey. Hence to the top of the Tannberg, 21/2 hrs., see above. - The train enters a wooded tract and crosses the ravine of the Fischach (outflow of the Wallersee) several times. 74 M. Eugen- dorf; 78 M. Hallwang-Eliaſhausen. We now turn to the S. jnto the valley of the Salzach; to the left the rounded Gaisberg; to the right the Untersberg, Watzmann, and the Stauffen. 75 M. Berg- Mariaplain (p. 262). The station of (771/2 M.) Salzburg is 3/4 M. to the N. of the Stadtbrücke (p. 260). Salzburg. — Hotels. *HôTEL DE L'EUROPE (Pl. D, 1), opposite the station, with a large garden and fine view, R. 1 fl. 20-1 fl. 50, L. & A. 60 kr., pens., 4-5 fl. (lift); *HôTEL D'AUTRICHE (Pl. as D, 3), R., L., & A. 11/2-2 fl., B. 50 kr.: *HôTEL NELBöCK (Pl. b : D, 1), near the station, R., L., & A. 2-21/2 fl., B. 60 kr., pension from 4 fl. — In the town, on the left bank: ERZHERZOG CARL (Pl. c.; E, 4), R., L., & A. 2-21/4 fl. 5 GOLDNES SCHIFF (PI. d: E, 4). — Second-class : *SALZBURGER HoF (Pl. e5 E, 4), in the Ludwig-Victor-Platz; “GoLDENE KRONE (PI. f.; D, 3), *HIRscH, MöDL- HAMMERBRAU, HoRN, all in the Getreidegasse; *MoHR (P1. g; E, 3, 4). — On the right bank of the Salzach : *PITTER’s HôTEL (Pl. 1; D, 2), West- bahn-Str., 5 min. from the station, R., L., & A. 1 fl. 30 kr.: *ZUM STEIN (Pl. h; D, E, 3), by the bridge; *GABLERBRAU (Pl. is D, 3), TRAUBE (Pl. k; D, 3), REGENBoGEN, TIGER , unpretending; STEINLECHNER, Aigner-Str., moderate; PENSION JUNG , near the station; – Koi..I.ER’s HôTEL - GARNI, Linzergasse. Gafés. On the left bank of the Salzach: Tomaselli, Ludwig-Victor- Platz; Lobmayr, Universitäts-Platz and Haffnergasse; Wiesenberger, Ju- dengasse. On the right bank: Café Bazar, Schwarz-Str., and Koller (with R.), Linzergasse, near the bridge; Edtmayr, Theatergasse. Restaurants. *Kurhaus (see p. 260; evening concerts almost daily in summer, 30 kr.); *Pitter, see above. — WINE in St. Peter’s Stiftskeller (Pl. D, 4; p. 259; also a restaurant); at Glocker’s and Keller’s, in the Ge- treidegasse; at the Tiger, Mohren, etc. — Stehle's restaurant, Bahn-Str. — BEER at the Stieglbräu ; in summer at the Stieglkeller (Pl. E, 4), on the way to the fortress, a favourite resort; *Sternbräugarten, Getreidegasse; Mirabellgarten, Makart-Platz (concerts in summer); Nürnberger Wurstküche, Universitäts-Platz; Hofmann’s Bierhalle, near the station ; Schanzlkeller, BAEDEKER's S. Germany. 7th Edit. 17, 18 258 Route 39. SALZBURG, Cathedral. outside the Kajetanerthor; Mödlhammer-Keller, outside the Klausenthor; Augustinerbräu at Mülln. Baths. *Kurhaus, Bahn-Str., with baths of every kind (swimming, etc.). Swimming Baths near Schloss Leopoldskron, 1/4 M. to the S.W. (local train, see below). Mud, pine-cone, and peat baths at the Ludwigsbad and the Marienbad, 1/2 M. from the town ; onnibus from the ‘Gold. Hirsch’ and ‘Gold. Horn' at 7, 10, 2 and 6 o'cl. Cabs. From the station into the town, with luggage, one-horse 60 kr., two-horse 1 fl.; at night 90 kr. or 1 fl. 60 kr. — By time: half-a-day 3 fl. 20 kr. or 5 fl. ; whole day 6 or 9 fl. — To Berchtesgaden 5 or 8 fl., there and back 6 or 10 fl. 3 Königssee 8 or 12 fl. (visit to the salt-mine included in both cases). — Excursions with stay of 1 hr. : Aigen, Marienbad, Hellbrunn, or Klesheim 2 fl. 30 or 3 fl. — Tolls and fees included in all cases. Steam Tramway (Lokalbahn) from the railway-station through the town to Nonnthal hourly, and on to Hellbrunn and the Drachenloch several times a day. Stations within the town: Fünffiaus, Ausweiche, Kurhaus, Bazar, Innerer Stein, and Aeusserer Stein, beyond which the line crosses the Karolinen-Brücke to (2 M.) Nonnthal. The next part of the line affords pretty views. Stations: Zeopoldskron, Cemetery, Kleingmain, Morzg, (4!/4 M.) Hellbrunn (p. 262), Anif (p. 262), Grödig, St. Leonhardt, and (8 M.) the Drachenloch, on the Austrian frontier. Thence to Berchtesgaden, see Bae- deker’s Eastern Alps. “Dienstmann' (commissionnaire), 5 kr. per '/4 hr. ; to carry luggage not exceeding 22 lbs. to the station, 20 kr. — Guides, 25 kr. per hr. Post and Telegraph Office (Pl. 32; E, 4), Residenz-Platz. English Church Service in the German Protestant Church at 11 a.m. and 4 p.m. Salzburg (1852 ft.), the Roman Juvavum, was once the capital of the richest and most powerful ecclesiastical principality in S. Germany, which was secularised in 1802 and converted into a tem- poral Electorate. In 1805 it became Austrian, then Bavarian, and finally, in 1816, Austrian again. The town (27,600 inhab. ; 550 Prot.) is now the seat of an archbishop and of the government and law-courts of the district. The town, with which hardly another in Germany can vie in picturesqueness of situation, lies on both banks of the Salzach, bounded by the abrupt castle-hill and the Mönchsberg on the left bank, and by the Kapuzimerberg on the right bank. Frequent conflagrations have left few mediaeval edi- fices at Salzburg. Most of the principal buildings are due to the splendour-lowing prince-bishops of the 17th and 18th centuries. The older quarter of the town is on the left bank of the Salzach. Its central point is the Residenz-Platz (Pl. E, 4), in which rises the handsome *Hofbrunnen (PI. 8), 46 ft. in height, executed in 1664 by Ant. Dario. Each of the hippopotami and the figures of Atlas is hewn out of a single block of marble. At the summit a Triton spouts water out of a horn. On the W. side of the Platz is the spacious Residenz-Schloss (P1, D, E, 4), erected in 1592–1724, now occupied by the Grand-Duke of Tuscany. Opposite to it is the Neubau, containing the Government Offices, Law Courts (Pl. 34), and Post and Telegraph Offices (P1. 32). On the S. side is the handsome *Cathedral, erected in 1614–28 by Santino Solari, in the late Renaissance style. A chapel to the left of the entrance con- Mozart's Statue. SALZBURG. 39. Route. 259 tains a *Font in bronze, of 1821. The modern cloisters are adorned with paintings by Glötzle. In the Domplatz, W. of the cathedral, rises a Mariensäule (Pl. 26) in lead by Hagenauer (1772). *Mozart's Statue (Pl. 28), in bronze, by Schwanthaler, erected in 1842, adorns the adjacent Mozart-Platz. The house where the great composer (1756–91) was born, No. 7 Getreidegasse (Pl. 27), contains the Mozart Museum on the third floor (adm. 50 kr.; on week-days, 9–12 and 2–4; on Sun. 10–12), with his piano and spinet, a collection of his letters and MSS., and other reminiscences. — Mozart's House (Pl. 29; D, 3) is in the Makart–Platz, on the right bank of the Salzach. On the S. side of the cathedral is the Kapitel-Platz, with its handsome marble horse-trough (1732; Pl. 4). On the left side of this Platz is the Archiepiscopal Palace (Pl. 3, 4). Nearly opposite, in the S.W. corner of the Platz, is the entrance to the *Burial Ground of St. Peter (Pl. 24), the oldest in Salzburg. The vaults hewn in the rock and the chapels attached (Marimus- and Gertrauden–Kapelle), dating from the period of the consecration of the ground by St. Rupert about 696, are interesting. The late- Gothic Church of St. Margaret (PI. 16) in the middle of the burial- ground, erected in 1481 and restored in 1864, contains tombstones of the 15th century. — At the N. entrance to the burial-ground is the Stiftskeller (p. 257; good wine). In the vicinity is the Franciscan Church (Pl. 9), of the 13th cent. , with a fine Romanesque S. portal, and an elegant Gothic tower, erected in 1866. In the hexagonal choir is the high-altar, with a *Madonna, carved in wood by M. Pacher (1480). The stables of the former prince-bishops, now a cavalry - barrack, contain the Summer Riding School (Pl. 35; adm. 10 kr.), an amphitheatre hewn in the rocks of the Mönchsberg in 1693, and the Winter Riding School, with a painting of a tournament on the ceiling (date 1690). To the left of the riding-school are the steps ascending to the Mönchsberg (see below). On the N. side of the barracks, in the Universitäts-Platz, is a Horse Trough (Pl. 31) with marble enclosure and a group of horse-tamers by Mandl (1670). To the W. of this point is the “Neuthor, a tunnel 150 yds. long, hewn in 1767 through the conglomerate rock (breccia) of the Mönchs- berg, leading out of the town. Beyond it rises a statue of St. Sigismund, by Hagenauer, and on the side next the town is a medallion-portrait of Archduke Sigismund, the founder of the tunnel. In the Universitäts-Platz rises the Kollegienkirche (Pl 22; D, 4), a dome-covered rococo church, erected in 1696–1707, from designs by Fischer v. Erlach. Near the Convent of St. Ursula (Pl. 20) is the extensive and valuable *Museum Carolino-Augusteum (Pl. D, 3), entered from the Franz-Josef-Quai (adm. 8-1 and 2–6; daily in summer; Sun. and Thurs. 1–4 in winter; 50 kr., Sun. 30 kr.). - Above the town, on the S.E. point of the Mönchsberg, rises the fortress of *Hohen-Salzburg (1778 ft.), the pinnacled towers of which are 500 ft. above the Kapitel-Platz. The Folter-Thurm (80 ft. 47% 260 Route 39. SALZBURG. Mönchsberg. high) commands a remarkably fine *Panorama. The direct route from the town to the fortress (1/4 hr.), indicated by notice-boards, leads from the Kapitel-Platz (Pl. E, 4) through the Festungsgasse, and past the restaurant Zur Katz (fine view). The fortifications (ticket of admission to the interior and the tower 20kr.) were founded in the 9th cent., but the greater part of the present pile dates from 1496–1519. The Church of St. George, erected in 1502, contains statues of the Twelve Apostles in red marble. On the exterior is a relief of the founder, Archbishop Leonhard (d. 1519). The *Mönchsberg (1647 ft.), a wooded hill 11/2M. long, bound- ing the town on the W. side, affords charming walks with beautiful views. An electric lift conveys visitors in 2 min. from Gstätten- gasse No. 13 (Pl. C,3) to the plateau (184 ft. above the street), near the Bürgerwehrsèller (Restaur.; view of the town). The direct route from the town to the Mönchsberg is by a flight of 283 steps adjoining the Summer Riding School (Pl. 85, D4; p. 259); another leads from the suburb of Mülln, past the Augustinian Church (Pl. 5; C, 2) and through the Monica-Pforte; a third from the suburb of Nonnthal, through the Schartenthor (PI. D, 5). The road from the fortress (see above) to the Mönchsberg leads through a gateway under the Katz, and passes the Ludwigs-Fernsicht and the castellated Villa Freyburg. The finest points are the Franz-Josef-Elisabeth-Höhe, the Carolinen- Höhe, and *Achleitney’s Tower (Pl. D, 5; adm. 10 kr.). To the left rises the fortress of Hohen-Salzburg, beyond it the Gaisberg, at the foot of which is the Aignerthal; beyond Schloss Hellbrunn are the long Tennengebirge, the narrow defile of Pass Lueg, with the Hagengebirge and the Hohe-Göll adjoining it, and the dark Untersberg; then the Lattenberg, Müllnerhorn, Ristfeichthorn, Sonntagshorn, the Hochstaufen, and in the plain, Schloss Klesheim. In the foreground rises the Reinberg, a rocky eminence with quarries of conglomerate. To the W. stretches the Bavarian plain. The E. spur of the hill, below the fortress, is called the Nonnberg (Pl. E. E. 4), from the Ursuline nunnery situated on it. The Gothic Con- vent Church (founded in. 1009, restored in the 15th cent.) possesses a fine winged alfar, a crypt with interesting columns, and in the tower ancient frescoes. The cloisters (end of 11th cent.) are the oldest in Germany. Charming view from the parapet. — Outside the adjacent Kajetaner-Thor, on the Salzach, is the Künstlerhaus (Pl. F, 4), opened in 1885 for exhi- bitions of pictures and industrial art. The Salzach is crossed in the middle of the town by the iron Stadtbrücke, 100 yds. long. In the ‘Platzl’, near the bridge, on the right bank of the Salzach, is the House of Paracelsus (Pl. 30), the celebrated physician and empiric (d. 1541). To the N. of the Platzl the Dreifaltigkeitsgasse leads to the long Mirabell-Platz. Here on the left rises Schloss Mirabell (PI. D, 2), rebuilt after a fire in 1848, formerly the archiepiscopal palace, and now the property of the town. Behind it lies the Mirabell Garden, laid out in the old French fashion, and adorned with statues. Schloss Mirabell is adjoined on the N. by the pleasant Stadt- park, which contains a handsome *Kurhaus and Bath-House (con- certs, see p. 257). A building in the park contains Sattler's Cos- morama and a panorama of Salzburg (adm. 30 kr.). In the Linzergasse on the right bank, about 200 paces from the bridge, opposite the Gablerbräu Inn, is the conspicuous stone portal Gaisberg. SALZBURG. 39. Route. 261 which forms the entrance to the *Kapuzinerberg (2182 ft.). The Capuchin Monastery (Pl. 11) is reached by 255 steps. At the top visitors ring at the gate (3 kr.) and enter the park. On the left stands the ‘Mozarthäuschen', brought from Vienna, in which Mozart completed his ‘Zauberflöte in 1791 (adm. 10 kr.). About 3 min. to the right is the ‘erste Stadt-Ansicht' (a small belvedere). Returning to the Mozarthäuschen, we ascend through the wood by about 500 steps more. After 10 min. a post on the left indicates the way to the “Aussicht mach Bayern': view of the railway-station in the foreground, to the right Mariaplain, to the left Mülln, in the centre the Salzach stretching far into the plains of Bavaria. About 2 min. farther another finger-post shows the way (diverging to the right from the direct path to the restaurant) to the (5 min.) ‘Stadt-Aus- sicht', the finest point on the Kapuzinerberg: admirable *View of the town and fortress, the Hochstauffen, the Untersberg, and Berch- tesgaden Mts. In 5 min. more we reach the Francisci Schlössl on the E. side of the hill, 781 ft. above the Salzach, commanding a fine view to the S. and E. (restaurant). Shady paths, with pretty views, descend hence at the back of the hill to the Linzer Thor, through which we may re-enter the town. The château and park of Aigen, the property of Prince Schwarzen- berg, at the foot of the Gaisberg, 3 M. to the S.E. of Salzburg, are also worth visiting. Morning-light best ; the finest point is the Kanzel. At the entrance to the grounds (3/4 M. from the station) is a *Restaurant, where a guide (30 kr.) may be procured. About 11/4 hr. above Aigen is Count Platz’s château of St. Jacob am Thurn, an excellent point of view (Restaurant). From the “Aussicht", 5 min. from the château, we enjoy a view of the mountains and the plain of the Salzagh, most picturesquely grouped. The Tennengebirge, the Hohe Göll, Watzmann, Hochkalter, Untersberg, and Hochstauffen are especially conspicuous. In the background of the Salzachthal lies Salzburg. The *Gaisberg (4220 ft.; 24/2 hrs.) is the finest point of view near Salzburg. A ZAHNRADBAHN, or rack-and-pinion railway, opened in 1887, ascends to the summit from Parsch (*Dr. Breyer's Hydropathic), a station 6 min. by rail from Salzburg, or about 1 M. from the Karolinen-Brücke (PI. F., 4) by the Aigen and Gaisberg road. The ascent by the railway, which is 23/4 M. in length, with a maximum gradient of 25: 100, takes 40 min. (return-ticket 3 fl. 6 kr.). The line ascends on the S. side of the hill, by the station of Mitter-Judenberg, to (13/4. M.) the Zistel-Alpe (3232 ft.; Rest.), and then mounts in a wide curve round the E. side to the summit, with the *Hotel Gaisbergspitze (R. 11/4-11/2 fl., L. & A. 25 kr.) and a belvedere tower (15 kr.). The admirable *View, nearly as good from the inn as from the tower, embraces the Salzburg Alps and the plain, with seven lakes. For pedestrians the best route is by the ‘Alpenvereinsweg", constructed by the German Alpine Club, and provided with finger-posts and benches (shade in the morning). From Parsch (see above) we proceed to (10 min.) the Apothekerhöfe, at the foot of the hill. The path then ascends to the left to the (3/4 hr.) Gersberg- (or Zeisberg) Alpe (2615 ft.; Inn), and thence 262 Route 39. SALZBURG. in zigzags through wood on the N. side to the (1 hr.) summit. — From the Apothekerhöfe to the Zistel-Alp (see p. 261), on foot, 1/2 hr. ; thence to the top, 3/4 hr. The imperial château of Hellbrunn (steam-tramway, see p. 258), 3 M. to the S. of Salzburg, with gardens and fountains in the style of the 17th and 18th cent., is adorned with frescoes by Mascagni and others (1645). (*Restaurant. The fountains play on Sundays gratis; fee on other days 50 kr.) To the left on entering the grounds is an iron gate (when closed, fee of 20 kr.) leading into the Park. Leaving the carriage-drive after 200 paces, we ascend the wooded hill to the right, past the Monatsschlösschen, to (1/4 hr.) the Stadt-Aussicht, commanding a fine view of Salzburg. Then through wood to (10 min.) the Watzmann-Aussicht, at the back of the hill, from which the Watzmann is seen to advantage. On our way back we descend to the right, after 5 min. , to the ‘Steinerne Theater', hewn in the rock, where pastorals and operas used to be performed under the patronage of the prince-bishops. We then return by the drive. — To the S. of Hellbrunn, 11/2 M. on the road to Hallein, is the Gothic château of Amif, the seat of Count Arco. To the S.W. of Salzburg (11/4 M.; steam-tramway, see p. 258) is the château of Leopoldskron, with a large fish-pond and Swim- ming Bath (p. 258; Restaurant). From this point the extensive Leopoldskroner Moos stretches S. to the base of the Untersberg. On the ‘Moos—Strasse', which traverses the moor to Glaneck, are a group of 200 houses inhabited by peat-cutters, and the ‘Moos- Bäder' or peat-baths. The Ludwigsbad is 3/4M. from Leopoldskron, and the Marienbad 11/4 M. - From (4 M.) Glaneck (1463 ft.; Inn), with its old château, a road, ascending by the falls of the Glan, leads to (2 M.) the source of the stream, called the *Fürstenbrunnen (1952 ft.), the excellent water of which (42°Fahr.) is now conducted to Salzburg. On the road are marble-cutting works and bullet-mills, and in the vicinity are the Quarries which yield the beautiful Untersberg marble (Rest. zur Schönen Aussicht). To the N. (3/2 M.), on the right bank of the Salzach, rises the conspicuous and handsome pilgrimage - church of Maria-Plain (1720 ft.), erected in 1674. Very extensive *View, finest by evening-light. A path diverging at Froschheim (Pl. F, 1) is shorter and pleasanter than the road (finger-post). Restaurant at the foot of the hill. The Untersberg, the most conspicuous mountain near Salzburg, cul- minates in the Geiereck (5909 ft.), the Salzburger Hohethron (6073 ft.), and the Berchtesgadener Hohethron (6480 ft.). Ascent (with guide) from Glaneck to the (4!/2 hrs.) Untersberg-Haus (5415 ft.; Inn); thence in 11/4 hr. to the top of the Salzburger Hohethpon (*View). See Baedeker's Eastern Alps. From Salzburg to Berchtesgaden (Königssee), Hallein and Golling, the Salzburg and Tyrol Railway, etc., see Baedeker's Eastern Alps. * 263 40. From Vienna to Gratz. 141 M. RAILWAYin 51/2-9 hrs. ; views generally to the left. — A glimpse at the interesting *Semmering Railway may be obtained by going as far as Mürzzuschlag, and returning the same day (return-tickets issued in summer; 2nd cl. 3, 3rd cl. 2 fl.). See Baedeker's Eastern Alps. From Vienna to (161/2 M.) Baden, see R. 36. On the hills to the right are the ruins of Rauhenstein and Rauheneck, with Schloss Weilburg and the Helenenthal between them (see p. 243). The broad plain to the left, sprinkled with villages, is bounded by the Leitha Mts. Near (19 M.) Vöslau (800 ft.; *Hôtel Back; Hallmayer; Com- munal; Witzmann, etc.), a watering-place, the best Austrian wine is produced. A large pond in the park of Count Fries, fed by a thermal spring (76°Fahr.), contains swimming and other baths. Adjoining Vöslau is the prettily situated village of Gainfarm (*Wein- traube), with a hydropathic. — Excursion to (11/2 hr.) *Merkenstein, with a ruined castle, a château, and a belvedere in the park. Ascent thence of the Eiserne Thor (2785 ft.), an admirable point of view, 2 hrs. (see p. 244). Near (22 M.) Leobersdorf (Adler), the barren Schneeberg is seen on the right; 1 M. to the E. is Schönau, with a fine park. Branch- lines to (461/2 M.) St. Pölten (p. 247) and to (281/2 M.) Gutenstein (see Baedeker's Eastern Alps). 26 M. Felicãorf. Near Theresienfeld (a home for invalid officers founded by Maria Theresa in 1763) are extensive fields of maize. 31 M. Wiener-Neustadt (930 ft.; Hirsch, Kreuz, Rössl), with 25,146 inhab., the birthplace of Emp. Maximilian I., was almost entirely destroyed by fire in 1834, and is now an important manu- facturing town. Tramway from the station every 1/4 hr. The Parish Church, with two lofty spires, is partly Romanesque (nave, 13th cent.) and partly Gothic (choir and transept, 14th cent.). It contains interesting sculptures (painted statues of the Apostles, 15th cent. ; *St. Sebastian, end of 16th cent.) and monuments. On the outside of the tower (S. side) is the tomb of Counts Zrinyi and Frangipani, the Hungarian insurgents, beheaded here in 1671. At the S.E. angle of the town stands the ancient ducal Castle of the Babenberg family, built in the 12th, and altered in the 15th and 18th centuries. The late-Gothic Schloss–Kapelle contains three superb stained-glass windows, that in the middle, with portraits of Max I. and his two wives, with the Baptism of Christ above, dating from 1479. On the high-altar stands an excellent bronze statue of St. George, of the 15th cent. (under which reposes Emp. Maximi- lian I.). In the court, over the entrance, are the armorial bearings (89 quarterings, many quite imaginary) of Frederick III., and his favourite motto A. E. I. O. U. (“Austria erit in orbe ultima', or ‘Austriae est imperare orbi universo'), which is also seen on many of the buildings of Neustadt; below is a statue of the Emperor. The building was converted into a military academy (400 pupils) by Maria. Theresa in 1752 and contains portraits of the Empress and eminent officers educated here. In the garden are a statue of Maria Theresa and a monument to former pupils slain in battle. 264 Route 40. GLOGGNITZ. From Vienna The late-Gothic Newklosterkirche contains the tomb of Eleanor of Portugal (d. 1467), wife of Frederick III., and a finely carved winged altar of 1447. The Monastery possesses a Library containing ancient mińiatures, and a collection of early German paintings, ivory carving, majolica, and other curiosities. In the Rathhaus are preserved many charters of the 12th cent. and a small collection of antiquities, including the Corvinus-Becher, a magnificent silver tankard, 2 ft. in height, executed in Germany in 1462 to commemorate the reconciliation of Frederick III. and Matthew Corvinus of Hungary (1462); also old codices (the Gospels of 1325), weapons, etc. (Custodian on 1st floor; fee.) From Weustadt to Oedenburg, Steinamanger, and Mohács, see R. 59. FROM NEUSTADT TO ASPANG, 22 M., rail in 11/2 hr. (from Vienna to Aspang, 54 M., in 3 hrs.). The station is on the E. side of the town. 5 M. Klein-Wolkersdorf (station for Froschdorf or Frohsdorf, once the re- sidence of Count Chambord); 8 M. Pitten, with a ruined castle; 10/2 M. Seebenstein, commanded by a noble Schloss of Prince Liechtenstein, con- taining a collection of armour (fine view); 22 M. Aspang (1556 ft. ; Aspange,' Hof; Adler). The Wechsel (5702 ft. ; 5 hrs.) is a fine point of view. From Aspang, a road leads W., by Feistritz, to (8 M.) Kirchberg on the Wechsel, where there is a grand stalactite grotto. Pleasant road through wood, by Schloss Kranichberg, a seat of the Archbishop of Vienna, to (71/2 M.) Gloggnitz (see below). To the right beyond Neustadt the Schneeberg is visible from the summit nearly to the base; to the left the Leitha Mts. Large fields of maize, and then pine-woods are passed. On the hills to the left in the distance is Schloss Seebenstein (see above). 351/2 M. St. Egy- den; 401/2 M. Neunkirchen (Hirsch), a manufacturing place. Scen- ery picturesque and varied. 421/2 M. Ternitz; 46 M. Pottschach, with manufactories. 471/2 M. Gloggnitz (1426 ft.; *Baumgartner; *Adler, etc.; Restaur. opp. the station) lies at the base of the Sem- mering. Schloss Gloggnitz on a hill, a Benedictine abbey down to 1803, now belongs to Dr. Richter. On a hill to the left (11/2 hr. to the S.W.) is the picturesque castle of Wartenstein. The *Semmering Railway, which begins at Gloggnitz, the oldest of mountain-railways, constructed in 1848–53, is remarkable alike for its engineering and its scenery. Between Gloggnitz and Mürzzu- schlag, a distance of 35.M., there are 15 tunnels and 18 viaducts. The maximum gradient is 1:40. The construction of this part of the line cost upwards of 60,000l. per English mile. The train ascends with the aid of a mountain locomotive. Schloss Gloggnitz looks imposing. In the valley flows the green Schwarzau, by which is the large paper-factory of Schlöglmühl. On the left rises the Sonnenwendstein with its three peaks; to the W. in the background the Raſcalp. The line then describes a wide circuit round the N. slope of the mountain to (55 M.) Payerbach (1512 ft. ; Mader; *Rail. Rest., with beds). To Reichenau and the Höllenthal, with ascents of the Schneeberg and the Rawalp, see Baedeker's Eastern Alps. Beyond Payerbach the train crosses the walley of Reichenau by a viaduct of thirteen arches, 249 yds. long and 80 ft. high, and then to Gratz. SEMMERING. 40. Route. 265 ascends (gradient 1: 40) the S. slope of the valley. Two short tun- nels; to the left an extensive view over the plain. Gloggnitz now lies 558 ft. below the line. The train next skirts the Gotschakogl (two tunnels). On a rocky pinnacle at stat. Klamm (2254 ft.) rises an old castle of Prince Liechtenstein, once the key of Styria, but now half destroyed. Far below runs the old Semmering road, with several manufactories and the white houses of Schottwien in a ravine. Beyond the next tunnel a picturesque retrospect of the castle of Klamm. Farther on, a fine view is obtained of the deep Adlitzgraben with its rocky sides and pinnacles. The train traverses a long gallery, with aper- tures for light, and a bridge, skirting the Weinzettelwand, and reaches stat. Breitenstein (2540 ft.). Two more tunnels. We then cross the Kalte Rinne by a viaduct 202 yds. long and 150 ft. high, and ascend in a wide sweep (fine retrospect) to the last large viaduct (166 yds. long, 79 ft. high), which spans the Untere Adlitzgraben. After three more tunnels the train stops at (74 M.) Semmering (2840 ft.), reached in 11/4-13/4 hr. from Gloggnitz. On the rocks to the right is a memorial of Karl von Ghega, the constructor of the railway. In a fine situation, 1 M. to the N., are the large *Hôtel Semmering (3280 ft.) and the Hôtel Panhans (3363 ft.). At the highest point of the high road (3216 ft.), 11/2 M. to the S. of the station, is the Erzherzog Johann Inn. — Ascent of the Sonnenwend- stein, see Baedeker's Eastern Alps. The line now avoids a farther ascent of 276 ft. by means of a tunnel, 1576 yds. in length, which penetrates the Semmering, the boundary between Austria and Styria. The middle of the tunnel is the culminating point of the line (2940 ft.), whence the train descends into the grassy Fröschnitzthal. 79 M. Spital (2520 ft. ; Schwan; Hirsch). 821/2 M. Mürzzuschlag (2200 ft.; Erzherzog Johann; *Adler; Post; Lambach, 1/9 M. from the station; *Rail. Rest., R. 1 fl. 20 kr.), on the Mürz, is a summer-resort (Kurhaus), with pleasant walks. Excursion to Newberg and Mariazell, see Baedeker's Eastern Alps. The line follows the pleasant, pine-clad valley of the Mürz, enlivened with iron-forges. 87 M. Langenwang; 90 M. Krieglach (Maurer); 91 M. Mitterdorf, with a gun-factory. To the right, at the mouth of the Veitschthal, is the château of Pitchl, with its four towers, and farther on, near Wartberg, the ruin of Lichtenegg. The train sweeps round the Wartberg-Kogel, crossing the Mürz twice, and reaches (97. M.) Kindberg (1820 ft.), with the château of Count Attems. 402 M. Marein. 106 M. Kapfenberg, at the entrance to the Thörlthal, 1/2 M. from which lies the sheltered Bad Steinerhof. 109 M. Bruck (1585 ft.; Wintersteiner, at the station; Löwe ; Adler; pop. 5788), at the confluence of the Mürz and the Mur, is the junction for St. Michael, Villach, and Udine; see Baedeker's Eastern Alps. Gothic Parish Church. Old Herzogshof with arcades and open 266 Route 40. GRATZ. From Vienna balcony, now private property. The Gloriette to the E. of the sta- tion and the Calvarienberg on the right bank of the Mur are good points of view. On a rocky hill to the N. of the station is the ruin of Landskron, once a ducal castle, burned down in 1792. The train enters the narrow valley of the Mur. At (115 M.) Per- negg (*Linde) is a large château of Herr Lipith. Near (118. M.) Miamitz (*Schartner) is an extensive stalactite cavern, called the Drachenhöhle, in the Röthelstein, 1533ft. above the village. 125 M. Frohnleiten, with forges and a hydropathic, lies on the opposite bank. To the right of the railway is Schloss Pfannberg, and on a hill to the left are the ruins of the castle of the same name. The castle of Rabenstein, recently restored, rises on a rock on the right bank. The valley expands for a short distance, and then contracts to a narrow defile, through which the line is carried along the Badel- wand by a gallery of 35 arches (400 yds. long). At (1291/9 M.) Peggau, the Schöckel is seen to the left. Opposite, at the mouth of the Uebelbach, lies Feistritz, with lead and zinc mines. The train now crosses the Mur. 132 M. Klein-Stübing, with a château of Count Palffy; 1341/2 M. Gratwein (1295 ft.; Fischer- wirth), with a large paper-mill. Near (136M.) Judendorf (*Hôt. Schreiber), on a height to the right, lies Maria-Strassengel, an ele- gant Gothic pilgrimage-church of 1355, with an open tower. The train passes the ruin of Gösting, property of Count Attems, and enters a fertile basin, where the isolated Schlossberg of Gratz rises on the left, with the capital of Styria at its base. - 141 M. Gratz. – Hotels. On the right bank of the Mur, near the suspension-bridge, 3/4 M. from the station: *ELEPHANT (Pl. as C, 5), R., L., & A. from 2 fl. : *FLORIAN (Pl. d: C, 5); *GoLDNEs Ross and SoNNà, Maria. hilf-Str. (Pl.: C, 4); "DANIEL, at the station (P1. A, 4); GoLDNER ENGEL, in the Gries ; DREI RABEN (Pl. c.; B, 5), Annenstrasse, near the station. — On the left bank: *ERZHERZog JoHANN (Pl. b : C, 5), R. 11/2-2 fl., L. 50, A. 40 kr, also a restaurant; *RIEs (Stadt Triest, P.I. f.), Jakómini-Platz; KAI- SER-KRONE (Pl. e5 D, 5), Färbergasse; *GoLDNE BIRN, Leonhard-Str. Cafés. *Europa, Herrengasse; Central, Sack-Str. 9; Nordstern, Spor- gasse; Mercur, Hauptplatz; Schuster, Karl-Ludwigsring, by the theatre, and many others. Also in the Stadtpark (afternoon concerts). — Confec- tioners (ices): Grünzweig, Sporgasse; Hasseriick, at the theatre in the Franzens-Platz; Schmidt, Herrengasse. — Restaurants (beer). *Daniel’s Bahn- Restaurant, at the station ; *Thonethof, Herrengasse; Alte Bierquelle, Bad- gasse; Stadttheater-Restaurant; Osterr.-Hof, Annen-Str. 10; Grosse Bierquelle, Paradeis-Gasse 1 ; * Weu-Graz, Realschulgasse; Bierjack!, Sackstrasse; Sand- wºrth, in the Gries. – Military music several times weekly at the Punti- gamer Bierhalle, in the Georgigasse, right bank; Steinfelder Säle, Münz- graben, left bank; Maiffredy-Bierhalle, Maiffredy-Gasse. — Wine. Admonter- hof, near the ‘Paradeis'; *Kleinoscheg (room in the old German style), Herrengasse ; Römischer König, Sporgasse 13. The best wines of Styria. are Luttenberger, Pickerer, Kerschbacher, Sandberger, and Wachtigaller. The turkeys and capons of Styria are highly esteemed. Gratz biscuits (‘Gratzer Zwieback") at Sorger’s, Mur-Platz, and Schreiber’s, Gleisdorfer-Gasse. Baths. Military Swimming Bath, above the upper suspension-bridge (Pl. C, 3; 10 kr.); Kodella, Tegetthoffgasse 11; Förster, Brandhofgasse. Military Music twice weekly, either in the Stadtpark, or on the Hilm, teich, or on the Schlossberg. . * : *- : 3:3. #|cº,º Sº - 3. s S ſ e- º - - - º - Ž º - #!/ // % T º * s gº - - º allºw - º %. - ºil//. º %), º ſº tº Y Köflacher E. § - - - ru. rºle -> __ thnhof &c. QC to Gratz. - GRATZ. 40. Route. 267 Post and Telegraph Office in the Neuthorgasse (Pl. 9; C, 2 5). Theatres. Franzensplatz. Theatre (Pl. 11; D, 4), daily; siliº Theatre (Pl. D, 5), well fitted up (operettas, etc., thrice a week). - Cabs. Two-horse 60 kr. for the first /2 hr., 1 fl. for 1 hr., 50 kr. for each additional 1/2 hr. ; one-horse 30 kr. for the first 1/4 hr., 50 kr. for the first 1/2 hr., 80 kr. for 1 hr., 20 kr, for each additional 'ſa hr. — To or from the Station: middle of the town, one-horse 70 kr., two-horse 1 fl. ; Mur suburb (right bank) 50 or 80 kr. - . Tramway (10 kr. per drive) from the principal station (Südbahnhof) to the Hauptplatz and the Jakomini-Platz, and thence to the right to the Raab Station, and to the left to the Geidorf-Platz. A branch runs through the Leonhard-Str. and the Leonhard-Str. to the Hilmteich. - Gratz (1468 ft.), the capital of Styria, with 112,774 inhab., picturesquely situated on both banks of the Mur, which is crossed by six bridges, is one of the pleasantest of the Austrian provincial capitals, and is the residence of numerous retired officers, includ- ing no fewer than sixty generals. Many handsome new streets have been constructed since the middle of the cent. (Ring-Strasse, etc.); and on the site of the old glacis is the *Stadtpark (PI. D, E, 4, Ö), charmingly laid out in the English style. The grounds are embel- lished with a a bust of Schiller by Gasser, the *Waldlilie, a bronze figure by Brandstetter, (in the W. part) the marble *Statue of Count Auersperg (Anastasius Grün, d. 1876), the poet and statesman, by Kundmann, and the *Franz-Josef-Brunnen in bronze, by Durenne of Paris. Café (p. 266), with military band twice a week. The *Schlossberg towers 348 ft. above the town. The forti- fications, constructed in the 15th cent. to protect the town against the Turks, were blown up by the French in 1809 Ascent (20 min.) . on the E. side, from the Carmeliter-Platz (Pl. D, 4): the road leads through an archway of Paulusgasse No. 1 (with the inscrip- tion ‘Am Fuss des Schlossbergs'), and passes the stately clock- tower. On the N. side the hill is ascended from the Wickenburg- gasse (P1. C., 3). The noble prospect from this height is justly cele- brated. The valley of the Mur and the populous basin, surrounded by mountains of beautiful forms, present a highly picturesque scene. To the N. the Schöckel, N.W., the Upper Styrian, S.W. the Schwanberg, and S. the Bacher Mts. In front of the Swiss house rises a Statue of General Welden (d. 1853) in bronze. On the upper plateau are a Bell Tower (Pl. C, 4) and two boards indicating the principal points in the view (Restaurant). The Cathedral (Pl. 5; D, 4, 5), a Gothic structure of 1446 (the copper roof of the tower added in 1663), has an interesting W. Portal. Observe in the interior the shrines of SS. Maxentius and Vincentius (right and left of the approach to the choir), with beau- tiful reliefs in ivory (triumph of Love, Innocence, Death, etc., from Petrarch’s ‘i trionfi'). The Mausoleum (Pl. 8), adjoining the cathe- dral, was erected for himself by Emp. Ferdinand II. (d. 1637). Opposite is a large building (Pl. 12), formerly belonging to the Jesuits, now containing the Grammar School, part of the University (including its library of 120,000 vols.), and the Priests' Seminary. 268 Route 40. GRATZ. The new buildings of the University (Anatomical - Physiological, Chemical, and Physical Institutes) are in the Harrachgasse, 1/2 M. to the N.E. — In the Rechbauer-Str. is the new Technical School. In the Franzensplatz (Pl. D, 4), in front of the Theatre (Pl. 11), rises a bronze Statue of Francis II. (Pl. 2), in the robe of the Golden Fleece, designed by Marchesi. The Parish Church (P1. D, 5), in the Herrengasse, of the 15th cent., contains a high altar-piece by Tintoretto. The Labornerkirche (Pl. A, 4), in the Mariengasse, a tasteful Gothic church, was completed in 1865. The pretty little Gothic Leehkirche (Pl. E, 4) is of the 13th cent. In the Naglergasse rises the imposing new Herz-Jesu-Kirche (Pl. F, 5), designed by Hauberrisser, in the early- Gothic style, with a tower 358 ft. high. The Landhaus (P1. D, 5), or Hall of the Estates, in the Herren- gasse, the busiest street in the town, was erected in the Renais- sance style in 1569. Interesting portal with two balconies, to the right of which is a curious painted notice, of 1588, cautioning those who enter against quarrelling or ‘drawing their daggers or bread- knives'. The first court, with the arcades and a finely-executed bronze fountain of 1590, is particularly pleasing. The interior con- tains a masterpiece of the goldsmith's art in the 16th cent. (the so- called . * Landschadenbundbecher; apply at the Obereinnehmer's office, 1st floor). The interesting Arsenal (1644), adjoining the Landhaus on the S., is kept in the same condition as it was 200 years ago, so that 8000 men might be equipped from its stores with weapons and armour of the 17th cent. (Adm. from the Landhaus ad 14 precisely; 50 kr, ; on Sun., 10-1, free.) - The HAUPTPLATZ (Pl.: C, D, 5) is adorned with a bronze “Statue of Archduke John (d. 1859), by Pönninger, erected in 1878. On the S. side of the Platz is the Rathhaus (P1. 10), built in 1807. . The Joanneum (Pl. D, 5), founded in 1811 by Archduke John for the promotion of agriculture and scientific education in Styria, contains several collections. The Natural History Museum is open gratis on Thurs. 10-12, and Sun. 10-11 o’clock. The Cabinet of Coins and Antiquities contains a rich collec- tion of coins and medals, and interesting Celtic antiquities, Roman tomb- stones, mile-stones, etc. The Botanic Garden contains a bust of the botanist Mohs (d. 1839). The Library consists of over 100,000 vols. The Picture Gallery (Pl. D, 5), Neugasse 1 (Sun. and Thurs., 11-1, free, on other days 50 kr.) contains 600 pictures. The Zinsendorf-Str. and the Schubert-Str. (tramway) lead from the Stadtpark to the (1 M.) *Hilmteich (Pl. D, 1), a popular resort. The new Hilmwarte affords a charming view. ENVIRONs. The following short excursion is recommended: Ascend the Rosenberg (1570 ft.), as far as the (1 hr.) Stoffbauer (Inn); thence ascend the (3/4 hr.) Platte (2185 ft.), an admirable point of view ; then descend to (/2 hr.) Maria-Grün (1460 ft.), go by the Kaltenbrunn Inn and the finely situated Sanatorium Mariagrün to the (1/2 hr.) Hilmteich (see above), and return to Gratz by tramway. — Other favourite points: the Rainerkogl (1645 ft. ; 1 hr.), on the left bank of the Mur, affording the best survey of Gratz; BAD GLEICHENBERG. 40. Route. 269 Andritz-Ursprung (1/2 hr.); Maria-Trost (1540 ft. : 1/2 hr.), a pilgrimage- church; château and hydropathic of Eggenberg (3/4 hr.); by the ruin of Gösting (1 hr. ; near which the Jungfernsprung rises abruptly from the Mur) to (1 hr.) Thal. — Longer excursions (Schöckel, Toblbad, Buchkogl, Schwan- berg Alps, etc.), see Baedeker's Eastern Alps. FROM GRATZ To RAAB AND STUHLWRIssENBURG (Buda-Pest), railway vià. St. Gotthard (as far as Steinamanger, p. 357, in 6 hrs.). From the sixth sta- tion, (30/2 M.) Feldbach, a diligence (80 kr.: carr. 3/2-4 fl.) runs in 14/3 hr. to (6/2 M.) Bad Gleichenberg (3-4000 visitors annually), the waters of which were known to the Romans (800,000 bottles exported annually). The broad valley in which the baths lie is laid out in pleasure - grounds, and con- tains numerous hotels (Vereinshaus; Villa Höflinger; Stadt Mailand; Stadt Venedig; Stadt Würzburg) and villas. The Constantinsquelle, a saline water, free from iron, is beneficial in pulmonary complaints. The Emma- quelle is similar. The Klausenbrunnen and Johannisbrunnen, 3 M. distant, are both chalybeate springs. On a rock, inaccessible on three sides, rises the ancient castle of Gleichenberg (1480 ft.), where witches were tried and burned in the middle ages. – To the N. is situated (2 hrs.) the conspicuous Riegersburg, 400 ft. above the Raab, a stronghold which bade defiance to re- peated attacks of the Turks. A winding path hewn in the rock ascends to the castle, which is entered by seven different gates. Superb view. 41. From Gratz to Trieste. 227 M. RAILWAY. Express trains in 9 hrs. ; ordinary trains in 14 hrs. Gratz, see p. 266. — The line traverses the fertile Gratzer Feld, on the right bank of the Mur, at some distance from the river. 4M. Puntigam; on a hill to the right rises Schloss Premstätten, the seat of Count Saurau; on the left, beyond (8 M.) Kalsdorf, is the château of Weissenegg, which contains a fine monument in marble of the late proprietress, Frau v. Pfeifer, by Joh. Benk (visitors ad- mitted). Near (15 M.) Wildon (1030 ft.) the Kainach is crossed; on the height above rise the ruins of Ober-Wildon, once the seat of the famous Tycho Brahe (restaur. ; fine view). To the right rises the vine-clad Sausal-Gebirge. Near (17 M.) Lebring opens the Lassnitz-Thal, and at (224/2 M.) Leibnitz the valley of the Sulm. On a peninsula between the Sulm and the Mur lies the Leibnitzer Feld, where numerous Roman antiquities have been found, once the site of the Roman Flavium Solvense. The archiepiscopal château of Seckau, 11/2 M. to the W. of Leib- nitz, contains a collection of Roman inscriptions. The train next crosses the Sulm and approaches the Mur. 27 M. Ehrenhausen (Gaar), on the Gamlitzbach, with the château of that name and the mausoleum of the princes of Eggenberg, both on a wooded height to the right. At Gamlitz, 11/2 M. to the W., is the interesting museum of Prof. Ferk. 281/2 M. Spielfeld, with a château of Count Attems. To RADKERSBURG, 191/2 M., branch-line in 18/4 hr., through the fertile Murthal. The little town of Radkersburg (676 ft.; 2000 inhab. 5 Kaiser v. Oesterreich; Kleinoscheg) has a fine late-Gothic church of the 15th cent. On the opposite bank of the Mur is Oberradkersburg, with the loftily situated château of Count Wurmbrand (870 ft.). On the Hungarian from- tier, 6 M. to the S.E. (omnibus from the station in 1 hr.) are the baths of Radein (656 ft. ; *Kurhaus, R. from 50 kr.), with a famous mineral Spring. Beautiful walk to (1/2 hr.) Kapellen (1004 ft.), with a fine view 270 Route 41. MARBURG. From Gratz towards Hungary. On the Stainzbach, 9 M. farther S.E., lies Luttenberg, noted for its wine. The line now enters the Windisch-Büheln, the hills between the Mur and the Drave, penetrating the watershed by the Egidi Tunnel (200 yds.). Near (36 M.) Pössnitz it crosses the Pössnitz- thal by a viaduct 718 yds. in length, pierces the Posruck by means of a tunnel (730 yds.), and descends to — 401ſ, M. Marburg (899 ft.; Stadt Wien; *Erzherzog Johann; *Mohr; *Stadt Meran; *Restaur. in the Casino), the second town in Styria, with 19,798 inhab., picturesquely situated on the left bank of the Drau, at the base of the Posruck, junction of the lines to Villach and Franzensfeste (see Baedeker's Eastern Alps). Mar- burg is the centre of the Styrian fruit and wine country, and con- tains a school for teaching their culture. - A pleasing view is obtained from the train to the right as it crosses the Drau. Traversing a broad plain, with the slopes of the Bacher-Gebirge on the right, we next reach (484/2M.) Kranichsfeld, with an old château, and (52 M.) Pragerhof (Rail. Rest.). FROM PRAGERHol. To KANIzs A, 71 M. (rail in 3 hrs.). The line traverses the broad plain of the Draw (to the right the Donatiberg, see below) towards the E., and crosses the river, near (13/2 M.) Pettau, a small town with a handsome church of the 14th cent. (containing good sculptures and wood-carving). We then follow the left bank of the Drau. Stations Moschganzen, Gross-Sonntag, Friedaw (on the Drau), Polstrau (the church of which contains a good canopy). 40 M. Csakathurn is a small town belonging to Count Festetics; the old château of Count Zrinyi is now a sugar-factory. [FROM CsAKATHURN TO AGRAM, 72 M. (rail in 7/2 hrs.). 7 M. Waras- din, a Croatian frontier-town with 10,300 inhab. on the right bank of the Drave, with an old château of Count Erdödi. From (10/2 M.) Wa- rasdin-Teplitz a diligence runs twice daily in 1/4 hr. to (5/2 M.) the fa- mous sulphur-baths of Teplitz, or Constantinsbad, the Thermae Constan- łinianae of the Romans. From (47. M.) Zabok, a branch-line diverges to the N.W. to (10/2 M.) Krapina-Teplitz (see below). 62 M. Zaprešić, junction for Steinbrück and Agram (p. 271).] The line trayerses the Mur-Insel, a fertile plain between the Mur and the Drau. Stations Kraljevecz, Kottori, where the Mur is crossed. At (61. M.) Mura Keresztúa, the line to Mohács (p. 357) diverges to the right. 71 M. Kanizsa, and thence to Budapest, see p. 353. The train enters an undulating region. Two tunnels. 61 M. Pöltschach (Hôtel Baumann, near the station; Post, in the village), at the foot of the Wotsch (3215 ft.). -- Post-omnibus daily by (91/2 M.) the Baths of Rohitsch, or Sauerbrunn- Rohitsch, a favourite watering-place, and (14 M.) Markt-Rohitsch, to (26 M.) Rrapina-Teplitz (Kurhaus), in the Hungarian county of Warasdin, a watering-place with powerful mineral springs (100-112°), efficacious in cases of gout and rheumatism. (The drive to Markt-Rohitsch takes 3, to Teplitz 6 hrs. ; rail from Teplitz to Zabok, see above.) The conical Do- natiberg (2900 ft.) is a favourite point of view (2/2 hrs. from Markt-Ro- hitsch ; near the top is the Frölich-Hütte, a refuge). The German language is now replaced by a Slavonic or Wendic dialect. The train winds through a sparsely-peopled district, inter- sected by narrow valleys, and richly wooded. Several small stations and foundries are passed. At length an extensive view of the Sann- to Trieste. CILLI. 41. Route. 271 thal, a hilly, populous, and undulating plain, bounded by the Sann- thal Alps, is suddenly disclosed. 821/2 M. Cilli (790 ft. ; Elephant; *Erzherzog Johann; Krone; Löwe), a pleasant old town on the Sann (6228 inhab.), founded by Emp. Claudius (Claudia Celeja), attracts visitors by the pictur- esqueness of its environs and its river-baths (in summer 75-85% Fahr.). The Museum contains interesting Roman antiquities found in the vicinity. On the right bank of the Sann is the Town Park, prettily laid out. The (1/4 hr.) Josefiberg (985 ft.) commands a charm- ing view, and the (3/4 hr.) Laisberg (1545 ft.) is a still finer point. On the wooded Schlossberg stands the ruin of Obercilli (1350 ft. ; 1 hr.). Pleasant excursions from Cilli by Hohenegg and Schloss Sternstein to (4 hrs.) Gonobitz, with famous vineyards; by Sternstein to (4 hrs.) Weiten- stein; through the Sannthal to (2 hrs.) Deutschenthal, with its large pot- teries; ascent of the (2 hrs.) Dostberg (2750 ft.), a fine point of view. The Baths of Neuhaus (1210 ft. ; * Kurhaus), frequented chiefly by ladies, lie 10/2 M. to the N.W. of Cilli, on the spurs of the Sannthal Alps (diligence twice daily in 2 hrs.). Thermal water, almost free from mineral ingredients, 117°Fahr. Charming environs, and beautiful walks in every direction, particularly to the (3/4 hr.) ruined Schlangenburg (1660 ft.), with an extensive view. The train crosses the Sann twice, and enters the narrow wood- ed ravine of that stream. 89 M. Markt – Tüffer (930 ft.), with the Franz-Josefs-Bad (1200 patients annually) and a ruined castle. 94 M. Römerbad (690 ft.). The baths of that name, Slav. Teplitza (‘warm bath'; 97°), which are proved by inscriptions to have been known to the Romans, beautifully situated on the opposite bank of the Sann, have a good Kurhaws, etc. The baths are open winter and Summer. Among the inns are the * Post, at the station, and the *Alte Post, 7 min. distant, near the baths. Beyond Ratschach, 2 M. below Steinbrück, is the château of Weichselstein, rising above the Save, with a park containing rare pines (carr. from Rö- merbad in 11/4 hr., 5 fl.). Another excursion is through the Gramnitzthal (a side-valley of the Sann, with grand dolomite rocks) to Gairach, with its ruined monastery (12 M. from Römerbad; carr. in 2 hrs., 7 fl.). 971/2 M. Steinbrück (*Rail. Rest.) is a thriving village on the Save or Saw, which here falls into the Sann. FROM STEINBRöCK TO AGRAM, 47 M. (rail in 21/2 hrs.). Stations Lichtenwald, Reichenburg, Videm-Gurkfeld, Rann, and Zaprešić (to Warasdin. and Csakathurn, see p. 270). Agram, and thence to Sissek and Karlstadt (Fiume), see p. 35i. The train follows the ravine of the Save, bounded by lofty lime- stone cliffs, 103 M. Hrastnigg; 106 M. Trifail, with one of the largest coal-mines in Austria (yielding about 300,000 tons annu- ally). The coal is excavated in large open quarries, where the huge seam, 65–80 ft. thick, doubled and trebledº at places by dislocations, rises in cliffs of quite imposing appearance. 109 M. Sagor, the first place in Carniola; 114 M. Sava. The valley expands. At (118.M.) Littai the Save is crossed. Scenery still picturesque. 122 M. Kressnitz; 1271/2 M. Laase. At the influx of the Laibach into the Save, the line enters the 272 Route 41. ABBAZIA. - From Gratz valley of the former. To the N.W. rise the Julian Alps; in clear weather the Terglow is visible. 432 M. Salloch. 137M. Laibach (940 ft.; *Stadt Wien; Europa; Elephant; Süd– deutscher Hof, Bair. Hof, both near the station; *Rail. Rest.), Slav, Ljubljana, on the Laibach, the capital of Carniola, with 30,505 inhab. (chiefly Slavs), lies in an extensive plain enclosed by a succession of hills rising in terraces. The old Castle, now a prison, which commands the town, affords a superb view. The Cathedral, in the Italian style, is decorated with stucco mouldings and frescoes of the 18th cent. ; in the school-house near it is the Landes-Museum, containing natural history and other collections (relics from lake- dwellings in the vicinity). The name of Laibach is familiar from the Congress held here in 1821 to deal with the Neapolitan Re- volution. For farther details, excursions, and railway to Villach, see Baedeker's Eastern Alps. The line traverses the marshy Laibacher Moos by means of an embankment, 11/2 M. long, and crosses the Laibach, which becomes navigable here, though hardly 3 M. below its source in the rocks near Oberlaibach. Near (151 M.) Franzdorf a lofty viaduct carries us into a more mountainous district. 160 M. Loitsch (1555 ft. ; Post), 21 M. to the N.W. of which are the rich quicksilver-mines of Idria. 168 M. Rakek; 31/2 M. to the S.E. lies the Zirknitzer See, well stocked with fish. 176 M. Adelsberg (1798 ft.; *Hôtel Adelsberg), Slav. Postójna, a summer-resort of the Triesters. The famous *STALACTITE CAvRRNs, known in the middle ages, and accidentally re-discovered in 1818, lie 3/4 M. to the W. of Adelsberg. In summer (1st May to 80th Sept.) they are illuminated with electric light daily at 10 a.m. (adm. 21/2 fl., no other fees), but may also be seen at any other hour (fees fixed by tariff). A visit to the caverns takes 2-21/2 hrs. ; total length 2/2 M. ; temperature 48° Fahr. For fuller particulars, see Baedeker’s Eastern Alps. - The train runs through the valley of the Poik to Prestranek and (184 M.) St. Peter (*Südbahn-Hôtel; Rail. Rest.). FROM ST. PETER TO FIUME, 351/2 M., railway in 2-3 hrs. — The line traverses the undulating district of the Karst (see below). At (10 M.) Dornegg-Feistritz, which is overlooked by the ruins of a castle, the Feistritz (Bystrica) issues from the hill in a copious stream, which is immediately used to drive several mills. 191/2 M. Sapiane (1400); 26 M. Jurdani, with a large cave. 281/2 M. Matuglie-Abbazia (690), the station for (2i/2 M.) Abbazia (carr. with one horse 21/2, with two horses 4 fl. ; hotel-omn. 1 fl. 20 kr.). Abbazia (*Hôtel Stephanie, *Hôtel Quarnero, both belonging to the Southern Railway, with restaurant and café; *Quisisana; Slatina, cheaper; Pensions Meyne, Hausner, etc.), in a splendidly sheltered situation, with woods of evergreen laurel, has recently become a favourite summer and winter resort. Near it is the old abbey of S. Giacomo della Priluca. Ex- cursions may be made vià Volosca to Fiume (carr. in 1 hr., with one horse 3, with two horses 6 fl. ; steamboat daily in 11/2 hr.); to the cave of Jur- dani (see above); to the S., by the picturesque coast-road along the Liburnian Riviera, and past Ichsichi and Ika to the charmingly situated (4!/2. M.) Lovrana. — The Monte Maggiore (4580 ft.) is also a delightful object for an excursion (5 hrs.). We follow the old road to Trieste as far as the (10 M.) Stefanie-Schutzhaus (3115 ft. ; Inn), on the Poklon Saddle, then turn to the left and ascend to the (11/2 hr.) summit, whence we have an extensive and beautiful view. to Trieste. ST. CANZIAN. 41. Route. 273 From Matuglie (above, to the left, is the small town of Castua, once capital of Liburnia) the line descends towards the sea, affording a fine view of the Gulf of Quarnero, with the islands of Veglia and Cherso. 351/2 M. Fiume, see p. 355. - We now traverse a dreary, rock-strewn plain, called the Karst (Ital. Carso, Slav. Kras), extending from Fiume to Gorizia, inter- sected by many gullies, and pierced with curious funnel-shaped apertures. The bleak N.E. wind (Bora) often sweeps across this region with great violence. Several tunnels. 191 M. Leseee, F- 1981/2 M. Divača (1430 ft. ; *Rail. Rest., with rooms; *Mahoréić). The *Kronprinz-Rudolf-Grotto, 1 M. from the station, 660 yds. long, contains superb, snow-white stalactites (adm. 50 kr.; light extra). The “Gataracts and Gaverms of St. Ganzian, 2 M. to the S.E., are ex- ceedingly grand and interesting. The visit takes about 3 hrs. ; tickets and guides at Gombad's Inn at Matavun, 1/2 M. S. of St. Canzian (adm. 30 kr. ; guide 20 kr. per hour, for a party 10 kr. each per hour; torches, magne- sium-wire, etc. at fixed charges). The Reka winds through the Kleine Doline (“funnel'), amidst a wonderful rock-labyrinth, forms a waterfall in the Grosse Doline with its little lake, disappears, and at last emerges into daylight, 19 M. away, as the Timavo, near Aquileia. The finest points are the Mahorbiö Grotto, the Tomasini Bridge, the Guttenberg Hall and Schröder- Gang, the Oblasser-Warte (reached by a natural shaft amid roaring ca- taracts), the Tomínz-Grotto, the Maler-Grotto, the Böse Wand, the grand Schmidl-Grotto, (and thence underground to) the Rudolf-Dom, and by the Valvasor-Wand and Bridge to the lofty Müller-Dom. Superb survey of this extraordinary scene from the Stefanie-Warte (525 ft. above the Reka, Lake). — Matavun is 2 M. from Divača (carriages dear). From Trieste to Mata- vun, by Corgnale (with a large grotto), a drive of 21/2 hrs. FROM DIVAöA To Po,A, 761/2 M. (rail in 31/2-5 hrs.). 8 M. Herpelje- Kozina (1703 ft. ; Rail. Rest.), #º for Trieste (p.277). Bleak stony region. To the left the Slavnik (3376 ft.). We traverse the bleak plain of the Cićen, inhabited by poor charcoal-burners. 13 M. Podgorje; 191/2 M. Raki- tović; 22/2 M. Pinguente, with superb view over the whole of Istria (far below, in the valley of the Quieto, on a wall-girt rock, stands the village of Quieto, with its Romanesque church of the 14th cent.). Skirting a steep Slope, we descend to (26 M.) Rozzo and (31 M.) Lupoglava. Fine view of the Monte Maggiore, the lake of Cepić, and the island of Cherso. Long curves and a tunnel carry us down to the valley of the Foiba and to Borutto, Cerovglie, and (45/2 M.) Pisino, Ger. Mitterburg (850 ft.; Inn), the capital of Istria (14,972 inh.), grandly situated on the Foiba, which here disappears in an abyss. Then (571/2 M.) Canfanaro (junction for Rovigno, 1 hr. ; p. 278), and past St. Vincenti, on the left, to (62 M.) Zabronich, (681/2 M.) Dignano, and (76!/2 M.) Pola (p. 278). Beyond (204 M.) Sessana (1627 ft.) the train descends to (242. M.) Prosecco, noted for its wine, and (216 M.) Nabresina (Rail. Rest. & Hôt. Böswirth), where the line to Venice by Udine diverges (see Baedeker's Northern Italy), and affords a magnificent *View of the blue Adriatic, Trieste, and the Istrian coast. The slopes are planted with olives, fig-trees, and trellised vines. 224 M. Grignano, the last station, is not more than 11/2 M. below Prosecco in a straight direction. On the Punta di Grignano, which here pro- jects into the sea, stands the handsome château of Miramar (p. 277). Trieste. — Arrival. The Südbahn Station (Pl. B, C, 2) lies to the N. of the town, 'ſz M. from its centre. Hötel - Omnibuses 20-30 kr.: Cab 50, with two horses 75 kr. (from 9 p.m. to 6 a.m. 80 or 1 fl. 20 kr.); trunk 10-15 kr. The Riva Line connects the Südbahn with the S. Andrea Station (Pl. B, 7) of the Trieste, Herpelje, and Pola Railway (see p. 277). BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. 48 274 Route 41. TRIESTE. - Bath.S. Hotels. *HôTEL DE LA VILLE (Pl. a 3 C, 4), Riva Carciotti 3, on the quay, R. 1/2-5 fl. ; *HôTEL DELORME (Pl. b3 C, 4), Via al Teatro 2, oppo- site the Exchange, R. 11/2-2 fl., L. & A. 60 kr.; EUROPA (Pl. c.; C, 3), Piazza della Caserma, "ſ4 M. from the station, R. 1 fl. 70, L. & A. 40 kr.: AQUILA NERA (P1. d: C, 4), Via S. Spiridione 2: STADT WIEN (Città di Vienna), Via S. Niccolò 20; *ZUM GUTEN HIRTEN (Al Buon Pastore), Via S. Niccolò 20. — “HôTEL GARNI, Piazza Grande 5, with baths, R. 1-3 fl. — The Sardine, Branzino, Tonnina, and Barbone are good sea-fish. Prosecco is a half-effervescing wine like Asti; Refosco, a dark sweet wine; the ordinary wines are Terrano and Istriano, usually drunk with water. Cafés. Tergesteo and Teatro, in the Tergesteo, Piazza del Teatro. Al Municipio and Degli Specchi, Piazza Grande: Oriental, in the Lloyd office, opposite the Tergesteo; Al Vecchio Tommaso, by the Hôtel de la Ville. — Restaurants. Grand Restaur. Central, Via S. Niccolò 5; Steinfeld, Piazza della Borsa 12; *Pilsner Bierhalle. Via Caserma, opposite the Post Office; Al Buon Pastore, Via S. Niccolò 20; Pilsen, Via Commerciale 5; Alf- Pilsenetz, Via S. Spiridiome 2 and Via S. Niccolò ; Belvedere, in the old town, below the castle (approached by the Vicolo S. Chiara), with good view from the garden. — Osterie in the Italian style: All" Adriatico, Via di Vienna; Bissaldi, on the Canal Grande. Cabs. To or from the station, see above. Per 1/4 hr., one-horse 30, two-horse 45 kr., ſ2 hr. 50 or 80 kr., 3/4 hr. 75 or 1 fl. 10 kr., 1 hr. 1 fl. •or 1 fl. 40 kr., each additional /4 hr. 20 or 30 kr., at night (9–6) 10 kr. more per '/4 hr. ; luggage 15 kr. — Boats 1-1/2 fl. ‘per ora’. Tramway from the station, past the quay and the Tergesteo, and through the Corso and the Corsia Stadion, to the Giardino Pubblico, the Boschetto, the Campo Marzo, and along the Molo to the Bagno Fontana and the Lloyd Arsenal; also to the N. by Barcola to Miramar (p. 277). Porters. Luggage not exceeding 110 lbs., within the city, 20 kr. Steamboats to Muggia, Capodistria, and Pirano several times daily; small Steamers to Parenzo, Rovigno, and Pola daily. Steamboats of the Austrian Lloyd to Venice thrice, to Istria and Dalmatia thrice, to Fiume twice weekly; to Greece, Constantinople and the Levant once weekly. Post Office (PI. 12; C, D, 3), Via Caserma. — Telegraph Office (Pl. 13; E, 1), Via della Dogana. - Baths. Warm Baths at Oesterreicher's, Via Lazzaretto Vecchio 7, near the Artillery Arsenal, and at the Hôtel de la Ville, the Hôtel Garni, etc. — Vapour Baths at Rikli’s, on the way to the Boschetto. — Sea-baths at the *Bagno Fontana, Molo S. Teresa ; Bagno Buchler, opposite the Hôtel de la Ville; Bagno Eaccelsior, at Barcola (p. 277); Military Swimming Bath, below the lighthouse, to the left. Ferry to or from the baths 3 kr. (a single person 6 kr.); small steamer from the Lloyd Offices to Barcola - hourly (40 kr., incl. bath); tramway from the station every 5 min. Theatres. Teatro Comunale (P1. C, 4), opposite the Tergesteo; Teatro Filodrammatico (Pl. D, 4), French and German plays sometimes; Armonia (P1. D, 4), dramas and operas; Politeama Rossetti (Pl. E., 8) ; Fenice. - American Consul, Mr. J. F. Hartigan, Riva Grumula 1. British Vice- Consul, Mr. Cautley, Via Nuova 8. – English Church Service in the Via S. Michele at 11 a.m. and 6 p.m. .- - Trieste, the Tergeste of the Romans, and the chief seaport of Austria, with 121,976 inhab. (incl. the suburbs and environs 157,648), lies at the N.E. end of the Adriatic. It was made a free harbour by Emp. Charles VI. in 1719. About 14,000 vessels, in- cluding 5000 steamers, of an aggregate burden of 24/4 million tons, enter and clear the harbour annually. The annual value of the imports is about 145, that of the exports 117 million florins. 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Route. 275 The business of the town centres in the Harbour, which has been greatly enlarged and improved of late years at a cost of 14/2 million florins. From the New Harbour near the railway-station, which is sheltered by a huge breakwater, the Old Roads, with several moles, stretch southwards to the Molo S. Teresa (Pl. A, 5, 6), on which stands a Lighthouse (Fanale Marittimo), 108 ft. high. On the Riva dei Pescatori, to the N., is the Health Office (Sanità ; Pl. B, 5). Adjacent, on the Piazza Grande (see below), are the hand- some new offices, built by Ferstel, of the “Austrian Lloyd', a steam- boat-company established in 1833. Farther N., between the Molo del Sale and the busy Molo S. Carlo, is the mouth of the Canal Grande (P1. C, 4), completed in 1756, which penetrates into the new town or Theresienstadt (366 yds. long, 56 ft. deep) and is always filled with shipping. At the E. end of the canal rises the church of S. Antonio Nuovo (Pl. 4), erected by Nobile in 1830 in the Greek style. On the Riva Carciotti, to the S. of the Canal Grande, is the Greek Church (S. Niccolò dei Greci, P.I. 6; C, 4), sumptuously fitted up. A few paces from the harbour, opposite the Teatro Comunale, is the Tergesteo (P1. C, 4), an extensive block of buildings, con- taining a cruciform arcade roofed with glass, which with the ad- joining rooms is used as an Exchange. y Near the Tergesteo are the two busiest squares in Trieste, the PIAZZA DELLA BoESA and the PIAZZA GRANDE. The Piazza della Borsa (P1. C, 4), with the handsome Old Exchange (now Chamber of Commerce), is embellished with a Group of Neptune, in marble, and a Statue of Leopold I., erected in 1660. In the Piazza Grande (P1. C, 4) are the new Municipio, the Maria Theresa Fountain, erected in 1754, and a Statue of Emp. Charles VI. The CoRso (Pl. C, D, 4), the principal street of Trieste, which leads E. from the Piazza della Borsa, separates the New Town, with its broad and handsome streets, from the Old Town. The latter, nestling round the castle-hill, consists of narrow, steep streets, some of which are inaccessible to carriages. On the way from the Piazza Grande to the cathedral, to the left, is situated the Jesuits' Church (S. Maria Maggiore; Pl. 5, C, 5), containing a large modern fresco by Sante. To the W., a few paces higher up, is the Piazzetta di Riccardo, named after Richard Coeur de Lion, who is said to have been imprisoned here after his return from Palestine(?). The Arco di Riccardo (Pl. C, 5) is 'believed by some to be a Roman triumphal arch, but probably be-, longed to an aqueduct. Ascending the Via della Cattedrale, we soon reach on the right the entrance to the Museo Lapidario (Pl. 9; B, 5; custodian op- posite, to the left, No. 16, fee 30 kr.), an open-air collection of Roman antiquities, in a disused burial-ground. The fragments placed on the upper terrace were found at Trieste, those 48% 276 Route 41. TRIESTE. Cathedral. on the lower at Aquileia. Winckelmanº, the famous German archaeologist, who was murdered at Trieste in 1768, is buried here. A small temple contains a Monument to him, erected in 1882, with an allegorical relief, and a genius with a medallion-portrait above; on each side are fragments of an Amazonian sarcophagus. At the lower end is the ‘Glyptothek’, containing an inscription from the pedestal of Fabius Severus, a decurio of Trieste, and heads and other fragments of statues. The loftily-situated Cathedral of S. Giusto (Pl. 3; D, 5) occupies the site of an ancient Roman temple, part of the foundations and some of the columns of which are still visible by the tower. The present building was formed in the 14th cent. by the union of three contiguous edifices of the 6th cent., an early-Christian basilica, a baptistery, and a small Byzantine church with a dome. The façade is adorned with busts of three bishops in bronze. To the right and left of the portal are six busts in relief from Roman tombs. The interior is to a great extent whitewashed. In the altar-recess on the right is Christ between SS. Justus and Servatius. In that to the left is the Madonna between Gabriel and Michael, with the Apostles below (7th cent.). Some of the capitals are antique, others R0– manesque. Beneath a stone slab in front of the church is interred Fouché, Duc d'Otranto, Napoleon’s powerful minister of police (d. at Trieste in 1820). The projecting terrace commands a fine View of the town and the sea. in the PIAZZA LIPSIA, which is laid out in promenades, is the Nautical Academy (P1.8; B, 5), on the second floor of which is the Ferdinand–Maximilian-Museum, containing a complete collection of the fauna of the Adriatic (Wed, and Sat. 10–1, Sun. 11-1). On the opposite side of the court, also on the second floor, is the Municipal Museum (daily 9–1; fee 30 kr.), which contains terra- Cottas, vases, bronzes, and other small antiquities, chiefly from Aquileia and Rudiae, Egyptian and Cyprian relics, coins and me- dals, weapons, and objects relating to Trieste. At the corner of the Via della Sanità and the Piazza Giuseppina is the Palazzo Revoltella (Pl. 10; B, 5), handsomely fitted up and embellished with pictures and sculptures, which was bequeathed to the town by Baron Revoltella, together with a sum of money for its maintenance (adm. daily, 11–2). The PIAzzA GIUSEPPINA is embellished with a *Monwment to Emp. Macimilian of Mexico (d. 1867), in bronze, by Schilling, erected in 1875. The unfortunate prince, who was a rear-admiral in the Austrian navy, resided at Trieste before he undertook his ill-starred expedition to Mexico. The Passeggio di S. Andrea (Pl. A, E, 7), an avenue 3 M. long, skirting the coast and commanding a series of fine views, leads on the E. side of the town, past the Villa Murat, the Lloyd Arsenal, and the Gas – Works, to Servāla. The extensive * Wharves of the Lloyd Co. (Pl. C, D, 7), opposite Servola, may be visited daily, except Sat. and Sun., 9–11 and 2-4 (tickets obtained at the new Lloyd Palace; guide 50 kr.). — On the road to Zaule, famous for its oyster-beds, are the handsome Cemeteries. Eaccursions. TRIESTE, 41. Route, 277 A favourite resort is the Boschetto to the E. of the town, reach- ed by the tramway (10 kr.) through the Corso and the Corsia Stadion, passing the shady Giardino Pubblico (Pl. E, 2). Shady walks ascend hence to (1/2 hr.) the Villa Ferdinandea (Restaurant al Cacciatore), on a plateau 755 ft. above the sea. Adjacent is the Villa Revoltella, now the property of the town, with park and chapel, commanding a charming view of town, sea, and coast. Excursions. A very pleasant excursion (railway see p. 273; trains stop if desired, and then 10 min. walk; tram, see p. 274; carr. and pair 3 fl., boat 3 fl.) may be made to the château of *Miramar, formerly the property of Emp. Maximilian of Mexico (see above), charmingly situated near Grignano (p. 273), 5 M. to the N.W. of Trieste, and commanding a fine view of Trieste, the sea, and the coast. The beautiful park is always open to the public. The sumptuously-furnished château is shown to visitors (Sundays excepted) on application to the steward. Outside the entrance to the garden, on the right, is a ‘museum’ of Greek and Roman anti- quities. Good sea-baths at Barcola (Restaurant), halfway between Trieste and the château (steamboat, see p. 274). Other excursions may be taken to (3 M.) Obéina (1035 ft. ; *Hôtel all’ Obelisco), with a beautiful view of the town and the sea; to Servola (see above); to St. Canzian (drive of 21/2 hrs., by Corgnale; see p. 273), etc. — A very interesting excursion for a whole day (start early) is by steamer (p. 274) to Muggia; over the hill on foot (beautiful view from the top) to S. Wicolò (1 hr.), thence by boat (40 kr.) to Capodistria (*Albergo al Vaporetto; Caffè in the principal piazza), an ancient town (8646 inhab.), the Roman Justinopolis, on an island now connected with the mainland. The chief objects of interest are the Cathedral, the Palazzo Pubblico, on the site of a temple of Cybele, and the extensive Salt Works. We now skirt, the shore, passing Semedella, to (3 M.) Isola (good Refosco wine; p. 274) and (4!/2. M.) Pirano, and return to Trieste by steamer in the evening. — About 2 M. from Pirano lies the sea-bathing place of S. Lorenzo, in an extensive park. FROM TRIESTE To HERPELJE AND Poſ, A, 85 M. (rail in 4/4 hrs., from the S. Andrea Station; p. 273, Pl. B, 7). Beyond the Lloyd Arsenal (see above), the line quits the sea and mounts in many windings, affording Splendid views, to Rizmanje, (8 M.) Borst, and the Karst plateau, which we reach at (12/2 M.) Draga. From (17 M.) Herpelje-Kozina to (85 M.) Pola, see p. 273. - 42. From Trieste to Pola and Fiume. STEAMERS of the Austrian-Hungarian Lloyd to Pola three times weekly in 6-8 hrs. (fares 3 fl. 15, 2 fl. 10, 4 fl. 5 kr.: berth 35 kr.); from Pola to Fºume once weekly in 11 hrs. (4 fl. 10, 2 fl. 90, 1 fl. 20; berth 40 kr.). Césare & Dannecker's steamers to Pola daily in 51/4-71/4 hrs. (fare 1 fl. or 50 kr.); Sverifuga & Co.'s steamers from Pola to Fiume three times weekly. - From Trieste direct to Fiume by the Austrian-Hungarian Lloyd steam- ers once or twice weekly in 131/2 hrs. (6 fl. 35, 4 fl. 40, 1 fl. 95; berth 50 kr, ; good restaurants on board, dinner 1/2, supper 1 ff.). — RAILWAY by Herpelje to Pola (in 41/2 hrs.), see above; by Divača (in 51/2 hrs.), see p. 273; by St. Peter to Fiume (in 41/2-5 hrs.), see p. 272. The steamer skirts the hilly, olive-clad coast of Istria. In a bay to the S.E., in the distance, lies Capodistria (see above), with its large prison. On a prominent hill is seen the church of Pirano, supported by arches; the town (*Inn; 12,319 inhab.), with its salt-works, lies Picturesquely in a bay, with the towers and pinnacles of an old fort- ress peeping from among olive-groves. We next observe in suc- . 278 Route 42. POLA. cession the lighthouse of Salvore, Umago, the lofty Buje (“la spia dell’Istria'), the château of Daila (seat of Count Grisoni), Citta- nuova (on the site of the ancient Noventium), Parenzo (once the first station of the Crusaders, with a curious cathedral of 961), the deserted monastery of S. Niccolò and a watch-tower on an island, Orsera, and the Canal di Leme, an arm of the sea 71/2 M. long. In the distance to the E. rises Monte Maggiore (4580 ft.; p. 272). Usu- ally about noon the steamer reaches Rovigno (Albergo), the ancient Arupenum or Rubinum, a thriving place with 9526 inhab., busied in ship-building, the sardine-fishery, the timber-trade, and in the culture of the olive and the wine. The wine of Rovigno is the best in Istria. The Cathedral of St. Euphemia is interesting. The tower, a copy of the campanile of Venice, is crowned with a bronze vane in the form of a figure of the saint. To the N., in the bay of S. Pelagio, is a large Marine Hospice for children, opened in 1888. On the island of S. Andrea, to the W., is a cement-factory. — Railway to Canfanaro, see p. 273. 2 - Nearing Fasana, we observe on the right the hills of the Brio- nian Islands, separated from the Istrian coast by the narrow Cunale di Fasana. The Genoese defeated the fleet of Venice here in 1379. These islands yielded the Venetians stone for their palaces and bridges; in S. Girolamo, the southernmost, a huge quarry stretch- ing across the whole island is still conspicuous. Beyond this strait Pola comes in sight. Two fortified towers, one on Capo Compare to the right, and the other on the Punta del Cristo to the left, defend the Canale di Pola and the harbour, which has become important since the headquarters of the Austrian navy were transferred from Venice to Pola. Pola. — Hotels: *AUSTRIA, Via Giulia, by the triumphal arch, R. from 1 fl. ; *EUROPA, on the quay; both with restaurants. CITT D1 PoEA, second-class. – Hotels Garnis: Riboli, Corsia della Riva; Pavanello, Piazza dei Comizi; both near the quay. German spoken, as well as Italian. Restaurants: “Lloyd, on the quay; Stadt Budweis, near the Hôtel Austria; Angelo, Via Nettuno; “Silberegger's Bierhalle, Piazza Dante Ali- ghieri; Zum Josef, near the Arena (Pl.: C, 2), with garden; Grazer Bier- halle, by the theatre. Italian: Thrattoria ai ire Amici, Via Sergia; Al Tem- pio d’Augusto, by the Temple of Augustus (P1. B., Å). Ordinary dishes, minestra, a kind of Soup; 'iso con ostriche, rice with oysters; frittura, allesso, and arrosto, fried, boiled, and roast meat; umżdż, stew; braccióla. di vitello, veal-cutlet; testina di vitello, calves' head; pollo, fowl; dindietta, turkey; selvatäco, game; cavölfiori, cauliflower; dolce, pudding. - Cafés: “Miramare, newspapers; Pavanello; both on the quay; Café Grande, by the Municipio; Europa, at the hotel of that name. Gabs: In the town, with one horse, 1/4 hr. 30, 1/2 hr. 50, 3/4 hr. 75 kr., 1 hr. 1 fl., each 174 hr. more 20 kr.; with two horses 40, 75 kr., 1 fl., 1 fl. 30, and 30 kr. respectively. . To the ‘Jäger 50 or 70 kr. ; Bosco Sianna 70 kr. or 1 fl., there and back 1 fl. 30 or 1 fl. 80; to Punta Cristo 1 fl. 75 or 2 fl. 10 kr. — At night (9-6, in winter 8-7) 15 or 20 kr, more for each drive. Trunk 10 kr. — Omnibus from the Railway Station (p. 273), past the Arsenal, to the Piazza Portaurea. Post and Telegraph Offices, Piazza Dante Alighieri (P1. C, 4). Pola, a considerable sea-port, with 38,870 inhab., became a | CoutamaroA|B ſonº：øb b orģo， de iſſa, ^ ■ ~№ta zi oyu.cº.∞ GeogĒĒĒArmstałtvom. POLA. 42. Route. 279 Roman colony after the conquest of Istria by the Romans in B. C. 178, and attained great prosperity under Augustus and his successors. As a war-harbour it was known as Pietas Julia. In 1148 Pola was taken by the Republic of Venice. During their contests for suprem- acy, the Venetians and the Genoese repeatedly destroyed the place, particularly in 1379, since when it remained little more than a ruin until recently. - - Several superb Roman buildings still exist. The Temple of Au- gustus and the Arena are enclosed by a railing. Keys at the Munici- pio (Pl. B, 4), where the service of a custodian may be obtained (fee). The *Temple of Augustus and Roma (B.B. 19), adjoining the Municipio, 27 ft. high, 51 ft. broad, with a portico of six Corin- thian columns 23 ft. high, and a frieze with admirable ornamenta- tion, is in excellent preservation. The inscription is gathered from the holes made by the nails which once secured the metal letters to the wall: Romae et Augusto Caesari Divi F(ilio) Patri Patriae. The temple contains a small collection of Roman antiquities, particularly architectural fragments and inscription 3. Another Temple, of which the back only remains, is supposed to be that of Diana, but more probably of Roma. Its site is enclosed by the Municipio, dating from 1300. A bust has been erected here to L. Carrara (d. 1854), a preserver of the antiquities. Beyond the market-place, to the S.E., at the end of the long Via Sergia, the main street, rises the Porta Awrea, an elegant, richly decorated triumphal arch in the Corinthian style, 21 ft. in height, erected according to the inscription by the family of the Sergii who resided at Pola. To the right, at some distance, stood the ancient Theatre, now recognisable only by a semicircular cutting in the hill. The whole of this neighbourhood is now covered with new houses. To the right, further on, are the large ‘Marine Casino', with a well- Supplied reading-room and a pleasant garden (introduction by an officer), and the *Monte Zaro (Pl. D, 5), on which lie the Hydro- graphic Office and the Observatory. On the W. side, towards the Sea, are pleasure-grounds, embellished with a *Statue of Admiral Tegetthoff, by Kundmann (1877), and commanding a beautiful view of the harbour and the town. In the ancient town-wall, which ascends the hill to the left of the Porta Aurea, excavations made since 1845 have brought to light two gateways on the E. side, the Porta Erculea, the name of which is indicated by the head and the club adjoining the keystone, and the Porta Gemina, probably erected about A. D. 150, the en- trance to the ancient Roman Capitol. The site of the latter is now occupied by the Castle (PI. C., 3, 4), built by the Venetians in the 17th cent, under Emp, Francis. (Visitors not always admitted. The view from the grounds a little below it is nearly the same as from the Castle.) The excavations are still leading to the discovery of interesting buildings, mosaics, etc. To the S. of the castle is 280 Route 42. POLA. the monastery of S. Francesco (Pl. B, C, 4), erected in the 18th cent., now a military magazine. Fine cloisters. Romanesque W. Portal, with tasteful shell-ornamentation. The street running to the N. from the Porta Germina leads to the *Arena (P1. C, 2), constructed in the time of the Antonines (A. D. 150), 79 ft. in height, 345 ft. in diameter (with room for 15,000 spectators). The enclosure, which is in excellent preser- vation, consists of two rows of arches (72 in all), one above the other, each 19 ft. high, while a third story contains square window- openings. - - Four gateways, preceded by a kind of jutting story, the object of which is not clear, lead into the interior from the four points of the compass. The interior is in a chaotic condition, most of the steps having been removed to Venice as material for palaces (whereas in Verona the interior of the amphitheatre has been preserved, and little of the external enclosure remains). In the centre, however, the arrangements of the Naumachia are still traceable. The ground is now overgrown with thistles, creepers, and fragrant herbs. The view from the top (where an echo may be awakened) through the lofty arches embracing the sea, with its islands and promontories, and the green olive-clad hills, is strikingly beautiful. - - On our way back we may visit the Cathedral (P1, B, 3), built in the 15th cent. and containing several antique columns (under- going restoration). Along the quay run rails connecting the Station (Pl. A, 1) on the N. side of the town, with the Naval Arsenal (see below). - To the S.W. of the Monte Zaro lies the beautiful Maazimilians- Park (P1. C, D, 6), adorned with a Monument of Ferdinand Mawi- milian, consisting of a column with a relief of the archduke (p. 276), and ships' prows, and a goddess of fame above. Near this are several buildings connected with the dockyard (School, Barracks, Hospital, Prison). To the W., on the quay, is the imperial Naval Arsenal (Pl. C, 5, 6; shown by permission of the commanding officer only). A museum in the Artillery Office contains interesting ship-models, trophies, weapons, etc. — The wharves and docks are on the Olive Island, between the naval and the commercial harbour. r A favourite resort is the Bosco Sianna or Kaiserwald, an oak- grove 2 M. from the town, on the road to Altura. (On the ‘Kaiser- wiese’ a pavilion and restaurant.) On its way to Fiume the steamer rounds the S. point of the Istrian peninsula, leaves the islands of Cherso and Veglia on the right, and steers to the N. through the Canale di Farasina into the broad Bay of Quarnero. To the left rises the Monte Maggiore, with the hotels of Abbazia at its base (p. 272). To the E. on the horizon rise the Croatian Mts., conspicuous among which is the Kapella range (p. 355). - - Fiume, see p. 355. A R llion so Ido P R A c. 1:20.300 200 300 4.00 00 600 700 Meter. tº - | | | | | | | | ==l ſºnſ ºf - º *::: ----- º as a ---- a eiter-Kolonie ºs | º, Schönborºu: ** \ºme" ºf -- Victonia: | Seminar- * carten - -- - Barvārža a & - C \ rºle. º d Wiesel - - º * - i. º verbia dung sº - - - º º l º | - -º- º | º : * Iſ My W. || || |\" nº | | | \ . - º |\º - - º 8 Ziyon º - - º | || ". : Geograph. Amstv. F' "Budweis Korºiotau, Eger. “ * Pilsen, Furth K. Mogºanº Wagner & Debes, Leipzig. B0HEMIA. 43. Prague. . Language. As in Prague and the rest of Central and S. Bohemia, the traveller will hear little but Bohemian (Czeghish) spoken, he should note the following Bohemian characters; c = iz; † = teh; Ś = ye or ie: â = nj or mi; # = rs or rsh: š = sh; i = ty or ti; } = zh. Railway Stations. 1. Staats-Bahnhof (government-railway; Pl. G, H, 4), for Dresden (R. 44), Vienna vià Brünn (R. 51a), the Buschtiehrad Îiné (Karlsbad, Eger, etc., R. 46). – 2. West-Bahnhof (Pl.J.), 9), for Pilsen and Furth (R. 48), Schlan, Brüx, and Dux (p. 301), Příbram and Profivin (p. 309). — 3. Franz-Josefs-Bahnhof (Pl. H., 5), for Gmünd and Vienna (R. 51 b), for the Neratowitz and Turnau Railway (p. 327), and for Dresden vià Všetat-Přivor. This station is connected with the two already mentioned by a loop-line. — 4. Nord-West-Bahnhof (P1. H, 3), for the line to Vienna vià Znaim (R. 51 c), and for Mittelwalde and Breslau. — 5. Buschtiehradea' Bahnhof (P1. C., 8), for the line to Komotau, Karlsbad, and Eger (R. 46). — PortER from the station to the cab 10 kr.: into the town, for 55 lbs. of luggage, 20 kr.; for each 22 lbs. additional, 4 kr. Strangers may apply for advice or information to the Verein zur He- bung des Fremdenverkehrs, Graben 30 (Herr E. Hruby ; no fee). Hotels. *GRAND HOTEL (Pl. c.; H, 4), in the prolongation of the Marien- gasse, with winter-garden (concerts); *HôTEL DE SAxE (Pl. a ; G, 4), Hyber- nergasse; *BLAUER STERN (Pl. e5 G, 4), corner of the Graben and Hyberner- gasse, R. from 1 fl., L. 40, A. 85 kr.; *SCHWARZES Ross (Pl. b : G, 4), in the Grabºn, R., L., & A. 2 fl. 30, D. 1 fl. 30 kr.: *ENGLISCHER HoF. (Pl. d: H, 4), Poričer-Str. ; *VICTORIA (Pl. f.; F, 6), corner of Jungmann-Str. and Palacky-Str. (English landlady); *ERZHERZOG STEPHAN (Pl. g; G, 5), Wen- Zels-Platz, R. from 90, L. & A. A5 kr.: *GoLDNER ENGEL (Pl. h; F, 4), Zelt- mergasse, R. from 80, A, 40 kr.; Hôt. Monopol, opposite the ‘Staatsbahn- hoſ. 3. “KAISER yon OESTERREIGH (Pl. 1; G, 4) and HôTEL ŠEBEK, in the Poříčer-Str. — STADT WIEN (Pl. k; G, 4), Hybernergasse; *HôT. RoxAL (Pl. 1; G, 4), opposite the exit from the railway-station ; ALTE POST, Klein- seite; GoLDNE GANs (Pl. m; F, 5), HöTEL GARNI, both in the Wenzels-Platz. Restaurants, etc. At the above hotels, and at all the stations. Also : Eis, Deutsches Kasino, Geissler, Dreher, all in the Graben; Mayer, Zeltner- gasse; Zwei Amseln, Herrengasse 4; Urban, in the Stadt-Park; Chodéra, Ferdinand-Str.: Carmasini, with garden, Obere Wenzels-Platz; Sluk, Klein- seite, Radetzky-Platz 37. — Müller, Ferdinand-Str. 9, near the suspension- bridge; Stadt Venedig, Obstmarkt 9 (these two luncheon-rooms). — Wine: *Binder, Grosser Ring, opposite the old Rathhaus; Gürtley, Wenzels- Platz 26; Haupt, Inselgasse; Austria- Keller, Postgasse 189, opposite the Königsbad; Bodega (Spanish wines), in the Graben. — Cafés. Café Central, Graben 15 ; * Continental, Graben 17; Café Français, Graben 39; Café Royal, opposite the station; Wokurka, Obstgasse; Adler, Zeltnergasse 21; Urban, see above; Jakon, Ferdinand-Str. 29; Impérial, Ferdinand-Str. 13. ‘Tshai' = tea with rum; ‘Thee” = tea with cream. — Beer, generally good, at all the hotels, restaurants, and cafés. Good Pilsner beer also at Donat's, Brenntegasse 53; Zwei Amseln, Herrengasse 4; Chodéra, Ferdinand - Str.; Sochurek, Tempelgässchen 649, near St. Jacob's; Wohlrath, Karolinenthal; Możny, Tilly-Platz, Weinbergé. — Confectioners. Lhotka, Stutzig, both in the Wenzels-Platz; Köpf & Jäger, Zeltnergasse; Sourek, Heck, both in the Ferdinand-Str. . German Gasino, Graben 26, with a large garden; numerous concerts in Summer ; introduction by a member (restaurant on the ground-floor 19 282 Route 43. PRAGUE. Theatres. open to the public). — Deutscher Verein Austria, in the Kleinseite. — Bohe- mian Bürger-Ressource (Měštanská Beseda), in the Wladislawgasse. Bohemian Glass: Graf Harrach, Graben, in the Blaue Stern; Fischmann & Söhne, Graben 30. – PRAGUE GLovEs: Pilat, Graben 13; Breznowsky, Ferdinand- Str. 6. — Bohem.IAN GARNET WARES : Bubeniček, Altstädter Ring 23; Pichler, Obstgasse 4, etc.; M. Kersch, Graben 33; M. Auer, Ja- cobsgasse. Baths. *Elisabethbad, Elisabeth-Str. 30 (Pl. G., 3); Königsbad, Postgasse 35, in the Altstadt; river-baths at the Sophien.insel. Also Swimming-baths on the left bank of the Moldau, below the chain-bridge (p. 286), and at Smichow, above the Palacky bridge. Post and Telegraph Offices (P1, G, 5), Heinrichsgasse. Cabs. One-horse carriage (for 1-3 pers.), within the Altstadt, Neustadt, Josefstadt, Untere Kleinseite (as far as the Spornergasse and Chotek- Str.), and the suburbs of Karolinenthal, Smichow, and Weinberge, per 1/4 hr. 40, per 1/2 hr. 60 kr., each addit. 1/4 hr. 20 kr. ; two-horse carr. (‘Fiaker'; for 4 pers.), for the same drives , . A hr. 60 kr, 4 fl., each addit: */2.hp. 50 kr. For drives to the Obere Kléinseite, the Wyšehrad, Hradschin, Ziz- kow, and Bubna-Grossholeschowitz, an addition of 20 kr. (two-horse carr. 30 kr.) is made to the above fares. – To or from the railway-stations 70 or 1 fl. 10 kr. — From the Altstadt, Neustadt, or Josefstadt to Baumgarten, Belvedere. Bubenč, Kaisermühlé, Košić (Clam’s Garden), Nusle, Wolsan, or Włowić 1 fl. 20 or 1 fl. 50 kr.; to Lieben or Pankraz 1 fl. 20 or 1 fl. 80 kr.; to Podol 4 fl. 40 kr. or 2 fl. ; to the Sternthiergarten 2 or 3 fl. — From Kleinseite to Košić (Clam Garden) 80 or 1 fl. 30 kr.: to Baumgarten, Belvedere, Bubené, or Kaisermühle 1 or 1/2 fl. 5 to Nusle, Wolsan, or wºiá'í'a. 36 or i fl. 80 kr.: to Lieben (château) or Pankraz 1 fl. 40 kr. or 2 fl. — At night (10 p.m. to 6 a.m.) a fare and a half. Return-fare or waiting, 20 kr. per /4 hr. for one-horse, 50 kr. per 1/2 hr. for two-horse cabs. – Small articles of luggage free; each trunk 20 kr. Tramway,eyery 5 min. from the Graben to Smichow, Karolinenthal, Weinberge, Ziłkow, Kleinseite, and Baumgarten (fare for four stations 5 kr., more than four stations 10 kr., from one side of the town to the other 15 kr.). — Omnibus from the station into the town, passing the prin- cipal hotels, 15 kr., luggage 15 kr. Theatres. German (P1. F, 5), Obstmarkt; New German Theatre (P1. G., 6), Stadtpark. — Bohemian (P1. E, 6), on the Quay (p. 285). — German Summer Theatre, in the Heine'sche Garten (Pl. I, 6). — Bohemian Summer Theatre in Smichow (Pl. H., 6). — Variété Theatre, Palacky-Str., Karolinenthal. Permanent Exhibitions in the Rudolfinum (p. 286); Lehmann's, Ferdi- mand-Str. 5 (20 kr.); Gallerie Ruch, Heuwags Platz. Public Resorts. *Baumgarten (p. 292), a park belonging to the Bohemian Estates, with café, etc., outside the Sandthor, 2 M. from the Graben, a fashionable resort. Military band on Sundays and Thursdays. – Belvedere (Pl. E, F, 3), see p. 287; frequent concerts in summer. — Dreher's Bier- garten, in the Belvedere Grounds, concert three times weekly. — “Soften- Insel (Pl. D, E, 6), restaurant with shady garden, a favourite resort in summer; military band three times weekly at 4 p.m. — Schützen-Insel (P1. D, 5, 6), with restaurant, the shooting-range of the Prague Rifle Club, and boat-club. — The Hasenburg (P.I. C, 5; cable-tramway from the Aujezder- gasse), a public garden, with restaurant and a new belvedere-tower 180 ft. in height (magnificent *View). United States Consul, Ma'. William A. Rublee. Divine Service in English (Free Church of Scotland) at 11 a.m., at Postgasse 8. Principal Attractions. Walk from the station through the Altstadt (Grosse Ring, p. 283) and the Josefstadt (Jewish Cemetery, p. 287) to the JCarlsbrücke (p. 285); cross the chain-bridge (p. 286) to the Hradschin (Cathe- dral and *View from the balcony of the Fräuleinstift, p. 291); return by the Kaiser-Franz-Brücke (p. 285), the Ferdinand-Str., and the Graben. Prague (614 ft.), Bohemian Praha, capital of the kingdom and crown-land of Bohemia, the seat of the imperial government, and Pulverthwºrm, PRAGUE. 43. Route. 283 residence of a prince - archbishop, lies picturesquely in a broad basin on both banks of the Moldaw. Its foundation is ascribed to Libussa, the first Duchess of Bohemia (8th cent.?). From Ottokar II. it received a municipal charter, and it attained to great prosperity under Emp. Charles IV. (1846-78), when the university and the Neustadt were founded. Prague was besieged and captured in the Hussite War (1424), the Thirty Years' War (1634 and 1648), the War of the Austrian Succession (1744), and the Silesian Wars (1744 and 1747); and it was occupied by the Prussians in 1866. Population 183,085 (4/5 Bohemians, 1/5 Germans; 20,000 Jews; garrison of about 7000 men). The town possesses many mediaeval buildings and towers, and rising above them all the venerable Hradschin. Its historical associations are also deeply interesting. The town is 9 M. in circumference, and is divided into seven districts: the Altstadt, the centre of the town and the focus of traffic; the Josefstadt on the N.W. (known down to 1850 as the Judenstadt); the Neustadt, encircling the Altstadt, on the right bank of the Moldau; the Kleinseite, on the left bank of the Moldau, partly in the valley and partly on the slopes of the Hradschin and Laurenzberg; the Hradschin, with the imperial palace, on the heights of the left bank; Vyšehrad; and Holeschowitz-Bubna. Beyond these districts are the suburbs of Karolinenthal, Ziškow, Weinberge, and Smichow. The principal streets radiate from the Josefs – Platz, near the Staats-Bahnhof (Pl. G, 4): the Zeltnergasse, Grosse and Kleine Ring, and Karlsgasse lead W. to the Karls-Brücke ; the Graben and the Ferdinand-Strasse lead S.W. to the Franzens-Brücke; the Eli- sabeth-Str. leads N. to the Franz-Josefs – Brücke. We follow the ZELTNERGAssE, leading into the Altstadt, at the entrance to which rises the Pulverthurm (P1. G, 4), erected as a gate-tower in 1475-84 and restored in 1883, Adjoining it on the N. is the Königshof, once a palace of the Bohemian kings, now a barrack. Opposite is the Custom House. To the left, in the Zeltnergasse, at the corner of the Obstmarkt, are the Civil Courts of Law (Pl. F, 4). At the end of the Zeltnergasse is the GRossE RING (Pl. F, 4), in the middle of which rises the Mariensäule, erected by Emp. Fer- dinand III, in 1650 to commemorate the liberation of Prague from the Swedes. On the E. side of the Ring stands the – Teynkirche, the old church of the Hussites, begun in 1360 by German merchants (sacristan, Unter den Lauben 16). The W. façade, partly concealed by houses, with its two pointed towers, and the high-pitched roof were added in 1460 in the time of George Podiebrad, who was crowned King of Bohemia here in 1458. He caused the façade to be adorned with a large gilded chalice (an emblem of the Hussite doctrine that the communion should be ad- ministered in both kinds), and with a statue of himself; but after the battle of the White Hill (p. 293) the chalice was superseded by 284 Route 43. PRAGUE. Rathhaus. an image of the Virgin. In the interior, on the last pillar on the S.E., is the tombstone of the celebrated Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (d. 1601), who was invited to Prague by Emp. Rudolph II. in 1599. The adjacent Mariencapelle contains statues of Cyril and Methodius, the apostles of Bohemia, presented by Emp. Ferdinand in 1845. On the opposite side is an ancient font, in pewter, dating from 4444. The pulpit, in which John of Nepomuc and Huss are said to have preached, bears a portrait of the former. The Chapel of St. Luke contains a winged altar with paintings by Skreta (18th cent.). The burial-vault of the Waldstein (Wallenstein) family is in front of the Maria Lichtmess Chapel. — The Kinsky Palace, the largest in the Altstadt, adjoins the Teynkirche on the N. The Rathhaus, on the W. side of the Grosse Ring, was erected in 1838–48 in the Gothic style on the site of an older building, of which the chapel, the great tower of 1474 (with a curious clock), the S. side with its fine portal, and the old council-chamber still exist. The statues (by J. Maw) on the balcony of the second floor represent two Bohemian kings, two German, and two Austrian em- perors, to whom Prague is indebted. The handsome new Council Chamber, in the S. wing of the Rathhaus, is adorned with a colossal *Painting by Brožik (Huss before the Council of Constance) and with frescoes. – In front of the Rathhaus, on 21st June, 1621, after the battle of the White Hill (p. 293), twenty-seven of the leaders of the Protestant party, most of them Bohemian nobles, were executed. On the same spot, in Feb., 1633, the same fate befel eleven officers of high rank, by Wallenstein's command, on the ground of alleged cowardice at the battle of Lützen. - In the Hussgasse, not far from the Rathhaus, is the handsome palace of Count Clam-Gallas (Pl. E, 4, 5), erected in 1701–12 by Fischer v. Erlach in the rococo style. Farther on, in the Karlsgasse, on the right, is an extensive block of buildings, erected in the latter half of the 17th cent., con- sisting of two churches, two chapels, three gateways, and four towers, the Jesuit Collegium Clementinum (Pl. E., 4, 5), comprising the archiepiscopal seminary, the University Library (175,000 vols., rich in Bohemian literature), natural history collections, an obser- vatory, lecture-rooms of the theological and philosophical faculties, &c. The first court contains a *Statue, by E. Maa, of a student of Prague in the costume of the 17th cent., erected in 1864 to com- memorate the participation of the students in the defence of the town against the Swedes in 1648. Near the Karlsbrücke, in the Kreuzherren-Platz (where the Kreuzherren - Kirche, in the Italian Renaissance style, rises on the right), is the handsome bronze “Statue of Charles IV. (Pl. E, 4, 5), founder of the University, designed by Hähnel and cast at Nurem— berg, erected in 1848 on the 500th anniversary of the foundation. The University of Prague, founded in 1348, was soon attended by Karlsbrücke. PRAGUE, 43. Route. 285 students from every part of Europe. Wenzel, the successor of Charles, having proposed to limit the privileges of foreign students, many hundreds quitted Prague and founded the university of Leip- sic (1409) and others. The university, called ‘Carolo-Ferdinandea', is now divided into a Bohemian and a German section, the for- mer attended by 2000, the latter by 4600 students. The univer- sity-building for students of law is the Carolinum (Pl. F, 4, 5), Eisengasse 11, near the Grosse Ring. The hall where degrees are conferred contains portraits of Austrian emperors and archbishops of Prague. Medical buildings of the university, see p. 288. The *Karlsbrücke (PI. D, E, 4, 5), with 16 arches, 546 yds. in length, erected between 1357 and 1507, was partially destroyed by the floods of the Moldau in Sept. 1890, but will be restored. The buttresses of the bridge are adorned with thirty STATUEs and GROUPs of Saints, some of them 18th cent., others modern, by Jos. Maa. The inscription on the crucifix records that it was erected with a fine exacted from a Jew in 1606 for reviling the Cross. The bronze statue of St. John Nepomuc, the patron-saint of Bohemia, in the middle of the bridge, and the two reliefs were executed in 1683 at Nuremberg. A slab of marble with a cross on the right, on the coping of the wall, marks the spot where the saint is said to have been flung from the bridge in 1883 by order of Emp. Wenzel, for refusing to betray what the empress had confided to him in the confessional. According to the legend, the body floated for a considerable time in the Moldau, with five brilliant stars hovering over the head. Since 1728, when the holy man was canonised, the bridge has been visited annually by thousands of pilgrims from Bohe- mia, Moravia, and Hungary, especially on 16th May, the festival of the saint. The *ALTSTADT ToweR, on the right bank, erected in 1451, and lately restored, is adorned with the armorial bearings of the lands once subject to the crown of Bohemia, and the statues of Emp. Charles IV. and his son Wenzel IV. The heads of the Protestant nobles executed in 1621 were barbarously exposed to view for ten years on the gallery of this tower. In 1648 the tower defended the city against the Swedes, who through the treachery of an Austrian officer had gained possession of the Kleinseite almost without a blow. When the Prussians were expelled from Prague in 1744, the bridge was the scene of a fierce struggle. The Kaiser-Franz-Brücke (Pl. D, 6; toll 1 kr.), a suspension- bridge 500 yds. in length, crosses the Moldau at the Schützeninsel, above the Karlsbrücke. Between these bridges runs the Franzens- quai, with the Monument of Francis I. (Pl. E, 5), a Gothic canopy, 75 ft. high, over an equestrian statue of the emperor in bronze, serving at the same time as a fountain. Below, at the corners, are the sixteen ancient districts of Bohemia and the city; above are figures of art, science, commerce, and industry, in sandstone. The whole was designed by Kranner, the statues executed by Jos. Maa. — The Bethlehemsgasse leads hence to the E. to the Bethlehems- Platz (Pl. E, 5), in which once stood the chapel and house of John Huss (now Nos. 5 & 6). At No. 1 is Náprstek's Bohemian Industrial Museum (adm. on application). — By the Franz-Brücke is the Bohemian National Theatre (p. 282). — Farther down the river is the Palacky Bridge (toll 1 kr.), completed in 1878, 250 yds. long, resting on eight buttresses, which crosses the river from the Pa- lacky Quai on the right bank to Smichow (p. 293). 286 Route 43, PRAGUE, Rudolfinum. Below the Karlsbrücke is the Rudolf's-Quai, on the right bank, with the Kettensteg (a chain-bridge for pedestrians; toll 1 kr.), on which stands the Rudolfinum, an imposing edifice in the Renaissance style by Zitek and Schulz. The S. wing contains the Conservatorium of Music and two concert-rooms; the N. wing contains the Art- Industrial Museum, the exhibitions of the Art Union (15th Apr. to 15th June annually), and the picture-gallery of the Bohemian ‘Kunstfreunde’. Adm, free on Frid. & Sun., 11-3; on Tues., Thurs., & Sat. 30 kr. — In the first room are sold catalogues of the pictures (2 fl.; with 30 photograps 4 fl.) and of the engravings (10 kr.) and separate photographs (large size, 1 fl. 20 kr.). Picture Gallery. Roomſ I (ante-room): *18A. And, della Robbia, Madonna (in relief); *9. Lower part of a Greek statue, with small female figures in relief. — Room II (old German and Dutch schools): 687. Theodoric of Prague, Votive picture of Archb. Ocko of Wlaschim ; several other Bo- hemian pictures of 14th and 15th cent. ; *222-224. Geertgen van Sint-Jans, Winged altar in three sections; *230. Jan Gossaert, surnamed Mabuse, St. Luke (the ‘Prague Dombild’); 462. Master of the Death of Mary, Winged altar; 501. Dutch Master, style of Hugo van der Goes, Death of Mary (replicas in London and Rome); 379. Holbein Junr., Portrait of Lady Vaux; *27. Hans Baldung Grien, Martyrdom of St. Dorothy; 502. Dutch Master (about 1483), Madonna. — Room III (corner-room): Bohemian pictures of 15th and 16th cent. — Roomſ IV (Italian and later Dutch and German schools) : *486. P. Moranda, surnamed Cavazzola, Portrait of a man; *382. Dutch Master (about 1626), Young lady in rich costume; 590. J. van Ruysdael, 202. Everdingen, Waterfalls; 388. Dutch Master (about 1660), Old woman spinning; 497, 498. Weufchatel, surnamed Lucide!, Por- traits ; 468. Fr. Millet, Large Italian landscape; 452. Frans Luyca, Portrait of Ottavio Piccolomini; 142. An. Carracci, Pietà ; 702. Fr. Vecellio, Portrait of a man; *138. Dom. Campagnola, Madonna enthroned, with saints (1525); 127. School of Michael Angelo, Holy Family; *347A. Frans Hals, Portrait of Jasper Schade van Westrum; *686, A & B. Gerard Ter Borch, Portraits. — Room V (divided into eight CABINETs, a-h): 120-123. P. Brueghel Senr., Four small round pictures; 537. Patinir, St. Jerome; Rubens, *585. Small Annunciation, 586. Sketch of the Expulsion from Paradise for the Jesuits’ Church at Antwerp : 597. Safileven, Genre piece ; 710. P. Verelst, *594, 595. D. Ryckaert, Genre pieces; *721. Watteau, Party returning home by torch- light (a sketch); 467. Fr. Millet, 192. G. Dughet (Poussin), Landscapes; *660. Fr. Snyders, Large still-life piece; 358. 359. C. de Heem, Still-life; *203. Everdingen, Norwegian landscape; *225. A. de Gelder (formerly attributed to Rembrandź), Vertumnus and Pomona; *463. G. Metsu, Fishwoman; 706. W. van de Velde, Rippling sea; *589A. S. van Ruysdael, Landscape; A. van der Neer, *493. Skittle-alley, 494, 195. Moonlight scenes; *666. Jan Steen, Cats’ music; 169. Cuyp, Ilandscape with cattle; 492. Waiwfnca, Landscape with a river; *200. A. Elsheimer, Temple on a lake. — Room VI (corner-room; Austrian masters of 18th cent.): 239-341. Worbert Grund, 71-94. Christ. Brand, 95-404. Joh. Brand (*95. View of the Danube); 546. Jos. Plazer, etc. — Roomſ VII (Bohemian masters of 17th and 18th cent.): 106-111A. Petrus Brand!; 627-644. Carl Screta. — Room VII: 236. J. B. Greuze, Young girl; 216. Führich, Madonna and two saints. – Rooms IX, X (modern masters): And. Achenbach (8A), Oswald Achenbach (9, 9A), I. Aj- dukiewicz (16), Herm. Baisch (26, 26A), Defregger (190, 191), Douzette (196, 197), Fagerlin (204A), Gude (342), Kessler (413A), Kurzbauer (420), Paul Meyerheim (463A), Norman (517. 517A), R. Russ (591, 591A), Schirm (618), Schleich (620), Ant. Seitz (650), Spitzweg (663-665), W. Weltin (706), H. Zügel (747). — Roomſ XI (water-colours and drawings: blue numbers): 2A. Hans o, Bartels; 32-34. Jaroslaw Germak; 56, Jos. v. Führich; 57. Genelli; 86-432. Jos. Manes; 135. W. Joh. Martens; 140. F. Overbeck; 146. L. Passini; 175. Jos. Trenkwald. Jews' Quarter, PRAGUE. 43, Route, 287 From the first Cabinet (a) a flight of steps leads to the "CABINET OF ENGRAVINGs, where 658 specimens of masters of all Schools are exposed to view, adjoined by the *HOLLAREUM, devoted to 457 plates exclusively by Wenzel Hollar (b. at Prague 1607, d. 1677.) Opposite are the Academy of Art, the Art — Industrial School, and the Seminary for Schoolmistresses. Lower down, on the left bank of the Moldau, are the Belvedere or Kronprinz-Rudolf Grounds (p. 282), at the farther end of which the river is crossed by the Franz-Josefs-Brücke (Pl. G, 3; toll 1 kr.) and the tramway. The JosłFSTADT (Pl, E, F, 4), formerly called the JUDENSTADT, on the Moldau, at the N.W. angle of the Altstadt, was formerly occupied exclusively by Jews, but more than half of the present population are Christians. Opposite the old Jewish Rathhaus, in the Rabbinergasse, is the Altneuschule (Pl. E., 4; custodian, Rabbinergasse 7), a strange-looking, gloomy pile of the 12th cent., the oldest synagogue in Prague, having been founded, according to tradition, by the first fugitives from Jerusalem after its destruction. The large flag suspended from the vaulting, and extending across the whole synagogue, was presented by Ferdinand III., in recog- nition of the bravery of the Jews during the siege of Prague by the Swedes in 1648. In the midst of these narrow lanes and crowded purlieus, near the Altneuschule, lies the ancient *Jewish Burial Ground (Pl. E., 4), disused since 1780, the entrance to which is closed by a door (fee 10-20 kr.; closed on Sat.). Thousands of grey, time-worn, moss-grown Stones, some of them of great antiquity, bearing Hebrew inscriptions, are interwoven with under- wood, creeping plants, alders, etc. Many of them are furnished with the symbol peculiar to the tribe to which the deceased belonged; thus, a pitcher marks the tribe of Levi, two hands the descendants of Aaron. The small stones piled on the graves and tombstones have been placed there, accord- ing to the Jewish custom, by relatives of the deceased as a token of regard. Around the Altstadt, on the E. and S., lies the NEUSTADT, from which it was formerly separated by a wall and moat. The GRABEN (Pl. F, 5, G, 4) is now the finest and busiest street in the town, containing the best shops and the most popular cafés. On the left, No. 24, is the Bohemian Museum (Pl. G, 5; open free on Tues. and Frid. 9-12.30; on other days, 10-1, fee 1 fl. for 1–4 pers.). It comprises a library, collections of MSS. (of Huss, Ziska, &c.) and coins, and ethnographical, botanical, and geognostic cabinets, founded by Count Sternberg. The 1st Room on the second floor contains the Library and MSS. In the 2nd Room, carved wood and ivory, and ethnographical curiosities. 3rd and 4th R. : Bohemian antiquities, bronzes, ancient wea- pons, flails used in the Hussite wars, sword of Gustavus Adolphus, the sword with which the Protestant nobles were beheaded (p. 284), goblets; objects of the flint and bronze periods found at Scharka in Bohemia. 5th R.: Natural history specimens, including a fine collection of African birds. – A small annex contains a geological collection. The S.W. end of the Graben is adjoined on the left by the WENZRLs-PLATz (Pl. F, G, 5, 6), 55–65 yds. in width, and 750 yds. in length, ascending slightly towards the S.E. and planted with double avenues. At the upper end a large new Bohemian National Museum (P1. G., 6) is being built. The space gained by the removal 288 Route 43. PRAGUE. Neustadt. of the town-walls, below the Franz-Josephs-Bahnhof, has been laid out as a *Stadtpark. In the Mariengasse, on the W. side of the park, is the New German Theatre (p. 282; Pl. G., 6). At the E. end of the FERDINAND-STRASSE, opposite the church of St. Maria-Schnee (Pl. F, 5), rises a monument to the Bohemian scholar Joseph Jungmann (d. 1877), designed by Schimek. Farther on in the same street (No. 24), to the left, at the corner of the Brenntegasse, is the Palais Schlik; on the right (No. 15), at the corner of the Postgasse, is the Police Office (Pl. E, 5), opposite which are the Church and Convent of the Ursuline Nuns (Pl. E, 6). The Bohemian Savings Bank, also on the right (No. 7), is a handsome building by Ullmann, 1861. Lastly, on the left, by the Franzens-Brücke, rises the handsome *Bohemian Theatre, a Re- naissance edifice by Zitek, altered and enlarged by Schulz since a fire in 1881. — Franzens-Brücke, see p. 285. The largest Platz in Prague is the KARLs-PLATZ (P1. F, 6, 7), 580 yds. long, and 165 yds. broad, embellished with tasteful grounds and a monument to the Bohemian poet Viteslaw Halek (d. 1874). In the N.E. corner is the Rathhaus of the Neustadt (Pl. F, 6), so altered in 1806 that of the original structure of 1370 a tower only remains. It is now occupied by the criminal courts of justice. The Hussite wars began here in 1419. The infuriated populace under Ziska stormed the Rathhaus, released the Hussite prisoners, and flung the unpopular counsellors from the windows. On the W. side of the Platz is the new Polytechnicum, a handsome building in the Renaissance style. Half of the E. side of the Platz is occu- pied by the Military Hospital (Pl. F, 7), formerly a Jesuit college. On the S. side are the Children’s Hospital (Pl, E, 7) and the Deaf & Dumb Asylum (Pl. E, 7). Near this are the Hospital (Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Pl. F, 7), the buildings of the Medical Faculty of the University, the Foundling, Commercial, and Lying-in Hospitals and the Lunatic Asylum (Pl. F, G, 7, 8). In the same neighbour- hood is the Karlshof Hospital, with the Karlshof Church (Pl. G., 8), a Gothic edifice erected by Charles IV. in 1350, with a dome and superb star-vaulting. In the Wysehrader-Str., which runs S. from the Karls-Platz, is the Monastery of Emaus, with the lately restored Marienkirche, a Gothic structure of 1348–72, with interesting fres- coes of the 14th cent. in the cloisters from the ‘Biblia Pauperum’ (parallel scenes from the Old and New Testament). In the Slupergasse, farther to the S., are the garden of the Gartenbau- Gesellschaft (P1. F., 8), the Elisabethinerinnen-Hospital and a Lunatic Asylum, with the Church of the Annunciation built by Charles IV. The Wyśehrad, or citadel, occupying the site of the castle of Libussa, the traditional foundress of the Bohemian royal family, of whom numerous legends are related, forms the S. extremity of Prague. The approach leads through the old Rathhaus, beyond which steps ascend to a bastion (fine view), or it may be reached Pal. of Count Nostitz. PRAGUE. 43. Route. 289 by carriage. The original Wyśehrad, with its numerous towers, was almost entirely destroyed during the Hussite wars. The present forti- fications date from 1848. Karolinenthal, the N.E. suburb of Prague, intersected by the long railway - viaduct, is a busy manufacturing place with 19,554 inhab. The large Church of SS. Cyril and Methodius (Pl. I, K, 3) was built in 1854–63 from designs by Rösner. The small Park (Pl. H, 4) between Karolinenthal and the Neustadt, opposite the station of the N. W. Railway (p. 281), contains a monument by J. Max to the memory of the Bohemian soldiers, who fell in 1848 and 1849, and a Museum. From the Karlsbrücke the Brückengasse leads to the KLEINSEIT- NER RING, embellished with the Radetzky Monument (Pl. C, 4), erected in 1858. The marshal, with his baton, holding a flag in his hand, stands on a shield borne by eight soldiers; figures in bronze, designed by Em. and Jos. Maa, and cast by Burgschmiet of Nuremberg. J The neighbouring Jesuit church of St. Nicholas (Pl. C, 4), built in 1673–1772, is richly decorated with gilding and marble. Ad- jacent is the old Jesuit Seminary, now the District Court. Oppo- site, on the N. side of the Ring, are the Government Offices; on the W. side is the Office of the Commandant. From the N.E. angle of the Kleinseitner Ring, the Thomas- gasse leads past St. Thomas’s Church to the Waldstein-Platz, in which, to the right, is Count Waldstein's Palace (Pl. D, 4), erected in 1623 by Albr. von Wallenstein, or Waldstein, the famous general of the Thirty Years' War, and still belonging to the family. The great hall was restored in 1854; adjacent is the chapel, with paint- ings attributed to Dürer, Guido Reni, etc. At the back, facing the garden, is a fine open hall in the Renaissance style. The horse (stuffed) which Wallenstein rode at the battle of Lützen is also shown. (Castellan in the first court, to the right.) . In the Waldsteingasse, to the right (Nos. 10, 14), is the Palace of Prince Fürstenberg (Pl. D, 3, 4), with a beautiful garden. From the Waldstein-Platz we return by the Fünfkirchengasse, passing the House of the Provincial Diet (to the left), to the Klein- Seitner Ring. A little to the S., in the Malteser–Platz, is the Palace of Count Nostitz (Pl. D, 5), containing about 300 pictures and a library. Many of the best pictures are in the private apartments, which are frequently inaccessible (catalogue 20 kr.; fee). Among the best works are: Rembrandt, Rabbi (1635 ; damaged); Rubens, General Spinola, in full armour; 163. Ravesteyn (ascribed to Pourbus), Man and woman; , 48. G. Mostaert, Market; 53. W. Knupfer, Diana's bath; 278. Lucidel, Girl; 291. A. van der Weer, Moonlight scene; 106. J. van Ruysdael, Forest-scene (an early work); Mignon, Still-life; 275. G. Dow, A Savant; 171. A. van Dyck, St. Bruno ; 215. Sir A. More (?), Portrait; Lucide!, Woman and child; 212. D. Teniers, Rustic tavern. BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. 19 290 Route 43. PRAGUE. - Cathedral. The burial-vaults of the neighbouring Carmelite church of Maria de Victoria (P1. C,5), recently made accessible, afford a curious but gruesome sight, to which visitors are admitted on application to Pater Slansky, the curé. Two routes lead from the Kleinseitner Ring to the Hradschin : the shorter to the right through the Schlossgåsschen, and by 203 steps to the entrance to the court; the longer and easier leads straight through the Spornergasse (with the rococo palaces of Count Thun on the right and Count Morzin on the left), and then to the right. The Hradschin (Pl, B, C, 4, 3) may be called the Capitol of Prague. The Hradschiner Platz is a quadrangle bounded on the N. by the archiepiscopal palace, on the S. by that of Prince Schwarzen- berg and by a Carmelite nunnery, and on the E. by a palace of Emp. Francis Joseph. In the middle rises a Mariensäule. The Burg (Pl. C, 4), or Imperial Palace, which occupies the E. side of the Platz, founded by Charles IV., renewed by Ladislaw II. in 1484-1502, and again in the 16-17th cent, by Ferdinand I., Rudolph II., and Matthias, was completed by Maria. Theresa. The court is separated from the Platz by an iron railing. On entering we bear to the right and pass through a gateway into the first court; farther on, to the right of the chapel, we pass through another archway into the second court, to the left in which rises the cathe- dral (see below). To the right is the main entrance to the S. wing of the Palace (adm, on application to the porter; fee 20–30 kr.). The most interesting rooms in the palace are Ladislaw's Hall, or the Hall of Homage, constructed in 1484-1502, in which tournaments were once held, the old Statthalterei, the Private Chapel, and the German and Spanish Halls. From the window of the old Council Chamber Count Thurn caused the two imperial counsellors Martinitz und Slawata to be thrown down on 23rd May, 1618. This act of violence was the immediate occasion of the Thirty Years' War. Two small obelisks under the windows, bearing their names, commemorate the event. The equestrian Statue of St. George, a fountain-figure oppo- site the portal of the palace, was cast in bronze in 1373; the horse, having been injured, was recast in 1562. In the N. corner of this court is a gallery connecting the cathedral and the palace. In the passage under this gallery, on the left, is the entrance to the cathedral. The *Cathedral (P1, C, 4; open 5-12 and 2-5 o'clock), the Metropolitan Church of St. Vitus, begun in 1344, consists of little more than the spacious Gothic choir completed by Peter Arler of Gmünd (p. 24) in 1385. A plain party-wall, covered with frescoes (now faded) in 1729 to commemorate the canonisation of St. John Nepomuc, closes the unfinished W. side. The tower, once 520 ft. high, was reduced by a fire in 1541 to its present height of 323 ft. The church and its monuments, which were seriously damaged by the Prussian bombardment in the siege of 1757, have since under- gone restoration. The nave is now being completed. Cathedral. PRAGUE, 43. Route. 291 The nave (118 ft. in height) contains the fine * MonumENT of THE KINGs, executed in marble and alabaster by Alea’. Colin of Malines in 1589, under Rudolph II., and erected over the hereditary burial-place of the Bohemian monarchs. Beneath it repose Charles IV. (d. 1378), Wen- zel IV. (d. 1419), Ladislaw Posthumus (d. 1458), George Podiebrad (d. 1474), Ferdinand I. (d. 1564), Maximilian II. (d. 1577), Rudolph II. (d. 1612), and several queens and princesses. The * WENZEL CHAPEL (20 kr.), the first on the right, contains the monument of the Saint; behind it his helmet and coat of mail, and a large candelabrum with his statue, cast by the celebrat- cd Peter Vischer of Nuremberg in 1532. The chapel, built in 1858-66, is inlaid with Bohemian precious stones, and decorated with very ancient, half- obliterated frescoes of the early Prague school (Thomas of Mutina, Theodoric of Prague). A small picture of Cranach's school (1543) repre- sents the murder of St. Wenzel. The ring on the door is said to be one which was grasped by the saint when he was slain at Altbunzlau in 936 by his brother Boleslav. — The MARTINITZ CHAPEL, adjoining the Wenzel Chapel, contains a handsome modern “Altar by Achten-mann of Rome (1884) and several monuments of the Martinitz family. In the Chapel of SS. SIMon & JUDE, on the left wall hangs a Head of Christ on the napkin, revered as a ‘vera icon", copied in 1368 by Thomas of Mutina. from an ancient Byzantine picture; the patron-saints of Bohemia on the margin are original; the whole admirably executed. Above is a picture of St. John Nepomuc. The royal ORATORIUM is borne by admirably-exe- cuted stone vaulting (1493). Opposite, on the wall of the choir, a large representation in carved wood of the devastation of the church by the Protestants. To the right in the choir is the SHRINE of ST. NEPOMUC, exe- cuted in 1736, of no artistic value, but said to consist of 13/2 tons of silver. In the STERNBERG CHAPEL are the very ancient tombs of Ottocar I. and II. and other Slavonic monarchs. A ball suspended by a chain from a pillar is one of those which injured the church in the Seven Years' War; the damage it occasioned to the balustrade is still observable. The TRINITY CHAPEL contains the altar of St. Ludmilla, the first Christian duchess of Bohemia, with a modern group by Em. Maa, and also a candelabrum said to have been in Solomon's Temple, but really dating partly from the 12th cent. (foot) and partly from 1641 (upper part). Opposite to it, at the back of the high-altar, is the tomb of St. Vitus, the patron-saint of the church, with a modern statue. In the CHAPEL of ST. JoHN THE BAPTIST is a Crucifixion carved in wood. The walls of ST. ANNA’s CHAPEL are adorned with paintings by Swerts. The marble figures of SS. Anna, Luke, and Methodius, at the altar, are by Schimek. Opposite this chapel, on the wall of the presbytery, are two reliefs in wood, one representing Prague before 1620, the other the flight of King Frederick of the Palatinate from Prague after his defeat on the White Hill. Over the N. portal is an Adoration of the Cross, a fresco originally executed in 1562 and painted over in 1631, interesting only on account of the portraits of Ferdinand II. and III. and the two wives of the latter. — The large Mos AIG on the S. external wall represents the Resurrection, the Bohemian patron-saints, Charles IV. (who caused the work to be executed in 1874 by Italian artists) and his queen Elizabeth. — Adjoining the cathedral is the TREASURY, con- taining numerous curiosities and objects of value, to inspect which per- mission must be obtained from the canon Dr. Diettrich. Behind the cathedral rises the Romanesque Church of St. George, a heavy-looking edifice of 1142-50, partly rebuilt after a fire. It contains the monument of St. Ludmilla, dating from the 14th century. To the right of the church is the Adlig-Fräu- leinStift, an institution for spinsters of noble family, the bal- cony of which commands an admirable view (comp. p. 282; en- trance in the circular portico; fee 20 kr.). At the end of the GeorgsgåSSchen, a gate to the right, adjoining the “Schwarze Thurm’, leads to the Old Bastei, another good point of view. 49% 292 Route 43. PRAGUE. Belvedere, Adjacent is the Palace of Prince Lobkowitz. The Alte Schlossstiege (98 steps) descends hence to the Bruskagasse and the chain-bridge over the Moldau (p. 286). From the Hradschiner-Platz the Lauretagasse leads S.W., passing the House of Correction, to the LAURETA-PLATz, in which rise the extensive Franz-Josef Barracks, formerly Count Czernin's Palace (Pl. A, 4). Opposite, to the N., is a Capuchin Monastery (Pl. A, B, 4), into the walls of which are built Prussian balls in memory of the siege of 1757. Adjacent is the pilgrimage-chapel of St. Loretto, an exact imitation of the celebrated Casa Santa of Loretto. The treasury, to which 6 persons only are admitted at a time, under the guidance of a Capuchin (9.30 to 11.80; each pers. 20 kr.), contains several monstrances of the 16th cent. , the most curious of which is in the form of rays, said to be set with 6580 precious stones. From the Pohořelec-Platz, which adjoins the Laureta-Platz on the W., a flight of steps through No. 8, or further up, near the Reichsthor (Pl. A, 4), a gateway to the left adorned with figures of saints, leads to the Strahower-Platz. Here, to the right, on the highest site in the town, stands the wealthy Premonstratensian *Abbey of Strahow (Pl. A, 4, 5; admission in the forenoon), a very imposing structure, with spacious arcades, and a church con- taining the tombs of St. Norbert, founder of the order, and Pappen- heim, the Imperial general, who fell at Lützen in 1632. The finest work in the Picture Gallery (pass to the left of the church, enter the next gateway on the right, and apply to the porter) is a *Virgin and Child crowned by angels, by Dürer (1506), containing portraits of the painter himself, his friend Pirkheimer, Emp. Maxi- milian, Pope Julius II., and other princes (much retouched). The admirably – arranged library, with 60,000 vols. and 100 MSS., contains autographs of Tycho Brahe and a portrait of Ziska, the blind leader of the Hussites. Adjoining it is a small natural history collection. Superb “View, from the windows of the upper floor, of the imposing city and the distant landscape bounded by the Giant Mts. on the N.E. (Fee to the guide in the monastery 20 kr.: dona- tion to the librarian ‘für die Armen’.) Returning to the Burg, we regain the road from the N. side of the first court, and, passing the Schlossgarten on the right, reach the *Belvedere (PI. C., 3), an imposing villa in the Italian Renaissance style, erected in 1534 by Emp. Ferdinand I, for the Empress Anna. It is erroneously called Tycho Brahe's observatory, perhaps from the fact that Rudolph II. sometimes observed the stars here with his astronomer. The great hall is adorned with frescoes from the history of Bohemia, after cartoons by Ruben. *View from the balcony (fee 20 kr.). In the Schlossgarten, in front of the W. façade, is a hand- some Renaissance fountain. — The Sandthor leads to the *Baum- garten (Restaurant; PI. D, E, ſ) at Bubené (p. 282). History. PRAGUE. 43. Route. 293 From the Belvedere we may descend through the grounds of the Volksgarten (P1, D, 3) to the Bruskagasse (see above), and then cross the chain-bridge (p. 286), or turn to the right through the Wendische Gasse to the Karlsbrücke (p. 285). To the E., on the steep bank of the Moldau, in the direction of the Franz-Josefs- Bridge (p. 287), are the *Belvedere Promenades (p. 287). Smichow (Pl. C, D, 6-8), the S.W. suburb, with 32,693 inhab., is another industrial quarter. Above the Aujezderthor, to the right, are the Hasenburg (p. 282) and the Villa Kinsky, the garden of which affords charming views of Prague (adm. Mon., Wed., & Frid.; tickets obtained from the head-gardener). In the Kinsky-Str. is the handsome new Church of St. Wenzel (P1. C, D, 7), built in 1880-85 by Barvitius in the early-Renaissance style, with a taste- fully decorated interior, and nave with lacunar ceiling. Beyond the church, towards the Moldau, is the Botanic Garden. The Palacky Bridge (tramway, see p. 285) leads hence to the Neustadt. Farther to the S. are the two railway stations (Nos. 2 & 5) named at p, 284. On the White Hill (Weisse Berg), to the W. of Prague, 31/2 M. from the Reichsthor (p. 292), the fate of Protestantism in Bohemia was decided on 8th Nov., 1620. The Protestant Bohemians under Frederick V. of the Palatinate, the king of their own election, and son-in-law of James I. of England, had thrown up intrenchments on the White Hill, but the attacks of Maximilian of Bavaria, chief of the Roman Catholic League, with his army of Bavarians and Walloons, were so irresistible that Frederick and his party were speedily routed, and the battle won in less than an hour. A pilgrimage-church was afterwards erected here to commemorate the victory. — On the N.W. slope of the White Hill a large and massive structure, erected in the form of a star, rises in the midst of wood. It was originally a royal château, and afterwards a powder-magazine, and was restored in 1875. It is situated at the end of a park which derives its name of Stern (star) from this building, and is a favourite resort of the citizens, thousands of whom repair hither on the first Sunday after 13th July (1/2 M. from stat. Libotz, p. 300). A stone here commemorates the capture of Prague by Frederick the Great in 1744, purporting to occupy the precise spot whence that monarch directed the operations of the besiegers. — On 6th May, 1757, Marshal Schwerin, Frederick the Great's favourite general, fell at the battle of Prague. Two monuments mark the spot where he was mortally wounded, near the village of Sterbohol, 4!/2 M. to the E. of Prague. 44. From Dresden to Prague. 121 M. RAILwAY in 4-61/2 hrs – Finest views on the left. – Steamboat five times daily to Pirna in 2/4 hrs., thrice daily to Schandau in 4!/2 hrs., twice or thrice daily to Aussig in 10 hrs. — The traveller who desires to see the picturesque banks of the Elbe may perform part of this route by Steamer. The finest scenery terminates at Aussig. Dresden and the Saaron Switzerland, see Baedeker’s W. Germany. The station at Dresden is on the S. side of the town. Soon after starting, the Grosse Garten is seen on the left, and part of the battle- field of 26th and 27th Aug., 1813, on the right. The line traverses the plain of the Elbe Valley, bounded on the S. by the extreme Spurs of the Erzgebirge. The opposite bank of the river is covered with vineyards, and studded with country-seats. Stat. Sedlitz, 294 Route 44. BODENBACH. From Dresden with a mineral spring, gives its name to the artificially - prepared ‘powders', which however differ materially from those obtained by evaporating the mineral water. On the right appears the spire of Dohna. Stat. Mügeln. The line approaches the Elbe and follows the serpentine course of the river through the picturesque “Saa.on Switzerland' (described in Baedeker's Northern Germany). The valley is narrow and rocky, and the railway occasionally hewn through the solid rock. The château of Sonnenberg at (11 M.) Pirna is now a lunatic asylum. Pötzscha is the station for the little town of Wehlen on the opposite bank. At stat. Rathem rises the *Bastei, a precipitous rock on the opposite bank of the Elbe, 640 ft. above the river, the finest point in the Saxon Switzerland, commanding a beautiful view. At (22 M.) Königstein is the fortress of that name, 810 ft. above the river, commanding a noble prospect. Opposite the fortress rises the Lilien- stein, 167 ft. higher. 24 M. Schandau, a favourite summer resort, lies on the opposite bank. Herrnskretschen, the first Bohemian place on the right bank, is the usual termination or starting-point of a tour in the Saxon Switzerland (steamboat to Dresden in 4, from Dresden in 51/2 hrs.). 32 M. Niedergrund is the first Bohemian village. The line follows the left bank. Several viaducts and embankments. - 381/2 M. Bodenbach (Post; Hôtel Grams; Umlauft; Frieser; Rail. Rest.), with 7574 inhab., is the Saxon and Austrian custom- house station. Long halt, and change of carriages. Opposite to it lies the pleasant town of Tetschen (p. 815), connected with the left bank by a railway-bridge and a suspension-bridge. The village of Obergrund (Starck's Hôtel; *Bad-Hôtel; Bellevue), on the left bank, below the bridge, is a favourite summer-resort. FROM BoDENBACH To DUx AND KoMoTAU, 51 M. (rail in 3 hrs.). The line traverses the narrow and picturesque valley of the Eulauer Bach ; on the right rises the Schneeberg (see below) with its belvedere. Stations Bünaburg, Eulau, and (81/2 M.) Tyssa-Königswald (3 M. to the N., of which is the village of Tyssa, with its huge and curiously-riven cliffs of Sand- stone, called the Tyssaer Wände). On the hill to the right of (10/2 M.) Klein- Fahn lies Wollendorf (p. 300). 14 M. Tellnitz; 16 M. Kulm, where a battle took place on 30th Aug., 1813 (p. 300). 18 M. Hohenstein, with the Geſſeſs- berg on the right; 191/2 M. Mariaschein ; 20 M. Rosenthal-Graupen (p. 299), where the Wilhelmshöhe and Rosenburg rise on the right; 23 M. Teplit?- Waldthor (p. 297; station 1 M. from the town; omn. 15 kr.). 25%2 M. Rosten (11/2 M. to the W. is the little town of Klostergrab, p. 299). 30 M. Ossegg (p. 299; branch-line in 10 min. to Dua-Liptitz, p. 299). The train now skirts the S. base of the Erzgebirge, and runs by Bruch, Oberleitens- dorf, Obergeorgenthal, Eisenberg, and Görkau to (51. M.) Komotau (p. 800). As CENT OF THE SchNEEBERG FROM BoDENBACH (21/2 hrs.). We diverge from the Teplitz road to the right, either at the (3/4 M.) Zum Rothen Kreuz Inn, or at the (1/2 M.) Zur Grünen Wiese Inn. The path in the first case is easy to trace, being indicated by white marks on the trees, but is almost shadeless. In the second case we reach after 7 min. a footpath which crosses the valley to Dorf Schneeberg (1866 ft.; 5 M. from Boden- bach). A still shorter way diverges from this path to the right at a clearing in the forest and leads straight towards the tower, but for this route a guide is necessary. Those who wish to walk as little as possible to Prague. AUSSIG. 44. Route. 295 may drive to Dorf Schneeberg by the road diverging to the left near Peiperz, below the chain-bridge, or take the Bodenbach, and Dux, rail- way to Eulau (see above). The steep road from Eulau to (2/2 M.) Schnee- berg ascends to the right. From the village of Schneeberg we reach the plateau of the Hohe Schneeberg (2372 ft.), the highest of the Bohemian sandstone-hills, in 3/4 hr. The tower at the top, 112 ft. high, commands a magnificent *Panorama (Inn). 43 M. Topkowitz-Kartitz; 474/2 M. Nestersitz-Pömmerle. 53 M. Aussig (1600 ft.; *Goldnes Schiff; *Englischer Hof; Dampfschiff-Hôtel, on the Elbe; *Rail. Rest.), a busy town with 23,723 inhab., lies at the influx of the Biela into the Elbe. Large factories (including chemical works with 1300 hands) and a brisk coal-trade occupy the inhabitants. The vast brown-coal seams of N. Bohemia lies a little to the W. The large river-barges load at a special coaling-harbour on the Elbe. Aussig was the birthplace of the painter Raphael Mengs (1728–79). The town is connected by a railway-bridge with the station of Schreckenstein on the right bank of the Elbe (p. 316). The traveller detained here should ascend the Ferdinandshöhe (1/4 hr. S.), or the ruin of Schrecken- stein (3/4 hr.) A more extensive prospect is obtained from the Hohe Wostrey (1920 ft.), ascended by Ober–Sedlitz and Neudörfel in 11/2 hr. — The plain of Bihana, to the W. of Aussig, was the scene of the great Hussite battle of 16th June, 1426, which ended in the rout of the Saxons under Frederick the Quarrelsome and the destruction of the then flourishing town. FROM Aussig To TEPLITZ, 12 M. (branch-line in 40 min.). Stations Tirmitz, with extensive coal mines, junction of the Bielathal railway (see below); Schönfeld; on the right the plain of Bihana, in the back- ground the Erzgebirge. Karbitz, a thriving manufacturing town; Maria- schein (p. 294), with a Jesuit monastery and a famous pilgrimage - church (also a station on the Dux-Bodenbach line). On the right lies Graupen (p. 299), with the Wilhelmshöhe and the Rosenburg; then Eichwald (p. 299), beyond the park of Probstau, which the train skirts. 12 M. Teplitz, see p. 296. From Teplitz to (29 M.) Komotau, see p. 801. FROM AUss IG to BILIN, 17 M., railway through the Bielathal in 2 hrs. Bilin, see p. 300. * Travellers from Prague to Dresden will find it pleasant to quit the train at Aussig and º the rest of the journey by STEAMBoAT (three times daily, in 41/2-6 hrs.). The steamers start from Leitmeritz (p. 316); they reach Lobositz in "ſz hr., and Aussig in 2 hrs. more. A bold rock on the right bank, 280 ft. in height, resembling the Lurlei on the Rhine, is crowned with the extensive ruins of the *Schreckenstein, destroyed by the Hussites in 1426, the property of Prince Lobkowitz, who keeps them in good preservation. Beautiful view from the top. This forms a worthy termination to the more picturesque part of the Elbe scenery. 59 M. Zalesl lies pictures- quely on the river, opposite Sebusein (p. 316). 614/2 M. Praskowitz. 66 M. Lobositz (Post; Ross; Dampfschiff-Rest., on the Elbe, with view), a manufacturing town with a château of Prince Schwar- zenberg, was the scene of the first battle in the Seven Years' War, in which, on 1st Oct., 1756, the Prussians under Frederick the Great and the Duke of Brunswick defeated the Austrians under Marshal Brown. On the opposite bank are the village of Gross- 296 Route 44. RAUDNITZ. Cernosek (p. 316), noted for its wine, and the Hradek (1180 ft.) with its chapel. The Mileschauer (p. 300) may be easily ascended from Lobositz, by Wellemin, in 3 hrs. 71 M. Theresienstadt (Rail. Rest.); the fortified town (Hôtel Kronprinz Rudolf; pop. 11,482), lies 11/2 M. to the N., at the influx of the Eger. Fine *View of the picturesque basaltic cones of the Mittelgebirge from the station: to the N.E., the Geltsch and Kelch- berg; to the N., the Kreuzberg, Radischken, and Radobil; to the N.W., the Lobosch, Mileschauer, and Kletschen; to the W. the Rostial, with a ruined castle; to the S.W. the isolated Hasenburg. Beyond. Theresienstadt the Eger is crossed. 741/2 M. Hrobetz. 771/2 M. Raudnitz (Krone; Löwe ; Rail. Re- staurant) lies picturesquely on the Elbe (6614 inhab.). The château of Prince Lobkowitz contains a library (45,000 vols.), an armoury, and interesting pictures from the time of Charles V. to the Thirty Years' War. In 1350 the celebrated Cola di Rienzi, ‘the last of the tribunes', was confined in the castle for a year by Emp, Charles IV. To the right rises the conspicuous Georgenberg or Ripberg (1825 ft.), with its white chapel, 1 hr. S.E. of Raudnitz. 84 M. Wegstädtl; 89 M. Bežkowitz-Melnik, where the line quits the Elbe, into which the Moldau falls 3 M. higher up. 94 M. Jen- $owitz. In the distance, to the left, lies Melnik (p. 316). - 981/2 M. Weltrus, with a château and park of Count Chotek, where we reach the Moldau. 400 M. Mühlhausen (with a château of Prince Lobkowitz); we pass through several tunnels and galleries, and cross the Zakolaner Bach. 102 M. Kralup (Rail. Rest.), junc- tion for Neratowitz and Turnau (p. 327), and for Kladno and Wej- hybka (p. 300), with large factories and railway-works. On the opposite bank the ruin of Chwatérub. The train slowly follows the sinuosities of the Moldau. 106 M. Libsitz; 112 M. Roxtok, amidst fruit-trees, with chemical works; 114 M. Selé; 416 M. Podbaba, at the mouth of the picturesque valley of the Scharka. At (118 M.) Bubené, the last station before Prague, the narrow, rocky valley widens. Charming scenery. The line intersects the lower part of the Baumgarten (p. 292), and is carried across the Moldau and several of its arms, and over the Hetzinsel, Jerusalem sinsel, and the Karolinenthal by a vast viaduct of 87 arches, 1450 yds. long (which cost 31/2 mill, fl.). On the left rises the Ziskaberg, memorable as the scene of the great Hussite battle of 1420, in which the Pro- testants were led by Ziska. 121 M. Prague, see p. 281. 45. Teplitz and Environs. Comp. Plan, p. 304. Hotels. *KöNIG von PREUssBN (P.I. a), in the Stefans-Platz, by the Kaiserbad, R. from 4 fl., D. 1 fl. 30 kr. ; *STADT LONDON and Post in the Lang-Gasse; ZUM ALTEN RATHHAUs, in the market-place. – KRONPRINZ RUDOLF and BLAUER STERN in the Bahnhofs-Str.: ScHWARZEs Ross, Kirchen- TEPLITZ. 45. Route. 297 gasse; BAHNHOFs-HoTEL. — At Schönau : *NEPTUNE (Pl. N), at the S. end of the Humboldt Grounds; HERMANN's BURG (P1. F), Neubadallee; HAUs OESTERREICH, and others. Restaurants. At all the hotels (see above); Garten-Salon, in the Schloss- garten; Kursalon, in the Stefans-Platz ; Schwarzes Ross, Kirchengasse, by the Stadtbad and the lower entrance of the Schlossgarten; Goldnes Schiff, Preussischer Hof, Seume-Str., near the Curgarten; Weilburg, Linden-Str., in the direction of Schönau; Germania, Steinbadgasse, at Schönau, etc. — Beer at the Leitmerize, Bierhalle, with garden, in the Schul-Platz, and the Erzherzog Stefan, König-Str., by the Kurgarten. — Wine at Schäck's, Bade- platz, Fiala's, Linden-Str., and Fleck’s, Lang-Gasse. Cafés. Kursalon (see above), with reading-rooms; Theater-Café, at the theatre, towards the Kurgarten. Apartments at the Kaiserbad, the Stadtbad, the Steinbad, the Herren- haus-Fürstenbäder, and the Schlangenbad and Weubad at Schönau, Private lodgings also abound, those at Schönau mostly having gardens. Room 5-25 fl. per week. Inquiry may be made of the Bath Inspector at the Kursalon, or at the burgomaster's office in Schönau. Mineral Water Depôt at the house “Zum Englischen Gruss', in the Badeplatz; branches in the Kurgarten. Visitors' and Music Tax for a stay of more than a week, 1st class 9 fl., members of a family 6 fl. each; 2nd class, 6 or 4, 3rd class 4 or 1/2, 4th class 11/2 fl. — Music-tax for a stay of 3-8 days, 50 kr. — A band plays in the Kurgarten from 6.30 to 8 a.m., in the Schlossgarten from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m., and in the Kurgarten on Mon. and Frid., 5-7. Military band at the Schönau Pavilion on Sun. and Thurs., 10-111/2, and on Wed, and Sat., 5-7. Dancing Réunions in the Gartensalon and Hôt. Neptun every Saturday, 8-12 p.m. — Theatre in the Curgarten. Garriages. Drive within Teplitz and Schönau, one-horse carr. 40, two- horse 60 kr., */2 hr. 60 or 80 kr., 1 hr. 1 or 1/2 fl. 5 forenoon 2/2 or 4 ſl. (and fee), afternoon 3 fl. 70 kr. or 5 fl. (fee); to or from the Aussig station, 10 kr, with luggage 60 kr., two-horse 80 kr., to the Dux-Boden- bach Station 80 or 1 fl. 30 kr. English Church Service during the season. Teplitz (725 ft.; Slavonic ‘warm bath'; 6000 patients annually), a favourite watering-place with 17,396 inhab., lies in a broad and undulating basin between the Erzgebirge and the Mittelgebirge, 3 M. to the N. of the Biela. It is now united with the village of Schönau by several streets. The thermal springs (97-125° Fahr.), said to have been discovered as early as 762, are almost entirely free from mineral ingredients. They are beneficial in cases of gout, rheumatism, stiffness of joints, etc., and are chiefly used for bathing. Their principal source is the Urquelle in the Stadtbad (Pl. 3), which supplies the Fürstenbäder and the Herrenhaus (Pl. 6), the small Sofienbad (P1. 10), frequented by Jews, and the Kaiserbad (Pl. 1). The Steinbad (Pl. 5) and Stefansbad (Pl. 4) in the part of Teplitz next Schönau, and the Schlangenbad (Pl. 9) and Newbad (Pl. 8) at Schönau, are supplied by separate springs, with a temperature of 90-4 109 Fahr. The pleasant Kurgarten (Pl. D, 3) is enclosed by the hand- some buildings of the Herrenhaus, the Kursalon, the Kaiserbad, and the Theatre. A number of the patients assemble here at an early hour to drink the waters of Teplitz and others, while the band discourses its music. A little higher up, adjoining the linden-avenue leading to 20 298 Route 45. TEPLITZ. Schlossgarten. Schönau, is the small Seume-Park, where the poet Johann Gott- fried Seume (d. 1810) is buried. Farther on are the Payer-Anlagen, at the foot of the Mont de Ligne (768 ft. ; ascended from the Lin- den-Str.), a terraced hill, with a belvedere and restaurant, com- manding a fine panorama. — On the N. side of the Linden-Strasse are a number of lodging-houses and public buildings, including the Saa.on and Prussian Military Baths, the Bürger-Spital and the John’sche Spital. Beyond these rise the new Synagogue, with a conspicuous dome, and the Protestant Church, on a terrace above the Elisabeth-Str. Between Teplitz and Schönau extends the Kaiser-Park (Pl. E, F, 2), adjoining which are the Steinbad and the Stefansbad, men- tioned above, the Austrian Military Bath House (Pl. 18), built in 1807, the Schlangenbad, further distant, and, on a hill to the N., the Roman Catholic Church (Pl. E, F, 2) of Schönau. On the S. this park is adjoined by the Humboldt-Anlagen, and to the N.E., behind the Austrian Bath House, is the Newbad-Allee, with the Neu- bad (p. 297). * ——s The most attractive pleasure-grounds at Teplitz are those of *Prince Clary's Schlossgarten (P1, B, C, 4), at the back of the Schloss, which occupies the highest site in the town. The grounds, with their fine old timber, and two large ponds enlivened with swans, were laid out at the end of last century. They are reached . from the Badeplatz by the Kirchgasse, leading to the S.; or from the Schloss-Platz (with its rococo fountain-column of 1717) by the chief portal of the Schloss; or by an entrance adjoining the Garten-Salon (p. 297), where the band plays from 14 to 1. In the Schlossgarten, on the E. side, is the Meierei (Pl. C, D, 4), or dairy. The best view of Teplitz is afforded by the *Königshöhe (867 ft.; Pl. D, E, 4), ascended by a path with steps from the Stefansplatz, or from the Badeplatz through the Kirchgasse, and past the lower entrance to the Schlossgarten. The finest point is marked by a wooden hut, near the Monument of King Frederick William III., who frequently visited Teplitz, erected in 1841. A little farther on are the Belvedere and Schlackenburg Restaurants, the latter a grotesque castellated building of slag and brick; and in the di- rection of the Meierei is the Schiesshaus. – To the S. (40 min.) rises the Wachholderberg (1253ft.), also a very fine point of view. We ascend by the Bilin road, past the Schlossgarten, and take the ‘Katharinenweg” to the right. Halfway up is the Bergschlösschen Restaurant. Another good vantage-ground is the Stefanshöhe (837 ft.; P1. F, 3), which rises to the E., above Schönau, ascended from the Prager Strasse (Pl. F, 4), or to the right from the route to the Schlossberg (Pl, F, 2, 3). — A path diverging to the right, 1/2 M. 'beyond the toll at the end of the Prager Strasse, leads past a tan- nery to the Fasanerie, a pheasant-preserve with a forester's house. Environs. TEPLITZ. 45. Route. 299 To the E. of Schönau, further distant, rises the Schlossberg (1286 ft. ; comp. Pl, F, 2, 3; ascent 3/4 hr.), with the ruins of a castle destroyed in 1655. (Restaurant and view.) The Mecséry-Weg (Pl, F, 2, 1) leads from Schönau to the (3/4 M) Turner Park, and, crossing the main street of the village of Turn, to the (11/2 M.) Probstauer Park (refreshments at the forester's). Eichwald (1194 ft.; * Kurhaus Theresienbad, 1380 ft., well fitted up, with baths of every description, R. 7-20 fl. per week, pens. 2-4 fl. ; *Dr. Brecher's Hydropathic, lower down ; lodgings abound), 31/2 M. to the N.W. of Teplitz, situated on a slope and in a ravine of the Erzgebirge, amidst beautiful woods, is a favou- rite summer-resort. The dusty high-road from Teplitz to Eich- wald passes numerous mines of brown-coal (omnibus several times daily; carr. 2, and pair 31/2 fi.); a longer but pleasanter route leads by Weisskirchlitz. — A road and paths lead from Eichwald to the (25 min.) Schweissjäger, a forester's house, which commands a picturesque view of the plain, bounded by the Schlossberg and the Mileschauer. — A level road leads to the W., through Prince Clary's deer-park, to (11/4 M.) the Doppelburg, another forester's house often visited. ) At the foot of the Erzgebirge, 3 M. to the N.E. of Teplitz, lies the old mining town of Graupen (1116 ft.; rail. stat., p. 294), near which rise the Wilhelmshöhe (1156 ft.) and the *Rosenburg (1381 ft.), two fine points. To the E., above Hohenstein, rises (1/2 hr.) the ruin of Geiersburg (1581 ft.). The Graupen road then ascends by Obergraupen (the old road to which is shorter, but steeper) to the (4M.) Mückenthirmchen (2644 ft. ; Inn), a conspicuous point on the crest of the Erzgebirge (carr. from Teplitz 5 fl. 70 kr., and pair 8 fl.). The *Mileschauer, or Donnersberg (2740 ft.), 31/2 hrs. to the S.E. of Teplitz, commands the most extensive and picturesque view in Bohemia. Rustic *Inn at the top. Road (carriage with two horses in 11/2 hr., 8 fl., or with one horse in 2 hrs., 5 fl.) from Teplitz to Pilkau (1930 ft.), whence the summit is easily reached in 1 hr. by a path indicated by white marks. The small town of Dux (Krone; Ross; Rail. Restaur.), 6 M. to the S.W. of Teplitz (rail in 20 min.), a mining and manufacturing place, contains a Schloss (adjoining the church with its three red towers) of Count Wald- stein, a kinsman of the celebrated Wallenstein, with various memorials of the great general. The reservoir in the entrance-court was made of the metal of guns captured by Wallenstein. The greater part of the château is more modern. — Railway from Dux to Bodenbach, see p. 294; to Bilin, Prague, and Saaz, see p. 300. At the foot of the Erzgebirge, 3 M. farther W. (railway in 10 min.), is the Small town of Ossegg (Kaiser von (Esterreich), with the famous Cistercian abbey of Ossegg, founded in the 12th cent. (beautiful gardens). In a ravine, 3/4 hr. farther on, is the ruined castle of Riesenburg. We re- turn to (6 M.) Teplitz either by railway viá, Kosten, or by road vià (3 M.) Klosterga'ab (Rathbaus), a small and ancient mining-town at the base of the Erzgebirge, near which is the Königshügel (1852 ft.), a good point of view. The Battle-Field of Kulm lies near Arbesaw, 1/2 M. to the N. of Kulm. 300 Route 46. SAAZ. (p. 294). The old post-road from Kulm to Dresden ascends in numerous windings to Wollendorf, where on 29th Aug., 1813, several bloody skirmishes took place between the Russian and Austrian troops on one side, com- manded by the King of Prussia and the Austrian general Count Collo- redo, and the French under Vandamme. On the 30th the Prussians under Kleist advanced through the numerous defiles of the neighbourhood and decided the battle in favour of the allies. The entire French corps, con- sisting of nearly 40,000 men, was obliged to surrender. Memorials of the victory have been erected by the Russians, Austrians, and Prussians. 46. From Prague to Karlsbad and Eger. 149 M. RAILWAY (Bºschäehrad Line) in 6-9 hrs. The train starts from the Staats-Bahnhof (p. 281), crosses the Moldau to the (13/4. M.) Bubna Station, and skirts the town (Klein- seite) in a wide curve. 33/4 M. Sandthor Station; 6 M. Weleslawin; 8 M. Libotz. To the left rises the Weisse Berg; on its N.W. slope lies the Stern (p. 293). 9 M. Rusin; 111/2 M. Hostiwitz; 131/2 M. Jené; 171/2 M. Unhoscht; 20 M. Wejhyöka, station for the busy mining town of Kladno (17,245 inhab.). To KRALUP, 171/2 M., branch-line in 11/4 hr., traversing the rich Kladno coal-district. Stations Wew-Kladno, Duby, Buschtiehrad (2 M. to the N. is the castle of that name, the property of the Emperor, with extensive coal-- mines). At stat. Brandeisl the line crosses the Prague and Teplitz high- road, and passes several large iron-foundries. Stations Zakolan, Wotwowitz, and Kralup (p. 296). 231/2 M. Smedna-Sternberg; 30 M. Lana; 32 M. Neustraschitz; then through woods. To the right of (35 M.) René are the heights of the Sbanwald. 401/2M. Lužna-Lischam (branch-line to Rakonitz and Beraun, p. 809); 431/2 M. Krupa (junction for Kolleschowitz); 46"/2 M. Milostin-Kounowa. The line crosses a wooded hill and enters the valley of the Trnowa. 524/2 M. Satkau-Teschnitz; 571/2 M. Michelob; 621/2 M. Trnowan (to the right Schloss Dobritschan, with a small mineral-bath). The train then crosses the Eger. 651/2 M. Saaz (Engel ; Hanslick), an old town on the right bank of the Eger, with 13,234 inhab., a stronghold of the Hussites in the 15th cent., besieged in vain by the Germans in 1419. The old Dekanatskirche was founded in 1383, the Rathhaus in 1559. Hops are largely cul- tivated here. FROM SAAZ To DUX, 27 M. (rail in 1/2 hr.). Stations Lischan, Postel- berg (where the train quits the Eger and turns to the N.), Potscherad, Seidowitz, and Obernitz, junction of the Bria and Prague Railway (see below), where the line enters the Bielathal. 23 M. Sauerbrunn (*Kurhaus), whence upwards of 1,000,000 bottles of the well-known Biliner Sauer- brunnen water are exported annually. To the right rises the Biliner Stein, or Borschen (1755 ft.), the largest mass of clinkstone, or phonolite, in Germany, with rare flora. Then (24 M.) Bilin (Hohes Haus; Löwe), a manufacturing town on the Biela, with a château of Prince Lobkowitz, and the junction of the Bielathal railway (to Aussig in 2 hrs., see p. 295). 27 M. Dua, see p. 299. From Saaz to Pilsen, see p. 310. The line enters the valley of the Saubach. 70 M. Horatitz; 74 M. Priesen (1000 inhab.), with iron-works and a mineral spring. 80 M. Komotau (*Scherber; Reiter; *Rail. Rest.), an old town BRÖX. 46. Route 301 (13,030 inhab.) with a late-Gothic church, at the foot of the Erz- gebirge. The Stadtpark (1/2 M.) is a favourite resort. FROM KoMoTAU To TEPLITZ, 29 M. (rail in 2 hrs.) 31/2 M. Udwitz-Görkau, with cotton-mills and fruit-gardens, is also a station on the Bodenbach and Komotau line. On the slope to the left the white château of Rothen- haus, the seat of Countess Buquoy. Stations Wurzmes (junction for Pot- scherad), Holtschitz-Seestadtl, Thiebschitz. 13 M. Brüx (Ross; Löwe ; Adler; Rail. Restaur.), a thriving town with 14,938 inhab., with a late-Gothic church and old-fashioned Rathhaus, commanded by a ruined castle. On the road to Saaz, 6 M. to the S., are the mineral springs of Pillma. [FROM BRüx To PRAGUE, 88 M., railway (Prag - Duarer Bahn; 4 hrs.). Stat. Obernitz (junction of the Saaz and Dux line, see above); 9 M. Hoch- petsch, a little to the N. of which are the mineral springs of Saidschätz; 181/2 M. Lawn, a busy town (6346 inhab.) on the Eger; 44 M. Schlan, on the Rothe Bach, a thriving town of 9086 inhab., with extensive coal-pits. |Farther on, the line crosses the Kralup-Kladno and the Prague - Komotaw railways (see above), and reaches the W. station of (88 M.) Prague (p. 281).] Beyond Brüx, on the left, at the foot of the Erzgebirge, lies the monastery of Ossegg, with the Riesenburg beyond it (p. 299). To the right rise several basaltic peaks, and in the distance the Biliner Borschen. Stations Maria-Ratschitz; Preschen, 23 M. Dua. (p. 299); 29 M. Teplitz (p. 296). FROM KoMoTAU To CHEMNITZ, railway by Reitzenhain (66 M.; 51/4-6 hrs.) or by Weipert and Annaberg (82 M.; 73/4 hrs.). The first stations on the latter line are Tschernowitz and Domina-Schönlind. 20/2 M. Krima-Meudorf, where the line to Reitzenhain diverges. 23/2 M. Sonnenberg, 2 M. to the S.E., with a conspicuous church. 27 M. Pressnitz-Reischdorf; Pressnitz (3500 inhab.) is the home of many itimerant musicians. Beyond (30 M.) Fupferberg the line reaches its culminating point (2880 ft.); it then descends to (37. M.) Schmiedeberg and along the Saxon frontier to (44/2 M.) Weipert (2395 ft.), a town with 6400 inhab. (custom-house examination). From Weipert vià. Annaberg to Chemnitz, see Baedeker's W. Germany. — From Schmiedeberg a road leads by (4!/2. M.) Ober-Wiesenthal (2990 ft.; Deutscher Kaiser, &c.) to (2/2 M.) Gottesgab (3373 ft. ; Grünes Haus; Stadt Berlin), the highest town in Austria, once a busy mining place. The Fichtelberg (3980 ft.), the highest mountain in Saxony, may be ascended from Ober- Wiesenthal in 3/4 hr. ; at the top is a stone tower, which commands an extensive view, an important trigonometrical station. From Gottesgab by Joachimsthal to (9 M.) Schlackenwerth, see below. The Keilberg or Sonnen- wirbel (4083 ft.), the highest point of the Erzgebirge, may be ascended from the Gottesgab road in 1 hr. (tower at the top ; extensive view). The train to Karlsbad returns for a short distance on the rails just traversed, and then turns to the S.W. 844/2 M. Deutsch-Kralup. 871/2 M. Kaaden-Brunnersdorf, 2 M. to the S. of which, on the Eger, lies Kaaden (Sonne; Grüner Baum), an old town (6889 inhab.) with an interesting gateway and fine Rathbaus tower. Outside the town are a handsome late-Gothic Franciscan church, with a monastery, and pilgrimage-stations sculptured in stone. Fruit is largely culti- wated here. 92 M. Klösterle (Rathhaus), a small town belonging to Count Thun, with a new Rathhaus and a considerable porcelain-manu- factory. The train crosses the Eger and follows the pretty Egerthal. Several unimportant stations. It then quits the Eger and follows the Wistritzbach to the right, through a hilly district. 1071/2 M. Schlackenwerth (Renthaus; Adler), a small town with a château and park of the Grand-Duke of Tuscany. A post-road leads hence to the N. through the Erzgebirge to (5/2 M.) Joachimsthal (2365 ft.; *Stadt Dresden; Wilder Mann), a town of 7046 inhab., 302 Route 46. ELROGEN. From Prague with a modern church and a town-hall with a library. The word “thaler” is derived from the coins (‘Joachimsthaler") struck in the silver found here by Count Schlik in the 16th cent., but the mining is now insigni- ficant. From Joachimsthal to Gottesgab and Schmiedeberg, see above. The Keilberg (4083 ft.) may be ascended from Joachimsthal in 1 hr. (see above ; road to the top). The line now turns towards the S.W. to the station of (117. M.) Karlsbad (p. 304), which lies on the opposite bank of the Eger, 1 M. from the railway (cabs and omnibuses, see p. 305). Beyond Karlsbad the railway quits the Eger, which from this point to Elbogen flows through a deep and tortuous rocky ravine. We turn towards the N. and cross the Chodau-Thal to (124 M.) Chodau. To NEUDEK, 9 M. (branch-line in 1 hr.). The line traverses the coal- measures of Chodau, passes Münchhof and Poschetzau, and at (4 M.) Neu- rohlaw enters the pretty valley of the Rohlaubach. 9 M. Neudek (1834 ft.; Rathhaws; Herrenhaus; Post), a prettily situated town, with 3546 inhab., has a large cotton-mill and iron-rolling works. Diligence across the Erz- gebirge (3055 ft.) in 41/2 hrs, to Eibenstock on the Chemnitz-Adorf Line. (see Baedeker’s W. Germany). 127 M. Elbogen-Neusattel (1480 ft.). * To ELBoGEN, 4 M. (branch-line in 20 min.). Stat. Helenen-Schacht, with Siemens’ large glass-works (bottles) and coal-mines. Then the Vincenzi- schacht, the Katharinenschacht, and the village of Grünlas with brick- works. 4 M. Elbogen, Bohem. Loket (4454 ft.; * Weisses Ross; Hirsch; Scher- baum, near the suspension bridge) derives its name (“elbow') from the sudden bend of the Eger round the rocky eminence on which the town is charmingly situated. The old castle of the Margraves of Vohburg, sub- . sequently of the Hohenstaufen, founded in 870, is now a prison (fine view ; visitors admitted on application at the Bezirksamt). The Rathhaus con- tains a fragment and a model of a meteoric stone found here, called the “Verwünschte Markgraf’ (‘accursed count”), to which various traditions attach. Large porcelain-factories. – From the station a pleasant walk may be taken up the beautiful, wooded Geiersbachthal to the Schiesshaus (cross the Eger by the ‘Ziegelbrücke”, ascend the hill to the Eger high- road, and beyond it ascend the valley). We return by the road to the Chain-bridge, 80 ft. above the Eger, and follow the new road to the town ; or by the bridge descend to the Eger and follow the river through the Rolowrat Tunnel and reach the town by the Röhrsteg. — In the cemetery is a curious group of rocks, called the “Spitzige Stein'. A picturesque and shady road leads hence along the Eger to (3 M.) Hans Heiling's Rock (p. 308), and thence by Aich to Karlsbad (p. 304). The line returns to the Eger. 131 M. Falkenau (Anker), with a château of Count Nostitz. To KLINGENTHAL, 19 M. (branch-line in 2 hrs.). The train ascends the valley of the Zwodau to Davidsthal, Hartenberg, with a château of Count Auersperg, (8 M.) Bleistadt, an old mining town with 1400 inhab., and (11 M.) Annathal-Rothau, 3 M. to the E. of which is the small town of Heinrichsgrün. 14 M. Graslitz (1640 ft.; Kaiser von CEsterreich; Herren- haus), an industrial town with 7900 inhabitants. Then across the Saxon frontier to (19 M.) Klingenthal, whence a branch-railway runs to Zwota, on the Chemnitz and Adorf railway (see Baedeker’s W. Germany). 1334/2 M. Ziedit: ; 137 M. Dassnitz; 140 M. Königsberg–Maria- kulm. The old provostry of Mariakulm, 11/2 M. to the N., with a pilgrimage - church, is said to have been once a haunt of robbers, the bones of whose victims (?) are shown in a vault. 142 M. Mostau- Nebanitz; 1461/2 M. Tirschmitz, junction for Franzensbad (p. 63). The train crosses the Eger. to Eger. EGER. 46. Route. 303 149 M. Eger, Bohem. Cheb, or Ohre (1470 ft.; * Welzel's Hôtel Kaiser Wilhelm, at the station, R., L., & A. from 14/2 fl.; Hôt. New- berger; Kronprinz Rudolf and Victoria in the Bahnhof-Str. ; *Drei Erzherzoge, in the Ring, next the post-office; Rail. Restaur.), on the Eger, with 18,483 inhab., formerly a free imperial town and fortress, lies on a hill on the right bank of the Eger. The fortifi- cations were rased in 1809. In the Burgomaster's House or Stadt- haus, in the ‘Ring', on 25th Feb., 1634, Wallenstein was assas- sinated by the Irishman Devereux. (Tickets at the police guard-room, 30 kr.) The rooms in the upper story, which Wallenstein occupied before his death, contain a Museum of antiquities and curiosities (observe the guild vessels and cabinets), including mementoes of the great general, most of them of doubtful genuineness (the partisan with which he was assassinated, his sword, his writing-fable, etc.). A worthless picture de- signates the foul deed as the ‘Execution of the General of Friedland.” A second represents the treacherous murder of Wallenstein's officers Illo, Terczky, Kinsky, and Neumann, with the names of the perpetrators, Cols. Butler, Gordon, Leslie, Geraldin, and 50 soldiers. The so-called portrait of Wallenstein, which is also shown, differs from authenticated likenesses. The Council Chamber contains portraits of the emperors from Leopold, I. onwards. The Imperial * Castle, situated in the angle formed by a bastion of the old fortifications, on a rock above the river, N.W. of the town, erected by Frederick Barbarossa about the year 1180, and once inhabited by kings and emperors, is now a ruin. The lofty square tower, built of blocks of lava, belongs to the ancient castle which stood here before the time of Barbarossa. The elegant double Chapel, the lower Romanesque (1188), the upper pointed (1295), is interesting. Of the adjoining banquet-room, in which the above-mentiomed officers of Wallenstein were murdered a few hours before Devereux assassinated his general, the arches of the windows now alone remain. Since the perpetration of that crime the castle has never been inhabited. The court- yard is now a garden. The terrace, 80 ft. above the Eger, commands a pleasing view: to the E., in the direction of the stream, rise the three towers of Mariakulm (p. 302). The casemates are still well preserved, and indeed externally the castle almost resembles a modern fort with a drawbridge. The handsome church of the deanery of St. Nicholas, founded in 1111, in the pointed style, with nave and aisles of equal height, borne by eight pillars, contains old paintings by Lucas (15th cent.), discovered in 1856, and a fine new pulpit. — Military Swimming School by the Schützenhaus. ExCURSIONS FROM EGER. The basaltic Kammerbühl (1640 ft.), described by Goethe, 3/4 hr. to the N.W.; the castle of Kinsberg, 4 M. to the S., with pleasing view; the Grünberg (1968 ft.) with the Chapel of St. Anne, commanding distant views; the abbey of Waldsassen (rail. Stat.; p. 63), founded in 1128 and secularized in 1803; Aleaxandersbad (p. 82), Marienbad (p. 311), etc. Franzensbad (1447 ft.; Post, *Hübner, both in the Kaiser-Str.; * British Hôtel and *Park Hôtel, Park-Str. ; Erzherzogin Gisela, Bahnhof-Str.: Kaiser von CEsterreich, Louisen-Str.; *Grand Hôtel, Salzquell-Str. ; * Holzer, Kreuz, Kulmer-Str.; Stadt Leipzig, 304 Route 47. KARLSBAI), Kirchen-Str.; Forster's Hôtel Garni), a watering-place 41/2 M. to the N. of Eger (railway in 12 min.), possesses ten mineral springs (chalybeate and saline, impregnated with carbonic acid gas), called the Egerbrunnen, used for bathing and drinking, and also mud and gas-baths. It contains 2370 inhab., and is visited annually by 40,000 patients. English Church Service in summer. Over the Franzensquelle is a temple from which a long colonnade leads to the Kursaal. The park contains a statue of Francis I. , the founder of the baths, in bronze, designed by Schwanthaler. Excurs IONs. To the N.W. to the (3/4 hr.) Antonienhöhe (1620 ft.), and to the castles of Seeberg (11/4 hr.) and Liebenstein (2 hrs.), all fine points of view ; N. to Schönberg and Wildstein (each 2 hrs.); S., to the (ſz hr.) Café Miramonte, and thence to the (1/2 hr.) Kammerbühl (see above) and to the (1/2 hr.) * Siechenhaus (Restaurant), prettily situated amid wood, */2 hr. W. of Eger, with a charming view. 47. Karlsbad and Environs. Hotels. *GRAND HôTEL PUPP (Pl. a); *GoLDENER SCHILD UND ZWEI DEUTSCHE MONARCHEN (Pl. b), between the Becher-Platz and the Neue Wiese; "ANGER’s HôTEL (Pl. c.), in the Neue Wiese, on the right bank of the Tepl; HôT. KRoH, Park-Str., opposite the Stadtpark; *STADT HANNOVER, in the market-place ; HôTEL DE RUSSIE (Pl.,e), PARADIES (Pl. f.), both in the Kaiser-Str., opposite the Kurhaus. – HôTEL NATIONAL (Pl. g), Garten- zeile; Don AU (PI. h), Park-Str.: STADT Lyon (P1, i), Bahnhof-Str.: DREI FASANEN, Kirchengasse; HoPFENSTOCK, Geweihdiggasse (the last five open the whole year); *ERzHERzog KARL, Kirchengasse; *MoRGENSTERN, Kaiser- Str.; HôTEL LOTB, Geweihdiggasse; BAIERISCHER HOF, Eger-Str. (for passing travellers). Charges vary, being lower before and after the height of the season. — Furnished apartments easily procured without first stopping at a hotel (Enquiry-office in the Nordische Hof, Kreuzgasse). The best situa- tions are the “Alte” and “Neue Wiese’, the Market, Park-Strasse, and the Schlossberg (Hôtels garnis: Königs - Villa, Victoria, König von Dänemark, Englisches Haus, König von England, Europa, etc.). Terms should be arranged beforehand, and it is sometimes advisable to reduce the lease to writing. Gafés. *Pupp's Café-Salon, Alte Wiese (open-air concert several times weekly); *Stadtpark; *Elephant; Theater-Café, next the theatre; Impérial, near the chalybeate spring, large new establishment; Stadt Hamburg, Kreuz- gasse. — Restaurants. *Pupp's Restaurant and Salle de Saave, Alte Wiese ; *Kurhaus; Stadtpark; *Hopfenstock, see above; *Morgenstern, Kaiser-Str.; Oster'. Hof, Neue Wiese; Loib, see above; Sanssouci, Kiesweg ; Römer, Stadt Leipzig, Geweihdiggasse; Blauer Stern, Pragergasse; Schützenhaus; Leitner, König von Sachsen, Neue Wiese. — Wine: Richter, Stark, both near the Roman Catholic Church; Friedel, Becher-Platz; Weisshaupt, Alte Wiese. — Beer (generally Pilsner) at all the restaurants. Reading Room in the Kurhaus, 15 kr. daily, 70 kr. weekly, 2 fl. monthly, well supplied with newspapers, with a room for ladies. Concerts. The “Kurkapelle”, or band of the baths, plays daily, 6-8 a.m., in two detachments, one at the Sprudel, the other at the Mühl- brunnen. Afternoon concerts in the Stadtpark on Sun., at Pupp’s on Tues. and Thurs., and in the Posthof (charge for admission) on Mon. and Frid. ; evening-concerts at the Sanssouci, Salle de Saxe, and Kurhaus. Also at times a military band at Pupp's, etc. Theatre, Neue Wiese ; performances from end of April to end of September. — Summer Theatre, above the Café Sanssouci (not regular). 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Pozzº º --~~~~~~~~~~~ ººzzº, sº sº tº ..., *, *-*.*.* º, º 'º. --- º * * * º * -º - - - º - -> .* : - - - º …sº -- - -º- º º - - - .."? -., -e ºs º º o - - - - º a- º - * ºn - - - - - º - * ...”… .º. º. º. • gº º sº -- -> - - º o * * * º, º, wº MAR1 EN BAD). 1:11.500. 200 - - Meter - 100 so - Springs. - KARLSB AD. 47. Route. 305 cabs. From or to the station, with one horse 1 fl. 20 kr, with two horses (‘Fiaker") 2 ſl. (at night 11/2 or 21/2 fl.). Luggage 30-50 kr. — In the town, per Iſa hr., 50, ſ2 hr. 80, each additional ||4 hr. 20 kr.; with two horses per 1/2 hr. 1 ſl. 20 kr., each additional 1/2 hr. 60 kr. At night (6 p.m. to 6 a. m.), one half-fare more. Drive to Aich, Dallwitz, or Pirkenhammer, 2 or 3 fl., &c. Omnibus from the station to the town 40 kr., each box 10 kr. — Also to Pirkenhammer, Aich, Giesshiibel-Puchstein, Dallwitz, etc. Donkeys (incl. fee); whole day 41/2, half day 3 fl.; to the Hirschensprung or Dreikreuzberg 11/2 fl.; to the spring 80 kr. Sprudelstein wares in the Alte Wiese; Incrustations (deposits formed by the mineral waters) at Tschammerhöll's, at the back of the Sprudel Colon- made. — Karlsbad Wafers (“Oblaten’) at Barbara Beyer's, Königshof. ‘Brunnenkuchen', eaten by patients, is a kind of cake without Spice. English Church (p. 306): Service during the season at 11 and 4 p.m. – Presbyterian (British-American) Divine Service from June 1st to Aug. 31st in the Kurhaus. Karlsbad (1165 ft.), a celebrated watering-place, with 12,000 inhab. and upwards of 25,000 visitors annually, the waters of which are especially efficacious in liver-complaints, is situated in the narrow valley of the Tepl (near its confluence with the Eger), the pine – clad slopes of which are traversed by paths in all directions. The springs are said to have been discovered in 1347 by Emp. Char- les IV. while hunting (whence the monument in the Stadtgarten); but Karlsbad was known as a health-resort a century earlier. The chief ingredients of the mineral water are sulphate of soda, car- bonate of soda, and common salt. The springs rise near the Tepl from beneath a very hard kind of rock, known as Sprudelschale, or Sprudel- decke, a crust from which, wherever it is broken through, the hot water gushes up. The greater part of the town is built upon this crust, under which it is believed that there exists a large common reservoir of the mineral water, known as the “Sprudelkessel’. The steam of this sub- terranean cauldron escapes through artificial apertures in the rock, which, on account of the incrustations deposited by the water, require to be cleared and enlarged every three months. If the usual egress of the water and gas is obstructed at any one spot, they rise with increased force at the other outlets, and have even been known to force a new passage for themselves. At the time of the earthquake of Lisbon the Sprudel ceased to flow for three days. There are in all sixteen hot and two cold springs, which vary in temperature from 50° to 167° Fahr. and —are used both for bathing and drinking. About 3,000,000 bottles of the water and 90,000lbs. of the salt are exported annually. The oldest and most copious of these springs is the Sprudel (Pl. 5; 1620 Fahr.), on the right bank of the Tepl, which yields about 33 cubic ft. per minute, and connected with which is the Hygiea - Quelle. On the left bank are the Mühlbrunnen (Pl. 10; 124°), the Neubrunnen (Pl. 11; 140°), the Theresienbrunnen (PI, 13; 1389), the Marktbrunnen (P1. 9; 110°), the Kaiser-Karls-Quelle (Pl. 7; 113°), and the Schlossbrunnen (P1. 12; 126°); more or less connected with these are the Quelle zur Russischen Krone (Pl. 2; 93%), the Bernhards-Brunnen (Pl. 1; 149°), the Elisabeth – Quelle (Pl. 3; 108°), the Felsenquelle (Pl. 4; 1389), the Spitalbrunnen (Pl. 14; 95°), the Kurhausbrunnen (P1, 8; 1499), the Kaiserbrunnen (Pl. 6; 120°), and the Hochbergerquelle (105°). The two cold springs are the Stefanie-Quelle (alkaline-saline, with carbonic acid; 70°), BAEDEKER's S. Germany. 7th Edit. 20 306 Route 47. KARLSBAD. Sprudel Colonnade. ( below the Schweizerhof (p. 307) and the Eisenquelle (48%), on the slope of the Dreikreuzberg. There are six Bath-houses, with min- eral, mud, vapour, and other baths in different parts of the town (the Sprudel Baths, the Stadthaus by the Mühlbadplatz, the Kur- haus, the Fremden-Hospital, the Neubad, the Eisenbad, etc.). At an early hour, in the height of the season (June and July) even before 5 a.m., the water-drinkers repair to the various springs. At the Mühlbrunnen and Sprudel, where the band plays from 6 to 8, the crowd is often so great, that the patients have to wait more than quarter of an hour before they are served with a glass of water. The town is creeping up towards the Railway-Station, to the N., on the left bank of the Eger, but the busiest part of it is the quarter bounded by the Stadtpark on the N. and the Pupp'sche Etablisse- ment on the S. Adjoining the pleasant Stadtpark, on the left bank of the Tepl; is the ‘Park Restaurant (p. 304), with a colonnade contiguous, where the water of the Parkguelle, conducted hither from the Theresienbrunnen, is drunk. On the opposite bank is the Newbad, with mud-baths. To the S.W. of the Stadtpark runs the handsome Parkstrasse, in which, on the left, rises the Synagogue, erected in 1876–77 from designs by Wolff of Stuttgart. On the S.E. side of the Stadtpark is the Military Bath House (Pl. 6), within which rise the Kaiserbrunnen and the Hochberger- quelle (see above). Next comes the Kurhaus (at the S. end of which is the Kurhaus-Brunnen, P1.8), high above which lies the Fremden- spital with the Spitalbrunnen (PI. 14). On the lower ground, fur- ther on, passing the Felsenquelle (Pl. 4), we come to the *Mühl- brunnen Colonnade (Pl. 10), of the Corinthian order, erected by Zitek in 1871–78, with the Elisabeth-Quelle, the Theresienbrunnen, the Bernhardsbrunnen, the Newbrunnen, and the Mühlbrunnen. Above the colonnade are the grounds of the Schlossberg (see below). From the Colonnade the Mühlbadgasse leads to the MARKET PLACE, where the Kaiser Karls-Quelle (Pl. 7) and the Marktbrun- men (Pl. 9) rise under a wooden ‘Trinkhalle', with the Stadtthurm towering above it. On the left is the Post Office. To the N.W. a broad flight of steps ascends to the SCHLossBERG, on which are sit- uated the English Church and a number of handsome lodging- houses. Here, on the right, under a plain wooden colonnade, rises the Schlossbrunnen (PI. 12), opposite which, on the left, is the Russische Kronenquelle (Pl. 2). From the lower end of the market-place the Sprudelbrücke crosses the Tepl to the *Sprudel Colonnade (Pl. 5), an imposing iron structure, completed by Helmer and Fellner in 1879. Within this colonnade rise the Hygiea-Quelle (Pl. 2), adorned with a statue of Hygiea by Fernkorn, and the SPRUDEL (p. 305), which gushes up in 40–60 jets per minute, 11/2 ft. thick, and varying from 6 to 13 ft. in height. In the Kirchplatz, beyond the colonnade, stands the Rom. Cath. Magdalenenkirche (Pl. 24), with a terraced plat- Walks, KARLSBAD. 47. Route. 307 form, erected in 1732–36. Above this, reached by the Schulgasse, are the Stefanshöhe, the Stadtgarten, with a statue of Emp. Char- les IV. by Jos. Max, erected in 1868 on the ‘500th anniversary’ of the discovery of the springs, and the Panorama Grounds (Café), which afford a charming survey of the town. On the S. side of the market-place, skirting the Tepl; is the Alte Wiese, the most frequented promenade at Karlsbad, with the best shops, some of them in the ground-floors of the houses, others in the bazaar opposite. The Alte Wiese ends at the Goethe-Platz, near the Salle de Sawe (p. 304) and the extensive Pupp'sche Anlagen. Opposite the Alte Wiese, the Neue Wiese, on the right bank of the Teply, leads past the Stadttheater (built by Fellner and Hel- mer, richly decorated, and lighted by electricity) to the Pupp'sche Brücke, whence the Marienbader Strasse goes on, past the Small Russian Church (Pl. 18) and the Protestant Church (Pl. 16), built in 1856, to the Karlsbrücke (see below). Of the many beautiful WALKs the most popular, because level, is through the Pupp’sche Allee and the Goethe-Wiese (embellished with a marble bust of Goethe by Donndorf), and by the Kiesweg, passing the Rasumowska-Sitz, the Rohan-Sitz, and the Kaiserin- Sitz, to the (1/4 hr.) *Café Sanssouci (above which lies the Summer Theatre, p. 304). On the rocks by the way-side may be read in- scriptions in many different languages, gratefully extolling the effi- cacy of the springs. A little farther on, leaving the Karlsbrücke on the left, and passing the ‘Wieruhrpromenade' (in shade after 4 p.m.) on the right, we follow the avenue of poplars in the Ma- rienbader Strasse to the (1/4 hr.) *Café Posthof, with its pleasant garden. On the opposite bank of the Tepl are the *Café Schön- brunn, the Dorotheen-Säuerling and the *Café Schweizerhof. About 8 min. W. of the Posthof, at the end of the Wieruhr promenade, are the Schwarzenberg Monument and the Thérésienplatz. From the Posthof we ascend past the Antonsruhe and the Stahlbuche to (1/4hr.) the Freundschafts-Saal, another café, where a military band often plays (adm. 60 kr.). About 10 min. farther on is the ro- mantic *Kaiserpark, whence we may extend our walk, crossing the Tepl halfway, to (1 M.) Pirkenhammer (1340 ft.; Hôt. Habsburg; Café Leibold; omnibus), with its large porcelain-factory. To the left of the factory (3/4 hr.) is the Mecsáry-Höhe (2038 ft.), a good point of view. In returning we may follow the shady ‘Plobenweg” on the right bank of the Tepl, and cross the stream at the Posthof; or we may follow the hill-side by the “Schwindelweg', leading through the Café Schönbrunn and down to the Kiesweg in the valley. OTHER WALKs. From the Schlossberg the Hirschensprunggasse and a good path beyond it ascend to the *Hirschensprung (1635 ft.), with an admirable view of the town and the Erzgebirge (Café). The neighbouring Theresienhöhe, the Petershöhe, with a memorial-tablet and a bust of Peter the Great, and Mayer's Gloriette are also good 20% 308 Route 47. KARLSBAD. Excursions. points of view. We return to the Schlossberg by the Jubiläumsweg, passing the “Himmel auf Erden'. From the Goethe-Platz by the Mariengåsschen to the Marien— kapelle, and thence by good paths, indicated by notices, to the right to the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Platz, and to the left, past the Ecce- Homo-Kapelle, to the (1/2 hr.) Franz-Josephs-Höhe (1673 ft.), both of which afford good views of Karlsbad. Over the Schlossberg, or through the Parkstrasse, and past the Jägerhaus Kaiser Karl's IV. (Café) and Findlater's Obelisk to the (1/2 hr.) Katharinen-Platz, and thence to (1/2 hr.) the Bild (1802 ft.) and (1/2 hr.) the *Aberg (2000 ft. ; Restaur.), the tower on which commands an extensive panorama of the Bohemian Erzgebirge. From the Magdalenenkirche on the right bank of the Tepi, either by the Sprudelgasse and the Andreasgasse ascending to the right, or through the Schulgasse and past the garden of the Café Pano- rama, to the Prague road; turn to the left; then ascend by a wind- ing path to the right to the (40 min.) Dreikreuzberg Restaurant (1844 ft., Camera Obscura), an admirable point of view; thence in 5 min. more to the top of the Dreikreuzberg, where the view is less extensive, and through wood to the (1/4 hr.) König Otto's Höhe (1965 ft. ; view intercepted by trees), and to the (1/2 hr.) *Ewiges Leben (2087 ft.), one of the highest points near Karlsbad, with a superb view; descent past the Pöhlenhof to (1/2 hr.) Karlsbad. Other fine points are the Bellevue and the Wiener - Sitz on the right bank of the Tepl, and the Freundschafts-Sitz, the Belvedere, and the Rohan-Kreuz on the left bank. LoNGER Excursions. To the N. to (3 M.) Dallwitz (Restaur. zu Drei Eichen), a village on the left bank of the Eger (ferry from . Drahowitz to the boat-houses), with beautiful oaks, extolled by Körner in his poems, a handsome château, a porcelain-factory, and the Joseph Monument, erected in 1881. To the S.W. to (41/2 M.; omnibus) Aich (*Schloss-Restaur., above the Eger, with view), with a restored château and a porcelain-factory; thence along the Eger to (2 M. ; 1 M. beyond the end of the carriage-road) Hans Hei- ling's Restaurant, opposite Hans Heiling's Rock, a wild and romantic spot on the Eger. (Boat to Aich, 40 kr, each person.) Thence to Elbogen, see p. 302. — Also by the Prague road, which commands charming views, to (4 M.) the ruin of Engelhaus, on a rock of pho- nolite (2340 ft.; a pleasanter path to it diverges from the road to the left beyond the ‘Berghäuser'). On the Eger, 9 M. below Karls- bad (omnibus daily from the Hôtel de Russie in 18/4 hr.; beautiful road through wood), are the baths of Giesshūbel-Puchstein (three ‘Kurhäuser' and several villas), with a famous mineral spring (al- kaline, with carbonic acid; 4 million bottles exported annually). The ascent of the Keilberg or Sonnenwirbel (4083 ft.), the highest summit of the Erzgebirge (pp. 301, 302), forms another attractive excursion from Karlsbad (omnibus twice a week in summer). 309 48. From Prague to Furth (Nuremberg, Munich). 119 M. RAILWAY from Prague to Furth in 6 hrs. (From Prague to Nuremberg 11 hrs. ; to Munich 14 hrs.) The train starts from the Smichow Station (p. 281), and turns to the S. into the valley of the Moldau. 3 M. Kuchelbad, at the foot of a wooded hill, is a resort of excursionists from Prague, 6 M. Radotin. The line quits the Moldau and approaches the Beraun, which it crosses at Mokropetz. 124/2 M. Dobřichowitz; 15 M. Rewnitz; 181/2 M. Karlstein (Restaur.). On a precipitous rock 25 min. to the N., on the left bank of the Be- raun, rises *Schloss Karlstein (Karlun Tyn, 1047 ft.), the most interesting castlé in Bohemia, erected in 1348-57 by Emp. Charles IV., as a receptacle for the Bohemian regalia, and Once adorned with treasures of art, most of them now removed. The central point of the castle is the Kreuzkapelle in the tower, sumptuously decorated with precious stones, gilding, and painting, where the regalia, various relics collected by Charles IV., and the archives were once preserved. The paintings here belong to the early Bohemian school. Adjoining the strongly fortified tower is the Emperor's palace, with the chapel of St. Catharine, also embellished with precious stones. The portraits of Charles IV., his consort, and his son, mural paintings executed in the emperor's life-time, are of special interest. The castle also contained accommodation for a large retinue of knights and men-at-arms. Beyond Karlstein the valley of the Beraun is confined between lofty limestone rocks, but expands at (24!/2 M.) Beraun (Böhmischer Hof; Adler), an old town with 7265 inhab., junction of the line to Rakonitz and Lužna-Lischan (p. 300). The train now enters the Litawa–Thal. — 30 M. Zditz. To PROTIVIN, 64 M. (rail in 4-5 hrs.). , The line traverses the smiling Litawa-Thal. Stations Lochowitz, Jinetz-Genkau; 171/2 M. Příbram (Kaiser von Oesterreich), a town of 13,417 inhab., with valuable silver and lead- mines, which employ 5600 workmen and yield about 19 tons of pure silver annually. Seventeen shafts in all are worked, one of which, the Adalbert- Schacht, is 3350 ft. deep. Close to the town rises the Heilige Berg (1903 ft.), a great resort of pilgrims, with a church containing a miracle-working image of the Virgin. Stations Milin, Tochowitz, Breznitz, Mirowitz, Cime- litz, Wraž, Ciéová. 55 M. Pisek, with 10,950 inhab. and an old château, half enclosed by the Wołława. Near it is the extensive chasse of Prince Lobkowitz. 58 M. Putim; 64 M. Protivin, on the Franz-Josefs-Railway (p. 314). 37 M. Hofovic, with a château and iron-works of the Prince of Hanau. Near (43. M.) ‘Haltestelle Zbirow, the train passes large iron-works, now disused. To the N. (13/4.M.) lies the little town of Zbirow, with a handsome château of Prince Colloredo-Mansfeld. 45 M. Zbirow, the principal station for the town of that name, and also for the little town of Mauth, 11/2 M. to the W.; at the station is a large saw-mill. 484/2M. Holoubkau, with a large carriage-factory. Branch-line to Nezvéstitz (p. 313). At (54. M.) Rokitzan (Adler; 5000 inhab.) the country becomes more level. The train follows the Klabawa, passing the iron-works of Klabawa and Horomislitz, to (641/2 M.) Chrast, whence a branch-line diverges to Radnitz, an important coal-mining place. The line re-enters the valley of the Beraun and crosses the imposing Uslawa bridge. 681/2 M. Pilsen (*Kaiser von Oesterreich; Goldner Adler; Rail. 310 Route 48. PILSEN. Restaur., with rooms; Pilsner beer at Salzmann's Bierhalle and Beyer's Garden), an old town with 50,150 inhab., lies at the con- fluence of the Mies and the Radbusa. Once fortified, it withstood several sieges during the Hussite wars, but was taken by storm by Mansfeld in 1648. Pilsen was in part the scene of the alleged con- spiracy for which Wallenstein was outlawed, and twenty-four of his adherents were executed in the market-place here in 1634. The Kopecky-Platz, on the S. side of the town, contains a monument to the burgomaster Kopecky (d. 1854). The Gothic church of St. Bar- tholomew, the Museum (daily 10–3, free, but donation for expenses expected), and the large rock-cellars of the old brewery are worth seeing. Pilsen is famous for its beer. From PILSEN TO SAAz, 66 M. (rail in 4 hrs.). Several small stations. 201/2 M. Plasz, with a château of Prince Metternich; 41 M. Petersburg- Jechnitz; near Petersburg (1/2 M. from the railway) are the château and park of Count Czernin; 43/2 M. Kriegern; 47 M. Rudig; 52M, Podersam ; 551/2 M. Kaschitz (branch-line to Schönhof and Radonitz); 62 M. Weusattel- Schabogliick (branch to Priesen, p. 300); 66 M. Saaz % 300). FROM PILSEN To EISENSTEIN , 69 M. (rail in 3–43/4 hrs.). The most important stations are: 15/2 M. Prestitz; 23%2 M. Schwihau; 30 M. Kattau (Rail. Restaur.), a town with 10,811 inhab., junction for Taus and Horaždovic (p. 313); 35 M. Janowitz; 40 M. Neuern (*Ross), prettily situated at the foot of the Böhmerwald Mts. (with the ruin of Baiereck 1/2 hr. to the S.W.). The line then winds up the hill to Grün (1870 ft.); many cuttings and embankments. 55 M. Hammern-Eisenstrass (2424 ft. ; to the right the Osser, p. 184). Then the Spitzberg Tunnel, 1910 yds. in length. 61 M. Spitz- berg (2726 ft.), the highest point on the railway, watershed between Danube and Elbe. We then descend by Markt-Eisenstein to (69. M.) Eisenstein, the Bohemian frontier-station. Thence to Passau and Ratisbon, see p. 184. From Pilsen to Eger, Budweis, and Vienna, see R. 49. 77 M. Nürschan, with coal-mines and iron-foundries. Beyond it, on the left, is Chotěschau, with a château of Prince Taxis. 84 M. Staab, a small town on the Radbusa; 92 M. Stankau; 97 M. Bli- sowa (to the left, in the distance, the ruin of Riesenburg); 104 M. Taus, an industrial town with 7700 inhab. (To Horaždovic, see p. 313.) Beyond Taus begin the hills of the Bohemian Forest, through the lowest part of which the line is carried by cuttings and tunnels. The watershed (1680 ft.), the boundary between the Bohemian and German languages, and the frontier of Bohemia and Bavaria, is between Böhmisch - and Deutsch - Kubitzen. The character of the country and the villages changes materially as soon as the frontier is crossed. The line descends, passes through a tunnel, and crosses the Pastritz by a viaduct 700 yds. long. 119 M. Furth (p. 174), junction of the Bavarian E. Railway. From Furth to Nuremberg, see R. 31. 49. From Eger to Vienna. 283 M. RAILwAY (Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Bahn) in 13/2-181/2 hrs., express in 93/4 hrs. (Tues., Thurs., Sun. ; from Vienna to Eger Mon., Wed., Sat.). Eger, see p. 303. The train diverges to the left from the Ratis- bon line, and crosses the Wondreb. 101/2 M. Sandau; 144/2 M. MARIENBA.D. 49. Route. 311 Königswart (2248 ft.; Neues Badhótel; *Ott; Buberl, well spoken of; Schloss-Gasthaus; Kaiser v. Oesterreich, etc.), a small water- ing-place, with a Schloss (adm. Mon., Wed., & Frid., 2–6; fee) which has belonged to the Metternich family since 1630, surrounded by pleasure-grounds, and containing a library, a collection of coins, minerals, and antiquities, family and other portraits, some of them by celebrated painters, etc. The interesting altar in the chapel was presented by Pope Gregory XVI, to Prince Clemens Metternich, the well-known Austrian statesman. The Kurhaws and a row of new villas on the hill, 1/2 M. farther up, command a fine view. The chalybeate springs, the most loftily-situated in Germany, are used both internally and externally, and are efficacious in cases of poverty of blood, incipient consumption, etc. There are also steel, mud, pine-cone, and vapour baths. 191/2 M. Marienbad (comp. Plan, p. 305). — Arrival. The sta- tion is 11/2 M. from the town (cab 1 fl., with two horses 1 fl. 80 kr.). Visitors should spend a day or more at a hotel and look for lodgings in person. Before entering into a contract they had better to consult the Mieth-Ordnung, or regulations as to private apartments. Hotels. *KLINGER, a large house with several dépendances (Halb- mayr's Haus, Maalhof, Stadt Dresden); HôT. IMPERIAL ; HôT. WEIMAR: *NEPTUN, *STADT HAMBURG, *NEw York, STADT LEIPZIG, all in the Kaiser- Strasse; *HôTEL CASINo ; DELPHIN, ENGLISCHER HoF, and STERN, moderate. Lodging Houses. Tepler Haus; Habsburg; Kaiserhof; Miramare; Golf- tenberg; Schloss Heilbronn.; Europa; Borussia; Goldner Adler; Rudolf’s Hof; Wiener Haus; Heidler's Haus; Flora. – R. 8-16 fl. per week. Cafés. *Bellevue; Miramonie; * Victoria; *Panorama (above the bel- vedere on the Kaiserhöhe, p. 313); Köhlerhof; Bazar; Ferdinandsmühle; Dianahof; Jägerlaube; Försterhaus; Maarthal; Kieselhof, and Kieselmühle (Egerländer's, 2 M. from the town, prettily fitted up in rustic style). Restaurants at most of the hotels and cafés (good table d'hôte at Klinger's, at 1 p.m. 1 fl. 30 kr., at 2 p.m. 2 fl.). Also at the Kursaal, Stadthaus, Tepler Haus, etc. Gabs: from the station to the baths 1 fl.; within the town, 1/2 hr., 40, two-horse 60 kr., in the afternoon, 60 kr, or 1 ſl.; per hour 80 or 1 fl. 20 kr., in the afternoon 1 fl. 20 or 2 fl. – Kurtaxe (visitors' tax.): 1st class 10 fl., 2nd 5/2 fl., 3rd 3 fl. 15 kr. -- Music Taa:: 1st class 5 fl., 2 pers. 8 fl., 3 pers. 11 fl., etc.; 2nd cl. 4, 5, or 6 fl.; 3rd cl. 2, 3, or 4 fl. — The band plays at the Kreuzbrunnen 6-7 a.m. and 6-7 p.m., at the Ferdinandsbrunnen 7-8 a.m., and at the Wald- quelle 11||2-12/2 o’clock. English Church Service in the season (Christ Church). — Presbyterian Service (Church of Scotland), in the German Prot. Church. Marienbad (2093 ft.), a famous watering-place (15,000 visit- ors annually), lies in a charming valley enclosed on three sides by pine-clad hills. At the beginning of the present century, this region was an almost impenetrable wilderness. The place now con- sists of about 190 houses, most of them new, and some of them Very handsome. The springs contain Glauber's salt and resemble those of Karlsbad, but are cold. They belong to the neighbouring Abbey of Tepl. The Kreuzbrunnen, the Ferdinandsbrunnen (11/4 M. to the S., but brought in pipes to the Promenaden-Platz), and the Waldguelle (1/2 M. to the N.W. of the Kreuzbrunnen) are the prin- cipal springs for drinking (of which 1,000,000 bottles are exported 312 Route 49. MARIENBA.D. From Eger annually). The Marienquelle is used externally, and other baths (mud, pine-cone, alkaline, gas, etc.) may be obtained at the bath- house here. The chalybeate waters of the Ambrosiusbrunnen and the Karolinenbrunnen and the strong chalybeate and saline water of the Ferdinandsbrunnen are also used for bathing. The Rudolf's- quelle, to the S. of the Ferdinandsbrunnen, is strongly impregnated with carbonic acid. There is also a new Hydropathic. The main street of Marienbad, which the traveller coming from the station first enters, is the long KAISER-STRASSE, bounded on the right with handsome houses and on the left by the Anlagen, or public grounds, which soon expand into a fine large park. In this street are the Military Kurhaus and the tasteful new Syna- gogue. To the left diverges from it the JAGER-STRASSE, in which rises the Stadthaus, containing the post-office, the telegraph-office, the custom-house, besides a restaurant, reading and assembly- rooms, and a large concert and ball-room. A little to the S. of the Stadthaus, and connected with it by the Scott-Allee, is the English Church. The Kaiser-Str. ends at the FRANz-Jose Fs—PLATZ, which is planted with trees. On the N. side of this Platz rises the Pro- testant Church, erected in 1856–57, with which is connected a charity called the ‘Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stift'. The Waldbrunn-Str. leads hence to the N.W., past the Theatre, to the Waldguelle (Restaurant; midday promenade-concert). - The above-mentioned park is bounded on the N. by the Stefan- Str. and the Untere Kreuzbrunn-Str. At the end of the latter is the Kreuzbrunnen, with its rotunda borne by columns and a bronze bust of Dr. Jos. Nehr (d. 1820), who first brought Marienbad into notice. Above it, to the N., is the new Brunnen-Versendungshaus (export-depôt). From the Kreuzbrunnen Colonnade a covered passage leads to a long building containing the Brunnenhalle, where patients walk in bad weather, and the so-called Colonnade with shops. In front of this colonnade, to the W., rises a bronze statue of Reitenberger (d. 1860), an abbot of Tepl; who did much to pro- mote the prosperity of the baths. At the opposite end of the Brun- nenhalle, under another colonnade, are the Ferdimands - Brunnen (p. 311) and the Karolinenquelle. Above this point, to the left, is the handsome Roman Catholic Church, built in 1844–50. On the E. and S. sides of the Platz are the Moorbad with the Marien- quelle, the Old Badhaus, the Ambrosius – Brunnen, and the New Badhaus. In the grassy park rises an obelisk in sandstone erected by Polish visitors to the bath-physician Dr. Heidler. The pine-forests close to the town are intersected by charming Walks, provided with finger-posts. Among the favourite points are, to the N., beyond the Waldguelle, the Waldmühle (Restaur.), the Dianahof, and the Maathal (20 min. ; Restaur.); to the E. the Amalienhöhe, the Friedrich-Wilhelms - Höhe (2414 ft.), and the Stefanie-Höhe, which affords a fine survey of Marienbad. From the to Vienna. MIES. 49. Route. 313 Kreuzbrunnen we may visit the (20 min.) Mecséry Temple, to the E., and go thence by the Franzensberg to the Hirtenruhe, with its belvedere-temple. Fine distant views are also obtained from the Hamelikaberg, to the S. of the park, above the Café Panorama, on which rises the Kaiserthurm (2850 ft.; view of Marienbad); from the Hohendorfer Höhe (2546 ft.), 1/4 hr, further; and from the Jägerlaube in Prince Metternich’s deer-park, 1/2 hr. to the W. (from which two last points Marienbad is not visible). The most extensive view of the Erzgebirge, Fichtelgebirge, and Bo- hemian Forest is obtained from the basaltic Podhorn (2776 ft.), 11/2 hr. to the E., not far from the Karlsbad road (carr. for four pers. 61/2 fl., incl. gratuity). Other pleasant excursions to the château of Glatzen (Inn), 2 hrs. to the N.; to Königswan’t (p. 311), 18/4 hr. to the N.E.; to Kuttenplan and Plan, 2 hrs. to the S. (see below), etc. - The wealthy Abbey of Tepl (2155 ft.), to which the springs of Marien- bad belong, 7 M. to the E. (carr. 4 or 7 fl.; by Podhornberg 5 or 9 fl.), possesses a good library and Zoological and mineralogical collections. The private chapel is embellished with two large mural paintings by Fuchs, and many objects of interest are distributed throughout the spacious apartments. 231/2 M. Kuttenplan (Löwe), with a Schloss and pleasant grounds on the Kellerberg. 264/2 M. Plan – Tachau. The town of Plan (Herrenhaus), with a finely situated Schoss of Count Nostitz, lies to the left. Tachau is 71/2 M. to the S.W. Near the extensive iron- works of (321/2 M.) Josefihütte the train enters the pretty valley of the Mies. 40 M. Schweissing. 45 M. Mies, Bohemian Střibro (Post), an old town (3978 inhab.) with extensive lead and silver-mines (whence it is sometimes called Silberstadt). Rathhaus in the Re- naissance style, modernised. The Prager Thor, with helmet-shaped roof, is a fine gateway of the 16th cent. 511/2 M. Neuhof; 55 M. Ullitz-Pleschnitz; 59 M. Tuschkau- Kosolup; 66 M. Pilsen (p. 309). The line traverses the wooded Uslawa–Thal; to the left on a hill is the ruin of Reichenhard. 72 M. Pilsenetz; 74M. Stiahlaw; 76M. Nezvēstitz (junction for Holoubkau, p. 809); 801/2 M. Blowitz; 83.M. Zdiar-Zdiretz. Farther on, Schloss Grünberg, the seat of Count Colloredo, on a wooded hill to the right. 871/2 M. Nepomuk, the birthplace (in 1320) of John of Nepomuk, the patron-saint of Prague. The Gothic church of St. James, with Romanesque portals, occupies the site of the house of his parents, and contains a silver statue of the saint. The line quits the Uslawa and traverses a lofty wooded plain. 954/2M. Woléan, with its large ponds; 102 M. Horaždovic, a thriv- ing little town on the Wottawa, the picturesque walley of which the train now enters. FROM HoRA%Dovro To TAUs, 61/2 M. (rail in 3/2-5 hrs.). Chief sta- tions: 12/2 M. Schüttenhofen (Weisses Rössel; Krone), a busy town of 6000 inhab., with a fish-hatchery, at the foot of the Swatoboº (2612 ft.; 1 hr.); 191/2 M. Kotinec; 37. M. Klattau. (p. 310); 4!/2 M. Janowitz; 64!/2 M. Taus, see p. 310. 109 M. Kattºwitz; 114 M. Strakonitz, at the mouth of the Wo- linka; 118 M. Ceititz; 122 M. Rašice, 24 314 Route 49. BUDWEIS. FROM RA}ICE To IGLAU, 104 M. (rail in 6!/2 hrs.). Stations: 4 M. Pisek (p. 309); 10/2 M. Zahoº: ; 14 M. Wlastec; 17/2 M. Jetétic, where the Mol- dau is crossed; 25!/2 M. Mühlhausen, a manufacturing place; 411/2 M. Tabor (p. 325). Thence by Pilgram and Ober-Cerekve to (104. M.) Iglau, see p. 317. The line quits the Wottawa, which flows N. towards the Moldau, and enters the valley of the Blamitz to the S.E. 127 M. Protivin, junction of the line to Pºibram and Rakonitz (p. 309); 1314/2 M. Wodnian. At Hussimetz on the Blanitz, 15 M. higher up, John Huss was born in 1369. 137 M. Nakhi-Netolitz. The train skirts the large Bestrewer Teich. 144 M. Frauenberg; 18/4 M. to the N. is Prince Schwarzenberg's magnificent château of Frauenberg, on a hill laid out as a park. 150 M. Budweis (*Glocke; Sonne; *Rail. Rest.) is a prosperous town on the Moldau, with 28,500 inhabitants. The Cathedral with its detached tower dates from 1500. The Gothic Piaristenkirche has fine cloisters. The handsome Rathhaus is situated in the Ring, a Platz flanked with arcades. Adjacent is the new Städtische Museum. The Stadtpark contains a bronze statue of Adalbert Lanna (d. 1866), a benefactor of the town. Branch-line to Wesely (p. 325). FROM BUDwers To ST. VALENTIN, 74!/2 M. (rail in about 4 hrs.). Sta- tions Steinkirchen, Welleschin-Krumau (Zur Rose); on the Moldau, 3 M. to the W., is Schloss Krumau, seat of Prince Schwarzenberg. Umlowitz, Zartlesdorf, Böhmisch-Hörschlag, Summerau, Freistadt, Kefermarkt, Pre- garten, Gaisbach (branch-line in 14/4 hr. to Linz, p. 249), Mauthhausen (where the Danube is crossed), St. Valentin (p. 248). 162 M. Forbes; 2 M. to the W. is Troénow, the birthplace of Ziska (1360). 1721/2 M. Gratzen; the little town, with glass-houses and a château of Count Buquoy, lies 3 M. to the S. — The line Crosses the Bohemian and Austrian frontier. 1811/2 M. Gmünd (Rail. Rest.), a thriving town, with large railway-workshops, lies at the confluence of the Braunaubach and the Lainsitz or Luschnitz. Junction for Tabor and Prague (R. 51b). Stations Pürbach-Schrems, Vitis, Schwarzenau (diligence daily in 24/4 hrs. to Zwettl, a Cistercian monastery, with Romanesque church of 12th cent.). 207 M. Göpfritz-Gross-Siegharts; 215 M. Wappolten– reith; 2211/2 M. Hötzelsdorf; 227 M. Sigmundsherberg-Horn. To HADERSDORF; 27/2 M. (Kampthal Line, in 21/2 hrs.). 6 M. Horn (Post; Lamm), a little town, with a Schloss of Count Hoyos, and the old Gothic Stefanskirche in the cemetery; 3 M. to the W. is the Benedictine abbey of Altenburg, founded in 1144. 101/2 M. Rosenburg, a grand Schloss of the 16th cent., with five court-yards, a fine late-Gothic chapel, and a tour- nament-ground with double galleries. 14 M. Gars, charmingly situated on the Kamp. Plank, Schönberg am Kamp, Langenlois, 27/2 M. Hadersdorf, where the line joins the Absdorf and Krems railway (p. 246). A branch-line runs from Sigmundsherberg-Horn to Pułkaw and (12/2 M. ; 1 hr.) Zellerndorf (p. 319). The line traverses the Mannhartsberg, a range of hills which divides the N. half of Lower Austria into two provinces. 234 M. Eggenburg, an ancient little town, still partly enclosed by walls and towers, with the late-Gothic church of St. Stephen. 241 M. Limberg- Maissau; 2451/9 M. Ziersdorf; 2541/2 M. Gross-Weikersdorf. TETSCHEN. 50. Route. 315 At Wetzdorf, 11/2 M. to the N.W., is the Krieger-Walhalla (or ‘Helden- berg”), a temple of fame erected by Herr v. Pargfrieder to the army, with reminiscences of the campaigns of 1848 and 1849, statues, etc., , and the tombs of Marshal Radetzky (d. 1858) and Baron Wimpffén (d. 1854). It is now the property of the emperor. - At (256 M.) Absdorf-Hippersdorf (branch-line to Krems, p. 255) the line enters the broad valley of the Danube, and crosses the river beyond stat. Neu-Aigen. 26.2M. Tulln (p. 255). It then skirts the right bank of the Danube, with the hills of the Wiener Wald on the right. 265M. Langenlebarn; 2681/2 M. St. Andrä, beyond which is Schloss Altenberg; 2711/2 M. Greifenstein (p. 255), where the line nears the river; 2741/2 M. Kritzendorf; opposite, at some dis- tance from the river, are Korneuburg and the Bisamberg (p. 255). 278 M. Klosterneuburg (p. 245). The train skirts the precipitous slopes of the Kahlenberg. 280M. Kahlenbergerdorf (p.245); 2801/2 M. Nussdorf (Rest. Zur Rose, near the station), a favourite resort of the Viennese (fine view from the Bockkeller; railway up the Kahlen- berg, see p. 244), and (283 M.) Vienna. The station is in the Alsergrund, near the Liechtenstein Palace (p. 185). A 50. From Dresden (Berlin) to Vienna by Tetschen and Iglau. 323 M. ExPREss in 113/4 hrs. (Sächsische Staatsbahn to Tetschen ; Oester- reichische Wordwestbahn thence to Vienna). Steamboat, see p. 295. From Dresden to Niedergrund, see p. 294. The train follows the left bank of the Elbe to Obergrund (p. 294), and crosses the river. 381/2 M. Tetschen (*Hôtel Ullrich, outside the town; *Stern; *Krone; Stadt Prag; *Dampfschiff-Hôtel, at the pier; Rail. Rest.), a small town with 7857 inhab., prettily situated at the confluence of the Pulsnitz, or Polzen, with the Elbe, and connected with Bodenbach (p. 294) by a chain bridge and a railway-bridge. The handsome château of Count Thun, with its pleasant gardens, was once fortified, and was an important place during the Seven Years' War. FROM TETSCHEN To BöHMISCH-LEIPA AND NIMBURG,70M. (rail in 41/2 hrs.}. Stations Bensen (branch-line to Warnsdorf and Zittau), Franzensthal, Politz- Sandau, Straussnitz-Weustadtl. 171/2 M. Böhmisch-Leipa (*Alte Post; Lamm), an old town of 10,406 inhab. on the Polzen, with large factories. The Kahlen- berg (965 ft.; *Restaur. at the top), a basaltic hill laid out with promenades, */4 hr. to the W., commands a pretty view ; still more extensive from the belvedere on the Spitzberg (1460 ft.), 3/4 hr. to the N. From Leipa branch- lines run N. to Kreibitz-Weudörfl (Zittau), Rumburg (Nixdorf), and Georgs- walde (Löbau); and E. to (51/2 M.) Reichstadt, with an imperial château, and (11 M.) Wiemes. – Pretty scenery; several small lakes. Stations Reh- dórfel, Habstein, (27/2 M.) Hirschberg (with 2100 inhab.), Woken, Bösig (with a ruin on a lofty rock), Weisswasser; 451/2 M. Bakov, a village on the Iser, junction of the Neratowitz and Turnau railway (p. 327) and of a branch-line to Kopidlno. Then (51. M.) Jungbunzlau (*Lamm), a manu- facturing town with 12,143 inhab., founded in the 10th cent., but almost entirely destroyed during the Hussite and the Thirty Years' Wars. Gothic church of 16th cent., disfigured by additions; old Schloss converted into barracks; Rathhaus of 1550 with two towers. — The Iser is crossed, Stations Dobrawitz, Wikawa, and (70 M.) Wimburg (p. 347). 316 Route 50. LEITMERITZ. From Dresden Beyond Tetschen the Nordwestbahn, or Austrian N.W. Rail- way, follows the course of the Elbe and passes through pleasing scenery. Stations Neschwitz, Tichlowitz, Gross-Priesen, Schwaden; 55 M. Schreckenstein (Rail. Rest.), connected by a railway-bridge with Aussig on the left bank (p. 295). The train then passes below the picturesque ruin of *Schreckenstein (p. 295). 60 M. Sebusein (*Wirthshaus zum Vergissmeinnicht), charmingly situated opposite Zalesl (p. 295). To the E. (2 M.) lies Kundratitz (Villa Henriettensruhe), a beautifully situated summer-resort. — Pleasant excursion by the Leitmeritz road, up the Mühlenthal, to (11/2 M.) Tutzen, and thence to the right through the woods (guide desirable) to the Jordanberg or Eisberg (1808 ft.) and the (1/2 hr.) Johanniskapelle, which commands an admirable view of the Elbe valley and the Mittelgebirge, with the ruin of Kamaik in the foreground. Descent by (1/4 hr.) Kamaik to Leitmeritz, 11/4 hr. 66 M. Calositz-Cernosek; the latter, opposite Lobositz (p. 295), yields good wine. 70 M. Leitmeritz (Krebs; Adler; Hirsch; Rail. Rest.) is a pleasant town (11,563 inhab.) and an episcopal see, with seven churches and a late-Gothic Rathhaus of the 16th cent., embellished with a statue of Roland at the corner towards the market-place. The Gemeindehaus contains a ‘Cantionale', or choral-book, of 1517, with beautiful miniatures. The Provianthaus, or Kelchhaus, as it is also named from its curious cup-shaped tower (Kelch, ‘cup', ‘chalice’), was built by a ‘utraquist' or Hussite citizen in 1584. On the ground-floor is the Industrial Museum. The fertile country round Leitmeritz is styled the ‘Bohemian Paradise’. The beer of Leitmeritz is in great repute. An iron bridge, 600 yds. long, crosses the Elbe here to (11/2 M.) Theresienstadt (p. 296). As CENT OF THE GELTSCHBERG, an interesting excursion of half-a-day. Omnibus from Leitmeritz (twice daily in 11/2 hr. ; fare 50 kr.) to Libe- schifz (“Zur Goldenen Sechs; *Stadt Salzburg), a village with a château. Walk thence to the N. to the (1/4 hr.) hamlet of Trnobrand, and (with guide) by a path, steep and marrow at places (not suitable for ladies), in 1 hr. to the top of the “Geltschberg (2378 ft.), a wooded basaltic cone, commanding a splendid view of the whole of N. Bohemia. Descent 3/4 hr. — The nearest railway station to Libeschitz is Polep (carr. thither in 11/2 hr. ; 2 fl.). The road from Libeschitz to Auscha and Gastorf (21/2 hrs., fare 3 fl.) is uninteresting beyond Auscha. To the N. of Auscha (31/2 M.) is the hydropathic Geltschbad, in a pretty wooded district. The train follows the Elbe a little longer, and then quits the river, which here makes a long bend towards the S. 74!/2 M. Polep; 78 M. Gastorf; 82 M. Wegstädtl, where we return to the Elbe. 851/2 M. Liboch lies at the entrance to the Libocher Gründe, romantic, winding ravines, stretching many miles to the N. Near Liboch is the Slawjn, a temple erected by Hr. Veith to the cele- brities of Bohemian history, with bronze statues by Schwanthaler. 91 M. Melnik (Goldnes Lamm), a town and estate of Prince Lob- kowitz, opposite the influx of the Moldau in the Elbe. The hills on the right bank yield good wine. 98 M. VŠetat-Přivor (Rail. Rest.), junction of the Prague and Turnau line (p. 328). 102/2 M. to Vienna, KUTTENBERG. 50. Route, 317 Džis; 106 M. Alt-Bunzlau, opposite the old town of Brandeis on the left bank; 1/2 M. distant is Bad Houschka with chalybeate springs. 113 M. Böhmisch-Lissa (Rail. Rest.), with a château and park of Prince Rohan (junction of the line from Prague to Mittel- walde); 118 M. Kostomlat; 1211/2 M. Nimburg (Rail. Rest.; 6659 inhab.), an old town with an interesting Gothic church (brick with ornamentation in stone, 1282–1305) and large railway work- shops. Railway by Jung-Bunzlau to Böhmisch-Leipa and Tetschen, see p. 315; to Požičan (p. 319), and by Jicin to Wostroměř (and Breslau). The line follows the right bank of the Elbe to Kolin. 1261/2 M. Poděbrad (4819 inhab.), with a Schloss and a chain-bridge over the Elbe, birthplace of George Podiebrad, King of Bohemia (d. 1424). 1311/9 M. Gross-Wossek, junction for Chlumetz (p. 325). Near (137 M.) Kolin (Rail. Rest.; p. 319) the line crosses the Elbe. — Austrian ‘Staatsbahn’ to Brünn and Vienna, see R. 51. 1431/2 M. Sedletz–Kuttenberg. At Sedletz is the Gothic church of St. Mary (1280–1320), the largest in Bohemia, once belonging to a Cistercian abbey, with double aisles, ambulatory, and chapels. Though much altered, the church retains its original outlines. The old abbey-buildings now contain a large government tobacco-factory. Branch-line from Sedletz in 13 min. to Kuttenberg (896 ft.; *Post; Schwarzes Ross; pop. 13,649), an ancient mining town, whose mines yielded much silver till the close of the 16th cent., but now lead only. The *Church of St. Barbara, with double aisles, begun about 1380 by Peter Arler of Gmünd, is a noble Gothic edifice, but is only partly completed (viz. the choir, with eight chapels, and E. half of nave). Handsome choir-stalls. In the Wälsche Hof is the Wenzelskapelle, with a beautiful Gothic oriel. The churches of the Erzdechantei, the Maria-Himmelfahrt (both Gothic, 14th cent.), and the Dreifaltigkeit (late Gothic, 1488–1504) are also worthy of note. 1491/2 M. Caslau (863 ft.; Post; pop. 8888), near Chotusitz, where Frederick the Great defeated the Austrians under Charles of Lorraine in 1742. Ziska (d. 1424) was interred in the church of SS. Peter and Paul at Caslau, but in 1623 his bones were removed and his grave desecrated by order of Emp. Ferdinand II. Stations Goltsch-Jenikau, Leština, Swętla, Okroulitz. 1831/9 M. Deutsch- Brod (1385 ft.; Adler; Löwe ; Rail. Rest.; pop. 5751), a manu- facturing town on the Sazawa, noted for Ziska's victory over Emp. Sigismund in 1422. To PARDUBITZ, 591/2 M. (rail in 3-4 hrs.). Stations Chotěboř, Zdiritz- Kreuzberg, Hlinsko, Skuč (with 3344 inhab. and an old Gothic church), Chrast, Slatinan, Chrudim, Pardubitz (p. 320). The line crosses the Sazawa at Pºibislau-Schlappenz, and beyond (194. M.) Polná the Moravian frontier. 1991/2 M. Iglau (1693 ft.; Stern; Löwe; Rail. Rest.; pop. 23,716), an old town on the Iglawa, with weaving and plush fac- 318 Route 50. ZN AIM, tories and important markets. The Gothic church of St. Jacob has a good altar-piece. The municipal and mining code of laws of Iglau is the oldest in Moravia. The town-hall contains a book of civic laws, with miniatures, of 1389. — Railway to Wesely and Tabor, see p. 325. The line follows the valley of the Iglawa. 2071/2 M. Wiese (with a château of Count Sedlnitzky), 21.2M. Branxaus, 217 M. Okhischko. FROM OKäischko To BRüNN, 471/2 M. (rail in 38/4 hrs.). 33/4 M. Kralo- hof; 71/2 M. Trebitsch (1330 ft. ; pop. 9372), on the Iglawa, with an inter- esting abbey-church of the 13th cent. in the transition style. The W. aisle has a fine Romanesque portal, and under the choir is a crypt borne by columns. Then Wladislaw, Studenetz (branch-line to Gross-Meseritsch, 14.1/2. M.), Namiest (on the Oslawa), Kralitz, Rapotitz ; 32/2 M. Segengottes (1148 ft. : Rail. Rest.), with extensive coal-mines. 331/2 M. Rossitz, a small town on the Obrawa, with a château of Baron Hirsch ; Tetschitz; then (381/2 M.) Střelitz, a station on the line from Brünn to Grussbach (p. 323). 222 M. Startsch-Trebitsch; 226 M. Kojetitz; on the right, Schloss Sadek, seat of Count Chorinsky. JarméKitz, with a château of Count Karolyi; Mährisch - Budwitz, Gröschelmawth, Schönwald - Frain. Frain, 3 M. to the S.W., on the Thaya, with a noble Schloss on an abrupt rock, is famous for its pottery. 253 M. Wolframitzkirchen. 2601/2 M. Znaim (949 ft. ; *Hôtel Schetz; *Drei Kromen; Kreuz; Schwan; Nordwestbahn-Hôtel, at the station: Rail. Rest.; pop. 14,515), a town founded by Ottokar I. in 1226, lies picturesquely on the left bank of the Thaya. The well-known armistice between Napoleon and the Archduke Charles was concluded here in 1809 after the battle of Wagram. Pleasant promenades now occupy the site of the old fortifications. On the W. side of the town are remains of a Castle of the Margraves of Moravia, part of which is now a barrack. The Castle-chapel, known as the ‘Heidentempel', a Roman- esque circular structure of the 12th cent., shows traces of very early mural paintings. The Gothic Rathhaus, with handsome tower of the 15th cent., 253 ft. high, contains the municipal archives. The parish-church of St. Nicholas, a finely proportioned Gothic edifice of the 14th cent., is disfigured with the tower of 1646. Outside the E. gate are the Kopal Monument, a granite obelisk with a figure of Wic- tory, in memory of the colonel of that name (d. 1848), and a bronze bust of the novelist Charles Sealsfield (Karl Postel), who was born at Poppitz, 3 M. to the S. of Znaim in 1793 (d. 1864). The environs are picturesque and fertile. Cucumbers and other vegetables are largely cultivated here, and the weekly market is the most important in Austria. Kloster Bruck, an extensive building 14/4 M. to the S., is now a barrack. Znaim is the best starting-point for a visit to the Thayathal. The following are the finest points in the picturesque valley: Wewnºmiihlen, with the Schobeser-Gebirge, the Schweizerhäus!, the château of Karlslust, the ruins of Neuhäusel, Alt-Kaja, and Hardegg, *Frain (see above), the curious Eishöhlen (ice-caverns), and Schloss Vöttau, property of Count Daun, which contains a fine collection of armour and weapons, including the armour of Zrinyi, the brave defender of Szigeth, and the helmet of Ziska. FROM ZNAIM TO GRUSSBACH, railway in 11/4 hr., crossing near Znaim the ZELLERNIDORF, 50. Route, 319 Leska-Graben by a viaduct 100 yds. long. Stations Mühl fraun, Hódmitz, Possitz-Josłowitz, Grussbach (p. 823). The line crosses the deep valley of the Thaya by an imposing viaduct, 240 yds. long and 150 ft. high. To the left the Abbey of Bruck (see above). Stations Schattau, Unter-Retzbach, and Retz (a wine-producing place). 278 M. Zellerndorf (Rail. Rest.); branch- line to Sigmundsherberg-Horn, see p. 314; to Grussbach and Lun- denburg, p. 323. 2841/2 M. Guntersdorf; 291 M. Oberhollabrunn; the interesting church of Schöngrabern, 11/2 M. to the N.E., is a mas- sive late-Romanesque structure (beginning of 18th cent.), with curious reliefs of the Fall of Man, etc., in niches outside the apse. 297 M. Göllersdorf, with a well-preserved château of the 15th cent., lies on the Göller, the valley of which the line now traverses. We pass the ancestral château of Count Schönborn, with its large park and beautiful rose-garden. 303 M. Sierndorf, with Schloss and park of Prince Colloredo-Mansfeld; 307 M. Stockerau (Strauss; pop. 6800), a busy town with a thriving grain-trade and large ca- valry-barracks. The line enters the broad valley of the Danube, with its woods and islands. Beyond it rise the hills of the Wiener Wald. 3091/2 M. Spillern; 313 M. Korneuburg (p. 255). 316 M. Langen- zersdorf, at the W. base of the vine-clad Bisamberg (p. 255; fine view from the top). On the opposite bank is the abbey of Kloster- neuburg (p. 245). From (319.1/2 M.) Jedlesee a branch-line diverges to Floridsdorf, on the N. Railway (p. 324). The train then crosses the Danube by a long bridge (view to the right, up the stream, as far as the Kahlen- berg, etc.), and stops at the Nordwest-Bahnhof of — 323 M. Vienna (p. 185). 51. From Prague to Vienna. a. Wiá, Brünn. 247 M. or 254!/2 M. RAILWAY in 8-121/2 hrs. (to Brünn 4/2-8 hrs.). The traveller should state, when taking his ticket, whether his destination is the “Nordbahnhof” or the ‘Staatsbahnhof” (same fares). The express trains have sleeping carriages and restaurants. As we leave Prague we observe the suburb of Karolinenthal (p. 289) on the left and the Ziskaberg (p. 297) on the right. 21/2 M. Lieben; 8 M. Béchowitz; 14 M. Awwal; 201/2 M. Böhmisch-Brod; 231/2 M. Požican (jungtion for Nimburg, p. 317); 29 M. Peček (junction for Gross-Bečvár); 331/2 M. Welim. Between Böhmisch- Brod and Poděbrad (p. 317) the Hussite wars were ended in 1434 by a great battle, in which both the leaders, Procopius ‘the Great' and ‘the Less', fell. Near Kolin, on the right, rises the Friedrichsberg (912 ft. ; where Frederick stood during the battle), with an obe- lisk in memory of the victory gained by the Austrian Marshal Daun over Frederick the Great, 18th June, 1757, which compelled the Prussians to evacuate Bohemia. 40 M. Kolin (Grand Hotel; Post, 320 Route 51. PARDUBITZ. From Prague near the station; Rail. Rest.; pop. 13,567), on the Elbe, a manu- facturing town, is the junction of the Austrian N.W. Railway (p. 317), The Church of St. Bartholomew, an early-Gothic edifice of the 13th cent., with Romanesque transept and two W. towers, has a remark- ably rich Gothic *Choir, erected by Peter Arler of Gmünd in 1360– 78. Adjoining the church is a detached clock-tower of the 16th cent. 451/2 M. Elbe-Teinitz, prettily situated on a hill. On the left the Elbe; on the right several quarries. 524/2 M. Kladrub; 57 M. Přelouc (junction for Kalk-Podol). On an isolated hill to the left of (65 M.) Pardubitz (Rail. Rest., with rooms) is the ruined castle of Kunětitz (1001 ft.). Railway to Reichenberg and Zittau, see p. 325; to Deutsch-Brod, see p. 317. 744/2 M. Daschitz; 734/2 M. Morawan; 77 M. Uhersko; 801/2 M. Hohenmauth-Zamirsk. At (86 M.) Chotzen (Rail. Rest.), with château and park of Prince Kinsky, the junction for Braunaw, the train passes through a tunnel of 200 yds. to the narrow valley of the Stille Adler, with its pretty green meadows, wooded hills, and rock- formations. 894/2 M. Brandeis, a picturesque place, with a ruined castle, once the headquarters of the ‘Bohemian Brethren’. 961/2 M. Wildenschwert, a manufacturing town, junction for Geiersberg. 102 M. Böhmisch-Tribau (1270 ft. ; *Rail. Rest.), junction for Olmütz. To OLMüTZ, 54!/2 M. (rail in 2/4-38/4 hrs.). Stations Triebitz (junction for Prossnitz, p. 324), Rudelsdorf (branch-line to Landskron); then through the wooded ravine of the Sazawa to Budigsdorf, Hochstein, and (26 M.) Hohenstadt (978 ft.; Rail. Rest.), a small town prettily situated at the S.E. base of the Sudeten (junction for Mährisch-Schönberg). The line nears the March, the course of which it follows almost to Vienna. On a hill to the right beyond Lukawetz rises Schloss Miirau, now a house of correction. 331/2 M. Müglitz, a pleasant little town. Then Schwarzbach (junction for Littau) and Stefanau, to the N.E. of which lies the considerable town of Sternberg. Near Olmütz the military hospital of Hradisch, once a monas- tery, is seen to the right in the distance. 541/2 M. Olmütz, see p. 329. 108 M. Abtsdorf; 112 M. Zwittau, an old town with manu- factories (7770 inhab.); 116 M. Greifendorf. Beyond a short tunnel, (1221/2 M.) Brüsau (1286 ft.; Rail. Rest., with rooms), a manufacturing place, where we reach the Zwitta, or Zwittawa. Scenery as far as Brünn very pleasing. 128 M. Lettowitz, with church, abbey, and hospital, is picturesque. To the left in the distance, beyond (134 M.) Skalitz, the conspicuous ruins of Bosko- witz. 1391/2 M. Raitz, with a Schloss of Prince Salm. 143 M. Blansko, with large iron-foundries owned by Prince Salm. On a hill to the left are the white cottages occupied by the workmen. A pleasant excursion may be taken (one-horse carr. in 4 hrs. ; 4-5 fl.) from Blansko by Raitz and Petrowitz to Sloup, where there is an interest- ing stalactite cavern ; thence to the S. through the Ode Thal to the Ma- zocha-Gorge (fine view from the Ripka-Awssicht); and back by the Punkwa- Thal, passing Prince Salm’s iron-works. The valley of the Zwittawa contracts, and is bounded by rocky, wooded hills. The line follows the winding stream, and passes through I) 15.1%ste Telegraph, C.5. #ºw"; A. | Brünn. 4: 47,000 0 80 100 20d #*Meter 1|1. Bank (Māºrische Eccompte; C.5. 2. Bezirkshauptmannsch. B. Nº. \- º: §§º"; §38 22.Kºſſud-Bürg-Sch.B4. 4. W. ; :. 2 y | ; . ". + + + + + + § {}{{]{& 2. NºS N º § S Š y 3 S § § N § º §§ º Sºssº §§§ N § º º: § * * º a. sº 2. § º sº § c º § § § s § º: SS &S tº-ºw Yº-Y O § § º sº §: * § 3 - *AS o S «SSSQ Fº §§. ASN3&S. º - tº º * SS ºxº º - ºw & Sºº -º º N 3 *ºgg º º & SSSN: §§ - - º º º - §§§ § § # - * º sº º § sº §§§ § $ Aft * Wº - º ſº w sº :S § - § N §: NSS j §§ & § - * N º N Sº & §§ WS §§ sº & Sº : §: * N º º Mºš/2 ºz. iſºs zºº 34& $ºr º * ſº sº c #º - §§ riº SS º § º/A §§ § § rº º º Sº 3. º CŞ § § - .* § º §ºğ º 32% º §§ º º iſ º º **ś 5 sº Cº-ſl N Sè N às º sº SN - º º §§ **ś º º § W ºf º §§ S sº º Fº Š : sº N { - Geograph. Anst von . Wagner&Debes, Leipzig, º § º N §§§ §: to Vienna. BRÚNN. 51. Route. 321 several tunnels. Finest views between Blansko and Brünn on the left. Above the third tunnel the ruin of Novyhrad. 1481/2 M. Adamsthal, a busy place, with large engine-works and a modern Gothic church. To the E. lies the Kiriteiner Thal, with a number of considerable caverns, and rich in natural beauties, often visited from Brünn. 158 M. Brünn. — Hotels. *GRAND HôTEL (P1, a ; D, 5), in the Bahnring, opposite the station, with baths (1 fl.) and garden, tariff in each room; PADoweTz (Kaiser v. Oesterreich, Pl. b : C, 6); NEUHAUSER (Pl. c.; C, 5), dear. Restaurants. At all the hotels. Schwechater Bierhalle, Lazansky-Platz; Pilsner Bierhalle, Salzamtgasse 1; Hannak, Ferdimandsgasse 46; Gärtner, Johannesgasse; Staatsbahnhof; Zur hohen Warte (on the Spielberg; fine view); Schels, in the Augarten (see p. 323); Semillano, at Karthaus (terminus of local rail, see below), with garden; Steinmühle and Neue Welt, to the right of the Schwarzawa Bridge (reach by local train, or on foot over the Gelbe Berg, 3/4 hr.). Cafés. At the hotels. Biber, Neugasse; Bellevue, Lazansky-Platz; Spranz, Jacobsplatz; Damen-Café, in Hôtel Padowetz. Cabs. From station to town, with one horse 70 kr., with two horses 1 fl. 5 at night 1 or 1/2 fl. By time: for the first ||4 hr. 30, each additional 1/4 hr. 20 kr.; two-horse for first 1/2 hr. 60, each additional 1/2 hr. 50 kr. At night 5-10 kr. more. Steam Tramway. From the station to Karthaus, Schreibwald, and the new cemetery, every half-hour. Theatre. Stadt-Theater (P1. 18; D, 4), closed in July and August. Baths. Charlottenbad (vapour, swimming, etc.), Josefstadt 10; Diana- bad, Jakobsgasse 15; river-baths in the Schwarzawa; Städtisches Bad, and Stieber, Fischergasse. American Consular Agent, G. v. Schoeller, Esq. Brünn (745 ft.), the capital of Moravia, with 94,753 inhab., including the suburbs, lies in a beautiful fertile region at the foot of the Spielberg, between the Schwarzawa and the Zwittawa. The town, which is supposed to have been founded about the year 800 by the Moravian duke Bryno, has greatly prospered during the last few decades and is now one of the chief manufacturing places in the Austrian empire, especially for leather and cloth. The cramped and angular old town is surrounded with promenades occupying the site of the ramparts, beyond which substantial suburbs have sprung up. Turning to the left on leaving the station, we enter the prome- nades of the Franzensberg (Pl. B, C, 6), embellished with an obe- lisk of grey marble in memory of the battle of Leipsic (1813), and obtain a view of the S.W. suburb, the long railway-viaduct, the fer- tile environs, and the Polau Mts. to the S. in the background. To the right is the Episcopal Palace (Pl. 3). On an adjacent hill rises the Cathedral of St. Peter and St. Paul (P1, 13), with its lofty nave, built in the Gothic style in the 45th cent. , destroyed by the Swedes in 1645, and restored in rococo taste. On the E. side of the cathedral hill is the Franzens-Museum (Pl. 5; open in summer on Wed. and Sat., 11-1; at other times on application), containing antiquities, a natural history collection, etc. A little to the N.W. is the Stadthof (Pl, B, 5), whence the Elisabeth-Strasse leads on the E. side of the Spielberg to the Elisabeth-Platz (see below). BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. 24 322 Route 51. BRüNN. From Prague The Spielberg (846 ft. ; Pl. A, 5) is crowned with the citadel of that name, a state-prison from 1740 to 1855, where the turbulent Trenck, colonel of the half savage Pandours, died in captivity in 1749. Count Silvio Pellico, the Italian poet, who was imprisoned here in 1822–30, has described his sad experiences in “Le mie Pri- gioni’. Tickets of admission to the citadel, a visit to which takes an hour, may be obtained at Winkler's, Rennergasse 4, and at Wini- ker's (30 kr.; party of 4-5, 1 fl. ; fee to the sergeant who acts as guide). Pleasant grounds and fine view. In the Elisabeth-Str., bordered on the left with promenades extending to the Spielberg, rise on the right the Staatsgewerbe- schule (Industrial School) and the *Industrial Museum (Gewerbe- museum; adm. free, 9–1; closed in Aug. and Sept.). At the end of the street is the Elisabeth-Platz (Pl, B, 4), with its promenades, enclosed by handsome modern buildings. On the W. is the Tech- nical Institution; on the E. the German Gymnasium (I. Deutsche Gymnasium; Pl. 7); on the S., the premises of the Slavonic Society (“Besednidum”; Pl. 19), the Kronprinz Rudolf Public School, and the German Gymnastic Hall; on the N., the tasteful Protestant Church (P1.8), in the Gothic style, by Ferstel. Beyond the church is the Blind Asylum. Near it, in the Jodok-Str., is the Landhaus, built in 1876–78, where the Moravian Estates meet. In the adjacent Lazansky-Platz, on the left, is the Church of St. Thomas (Pl. 14), next to which are the Statthalterei, or government-buildings (Pl. 17; C, 4), once an Augustinian convent, with a beautiful garden, and the Deutsche Haus, completed in 1890. The Rennergasse leads hence to the S. to the Gothic *Church of St. Jacob (Pl. 40), with nave and aisles of equal height, remarkable for its elegant proportions. It was begun by Meister Anton Pilgram in 1502, and has recently been restored. Superb stained-glass win- dows. On the right side of the choir is the monument of Field- marshal Count Radwit of Souches (d. 1683), the gallant defender of Brünn against the Swedes in 1645. The iron tower, 305 ft. high, was added in 1845. - We now cross the Grosse Platz, with its column in honour of the Virgin, observing a mediaeval house, restored and richly adorned with sgraffito paintings, and follow the Herrengasse and the Rath- hausgasse to the Rathhaus (Pl. 16; C, 5), erected in 1511, but modernised; the rich late-Gothic portal, attributed to Meister Pil- gram, alone retains its original form. A crocodile's skin suspended in the corridor at the back is pointed out as a ‘dragon’. Near this is the Krautmarkt (Pl. C, 5), with a fountain and a column in honour of the Virgin and the Trinity. A vault in the Capuchin Church, in the adjacent Kapuziner-Platz, is the burial- place of Colonel Trenck (see above; apply to sacristan). — Beyond the station is the handsome Synagogue (PI. D., 6), in the Moorish style. — Farther N., in the Basteigasse, adjoining the promenades to Vienna. GRUSSBACH, 51. Route. 323 of the glacis, is the Theatre (Pl. 18; D, 4), completed by Fellner & Helmer in 1882, the first theatre lighted by electricity. The Augarten (P1. B, C, 1, 2), a pleasant park on the N. side of the town, opened to the public by Emp. Joseph II., is a favourite resort. It contains the Augarten-Gebäude (Café), where a military band plays in summer on Tues. and Thurs. at 5 o'clock. — On the S.W. side of the Spielberg lies Alt-Brünn with the Königskloster and its Gothic *Augustinian Church (14th cent.). Farther W., beyond the Schwarzawa, is the (11/2 M.) Schreibwald, a popular place of recreation (steam-tramway every 1/2 hr.). FROM BrüNN To TISCHNow ITz, 18 M. (local train in 11/2 hr.). 11/4 M. Obrowitz, close to the manufacturing quarter of Brünn; 4!/2 M. Königsfeld (Brewery), a favourite resort from Brünn, with a military school and fine park; 6 M. Redkowitz; 71/2 M. Jechnitz; 91/2 M. Zinsendorf. [Charming walk thence by the Babylom (1680 ft.), a fine point of view, to (13/4 hr.) Wranau, with the burial-church of Prince Liechtenstein, and (1 hr.) rail. Stat. Adams- thal (p. 321).] — Next stations Gurein, Drasow, and (18 M.) Tischnowitz, a small town prettily situated on the left bank of the Schwarzawa (oppo- site Tischnowitz-Workloster). Observe here the fine transition church of the former nunnery of Himmelspſorte, particularly the richly sculptured W. *Portal and the cloisters. FROM, BRüNN To VIENNA, 97 M. (“Staatsbahn’, vià Grussbach, in 3-48/4 hrs.). . The line crosses the Schwarzawa, the “Nordbahn (see below), and at Střelitz the Obrawa (junction for Segengottes and Okrischko, see p. 318). Two tunnels. Stations Siluwka, Kanitz-Eibenschitz (where the Iglawa is crossed by a long viaduct). 21 M. Kromau, with a large Schloss and park of Prince Liechtenstein. Then Wolframitz, Mislitz, Frischau, and (391/2 M.) Grussbach (Rail. Rest.; branch-lines to Znaim, p. 318, and to Lundenburg, see p. 324). Near (451/2 M.) Laa, a small walled town, the line crosses the Thaya. Stations Staatz, Mistelbach-Poysdorf, Ladendorf, Weubau-Kreuz- stätten, Schleinbach, Wolkersdorf (beyond which the Marchfeld is traversed, see p. 324), Gerasdorf, and Stadlau (junction for Marchegg and Pest, R. 56). The line crosses the Danube by a bridge and viaduct 1/2 M. long, inter- sects the Prater, crosses the Danube Canal to Simmering, and then the Weu- städter Canal, and enters the Staatsbahnhof on the S. side of Vienna (p. 185). FROM BRüNN To OIMöTz AND TO PRERAU (to Olmütz, 63 M., railway in 4!/4 hrs. ; to Prerau, 56 M., in 2/2 hrs.). 151/2 M. Křenowitz; 20/2 M. Raus- nitz; 291/2 M. Wischan; 35. M. Eywanowitz. At (391/2 M.) Nezamislitz (Rail. Rest.) the line to Prossnitz and Olmütz diverges to the left (p. 320). On the Prerau line are stations Kojetein and Chropin. 56 M. Prerau (p. 328). FROM BRüNN To TEPLA-TRENCSIN-TEPLICz, 110/2 M. (rail in 71/2- 98/4 hrs.). 8 M. Schlapamitz; 15 M. Austerlitz, with a Schloss of Prince Kaunitz, famed for the “Battle of the three Emperors” on 2nd Dec. 1805. 21 M. Butschowitz; 391/2 M. Gaya (Rail. Rest.); 481/2 M. Bisenz, with a Schloss of Count Reichenbach (junction for Pisek, p. 328). We cross the Kaiser-Ferdinands-Nordbahn (p. 328) and, near (55 M.) Wessely, the March. Branch-line to the right to Strassnitz (p. 328) and (91/2 M.) Sudoméritz- Petraw. Our train runs to the N., on the left bank of the March. 571/2 M. Ungarisch-Ostra; 60 M. Weudorf; 631/2 M. Kunowitz, on the Olsawa, which the train follows to the E. (Branch to Ungarisch-Hradisch, see p. 328.) 72/2 M. Ungarisch-Brod; 75 M. Aujezd-Lwhatschowitz, with Count Serény’s baths (water containing iodine, bromine, salt, etc.); 80/2 M. Botkowitz; 90 M. Hradek. We traverse the (102 M.) Vlara Pass (Hungarian frontier) and enter the valley of the Waag. 1101/2 M. Tepla–Trencsin-Teplicz (p. 384). Beyond Brünn, on the “Nordbahn’, stations Ober-Gerspitz, Mö- dritz, and (1641/2 M.) Raigern, with a Benedictine Abbey founded in 1048. It was here in 1805 that Napoleon posted his reserve under 24% 324 Route 51. LUNDENBURG. Davoust, which after the battle of Austerlitz proved so destructive to the retreating Austrians. – 1681/2 M. Rohrbach-Seelowitz; 11/4 M. to the E. lies Gross – Seelowitz, with large sugar-refineries. At (178 M.) Branowitz the Schwarzawa is crossed; on the right the Polaw, Mts. with a ruin. 483 M. Sait: ; on the right rises the ‘Tur- kish Tower', a belvedere in the park of Prince Liechtenstein, 200 ft. high. 1881/2 M. Kostel, with the oldest church in Moravia. 496 M. Lundenburg (Rail. Rest., poor), junction for Olmütz and Oderberg R. 53). ( ë. from the station in 1 hr. (2 fl.) to *Eisgrub, an estate of Prince Liechtenstein, with a large Schloss. The vast park, many square miles in area, contains two towns, several villages, picturesque lakes, the Turkish Tower (see above), etc. FROM LUNDENBURG. To ZELLERNDORF, 52/2 M. (rail in 71/2 hrs.). Sta- tions: Feldsberg, with a château and park of Prince Liechtenstein; Wikols- burg, with a château of Count Mensdorff, where peace between the Austrians and Prussians was concluded on 26th July, 1866; Neusiedl-Dürnholz, whence a branch-line runs to (51/2 M.) Grussbach (p. 323); Lad (p. 323), where we cross the Vienna and Brünn line; Pernhofen-Wulzeshofen, Kadolz-Mailberg, Haugsdorf, and Zellerndorf (p. 319). - The line intersects part of the park, and crosses the Thaya, the boundary between Moravia and Austria. Country flat and fertile; maize abounds. On the right rises the isolated Raistenberg (955 ft.), at the foot of which lies the town of Feldsberg. In the Marchfeld, beyond (207 M.) Hohenau, Ottocar of Bohemia routed the Hungarians in 1260, and in 4278 was defeated and slain by Rudolph of Haps- burg near (2161/2 M.) Dürnkrut. The hills to the E. are the Little Carpathians. Between Dürnkrut and Angerm the line approaches the March, the boundary between Austria and Hungary. .* At (228 M.) Gänserndorf (Rail. Rest.) the line to Pressburg diverges to the E. (p. 349). Near (237 M.) Wagram a bloody battle was fought between the French and the Austrians in 1809, ending with the retreat of the latter to Znaim. To the right the Leopoldsberg with its castle, then the Kahlenberg (p. 246) become visible. 244 M. Floridsdorf. Above the wooded islands of the Danube the tower of St. Stephen's rises in the distance. The train crosses the Danube by an iron bridge 1/2 M. long (with the Franz-Josefs-Brücke on the right, and the Rudolfs-Brücke on the left) and stops at the N. Station of (247 M.) Vienna (p. 185). Travellers whose destination is the Leopoldstadt may engage a porter for their luggage, but should take a cab for more distant quarters (p. 189). b. By Gmünd. - 2171/2 M. RAILWAY (Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Bahn) in 71/2-111/2 hrs. Franz-Josef- Station, see p. 281. A long tunnel carries the train into the Botitsch-Thal. 2 M. Nusle-Wrsowitz (branch to Mo- džan). 6 M. Hostiwak, where the old church contains a Madonna said to date from 1374. – 9 M. Ouñinowes; 13 M. Ridan; 174/2 M. Mnichowitz -Strandits; 26 M. Cerdan-Pišely, where the Sazawa is TABOR. 51. Route. 325 crossed. 32 M. Beneschau, a small town with a Gothic church of the 13th and 14th cent. 351/2 M. Bistritz; 411/2 M. Wottitz, with a château and a Fran- ciscan convent; 461/2 M. Klein-Heſſmanitz; 524/2 M. Stupéic; 561/2 M. Sudoměřitz. 65 M. Tabor (1477 ft. ; Traube), with 7400 inhab., once a stronghold of the Hussites, stands on a bold eminence be- tween the Luschmitz and the Jordanteich. The walls erected by Ziska are still partly preserved. Late-Gothic Rathhaus, finished in 1521, with the city-arms in tufa (1515), in a frame-work which includes statuettes of Ziska, Procopius, Huss, and Jerome of Prague, and a group of Adamites. The Decanalkirche, of 1516, contains an inter- esting zinc font (1472). In front of a house with rich Renaissance ornamentation, in the Ring, is one of the stone tables at which the Taborites used to partake of the Communion in both kinds in the open air. The Municipal Museum contains many local antiquities, chiefly of the Hussite period. On the E. side of the town, outside the Bechiner Thor, is the picturesque ruined castle of Kotnow. — Railway from Tabor to Rašice and Iglau, see p. 314 and below. The line follows the right bank of the Luschnitz. 691/2 M. Plan. 77 M. Soběslau, with 4000 inhab., has a late-Gothic church of the 15th cent., and an old castle, with a slender octagonal tower, now a dwelling-house. 81 M. Wesely, junction for Budweis and Linz (p. 314). FROM WESELY To IGLAU, , 58 M. (rail in 3-4 hrs.). Chief stations: 16!/2 M. Weuhaus (Adler; Dwółak), a busy town of 9000 inhab., with a château of Count Czernin (containing valuable archives, a collection of pictures, and fine old furniture), a Gothic church of the 13th cent, and the loftily situated burial-church of the counts. 35 M. Ihlawka, Station for St. Katharinabad, with its alkaline springs. 40 M. Ober-Cerekwe, whence a branch-line runs to Pilgram (Martinec), a town of 4000 inhab. (2 hrs. E. of which lies Křemešnik, 2516 ft., with its pilgrimage-church), and (311/2 M.) Tabor (p. 314 and above). 49 M. Wolframs; 58 M. Iglaw (p. 317). 89 M. Lomnitz; 941/2 M. Wittingau, a town with 5398 inhab., with a château of the 15th cent. and a Gothic church of the 14th (fine cloisters). Large ponds in the vicinity, where fish are reared. Stations Chlumetz, Suchenthal, and (1151/2 M.) Gmünd, junction for Vienna, see p. 344. c. By Znaim. 230 M., RAILWAY (Nordwest-Bahn) in 9/2-421/2 hrs. 31/3 M. Wysočan; 9 M. Chwala; 21 M. Bühmisch-Lissa (p. 317). From Böhmisch-Lissa to Vienna, see R. 50. 52. From Pardubitz to Zittau. 117 M. RAILwAY in 6!/2 hrs. Pardubitz, see p. 320. Soon after leaving the station the train crosses the Elbe, navigable here for rafts only. The country is flat, monotonous, and thinly peopled. Stat. Pardubitz-Rositz (with the ruin of Kunětitz on the right, p. 320), Steblowa, Opatowitz. 326 Route 52. KÖNIGINHOF. From Purdubitz 141/2 M. Königgrätz (801 ft.; *Goldnes Lamm ; Ross; Rail. Rest.; pop. 7816), a manufacturing town, 11/2 M. to the E. of the station (omn. 20 kr.), at the confluence of the Elbe and the Adler. Gothic cathedral of the Holy Ghost, founded in 1802; interesting interior, with a fine ciborium of 1492. Branch-line to Wostroměř and Böhmisch-Lissa (p. 317). - The hilly ground to the N.W. of Königgrätz, between the Bistritz and the Elbe, is memorable as the scene of the Battle of Königgrätz or Sadowa, fought on 3rd July, 1866, between the Austrians and Prussians, in which the former were totally defeated. The Austrian forces commanded by Benedek occupied a strong defensive position on the ground rising gradually from the Bistritz, from which it was the object of the Prussians to dis- lodge them. The high-road from Königgrätz to Horitz (and Jidin) passes nearly through the centre of this position, leading vià. W$esta,” and Ros- beritz to (6 M.) Lipa (Iſi hr. to the right of which lies Chlum, the highest point in this region, where Benedek was posted during the battle), and crossing the Bistritz at Sadowa, 11/2 M. farther on. The battle began early, and at midday was still undecided. The Prussians maintained with great tenacity the small wood of Sadowa and the Swiebwald on the hill to the N.E., but could not advance farther in the face of the strong and favour- ably-placed artillery of the Austrians. The fortune of the day was at last decided by the capture of Chlum by the Prussian guards. The Austrians were unable to resist the simultaneous advance of the whole Prussian army, and began a retreat, which at places degenerated into a wild rout. Numerous Prussian, Austrian, and Saxon monuments have been erected in different parts of the battle-field. - The country now becomes more fertile. Stations Předméřitz, Smiřitz. 25 M. Josefstadt (840 ft.; Wessely’s Hotel), a fortress on the left bank of the Elbe, 3/4 M. from the railway. FROM JosłRSTADT To LIEBAU, 41 M. (rail in 2/2-3 hrs.). This line passes through several valleys famous since the war of 1866. Stations unimportant. From Starkofsch a branch-line diverges to Wenzelsberg and from Parschnitz another to Ali-Paka (p. 327). Prussia is entered at Königs- hain (junction for Schatzlar). From Liebau to Breslau, etc., see Baedeker’s North Germany. Farther on, we observe the small town of Jaroměř to the right, beyond the Elbe. The train passes through several cuttings and enters the grassy valley of the Elbe. The background is formed by dark forests, enlivened whit châteaux. To the E. and N., in the distance, rise the Glatz and Giant Mts. – 30 M. Kukus. 344/2 M. Königinhof (1120 ft.; Tinus); the town (8635 inhab.) lies 11/2 M. off, on the left bank of the Elbe. The ‘Königinhof Manuscript', found here in 1817, contains fragments of old Czechish national songs, but its genuineness is disputed. The Zaboj Monu- ment in the market-place commemorates the discovery. The Ziska- berg, to the E. of the town, recalls the siege of the town by the Hussites in 1421. The line enters a wooded region. 381/2 M. Themešna; 421/2 M. Mastig, with baths, 1 br. S. of which rises the Swięin (2211 ft.; view of the Giant Mts.). Between Mastig and (4.9 M.) Falgendorf (1650 ft.; Rail. Rest., with rooms to let), the line reaches its cul- minating point, on the plateau of Borowitz (1707 ft.). A good view of the Schneekoppe and other peaks of the Giant Mts. is obtained to Zittau. TURNAU. 52. Route. 327 from the station of Falgendorf. The road hence to the small town and ruined castle of Pecka, 44/2 M. to the S., leads by the village of Stupna, near which is a petrified forest, interesting to geologists. The train enters the narrow Woleschka – Thal. 531/2 M. Alt- Paka (1365 ft.; Rail. Rest.). To PARscHNITz, 37 M. (rail in 18/4 hr.). Stations Kruh; Starkenbach, an industrial town, with a Schloss that once belonged to Wallenstein; Pelsdorf (junction for Hohenelbe, prettily situated on the Elbe, at the foot of the spurs of the Riesengebirge); Arnau; Kottwitz; Pilnikau. 34 M. Trautenau (1401 ft.; Union; Hôtel Stark; Weisses Ross; pop. 13,287), a town on the Aupa, and centre of the Bohemian linen industries. The battles fought here on 27th and 28th June, 1866, are commemorated by an obelisk on the Gablenzhöhe (1657 ft.) and monuments on the Kapellenberg, a fine point of view. Branch-line to Freiheit, see below. 37 M. Parschnitz (p. 326). FROM TRAUTENAU To JoHANNISBAD. Train up the valley of the Aupa to (8 M.) Freiheit in 40 min. ; diligence thence in 1/2 hr. to Johannisbad (*Kurhaus; Deutsches Haus; Breslau; Stern; Hôt. Johannisbad, etc.), with its warm spring (84°Fahr.). Charming environs: the Ladig (1 hr.), the Klause (1 hr.), the Schºbertsmühle (3/4 hr.), etc. Several lofty viaducts. 59%. M. Liebstadtl ; 64 M. Semil (1090 ft.), with an old château of Prince Rohan, now public offices. Diligence thence in 7 min. to the manufacturing village of Iserthal (good Inn); pretty view from the Rabenstein. We enter the romantic valley of the Iser. Four tunnels. – 68 M. Eisenbrod, junction for Tannwald, beyond which, on the right, is the large group of factories of New-Hamburg. Then the Lischneier Tunnel, 1/4 M. long. The scenery between this point and Turnau is the finest on the line; beautiful wooded and rocky land- scapes. Beyond (72 M.) Kleinskal, on the right, is the modern château of Daliméritz. - - An interesting route leads from Kleinskal to (2 hrs.) Reichenau (see below), passing the “Felsen-Pantheon" (on a bold rock on the right bank of the Iser, containing memorials of Austrian celebrities) and the ruin of Friedstein, and crossing the Kopainberg (2149 ft. ; *view). 77/2 M. Turnau (Sparkasse-Hôtel; Krome; Rail. Rest.; pop. 5959), a pleasant town on a hill on the left bank of the Iser, com— manded by the Gothic Marienkirche. The hydropathic of Warten– berg, 24/2 M. to the S., is a health-resort. In the vicinity are the ruin of Waldstein (1276 ft.) and the château and park of Gross-Skal (1194 ft.). : . A *WALK to Wartenberg, Gross-Skal, and Waldstein and back takes 3/2 hrs. (guide 1 fl.); including the ruins of Troska and the Annen-Capelle (with a view as far as Prague in clear weather), 21/2 hrs. more. The sandstone rocks of Gross-Skal are remarkably bold and grotesque. The path leads from the Wartenberg past the Wratislaw-Felsen, resembling an obelisk, the Greifennest, and the Drachenhöhle, and through the narrów cleft called the Mausloch, to the handsome castle of Gross-Ska!; thence through beautiful grounds with magnificent beeches and tall junipers, past the Felsenkammer with Adam and Eve, and the Felsenstadt, to Wald- stein, the ancestral castle of Wallenstein, curiously built on and in the rOckS. - . FROM TURNAU To PRAGUE (64!/2 M., rail in 33/4 hrs.). Station Swijan- Podol. 9/2 M. Münchengrätz (801 ft. ; Traube; pop. 3600), on the Iser, near which Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia defeated the Austrians and 328 Route 52. REICHENBERG. Saxons on 28th June, 1866. Wallenstein (see below) is interred in the chapel of the château here. Stations Bakov (p. 815), Jung-Bunzlau (p. 315), Kutter- thal, Våetat-Přivor (p. 316), Neratowitz (branch to Kralup, p.297), Kojetitz, Czakowitz, and Wysočan. 64!/2 M. Prague, see p. 281. The train now enters a smiling and well-cultivated district. A long tunnel. 821/2 M. Sichrow, with a noble château and park of Prince Rohan. We cross the valley of the Mohelka by a viaduct, 130 yds. long. 86 M. Liebenau, 901/2 M. Reichenau, two busy glass- making places. (Route over the Kopainberg to KleinSkal, see p. 327.) The line ascends in a long bend to (94. M.) Langenbruck (1647 ft.), on the watershed between the Iser and the Neisse, and descends to — 100 M. Reichenberg (1230 ft.; *Goldner Löwe ; Union Hotel; Rail, Restaur.; pop. 30,890), an important manufacturing town, with large cloth-factories, an old Rathhaus, and the château and park of Count Clam-Gallas. The *North Bohemian Gewerbe-Mu- seum (Wed. and Sun., 9–4, free; Mon., Thurs., Frid., and Sat. 10 kr.) contains extensive collections of art-industrial objects (fur- niture, carvings, textile products, pottery, glass, metal-work, etc.), a library, and a collection of patterns. Pretty views from the Heilsberg, Heinrichshöhe, and other points. The *Jeschken (3314ft.; 21/2 hrs.) commands a splendid panorama. To SEIDENBERG, 26 M. (rail in 18/4 hr.). 8 M. Einsiedel, with a deer- park of Count Clam-Gallas; 10/2 M. Raspenau, station for the pretty watering-place of Liebwerda (Helm, Adler), 4 M. to the E., at the foot of the Tafelſichte (3681 ft.) 16 M. Friedland, with a grand and boldly-situated Schloss of Count Clam-Gallas, once the seat of Wallenstein, Duke of Fried- land, containing many memorials of the Thirty Years' War. — 26 M. Seidenberg, the Prussian frontier-station (custom-house examination). To Görlitz, Cottbus, and Berlin, see Baedeker’s Northern Germany. Pretty scenery. Stations Machendorf, Kratzau, Weisskirchen. Numerous viaducts, the last of which is the great *Neisse Viaduct of 34 arches, 950 yds. long and 72 ft. high. 117 M. Zittau, see Baedeker's Northern Germany. 53. From Vienna to Breslau. 284 M. RAILwAY in 11-14 hrs. (Express to Oderberg in 6 hrs.; thence to Breslau in 4 hrs.) To (51 M.) Lundenburg, see p. 324. The line here diverges to the right from the Brünn railway. 591/2 M. Mährisch - Neudorf; 641/2 M. Luschitz; 65 M. Göding, a thriving town with an old castle, on the March, which becomes navigable here. 691/2 M. Strassnitz; the town lies 6 M. to the E. on the left bank of the March (p. 323); 771/2 M. Pisek (branch to Bisenz, see p. 323); 82 M. Poleschowitz. 85 M. Ungarisch-Hradisch (Rail. Rest.), on the March, once fortified (junction for Kunowitz, see p. 323). Beyond (93. M.) Napagedl the March is crossed. 96 M. Otrokowitz; 1001/2 M. Kwassitz-Tlumatschau; 1041/2 M. Hullein, whence a branch runs W. to Kremsier, the summer-residence of the Prince Bishop of Olmütz, Zborowitz, and Kojetein (p. 328). 1131/2 M. Prerau (696 ft.; Rail. Rest., with a few beds), a OLMüTZ. 53. Route. 329 venerable town on the Béczwa, with an ancient castle once occu- pied by King Matthew Corvinus, and a Gothic Rathhaus (junction for Nezamislitz and Brünn, p. 323). FROM PRERAU To OLMüTZ, 14 M., railway in 34 min. , traversing the fertile district of Hanna. Stat. Brodek. Olmütz (Goliath; Lauer’s Hotel; Hôtel Pietsch; Goldne Birne; * Cafés Hirsch, Wohak, and Fichtner; omn, from station to town 25 kr.; cab 80 kr. or 1 ſi. 20 kr., at night 1 fl. 10 or 1 ſl. 70 kr.; pop. 19,840, incl. garrison of 4000 men), 8/4 M. from the station, the second town in Moravia, is strongly fortified. In the Thirty Years' War it was taken by the Swedes, and in 1758 was unsuccessfully besieged for seven weeks by Frederick thé Great. In 1794 Lafayette was imprisoned here. In the Oberring, with its tall ‘Trinity Column” (1742), are the Rathhaus of the 15th cent. (with a fine E. portal, an astronomical clock, and a Gothic chapel, now con- taining a collection of coins), and the Theatre. In the Mauritius-Platz are the Gothic Mauritiuskirche (11th and 12th cent.) and the modern school-build- ings, containing the Gewerbemuseum. Adjoining the large new barracks is the Studien - Bibliothek (the library of the old university, which was suppressed in 1858). The fine Gothic Cathedral of the Prince Bishop was built in the reign of Wenceslaus III. (assassinated here in 1806, and interred in the cathedral). Pleasant Stadtpark, laid out in 1866. From Olmütz to Hohenstadt and Böhmisch-Tribau, see p. 320. FROM OLMüTZ To JAGERNDORF (57. M.; rail in 3||2-5 hrs.). The train crosses the Feistritz several times. 4 M. Gross-Wisternitz, at the foot of the Sudeten; to the left Heiligenberg, on the hill, with a pilgrimage- church; 91/2 M. Hombok; the valley now contracts; 12/2 M. Grosswasser. Four tunnels. 21 M. Domstadtl, picturesquely situated, where the Austrians captured the baggage of Frederick the Great in 1758, and thus made him raise the siege of Olmütz. 251/2 M. Bärn-Andersdorf (Rail. Rest.), with large linen and cottom factories. 371/2 M. Kriegsdorf (Rail. Rest.; branch to Römerstadt). To the left rise the Altvater and the Waterberg. 43 M. Freudenthal (1794 ft.; Thiel; Schindler; Schober; pop. 7600), prettily situated, with an old castle which was once the chief seat of the Teutonic Order, is now the centre of the Austrian-Silesian linen industry. (Diligence daily in 2 hrs., 12/2 M., to the romantically situated baths of Karlsbrunn, from which the Altwater may be ascended.) The train descends to (481/2 M.) Erbersdorf. (Branch-line in 11/4 hr. to Würbenthal; diligence thence in 1 hr. to Kaltenbrunn, see above, and in 4 hrs. to Freiwaldau, p. 330.) 57 M. Jägerndorf, see p. 330. The line crosses the Beczwa. Fertile country studded with fruit- trees. To the left a château of Count Potocki. To the E. of (124 M.) Leipnik, a manufacturing town (pop. 5389) with old watch-towers, rises the dilapidated Schloss Helfenstein, the property of Prince Dietrichstein. The valley of the Beczwa is fertile and picturesque. Cuttings, embankments, and viaducts abound. The high ground at (131/2 M.) Weisskirchen is the boundary between Moravia and Aus- trian Silesia, and the watershed between the Black Sea and the Baltic. 138 M. Pohl. From Pohl a diligence runs twice daily in 5 hrs. to Walachisch- Meseritz and (20 M.) Roschnau (1243 ft.; Hôtel Radhost; Krone), a prettily situated little town in “Moravian Walachia’, a health-resort of consumptive patients. (Kurhaus, vapour baths, whey-cure, etc.) The train now enters the district of the Oder. 145 M. Zauchtl. The Little Carpathians form the background to the E. Branch-line from Zauchtl to (1/2 hr.) Neutitschein (935 ft.; Hôtel Schuster; pop. 11,549), a charmingly situated town. The Steinberg, 1/2 hr. to the S., is a splendid point of view ; still finer is the height iſ, hr. farther on, 330 Route 35. RATIBOR. ſ from which the entire chain of the N. Carpathians is visible. To the W., 1 hr., is the picturesque ruin of Altitschein (1594 ft.). To the E., 4 M., lies the finely situated little town of Strømberg (1372 ft.), with the inter- esting cave of Kotouc, noted for its petrefactions. 152 M. Stauding (Rail. Rest.; branch-line in 11/4 hr. to Stram- berg, see above). At (163M.) Schönbrunn (Rail, Rest.) the Oder- thal contracts and becomes picturesque. To JäGERNDORF (36 M.; rail in 3 hrs.). Stations Dielhau, Freiheitau, Oppahof-Stettin, Komorau. 18 M. Troppau (Krone; Römischer Kaiser; pop. 21,676), on the Oppa, capital of Austrian Silesia, and meeting-place of the Congress of 1820, which was afterwards adjourned to Laibach (p. 272). The train follows the Oppa, the boundary between Austrian and Prussian Silesia, vià. Kreuzendorf, Skrochowitz, Lobenstein (with the ruin of Schellem- burg on the left), and Burgberg (with its pilgrimage-church), to Jägern- dorf (1027 ft.; Kaiser von Oesterreich; *Tiroler; Reichsadler; Krone; pop. 14,278), a thriving town, with extensive cloth-factories and a château of Prince Liechtenstein. This is the junction of the lines running S. to Freudenthal and Olmütz (p.329); N.E. to Leobschiite and Ratibor (see below); and N.W. to Ziegenhals, Weisse, and Brieg (see below). Near (1661/2 M.) Mährisch-Ostraw (junction for Mährisch-Fried- land) the Oder is crossed. In the vicinity are large coal-pits and Baron Rothschild’s iron-works of Witkowitz. - 1714/2 M. Oderberg (Rail. Rest.), the Austrian frontier-town, junction of the lines to Cracow (R. 73) and Kaschau (R. 71). Luggage examined here. The train again crosses the Oder, the boundary between Austria and Prussia. Stations Annaberg, Kreu- zemort, Tworkau. * - - 187 M. Ratibor (* Wedekindt), junction of a line to the W. to Leobschütz and Jägerndorf (see above). - - The train recrosses the Oder. Stations Nendza (branch-line to Kattowitz), Ratiborer - Hammer, Cosel- Kandrzin (branch-line to Gleiwitz and Beuthen-Königshütte and to Cosel-Neisse-Königszelt). To the right rises the isolated Annaberg, with a pilgrimage-chapel. Stat. Gogolin. . - - - 233 M. Oppeln (Form's Hôtel; Adler; pop. 14,400), capital and seat of government of Upper Silesia. The train follows the left bank of the Oder. Stations Löwen, Loosen, and (258/2 M.) Brieg (Lamm, Kreuz), a town with 17,500 inhabitants. Branch-line from Brieg to the S. (in 11/2 hr.) to Neisse (Stern; Krone; Adler), a fortress pleasantly situated on the Weisse, to Ziegenhals, and Jägerndorf (see above). Diligence daily in 4/2 hrs. from Ziegenhals to Freiwaldau (1447 ft.; *Krome; Kaiser von Oesterreich; Kretschmar; Kron- prinz), 12 M. to the S.W., in Austria; 11/2 M. distant is Gräfenberg, the celebrated hydropathic founded by Priessnitz (d. 1851), the inventor of the system. - Beyond Brieg, on the left, rises the white tower of Mollwitz, where Frederick the Great gained a victory in 1741. 268 M. Ohlau. 284 M. Breslau, see Baedeker's N. Germany. - - - - BRE, Ugº 18 - Fº - — o I. on g it ud - - -- Fosteºbhº, - N. - *= ****''''". East 20 from Greenwich. 21 - ºf Hster.… --A- Carth Aºtº. Noanslatu carºtadt *t-º- E-E-E- ------- -- 22. 23 - | " 5triegas: -> *\ } = - ºfiºsº - --- - T F- - -- - 24. ºs-j - - ºrKirkutzburg - °ruarno o Sºgº tºpol. I --- E=-E-- *=- Tºzzºt wn iſºlo an - (** 8 *** cºrvo. zchºw º & nurºrº - l -- - ºnger- - º - - º 3. "º ºbten tº § sº l + In g º Ozaro dºorºº MAP OF THE Sºhº, Wins o. - maland - - - v Heidersdorf - Moltrºtz - I, o. w YººTºrºni. 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( * * . * aviaar - -*-*. - ~ - - 17 - ºf ecska. -º- a - \. º therſperºr Mašº - --- \ -T - - & Alt orsova, º - - _29. so tº -o- º - º ºw Orsº Kladora- --> --- Küometresſilson 1*/ *-*==== º - o , Scale 1:2,000.000 º º l 25. - §...sºrinu 23 German mºº == –? - -- - º - * *0graºrºjans. - cheerletº- Howra of march 25-1°, Prowo - #Tarº Kadoya) ºf -* * - Palest obra ; w K seesº. 20 Gołubatz Dubowº ... Zºllinov” P § 3. ºvclesnitzadº -- A º ºkriwina. --> Rapid - - - - chuertowce ºrws Manor STziganasdº Brza Palankaº HUNGARY, OROATIA, AND SLAVONIA. General Remarks. The HUNGARIAN CROWN LANDs, viz. Hun- gary and Transylvania, Fiume and its territory, Croatia, and Sla- vonia, cover an area of 125,900 sq. M., with a population, accord- ing to the last census (1880), of 15,738,468. Of these inhabitants less than half (6,165,088) belong to the Hungarian or Magyar race, the other dwellers in Hungary being Roumanians, Germans, Slo- vakians, Ruthenians, Servians, Croatians, and Gipsies. The Magyars dwell chiefly in the great plains on both sides of the Danube, and in the ‘Szeklerland' in Transylvania; the Germans in the border- lands towards Lower Austria and Styria, in the Zips, and in the Transylvanian ‘Sachsenland’; the Slovakians in the N.W., the Ru- thenians in the N.E., the Croatians and Servians in the S.W. and S., and the Roumanians in the S.E. districts. German, Roumanian, and Slavonic settlements are also frequently found in the midst of Magyar territory. The most singular mingling of races occurs in the Banat, where Germans, Servians, Roumanians, Magyars, Slovak- ians, Bulgarians, Bohemians, Armenians, and Frenchmen dwell to— gether. Most of the foreign inhabitants are descendants of immi– grants after the expulsion of the Turks from Hungary in the 18th century. The German element is more or less present in all the Hungarian towns, but is becoming rapidly assimilated, while this process makes so little progress among the rural Germans that in some of their villages no one speaks Hungarian except the notary. Hungary is one of the richest countries in Europe. The N. por- tion, intersected by the Carpathian Mts., and the S.E. region (form- erly the Banat) possess mineral treasures in abundance, including rock-salt and the precious metals, as well as an inexhaustible supply of timber. The S. slopes of the Carpathians, particularly the He- gyallja near Tokay, yield large quantities of excellent wine, while the great plains of the Danube and the Theiss stock the markets of Central Europe with their surplus produce. The trade of the country, formerly confined to the Danube, Theiss, Maros, Drave, and other large rivers, has been drawn into new channels by the railways, and is rapidly developing. Plan of Tour. Since the adoption of the Zone Tariff by the Hungarian railways, travelling in this interesting country is no longer attended with difficulty or serious expense. The ordinary tourist, however, will probably limit himself to a 22 332 HUN GARY. visit to Budapest, the descent of the Danube to Orsova, and perhaps an excursion into the Tätra. The most convenient way of combining these is as follows: by steamboat from Budapest to Orsova (or partly by train, to Semlin-Belgrade, or by Temesvár to Báziás or Orsova); railway by Mehádia, Temesvár, Arad (or Grosswardein), Debreczin, Miskolcz, and Kaschau to Poprād (excursions to Schmecks and the Tátra); then either by railway to Oderberg (or from Sillein through the Waagthal to Pressburg), or by Altsohl and Losoncz back to Pest. Debreczin, Szegedin, and the other large towns of Lower Hun- gary contain little to interest the traveller beyond their specific Hungarian character. - Language. The Magyar tongue belongs, like Turkish and Fin- nish, to the Finnish-Tartaric family (early Asiatic), and is not allied with the European or Indo-Germanic languages. An ac- quaintance with it is not necessary for a tour in Hungary, as Ger– man is understood at the hotels (see below) and by almost every educated person. The Hungarian names will often puzzle the stranger. The most important peculiarities of the pronunciation are: că is pronounced like the English ch, cz, like ts, ly like lyi, ny like nyi, gy like dyi, 8 and 2.8 like sh, 8% and 883, like s. Some of the words of most frequent occurrence are: alsº, lower, under ; balra, to the left; Bécs, Vienna; bor, wine (fehér bor, white wine, vörös bor, red wine); c3ikós, horse-boy; egyház, church; ember, man; erdö, wood; falva, village ; féher, white; fekete, black; fél, half; felsö, upper; fº, head; fºld, earth; gulyás, cow-herd; hallász, fisher- man; haz, house; hegy, hill; hid, bridge; hordár, porter; jobbra, to the right; juhász, shepherd; kanász, Swine-herd; kapu, gate; kerem, I beg, please; kert, garden; király, king ; kis, small; kö, stone; liget, a wood; mezö, field; monostor, monastery; nagy, large; Német, German ; nü, woman; 6, old; Os3trak, Austrian; palota, palace; podgyász, luggage; podgyász vizsgålás, custom-house examination; Sebes, quick; 86, salt; Sör, beer; Szent, saint; Sziget, island; Szinház, theatre; tava, tº, lake; tessék, pray, if you please ; Török, Turkish; uſ, new ; ºr, sir, Mr., man ; tıt, utza, street, lane; vár, värad, castle; város, town; väsár, market-town; vendéglö, fogadó, hotel, inn; viz., water. * The accent indicates the length of the vowel, but the accent- uation of the word is generally on the first syllable. As Only the Hungarian names of the railway-stations are an- nounced, travellers ignorant of the language should apply to the guard for information. Money. In Hungary, as in Austria, paper-money only is in common circulation. Gold pieces of 8 and 4 fl. and ducats are rarely met with. The small coins (20, 10, and 5 kr, in silver; 4 and 1 kr. in copper) are the same as in Austria, but with a Hungarian legend. Hotels. Budapest, Pressburg, Debreczin, Kaschau, and the other large towns of Hungary contain good hotels, suited to modern re- LOBAU. 54. Route, 333 quirements; and even in the country the Hungarian inns are better than in most of the German dominions of Austria. - Carriages for hire, except in the large towns, where the cabs have a fixed tariff, are generally owned by Jews. In case of over- charges the landlord or porter may be consulted, and as a rule a bargain should be made beforehand. 54. The Danube from Vienna to Budapest. STEAMBOAT To BUDAPEST in 12-13 hrs. — In the reverse direction the RAILwAY (R.R. 56, 57), 5-9 hrs., is preferable, as the steamers take 22 hrs. to ascend the Stream. A small steamboat, starting at 7 a.m. from the steamboat-office by the Franzensbrücke, on the right bank of the Danube Canal (p. 190), conveys passengers to the larger vessel, which starts from the Prater-Quai (p. 238), also at 7 a.m., and awaits their arrival at the Pratereck, in the main arm of the river. Fare to Budapest 7 fl. or 4 fl. 65 kr. ; return-ticket 10 fl. 50kr. or 7 fl. — Good restaurant on board; table-d'hôte at 12.45 p.m., without wine, 1 fl. 60 kr. - A Local Steamboat plying between Vienna and Pressburg usually leaves Vienna at 5 p.m. and Pressburg at 6 a.m. daily (down stream in *|| hrs., fare 2 fl. 22 or 1 fl. 48 kr.: up stream in 5 hrs., fare 1 fl. 74 or 1 fl. 16 kr.). The right and left banks are denoted by r. and I. respectively. The usual hours of arrival are given, provided the steamer starts at 7 a.m. ScFNERY. The finest is between Deutsch - Altenburg and Pressburg, between Nesmühl and Waitzen, and in nearing Budapest. The least at- tractive part of the route is from below Pressburg to below Komorm. The small steamer passes under the Franzensbrücke, the bridge of the Verbindungsbahn or loop-line, the Sofienbrücke, the Kaiser- Josefs-Brücke, and lastly the bridge of the Staatsbahn (p. 323). On the left lies the Prater, on the right rises the Weissgårber- kirche (p. 229), in the district of Landstrasse. Further on is the suburb of Erdberg, with its kitchen-gardens. At the Pratereck, where the Danube Canal joins the main branch of the river, we embark in the large steamer. - - - (7.30 a.m.) L. The Lobau, the longest (4!/2 M. long, 3 M. broad) of the wooded islands which conceal the left bank. On that bank, a little inland, lie the villages of Aspern and Essling. . In 1809 Napoleon was master of Vienna. Half of his army had crossed by the Lobau to the left bank of the Danube, when the Austrians suc- ceeded in burning the bridge between the right bank and the island. At the same time they attacked the villages of Asperm and Essling, positions of paramount importance occupied by the French. After a fearful carnage of two days (21st and 22nd May), the French again retired to the Lobau, which was now occupied by their whole army of 150,000 infantry, 30,000 horses, and 700 pieces of ordnance. Traces of the fortifications constructed on that occasion are still observable. From this island (Napoleon's head- quarters 1st-5th July) a second passage of the Danube was effected at the beginning of July, and on the 5th and 6th of the month the memorable battle of Wagram (p. 323) was fought. The Austrians were driven back as far as Znaim (p. 318), where an armistice was shortly afterwards concluded. The Peace of Vienna was signed on 14th Oct. of the same year. R. Fischament; 1. Schönau. R. Ellend, close to the river. (R. Haslau, l. Orth, a little in- land.) Then, r. Regelsbrunn. . . . 334 Route 54. PRESSBURG. The Danube from R. Petronell. The handsome château belongs to Count Traun. (9 a.m.) R. Deutsch-Altenburg, with a castle and sulphur-baths. On a hill rises the elegant Gothic church of St. John ; the church- yard contains an old round church, restored in 1822. Adjacent is a mound, 62 ft. high, called the Hütelberg (‘hat-hill'), which is said to have been heaped up by the people in hatfuls to commemorate the expulsion of the hated Turks. In the vicinity are remains of the Roman Carnuntum (large amphitheatre, etc.), the antiquities found in which are preserved in the museum of Deutsch-Altenburg. (9.15) R. Hainburg (König von Ungarn; pop. 5075), very pic- turesque, with its old walls and towers. The Schlossberg is crowned with a large ruin; on the N. slope is the handsome Pioneer Cadet School. The Imperial Tobacco Manufactory here employs upwards of 1500 hands. The Rathhaus contains a Roman votive altar. On the Wienerthor is a stone figure of King Attila (?), who according to the Nibelungen-Lied once spent a night here. A rock rising abruptly from the river, below Hainburg, is crowned with the ruined castle of Rottenstein. Hainburg and — L. Theben, Hungarian Dévény, form the gateway to Hungary. The March (or Morava), the boundary between Austria and Hungary, falls into the Danube at the foot of the lofty old castle of Theben, a considerable ruin, though blown up by the French in 1809. (9.45) L. Pressburg. — Hotels. *GRÜNER BAUM (Pl. a), R. 80 kr-2 fl. (Hr. Paługyay, the landlord, owns large and interesting wine-cellars near the station); HôTEL NATIONAL (Pl. b); KöNIG von UNGARN (Pl. c.); HIRSCH, in the market-place; RoTHER OCHS (Pl. d), R. & A. 80, L. 15 kr., well spoken of: GoLDNE RosB (Pl. e). Wine at Schmidt-Hansl's, König-Ludwigs- Platz, by the Michaeler-Thor. Beer at Wellisch's Bierhalle, Andreasgasse and Langegasse. Railway-Restaurant. Cabs. To the station, with one horse 60 kr., with two-horses 1 fl. 10 kr. ; at night, 90 kr, or 1 fi. 65 kr. In the town, with one horse, ſa, hr. * kr., each additional 1/4 hr. 20 kr.: with two horses, ſ2 hr. 60 kr., 1 hr. fl. 10 kr., each additional 1/2 hr. 40 kr. — Omnibus to the station 14 kr. (at night 21 kr.). - Pressburg, Hungar. Pozsony, with 52,500 inhab. (1/4 Hunga- rians; 5000 Jews), formerly the capital of Hungary, where the coro- nation of the kings took place, is beautifully situated on the spurs of the Little Carpathians. It consists of the inner town, or Altstadt, the old walls of which were removed in 1778, the Ferdinandstadt and Neustadt on the N., the Franz-Josef's-Stadt on the Danube, and the Theresienstadt to the W. On the E. side of the Hauptplatz in the Altstadt is the Rathhaus (PI. 16), begun in 1288, and frequently altered. On the first floor is the Städtische Museum (Sun. and Thurs. 9–12), containing Roman and mediaeval curiosities, weapons and uniforms, busts of Emp. Francis and others, a fine fountain-figure by Tilgner, etc. The Ma- riensäule, in front of the contiguous Jesuit church, was erected by Leopold I. in 1672, in honour of the Immaculate Conception. — In the Batthyanyi-Platz, behind the Rathhaus, is the Primatial- Gebäude (Pl. 14), the winter-palace of the Primate of Hungary. - Danyſłoof-Stationen g : Fºhrer ºf dem H. ºnv - o - º NOberºr. agena * º º --~~ ; ( - Loipersdorf’s Szász º wº º - * ºw. º * r 0. See* Mºed, Wºden; *- º º | Wagº - ng ºds - - Jºrchd - - , ... Hº *ws sº - % -i. Saros ſhºz Apácza Sz Secº Stopfenreitly: ºw º, º º º ºš º wºrn dorfer Haidº ºf º von WIEN is PEST-0FEN. (West. Halfte ) N Zºffº º º º º % iſ sº \% º - - --~~~ DIE ) ()NAU von WIEN bisº EST-OFEN. ( fist. Hilfte ) o ºr Wagner & Lºbºs-Leipzig. ºwºgº w Geºgraph Ansºn º 3/3 # ? 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Route. 335 On the N. side of the Hauptplatz is the Franciscan Church (Pl. 5), founded in 1290, and afterwards altered. On the E. side is the Gothic Chapel of St. John, with double crypt. - In the Landhaus (Pl. 10), erected in 1753, now a court of justice, the imperial diets were held from 1802 to 1848. Near it is the handsome Grassalkowich Palace (Pl. 12). - The Gothic Cathedral of St. Martin (Pl. 4), formerly the coron- ation-church, begun in 1090, completed in 1452, and disfigured by a modern tower, was restored in 1865-67. The late-Gothic Chapel of St. Anna (14th cent.), in the N. aisle, contains a fine modern carved altar. Outside the choir is an equestrian statue of St. Mar- tin, in Hungarian costume, executed in lead by Donner (1734). At the E. end of the Promenaden-Platz is the new Theatre, built by Fellner and Helmer. In front of it are a pretty fountain and a bust of the composer Hummel, who was born at Pressburg in 1778, both by Tilgner. The Schlossgrundgasse and the Schlossstiege lead W. from the cathedral to the Schlossberg. A path ascends in steps, through a massive and imposing gateway, to a plateau (272 ft. above the Da- nube) enclosed by a wall, with the extensive ruins of the royal palace, which was burned down in 1811. Superb view from the terrace and the W. tower, embracing, to the N., the wine-clad slopes of the Little Carpathians, with the city at our feet; to the S., beyond the winding Danube, the villages of Karlsburg and Kittsee, the ruin of Wolfsthal, &c.; and to the W., Hainburg and Theben, with the Thebener Kogel. A Bridge of Boats, a favourite evening promenade, leads from the Franz-Josefs-Stadt to the Au, a pleasant park (café) on the right bank of the Danube, much frequented on summer-evenings (gnats troublesome). Open-air theatre in the Arena, a few hundred paces below the bridge. Horse-races take place annually in spring in the Engeraw, farther to the S. - - The ENVIRONs afford many beautiful excursions. The (1/2 hr.) Calva- rienberg, to the N., affords a fine view ; descend thence to the Weidritzthal and (1. hr.) the Eisenbründl, a small mineral bath (Inn); then through beautiful woods to the (3/4 hr.) Gemsenberg, the highest point of which, the Széchényi-Hill (1440 ft.), with its wooden tower, is an admirable point of view; back to the town by the Gemsgraben in 11/4 hr. more. , Longer excursions to (12 M.) Marienthal, with an old abbey, now a château of Count Schaffgotsch, and to (3/4 hr.) the ruin of Ballenstein, and back by the Kupferhammer and the ruin of Weissenstein to St. Georgen, a station On the Tyrnau railway (p. 383). To Theben (p. 334) by steamboat; ascend to the ruin and to the top of the Thebener Kogel (1686 ft.; magnificent View); thence to Hainburg, picturesquely situated on the opposite bank of the Danube, or to the latter direct from Pressburg on the right bank by Wolfsthal and the ruin of Mädchenburg. From Pressburg to Tyrnau and Sillein by railway, see p. 383. Below Pressburg the banks of the Danube again become flat. The scenery is occasionally diversified by herds of cattle on the banks and groups of mills in the water. The river is divided into Several arms, which form two large islands, on the left the Grosse, 336 Route 54. GRAN. and on the right the Kleine Schütt; the former is 56 M. long, 31 M. broad, and contains about a hundred villages. L. Körtvélyes and Süly. (1.5 p.m.) R. Gönyö lies at the end of the Kleine Schütt. At the S. end of the island, 91/2 M. from Gönyö (local steamer in 11/2 hr.), lies Raab, Hung. Györ (see p. 351). R. Acs, at a distance from the river; on the hill the rich Bene- dictine abbey of St. Martinsberg (p. 351). (1.50 p.m.) R. Neu-Szöny, or Uj-Szöny, a station of the Vienna and Budapest railway (p. 352), connected with Komorn by a bridge- of-boats. The steamboat rounds the S.E. end of the Grosse Schütt. (2) L. Komorn (König v. Ungarn; Goldnes Fassl; pop. 13,100), Hungar. Komárom, an ancient town on the right bank of the Waag, which here falls into the Danube, with strong fortifications, origin- ally constructed under King Matthew Corvinus, and extended since 1805. During the last Hungarian war in 1849 the place was success- fully defended by the Hungarians. R. Alt-Szöny, with a château of Count Zichy. (2.45) R. Almás, with a warm mineral spring and marble quarries. Nesmühl, Hungar. Nes&mély, is noted for its wine. The river, now undivided by islands, is of more imposing width. (3.12) R. Piszke also possesses quarries of marble. (4) R. Gran (Badhátel), Lat. Strigonium, Hungar. Esztergom, a town with 9350 inhab., lies near the confluence of the Gran and the Danube, 3 M. from rail. stat. Gran-Nāna (p. 350). The huge dome of the Cathedral, resembling that of St. Peter's at Rome, rises very picturesquely on a hill. This imposing edifice, in the Italian Renaissance style, was begun in 1821, under Cardinal Rudnay, Primate of Hungary, and completed by Cardinal Szitowsky in 1856. The nave is 348 ft. long, the transept 160 ft. long and 62 ft. high; the dome is 260 ft. high and 52 ft. in diameter. The flat roof is adorned with statues of the Four Evangelists and many others. Large high-altar piece, an Assumption by Grigoletti. Another altar- piece, by Hess, a Hungarian artist, represents the baptism of St. Stephen, the first Christian king of Hungary, who founded the archbishopric of Gran in 1001. The Stefanscapelle contains a marble statue of the same Saint by Ferenczy. The first chapel to the right of the entrance contains the Sumptuous marble monument of Archduke Karl Ambrosius, Arch- bishop of Gran and Primate of Hungary. The Bahacs Chapel, on the left, erected in another part of the town in 1507, was transferred hither in 1827. By the entrance to the crypt are statues of Peace and Immortality by Schrott. At the E. base of the hill are the old Archiepiscopal Palace and the Priests' Seminary. On the W. side of the hill stands the Church of St. Anna, another domed structure, adjoining which is the im- posing new Palace of the Primate. - * * * L. Párkány is connected with Gran by a bridge - of-boats. Beyond this the railway (p. 350) follows the left bank of the river. The valley contracts, and is flanked with picturesque porphyry and limestone rocks. On an abrupt rock rises — C # E. º § º à ºſ º * - º º - º - - º º 1. s nºſis." **Elt * - º º #_º - º - ºº's - - º, - Nº - - - • *-º - - º- - - º - - + + 4-1-4 + - + + - º, * ~. º - - - –t + + º- * +_+ 1 + + - - -- ...+ + 4 + + . -- . + * - It K. 5' 7-tººt 9 || . ºr tº ſº ºn tº a ºãº Mikeszaki padya Iſtvár ºrnºgnishingfa. - §§ - - *-ī-, *. º # +wº-+§: + -+ #gº %2% º § º º Ø% %% º % % % wº - - N - % Nº. - º º º , , , ºrs. - - ** * ºf ºx’ -- º N \\\ \ \º . Nº m - - ºzsº - a ſºº % % * * % - º - % º º & - + --- - - rt. º ſ % % sº, º - - N \\ - - º "4% - º - - - \\ - * * * ºč - * \\\\\\,. º wº * º : º - º º - - sº º | | § º - s UDAPEST. 1: 20,000 mºs & - - - *g - • ‘Sº be - º - - IIona forrás "º - S. || || || - - º º ºr - º - *- 39_* 500 tº Zºº_. - == Meter = 1 Kilom. º 800 900 1000 —a ci c mºnw - K. Wagner & Debes, Leipzig - aw . H n º # ºn- Twº" TTTTTTT sósfürdő, . - - %anumumw. ºf ſºlisabeth Salzbad) ... " . mTTTTTTTTTummuluſ. Geograph. Anst von BUDAPEST. 55. Route. 337 (4.45) R. Visegrád (Slav. ‘high fortress'), a castle inhabited by kings of Hungary as early as the 11th cent., and greatly em- bellished by Matthew Corvinus, who converted the barren rock into pleasant gardens. It was destroyed by the Turks, and the forti- fications were again dismantled by Emp. Leopold. The old wall of the fortress extends down to the Danube. The castle is now being restored, the lofty Salomonsthurm below being completed. Opposite lies — - - L. Gross-Maros, amidst vineyards. The hills recede. The Danube, turning S., now divides, forming the Andreasinsel, 15 M. long. (5.30) L. Waitzen, Hungar. Vácz (Stern; Curie; pop. 14,500), an episcopal see, with a cathedral erected in 1761–77. The epis- copal palace and garden contain Roman and mediaeval relics. At the upper end of the town are the large prison, with its Gothic church, built in 1857, and a triumphal arch commemorating the entry of Maria. Theresa. - The banks become flatter. In the background rises the Blocksberg (p. 348); then the fortress of Ofen with the royal palace. The river now presents a busy scene, with its mills, rafts, barges, and local steamboats (p. 339). - L. New-Pest, in front of which extends the long quay of the Winter Harbour. - R. Alt-Ofen, the Aquincum of the Romans, with the remains of Roman structures (baths, amphitheatre) and extensive wharves. To the W., on the slope of the Gaisberg, is the pensioners' hospital of Rleinzell, formerly a monastery. - - The boat passes the Margarethen – Insel, with its park (p. 346). A fine'view is then suddenly disclosed of the long city of Pest on the left, with its lofty palatial buildings facing the river, while Ofen rises on the right bank, crowned by the fortress and the palace. In the background the Blocksberg. At sunset this picture is strikingly beautiful. The steamer first touches at Ofen, then passes under the suspension-bridge, and stops on the opposite bank at — (6.45 p.m.) L. Pest. - 55. Budapest and its Environs. Railway Stations. Three: Central Passenger Station of the Hungarian Railways (Központi Pályaudvar; Pl. H, I, 4), at the end of the Kerepeser- Str., for the lines to Vienna (by Bruck), Belgrade, Bosnia, Bucharest, Fiume, Tarnow, and Oderberg. — Austrian ‘Staatsbahn' Station (Pl. E, 2), at the N. end of the Waitzner Ring, 1 M. from the hotels on the Danube, for Vienna (by Marchegg), Temesvár, Orsova, Báziás, and Bucharest. — Southern Station at Ofen (Christinenstadt; Pl. A, 4), for Štúñi. weissemburg and Fünfkirchen. The two last are connected with the Central Station by a branch crossing the Danube below the town (Pl. F, G, 9). — Enquiry and Ticket Office at the Hôtel Hungaria (see below). - Hotels. *GRAND HôTEL HUNGARIA (Pl. a ; D, 5), on the Franz-Josefs- Quay (Ferencz-József-Rakpart), with 300 rooms and a fine view, R. from 1/2 fl., café on the ground-floor; *QUEEN OF ENGLAND (Pl. b : D, 5), at the corner of the Maria-Valéria-Gasse (Mária-Valeria-Utcza) and the Franz- BAEDEKER's S. Germany. 7th Edit. Q2 338 Route 55. - BUDAPEST. Tramways. Deák-Gasse (Deák Ferencz-Utcza), R. from 1/2 fl., L. 50 kr., café on the ground-floor; *ERzHERzog STEPHAN (Pl. d), Franz-Josefs-Platz (Ferencz- József-Tér; Pl. D, 4); *HôTEL NATIONAL (Pl. e5, E, 5), Waitzner-Gasse (Váczi-Utcza); *HôTEL Contin ENTAL (Pl. f.; D, 4), Palatingasse (Nádor- tjtcza); “JAGERHoRN (Pl. g; D, E, 5), Kleine Brückgasse (Kishid-Utcza), good cuisine; HôTEL CENTRAL, Kerepeser-Str., opposite the Central Station, new. — Second-class: HóTEL BUDAPEST, Wienergasse 2; *HôTEL ORIENT (P1. h; F, 5), Kerepeser - Str. (Kerepesi-Ut), opposite the Volkstheater; TIGER (Pl. i.; D, 4,), Palatingasse, good wine; KöNIGIN ELISABETH (P1. k; E, 5), Universitätsgässe (Egyetem-Utcza); STADT LONDON (Pl. 1; E, 2), Waitzen Boulevard (Váczi-Körät), opposite the Austrian ‘Staatsbahn' Station; PAN- NoNIA (Pl. m; F, 5), WEISSEs Ross, both in the Kerepeser-Strasse; KöNIG voN UNGARN (Pl. n; D, 4), Dorotheagasse (Dorottya-Utcza), commercial, R. & A. 11/2, L. 1/4 fl. ; GoLDNER ADLER (Pl. of E, 5), Neue Weltgasse (Ujvilág- Utcza), Hungarian cuisine; STADT PARIS (Pl. p 3 E, 3), Waitzen Boulevard; WEIssBR ScHw AN, Kerepeser-Strasse 1 ; FEHERLO (Weisses Ross), Kere- peser-Strasse 15; HôTEL GARNI Josef SCHWAB, Malergasse (Képiró-Utcza). — At Ofen): SzéchENYI HôTEL (Pl. q ; C, D, 5), below the chain-bridge ; KAISERBAD (p. 348); HEILQUELLE, Hauptgasse (Fó-Utcza) 81; PROPELLER, Széchenyi-Gasse (Széchenyi-Utcza). Restaurants at all the hotels. *Reuter's Café de l'Opéra, Andrássy-Str., opposite the Opera House; *Szikszay, by the National Theatre : Csalanyi, in the Franziskaner-Bazar (Ferencziek Bazára); “Blumenstöckl, Josefsplatz (József-Tér); *Krone, corner of the Waitznergasse and Kronengasse (Korona- Utcza); *Müller's Pilsner Halle, Thonethof; “Zum Grünen Fassl, next door to Hôtel Jägerhorn; Redouiengebäude (Vigadó), Elisabeth-Platz (Erzsébet- Tér); Petänovits, Andrássy-Str. 39; *Leikam, Széchenyi Promenade; Kom- mer, Josefs-Platz 2; *Zur Linde, Elisabeth-Platz 1, moderate; Hopfenstock, corner of Kronen- and Zrinyi-Gasse; Weber, Grosse Ringstrasse. Good wine at Zalics', Gisela-Platz. — . Two of the best Hungarian dishes are “Paprikahuhn", fowl prepared with ‘paprika’, or Hungarian pepper, and ‘Gulyás", meat stewed with paprika. “Kukuruz”, or a boiled head of maize, eaten plain, with salt, is also esteemed. Cafés at most of the hotels. Reuter's, see above; Zur Krone, Waitzner- gasse; Kiosk, Stadt Brüssel, both in the Elisabeth-Promenade; Lloyd, in the Exchange, Franz-Josefs-Quai; Varay, Thonethof ; Remi, in the Redouten- Park (p. 842); Herold, Franziskaner-Bazar, adjoining the University Li- brary; Károly, Josefs-Platz 5; Lindbauer, Budapest, Andrássy-Str. ; Zur Stadt Venedig, Palatingasse; Fiume, Museumsring 9; Garami, Calvin-Platz; Leyrer, Petőfi-Platz, etc. - Confectioners. * Kugler, Gisela-Platz (Gizella-Tér; good ices); Egger, Rönigsgasse; Kehrer, Sebastians-Platz; Bauer, Andrássy-Str. Cabs. One-horse cab (“Comfortable') to or from the Pest railway-stations 80 kr., to or from the steamboat-piers 70 kr. ; per ||4 hr. 25 kr., 1/2 hr. 40 kr., 1 hr. 80 kr., each addit. 1/4 hr. 20 kr. — Two-horse cab (“fiacre’) to or from the steamboat-piers 1 fl., to or from the Pest railway-stations 1 fl. 30 kr.; 1/2 hr. 80 kr., 1 hr. 1 fl., each addit. 1/4 hr. 25 kr. — Between 10 p.m. and 6 a. m., and outside the municipal limits, fare and a half. Luggage 10 kr. — Tunnel-toll 6 or 10 kr. ; bridge-toll (incl. return) 14 or 21 kr. — The drivers often decline employment at these fares. Each vehicle con- tains a tariff and the driver's number. Tramways run through the principal streets (comp. the Plan): 1. From Budapest to Wew-Pest (Uj Pest; white lamp, fares 10, 15, 20 kr.). — 2. From Budapest to Steinbruch (Köbánya; red and white flag, red lamp, fares 10, 15, 20 kr.). — 3. From the Austrian Station to the Stadtwäldchen (Városliget; board and lamp, green; 10 kr.). — 4. From the Ludoviceum to Alt-Ofen (0 Buda; flag blue, red, and yellow, lamp blue; 12, 18 kr.). — 5. From the Stadtwäldchen to the Ullóer Barracks (red and green flag, red and white lamp; 10 kr.). — 6. From the Karlskaserne to Auwinkel (Zúgliget; flag and lamp yellow ; fare 27 kr., to the Zahnradbahn 18 kr.). — 7. From the Slaughter House (Vágó Hid) to the Austrian Station (white and blue flag; 10 kr.). — 8. From the Brückenkopf to Auwinkel (flag and lamp red and white; fare 22 kr., to the Zahnradbahn 10 kr.). – 9. From the Brückenkopf Theatres. BUDAPEST. 55, Route. 339 to Aſt-Ofen (white lamp : 10 kr.). — 10. From the Kerepeser-Str. to the Ste- ſº (green flag). — Zahn)'adbahn to the top of the Schwabenberg, See p. 549. Omnibuses run to the Pest Railway Stations (20 kr.), to the Ofen Stations (30 kr.), to most of the Baths at Ofen (p. 348; 8-12 kr.), to the Stadt- wäldchen (10 kr.), etc. Steamboats. The Vienna steamers land at the Franz - Josefs - Quai, below the suspension-bridge. — Local Steamboats. Small screw-steamers (‘propellers”) ply between Pest and Ofen every 5 min., starting in Pest from the piers at the upper end of the Rudolfs – Quai, the Redoute, the Schwur-Platz, and the Custom House (fare 7 kr. or 5 kr., return 13 or 9 kr.). Larger steamboats ply hourly from Pest (Custom House, Schwur-Platz, Academy) and Ofen (Bruckbad, Bomben-Platz, Kaiserbad) to the Marga- rethen-Insel, Alt-Ofen, and Neu-Pest (10 or 7 kr.). Steamboat from the Academy to the Margarethen-Insel (Margit Sziget) direct every hour (there and back 32, on Sun. and holidays 40 kr.). A notice-board is exhibited at the piers showing the destination of the next steamer. Smoking is pro- hibited on the local steamboats. Post and Telegraph Office (P1, E, 5), Kronprinzgasse (Koromaherczeg- Utcza), with another entrance in the Grenadiergasse (Gránátos-Utcza). Branch post-offices in most of the municipal districts and at the railway stations. – Postage for a letter within the town 3 kr., for Austria, Hungary, and Germany 5 kr., for other countries in the Postal Union 40 kr. 30 Permanent Exhibition of Art in the Künstlerhaus, Andrássy-Utcza (30 kr.). . & e Baths. At Pest: Dianabad, Franz-Josefs-Platz; * Gschwindt, Ullóer- Strasse (Ullói-Ut), opposite the barracks; Eisenbad, Elisabeth-Ring 51. — At Ofen, see p. 348. - Theatres. Wational Theatre (Pl. F, 5), Kerepeser-Str., dramas and comedies; performances daily in Hungarian; boxes 8 or 9 fl., fauteuil in the parterre (stalls) or balcony (dress-circle) 21/2 fl., reserved seat 2 fl. — Royal Opera House (P1, E, 4), Andrássy-Str., performances on Sun., Tues., Thurs., & Sat. ; boxes 10 or 4% fl., stalls 2-3 fl., dress circle 1-41/2 fl., reserved seat in the third row 1/2-1 fl. – Tickets for the opera may be obtained at the box-office, 10-4 and 3-5, and for all the theatres at the Theater-Bureau, Kronprinzgasse. — Volks - Theater (Pl. G., 5), a handsome building in the Kerepeser-Str., daily (popular pieces, operettas). — German. Theatre, Woll- gasse (Gyapju-Utcza; Pl. E., 3), dramas, farces, and operettas; boxes 6-49 fl., stalls 21/2-4 fl., parterre 1 fl. 20 kr.-2 fl. — Arena, summer-theatre in the Stadtwäldchen (German). — At Ofen: Stadt-Theater, in the Festung, three or four times weekly (company of the National Theatre). Open-air theatre: Horváth-Garten (Horváth-Kert; Pł. B, 5), near the W. end of the Tunnel. Popular Resorts and Excursions. The * Margarethen - Insel , in the Danube, above the town (p. 346). — The Stadtwäldchen, see p. 345. — The Orczy Garden (Orczy-Kert; Pl. J, 7), at the end of the Üllőer-Strasse, to the S.E. of the town (tramway, No. 4, see p. 338). — Steinbruch, reached either by railway or tramway (1/4 hr.), with the town reservoirs and large pigge- ries (‘Szállás", pron. Sallash). — Blocksberg (p. 848). — “Schwabenberg (p. 349). — Auwinkel (Zúgliget), tramway in 3/4 hr. (p. 349). — Gödöllö, a royal châ- teau and park (railway in 3/4-11/4 hr., p. 375). — Foth, p. 350. Promenades. Elisabeth-Platz (Erzsébet-Tér; Pl. E, 4), with a café, where a military band plays thrice weekly in summer. — Josefs - Platz. — The Széchenyi Promenade (Pl. D, E, 4), on the S. of the Neugebäude, the Museum Garden, and the Redouien-Park (Vigadó-Tér), on the Franz- Josefs-Quai, with its elegant kiosk, are also favourite resorts. English Consul General: Sir A. Wicolson. — American Consul : J. Black, Esq. - Presbyterian Service (Free Church of Scotland) at 11 a.m., in the Protestant church, Mondgasse. - The towns of Pest, Ofen (Hungar. Buda), Alt-Ofen ( 6 Buda), and Steinbruch (Köbánya) were formally united in 1873 under the name of Budapest, and this city is the capital of Hungary, and the QQ # 340 Route 55. BUDAPEST. National Gallery. seat of the Imperial Diet, of the Hungarian ministry, and of the supreme court of justice (Curia Regia). Pop. 495,000(315,000 Rom. Cath., 45,000 Prot., and 70,000 Jews). Budapest is divided into ten municipal districts: I. Festung, Taban, and Christinenstadt; II. Wasserstadt and Landstrasse; III. Alt-Ofen and Neustift; TV. Inner City; W. Leopoldstadt with the Margarethen-Insel; WI. The- resienstadt; VII, Elisabethstadt; VIII. Josefstadt; IX. Franzstadt; X. Steinbruch. These quarters are most conveniently treated of under the separate heads of Pest, or the quarters on the left bank, and Ofen, or those on the right. - \ a. Pest. Pest, founded by the Romans, and a place of importance early in the middle ages, fell into decay during the Turkish wars in the 16th and 17th cent., and has only regained its former prosperity within the last 150 years. Next to Vienna, it is now the most important place in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, especially on account of its extensive grain-trade. Many handsome buildings have sprung up since the middle of this century, and extensive improvements are approaching completion. The finest part of the town adjoins the Danube, on which extends a succession of new buildings, 2/2 M. in length. - - On the FRANz-Josephs-PLATz (Ferencz-József-Tér; Pl. D, 4), opposite the suspension-bridge, rises the * Academy, a pleasing Renaissance edifice by Stüler(1862–64). The aim of the institution, founded by Count Stefan Széchenyi, and numbering 300 members, is to encourage the study of the Hungarian language and of science. The elegant vestibule, borne by marble columns of different colours, contains a statue of Franz Deák. On the ground-floor, to the left, is the Library (open daily, 40-4). On the staircase are statues of the Hungarian poets Michael Vörösmarty (1800–55; left) and Alexan- der Kisfaludy (1772–1844; right). The ante-room on the first floor contains portraits of eminent deceased members of the Academy. The room in which the Academy meets is adorned with Hungarian landscapes by Ligeti; and the board-room contains portraits and a picture by Alew. Wagner (Flight of Isabella of Transylvania). The lofty Reception Room, used on great public occasions, has a gallery borne by 24 columns of red marble, and a vaulted ceiling . resting on Caryatides. The second and third floors are occupied by the *National Picture Gallery, formerly the Esterházy Gallery, which was purchased by the state in 1865 for 1,300,000 fl. (adm. gratis on Sun., Wed., & Frid., 9–4; at other times on applica- tion to the custodian, at the entrance from the Akademiegasse, on the E. side of the building). The collection consists of about 800 pictures (including 50 Spanish ; 6 Murillos), 50,000 engravings, º drawings. Hungarian catalogue by the Director Karl Puls- ky, 40 kr, . …- - National Gallery. BUDAPEST. 55. Route. 341 Second Floor. I. Roomſ (the furthest to the right). ITALIAN SCHool, 12th-16th cent.: 6. Duccio di Buoninsegna, John Baptist preaching; 8. School of Siena (15th cent.), Triptych ; 9. Lippo Memmi, Madonna; 17. Giov. d’As- ciano, Christ on the Cross; 18. Florentine Sch. (14th cent.), Golgotha; Giotto, 26. Crucifixion, *30. Female head (fresco); Niccolò da Foligno, St. Bernardino of Siena ; 46. Cotignola, Madonna ; *48. Francesco Francia, Ma- donna and Child with John Baptist; *51. Bernardino Luini, Madonna with SS. Elizabeth and John; 52. Sch. of Leon. da Vinci, Madonna; 54. Ma- *iotto Albertinelli, Holy Family; *55. Correggio, Madonna and Child with an angel; *58. B. Luini, Madonna with SS. Catherine and Barbara; *62. Pinturicchio, Madonna; 64. Luca Signorelli, Tiberius Gracchus; 65. Am- brogio Borgognone, Mourning for Christ; 66, 69. Andrea del Sarto, Madon- nas; 68. Ridolfo Ghirlandajo, Adoration of the Shepherds (1510). — II. Room. ITALIAN SCHOOL : Raphael Sanzio, *71. Madonna, 72. Portrait of a Cardinal; 74. Vinc. Catena, Holy Family and a saint; *75. Crivelli, Madonna (1490); 77. Andrea Previtali, Madonna; 80. Sebast. del Piombo, Portrait of a man; 81. Bonifacio, Madonna ; 84. Palma Vecchio, Violante (much injured); 90. Lorenzo Lotto, Portrait of a man; 91. Bern. Licinio da Pordenone, Portrait of a lady: 94. Titian, Portrait of a man; 97. Girolamo dai Libri, Madonna; 98. Cima da Conegliano, Madonna; 101. Gentile Bellini, Portrait of Caterina Cornaro; 103. Cima, St. Catherine of Alexandria; 104. Tintoretto, The adulteress; 105. Paolo Veronese, Neptune doing homage to Venetia; *106. Tintoretto, Christ healing the sick; *108. Giac. Bassano, Portrait of a Car- dinal; 119. Francesco Bassano, Shepherd asleep. – III. Room. GERMAN AND NETHERLAND’s SCHOOLs, 15th and 16th cent.: 123. Meister Stefan Loch- her, The Virgin; 124. Memling, Crucifixion; 127, Quentin Maisys, Lucretia; Lucas Cranach, 133. Marriage of St. Catherine, 138. Sorrows of the Virgin; *142. Alb. Diirer, Portrait of a young man; 148. B. Strigel, Portrait; 150. Rogier van der Weyden, Descent from the Cross; 152-154. Altar-pieces by H. Schülein and Barth. Zeitblom. — IV. Roomſ. ITALIAN SCHOOL : 150. After Raphael, Madonna; Bronzino, 161. Adoration of the Shepherds, 163. Venus, Cupid, and Jealousy, 164. Holy Family; 165. Garofalo, Christ and the adulteress; 170. Parmeggianino, Holy Family with St. Francis ; 171. Giulio Romano, Diana and Endymion; 175. Dosso Dossi, Holy Family with SS. Catherine, Joseph, and two angels. – V. Room. HUNGARIAN PICTUREs, 15th and 16th cent.: 185, A. Large altar-piece from Kaschau. — VI. Room. NETHERLANDERs: Landscapes by Wynants, A. van der Weer, etc. — VII. Roomſ. NETHERLANDERs (of Amsterdam): 210. A. van Everdingen, Temple on a river-bank; 211. Govert Flinck, Abraham rejecting Hagar; 215. Hondecoeter, Waterfowl; 226. F. Bol, Portrait of a man; 228. G. van den Eeckhout, Po- mona and Vertumnus ; 229. Sch. of Rembrandt, Christ before Pilate; still- life and animal pieces by Weenia: ; Rembrandt, 235. Old man (1642), *236. Repose on the Flight to Egypt; 241. A. van Everdingen, Mill; 242. Hon- decoeter, Peacock and cock fighting. — VIII. ROOM. NETHERLANDERS (of the Hague and Haarlem): 244. C. Wetscher, Portrait of a lady; A. van Beyeren, 252, 257. Landscapes, *255. Large still-life piece; 260, 268. S. van Ruysdael, Landscapes; 263. Jac. van Ruysdael, Pond in a wood; *265. Frans Hals, junr., Still-life; 266. Berchem, The ford. — IX. Room. NETHER- LANDERS (of Haarlem): 277. Frans Hals, Portrait of a man; 279. J. van Ruysdael, Waterfall; 281. A. van Ostade, Cottage interior; 282. Is. van Ostade, Peasants carousing: 283. C. Dusart, Tavern; genre pieces by A. van Ostade, Ph. Wouwerman, J. M. Molenaer; landscapes by Berchem, etc. — X. Room. NETHERLANDERS (of Delft and Leyden): Landscapes by S. de Vlieger; 325, M. Mierevelt, Prince Maurice of Orange; *327. Jan Steen, A party; 340. G. Dou, Hermit; 343. Leermans, St. Joseph and the Child. — XI. Room. NETHERLANDERs (16th cent.): 346, 348. Honthorst, Cimon and Pera. — XII. Roomſ. ScHools OF UTRECHT AND ROTTERDAM. — XIII. Room. ScHools of DoRDRECHT, DEVENTER, GoRKUM, etc.: 396. A. van der Werff, Susanna in the Bath; *398. Albert Cuyp, Dutch Family; 104. Terborch, Soldiers at a tavern; A. Cuyp, *408. Cattle by the water, 410. Sunset; 413. A. van der Werff, Entombment. — XIV. Room. GER- MANS, etc. (18th cent.): Denner, 420. Portrait of himself, 434. Count Zinzen- dorf; 438. Füger, Bathsheba ; 444. Angelika Kaufmann, Portrait of herself; 342 Route 55. BUDAPEST. Redoute Buildings. 458. Reynolds, Admiral Hughes; 470. R. Mengs, Holy Family. — Third Floor. XV. Room. ITALIANs (16th and 17th cent.): 475. Sassoferrato, Ma- donna; 479. Cigoli, Madonna; 480, 481. Marinari, Judith, Herodias; 483. Carlo Dolci, Madonna; 485. Guercino, Head of Christ; 491. Pontormo, Holy Family; 497, 499. Domenichino, St. Jerome, David; 500. Trevisani, Lucretia; 501. Fr. Mola, Madonna; 508. Gius. Cesari, Diana and Actaeon; 511. Fr. Albani, Faun and nymph. — XVI. Roomſ. NEAPOLITANS: Ribera (Spagno- letto), 523. Martyrdom of St. Andrew, 526. St. Sebastian, 527. St. Paul the Hermit ; Luca Giordano, 524. Hercules and Nessus, 528. Flight into Egypt; 529. Salv. Rosa, Waterfall; battle-pieces by Borgognone, etc. — XVII. Roomſ. FLEMINGs : 544. Francken, Esther and Ahasuerus; 552. Brueghel and Rotten- hammer, Diana and Actaeon; 554. Ryckaert, Adoration of the Shepherds; 565. Teniers, junr., Barber's shop; 566. A. Brouwer, Smokers; 567, 568. Ruthart, Stag-hunt, Boar-hunt; *573. Gonzales Coques, Musical party; 583. Hamilton, Riding-school; 586. E. Quellinus, Autumn. — XVIII. Room. ITALIANs (17th cent.); 605. Padovanino, Venus; 617. Seb. Ricci, Adoration of the Shepherds; Landscapes by Canaletto, Guardi, etc. — XIX. Roomſ. FRENCH AND ITALIAN MASTERs (18th cent.); Rigaud, 670. Card. Fleury, 675. Eliz. Charlotte of the Palatinate, Duchess of Orleans; 674. C. J. Ver- net, Landscape; 679. Greuze, Young girl; 681. Blanchart, St. Jerome. — XX. Room. FRENCH (16th and 18th cent.); 691. S. Bourdon, Bacchus and Ceres; 708. Claude Lorrain, The Roman Campagna. – XXI. Room. FLEM- INGs (17th and 18th cent.): 712. Rubens, Fall of the damned: 714. A. van Dyck, The Trinity; 720. Rubens, Archduke Ferdinand ; 726. Hamilton, Still- life; 733. Ryckari, Alchemist; 742, 743. C. de Vos, Portraits; Rubens, 749. Mucius Scaevola, 752. Meleager and Atalante; 751. Snyders, Chicken and hawk; 754. A. van Dyck, Man and wife (an early masterpiece, under the influence of Rubens). — XXII. Roomſ. SPANISH SCHOOL : 764. Juanes, The Saviour; 772. Alonso Cano, St. John in Patmos; 774. Moya, Portrait of himself; Murillo, 775. Flight into Egypt, 777. Christ distributing bread, *779. Holy Family, 780. Madonna, 701. Portrait of a man. 787. A. Cano, Christ appearing to Mary Magdalene ; 798. Murillo, St. Joseph and the Child; § Zurbaran, Immaculate Conception ; 801. Coello, Holy Family. In front of the Academy rises a bronze Statue of Count Stefan Széchenyi (d. 1860), by Engel, on a pedestal adorned with allegorical figures. On the E. side of the Franz-Josefs-Platz are the Erzherzog Stephan Hotel, the Prince of Cobwrg's Palace, and the Dianabad (p. 339). On the S. side is the Chamber of Commerce, with an Ionic portico, in front of which rises a statue of Franz Deák (d. 1876), by Huszár. In the centre of the square is to be placed an equestrian statue of King Francis Joseph. In the Eötvös–Platz, to the S., is a Statue of Joseph v. Eötvös (d. 1871), by Huszár, - The *FRANz-JosEFs-QUAI (Ferencz-József Rakpart; Pl. D, E, 4, 5, 6), leaving the Franz-Josefs-Platz to the S., skirts the Danube to the Custom House. This superb street, to which carriages are not admitted, contains the most fashionable cafés, and is the fa- woulite promenade in Pest. On fine summer-evenings it is thronged with a gay crowd (chair 3 kr.). This Quai leads past the new Ea:- change to the Redouten-Park (café, see p. 388), on the E. side of which rise the large Redoute Buildings (Vigadó; Pl. D, 5), erected in 1859–65 in the Romanesque-Moorish style, containing ball, con- cert, and other rooms, luxuriously fitted up. The staircase is adorned with frescoes of Hungarian legends by Than and Lotz. The ‘Cre- denzsaal' is embellished with two large mural paintings: Wagner, Tournament of King Matthew ; Than, Banquet of Attila. National Museum. - BUDAPEST. 55. Route. 343 Farther along the Quai is the imposing building of the Hungarian Insurance Company, adjoined by the Grand Hôtel Hungaria (p. 387). The street then skirts the shady Petőfi-Platz (Petőfi Tér; Pl. D, E, 5), in which rises a bronze statue of the Hungarian poet Alexander Petőfi (1822–49), by Izsó and Huszár. On the farther side of the Platz is the small Greek Church, fitted up in the manner peculiar to the Greek ritual. The choir is separated from the nave by an Ikonostasis, or screen with paintings of Greek saints. (Divine service at 3 p.m.) A few paces farther on, in the Schwur-Platz (Eski-Tér), is the Stadt-Pfarrkirche (Pl. E,5), or Parish Church, the oldest in Pest, built in the Gothic style in 1500, with rococo façade added in 1726. At the back of it, in the Rath- haus-Platz (Városhāz-Tér), is the Alte Rathhaus, built in 1844, with a peculiar tower. In the Leopoldsgasse (Lipót-Utcza), farther S., is the Neue Rathhaus (Pl. E, 6), built by Steindl in the early- Renaissance style, with a handsome staircase and a large hall inlaid with marble (allegorical frescoes by Lotz). The last of the new buildings on the Danube are the Custom House (Fóvámház; Pl. E, F, 6), connected by a line of rails with the Pest and Ofen Junction Railway, which crosses the Danube lower down (p. 346), and the huge ‘Elevator' (Pl. F, 7), or corn- magazine. To the N.E. of this point, in the Soroksárergasse and the Bakács-Platz (PI. F, G, 7), is the new Franzstadt-Church, a Romanesque edifice erected by Ybl in 1867–79, with frescoes by Than and Lotz. — Outside the town, in the continuation of the Soroksárer-Gasse (tramway, see p. 388), stands the vast *Slaughter House (Vägóhid; Pl. H, 9), erected by Hennicke in 1870-72, with two colossal groups of bulls at the entrance by R. Begas. The Zollamts-Ring (Vámház Köråt) leads E. from the Custom House to the CALVIN-PLATz (Calvin-Tér; Pl. F, 6), with its fine monumental Fountain. On the S. side is the plain Reformed Church. . From this Platz runs to the S.E. the broad Üllőer Strasse (Ullói- Ut, Pl, F-J, 6, 7), to the right of which, in the Köztelek-Str. (No. 12), are the Agricultural and Educational Museums (open Sun., Mon., and Thurs, 10–12 and 2–4; the former particularly valuable; Director Hr. Franz Girókuti). Opposite, in the Herbst- gasse, are the substantial new Cliniques. Farther on in the Ullói-Ut, on the left, are the Josephinum Orphanage (Pl. H, 7), the excellent Stefanie Hospital for Children, the Botanic Garden (PI, H, J, 7; open daily 9–12 and 2–7), and the Ludoviceum (P1, J, 7), built in 1837, and now an academy for officers of the Honvéds, or Hungarian militia. Behind the Ludoviceum is the Orczy Garden (p. 339). At the end of the Ullói-Ut, on the right, is the large Infirmary (Ujavá- rosi Kórház; Pl. J., 8), in sixteen detached sections, containing 720 beds. * To the N.E. of the Calvin-Platz, in the MUSEUMs-RING, rises the “National Museum (Pl. F, 5), with its Corinthian portico, which 344 Route 55. BUDAPEST. Synagogue. contains the chief scientific collections in Pest. (Entrance at the side, to the left.) Admission gratis, 9–1, to the Hungarian Anti- quities on Tues. and Frid., to the Natural History and Ethnographi- cal Collections on Mon. and Thurs., and to the Picture Gallery on Wed. and Sat. and every third Sun. ; on other days by payment of a fee of 50 kr.) ANTIQUITIES. 1st Room. Coins, stone and bronze-articles. – 2nd R. Articles in iron of the time of the “Völkerwanderung", or great migrati- ons of the Germanic nations. – 3rd R. Roman antiquities. – 4th R. Weapons: halberds of Transylvanian princes; sabres of historical per- sonages, e. g. Stephen and Gabriel Bathori (Princes of Transylvania), Peter the Great, John Hunyadi (father of Matthew Corvinus); a curious sword dating from the Crusades, Turkish weapons and saddles, two saddles of Emp. Sigismund with admirable reliefs in bone. — 5th R. Mediaeval trinkets, goblets in gold and silver, dishes with reliefs; knives, forks, and spoons of Frederick the Great, captured at the battle of Kolin. — 6th R. Seals, furniture, clocks, etc. — 7th R. Articles in pottery, earthenware, glass, and metal. — 8th R. Casts. - The NATURAL HISTORY AND ETHNOGRAPHICAL COLLECTION consists chiefly of objects collected in E. Asia, India, and America by Johannes Xantus (about 3000; catalogue 20 kr.). The PICTURE GALLERY, comprising about 400 works (catalogue 20 kr.), is interesting, though not of the highest order. Modern Hungarian artists (Benczur, Barabás, Brodszki, Dósa, Ligeti, Lotz, Madarász, Székely, Than, Zichy, etc.) are particularly well represented. Room II: Piloty, Nero among the Smouldering ruins of Rome; Room III: Landscapes by Markó; Room IV: Munkacsy, Recruiting and Rainy Landscape; Room V: Bürkel, Smithy; Schleich, Landscape with cows; O. Achenbach, Italian landscape; Voltz, Cows on the sea-shore. - The garden of the Museum contains bronze busts of Berzsényi, Kisfaludy, Kazinczy, and other Hungarian poets. In the adjoining ‘Magnates' Quarter' are the handsome mansion of Count Károlyi, in the French Renaissance style, sumptuous in the interior, and the houses of other Hungarian magnates (Esterházy, Festetics, etc.). In the Sándorgasse, opposite the Museum, is the Parliament House (Képwiselóhácz; Pl. F, 5; cards of admission to the meetings obtainable on the previous day, at 4 o’clock, at the office in the building), or Hall of the Hungarian Diet, erected by Ybl in 1866. Near it are the new Polytechnic School (Museums-Ring 4), the Phy- siological Institute, in the Esterházygasse, and the Veterinary In- stitute, in the Rottenbillergasse, all admirably fitted up and inter- esting to specialists. – In the KERBPESER-STRASSE (Pl. F: H, 5, 4) is the National Theatre (p. 339), plain externally, but well fitted up. Adjacent, in the old Beleznay Garden, is the Technological Eachibition (daily, except Sat., 9–1 and 3-5; unimportant). In the same street, farther up, is the Hungarian Volks-Theater (p. 339), built by Fellner. A little to the S.E. (reached by tramway) is the extensive Cemetery (Köztemetó; Pl. J, K, 4, 5), containing the monuments' of Count Louis Batthyány, Franz Deák, etc. — At the end of the street is the large Central Station of the Hungarian state- railways (P1, H, J, 4; p. 387). w - We return to the Ringstrasse. In the Tabaks-Gasse (Dohány- Utcza), near the Karlsring (Károly – Körät), is the *Synagogue Opera-House. BUDAPEST. 55. Route. 345 (Pl. F, 5), a modern Moorish building in brick, by Förster. Near it, in the Rombach-Utcza, is the Orthodoa. Synagogue (P1, E, F, 4), in the Moorish-Byzantine style, built by Wagner and Kallina in 1872. Farther on in the Karlsring is the large Karls-Kaserne (Karály- Lakótanya; Pl. E, 5), the old Pensioners’ Hospital, erected by Emp. Charles VI. , with its chief façade towards the Grenadiergasse (Gránátos-Utcza), in the Renaissance style, by Martinelli. Opposite stands the imposing Post and Telegraph Office (p. 389), with a rich Renaissance facade, by Skalnitzky and Koch. We may now cross the Serviten-Platz (Szervita-Tér) and the Deák-Platz to the Elisabeth-Platz (Erzsébet-Tér; Pl. E, 4), with its pretty pleasure-grounds and its Kiosque, decorated with frescoes by Than and Lotz. In the neighbouring Josefs–Platz (PI. D, 4) rises a bronze Statue of Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary from 1796 to 1847, erected in 1868 from a design by Halbig. — The Palatingasse (Nádor–Utcza) leads hence to the N. to the Széchenyi Promenade (Pl. D, E, 4) and the Neugebäude (Uj Epilet; Pl. D, E, 3), huge barracks built by Joseph II. in 1786, soon to be removed to make way for improvements. On the WAITZEN Boul. Eva RD (Váczi-Köråt; Pl. E, 2-4) rises the Leopoldstadt Church (P1, E, 4), a Romanesque edifice, begun in 1851 by Hild, continued by Ybl, but not yet completed. — To the E., straight to the Stadtwäldchen, runs the *ANDRAssy- (or RADIAL-) STRASSE (Pl. E-H, 4–2), 11/2 M. long, and flanked with handsome edifices resembling those in the Ring-Strasse at Vienna. On the left side of this street rises the superb new *Opera-House (Pl. E, 4), built in 1870–74 in the Italian Renaissance style by Ybl, and on the right are the Offices of the Hungarian State Railway. At the octagon, where it intersects the unfinished outer Ring-Strasse, the Andrássy-Strasse attains a width of 450 ft. Farther on, to the right, are the Academy of Music (Zenealºad&mia), the *Künstlerhaus (Mücsarnok), in the Italian Renaissance style by Lang (contain- ing a permanent Exhibition; adm. 30 kr.), and the National Draw- ing School with a tasteful façade by Rauscher, ornamented with sgraffiti. The street now expands into the Rondeau (P1. G, 2), sur- rounded with Villas; to the right is the Arena, or summer-theatre (p. 339). The last part of the street is flanked with villas and gardens. At the end is an Artesian Well (3182 ft. deep; yielding 264,000 gals. of water daily). The *Stadtwäldchen (Városliget; Pl. H, J, 1, 2; omnibus, see p. 339) is a favourite resort on Sunday afternoons. During the bombardment of 1849 nearly the whole population of the city took refuge here. The large pond (Nagy Tó) is used for boating in summer and skating in winter; on the bank is the pavilion of the Skating Club. The two islands are called the Széchenyi- or Draht- Insel (Széchenyisziget; café) and the Palatinal-Insel (formerly Pfauen-Insel, Nádorsziget; restaurant; frequent concerts). The 346 Route 55. BUDAPEST. Margarethen-Insel. Exhibiton of 1885 has left behind it the large Industrial Hall (con- taining the Commercial Museum, which is always open), the King's Pavilion, and the Art Pavilion. The Zoological Garden, prettily laid out, also deserves a visit (adm. 30 kr.; restaurant). . The Hungarian diets from the 10th to the 14th cent. were held in the open air in the Rákosfeld, an extensive plain to the E. of the town, where 100,000 men are said frequently to have assembled on these occasions. The four Fairs annually held at Pest formerly supplied one-half of Hungary with the necessaries of life, in return for wool, raw hides, honey, wax, Sliwowitz (plums-brandy), &c., but their importance is declining. In the Danube, at the upper end of the town, is the *Marga- rethen-Insel (Margit–Sziget; Pl. D, 1), the property of Archduke Joseph, who has converted it, at an outlay of several million florins, into a most delightful park. (It is now proposed to fill up the arm of the river which separates the Margarethen-Insel from the Kleine Ofener Insel, and to prolong the united islands to the Margarethen- Brücke.) The steamboats call both at the upper and the lower end of the island. Near the lower landing-place is a *Restaurant, where a military band plays on several evenings weekly in summer. A tramway runs hence in 10 min. (fare 10 kr.) along the W. side of the island, chiefly through trees (with glimpses of Ofen to the left), to the artesian well at the upper end, opposite Alt-Ofen (p. 386). This well yields warm sulphureous water (110°Fahr.), used both for drinking and bathing, and an elegant Bath House, by Ybl, has been erected here. Near it are two hotels, a number of villas for the reception of patients, and a favourite restaurant (gipsy-music daily in summer). b. Ofen is connected with Pest by means of an imposing *Suspension Bridge (Lánczhid; Pl. C, D, 4), constructed by the English engineers Tiernay and Adam Clark in 1842-49. The chains rest on two pillars, 150 ft. high. Total length 418 yds., breadth 39 ft., height above the mean level of the water 42 ft. — Toll for foot-passengers, from Pest to Ofen only, 2 kr.; for carriages, see p. 388. The iron Margarethen-Brücke (Margithid; Pl. C, D, 1, 2) at the upper end of the town, just below the Margarethen-Insel, was constructed in 1872–76 by a French company, and is in the form of an obtuse angle pointing up-stream. On each side are three openings. The roadway is 36 ft., each of the footways 10 ft. wide; elevation above the mean level of the river 60 ft. The buttresses are adorned with four colossal stone lions. – The new iron Rail- way Junction Bridge (Pl. F, G, 9), below the Custom House, borne by piers 33 ft. high, spans the river in four arches, and has a footway for the use of the public on each side. The Tunnel (590 ft. long) which pierces the castle-hill op- posite the suspension-bridge, constructed by Adam Clark (1853– 56), connects the Christinenstadt and the S. Railway Station with the river (toll 2 kr.; cabs, see p. 338). Royal Palace. BUDAPEST. 55. Route. 347 Ofen was once a Roman colony (Aquincum, p. 336), the capital of Lower Pannonia, and headquarters of the only Roman legion (Prima Adjutrix) in that province. Numerous antiquities of that period have been found here. In 1247 King Bela IV. erected the royal palace, which from 1351 down to the first conquest of Pest by the Turks after the Battle of Mohács in 1526 was the residence of the kings of Hungary. Sultan Soliman cap- tured Ofen in 1541, garrisoned it with 12,000 janizaries, and made it the seat of a vizier. It remained for nearly º years in the hands of the Turks, who were at length expelled by the allied Germans under Charles of Lorraine and Lewis of Baden in 1686. The majority of the population is German. The Fortress, with the handsome royal château, crowns the summit of a hill, on and around which the town is built. To the left of the entrance to the tunnel is the station of the Wire-Rope Railway. Car every 5 min., ascending in 1 min. to the terminus near the Hentzi Monument in the Georgsplatz (Szt. György-Tér; P1. C, 5; fine view; fare, there and back, 1st cl. 8, 2nd cl. 6 kr.). The most frequented carriage-road to the fortressis the Albrechts- Strasse, which ascends to the right from the bridge in windings, and leads past the small Protestant Church to the Georgs-Platz. (A longer road leading down the Danube to the left from the bridge, and round the castle – hill, enters the fortress by the Burgthor on the S. side.) The Hentzi Monument, to the memory of the general of that name and 418 soldiers who fell while defending the fortress against the Hungarians in 1849, is a Gothic column in bronze, 66 ft. in height, rising over a group of the dying hero crowned by victory. The Hungarians destroyed the fortress on its surrender, but it has since been reconstructed with greater strength. — On the S. side of the Georgs-Platz, to the left, is the Arsenal; to the right are the Hon- ved-Ministérium and the Palace of the Minister President. The Royal Palace (Király Palota; Pl. C, 5; shown, in absence of the court, on application to the castellan), erected by Maria Theresa, and partly burned down in 1849, has been restored in a more imposing style. The opening of the Hungarian Diet takes place in the throne-room. The Hungarian regalia (crown of St. Stephen, Sceptre, orb, sword, coronation-robes, &c.) are kept in a room in the left Wing. The palace-garden, commanding a beau- tiful view of Pest, extends down to the river. At the foot of it is the handsome Palace Bazaar, facing the quay on the Danube, with its pleasure-grounds (café; fine view). From the Georgs-Platz we go to the N., past the Protestant Church (see above) and across the Parade-Platz (Disz-Tér), to the Haupt-Platz or Dreifaltigkeits-Platz (Szt. Háromsāg-Tér; Pl. B, 4). Here, on the left, is the Town Hall of Ofen; on the right rises the Hauptpfarr- or Matthias-Kirche, an interesting edifice, said to have been built by King Bela IV. Its original style was Roman- esque, but it was almost entirely rebuilt in the 14th and 15th cent., and a lofty tower was added (15th cent.) bearing the coat-of-arms of King Matthew Corvinus. It was used as a mosque during the Turkish domination, and was afterwards restored in the style pe- 348 Route 55. BUDAPEST. Kaiserbad, culiar to the Jesuits. King Francis Joseph and Queen Elizabeth were crowned in this church in 1867. It is now being restored from plans by Schulek. Below the church, towards the Danube, are the Gymnasium, a fine Renaissance building, and the Realschule, in the Gothic style. Farther N., in the Ferdinands-Platz (Nándor- Tér; Pl. B, 3), rises the Garrison Church, a Gothic building of the 13th cent., afterwards disfigured, especially during the Turkish period. . We now return to the palace by the W. Bastei Promenade, which commands the Christinenstadt (in which we observe the South Station, adjoined by the conspicuous Garrison Hospital, and, more to the left, the Christinenstadt Church with its new tower), the Raitzenstadt, and the Ofen Hills. From the Burgthor we descend to the Raitzenstadt (Ráczváros), lying between the castle- hill and the Blocksberg, and so called from its Rascian or Servian inhabitants, most of whom are vineyard-owners. Greek service in the church here on Sundays. - At the foot of the Blocksberg rise three powerful chalybeate and sulphureous hot springs (108-443° Fahr.), which are used for baths at the Bruckbad (Rudas-Fürdő, PI. D., 6). Near this, in the Rait- Zenstadt, on the hill-side, lies the *Raitzenbad (Rácz-Fürdő), and further down the Danube is the Blocksbad (Sáros-Fürdő; Pl. E. 7). The former, used for bathing as early as the reign of Matthew Corvinus, was restored and well fitted up in 1860 (plunge and other baths; vapour-baths for ladies 1 fl., gentlemen 60 kr.). In the meadows at the S. base of the Blocksberg rise the famous Hunyadi-Janos, Franz-Josef, and other mineral springs. The most frequented of the Ofen sulphur-baths is the *Kaiser- bad (Czászár-Fürdő, N. of Pl. C, 1), near the Margarethen-Brücke (p. 346), adjoining an old Turkish fortification on the side next the river (with four round towers, now the Kaisermühle). The tempera- ture of the eleven springs varies from 80° to 150°Fahr. Large swimming-basins for gentlemen and ladies. The café, colonnades, and gardens, where a band always plays, are a very favourite resort (reached by steamboat, p. 389, or tramway). Adjacent is the St. Lukasbad, also well fitted up. - On a hill, 8 min, walk from the Kaiserbad, amidst vineyards, is the Turkish Chapel, partly surrounded by a paling, a small octagonal mosque, 25 ft. high, erected over the grave of the Shēkh Gül-Baba (‘father of roses"), a Turkish “santon’ or monk. Above the dome, roofed with shingles, rises a turret, adorned with the distinctive half-moon. The obligation to pre- serve this monument forms a special article in the Peace of Karlowitz, concluded between the Emperor and the Porte in 1699. ‘. - A broad carriage-road (which a commissionnaire may be asked to point out) ascends from the Raitzenstadt through vineyards to the (1/2 hr.) Blocksberg (St. Gerhardsberg, Hung. Szt. Gellérthegy; 820 ft.; Pl. C, D, 6, 7). At the top is the Citadel (Fellegvár; Pl. D; b; no adm.), unimportant as a fortification, from the outside of which we obtain a beautiful *View of both the towns (best light in the afternoon). A footpath descends to the Danube. - BUDAPEST., 55. Route. 349 A more extensive survey is obtained from the *Schwabenberg (Istenhegy; 1463 ft.), to the W. of Ofen, so called from the Swabian troops encamped here at the time of the expulsion of the Turks in 1685. Its villas and restaurants are favourite resorts in Summer. Tramway from the Karlskaserne (18 kr.) or from the suspension- bridge (10 kr.) to the station of the Zahnradbahn (“rack-and-pinion railway'), which ascends to the top of the Schwabenberg in 20 min. (hours vary; enquire at the hotel or of the tramway officials; there and back 50, Sun. 60 kr.). This is a charming drive, past vineyards, and latterly through oak-plantations, with views of Pest and Ofen of increasing beauty. At the top, 3 min. from the station, is the Villa Eötvös (now a *Restaurant), the balcony of which is the finest point of *View : at our feet lie the two towns with their sea of houses, above which the Blocksberg and the castle-hill seem scarcely to rise; to the right we see far down the Danube; to the S.E. stretches the vast plain ; on the left are the Margarethen- Insel, Neu-Pest, and the Danube up to Waitzen; nearer rises the Johannisberg; below in the valley is the National Lunatic Asylum : the background to the N. and N.E. is formed by the Carpathians. — Beyond the Zahnradbahn station lies the Auwinkel (Zúgliget; tramway, see p. 388), a pleasant dale on the slope of the Schwaben- berg, with villas and hotels, much frequented in Summer. The Wharves of the Danube Steamboat Co. at Alt-Ofen (p. 337) may also be visited. Permission obtained at the building to the left of the entrance (tramway and steamboat from Pest and Ofen). — The vineyards of Ofen yield excellent wine, of which Adlersberger is the most esteemed. 56. From Vienna to Budapest wiá Pressburg. 178 M. RAILWAY in 5-9 hrs. (two express trains daily, with restaurants). Fares 8 fl., 6 fl. 30, 4 fl.; express 9 fl. 60, 7 fl. 80 kr. — Corresponding with the trains on this line (Austrian-Hungarian ‘Staatsbahn') are others on the Kaiser-Ferdinands Nordbahn, from the Wordbahnhof, vià Gänsern- dorf, to Marchegg (see below). Budapest time is 18 min. in advance of Vienna, time. The train starts from the Staatsbahnhof (p. 185), passes the large Arsenal (p. 280) on the left, and then the Simmering Rail- way Workshops, crosses the Aspang Railway (p. 264) and the Danube Canal, intersects the Prater, and crosses the Danube and the old bed of the river by a handsome iron bridge (420 yds. long, or with the ‘inundation bridge' 860 yds.). 61/2 M. Stadlau, junc- tion of the Brünn and Prague line (p. 328). The train turns to the right and traverses the Marchfeld. 13 M. Raasdorf; 19 M. Siebenbrunn; 24 M. Schönfeld - Lassee; 29 M. Marchegg (Rail. Rest.), junction of the “Nordbahn’ from Vienna via Floridsdorf and Gänserndorf. To the right is the imperial château of Hof. We cross the March, the boundary between Austria and Hungary. 324/2 M. Newdorf, Hung. Uſfalu, at the N. base of the Thebener 350 Route 56. NEUHAUSEL. Kogel (p. 335). 371/2 M. Blumenau, Hung. Lamacs, where the last action in the campaign of 1866 was fought. The line now pene- trates a spur of the Little Carpathians by a tunnel, and enters the station of (401/2 M.) Pressburg (p. 384; Rail. Rest.). Beyond Pressburg the line runs at a considerable height on the vine-clad hills. 48 M. Weinern, Hung. Szöllös; 51 M. Lanschütz, Hung. Cseklósz, with a château and park of Prince Esterházy. The blue outlines of the Little Carpathians become more prominent; on their S.E. is Schloss Bibersburg (p. 383), 56 M. Wartberg, Hung. Szempex, in a fertile hilly district; 64 M. Födémes; 661/2 M. Diószeg, with a large sugar-factory; 71 M. Galántha, with the ancestral château of the Esterházys (.junction for Tyrnau and Sillein, p. 383). Beyond (771/2 M.) Waag-Sellye, Hung. Vág-Selly, the line crosses the Waag. 801/2 M. Tornøex; 901/2 M. Töt Megyer (Rail. Rest.), a village with the ancestral castle of Count Károlyi and large kit- chen-gardens. To NEUTRA AND NAGY-BéLICz (521/2 M.; rail in 4-5/2 hrs.). 20/2 M. Neutra (Nyitra; pop. 8860), seat of a bishop, with an old cathedral, lies at the foot of the vine-clad hills of Neutra. On a rock, within the ruined fortress, is the bishop's residence. 421/2 M. Wagy-Tapolcsány, chiefly in- habited by Slavs. 52/2 M. Wagy-Bálica (pop. 1800), with warm sulphur- SpringS. . - p 97 M. Neuhäusel, Hung. Ersek Ujvár (Rail. Rest.; pop. 11,300), on the Neutra, formerly a fortress. 1001/2 M. Udvard, a large village with a pretty Gothic church. 105 M. Perbete, with a model-farm of the chapter of Gran. Fine scenery as we near the Danube, which flows from Gran to Waitzen through a picturesque valley between the spurs of the Mátra, on the left, and the Bakonyer Wald on the right. 1151/2 M. Köbölkut, with extensive vineyards, 124 M. Gran-Nāna, Hung, Esztergom Nána (Rail. Rest.), station for (3 M.) Gran (p. 336; carr. and pair 11/2 fl., there and back 2 fl.). To IPolyság (33 M. ; rail in 3-4 hrs.). The line follows the valley of the Eipel. Unimportant stations. 121/2 M. Csata (junction for Léva, 20/2 M.). 33 M. Ipolyság, a district town with 3300 inhab., pleasantly situated. Beyond Gran-Nāna we cross the Gran, Hung. Garam, which forms a number of islands at its mouth, and then skirt the Danube. 1281/2 M. Garam-Kövesd is also a station for Gran (express trains do not stop here; steam-launch meets each train, 30 or 24 kr.). At (133 M.) Szob the Eipel, Hung. Ipoly, is' crossed; near it is the ruined fortress of Drégely, with a chapel. 187 M. Zebegény. Op- posite (1401/2 M.) Gross-(Hung. Nagy-) Maros the Visegrád (p. 337) comes prominently into view. - 152 M. Waitzen, Hung. Vácz (p. 337), an important-looking place. The line traverses a flat and fertile tract. 159 M. Gód, with the adjacent villages, belongs to Count Károlyi; 163 M. Dunakes; ; opposite, on the hills to the right, Szt. Endre. 168M. Palota, with a shady park and a restaurant, frequently visited from Budapest. To the N.E., 3 M., lies F6th, an estate of Count Károlyi, with a large park, and a fine Romanesque church built by Ybl in 1845-56; interior with frescoes by Blaas and marble-work by Tenerani. R.A.A.B. 57. Route 351 Passing Neu-Pest (p. 337) on the right, and the Stadtwäldchen (p. 345) on the left, we enter the ‘Staatsbahnhof' of (473 M.) Budapest (p. 387). 57. From Vienna to Budapest by Bruck and Neu-Szöny. 163 M. RAILWAY in 51/2-81/2 hrs. ; fares 8 fl. , 6 fl. 30, 4 fl. (express 9 ſl. 60, 7 fl. 80 kr.). The train starts from the Staatsbahnhof (p. 185). To the left the Arsenal; to the right the Laaerberg. Beyond (2 M.) Simmering the Central Cemetery lies on the left. 5 M. Schwechat-Klederling, with Dreher's extensive brewery; to the right the Schneeberg in the distance. 6 M. Lanxendorf– Pellendorf. The train crosses the Schwechat. Stations Himberg, Guttenhof- Velm, and (121/2 M.) Grammat-Neusiedl, junction for Pottendorf, Ebenfurt, and Wiener- Neustadt (p. 263). To the left, on the Fischa, lies Ebergassing, with a château and park of Count Schloising. 17 M. Götzendorf; to the right the Leitha Mts. The line approaches the Leitha. 19 M. Traut- mannsdorf; 23 M. Wilfleinsdorf. 26 M. Bruck an der Leitha (Grüner Baum; Rail. Rest.; pop. 4520), with a fine château and park of Count Harrach. Near it is the interesting Camp of Bruck. The Leitha is here the boundary between Austria and Hungary, dividing the empire into Cisleithania and Transleithania. - In the distance to the right, near (30 M.) Parndorf, Hung. Pán- dorf, is the Neusiedler See (p. 357). 39 M. Zurndorf, Hung. Zu- rány (with Pressburg far to the left; p. 334); 421/2 M. Nickelsdorf, Hung. Miklósfalva; 46 M. Strass-Somerein, Hung. Hegyeshalom ; 50 M. Kaltenstein, Hung. Levél; 524/2 M. Wieselburg, Hung. Mo- sony, on an arm of the Danube (beyond which lies the Kleine Schütt, an island 31 M. long; p. 336). At the confluence of the Leitha and the Danube, 18/4 M. to the N., lies Ungarisch-Altenburg, Hung. Magyar Ovár, with an agricultural School and a model-farm of Archduke Albrecht. To the right as far as the eye can reach ex- tends a vast heath (‘Puszta'). 58 M. Kümling, Hung. Kimle; 621/2 M. Lébény-Szt. Miklós, with interesting church of 13th cent.; 66 M. Ottevény. - 741/2 M. Raab, Hung. Györ (*Weisses Lamm; Schiff; Wein- trawbe; Räits Rest.; pop. 23,000), the Roman Arabona, a busy town at the influx of the Raab into the Kleine Donau, was once strongly fortified. The Cathedral of the 12th cent. has been mod– ernised. Under the episcopal Residenz are well-preserved dun- geons of the Turkish period. The Hungarian Theatre lies on an is- land, with pleasant grounds, between the Raab and the Danube. The lofty Feuerthurm commands the town and environs. – Steam- boat to Gönyö, see p. 336. — Branch-railway to Kis Czell and Steinamanger (p. 353) in 41/2 hrs. - - At Györ Szt. Martón, on a spur of the Bakonyer Wald, 12 M. to the S.E. of Raab, lies the celebrated Abbey of St. Martinsberg, Hung. Pannon- 352 Route 57. NEUszóNY. halma, one of the oldest and wealthiest in Hungary, founded in the 10th cent. by Geisa, father of St. Stephen. The Church, in the transition-style of the 12th and 13th cent., has a more recent crypt under the choir. The principal entrance was erected in its present form by King Matthew in 1481. The throne of St. Stephen, in red marble, is said to have been used by the saint when hearing mass. In the Library (80,000 books; valuable do- cuments of the 11th cent., etc.) is preserved the cloak of St. Stephen (d. 1028), made of a material resembling crape, with drawings and the inscription : Regina casula hec operata et data ecclesiae Sanctae Mariae sitae in civitate alb: anno incarnationis XPI M: XXXI indictione XIII a Stephano Rege et Gisla r. — The tower commands an extensive view. FROM RAAB To OEDENBURG AND EBENFURT (711/2 M., in 6 hrs.). Most of the stations are unimportant. 19 M. Csorna, with 5549 inhab. and a Pre- monstratensian abbey. 29 M. Kapuvár-Gartha. We cross the Raab, tra- verse vast moors, and pass Vitnyéd, with its tobacco-fields. 321/2 M. Eszter- háza, with a fine château of Prince Esterházy in the Italian Renaissance style, and a large park containing the theatre in which most of the com- positions of Haydn, who was conductor of Prince Esterházy's orchestra from 1760 till 1790, were performed for the first time. The train rounds the S. end of the Neusiedler See (p. 357). 47 M. Wolfs, Hung. Balf, with gold sulphur springs. 52 M. Oedenburg, see p. 357. Several small stations. 661/2 M. Eisenstadt, Hung. Kis Marton (Adler), at the foot of the Leitha Mts., with a large château of Prince Esterházy, erected in 1683, restored in 1805, and fitted up with regal magnificence. The beautiful gardens on the slopes of the hill, the hot-houses of which contain upwards of 70,000 species of plants, command a view of the Neusiedler See. The Leopoldinentermpel contains a statue of Princess Liechtenstein, née Esterházy, by Canova. Jo- seph Haydn (d. 1809; see above) is buried in the pilgrimage-church of Maria–Einsiedel near Eisenstadt. Excellent wine is grown on the hills of Ruszt, 8 M. to the E., on the W. bank of the Neusiedler See. 711/2 M. Neufeld is the station for the busy little town of Ebenfurt, situated on the railway from Pottendorf to Wiener-Neustadt (p. 265). - Stations Györ Szt. Iván, Szt. János, Acs (with a château of Prince Liechtenstein). 98 M. Komorn-Neuszóny (Rail. Rest.), a fortified tâte-de-pont of Komorn (p. 336), with which it is connected by a bridge-of-boats, 700yds. long, across the main arm of the Danube. To STUHLWEISSENBURG (52 M., rail. in 4 hrs.). The line runs to the S. and traverses the wooded spurs of the Bakonyer Wald , which stretches hence to the Plattensee (p. 353). Stations Wagy-Igmánd, Kis-Bé,” (with a **) Modr, Bodaik, Moha (with mineral springs). Stuhlweissenburg, p The train quits the Danube and nears the hills. The Roman Brigetio, where Emp. Valentinian I. died, lay between (1001/2 M.) Alt-Szöny (O-Szöny; p. 836) and the next station (105 M.) Almás Füzitó. 1091/2 M. Tata-Tóváros or Totis (Szalka; Elster; pop. 11,200), on the Nagy Tö, a lake 23/4 M. long, with an old château of Prince Esterházy. Warm springs in the prince's park. Pleasant environs, with stalactite caverns, marble-quarries, and clay-pits. Stations Bánhida, Felsö-Galla, Száár. Several tunnels and via- ducts. 132 M. Bicske, with an observatory; near it is Alesuth, with a château, model-farm, and park of Archduke Joseph. Stations Herczeghalom, Klein - Turwal, Gross – Turwal, Budačrs. Beyond (155 M.) Budapest-Kelenföld (station for Neu - Ofen), the train crosses the Danube by an iron bridge, 400 yds. long (p. 344), to Budapest - Franzstadt (where express trains do not stop) and the Central Station at (163. M.) Budapest (p. 337). - - 353 58. From Budapest to Stuhlweissenburg, Agram, and - Fiume. - 3641/2 M. RAILWAY in 171/2-251/4 hrs. (fares 8 fl., 5 fl. 80 kr., 4 fl.). — From Budapest vià Dombovár (p. 358) and Zákány to Fiume, 3771/2 M., express in 163/4 hrs. - - We start from the Südbahnhof (p. 337) at Ofen. After a long tunnel, Kelenföld (p. 352). Then Promontor (p. 359); Tétény (p. 359), on the Danube; Tărnok; Martonvásár, with a handsome château of Count Brunswick; Nyék ; Velencze, with the Velenczer See, partly drained, on the right, and Dinnyés. 43 M. Stuhlweissenburg, Hungar. Székes Fehérvár (König von Ungarn; Adler; Bierhalle at the theatre; Rail. Rest.; cab into the town 50 kr., at night 1 fl., with two horses 1 fl. or 1 fl. 60 kr.), the Roman Alba Regalis, or Alba Regia, where the kings of Hungary were crowned down to Ferdinand I., is now the residence of a bishop and capital of the county of the same name. (Pop. 27,600, mostly Hungarians.) The town, which is one of the most prosperous in Hungary, trades largely in wine and fruit and has large calico- printing works. Among the many handsome buildings may be mentioned the Episcopal Palace, the new Theatre, and the Cathe- dral, erected on the ruins of the church of St. Stephen, which was destroyed by the Turks in the 16th century. The principal Platz is adorned with a bronze statue of the Hungarian poet Vörösmarty, by Way. Pleasant drive (one-horse carr. 1 fl., two-horse 2 fl.) to the town vineyards, which are carefully cultivated and are dotted with villas. – Railway to Newszóny and Komorn see R. 57. 47 M. Szabad-Báthyán; 5.9 M. Lepsény. The train reaches the Plattensee, Hungar. Balaton (425 ft.), the largest lake in Hungary and in S. Europe, 46 M. long, 3–9 M. wide, and abounding with fish. The S. bank is flat; the N. is bounded by a chain of hills and volcanic peaks which yield the esteemed Schomlauer wine. 71 M. Siófok lies at the exit of the small river Sio from the lake. Steamboat twice daily in 1 hr. (fare 11/2 fl.) to Füred (Hotel Megyer), a bath with springs impregnated with carbonic acid, beneficial in female com- plaints, and frequented by the Hungarian noblesse. In the season (May to Sept.) the place is often crowded (R. at the Kurhaus, the old and new Baths, Horvath's, or the villas Ecsy, Jokai, Döry, Hurry, etc., 1 fl. and upwards; cheaper at the villages of Füred and Arács, 3/4 M. distant). The train skirts the S. bank of the lake. 80 M. Szántód. Op- posite, on a long promontory, stands the church (18th cent.) of the Benedictine abbey of Tihany, founded in 1054. The church con- tains the tomb of Andreas I., and the abbey has a large library. On the N.W. side there is a famous echo. 941/2 M. Boglár. On the opposite bank are the wine-producing Badacson, the distant ruin of Csobáncz, and on the bank, farther on, the picturesque ruin of Szi- gliget. 114 M. Balaton Szt. György, at the S. end of the lake; branch-line to (6 M.) Keszthely, a small town on the N. bank, with a château of Count Festetics. . - BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. 23 354 Route 58. A GRAM. From Budapest 125 M. Komárváros. 1361/2 M. Kanizsa, Ger. Grosskirchen (*Rail. Rest.), a market-town with 20,500 inhab., is the junction for Steinamanger (p. 354) and Pragerhof (p. 270). Stations Mura Keresztúr, Legrád, and (1551/2 M.) Zákány (comp. p. 357), where the railways to Báttaszék and Fünfkirchen (for Mo- hács and Essegg, see p. 357) diverge to the left. The Agram line crosses the Draw and enters the wooded and hilly region of Croatia. Most of the stations are unimportant. 164 M. Kopreinitz (Hun. Kaproneza), with a fine old castle; 1831/2 M. Kreuz (Hun. Körös ; pop. 3655), chief town of a district. - 220 M. Agram, slav. Zágreb (*Kaiser von Oesterreich, Jellačić- Platz; Pruckner's Hotel; Weisses Lamm; Jägerhorn; Krone; cafés in the Jellačić-Platz; cab into the town 1 fl., per hour 1 fl.), the capital of Croatia, with 37,400 inhab. , and seat of a university founded in 1874, is prettily situated 11/2 M. from the Save. The town, partly destroyed by an earthquake on 9th Nov., 1880, but since rebuilt, consists of the Upper and the Lower Town. In the former are the Palace of the Banus (governor of Croatia), St. Mark's Church (Gothic, with rococo tower), the Archiepiscopal Palace (in the Platz in front of which rises a *Column of the Virgin, by Fern- korn and Pönninger), the *Cathedral (a fine late-Gothic edifice of the 15th cent., lately restored; towers being rebuilt), and the Stross- maier Promenade (affording a beautiful view of the valley of the Save). Most of the buildings in the lower town are modern. The Jellačić-Platz is adorned with an equestrian statue of the Banus Jellačić (d. 1859). The Marie-Valerie-Gasse leads hence to the S., past the Museum of Art and Industry and the Synagogue, to the large Zrinyi-Platz with its promenades. On the E. side rises the Palace of Justice, in the Renaissance style; on the S. side is the palatial Academy of Science, with its fine court and valuable col- lections (antiquities, coins, library, and Strossmaier's picture-gal- lery). The Academie–Platz is adorned with marble busts of the Croatian painters Clovio and Medulić (Sciavone) and Gen. Franko- pan (or Frangipani), and an equestrian statue of St. George by Fernkorn. On the S. side is the Chemical Laboratory of the Uni- versity. To the W. of the Academy the Kukovic-Gasse leads past the Protestant Church (the only one in Croatia) to the Sajmište, or market-place, on the N. side of which is the handsome Romanesque building of the Francis Joseph University. The Frankopan-Gasse and the busy Ilica lead back hence to the Jellačić-Platz. — The pleasant Mazimir Park is 41/2 M. from the town. - A pleasant drive of 2 hrs. (fare 2 fl.) may be taken among the pretty vineyards and villas in the environs. – A fine excursion for a whole day is the ascent of the Sleme (3527 ft.), the highest point of the Agram Mts. : drive to Gračan, a village at the foot of the hills; ascend thence through Wood in 2 hrs. to the bare summit, on which there is a refuge-hut; superb view. (Take provisions from Agram.) From Agram to Steinbrück, see p. 271. - - FROM AGRAM To SISSEK (33 M., rail in 1/2-2 hrs.). The line runs for to Fiume. FIUME. 58. Route. 355 the most part through oak-woods. 10 M. Gross-Gorica; 21 M. Lekenik; 33 M. Sissek (Rail. Rest.; Hotel at the station), which was besieged by the Turks in 1593, lies at the confluence of the Kulpa, and the Save, and car- ries on a busy trade in grain, wood, and gall-nuts. Relics of the Roman colony of Siscia are still preserved. — From Sissek to Banjaluka, see R. 88. FROM SISSEK To SEMLIN, steamboat down the Save, twice a week, in 30 hrs. (fares 21 fl. 89, 14 fl. 26 kr.; up stream 38 hrs., fares 17 fl. 64, 11 fl. 76 kr.). Stations: (i.) Jassenovac; (1.) Alt-Gradiska, often mentioned in the Turkish wars, opposite the small fortress of Berbir; (r.) Siekovac ; (1.) Slavonisch-Brod, a station on the railway to Dálja (p. 373), opposite Bosnisch-Brod (a station on the line to Sarajevo, see p. 450). Then (r.) Schamatz; (1.) Zupanje; (i.) Rajevoselo ; (r.) Breska; (1.) Bacsa ; (1.) Mitro- vitz, with 7144 inhab. and productive vineyards, the ancient Sirmium, where antiquities are often found (station for India, see p. 365); (r.) Scha- batz, a Servian town with 8028 inhab., at the influx of the Kamitschak, with the Zer hills on the right; (r.) Obrenovac. On the left we next ob- serve the intrenchment constructed by Prince Eugene in 1717, and at Be- zania the embankment thrown up by Marshal Laudon in 1788, on the oc- casion of sieges of Belgrade. The steamer touches at (r.) Belgrade (p. 361). On the right lies the Kriegsånsel, for which many conflicts took place in the Turkish wars of 1680-1790. The steamer then ascends the Danube to Semlin (p. 361). 234 M. Zdencina; 2391/9 M. Jaska. 252 M. Karlstadt, Hung. Károlyváros (Hôtel Vogler; Krone; Rail. Rest, ; pop. 5700), a for- tress and busy commercial place on the Kulpa, connected by a bridge with the suburb of Bania. To the W. is the ruin of Dubovac. The train now enters the Kapella Mts., which culminate in the Klek (see below). 2581/2 M. Dugaresa; a lofty viaduct; 270 M. Gene- ralski-Stol. At (276 M.) Tuin we get a glimpse at the picturesque ravine of the Tuinschiza. 287 M. Ogulin (1065 ft.; Goldner Stern; Hôtel Muzek, at the station), a picturesquely-situated little town with 4200 inhabitants, on the Dobra , which here disappears in a rocky gully, 125 ft. in depth, to emerge again 3 M. to the E. Ascent of the Klek (3880 ft.; 4 hrs., with guide), interesting. The line ascends more rapidly; to the left are the slopes of the Klek. 296 M. Gomirje. Near (300 M.) Verbovsko three short tunnels. At (3051/2 M.) Cameral-Moravice (Rail. Rest.) we quit the valley of the Dobra. 311 M. Skrád (2126 ft.), a finely-situated place. The train describes a wide curve and passes through three tunnels. 323 M. Delnice (2385 ft.; pop. 2500). Beyond (3281/2 M.) Lokve (2688 ft.) the train passes through the Sleme Tunnel, 340 yds. long, the highest point of the line (2884 ft.). It then descends, crossing the Lidanka Viaduct, to (334 M.) Fuxing; then in long windings and through a tunnel to (3381/2 M.) Lié (2660 ft.), on the margin of the Karst plateau, where the Adriatic Sea first comes in sight. The line descends in a long bend to (344. M.) Plase (1808 ft.), inhabited by Italians and Croatians. Then Meja, and Buccari, with a fine castle. The train crosses the Fiumara (Re- cina) and passes through a tunnel under the Mt. Calvary. 3611/2 M. Fiume, Servian-Croatian Rieka (*Europa, on the quay; *Hôtel Deák, by the station and the steamboat-pier; Hôtel de la Ville, near the station; Goldner Stern; Jägerhorn; *Rest. Ziegler, 23% 356 Route 59. FIUME. opposite the theatre), the only seaport in Hungary, lies pictures- quely at the N.E. end of the Bay of Quarnero. Anciently a thriv- ing town, and named St. Veit am Flawm in the middle ages, it was at one time a fief of the Patriarchs of Aquileia; it next belonged to the Counts of Duino and the Barons of Gorizia; in 1471 it was an- nexed to the dominions of the House of Hapsburg by Emp. Fred- erick III. ; in 1779 it was attached to Hungary, with which, after several separations, it has been united since 1870. The town (pop. with the suburbs 29,000) has three harbours: the Porto Canale Fiumara, the Porto Nuovo, with large warehouses on the piers, and the Petroleum Harbour. Its trade is rapidly increasing. Among its factories are Whitehead's torpedo-works and Smith & Meynier's paper-mill in the Fiumara Ravine. One of the finest buildings is that of the Naval Academy, established in 1856. Another is the Cathedral, with a new façade in the style of the Pantheon in Rome. Observe also the church of St. Veit, an imitation of S. Maria della Salute in Venice; the Government Buildings; the Theatre, the Hungarian Tobacco Factory, and the two covered Markets. Of a few Roman relics the finest is a Triumphal Arch, said to have been erected in honour of Emp, Claudius II. Gothicus (268-70). Beauti- ful Giardino Pubblico. - - A path flanked with oratories or stations ascends in 400 steps to the Pilgrimage Church, which contains a picture of the Madonna di Loreto ascribed by tradition to St. Luke. The pillars are hung with the votive offerings of rescued mariners. From this point the Sea looks like a large lake, enclosed by the hills of the islands of Veglia and Chen’so. Near the church is the château of Tersato, once the seat of the Frangi- pani, now that of Count Nugent. A Small temple contains a collection of antiquities, finest of which is a Venus with beautiful drapery. A column, eagle, and marble table erected by the French on the battle-field of Ma- rengo, are now preserved here. *View of the Quarnero Bay with its is- lands, of Fiume, and the grand ravine of the Fiumara, with a cascade of the Zwir emerging from the cliff. - Charming excursion to *Abbazia (p. 272; a drive of 11/2 hr., 2 pers. 4 fl., 4 pers. 6!/2 fl. ; steamer three times daily in 3/4-1 hr., fare 40 kr.). From Fiume to Trieste, see R. 42; to Zara, see R. 81. . 59. From Vienna to Mohács by Kanizsa. 2851/2 M. RAILWAY in 181/2 hrs. - As far as (31 M.) Neustadt, see p. 263. The line here diverges to the E. from the Semmering Railway and crosses the Leitha near (36 M.) Neudörfel. Hilly and fertile country, yielding wine, fruit, and maize. On the left rise the spurs of the Leitha Mts., the boun- dary between Austria and Hungary. 39 M. Sauerbrunn; 1 hr. S.W. rises the Gespitxt-Riegel, crowned with the Neustädter Warte, a splendid point of view. 41 M. Wiesen, Hung. Rétfalu; on the hill to the right is the Rosalienkapelle, lower down lies the castle of Forchtenstein. Beyond a deep cutting and a viaduct is (43. M.) Mattersdorf, Hung. Nagy Marton. Stations Marz-Rohrbach, Scha- dendorf, Agendorf. - - OEDENBURG. 59. Route, 357 53 M. Oedenburg (König von Ungarn; Rose; Hirsch; Palatin; Rail. Rest.), Hung. Soprºny, the Roman station Sopronium, is a dull town with 27,150 inhab. (1/2 Prot.), with few Hungarian character- istics. Among the buildings may be noted the Dominican Church, the Benedictine Church (16th cent.), containing the marble monu- ment of Count Anton Széchenyi, St. Michael's, loftily situated in the Neusiedler suburb, and the Theatre. Important cattle-markets are held here. — To Ebenfurt and Raab, see p. 352. The Neusiedler See (Fertö Tava), 71/2 M. to the E., is a salt lake 75 M. in circumference, 10-12 ft. deep in the middle, but very shallow near the banks. Towards the S.E. it ends in a Swamp (Hans&g, “floating turf"), larger than the lake itself, partly wooded and abounding in game. In summer when the water is low, crystallised salt is found on the banks. About the year 1870 the lake was dry, and the cultivation of its bed was begun, but the water has since returned. Stations Zinkendorf, Hung. Nagy Czeng (with a château of Count Széchenyi), Schützen (Hung. Lövå), Bükk, Acsád. 93 M. Steinamanger, Hung. Szombathely (Hôt. Sabaria; Grü- ner Baum; Stadthaus; Rail. Rest.; cab into the town 4, at night 11/2 fl. ; omn. 10 or 20 kr.), a town with 16,100 inhab., occupies the site of the Roman Sabaria, the capital of Pannonia, founded by Claudius A.D. 48. Many Roman antiquities have been found here; some of them are preserved in the Museum of the episcopal palace, adjoining the cathedral. Remains of a triumphal arch of Constan- tius Chlorus, traces of an amphitheatre on the Kalvarienberg, and other memorials of the Roman period still exist. The Cathedral, in the degraded taste of last century, is sumptuously fitted up in the interior. - - In the vicinity is Eisgribel, a favourite resort; also Bogdt, with a château and fine park of Count Festetics. Farther distant is Tatzmanns- dorf, Hung. Tarcza (drive of 5 hrs., 10 fl.), a chalybeate bath. RAILWAY by Kis Czell to Raab in 4!/2 hrs., see p. 351; to Stuhlweissen- burg and Gratz, see p. 269. — BRANCH LINE (11 M., in 3/4 hr.) to Güns, Hung. Köszeg (Strauss; Krone; pop. 7100), an industrial town on the Köszeg, with the ruin of Altenburg and a château of Prince Esterházy. Excur- sions to (1 hr.) the Lockenhaus Valley; to (3/4 hr.) Altenhaus (1998 ft.); to the top of the (2 hrs.) Geschriebene Stein (2897 ft.). - At (1041/2 M.) Molnári the Raab is crossed (to the right lies Vasvár, Germ. Eisenburg); Egervár; 423 M. Szt. Iván (where the Zála is crossed); Szt. Mihály-Pácsa; Gelse; 157 M. Kanizsa (Rail. Rest.; p. 358). - 166 M. Mura Keresztúr (p. 354), on the Mur, which falls into the Drave 3 M. lower down. The line follows the left bank of the latter. 1704/2 M. Legrád; 1751/2 M. Zákány (Rail. Rest.), junction for Agram (p. 354). The marshy plain of the Drave is now travers- ed. Stations Góla, Berzencze, Vizvár, Babócsa (with a ruined for- tress). 2081/2 M. Barcs (Rail. Rest.), junction of the line to Sla- tima and Pakrácz-Lipik in Slavonia. The train quits the Drave. 216 M. Darány; 221 M. Szigetvár, once a strong fortress, scene of the death of its heroic defender Nicholas Zrínyi in 1566, an event dramatized by Th. Körner. 236 M. Sgt. Lörincz. 358 Route 59. EſNFKIRCHEN. 248 M. Fünfkirchen, Hung. Pécs (*Nador; Wilder Mann; Gold- mes Schiff; König Matthias; Rail. Rest.; pop. 38,800), capital of the county of Baranya and residence of a bishop, is prettily situat- ed. The fine Romanesque Cathedral, with its four towers, has been restored in the original style since 1882. Under the choir is a crypt with double aisles, to which eighteen steps descend. In the Domplatz, adjoining the S.E. tower, is the subterranean Sacellum, probably a burial-chapel of the 5th century. Five Mosques of the Turkish period (1543–1686) still exist; three are in ruins; the other two have been converted into the Stadtkirche and the Franciscan Church, the latter with a minaret. Handsome Synagogue. Large majolica manufactory. In the vicinity are valuable coal-mines, owned by the Danube Steamboat Co., with briquette factories, coke-kilns, and a prettily-situated mining village (5000 inhab.). The slopes of the Meczek hills yield excellent wine. To the S. (6 M.) are the warm sulphur-baths of Harkány. To BUDAPEST (147 M. ; rail in 10 hrs.). The train runs on the Kanizsa line as far as (12 M.) Szt. Lörincz (see above), and then diverges to the N. Most of the stations are unimportant. At (44. M.) Uſ Dombovár (Rail. Rest.) we cross the Zákány-Báttaszék line (p. 354), and then follow the Rapos or Zichy Canal. Wine and tobacco are largely grown here. From (91 M.) Sárbogórd (Rail. Rest.) a branch-line runs to (401/2 M.) Szegszárd, with 14,950 inhab., a wine-growing place, trading chiefly with France. At (1091/2 M.) Adony (p. 359) the train reaches the Danube, which it now follows. Stations Ercsi, with the so-called Roman intrenchment (p. 360), Erd (p. 359), Promontor (p. 359). Terminus at Budapest-Kelenföld at Neu- Ofen (p. 352); branch thence to the central station at Budapest (p. 337). The line turns towards the S. Stations Uszög, Atá, Trinitás. 270M. Villány, well known for its wine, junction for Essegg (p. 373). Then Német-Böly and (2851/2 M.) Mohács (p. 359). 60. The Danube from Budapest to Orsova. STEAMBOAT from Budapest on Tues., Thurs., and Sat. (at 11 p.m.) to Bel- grade in 23 hrs., and to Orsova in 36 hrs. ; also from Pest to Mohács daily (at noon) in 101/2 hrs. (Fares to Mohács 7 fl. 8, 4 fl. 54 kr. ; to Essegg 10 fl. 40 kr., 7 fl. 5 to Neusatz-Peterwardein 10 fl. 30, 6 fl. 80 kr.: to Semlin 12 fl. 30, 8 fl. 20 kr.: to Belgrade 12 fl. 60, 8 fl. 40 kr.; Báziás 16 fl. 50 kr., 11 fl. 3 Orsova 18 fl. 60, 12 fl. 40 kr. (food and private cabines extra). Lug- gage to Semlin 78 kr., to Orsova 1 fl. 10 kr., small articles free. The ves- sels are well fitted up, and provided with berths and saloon-decks. (Sleep- ing cabin to Belgrade 12, to Orsova 17 fl.) Food and attendance good and not expensive. Tickets up stream, as well as return-tickets, at greatly re- duced rates. - Below Budapest the Danube traverses the vast Hungarian plain. Scenery monotonous, banks thinly peopled, towns insignificant. Below the influx of the Drave the scenery improves, and in the defile, 78 M. long, from Bá- ziás to below the Iron Gates, it is grand at places. When the river is low, and the rapids and the Iron Gates are impassable for the larger steam- boats, passengers and goods are transferred to smaller vessels at Orsova, Moldova, or Drencova. The Danube Steamboat Company owns upwards of 200 steam-vessels, besides many barges. The goods-traffic is considerable. The usual hours of arrival are given, assuming that the steamboat leaves Budapest at 11 p.m., and that the water is favourable. The stations are printed in heavy type. MOHACS. 60. Route. 359 Budapest, see p. 337. The vessel starts from the Franz-Josefs- Quai (p. 339), touches at Ofen, and then descends the stream, passing under the Railway Bridge (p. 346). To the right rises the Blocksberg. Many floating mills are passed. The river divides, forming the large island of Csepel, 30 M. in length. The main arm flows on the W. side ; the Soroksárer Arm on the E. is closed by a lock. R. Sachsenfeld, Hung. Albertfalva, with a royal château on the Danube, once the property of Prince Eugene. R. Promontor (station on the Budapest and Trieste Railway, p. 353), a wine-growing place. Tétény (p. 353), with a ruined château. R. Erd, or Hamzsabég (station on the Südbahn, p. 858), with a massive tower of the Turkish period and a château of Baron Sina. Then Ercsény. Below — R. Adony the Soroksárer Arm rejoins the main stream. L. Loré, at the S. end of the island of Csepel. L. Tass, station for the commercial town of Kúm Szt. Miklós. L. Szalk Szt. Márton; then Apostag. R. Duna Földvár (Hirsch; pop. 12,250), prettily situated on a height. Important sturgeon-fishery. L. Harta and Ordas. – R. Paks (11,086 inhab.). Extensive marshes on both sides of the river. L. Szt. Benedek. Numerous floating mills. L. (4.20 a.m.) Kalocsa (König von Ungarn), an archiepiscopal residence, with a fine cathedral, 3 M. inland (omnibus). Branch- line to Kis Körös, see p. 364. Lower down begin the windings of the river, the longest of which, with the town of Tolna, is cut off by means of a canal. To the right, in the distance, rise the Szegszard Mts., noted for their wine. R. Dombori, station for Tolna; Gemencz, for Szegszárd (p. 358). L. Baja (Lamm; pop. 18,100), an important grain-market, river-port of the corn-producing Bácska. - R. Báta, where Roman antiquities have been found, and Duna Szekcsö, with a château and park, both villages prettily situated. To the left begins the island of Mohács or Nagy Margitsziget, 25 M. in length. R. (8.15 a.m.) Mohács (Hôtel Kretschmayer; cab into the town 40 kr.), a town with 14,403 inhab. and five churches, consisting chiefly of thatched houses, is famed for the disastrous battle of 29th Aug., 1526, which brought Hungary under the Turkish yoke. The battle-field lies to the S.W. of the town. During the flight King Lewis II. perished in a swamp near the village of Czecze. Almost on the same field, on 12th Aug., 1687, Charles of Lorraine signally defeated the Turks, and put an end to their hated supremacy. The station of the Mohács and Fünfkirchen Railway (p. 358) is close to the pier. The scenery continues unattractive. . • R. Batina, with marble and alabaster-quarries, and relics of the Roman period. - 360 Route 60. NEUSATZ. The Danube from L. Bezdān, at the end of the Franzens or Bácser Canal, which connects the Danube and the Theiss (67 M. long, 65 ft. wide, 61/2 ft. deep). - º) Apatin (Zum Schäfer; 12,821 inhab.), in a flax-growing district. The Römerschange, an intrenchment 13 ft. high, and 19 ft. broad, extends hence to the Theiss. - - R. (14.40) Draueck, at the mouth of the Drau or Drave, a con- siderable river, on which lies Essegg (p. 373; 9 M.; local steamboat in 4 hr.). - º the influx of the Drave the left bank of the Danube con- tinues flat. The right bank (belonging to Slavonia) rises in low hills clothed with vines and fruit-trees. R. Erdöd, with a ruined castle. L. (12.15 p.m.) Gombos, a station on the Alföld Railway (R. 64). A steam-ferry crosses the Danube here to Erdöd. R. Dälja, on the railway to Bosnisch-Brod (see p. 378). R. Vukovár, capital of the Slavonic district of Szerem, with 7150 inhab., and a château of Count Eltz lying prettily on a height. Wines and fruit-trees abound. The chain of hills on the S. side of the Danube between this and Slankamen is called Fruska-Gora (Roman Mons Almus). The well known Karlowitzer wine (see p. 364) grows on the lower slopes, while the tops of the hills are densely wooded. - - L. Novoszello. R. Sárengrád. - R. Illok, Hung. Ujlak, with a château of Prince Odescalchi. L. Palánka. R. Cserevitz. - L. Futak. The scenery improves. In the distance rise the towers of Neusatz and the fortress of Peterwardein. R. Kamenitz, prettily situated, with a château and park of Count Karácsonyi. The large building on the hill, formerly a military aca- demy, is now used for the silk-culture. The river turns suddenly to the N. - - L. (5.15) Neusatz, Hung. Ujvidék (*Hôtel Elisabeth), a thriv- ing town with 24,700 inhab., founded in 1740, almost entirely destroyed in 1849, and since rebuilt, is the seat of the Greek bishop of the Bácska, with ten churches. Extensive corn-trade. R. Peterwardein, Hung. Pétervárad, a town with 3850 inhab., lies on a peninsula formed by the Danube, and at the base of the rock on which the Fortress stands (visitors admitted; fine view). . The arsenal contains Turkish weapons. In the Franciscan church is the tomb of John Capistranus (d. 1465), the celebrated preacher of the Crusades. On 5th Aug. 1716 Prince Eugene defeated the Turks at Peterwardein, thus avenging their violation of the Peace of Karlowitz. Here begins the former Military Frontier, a long, narrow strip of land parallel with the Turkish frontier, once under strict military organisation for defence against the Turks. The E. part of it was annexed to Hungary in 1872, the W. part to Croatia and Slavonia in 1881. Budapest to Orsova. BELGRADE. 60. Route. 361 Below Peterwardein the Danube makes a long bend and again turns towards the S. The fortress long continues visible. R. Karlowitz, Hung. Karlocza (Trompeter; pop. 5550), 3/4 M. from the river, the seat of a Greek-Oriental patriarch, is memorable for the peace of 26th Jan. 1699, by which Austria acquired the greater part of Hungary and Transylvania. The chapel of Maria- fried (663 ft.) in the vineyards above the town occupies the site of the building in which the peace was concluded. The red wine (see p. 360) grown near Karlowitz and the ‘Sliwowitz’, or plum-brandy distilled here are highly esteemed. The main arm of the Danube is confined between numerous islands. R. Slankamen, where the Margrave Lewis of Baden defeated the Turks in 1694. R. Theisseck, at the influx of the Theiss (Hung. Tisza), is the starting-point of the steamers on the Theiss to Titel and Szegedin (see p. 366). x The hills on the right recede. In the distance appear the mina- rets and towers of Belgrade. R. (8.30 p.m.) Semlin, Hung. Zimony (Engel; Europa; Natio- mal; Stadt Wien; Rail. Rest.; pop. 42,900), the last Hungarian town on the right bank of the Danube, seat of a Greek archbishop, with a number of handsome buildings. On the Zigeunerberg, on the river, are the remains of the castle of John Hunyadi, the Hun- garian hero, who died at Semlin in 1456. The population is chiefly Servian. R. The Save, or Saw, the boundary between Hungary and Servia, falls into the Danube below Semlin. The island formed since the beginning of the 17th cent. by its deposits is the haunt of numer- ous water-fowl. Steamboat on the Save from Semlin to Sissek (p. 355) twice a week in 38 hrs. ; local steamers between Semlin and Belgrade several times daily in 1/4 hr. R. (9.30 p.m.) Belgrade. — Hotels. "GRAND HoTEL; *HôTEL DE PA- RIs, R. 2 fr. and upwards; CRowN OF SERVIA ; HôTEL NATIONAL. Servian wines good (Negotin, &c.). - - Post-Office, Vassina-Str. ; Telegraph-Office, Prince-Michael-Str. — Cabs in the Terazia and the market-place (bargaining advisable). — Commission- naires (porters) at the street corners, moderate. Money. The unit of currency in Servia is the dinar or franc, which is divided into 100 paras or 5 piastres. The ordinary coins are 5 and 40 paras in copper, and i and 2 dinars in silver. Austrian and other foreign money also circulates freely: 1 Austrian ducat = 12 dinars; a twenty mark piece = 24.50 dinars; a sovereign = 25 dinars; a Russian rouble = 3.92 dinars. For a short stay Austrian notes are most con- Venient, though a little loss is incurred in changing them (1 fl. = about 2 dinars). The piastre is worth about 2d. English. Passports are given up on landing and reclaimed at the police office a few hours later. The custom-house examination is lenient. At the principal resorts the traveller will generally make himself understood in French, German, or English. British Minister Resident, F. St. John, Esq. American Vice-Consul General, A. Mac-Clure, Esq. Belgrade, Serv, Beograd, Hung. Nandor-Fehérvar, the capital 362 Route 60. BELGRADE. The Danube from of the kingdom of Servia, with 40,000 inhab., lies picturesquely on a promontory formed by the Danube and Save, at the base of a limestone rock crowned by the dilapidated fortress. The town, the Roman Singidunum, was a fortress of the utmost importance dur- ing the Turkish wars. In 1455 it was successfully maintained by Hunyadi against Mohammed II., in 1522 it was captured by Soli- man II., in 1688 retaken by Max Emanuel of Bavaria, in 1717 by Prince Eugene, and in 1789 by Laudon, having after each suc- cessive peace been restored to the Turks. Down to 1867 the for- tress was occupied by a Turkish garrison, but the memorials of the Turkish period are fast disappearing. The mosques, whose slender minarets look so picturesque from a distance, are either converted to other uses, or have fallen to decay (e.g. the Batal-Djamia in the Dortschol). The principal mosque is in the fortress, where there is also a lofty tower with a Turkish clock dial. - The town consists of several quarters. On the Danube, on the N.E. side of the fortress, is the Dortschol, or Turkish town, form- erly the principal quarter, now almost entirely deserted, with the ruins of a palace of Prince Eugene (the foundations of which seem to be much older). On the Save, on the W. side, is the Servian, or Rascian Town (Savamahala), with steep streets, while the town properly so called, with its new streets and handsome buildings, lies on the S. side of the fortress. The chief street is the Milan Street, formerly called the Terazia, with the old and new royal pal– aces (Konak), the theatre, the bronze equestrian statue of Prince Michael (see below), and the best shops (handsome weapons, car- pets, travelling-rugs, &c., dear). The town contains no sights, ex- cept perhaps the Museum of Servian Antiquities, but its Oriental appearance is interesting. The chief promenade is the beautiful park of Kalimegdan, between the town and the fortress. – Top- schider, the country-seat of the king, 3 M. to the W., has a large park, where Prince Michael Obrenowitsh was assassinated on 10th June, 1868. - - The steamboat, which usually starts at 11 p.m., passes close to the walls of the fortress. The left bank is flat and marshy. Numer- Ous islands. L. The navigable Temes falls into the Danube, which is here 11/4 M. in width, 9 M. below Belgrade. On the former (3 M.) lies Pancsova (17,000 inhab.; local steamer to Semlin 2-3 times daily). R. Semendria, once a Turkish fortress, still walled. L. Kubin. Then on the right the influx of the Servian Morawa. R. Dubrawitza. In the river lies the island of Ostrova, 11 M. long. R. Rama, a dilapidated Servian fort (near which are traces of R0– man fortifications). Opposite lies — L. O-Palánka, an Austrian frontier-post. The horizon is bound- ed by the spurs of the Carpathians. Budapest to Orsova. BAZIAS. 60. Route. 363 L. (5.30 a.m.) Báziás (*Hôtel Bauer; Rail. Rest.), the terminus of the Temesvár and Báziás railway (p. 368), a small town with an old convent. The Danube enters the hill-district of the Southern Car- pathians. To the right are the ruins of the Servian fortress of Gra- distje, at the mouth of the Pek. L. Moldáva (6 M. to the N. of which are the copper-mines of Neu-Moldova). A good road, made by the Hungarian government in 1837–40 at the instance of Count Széchenyi, leads hence to Orsova. Its viaducts and cuttings are frequently visible from the steamer. Below Moldova the Danube enters a narrow defile. In the middle of the stream rises the lofty, pointed Babakaj rock. On a pinnacle on the right bank stand the picturesque ruins of the for- tress of Golubác, opposite the ruin of Lászlóvár. The rocks here contain numerous caverns. One of these is the Golubác Cavern, from which, according to the popular belief, come the swarms of poisonous stinging flies which often prove so destructive to cattle in summer. To the right are the remains of one of the Român forts (Gradisea) which once defended the Via Trajana (see below). At — L. Drenkova begin the rapids of the Danube, which between this and Skela-Gladova falls over six ledges of rock, covered at times with barely 20 inches of water. When the river is low, passengers and goods are transferred to a smaller steamer at Drenkova. The scenery is now grand and severe. The vessel passes the ridges of Izlas and Tachtalia, and the prominent rock of Greben (627 ft.), and suddenly enters a broad lake-like basin, enclosed by wooded heights. On the right the Servian town of Milanovac. On a hill to the left, farther on, are the ruins of three towers, called Trikule, said to be of Roman origin, beyond which are the villages of Tiszovica and Plavisevica. The *Defile of Kasan, the grandest part of the passage, now begins. The Danube, here 200 ft. in depth, is confined to a width of 180 yds. by huge perpendicular cliffs. Before the construction of the above-mentioned road from Moldova, the defile was impass- able on either bank. On the right bank traces of the Roman Road constructed by Trajan, A. D. 103, from Orsova to Golubác are distinctly visible. It consisted of a path, 5–7 ft. in width, a little above the highest level of the water, carried at places round perpen- dicular rocks by means of covered wooden galleries. The holes in which the beams were inserted are frequently observable. The road was used by foot-passengers and cattle, as well as for towing vessels. A rock rising from the stream in the middle of the pass causes the Kasan Whirlpool. High above the road on the left bank, 1/4 hr. farther, is the Veterani Cavern in the Sukaru mountain, which was gallantly defended by the Austrian general Veterani with 400 men against a greatly superior Turkish force in 1682. The cavern, Which is spacious in the interior, but almost inaccessible, comple- tely commands the Danube, here 285 yds. in width. At — - 364 Route 60. IRON GATES. L. Duhova the Danube reaches its narrowest point (120 yds.). Opposite C. Gradina, at the end of the defile, the celebrated time- worn, now barely legible Inscription of Trajan is seen on the per- pendicular cliff: - IMP. CAESAR DIVI, NERVAE F. NERVA TRAIANWS. AWG. - GERM. PONT. MAXIMWS. . . . It was probably intended to commemorate Trajan's first Dacian campaign and the construction of the road. - L. (10 a.m.) Alt-Orsova (*König von Ungarn, R. from 50 kr., good view of the river; Weisses Ross), a prettily – situated little town at the mouth of the Cerna, on the left bank of which, 14/2 M. from the pier (cab 4 fl. 20, omn. 40 kr.), is the station of the Te- mesvár and Bucharest Railway (R. 62). Austrian custom-house. Below the town, on the left, rises the hill of Allion (1040 ft.), a fine point of view. When the river is low, travellers are conveyed hence by a smaller steamer through the Iron Gates to Skela-Gla- dova. This district is chiefly inhabited by Roumanians, recognisable by their peculiar costume. About 3 M. lower down lies the island of New-Orsova or Ada- Kaleh, taken by the Austrians in 1878, with an interesting Turkish colony, old fortifications, etc. To the left is the mouth of the Bachma, which forms the boundary between Hungary and Roumania. On the left bank is the first Roumanian village Verciorova (custom- house), a station on the railway to Bucharest (p. 369). Half-an- hour below it are the Iron Gates, Turkish Demir Kapu, the last great defile of the Danube, 11/2 M. in length, in which the river falls 16 ft. When the river is high the steamers ascend without difficulty, but when low, the navigation of the narrow rocky channel is troublesome. To the left, on the narrow bank, run the Bucharest Railway and the Orsova and Turn Severin road, constructed by the Roumanian government in continuation of the Széchenyi road (p. 363). 61. From Budapest to Belgrade. 222 M. RAILWAY in 7/2-141/2 hrs. (Oriental express every Friday in 7 hrs.); fares 21 francs 15 c., 15 fr. 30 c., 10 fr. 50 c. The train starts from the Staatsbahnhof at Pest (p. 337). 5 M. Budapest-Franzstadt (p. 352). 71/2 M. Erzsebätfalva, a summer- resort. 101/2 M. Soroksár, on the Soroksár Arm of the Danube (p. 359), which the line skirts. Stations Haraszti, Taksony, Duna– varsány, Laegháza (with fish-hatchery). At (311/2M.) Dömsöd the railway quits the river and traverses a marshy district, where horses are largely bred. Stations Kun Szt. Miklós; Nagyállás; Szabad- szállás (21,850 inhab.); Fülöpszállás (4850 inhab.); Csengöd. 67 M. Kis Körös (Rail. Rest.; pop. 7900) was the birthplace of the poet Alea’. Petőfi (1822–40), whose bust adorns the principal square. Branch-line to (19 M.) Kalocsa (p. 359). 78 M. Wadkert- SZEGEDIN. 62. Route, 365 Tázlár; 84 M. Halas, with 17,200 inhab., well-stocked fish-ponds, and large vineyards. Stations Kis Szállá8, Kelebia. 109 M. Maria-Theresiopel, Hung. Szabadka (Rail. Rest.), junc- tion of the Grosswardein and Essegg line (p. 372). 120M. Csantavér (pop. 6214), trading in cattle, corn, and wine; 128 M. Topolya (pop. ſ0,814), with extensive vineyards; , 138 M. Kis Hegyes; 1451/2 M. Verbász-Kula, station for Kula, O Verbász, and Uj, Verbász. The train crosses the Franzens-Canal (p. 360). Beyond O Kéer and Kis- zács we near the Danube. 171 M. Neusatz (p. 360). The train crosses the Danube by an iron bridge, 500 yds, long, to (174 M.) Peterwardein (p. 360). 177 M. Karlowitz (p. 364); 186 M. Beška; 1921/2 M. India (Rail. Rest.); branch-line vià Ruma to (26 M.) Mitrovitz on the Save (p. 355). Then O Pazúa, Uj Pazúa, Batajnicza, and (216M.) Semlin (p. 361). We now traverse a long embankment, cross the Save, and enter the station (outside the town) of — 222 M. Belgrade (p. 361). 62. From Budapest to Temesvár (and Báziás), Orsova, - and Werciorova. 3081/2 M. RAILWAY to Verciorova in 11-151/4 hrs. ; fares 15 fl. 48, 11 fl. 78, 7 fl. 75 kr.: express 18 fl. 95, 14 fl. 48 kr. (From Vienna to Bucharest in 28'ſz hrs.) On quitting the Austrian Staatsbahnhof (p. 337) the train leaves the Stadtwäldchen (p. 345) to the right (the line to Gödöllö diverges to the left, p. 375), and turns towards the S.E.; scenery uninter- esting. 5 M. Steinbruch (Hung. Köbánya; p. 339); 9 M. Sgt. Lö- rincz; 14 M. Vecsós. As far as (18 M.) Ullà the hills of Ofen con- tinue in sight. 23 M. Monor; 30 M. Pilis, with two châteaux and a park; 34!/2 M. Alberti-Irsa; 451/2 M. Czegléd (*Rail. Rest.; Hôtel {...";j pop. 27,700), junction for Abony and (18 M.) Szolnok p. º - 56 M. Nagy Körös (noted for its melons); 65 M. Kecskemét (Krone; pop. 48,300), a straggling, ill-built town, with busy cattle and corn markets and extensive fruit-culture (excellent apples); then Puszta Páka; Félegyháza (Adler; pop. 30,450), yielding fruit, tobacco, and wine (junction for Csongrád, 151/2 M.); Puszta Péteri, between two lakes; Kistelek; Szatymāz; Dorosma. 118 M. Szegedin. — "Hôtel. HUNGARIA, R. from.80 kr.: Sieben KURFüRSTEN (Hung. Het Választó); SoHwa RzBR ADLER or Fekete Sas; RAIL. REST. H. CAB to the Staatsbahnhof 80 kr., to the Alföld Station f fl., at Fight 1.fl. or 1 fl. 20 kr.: /; hr. 30 kr., 3/4 hr. 75 kr., 1 hr. 1 fl., each addit. */ hr. 20 kr. — OMNIBUs to the Staatsbahnhof 15, to Alföld Station 20, at night 20, 25 kr. . . Szegedin, or Szeged, an important commercial town with 87,250 inhab., at the confluence of the Maros and Theiss, was almost en- tirely destroyed by an inundation in March 1879, in which 2000 Persons perished, and has since been rebuilt in an improved style. 366 Route 62. TEMESWAR. From Budapest The site of the old Turkish Castle, on the N.E. side, is now occu- pied by pleasure-grounds, adjoined by a handsome square. The town possesses a Library of 80,000 vols., a handsome town-hall, and good schools and charities. The Theiss, with its busy traffic, is flanked with substantial quays. A stone bridge resting on seven buttresses connects the town with Neu-Szegedin on the opposite bank. From Szegedin to Grosswardein and Essegg, see p. 372. FROM SZEGEDIN TO ARAD (74!/2 M.; rail in 51/2 hrs. ; fares 3 fl. 60, 2 fl. 70, 1 fl. 80 kr.). 191/2 M. Makó, a busy town on the Maros (pop. 30,063). 42/2 M. Mezöhegyes, with a famous stud, yielding 1000 horses per annum; branch-line to (25 M.) Kétegyháza (p. 367). Batonya (pop. 8642) and Pécska gººd, on the Maros, are stations of importance. 74!/2 M. Arad, see p. FROM SZEGEDIN TO SEMLIN, steamer down the Theiss (water permitt- ing) thrice weekly in 10 hrs. (fares 4 fl. 30, 2 fl. 15, 1 fl. 45 kr.: up stream in 16 hrs.). Stations Alt-Kanizsa; Türkisch-Kanižsa; Zenta (p. 372); Ada; Mohol; Alt-Becse, with 16,850 inhab. (p. 372); Wew-Becse. On the right is the mouth of the Franzens-Canal (p. 360). Then Titel, a barge- building place, at the mouth of the Béga-Canal. At Theisseck we enter the Danube. Thence to Semlin, see p. 361. The train crosses the Theiss by a handsome iron bridge and enters the extensive and fertile plains of the Banat. Stations Szöregh, Oroszlámos, Walkány (branch-line to Perjámos and Varjas), Mokrin; 151/2 M. Gross-Kikinda (Hôtel Kasch; Kada; Rail. Rest.; pop. 22,768), capital of the Torontal County, on the Béga; Szt. Hubert, Hatzfeld (Hung. Zsombolya, with a château of Count Csakonics), Gyertyámos, Beregszó, Szakálháza. - 1871/2 M. Temesvár. — Hotels in the town: KRONPRINz Rudolf; HUN GARIA ; SIEBEN KURFüRSTEN; GoIDNER HIRSCH, R. from 80 kr. — In the suburb of Fabrik: GoLDNER PFAU, in the Hauptplatz. — In the suburb of Josefstadt: HACK's Hot EL, opposite the station, R. from 50 kr. — Cab from the Josefstadt Station to the inner town 40 kr. (at night 1 fl.), to Fabrik 80 kr. (at night 1 fl. 80 kr.), to Josefstadt 30 (at night 70) kr., to the Meierhöfe 80 (at night 1 fl. 80 kr.); with two horses 80, 40, 1 fl. 20 (at night 2 fl., 80, 2 fl. 50 kr.). — Tramway from the Josefstadt Station to the inner town 10 (at night 20) kr., to Fabrik 20 (at might 40) kr. — Omnibus to the Josefstadt 30 kr. ‘. Temesvár, the capital of the Comitat or County of Temes, the seat of a Roman Catholic and a Greek bishop, a busy trading and industrial town with 39,900 inhab. (19,000 Germans), lies in a plain on the Béga Canal (see above). At town already in the 13th cent., Temesvár was afterwards a strong fortress and played a pro- minent part in the Turkish wars. In 1716 it was retaken by Prince Eugene, and in 1743 was entirely refortified on Vauban's system. From 25th April to 9th Aug. 1849 it was besieged by the Hunga- rians under Vecsey and partly destroyed, and was then relieved by Haynau, who had defeated the remnant of the Hungarian army at Klein–Becskerek on 9th Aug. The inner town or Fortress is separated by a triple rampart and triple moats, with three gates, from the suburbs of Fabrik, Meierhöfe, and Josefstadt. The fortress is the oldest and most interesting quarter. Coming from the station, we enter the Peterwardein Gate, pass the Theatre built by Fellner to Orsova. ARAD. 62. Route, 367 (completed 1875, burned down 1880, restored 1882), and follow the Rudolfgasse to the PRINZ-EUGEN- or PARADE-PLATZ, a square surrounded with handsome buildings: on the S. side the Militär- Kommando (or palace of the commandant), on the W. side the General-Kommando (or war-office), on the N. side the Town Hall (with the Gymnasium and the new Synagogue on the left), on the E. side the new and the old Savings-Bank. In the centre rises a Gothic Column, 40 ft. high, by the Bohemian sculptor Max, erect- ed in 1851 by Emp. Francis Joseph to the brave defenders of the town in 1849. From this square the Hunyadygasse leads to the Losonczy- or Dowſ-PLATZ, in which rise the Komitats-Gebäude, the Museum (of antiquities, natural history, etc.), the Greek Catholic Bishop's Palace (on the left), and (on the right) the Roman Catholic Cathedral, built in 1735-57. Near this, in the Lenauplatz, is the Dikasterial-Gebäude (or tribunal, containing the post and telegraph offices). Farther S., by the Siebenbürger Thor (whence a tramway runs to the Stadtpark and the suburb of Fabrik), rise the huge Siebenbürgen Barracks. The Castle built by Hunyady in 1442 (near the Peterwardein Gate) is so altered that little of the original build- ing now remains. It is now an arsenal. Outside the Siebenbürgen Gate, by the suburb of Fabrik, is the pleasant Stadtpark; and out- side the Peterwardein Gate, towards the station, lies the Scudier Park (with a monument of Gen. Scudier). In the environs are the Jagd- wald, the Köpplinger Mühle, and the Lerchenfeld. — The chaly- beate baths of Buziás lie 21 M. to the E. (diligence from the Gold- ner Hirsch in 31/2 hrs., fare 2 fl.). FROM BUDAPEST To TEMEsváR BY ARAD (194!/2 M. : Theiss Railway, 103/4- 12 hrs.). As far as Szolnok, see R. 65. The line crosses the Theiss and follows the Klausenburg line to Szójol. 78 M. Puszta P6; 88. M. Mezö Túr (Krone), with 23,750 inhab. (Branch to, 10 M., Türkeve on the Berettyá, trading in grain, and, 13 M., Szarvas, with 22,504 inhab., on the Körös.) 403 M. Gyoma. (Branch to Kis Ujszállós.) 111 M. Mezö Berény, with 11,368 inhab.; 116 M. Békés-Földvár (whence a branch runs to Békés, capital of a county of that name, with 24,561 inhab. and extensive moor farms) ; 122 M. Csaba, with 35,000 inhab. (the largest Protestant place in Hungary), junction of the Alföld and Fiume line (Grosswardein and Es- Segg, R. 64). Stations Kigyos, with a fine château of Count Wenkheim ; Kétegyháza (whence branches to Mezöhegyes, p. 366, and Kis Jenö-Erdökegy, a large estate of Archd. Joseph); Lökeshdza, Kurtics, Sofronya. 8 M. Arad ( Weisses Kreuz, Hung. Fehér Kereszt; Palatin, Hung. Nador; Adler, Hung. Sás; Gold. Schlüssel, Hung. Arany Kules; Rail. Rest.; Tram to station 10 kr.: Cab to town 50 kr., drive in town of 1/4 hr. 20 kr., 1 hr. 70 kr.; with two horses to town 1 fl., drive in town of 1/2 hr. 50 kr., 1 hr. 1 fl. 70 kr., to the fortress 1 fl. 60 kr., to Neu-Arad 2 fl.), a town on the Maros, with 42,000 inhab., seat of a bishop, with many churches, monasteries, and schools, and brisk trade and river-traffic, is Sometimes called Alt-Arad ( 0 Arad) to distinguish it from Weu-Arad on the left bank of the Maros. The chief Platz contains a fine monument in memory of the battles of 1849. On the left bank of the river is the Fort- Tess, erected in 1763, and defended against the Hungarians by Gen. Berger 1Il 1819. On a meadow outside the fortress rises a monument to the Hungarian generals shot here. — From Arad to JKarlsburg and Hermann- stadt, see R. 76; to Szegedin, see p. 366. - (To the E. of Arad, 23 M. on the line to Gurahoncz, lies Világos, 368 Route 62. MEHA DIA. p., 409, memorable as the scene of Görgey’s capitulation on 13th Aug., 1849, which was followed by numerous executions, chiefly at Arad.) The line crosses the Maros. Stations Weu-Arad, Segenthau (Hung. Wéme: Sagh, with tobacco-fields), Winga (a free town, picturesquely situated), Orczi- dorf, Merczidorf, Szt. András; 194!/2 M. Temesvár. FROM TEMESVAR To BAZIAs (75 M.; rail in 4/2-7 hrs. ; fares 4 fl. 69, 3 fl. 73, 2 fl. 34 kr.). As to correspondence withs steamers at Báziás, en- quire at the Budapest station. Stations Sögh and Zsebely, where the Temes is crossed. From (21 M.) Vojtek a branch-line leads to Deutsch- (Hung. Német-)Bogsän (Hirsch, Gold. Adler), with iron-works, whence a narrow- gauge line runs to (3/4 hr.) Resicza (pop. 10,167), with coal and iron mines. – At (26 M.) Detta the train crosses the Berzava Canal; 35 M. Sztámora- Moravica. 461/2 M. Werschetz, Hung. Versec2 (Höffel Paris; International; Zwei Schlüssel), on the Theresien-Kanal, with 21,850 inhab., is prettily situated. Handsome parish-church. Productive vineyards. Near it is the Roman intrenchment (comp. p. 360), a rampart and trench which extend upwards of 60 M. to the N. "Remains of a Roman tower crown a hill above the town on the E. – 59 M. Jassenova. [Branch-line to (45 M.) Anina-Steyerdorf (6/4 hrs.). The line winds up to Jām, Radkasdia, and (24 M.) Oravicza (856 ft. ; Krone; cab to town 40 kr.; to Steyerdorf 2 fl., to Resicza 8 fl. ; pop. 4115, Germans and Roumanians), with gold, silver, and copper mines. (To the E., 4!/2 M., lies the pretty Summer resort Marilla, 2291 ft.) Stations Majdan, Lissava, Krassova (highest point on the line), and (45 M.) Anina (1930 ft.), which with Steyerdorf (2142 ft.), 2/2 M. to the S., is the centre of a great coal and iron-mining industry.] — 66 M. Weisskirchen, Hung. Fehértemplom (Traube; Krone; omn. 10, cab 50 kr.), º, ºuted among vineyards. 75 M. Báziás (Rail. Rest.; *Hôtel Bauer), See p. 363. - - - The train now follows the right bank of the Béga to Temesvár- Fabrik, Remete, Rékás, Topolovecz, and Belincz-Kiszetà, crosses the Béga, and enters the fertile valley of the Temes. 2251/2 M. Lugos (König von Ungarn), a prosperous town with 12,550 inhab., capital of the County of Krassov, and seat of a United Greek bishop, con- sists of Deutsch-Lugos on the left bank of the Temes and Romanisch- Lugos on the right. It formed the last seat of the Hungarian govern- ment in August, 1849. - 233 M. Gavosdia; 242 M. Kavarān-Szákul; 249 M. Karánsebes (Rail. Rest.; Grüner Baum; cab to the town 1 fl. 24 kr., omn. 30 kr.), capital of the Comitat of Szöreny, a small town at the influx of the Sebes into the Temes, and seat of a non-united Greek bishop, with 5500 inhab., chiefly Roumanians. Near it are the mines and foundries of Ferdinandsberg, Ruhleberg, and Ruzskitza. The valley of the Temes contracts. The train ascends more rapidly, and at Teregova leaves the Temes, which rises on the Semenik (4750 ft.), 15 M. to the W. At (273/2 M.) Porta Orientalis (1690 ft.) we reach the highest point of the line (tunnel of 1100 yds.), and then descend through picturesque scenery to Kornia (4162 ft.) and the valley of the Mehadica, in which lies (287 M.) Jablanicza (762 ft.). Entering the valley of the Bela, we next reach (291/2M.) Mehadia, the Roman colony Ad Mediam, a thriving little town with a few Roman remains. 294 M. Station Herculesbad, at the con- fluence of the Bela and the Cerna (omn. to the baths 60kr., carr. 2.fl.). A road leads from the station, crossing the Cerna by a suspension- bridge, to the Hercules-Bad, Hung. Hercules-Fürdő (519 ft. ; Ferdinands: Hof, Franzenshof, *Franz-Joséfs-Hof, *Rudolfshof, Kurhaus, &c.; several DEBRECZIN. 63. Route. 369 restaurants), beautifully situated in the romantic rocky ravine of the Cerna, 3 M. to the N.E. The numerous hot springs (125-146° Fahr.), which several inscriptions prove to have been known to the Romans (Thermae Herculis), relieve chronic rheumatism and other ailments. Some of them rise in the limestone rocks and are strongly impregnated with Sulphur; others, without mineral ingredients, resembling those of Gastein, rise in the granite. Of the latter the oldest and most copious is the Hercules Spring, which rises in a jet 18 inches thick. Handsome * Kursalon in the Byzantine style, containing concert-rooms, a café, etc.; on each side, under arcades, is the Bazaar. Baths in the Neue Bad, the Elisabethbad, etc. The valley is so deep and narrow that the Sun appears late and disappears early. The mornings and evenings are therefore pleasantly cool, even in the hottest weather. Pleasant paths traverse the grand valley in all direc- tions. (Carriages and saddle-horses on hire.) The line now traverses the charming Cerna Valley, with its vineyards and peach-Orchards, enclosed by mountains. Near stat. Toplecz are the remains of a Turkish aqueduct, many arches of which are still standing. 3051/2 M. Orsova (Rail. Rest.), the last station in Austria; custom-house examination for travellers from Roumania; the station is 1/4 M. from the steamboat-quay (cab 1 fl. 20 kr.); comp. p. 364. We now cross the frontier to (3081/2 M.) Werciorova (*Rail. Rest.), terminus of the Austro-Hungarian Rail- way, and custom-house station for travellers entering Roumania. FROM VERCIORov.A. To BUCHAREST (2371/2 M.; rail in 9-111/2 hrs.). The train follows the left bank of the Danube and leads through the Iron Gates (p. 364) to Skela Gladova and (11 M.) Turn-Severin (Europe), a busy Rou- manian town, with the remains of the grand bridge of Trajan and other Roman relics. Then by Krajowa, Slatina, Piteshti, and Titu to Bucha- Test (p. 421). 63. From Budapest to Debreczin, Szatmár, and - Máramaros Sziget. 275 M. RAILwAY (Theiss Line and Hungarian N.E. Railway) in 131/2 hrs. To (451/2 M.) Czegléd, see p. 365; to (111.M.) Püspök-Ladány, see p. 874. The line traverses dreary, sandy plains, the country of the Hajduks. Stations Kaba, Szoboszló, and Ebes. 1371/2 M. Debreczin (*Weisses Ross; Frohner; Krone, R. 4 fl.; steam-tramway to the town), an important commercial town with 57,000 inhab., chiefly Protestants, lies in a sandy, but fertile plain. The Prot. College for students of theology and law, one of the most frequented in Hungary (2000 stud.), founded in 1531, possesses a library of 100,000 vols., a botanic garden with palm-house, and various collections. At the end of the broad street leading from the station into the town is a large Protest. Church, from the pulpit of which, on 14th April, 1849, Kossuth proclaimed the overthrow of the Hapsburg dynasty. In the promenade beyond the church are a bronze statue to the popular Hungarian poet Csokonay, and a monument (dying lion on a pedestal of rock) to the Honvéds who fell at the battle of Debreczin on 2nd Aug. 1849. The town has two other Prot. churches, a Roman Catholic Church, with two hand- Some towers, and a handsome Theatre. The four annual Fairs, held BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. 24 370 Route 63. SZATMAR. in the suburb of Ispotály, are important, and the horse-market is famous. The town is connected by eight gates with the suburbs, around which extends a vast plain. — In the Grosse Wald, to the N. of the town, is a Bad, much visited in summer. Branch-line (351/2 M., in 3 hrs.) to Bild Szt. Mihály, to the N.W., in the plain of the Theiss. FROM DEBRECZIN To MISKolcz (85. M.; rail in 5 hrs.). This line runs to the N. across the vast plain of the Hajduks. Stations Hadház, Téglós, Uj- Fehérto (on a small lake, to the left); 31 M. Nyiregyháza (Lambert ; Mayer; pop. 27,000), junction for Csap and Unghvār, to the N.E. (p. 373), and for Wagy Kálló, Nyirbator, and (35 M.) Mátészalka, to the S.E. On a salt pond, 11/2 M. to the E., lie the unpretending baths of Sóstó, beneficial in cases of rheumatism and scrofula. To the N.W. of (40 M.) Királytelek the Hegyallja Mts. become visible; to the S. is the isolated hill of Tokaj. Beyond (46!/2 M.) Rakamaz the line traverses a plain, wooded at places, and flooded in spring, by means of a lofty embankment, and crosses the Theiss. 50/2 M. Tokaj (Adler, Hung. Sas; pop. 4800), far famed for its wine, lies at the confluence of the Bodrog and Theiss. The Hegyalja Mts., the S. spur of which is the hill of Tokaj, yield about 31/2 million gallons of Tokaj wine annually (the five qualities of which are known as Essenz, Aus- bruch, Masslasch, Szamarodny, and Ordinari). Besides Tokaj, the neigh- bouring towns of Mād, Tálya, and Tarczal are also noted for their wines. The fame of the wines of Tokaj is due to the excellence of the soil (‘nyi- rok”, or disintegrated trachyte) and of the species of grapes (“formint"), and also to the extreme care bestowed on the vineyards and on the process of wine-making. King Bela IV. is said to have introduced the vine, as well as vine-dressers, from Italy in the 13th century. Many of the vineyards be- long to government. The wine produced in this district, including the genuine Tokaj, averages 18 million gallons annually. The line skirts the S. side of the Tokaj hill, which is vine-clad to a height of 270 ft. Stations Tarczal, Mád-Zombor, Szerencs, with a château of the Rákóczy family (junction for Sátoralja-Ujhely, 281/2 M., in 11/2-2 hrs. ; see p. 378), Harkdny, Tisza-Lucz. The line crosses the Hernád, and at (82 M.) Zsolcza reaches the Pest and Kaschau line (R. 66), 85 M. Mis- kolcz (p. 375). - As Stations Vámos-Péres (a town of the Hajduks), Er-Mihályfalva (branch to Grosswardein, see p. 374), Szaniszló. Fertile country, owned chiefly by Count Károlyi. 181 M. Nagy-Károly (Hirsch; pop. 13,500), with a château and park of Count Károlyi, capital of the Szatmár County (junction for Sarmaság, Zilah, and Szilágy- Somly6). We next traverse the marshy plain of the Kraszna. 490 M. Kis Majtény. 2031/2 M. Szatmár-Németi (Rail. Rest.; Krone; pop. 20,700), a royal free town, founded by Queen Gisela early in the 14th cent. as a German colony, lies on both banks of the Szamos. In the mar- ket-place rises the handsome Cathedral, with its dome and Corin- thian portico. In front of it is a marble bust of the Hungarian poet Kölscey. - To NAGYBANYA, 38 M., branch in 3-31/2 hrs., by Udvari, Aranyos Med- gyes (with castle of 13th cent.), Apa, and Szényérváralja (on the S. slope of the Avás, station for the baths of Bikszád, Túrvekony, both with alka- line-muriatic Springs, and Vamfalº Büdossár, with sulphur-springs). 38 M. Nagybánya (carr. to town 60 or 40 kr.), formerly Frauenbach, Hung. Ass- ronypatak, a royal free town with 9800 inhab., was founded in the 11th cent. as a Saxon colony. Mining and the vine-culture are the industries here. Pleasant grounds in the Stadtwäldchen, and fine view from the Kreuzberg. Excursions: through the Fermezel valley with its foundries, º IMARAMAROS SZIGET. 63. Route. 371 across the Polyana Izword, and to the top of the Rozsály (4583 ft.); to Felsőbánya, a mining town with 5758 inhab., the sulphur-baths of Bajfalu, and Kapnikbdnya; thence either across the Guttin (4750 ft.) and by the sulphur-baths of Bréb to Máramaros Sziget, or by the Rotunda (3486 ft.) and through the valley of Sztrimbuli to Tökés in Transylvania. (Ascent of the Czibles, see p. 372.) We now traverse a swampy plain and approach the spurs of the Carpathians. Stations Mikola, Halmi, Fekete Ardó (with an old church containing frescoes). 234 M. Királyháza (Rail. Rest), junc- tion of the line from Kaschau (R. 67). On an isolated hill is the ruin of Királyháza or Nyalabvár. We cross the Theiss, and ascend to its sources in the County of Máramaros, a basin of the principal chain of the Carpathians. The narrow ravine near Vörösmárt is very picturesque. Near (246.M.) Huszt are the ruins of the castle of that name, of the 11th cent., destroyed by lightning in 1766. 253 M. Bustyaháza, station for Bad Visk on the opposite bank of the Theiss, with its chalybeate, alkaline, and muriatic spring (carr. in 1 hr., 2 fl. ; to Técső 3-4 fl.), amidst beautiful beech-forest. 258M. Técső, with cement and glass works. 2621/2 M. Taraczkóz, junction of a goods-line to Nyeresmicze in the valley of the Taracz and Teresel- patak in the valley of the Kobila. 275 M. Māramaros Sziget (Krone; Jägerhorn, R. from 4 f.; cab from station to town 80 kr., at night 1 fl. ; omn. 20, at night 25 kr. ; carr. per day 6 fl. ; pop. 14,800), capital of the Comitat of Máramaros, is beautifully situated at the influx of the Iza into the Theiss. To the E. rise the wooded Carpathians, usually capped with snow. The fairs annually held here present a curious mixture of nationalities (chiefly Ruthenians, also Roumanians, Germans, Magyars, Gipsies, Slovaks, Armenians, etc.). The wooded and mountainous ENVIRONs, which abound in game (in- cluding the bear and the lynx), are very picturesque, and may be safely explored, though less comfortably than the Tätra. Information as to guides and horses may be obtained from the local magistrates, the fores- ters, or the curés; also from Herr Karl Siegmeth at Sátoralja-Ujhely, in- spector of the N. Hungarian Railway and vice-president of the E. Car- pathian mountaineering club. - The neighbouring Salt Mines, which have been worked for centuries, deserve a visit. At Akna Szlatina (carr. 1 fl; there and back 21/2-3 fl. ; permission at the mining office, each person 40 kr.) is the Kunigun de Miné (shown 7-11 a.m.; electric light). At Rónaszék (reached by the salt-rail- way on Mon., Wed., Frid. in 18/4 hr., or by carr. in half-a-day) is the Apaffy Mine, with a subterranean salt lake 292 ft. deep. We may also visit Sugatag (salt-railway on Tues., Thurs., Sat. in 18/4 hr.), go through the Iza valley to the baths of Bréb, and ascend the Guttin (see above). The Sources of the Theiss (3-4 days) may be visited by ascending the valley of the Theiss to Bocská — (whence a road to the left leads to the finely situated chalybeate baths of Kabola Polyana, from which we may ride in 4 hrs. to the top of the Opressa, 4870 ft., a superb point of view) - to Lonka (with a shooting-lodge of the late Crown Prince Rudolph), to Rónapolyana (at the influx of the Viss6 into the Theiss), and to the disused iron-works of Trebusa-Feherpaſak (*Inn; ascent of Popp Ivan and Hoverla, See below). Then by a good road (the ‘Magyar Road') to Bocsko-Rahó, the Small baths of Borkºt Kvassi, and (20 M. from M.-Sziget) Körösmezö (Inn of Frau Hansulovits), near which are petroleum-springs. Thence (4!/2 hrs., 24% 372 Route 64. MARIA-THERESTOPEL. bridle-path; or drive as far as the Absinecz-Klause) through the valley of the Tiszsora or Black Theiss to the top of the Okola (with club-hut) and to the Sources of the Theiss. Return by the same route. Or follow the valley of the Turbat to the (4 hrs.) Turbatklause (bed at the forester's), and go by Brustura to (4!/2 hrs.) Königsfeld (Királymező), a small German bath. A little above it, to the right, is the colony of Deutsch-Mokra (fores- ter’s house). Excursion to the Deutsche Alpe (£038 ft.) with its dairy-farm. From Trebusa (see above) we may ascend the three-peaked Popp Ivan (6366 ft.): 1st day, ride in 6 hrs. to the refuge-hut (sleep); 2nd day, walk to the top in 11/2 hr. (extensive view). Descent across the Berlebacska to the Klause or timber-dam in the valley of the Kvaszni, and to Bogdan or Luhi (bed at the forester's). Bridle-path thence nearly to the (6 hrs.) summit of the Hoverla (6843 ft.). Descent by the Kozmiecsek-Klause to Rörösmezö (see above). To the E. of Rónapolyana (see above) opens the interesting Vissó Valley. At (7 hrs. drive) Felsö Viss6, to the left, diverges the romantic Wasserthal, which leads by Fajna (forester's house) to the primitive chaly- beate baths of Suliguli. Thence across the Torojaga (6363 ft.) or through the Katamara Valley (with pyrite-mines) and the Czisla Valley (with the Alexander-Quelle) to Borsabanya. — Beyond Felsö Viss6 is (3 M.) Mois?in, starting-point for the ascent (6 hrs.) of the Buhajeska (6780 ft.) and the Pietrosz (7563 ft.), the highest of the Máramaros Mts. (for experts only ; a night in the open air). Descent to Borsa (bed at the postmaster's). Good road thence over the Priszlop (4653 ft.) to the valley of the Goldene Bis- tritz. About 11 M. beyond the pass the road to Rodna diverges to the right. Passing Kirlibaba we descend the Bistritz valley to Jacobeni on the Bistritz and Suczawa road (p. 420). To the S. of Máramaros Sziget the Iza Valley (carr. in 7 hrs.) leads to Dragomérfalva. Thence ascend to the Karls-Refuge and the (3 hrs.) top of the Czibles (5716 ft. ; grand view). Back the same way, or descend to Tökés and Kapnikbānya (p. 371), or to Oláh Lapos in Transylvania (see p. 419). - . - 64. From Grosswardein to Essegg and Willány. 243 M. RAILwAY (Alföld-Fiume Line) in 201/2 hrs. ; fares 8 fl., 5 fl. 80 kr., 4 fl. - - . Grosswardein, see p. 374. The line crosses the Körös. Scenery unattractive. Stations Less, Cseja, Szalonta (a large village with 12,650 inhab.; near it the ruined castle of Béla), Kötegyán, Sarkad. We now traverse the extensive swamps of the Körös. 451/2 M. Gyula (a town with 19,990 inhab. and two châteaux of Count Wenkheim); 551/2 M. Csaba (Rail. Rest.; junction of the Szolnok and Arad line, p. 367). . - - . . . Stations Gerendás, Csorvás, Orosháza (pop. 18,038), Sámson, Kutvölgy, Hód Mezö Vásárhely (Schwarzer Adler, Hung. Fekete Sás; Hirsch, Hung. Szarvas), a town with 55,500 inhab. At (105 M.) Algyö we cross the Theiss. 111 M. Szegedin (p. 365), junction of the Pest and Temesvár line (R. 62). | 423 M. Horgos (junction for Zenta, a town of 24,000 inhab., where Prince Eugene defeated the Turks in 1697, and Alt-Beese on the Theiss, see p. 366); 134 M. Palics, with favourite salt-baths, on the lake of that name, which is well stocked with fish, 1861/2 M. Maria-Theresiopel, Hung. Szabadka (Stadt Pest; Lamm; cab to town 1 fl. 20 kr.; in the town, 1/4 hr., 50 kr.), an agricultural town with 72,700 inhab. (many Servians), resembling a large village, in ESSEGG, . . 64. Route. 373 the Bácska, the richest corn-district of Hungary. This is the junc- tion of the Pest and Belgrade line (R. 61); branch to (371/2 M.) Baja, see p. 359. Stations Tavankut, Bajmok, Militics. 173 M. Zombor (Jägerhorn, Hung. Vadászkurt), capital of the Bácska, a straggling town with 26,400 inhab. , thoroughly Hungarian, with unpaved streets, sandy and dusty in dry weather and atrociously muddy in wet. The line crosses the Franzens-Kamal (p. 360). Stations Priglevitza Szt. Iván, Szonta, Gombos-Bogojevo (Rail. Rest., where we cross the Danube by a steam-ferry), Erdöd (p. 360; a Slavonic village, with a ruined castle ; near it a château of Count Palffy). 1991/2 M. Dälja (Rail. Rest.), also on the Danube (p. 360). FROM DALJA..To BosNisch-BROD (64!/2. M.; rail in 33/4 hrs. ; fares 3 fl. 50, 2 fl. 80, 1 fl. 75 kr.). We follow the fight bank of the Danube to (10 M.) Vukovár, at the influx of the Vuka into the Danube (p. 360), and then turn to the W. Small stations. Staple products, dried plums and sliwowitz, or pium-brandy. From (191/2 M.) Win.covce a branch goes to (31 M.) Gunja- Bréka on the Save (p. 355). Next stations: 26 M. Ivankova; 3912 M. Wrpolje (branch to Samac), beyond which the Dill Mts. appear on the right; 46 M. Andréevce. 60 M. Slavonisch-Brod (Edward; Gelbes Haus; at both, R., L., A. 1 fl. 40, omn. 70 kr.: Rail. Rest.), the ancient Marsonia, a town and fortress with 5300 inhab., lies on the left bank of the Save. It is a station of the Save steamers (p. 355) and a great depôt of the trade of Bosnia. Above the town are the small fortress and the railway and road bridge. The train crosses the Save. 64!/2 M. Bosnisch- or Bosna-Brod (p. 355), a vill- age on the right bank of the Save, junction of the line to Sarajevo (R. 85). 206 M. Dráva-Szarvas. 2151/2 M. Essegg, Hung. Eszék (Hôtel de l’Europe, R. from 80 kr. ; Goldnes Kreuz, Hung. Arany Kereszt; Wolf, Hung. Farkas; pop. 19,600), a town on the right bank of the Drave, the Roman Mursa, is the capital of the Verócz County, and of Slavonia. It was frequently destroyed in the Turkish wars, so that few old buildings are left. The town consists of four parts, the upper, the lower, the new town, and the fortress. In the lower town is the handsome Comitatshaus. – Steamboat on the Drave, see p. 360. The train crosses the Drave, and turns to the N.W. Stations: Dárda, Laskafálva, Baranyavār-Monostor (with the ruins of a Tur- kish fort), Magyar Boly. 243 M. Villány (p. 358). 65. From Budapest to Klausenburg. 2481/2. M. RAILwAY in 81/2-13 hrs. ; fares 8 fl., 5 fl. 80 kr., 4 fl. To (6 M.) Rákos; see p. 375. Eight small stations. The ninth is Ujszász, with Baron Orczy's stud (branch to Hatvan, p. 379; to Jász-Apáti, with its large stud, 20 M., rail in 24/2 hrs.). 63 M. Szolnok (König von Ungarn; Krone; Rail. Rest.; pop. 20,700) lies at the confluence of the Theiss and the small Zagyva. Large salt-magazines, important timber-traffic, and brisk navigation. To SZENTEs, 48 M., branch by Kun Szt. Mārton in 41/2-5 hrs. - STEAMER on the Theiss, up to Tiszafüred and down to Szegedin (p. 365) twice a week. — To Arad and Temesvár, see R. 62. - . The train crosses the Theiss. 691), M. Szajol (where the Arad line diverges, p. 367). Stations Török Szt. Miklós, Fegyvernek (with an estate and stud of Baron Baldacsy), Kis-Ujszállás (junction of the 374 Route 65. GROSSWARDEIN, line from Gyoma, p. 367, to Kačl-Kápolna and Kis Terenne, p. 379), Karczag. 111 M. Püspök-Ladány (Rail. Rest.), junction for De- breezin (R. 63). A monotonous plain is now traversed. Four stations. Then Mező-Keresztes, where a great battle with the Turks was fought in 1596. Beyond Bors, in the distance, appear the hills of Gross- wardein, the spurs of the Transylvanian Carpathians. 453 M. Grosswardein, Hung. Nagyvárad (*Schwarzer Adler, Hung. Fekete Sas, R. from 1 fl. ; *Grüner Baum, Hung. Zöldfa, same charges; Lamm, Hung. Barany, moderate; Apollo; Wöber, nearest the station; Rail. Rest. ; cab to station 50 kr., at night 4 fl.; in town, 1/4 hr. 20, 1/2 hr. 30, 4 hr. 60 kr. ; with two horses, to station 80 kr., at night 2 fl. ; to Feliabad and Bischofsbad 44/2 or 24/2 fl.), a pleasant town with 38,250 inhab., on both banks of the Rörös, which is crossed by two bridges, consists of the inner town and three suburbs, the Várad-Olaszí, Várad- Velencze, and Váralja. One of the oldest towns in Hungary, destroyed by the Tartars in the 13th cent., under Turkish rule in 1663-92, and temporary seat of the Hungarian government in 1849, it is now the residence of three bishops, a Roman Catholic, a Greek, and a Greek Orthodox. The palace of the Romish bishop in Várad-Olaszº is a handsome rococo structure, adjoining the tasteless Cathedral of last century. In the Stadtplatz are the two Greek cathedrals and the small church of St. Ladislaw. The Calvary Church, with dome and semicircular colon- nades, on a height 1/2 hr. N.E., commands a fine view. The slopes to the N. and E. of the town yield excellent wine. At Haj6, 61/2 M. to the S. (rail. in 1/2 hr., see below), are the Felia and the Bishop's Baths (Hung. Felix és Püspök-Fürdő), which were known to the Romans. Warm springs, 92–103°Fahr., without mineral ingredients. To ER-MIHALYFALVA (41. M.; rail in 41/2 hrs.). The train skirts vine- clad hills. Stations Várad-Püspöki, Bihar, Ér-Diószeg, and Székelyhid (branch to, Margija). Then through the wine-growing Erméllek to Er-Selind and (41 M.) Fr. Mihályfalva (p. 370). From Grosswardein to Essegg and Villány, see R. 64. — To Kół, 33 M. to the S.E., in the valley of the Schnelle Körös, rail in 3 hrs. FROM GRosswardEIN To VASKoH (68 M.; rail in 71/2 hrs.). Stations Värad-Velencze, Felia:-Fürdő (see above), Magyar-Gyepes, Szombatsag-Rogoz (branch to Dobrest). At (371/2 M.) Gyánta we rech the Fekete Körös, which we follow to Belényes-Ujlak, Belényes, Szudrics, and (68 M.) Vaskoh, pictur- esquely situated at the base of the Bihar (6070 ft.). - The train crosses the Körös, the valley of which it now follows. Scenery more attractive. Stations Várad-Velencze, Mezö–Telegd, Elesd, Rév. The engineering of the line here is interesting; tunnels, cuttings, bridges in rapid succession. 191 M. Brátka; near it, at Baulaka, a large stalactite cavern. 197 M. Bucsa, 204 M. Csucsa (first station in Transylvania), 208 M. Kis-Sebes, 2174/2 M. Bánffy- Hunyad (fine view of the lofty Vlégyasza to the right). The line. ascends in long bends, affording fine views, and beyond a long tun- nel and a lofty viaduct descends into the Nádas Valley. Stations Jegenye, Egeres(with an old château), Magyar-Gorbó, Magyar–Nádas, 2481/2 M. Klausenburg, Hung. Kolozsvár, see p. 417. 375 66. From Budapest to Kaschau and Eperjes. RAILWAY to Kaschau, 1691/2, M., in 6-71/2 hrs. (fares 8 fl., 5 fl. 80 kr., A ſl.); from Kaschau to Eperjes, 201ſ., in 11/4 hr. (fares 1 fl., 80 kr., 50 kr.). Budapest, see p. 337. We start from the Central Station. The train passes the cemetery and the Hungarian railway-workshops. 3 M. Steinbruch, Hung. Köbánya, with breweries and a huge pig-fatten– ing farm (szállás). We cross the plain of Rákos (p. 346). 6 M. Rákos, junction for Klausenburg (R. 65). Then Rákos-Keresztúr, Rákos-Csaba, Péczel, Isaszegh (where Prince Windischgrätz was de- feated by the Hungarians under Görgey and Klapka in 1849). 23 M. Gödöllö, with a royal château and beautiful park. The country be- comes hilly; the train ascends in a long bend, and crosses the water- shed between the Danube and the Theiss. On a height to the left lies the monastery of Besnyé, a resort of pilgrims. 33 M. Aszód, with a château of Baron Podmanizky ; 39 M. Tura. 43 M. Hatvan (*Rail. Rest.; Hôtel Elisabeth), a small town on the Zagyva, with a château of Prince Grassalkovich, junction for Oderberg (p. 379). To SzoLNOK, 42 M., rail in 3 hrs., vià Jászberény, a market-town on the Zagyva. Szolnok, see p. 373. 56 M. Vámos-Györk. BRANCH (8 M. ; in 35-40 min.) to Gyöngyös (Krone; Lamm; Engel; pop. 15,896), at the base of the volcanic Mátra, which extends from this point to Erlau, and yields the excellent Erlauer wine (Hung. Egribor). Brisk trade in wine and grain. (Carr. and pair 1 fl. per hour; whole day 4 fl.) To the N., 3/4 hr., lies Bene (1115 ft.), a health-resort, whence the Kékes (3314 ft.), the highest peak of the Mátra, it ascended by a good path in 31/2 hrs. (Tower with fine view.) 59 M. Adács; 62 M. Karáksond; 641/2 M. Ludas; 72 M. Kaal- Kápolna (with tobacco-fields; junction of the line from Kis-Uj- szállás to Kis-Terenne, p. 379); 791/2 M. Fūzes-Abony. BRANCH LINE in 3/4 hr. to (10/2 M.) Erlau, Hung. Eger (*Krome, R. from 70 kr.: Storch), an ancient archiepiscopal town with 22,200 inhab., once fortified. In 1552 it sustained a memorable siege from the Turks, but was saved by the heroic conduct of the women. In 1596–1687 it fell under Turkish sway. Large modern Cathedral in the Italian style, erected by Archbishop Pyrker (d. 1847), with a handsome dome, and Corinthian porticoes at the W. front and at the ends of the transepts. The interior, borne by green marble columns with white capitals, is peculiar. The Lyceum, with a library and well-organised observatory, was erected by Archb. Esterházy in 1785. The town contains numerous churches, mon- asteries, Schools, and charities. Opposite the church of the Brothers of Mercy is the fine Minaret, 115 ft. high, of an old mosque. Near the archi- episcopal park are the Bishop's and the Rascian Baths, well fitted up, with warm springs used as a remedy for cutaneous diseases. To the N.E., on a spur of the Almögy, is a ruined castle, converted by Pyrker into a Calvary and laid out in grounds, in which are the tombstone and a monument of Dobó, the gallant defender of Erlau against the Turks. Stations Mezö-Kövesd, Keresztes–Nyárád, Emöd, Nyék-Ládháza. 113 M. Miskolcz (Ungarische Krone; Drei Rosen; Stadt Pest; Rail. Rest.; pop. 30,500), a busy trading town, capital of the County of Borsod, with seven churches (St. Stephen's, late-Gothic, 13th cent.), lies prettily at the mouth of the Szinva Valley. Large cellars in the Avashegy, a hill above the town. 376 Route 66. KASCHAU, Charming excursion, past the government railway-works (Vasgyőr), to (5 M.) *Diósgyőr, picturesquely situated in the Szinva Valley, at the foot of the Bükk, with a ruined castle. About 1/2 M. beyond the village begins a romantic *Ravine, watered by the brawling Garadna, and containing numerous stamping-mills. (To the colony of Felsö Hämor 1/2 hr.) — The baths of Tapolcza (plain, but good, R. from 30 kr.), with warm Springs rising in a pond, lie 3/2 M. to the S.W. of Miskolcz. From Miskolcz to Fillek and Rosenau (*Aggtelek Cavern), see R. 69 ; to Debreczán and Budapest, see p. 370. - The line crosses the Saj6, an affluent of the Hernad. 118 M. Zsol- cza, junction of the Debreczin line (R. 63). The picturesque valley of the Hernad is now traversed. Stations Onga, Szikszó, Halmaj, Csobád, Forró-Encs. To the right the Hegyalja Mts., the E. slopes of which produce the famous Tokaj (comp. p. 370), with several ruined castles. Stations Garadna (with a château of Count Pechy), Hidas-Németi, Abau.jvár, Csány. - 170 M. Kaschau, Hung. Kassa (*Hôtel Schalkház, with garden; *Schiffbeck; Széchényi; Cafés Schalkház and Herdiczky, also con- fectioners; cab to town 1 fl., but pleasanter to walk through the Széchenyi grounds; drive of 1/2 hr. 50 kr., whole day 5–6 fl.), an ancient royal free town with 29,200 inhab., on the right bank of the Hernad, consists of the regularly-built inner town, formerly a fortress, and three suburbs separated from it by a broad glacis. The town is the seat of various civil and military authorities, and carries on a brisk trade. The chief building is the *Church of St. Elizabeth, the finest Gothic church in Hungary, begun from designs by the French architect Willard d'Honnecourt in the reign of Andreas III. (1290–1301), and completed under Lewis I., in 1342–82, with double aisles, a polygonal choir, and two unfinished towers (the higher, to the N., covered with an unsightly modern roof). The W. and N. portals are adorned with statues and sculpturing in the best Gothic style (beginning of 14th cent.). In the interior is a magnificent canopy of the richest open-work, 66 ft. high, executed by Stephen Crom in 1472. Good modern stained glass. The late-Gothic high- altar, with four wings, is adorned with 48 early German paintings on a gold ground, attributed to Wohlgemuth. Adjacent to the S. portal is the staircase ascending to the roof, which is surrounded by an elegant open balustrade. The church has been under repair since 1877. The church of St. Michael, in the transition style of the 13th cent., has a graceful tower; the Franciscan is now the Garrison Church; the Dominican has damaged frescoes; the new Protestant Church is covered with a lofty dome. The Upper Hungarian Mu- seum (adm. on Sun. 10-4, free; on Wed. 10–1, 20 kr.; at other times on application to the secretary) contains an interesting col- lection of antiquities and coins, a cabinet of natural history, and a library. The Theatre is the oldest in Hungary. . The ENVIRONS of Kaschau are rich in mineral springs. Among the hills, 3 M. to the N.W., are the baths of Bankó (carr. 11/2 fl. ; or a pleasant walk through the Cze?'mely Valley). — To the N. are the small sulphur- baths of Ludwigsquelle (cab or omnibus in 1/2 hr.), near Tihany, a station EPERJES. 66. Route. 377 on the Kaschau and Eperjes railway (see below). — To the N.E. (12/2 M. ; carr. in 3 hrs., 5-6 fl.) lies Ránk-Herlein (1287 ft. ; Restaur.), with an in- termittent chalybeate spring, which from a depth of 1300 ft. sends forth a jet 60 ft. high every 6 hrs. — To the S., between Csany and Alsó Myslye (station on the Miskolcz and Szerencz railway, see below), lies Alsó Kéked, with its tepid sulphur-spring. FROM KAscHAU To Torn A, 21/2 M., a drive of 31/2 hrs., by (5!/2 M.) Szepsi and the Premonstratensian abbey of Jās26 (with its valuable archi- ves and a fine stalactite grotto lately made accessible). Torna (Göbel, clean; carriages) lies picturesquely at the foot of the Ruinenberg, with its ruin said to date from the 13th cent. Near it are Several interesting valleys and caves, where prehistoric antiquities have been found. Thus, to the right, the romantic *Szádelló Valley near Szádelló (1/2 hr.), and the Valley of Aj near Falucska, a narrow gorge crossed by the Ordóghid (‘devil's bridge", requiring a steady head). Half-a-day there and back. From Torna, we may go to the W. (carriages daily, 6-7 fl.) to K'aszna- horka (p. 382) and Rosenau (see p. 382), and to the S.W. by Szin and Józsafó to Aggtelek (see p. 382). Stations Tihany, Szt. István, and (179 M.) Abos, junction of the Kaschau and Oderberg line (p. 378). The line to Eperjes crosses the Swinka by a lofty bridge and passes through the village of Abos in a deep cutting, beyond which we obtain a pleasing view of the fertile valley of the Tarcza. Stations Lemes, Kende. 1891/9 M. Eperjes (Hôtel Stamm; pop. 10,400), an old town on the Tarcza, still surrounded by walls, the capital of the County of Sáros, with several mediaeval buildings, has been almost entirely re-erected since a great fire in 1887. The Calvarienberg on the S.W. side of the town commands a fine view. The strong saline spring and salt-works of Soóvár lie 11/2 M. to the S. . . . To the N. of Eperjes (211/2 M. ; carr. in 41/2 hrs, 6-7 fl.), lies Bartfeld (Casino; pop. 5403), a very ancient town, with a handsome Rathhaus of the 15th cent. The Gothic church of St. Ægidius, of the 14th cent. (under- going restoration), contains finely carved choir-stalls and altars of the 15th and 16th centuries. – The baths of Bartfeld (R. in the Kurhaus from 80 kr.), 11/2 M. to the N., formerly much patronised by the Hungarian and Polish aristocracy, have a strong chalybeate spring, impregnated with carbonic acid, used for drinking and bathing. Beautiful walks in the pine-forests. FROM EPERJEs To NEU-SANDEC, 73 M., rail in 31/2 hrs., by Nagy Sáros (with famous opal-mines) and Orlö (Hungarian frontier, station for New- Lublau, 4 M. off, a chalybeate bath used by anaemic patients). Then (411/2 M.) Muszyna, station for the baths of Krynica (three hotels and numerous lodg- ing-houses) in Galicia, 5 M. to the N.E., with elegant public rooms, fre- quented by the Polish and Russian nobility. 50 M. Zegiestów, another small bath, prettily situated. 70M. Alt-Sandec, whence a diligence runs twice daily in summer (in 51/2 hrs. ; 3 fl.) to (27 M.) Szczawnica (Hôt. Gawronskich; Zum Attila; Casino), another watering-place on the N. slopes of the Carpathians, with alkaline-muriatic springs (4000 patients). 73 M. Wew-Sandec (p. 405). 67. From Kaschau to Máramaros Sziget. 163 M. RAILwAY in 10 hrs. ; fares 8 fl., 5 fl. 80, 4 fl. Kaschau, see p. 376. The line runs at first parallel with the railway to Miskolcz (p. 376), then turns to the left, crosses the Hernad and the Tarcza, and at (91/2 M.) Alsó Myslye begins to ascend the trachyte hill of Eperjes and Tokaj. Pleasing scenery, with many conical hills. On an eminence to the right of (19 M.) Nagy- 378 Route 67. MUNKACs. Szálancs is the ruined castle of Szálancs, with a well-preserved tower; to the left is a château of Count Forgách. Stations Kozma and (301/2 M.) Legenye-Mihály (Rail. Rest.). - - To PRzEMysL (165!/2 M.; rail in 10 hrs.). 11 M. Tàke-Terebes, with a château of Countess Andrássy; a road leads hence to the W. over the Dargo Pass to Ránk (p. 377; a drive of 3-4 hrs.). 25 M. Wagy-Mihály (Widder; carr. to town 60 kr., per day 5 fl.), with a château of Count Sztáray. The château of Vinna, on an isolated hill to the N.E. (carr. in hr., 2 fl.), commands a fine view. Attractive excursion: drive in 11/2 hr. to Bad Josza; bridle-path to the (2 hrs.) Antal Refuge of the Hung. Car- pathian Club ; ascend in 20 min. to the top of the Vihorlat (3526 ft.), a superb point of view; then by a good path to the Szinna Stone (3304 ft.), two curious trachyte rocks; at their base lies the Morske Oko or Beskiden- Meerauge (2028 ft.), a fine mountain-lake. Descend past the outlet of the lake to the iron-works of Felsö-Remete, Szobráncz, and Unghvār (see below) or Wagy Mihály, or to Sziºna and through the broad Cziº'oka Valley to Homon na (see below). The train passes the ruins of (1.) Barkó and (r.) Jeszenö. 40 M. Ho- monna, with a château of Count Andrássy. We now ascend the ravine of the Laborcz. 65 M. Mezö-Laborcz (Rail. Rest.), whence we ascend rap- idly to the hill which forms the Galician frontier. 671/2 M. Vidràny, the last Hungarian station. At (77. M.) Lupkow a tunnel I/4 M. long. We then descend into the Oslawa Valley, to Szczawne (near wich is the health- º of Kulaszne) and (1051/2 M.) Neu-Zagórz (p. 404). 1651/2 M. Przemysl (p. 400). - On the right rises the finely-shaped Sátorhegy (‘tent hill’). 401/2 M. Sátoralja-Ujhely (Rail. Rest.; König von Ungarn; Jäger- horn; Casino), a wine-growing place, with 13,000 inhab., capital. of the County of Zemplin and junction for the railway to Szerencs (p. 370). Near it is Széphalom (cab 11/2 fl.), with the tomb of the Hungarian poet Kazinczy (d. 1831). The train now enters the Bodrogköz, or plain of the Bodrog, which it crosses near (474/2 M.) Szomotor; to the right is the ruin of Nagy-Kövesd. To the S., between the Bodrog and the Theiss, stretches a vast marshy expanse, called the Hosszú Rét. Stations Nagy-Géres; 551/2 M. Perbenyik, with château and park of Count Majláth; 58 M. Bély, to the left of which is the Premonstraten- sian abbey of Lelesz; 65 M. Csap (Rail. Rest.), the junction for the Nyiregyháza and Unghvār railway (p. 370). - To the N. (13 M.; rail in 51 min.) lies Unghvār (Krone; cab to town 80 kr., per day 6 fl.), an old town on the Ungh, with 11,850 inhab., capital of a county of the same name, the seat of a Greek Catholic bishop, with important potteries. The loftily situated castle, once strongly forti- fied, and now a Seminary, commands a fine survey of the mountains and of the boundless plain to the S. — To the N.W. (9 M.) are the sulphur- baths of Szöbrancz. We may ascend the valley of the Ungh to (3/4 hr.) the ruin of Nyeviczke, with a fine park, and skirt the Galician frontier (a drive of 9 hrs.) to the baths of Uzsök (near which are petroleum springs). Three days may be spent in going to Turja. Remete and ascending through the Sipo Valley or the Lyutta Valley to the vast plateau of the Polonina Runa (4865 ft.). To the S.E. of Unghvár (14 M.) is Szerednye, noted for its wine. To the S. are the extensive low-lands of the Theiss. 75M. Bátyu (Rail. Rest.). - ... FROM BATYU To LEMBERG BY MUNKács AND EAwoczNE (157 M.; rail in 14!/2 hrs.). 16 M. Munkács (Stern, R. from 1 fl. 20 kr.; cab to town 80 kr., to the fortress 70 kr., hr. 1 fl., day 6 fl.), a cramped little town on the FüLEK, 68. Route, 379 Latorca (with 10,550 inhab.). The old fastness of Munkács, or Vár Palánka, of the 14th cent., situated on a trachyte rock, 197 ft. high, 1 M. to the S., is celebrated for its heroic defence by Helene Zrinyi, wife of the insurgent Tököly, against the Imperial troops, who besieged it for three years before they succeeded in capturing it (1688). It was afterwards used as a state- prison (where the Hungarian poet Kazinczy and Prince Alexander Ypsi- lanti, a hero of the Greek War of Independence, were once confined), and is now a reformatory. On Count Schönborn's vast estates near Munkács (about 880 Sq. M. in area) are numerous German colonies. Beyond Mun- kács the finely engineered line skirts the richly wooded E. Beskid Mts. 20 M. Frigyesfalva (Friedrichsdorf), with iron-works, where we cross the Latorca. Then past (r.) Bereg Szt. Miklós, with a castle of the 16th cent., to (28 M.) Pászłka, where we enter the basin of Szolyva. The old road to Galicia turns here to the N. through the Pinya Valley (rich in mineral waters, such as those of Polena in the valley of the Great Pinya, Paulova, Płoszko, and Olenyova, on the Little Pinya) and leads by Also Verecke at the base of the Huszla or Pekuj (4610 ft.). The train follows the Latorca to (32/2 M.) Szolyva-Hársfalva (Ger. Lindendorf), a small chalybeate bath (R. from 80 kr. ; pension 101/2 fl. per week), and turns to the N. into the romantic and sequestered valley of the Vicsa, which it crosses twelve times. 39 M. Vöcsi, with a shooting-box of Count Schönborn (where deer abound). To the right is the Sztof, the highest of the E. Beskid Mts. (5509 ft. ; “Kaiser- steg”, a bridle path, nearly to the top). Many viaducts and tunnels. 61 M. Beszkid, where the Beszkid Tunnel, more than 1 M. long, crosses the Galician frontier. 66 M. Hawocne, the first Galician station. Then down the Opor Valley to (77. M.) Tuchla and (87 M.) Skole. At (921/2 M.) Synowodsko we reach the broad Stryj Valley (p. 404). 157 M. Lemberg, see p. 401. 81 M. Som; 90 M. Beregszász, on the Borsa, at the base of vine-clad hills, capital of the County of Bereg; 103 M. Tisza- Ujlak, a market-town on the Theiss; 112 M. Nagy-Szöllös, with a ruined castle and a château of Baron Perényi. The train approaches the mountains on the N., crosses the Theiss, and reaches (117. M.) Királyháza (Rail. Rest.), where it joins the line from Debreczin (p. 371). Thence to (163 M.) Máramaros Sziget, see R. 63. 68. From Budapest to 0derberg. 271 M. RAILWAY to Ruttek, 194 M., in 71/2-11 hrs. (fares 8 fl., 5 fl. 80 kr.: 4 fl.); to Oderberg, 270/2 M., in 11-16 hrs. (fares 13 fl. 11, 9 fl. 73, 6 fl. 56 kr.). To (43. M.) Hatvan, see p. 375. The line diverges here to the left from the Miskolcz and Kaschau line (R. 66), and skirts the W. slope of the Mátra, traversing the Hungarian Erzgebirge, noted for mineral wealth. Stations Lörinczi, Apex-Szántó, Pászth9, Bátony, and (71 M.) Kis–Terenne. To KAAL-KáPoDNA (331/2 M.; Mátra-Railway, in 3 hrs.). Pretty scenery as the train rounds the N.E. side of the Māta’a. 16 M. Parád Csevicze (719 ft.), a bath with springs containing sulphur and carbonate of soda, in the valley of the Tarna, owned by Count Károlyi. 331/2 M. Kadl-Kà- polna. – The line intersects the lowlands of the Theiss, crosses the river at Kis-Köre, and goes on to (46 M.) Kis-Ujszóllás (p. 373). 761/2 M. Pálfalva; 78 M. Salgó-Tarjan, with a ruined castle and valuable coal-mines and iron-works; 83 M. Samos-Ujfalu. The line quits the pleasant valley of the Zagyva, crosses a valley in the Medves hills, and descends into the broad and fertile valley of the Eipel, or Ipoly, to (91.1/2 M.) Fülek (650 ft.; Rail. Rest.), with the 380 Route 68. ALTSOHL. ruins of a once fortified castle of Count Berchtold. Branch-line to Dobschau and Miskolcz, see R. 69. 1011/2 M. Losoncz (Casino), a thriving town on the Eipel, in wooded environs, with a large cloth-factory, was entirely destroyed by the Russians in 1849. To the W., on the distant hills, rises the château of Gács, with its numerous towers, the seat of Count Forgách. Beyond (110 M.) Lónyabánya we enter the picturesque ravine of the Szlatina. 119 M. Krivány-Gyetva; opposite, to the right, on the plateau of Dettva, is a large Slovak village; to the left stands the loftily situated ruin of Dévény. 127 M. Véghles- Szálatna, with an old château of King Matthew Corvinus. 1331/2 M. Altsohl, Hung. Zólyom (968 ft.; Traube), an old town on the Gran. The Schloss, on the left bank of the Szlatina, erected in 1350, and still habitable, was often occupied by Matthew Cor- yinus. To NEUsoh.D AND ZóLYoM-BREzó (341/2 M. ; branch-rail in 33/4 hrs.). 4 M. Szliács (1180 ft.), formely called the Baths of Ribór, a favourite watering-place , and one of the best Organised in Hungary, with hot springs containing lime and iron, is visited chiefly by ladies (R. from 50 kr. to 3 fl. per day). Tl|2 M. Farkasſalva, with considerable mines. 131/2 M. Neusohl, Hung. Beszterczebónya (Mohr; Schwarzer Adler; Krebs; pop. 7159), the seat of a bishop, and capital of the County of Sohl, is charmingly situated at the confluence of the Gran and the Bistritz. The German church contains a fine carved altar of the 14th cent. and an in- teresting old font. Near the town is a large silver-foundry. The copper and silver-mines of Herrengrund lie 4!/2 M. to the N. — 34!/2 M. Zólyom- Brézó (Slovak Brezová), with extensive government iron-works. (Branch to Rhônicz, noted for its enamel-works.) 1411/2 M. Gran-Bresnitz, Hung. Garam-Bergencze (Rail. Rest.). BRANCH RAILWAY in 2 hrs. (fares 80, 40 kr.) to Dilln (Hung. Bélabónya) with an old Gothic church, situated on the Halitscher Teich (Halics-T6), a favourite point for excursions, and (141/2 M.) Schemnitz, Hung. Selmecz- bānya (1945 ft. ; *Traube; carr. and pair to town 1-1/2 fl. 3 omn. 30 kr. ; pop. 15.250), an old mining town, built in terraces in a deep ravine. Of . the ancient town-walls three gate-towers still exist. The picturesque old Schloss at the W. end of the town, built in the 13th cent., is now a ruin, with the exception of a few rooms used as a prison. To the S. is a mo- dern château, sometimes called the Jungfernschloss, now used as a fire- watch tower. Schemnitz is the seat of a famous mining and forestry aca- demy, which attracted many German and foreign students until German was exchanged for Hungarian as the language of tuition. (Valuable archi- ves and cabinet of minerals.) The miners in the middle ages were chiefly Germans, the mines having been worked by the Fuggers under Ferdi- nand I., but are now almost exclusively Slovakians. The yield of the mines, some of which extend under the town, is still considerable (1/2 million fl. per annum), although small compared with its former value. A visit to them is interesting and easy (permission at the office). The longest shaft (“Kaiser-Josef II. Erbstollen') is 9 M. in length. Minerals sold by Hr. A. Rathgeb. — The interesting Kalvarienkirche, on a hill to the E. of the town (2385 ft.), commands the best survey of the environs. — To the S. lies Szt. Antal, with a château of the Duke of Coburg. To the S.W. of Schemnitz (7 M.; diligence daily in 11/2 hr.), in the Eisenbach Valley, lie the Baths of Vihnye, newly fitted up, the springs of which contain iron, lime, and carbonic acid. — To the W. of Schemnitz (71/2 M. ; a drive of 11/2 hr.), in the Valley of the Tepla, are the baths of Szkleno, with Sulphur and lime springs and natural vapour-baths in a cavern (“Höhlenbad'). _* - , , - KREMNITZ. 68. Route. 381 The great embankment at Gran–Bresnitz, 98 ft. high, is one of the chief engineering features on the line. The train descends the valley of the Gran. On the left, below, is the ruin of Sachsenstein, Hung. Saskö; and further on is Heiligenkreuz, Hung. Szt. Kereszt, the summer-residence of the Bishop of Neusohl. We then turn to the right into the narrow valley of the Javornik. Several tunnels. 1511/2 M. Bartos-Lehotka, with an old church. Two more tunnels. 158 M. Kremnitz, Hung. Körmöczbánya (1805 ft.; Hôt. Szé- chenyi; Goldner Adler; pop. 9100), an old mining town surround- ed with walls, situated in a deep valley, possesses famous gold and silver-mines, which are still very productive, although the richest veins are exhausted. The Town Hall in the chief Platz contains the interesting archives. Within the old Castle is the Katharinen- Schlosskirche, lately restored, with frescoes of the 15th cent. in par- tial preservation. Near the upper gate is the Mint, where the ducats of Kremnitz are struck; near it a fountain with a lofty jet. A con- duit 15 M. long, which is said to have been constructed in the 14th cent., supplies the town with water for its industrial purposes, and a tunnel 91/2 M. long, dating from 1852, drains the mines into the Gran. r Two more tunnels. Stations Jánoshegy (Ger. Berg), József- Gösfüresz, Turcsek. 1761/2 M. Stubnya-Fürdő, Ger. Bad Stuben (1680 ft.), a village on the Stubna, with magnesia and sulphur springs (R. from 70 kr.), known for two centuries past. 182 M. Zny6-Váralja, a market-town on the Turócz (pop. 1500). The line follows the broad valley of the Turócz. Stations Rákó-Pribojcz, with an old château, Turócz-Szt. Márton and (1941/2 M.) Ruttek, Hung. Rutka, junction of the Kaschau-Oderberg line (p. 385). From Ruttek to (274 M.) Oderberg, see R. 74. 69. From Fülek to Bánrêve, Dobschau, and Miskolcz. Railway to Dobschau, 74 M., in 6 hrs. (fares 3 fl. 50, 2 fl. 80, 1 fl. 75 kr.); to Miskolcz, 59 M., in 5 hrs. (fares 3 fl., 2 fl. 40, 1 fl. 50 kr.). . . Fülek, see p. 379. — The railway makes a long bend to the E. through a narrow valley. 7 M. Ajnácskö, a small bath, with a château of Baron Kemény; on the right rise the ruins of the castle of Ajnácskö. 101/2 M. Balogfalva; 13 M. Vargede; 17 M. Feled. To THEISSHOLZ (31 M. ; rail in 3 hrs.). The line ascends the valley of the Rima. 5 M. Jánosi, with many villas. 71/2 M. Rimaszombat (Drei Ro- Sen; Huszar; Grüner Baum), a finely situated county town, with a govern- ment stud. We ascend the narrow valley, passing several châteaux and ruins. Near (23/2 M.) Myustya are the large Likër Ironworks, connected with the mines of Vashegy by a wire-rope railway. 31 M. Theissholz, Hung. Tiszolcz (pop. 3700), on a lofty plateau, has busy industries, iron- mines, and mineral springs. – To the N.E. lies (6 M) Murdºny, with an old castle, defended by the heroic Maria Széchy in 1644 and 1670, now Qwned by the Duke of Coburg–Koháry. — From Murány we may go to the N.E. to Pusztapole (p. 383) and Poprdd; or to the S.E. by Gross- Rauschenbach (Hung. Nagy-Röcze) to the valley of the Sajó. The train follows the Rima to (24!/2. M.) Rimaszécs, with a 382 Route 69. DOBSCHAU. château of Baron Way. 301/2 M. Bāmréve, junction of the line to Dobschau and of a mineral line to the coal and iron mines of Nada8d. The line to Do BSCHAU, which gives access to the Gömör Cavern District, turns to the N. into the valley of the Saj6. From (40 M.) Tornalia (Grossmann; Tiger; Krone), a road leads N.E. to (5 M.; carr. there and back, including stay, 5 fl.) the *Aggtelek Cavern, Hung. Baradla (“steaming place'), one of the largest stalactite grottoes in Europe, hardly inferior to that of Adelsberg, and with its ramifications à M. in length. The entrance to the cavern is a little to the left, above the village of Aggtelek (Inn). In the hut outside, belonging to the Carpathian Club, dwells in summer the guide Johann Glanicza. (Information may also be obtained from Hr. Daniel Baksay, the Prot. pastor at Aggtelek. Admission 50 kr.: guide for the old cavern 1, for the whole 2 fl., porter 1/2 fl. ; pe- troleum lamp 20 kr. ; piece of magnesium-wire 10 kr.) To explore the whole cavern takes 16 hrs., but 4-5 hrs. Suffice for the finest parts, the Alte Höhle, the Beinhaus (where antediluvian bones were found), the Para- dies, with the finest stalactites, and the Rettighthle. Several chambers in the Weue Höhle are of vast dimensions. – Between Aggtelek and Pelsöcz (see below; drive of 11/2 hr.) are several other caverns: that of Büdóstó or Domicza, the Csengölyuk (“bell-hole"), entered by a deep shaft, and the Szalánka Cavern. - 50/2 M. Pelsöcz, with lead and tin mines. To the left appear the peaks of the Central Carpathians. The valley of the Sajó con- tracts. Near (53. M.) Gombaszög (with iron-works of Count An- drássy), to the right, is the Plateau of Szilicz, with the Ice Cavern of Szilicz, within an imposing rocky gateway. Near the station is the small Leontine Cave. 59 M. Rosenau, Hung. Rozsnyó (*Schwar- zer Adler; Weinberger; pop. 4850), the seat of a bishop, prettily situated. In the Csucsom Valley, 1/2 M. from the town (carr. 60, omn. 20 kr.), is the Rosenau Bath. On the road to Torna (p. 377), on a rock about 11/2 M. to the E., rises the castle of Krasznahorka, the property of Count Andrássy, by whom it has been restored, containing various antiquities and curiosities. – As- cent of the Poz Val6 (3986 ft.), affording a view of the Tätra, on foot 4 hrs., by ox-waggon 5 hrs. - *-- 63 M. Bettlér, with a château of the Nadasdy family; 661/2 M. Henczkó; 68 M. Alsó-Saj6. - 74 M. Dobschau, Hung. Dobsina (*Löffler; omn, to town 20 kr., cab for 1, 2, 3 pers. 60, 1 fl., 1 fl. 20 kr., to the ice-cavern 4, 5, or 6 fl.; to the ice-cavern and Proprād 10–12 fl.), a town with 4700 inhab., chiefly Germans, is beautifully situated at the foot of the Radzim (3200 ft.). The iron, cobalt, and nickel mines in the Zem- berg are very ancient. To the N. (41/2 M.) lies the wild and beautiful *Valley of Stracena, watered by the Göllnitz, which flows under- ground at places. From the Felsenthor or rock-gateway of Stracena a good road leads to the W., past the Spitzenstein, to the (4 M.) Inn Zur Eishöhle. From this point a pleasant path through the woods (with guide) leads to the (1/2 hr.) entrance of the *Dobschau Ice Cavern, one of the finest of the kind, discovered in 1870, and recently made accessible, ,” TYRNAU, 69. Route, 383 Electric illumination during the season 11-12 a.m., each pers. 2 fl. (temperature 32-37°; beware of chills). The area of the cavern is about 10,000 sq.yds., 8000 of which are covered with ice. The total mass of ice is estimated at 140,000 cub. yds. Some of the blocks assume fantastic shapes, and all are of crystalline purity. — From the cavern or from Dobschau we may go to Pusztapole (Inn), at the foot of the Königsberg (Kralova Hola, 6375 ft.; ascended in 4 hrs. from the inn) and over the Popova (3460 ft.) to Vernár, and drive thence (19 M. in 5 hrs., 6 fl.) to Poprād (p. 386). The railway from Bánréve To MISKorcz follows the valley of the Sajó. 34 M. Putnok, with a château of Count Serényi. Then Wadna, Barczika, Saj6–Sgt. Péter (on the left Vámos, with a château of Count Degenfeld). 59 M. Miskolcz (p. 375). 70. From Pressburg to Tyrnau and Sillein. Valley of the Waag. 126 M. RAILWAY in 4/4-9 hrs. ; fares 7 fl. 83, 6 fl. 25, 3 fl. 91 kr. ; ex- press 1/4 more. Pressburg, see p. 334. The line passes under the viaduct of the Staatsbahn. Stations Ratzersdorf, Hung, Récse; St. Georgen, Hung. Szt. György, with a ruined castle (to the left the vine-clad slopes of the Little Carpathians). 124/2 M. Bösing, Hung. Bazin (Rail. Rest.), an old walled town, with a small chalybeate bath charm- ingly situated 14/2 M. to the N. Stations Schenkwitz (to the left of which lies the town of Modern, at the foot of the Carpathians); Bāhony; Cziffer, with château and park of Count Zichy. 291/2 M. Tyrnau, Hung. Nagy-Szombat or Trnava (*Polnitzky zur Eisenbahn; *Schwarzer Adler; Gold. Krome; Rail. Rest.; pop. 11,500), an old town of some importance, with numerous churches and monasteries, a large episcopal palace, and remains of fortifi- cations, lies on the Trnava. The Cathedral, founded in 1389, and restored in 1820, with two clumsy towers added last century, is worthy of a visit. The town was besieged by the Hussites in 1431. The old fosse is converted into promenades, decked with beautiful roses in June. On a steep rock, 9 M. to the W. of Tyrnau, rises the château of Bibers- burg, Hung. Vöröskö, built in 1200, and still in good preservation. Formerly the property of the Fuggers, it now belongs to Count Pálffy. BRANCH RAILwAY from Tyrnau by Keresztúr and (9 M.) Szered, on the Waag, with 4015 inhab., and a château of Prince Esterházy, to Gány and (17 M.) Galántha (p. 350). The line traverses the fertile plain of the Waag. 35 M. Lócz- Bresztovány. 40M. Freistadtl–Leopoldstadt, Hung. Galgócz-Lipotvár; the latter, on the right bank of the Waag, built in 1665 as a fortress for protection against the Turks, is now a prison. On the left bank of the Waag (which is crossed by a bridge 1/4 M. long), 11/2M. to the S.W., lies Galgócz, a town with 7300 inhab., with a château and park of Count Erdödy (superb view from the hill). The line follows the right bank of the Waag. On the E. rise the 384 Route 70. TRENCSIN. steep wooded slopes of the Neutra Mts. 45 M. Kosztolány. 51 M. Pistyán or Pöstyén (Rail. Rest.), with the sulphur-baths of Pöstyén– Teplicz, owned by Count Erdödy, used as a cure for gout and rheu- matism (springs 128-139°Fahr.; famous mud-baths), lies on an is- land in the Waag. On 26th July, 1599, the Turks attacked the baths when thronged with patients, slew the men, and carried the women into captivity. - - On a distant hill to the W. is the ruin of Gutenstein, Hung. Jokö. To the left, on a rock nearer the railway, is the ruined castle of Csejte, once the residence of the infamous Elizabeth Báthory, who is said to have murdered 300 young girls in ten years in order to restore her youth with their blood. (She died in prison in 1610.) 57 M. Brundez; 61 M. Waag-Neustadtl, Hung. Vág-Ujhély (*Rail. Rest.), a town of 5100 inhab., with a church founded in 1413. The valley contracts. On a lofty rock to the right is the large ruined castle of Beczkó, above the little town of that name. Stations Bohus- lavicz, Melsicz. - 77 M. Trencsin, Hung. Trencsén (Lamm ; pop. 5050), capital of the county of that name, on the left bank of the Waag, is com— manded by the ruins of an old fortress. The castle-well, 473 ft. deep, was hewn in the rock by Turkish prisoners. The tower, 108 ft. in height, commands a beautiful view. The Gothic Parish Church of the 14th cent. (altered in 1528), to which a covered flight of 122 steps ascends, contains the fine monument of a Count Illésházy (d. 1648; an alabaster statue in a niche of black marble). Opposite the town, on the right bank of the Waag, is the ruined monastery of Skalka. - - 82 M. Tepla-Trencsin-Teplitz, Hung. Teplicz-Trencsén (Hôt. Teplitz; numerous lodging-houses and private apartments), with warm lime and sulphur springs (147–426°Fahr.), lies in a fine mountainous region. Good baths, especially in the luxurious Hammam. — Railway to Bisenz and Brünn, see p. 323. ~. The next place in the valley of the Waag is Dubnitz, with a château of Baron Sina. 891/2 M. Illava, with a large Schloss used as a prison. Fine view of the valley. To the left Pruskaw, or Pruszka, with a Schloss of Count Königsegg; on a bold rock in the distance the picturesque ruin of Löwenstein or Oroszlánkö. 941/2 M. Bellus, opposite the valley of the Lednicz and the ruin of that name; 99 M. Puchó-Kocskócz; 106 M. Waag-Bistritz, Hung. Vág-Besztercze, with the finely-situated ruin of that name. At (1451/2 M.) Nagy Bittse-Predmér, to the right, opens the romantic *Sgulyov Valley, with its curious castellated rocks. 120 1/2 M. Hricsó, with a ruined castle on a bold rock. At Marczeg the valley suddenly turns to the S.E. (to the left Schloss Budatin). 125 M. Uj-Zsolna (junction for Csácza, see below). - 126 M. Sillein, Hung. Zsolna, see p. 385. 385 71. From 0derberg to Kaschau. 218 M. RAILwAY in 12-14 hrs. ; fares 11 fl. 50, 8 fl. 43, 5 fl. 75 kr.; re- turn-tickets to the Tátra Baths at reduced rates (comp. p. 388). At Ruttek there is always a long Stoppage. - Oderberg, see p. 330. We diverge to the S.E. from the Vienna line (R. 53), and traverse a wooded hill-district, the N. spurs of the Beskid Mts. 8 M. Dombrau ; 101/2 M. Karwin, with large coal- mines; 124/2 M. Darkau, with iodine and salt baths. - 20 M. Teschen (1010 ft. ; *Hirsch; Hôt. Schreinzer; Ochs; pop. 15,100), situated on a hill on the right bank of the Olsa, formerly the capital of the duchy of that name, is now the chief town in E. Silesia, The peace between Prussia and Austria, at the end of the Bavarian War of Succession in 1799, was concluded here. Spinn- ing, weaving, and furniture-making are the chief industries. Ob- serve the model houses of the workmen. Of the old castle of the 12th cent, a huge tower is still standing. Handsome château of Archduke Albert, with a fine garden. Teschen is the junction of the Kaiser-Ferdinands-Wordbahn : S.W. to Friedek-Místek, Hotzendorf, Krasna, Wallachisch-Meseritsch, and (76 M.) Hul- lein (p. 328); and N.W. to Bielitz, Kalwarya, Skawina, and (851/2 M.) Pod- gdrze-Cracow (p. 396). - . - 241/2 M. Trzynietz, with large iron-works of Archduke Albert; 281/2 M. Bistritz; 321/2 M. Jablunkau. The line ascends in long curves to the Mosty Tunnel (666 yds.), which penetrates the Ja- blunka Pass (1805 ft.), and descends, crossing the Hungarian fron- tier, to the Cserna Valley and (44. M.) Csácza, a small town at the union of the Cserna and the Kisucza (junction for Zwardon and, 36 M., Saybusch, p. 405). 51 M. Krasznd; 57 M. Kisucza–Ujheli. 63 M. Sillein, Hung. Zsolna (1180 ft.; *Rail. Rest.; pop. 3800), an old little town on the left bank of the Waag, once an important centre of the Hungarian wine-trade with Poland. - To Tyrnau and Pressburg, see R. 70; to Saybusch, see R. 75. — To the S. (12/2 M. ; a drive of 2 hrs., passing the considerable ruin of Lje- tova), in the picturesque Sillinka Valley, is the thriving watering-place Rajecz-Teplicz (1380 ft. ; good accommodation in the bath-houses), with warm springs without mineral ingredients, like those of Gastein (97-103°). We are now carried E. through the broad valley of the Waag. On the left Teplicska, and a château with two towers. Farther on, Count Pongrácz's château of Nedetz. We cross the Waag. 68 M. Varin, Hung. Värna. The valley contracts so as barely to leave room for river, road, and rail. On a bold rock to the right is the ruin of Sztreesnó, to the left that of Ovár. The rapids of the river here are often dangerous to rafts. Beyond a tunnel we enter the romantic Defile of Sztrecsnó, 3 M. long, in which the Waag forces its passage through the Fátra Mts., and next reach (76.4/2 M.) Ruttek, Hung. Ruttka (1260 ft.; Rail. Rest.), junction of the Altsohl and Buda- pest line (R. 68), picturesquely situated at the confluence of the tur- bulent Turócz and the Waag. - - - 791/2 M. Szucsány; 814/2 M. Turán; then a tunnel at the be- BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. 25 386 Route 71. POPRKD. From Oderberg ginning of the Hradisko Pass to (87% M.) Kralován, at the mouth of the valley of the Arva. On a lofty rock, 9 M. to the N.E., is the handsome, well-preserved castle of Arva. 911/2 M. Lubochna; 99 M. Rosenberg, Hung. Liptó-Rózsahegy (1628 ft. : Rail. Rest.; pop. 3400), a small town, with a Piarist monastery on a hill above it. To the N., on the hill-side, the ruins of Likava. z The mineral-baths of Koritnicza, 9 M. to the S. (carr. 4-5 fl., omn. 1 ff. 60 kr.), a cure for ailments of the liver and stomach, are prettily situated. (Hôtel Stanek; villas with furnished rooms 60 kr. to 1 fl. 80 kr, per day.) At (1041/2 M.) Tepla a view is disclosed of the Liptau and Zips Carpathians. Stations Kis-Olaszi, Pârishaza. 113 M. Liptó Szt. Mi- klós (1890 ft.; Adler; Rail. Rest.), capital of the county of Liptau. To the S. rise the Poludnicza (5086 ft.) and, further off, the Djum- bir (see below). Road to the Deménfalva Grotto, 6 M. (see below; carr. in 11/4 hr., there and back 3 fl.). 120M. Hradek, or Liptó-Ujvár (2090 ft.; *Hôtel Brüll), at the confluence of the rapid Bela and the Waag, with a ruined castle. Fine view here of the Tátra chain, with the Kriván (p. 392). Splendid day's excursion (guide 2 fl.) by Szt. Iván (Inn) and through the Stiavnicza Valley (good accommodation at the house of the keeper, at the upper end), by a good path, to the (5-6 hrs.) top of the "Djumbir, Hung. Gyömbér (6710 ft.), which affords a fine survey of the W. Carpathians. Then down through the romantic Démenova Valley to the (8 hrs.) refuge- hut of the Carpathian Club (good quarters), near the (1/4 hr.) interesting Beménfalva, Cavern, with its fine ice-formations and stalactites. Thence to (2 hrs.) Liptó Szt. Miklós (see above). - -, The line skirts the S. base of the Tätra, the wild serrated ridges and peaks of which are most picturesque. 123 M. Király-Lehota, at the confluence of the Weisse and the Schwarze Waag; 1291/2 M. Wihodna-Vázsecz (2508 ft. ; ascent of the Kriván, see p. 392); 1331/2 M. Vágfalva. The line crosses the watershed between the Waag and the Popper (i.e. between the Baltic and the Black Sea) at (1371/2 M.) Csorba (2946 ft. ; to the Lake of Csorba, see p. 394). 142 M. Bad Luesivna (2575 ft.), with a park of Hr. v. Szak- máry and a *Hydropathic, in the valley of the Popper. (To the Mengsdorf Valley, see p. 391.) 1441/2 M. Lucsivna, Ger. Lautsch- burg (2547 ft. ; *Inn), which lies 3 M. to the E. of the line. Fine view of the tapering Konéysta or Mengsdorfer Spitze (8320 ft.) and the Gerlsdorfer Spitze (8737 ft.), the highest of the Tátra. - Noteworthy excursions: ascent of the Kiensberg (3025 ft.), 2 hrs. there and back, with view of the Tätra, Popper valley, etc.; ascent of the Bába. (3212 ft.), of the Cerna (3580 ft.), and above all (2-2)/2 hrs. ; also ascended from Poprād) of the *Kozi Kamen or Gaisberg (4080 ft.), the Rigi of the Zips, commanding a superb panorama of the Tátra from Chocs in the Lip- tau to the Stirnberg near Béla, of the adjoining mountains, and of the Smiling valleys of the Popper, Hernad, and Waag. 149 M. Poprād, or Deutschendorf (2214 ft.; *Hôt. Tatra, *Hôt. National, both at the station; Park Husz, 1/4 M. from the station, at the W. end of the town, with a pretty garden and a fine view of the Tátra; Zum Schützen), is one of the sixteen free Zips towns founded by Saxon immigrants in the 12th cent., and still retaining to Kaschau. - IGLó. - 71. Route, 387 their German language and character. It is the junction for Kes- mark (p. 392) and the station for Schmecks (p. 389), and a good starting-point for excursions to the Tätra. - To the N.E. of Poprād, 1 M. on the line to Kesmark (p. 392), lies Georgen- berg (*Park Gréb, with extensive grounds on the Popper, baths, etc.), a sum- mer resort. At Felka, 1 M., and Gross-Schlagendorf, 3 M. to the N. of Pop- rád, on the Schmecks road (p. 389), are also good inns for summer quarters. A road leads S. into the Blumenthal (2 M. ; a drive of 20 min.) to an Inn ; thence a walk of 3/4 hr. through beautiful woods to the “Gloriette or Belvédère (3025 ft.) of the Carpathian Club, which commands a magni- ficent panorama of the Tátra Mts. – To the S.E. of Poprād (3 M.) are the lime-water baths of Gánocz (84°). — A very enjoyable excursion may be made from Poprād to the “Ice Gavern of Dobschau, in the valley of the Göllnitz, 19 M. to the S. (comp. p. 382). The road (carr. and pair in 5 hrs., 8 fl.) skirts the huge Kralova Hola, or Königsberg (6375 ft. ; which may be ascended on horseback; fine view). The line crosses the Popper and quits the valley of that stream. A low hill near (458 M.) Kapsdorf (1896 ft.) forms the watershed between the Danube and the Vistula. 166 M. Igló, Ger. Neudorf (1503 ft.; *Rail. Rest.), on the Hernad, is another of the sixteen Zips free towns. Leutschau, Hung. Löcse (1880 ft.; *Reichsadler), 5 M. to the N. (omn. 60 kr.; carr. there and back for 1/2 day 3, whole day 5 fl.), capital of the Zips, is an old town with 7040 inh., chiefly Germans. Fine Gothic church of St. James, of 13th cent., with a slender tower, containing an elegant ta- bernacle, several well-carved altars, pictures, monuments, and a good or- gan. The Rathbaus, with its open arcades, is in the Platz on the S. Side of the church. Beautiful view of the Tátra. A road (carr. in 2 hrs., 4 fl.) leads S.E. from Igló to Wagendrüssel and Schwarzenberg (Hung. Feketehegy; 2100 ft.), a hydropathic, sheltered amid beautiful pine-woods. - - We follow the Hernad valley, through the Hungarian Erzgebirge. 1711/2 M. Marksdorf, Hung. Markusfalu; 1791/2 M. Wallendorf, Hung. Szepes-Olaszi. - At the town of Kirchdrauf, Hung. Szepes- Váralja, 4 M. to the N., are the ruins of the large castle of Zips, which gave name to the country, and the interesting cathedral of St. Martin, begun in the 13th cent. in the Ro- manesque, and altered in the 15th cent. in the late-Gothic style. Curious mural paintings of the 14th cent., some of them well-preserved. 1844/2 M. Krompach, with iron-works. 1871/2 M. Stefanshiitte, with quicksilver, silver, and copper mines; 1911/2 M. Margitfalu. To SCHMöLLNITZHüTTE, 21 M., rail in 23/4 hrs, through the Göllnitz Valley, with its mines of iron-ore, worked since the middle ages, and iron-works. 33/4 M. Zsakarócz, with Archd. Albert's Marienhütte, an iron- mine worked with aid of a cog-wheel and a wire-rope railway. 5 M. Göllnitz, Hung. Gölniczbdnya, an old town with copper and Silver mines, and many chain and nail factories around it. 10 M. Prakendorf, Hung. Prakfalu, with Count Csáky’s iron-works; 15 M. Szepes-Remete; 171/2 M. Góżfiresz; 21 M. Schmöllnitzhiitte, Hung. Szomolnokhuta, with valuable mines Of pyrites and cement-works. - The line is carried through the narrow and picturesque rocky Valley of the Hernad by means of embankments and cuttings. 222 M. Kis-Ladna; 209 M. Abos (branch-line to Eperjes, p. 377); then through a tunnel into a broader part of the valley of the Hernad. 216 M. Tihany. • 218 M. Kaschau, see p. 376. - - 25 + . 388 72. The Tátra Mountains. The *Tätra, the only lofty moutain-range among the West Carpathians, of granite, gneiss, and limestone formation, extends about 30 M. from the Babki and Siva on the W. to the Zäjär Pass on the E. and varies in width from 40 to 15 M. In the W. part of the range, as far as the Lilijowe Pass, it rises to a height of 6000 ft., and to the E., between the Kriván and the Kesmarker-Spitze, to a height of 7500 ft. The highest peaks on the W. and N.W. are about 7500 ft. high, while in the Hohe Tátra, in the district of Zips, several peaks attain an elevation of 8750 ft. To the S. of the Tátra lie the table-lands of Liptau and Zips (valleys of the Waag and Popper; 2000–2500 ft.), while on the N. a range of lower hills (3-4000 ft.) intervenes between it and the plains of the Dunajec and Arva (1600-2200 ft.). Beauti- ful Alpine pastures and woods occur in the W., and also in the E. part of the chain, but in Galicia and the Zips the Scenery is remarkably wild. The chief features here are barren, fissured peaks, precipitous and inac- cessible crests, and bleak, rock-cumbered valleys, containing deep and lonely lakes (Pol. Stawy, Slav. plesso, i. e. eyes of the Sea), which are gradually being filled up with débris precipitated from the steep slopes above. The highest peaks are not free from Snow except in midsummer, while many of the gorges, especially on the N. side, are filled with per- petual snow. The dwellers on the S. side of the Tátra are Slovakians, on the N. Poles, and in Zips, on the E. Side, Germans. - Of HoTELs and INNs there is now a tolerable array, especially on the S. side of the range, but in the height of the season (July-August) it is sometimes difficult to get quarters even after previous application. — The best time for exploring this district is from July to the middle of Sep- tember; but June and October, when charges are considerably abated, are also sometimes favourable. The regulations for GUIDEs, etc., have been framed by the Hungarian Carpathian Club and the Galician Tätra Club. Tourists should employ only authorized guides (‘autorisirie Führer"), who are bound to produce the Official tariff on demand. Each guide may be required to carry about 33 lbs. of luggage, but for long tours, involving considerable supplies of baggage and provisions, a porter must also be engaged. As the nights are often very cold (even in summer the temperature Sometimes falls below 32° at an elevation of 6000-6500 ft.), it is advisable to be well supplied with rugs. The charge for guides from Zakopane (chiefly Poles, a few only speaking German), some of whom also undertake expeditions in the S. Tátra, is 2 fl. per day (1 fl. 20 kr, for 1/2 a day) besides food. For expe- ditions in the S. Tatra, the best guides are to be found at Schmecks (2-3 fl. per day; for difficult mountain-expeditions 4-5 fl.). Porters receive 1-1/2 fl. per day, and their food. Complaints should be addressed to the managers of the various baths. - - - INFORMATION may be obtained at the offices of the Carpathian Club at Leutschau (head-office), Kesmark (Herr Genserich), Felka (Herr Krom- pecher); Gross-Schlagendorf (Herr Weszter), at the bath-offices at Alt, Neu, and Unter-Schmecks; and at the office of the Tátra Club in Zakopane. The best APPROACHES to the Tátra from Germany are the railway from Oderberg to Kaschau (R. 71); from Vienna, the railway through the Waag- thal to Sillein (R. 70); from Budapest the Miskolcz and Kaschau line (R. 66). On these lines summer-tickets are issued at reduced rates to the principal watering-places in the Tätra. Those who approach from the N. take the Galician railway from Oświeóim (p. 395) or Podgórze (Cracow), vià Skawina and Sucha to (4/2-5 hrs.) Chabówka (p. 405; Rail. Rest.), whence a diligence runs twice daily in 2 hrs. 20 min. to (11 M.) Newmarkt' (p. 394). A carriage from Neumarkt to (8 hrs.) Zakopane costs 3 fl. ; from Zakopane to Schmecks by Kesmark, about 16 fl. EXCURSIONS. The following are the most important. From Hradek ascend the Kriván. From Csorba visit the Lake of Csorba. From Lucsivna Visit the Mengsdorf Valley, the Popper and Hinzen lakes, and ascend the Meeraugspitze. From Schmecks visit the Felka Valley and the Great and Little Kohlbach Valleys, ascend the Schlagendorf and Lomnitz peaks. From s: "..." SN ºf - ſº sº- º *** º Nº. toss º º “..." º º "Wºº …sº º - º ºS./ %) Šº º | º - º - *** - - Es " ſº º fº ------ º º º - º - - % º º j% - º - º - º º - ºl. * &- - - ſº º dº i º ºfºilº ºf ºſ, ſº S \º º º - - ------ - - - - - Poprad-Feika. Geograph. Anstalt wom - 0. - + - Wagners-Debes, Leipzig. 5 º - 2. 3. - 4. khakau. 1 : 25,000 N -- * Lº | *_*—º-º-º-º: §s g 9 r Ze # Meter s º Ts- \ \ W A. Geogr. Anstv. Wagner & Debes Leiſ . ſ SCHMECKS. 72. Route. 389 Resmark enter the Steinbach and Weisswasser valleys, visit the Stalactite Covern at Béla, and cross the Kopa or the Zdjár Pass to Javorina. From Javorina ascend the Javorina Siroka, visit the Fünfseenthal and the Grosse Fischsee. From Zakopane ascend the Magora, and visit the Kościelisko Valley. — Many additional tours have, however, been opened up within the last ten years by the establishment of new starting-points, and especially by the construction of the Carpathian Club’s “Tourists’ Path (Touristenweg), which unites the principal places of interest in the S. Tátra. This path leads S.W. from the Béler Höhlenhain (2504 ft. ; p. 393) to the (2/2 M.) Kes- marker Tränke (2976 ft. ; tourist-hut) at the foot of the Stösschen (5106 ft.), then at the same level to the (2/2 M.) *Matlarenau Inn (Hung. Matlárháza) on the Steinbach, past a keeper's house and the Spóner forester’s house (refreshm.) to the Aussichts-Hôtel and (5 M.) Unter-Schmecks, (11/4 M.) Alt- Schmecks, and (3/4 M.) Weu-Schmecks, where we reach a height of about 3300 ft. Thence on the same level to (2/2 M.) Weszter's Hôtel im Walde, and W. across the Felka and other streams, and over the intervening hills, to the Popperthal and the basin of (5 M.) Posłredni (3940 ft.). Lastly over a hill 490 ft. high to the (11/4 M.) Csorba Lake (4430 ft.), with its hotels and villas (p. 391). Walkers may cover the whole distance (21 M.) in a day, riders in half-a-day. The path passes the whole of the S. face of the High Tátra, from the Stirnberg nearly to the Kriván, and affords a Superb succession of views of rocky peaks and valleys. - Poprād (2214 ft.), see p. 386. Road thence (carr. to Schmecks in 14/2 hr., for 3 pers. 31/2-5 fl. ; walking preferable for the sake of view) by (1 M.) Felka (*Park Krompecher, hotel and villas with garden), with an interesting Tátra Museum and Alpine botanic garden, and (2 M.) Gross-Schlagendorf, Hung. Nagy-Szálok (2224 ft. ; *Hôtel Weszter, with pleasant garden, R. 80 kr. to 4 fl. 20 kr., D. 1 fl., pension cheaper) to (44/2 M.) Alt-Schmecks, Hung. Tátra- Füred (3340 ft.), a watering-place with mineral-springs, pine- cone baths, and cold-water cure, prettily situated at the foot of the Schlagendorf peak. This is an excellent starting-point for expeditions into the Tätra, but is often overcrowded in summer. (Music, cafés, etc.) — To the W. (1/2 M.) lies Neu-Schmecks, Hung. Uj-Tátra-Füred (3298 ft.), with its Kurhaus (cold-water cure, pine-cone baths, etc.), well fitted up, suited for a lengthened stay, and visited even in winter by patients with delicate lungs. – Below Alt-Schmecks, and connected with it by a pleasant road and foot- path, lies (11/4 M.) Unter-Schmecks, Hung. Alsó- Tátra- Füred (3084 ft.), a watering-place founded in 1884, and much frequented. (‘Grützkocher’ spring, mud-baths, etc.) ". - - WALKs. From Alt- or Unter-Schmecks to the Aussicht (1/2 hr. ; Inn), overlooking the plain of the Popper. — From Neu-Schmecks to the artificial Neu-Schmecks Waterfall, 10 min. W., and to the Vancsó Pond, 10 min. S. — From Alt-Schmecks N.W. to the Zse- dényi Monument, the Ziegenstein, and the (1/2 hr.) Fünf Quellen With the Rainer Monument, to the N. of which a large flower-car- peted meadow affords a view of the three Schmecks and the Popper Valley. To the N. of Alt-Schmecks is the Karlsruhe (3744 ft.). — A little longer: by the Tourists’ Path (see above) from Neu-Schmecks to (1 hr.) Weszter's Waldhótel on the Felka; from Unter-Schmecks past the ‘Aussicht’ to (1 hr.) Matlarenau. — From Alt-Schmecks 390 Route 72. FELKA VALLEY. - Tátra. to the (3/4 hr.) Räubersteine (3819 ft.), three huge blocks of granite, a flat stone to the right of which affords a fine survey of the Kohl- bach valley and the plain of the Popper. To the Kohlbach Valley (11/4 hr. to the Rainerwiese), very at- tractive. A good path ascends from Alt-Schmecks to the N.E. to the (3/4 hr.) Kämmehen (4200 ft.), which affords a beautiful view of the Lomnitzer Spitze, the Mittelgratthurm, the Kohlbachthal with its rocky débris (old moraine), and the Popperthal studded with towns and villages. Immediately below the summit, on the E. side, is the Hôtel Kohlbach (R. 60 kr, to 11/2 fl.). We then pro- ceed past the three Kohlbach Waterfalls, amidst beautiful wood and rock scenery, to the (1/2 hr.) Rainerwiese, on which is the Hôtel Gemse (4310 ft.); A. M. to the N. is the Riesensturz (130 ft. high). MoUNTAIN ExPEDITIONs. To the “Five Lakes in the Little Kohlbach Walley, 4!/2-5 hrs. from Alt-Schmecks (guide 21/2 fl.). From the Hôt. Gemse (see above), we ascend the Treppehen to the (1/2 hr.) Rainerhiitte (Inn, well spoken of) and to the (1 hr.) Feuerstein (5207 ft.), an overhanging block of granite; we then follow the brook to the foot (5383 ft.) of the Seewand, which rises 1300 ft. higher, and ascend its slope to the left to the Five Lakes in the highest basin of the Little Kohlbach Valley (6620–6690 ft.). Grand rock-scenery, with large patches of Snow, encircled with the Lom- nitzer Spitze and Trabant, the Grünensee-Spitze, the Eisthaler Spitze, and the Mittelgratthurm. (No refuge-hut.) * The Lomnitzer Spitze (LOmniczi-Csöcs; 8642 ft. ; guide 4 fl.) is ascended in 6 hrs, from Alt-Schmecks. Above the Feuerstein (see above) the route ascends to the right over Stony slopes to the (1/2 hr.) “Probe" (a steep and fatiguing couloir); them to the (20 min.) Kapelle (lofty columns of granite), and up steep grassy slopes to the (1/2 hr.) Lomnitzer Kamm (7383 ft. ; p. 392). Thence past the Moses-Quelle, very steep for the most part, and ‘Matirko’s Umkehr' and ‘Emericzy's Greiner” (two difficult points, provided with chains by the Carpathian Club) to the (1/2 hr.) Summit, which commands a distant view to the N.E. and S. only. * , The Eisthaler Spitze (Jéglwâlgyi-Csöcs; 8630 ft. ; guide 41/2 fl.), difficult, only for adepts, may be ascended from Alt-Schmecks in 7/2 hrs. Easier is the ascent of the “Schlagendorfer Spitze (Szalókî-Csács; 8050 ft.; 5 hrs. from Schmecks; guide 3 fl.). From the path into the Felka Valley, after 3/4 hr. we divergé to the right; 11/4 hr, the three Schlagendorf Lakes (54.95 ft. ; refuge); thence to the summit in 3 hrs. more. Admirable view, intercepted on to the W. and N. by the Gerlsdorf and Lomnitz peaks. Visit to the Felka Valley and ascent of the Polnische Kamm (there and back 10 hrs. ; guide 3 fl. 3 provisions necessary), interesting. Bridle- path over the (1/4 hr.) Kreuzhibel (4183 ft.) to the (3/4 hr.) Hunfalvy Hut (rustic quarters), 5 mim. from the beautiful green *Felka Lake (5470 ft.). The Felka Valley contains distinct remains of the moraines of diluvial glaciers. Close to the hut is a typical wall of moraine. We next skirt the Granaten- wand (where garnet-crystals are found in the mica-Slate), pass under the ‘Ewige Regen”, a dripping rock, and cross the Seewand, more than 330 ft. high, to the ("/2 hr.) Blumengarten (5883 ft.), a beautiful Alpine pasture (once a lake). We now ascend to the (1/2 hr.) Langensee (6337 ft.). On the W. rises the huge Gerlsdorfer Spitze (see below). Then an ascent of 1*/2 hr., either direct, over débris and patches of snow, or over the more grassy S. slope of the Visoka, to the summit of the Polnische Kamm (7207 ft.), a narrow ridge with precipices on each side, whence a striking view is obtained of the N. side of the mountains. Far below lies the Gefronne See (6450 ft.). The view is still better from the Kleine Visoka (7973 ft.; as- cended without difficulty from the pass in 3/4 hr.), which overlooks the tremendous precipices of the Gerlsdorfer Spitze. We descend by the Kaulige Hubel (6957 ft.), immediately above the Langensee, to the Blumen- Tātpa. CSORBA. 72. Route. 391 garten; or by the Kerbchen and the Gross-Kohlbacher Lakes to the (4 hrs.), Hôtel Gemse (p. 390). — The descent from the Polmische Kamm to the Ge- fronne See (and Javorina, p. 393) is for thorough mountaineers only. The Gerlsdorfer Spitze (Gerlachfalvi-Csács; 8737 ft.; from Schmecks and back about 17 hrs. ; guide 5 fl.), the highest of the Tátra Mts., is very diffi- cult. Sleep in the Hunfalvy Hut (See above); thence 5 hrs. steep climbing; chains at the worst place, above the Blumengarten. The ascent is easier from Hägi or Rauschik (2 hrs. S.W. of Schmecks) and through the Botz- dorfer Thal, past the lake of that name (7 hrs. ; guide 4!/2 fl.). Iron stan- chions at the ‘Gerlsdorfer Probe”. (From Rauschik and back 10-41 hrs.) From Csorba (2946 ft. ; see p. 386) a road (carr. 3, there and back 5 fl.) leads to the (3 M.) small *Lake of Csorba (4433 ft.), on the watershed between the Waag and the Popper. Grand view (N.) of the Tátra Mts., from the Kriván to the Schlagendorf peak; to the S. the valley of the Waag, Popper, and Hernad, beyond which rises the mountain – chain from Korytnica, in the W., to Kaschau, in the E., 100 M. in length. On the S. bank are a Hotel and several villas (R. 4 fl. 70 to 2 fl. 20, D. 1 fl. 40 kr.). Pleasant boating on the lake. (t Excursions from the Lake of Csorba. Ascent of the Kriván (8190 ft. ; 4!/2 hrs. ; guide 31/2 fl.). The route crosses the S. base of the Szoliszko and of the Ostra Kratka to the valley of Predni Handel, the (1/2 hr.) brook Zlomisko, and the path from Belanszko to the Grüne See (see below). — We may also visit the Mlinica Valley, crossing the meadows to the (11/2 hr.) beautiful Schleier- Wasserfall (“veil”), then ascending to the right to the lakes of Wadskok, the Untere and Obere Gemsen, and (18/4 hr.) Szent- Čvanyú (6848 ft.); thence W. Over the Lorenzjoch to the (1 hr.) Wahlenberg Lakes and through the Furkot Valley back to the (1/2 hr.) Lake of Csorba. — Ascent of the Wordere Bastei (Bästya, 7415 ft.; 3 hrs. ; guide 2 fl.), interesting. We cross the Mlinica brook, and ascend the wooded slope of the Mlinica, latterly steep, to the Patria (7233 ft.) and the Wordere Bastei. Grand view of the Mengsdorf Valley with the Tupa, Konéysta, Tátraspitze, Meeraugspitze, the long Ochsenricken, and the tapering Bastei peaks. The *Walley of Mengsdorf is one of the grandest in the Tátra. The path from the lake crosses the pastures of the Bastei and leads through the wooded valley of the Popper to the (11/2 hr.) superbly situated “Popper Lake (4931 ft.), with the Majlath-Hut (burned in 1890), where the routes from Rauschik (8 hrs.) and Lucsivna (4/2 hrs.) join it. On the E. side of the lake tower the Osterva (6319 ft.) and the Tupa (7162 ft.), on the N.E. the Tátraspitze (8383 ft.), and on the W. the Wordere Bastei (7415 ft.) and the Patria (7233 ft.). To the N.E., in the rock-strewn gorges at the foot of the Tátraspitze, are the Drachensee and the Eissee. (Ascent of the peak, see below.) — A splendid excursion from the Majláth. Hut is the ascent of the *Meeraugspitze (8230 ft.), the Rigi of the Tátra (4-5 hrs. ; guide 31/2 fl.). The route ascends past the Frosch-Seen (6332 ft.) to the Hunfalvy-Joch (7743 ft.), and thence to the N.W. without danger to the Summit. Magnificent panorama of the mountains and thirteen lakes. Far below on the N.W. side lie the Meerauge and the Grosse Fischsee (p. 393). From the Frosch-Seen (see above) an attractive return-route crosses N.W. to the Hinzen-See (6454 ft.), lying in the highest N.W. angle of the Mengs- dorfer Valley, and enclosed on the N. and W. by the Mengsdorfer Spitze (7978 ft.), the Cubrina (7989 ft.), and the Koprova-Spitze (7773 ft.), and thence across Alpine pastures inhabited by marmots to the Popper-See. — From the Meeraugspitze we may descend (steep and difficult at places) to the Meerauge (5207 ft.), and thence cross the lofty bank of the lake (650 ft.) to the Grosse Fisch-See and to Javorina (see p. 393). - The ascent of the Tátraspitze (Hohe Visoka; 8383 ft.; 4!/2-5 hrs. ; guide 4.4/2 fl.), difficult, and suitable for experts only, is made from the Majláth Hut and past the Drachensee. The view resembles that from the Meeraug- Spitze. Difficult descent on the N. side to the (2 hrs.) Hunfalvy-Joch (see 392 Route 72. RESMARK. Tátra. above) and the (1 hr.) Eissee (Pol. Zamarely Staw; 5886 ft); then past the (3/4 hr.) Böhmische See (Czeski Staw; 5305 ft.) to the (1 hr.) shooting-box of Prince Hohenlohe in the Poduplaski Valley and the (1/2 hr.) Roztoka Refuge, 1/2 hr. from Javorina (p. 393). *Touristenweg” to Weszter’s Hotel and (3-31/2 hrs.) Schmecks, see p. 389. The ascent of the Kriván (8190 ft.) may be made from Be- lanszko or from the Lake of Csorba (p. 394). From the rail. stat. Vihodna- Vázsecz (p. 386), or from that of Vágfalva, we walk to (2M.) the inn of Belanszko (2536 ft.; tolerable; guide to be had), whence the ascent may be made either on the E. or the W. side. If from the W. side, a night should be passed at the keeper's house of Pod Bansko (3183 ft.; rustic), 21/2 hrs, from Belanszko. Thence (a guide for the inexperienced being advisable) at first a road to the E. over the wooded hill of Pod Palenica (3773 ft.) to the (11/2 hr.) Polana Krivánska (3966 ft.) at the S.W. base of the Kriván, with a shepherd's hut (kolibe). From this point a steep but good zigzag path ascends on the W. side of the Kopa, fatiguing towards the end, to the (3-31/2 hrs.) summit, a plateau about 50 ft. long and 7-8 ft. broad, commanding a superb view. On the W. side the peak descends in huge precipices to the Koprova Valley; far below on the N.E. side lies the Teriansko Lake (6388 ft.); on the S.E. is the Grüne See (see below), and farther off the Lake of Csorba. In order to make the ascent from the E. side, we follow from Be- lanszko a beautiful road through meadows and wood to the (2 hrs.) large pasture of Pavlova (4338 ft.) at the S. foot of the Kriván (riding or driv- ing practicable to this point). Then an ascent on the S.E. side of the mountain in the valley of Predni-Handel to the (4 hr.) brook Zlomisko (5425 ft.), where the route from the Csorba Lake joins ours on the right (see above), and to the (1 hr.) terrace below the Grüne See (6615 ft.); thence to the left a stiff climb over the rock-strewn Wad Pavlovu to the summit in 11/2-2 hrs. Kesmark (2054 ft.; *Hôt. Meese, with veranda; *Hôt. Huminsky; Hôt. Kesmark; Krone), prettily situated on the Popper, 91/2 M. to the N.E. of Poprād (rail in 44 min., vià Georgenberg, Matzdorf, Gross-Lomnitz, and Hunsdorf), is one of the oldest towns in Hun- gary, having been a “royal free town' since 1380, and is another good starting-point for excursions. The old parish-church Zum Heiligen Kreuz contains fine carved altars. The chapel of the old Tökölyi château is worthy of a visit. The Jerusalem, a hill near the town, with remains of very ancient fortifications, affords a good survey of the E. Tätra. The linen-factories and weaving-school of Kesmark are of some importance. — To the N.W. (2 M.), near Zwik's Mill in the Weisswasserthal, is Tátraháza (*Inn, R. 60-80 kr.; baths; pens. 14 fl. per week), a pleasant summer resort. Excurs IONs. By Tatraháza and Matlarenau (p. 389) by a path indi- cated by marks to the (5 hrs.) Steinbachsee (5758 ft.) in the Steinbach Walley; , lying at the foot of the precipices of the Lomnitzer Spitze, tower- ing 2600 ft. above it, with diluvial glacier-moraines. Above the lake we traverse débris to the smaller Trichter-See (5932 ft.), whence we may ascend the steep slopes to the left to the Lomnitzer Grat (7383 ft.), and by a path indicated by blue marks, very steep at places, to the top of the Lomnitzer Spitze (p. 390). — The Weisswasser Valley is also very interesting. We Tátra. JAVORINA. 72. Route. 393 follow the path leading by Tátraháza, the Kesmarker Tränke or Matlarenau, and past the Weisse Wand to the (3 hrs.) Kressebrunnen (3900 ft.), and pro- ceed thence to the (2 hrs.) Aegydi Refuge-Hut on the *Grüne See (5046 ft.), prettily situated at the foot of the inaccessible Karfunkel-Thurm (6936 ft.), to which various legends attach, to the (1 hr.) Rothe See (5929 ft.), so named from the reddish hue of the bottom, and the (1/2 hr.) Blaue See and Gelbe See; then back to the Weisse See, above the Béler Koschar (see below), and across the pastures of the Weidau (about 4950 ft.) to Kesmark in 7 hrs. (guide necessary). - The *Stalactite Cavern of Béla, re-discovered in 1881, and accessible for a distance of 2 M., is reached from Kesmark vià Roks. The road leads to (9 M.) the *Hôtel Béler Höhlenhain (2504 ft.) in the Kotlina Valley, 1/4 hr. below the cavern (2900 ft.), to which a pleasant new path ascends. Illumination of the cave (payable at the hotel) with 700 lamps 10 fl., 400 lamps 6 fl., 200 lamps 4 fl. 3 adm. 50 kr, additional for each person and 30 kr. to the guide; complete illumination on Sun. at 2 p.m., adm. 1 fl. 25 each person. — From Béler Höhlenhain enjoyable excursions may be taken to the top of the Palenica (3850 ft.; 11/2 hr.), a fine point of view; to the Tokarnia (4003 ft.; 2 hrs.), another beautiful point, with rich flora; and to the (2 hrs.) Alabaster Grotto, so named from its white stalactites. ...The grotto is reached direct from Kesmark (there and back 7-8 hrs.) by the Zdjar road leading past Zwischenbrücken, 2 hrs. below the entrance (guide in- dispensable). — A grand moantain walk from the Béler Höhlenhain leads over the Wesselblösse and Faia:blåsse (4890 ft.), the Eiserne Thor (5276 ft.), the Stirnberg (6388 ft.), and the Wordere and Hintere Fleischbönke (6400-6630 ft.) to the summits of the Thörichte Gern (6762 ft.), the Greiner (7080 ft.), and the Havran (7057 ft.), which afford striking views of the Lomnitzer and Eisthaler Spitze with their precipices and snow-slopes, and of several waterfalls upwards of 300 ft. high (there and back 10 hrs., with guide). — Through the Tiefe Grund and over the Rothe Lehm saddle (so called from the red sandstone here exposed to view) to the (3 hrs.) Aegyd? Refuge Hut on the Grüne See (see above) and to the Béler Koschar at the foot of the Durlsberg (5965 ft. ; a good point of view ; 1/2 hr.). — ‘Touristen- weg” from the Béler Höhlenhain to the (1 hr.) Kesmarker Tränke and (1 hr.) Matlarenau, see p. 389. A beautiful drive from Kesmark is by Béla and Winschendorf to the Zipser Magura (3117 ft.; Inn), and down by Altendorf to (10 hrs.) the Rothe Kloster on the Dunajec (1/4 hr. S. of which are the small sulphur-baths of Smerdzonka). We may then descend the Dunajec by raft, through the ºve limestone hills of the Pieninen, to (11/2 hr.) Bad Szczawnica P. * - FROM KESMARK To JAvor LNA on the N. side of the mountains there are two routes: (1) a road by Béla and the Béler Höhlenhain (see above) through the Kotlina Valley and over the Zdjár Pass (3547 ft.), a drive of 6 hrs. (carr. and pair there and back in two days, 12 fl.); (2) a bridle-path through the Weisswasser Valley, past the Kesmarker Koschar (Alpine hut), over the Kopa-Pass or Sattel (5847 ft.), and down the valley of the Hintere or Polnische Copper Mines to (8 hrs.) Javorina (3274 ft.; Inn, poor), with château and iron-works of Prince Hohenlohe. The most attractive excursion from this point, and one of the finest in the Tátra, is to the (3/2 hrs.) *Grosse Fischsee (Halastó; 4541 ft.), romantically situated in the Białka Valley. The route passes the (1/2 hr.) Rozłoka. Refuge (rustic quarters) and reaches the lake in 2 hrs. more (good Quarters at the Tátra Club's refuge). We cross the lake on a raft (20 min.) and ascend the rocks beyond it to the (1/2 hr.) *Meerauge (5207 ft.), a strik- ingly picturesque little lake of dark-brown colour, from which the Meerawg- Spitze (p. 391) rises precipitously. — To the waterfall (4 hrs.) in the Roztoka Valley or Fünfseenthal is also a fine but fatiguing excursion. By the Roz- toka Réfuge (See above) we ascend to the right to the (2/2 hrs.) *Siklava 394 Route 72. ZAKOPANE. Fall, 210 ft. high, situated below the Wielki Staw (5500 ft.; hut), the largest of the Five Polish Lakes, which lie one above another in a bleak rocky valley, and also the largest in the Tátra (85 acres). — The *Siroka (7267 ft.), ascended with a guide in 4-5 hrs., affords an admirable survey of the wild scenery of the N. Tátra, from the Swinnica to the Kopa Pass. FROM JAvoRINA To ZAKOPANE (15 M., carr. 4 fl.) a road leads by Podspady, Jurgov, Bukowina, and Poronin. The hill at Buko- wina (Faraszy Wierch; 3178 ft.) commands an admirable view of the entire Tátra range. The village of Zakopane (2746 ft.; good rooms, but no food, at the Jadwinowka; restaurants Sieczka, Kós- ciesz, Pod Giewontem, Casino of the Tátra Club; *Dr. Piasecki’s Hydropathic, prettily situated), a health-resort, lies at the sources of the White Dunajec. A road leads thence to the left to the (3M.) Zakopane Iron-Works (3242 ft. ; plain quarters). The small baths of Jaszczurávka, with a “neutral spring (68°Fahr.), lie 2 M. to the N.E. Excursions. The Magóra (Kopa Magóry; 5640 ft.), a barren peak to the S.E. of the iron-works, easily ascended in 2 hrs., affords a pictur- esque view of the N. and W. side of the Tátra. In the ridge which runs from the Magóra to the W. is a large cavern containing stalactites and numerous antediluvian fossil bones (2 hrs. from Zakopane; guide and torches necessary). — From the Magóra, we may descend into the valley of the Suchawoda, or Sieben-Seen-Thal, follow the stream S. to a point where the route divides (the road in a straight direction leading to the Lilijowe Pass, see below), and take the road to the left leading to the Sieben Seen, or “seven lakes'. We first reach (1 hr. from the Magóra), in the W. branch of the valley, the Gqsienicowe or Raupen Lakes (5522 ft.). From the bifurcation just mentioned, a path leads to the S. over the (3/4 hr.) Lilijowe Pass (6362 ft.), between the Piargi (6486 ft.) and the Mad Kotlinou (6500 ft.) to the upper valley of the Tycha (to Pribilina and Hradek, p. 386). The *Swinnica (7526 ft.), ascended from the Lilijowe Pass in 11/2 hr., commands a magnificent view: the route ascends to the left, by the Nad Kotlinow, and over toilsome and at places perilous gra- Inite rocks. – In the upper, S.E., ramification of the Suchawoda Valley, or Sieben - Seen - Thal, 21/2 hrs., from the Zakopane iron-works, lies the *Schwarze See (Czarny Staw, 5335 ft.), one of the largest and most beauti- ful lakes in the Tátra, at the base of the precipitous Kościelec-Spitze. An interesting excursion for Sturdy climbers is from the Schwarze See to the (2/2 hrs.) Zawrat Pass (Swinnica-Scharte; 7133 ft.), which commands an Alpine prospect of surpassing grandeur; thence to the (1 hr.) Five Pol- ish Lakes (see above) and across the Swistówka (5810 ft.) to (8 hrs.) the Grosse Fischsee (p. 393) and to (3 hrs.) Javorina (p. 393). Or from the Grosse Fischsee we may go to the Meerauge (p. 393), and thence by the Meeraugspitze to the Popper and Csorba Lakes (1 day), and then follow the ‘Tourists’ Path’ to (3/2 hrs.) Schmecks; or we may return from the Meer- auge to the Fisch-See, enter the Poduplaski Valley, pass the Gefronne See, cross the Polnische Kamm (p. 390), and descend the Felka Valley to Schmecks (1 day). — Another fine excursion from Zakopane is to the “Koscielisko Valley (8 hrs. to the W.), the romantic rocky ravine of the Czarny (Black) Dunajec (rustic inn "ſ4 hr. from the entrance). A rough bridle-path leads hence over the Tycha Pass (5541 ft.) and through the valley of that name to Pod Bangko, 2/2 hrs. to the N. of Vázsecz (p. 386). - To the N. of Zakopane (151/2 M.; carr. in 3 hrs., 21/2-3 fl.) lies Newmarkt, Pol. Nowytarg (1945 ft.; Hôtel Herz), whence a diligence runs twice daily in 2 hrs. 20 min. to (11 M.) Chabówka (p. 405). ‘t GALICIA AND THE BUKOWINA. General Remarks. GALICIA, the N.E. province of Austria, slopes down in terraces on the N. Side of the Carpathians and contains many marshy plains. Unprotected towards the N. and N.E., it has late Springs, short summers, and long and severe winters. It is rich in corn, wood, Salt, and petroleum, but poor in industries, which are chiefly in the hands of the Jews (660,000 out of a population of 6!/2 millions), to whom almost all the imns, taverms, and shops belong. The horse-dealers and carriage-owners are always Jews. They differ in their dress and the mode of wearing their hair from the other inhabitants, who despise them, but are financially dependent on them. Of the inhabitants about one-half are Poles, who dwell in the W. part of Galicia, the other half are Ruthenians, who occupy the E. part ; but Polish is the Official and the literary language of the whole province. The Ruthenians (or Russinians, or Russniaks) differ materially from the Poles in manners and customs, in language, in religion, and in political views, and regard them as their persecutors and oppressors. In culture they are considerably inferior. Their “popes” or priests are ignorant, their churches and houses in the country districts miserably poor and squalid. The BUKowINA was severed from Moldavia, that is from Turkey, in 1786, and united with Austria. Unlike Galicia, it is hilly and wooded, and also differs greatly from it ethnographically. The inhabitants (about 650,000) are chiefly Roumanians, Ruthenians, Armenians, and Germans. The political administration is quite separate from that of Galicia, and the Officlal language is German. Two railways intersect Galicia from W. to E. : the N. railway, from Oświedim to Tarnopol connects the chief towns; the S. line, or “Galician Transversal Railway”, leads from Bielitz to Czernowitz, Skirting the base of the Carpathians, and is far superior in point of scenery. The traveller who wishes to explore the country thoroughly should therefore go by one of these lines and return by the other (R.R. 74, 75). The most picturesque of the railways which cross the Carpathians to Hungary is that from Stryj to Munkács (p. 379). Inns. There are good hotels at Cracow, Lemberg, and Czernowitz. In the Smaller towns and in the country, the inns are generally very prim- itive and dirty, while in the villages as a rule the only house of call is the brandy-shop. . 73. From Vienna to Cracow. 256!/2 M. RAILWAY in 81/2-131/2 hrs. (express to Oderberg in 51/2, thence to Cracow in 3 hrs.); fares 16 fl. 80, 12 fl. 60, 8 fl. 40 kr.; express 20 fl. 90, 16 fl. 80, 40 fl. 50 kr .. From Vienna to (1714/2 M.) Oderberg, see R. 52. The line now runs to the E., near the Prussian frontier. Country uninteresting. Stations Petrowitz, Seibersdorf, Pruchna, Chybi, Dziedzitz (junction of the Galician Transversal’ Line, R. 75). The Biala is crossed. Stations Jawiszowice, Oświedim (junction for Beuthen-Königshütte, Cosel- Kandrzin-Breslau, and Podgórze - Cracow). We cross the Vistula. Stations Chrzanów, (233 M.) Trzebinia (where the line to Warsaw diverges), Krzeszowice, Zabierzów. 396 Route 73. CRACOW. 2561/2 M. Cracow. — Hotels. "GRAND HôTEL, Slaw.kowska-Str., in the Czartoryski Palace, R. from 1 fl. ; *HôTEL DE SAXE (Pl. c.; B, 3), Slaw.kowska- Str.: *HôTEL DE DRESDE (P1, b : B, 3), Ring-Platz; HôTEL VICTORIA (PI. a ; B, 3), Annagasse. — Second class: HóTEL KRAKOwsRI, in the Promenade; HôTEL CENTRAL, Kleparz suburb (Pl. C, 2); HôTEL DE L'EUROPE, opposite the station ; HöTEL KLEIN, Gertrudgasse (P1. B., 3); HôTEL POLSKI (Pl. f; B, 3), Spitalgasse; ROSE and WEISSER ADLER, Floriansgasse. Restaurants at the hotels. Also “B. Streit, Grodzka-Str., near the castle; Bogusiewicz, Johannisgasse; Hawelka, Mika, and Mentzl in the Ring- Platz. — Confectioner and Café in the Tuchhalle; Cafés Kijak and Purzycki, Ring-Platz; Café Janikowski, in the Promenade. - Cabs (poor). From station to town 40, with two horses 70 kr., with or without luggage; per '/4 hr. 20 or 30, 1/2 hr. 40 or 50, 1 hr. 80 kr. or 1 fl. ; between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. a fare and a half is charged. Post and Telegraph, corner of Kolejowa and Wielopole St. (Pl. B, C, 4). Public Gardens: Schützengarten, Lubiczgasse, beyond the railway station (Pl. D, 2); Cracow Park, at the end of the Karmelitergasse (Pl. A, 2); both with cafés (concerts several times a week). — Botanic Garde? at the end of the Kopernikusgasse (PI. D., 3), daily except Sat. and Sun. Gommissionnaires (per day 1/2 fl., half day 80 kr.), here called ‘factors", and always Jews, frequently importune travellers at the station or hotel. Cracow, Pol. Kraków, Ger. Krakau, situated in an extensive plain at the confluence of the Rudowa and the Vistula (Pol. Wiśla; Ger. Weichsel), once the capital of Poland, where the kings were crowned down to 1764, and after 1845 the capital of a small in- dependent state, was annexed to Austria after the insurrection of 1846, and has since been erected into a fortress of the highest class. Pop. 76,514 (one-third Jews), incl. garrison of 5500 men. The churches and towers, the lofty Schloss, and other buildings give the town an imposing appearance. Between the town and the sub- urbs, on the site of the old fortifications, are pleasant promenades planted with trees (Planty). The Schloss (Zamek Krolewski, Pl. B, 4, 5), on the Wawel hill at the W. end of the town, was founded by Casimir the Great in the 14th cent., but most of the present buildings date from the time of Augustus II. It was the residence of the Polish kings till 1610, when Sigismund III. transferred his seat to Warsaw. This vast pile consists of a number of separate buildings erected by kings of Poland. In 1846 it was converted into a barrack and hospital. Several rooms recently restored deserve a visit. (Apply to castellan.) The Gothic *Cathedral, or Schlosskirche (Pl. B, 4), on the E. side of the Schloss, consecrated in 1359 under Casimir the Great, with a Romanesque crypt, is the burial-place of the Polish kings and heroes. - - & c To the right of the entrance a *Bronze epitaph to Marshal Peter Kmity (d. 1505) by Peter Vischer. To the right in the nave, E. side, is a copper trap- door leading to the RoyAL VAULT, constructed by Stanislaus Augustus in 1788, where, beside many Polish kings, repose Poland’s three most illustrious heroes: John Sobieski (d. 1696), Poniatowski (drowned in the Elster near Leipsic in 1813), and Kosciuszko (who died in exile at Soleure in 1817). A fourth Sarcophagus contains the remains of King Ladislaw IV. and his queen. Adm. Mon., Wed., Frid., and on the days when mass is said for the Polish kings (ío kr.). — CHAPELs: 1st. Near the crypt, recumbent figure in porphyry of King Casimir Jagello (d. 1492), by the Nuremberg sculptor Veit Stoss (or Stwosz), perhaps a native of Cracow (?). Monu- CRACOW. 73. Route. 397 ment of King Ladislaw Jagello (d. 1434). Opposite, *Monument of Bishop Soltyk (d. 1788), who, as the relief indicates, was carried to St. Peters- burg by the Russians on account of his opposition to them at the Polish Diet in 1767. — 2nd. * Thorvaldsen’s Christ imparting a blessing, a beautiful statue in marble, but in a bad light. Busts of Count Arthur Potocki and his mother, also by Thorvaldsen. — 4th. Memorial slabs of the Polish kings of the Wasa family (Sigismund, Ladislaw IV., John Casimir); superb bronze doors by Mich. Weinhold of Dantsic (1763). — *5th Chapel (built by Bart. Berecci of Florence in 1519–20, and elaborately ornamented by Giov. Cini of Siena). Mausoleum of the Sigismunds of the Jagello family; recumbent figures in red marble of King Sigismund Ja- gello (d. 1548) and Sigismund Augustus (d. 1572). Opposite is “Thorvald- sen's statue of Count Wladimir Potocki, who fell at Moscow in 1812. In the choir the tombs of Bishops Gamrat (1547) and Tomicki (1535), by Giov. Maria, surnamed Mosca, of Padua, the architect of the bishops’ palace. — 8th. *Monument of King John Albert (d. 1501) in red marble, by an unknown Florentine master; opposite to it the *Monument of King Ca- simir the Great (d. 1370), the ‘Founder of Cities”, as indicated by his girdle, by Veit Stoss, in red marble under a canopy. — In front of the high-altar is the engraved bronze of Cardinal Fred. Jagello (d. 1503), with a later “Relief (1510), an important work by Peter Vischer, represent- ing the presentation of the bishop to the Madonna. — 11th Chapel, once connected by a passage with the palace, and used by the Polish monarchs as an oratory, with a throne of red marble and fine modern stained- glass windows. Monument of King Stephen Bathori (d. 1586), in red marble. Opposite to it, behind the high-altar, the monument of King John III. Sobieski (d. 1696), the conqueror of the Turks (comp. p. 196), as the reliefs indicate. — The 19th Chapel, in the centre of the church, contains a silver sarcophagus, borne by silver angels, in which are pre- served the remains of St. Stanislaus, the patron-saint of the Poles, and Bishop of Cracow, who was slain before the altar in 1079 by King Boles- law. — The TREASURY (Mon., Wed., Frid. at 10; also on festivals) con- tains part of the ancient Polish regalia, rich sacerdotal vestments, and artistically-Wrought vessels in gold and silver. (German catalogue 10 kr.) *St. Mary's (Pl. B, 3), in the Ring-Platz, another of Cracow's 36 churches, is a handsome Gothic building of the 13th and 14th cent. The Presbyterium has lately been restored and richly coloured from designs by Matejko. The huge *High Altar, the master-piece of Veit Stoss, executed about 1480, is adorned in the middle with a Death of the Virgin, and on the wings and sides with reliefs from the Life of Christ. The original painting and gilding is in excellent preservation. At the entrance of the church is the *Bronze of Pater Salomo (d. 1506) by Peter Vischer; at the entrance to the choir is an altar by Mosca, next which is a colossal *Crucifix by Veit Stoss. The large building opposite, in the centre of the Ring-Platz, is the Tuchhaus (Pl. B, 3; Pol. Sukiennice), or cloth-hall, of the 15th cent., now sumptuously restored. The tower belonged to an old town-hall taken down in 1820. . On the first floor of the Tuchhaus, to the left, is the NATIONAL MUSEUM OF ART ſº Mon., 11-3; 20 kr.), with pictures by Matejko (Kosciusko at Raclawice in 1794, and Homage done to Albert of Brandenburg in 1525), *Siemiradzki (*Living torches of Nero'), and other Polish artists, casts, cameos and gems, autographs, portraits, etc. — To the right is the PER- MAN ENT PICTURE GALLERY (daily, except Mon., 11-4; 30 kr.): *Matejko, Battle of Grunwald, 14403. The Maid of Orleans entering Rheims, 1429; other modern pictures and sculptures by Polish masters. - . The Gallery of Countess Potocka, Ring-Platz, is only shown to Visitors with letters of introduction (fine works by Giorgione, Palma Vecchio, Giul. Romano, Giov. Bellini, C. Bordone, etc.). - 398 Route 73. CIRACOW. To the S. of the Ring-Platz the Grodzka and Dominican streets lead to the Dominican Church (Pl. B, 4), which has been mod- ernised since a fire in 1850. The choir contains a *Bronze tablet in memory of the famous scholar Fil. Buonaccorsi, surnamed Calli- machus (d. 1496), tutor of Sigismund I., probably by Peter Vischer. — On the W. side of the Grodzkagasse is the Franciscan Church (PI. B, 4), of the 13th cent., but frequently altered, containing the monument of King Wladislaw Jagello (d. 1434). The old refectory of the adjoining Franciscan monastery now contains the Technical and Industrial Museum (daily 10–1 and 3-5; 20 kr.; Sun. free). — Opposite rises the Prince Bishop's Palace (Pl. 3, 4), built by Mosca, and restored since the fire of 1850. A little to the N.W. are the buildings of the Jagellonian University (Pl. A., 3), founded by Casimir the Great in 1849. The New University facing the promenades, a grand Gothic edifice designed by Ksieżarski (1881–87), with its handsome vestibule and fine hall, contains on the ground-floor the Archaeological Museum (week-days, 41-1) and the Art-Historical Collection of the university. Opposite, in the old university buildings, are the handsome rooms contain- ing the University Library (about 50,000 vols.; daily, except Sun., 9–1). The old library-hallis adorned with frescoes by Stacho- witz. Adjacent is the Obergymnasium of St. Anna, founded in 1588. — On the opposite side of the Annagasse is the University and Parish Church of St. Anna (Pl. A., 3), containing marble mosaics and a monument to Copernicus (d. 1543), all modern. i. In the Stefans-Platz is the Polish Theatre (Pl. B., 3). Near it, in the Slawkowskagasse, is the Academy of Sciences (P1. B, 3), COIltaining a library, a museum of antiquities, a physiographical collection, and a picture-gallery (daily, except Sun., 14-1). Fur- ther on, in the promenades, is the *Czartoryski Museum (P1, B, 2, 3; Tues, and Frid. 10-4), a large and varied collection of ob- jects of art. - GROUND FLOOR. Sculptures; fine Small antique bronzes; *Clay-figures from Tanagra; golden ornaments; silver mirror-case (Hercules and Om- phale), of the best Greek period; faience, porcelain (fine service in old Dresden china), and glass (antique Persian lamp, Venetian glass, with Stucco Ornamentation). — FIRST FLOOR. The Library contains many good miniatures of the French and other schools. In the Picture Gallery are works by *Rembrandt (landscape, 1638), B. von Orley (girl), Ph. Wou- werman, and Van Dyck (study). Also weapons; *Carved ivory; Per- sian carpets, etc. — The best pictures are in the private apartments (shown in absence of the family): *Raphael, Portrait of a young man (said to be himself; unfinished, about 1507); *Leonardo da Vinci, Half-length of a girl with an ermine in her arms (‘Castitas"); Clouet, Small portrait. In the Promenades, further to the N.E., is the Floriansthor (Pl. B, 2), a singular structure, almost the only relic of the old fortifi- cations. Outside the 'gate, in the Matejko-Platz, in the suburb of Kleparz, is the Academy of Art. Further on is the Church of St. Florian (P1. C, 2), of the 12th cent., but repeatedly altered since, with pictures by Hans von Kulmbach. A side-chapel contains the WIELICZKA. 73. Route. 399 *altar of St. John by Veit Stoss, a very attractive work dating from the end of his stay in Cracow (1524). s The town is surrounded with Suburbs, lying within the mod- ern fortifications. To the S.W. is Stradom, with the offices of the commandant; on the W. is Nowy Swiat; on the N.W. Piasek, with the old church of the Visitation; on the N. Kleparz, with the grain and cattle markets, the Academy of Art, and St. Florian's Church (p. 398); on the E. Wesoła, with the hospitals of St. Lazarus and St. Ludwig, the university clinique and botanic garden, the Obser- vatory (PI. D., 3), and the slaughter-house; to the S.E. is Kasimierz, the Jewish quarter, containing the Pauline convent and the churches of St. Michael, St. Catharine, Corpus Christi, and the Trinity. The Franz-Josefs-Brücke leads hence across the Vistula to Podgórze (13,134 inhab.). To the S. rises the conical Krakusberg (905ft.; with trigonometrical signal), said by tradition to be the grave of the mythical dragon-slayer Krakus, the founder of Cracow, and to have been thrown up by human hands. The *Kościuszko Hill (1093 ft.), on the Bronisława, 1/2 hr. to the N.W., is a mound of earth, about 65 ft. in height, thrown up in 1820-23 by the united efforts of the whole population of Cracow in honour of the Polish hero of that name. Since 1855 it has been converted into a fort. *View of Cracow, with its many towers, and Podgórze, with the Krakusberg beyond it; S. the Carpathians, seldom free from snow; W. the Babiagóra (5660 ft.) and its neighbours of the Beskid range; then the Vistula, traceable for a long distance; N. the handsome marble buildings of the Camaldulensian monastery of Bielany. *Salt Mines of Wieliczka. RAILWAY vià Bierzanów in 38 min. (or plea- santer by carriage, 5-8 fl. 3 p. 396) to Wieliczka (833 ft. ; several inns; pop. 6037). Visitors are admitted to the mines on Tues., Thurs., and Sat. at 3 p.m.; if one of these days is a holiday, then on the following day. Tickets of admission are obtained at the office, 2 fl. for each person. The charges fixed by tariff for illumination vary from 20 to 60 or 70 fl., according to the amount desired and the number of persons. Visitors don mining attire (10 kr.) and follow the attendant. The inspection of the mines takes 2 hrs. ; carriages may be ordered to wait at the shaft. Visitors leave the mine by the lift or cage, for which each person pays 30 kr. more. Specimens of the rock-salt, from 10 kr. each, are offered to visitors on quitting the mine. These mines, the greatest depth of which is 919 ft., employ over 700 hands and yield about 60,000 tons of salt annually. They consist of seven different levels or stories, one above the other, and have eleven shafts. Total length of the mines, from E. to W., 21/3 M.; breadth, from N. to S., 1040 yds. The different stories are connected by a labyrinth of passages and flights of steps, and occasionally by lofty bridges, the aggregate length of which is computed at 380 M. The mines contain sixteen ponds, several of which have boats upon them. Many of the disused Chambers, 70 of which are spacious, are employed as magazines, and Some of them are embellished with candelabra, &c. hewn in rock-salt, beautiful when properly illuminated. There are also two chapels, which Were partially destroyed by an inundation in 1868, with altars, statues, and othér ornaments in rock-salt. In the larger of these mass is celebrated annually on 3rd July, after which a breakfast is given. Some of these Subterranean Saloons are 80-100 ft. in height. The salt of Wieliczka is re- 400 Rowte 74. LEMBERG. From Cracow markable for its purity, and Solidity, but is generally gray or blackish in colour. Travelling in the interior is done by horse-tramways, 25 M. in total length, while seven Steam-engines bring the salt and the miners to the surface. Excursionists to the Tátra take the Galician Railway from Cracow (Podgórze) by Sucha to Chabówka (p. 405), and drive thence by Wewmarkt to Zakopane (p. 894) in 5-6 hrs. - 74. From Cracow to Lemberg and Czernowitz. ... RAILWAY to Lemberg, 212 M., in 88/1-12 hrs. (fares 16 fl. 50, 12 fl. 43, 6 fl. 46 kr. ; express /5th more); from Lemberg to Czernowitz, 165 M., in 6!/4- #3 hrs. (fares 12 fl. 89, 9 fl. 66, 5 fl. 2 kr.: express 15 fl. 39, 11 fl. 59, 7 fl. 74 kr.). Cracow, see p. 396. The train crosses the Vistula, and passes Podgórze (p. 399) and the Krakusberg on the right. 51/2 M. Bier- #anów (branch to Wieliczka, see p. 399). 12 M. Podłęże; 18 M. Kłaj. 231/2 M. Bochnia (Rail. Rest.; pop. 8703), with extensive salt- mines connected with those of Wieliczka (see above). 341/2 M. Słotwina; 38 M. Biadoliny; 431/2 M. Bogumiłowice. 481/2 M. Tarnów (Hôtel Krakau; Rail. Rest.; pop. 27,575), capital of a district, and junction of the line to Stróże (p. 404; 36 M., in 43/4 hr.), lies on the Dunajec, near its confluence with the Biala. Inter- esting old town-hall. The cathedral contains noteworthy monuments of the Ostrogski and Tarnowski families. - 571/2 M. Wałki; 611/9 M. Czarna; 69 M. Dembica (Rail. Rest.), with a château of Prince Radziwill; 77 M. Ropczyce; 82 M. Sedgi- szów ; 89 M. Trzciana; 98 M. Rzeszów (Rail. Rest.; pop. 11,953), with an old château; 108M. fancut (pop.3483), with château and park of Count Potocki; 114 M. Rogóźno ; 124 M. Przeworsk, with château and park of Prince Lubomirski; 130 M. Jarosław (Schwar- zer Adler; pop. 12,422), on the San, an affluent of the Vistula, the left bank of which the train now follows. . . . - 139 M. Radymno; 448 M. Zurawica. 152 M. Przemyśl (Hôtel Przemyśl; Hôtel de l'Europe; Rail. Rest.; pop. 35,250), an ancient town on the San, the seat of a Roman Catholic and a Greek bishop, with six churches and a brisk trade, has recently been fortified. A hill near it is crowned with the ruins of a castle said to have been built by Casimir the Great. FROM PRZEMyśL To CHYRów (221/2 M. ; rail in 1 hr. 20 min.) by Wyzan- kowice and Dobromil. From Chyrów to Stryj or to Mezö-Laborcz, See pp. 404, 879. - - q ſååſ, M. Medyka; 169 M. Mošeiska; 181 M. Sgdowa-Wisznia; 1921/2 M. Gródek, with 10,717 inhab., between two lakes; 2021/2 M. Mszana. - - 212 M. Lemberg. — HôTEL DE FRANCE; HôT. GEORGE: HóT. LANG : HôT. D’ANGLETERRE ; HôT. DE L'EUROPE; HôT. DE WARSovrº. → *Restaurant Stadtmüller, by the Dominican church; Theatre Café, Ferdinands-Platz, frequented by Poles; Vienna Café, Heilige-Geist-Platz; German Casino, Heilige-Geist-Platz, strangers admitted. - & ~ : . Lemberg, Polish Lwów, French Léopol, the capital of Galicia, with 127,638 inhab. (upwards of 20,000 Jews), is the seat of a -Roman Catholic, an Armenian, and a United Greek archbishop. to Czernowitz, LEMBERG. 74. Route. 401 There are fourteen Roman Catholic churches, a Greek, an Armen- ian, and a Protestant church, two synagogues, and several Roman Catholic and Greek convents. The town itself is small, the finest buildings being in the four suburbs (those of Halicz, Lyczakow, Cracow, and Zolkiew). The Rathhaus, with its tower 260 ft. high, built in 1828–37, stands in the Ring, or principal Platz, which is embellished with four handsome monumental fountains. The Roman Catholic Cathedral has a late-Gothic interior, adorned with good frescoes. The Armenian Cathedral is in the Armenian-By- zantine style (15th cent.); in front of it rises a statue of St. Christo- pher. The Dominican Church contains the monument of a Coun- tess Dunin-Borkowska by Thorvaldsen. The United Greek Cathedral, in the basilica style, stands on a height in the Georgsplatz. The handsome Polytechnic Institution, in the Georgs-Platz, completed in 1877, contains a large chemical-technical laboratory and is otherwise well equipped. Among other institutions worthy of mention are the Natural History Collections in the University (Akademie-Str.), with the contiguous Botanic Garden and the School of Forestry (with good collections); the Hospital, with large cliniques; and the Lunatic Asylum in the Kulparkow suburb. In the Slowacki-Str., opposite the Park, is the Hall of the Estates. In the Kleparowska-Gasse rises the fine Invalidenhaus, with its four towers. — At the Theatre (closed in summer), in the Skarbek-Str., Polish plays and Polish-Italian operas are performed (the solos being generally sung in Italian, the chorus in Polish). The University (about 1000 stud.), founded in 1784 by Emp. Joseph II., was dissolved in 1805 owing to the acquisition of the Cracow university by Austria, but reopened in 1816. During the bombardment of the town in 1848 the university building was burned down, and its library and collections almost entirely destroyed, after which it was removed to its present quarters in an old Jesuit con- vent in the Akademie-Strasse. The collections and the library have since been replaced. - Ossoliński's National Institute, in the Ossolińskigasse, contains collections relating chiefly to the literature and history of Poland, including portraits, antiquities, coins, and a library, and possesses a printing-office of its own. — The Dzieduszycki Museum of Ga- lician antiquities and products is always open to visitors. FROM LEMBERG To STRYJ (48 M. ; rail in 2 hrs. ; fares 3 fl. 60, 2 fl. 30, 1 fl. 50 kr.). Passing Glinna-Wawarya and the sulphur-baths of Pustomty, we run through the pretty Szczerek Valley to (17 M.) Szczérzec (with large quarries of gypsum) and (28 M.) Mikołajów - Drohowyże, and cross the Dniester. Then through a wooded tract to (37. M.) Bilcze – Wolica and (48 M.) Stryj (p. 404), junction of the Chyrów-Stanislau and Haawoczne- Munkács lines (p. 379). . FROM LEMBERG To ODEssa (459. M.; rail in 27 hrs.). 31 M. Krasne, junction for Brody, Radziwiłów (Russian frontier) and Kiew. 87 M. Tanº- nopol; 119 M. Podwołoczyska, the last station in Austria, opposite which, on the left bank of the Podhorce, is Wołoczyska, the first Russian station. Thence by Shmerinka (junction for Kasatin-Brest and Kiew), Birsula BAEDEKER's S. Germany. 7th Edit. 26 402 Route 74. CZERNOWITZ. From Cracow (junction for Charkow and Moscow), and Rasdelmaja (junction for Bender, Jassy, and Roman) to (459 M.) Odessa. The RAILWAY FROM LEMBERG To CZERNOWITZ at first traverses a lofty and monotonous plain, intersected with deep valleys. '7 M. Sichów ; 151/2 M. Staresioło ; on the right, a half-ruined castle of Count Potocki, erected in the middle ages as a protection against the Tartars, and partly converted into a brewery; 224/2 M. Bóbrka; 271/2 M. Wybranówka, 32 M. Borynicze; 40 M. Chodorów, in- habited by Jews; 441/2 M. Bortniki; 481/2 M. Novosielce; 55 M. Bukaczowce (Rail. Rest.); 62 M. Bursztyn, with a château of Prince Jablonowski. 69/9 M. Halicz; the town, once capital of the prin- cipality of Halitsch and incorporated with Poland in 1887, is prettily situated on the right bank of the Dniester, 24/2 M. to the W., and is commanded by a ruined castle. The long range of the Carpathians now becomes visible in the distance to the right. The train crosses the Dniester, and near (78 M.) Jezupol approaches the Bystrica. 87 M. Stanislau (Goldner Adler; restaurants Gang and Fischer; *Rail. Rest.; pop. 22,230), a busy trading town, junction of the line to Stryj, Chyrów, and Bielitz (p. 404), has been handsomely rebuilt since a great fire in 1868. - 1011/2 M. Ottynia; 112 M. Korszów. On the right the Czerna- Hora (6749 ft.) and other peaks of the Carpathians now come nearer. 122 M. Kolomea (Hôtel Angelski, in the chief Platz; pop. 29,838), a town on the Pruth; to the right, near the railway, is the pleasant German suburb, with a Protestant church. Beyond (1331/2 M.) Zabłotów the train crosses the Pruth, and near (1431/2 M.) Sniatyn recrosses it; Sniatyn (10,920 inhab.) lies 3. M. off. 1504/2 M. Nepołokoutz; 1561/2 M. fužan. Nearing (1641/2 M.) Sadagóra, we obtain, to the right, a fine view of the town of Czernowitz, situated on the hill-side, with its numerous domes and towers. The train crosses the Pruth again. - 165 M. Czernowitz. — Hotels. *ADLER, Ring-Platz; * KRONPRINz voN OSTERREICH, GoLDNEs LAMM, both in the Siebenbürgergasse; HôTEL WEISS, high charges; HôTEL DE MOLDAVIE, Lembergergasse. — HôTEL DE PARIS, corner of Lembergergasse and Ring-Platz; GoLDNE BIRNE, Siebenbürgergasse, these two third-class. Restaurants. At the three first-named hotels; Maier, next door to the Adler; in the Musikvereinsgebäude, Mehl-Platz ; wine-rooms of Tabacar and Paczemski, Ring-Platz (good Moldavian wine and cold viands). — Cafés. De l'Europe, Herrngasse; Wilckens, Herrngasse (casino or club on first floor; strangers may be introduced); Wien, Lembergergasse; Bass (also restaurant), Zakrewski, Siebenbürgergasse; Café du Théâtre, by the Hôtel de Moldavie; Tesarz (confectioner), Ring-Platz. Baths. Warm and vapour, at the Sophienbad, Russische Gasse, and the Türkenbad, by the Türkenbrunnen. The Town Baths in the Volks- garten are open in summer only. River Baths in the Pruth, by the bridge. Czernowitz, the capital of the Bukowina, is situated on a rising ground on the right bank of the Pruth, which is crossed here by two bridges, Pop., including the extensive suburbs, 54,040, of - to Czernowitz. CZERNOWITZ. 74. Route. 403 whom about 16,000 are Jews. The town, which is entirely modern, is the seat of the governor of the Bukowina, of a Greek Oriental archbishop and consistory, of the provincial courts, and of a uni- versity (see below). - The most conspicuous building is the Archiepiscopal Palace, on a height at the end of the Bischofsgasse, an imposing brick edifice in the Byzantine style, erected by Hlawka in 1864-75. The richly-decorated *Reception Hall is worthy of a visit (apply to the castellan); the tower commands a fine view of the town and environs. The largest church in Czernowitz is the Greek Oriental Cathe- dral in the Franz-Josef-Platz, erected in 1864 in imitation of the church of St. Isaac at St. Petersburg. The tasteful Armenian Church, in a mixed Gothic and Renaissance style, was consecrated in 1875. The Roman Catholic Parish Church in the Lembergergasse, the Greek Catholic Church in the Russische Gasse, the Protestant Church in the Bischofsgasse, and the new Greek Oriental Parascewa Church are uninteresting. The handsome *Jewish Temple, in the Moorish style, with its conspicuous dome, was completed in 1877 from the plans of Zachariewicz, and is tastefully decorated in the interior. The University, founded in 1875, is attended by about 250 stud- ents. It has no medical faculty. The lectures are delivered partly in the Pädagogium in the Bischofsgasse, partly in the clergy-house adjoining the palace; the latter also contains the natural history and other collections. The Austria Monument in the Austria-Platz, executed by Pe- kary, and erected in 1875 to commemorate the centenary of Au- stria's possession of the Bukowina, consists of a marble figure of Austria on a pedestal of green Carpathian sandstone, adorned with bronze reliefs and inscriptions. – The new Theatre, in the Schulgasse, is tastefully fitted up (shut in summer). At the S. end of the town lies the Volksgarten (rail. stat.), a favourite resort with shady walks, containing the Schützenhaus (Restaurant), the Public Baths, and the Botanic Garden (to the S.W.). Pleasant walks to the Banaid Grove on the Bischofsberg, which affords a good view of the town, and to the (3/4 hr.) wood of Horecza, near the interesting old church of which we enjoy a fine survey of the valley of the Pruth is enjoyed. - FROM CZERNow ITZ To BUCHAREST (336 M.; express in 16 hrs.). At (56 M.) Suczawa-Itzkany, the Austrian frontier-station, luggage is examined at the custom-house for travellers coming from Bucharest, and a long halt usually takes place (Buffet). 58/2 M. Bordujeni, the first Roumanian Station (custom-house revision for travellers from Austria). The train now runs near the Szeret, the principal river of Moldavia. From (67. M.) Yeresti a branch-line diverges to Botoşani. 96 M. Pascani, junction for Jassy, Kºshenev, and Odessa; 120 M. Roman; 148 M. Bakau; 200 M. Marasest; (branch-lines vià Tecuciu to Berlad and to Galaţ2); 212 M. Foscani; 2551/2 M. £uceu (branch-line to Braila and Galatz); 298/2 M. Ploesti (p. 421); 336 M. Bucharest, see p. 421. . . 26% 404 75. From Stanislau by Stryj, Neu-Zagórz, and Saybusch to Dziedzitz. 365 M. RAILwAY in 20-24 hrs. ; fares 28 fl. 42, 19 fl. 11, 12 fl. 46 kr. Stanislau, see p. 402. The train crosses the Bystrica. Near (26 M.) Kałusz, a busy little town, it crosses the Lomnica. Beyond (35M.) Krechowice we near the N. spurs of the Carpathians. Pretty hill-scenery. From (44. M.) Dolina a local line runs to the large steam-sawmill of (6 M.) Wygoda. We cross the Swica to (52 M.) Bolechów. 58 M. Morszyn, with mud-baths. We cross the Stryj to (67. M.) Stryj (Rail. Rest.; pop. 16,276), a district town with important cattle-markets, visited in summer for the sake of the river-baths, junction for Munkács and Lemberg (pp. 379, 404). 76 M. Gaje- Wyºne; 80 M. Bolechowce-Neudorf. From (84. M.) Drohobycz (Rail. Rest.; pop. 17,784), a district town with a château, a fine Gothic church, salt-works, and brisk trade, a branch-line runs S.W. through the Tyśmienica Valley to (71/2 M.) Borysław, with its valuable petroleum and ozocerite beds, which yield about 30000 tons of petroleum annually. To the S. of Drohobycz (6 M.) are the sulphur and salt baths of Truskawiec. — 92 M. Dobrowlany; 102 M. Dublany-Kranzberg; then across the Dniester to (1101/2 M.) Sambor, a district town (14,324 inh.). The train crosses the Struwiaz, a tributary of the Dniester. Stations Nadyby and Gleboka–Fulsztyn. 130 M. Chyrów (Rail. Rest.), junction for Przemyśl (p. 400). 1411/2 M. Króscienko. The train crosses the Strywiaz and runs through a wooded hill-region. 144 M. Ustrzyki; 157 M. Olszanica. Then through a short tunnel in the valley of the San to (164. M.) Lisko-Lukawica, and across the San and the Oslawa to (1691/2 M.) Neu-Zagórz (Rail. Rest.), a basket-making place, junction of the Carpathian line to Mező-Laborcz and Legenye-Mihályi (p. 378). The Galician line follows the San to (1731/2 M.) Sanok, a town of 5000 inh., and turns to the W. to Nowosielce-Gniewosz, Zarszyn, Rymanów, and (1931/2 M.) Iwonicz, with baths containing salt, iodine, and bromine. 198 M. Krosno. At (2021/2 M.) Jedlicze we cross the Jasiołka, and at (212 M.) Jasło the Wisłoka, and then enter the smiling Ropa Valley. 2274/2 M. Zagórzany, junction for Gorlice (pop. 4500), with weaving and other industries, situated on a hill on the Ropa, 3 M. to the S.W. In the vicinity are large deposits of asphalt. We ascend the Moszczanka and Wolska valleys to (234 M.) Wola Žužánska, and then descend the valley of the Biała to (241 M.) Stróże (Rail. Rest.), where the line from Tarnow joins ours on the right (p. 400). We follow the Biała to (248 M.) Grybów (1145 ft.), a prettily situated little town, with large naphtha refine- ries. Crossing the Biała by a lofty viaduct, we next wind round the Górki (1854 ft.), through picturesque hill-scenery, to (249. M.) Płaszkówa (1559 ft.), on the watershed between the Biała and the BIELITZ. 75. Route. 405 Dunajec, descend to (255 M.) Kamionka in the Królowa Valley, and cross the Kamienica to — 260 M. Neu-Sandec (Rail. Rest.). The town (pop. 12,712), 2 M. off, lies in a plain, on the Dunajec, at the mouth of the Ka-. mienica. Railway to Orlö, Eperjes, and Kaschau, see p. 377. From (4!/2 M.) Alt-Sandee to the baths of Szczawnica, see p. 377. We cross the Dunajec, follow it to (268 M.) Marcinkowice, and enter the valley of the Smolnik. Stations Limanowa, Tymbark, Mszana Dolna (where the Mszana is crossed). The line proceeds through the Raba Valley to Rabka and (3011/2 M.) Chabówka (Rail. Rest.), station for Newmarkt and Zakopane (p. 394, 405). Then N.W. to (308 M.) Jordanów, and through the picturesque Skawa Valley to Osielec, (318 M.) Maków, and (323 M.) Sucha (Rail. Rest.), junction of the Cracow line. To Pop GóRZE (Cracow) rail in 2/2 hrs., by , Kalwarya (junction for Bielitz, see below) and Skawina (branch to Óswigéim, p. 395). From Pod- górze-Bonapka junction-line to Cracow (p. 396). - We traverse pleasant wooded valleys to Lachowice and (332"|2M.) Hucisko, and descend into the Koszarawa Valley. Beyond Jelesnia and Friedrichshütte we cross the Sola. 345 M. Saybusch-Zabłocie (Rail. Rest.). Saybusch, Pol. Zywiec (4437 inh.), with an in- teresting old castle, lies 3/4 M. off, at the influx of the Koszarawa into the Sola. Near it are large factories and agricultural works owned by Archduke Albert. — To Sillein (p. 385), 55 M., rail by Zwardon and Csácza in 51/2 hrs. We now run through the valley of the Biala, which here forms the boundary between Galicia and Austrian Silesia, to (358. M.) Bielitz (pop. 14,499), a manufacturing town on the Biala, with extensive woollen industry, engine-factories, etc., and a handsome château with a fine park. On the opposite bank of the Biala is the Galician town of Biala (pop. 7620), another busy trading and in- dustrial place. At (365 M.) Dziedzitz the line joins the Oderberg and Cracow railway (p. 395). - TRANSYLVANIA. TRANSYLVANIA, called Erdély-Ország by the Magyars, and Ar- dealu by the Roumanians (both meaning ‘forest-land'), is a moun- tainous district of about 21,000 sq. M. in extent, lying between Hungary on the W. and Roumania on the E. Its German name of Siebenbürgen has been variously derived from the first seven ‘burgs’, or fortresses, built by the German colonists, from the seven once fortified towns of Hermannstadt, Klausenburg, Kronstadt, Bistritz, Mediasch, Mühlenbach, and Schässburg, or lastly, and most probably, from the Zibin Mts. and the river Zibin on its S. frontier. Hermannstadt, which lies on the Zibin, is still named Nagy Szeben by the Hungarians; and Sibiu by the Roumanians. History. At the beginning of the Christian era the district now known as Transylvania formed part of the kingdom of Dacia, and in 107 A.D., on the subjugation by Trajan of Decebalus, the last Dacian sovereign, it was incorporated with the Roman province of Dacia. It remained under Roman sway till 274 A. D., when the Emperor Aurelian was compelled to withdraw his troops and the flower of the Roman colonists across the Danube by the Gothic hordes from the N., which now poured into the country. From this date down to the beginning of the 12th cent. Transylvania formed the great theatre of battles between the Ostrogoths, Huns, Longo- bards, Bulgarians, Magyars, Kumans, and other Eastern races which kept surging towards Western Europe. During the reign of Ladislaus I., King of Hungary (1078–96), who conquered the Ku- mans, Transylvania was united to Hungary, and began for the first time to enjoy the blessings of peace and order. Geisa II. (1141–64), who distinctly perceived the importance of Tran– Sylvania as the key of Hungary on the E., summoned German colonists to re-people and cultivate the desolated territory (“de- sertum’) and to protect the empire (‘ad retinendam coronam'). These immigrants, chiefly dwellers on the Middle Rhine (Middle Franconians), and collectively known as Savons, settled in the ‘Land unter dem Walde’, or district below the forest (Broos, Mühlenbach, and Reussmarkt), in the ‘Altland’ (Her- mannstadt, Leschkirch, Gross-Schenk, Reps), and in the ‘Weim- land' (Mediasch and Schässburg), where they built towns and tilled the soil. Andreas I. (1204-35) made over the Burzenland (see p. 416) to the Teutonic Order, which had been founded shortly before (in 1191), but had to recall this privilege and expel the knights of the Order in 1225, on their attempt to lay the conquered country at the feet of Pope Honorius III. as the property of the T 18 is 3 Fº --~~~E~~~~~~~--- i-º-º- -- º == --> -- - --- ... .22 - - º - - - - - : - -- - 23" opropole - º § { {i. * Nº 3 || R (; ; Nº - - ºr kamºa ºrg. & Brzeń ºdhayce *****ººr" º º | º ſlº. º 4J J'ſ ºſ ſº ſº. Storož º, sº- Starest ołółrka, °stratyn, - +8- -----------, -u º No -- - - -------, - £rhomeſ; * ||\o Firlej Zaratów ºczarz In Maass stab e der Hauptkar te - Y º Cr- 2:2 . - rºyaat - - - - º, (Aleb ice P o 3. Rohatyn. o º #ºnec kay ºffelnica. -- º - o !....7. o - wº - |}|E UNTEREN |}{)NAULANI)}. R. cker. º ybranor .." "S *anasteråysiſ ºxº *: --> in.......: - N * | Strazza, sº \}}\º w doºr Burszt. - - 3. - 3. sciecz * Zur Ubersicht der 3: º “’ ” tºgetiX2 º’. ivan d.º. *... 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Miles 68, tº szºº TRANSYLVANIA, 407 apostolic see. The same monarch, however, granted a charter (the “Golden Bull') to the other German settlers, on which the rights and privileges of the Germans in Transylvania have rested for cen- turies, and which was solemnly confirmed by several of his suc- cessors. During the following centuries Transylvania shared the for- tunes of the kingdom of Hungary. Swarms of Mongolians (from 1241 onwards) and Turks (from 1420) invaded and ravaged the country, not, however, without meeting a heroic resistance (as from Hunyady Janos, d. 1456), and compelled the three privileged ‘Nations' of Transylvania, the Hungarians, Szeklers, and Germans, to form in 1437 a “fraternal union’ for mutual protection. After Lewis II. of Hungary had lost his life and crown, and Hungary her independence, at the battle of Mohács in 1526, the victorious Turks made Transyl- vania an independent principality under Turkish protection, and it was thenceforth governed by princes elected by the people and approved by the Sultan. Of these the most eminent was Bethlen Gábor (Gabriel), who reigned from 1613 to 1629. The fluctuating policy of Turkey ànd of Austria, which possessed a hereditary claim to Transylvania, involved the country in numerous conflicts, but the Turks were at length decisively defeated at Vienna in 1683, and after the Peace of Karlowitz in 1699 they abandoned their claim to the principality. On 4th Dec., 1691, Emp. Leopold I., by the ‘Leo- poldine Diploma’, ratified the public and private laws of Transyl- vania, guaranteed religious toleration, and annexed the country to Austria. The population consisted at that period of Germans, who had been Lutherans since 1540, Hungarians and Szeklers, who had embraced the Calvinistic doctrines in 1557, and also of Socinians or Unitarians (a sect established in 1568) and of Roman Catholics. An insurrection under Francis II. Rakoczy in 1704–10, known as the “Kurutzen War', was quelled by the Austrians, and in 1718 the Turks were again defeated, and compelled by the Peace of Passa- rowitz to recognise the supremacy of Austria. Since that period Transylvania, which was erected into a “grand principality’ by Maria. Theresa, has shared the fortunes of Austria and Hungary. The rebellion of Nicolaus Urss (Horjah) in 1784 and the revolution- ary years 1848 and 1849 were attended by many evils. Since 1868 Transylvania has been in legislative and administrative re- spects incorporated with Hungary, while still retaining part of its own ancient law. Inhabitants. The Hungarians, or Magyar conquerors. The Szeklers, or Magyars, who were settled in E. Transylvania in the 11th cent., in order to act as ‘Szekler', or guardians of the frontier, and who erroneously regard themselves as descendants of the Huns. The Hungarians and Szeklers together number about 612,000 souls. t The Saa.ons, about 212,000 in number, the descendants of the German immigrants invited by Geisa II. (p. 406) from the Middle 408 - TRANSYLVANIA. Rhine, were at first called Teutones, Teutonici Hospites, or Flan- drenses, but since 1238 have been known as Saxones or Saxons (Nieder-Sachsen). The Germans of the Nösner Land (p. 420) are also called Saxons. - These three races have from an early period shared the govern- ment of the country among them, as being, by virtue of conquest and colonisation, the sole “privileged nations'. Transylvania, how- ever, is peopled by various other races. Indeed the principal part of the population consists of Roumanians or Wallachians, of whom there are no fewer than 1,152,000. They regard themselves as the lineal descendants of the Roman colonists, but are in reality a mixed race, made up of Roman, Bulgarian, and other elements, which was formerly settled on the Balkans. Driven thence by the Greek Emperor Isaac Angelus about 1186, they migrated to the left bank of the Danube, and, after the power of the Kumans had been broken by the Teutonic Order, crossed the mountains and entered Tran- sylvania. They named themselves Roumanians as members of the E. Roman Empire (Rûm), and had adopted the Greek form of Christianity during their long subjection to the Greek emperors. According to another, but untenable view, the Roumanians were settled on the left bank of the Danube long before the advent of the Magyars, but were from the first treated by their conquerors and the foreign colonists as destitute of political rights. . Another element in the population consists of the Armenians, 4400 in number, who first settled in Transylvania about 1660, and who occupy the towns of Szamos Ujvár, Elisabethstadt, and Gyergyó Szt. Miklos. There are also about 88,000 Gipsies in Transylvania, of whom we hear as early as 1417, when they were governed by a Woiwode of their own. Most of them are nomads; but at Három- szek, Torda, Ober-Weissenburg, and Innerszolnok some of them have settled down and become industrious husbandmen. The other races represented are Jews (26,000), Bulgarians, Servians, and Greeks. – The total population is in round numbers 2,120,000. Plan of Tour. The S. and W. parts of Transylvania are the most interesting. The two principal approaches to the country are the railway from Pest by Grosswardein and Klausenburg to Kron- stadt (also for travellers from the N., from Miskolc; and Kaschau) and the railway by Arad and Hermannstadt to Kronstadt. The re- turn-route from Kronstadt may be made by Bucharest and Orsova. The excursions mentioned at pp. 416,417 are recommended to those interested in the Szeklers. In districts to which neither trains nor diligences have yet penetrated, decent carriages may be hired for 6-7 fl. a day; and where the roads are unsuitable for these vehicles, ox-carts and saddle-horses are used. The poor saddles generally require shawls or rugs to make them comfortable. — Guides, ne- cessary for mountain-excursions, may be obtained in the neigh- bouring villages. * - 409 76. From Arad to Hermannstadt. 203 M. RAILWAY (Ungarische Staatsbahn) in 181/2-17 hrs. (fares 8 fl., 5 fl. 60 kr., 4 fl.). From Grosswardein to Klausenburg, see R. 65; from Klausenburg to Hermannstadt, see R. 78. Arad, see p. 367. The Temesvár line (see p. 367) diverges to the right. The Transylvanian railway follows the valley of the Maros; on the left rise the vine-clad Arad Hills, with the ruined castle and village of Világos (p. 367), Stations Glogovátz, Gyorok, Paulis. 22 M. Radna, or Maria-Radna, with a pilgrimage-church with two towers, containing a wonder-working image of the Virgin. On the opposite bank of the Maros lies Lippa (Jägerhorn; King of Hungary; pop. 6800), the chief depôt of the salt of Transylvania. On the left stands the ruin of Solymos. The train follows the right bank of the Maros. Stations Konop (with a château), Berzova, Tótvárad (goods-line to Maros-Szlatina), Soborsin (with château and park of Count Nádasdy). At (64 M.) Zám we cross the frontier of Transylvania. 741/2 M. Guraszáda, with an old church; to the right, in the distance, Dobra, with its ruined castle. 771/2 M. Maros Illye, birthplace of Bethlen Gábor (1580–1629), prince of Transylvania (p. 407). Near (84. M.) Bra- myicska, with the small château of the Hungarian novelist Nicolaus Jósika (1794–1865), we cross the Maros. On the right is Wecel, with the ruins of a Roman fort. - 92 M. Déva (Hôt. Riszko, at the station; pop. 4700) is the capi- tal of the county of Hunyad. The castle, on a trachyte rock, 610 ft. high (3/4 hr.), affords a fine view of the valleys of the Cserna, the Strel, and the Maros, and of the Hatszeg Mts. (p. 410). The Gold Mines of Wagyóg are reached from Déva in 4 hrs. (carriage to Csertés in 2 hrs., 1-1/2 fl. ; thence by ox-cart or on horseback). The gold is found in the greenstone and trachyte rock, in conjunction with tellurium. Beautiful view. - - The train crosses the Cserna (view of the Transylvanian Erz- gebirge to the left). 98 M. Piski (Rail. Rest.), at the confluence of the Strel with the Maros. The bridge over the Strel here was de- fended against the Austrians in 1849 by General Bem. To VAJDA HUNYAD (10 M., rail in 50 min. ; 40, 22, 15 kr.). At Wajda Hunyad, Ger. Eisenmarkt (Strauss; Krone), which lies at the confluence of the Cserna and the Zalasd, is the castle of Hunyady Janos (1887-1456), the celebrated conqueror of the Turks. The Gothic building to the right of the entrance was built by Hunyady himself, the rest by Matthew Corvinus (1486) and Bethlen Gábor (1619–24). The castle was injured by a fire in 1854, but was restored in 1870. In the vicinity are the iron- works of Gyalár, Telek, and Govasdia, connected by a wire-rope railway. A bad road leads in 1 hr. from Vajda Hunyad to Kalán, a station on the Piski and Petrosény railway (see below). FRQM PISKI To THE HATszEG VALLEY AND To PETRoséNY. (50 M.; rail in 48/4 hrs. ; fares 2 fl. 50, 2 ſl., 1 fl. 25 kr.). The line traverses the valley of the Strel, 9 M. Zeykfalva-Kalān. At the village of Kalān, 2 M. to the Nº,...are, extensive foundries and warm baths (Inn); Zeykfalva, to the S., ... has an ancient church, said to date from the Roman period. 11 M. Russ; -. 18'ſ, M. Várall.ja-Hätszeg (Zur Brücke; Lamm), with a fine view of the 410 Route 76. KARLSBURG. From Arad valley of the Hätszeg (finest from the Orlia Hill, ſ/4 hr. W. of the station, with the ruins of a Roman watch-tower). [The VALLEY OF THE HATSZEG, chiefly insteresting on account of the manners and costumes of its Roumanian inhabitants, may be explored from this point by carriage in 8 hours. The route leads by Fanºkadin and Démsus to Várhely (the Dacian Sarmizegetusa, the Roman Ulpia Trajana), with numerous Roman relics, whence we return either direct, or by Malomwiz (whence the Retjezat, 8.190 ft., may be ascended), Malajësd, and Szóláspačak, to stat. Púj.] Beyond (271/2 M.) Púj the line quits the valley of the Strel and ascends that of the Banicza. 351/2 M. Krivádia, with a Roman watch-tower. We then ascend in long windings, passing the village of Merison far below, to the right, to (42/2 M.) Banicza, the highest point of the line, 680 ft. above the Maros valley. 50 M. Petrosény (2001 ft. ; Prokop; Pichler; pop. 3774), lying in a beautiful valley, is the present terminus of the railway, the prolongation of which to Roumania is projected. The neighbouring valley of the Syl contains a large coal-bed, 36 sq. M. in area, and 3-25 ft. in thickness. The Vulcan Pass and the Csetaiye Bole, a cavern with an entrance 65 ft. high and 50 ft. wide, are within easy reach of Petrosény, 108 M. Broos, Hung. Szászváros (735 ft.; *Hôtel Széchenyi; National; pop. 5650, chiefly Saxon), lies in the Saxon ‘Königs- boden', in the “Land unter dem Walde'. Observe the mediaeval buildings near the church. Walk to the top of the Holumbu (1116ft.; extensive view). On the Győgy, on the right bank of the Maros, lie the small baths of Feredö Gyögy, 3 M. to the N. ExCURSIONS. To the iron-works of Sebeshêly, 1 hr. S.; on a spur of the hills a ruined castle. Pleasant drive into the mountains, passing several villages, to (3/2 hrs.) Gredisiye (quarters at the forester's). Thence ride to the (3 hrs.) venerable ruins of a Roman (Dacian) castle. 116 M. Alkenyér (Sibót) lies in the fertile plain called the Brodfeld (Kenyérmezö), where Stephan Báthory defeated the Turks under Ali Beg in 1479. On the left is Uj-Vincz. 1254/2 M. Al- vincz, with a castle in which Cardinal Martinuzzi was assassinated in 1551. On the opposite bank of the Maros lies Borberek, noted for its wine. — The train crosses the Maros near Maros Porto. 434 M. Karlsburg, formerly Weissenburg, Hung. Gyula Fehér- vár (*Hôtel National, R. 80 kr.-11/2 fl. ; Europa ; König von Ungarn; Rail. Rest.; pop. 8000, many of them Jews), the Roman Apulum, was once the capital of the princes of Transylvania. Many Roman relics in the vicinity. The only attraction is the Citadel. Here rises the *Cathedral of St. Michael, containing the sarcophagi of John Hunyady (d. 1456), his son Ladislaus (beheaded 1457), and his brothers, of Queen Isabella (d. 1556) and her son John Sigismund (d. 1571). Within the fortress are also the Episcopal Palace; the Artillery Barracks (with fine collection of weapons); the Church of the Jesuits, the resting-place of Christof Báthory (d. 1581), now a military magazine; the Academy, now a barrack, built by Bethlen Gábor as a Protestant grammar-school, where the poet Martin Opitz taught philosophy in 1622–23; and, lastly, the Batthyaneum, founded by Bishop Count Batthyány in 1794, with geological and archaeo- logical collections, a library, and an observatory. to Hermannstadt. Tô VIS. 76. Route. 411 To the S. of Karlsburg (8 M.; diligence in 13/4 hr. ; 60 kr.) lies Mühl- bach (Hung. Szász Sebes; pop. 9700), a Saxon town, with an interesting Protestant church of the 15th cent. on Roman foundations. Excellent wine is produced in the environs. FROM KARLSBURG. To ABRUDBANYA, in the Transylvanian Erzgebirge, post-Omnibus in 91/2 hrs. ; but better to hire a carriage. The excursion takes three days in all, one day being spent at Abrudbänya. The road ascends the Ompoly Valley, passing the villages of Tótfalu (with the castle of Szt. Mihalykö, on a rock, erected by Bela IV. in 1268), Pre- Szaka, Petroszán, and Zalathna (Ger. Klein-Schlatten ; with several gold- mines; near it are the gold-mine of Dumbrăra and the cinnabar-deposits of Babója). We next pass a monument in memory of the making of the road (1836) and the village of Bucsum, and reach (401/2 M.) the town of Abrudbánya, Ger. Gross-Schlatten (1970 ft.; pop. 3000, Rouman. and Hungar.). The road to the famous Gold Mines leads past the base of the Detunata Gola, a basaltic rock 360 ft. high, on a neighbouring hill. Several of its columns, which rise in clusters, have been overthrown by lightning, whence the epithet “detunata'. Beyond it we come to Cetate Mare and Mike, a huge isolated mass of rock, which has been hollowed out in the form of a crater by Roman miners. Farther on is Verespatak, the Roman Alburnus Major. By the brook are seen many gold-washers, chiefly gip- sies. From this point we may return to Abrudbänya. A good road leads from Abrudbānya, by Topanºfalva in the Aranyos Valley, to Lupsa, and through the romantic Borrév Pass to Torda (p. 418). Beyond Karlsburg the line traverses a small plain, the scene of the battle of Szt. Imre, where Hunyady Janos routed the Turks under Mezet Beg in 1442. On the left rise the spurs of the Tran- sylvanian Erzgebirge; the tower-shaped peak is named Kecskekô (Wallachian Piatra Capri, ‘goat's rock'). 1431/2 M. Tövis (Rail. Rest.), where we join the Hungarian Staatsbahn (R. 78). The train turns to the E. and crosses the Maros near the influx of the Kokel, the valley of which it then follows. 153 M. Karácsonfalva; then across the Kleine Kokel to (158 M.) Blasendorf (Balázsfalva; pop. 1300, Roumanian); 164 M. Hosszúaszó (Ger. Langenthal); 470 M. Mikeszásza. 1751/2 M. Klein-Kopisch, Hung. Kis-Kapus (Rail, Rest.), junc- tion for Hermannstadt. (To Kronstadt, see p. 443.) The RAILWAY TO HERMANNSTADT turns S. into the Walley of the Weissbach or Wiza. Stations Markt-Schelken (Hung. Nagy Selyk), Ladámos. 197 M. Salzburg, Hung. Wizakna (Hôtel Nendwich; Fronius, with garden), with salt-mines and salt-water ponds, form- ed by the falling in of shafts driven into the rock-salt. The ‘Tö- köly' is a saline spring used for bathing; the water is so saturated with salt (200/6) that the bather finds it difficult to keep under. Echo in one of the disused salt-mines. 203 M. Hermannstadt. — ”Hot EL NEURTHRER; *RöMISCHER KAISER; MEDIAs CHER HoF and HABERMANN, unpretending. — Cafés : Möfert, Klaus, Lazar. — Beer: Hermannsgarten, Josefsgarten, Quandt, Novara. – Wine : Eder, Fronius, Kirchgatter, Pulver. — Baths: Frähbeck's, warm and vapour; Military Swimming Bath, 10 kr.: River Baths by the Heidenmühle. Hermannstadt (1411 ft.), Hung. Nagy Szeben, Roum. Sibiu, Lat. Cibinium, the former capital of Transylvania, and one of the earliest Saxon colonies, lies on a hill on the river Zibin. It is now the cap- ital of the county of the same name and seat of the Prot. Super- 412 Route 76. HERMANNSTADT. intendent and of a Greek Oriental archbishop. Of its 21,500 in- hab., two-thirds are Saxons. The central point of traffic is the Grosse Ring (Pl. C, 4). - - The Protestant Church (Pl. 4), dating from the 13th-16 cent., contains a beautiful cup-shaped font, cast by Meister Leonhardus in 1438. On the N. wall of the choir is a large mural painting of the *Crucifixion, with numerous figures, by Johann of Rosenau (1445), one of the best specimens of Transylvanian art. In the sacristy are valuable chalices and ciboria, 15th-17th cent., and vestments embroidered with gold. The ‘New Church', an addition of the 16th cent., contains many interesting tombstones of old Saxon counts, burgomasters, etc. (Apply at Huêtplatz 1.) . The Church of the Ursuline Nuns, the Roman Catholic Church, the Chapel by the Elisabeth-Thor, with a huge crucifix carved from a single block of stone by Landregen of Ratisbon (1417), the Prot. Hospital Church; and the Greek and reformed churches are without artistic merit. - - ' - - The Rathhaus (Pl. 9), originally the fortified dwelling of a pa- trician, purchased by the town in 1545, presents interesting archi- tectural details. In the court are the Archives of the ‘Saxon Nation’, above which is a well-arranged armoury. The staircase passes a remarkably fine door of the beginning of the 16th cent. The Brukenthal Palace (Pl. 4), built by Baron Brukenthal, governor of Transylvania under Maria. Theresa, contains (on the first floor) the Collection of the Natural History Society, including specimens of the entire fauna and flora of Transylvania, a well- arranged geological cabinet, and curiosities from Africa and Ja- pan. In the court are a Library of 40,000 vols. and 500 Incunabula (Codex Altenberger; superb missal); a Cabinet of Minerals, with beautiful specimens from the Erzgebirge ; and an Archaeological Collection, rich in Transylvanian coins. On the second floor is a Picture Gallery (about 1100; many copies). WALKs. On the old ramparts (military band on Tues. in summer); in the Erlenpark and Junge Wald; to (1/2 hr.). Hammersdorf (two Inns) and to the (1/4 hr.) Grigorivate, on the Grigoriberg (1972 ft.). Fine views of the mountains from all these points. Jº. Excurs Ions. – To HELTAU AND MICHELSBERG (2 hrs. ; carr. 4 fl. ; dilig. daily, 40 kr.). Heltau (Hung. Wagy Disznád, Roum. Cisnedia), 8 M. to the S. of Hermannstadt, is a large Saxon village, prettily situated on the Kalibach, on the N.E. slope of the wooded Götzenberg (see below). . The church contains a cross and monstrance, masterpieces of the goldsmith's art among the Saxons in the 15th cent. — Michelsberg, Hung. Kis Disznod, Roum. Cisnădiora (1916 ft. ; *Inn), 3/4 M. to the W. of Heltau, is the only Saxon mountain-village. Close to it rises a wooded hill with a ruined castle and a tolerably preserved Romanesque church. The Götzenberg (4196 ft.), an admirable point of view, is ascended without difficulty from Michelsberg on foot or on horseback in 21/2-3 hrs. (refuge at the top). . . To STOLZENBURG (3 hrs. to the N.), with the picturesque ruins of a castle built by the Saxon peasants; thence in 1/2 hr. to the Mud Volcanoes of Reussen ; back vià (1 hr.) Laddmos (p. 412). - - - , - To THE Roth ENTHURM PAss (5 hrs. ; carr. 6-8 fl.). The high-road follows the valley of the Zibin to Schellenberg, where Andreas Báthory was defeated « Tº ºs « « • • • R. 4. B:4. . B. C. 4, 1. Bruckenthal Palais . . B. .C.4.10. Theater . . Kirchen : 2.Erangelische Schwie. 4. Evangel. Pfarrk. . . 3.6 ewerbeverein . #2. Lutherhaus, W. H. Annstant ERM 1 : 18, 750 Bischöfl. Residenz B.4. 5.criech. Firehe und. 6. Nonnenkloster wrvd. 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Č.3 }- FT 1 : 25, 0 0 0 Met & Yº· ·1. 13. m.* K. . = Nº | {{ôtels : C, 2 €.3 Wagner &:Iſebes, Leipzig. - SCHASSBURG. 77. Route. 413 in 1599 by the Wallachian Woiwode Michael, and to Talmesch, Hung. Talmócs, above which is the ruined castle of Landskron, built in 1870 and demolished in 1453 (fine view). Then through the valley of the Alt or Oltu. to Boicza, with the ‘red tower” (65 ft. high, 32 ft. in diameter), which has given name to the Rothenthurm Pass (1198 ft.), a passage through the hills formed by the Alt. Beyond the pass we reach the Custom House and the Roumanian frontier. (The Surul, 7507 ft., may be ascended from this point.) The diligence runs in 33 hrs. by Rozia, Rimnik, and Kurtea de Argis to Pitesti, on the railway to Bucharest (p. 369). FROM HERMANNSTADT BY Fog ARAs To KRONSTADT (87 M. ; dilig. in 171/2 hrs. ; 8 fl. 40 kr.; carr. and pair in two days, 26 fl.). The road leads to Schellenberg and Westen, crosses the Zibin, and follows the valley of the Alt to Girelsau, Freck, and (20 M.) Porumbák. To the S. tower the Fo- garas Mts., including the Surul (7507 ft.), Budislav (7940ft.), Wegoi (8320 ft.), and Buteanu (8235 ft.). To the left are the picturesque ruins of the Cister- cian abbey of Kerz, suppressed by Matthew Corvinus in 1474 on account of the immorality of the monks. The next places are Alsó-Utsa; Voila, where a road diverges on the left to Gross-Schenk; Agnethlen (Hung. Szt. . Agotha); and (461/2 M.) Fogaras (*Hot. Mercur; pop. 5860), capital of the county of that name. From (55 M.) Sárkány a road diverges on the left to Reps (rail. Stat., p. 444). The Kronstadt road ascends past Persdºny to the saddle of the Geisterwald (2008 ft.), which separates the valley of the Alt from the plain of Burzen, and descends by Vledény to Zeiden, at the base of the Zeidnerberg (4245 ft.), the scene of bloody contests between Kron- stadt and Prince Gabriel Báthory in 1612. At Weidenbach we enjoy a glimpse of the beautiful Rosenaw Valley to the right (p. 416). 87 M. Kron- stadt (see p. 414). - 77. From Hermannstadt to Kronstadt. 1381/2. M. RAILwAY in 6!/2-11 hrs. ; fares 13 fl. 20, 9 fl. 20, 6 fl. 50 kr. To (28 M.) Klein-Kopisch (Rail. Rest.), see p. 411. The train then follows the valley of the Grosse Kokel to (35M.) Medias, Hung. Medgyes (Schütze; Traube; pop. 6750, chiefly Saxon), in the ‘Wein- land’, the centre of the wine-trade of Transylvania, with a fortified church and an agricultural school. To the N.W. (3 M.) are the small iodine and salt baths of Baassen, Hung. Felsö-Bajom, or Bázna; 11/2 M. to the E. is Darlócz, or Durles, the Protestant church of which is adorned with interesting mural paintings. 41 M. Eezel, Ger. Hetzelsdorf; 451/2 M. Elisabethstadt, Hung. Erzsébétváros (formerly Ebesfalva), a royal free town, capital of the county of Kis-Kukölö, with 2550 inhab., chiefly Armenians, and an old château of Prince Apafi, now occupied by public offices. To the S.W. (6 M. ; carr. in 1 hr.) lies Birthelm, which yields excel- lent wine, with a handsome church within the imposing castle. The church contains a reredos and choir-stalls of the beginning of 16th cent, and tombstones of 17th cent. 524/2 M. Dunesdorf, Hung. Dámos. On the left lies Gross- Alisch, or Nagy Szólás, where Prince Kemeny fell in 1662 in a battle with Michael Apafi. - - 581/2 M. Schässburg, Hung. Segesvár (Goldner Stern; Rail. Rest.; pop. 9650, Sax., Hung., and Roum.), capital of the county of Nagy-Kukölö, was founded by the Saxons. Beautiful view from the top of the Oberstadt or Burg, also called the Schulberg, with its Wall and many towers and its little church. (The *Ciborium and 414 Route 77. KRONSTADT. ..choir-stalls are ascribed to the sons of Veit Stoss of Nuremberg.) The Gymnasium contains a good collection of antiquities. – Branch- line to Székely Udvárhely, see p. 447. At (641/2 M.) Héjasſalva the line quits the Kokel Valley and turns S.E. into the valley of the Erked. Beyond (741/4 M.) Erked (Saxon) a long tunnel between the valleys of the Erked and the Rönigsbach. Stations Mehburg, Hung. Benne; Katzendorf, Hung. Kacza. We now follow the Homoród Valley. Nearing (92 M.) Ho- mordd we obtain, to the right, a view of the valley of the Kosa, in which lies Reps, Hung. Köhalom, a Saxon town of 2775 inh., with a picturesque castle on a basaltic hill, at the base of which lies a small sulphur-bath. - ! The train enters the Valley of the Alt. On the left bank lies the village of Hévíz, where the Romans had a fortified bridge. Op- posite is Galt, a Saxon castle (13th cent.). Stations Alsó-Rákos, Agostonfalva, and (1081/2 M.) Köpecz. A visit may be paid from Köpecz to the wild Wargyas Valley, to the N., with the rocky defile of Köcsur and the stalactite caverns of Aºmas. Railway and river turn to the S. 115 M. Apácza, Ger. Geist; 120 M. Nussdorf, Hung. Mogy ords; 125 M. Marienburg, Hung. Földvár, a Saxon town, on a hill, at the E. end of which is a ruined castle built in the time of the Teutonic Knights. The chalybeate baths of Elópatak (2044 ft.) lie in a wooded region, 5 M. to the N.E. (road by Hidwég and Arapataka; carr. in 11/4 hr., 2-3, omn. 1 fl.). 134 M. Brenndorf, Hung. Botfalu. - 1381/9 M. Kronstadt. — The station is 2 M. from the town. Hôtel- omnibuses meet the trains. Cab into the town 70 kr., at night 1 fl. — Hotels. In the immer town ; KRONE (Pl. B, C, 3), Klostergasse; UNION (Pl. B., 3), Schwarzgasse, with garden and Small open-air theatre. — In the Altstadt: HóT. BUKAREST (P.I. b), commercial ; GRÜNER BAUM (Pl. c), *NUMERo EINS (Pl. a), both with gardens. – Restaurants. “Hauptquartier Versailles, Spitalsneugasse, good wine; * Rosenkranz, Purzengasse, good cuisine; *Schützenhaus (P1. 17), with fine view. — Cafés. Weuriehrer, Lower Promenade; Drechsler. — Confectioner. Montaldo, Purzengasse. — Baths. Cold at the Swimming-Baths at Blumenau; warm and vapour behind the Roumanian gymnasium (upper suburb); warm also in the Rossmarkt and at the Hôtel Union. - Kronstadt (1877 ft.), Hung. Brassó, Roum. Brasov, a town with 30,750 inhab., of whom about 9000 are Saxons, capital of the county of that name, and the most important commercial and manufactur- ing town in Transylvania, lies in a charming basin, with an opening on one side only towards the Burzen plain. The town, which is girt with pleasant promenades, consists of four quarters: 1. The Inner Town, surrounded with walls, the centre of business; 2. The Altstadt, or O Brassó, the oldest quarter, founded by the Teutonic Knights, but repeatedly destroyed, and now modern and insigni– ficant; 3. Blumenau, Hung. Bolonya, the quarter next to the station, mainly inhabited by manufacturers (between which and the Inner Town is a small colony of Gipsies); 4. The Upper or Roumanian Suburb, resembling a village, chiefly occupied by Roumanians, said KRONSTADT. 77. Route. 415 to have been founded in 1392 by the Bulgarian labourers (hence called also Bolgárszeg) who came here to build the ‘Black Church’. In the centre of the principal square in the Inner Town stands the RATHHAUs (Pl. 15), built in 1420 (the tower earlier), and restored in 1770 in 18th cent. taste. In the same square, to the S., is the KAUFHAUs (Pl. 5), erected in 1545; the first floor is used on market-days by small dealers; on the ground-floor are vaults and store-rooms. The PROTESTANT CHURCH (Pl. 8), in the Kirch- hofplatz (Pl. B, 3), popularly called the ‘Black Church' from its smoke-stained walls, is a Gothic edifice of 1385–1425, with traces of Romanesque influence. On the exterior of the choir-wall are statues of the twelve Apostles, amidst foliage, once gilded, but now black. The altar, designed by Bartesch of Kronstadt, was carved by Schönthaler of Vienna in 1866; the altar-piece, ‘Christ among the weary and heavy-laden', is by Martersteig of Weimar. Carved choir-stalls; seats of the guilds, hung with rich Oriental tapestry. Johannes Honterus (1498–1549), the “Apostle of Transylvania' and founder of the German school-system, once preached in this church. The Sacristy contains fine ecclesiastical vessels and Westments. Large organ. — The HoNTERUS Gym NASIUM adjoining the church- yard contains Natural History and Archaeological Collections and a valuable library founded by Honterus in 1544. From the church we cross the Rossmarkt to the modern Girls’ School (Pl. 14), to the E. of which, by the Heiligleichnamsgässer- Thor, is the Turnschule. Opposite, in the open space between the inner town and the upper suburb, is the Roumanian Gymnasium (Pl. 16), to the left of which is the Prot. Church of the Oberwor- stadt. Higher up the valley is the Greek-Oriental CHURCH of ST. NICHOLAs (Pl. 10), originally of timber, afterwards built in stone, and restored in 1751. The Rom. Cath. Church (Pl. 11), Kloster- gasse, with the adjacent School and Gymnasium, occupies the site of an old Dominican monastery. The CHURCH of ST. BARTHOLOMEW (Pl. 6), at the end of the Altstadt, is the oldest church in the town. WALKs. The environs afford many pleasant excursions. To the (10 min.) top of the Schlossberg, with its citadel built by the Austrian general Count Arco in 1553 as a defence against the Wallachian Woi- wode Peter; fine view. — The (1 hr.) * Kapellenberg, or Zinne (3453 ft. ; 1276 ft. above the town), affords a beautiful survey of the town, the Burzenland, the Haromszék plain, and the Kászon Mts. to the N.E., the valley of the Alt and the Marienburg (p. 414) to the N., the Königsstein and Zeidnerberg to the S.W., and the Csukasberg to the S.E. — To the (3/4 hr.) Salomonsfelsen, or Salomon’s Rock, with the cascades of the Teufelsbach, and caverns in which the Hungarian King Salomon (d. 1087) is said to have dwelt after his defeat by the Bulgarians. LONGER Excursions. 1. By the Saxon Weustadt (Hung. Keresztény- falva) to (2 hrs.) *Rosenau, with its castle (2543 ft.), and to the (2 hrs.) fortress and pass of *Törzburg. On this excursion a visit may be paid to the Kalibas, a Roumanian race of gipsy blood, living in hovels in the straggling villages of Pºedjal, Szóhodol, and Poarta. From Törzburg the Bucsecs (8264 ft.) and the Königsstein, Hung. Király-kö (7360 ft.), may be ascended by experts (fatiguing but interesting). The route to the former 416 Route 77. LAND OF SZEKLERS, passes the rock-monastery of Skitta-Jalomicza ; the Königsstein is ascended by Tohan and Zernyest, where the Austrian general Heister was defeated by Emmerich Tököly in 1690. - 2. To the Tömös Pass (p. 421), turning to the right on the way back at Batschendorf, and passing through the Siebendörfer (‘seven villages") inhabited by Hungarians and Wallachians, who perhaps originally settled here to gu rā the frontier-passes. The sixth village is the watering-place of Zajzon. Thence back to Kronstadt vià, Tartlaw, with an interesting church and curious Saxon castle. Through the land of the Szeklers (p. 407), with its numerous baths and mineral Springs, the following routes are recommended. 1. FROM KRONSTADT BY SEPsi SzENT György To KEZDI VásáRHELY AND TUSNKD (diligence to Kézdi Vásárhely in 81/2 hrs., 5 fl. 4 kr.). The road leads through the plain of Burzen, passing Honigberg, Hung. Szász Hermány, and Illyefalva, to (21 M.) Sepsi Szent György, on the Alt, capital of the Szekler county of Haromszék (pop. 5650). Here the road turns E. into the valley of the Fekete Ügy. 43/2 M. Kézdi Vásárhely, a royal free town (pop. 4700, chiefly Prot.). Excursions from Vásárhely. By Imecsfalva and Zabola to the baths of Kovászna (3900 inh.), 71/2 M. to the S.E., the waters of which, called Pokólsdºr, of ash-gray hue and strongly impregnated with carbonic acid, are used in the form of “Gözló”, or vapour-baths in the cellars of some the houses. On the neighbouring Kopaszberg are iron-works. -: By Oroszfalu, Szászfalu, Wyujićd, Lemhény, and Bereczk to the Ojtosz Pass (1922 ft.), noted for its defence by the Hônveds against the Russian invaders in 1849. - To the Baths of Kászon, at the foot of the Kászon Mts., 3 M. to the N. To Tusnád (see below) by the road vià Szt. Lélek and Kászon Uffalu (18 M.); or by a rough path crossing the volcanic Bildósberg, on which are mineral springs and a cavern filled to a height of 1 ft. above the floor with carbonic acid gas mixed with a small percentage of hydrosulphuric acid gas (used as a bath). Hence to Tusnád, either direct by Bilkszád, or with a detour to the St. Anna Lake and the Csomalberg. 2. FROM. KRONSTADT TO THE BATHS OF BORSZEK, through the Upper Valley of the Ali and the Gyeºgó Plain, and back by Székely Udvarhely to Schässburg (to Borszék about 105 M., a drive of 2-2)/2 days). The road ascends the valley of the Alt from Sepsi Szent György (see above) to Bodok, with its mineral springs, the baths of Málmás, and Bük- szád. It then leads through the narrow defile of the Tusnádi Szoros, or Tusnád Pass, to the favourite baths of Tusnád, romantically situated about 45 M. from Kronstadt. We next traverse the county of Csik, passing its capital Csik Szereda, at the base of the Hargita (5718 ft.), and reach Csik Szent Domokos. (At Balanbónya, near the source of the Alt, 9 M. to the N., are iron and copper-works.) The road now quits the valley of the Alt, crosses the N. spur of the Hargita Mts., the watershed between the Alt and the Maros, and leads over the high-lying Plain of Gyergyó, by Vaslab and Tekerópatak, to Gyergyó Szent Miklós, a town of 6100 inh., mostly Armenians. Farther on is Szörhegy, with a Franciscan monastery and a château of Count Lazar; the latter, in which Prince Bethlen Gábor spent his youth, was destroyed during the Kurutz war, or Rakoczy rebellion, in 1705. Beyond Szárhegy the road leads by Ditro, the hill of Tilalmas, and a depression in the Közrész (4124 ft.), to — - The Baths of Borszék (good hotels), the most frequented watering- place in Transylvania. The chief spring, the Fökut, yields the Borszék Water, well known in Germany, which has a , pleasant acidulous and . slightly pungent flavour. The Lobogó Springs (0 and Uj Lobogó) are strongly impregnated with carbonic acid. – We return to Gyergyó Szent Miklós, where we may turn to the S.W. and proceed by Gyergyó Alfalu and Csoma Falva to Parajd (see below) and Székely Udvdºrhely. It is better, however, to return to Csik Szereda (see above), and thence take the post-vehicle (to Schässburg, p. 413, for three persons, in 12 hrs. ; fare KLAUSENBURG. 78. Route. 417 7 fl. 20 kr.) by Oldhfalu, the baths of Homoród, the Czekend (with a fine view of the imposing Hargita), Möréfalva, Fenyéd, and Bethlenfalva to — Székely Udvárhely, in the valley of the Grosse Kokel, capital of the county of Udvárhely, with 5500 inh., chiefly Szeklers. Attila is said to have once held his court here (Udvárhely, ‘place of a court”), and in past centuries it has been the Scene Of Several national assemblies. A digression may be made hence to the imposing SALT ROCKS OF PA- RAJD. The route leads by the Minorite monastery of Arcsa, and past the Rakodohegy, a party-coloured hill formed by the limestone deposits of a spring which rises on its summit, to the village of Sófalva (about 6 hrs. from Udvárhely) and to (1 hr.) Parajd. FROM SzéKELY UDVARHELY To SCHAssBURG, 301/2 M., railway in 3 hrs. through the valley of the Grosse Kokel, by Bögöz, Wagy Galambfalva, Székely or Szitäs Keresztur (so named from its manufacture of sieves, ‘SZitás" meaning ‘sieve-maker"), and (24!/2. M.) Héjasſalva, where we leave the land of the Szeklers. 301/2 M. Schässburg (p. 413). 78. From Klausenburg to Hermannstadt and Kronstadt. RAILWAY (Hungar. E. Railway) to Hermannstadt, 123 M., in 53/4-88/4 hrs. (fares 6 fl., 4 fl. 80 kr., 3 fl.); to Kronstadt, 206 M., in 8-121/2 hrs. (8 fl., 5 fl. 80 kr., 4 fl.). - Klausenburg, Hung. Kolozsvár (1145 ft.; Hôtel National; Eu- ropa; *Elisabeth; Pannonia ; König Matthias; Biasini; Rail. Rest.; cab to town 60, omn. 20 kr.), a town with 32,750 inhab., on the Kleine Szamos, founded by the Saxons in 1178, is the seat of the authorities of the county of Kolozs, of a Reformed and a Unitarian superintendent, and of a Magyar university (since 1872). Being the headquarters of the numerous noblesse of Transylvania, the town is very animated in winter. On the right bank of the Szamos lies the inner town, with its five suburbs, now united with it, as the old walls of the inner quarter have been removed. On the left bank is the ‘Bridge Suburb' (Hidelve), with the Citadel (Fellegvár), erected by General Steinvillein 1715. The slope of the citadel-hillis studded with gipsies' huts. The oldest part of the town is the N.W. corner, the Ovár, or ‘old castle', built by the Saxons. The Saxons of Klau- senburg, having adopted the Socinian creed, and thus separated from their compatriots, have long since become identified with the Hungarian population. vár contains the houses in which King Matthew Corvinus (b. 1443) and Prince Bocskai were born. In the chief Platz is the Rom. Cath. Cathedral of St. Michael, begun by King Sigismund in 1414. At the S.E. corner of the town is the Reformed Church, built by Matthew Corvinus in 4486, and ceded to the Calvinists by Bethlen Gábor in 1622. In the W. suburb is the Botanic Garden, presented to the town by Count Mikó, con- taining a villa in the Italian style, fitted up as a Museum. Near it is the village of Kolozs Monostor, with the ruins of a monastery. The railway runs through the broad and monotonous valley of the Szamos to (71/2 M.) Apahida (to Bistritz, see p. 418), and then turns to the right. 101/2 M. Kolozs-Kara. The line winds through BAEDEKER's S. Germany. 7th Edit. 27 418 Route 78. ROCSAR.D. a bare hilly district. Near (324/2M.) Gyéres we cross the auriferous Aranyos, on the left bank of which lies the village of Egerbegy, Ger. Erlendorf. BRANCH RAILwAy to (51/2 M.) Torda, Ger. Thorenburg (1109 ft. ; Ungar. Krone), capital of the county of Torda-Aranyos, built on the ruins of the Roman Potaissa, once a privileged town of the noblesse. Hungarian pop. 11,100, chiefly Unitarians. Many diets have been held at Torda. Extensive sait-mines in the vicinity. — About 6 M. to the W. is the Tordai Hasadék, a defile eroded by the Peterd, 3/4 M. long and 25-65 ft. wide, the rocky sides of which are honey-combed with caverns. From Torda, a road leads through romantic gorges to Toroczko, a Small town with iron-works, inhabited by a peculiar and fine-looking race of Szeklers (Unitarians), and thence to the village of Gyertyámos, famed for the beauty of its women, and to rail. Stat. Wagy Enyed (see below). 43 M. Kocsárd (Rail. Rest.), at the influx of the Aranyos into the Maros. To Szász-REGEN, 58 M., railway in 5 hrs., through the fertile valley of the Maros. Stations Maros-Ludas (branch to Bistritz, p. 420); Csapo- Radnóth; Wyaródtö; 371/2 M. Maros-Vásárhely, Ger. Wewmarkt (Hôtel Tran- sylvania; Sonne; Krone; cab to town 40, at night 80, omn. 20 kr.), capital of the county of Torda-Maros, with 14,250 Szekler inhab. (chiefly Prot.). The busiest part of the town is the Stadtplatz, with the adjacent Széchenyi and Teleki Promenades. The Protestant College has a valuable Library, and more interesting is the Teleki Library, containing the Wasdn'hely Codea, and a manuscript of Tacitus from the Bibliotheca Corvina. In the Stadtplatz rises the Bem Monument. On the Postwiese is a monument to Török, Galfy, and Horvath, three Szeklers executed here in 1854 on suspicion of con- spiring against the Austrian dynasty. At the W. end of the town is the island of Elba, with pleasure-grounds, – 471/2 M. Sdromberke (with a châ- teau of Count Teleki); 49 M. Geºmyeszeg : — 58 M. Szász-Regen, Ger. Säch- sisch-Regen. a town of 6100 inhab., chiefly Saxons. Near it are the saline baths of Sóakna, or Zsabenicza, at the entrance to the picturesque valley of the Görgeny. FROM Szász-REGEN TO BISTRITZ (diligence to Szeretfalva in 51/4 hrs.). The route leads by Oldh Uffalu, Teke (Ger. Teckendorf), Wagy-Ida, Diirº- bach (Saxon), Galatz, Mönchsdorf (Romanesque church of 12th cent.), Szeret- falva on the Sajó (on the hill to the right the ruin of Szent Laszlóvára), and Heidendorf, noted for its wine, to Bistritz (p. 420). 451/2 M. Maros-Ujvár; on the left bank of the Maros are the Gothic château and stud of Countess Mikó. Near it are large salt- works, most interesting, and shown on application. The salt-beds were known to the Romans, afterwards forgotten, but re-discovered in 1794. 471/2 M. Felvincz. Near (551/2 M.) Nagy-Enyed, to the right, lies Miriszló, which yields excellent wine. 63 M. Tövis (Rail. Rest.). To Hermannstadt, see p. 411; to Kronstadt, see p. 413. 79. From Klausenburg to Bistritz. 81 M. RAILWAY in 7 hrs. ; fares 5 fl. 87, 4 ſl. 36, 2 fl. 92 kr. Klausenburg, see p. 417. The train skirts the Little Szamos, running at first on the rails of the Klausenburg and Kronstadt line (R. 78), 71/2 M. Apahida, on the Staatsbahn (p.417), which here turns to the S.; 81/2 M. Apahida, a Roumanian village of 1000 inhab. We cross the river and skirt the left bank, between low and barren hills, dotted with villages. 18 M. Vålasſit-Bonezhida, each SZAMOS UJVAR. 79. Route. 419 with a castle and a park. At some distance to left, Keudi-Lóna, with a château of Countess Teleky, 221/2 M. Nagy Iklöd. Beyond Dengeleg we recross the Szamos. 281/2 M. Szamos-Ujvár (Stadt–Hotel; Grüner Baum), a royal free town with regular streets, a handsome square, and 5800 in- hab., chiefly Armenians, now “Magyarised'. The fortress at the N. end of the town, erected in the 17th cent., is now a prison, where Rosza Sándor, the notorious bandit-chief, died in confinement. — On the left bank of the Szamos, 3/4 M. to the W., lie the small baths of Kerö (sulphur and Epsom salts). — Mikula, on a hill to the S. of Szamos-Ujvár, is a resort of Greek Catholic pilgrims. The Szamos is crossed a third time; the valley contracts; woods begin to cover the hills. To the left diverges the branch-line to the salt-works of Deésakna (see below). Sgt. Benedek, on the right, has a pilgrimage-church and a château of Count Kornis, once strongly fortified, afterwards a monastery. —- At the foot of the wooded Rosenberg lies — 371/2 M. Deés (Europa, R. from 80 kr., well spoken of; omn. to town 10 kr, ; cab 40–80 kr, per drive; carr. for day 5-6 fl. ; pop. 7750, chiefly Hung.), a royal free town, capital of the county of Szolnok-Doboka, at the confluence of the Grosse and Kleine Sza- mos. Handsome Prot, church of 15th cent. In the upper promenade is a tower (16th cent.) of the old fortifications. Opposite is the Béla- Berg, with a rifle-range and fine view. — The village of Deésakna, with its salt-works and salt-baths, lies 41/2 M. to the S.; the older mine, worked since the 15th cent., is worth seeing. FROM DE&S To NAGYBANYA, 571/2 M., diligence daily in 12/2 hrs. (fare 4 fl. 60 kr.), through the valleys of the Szamos and the Bursa. 401/2 M. Nagy-Somkiſt, 4!/2 M. from which is the rock-castle of Kövar, destroyed by the Imperial troops in 1670. Nagybánya, see p. 370 FROM DEES TO MAGYAR LAPOs, 26 M., diligence daily in 41/2 hrs. (fare 2_fl.), through the fine valley of the Lópos, From Magyar Lópos (pop. 2000) excursions to the iron-works of Rójahida, Macska-Mező, Oláh-Lópos- Bánya, and the (4!/2 M.) baths of Stojka. To the E. rises the Czibles (6043 ft.), a fine point of view (p. 372). The train turns to the N.E., crosses the Grosse Szamos, and passes Kozárvar, with the remains of a Roman fort, Bacza, with a château of Count Zichy, and (45M.) Rettég. Below it lies Felór, from which a road leads to the left through the valley of the Ilosva to that of the Lápos (see above). 461/2 M. Csicsó Keresztur; on a hill to the left are the picturesque ruins of the rocky fastness of Csicsó, built in the 15th cent. and destroyed in 1544, a beautiful point of view. We cross the Szamos. 514/2 M. Bethlen (1800 inh.), ancestral residence of the Bethlen family. A road leads N., through the upper Szamos valley, to Naszód and Rodna (p. 408). Beyond Bethlen we follow the Szamos to the influx of the Saj6, and enter the valley of the latter. Fine view of the snow-peaks of the Czibles and Kuhhorn, and of the mountains on the N. frontier. At (571/2 M.) Somkerék, the line bends to the S. and crosses the & Q7% 420 Route 79. BISTRITZ. Sajó. To the right lie the villages of Kentelka and Kerlés, where Prince Ladislaus, afterwards King of Hungary, defeated the Ku- mans in 1070. The strife was hottest on an oak-clad knoll, called Cserhalom, now occupied by a château and park of Count Bethlen. The Sajó is again crossed. 64 M. Sajó-Magyarós. To MARoS LUDAs (59 M., rail in 5/2 hrs.). The train crosses the Szamos and leads through pleasant valleys. Stations Kerlés (See above), Lékémeze (Ger. Lechnitz), Budatelke, Kis-Sārmás, Mezö Méhes. Then through the valley of the Rét to Mező Zah, Mező Szeng-Tóhát, and (59. M.) Maros Ludas (p. 418). 671/3 M. Szeretfalva. Beyond it, on the right, are the ruins of Szt. László. (To Szász-Regen, see p. 418.) The train recrosses the Sajó, and then enters the valley of the Bistritz, in which we soon come in sight of the Saxon village of Heidendorf, Hung. Bo- senyö, on the left, with numerous vineyards. - 741/2 M. Bistritz, Hung. Besztercze (1188 ft.; Stadt–Hotel; Kö- nig von Ungarn, R. from 1 fl.; omn. to town 20, cab 40 kr. each pers., carr. and pair per day 5 fl.), capital of the county of Bistritz- Naszod, on the Bistritz, with 9150 inhab., chiefly Germans of ear- lier immigration than the other “Saxons', was formerly called Nö- sen, and gave its name to the Nösner Land. The town has long since lost the commercial importance it enjoyed in the 15th and 46th cent. Little is now left of its picturesque old walls and tow- ers. The Gothic Prot. Church, finished in 1563, and much in- jured by repeated fires, has the highest tower in Transylvania. The *Burgberg (2241 ft. ; 11/4 hr.), where a castle of John Hunyady once stood, affords a beautiful view of Bistritz, embedded among orchards and vineyards, and of the E. Carpathians. - FROM BISTRITZ To SUCZAWA IN THE BUKow INA, 122 M., diligence in 25 hrs. (fare 13 fl. 72 kr.). The road passes Borgó Prund and crosses the Borgö-Pass (3586 ft.) to Suczawa-Itzkany, a station on the Lemberg, Czerno- witz, and Bucharest railway (p. 403). & FROM BISTRITZ To NAszóD AND Rodn A. The road (diligence to Naszód, 14!/2 M., in 23/4 hrs., 1 fl.) crosses the Stubenberg (1725 ft.) to Mettersdorf, and passes Waszód, a large village in the valley of the Szamos; the baths of Oldh Szent György, with the Borkºſt mineral spring, containing muriatic acid and carbonate of soda ; then Dombhat, with a similar spring, the de- posits of which have formed a hill of some size. Alt-Rodna, Ger. Rodenau, once had a large German population, but was destroyed by the Mongols in 1241; it is now inhabited by Roumanians. At the foot of the Kuhhornberg, Rouman. Ineu, Hung. Ünákó (7480ft.), 6 M. higher up, lead-mines are worked. 80. From Kronstadt to Predeal and Bucharest. 109M. RAILwAy to (181/2M.) Predeal in 1-11/2 hr., to Bucharest in 6!/2 hrs. Kronstadt, see p. 444. The line bends towards the S.E. On the left are Heldsdorf, Marienburg, Petersberg, and Honigberg; then, a little later, Tartlaw and the seven Hungarian villages (p. 416), with the baths of Zajzon. On the right are Kronstadt and the hills of Schuller, after which we pass the Honterusplatz, the Räuberbrunnen, and the Tannemaw, which afford favourite excur- sions from Kronstadt. Beyond (4 M.) Derestye-Hétfalu we enter the valley of the Tömös; to the left rises the Piatra Mare or Grossfels BUCHAREST. 80. Route. 421 (6037 ft.). We pass the old customs-station of Unter-Tömös and two new forts, and reach (104/2M.) Tömös; looking back, we obtain a fine view of the Schuller to the right. The train then ascends to the Tömös Pass (Szarósz-Tömös) which it penetrates by a tunnel 1030 yds. long. Several shorter tunnels. Fine view to the right. 181/2 M. Predeal (3348 ft. ; Rail. Rest., dear; luggage and pass- ports examined), the Roumanian frontier-station. Fine view of the Schuller and Grossfels behind us and of the Bucsecs in front. The train now descends into the valley of the Prahova, passing a convent on the left. 281/2 M. Azuga, at the union of the two main sources of the Prahova, which the train crosses several times. 26 M. Busteni; to the right rises the huge Bucsecs (8264 ft. ; p. 445). 301/2 M. Sinaia (Rail. Rest.), beautifully situated, with the summer-residence of the King of Roumania and an old monas- tery. — 401/2 M. Comarnicu ; 50 M. Campina (Hôtel Bukarest). To the left the extensive salt-mines of Telega. We now enter the fertile plains of Wallachia. 714/2 M. Ploesti (Moldavia; Victoria; Europa; Rail. Rest.), junction for Braila (p. 403; halt of 3/4 hr. ; carriages changed). The town, of a semi-Oriental character, with 33,000 inhab., lies between the Prahova and the Teleajna, 4 M. from the wine-clad spurs of the Carpathians. It has 29 churches, all uninteresting. Scenery monotonous. Stations Crivina, Bufta, Chitilia. The train then reaches the N. railway-station (Roum. Gara Targuvesti) of — 109 M. Bucharest. — Hotels: GRAND HôTEL BROFFT, on the Boule- vard in the centre of the town, R. from 4 fr. 3 near it, *HôTEL FRASCATI; HôTEL MERCURI, Strada Lipzcani 2, in good repute; HôTEL OTTETELESCHE- ANo ; HôTEL DE L’UNION: DACIA. – Restaurants: * Jonescu, Strada Co- vaci 3; Raschka, Str. Academiei; Guichard, Str. Stirbey Voda. — Cab from station to town, 2 fr. — Tramway from the N. railway-station through the town, in several branches. – Theatre: Roumanian dramas and operas. Also Théâtre Dacia, similar to the smaller Vienna, theatres. – British Envoy : Sir F. Lascelles. American Vice - Consul General: W. Boarhall, Esq. — English Church Service, 37 Strada Oltenii, at 10.45 a.m. — The Ephorie Baths, a Swimming-bath in summer, are fitted up for balls and concerts in winter. - Bucharest (Rouman. Bukureshti), the capital of the kingdom of Roumania (Prince Charles of Hohenzollern having been pro- claimed king in 1884), with 221,000 inhab., lies in a monotonous plain, and is divided into two parts by the dirty river Dimbo- witza, which is crossed by fifteen bridges. Although the streets have recently been paved or macadamized, and gas, tramways, and cabs have been introduced, the town, irregularly built, with its low, leaden-roofed houses, still has a somewhat Oriental appear- ance. It is divided for administrative purposes into five districts, the Yellow (N.), Red (central), Green (W.), Black (E.), and Blue (S.). The principal business-streets are the Lipzcani Street (so called because the Bucharest merchants formerly bought their goods at the Leipsic Fair), the Victoriei Street, which intersects the town 27 422 Route 80. BUCHAREST. from N. to S., and two or three others adjacent. These have quite a European character. : Among the chief buildings are the Palace, the Theatre, and the War Office, all in the Victoriei Street. On the Boulevard stands the University, seriously damaged by a fire in 1884 which de- stroyed part of its collections. Opposite to it stands an equestrian statue of Woiwode Michael III. (1592–1601), erected in 1871. The large square tower of the Hospital Coltza, near the Church of St. George, is said to have been built in 1715 by the soldiers of Charles XII. of Sweden (good view of the town and environs from the top). The courtyard of the hospital contains a marble monument, erected in 1870, to Prince Stephen Kantakuzenos, the Wallachian patriot, who was executed at Constantinople in 1716. Bucharest contains 127 churches (146 Greek), besides chapels, etc., most of which are low cruciform structures. None of these are attractive except perhaps the Antim Church and the Stauro- polos Chapel, built in 1724, and characterised by the harmony of its proportions and its rich plastic decoration. The Metropolitan Church, built in 1656 and restored in 1834, stands on a hill in the S. part of the town; adjacent are the residence of the Arch- bishop and the House of the Estates. A little to the W. are the church and monastery of Radu Voda, built by Alexander II, in 1572 and restored in 1859; and to the N.E. is the church of St. Spiridion, with interesting campanili. In the centre of the town are the church of Curte Vecke, built by Mirza the Old (1387–1419) in 1387 and rebuilt after the fire of 1847, and the church of St. Giorgio, also rebuilt since 1847. The Sarindar Church on the T}oulevard is a basilica of 1634. Bucharest also has a Lutheran church (with a German school) and a Reformed church. In the middle of the town lies the pretty but somewhat damp park of Cismediu. To the N. of the town, at the end of the Vic- toriei Street, is the Chaussee, a favourite afternoon promenade, with pleasure-grounds and villas on each side (two cafés). FROM BUCHAREST To GIURGEvo AND SMARDA, 48 M. in 11/2-2)/2 hrs. (fares 9 fr. 35, 7 fr., A. fr. 70 c.). The train starts from the N. station (Gara Targuvesti) and stops after 4!/2 M. at the S. station (Gara Filaretu). It then runs through a monotonous district, past Zilava, Vidra, and Comana. A little to the W. is Calugaren?, where the Woiwode Michael VI, the famous national hero, defeated a Turkish army of 140,000 men under Sinan Pasha on 15th Aug., 1594. Stations Banessa, Fratesti, and (45 M.) Giurgevo, Roum. Giurgiu, on the Danube, the chief commercial town of Roumania, with 15,000 inh., the Theodoropolis of the Romans, but rebuilt and named Santo Giorgio in the 14th cent. by the Genovese, who then held the trade of the lower Danube. Giurgevo is connected by a bridge with the fort on the island of Slobodsia. The express trains do not halt at Giurgevo, but go on to its port of (48 M.) Smarda, whence a steamer plies in 3/4 hr. to Rustshuk, on the Bulgarian bank. From Rustshuk a railway runs to Varna, whence steamers ply to Constantinople. RAILwAY FROM BUCHAREST To VERGIoRovA (and Orsova), see p. 369. DALMATIA EXOURSION TO MONTENEGR0. The kingdom of DALMATIA, the southernmost crown-land of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire, belonging to Cis-Leithania, extends from the Quarnerolo on the N. to the hills on the Lake of Scutari on the S., while on the E. it is commanded by the Velebit Mts., the Dinarian Alps, and the montainous region of the Herzegovina and of Montenegro. The W. side of Dalmatia is washed by the Adria– tic, the Simo Adriático of mariners, which from time immemorial has been the highway of traffic between East and West. Coasting vessels usually steer within the belt of islands which protect the I)almatian coast, while the opposite Italian coast is almost entirely destitute of such shelter. The tide within these islands rises to the unusual height of six feet. A constant current flows from Corfil to Venice, causing in stormy weather the dangerous tides of the Quarnero. Covering an area a little over 5000 sq. M., Dalmatia forms the N.W. fringe of the Balkan peninsula, and consists of a coast deep- ly indented with numerous bays and fjords, the entrances to which are guarded by innumerable islands and cliffs (scogli), while the mainland is a mountainous region, culminating in the Velebit Mts. (5770 ft.) and the Orjen near Cattaro (6218 ft.), and forming a lofty plateau descending abruptly to the sea, with crests running almost exclusively from N.W. to S.E., parallel with the Dinarian Alps. The islands and peninsulas which have been formed by subsidence of portions of the land also run in the same direction, except the southern islands of Brazza, Lesina, and Curzola, which lie from W. to E. The Dalmatians usually speak of east and west only, ignoring the other points of the compass, the former being Sw80, or levante ('up'), the latter gii, or ponente (‘down'). The bleak and sterile mountain-region is badly watered, being intersected, in its length of 370M., by only four rivers worthy of mention (Zermagna, Kerka, Cetina, Narenta), which are torrents in their upper parts and are nearly dry in Summer. Of lakes there is also a scarcity, and as spring-water is not always to be found, the inhabitants are some- times obliged to use reservoirs. - Climate. The mean annual temperature of the Dalmatian coast is about 59 °Fahr., but great variations are caused by the violent and changeable winds. The winds from the sea bring moisture and in winter warmth. The Scirocco (S.E.; fortunale, S.W.), called at Ragusa ‘the father of the poor', always alternates in winter with 424 JDALMATIA. the dreaded Bora (Boreas; called the “wind of the dead'), which descends from the mountain - gorges in terrific gustS (réfoli), dan- gerous to the landsman and the mariner alike. The S.W. wind is also very violent, as may be gathered from an inscription on the molo of Ragusa, where the waves throw up their foam to a height of 400 ft., and wrench the heaviest blocks of stone out of the pier. The Bora prevails in winter only, usually from October to April. The prevailing wind in summer is the genial N.W. wind (maestrale), which rises in the forenoon, blows steadily for several hours, and generally subsides at sunset. The water between the coast and the island is unaffected by these winds and is always calm, but very rough water is often experienced on the voyages to Lissa and La- gosta and from Ragusa to Punta d’Ostro. A heavy swell without wind is known here as ligazzi. - Animal and Vegetable Life. Strabo calls Dalmatia sterile, un- suitable for agriculture, and scarcely able to support its population. But in another passage he states that ‘vines and olives abound, but that the country had been neglected and its value had remained unknown, probably on account of the barbarity and predatory habits of the natives'. The natives have certainly improved since Strabo’s time, but the country, like most limestone regions, is still in great part destitute of vegetation. As the heavy rains are apt to sweep away the best soil, the inhabitants have great difficulty in cultivat- ing the mountain-slopes, where they frequently grow vines, figs, olives, and almonds in carefully built terraces. They have lately taken to cultivating the Pyrethrum cinerariae folium and the Chry- santhemum turramewm, from the blossoms of which, somewhat re- sembling camomile, they prepare the Dalmatian insect-powder. The flora of Dalmatia also includes rosemary, oleanders, myrthes, pome- granates, agaves, and the Cistus, which cover the slopes and the islands, especially in the south. While the north part of Dalmatia, as far as Sebenico, is comparatively poor, Spalato with its Riviera. is famed for its wine, and the territory of the former republic of Ragusa is luxuriantly fertile, reminding one of Sicily. Altogether Dalmatia partakes more of an Oriental than a European character, and even with Italy it has little in common. - . On the mountains are pastured flocks of sheep and goats, while the only beast of prey is the jackal which descends from the east, and is sometimes found in the islands of Giuppana, Curzola, and Sab- bion cello. The sea yields an abundant supply of fish. Among the varieties peculiar to Dalmatia are the gatto di mare (Squalus cari- cula and Squalus catulus), the rasp-like skin of which is used for scrubbing tables and benches; the scarpena negra and rossa (Scar- paena porcus and scrofa), the pesce colombo (Raja pastinaca), and the pesce ragno (Trachinus draco). The shark (Squalus or Hexan- drus griseus), called by the Italians pesce manzo (‘OX-fish') from its eyes which resemble those of an ox, though not a common fish, DALMATIA. 425 occurs everywhere, and sometimes endangers bathers even at Trieste. Among the more abundant varieties are lampreys and mackarel, the sampiero, the sepia (Sepia officinalis), the astice (As- tacus marinus, or lobster), and the rizzo di mare (Echinus esculentus, or sea-urchin). Sea-gulls enliven every part of the coast. Where house-swallows congregate there is sure to be fresh water near. The Population of Dalmatia (about 524,000) is chiefly of the Servian-Croatian race. In the north it is purely Croatian, in the south entirely Servian, in the towns partly Italian (to which race belong about 30,000 inhab.). Zara in particular is almost entirely Italian, but everywhere else the ‘national’ or Slavonic element is gradually ousting the “autonomous' or Italian. The Croatians are mainly Roman Catholics, the Servians Greek (non-united) Catho- lics. As far as the Narenta the country-people are called Morlaks, but further to the south, as at Ragusa, the name is a term of re- proach. They are remarkable for their fine stature and picturesque costumes. As wine is now largely exported to Germany and France, the semibarbarous peasants and shepherds are gradually settling down as peaceable colonists, and are beginning to lern to read and write. The usual costume of the men consists of a small cap or fez without shade (kapa), or a turban (peskir, Turkish for ‘towel’; at Ragusa Saruk); a brown woollen, richly embroidered jacket (halftina); a linen west (krożet), and another vest embroidered with silver and several rows of filigree buttons (jaderma); a cloak of coarse cloth (kaba) with a hood ſkukuljica); a red woollen sash (pas); a leathern girdle (pripasnajada) as a receptacle for weapons, pipes, etc.; gai- ters with a multitude of hooks and eyes (dokoljenice or bicve); stockings (Čape, terluke, napersniaci, or nadošivači); sandals (opan- ke) or shoes (djmelie or nestve); and a wallet (torbica). The women also wear sandals or shoes. Their usual dress is a blue (modrina) or white (bilaca) undergarment, with a linen (bernjica) or woollen (sadak, made of a coarse cloth called rash) jacket or frock, sleeve- less, and open in front, a bodice (krożet), and an apron (pregaca). The Italian Dalmatian calls himself a Dálmata (the adjective be- ing dalmato.) - - History. Anciently an independent kingdom, Dalmatia was Subjugated by the Romans under Augustus and annexed to the province of Illyricum. Afterwards occupied by the Goths, and in 590 by the Avars, it came in 620 into possession of the Slavs, whose State was broken up at the end of the 11th century. Part of the land was then conquered by the Hungarians (1102), while the re- mainder, the later Duchy of Dalmatia, placed itself under the pro- tection of the republic of Venice, from which part of it was after- wards wrested by the Turks. By the Peace of Karlowitz (1699) and by that of Passarowitz (1718) the present Dalmatia, with the exception of the republic of Ragusa (which was deprived of its in- dependence by the French in 1806), was secured to Venice. By 426 - DALMATIA. the Peace of Campo Formio (1797) it became Austrian, in 1805 it was attached to the kingdom of Italy, in 1810 to Illyria, and since 1814 it has again belonged to Austria. Plan of Tour. The best seasons for travelling in Dalmatia are the months of April and May and from the middle of September to the middle of November. Travellers who wish to see the coast only are recommended to take the Austrian Lloyd steamers, or the rail- way from Sebenico to Spalato, or the diligence from Ragusa to Castel- nuovo. The interior may be explored with the aid of the railways from Spalato and Sebenico to Knin, and from Metković to Mostar and Konjica (see R. 86). Diligences also run from Zara to Knin; from Spalato to Sinj; from Knin to Verlika, Sinj, and Metković; from Ragusa to Trebinje, and on several other routes. Carriages (with one horse 3-4 fl. per day) and saddle-horses are procurable almost everywhere. - The following short tour is recommended to travellers whose time is limited : — (1st Day) Steamer from Fiume or Trieste to Zara, ; (2nd) Zara ; (3rd) Steamer to Sebenico; (4th) Excursion to the Kerka Falls; (5th) Rail to Spalato; (6th) To Saloma and Traú; (7th) Steamer to Ragusa; (8th, 9th) Ragusa, Ombla, Cannosa ; (10th) Diligence to Castelnuovo; (11th) Cattaro; (12th, 13th, 14th) Return to Fiume or Trieste. - Travellers desirous of visiting BosNIA from Dalmatia proceed from Ragusa to Metković (p. 437). A visit to the islands of Lissa, Méleda, La- gosta, and others takes much time, but boats cross to Curzola and Lesina almost daily, and to Brazza still oftener. For travellers to these and other places the Prospetto degli arrivi e partenze (Steamboat, railway, and diligence time-tables, 10 kr., sold at Zara, Spalato, etc.) is indispensable. Inns. “The best inn in Dalmatia is the LLOYD STEAMER", it has been truly said. The fares include berths. On arriving at a port in the evening the passenger is not allowed to sleep on board unless he is going on with the steamer next day. Dinner 11/2, Supper 1 fl. (Second-class passengers are admitted to the deck of the first class.) The PRIVATE STEAMERS are cheeper, but much inferior. - The HOTELS in the towns are not at all up to the mark. Those at Sebenico, Spalato, and Ragusa have fairly good rooms. In all the food is indifferent. Poorest of all are the hotels of Zara and Cattaro. It is often advisable to order rooms by telegraph. At Zara, Spalato, Ragusa, and Cattaro are good cafés in the Italian style. Beer generally good. Money: Austrian. Passport desirable, though not indispensable. - Police. The gensdarmes, respectable and trustworthy, are often Germans, Seldom Dalmatians. Information and sometimes a might's lodging may be obtained at their stations. The public safety is now well provided for. - - - Language. Italian will carry the traveller along the whole coast; German also, even as far as Montenegro, is fairly well understood. In the interior, on the other hand, it is difficult to get on without some know- ledge of the Servian-Croatian languages (practically one and the same Slavonic dialect), though Italian is often understood. An idea of the pro- nunciation and a few of the commoner words are given at p. 449; but, as Italian is chiefly spoken on the coast, the strict Slavonic spelling is often modified. - Maps. The best is that of the Military-Geographical Institute (Vienna, Lechner's university book-shop), on a scale of 1:75,000; each section 50 kr, - Stieler's Handatlas, sheets 3 and 4, on a smaller scale, also good. º 427 81. From Pola or Fiume to Spalato. STEAMBOATs of the Austrian-Hungarian Lloyd to Zara and Spalato three times a week in 12 and 36 hrs. respectively (to Spalato 11 fl. 55, 10, 4 fl. 20 kr.). From Fiume to Zara and Spalato once a week direct in 8 and 17 hrs., respectively (6 fl. 90, 5 fl., 3 fl. 40 kr. [berth 70 kr.], or 12 fl. 15, 8 fl. 45, 4 fl. 40 kr. [berth 1 fl.]). Also to Spalato by Veglia, Lussin - Grande or Lussin - Piccolo every fortnight in 141/2 or 36 hrs. — STEAMERs of Sverlºogga & Co. from Fiume to Zara, and Spalato once a week direct, in 9 or 17/2 hrs. ; by Sebenico and Tranſ three times a month. — STEAMERS of Krajacz & Co. once a week in 13 hrs. to Zara, touching at Wovi and Zengg and at the islands of Veglia, Arbe, and Pago. To Pola and Fiume, see R. 42. The steamer touches at Lussin- Piccolo (Hôt. Windobona), the chief port of the island of Lussin and the busiest trading place among the islands of the Quarnero (pop. 7625). Its sheltered situation has recently made it a health- resort. On the E. side (2 M.) lies Lussin-Grande. In the N. part of the island rises the Ossero (1930 ft.). To the W. lie the fertile islands of Unſe and Sánsego. - The QUICK STEAMERs of the Lloyd Co. (; celeri) and other steamers FROM FIUME TO ZARA go through the Canale di Mezzo between Veglia on the left, sometimes touching at the little town of Veglia (where the ca- thedral and the church of S. Quirino are worth seeing), and Cherso on the right, and through the Quarnerolo (with a grand view of the bare Velebit Mts., towering above the wooded island of Arbe) to Lussin-Grande (see above); then past the islands of Selve and UIbo and through the Ca- 776tle di Zaºra. - - The steamers of Krajácz & Co. to Zara steer through the Canale della Morlacca or della Montagna, between the coast and the innermost islands, and touch at Novi, Zengg (Ital. Segna; Stella d'Oro), once a notorious haunt of pirates, with the so-called castle of the Uskoks, and several places on the islands of Arbe (Slov. Rab) and Pago. The scenery is far finer than on the trip through the Quarnero and the Quarnerolo, but the Steamers are poor. - - The steamer touches at the island of Selve, and passes Punta- dura on the left. . - . Zara. — HôTEL VAPORE, Calle di Marina, near the quay; KLINGEN- DRAHT, by the theatre; CAPPELLO, Calle Larga — all mediocre. — Lodgings, even for one day, abound. — No carriages on the quay. Porter 30, with cart 60 kr. — RESTAURANTs : *Gned's Bierhalle (with rooms), near Piazza Erbe: Klingendraht, with garden (see above). — CAFEs : *Specchi, Piazza dei Signori; Dezorzi, Giardino Pubblico. — Post OFFICE, N. end of town, by the Promenade. TELEGRAPH, Piazza Erbe. — THEATRE, Calle Larga. — Books ELLER: v. Schönfeld, adjoining Piazza dei Signori. - A specialty of Zara is the manufacture of “Rosolio Maraschino” from Cherries (“amarasca’; the best of which grow on the limestone-soil of the Poljica). The liqueur is distilled in July, August, and September. The principal manufactories are those of Drioli, Cosmacendi, Millicich, Calli- garich, and Luacardo. & . . Zara (pron. Dzara), Slav. Zadar, the Roman Jader, the capital of Dalmatia, with 27,642 inhab., a town of thoroughly Italian Character, lies picturesquely on a peninsula stretching from S.E. to N.W. It is a busy, lively place, and among objects of interest are the costumes of the Morlaks. The strong fortifications have been converted into promenades. On the E. side of the town is a roomy Harbour, with the landing-place (barcagno) opposite the town. On 428 81. Route. ZARA. From Pola the W. side, on the site of the old ramparts, runs a new quay, the *Riva Nuova, which affords a delightful walk, especially in the evening, and a beautiful view of the opposite island of Uglian, with the lofty Fort S. Michele, itself a fine point of view (p. 429). From the landing-place we enter the town by the Porta Marittima, on the inside of which a Latin inscription records the Battle of Le- panto (1571). In the short Calle di Marina, on the left, is the Ro- manesque church of *S. Crisógono, of the 13th cent., with modernised interior. Just beyond it is the CALLE LARGA, which intersects the whole town from N. to S. (for foot-passengers only). To the left of this street is the Piazza dei Signori, in which, facing us, is the Loggia, formerly a court of justice, with the Paravia Library, and to the left is the Municipio. Farther on, to the left, is the church of S. Simeone, containing the *Arca or reliquary of the saint, cast at Venice in 1647 with the metal of Turkish cannons, plated with silver, and borne by two angels in bronze. To the E. is the Piazza della Colonna, on the left side of which rises a fine antique Corinthian Column, and on the right the mas- sive tower of Buovo d'Antona, a splendid point of view (key at the commandant's office). Adjacent are the Cinque Pozzi (‘five fountains'), erected in 1574 by the Veronese architect Sammicheli, probably in part with Roman materials. From this piazza we ascend to the *Giardino Pubblico, laid out on an old bastion by Gen. v. Welden in 1829–30, and embellished with a number of antique relics. The garden affords a beautiful view, bounded by the Velebit Mts., finest of an evening. Following the Spianata to the N. (with the Marina to the right below us), we reach the N. end of the town, with the Post Office, the Theatre, and the church of S. Francesco (containing fine choir- stalls behind the high-altar), whence we may turn to the W. to the Riva Nuova (see above). We now follow the N. part of the Calle Largă to the *CATHEDRAL, a sumptuous marble basilica of the 13th cent., with a rich façade, containing a ciborium-altar of the year 1233, choir-stalls of the 15th cent., and an interesting crypt and treasury, r The Calle del Duomo leads W. to the Monastery of St. Mary, the church of which, on the wall to the right, contains a painting of *Christ and Mary, under glass, by an unknown master. Narrow lanes lead hence to the PIAZZA DELL’ERBE, on the N. side of which rises another antique Corinthian Column, crowned with the lion of St. Mark (erroneously called a sphinx). This column was once used as a pillory. On the W. side the piazza opens towards the Riva Nuova. - From the S.E. corner of the cathedral, or through an archway on the N. side of the Piazza dell' Erbe (see above), we reach a passage in which is situated the ancient church of *S. Donato, erected in the 9th cent, on the foundations and partly with the to Spalato. SEBENICO, 81. Route. 429 materials of a Roman temple, the stylobate or base of which has been brought to light. The church is a round building in two stories, each with six pillars and two columns, a tribuna, and two apses towards the S., and is now used as a museum. To the left, on the first pillar, is an inscription which has led to the belief that the temple was dedicated to Juno Augusta, consort of Emp. Augustus. The fragments placed here were excavated by Prof. A. Hauser of Vienna, and the upper story contains relics of the Christian period. A beautiful walk outside the town leads through the Porta Terraferma (‘land-gate'), erected by Sammicheli, towards the S.E., and after 5 min., where the road divides, to the right, skirting the sea, to the (10 min.) Pozzo Imperiale (‘emperor's well’), a rotunda, partly antique, with nine arches. To the left, 5 min. further, is the Albanese village of Erizzo, whence we return to the town past the new hospital. . Pleasant trip by boat to the (1/2 hr.) island of Uglian. We land at Oltre and ascend Fort S. Michele (p. 328). — FROM ZARA To KNIN (see below), 62}/2, M., diligence in 12 hrs. (fare 7 fl. 58 kr.), through the dreary Bukovica, vià Benkovac. Beyond (451/2 M.) Kistanje is a Roman triumphal arch with two passages, popularly known as the Šuplja crkva (“pierced church’). — From Zara to Ancona steamer once weekly in 9 hrs. From Zara the steamboat threads its way between the mainland and a fringe of islands, passing Zaravecchia, and then turns to the left towards the Canale di Sant' Antonio, which is flanked with precipitous rocks. At the entrance is Fort S. Niccolò, built by the Venetians, as the lion of St. Mark over the gate indicates. An hour's voyage on this narrow passage brings us (6 hrs, after leaving Zara) to — - - - - Sebenico (Pellegrino; Café al Vapore; Café Zora, by the theatre; post-office on the quay; rail. stat. 3/4 M. to the S. of the town; pop. 20,023), Slav. Zibnik, picturesquely situated at the mouth of the Kerka, commanded by the three castles of Barone (named after Baron v. Degenfeld, its gallant defender in 1647), S. Giovanni (view), and S. Anna. Adjoining S. Anna is an interesting old cemetery. The *Cathedral, with its raised choir, tribuna, and two apses, and a dome 100 ft. high over the centre of the transept, was erected in 1443–1555, and is now being restored. To the S.E. is the Baptistery. Opposite the cathedral is the Loggia (formerly the town-hall), with a casino and café. To SCARD ONA AND THE FALLs of THE KERKA (12 M.; diligence daily in 2/2 hrs., fare 76 kr.: carr. 4-5, and pair 5-6 fl.) the road leads through the solitudes of inland Dalmatia. In the distance to the E. towers the Dinara (6008 ft.); on the right rises the Mte. Tártaro (1628 ft.), and on the left lies the lake of Prokºjan. At the village of Gulin the road divides, one branch leading straight on to Drniš and Knin (see below), the other descending to the left into the picturesque Kerka Valley. We leave our carriage on the river-bank, and are ferried across the stream (for a few kreuzers) to the road which leads to the right to the (3/4 hr.) falls, and to the left in 14 hr. to Scardona, situated on a hill amid rich vegetation (good Café on the right, about 4 min. up the main street). Thence to the falls 1 hr., or by boat (2 fl.) a little more. The scenery is grand, though extremely bleak. Those who go by boat land at the principal 430 Route 81. - KNIN. fall; walkers are ferried across to the left bank by the Lower Mills (small Ostería). The “Falls of the Kerka (Skardinski Slap) descend in a number of Silvery streaks, the main fall, in five or six leaps, being about 160 ft. in height. On the left bank are several fulling-mills (cava- toji), an insect-powder mill, and the Engine House where the water is forced to the top of the hill in order to supply Sebenico and its railway station. To the left of the pump-house a steep zigzag path ascends to the top of the hill, whence a road leads to (2 M.) Gulin (see above). — A visit to the natural park formed by the Kerka higher up (which we reach by recrossing to the right bank and ascending the hill in 25 min. to the point where the river emerges from the basin of a lake) is less repaying. FROM SEBENIGo To KNIN (471/2 M.; Dalmatian State Railway in % hrs.). To (131/2 M.) Perković- Slivno, see below. Then Unesić; Zitnić; 341/2 M. Drniš (Rail. Rest.; Albergo), i/2 hr. from which, on the S.E. slope of the Promina, are deposits of brown coal; Siverić; Kosovo; Kalderma. 471/2 M. Knin (Rail. Hotel; Restaur. Sekanina), once a frontier-fortress, is a town of 20,946 inhab. on the slope of Monte Salvatore . (1132 ft.). The valley of the Kerka is very fertile here. To the E. (3/4 hr.), near the source of the Kerka, is the *Topolje Fall, formed by the Karsić, a tribut- ary of the Kerka. The main road through the interior of Dalmatia leads from Knin to Sinj (diligence to Spalato), Kattuni (p. 486), Vergorac, and Metkovic' (p. 437). - - The STEAMER to Spalato returns through the Canale di S. An- tonio (see above) to the belt of islands and rounds the Capo Planka, the ancient Promontorium Syrtis. In the distance to the S. are the islands of Lissa and S. Andrea, and in clear weather the rock of Pomo is visible to the W. of them. We then steer between the is- lands of (1.) Zirona Piccola and Zirona Grande and (r.) Solta into the large harbour of Spålato (see below). . . . The RAILWAY from Sebenico to Spalato (44.M.; two trains daily in 23/4 hrs.) traverses the dreary and uninteresting Boraja. 181/2 M. Perković–Slivno (640 ft.; Rail. Rest.), junction fºr Knin (see above; carriages changed). The train descends by Doblad and Labin, on the S. slope of the Opor (several tunnels), to (321/2 M.) Castelvecchio (420 ft.). The village lies on the coast, 2 M. below the station. Diligence thence to (5 M.) Traù (p. 433) daily in 1 hr. (35 kr. ; carr, sometimes to be had). The train skirts the slope of the Koziak Hills, trayersing the fruit-yielding region of the Castelli. 374/, M. Suðurae (p. 433); 381/2 M. Salona (p. 434). We then make a long sweep round the Canale Castelli and cross the Jader. Luxuriant verd- ure. Below us, to the right, lies the island-village of Vránjica (“Vene- Zia Piccola'), once the arsenal of Salona. Then aslight ascent, and lastly through a tunnel under part of the town, to (44. M.) Spalato. 82. Spalato and Environs. Arrival. The railway station and the steamboat-quay lie near each other on the S. side of the town. No carriages. Porter 40, with hand- cart 60 kr. — Hotels: HôTEL DE LA VILLE, in the Nuove Procurazie, on the W. Side of the town, with restaurant (in the adjoining arcades), R. from 1 fl. ; *ToMMASINI, Piazza dei Signori, rooms only, 80 kr. to 4 f.; MARGHERITA, by the Procurazie. — Restaurants : * Trócoli, Piazza dei Signori, Vienna beer: * Todily, by the steamboat-quay, belonging to the Hôtel de la Ville. — Post and Telegraph Offices: to the N. of the Nuove Procurazie, near the Hôtel de la Ville. SPALATO, 82. Route, 431 Spálato, commonly called Spālatro, Slav. Split or Spljet, with 22,716 inhab., the seat of a bishop and of a naval school, lies pictur- esquely encircled by lofty hills (to the N. the Koziak, to the E. the Mosor), in a fertile region, on a peninsula washed on the N. side by the Canale Castelli, and on the S. side by the Canale di Spalato. To the E. rises the Fort Grippi, to the W. the Monte Marian (584 ft.). The town owes its name to a great palace (palatium) of Diocletian, within the precincts of which (209 by 176 yds.) a great part of the old town is built, and around which have sprung up the suburbs of Lucas on the E., Manus and Pozzobon on the N., and Borgo Grande on the W. From the Punta di Botticelli extends a Molo 730 yds. Iong, which now forms a large and safe harbour. From the Hôtel de la Ville (guide desirable), adjoining which is a new Marble Fountain, we go to the harbour and thence to the left to the PIAZZA DELL’ ERBE, in which rises an old octagonal tower of the Venetian period. Skirting the harbour, we have on our left the S. Façade, originally the front, of Diocletian’s palace, in good preservation, though much disfigured by later buildings, with its large corner-towers, niches, and Doric columns. From this side a covered passage, “la grotta', once the porta argentea of the palace, leads into the interior. To the left of the Piazza dell' Erbe we reach the fine PIAZZA DBI SIGNORI, pass the Café Trócoli, and by the Porta Ferrea, for- merly the W. gate, still partly preserved, we enter the Palace of Diocletian, which is now entirely occupied by houses. In 2 min., straight from the Porta Ferrea, we reach the piazza of the cathedral, once the PERISTYLE (disfigured by building-sheds), the Corinthian columns of which, six on each side, are partly built into the fronts of the houses, while the S. end is occupied by an imposing *Loggia or porch, with four columns of Egyptian granite. On the E. (left) side is the cathedral, which is not accessible from this piazza. Be it noted, however, that the antiquities of Spalato and of Salona are apt to disappoint. They date chiefly from the period of decadence, and, though following Roman traditions, often bear traces of negligence, a fact accounted for by the haste with which the ailing and hypochondriac emperor sought to build himself a retreat from the world. The palace, in outline like a Roman castrum, formed a little world of its own, with its temples, halls, living-rooms, baths, barracks, offices, etc., but must have worn the prison-like air of an autocrat's castle, similar to the Escurial or the papal castle of Avignon. The style is a feeble imitation of the Greek, as will be noted by examining the quasi-Doric columns of the S. façade. The buildings on the whole resemble those of Palmyra, which were restored by the same emperor. Yet, with all their defects, it must be admitted that they produce an impression of grandeur. Beyond the Loggia or porch mentioned above, which is ap- proached by five steps, and once led to the state and other apart- ments, opens a grand but dilapidated *Rotunda, which with its later additions produces a very picturesque effect. By the steps in front of the rotunda, to the left, we descend through the Grotta (see above) to the Marina, and ascend the first lane to the left to the – 432 Route 82. SPALATO. *Cathedral, a fine circular edifice 80 ft. high, enclosed by a dilapidated colonnade, now dedicated to the Virgin and St. Doimo, but originally either a temple of Diana or the mausoleum of Dio- cletian (see inscription). The dome is formed of upright bricks placed in the form of scales. The roof and the windows, except the lunette over the chief entrance, are modern. The present re- storation is superintended by Prof. Hauser of Vienna and Sign. Pe- rišić of Spalato. The latter courteously gives information. The INTERIOR is octagonal, 42 ft. in diameter. Eight columns, 23 ft. high, bear an ambulatory, on which stand eight columns of green marble, 411/2 ft. high, which were once crowned with statues. Between these columns, above, runs a Frieze with hunting Scenes, genii, portraits, etc. The walls below are relieved with niches. Fine pulpit. Over the massive colonnade of the cathedral, in 1416, was erected the *Campanile, into which several ancient sculptures are built. Splendid view from the top (ascent through the building- shed). A huge scaffolding has enclosed the tower for years. A little to the S. of it is an Egyptian Sphina, broken by a falling stone, pop- ularly called Grongona (“man-woman'), holding in her hands the sun's disc, which the natives take to be a Pogazza (‘loaf of bread'). At the end of a lane to the W. of the cathedral is the Batti- stero di S. Giovanni, supposed to have been a temple of Æscula- pius, an elegant Corinthian edifice, with a portico and a fine frieze. On the outside of the W. wall (not accessible) is represented a laurel- wreath bound with a ribbon, which the archaeologist Lanza believed to be the imperial crown, and which led him to suppose that this was the emperor's mausoleum. We return to the cathedral and thence turn to the left (N.) and go straight on, — or better turn a little to the right (N.E.) and follow the palace wall, where various relics of the building are still to be seen, and pass through a small gate, – to the Giardino Pub- blico. We the needescend the steps to the left to the PoETA AUREA, the landward palace-gate recently brought to light, through which led the road to Salona. We now return to the E. Front, the gate of which (porta ačnea) has disappeared, against which is built the – *Museum (adm. 30kr.: Sun. 10–42 free; director Hr. Bulich). Most of the antiquities are from Salona. VESTIBULE. Early Christian sarcophagus, lid unfinished; tombstone with Greek inscription ; tiles with stamps. – ROOM I: Large sarcophagus from Salona, front admirably preserved, ends and lid crudely executed ; Venus and Cupid; Egyptian Sphinx, headless, with inscription; so-called *Sarcophagus of Diocletian, with the hunt of Meleager, which formerly stood on the steps of the Baptistery. — Room II: Idols, trinkets, needles, dice, earrings, brooches, *glass vessels, stone hammers, bronze vases, scales, mirrors, lamps, urns, pottery. Valuable collection of coins; head of Hercules (a cast; the Franciscans at Sinj have the original). From the Porta Aurea (see above) the Borgo Grande leads W. to the Franciscan church of San Felice. By the large fountain in the court (entrance from the street to the left) is a Christian sarco- phagus with a relief of the Passage of the Red Sea. - In the Casa S. Traú SPALATO. 82. Route. 433 di Geremia, over the steps at the entrance, is a relief of the Battle of the Centaurs and the Lapithae. - The ENVIRONs of SPALATO afford several beautiful walks. The lofty churchyard of S. Stefano, with its interesting tombstones, lies at the S.W. angle of the harbour (20 min.). — A Stony road to the W. ascends the Monte Marian (584 ft.); to the left lies the Jewish cemetery; extensive panorama from the top. — The monastery of S. Maria dei Paludi is reached by a road to the N. of the great fountain. On the left are the drilling ground and the priests” seminary, on the right a villa into which many antique fragments are built. After 1/4 hr. we diverge to the left. (The road straight on leads to the Barcagno, see below.) The church con- tains early Christian tombstones and a restored altar-piece. The mon- astery contains, a famous antiphonarium made by Pater Bonaventura. Radmilovic in 1675. — To the E. of Spalato is the pilgrimage-church of Poisan. We follow the Almissa high-road, passing on the left the busy bazaar and the church of S. Domenico. (The road to the right leads to the station.) Outside we soon observe the pretty church, lying in a basin. The height near it, with a small villa to the N.E. of the church, affords a charming view (a walk of 20 min. in all). To TRAſ, an interesting day's excursion. Best by carriage (about 16 M. from Spalato; with one horse 4-5, with two horses 6-7 fl.). Or by train to Castelvecchio, and thence by dili- gence or carriage (p. 430). STEAMER of the Rismondo Co. on Tues. and Sat. in 1 hr., of the Austrian-Hungarian Lloyd on Mon. and Wed. mor- nings in 13/4 hr. (fares 1 fl. 60, 1 fl. 10, 55 kr.). WALKERs save an hour by taking a boat from the Barcagno, 11/2 M. to the N. of Spalato, to Suðurac (rail. stat., see below). Those who wish to combine a visit to Salona. with the excursion to Traú, which taken together are fatiguing, had better explore the ruins from the Porta Andertia (p. 435) on the E. side, and order their carriage to meet them at the W. entrance, by the railway station. We follow the Spalato and Salona road to the point, where it divides (p. 434). The road to Traú here turns to the left and leads through the luxuriant Riviera of the Sette Castelli, seven villages partly contiguous, which originally sprang up around old Venetian castles. These are, from E. to W., Suðurac (rail. stat., p. 430), Gomilica (or Abbadessa), Kambelovac (or Cambio), Lukšic (or Vitturi), Castelvecchio (rail. stat., p. 430), Castelnuovo, and Stafileo. The bay near which the road runs is called the Canale Castelli. To the right rises the Koziak (2559 ft.), with the conspicuous chapel of St. Luke. Further on, to the left, by the mill of Paluda, is a deep gorge, 41/2 M. beyond which (5 M. from Castelvecchio) we reach — Traù (Locanda Pastore, with three good rooms, food indifferent and dear; Café in the Piazza), Slav. Trogir, a busy trading town of 15,750 inh. on an island in the Canale di Traù, but still quite me- diaeval in appearance. Almost unique is the Piazza dei Signori with the *CATHEDRAL, a basilica with a superb porch, sculptures on the chief portal, and three apses. The interior consists of nave and aisles with two rows of pillars, four in each. Fine pulpit and choir- stalls. The Chapel of S. Giovanni on the left contains the remains of St. Ursinus. The Baptistery contains a relief of St. Jerome in the wilderness. The handsome Gothic tower has windows with ex- quisite tracery. Opposite the cathedral, to the S., is the *Loggia, With antique columns, presenting a perfect example of a public BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. - 28 434 Route 82. SPALATO. Salona. court of justice of the Venetian period. To the E. is the Opčina or town-hall. — A bridge connects Traù with the suburb of Bud on the island of that name. — To the W. rises the old fort *Camer- lenghi, with its large tower, one of the finest relics of the Venetian period in Dalmatia. To SALONA, CLISSA, AND THE SOURCE OF THE JADER. RAILWAY to Salona (5 M. ; two trains daily in 14-18 min. ; fares 30, 20, 14 kr., return 40, 30, 20 kr.). DILIGENCE to (4 M.) Salona and (8 M.) Clissa (and to Sinj) daily at 3 a.m. (1891). Best, however, by CARRIAGE (to Sa- lona 1-2, and pair 2-3 fl., whole day 4-5 or 6-7 fl.). A visit to the ruins of Salona takes an hour, and the whole trip by carriage 5-6 hrs. at least; a whole day should therefore be allowed. (Tolerable inn at Clissa, but provisions had better be taken.) The Source of the Jader had better be visited first, Clissa Second, and Salona last. Italian is spoken at Salona and Clissa, but not always on the routes to the Source of the Jader. The trayeller who walks or drives to (4 M.) Salona quits Spalato by the Lučac suburb and the Sebenico road which skirts the rail- way. Just outside the town, on the left, is the Reservoir of the Jader waterworks (see below). About 2 M. from the town is the Duimovac Chapel (S. Doimo or Domnius; Latin inscription of 1747), 8 min. to the right of which is the *Ponte Secco, the ancient Roman aqueduct for Diocletian's palace, the nine arches of which are again utilised for the Spalato waterworks. - WALKERS may go! direct from the Ponte Secco to the Source of the Jader. They at first follow the conduit, then the path to the left towards the valley and after 8 min. take the road to the right to the (3/4 hr.) mill of Tangar (see below). The route ascending the conduit all the way is interrupted by walls and thorny hedges. The road descends into the valley of the Jader, which issues from the limestone rocks 24/4 M. higher up (see p. 435) and im- mediately drives a number of mills. On the right bank the road divides. The branch to left goes round the bay of Saloma to the Castelli and Traú (p. 433); the branch straight on leads to — 4 M. Salona (*Osteria, not far from the station), the Roman Salonae, the ruins of which occupy all the heights around the bay, now a village of 1200 inh., most picturesquely situated at the base of the Monte Caban (or Koziak). r The RUINS OF SALONA, though neither grand nor extensive, deserve a visit, even for the sake of their beautiful situation. Once a Roman war- harbour and arsenal, its massive walls, of which fragments are still seen on the road to Traú (p. 433), were formerly washed by the sea, which has Since receded far from the ruins. The town extended from W. to E., between the Jader and the mountains, whence Lucan (Pharsal.) writes — Qua maris Adriaci longas ferit unda Salongs Et tepidum in molles Zephyros excurrit Iader. In the Roman Civil War, Salonae adhered to Caesar, and was besieged by Octavius, Pompey's general. According to Dio Cassius the town owed its rescue to the female inhabitants, who, disguised as Furies, in the dead of the night, rushed into the enemies’ camp Or showed themselves on the walls with torches in their hands. The soldiers of Octavius, seized with a panic, fell into disorder and were easily routed by the men who hastened to profit by the Strafagem. – In A. D. 805, after his abdication, Emp. HDiocletian retired to Salomae and thence directed the building of his Clissa. SPALATO. 82. Route. 435 palace at Spalato. After the Goths in 535 and the Avars in 639 had de- stroyed Salonae, a number of the inhabitants fled to Spalato and began to disfigure the empty palace of Diocletian with their new dwellings. Since 1847 the RUINs have been partly excavated by F. Carrara and F. Lanza, but without very valuable results. Most of the chief relics are now in the museum of Spalato. One striking feature is the great number of early Christian sarcophagi, still in situ, but long since despoiled of their contents. Approaching either from the W. (from the station) or from the E. (the former Porta Andertia), we follow the stone rampart of the once double Town Walls, which was defended by towers and bas- tions (guide 30–40 kr.). Coming from the W., we first reach the Amphitheatre, partially excavated; then (4/4 hr.) a row of sarcophagi in a kind of trench ; next (5 min.) a Gateway and beyond it an octagonal building supposed to be a Private Bath. On the N. side is a Christian Basilica, consisting of nave and aisles with antique columns, surrounded by a Necropolis. Lastly, the Porta Andertia, through which the Via Gabiniana led to Clissa. Rich vegetation everywhere. - To THE SourcE OF THE JADER (3/4 hr.). The road from Spalato ascends the green valley of the Jader and crosses to the mill of Tangar, where it ends. A path to the right, just before the mill is reached, follows the conduit to the (10 min.) Sorgente or *Source of the Jader, a fine waterfall in grand surroundings, a genuine Dal- matian scene. - Walkers, instead of returning by the same route, may cross the stream and go to the W., past a mill, to the valley descending from Clissa ; then follow a bridle-path, good at first, but afterwards Stony, towards Clissa, which is visible the whole way; at the top of the valley turn to the left, and ascend to the (1/4 hr.) first Osteria. •. FROM SALONA To CLISSA. Leaving the town by the E. gate (Porta Andertia, see above), the road winds up the slope of the Monte Caban, commanding beautiful views of the Campagna of Spalato, the sea, and the islands, to the crest of the rock on which lies — 8 M. Clissa, Slav. Kliš (1182 ft.; three tolerable osterſe, the first on the road-side the best), with 3654 inh., the Roman Andertium, overshadowed on the W. by the Monte Caban (p. 434), on the E. by the bare Mosor (Mons Aureus; 4364 ft.). Once conquered by Tiberius, and a place of importance during the wars between the Venetians and the Turks, it is now an unimportant guardian of the pass from the coast to the interior. From the first osteria we ascend in 5 min. to the Fortress (ad- mission on presenting visiting-cards) for the sake of the *View it affords, stretching S. to Lissa, S. Andrea, and other islands, with the Mosor on the E., and the Dinarian Alps in the distance.—Those who wish to visit the Source of the Jader descend by a steep track through the village, having previously ordered their carriage to meet them at the mill of Tangar. FROM SPALATo To ALMISSA (about 15 M.; carr. with one horse in 3 hrs., 4 fl. 3 steamboat, see R. 83). The road leads through the fertile Cam- Q8% 436 Route 83. ALMISSA. From Spalato pagna to Stobred, the ancient Epetium, at the entrance to the Poljica, which yields the best maraschino cherries (p. 427). This district, bounded on the N. by the Sernovica, on the S. by the Cetina, and on the E. by the Mosor (see above), was onge a Kind of peasant-republic under Venetian suzerainty. Beyond Stobreč a beautiful road skirting the Sea. Almissa, See below. 83. From Spalato to Cattaro. The S. Dalmatian * Islands. - FROM SPALATo To METKovré, Austrian-Hungarian LLoy D Steamer once weekly by Makarska, Gradaz, and Fort Opus in 111/2 hrs., and once by S. Pietro di Brazza, Almissa, Makarska, Trappano, and Fort Opus in 131/2 hrs. (fares 3 fl. 80, 2 fl. 50, 1 fl. 25 kr.). — RISMONDo’s steamer once weekly by Makarska, Gradaz, and Fort Opus in 91/4 hrs. ; once by S. Pietro, Makarska, and S. Giorgio di Lesina in 191/2 hrs. ; twice rounding the island of Brazza, and by Almissa, Makarska, Igrane, Gradaz, Trappano, and Fort Opus in 14-23 hrs. according to the route taken ; also to Makarska alone, and round the island of Brazza, in 6!/2-12 hrs., returning in 6!/2 hrs. — SVERLJUGA's steamer once weekly by Trappano in 7 hrs. — FROM METKović To GRA- vosA steamers of CESARE & DANNECKER three times weekly in 101/2 hrs. FROM SPALATO TO RAGUSA (Gravosa.) AND CATTARO, Austr. Hung. LLOYD steamers once weekly direct to Gravosa in 10, to Cáttaro in 16/2 hrs. ; also four times weekly, touching at several ports in the islands of Brazza, Lesina, Lissa, Curzola, Lagosta, Meleda, and the peninsula of Sabbion cello, in 16-26 hrs. (fares to Gravosa 9 fl. 20, 6 fl. 45, 3 fl. 35 kr.; to Cattaro 11 fl. 95, 8 fl. 35, 4 fl. 35 kr.). — Ragusa steamer (Dubrownik-Epidauro, between Trieste and Bari) once weekly in 12 hrs. (to Trieste in 24, to Bari in 12 hrs.). See time-tables in the “Conducteur" or the ‘Prospetto’. FROM SPALATo To METKović. The vessel steers through the Canale della Brazza, which separates the island of Brazza from the mainland, with the imposing Mosor (p. 435) on the left, stops for half-an-hour at S. Pietro in Brazza (Slav. Brac), one of the largest Dalmatian islands, and after a voyage of 21/2 hrs. reaches — -- Almissa (Albergo), Slav. Omiš, a little town at the mouth of the Cetina and at the base of the conical Dinára (1841 ft.). Further back towers the Borak (2835 ft.), crowned with the castle of Mira- bella, once a notorious haunt of pirates. In the bay of Almissa is a submarine spring of fresh water called Vrullia. The neighbouring hills yield a famous muscatel wine, the ‘Vino Mte Rosa d’Almissa'. Excursion To DUARE (bridle-path; 4 hrs.) through the grand *Cetina Gorge : (1 hr.) the mills (Šarn) of Vissék; then ascend to the right, leaving the Cetina for 2 hrs., to the ‘little waterfall” Mala Gubavica; lastly, a steep ascent of 20 min, to Duan'e (tolerable inn) with its mountain castle. Further on is the (1/4 hr.) “great waterfall” Velika Gubavica, 100 ft. in height. — From Duare a road leads to (2 M.) Kattuni on the high-road hetween Sinj } and Vergorac (p. 330). . . We next touch at (2 hrs.) Makarska (Albergo), a brisk town of 10,287 inhab., trading largely in grain, the capital of the Pri- morje, a district similar to that of the Castelli (p. 433). From this point (or better from the village of Baskavoda, 6 M. to the N.) we may ascend the Sveti Juro (St. George; 5781 ft.), the highest peak of the Biókovo Mts. (very extensive view). . - To the right, farther on, is the island of Lesina (p. 437); then the long peninsula of Sabbioncello. The steamer touches at Gradaz to Cattaro. LES INA. 83. Route, 437 and Trappano, enters the Narenta, and passes Fort Opus and the Torre di Norino built by the Venetians. Metković (Stadt Wien; Café Europa, with a few rooms), a town of 4486 inh., has been since the Austrian occupation the chief de- pôt of imports for the Herzegovina and seat of the district autho- rities. Splendid view from the terrace of the new church. In order to avoid risk of fever the traveller should beware of drinking unboiled water and staying out-of-doors after sunset. — Railway to Konjica, see R. 86. - FROM METKović. To GRAvosA, steamer (Cesare & Dannecker's) three times weekly in 101/2 hours. The vessel touches at Fort Opus and Drače, and then enters the narrow Canale di Stagno Piccolo. After 4!/2 hrs. it stops at Stagno Piccolo, a fortified place on the peninsula of Sabbi oncello with oyster-beds. We disembark here, cross the Isthmus of Sabbioncello, 11/4 M. in breadth, and at Stagno Grande, another fortified little town, with an excellent harbour and extensive Sardine-fishery, embark in another steamer, in which we continue our voyage. The next station is Luca di Giuppana, the capital of the island of Giuppana. We next steer across to Slano on the mainland, with its fine harbour; them through the Canale di Calamotta to Mezzo, capital of the island of that name, and back to Cannosa, (p. 442); and lastly, passing the mouth of the broad Ombla, to Gravosa (see below). -- - FROM SPALATO TO RAGUSA AND CATTARO. The QUICK STEAMER of the Austr. Hung. Lloyd Co. steers through the Canale della Brazza (see above) to Makarska (p. 486), then through the Canale della Na- renta to Curzola, capital of the island of Curzola (see p. 438), and between the long peninsula of Sabbioncello (see above) and the island of Meleda (p. 439) to Gravosa, situated in a charming bay (p. 439). The longer route taken by some of the steamers round and between the islands affords a better survey of the beauties of the Dalmatian scenery than the direct voyage. The following de- scription is limited as a rule to the chief stations of the Lloyd steamers. From Spalato the vessel steers due S. to the island of Solta, the ancient Olynta (famed for its honey produced from the cistus- rose and rosemary), with the harbour of Carober; then S.E. to Milna, the chief harbour of the large island of Brazza, prettily situated in a deep bay on the W. coast. The steamer then threads its way through the narrow Porte di Spalato, between (r.) Solta and (1.) Brazza. To the left we perceive Lésina and to the right of it S. Andrea, and in a distance, in clear weather, the Scoglio Pomo to the right (p. 488). A little later we round the Capo Pellegrino, the N.W. point of the island of Lésina (with the lighthouse of Vodnjak on the right), and enter the harbour of Lesina, sheltered by the Isole dei Spalmadori (‘ship-tarrers’ islands'). - Lêsina (Albergo; Kursalon in the former loggia, the house with the seven arches; pop. 3596), Slav. Hvar, in a delightful, sheltered situation, is frequented as a health-resort by patients with delicate lungs. Agaves abound, and the first date-palm appears. The fig- Wines and rosemary-essence made here are in high repute. On the quay is the *Loggia, built by Sammicheli, now a town-hall and 438 Route 83. LISSA. From Spalato ‘Kursalon’. In the town, on the right, rises the F6mdaco, the ancient Venetian magazine and arsenal. To the left, on a promontory in the harbour, is the Observatory, to the right a quarry, which has yielded the stone of which part of the new hall of the Imperial German Diet has been built. A beautiful walk leads from the harbour S.E. to the Franziscan Monastery, the refectory of which contains a Last Supper by Matteo Rosselli (1578–1650). Lesina, a war-harbour and station of the Venetian fleet down to 1761, is commanded by three forts: the Fort Spagnuolo (289 ft.), erected by Emp. Charles W., connected with the harbour by walls, the Fort S. Niccolò (765 ft.), and the still higher Velika Glava. The fortifications are now abandoned. Pleasant excursion (on horseback in 3 hrs., or better to Sokolica, 1/2 hr., and thence by boat) to Cittavecchia, the ancient Pharia (4719 inh.), at which some of the Lloyd steamers touch. Near it, on the hill of Somotor (Ital. Torre), lie a number of massive hewn stones, carried thither, ac- cording to tradition, by witches. To the E. of Cittavecchia lies Verbosca, with the church of S. Lorenzo, which contains a picture of a saint attributed to Titian. The church of St. Mary has a Nativity of Mary by Paolo Veronese(?). The steamer rounds the fortified Scoglio Galešnik to the lofty island and town of Lissa, Slav. Vis, the ancient Issa (Albergo; Café), also called Sovra Lissa, the westernmost of the larger islands of the archipelago. The town (pop. 4845) lies in a bay, strongly fortified, and sheltered by the Scoglio Hoste. From the higher ground in the island, such as the chapel of S. Cosmo (765 ft.), to the S., above the town, the Monte Gargnano is visible to the S., on the Italian coast. A marble *Monument in the cemetery, 1/2 M. to the N., commemorates the battle of 20th July 1866 between the Austrian fleet, under Tegett- hoff, and the Italian under Persano. Another monument, at some distance to the N.E. of the town, was erected in 1811 in memory of a victory of the British fleet over the French. — On the W. side of the island (bridle-path, 11/2 hr.), in a deep bay, lies Komisa, also a steamboat-station, at the foot of the Hum (1920 ft.), with important sardine-fishery. (Large nets called traite, small voinghe.) From Komisa, a visit may be paid to the Spelonca di Ballon in the island of Busi (Slav. Bisove), a grotto 34 yds. long and 16–18 yds, broad, which, like the Blue Grotto of Capri, is lighted by means of a submarine rocky gateway (59 ft. high and 34 ft. broad). The boat (ſ.2 hr. ; dear) steers into the grotto through an opening 5 ft. high and 8 ft. wide. The water is of an exquisite azure in two shades, while the vault above is in pro- found darkness. – Geologists may also visit the island of S. Andrea (11 M. to the W.), with its valuable marble quarries, and the (28 M.) volcanic Scoglio Pomo (Slav. Jabuko, “apple'), a rocky island 330 yds. long, 110-130 yds. broad, and 315 ft. high. Landing (at a place on the N.E. side) is not always feasible. - - . V From Lissa the steamer turns to the E., round the Punta Stron- 6ica, with its large lighthouse, into the open sea. It then steers through the Canale di Cúrgola, between Lesina on the left (see above) and Curzola on the right (with a view of the island of Cazza in the distance to the S.), and through the Canale di Sabbioncello, on the S. side of the peninsula of that name (see below), to — Curzola (Albergo Europa), with 6093 inh., capital of the island ~ to Cattaro. GRAVOSA. 83. Route. 439 of Curzola, the Corcyra Nigra of antiquity, now as in ancient times extensively wooded. Part of the old town-wall is still preserved. Tower of 1420. The cathedral of S. Marco contains an altar-piece by Tintoretto. Above the town, to the S.W., rises Fort S. Biagio, built by the British. In 1298 the Genoese here captured the Venetian admiral Andrea Dandolo and the famous navigator Marco Polo. Opposite Curzola, in Sabbioncello, a peninsula 31 M. long, is Ore- bic, with a fine harbour (pop. 2054), at the foot of Mte. Vipera (S. Elia; 3158 ft.). From Orebić we may ride to Trappano (p. 437), steam or row to Fort Opus, and thus combine the island tour with a visit to Metković. The steamer skirts the coast of Sabbioncello. To the right in the distance rise the steep rocks of the island of Lagosta, with a lighthouse on its S.E. point (Punta Skriveva ; 330 ft.), to the E. of which is another lighthouse on Glavat, another rock of the Lagostini. To the left, in Sabbioncello, lies Terstenik ; then Giuliana. Farther S. we reach Méleda (Slav, Mljet or Mlit, the ancient Melita), an island with numerous chasms and gorges, the largest of which is the Babinopolje on the S. side. Some of the steamers touch at Porto Palazzo, on the N. side, the chief port. On an island to the W. is the Benedictine monastery of S. Marco (Jezero). We steer through the Canale di Meleda ; then N.E. through the Bocca Elsa, between the islands of Olipa and Jaklan, into the Ca- male di Olipa, with its lighthouse. To the left, on the mainland, rises the bare limestone mass of the Tmor (2973 ft.). On the right lie the ‘stag islands' of Jaklan, Giuppana, Mezzo, and Calamotta. Between the two last rises the Scoglio S. Andrea (Donzella), to which Margherita Spoletano, the ‘Dalmatian Hero’, used to swim nightly to visit her lover until drowned by her brothers. Farther on we pass several villages on the coast, the lofty Dubravica, Tersteno or Cannosa (p. 442), Valdinoce, and Malfi in a deep bay. On the right we next observe the Scoglio Daša with its deserted fortifications. On the left opens the Ombla (p. 444). Gravosa (Albergo; two Cafés; post and telegraph offices; cab to Ragusa in 20 min., 50–70 kr., each trunk 10 kr.; bargain ad- visable), Slav. Gruž, the fortified harbour of Ragusa (of which the old harbour was Casson, to the S.E., where the small steamers only now touch), is charmingly situated. A fine plane-tree adorns the quay. Along the shore extend villas and gardens with cypresses and palms. A beautiful road leads from Gravosa, ascending at first, then descending past the new hospital, to (11/2 M.) — Ragusa. — HôTEL MIRAMAR, in the suburb of Pille, to the W. of the town, R. from 1 fl. 3 in the town, ANCORA and LACROMA (behind the Rector's Palace). — RESTAURANTs : Arciduca Federigo, opposite Hôt. Miramar; Posta, near the Corso; Teatro, opposite the cathedral; Cacciatore, with garden, on the Gravosa road; Café Nuovo, to the W. of the Corso (beer At the two last). — CABs abound on the, Bersalje. — Good SEA-BATHs below the Bersalje. — Post and TELEGRAPH, Siroka Ulica, to the W. of the Corso. - On the ground-floor of the Hôtel Miramar are the popular cafés where 440 Route 83 RAGUSA. From Spalato the blind singer Achazzi, like the minstrels of old, rhapsodizes of an evening in the Servian dialect, accompanied by the one-stringed gusla, to an admiring audience of rustics. Ragusa, Slav. Dubrownik, Turk. Paprownik, a strongly fortified town of 7300 (or incl. suburbs 11,200) inhab., lies most pictur- esquely at the foot and on the slopes of the Mte. Sergio (1350 ft.). Down to 1805 an independent republic, annexed in 1811 by Napo- leon to the new ‘kingdom of Illyria', the town has belonged to Austria since 1814. Observe the interesting costumes of the natives on Sunday mornings. - The most frequented part of Ragusa is the BERSALJB, a piazza outside the Porta Pille, with its beautiful avenues of mulberry- trees. (Concerts frequently.) From the S. side of it we obtain a charming view of the sea and of Fort S. Lorenzo on an isolated rock. Down on the beach are the sea-baths. To the N.W. runs the high-road to Gravosa (p. 439). To the S.E. a bridge and the narrow Porta Pille lead into the town. Outside of these a road ascends to the left to the Mencetta Tower, turns to the E., and leads round the huge *Town Walls to the Porta Ploce on the S. side of the town. Beginning at the Porta Pille, the Placa or Stradone, usually called the Corso, once an arm of the sea, intersects the whole town. On the left we first observe the Franciscan Church (Slav. Mala - Braća), which has fine cloisters. On the right is the round reser- voir of the waterworks (p. 441), recalling similar Oriental structures. Since an earthquake in 1667, which left the town a heap of ruins, it has been customary to build the houses detached. To the right of the Corso, farther on, is the new Greek Church. (Interesting service, Sun. 10-11 a.m.) At the E. end of the Corso is the CATHEDRAL PIAZZA. On the right rises the Cathedral, completed in 1713, in front of which is a stone figure 61/2 ft. high, with sword and shield, resembling the old German Roland figures. On the left is the former mint, now the *Dogana or custom-house (‘Sponza'), built about 1520 in the Venetian Renaissance style, adorned with a statue of St. Biagio (Blasius), the patron-saint of the town. Handsome court-yard, with warehouses. …-, Leaving the next town—gate with its clock-tower on the left, and passing the Guard-House and the Theatre on the left, we reach the imposing”RECTORs' PALACE (1838–1424), now the Palazzo Comunale, the upper floor of which was destroyed by the earthquake of 1667. Handsome porch. The court contains a bronze bust of Michael Prazatto (1638), a distinguished Ragusan, which was also damaged in 1667. The Museum in the palace contains several objects of interest. - - - Opposite the palace is the church of S. Biagio. By the last altar on the right is an admirable old copy, on wood, of Raphael's Ma- donna della Sedia; in the choir, Christ on the right and St, Sebastian on the left, by Venetian painters. These three pictures are gener- to Cattaro. RAGUSA, 83. Route. 441 ally covered. At the end of the right aisle is a tablet in memory of the famous mathematician Boscovich (born at Ragusa in 1711, died at Milan in 1787). Near this is the Piazza dell' Erbe, from which a broad flight of steps ascends to the Military Hospital in the old Jesuits' monastery and to the Jesuits' Church. We return to the Corso, pass through the Porta Ploce, and ascend to the left to the loftily situated Dominican Monastery, the church of which contains a tablet in memory of Giov. Fr. Gondola (d. 1638), the poet, author of the Osmanide. Fine cloisters (entrance to the left, in front of the church). - We next pass through the outer gate of the fortifications. On the right is the Hospital, on the left the old Turkish bazaar of Rastello, now unimportant. We may now visit the Mte. Sergio and the Fort Imperiale by following the road from the Porta Ploce out- side the town-wall, and then ascending a path to the right in 27 zigzags. Permission to enter the fort must be obtained from the commandant in the town. Splendid view, which is nearly as good from the garden outside. — From this point to the source of the Ombla (see below), a rough hilly path. Following the Trebinje high-road from the Porta Ploce for about 10 min., and diverging to the right, we reach in 10 min. more the former monastery of S. Giacomo, and obtain a delightful view of Ragusa. Luxuriant vegetation; agaves and date-palms abound. Excursions. From the old harbour of Casson, to the S.E. of Ragusa. (p. 439), we may visit by boat (in 20 min. ; there and back, with an hour's stay, 11/2 fl. 3 permission obtained from the harbour-master gratis) the is- land of Lacroma (anagram of Marco) with its wonderful wealth of ericas, myrtles, aloes, and other plants. We land at the S.E. end of the island. The old monastery of S. Marco, in a depression on the S.E. side, with a church founded by Richard Cóeur de Lion in 1193, now an imperial château, not shown to visitors, is surrounded with charming grounds. *View of the sea and the coast. A little to the W. is the Mare Morto, a natural basin in the rock. On a hill to the N.W. is a deserted fort. A cross below it commemorates the accidental blowing up of the Triton, an Austrian man-of-war, in 1859. The CHURCH AND CHAPEL of S. BIAGIO (Slav. Blaz), on the peninsula of Lapad, 3/4 hr. to the N.W. of Ragusa, are reached by following the Gravosa high-road to the top of the hill (passing the Cimitero dei Signor; on the right), and diverging thence to the left by a bridle-path through a fertile valley. Beyond the church (20 min.) is the chapel, built in 1857, in a pine-grove (chief festival, 3rd Feb.), commanding a view of the whole coast. To the VALLEY OF THE OMBLA a delightful excursion (21/2-3 hrs., best in the forenoon). From Ragusa we drive to Gravosa, row thence (with 1 rower, 2 fl.) into the Ombla (Slav. Rjeka, the ancient Arion), 160 yds. broad, and flanked with villas and villages, and ascend as far as the mill, driven by the river which here bursts forth copiously from its sub- terranean channel (being probably identical with the Trebinjčica, which disappears in the Herzegovina, a good many miles to the E.). As far as the monastery at Rożało the water of the river, 3 M. long in all, is fresh, , and its current is so strong that travellers require to disembark a little below the mill. Lower down the water is brackish, and at last quite salt. — WALKERs go from Gravosa on the left (S.) bank of the Ombla to a (5 min.) ferry, cross, and follow the right bank to Mokosica (opposite 442 Route 83. BOCCHE DI CATTARO. From Spalato S. Stefano) and Rožato (see above). They then recross to the left bank and follow it to the mill. In the distance to the S.E., at the end of the Gionchetto valley, is seen Bergato (Brgat), where the Ragusa water- conduit begins. In returning, the traveller may follow the conduit direct to the suburb of Pille (p. 440), a somewhat steep ascent. Splendid views of the bays, the sea, and the islands. To CANNos.A the easiest route is by the steamer (Cesare & Dannecker's, comp. p. 436) which plies three times weekly in the morning from Gra- vosa to Stagmo (p. 437), touching at Cannosa, both going and returning. It is, however, more attractive to drive thither (151/2 M. ; carr. in about 3 hrs. ; 8-10 ſ.), or still better to go by rowing-boat (with 2 rowers 2 hrs., 31/2 fl.) and return by carriage previously ordered to meet the traveller at Cannosa. Walkers may visit the source of the Ombla on the way back from Cannosa. — Those who drive to Cannosa cross the Ombla by ferry (but this is often impossible in autumn when the violent Bora prevails). The beautiful road, called Strada Marmont after the French marshal Marmont (Duc de Ragusa), leads chiefly along the heights (with view of the ‘stag-islands”, p. 439) to Verbica, round the deep bay of Malfi (Slav. Zaton), to Valdinoce (Slav. Orašac), with several fine planes, and (151/2 M.) Cannosa (Osteria, tolerable, but dear). We alight by two gigantic *Plane- trees, each some 40 ft. in circumference, and shading with its foliage a space of 65 yds. in diameter. By these trees is a spring of good water. Below them is the somewhat neglected villa of Count Gozze of Ragusa. A beautiful road, commanding a charming view, descends to the (10 min.) small harbour of Seydupina. - - A delightful excursion from Ragusa (diligence daily in 41/2, returning in 33/4 hrs. ; fare 2 fl. 40 kr.) is across the pass of Breno, with splendid views of the sea and the coast all the way, to (19 M.) Trebinje (Andrić’s Inn; Zum lustigen Michel; Müller), a little town of 790 inhab. in the Herzegovina, most picturesquely situated in the valley of the Trebinjáica, enclosed by finely shaped mountains. (Turkish bazaar, mosque, etc.) Proceeding on its way to Cattaro, the steamer rounds the peninsula of Lapad and steers S. through the Bocca Grande. On the left rise the Pettini ('combs'), a series of cliffs with a lighthouse. Beautiful view of Ragusa. Further on is Lacroma (p. 441); then the bay (valle) of Breno and the rocky islands of Bobara and Merkan near Ragusa Vecchia (see below). Skirting the steep coast of the Canali (see below), and rounding the sharp Punta d'Ostro, the southern- most meteorological station in Austria, we next reach the *Bocche di Cattaro. On the right are the fort on the Punta d'Arza and Fort Mamula on the rock of Rondoni. Bocche di Cóttaro is the name given to a fjord or arm of the sea pene- trating far into the mainland of Dalmatia, and in form somewhat resem- bling the Lake of Lucerne. Bounded on the N. and E. by imposing moun- tains, rising to nearly 6000 ft., and more open towards the S., the five different basins of this bay, connected in several cases by narrow straits, afford a series of grand and striking pictures. The vessel steers N., past the Punta Kobila on the left, into the second basin of the Bocche, the W. bay of which is called the Topla-Bai, and touches at Castelnuovo (see below). FROM RAGUSA To CASTELNUovo BY LAND (31 M. ; diligence three times a week in about 6 hrs. ; fare 2 fl. 60 kr.) the route as far as Ragusa Vecchia (carr. thus far 5-6 fl.) vies in beauty with the finest coast scenery in Italy. The road leaves Ragusa by the Porta Ploce (p. 441), and above S. Giacomo ascends to the promontory of Spezeria, 11/2 M. beyond which the Trebinje road diverges to the left (see above). Our road then descends to the district (żupa) of Breno and to Cibada. Farther on, by the Molini di Breno, is a good osteria. We next skirt the bay of Breno, passing to Cattaro. CASTELNUOVO. 83. Route. 443 several springs, to Plat and Obod (479 ft.), and ascend rapidly to a bi- furcation of the road (osteria). At the top of the hill we obtain a striking view of the Sea, and the island of Meleda. The road straight on leads to the Camali (see below), that to right to Ragusa Vecchia (*Pappagallo; post and telegraph), Slav. Cavtat (civitas), the ancient Epidaul'ºis, and after its destruction by the Avari in 656 the mother-town of Ragusa. On the E. side it is bounded by a rock, the top of which (Punta S. Rocca), or still better the chapel higher up, commands a beautiful view. The principal harbour is on the W., a smaller on the E. Side of the town. The road to Castelnuovo at first traverses the W. and then the E. side of the Canali, a flat valley stretching between high mountains on the |B. side and the lower spurs on the W. as far as the bay of Topla (p. 442). The natives (Canalesi) wear a peculiar costume. The S. part of the Canali was formerly the Suttorina, a Turkish enclave similar to that of Kleck to the S. of the Narenta delta, ceded to Turkey at the Peace of Passaro- witz with a view to separate the republic of Ragusa from the Venetian possessions. 31 M. Castelnuovo, see below. Castelnuovo (Albergo Dulfo ; Leoko), Slav. Erzeg Novi (pop. 7364), with venerable ivy-clad walls partially destroyed by an earth- quake, is charmingly situated at the foot of the (4/2 hr.) Fort Spagnuolo, for the possession of which the Turks and Venetians formerly had many a struggle. The fountain in the principal piazza and the Porta di Terra Ferma bear Turkish inscriptions. Beautiful walk to the E., through luxuriant vegetation, to the monastery of Savina and the harbour of Meljina, with its military hospital. A charming drive, preferable to the steamboat trip, may be taken on the N. bank of the Bocche to Meljina, Gjenović, and Andrić. We may then cross by boat to Lepatene (see below) and follow the beautiful road, or go on by boat, along the W. bank of the bay of Cattaro, to Donji, Stolivo, Perzagno (see below), Mula, and (5 hrs.) Cattaro. Rowing-boat from Castelnuovo to Cattaro (about 1/2 fl. for each rower; charge varies according to weather etc.) also about 5 hrs. ; a visit to Risano takes 1)/2 hr. more. - The steamer turns to the S., traverses the Canale di Combur, and enters the third basin of the Bocche called the Bay of Teodod, Over the flat S.E. bank, which yields the famous Marzamino wine, peep the mountains of Montenegro. We then steer N.E., between green and thickly peopled hilly banks, into the narrowest Bocca, called Le Catene because once shut off by chains. To the left are the village of Josica and the monastery of S. Domenica; on the hill to the right lies Lepatene. From the Catene we enter the two inner- most recesses of the Bocche, bounded on the E. by huge limestone mountains. To the left are the pilgrimage-church of S. Maria dello Scarpello on an island and the rock of S. Giorgio. Before us, at the foot of the Casson (2864 ft.), lies the large village of Perasto with the little fort of S. Croce. — The steamer then turns N. into the bay of Risano, the ancient Rhizinium, a little town (4206 inhab.) grandly situated at the N.E. end of the Bocche. To the N.W. (20 min.) is the Zoput Cavern, from which a spring sometimes bursts forth. On the hills, now crowned with a series of forts, lies the Krivosie, where revolts have frequently occurred. - From Risano a beautiful road leads on the E. bank to Perasto, Orahovac, Ljuta, the long and straggling Dóbrota, and past a cavern high above us containing an orange-tree, to (10 M.) Cáttaro (see below). 444 Roule 83. CATTARO). The steamer returns to Perasto and steers S. into the fifth basin, the superb Bay of Cáttaro, on the W. bank of which it touches at Pergagno and Mula. To the S. towers the huge Lovćen (5770 ft.). Câttaro (Hôtels Graz and Trieste; Café Doimi, on the marina), Slav. Kotur, the Roman Ascrivium, a strong frontier-fortress with 5432 inhab, and a considerable garrison, the residence of the district governor and of a Greek Catholic bishop, is grandly situated at the E. angle of the bay, at the foot of the lofty mountains of Montenegro, on alluvial soil deposited by the Scurda, a torrent which falls into the bay to the N. of the town-walls. Above the town rises the forti- fied hill of S. Giovanni (919 ft.). The cramped but pleasant little town is entered from the harbour by the Porta della Marina (closed at 11 p.m.), from the N. by the Porta Fiumara (closed at 6 p.m.), and from the S. by the Porta Gordicchio, the two last gates being named after two springs issuing from the rocks. Small as it is, Cáttaro boasts of a Cathedral, containing a chapel of the patron- saint Triphonius (whose festival is on 3rd Feb.), a Rom. Cath. Collegiate Church, a Franciscan Monastery, and a Theatre. Outside the Porta Fiumara the Montenegrines hold market on Mon., Thurs., and Sat., on which occasion they are required to deposit their arms in a house set apart for the purpose. Notices and sign-boards in the Servian (Russian) character also indicate the proximity of the frontier. —Beautiful walks along the shore N.E. to D6brota (p. 413), and W. to Mula (see above). - - From Cáttaro to (15 M.) Budud, a little town to the S., on the coast of the Primorje, diligence 4 times weekly. From Cáttaro by Antivari (p. 446) and Durazzo to Corfil, steamer once weekly in 50 hrs. (see Baedeker's Greece). 84, Excursion to Montenegro. A visit from Cáttaro to Cetinje, the capital of Montenegro, takes two days; a most interesting excursion (carr. and pair 6-7 fl., there and back 20-30 fl. 3 saddle-horse 71/2-10 fl.). - MontRNEGRO (Serv. Crnagora, Turk. Karadag, ‘black mountain’), 3527 sq. M. in area, with 200,000 inhab., almost exclusively Greek Catho- lics, is a grand and quite unique mountain-region, the W. half of which is almost destitute of valleys, but contains a few isolated rocky basins, where alone sufficient soil is found for the cultivation of rye and potatoes (krumbiri, ‘earth-pears'). Cetinje, Nikšić, Podgorica, and a few other places only lie in the midst of plains of some extent, which are mostly the beds of ancient lakes. The highest mountains in the W. are the Lovćen. or Sturovnik, Ital. Sella (5770 ft.) and the Orjen (6218 ft.), which lies to the N., on the Dalmatian frontier. The E. part is a vast Alpine region, as yet im- perfectly explored, the highest peaks being the Dormitor (8146 ft.), to the N., and the Kuckikom (8032 ft.), to the E. In this part of the country occur deep valleys, furrowed by rivers, such as the Zeta descending from the plateau of Nikšić (2432 ft.), and falling into the Morača near Podgorica, which last empties itself through its delta-like embouchure into the Lake of Scutari, whence, through Turkish territory, the copious Bojana descends to the sea. The E. part alone is well wooded; the W. half is almost entirely bare (save perhaps the beautiful wood at a considerable height on the N. side of the Lovćen); and it is probably the bleak and wild character of this part of the country, with its grey or reddish limestone MONTENEGRO. 84. Route. 445 rocks, that has given rise to the name of ‘Montenegro”. The exports, valued at 2 million fl. per annum, consist of cattle, cheese, wool, raisins, insect-powder, etc. - Inhabitants. The Montenegrines, who are Servian fugitives from Turkish sway, speak the same dialect as their compatriots. They are, as a rule, extremely poor. Their thatched huts resemble stables rather than the dwellings of human beings. Yet the men are remarkably dignified in their bearing, and they generally carry quite an arsenal of weapons in their girdles, while the women, though often beautiful, perform most of the menial tasks and soon lose their good looks. At places the traveller encounters quite a Homeric State of Society, where war and poetry are the sole pursuits, and where the hero is seen seated in presence of the blind minstrel who extols his exploits in war or his last “ceta’ or preda- tory expedition to the twang of the one-stringed ‘gusla’. The vendetta (for “he who revenges himself is blessed’), which is deeply rooted in the Montenegrine notion of the unity of the family, is also occasionally preva- lent. Travellers ignorant of the language are not very cordially received, but those who can speak it a little or are provided with introductions will meet with unbounded hospitality. History. In the middle of the 14th cent. Montenegro was an in- dependent principality, and from 1516 onwards its princes were also the highest spiritual dignitaries. Down to the 19th cent. battles and raids against their neighbours form the sole staple of the history of the people, and at a time when the whole of South-eastern Europe to the very gates of Vienna was trembling before the Turks, the Montenegrines managed to windicate and maintain their independence. With the reign of Peter II. (1830-51) begins a new era in Montenegro; for that prince, himself one of the foremost Servian poets of his time, energetically devoted himself to the task of civilising his people. His successor Danilo (1852–60) separated the supreme temporal from the spiritual power, and founded an absolute princi- pality. His nephew and successor Wicola, the present reigning prince, waged successful wars against the Turks (1861-62 and 1877–78), and by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878 not only obtained full recognition of his sovereignty, but gained an important addition to his territory which afforded the country a long wished for access to the sea (Antivari-Dulcigno). Prince Nicola has the further merit of having introduced a new code of laws, and be is also known as a dramatist (“The Empress of the Balkans’). Inns exist in the chief towns only. Elsewhere travellers are dependent on private hospitality, in which case they should offer adequate gratuities. Money. Montenegro has no coinage of its own. Austrian money alone is current. As far as Cetinje paper-money is readily taken, but for the interior silver florins are requisite. , - Post and Telegraph Offices, 8 of the former, 15 of the latter, in the larger towns only. Postage to Austria, less than to other countries. Post-cards 2 and 3 kr. The *RoAD to Cetinje leads from the Porta Gordicchio at Cattaro, past the village of Skaljari, and through a beautiful walley wooded with oaks. Straight at first, it afterwards ascends in windings to the (21/2 M.) ‘Hôtel and Fort Trinità (758 ft.). The road straight on leads through the Zupa to Budua (p. 444); to the right a path diverges to Fort Vermac (1588 ft.; a shorter way to the coast). We follow the road to the left, skirting the imposing Fort Gorazda, at first towards the S., then to the E., and cross the torrent Zvironjal. Thence a steady ascent in many windings to a (31/2 M.) Guard House (2041 ft.) and the (2 M.) Montenegrine frontier (2966 ft.), indicated by slabs of stone. Thence N.E. to the top of the pass (3051 ft.), at the foot of the Lovćen, and a slight descent, past a cavern on the right, to the (11/2M.)guard-house of Zanevdo (3005 ft.), 446 Route 84. MONTENEGRO. where the bridle-path (see below) joins the road. The whole route affords striking *Views of the Bocche, which resemble a lake, com- manded on the N. by the Orjen (Gora Bianca; 6218 ft.), and of the Adriatic to the N.W., this scenery being almost unsurpassed in Europe. - 4 - The BRIDLE-PATH from Cattaro to Cetinje leads from the Porta Fiumara on the E. side of Fort S. Giovanni, and by Spiljari, in Sixty-six zigzags to (3 hrs.) Zanewdo (See above), but even for walkers and riders the high- road is far preferable for the finer views it affords. - - The road next leads past (1 M.) the guard-house of Kerstac, where a direct path diverges to (2 hrs.) Bajci (see below), to (2 M.) Njeguš (2953 ft. ; tolerable Inn, one bed; landlady speaks Italian and a little German), the ancestral home of the reigning family and the cradle of the Montenegrine wars of independence. The town (1200 inh.), situated in the old basin of a lake on the E. side of the Lovćen, consists of two parts, one with the school and the inn on the W., the other with the plain Country Residence of the Prince on the E. side. The whole character of the place is Montenegrine. At the inn strukkas, a kind of plaid with long fringes, and a peculiar kind of pouch, called torba or torbica, are offered for sale. From Njeguš the road ascends to the E. in windings to the pass of Krivačko Zdrjelo (3937 ft.), which affords a striking *View of the mountains to the N.E., towards Nikšić (to which a road is being made), and, to the S., of the Lake of Scutari and the Albanese Alps. On the right rises the Lovćen (5770 ft.), with the Chapel of St. Peter, the patron-saint of Montenegro. The road then descends towards the S., and the red houses of Cetinje in a green basin soon become visible. The cultivated floor of the Valley is reached at Bajci (to , which a direct path leads from Kerstae, see above). A drive of 24/2-3 hrs. from Njeguš brings us to — Cetinje (*Hotel at the S. end, R. 1 fl. 20, D. 2 fl., B. 25 kr.: Trattoria al Kraljevec Marko, with six rooms, plain; both landlords speaks German), the capital of Montenegro, with 1200 inh., residence of the Prince, and seat of his government. In some respects the place resembles a little German country-town, but has several distinc- tive features of its own. It may be seen in an hour, but a whole day may be pleasantly spent in observing the natives and their peculiarities. - * - - Starting from the hotel and going through the main street, we first note the Girls' Institution on the right, founded by the Empress of Russia; then the Post and Telegraph offices; and a little back from the street the Theatre, built by Slade, an American. (Servian company from Belgrade.) In the N. wing of the theatre is the Casino, with billiard and reading rooms; the S. wing is to be fitted up as a Museum of weapons, Turkish trophies, etc. - Farther N. are a small Church, with rock-hewn tombs, and a Monument to the warriors of 1861. On the E. side is the Hospital. We return to the main street, where modern houses are interspersed MONTENEGRO. 84. Route. 447 with thatched cottages, and where the representatives of foreign powers reside. On the left is the New Palace of the Prince, a pleas- ing white edifice (not shown ; persons who obtain an audience must be in uniform or in evening dress). The sentinels in front of it have a becoming uniform. Opposite is the Konak of the Hereditary Prince. A little further to the W. is a large elm, under which the Prince occasionally administers justice. Behind the palace a meadow, where the prince's body-guard of 100 men play at their interesting national games, and a church. On the N. side of the street is the Old Palace or Biljar, resembling a fortress, now the seat of the Supreme court of justice and of the government printing-office, where the news- paper ‘Glas Crnagorca’ (‘voice of Montenegro') is published. On a hill to the right, marked by the lofty tower of Kula, rises the Monastery of the Virgin, with its small but tasteful church, which is also the burial-chapel of the princely family. Interesting Iko- nostas or altar-screen. On the right is the sarcophagus of St. Peter Petrowis, founder of the present dynasty, popularly called ‘Rad’, by which the Montegrines are in the habit of binding themselves by oath. Above the monastery rises the round tower of Tabia (Turk. ‘battery’), to which the skulls of fallen Turks used to be affixed. It now contains a bell which summons the devout to worship or the nation to war. Farther N. are the Prince’s Stables, the Prison, and the Cartridge Works. - A day may be pleasantly spent in ascending to the Chapel of St. Peter on the Lovćen (p. 416). — No one should omit to visit Rjeka (9 M. ; carr. in 11/2 hr.). The (1/2 M.) Granica or Belvedere, the boundary between the districts of Cetinje and Rjeka, commands a splendid view of the Lake of Scutari, the Albanese Mts. (the Prokletigori or ‘accursed mountains", the Roman Bebii Montes), and the mountains by Antivari. The road, which begins just beyond the hospital (see above), cannot be mistaken. For the footpath a guide is advisable. Longer tours in Montenegro must be made on horseback. (Horses and guides, , who at Cetinje speak Italian, are almost everywhere pro- curable.) If prepared to rough it, the traveller may visit the fortress of Mikšić (pop. 3000) and, to the N.E. of it, the monastey of Ostrok or Pod- gorica, where the ruins of a Roman town, supposed to be. Dioclea, the birthplace of Emp. Diocletian, have lately been unearthed. Some little courage is required for the ascent of the Dormitor (p. 444) to the N., whence a tolerably easy pass crosses to Foča in Bosnia (where formerly the population was counted by “rifles”), or for the ascent of the Kuckikom (p. 444) to the E. — The S. part of Montenegro, the Lake of Scutari and Antivari, the Prince’s winter residence, may be visited either from Rjeka (826 above), by crossing the lake and following a good road round the base of the Rumia Vrch (5233 ft.), or by sea (Lloyd steamers, p. 444). The town of Scºttari, for which passports must be viséd by a Turkish con- Sul, is best visited from S. Giovanni di Medua (Lloyd station), or the traveller may cross the lake to it from Rjeka. In the S. part of Monte- negro the government alllows travellers an escort of 2-4 gensdarmes, each of whom receives 11/2 fl, per day. - B0SNIA, Bosnia in the wider sense includes Bosnia Proper, the Herzego- vina, Turkish Croatia (Krajina), and the ancient Rascia (Sandshak Novibasar), that is, in all, the region bounded on the N.W. and N. by Croatia and Slavonia, on the E. by Servia, on the S. by Al- bania (Turk. Vilajet Prisren) and Montenegro, and on the S. W. and W. by Dalmatia. This territory, covering an area of 23,863 (or, without Novibasar, 19,964) sq. M., nominally forms the N.W. vilajet of the Ottoman Empire, but in accordance with the Treaty of Berlin of 13. July, 1878, followed by the convention of 21. Dec. 1879, has been occupied and, with the exception of the Sandshak Novibasar, governed by Austria-Hungary, under reservation of the sovereignty of the Sultan. Inhabitants. The population of Bosnia, excluding the Sand- shak Novibasar, numbers 1,365,713, and their nationality is almost exclusively Slavonic, with the exception of some 30,000 Albanese in the S.E. part of the country, who are supposed to be descendants of the ancient Pelasgi. About 571,250 profess the Greek-Oriental creed, 285,788 are Roman Catholics, 492,710 Mohammedans, and 5805 Jews. History. Bosnia is mentioned in history for the first time in the Roman period, and in close connection with Dalmatia. The Roman sway over these lands was repeatedly shaken by the inva- sions of the Goths, followed in 610 by an inroad of the Croatians and by another of the Servians. The S.W. part of the eountry em- braced Christianity under Justinian (527-65), and the rest of it was converted by the Servian apostles Cyrill and Methud about the year 880. From 940 onwards Bosnia was governed by elective princes or ‘bans', who were feudatories of the Servian and Croatian, and afterwards of the Hungarian kings. In 1849 King Stephan of Servia took possession of Bosnia, but after his death in 1855 it regained its independence, and in 1874 the ruling Ban assumed the title of King Stephan Tvertko I. In the reign of his eighth successor, Sté- phan Tomashewitch, Bosnia was conquered by Sultan Mohammed II. (1463); in 1520 it was incorporated with the Turkish empire, and it afterwards became the chief theatre of the long wars between Austria and Turkey, which were at length ended by the peace of Sistowa in 1791. But the land was seldom long at peace, as the oppressive sway of the Turks caused the Christians to revolt repeat- edly, particularly in 1850 and 1875. The Russian and Turkish --- - -- I- sareng" Zorºrnik” x2 * ºf *ºtorinº j Vakufskuºni. - f Bronzen; majãan. Baijalu 4, Jayºnica Sanºkimost & N P L. | - Jasenovac, º ~ o - 1872 º *Aroß ev. °. C PL. sta - º, ovska. a.º. (i. J. º *L Požeſ! -º- eu-Grººk ojº whicaſº o ſt: - Ska. *Xºsſ.pabira. - 'Doberlin) ſº º, 7. º, Bo * (Berºr/ infor Petkovac ºc. - - MoTaica (IºIS - o z_2 * º 2 y Leżenica - “º T & - Kºła. º *ºrds: ºasica -- o ". º: &lamº *c sº. A, - £ami. 2. ºo is I, es; * *zº. " 18°30' -E-i- - 5 O C C H E D C AT TARO Ma B stab 1 .400.000 *—º-º-º-º-3–3 Kilometer o, so ſoºring 2.... º “4” Zºº, º, ‘.… ** ^: º: º - - °º ºf: RC t ºš º !ººks Bisanstikº - cº º º - - --- - ~ *. Jºjica Co. Nº. -o/n}oskº R ºciº- Cain. d: * - **s - Bosnien unt DALMATIEN zur (bersicht der E | S E N B A H N E N & Wichtigsten Strassenverbindung €Il. Ma (3 Stab 1: 2.000.000 r- - oka. 2: Mokronoge. Ljubuša. Prostā - º pl. ..lostuca Flº 17% P - - º *º sº H. Prisoft º/7// .o.º. - Z7780 *74 º, Jabaº ºc * Blidinješº 2227 Do?: ica. wºrstnica "mºgºrasaº gº º -- . Bºr * Nº ſº º º Jazze %. *sº - - - º, ) “A,” o rec ºzºº * º tº ºr - \,, Tºny ºn. **i Lesina. Araneº. *ggº. 3 ºftººk § - - Cerrerº ič2. ºrrº--~~ ſ Ş. Cºpiº tinº ſºcio - Nº. Paſānkā. ovgº ºg Bºº Opatº...&r ſhof. Pºgº uška G or a Erčević - *o. Bos º: lºgº º --- *> ſo “nia. ... - - Janjaž Mesnical - w 4. * º tºo bloº Radº n a **** - *—“ –“ –“ ” “–* * Kilometer(113-1°) 10 20 30 +0. *Engl. Miles Aisenbahnen Ž, Tºñº - - Yºrza. º º w – Strassert. s . (NJA wa, o º pazarºlaſ º, º w - ºo { sºvº º º ºgº º, - | `- º R; 17 Östliche Länge v. Greenwich 19 - - Wagner & Debes, Leipzig. § C E 6 *ca. -- - ex, ... . --~~ ğ. Previñº. ºgº & sº wº BOSNIA. 449 war of 1878, did not directly affect Bosnia at the time, but by the Treaty of Berlin Austria was allowed to occupy Bosnia and the Herzegovina. The Austrian troops under General v. Philippovich marched into the country on 19th July 1878, but it was only after conflicts of several months that the country was subjugated. The introduction of the general military conscription in the autumn of 1881 caused a new revolt, which was quelled by force of arms. Plan of Tour. A slight acquaintance with the country and its inhabitants may be obtained by taking the Routes 85, 86, described below, for which about eight days suffice. The traveller should time his arrival at Metković. so as to be able to start by steamer next day (comp. R. 83). Route 87 takes 9–10, and the very attrac- tive Route 88 about 5–6 days. Digressions from the beaten track are, as a rule, tedious and expensive, as saddle and pack-horses, an interpreter, and sometimes a military escort are required. Gener- ally, however, the public safety is well provided for. The best season for the tour is August and September. Inns. At Sarājevo, Banjaluka, Mostar, and other towns there are good and reasonable hotels. In the smaller places the restau- rants usually have a few rooms to let. Good quarters are always to be had where there is a garrison in the vicinity. Off the beaten tracks the traveller must put up at the objectionable Turkish khans. Money, Austrian; but Servian and Turkish copper coins are sometimes current, and are accepted at their par value. Passport are necessary, and must be shown to the police wher- ever the traveller stays for more than 24 hours. For a visit to the Sandshak Novibasar the visa of a Turkish consul is necessary. The Language of Bosnia is the Servian-Croatian, which belongs to the S.E. group of the Slavonic dialects, but is much mixed with Turkish words. For all ordinary purposes, however, German suf- fices, as it is spoken by the Austrian officials, the innkeepers, and a number of the traders. The following hints about the pronun- ciation will often be useful; c =ts, 6 = ty, Ś = ch, ś = sh, Ž = the French j. A few words of frequent occurrence are: gostiona, inn; kuća, hisa, house; whod, entrance; izhod, exit; krevet, bed; lug, light; Sveda, candle; ogan, fire; kruha, bread; mljeko, milk; vino, wine; kava, coffee; kavana, café; rakija, spirits; pivo, beer; voda, water; Ślſive, plums; jaja, eggs; meso, meat; riba, fish ; Sir, cheese; sol, salt; noż, knife; viljuska, fork; boca, bottle; dasa, glass; srebro, silver; glato, gold; predrago, too dear; jutro, sutro, morning; dan, day; večer, evening; ulica, Street; put, road; crkva, church; kula, tower; dāamija, mosque; gora, brdo, or brieg, mountain; planina, Alp; dol; dolina, Valley; potok, rieka, brook; most, bridge; ostrov, island; hamal, porter; put, road; konj, horse; masak, mule; kola, carriage, posta, post-office; drvo, tree; Suma, wood; kisa, rain; — desno; to the right; ljevo, to the left; pod, under; od, of; za, behind; blizo, near; daleko, far; doskan, late; dobro, good; pol, half; kako, BUEDEKER's S. Germany. 7th Edit. 29 “y 450 Route 85. SARAJEWO. how; je, is; mali, Small; veliki, large; gornji, high; donji, lower; — 1–12: jedan, dva, tri, Četiri, pet, Sest, sedam, osam, devet, deset; jedanest, dvanaest; 15, petnaest; 20, dvadeset; 21, dvadeset i jedan, 30, trideset; 50, petdeset; 100, sto, stotina; 1000, hiljada. The chief authorities on Bosnia are the following German works : — Roskiewicz, Studien über Bosnien etc.; Leipzig und Wien 1868. Blau, Reisen in Bosnien und der Herzegowina; Berlin 1877. Sterneck, Geographische Verhältnisse etc.; Wien 1877. Helfert, Bosnisches; Wien 1879. - Die Occupation Bosniens und der Herzegowina durch die k. k. Truppen; Wien 1879–80. Hörnes, Dinarische Wanderungen; Wien 1886. Asbóth, Bosnien und die Herzegowina. Wien 1888. The best map is that published by the Military-Geographical Institute of Vienna, in 1884-85, on the scale of 1 : 75,000. 85. From Bosnisch-Brod to Sarājevo. 1671/2 M. RAILway (Bosnabahn) in 14 hrs. (fares 16 fl. 14, 10ſ.T0, 6 fl. 73 kr.), starting at 6. 24 a.m., stopping for dinner at Zenica, and arriving at 8. 16 p.m. - Bosnisch-Brod, see p. 373. 5 M. Siekovac is also a steamboat- station (p. 373). The Bosnian line quits the Save and ascends by the Ukrina to (6 M.) Novoselo and (151/2 M.) Dervent (492 ft.; Rail.—Rest.), a town of 2500 inhab., with the head-office of the railway. It then winds up to (221/2 M.) Vrhovi and (301/2 M.) Han Marica, on the saddle of the Krnin Planina (972 ft.), skirts the brook Veličanka, passes (371/2 M.) Velika, and descends to the Bosna Valley and (441/2 M.) Kotorsko (443 ft.). At (51. M.) Doboj (479 ft.; Rail. Resi.), with its ruined castle, the Spreća descends from the left to the Bosna. (Branch through the valley of the Spreća to Gradanica, Dubošnica, Bistarac, Dolnja Tuzla, and Simin Han, 411/2 M.) Farther on, we cross the Bosna, and recross it at (68) Maglaj (575 ft.; Rail. Rest.), a little town with an old castle, pic- turesquely situated at the foot of the Ulešnjak Brdo. . . . - - The valley contracts. The train winds round the wooded hills rising to the W., passes Globarica and Zavidović, and enters the defile of (90. M.) Zepée (719 ft.), which was stormed by Prince Eugene in 1697. Here we recross the stream. 99 M. Han Begov (to the right of which is Golubinje, on the hill); 1041/2 M. Nemila; 1091/2 M. Vranduk, an ancient fortress; 118 M. Zenica (1014 ft.; Rail. Rest.; halt of 25 min. for dinner), with productive coal- mines; 124 M. Janjići (junction for Travnik, see p. 459); 1291/2M. Gora ; 1361/2 M. Kakanj-Doboj (2 hrs. E. of which is the old Fran- ciscan monastery of Sutjeska); 489 M. Catidi; 142 M. Dobrinje; 448 M. Visoka, with large tanneries; 157 M. Vogośća, where the Sarajevsko Polje, 2 M. broad, begins. - - 1674/2 M. Sarājévo. — ARRIVAL. The station is about 2/2 M. from the middle of the town. Passports sometimes asked for. Hotel-omnibuses (30 kr.) and cabs (11/2, with luggage 2 fl.) are in waiting. - HoTELs: “KAISER v. OESTERREICH and *EUROPA, both in the Franz- SARAJEVO. 85. Route, 451 Josef-Str., R. from 1 fl. to 1 fl. 80, L. & A. Á0 kr.: AUSTRIA, same street, plainer, R. 1-1/2 fl., L., & A. 20 kr. —- Second-class : ORIENT, by the Bazaar ; £LEPHANT, Cemalusa-Gasse 36; RoSINBERG, in the Philippovich-Platz, R. from 80, L. & A. 20 kr. - CAFEs. Europa, and Austria at the hotels named above; beer at the Raiser v. Oesterreich, the Elephant, the Bierquelle, and Friedrich’s, in the Kaiser-Str. — Turkish Cafés, by the Begova. Mosque, on the road to the castle, etc.; cup of coffee 4-5, lemonade 10, raspberry and cherry water 6 kr. - Turkish Confectioner, corner of Philippovich-Platz and Kaiser-Str. (rose-leaves preserved in Sugar, 2 fl. per box). - - CABs, Philippovich-Platz, with tariff in German. . BATH's (or bagno): Europäisches Bad, Franz Josef - Str. 30, not over clean ; Turkish Bath (1 fl.), Cemalusa - Gasse. — PHOTOGRAPHS at Königs- berger's, Franz-Josef-Str. — CASINo, Franz-Josef-Str.: introduction neces- sary. - - * SIGHTS. Walk through the town, visit the Bazaar, ascend the Castle, make an excursion to the Ziegenbrücke, the Košava Valley, Miljevice, etc. — Mon., Tues., Wed, (market-day), and Thurs, are the best days for visiting the town; on Frid., Sat., and Sun., being Mohammedan, Jewish, and Christian holidays respectively, the town is less lively. — For short excursions in the environs, a hamal (porter) may be engaged. (Ask at hotel. Fee about 30 kr, pr. hour, and a few cigarettes.) - Sarájevo or Serájevo (1762 ft.), the capital of Bosnia, seat of the Austrian authorities, and residence of a Roman Catholic arch– bishop and a Greek metropolitan, with 26,268 inhab. (15,787 Mo- hammedans and 2618 Jews) and an Austrian, garrison of 2900 men, lies in a narrow walley watered by the Miljačka, at the foot and on the slopes of hills rising to a height of 5250 ft. The numerous minarets (about 70) and the little houses standing in gardens give the town a very picturesque appearance. The river, which bursts forth from a gorge just above the town, is crossed by seven bridges, four of them wooden. The streets on the river - banks are chiefly occupied by the Austrian and other immigrants, while most of the Turks and the Servians have their houses on the hill-sides. The so-called Gipsies' Quarter (Hisséta), at the entrance to the town from the station, is inhabited by the lowest classes, but not by gipsies. . - . . . . . w - - The three main streets on the right bank of the Miljačka, the Franz-Josef, containing the best hotels and the Greek Church, the Cemalusa, and the Ferkadia streets, lead E. to the Bazaar, the focus of business, most lively on Wednesdays, when the natives come from long distances to attend the market. The bazaar consists of a labyrinth of lanes, flanked with wooden booths, behind which are warehouses of solid stone. Shoemakers, tailors, greengrocers, sadd- lers, coppersmiths, second-hand dealers, and in fact every trade and handicraft, have their own allotted part of the bazaar. The copper wares, silver filigree-work, and carpets are particularly attractive, but purchases cannot well be made without an interpreter. Be it, however, noted that many so-called Oriental goods are of Austrian make. In the centre of the bazaar is a small house where coffee is dispensed to the poor at the cost of the “Wakf, a Turkish pious foundation. .. - - - - - 29* 452 Route 85. SARAJEVO. In the W. part of the bazaar rises the Begova Mosque, the chief mosque in the town, erected in the second half of the 16th cent., to which with the aid of a hamal (p. 451) also non-Moham- medans may gain admission (small fee). The fore-court contains a fine fountain for religious ablutions and two venerable limes. The bodies of deceased Mohammedans are placed here for a short time, covered with a green cloth, those of men being indicated by tur- bans. To the left of the mosque is the Tomb of Usref Beg, its founder. — Near the mosque is the Softa School, erected by the Austrian government for the numerous Mohammedan minor clergy, an institution attached to every large mosque. - On the left bank of the Miljačka is the Philippovich–Platz, with the large Barracks and the Bakr – Baba - Mosque (now a magazine, and shown on application). Near the E. entrance to the barracks, in the street leading to the S., is the Mosque of the Seven Holy Brothers, containing the sarcophagi of seven Turks who are said to have been executed by a Slavonic duke in the 16th cent. - The so-called Konak is the residence of the Austrian governor and the commandant. Visitors are admitted to the garden. Near it is the new Bosnian Museum, containing Roman and other anti- Quities. - - Towards the E., near the river-bank, extends the Kaiser-Strasse (Careva Ulica), the chief street on the left bank. At the beginning of it, on the right, is the Sultanieh Mosque, on which the Turks hoist the sultan's flag every Friday at noon. - At the E. end of the Kaiser-Str. the stone Seib - Sahin Bridge, the furthest up the river, crosses to an open space at the foot of the castle-hill, to which the Nova Ulica (“new street', occupied by frip- pery-dealers), the most important lane in the bazaar, also leads. From this point the road (passing several Turkish cafés after about a hundred paces, on the left) leads to the Castle in windings. Passing the so-called Yellow Bastion, we reach a small open space with a large mulberry-tree and a good Turkish café (mulok). Going straight on, we observe a Turkish burial-ground on the right and the Višegrad Gate on the left. We turn to the right to the *White Bastion, to which the officer or sergeant on duty grants access. Splendid view of the town, the ravine of the Miljačka, the steep Kapa (see below), and the hill of Trebević. The following Excurs Ion of about 3 hrs. (guide advisable) is recom- mended: from the E. end of the Kaiser-Strasse we either ascend rapidly straight on, or follow the winding road to the right; at the top of the hill we pass several Turkish burial-grounds; further on we pass the cus- tom-house, and in 3/4 hr, reach the so-called Ziegenbrücke (Kozia - Cupria), which bridges the river in a single arch built about 1600. (Continuation of route, see p. 455.) Retracing our steps a little, we next ascend a steep footpath to the *Kapa (3179 ft.), an old Turkish guard-house, opposite the castle, affording a charming view, and descend thence W. to the town. In the W. part of the Cemalusa Str., opposite No. 10, the Košava Street diverges to the right. Ascending the latter, passing the Austrian commissariat magazine and the cemetery of the immigrants, and crossing KONJICA. 86. Route. 453 the brook Košava, we reach a hollow between the valleys of the Košava and the Sušica, where there is a café. Thence following the crest of the Gorica to the S., we come to a Gipsy Camp of some 30-70 men, women, and children, and beyond it the finest point of *View near the town. We descend by a footpath; or return to the café, descend the valley, turn to the S., and go through the camp to the town. Another excursion (guide necessary) is by the Steep paved road ascend- ing behind the barracks (p. 452) and by a footpath to (about 1/2 hr.) the houses of Miljević, where we get an extensive view of the heights of the Trebević, of the Lukavica valley, and of the Treskavica (6982 ft.) and the Bjelašnica (6782 ft.), the highest mountains in Bosnia. We return by the old Jewish Burying - Ground to the Alexander Bridge in the town (about 3 hrs. in all). - 86. From Sarajevo to Mostar and Metković. 88 M. and 116 M. respectively. DILIGENCE to Konjica daily (at 5 a.m.) in 7 hrs. (fare 5 fl. 80 kr.); railway under construction, Places should be taken several days beforehand, and the seat by the driver secured if possible, as the view from the interior of the vehicle (“Sandläufer", enclo- sed on three sides) is limited. A private carriage is much preferable: to Mostar in 2 days, with two horses, incl. luggage, 35-40 fl. — RAILWAY from Konjica to Mostar (one train in 4 hrs. ; fares 4 fl. 84, 3 fl. 23, 2 fl. 2 kr.), and from Mostar to Metković (two trains, in 2 hrs. 25 min. ; fares 2 fl. 64, 1 fl. 76, 1 fl. 11 kr.). A night must be spent at Mostar. The traveller should arrange to arrive at Metković the day before the steamer starts for Trieste or Spalato (comp. p. 436). Sarájevo, see p. 450. The road leads through the so-called Gipsies' Quarter and passes the Military Camp and the Railway Station. To the left tower the Treskavica and the Bjelašnica, which terminate in the wooded Igman (4094 ft.). On the left is the Uengić - Villa, formerly a military hospital, adjoining which is a monument to soldiers who fell in 4878. The road crosses the Miljačka (passing a villa of Fadil Pasha on the right), the Zeljeznica, on which, 10 min. higher up, are the baths of Ilidže, and the Bosna, which rises at the foot of the Igman, 2 M. to the S.W., and soon attains a breadth of over 100 ft. (Into the stone parapet of the bridge is built a Roman stone found at the source of the river.) On the left a second villa of Fadil Pasha. The road leads past the base of the Igman to Blažuj, a group of houses with a large Khap, and past the inn, of Križanje (where a road diverges to Busovača and Travnik, p. 459). Then through a beautiful wooded valley and over the saddle of Vilovac (2307 ft.) to — 22/2 M. Taróin (2426 ft.; horses changed), a military station, on the Lepenica. To the S. rise the Bjelašnica and Ivan Planina, to the W. the Bitovnja. The road then ascends rapidly in windings (cut off by footpaths) to the pass of Ivan Karaula (3172 ft.), the watershed between the Black Sea and the Adriatic, with a gen- darmes' barrack, in the midst of primaval forest, and descends a wild and romantic valley, high above the Trsanica. It then crosses the stream to — 38 M. Konjica (919 ft.; pop. 1520), a district town on the Na- renta, which is crossed by a handsome stone bridge. On the right. 454 Route 86. MOSTAR. bank are the post-office and several inns. (As to quarters ask the driver or the post-master. The Rom. Cath. curé Saravanja is well- informed and kindly gives information.) - - At Konjica begins a bleak mountain region (“Karst'; comp. p. 273). The RAILWAY To MosTAR runs through the wild and romantic *Narenta Valley, bounded on the right by the Ctorstnica and the Cabolja Planina, and on the left by the Prenj, the Porim, and the Velez Planina, all belonging to the Dormitor range. Near the line are several villages which were partly destroyed in 1875-78. Sta- tions Lisičić, Ostrožac, Rama, and (191/9 M.) Jablanica (650 ft.), a military station of a few houses, beyond which is a small waterfall. The train crosses the Narenta, and soon recrosses it. Stations Grabowica, Drežnica (at the mouth of the Drežanka, which issues from a wild gorge), Raškagora, and Vojno. - - 50 M. Mostar (194 ft.; Hôtel Orient, dear; pop. 42,665), a district town, the business centre of the Herzegovina, and seat of a Rom. Cath. and a Greek bishop. The town, which contains many new and several handsome buildings, consists of two long streets, confined in the narrow Narenta valley between the hills of Hum and Podvelez. The Narenta is crossed by a stone bridge, with an arch of 100 ft. span, built by the Turks in 1500. The town con- tains no sights, and the bazaar is inferior to that of Sarājevo. Pleasing view from the Hum road, which may be ascended to the second or third bend; grander from the top of the hill (1430 ft. ; 11/4 hr.), with its small fort, which may be entered with leave of the guard. The RAILWAY To METKović (28 M.) runs through a narrow defile at the foot of the Hum and then enters, a broad plain. To the left, near Blagaj, is the ruin of Stephansgrad, once the residence of the Bosnian kings, the last of whom was captured by the Turks at the fortress of Kljué and flayed alive here on 30th June 1468 (comp. p. 458). Near Buna (which lies on the left bank) the valley con- tracts and the scenery is again picturesque. 12 M. Zitomistić, opposite the monastery of that name; 15 M. Krućević; 21/2 M. Dretelj, station for Počitelj, on the left bank, a dreaded haunt of rºbbers down to 1850, with an interesting old castle. 23 M. Capljina; 27 M. Gabela (with Ali-Gabela, founded by the Vene- tians, on the hill). We then cross the Dalmatian frontier to — 28 M. Metković (p. 437). Steamer to Spalato and to Gravosa, see R. 83. m 87. From Sarājevo to Goražda and Plevlje, and back to Sarājevo by Priepolje and Višegrad. 9-10 Days. For this most interesting mountain tour (in the second half of which riding or walking alone is practicable) the traveller should be provided with a hammock, a pillow, one or more rugs, a lantern, a small pan or kettle, a canister of tea, etc., all of which should be packed PLEWLJE. 87. Route. 455 in two boxes or bags of equal size and weight, Suitable for transport on horseback. . (The small military trunks used by the Austrian officers are well adapted for the purpose. They are 22-24 inches long and about 18 inches in height and in width.) The small mountain-horses go at a foot-pace only; they are very sure-footed, and should generally be left very much to themselves. Each night is spent at a military station, where lodging, food, a doctor, and a post-office are always to be found. From Sarajevo to Plevlje Öğ M.) a DILIGENCE (“Post"), starting daily, runs in 3 days (fare 15 fl. 60 kr.): 1st day to (27/2. M.) Prača in 8||2 hrs., 2nd day to (26 M.) Gorazda in 8 hrs., 3rd day to (441/2 M.) Plevlje in 128/4 hrs. Sarājepo, see p. 450. The road leads through the ravine of the Miljačka, crosses the Ziegenbrücke (p. 452), and ascends in sev- eral serpentines. On the left is Han Bulog, on the right the scarcely recognisable ruins of the castle of Starigard. 101/2 M. Pale (2930ft.; horses changed), a fortified barrack on the Repasnica. The road ascends thence in sixteen serpentines to the top of the Karo- line Saddle (3422 ft.), with its military station, and descends through beautiful beech-woods to the Prača Valley. To the right Han Podgrabom, a military post; then Han Karahodzin. 271/2 M. Prača. (2270 ft.; inn and post-office); near it the ruin of Pavlovac. The road crosses the Prača and mounts on the wooded slope of the Poglej Brdo, in forty-five windings, to (391/2 M. from Sarājevo) Ranjen Karaula (3347 ft. ; military station; horses changed), which affords a superb distant view of the mountains to the S., some of which belong to Montenegro. The road winds round the precipices of the Sienokos (walkers taking the short-cuts), and descends, in full view of the beautiful Valley of the Drina, to — 531/2 M. Goražda (1132 ft. ; Steinbock; Krauss; pop. 1226), a little town on the left bank of the Drina, with a small bazaar. Good survey from the bridge. - - . The road ascends the Drina for a short distance, then mounts to the left to the Kozara Saddle (2333 ft.), and descends through a pretty valley to (65!/2 M.) Cajnica, a pleasant little town of 1327 inhab., pictures quely situated in a broad basin, with a large Greek church, frequented by pilgrims, and a fine mosque. From Cajnica to (321/2 M.) Plevlje the good military road, made in 1880, ascends through wood to the (71/2 M.; or 731/2 M. from Sarājevo) saddle of the Svietlo Borje (4554 ft.), the boundary be- tween Bosnia and the Turkish province of Lim, which is temporarily occupied by the Austrians, and descends to (83. M.) Han Poljano (4291 ft.; dinner, and change of horses), a solitary military post. To the left rise the bare slopes of the Gradina Planina (4387 ft.). The road then descends in long windings, through deep gorges, to — 98M. Plevlje (2624ft.; Kaufmann's Inn, next to the post-office; Kretschmayer’s Bierhalle; Ollalah, opposite the Austrian Consulate, at the end of the long main street), a little town of some importance, with bright-looking red-tiled houses. A visit should be paid to the (1/2 hr.) Greek Monastery of Troitza, where the shrine of St. Saba and a collection of ancient vestments and Slavonic books are 456 Route 87. WISEGRAD. shown. In the valley of the Cehotina are the remains of a Roman town, where recent excavations have unearthed several interesting objects. Roman and Byzantine coins are offered for sale in the bazaar (small silver coins for 60 kr, to 4 fl., gold coins at 100/0 above the value of the metal). On the W. side of the town are the stone- huts of the Austrian garrison; on the N. side is a Turkish camp. FROM PLEvLJE To PRIEPo1.JE (19 M., a ride of 7–8 hrs.). The traveller should order horses from his inn to be in readiness at the Austrian post-office, one for riding, and a second for luggage (2-2)/2 ft. each). The attendant, who walks, expects a few cigarettes and cups of coffee by way of gratuity. The horse-owners are, as a rule, very honest. Travellers usually join the Austrian horse-post, which starts at 6 a.m. The track gradually ascends to the top of the Mihailović Pla- nina (4521 ft.), from the W. margin of which we enjoy a superb view, with the mountains of Montenegro and the Dormitor (8146 ft.) in the distance. 81/2 M. Karaula Jabuka (4236 ft.), a lonely mili- tary post. Then down to (3 hrs.) Han Seljačnica and through the valley of the Lim to (1 hr.) — 19 M. Priepolje (1496 ft. ; Hübner's Inn, in the middle of the town; beer at a Cantine next to the post-office), a little town on the Lim, consisting of a long street. With the help of the landlord, horses should be at once engaged for next day (2-21/2 fl. each). We start at 6 a.m., in company of the post-patrol for Priboj. FROM PRIEPo1.JB To PRIBoy (23 M.; a ride of 8-9 hrs.). The bridle-path skirts the right bank of the Lim. A ride of 3 hrs, brings us to the Bistrica Bridge, where a post-patrol from Priboj relieves that from Priepolje. On an abrupt rock on the left bank stands the ruin of Jerina Gradina. Further on we pass the military post of Karaula. 23 M. Priboj (1293 ft.; Schreiber’s Inn; pop. 963), a small town and an Austrian military station. On the left bank of the Lim is the ruin of Jagod, with its large subterranean chambers. FROM PRIBoſ To VIšEGRAD, carriage-road (about 30 M.; carr. and pair in 12 hrs., incl. rest of 2 hrs. ; 10–12 fi.), a most attractive drive. We follow the right bank of the Lim to the (1 hr. by carr.) Uvac Bridge, above the influx of the Uvac into the Lim, and then ascend in 2 hrs. to the saddle of Bjelo Brdo (2726 ft.; superb pan- orama). Thence we descend through beautiful wooded valleys in about 3 hrs. to the ruins of a Servian church, where a picnic meal is usually taken. (Near it is the interesting ruin of Dobrunj, once the largest castle in Bosnia, destroyed by the Turks in 1570, with remains of early Slavonic frescoes in the chapel.) The road next leads through the Rzava Valley to Dobrunj, Celikov, and — Višegrad (1128 ft. ; *Schreiber’s Inn), a little town charmingly situated at the influx of the Rzava into the Drina, which is crossed by a handsome stone bridge built by the Vizier Sokolovich in the 16th cent. On a steep rock above the town is the ruin of Višegrad, which has given its name to the town. To RogATICA (251/2 M.; carr. in 10 hrs. ; 8-10 fl.) the road as- BANJALUKA. 88. Route. 457 cends in 21/2 hrs. to the top of the Semed Planina (4285 ft.), and descends thence through a hilly and wooded region, past Han Pešu- ric and Han Seljani, to Rogatica (1725 ft.; Inn opposite the mili- tary quarters; Schwarz's Restaur.; pop. 2013), a small town on the Rakitnica, about 121/2 M. to the N. of Goražda (p. 455). To SARKJEvo (44/2 M.; carr. in 14–46 hrs. ; 12-14 fl.) the road ascends past Kovanje in about 3 hrs. to Han Kapić (3090 ft.), on the Ivan Polje, and crosses the lofty plain of Glasinac to the Han Podromanjom (2848 ft.). It then crosses the Romanja Planina (a table-land, used as a pasture) to the Han na Romanji and Franz- Josefs-Karaula (4534 ft.), the highest point on the route, then winds down to Mokro (3350 ft.), a pleasantly situated little town, and descends the valley of the Miljačka to Sarājevo. The traveller may prefer to ride from Rogatica in 4-5 hrs. to Prača (p. 455), and thence take the diligence which runs from Goražda to Sarā- jevo (a seat being secured, if desired, by telegram to Goražda). We start in this case from Rogatica, at 6 a.m. (two horses, with guide, 4-5 fl.), in order not to miss the diligence which passes through Prača at 12.30. The route leads S.W, across the bleak table-land of Rudine to (3 hrs.) Strana, on the S.W. margin of the plateau, and then descends rapidly to Turkovic and (2 hrs.) Prača. 88. From Sissek to Novi and Banjaluka, and to Travnik and Sarājevo. RAILwax to Banjaluka (94. M.) in 78/4 hrs. ; fares 7 fl. 70, 5 fl. 53, 3 fl. 55 kr. (one train daily; military railway beyond Doberlin). From Banja- luka to Jajce and Travnik, 96 M., diligence three times weekly in two days, spending the night at Varcar Vakuf (fare 7 fl. 80 kr.); or by carr. in three days (or best in one of the rustic wagons used in this region, which holds two persons on a seat of hay, with their luggage; per day 6-8 fl., and an allowance for the return-journey). From Travnik by diligence (daily in 31/2 hrs. ; fare 11/2 fl.) to Janjići, and thence by rail to Sardjevo. Sissek (Rail. Rest.), see p. 355. The train crosses the Kulpa (passing the old fortress of Alt-Sissek on the left), and runs S. through the broad valley of the Save, through wood and fields of maize. At (141/2 M.) Sunja we cross the Sunja, then ascend its right bank, and cross the saddle of Majur into the Una Valley. 231/2 M. Kostajnica, a pleasant little town (opposite Bosnisch-Ko- stajnica). At (264/2 M.) Volinja the Una is crossed. 301/2 M. Dober- lin; 40 M. Novi (391 ft. ; pop. 2447), the first Bosnian town, on the Una, above the influx of the Sana. - The train turns to the W. into the valley of the Sana. 45 M. Blagaj; 591/2 Prjedor, a district town (pop. 4746). We quit the Sana and follow the Gomjenica through the Omarska Plain to (72 M.) Omarska, and then cross the saddle of Kukovica, with the small station of Ivanjska (998 ft.), to (93 M.) Banjaluka, the terminus of the railway, 2 M. from the town (carr. 1-14/2 fl.). Banjaluka (535 ft.; *Hotel Bosna, R. 1-11/2 fl., with café; pop. 14,357), a district town, lies on the left bank of the Vrbas in a broad valley enclosed by mountains. The town has repeatedly been 458 Route 88. JAJCE. the scene of battles between the Austrians and the Turks (1737, 1788, 1878). Numerous Turkish burying-grounds. A small bazaar in the main street. To the S., on the left bank of the Vrbas, are the hot springs of Dolnj Seher. A visit may be paid to the Trappist Monastery, founded in 1868 by German members of the order, 44/2 M. from the town (carr. 2-3 fl.). w To JAJCE (carr. see above). The road skirts the Vrbas at first, and then ascends to the right in windings to the top of the Malbuc Brdo. To the right Han Kola (1529 ft.; fine survey of the Vrbas valley); then Han Kneževic, Han Davidov, and Ham Kadima Voda (2723 ft.), on the top of the Hidin-Majdan. After a drive of about 6 hrs. we reach (251/2 M.) Sitnica (2727 ft.; halt of 2 hrs. for din- ner), a military station, about 4 M. beyond which is Han Cadjavica (2392 ft.). . • - A road leads hence to the W. (carr. in 3 hrs.) through the deep Ba- niedka Ravine to (151/2 M.) Ključ (925 ft. ; Inn next to the post-office), a Small town picturesquely situated on the Sana, with a grand old castle. In 1493, the castle was taken by the Turks, and Tomashewitch, the last king of Bosnia, was captured and cruelly put to death (comp. p. 454). Splendid view, particularly of the passage which the Sana has forced through the rocks below the town. Ključ was the scene of fierce conflicts in 1878, and was taken by storm on 7th Sept. — As the traveller will probably arrive at Ključ towards evening, he had better visit the castle next morning, Start at 10, reach Varcar-Vakuf at 3, and Jajce at 7 p.m. The road leads across the plateau of Rogolje. To the left rise the steep slopes of the Dubička Gora (3675 ft.); on the right are pastures with thick underwood. At Rogolje (2% ft.) is a monu- ment on the left to Austrian soldiers who fell in 1878. . 38 M. Varcar-Vakuf (1939 ft. ; *Inn next to the post-office; pop. 1390). Note that the ‘Roman coins’ sold here are almost in- Variably spurious. : - The road mounts to the saddle of the Oruglo Vrh (2323 ft.), and then descends by the Jošavka to (6 M.) Jezero (1898 ft.), an old little town at the influx of the Pliva into the Lake of Jezero or Pliva. (Turkish café under the old elms on the river-bank.) This lake, 4!/2 M. long, the largestin Bosnia, consists of three basins of differ- ent sizes. The road skirts the N. bank of the lake. The heights on the left were the scene of several hard-fought battles in 1878. The S. bank consists of steep wooded slopes. By the burial-place of the Austrian riflemen who fell on 7th Aug., 1878, the roadleaves the bank of the lake, ascends in two serpentines the hill of Pojakusa Brdo (the chief position of the insurgents in 1878), and runs high above the lake. We enjoy a fine view of the passage forced by the Pliva between the first and the second basin, we pass the latter, and reach the third and smallest basin (Sehit). From the E. end of the lake the road descends rapidly, past the castle, to (141/2 M. from Varcar-Vakuf) — - 52%. M. Jajce (1119 ft.; Knapp's Inn, outside the town; pop. 3706), an old town picturesquely situated on the left bank of the TRAVNIR. 88. Route. 459 Vrbas, on the slope of the Gola Planina. High above the town rises the old fortress, after the capture of which by the Turks in 1527 the present town sprang up. (Permission at the commandant's.). The old catacombs and dungeons are interesting. (Keys at the office of the district authorities; the attendant provides torches; fee 20 kr, for each pers.) In a small open space below the fortress are the walls of the church of S. Stefano, which was destroyed by the Turks in 1527. But chief among the sights of the place is the superb “Waterfall of the Pliva, which is precipitated from the Lake of Jezero in a leap of 100 ft. into the Vrbas. (We cross the bridge and turn to the left. Turkish Café. Beware of a chill, as the air by the fall is much colder than in the town. - FROM JAJCE To TRAVNIK (431/2 M., a drive of 7-8 hrs.). The road carries us through the wooded Krešluk Valley, being level for 7 M., then ascending to the saddle of the (14 M.) Karaula Gora (3870 ft. ; a splendid point of view). Thence we descend, skirting the Lašva, to (221/2 M.) Travnik (1150 ft.; Stadt Hamburg; another inn near the telegraph - office; Casino Restaur. ; pop. 5933), an old town, rebuilt after repeated fires. Fine view of the castle, dat- ing from the time of Tvertko II. (apply to commandant). Outside the town is the ‘Dervishes’ Well’, a brook issuing copiously from a fissure in the rocks. Turkish Café. - FROM TRAVNIK To JANJI61 (20 M.). The road leads through the broad valley of the Lašva (Travansko Polje) to the (141/2 M.) Lašva Bridge, where the road to (24/2 M.) Busovača diverges to the right (see p. 458), and then follows the left bank of the Lašva, through the Bosna Valley to the N.E., to (20 M.) Janjić, a station on the Bosnian Railway (p. 450). - - Aach-Linz 47. Aal, the 24. Aalen 24. Abaujvár 376. Abbazia 272. 356. Abbach 111. Abensberg 112. Abensfluss, the 112. Aberg, the 308. Ablach, the 47. Abony 365. Abos 377. 387. Abrudbänya 411. Absdorf 315. Absinecz-Klause 372. Abtsdorf 320. Abusina 112. Ach, the 46. 113. Achalm, the 40. Achenlohe 172. Achslach 182. Acs 336. 352. Acsád 357. Ada-Kaleh 364. Adács 375. Adamsthal 321. Adelholzen 171. Adelsberg 272. Adelschlag 117. Adelsheim 62. Adlerstein, the 83. Adlitzgraben, the 265. Adony 358. 359. Adorf 63. Adriatic Sea, 277. 423. 427 etc. Aegydi Hut 393. Aeschach 170. Agendorf 356. Ager, the 256. Aggsbach 254. Aggstein 254. Aggtelek 382. Aglasterhäusen 62. Agnethlen 413. Agostonfalva 414. Szt. Agotha 413. Agram 354. Ahornthal, the 84. Ahrein 121. Ahrnschwang 173. Aich 308. Aichach 113. INDEX, Aichgraben 247. Aichstetten 46. Aigen, château 261. Aign 251. Ailsbach, the 84. Aisch, the 60. Aistaig 34. Aitrach 46. --- Aitrang 168. Aj, Valley of 377. Ajnácskö 381. Akina Szlatina, 371. Alabaster Grotto 393. Alb, the Swabian 36. —, the Rauhe 27. Albertfalva. 359. Alberti-Irsa. 365. Albrechtsberg 247. Alcsuth 352. Aldingen 35. Alexandersbad 82. Alfalter 97 Alfenschwand 173. Algäu, the 168. Algyö 372. Alkenyér 410. Allach 418. Allensbach 47. Allersdorf 112. Alling 111. Allion, the 364. Allmannsdorf 49. Allmendingen 46. Almágy, the 375. Almás 336. 414. Almás Füzitó 352. Almissa 436. Alpirsbach 34. Alpsee, the 469. ..! Alsó-Kéked 377. Alsó-Myslye 377. Alsó-Rákos 414. Alsó-Sajó 382. Alsó-Utsa 443. Alsó-Verecke 389. Alt, the 413. 414. 416. etc. Altbach 26. Alt-Becse 366. 372. Alt-Bunzlau 347. Altdorf 104. Alte Feste, the 60. Altenberg 74. 315. Altenburg 63. —, castle 70. Altenburg, abbey 314. 70. 357. * Altendorf 393. Altenmuhr 116. Altenstadt 29. Alt-Gradiska, 355. Alt-Gutenstein 45. Althegnenberg 118. Altheim 34. 121. 172. Althengstett 14. Alt-Khaja 348. -. Altmannshof 173. Altmühl, the 98. 111, 116 Alt-Ofen 337. 349. Alt-Orsova. 364. Alt-Oetting 172. Alt-Paka, 327. Alt-Rodna 420. Alt-Sandec 377. Altshausen 46. 47. AltSohl 380. Alt-Szöny 336. 352. Alttitschein 330. Altvater, the 329. Alvincz 410. Alwind 170. Alzenau 52. 53. Amberg 173. Amorbach 53. . . Amper, the 118. 121. 167. Ampfing 171. . . Amselfing 174. Amstetten (Austria) 248. — (Swabia) 27. Andelsbach, the 47. Andiesenhofen 256. Andorf 179. St. Andrä, 315. Szt. András 368. S. Amdrea 437. 438. 439. Andreasinsel, the 337. Andrić 443. * Andrievce 373. Angern 324. Anif 262. Anina, 368. - Ankathal, the 97. Annaberg 301. 330. Szt. Anna Lake 416. Annathal 302. Anninger, the 242. Ansbach 115. 22. ' Szt. Antal 380. INDEX. 461 Antivari 4.44. 447. Antonienhöhe 64. 304. S. Antonio, Canale di 429. Anzenkirchen 181. Apa 370. Apácza 414. Apahida. 417. 448. Apatin 360. Apcz-Szántó 379. Apostag 359. Arács 353. Arad 367. 409. Arad Mts., the 309. Arányos, the 411. 418. — Medgyes 370. Arapataka 414. Arbe 427. Arber, the 183. Arbersee, the 183. Arbesau 299. Arcsa. 417. Ardagger 252. Ardealu 406. Argen, the 46. Arnstein 55. Artstetten 247. Arva, castle 386. Arza, Punta d’ 442. Arzberg 98. Asbach 62. Asch 64. Aschach 75. 180. Aschaffenburg 52. Aschbach 248. Aspang 264. Asperg 13. Aspern 333. Assling 170. Asten 248. Aszód 375. , Atá 358. - Attel, provostry 180. Attnang 256. Atzgersdorf 240. Au, castle 182. Aubing 167. Auerbach 62. 63. Augsburg 100. Aujezd 323. - Aulendorf 29. 46. Aurach, the 60. Aurolzmünster 256. Auscha 316. Aussig 295. Austerlitz 323. Auwal 319. Auwinkel 349. Avás, the 370. Avashegy, the 375. Baar, the 35. Baassen 413. Bába, the 386. Babakáj 363. Babenhausen 20. 53. Babinopolje 439. Babócsa. 357. Babója 411. Babylom, the 323. Bachergebirge, the 270. Bachna, the 364. Backnang 21. Bácska, the 359. 373. Baeza iſ). Badacson 353. Badelwand, the 266. Baden (near Vienna) -2/13 Báhony 383. Baierbrunn 167. Baiereck 310. Baiersdorf '71. Baireuth 76. Baja, 359. Bajci 446. Bajfalu 371. Bajm.ok 373. Bakau 403. Bakonyer Waid 352. Bakov 315. 328. Bálanbánya A16. Balaton, the 353. Balázsfalva 411. Balingen 43. Ballenstein 335. Balogfalva. 381. Bamberg 66. Bammenthal 19. Banat, the 366. Banessa A22. Bánffy-Hunyad 374. Bánhida. 352. ' Banicza 410. Banjaluka 457. Banječka, the 458. Bankó 376. - Bánréve 382. Banz, monast. 65. Baradla, 382. Baranyavār Monostor 373. Barcola, 274. 277. Barczika 383. Barcs 357. Barcza 370. Bärenreut 80. Barkó 378. Bärn-Andersdorf 329. Bärnstein, ruin 183. Bärnsteiner Leite 183. |Bartfeld 377. Bartos-Lehotka 381. Baskavoda 436. Bastei, the 294. 391. Báta. 359. Batajnicza 365. Batina, 359. Bátony 379. Batonya 366. Batschendorf 416. Battaszek 354. Bátyu 878. Baulaka, 374. Bäumenheim 100. Bºian Forest, the 178. Bayreuth 76. - Bayrisch-Eisenstein 184. Báziás 363. 368. Bazin 383. Bazna, A13. Bebenhausen 32. Béchowitz 319. Beckstetten 168. Beczkó 384. Beczwa, the 329. Beerfelden 20. Befreiungshalle, the, near Kelheim 141 Béga, the 366, 368. Béga Canal 366. Behringersdorf 96. Behringersmühle 83. Beihingen 15. 22. Beilingries 105. Beimerstetten 27. Békés-Földvár 367. Béla, 393 —, Cavern of 393. —, Castle 372. Bela, the 368. 386. Bélabanya 380. Belanszko 392. Belényes-Ujlak 374. º Höhlenhain 389. — Koschar 393. Belgrade 361. Belincz. 368. Bellenberg 29. Bellus 384. Belsener Chapel, the 41. Bély 378. Bempflingen 31. Bene 375. - - Szt. Benedek 359. A19. Beneschau 325. Benkovac 429. Benne 414. Bensen 315. Beratzhausen 105. Beraun 309 —, the 309. Bereczk 416. Bereg Szt. Miklós 379. Beregszász 379. Beregszó 366. Berg 10. 120. Bergen 171. Berghausen 15. 462 INDEX. Bergrheinfeld 72. Bergtheim 72. Berlad 403. Bernau 171. Berneck '79. Berolzheim 116. Bełkowitz 296. Bertoldsheim 113. Berzava Canal, the 368. Berzencze 357. Berzova 409. Besigheim 16. Beska 365. . Beskid Mts., the 379. 385. Besnyé 375. Beszkid. 379. Besztercze A20. Beszterczebánya, 380. Bethlen Má9. Bethlenfalva 417. Bettlér 382. Betzigau 168. Betzingen 31. Beuren 38. Beurener Fels, the 38. Beuron, monast. 45. Beutelsbach 24. Beuthen 330. 395. Bezania. 355. Bezdān 360. . Biadoliny 400. S. Biagio 444. Biała 405. —, the 400, 404, 405. Bialka, the 393. Biberach 29. Biburg 112. Bibersburg 383. Bicske 352. . Biela, the 295. 297. Bielany 399. Bielitz 405. Bieringen 33. Bierzanow 399. 400. Biessenhofen 168, Bietigheim 13. 21. 16. Bihana. 295. Bihar 374. Bikszád 360. Bilcze-Wolica. 401. Bilin 300. . . * Biliner Stein, the 300. Binau. 19. . . Bindlach 76. 89. Biókovo. Mts. A36. |Birkenfeld 15. Birkensee 119. Birnbach 181. . Birsula: 401. Birthelm 443. Bisamberg, the 255. 349. Bischofsgrün 80. Bischofshaube 183. Bischofsheim 76. Bischofsmais 182. Bisenz 323. Bishop's Baths 374. Bisingen M3. Bistarac Á50. Bistrica, the 456. Bistritz 325, 385. 120. —, the 326. 420. —, the Goldene 372. Bitovnja, the 453. Bittelbronn 34. Bjelašnica, the 453. Bjelo Brdo 456. Blagaj 454. 457. Blanitz, the 314. Blankenberg 64. Blansko 320. Blasendorf 411. Bläsibad 41. Bläsiberg 41. Blau, the 27, 45. Blaubeuern 46. Blaufelden 22. Blaue See, the 393. Blautopf, the 46. Blažuj 453. Bleistadt 302. Blenheim 99. Blindenmarkt 248. Blisowa 310. Blöckenstein, the 178. Biowitz 313 - Blumenau 350. Blumengarten, the (Tátra) 390. Bobara, 442. Bobingen 167. Böblingen 33. Bóbr ka 402. Bocca, Elsa A39. — Grande 442. Bocche di Cattaro 442. Bochnia 400. Bocklet 75. Bocskó 371. — Rahó 371. Bodaik 352. Bodelshausen 44. Bodenbach 294. Bodenlaube 73. 74. Bodenmais 183. Bodensee, see Lake of Constance. . - Bodenwöhr 173. Bodmann. 50. Bodok 416. Bodrog, the 370. 378. Bogát 357 Bogdan 372. Bogenhausen 166. Boglár 353. Bogojevo 373. & Bögöz 447. Bogumilowice 400. Böheimkirchen 247. Bohemian Forest, 184. 310. - Böhlen 63. Böhmisch-Brod 319. -Hörschlag 314. -Kubitzen 310. -Leipa 315. — -Lissa. 317. 325. — -Trübau 320. - Böhmische See, the 392. Bohuslavicz 384. Boicza 413. Bolechow 404. Boll, baths 26. Bonczhida 418. Bondorf 34. Böös 336 Bopfingen 25. BopSer, the 9. Boraja 430. Borak, the 436. Borberek 410. Borgó Pass, the 420. Borklit 420. Borkiät Kvassi 371. Bornheim 51. Borowitz 326. Borrév Pass, the 411. Bors 374. Borsa 872. - —, the 379. Borsabánya, 372. Borschen, the 300. Borst 277. Borszék A16. Bortniki 402. Borutto 273. Borynicze 402. . Borysław 404. |Bosenyó 420. Bösig 315. Bösing 383. Boskowitz, ruin 320. Bosna, the 450. 453. Bosnia 448. Bosnisch - Brod 355, 373. 450 - - the - Botfalu M4. Botitsch, the 324. Botosani 403. Botzdorfer Thal 394. Boxberg 61. Braila A03. Brambach 63. Brandeis 317. 320. Brandeisl 300. Brandholz 80. Brandstatt 180. Branowitz 324. Branyicska 409. INDEX, 463. Buchhaus 81. Buchloe 167. Bucsa. 374. Budapest: Landhaus 344. Leopoldstadt Church 3 Branzaus 318. Brassó 414. Brátka 874. Braunau 172. 320. Bucsecs, the 415. 421. Brazza 436. 437 BucSum 411. * Ludoviceum 843. —, Canale della 436. 437.|Budačrs 352. Lukasbad 348. Bréb 374. - Bregenz 170. Breitenaich 180. Breitenberg 478. Breiten-Güssbach 66. Breitenschützing 256. • Breitenstein 27. 265. Brend, the 76. Brendiorenzen 76. Brenndorf 414. Breno 442. Brenz, the 24. 100. Brenztopf, the 24. IBreslau 330. - Brettach, the 21. Bretten 12. 15. Bretzfeld 21. Březnitz 309. Brieg 330. - Brigachthal, the 35. Brionian Islands 278. Brod, Bosnisch 373. 355. —, Slavonisch 373. Erodek 329. - Brodfeld, the 410. Brody 401, Brönnbach 61. Bronnen, Schloss 45. BrOOS & . Brötzingen 45. Bruch 294. Bruchsal. 12. Bruck on the Amper 167. — On the Leitha, 351. — on the Mur 265. —, abbey 318. Bruckberg 121. Brückenau 75. Brühl, the 241. Brunn 241. Brünn 321. Brunnenthal 179. Brunnersdorf 301. Brunčcz 384. Brüsau 320. Brustura, 372. Brüx 301. Bua 434. Bubenč 282. 292. 296. Buccari 355. Buceu 403. Buch 172. Bucharest 421. Buchberg 179. —, the 247. Büchelberg 23. Buchenau, castle 180. Budapest 337. Academy 340. — of Music 345. Agricultural Museum 343 Alt-0fen 349. Andrassy-Strasse 345. Arena 345. . Arsenal 347. Artesian Well 345. Auwinkel 339. 349. Bastei Promemade 348. Baths 848. 339. |Blocksbad 348. Blocksberg 348. Botanic Garden 343. Bruckbad 348. Calvin-Platz 343. Cemetery 344. Chamber of Commerce 342. Christinenstadt 348. Citadel 348. Clinical Institution 343. cºercial Museum Custom House 343. Drawing School 345. Fººtional Museum 343. - Elevator 343. Elisabeth-Platz 345. Esterhazy Gallery 340. Exchange 342. Exhibition, perman.345. Fairs 346. Fortress 347. Franz-Josephs-Platz 340 Franz-Jo sephs-Quai 342. Franzstadt Church 343. Garrison Church 348. Georgsplatz 347. Greek Church 343. Hauptpfarrkirche 347. Hentzi Monument 347. House of Deputies 344. Industrial Hall 346. mºnºe Company 45. - - Invalid Hospital 345. Raiserbad 348. Rarls-Kaserne 345. Künstlerhaus 345. tºº - Zeichenschule Margarethenbrücke 346 Margarethen-Insel 346. Matthiaskirche 347. National Museum 343. Neugebäude 345. Opera 339. 345. Orczy Garden 339. 243. Palace, Royal 347. Parliament 344. Physiological Institute 344 - - Picture Gallery, Nai. 340. Polytechnic School 344, Post Office 339. 345. Protestant Church 347. Railway Bridge 346. Railway Stations 337. 344, 348 - Raitzenbad 348. Raitzenstadt 848. Rákosfeld 346. Rathbaus, new 343. —, old 343. Redoute - Buildings 342. Reformed Church 343. Schwabenberg 349. Slaughter House 343. Stadt-Pfarrkirche 343. Stadtwäldchen 345. Statue of Archduke JO- seph .345. - — of Deák 342. — of Eótvös 342. — of Petőfi 343. — of Széchenyi 342. Steinbruch 339. Suspension Bridge 346. Synagogues 344. 345. Széchenyi Promemade 5 Technological Institute . 344 - Theatres 339. 3.14. Turkish Chapel 348. vºnary Institute - waitzner Boulevard 345 º wharves 349. Zoological Garden 346. Budapest - Kelenföld 352. Budatelke 420. Budatin 384. Budigsdorf 32 . 464 INDEX. Budislav, the 413. Büdâsberg, the 416. Büdóstó 382. Büd-Szt. Mihály 370. Budua 444. Budweis 314. Buſta 421. Bug 71. Buhajeska, the 372. Bühlerbach, the 22. Puje 278. Bukaczowce 402. Bükk 357. —, the 376. Bukovica. 429. Bukowina, 395. 402. Bükszád 416. Buna 454. Bünaburg 294. Buoch 24. Burgau 118. - Burgbernheim 115. Burgfarnbach 60. . Burggailenreuth 83. 84. Burghalde, the 168. Burgheim 113. Burgholz, the 12. Burgkundstadt 65. Burglengenfeld 119. Burgsinn 55. - Bürgstadt 54. Burgstall 22. —, the 174. Burgstein, the 82. 117. Burgweiler 47. Burlafingen 418. Bursa, the 419. Bursztyn 402. Burzenland, the 414, 416. Buschtiehrad 300. Busi 438. Busovača 453. A59. Buss, the 33. Bussen, the 46. Busteni 424. Busztyaháza 371. Buteanu, the 413. Butschowitz 323. Buxheim 46. Buziás 367. Bystrica, the 402. 404, Gaban, Mte. 434. Cabolja. Planina 454. Cajnica. 455. cºote, Canale di 437. Qalmbach 15. Calositz 346. Calugareni 422. Calw 14. Cameral-Moravice. 355. Camerlenghi, Fort 434. Campina 421. Canali, the 443. Canfanaro 273. Cannosa. 442. Cannstatt 11. 23. 25. St. Canzian 273. Capljina 454. Capo d'Istria 277. Carlsbad 304. Carlstadt 355. |Carober 437. Carolinenfeld 170. Carpathians, the 321. 388. 404 etc. —, the Little 324,350.383. Qarso, see Karst. Caslau 417. Casson 439, 443. \ Castelli, Sette 433. Castelnuovo 443. 433. Castelvecchio 430. 433. Castua, 273. Çatene, Le 443. Catići 450. Cattaro 444. —, Bocche di 442. Çavtat 443. Çehotina, the 456. (eititz 343. Çelikow M56. Čeréan 824. Çerna, the 364. 368. 886. Cernosek 816. Cerovglie 273. Cetate Mare, the 411. — Mike, the 411. Cetina, the 436. Cetinje 446. Chabówka 388. 394. 405. Cham 173. Chamereck 173. Chemnitz 63. Cherso 280. 427. Chiemsee, the 171. Chitilia 421. Chlum 326. Chlumetz 325. 317. Chodau. 302. Chodorow 402. |Chotěbor 347. Chotěschau 810. Chotusitz 317. Chotzen 320. Chrast 847. 309. Chropin 323. Chrudim 347. Chrzanów 395. Chwala. 825. Chwatūrub 296. Chybi 395. Chyrów 400. 404. Cibača 442. Çilli 274. Cimelitz, 309. Cisnedia 442. Cisnidiora 442. Cittanuova, 278. Çittavecchia 438. Čižova 309. Clissa A35. Comama 422. Comarnicu 421. Combur, Canale di 443. Constance 47. Constance, the Lake of 48. 49. 30. 170. Constantinsbad 270. Corgnale 273. Cosel 380. Cracow 396. Crailsheim 22. Creglingen 145. 22. Creussen 97 Crimmitzschau 63. Crivina A21. Crnagora. 444, Croatia. 354. Cronheim 98. Csaba 367. 372. Csácza 385. 405. Csákathurn 270. Csantavér 365. 6. Csap 370. 378. - Csapó-Radnóth 418. Csata. 850. CŞeffa 372. Csejte 384. Cseklesz. 350. Csengöd 364. CŞengölyuk 382. Csepel 359. Cserevitz 360. Cserhalom 420. Cserna, the 385. 409. CŞertés 409. Csetatye Bole, the 410. Csicsö-Keresztur 419. Csik A16. - Csik Szent Domokos 416. Csik Szered a 416. Csobád 376. Csobáncz. 353. Csoma Falva 416. Csomalberg, the 416. Csongrád 364. - Csorba,.386. 391. —, Lake of 391. Csorvás 372. . Csucsa. 374. - Çsucsom Valley 382. ' Čtorstnica. 453. Cubrina, the 891. Culmbach 65. " ;Curzola 438. INDEX. 465. Czakowitz 328. Czarna Ä00. Czarny Staw, the 394. Czegléd 365. 369. Czekend, the 117. Czermely Valley 376. Czerna-Hora, the 402. Czernowitz 402. Czibles, the 372. 419. Cziffer 383. Cziroka, the 378. Czisla, the 372. Dachau 118. pºwer Moos, the 118. 7 . Daila, 278. - Dalimëritz 327. Dálja 360. 373. Dallau 62. Dallwitz 308. Dalmatia 423. Dammbach, the 55. Dános 413. Danube, the 27. J5. 44. 45.99. 105. 179. 345. 358 etc. —, the Little 351. Darány 357. Dárda 373. Dargó Pass 378. Darkau 385. Darlócz 413. Daschitz 320. Dasing 113. Dassnitz 302. Davidsthal 302. Daza, Scoglio 439. Debreczin 369. Deés 419. . . . . Deésakna 449. Deffernik 184. Tegerloch 9. Deggendorf 181. Deggingen 27. Deining 105. Deisslingen 35. Delnice 355. Deménfalva Grotto 386, Demenova. 386. Dembica 400. Demsus 410. Dengeleg 419. Derestye-Hétfalú 420. Dervent 450, Detta, 368. Dettelbach 60. Pºinten (on the Main) — (Swabia) 81. 38, 46. Dettva, 380. Detunata Gola, the 411. Detwang 145. Deutsche Alpe 372. X)eutsch-Altenburg 334. — Bogsän 368 – Brod 317. -- Kralup 301. — Kubitzen 340. — Lugos 368. —— Mokra, 372. Deutschendorf 386. Deutschenthal 271. Déva, A09. Dévény 330. Diebach. 55. Diedorf 118. Dielhau 330. Diepoldsburg, 37. Dieffurt 45. 184. Dietmannsried 29. Dignano 273. Dikenreis 29. * Dill Mts., the 373. Dillingen 100. Dilln 380. Dilsberg 62. Dimbovitza, the 421. Dinara, the 436. 429. Dingolfing 121. Dinkelsbühl 99. Dinkelscherben 118. Dinnyés 353. Dioclea 447. Diósgyör 376. Diószeg 350. Distelhausen 61. Ditro A.16. Ditzenbach 27. Ditzingen 14. Divača 273. Djumbir, the 386, Dniester, the 401. 402.404, Dobel 16. Doberlin 357. Doblač A30. Doboj 450. Dobra. 355. 409. Döbraberg, the 64. Dobrawitz 345. Dobřichowitz 309. Dobrinje 450. Dobritschan 300. Dobromil 400. Dobrota A43. Dobrowlany 404. Dobrunj 456. Dobschau 82. 387. Dohna, 294. Dolina, 404. Dolnj Seher 458. Dolnja Tuzla, 450. Dollnstein 116. - Dombhát 120. Dombori 359. ' . Dombovár 353. 358. BAEDEKER’s S. Germany. 7th Edit. Dombrau 385. Dombiihl 23. 99. S. Domenica 443. Domicza, 382. Domina-Schönlind 301. Dömsöd 364. Domstadtl 329. Donatiberg, the 270. Donaudorf 253. Donaumoos, the 113. Donaustauf 109. Donauwörth 99. Donji A43. Donnersberg, the (Bohe- mia) 299. Doos 61. 72. 83.84. Doppelburg 299. Dorfgütingen 99. Dorfprozelten 54. Dormitor, the 444. 447. 453. 455. Dornbach 246. Dornegg-Feistritz 272. pºem Hoshua Dornstetten 34. Dorosma 365. Dostberg, the 271. Dottenheim 60. Dráce 437. Drachenloch 258. Drachensee 391. Draga, 277. Dragomerfalva, 372. Drahowitz 308. Drasow 323. - Drau or Drave, the 270. 354, 357. 360. 373 &c. Draueck 360. Dráva-Szarvas 373. Drégely 350. - Drei Brüder, the 84. Breieckmarkstein 178. Dreikreuzberg, the 308. Drei Quellen, the 83. Dreisesselberg 178. Dreispitzenberg 75. Drencova. 363. Dresden 293. Drefelj A54. Drežnica. 454, Drina, the 455. 456. Dłis 317. Drniš 430. Drohobicz 404. Duare & Dubička Gora 458. Dublany-Kranzberg 404. I)ubnitz 384. Dubošnica 450. Dubova. 364. Dubovac 455. |Dubravica. 439. 30 466 INDEX. Dubrawitza 362. T}ubrownik 440. Duby 300. Dugaresa. 355. Dumbrára A11. Duna Földvár 359. I) una, Szekcsö 359. Dunavarsány 364. Dunajec , the 393. 394. 400. A05. Dunakesz 350. Dunesdorf 413. Durazzo Aſ4. Durlach 15. Durles ||13. Durlesbach 29. Durlsberg, the 393. Dürnbuch 113. Dürnholz 324. Dürnkrut 324. Dürnstein 254. Dürrbach 418. Dürrenzimmern 98. T)üsselbach 97. Dusslingen 44. Dutzendteich 104. 96. Dux 299. Dziedzitz 395. A05. Ebelsbach 73. Ebenfurt 351. 352. Ebenhausen 73. 76. 167. Ebensfeld 66. Jºberbach 19, 62. Ebergassing 351. Fberhartsberg 72. Ebermannstadt 82. Ebersbach 26. Eberschwang 256. Ebersdorf 253. Ebes 369. Ebesfalva 413. Ebingen 43. Echaz, the 31. Eckartshausen 22. Eckersdorf 78. Ecksberg 184. Eczel 413. Edelfingen 61. Efferding 180. Eger 303. 63. Eger, the 25. 63. 81. 98. 119. 296. 300. 301. Egerbegy 418. Egeres 374. Egervár 357. Egg, château 182. Eggen 168. Eggenberg, château 269. Eggenburg 314. Eggenfelden 481. IEggmiihl 119. Eggolsheim 71, Egloffstein 72. 83. St. Egyden 264. Ehingen 33, 46. Ehningen 34. Ehrenberg 19. Ehrenhausen, castle 269. Eibach 27. Eibenschitz 323. Eibenstock 301. Eichberg, the 247. Eichhofen 105. Eichicht 65. Eicholzheim, 62. Eichstätt 117. Eichwald 299. Eining 142. Einsiedel 328. Einsingen 29. l Eipel, the 350. 375. Eisenbach, the 380. Eisenberg 294. Eisenbrod 327. Eisenbründl 335. Eisenburg 357. Eisenmarkt 409. Eisenstadt 852. Eisenstein 184, 310. Eisenstrass 310. *Thor, Mt.244, 263. 393. Eisgrub 324. Eisgrübel 357. Eislingen 27. 37. Eissee, the 391. Eisthaler Spitze, the 390. Elbe, the 294,320. etc. Elbe-Teimitz 320. |Elbogen 302. Elchingen 25. 118. Elesd 374. Elisabethstadt 413. Elisenthal 184. Ellend 333. Ellingen 146. Ellrichshausen 23. Ellwangen 22. Elm 55. Elópatak 414. Elsawa, the 55. Elsenz, the 19. 62. Elster 63. —, the 63. Eltmann 73. Elz, the 19.62. Emmersdorf 254. Emöd 375. Emskirchen 60, Endersbach 24, Endorf 171. Szt. Endre 350. Engelhardsberg 83. Engelhartszell 179. Engelhaus, ruin 308. Engelmannsreuth 97. Engelmar 182. Engelsberg, monastery 58. Engelsburg 79 Engelszell, monastery 179 Frgen 35. Engstingen 41. Engstlatt 43. Eningen 39. Enns 248. —, the 248. 252. Ennseck, castle 248. Enz, the 13. 14. 15. 16. Enzberg 14. Enzisweiler 170. Enzklösterle 16. Eperjes 377. Epfendorf 34. Epfenbausen 167. Epprechtstein, the 84. 119. Erbach 20. 29. Erbersdorf 329. Ercsény 359. Ercsi 358. Erd 359. Erding 171. Er-Diószeg 374. Erdöd 360. 378. Eremitage, château 78. Ergenzingen 34. Ergoldsbach 119. Erizzo 429. Erked 414. —, the 414. Erkenbrechtsweiler 38. Erlakloster 252. Erlangen 71. Erlau 178. 375. Erlauf 247. —, the 248. 253. Erlenbach 52. Erlendorf 418. Ermellék, the 374. Ermetzhofen 114, -- Er-Mihályfalva 370. 374. Erms, the 31. 38 Ernstkirchen 52. Erpfingen 41. Ersek Ujvár 350. Er-Selind 374. Ersingen 15. Ertingen 46. Erzberg, the 173. Erzsebeștfalva. 364. Erzsebetváros 413. Erzgebirge, the 301. 295. 299. . . - Eschau 55. Eschelbronn 62. Eschelkam 174. Eschenau 21. Eschenbach 116, 97. INDEX. 467. Eschenkogel 242. Essegg 373. 360. Essendorf 29. Essing, Alt and Neu 111. Essingen 24 Essleben 72. Essling 333. Esslingen 26. Eszterháza, 352. Etterzhausen 105. Etwashausen 60. IEtzelwang 173. Eubigheim, 62. Euerdorf 55. Eugendorf 247. JEulau 294. . Eussenheim 55. Eutingen 14. 34. Ewiges Leben 308. Eywanowitz 323. Tajna, 372. . Falgendorf 326. Falkenau. 302. - Falkenstein, ruin near Sigmaringen 45. — (Saxony) 63. —, the Grosse 184. Falls–Gefrees 64. Falucska, 377. Falznerweiher 96. Farkadin 410. Farkasfalva, 380. Fasana 278. Fatra, Hills 385. Faulenbach, the 35. Faurndau 26. Fechenbach 54. Federsee 46. Fegyvernek 373. Fehértemplom 368. Feilberg 168. Feistritz 264. 266. the 272. Fekete-Ardó 371. Feketehegy 387. Fekete-Ugy, the 416. reidbach 369. Feldmoching 121. Feldsberg 324. Feled 381. Félegyháza 365. Felix Baths, the 374. Felixdorf 263. Eelka, 387. 389. — Lake, the 390. — Valley, the 390. Fellbach 23. . Fellheim 29. |Felör 419. Felsö-Bajom 413. Felsöbánya, 371. Felsö-Galla. 352. — Hämor 376. — Remete 378. — Vissó 372. Felvincz M48. Fenyéd 417. Ferdinandshöhe, the 295. Feredö Gyögy 440. Fermezel Valley 370. Feucht 104. Feuchtwangen 99. Feuerbach 14. Feuerbacher Heide 9. Feuerstein, the 390. Fichtelberg, the 301. Fichtelnab, the 97. Fichtenberg 22. Fichtelgebirge, the 79. Filder, the 33. Fils, the 26. 27. Filseck, château 26. Fischa, the 351. Fischach, the 257. Fischament 333. Fischingen 34. Fischsee, the Grosse 393. Fiume 355. Five Lakes, 390. 393 Flochberg, the 25. St. Florian, Abbey 248. Floriansberg, the 31. Floridsdorf 349. 324. Foča, 447. Födömes 350. Fogaras 413. - Fogaras Mts., the 400, Foiba, the 273. Földvár 414. Forbes 314. . . Forchheim 71. 82. Forchtenstein, castle 356. Fornsbach 22. Forró-Encs 376. Förstershöhle, the 84. Fort Opus 487. Förtschendorf 65. Foscani 403. FCŞth 350. Frain 318. Francon. Switzerland 82. Frankenmarkt 257. Frankfort 50. Franzdorf 272. Franzensbad 303. 63. Franzensburg 242. Fºgen-canº 360, 365. the Franzensthal 3/5. Franz-Josephs-Bad 271. -- Karaula, 457. Fratesti 422. Frauenau 183. Frauenberg 314. Frauenwörth, the 171. Freck 413. ~ Freienstein 253. Freiheit 327. Freiheitsau 330. Freihôls 473. Freilassing 171. Freinberg, the 250. Freising 121. Freistadt 344. Freistadt.1 383. Freiung 173. Freiwaldau 330. Fremdingen 99. Freudenberg 54. Freudensee 178. Freudenstadt 34. Freudenthal 329. Freystadt 105. Freyung 178. Friedau. 247. 270. Friedberg 143. 448. Friedburg-Lengau. 172. Friedek-Místek 385. Friedingen 45. - Friedland 328. Friedrichsberg, the 319. Friedrichshafen 30 Friedrichshall 19. Friedrichshütte 405. Friedstein 327 Frigyesfalya, 379. Frischau 323. Frohnleiten 266. Frohsdorf 264. Frommern 43. Frondeck 33. Frontenhausen 181. Fröschmitz-Thal 265. Froschseen, the 391. Fruska-Gora 360. Fuchsstadt 55. Fülek 379. 384. Fülöp-Szállás 364. Fünfkirchen 358. Fünf-Seen-Thal, the 393. 394. Füred 353. Fürholz 178. , Fürstenau 20. Fürstenbrunn 262. Fürstenfeld 167. Fürstenfeldbruck 167. Furth 174, 310. Fürth 60, 72. Futak 360. . Füzes-Abony 375. Fuzine 355. Gabela. A54. 30% 468 INDEX. Gabelbach 148. Gablenzhöhe 327. Gács, 380. . . Gaden 244. Gādheim 73, Gaflenz 248. Gaildorf 22. Gailenkirchen 21. Gailenreuther Höhle 84. Gaimersheim 117. Gaimiihle 20. Gainfarn 263. Gairach 271. Gaisbach 314. ºrs, the 264. 337. Gaishöhe, the 55. Gaje-Wiszne 404. Galambfalva 417. Galántha. 350. 383. Galatz 403. 418. Galesnik, Scoglio 438. Galgócz 383. Galizinberg, the 246. Galt 414. - Gamburg 61. Gamertingen 43. Gaming 248. Gamlitz 269. Gangkofen 184. Gánocz 387. Gänserndorf 324. Gány 383. Garadna 376. Garam-Berzencze 380. — Kövesd 350. Gars 181. 344. Gaschwitz 63. Gasienicowe Lakes 394. Gasseldorf 82. Gastorf 316. Gattern 178. Gäu, the 34. Gavosdia. 368. Gaya. 823. Gedersdorf 255. Gefrees 64, 79. Gefronne See, the 390. Geiersbachthal, the 302. Gºvers 178. 181. 294. 2 Geiersburg, ruin 299. Geinberg 172. Geiselhöring 119. Geisenhausen 121. Geislingen 27. Geislinger Steig, the 27. Geist 414. Geisterwald, the 413. Gelbe See, the 393. Gelse 357. Geltschbad, the 316. Geltschberg, the 316. Gemeinlebarn 247. Gemencz. 359. Gemsenberg, the 335. Gemsen-Seen 391. Gemünden 55. Genderkingen 113. Generalski-Stol 355. Gennach, the 167. St. Georgen (near Brau- nau) 172. — (Franconia) 76. 78. — (Hungary) 335. 383. Georgenau 38. Georgenberg (Bohemia) tº U → — (Tátra) 387. Georgensgmünd 98. Georgswalde 315. t Gera, 63. Gerasdorf 323. Gerendás 372. Gerhausen, castle 45. Gerlachsheim 61. Gerling 251. GerlsdorferSpitze, the391. Gernsbach 34. Germyeszeg 418. Geroldseck 34. Geroldsgrün 64. Geroldshausen 61. Gersberg Alpe, the 261, Gersthofen 100 Gespitzt-Riegel 356. Gessertshausen 118. Geyersberg, the 54. Giengen 25. Giesshūbel 308. | |St. Gilgenberg 78. Gingen 27. S. Giovanni di Medua 447. Girglsee, the 184. Girlsau 413. Giselawarte, the 251. Giuliano 439. Giuppana 437. Giurgevo 422. Gjenović 443. Glaneck 262. Glasenmühle 80. Glashütten 79. Glashüttenriegel 182. Glasinac 457. Glatzen 313. Glauchau 63. Glavat 439. Gleboka-Fulsztyn 404. Gleichenberg, Baths 269. |Gleiwitz 330. Globarica. 450. Gloggnitz 264. Glogovátz 409. Glon, the 118. Gmünd/Bohemia)344,325. Gmünd (Swabia) 24. Göd 350. Göding 328. Gödöllö 375. Gögging 112. Göggingen 47. Gogolin 330. Góla. 357. Gola Planina Añ9. Goldegg 247. Goldmühl 80. - Goldmühlthal, the 80. Goldshöfe 25. 23. Göller, the 319. Göllersdorf 319. Göllnitz 387. —, the 382. 387. Gölniczbánya, 387. Goltsch-Jenikau 317. Göltzschthal, the 63. Golubacz 363. Golubinje 450. Gombaszög 382. Gombos 360. 373. Gomilica. 433. Gomirje 355. Gondelsheim 12. Gonobitz 271. Gönyö 336. Göpfritz 314. Göppingen 26. 37. Gora A50. Goražda 455. Gorica, the 453. Görkau 294. Górki 404. Gorlice 404. Gössenheim 55. Gossmannsdorf 114. . . Gössnitz 63. Gössweinstein 84. Gösting, castle 266. 269. Göstling 248. Gotschakogl, the 265. Gottesgab §61. Gottesthal 253. - Gottes - Zell, monast. 24. 182 104. Gottfrieding 121. St. Gotthardt 269. Gottmadingen 36. - Göttweig, Abbey, 255. Götzenberg, the 412. Götzendorf 351. Govasdia 409. Gözfüresz 387. Grabenstetten 38. Gråblensberg, the 43. Grabowica. 454. Gračanica. 450. Gradaz 436. Gradina Planina 455. Gradistje 363. INDEX. 469 Grafenau 183. Gräfenberg (Bavaria) 72. — (Moravia) 330. Gräfendorf 55. Grafenegg 255. Graſing 170. Grafrath 167. Gramat 351. Gran 336. 350. Gran, the 350. 380. Granatenwand, the 390. Gran-Bresnitz 380. Gran-Nāna 336. 350. Graslitz 302. - Grassemann 80. Grat, the 43. Gratweim 266. Gratz 266. Gratzen 314. Graupen 295. 299. Gravosa. 439. 437. Greben 363. Gredistye 410. Greifendorf 320. Greifenstein, castle 255. 315. Grein 252. Greinburg, château 252. Greiner, the 393. Greiz 63. Griesbach 181. Grieskirchen 179. Grignano 273. Grigoriberg, the 412. Grinzing 244. - Grodek 400. Grödig 258. Grönenbach 29. Grönhard 116. Gronsdorf 111. Gröschelmauth 348. Groschlattengrün 119. Grossaitingen 167. Grossalbershof 173. Gross-Alisch 413. Grossaltdorf 22. Gross-Auheim 51. Gross-Bečvár 319. Gross-Czernosek 296. Gross-Enzersdorf 348. Gross-Gorica. 355. Gross-Heppach 24. Grosshesselohe 167. Grossheubach 53. Gross-Kikinda 366. Gross-Krotzenburg 51. Gross-Lomnitz 392. Gross-Maros 337. 350. Gross-Meseritsch 318. Gross-Priesen 316. Gross-Rauschenbach 381. Gross-Sachsenheim 13. Gross-Sáros 377. Gross-Schenk 413. Gross-Schlagendorf 387. Gross-Schlatten 411. Gross-Seelowitz 324. Gross-Siegharts 314. Gross-Sierning 247. Gross-Skal 327. Gross-Sonntag 270. Gross-Umstadt 20. Grosswardein 374, 372. Grosswasser 329. Gross-Weikersdorf 314. Gross-Wossek 347. Grötzingen 15. Grubberg, the 248. . Grün 310. Grunbach 24. Grünbach , the 61. Grünberg, the 303. —, château 313. Grüne Felsen, the 39. Grünenwörth 54. Grüne See, the 392. 393. Grünlas 302. Grünsfeld 61. Grünstein 79. Grünten, the 168. Grünwald 167. Grussbach 323. 324. Gruž 439. Grybow 404. Gubavica. Mala and Ve- lika A36. Guckhüll 83. Guglöd. 183. Gulin ||29. Gumpoldskirchen 243. Gundelfingen 100. Gundelsdorf 65. Gundelshausen 111. Gundelsheim 19. Gündlkofen 121. Gündringen 14. Gunja-Brčka 373. Güns 357. Gunskirchen 256. Guntersdorf 319. Guntramsdorf 243. Günzburg 118. Gunzenhausen 98. 116. Guraszáda. A09. Gurein 323. Gurten 172. Gutenberg 37. Gutenbrunn 243. Gutenstein 45. 263. 384. Güterstein 39. Guttenberg 19. Guttenhof 351. Guttin, the 371. Gyalár 409. Gyánta. 374. Gyéres 418. Gyergyó, the 416. Gyergyó Alfalu 416. Gyergyó Szent Miklós'ſ 16. Gyertyámos 366. 418. Gyetva. 380. Gyógy, the 410. Gyoma. 367. Gyömbér 386. Gyöngyös 375. Györ. 351. Györ Szt. Iván 352. Gyorok 409. Gyula 372. Gyula Fehérvár 410. Haag 248. Haar 170. - Haberstein, the 82. Habstein 345. Haderfleck 112. Hadersdorf246. 255. 344. Hadersfeld 255. Hadház 370. Hafenlohr 54. 55. Hafnerzell 179. Hagelstadt 119. Hagenbüchach 60. Hagenmühle 96. Hagi 391. Hahnenkamm, the 52. Haidhausen 137. Haidhof 149. Haiding 180. Haidstein 173. Haigerloch 33. Haimbach 246. Hainberg, the 64. Hainburg 334. Hain-Säulen, the 53. Hainstadt 20. Hajó 374. Halas 365. Halics-Tó 380. Halicz 402. Hall (Swabia) 21. — (Austria) 251. Hallstadt 66. Halmaj 376. Halmi. 371. Hals £77. Halterthal, the 246. Hameau 246. Hammelburg 55. Hºern – EisenStrass Hammersdorf 412. Hámor 376. Hamzsabég 359. Han Begov 450. — Bulog 455. 470 INDEX. Han Cadjavica. 458. — Davidov 458. — Kadina, Voda, 458. — Kapić 457. — Karahodzin 455. — Knezevic 458. — Kola 458. — Marica. 450. Pešuric 457. Podgrabom 455. Podromanjom 457. Poljano 455. na Romanji 457. — Sedljačnică A56. — Seljani 457. Hanau 51. Hanna, the 329. Hans Heiling's Rock 302. 308. * * rººmsº Hansjörgl-Berg, the 96. Haraszti 364. Harbatzhofen 169. Harburg 99. Hard, the 97. Hardegg 318. Hardt, the 35. Hargita, the 416. 417. Harkany 358. 370. Harsdorf '76. Hart 256. Harta, 359. Hartenberg 302. Hartenstein 97. 254. Hartmannshof 173. JHaselgraben, the 251. Hasenberg, the 9. 33. Haslach 179. Haspelmoor 118. Haspelwald 247. Hasselbach 76. Hassfurt 73. Hasslach, the 65. Hasslau 64. Hassmersheim. 19. Hátszeg Mts., the 410. — Valley, the 440. Hattingen 35. Hatvan 375. 379. Hatzfeld 366, Hausach 34. /* Hausen (Franconia) 75. — (Swabia) 45. Hausruck, the 256. Hausstein, the 182. 252. Hauzenberg 178. Havran, the 393. Hayenbach, ruin 179. Hechingen 41. Heersberg, the 43. Hºllie Mts., the 370. Heidelberg 62. Heidelsheim 12. Heidenab, the 79.97. 119. 173 Heidendorf 418. 420. Heidenheim 24. Heidenlöcher, the 50. Heidingsfeld 113. 61. Heigenbrücken 54. Heilbronn 17. Heilbrunnen. 31. Heilige Berg, the 309. Heiligenberg 50. 47. 329. Heiligenkreuz, abbey 242. Heilig-Kreuz 381. Heilsbronn. 23. Heimenstein 27. Heimertingen 29. Heinrichsgrün 302. Heinsheim. 19. Heising 29. Héjásfalva 414. 417. Heldenberg, the 345. Heldsdorf 420. Helenen-Schacht 802. Helenenthal, the 243. Helfenstein, castle (Mo- ravia) 32 —, ruin (Swabia) 27. Hellbrunn, château 262. Hellenstein, ruin 25. Hellmitzheim 60. Hellpfau. 172. Helmbrechts 64. Helmstadt 62. Heltau 412. Henczkó 382. Henfenfeld 173. Herbertingen 29. 46. Herblingen 36. Herbrechtingen 25. Hercules-Bad 368. Herczeghalom 352. Hergatz 169. Herlasgrün 63. Hermannskogl, the 245. 246. Hermannskoppe 54. Hermannstadt 411. Hººd, the 370, 367. 377. Herndl 251. Herpelje 273. 277. Herpenalb 16. Herrenberg 34. Herrenchiemsee 171. Herrengrund 380. Herrlingen 45. Herrnbergtheim 114. Herrnskretschen 294. Hersbruck 96. 173. Herzegovina, the 442. Herzogenburg 247. Heslach 9. 33. Hesselberg 98. Hessenthal 21. 22. Hetzbach 20. Hetzelsdorf 413. Hetzendorf 240. Hetzinsel, the 296. Heubach 20. Heuberg, the 35. Heuchelberg, the 13. Heuchelberger Warte 17. Heunensäulen, the 53. Hévíz A14. Hidas-Nemeti 376. Hidin-Majdan 458. Hidwég 414. Hienheim 142. Hietzing 240. JHilm-Kematen 248. Hiltersdorf 473. Himberg 354. Himmelkron 64. Himmelspforte 323. Hinterbrühl 241. Hinter-Haimbach 246. Hinzen Lake, the 391. Hippersdorf 315. . Hirsau 15. Hirschaid 71. Hirschbachthal, the 97. Hirschberg 315. Hirschensprung, the 307. Hirschenstein, the 182. Hirschhorn 62. Hirschlanden 62. Hlinsko 317. Hobbach 55. Hochberg 46. Hochdorf 14. 34. Hochhausen 19. 61. Hochpetsch 301. Höchst 20. - Hochstadt 54. 65. Höchstädt 98. Hochstein 320. Hochwald 386. Hochzoll 143. 118, Hód Mezö Vásárhely 372. Hödnitz 319. Hof (Bavaria) 64. 119. |—, château Höfen 15. Höflein 255. Hohe Bogen, the 174. Hohenasperg 13. Hohenau 179. 324. Hohendorfer Höhe 313. Hohenegg, ruin 247. 274. Hohenel be 327. Hohen-Gundelfingen 100. Hohenheim 12. * Hohenhöfen 35. Hohenkarpfen 35. INDEX, 471 Hohenkrähen 35. Hohenmauth 320. Hohennagold 14. Hohenneuffen 38. 34. Hohenrechberg, ruin 36. Hohen-Salzburg 259. Hohenstadt (Franconia) — (Moravia) 320. Höhenstadt 181. Hohenstaufen, the 37. Hºstein 474. 178. 254. —, ruin 97. Hohenstoffeln 35. Hohentwiel, ruin 36. Hohen-Urach, ruin 39. Hohenwittlingen 38. Hohenzollern, castle 42. Hohe Wacht, the 83. Hohe Warte, the 54, Hohe Wostrey, the 295. Höhgau, the 35. Hohlohthurm, the 16. Hoierberg, the 170. EIOiren 170. Holenbrunn 82. 119. Holländer Dörfel 246. Holledau 112. Höllenbach, the 184. Hollenburg 255. Höllenstein, the 241. Höllenthal, the 64. 264. Holoubkau 309. Holtschitz-Seestädtl 301. Holumbu, the 410. Holzkirchen 170. Holzleithen 256. Hombok 329. Homburg, ruin 55. Homonna 378. Homoród 414. 417. Homoród Almas 414. Honau 40 Honburg, ruin 35. Honigberg 416. 420. Hopfenbach, the 112. Hoppingen 99. Horatitz 300. Horaždovic 313. Horb 34. 33. Hörbering 181. Horgos 372. HoHitz 326. Horn 314. Hornberg, castle 19. Horomislitz 309. Hokowitz 309. Hörsching 256. Hörstein 53. Hösbach 54. Hosskirch 47. Hosszú-Rét, the 378. Hosszúaszó 414. Hostiwai, 324. Hostiwitz 300. Hötzelsdorf 314. Hotzendorf 385. Houbirch, the 473. Houschka 3.17. Hoverla, the 372. Hradek 386. —, the 296. Hradisch 320. Hradisko Pass 386. Hrastnigg 271. Hricsó 384. Hrobetz 296. St. Hubert 366. Hucisko 405. Hühnerkobel, the 183. Hülben 38. Hullein 328. Hum, the 438. 454. Hummerstein 83. Humfalvy Hut 390. — Scharte 391. Hunsdorf 392. Hº! , the 241. |Hussinetz 3 Huszla, the 379. Huszt 371. Hütelberg, the 334. Hütteldorf 246. Idria 272. Igersheim 22. Iglau 317. - Iglawa, the 317. 323. Igling 167. Igló 387. Igman, the 453. Igrane 436. Ihlawka, 325. St. Ilgen 12. Ilidže 453, Illava. 384. Iller, the 27. 29. 168. etc. Illereichen 29. Illertissen 29. Illingen 13. Illok 360. Illyefalva 416. Ilm, the 113, 118. Ilosva, the 419. Ilz, the 177. 178. Imecsfalva 446. Immendingen 35. Immenreuth 97. Immenstadt 168. Immau 33. Szt. Imre 411. India, 365. Ineu, the 420. Ingolstadt 117. Inn, the 172. 175. 180.etc. Inningen 167. Intra-Prahova 421. Inzigkofen 44. Ipf, the 25. 98. Iphofen 60. Ipoly, the 350: 379. Ipolység 350. Ipsheim, 60. Iron Gates, the 364. irrenlohe 149, 173. Irrsee, monastery 168. Isar, the 121. 166. 181. etc. Isareck 121. Isaszegh 375. Isen, the 181. Isenburg, castle, 51. Iser, the 315. 327. Iserthal 327. Isny 46. - Isola (near Trieste) 277. Isperbach, the 253. Ispringen 15. Szt. Istvan 377. Itterbach, the 20. Szt. Iván 357. 386. Ivanjska 457. Ivan Karaula 453. Ivankova, 373. Ivan Planina 453. Ivan Polje 457. Iwonic 404. Iza, the 371. 372. Izla's 363. Jablanicza 368. 454. Jablunka Pass 385. Jablunkau. 385. St. Jacob am Thurn 261. |Jacobeni 372. Jacobsthal 54. Jader, the 434. 435. Jägermayr, the 250. Jägerndorf 330. Jägersburg, the 71. Jagod, ruin 456. Jagst, the 19, 22. 62. Jagstfeld 19. Jagstheim 22. Jagst/ell 22. Jajce 458. Jaklan 439. Jam 368. Janjići 450. 459. Szt. Jänos 352. Jánoshegy 381. Jánosi 381. Janowitz 310. 313. Jarmeritz 318. Jaroměř 326. Jaroslau 400. Jaska 355. |Immenstadter Horn 168. |Jasło 404. 472 INDEX. Jassenova. 368. Jassenovac 355. Jassy 403. Jász-Apáti 873. Jászberény 375. Jaszczurówka, 394. Jászó 377. Jauerling, the 254. Javorina 393. - — Siroka, the 393. Javornik, the 381. Jawiszowice 395. Jechnitz 310. 323. Jedlesee 319. Jedlicze 404. Jegenye 374. Jeleśnia 405. Jené 300. Jensowitz 296. Jerina Gradina 456. Jerusalemsinsel, the (Prague) 296. Jeschken, the 328. Jeszenió 378. Jetëtic 314. Jettenbach 181. Jettingen 118. Jezero 439. 458. Jezupol. 402. Jičin 317. 326. Jinetz - Cenkau. 309. Joachimsthal 301. St. Jobst 96. Jochenstein, the 179. St. Johann 39. Johannisbad 327. Jokö 384. - Jordanbad 29. Jordanberg 316. Jordanów 405. Jošavka, the 443. Josefsdorf 245. Josefiberg, the 271. Josefihiitte 313. Josefslust 47. Josefstadt 326. Josica. 443. Jossa, 55. 76. Josza 378. Jószafö 377. w Jószef-Gösfüresz 381, Judenau. 247. Judendorf 266. Julian Alps, the 272. Jungbunzlau 345. 328. Jungfernsprung, the 269. Jurdani 272. Jurgov 394. Raaden 301. Kaăl-Kápolna 367. 374. 375. 379. Kaba 369. Kabola Polyana 371. Kacza 414. Kager 174. Kahl 51. Kahlenberg, the 244, 315. Kahlenbergerdorf 245. 256. 315. Kahlgrund 52. Kailbach 20. Kainach, the 269. Kaining 178. Kaiseringen 44. Kakanj-Doboj 450. Kalán 409. Kålberau 52. Kalderma A30. Kalenderberg, the 241. Kalk-Podol 320. Kalocsa. 359. 364. Kalsdorf 269. Kaltbach, the 442. Kaltenberg 52. Kaltenbrunn 16. Kaltenleutgeben 241. Kaltenstein 351. Kalte Rinne, the 265. Kałusz 404. Kalwarya, 385. 405. Kamaik. 316. Kambelovac. 433. Kamenitz 360. Kamionka 405. Kämmehen, the 390. Kammerbühl, the 303. Kampthal, the 255. Kandrzin 330. 395. Kanitz 323. Kanizsa. 353. 357. Rapa, the 452. Kapella Mts. 355. Kapellen 269. Kapellenberg, the 415. Kapfenberg 265. Kapfenburg 25. |Kapnikbānya 371. Kapps-Höhle, the 85. Kapsdorf 387. Karácsonyfalva 411. Karáksond 375. Karánsebes 368. Karaula Jabuka 456. — Gora A59. Karbitz 295. Karches 80. Karczag 374. Karfunkel Thurm 393. Karlowitz 361. 365. Karlsbad (near Mergent- heim) 61. — (Bohemia.) 304. Karlsbrunn 329. Karlsburg 55. — (Transylvania) 410. Karlshöhle, the 41. Karlstadt 55. 355. Karlstein, Schloss 309. Karoline Saddle 455. Karpfham 181. Karsić, the 430. Karst, the 273. 355. Karthaus 321. Karwin 385. Kasan, defile of 363. Kaschau 376. Raschitz 310. Kassa. 376. Kastenreith 248. |Kászon 416. — Ujfalu 416. Katamara, the 372. St. Katharimabad 325. Kattowitz 313. 330. Kattuni 430. 436. Katzenbuckel, the 19. Katzendorf 414. Kaufbeuren 168. Kaufering 167. - Kaulige Hubel, the 391. Kavarān-Szakul 368. Kecskekö, the 411. Kecskemét 365. Kefermarkt 314. Keilberg, the 301.302 308. Kekes, the 375. Kelebia, 365. Relenföld 352. 353. 358. Kelheim 111. Kellberg 178. Kellenberg 45. Kellmünz 29. Kematen 251. Kemmelbach 248. - Remnath-Neustadt 79. Kempten 168. Kende 377. Kentelka 420. Kentheim 14. 16. Kenyérmezö 410. Kerbchen, the 391. Szt. Kerest 381. Kereszteny falva 415. Keresztes Nyārád 369. Keresztur 383. Kerka, the 429. 430. Kerlés 420. - Kernmühle 178. Kerö 419. Kerstac 446. Kerz 413. Kesmark 392. Kesmark Koschar, the 393 Kºker Tränke 389. Keszthely 353. Ketégyháza 366. 367. INDEX. 473 Keudi Lona 419. Kézdi Vásárhely 416. Kienberg-Gaming 248. Kiensberg, the 386. Kieritzsch 63. Kierling 245. Kiew 401. Kigyós 367. Kilchberg 33. Kindberg 265. Kinsberg, castle 303. Kinzig, the 84. 51. Királyháza 371. 379. Király-kö, the 415. Király-Lehota 886. Királytelek 370. Kirchahorn 79. Kirchberg (Murrthal) 22. — (on the Wagram) 255. — (on the Wechsel) 264. Rirchdorf 251. Kirchdrauf 387. Rirchehrnbach 82. Kirchenbirkig 85. Kirchenlaibach 79. 97. Kirchenlamitz 81. 149. Kirchen tellinsfurt 31. Kirchheim 12. 16. 61. — unter Teck 37. Kirchschlag 251. Kirchseedn 170. Kirchstetten .247. Kirnachthal, the 62. Kirschbaumer, Schloss. the 179. Kis-Bér 352. Kis-Disznád 412. Kis-Hegyes 365. Kishenev 403. Kis-Kapus 411. Kis-Köre 379. Kis-Körös 364. Kis-Ladna 387. Kislau 12. - Ris-Majtény 370. . Kis-Marton 352. Kis-Olaszi 386. Kis-Sarmás 420. Kis-Sebes 374. Kissingen 73. Risslegg 46. Kis-Szállás 365. Kistanje 429. Kištelek 365. Ris-Terenne 375. 379. Kºszalº 367. 373. Kisucza, the 385. Kisucza-Neustadtl 385. Kiszács 365. Kitzingen 60. Rlabawa, 309. Kladno 300. Kladrub 320. Klafferstrass 178. Klaj 400. Klam, chât. 252. 265. Klardorf 119. Klattau 340. 313. Klauenstein, the 182. Klaus-Steyrling 251. Klause, the 241. Klausenburg 417. Klautzenbach 183. Klederling 351. Klein-Aubeina 20. Kleinblankenbach 52. Klein-Heimanitz 325. Kleinhesselohe 166. , Kleinheubach 53. Klein-Hohenheim 12. Klein-Kahn 294. Klein-Köpisch 411. 413. Kleinmünchen 249. Rlein-Pöchlarn 253. Klein-Reifling 248. Kleinskal 327. - Klein-Steinheim 51. Klein-Stübing 266. Klein-Umstadt 20. Kleinwallstadt 53. Klein-Wolkersdorf 264. Kleinzell 337. Klek, the 355. Klemenshall 19. Klesheim 171. Klingenberg 53. Klingenbrunn 183. Klingenstein 45. Klingenthal 302. Kliš 35. Ključ 458. Klosterberg, the 177. 52. Klostergrab 299. Klösterle 301. Kºerneuburs 245. 255. 1. Klumpermühle 85. Kniebis, the 34. Knin 430. Knittlingen 13. Köbánya 375. Kobenzl 244. Kobila, Punta 442. Köbölkut 350. Kochendorf 19. Kocher, the 19. 21. 22. 24. etc. Kocsárd 418. Köcsur 414. Köfering 119. Köhalom 414, |Kohlbach Valley, the 390 Kojeein 323. Kojetitz 318. 328. Kokel, the 411. 413. 417. etc. Kolbersbach, the 184. Kolin 347. 319. Kollbachthal, the 182. Kollenberg 54. Kolleschowitz 300. Kollmitzberg, the 252. Kolomea, 402. Kolozs-Kara 417. Kolozs Monoštor 417. Kolozsvár 447. Komárváros 353. Komburg, abbey 21. Komisa 438. Komorau 330. - Komorn 336. 352. Komotau 300. Köngen 30. König 20. König Otto's Höhe 308 Königgrätz 326. Königinhof 326. Königsbach 45. —, the 414. - Königsberg 73. 383. 387. Kºners - Mariakulm 2 Königsbronn 24. Königsbrunnen, the 24. Königsegg 47. Königsfeld 323. 372. Königshain 326. Königshofen 64. Königshütte 330. 395. Königsstein, the 415. Königstein (Saxony) 294. Königswald 294. Königswart 311. Königswarth 181. Konjica. 453. Konop 409. Konstanzer Ach, the 168. Kopa Magóry, the 394. Kopa Pass, the 393. Kopainberg, the 327. Kopaszberg, the 416. Köpecz 414. - Kopreinitz 354. Koprova-Spitze, the 391. Koritnicza 386. Körmöczbánya 381. Kornberg, the 64. Korneuburg 255, 319. Kornia. 368. Kornthal 14. Kornwestheim 14. Körös 354. —, the 372. 374. Körösmezö 371. Korszów 402. Körtvélyes 336. :Košava, the 453. 474 INDEX. Kościelec-Spitze, the 394. Kościuszkoberg, the 399. Kosderbach, the 414. Kosovo 430. Kösseine, the 82. 97. Kostajnica. 457. Kostel 324. Rosten 294. 299. Köstendorf–Neumarkt 257 Kostomlat 317. Köszeg 857. Koszieliszko Valley, the 394 Rosztolány 384. Kot 374. *. Kötegyán 372. Kothmaissling 473. Kotlina Valley 393. Kotnow 325. Kotorsko 450. Kotouc 330. Kottori 270. Kotur 444. Kovanje 457. Kövar 419. Kövesd 350. Kozara Saddle 455. Kozárvar 419. Kozi Kamen 386. . Koziak, the 433. 430. Kozma, 378. Közrész, the 446. Krähberg, the 20. Kraiburg 181. Kraichgau, the 13. Krainerhiitte, the 243. Krajowa 369. Krakau 396. Krakusberg, the 399. Kralitz 318. Kraljevecz 270. Kralohof 318. Kralova. Hola, 383. 387. Rralován 386 Kralup 296. 300. Kramichberg 264. Kranichsfeld 270. Krapfenwald] 244. . . Krapina-Teplitz 270. Krasna 385 Krasne 404. Erassova. 368. - Kraszna, the 370. Kraszna-Horka 382. Krásznó 385. Kratzau. 328. Krauchenwies 47. Krausenbach 55. Krechowice 404. Kreenried 47. Kreibitz-Neudörfl 315. Kłemešnik 825. Kremnitz 381. Krempelstein, castle 179. Krems 254. Kremsier 328. Kremsmünster 251. Kremsthal, the 251. 254. Kłenowitz 323. Kressebrunnem 393. Kressnitz 271. Kreuz 354. Kreuzberg, the 75. Kreuzen 252. Kreuzenort 330. Kreuzenstein 255. Kreuzhūbel, the 390. Kreuzlingen 49. Kreuzwertheim 54. Krešluk, the 459. Kriegern 310. Krieger-Walhalla 315. Krieglach 265. Kriegsdorf 329. Krima-Neudorf 301. Kritzendorf 315. Krivačko Zdrjelo 446. Krivádia 410. Kriván, the 391. 892. Krivány 380. Krivošie 443. Križanje 453. Ernin Planina, 150. Kromau 323. Krompach 387. Kronach 65. Kronstadt 414. Kronprinz-Rudolf-Grotto 273. Kronwinkel 121. Króscienko 404. Krosno 404. Krottensee 97. Kručevic 454. Krumau 314. - Krummnussbaum 248. 253 Krupa 300. Krynica. 377. Krzecszowice 395. Kubin 362. ' Kubitzen 340. Kuchalb, the 27. Kuchelbad 309. Kuckikom 444. 447. Kugelberg, the 38. Kuhhornberg, the 420. Kühlenfels 85. Kukovica. 457. Kukus 326. Kula, 365. Kulaszne 378. Kulm 294. 299. Rulmbach 65. Kümling 35i. Kulpa, the 355. 457. Kundratitz 316. Kunětitz 320. 325. Kún Szt. Mārton 373. Kán Szt. Miklós 359.364, Kunowitz 323. 328. Kupfer 21. |Kupferberg 301. Kuppenburg 83. Küps 65. Kurtea de Argis A43. Kurtics 867. Kuttenberg 317. Kuttenplan 313. Kuttenthal 328. Kutvölgy 372. Kwassitz 328. Laa, 323. 324. Laase 271. Laber 105. —, the 105. 144. 119. Labin 430. Laborcz, the 378. Lachovice 405. Lackenhäuser 178. Lackenhof 248. Lacroma. 441. Laczháza 364. Ladámos 411. Ladány 369. Ladendorf 323. Lagosta 439. Laibach 272. —, the 271. Laibacher Moos, the 272 Laisberg, the 271. Laiz 44. Lam 184. Lamacs 350. Lambach 256. Lana 300. Lancut 400. Tandau 181. Landestrost, castle 118. Landsberg 167. Landshag 180. Landshut 119. —, Burg 120. Landskron (Bohemia) 320 — castle (near Bruck) Q66 —, - (Transylvania) 413. Langenau 25. Langenauer Thal, the 64. Langenbach 121. Langenbruck 173. 328. Langenbrücken 12. Langenbrunnen 45. Langenfeld 60. Langenisarhofen 175. INDEX. 475 Langenlebarn 315. Langenprozelten 55. Langenschemmern. 29. Langensee, the 390. Langenthal 411. Langentheilen 97. Langenzenn 60. Langenwang 265. Iangenzersdorf 319. Lange Thal, the 83. Langlau 98. Langstadt 20. Langweid 400. Lanschütz. 350. Lanzendorf 351. Lapad 441. - Lápos, the 419. Laskafālva. 373. Lassing 248. Lašva, the 459. Szt. Ilaszló 420. Lászlóvár 363. Szt. Laszlóvára 418. Latorca, the 379. Lauchheim 25. Lauda, 61. Laudenbach 22. 53. 55. Lauenstein 65. Lauer, the 76. Lauf 96. 172. Laufach 54. Laufamholz 172. Laufen an der Eyach 43. Lauffen 17 Lauingen 100. Laun 301. - Laupheim. 29. Lauter 171. Lautereck 22. Lautlingen 43. Lautschburg 386. Haawoczne 379. Laxenburg, château 242. Lébény-Szt. Miklós 351. Ilebring 269. Lech, the 100. 113. 167. &c. Lechfeld, the 167. Lednicz 384. Legenye-Mihályi 378. 404. Legrád 354. 357. Lehesten 65. Lehrberg 115. Leibnitz 269. Leinleiter Thal 83. Leipheim 148 Leipnik 329. Leitha, the 351. 356. Leitha Mts., the 263. 351. Leitmeritz 316. Lekencze 420. Lekenik 355. Szt. Lelek A16. Leles Z 378. Lemberg 400. Lemes 377. Lemhény 416. - Lenninger Thal, the 37. Leobersdorf 263. Leobschütz 330. Leonberg 14. Léopol, see Lemberg. Leopoldsberg, the 244. Leopoldskron, château Leopoldstadt 383. Lepatene 443. Lepenica, the 453. Lepsény 353. Lesece 273. Lesina 437. Leska, the 319. Less 372. Lestina 317. Lettowitz 320. Leutershausen 23. Leutkirch 46. Leutschau 887. Libeschitz 316. Liboch 316. Libotz, 300. Lib$itz 296. Lič 355. Ličanka, the 355. Lichtenau 54. Lichteneck, ruin 174. Lichtenegg 265. Lichtenfels 65. Lichtenstein, château 40. Lichtenstern 20 Lichtenwald 271. Liebau 326. Lieben 319. Liebenau 328. Liebenstein 16. 304. Liebenzell 15. Liebstadtl 327. Lieb werda 328. Liechtenstein, Lierheim 99. Liesing 240. Ligne, Mont de 298. Likava 386. Likër 381. Lilienstein, the 294, Lilijowe Pass, the 394. Lim, the A56. Limanova 405. Limberg 314. Lindau 469. Lindendorf 379. Lindenhart 97. Lindenhof, the 169. Lindkogel, the Hohe 244. Linsenberg, the 35. Linz, 249 Lipa. 326. ruin 241. Lipotvára. 383. Lippa 409. Liptó-Szt. Miklós 386. Liptó-Rozsahegy 386. Liptó-Ujvár 886. Lischan 300. Lisičić 454, Lisko-Lukawica. 404. Lissa, 438 Lissawa. 368. Litawa-Thal, the 309. Littai 271. - Littau. 320. Ljetowa 385. Lobau, the 333. Lobenstein 330. Lobositz 295. Lochenstein, the 43. Lochhausen 118. Löchle, the 80. Ilochowitz, 309. Löcse, 387. Lócz-Bresztovány 383. Lohberg 484. Lobb of 121. Lohr 54. Loiching 121. Loitsch 272. Lökeshāza 367. Lokve 355. Lomnitz 325. Lomnitzer Spitze, the 390. 392. Lonka, 371. Lonsee 27. Lónyabânya 380. Loosdorf 247. Loosen 330. Loquitz, the 65. Lorch (Swabia) 24. Loré 359. Lorenzjoch 391. S. Lorenzo 277. Szt. Lörincz 357. 365. Lörinczi 379. Losoncz 380. Lossburg 34. Lovćen, the 444, 445. 446. Lövő 357. - - Lovrana 272. Löwen 330. Löwenstein 20. 384. Lubereck 253. Lübnitzthal, the 64. 79. Lubochna 386. - Luca di Giuppana 437. Lucsivna 386. - Ludas 375. Ludwigsburg 13. Ludwigs-Canal, 72. 98. 111. Ludwigshall 19. Ludwigshöhe, the 8. the 66. 476 INDEX. Ludwigshöhle, the 84. Ludwigsquelle 376. Ludwigsstadt 65. Ludwigsstein, the 183. Ludwigsthal 183. 184. Ludwigsthurm 52. 53. Lugos 368. Luhatschowitz 323. Luhe 419. Luhi 372. Luisenburg, the 82. Lukawetz 320. Lukšic 433. - Lundenburg 324, 328. Lunz 248 - Lupkow 378. Lupoglava. 273. Lupsa, 441. Luschnitz, the 314. 325. Lusen, the 179. 483. Lussin 427. — Grande 427. — Piccolo 427. Lustnau. 31. Luttenberg 270. Hauzan 402. Lužna-Lischan 300. Machendorf 328. Macska-Mezö 419. Mád 370. - Mädchenburg 335. St. Magdalena, 251. Mägdeberg 35. Maggiore, Monte 272. Maglaj 450. Magóra, the 394. Magura, the Zipser 393. Magyar-Boly 373. — Gorbó 374. — Gyepes 374. — Lápos 419. — Nádas 374. — 0vár 351. Mährisch-Budwitz. 318. — Friedland 330. — Neudorf 328. — Ostrau 330. — Schönberg 320. Maihingen 99. z Main, the 51.53. 54.65. 73. Main, the Rothe 65. 76. 97. etc. - —, the Weisse 65. 80. Mainau; island of 49. Mainberg 73. Mainbernheim, 60. Mainkur 51. Mainleus 65. Mainroth 65. Maisach 118. Maissau 314. Majdan 368. Majláth-Hütte, the 391. Majur 457. Makarska, 436. 437. Makó 366. Maków A05. Malajesd 410. Malbuč Brdo 458. Malfi 439. Aſ2. Málmás 416. Malomviz A10. Mamming 181. Mamula, Fort 442. Mangolding 174. Mangoldstein, fortress 99. Mannhartsberg, the 314. Manning 256. Máramaros Sziget 371. Marasesti 403. Marbach (Baden) 35. — (Austria) 248. 253. — (Wurtemberg) 22. Marburg 270. March, the 323. 324, 328. 349. &c. Marchegg 349. Marchfeld, the 239. 323, 324, 349. Marchtrenk 256. Marcinkowice 405. S. Marco, monast. 439.441. Marczeg 384. Maréfalva 417. Marein 265. Margita 374. Margitfalu 387. S. Maria dei Paludi 433. — dello Scarpello 443. Mariabrunn 246. Maria Einsiedel 352. Maria fried 361. - Maria-Grün 278. Mariahilfberg, the 105. 173. Maria-Kulm 302. Marian, Mte. 431. 433. Maria-Plain 262. Maria-Radma 409. Mariaschein 294. 295. Maria-Strassengel 266. Maria-Taferl 253. Mariathal 335. Maria-Theresiopel 365. 372. Maria-Trost 269. Marienbad 311. Marienberg, fortress (Würzburg) 59. —, the (Algäu). 168. Marienburg 414, 420. Marienthal 335. Marilla. 368. Markelfingen 47. Markelsheim 22. Markersdorf 247. Marksdorf 387. Markt 400. Markt-Bibart 60. Marktbreit 114. Markt-Einersheim 60. Markt-Eisenstein 184.310. Marktgölitz 65. Marktheidenfeld 54. Marktl 172. Marktleuthen 119. Marktoffingen 99. Markt-Redwitz 97. 119. — Rohitsch 270. — Schelken 411. — Schorgast 64. — Tüffer 271. Marktl 172. Marktzeuln 65. Maros, the 365. 366. 409. 411. 418. etc. Maros-Illye 409. — Ludas 448. 420. — Porto 410. — Szlatina 409. – Ujvár 418. — Vásárhely 418. Marquartstein 171. Marsbach, castle 179. Marstetten 46. St. Martin 256. Martinlamitz 119. Martinsberg, abbey 351. Márton-Väsár 353. Marxgrün 64. Marz 356. Massing 181. Mastig 326. Matavun 273. Mátészalka 370. Matlarenau 389. - Mº Mts., the 350, 375. {attersdorf 356. Mattighofen 172. Mattsee 257. Matuglie 272. Matzdorf 392. Maubach 21. Mauer (on the Neckar) 19. . — (near Vienna) • Mauerbach, monast. 246. Mauerkirchen 172. Maulach 22. Maulbronn 12. St. Maurus 45. Mautern 254. Mauth 309. Mauthhausen 252. 314. Maximilianshöhle 97. Maximilianshiitte 119. Meckenbeuern 30. Meckesheim. 19. 62. INDEX. 477 Medias 413. Medyka 400. Medves Hills 379. Meerauge, the 391. 893. Meeraugen-Spitze 391. Meersburg 49. Mehadia. 368. Mehadika 368. —, the 368. Mehburg 414. Mehltheuer 64. Meidling 240. Meiningen 76. Meitingen 100. Meja 355. Meleda 439. Meljina A43. Melk 247. 253. —, the 247. Méllrichstadt 76. Melnik 296. 316. Melsicz 384. Memmingen. 29. 167. Mengen 47. - Mengsdorf, Valley of 391. Mengsdorfer Spitze 391. Menningen 47. Menterschwaige 167. Merczidorf 368. Merény 387. Mergelstetten 25. Mergentheim. 64. Mering 118 Merisor 410. Merkan 442. Merkenstein 263. Mertingen 100. Mespelbrunn 55. Messkirch 47. Metković 437. 454. Metten 182. Mettersdorf 420. Metzingen. 31. Mezö Berény 367. — Hegyes 366. — Keresztes 374. — Kövesdºğ75. — Laborcz 378. — Telegd 374. — Tur 367. Mezzo 437. 439. —, Canale di 427. St. Michael 254. * the 69. Michelaubrück 55. Michelbach 52. |Michelfeld 97. - Michelhausen 247. Michelob 300. Michelsberg 412. Michelsberg, the (on the Neckar) 16. 19. Michelstadt 20. Michldorf 251. Mies (Silberstadt) 313. —, the 319. 313. Mihailović Planina 456. Szt. Mihály 357. Szt. Mihalykö 411. Mikeszásza 441. Szt. Miklós 351. Mikola 371. Mikula 419. Milanovatz 363. Mileschauer, the 299. Milin 309. Militärgrenze, the 360. Militics 373. Miljačka, the 451. A53. Miljević (53. Milna M37. Milostin-Kuonowa 300. Miltenberg 53. Mindel, the 118. Mindelheim 167. |Minneburg 19. Minning 172. Miramar, chât. 277. Miriszló 418. Mirowitz 390. Mirskofen 119. Miskolcz 375. Mislitz 323. Mistelbach 323. Mistelgau 79. - Mitrowitz 355. 365. Mittag, the 168. Mittelgebirge, the Bohe- mian . Mittelsinn 55. Mitten £70. Mitterdorf 265. Mitterteich 64. Mixnitz 266. Mlinica Valley, the 391. Mljet 439. Mnichowitz 324. Mochenwangen 29. Möckmühl 19. 62. Modern 383. Mödishofen 118. |Mödling 241. Modřan 324. Mögeldorf 172. Mögglingen 24. Moha. 352. Mohács 359. Mohelka, the 328. Möhringen 35. 12. Moiszin 372. Mokošica. 441. § * (near Hersbruck) Mokrin 366. Mokro 457. Mokropetz 309. - Moldau, the 296. 283. 309. 316. &c. Moldova. 363. Mollwitz 330. Molnári 357. Mömbris 52. Mönchsberg, the 260. Mönchsdorf 418. Mondfeld 54. Monor 365. Montenegro 444. Močr 352. Moosbachthal, the 80. Moosburg 121. Moosham 174. Mooshausen 46. . Morava, see March. Morawa, the 362. Morawan 320. Moritzberg, the 172. Mºses, Canale della Morlesau 55. Morske Oko 378. Morszyn 404. Morzg 258. Mosbach 62. Moschganzen 270. Mosciska 400. Mosony 351. Mosor, the 435. 436. Mössingen 41. Mösskirch 47. Mostar 454. Mostau-Nebanitz 302. Möttingen 99. Mszana A00. — Dolna 405. Mückenthūrmchen 299. Müdesheim 55. Mügeln 294. Muggendorf 83. Muggia 277. Müglitz 320. Mühlacker 13. Mühlbach 98. 414. Mühlberg, the 44. Mühldorf 172, 181. Mühlen 33. - Mühlfraun 319. Mühlhausen (Swabia) 35. — (Franconia) 55. — (Bohemia) 296. 314. Mühlheim 45. 51. Mühlingen 47. - Mühllacken, Bad 180. Mula 443. 444. Mümling, the 20. Mümling-Grumbach 20. Münchberg 64. Münchengrätz 327. 478 INDEX. Münchhof 302. Münchshöfen 174. |Münchsminster 113. Munderfing 172. 1Munderkingen 46. Munich 121. Academy of Art 133. — of Science 163. Alºeiligenoºrche Alte Hof, the 134. — Residenz, the 128. Anatomy Building 164. Antiquarium 156. Arcades 134. Archives 133. Aºzanº erg, Palace Arsenals 161. 165. Art-Industrial Institu- tion 164. — School 157. Art Union 130. Auer Kirche 165. Basilica. 161. Baths £24. Bavaria 165. Blind Asylum 133. Botanic Garden 161. Brienner-Strasse 137. Bronze Foundry 161. Cabinet of Coins 163. — of Drawings 152. — of Engravings 152. — of Vases 152. Cattle Market 164. Cemeteries 165. 166. cº Houses, Royal Collection of Fossils 163. — of Minerals 163. — of Phys. and Opt. Instruments 463. —, Zoological 163. Corn Hall 164. Court Chapel 130. Crystal Palace 161. English Chapel125. 131. English Garden 166. Biºgraph. Museum |Exhibitions of Art 125. — of Exports 163. Exhibition Building 459 Feldherrnhalle 131. Festsaalbau 129. Fischbrunnen 162. Frauenkirche 162. Gasteigſ’romenades137. Giesing Church 165. Glass-Painting 126. Glyptothek 157. Munich : Government Buildings 134. Gynaeological Institute Haidhausen 137. Hall of Fame 165. Herzog-Max-Burg 164. Hofbräuhaus 122. 134. Hofgarten 131. Holy Ghost, Church of the 164, Hospital, General 164. Isar Bridge 165. Isar Gate 465. St. John 137. Karlsthor 163. Kaulbach-Musenm 126. Königsbau 130. Kunstgewerbehaus 164. Landtagsgebäude 164. Library 132. Ludwigsbrücke 465. Ludwigskirche 133. Ludwigsstrasse 131. * Collection 4. Mariahilfkirche 165. Marien-Platz 162. Market, Victual 464. Marstall 431. Mary, Column of 162. Maternity Hospital 164. St. Matthew 164. Maximilianeum 136. Maximiliansstrasse 134. Max-Josephs-Platz 128. Max-Joseph-School 133. St. Michael's Church £63 Military Museum 161. Mint, the 134 * of PlasterCasts 131. National Museum 134. Nat. Hist. Collection 163. Nibelungen Frescoes 130 Nymphenburg 166. Obelisk 137. Observatory 166. Odeon 131. Palace, Royal 128. — of Prince Regent Luit- pold 132. — of Duke Max 132. Panoramas 157.164. 165. Pathological Institute 164, St. Peter’s Church 162. Pinº New 153. % * Munich : Polytechnic School 157. Porcelain Paintings 153. Post Office 134. 124. Priests' Seminary 133. Promenaden-Platz 163. Propylaea. 159. Protest. Church 165. RailwayStationſ 21.125. Rathbaus, New 162. —, Old 162. Reiche Capelle 129. Reichenbach Bridge165. Residenz, Alte 128. Ruhmeshalle 165. Schack’s Collection 159. Schwanthaler Museum. 464 Sendlinger-Strasse 164. Siegesthor 133. Slaughter House 164. Statue of Deroy 134. of Fraunhofer 134. of Gärtner 165. Of Gluck 163. of Goethe 164. of Klenze 165. of Kreitmayr 163. § King Max Joseph 8 — King Maximilian II. 36. — of Elector Maxim. I. 4. - — of Elector Max Em- anuel 163. — of Lewis I. 131. — of Liebig 164. — of Orlando di Lasso 163 – of Rumford 134. — of Schelling 134. — of Schiller 137. — of Westenrieder 163. Synagogue 164. Thal, the 164. Theatine Church 134. Theatres 125. 130. 165. Treasury 129. University 133. War Office 132. Wittelsbach Palace 137. Munkács 378. - Münnerstadt 76. Mur, the Murány 381. * Reresztúr 270. 354. 5 -- 265. 357. etc. Mürau 320. Murgihal, the 34. Mur-Insel, the 270. Murr, the 22. Murrhardt 22. INDEX. 479 Mürz, the 265. Mürzzuschlag 265. Muszyna 377. Mylau 63. Nab, the 97. 105. 119. Nabburg 119. Nabresina, 273. Nachod 326. Nádas, the 374. Nadasd 382. Nad Kotlinou 394. Nadskok Lake 391. Nagold 14. Nagold, the 14. Nagy Allás 364. — Banya 370. — Bélicz 350. — Bittse 384. — CZeng 357. Disznád 442. Enyed 418. Galambfalva 417. Géres 378. Ida, 418. Igmánd, 852. Iklód A19. Kalló 370. Károly 370. Kikinda 366. — Szálancz 378. Szálok 389. Szeben 444. Szöllös 379. Szólás 413. Szombat 383. Tapolcsány 350. ----- Várád 374 Namiest 348. Nannhofen 118. Napagedl 328. Narenta, the 437. 453. 454 Nasenbach, the 180, Naszód 420. Natternberg, the 474, 181. Nebelhöhle, the 40. Nebringen 34. Neckar, the 10. 16. 34.34. 2, etc. Neckarburken 62. Neckarelz 49, 62. Neckargemünd 19, 62. Neckargerach 62. 19. Neckarhausen 34. 62. Neckarsteinach 62. Neckarsulm 18. Neckarthailfingen 34. Neckarzimmern. 19. Nedetz 385. Negoi, the 413. Neidenstein 45. 62. Neidingen 45. Neidstein 173. Neisse 330. —, the 328. Nellenburg 47. Nellmersbach 21. Német-Boly 358. Nemila A50. Nemdza 330. Nemzingen 47. Nepolokoutz 402. Nepomuk 843. Neratowitz 328. Nersingen 118. Neschwitz 316. Nesmühl 336. Nestersitz 295. Nettingsdorf 251. Netzschkau 63. Neu-Aigen 345. Neu-Arad 367. Neubău 173. Neuberg 62. 64. Neubruck 247. Neuburg 113. —, abbey 62. Neudeck, ruin 83. Neudek 302. Neudenau 19. 62. Neudorf 55. 323. 349. 387. Neudörfel 295. 356. Neuenbürg 15. Neuenmarkt 65. 76. Neuenreuth 97. Neuenstein 21. Neuerm 340. Neu-Essing 111. Neufahrn 119. 421. Neufeld 352. Neufelden 254. Neuffen 88. Neufra, 35. Neu-Hamburg 327. Neuhaus, castle (on the Danube) 180. — (Bavaria) 97. — (Bohemia) 825. — (Baths) 76. 271. Neuhäusel 348, 350. Neuhausen. 36. Neuhof 313. Neuhofen 251. Neuhütte 183. Neu-Kelheim 111. Neukirchen 174. 256. Neulengbach, 247. Neu-Lublau 877. Neumark 63. - Neumarkt (Austria) [72. 479. 257. — (Hungary) 388. 394. — (on the Rott) 181. — (on the Sulz) 104. — (Transylvania) 418. Neu-Moldova:363. Neundorf 63. . Neunkirchén 264. Neunmühlen 318. Neu-Oetting 172. Neu-Offingen 418. 100. Neu-Orsova. 364. Neu-Pest 837. 351. Neu-Reichenau 178. Neuroblau 302. Neu-Sandec 377. 405. Neusattel 302. 310. Neusatz 360. 365. Neu-Schmiecks 389. Neusiedl 324. Neusiedler-See 357. Neusohl 380. Neusorg 97. Neustadt an der Aisch 60. —- 8,I\}. Main g — (Franconia) 76. — (in the Odenwald) 20. — an der Donati 113. — (near Stuttgart) 24. — (Transylvania) 415. — an der Waldnab 119. —, Wiener 263. Neustadtl 315. Neustädtle 21. Neustraschitz 300. Neu-Szöny 336. 352. Neutitschein 329. Neutra 350. Neutra Mts. 350. 384. Neu-Ulm 28. 118. Neu-Waldegg 246. Neu-Zagórz 404. 378. Nezamislitz 323. 829. Nezvēstitz 309. 313. Nickelsdorf 351. S. Nicolai (on the Dan- ube) 253. Niederbiegen 29. Niedergrund 294. 345. Niederlauer 76. Niedernau 33. - Niederranna 179. Nieder-Sonthofer See 168. Niederstetten 22. Nieder-Stotzingen 25. Niefern 14 - Niemes 315. Nikolsburg 324. 480 INDEX. Nikšić 447. Nimburg 317. Njeguš Āš6. Nollendorf 294. 300. Nonnberg, monastery 260. —, the 177. TNordendorf 100. Nordheim 17. Nördlingen 98. Nösner Land 420. Noth, the 248. Novi. 427. 457. Novoselo 450, Novosielce 102. Novoszello 360. Novyhrad 321. Nufringen 34. Nuremberg 85. sºciaius ,Church of Archives 91. Behaim’s House 89. Breweries 96. Bridges 88. . . Bronze-Foundry 92. Burg Cemeteries 92. Deutsche Haus, the 93. Dürer's House 91. — Statue 91. |Exhibitions. 86. Fortifications 87. Frauenkirche 89. Frauenthor 88. Gänsemännchen 89. Germanic Museum 94. Gewerbe-Museum 89. Grübel Fountain 89. Gymnasium 93. Heiligkreuz-Kapelle 92. Holzschuher Chapel 93. Industrial Museum 89. St. Jakob's Church 93. Roberger’s House 93. Rrafft's House 93. Krafft's Stations 92. Landauer Monastery.93. Law Courts 91. sºwense, church Library 92. Manufactories 95. St. Maurice 91. Maxfeld 96. Mºnchmon's Statue St. Moritzkapelle 91. Nassauer Haus 89. Nat. Hist. Museum 94. Palm's House 91. Paumgårtner's House Peier's House 93, |Nussdorf 256. 244. 315. 414 Nuremberg: Pirkheimer’s House 89. Private Houses 93. 94. Tail. Station 88. Rathhaus 90. Rosenau 96. Rotermund's Collection Sachs’s House 89. — Statue 89. School of Art 93. St. Sebaldus 90. Schöne Brunnen 89. Shops 86. Spitalkirche 89. Spittler Thor, the 93. Stadtpark 96. Stadtwage 91. Synagogue 89. Theatre 86. 89. Tºrmer Thor, the Towers 88. Tugendbrunnen 88. Vischer's House 89. War Monument 89. Nºmbers Switzerland Nürschan 310. Nürtingen 31. 38. Nusshard, the 81. Nussbausen 142. Nyalabvár 371. Nyarádtö 418. Nyék 353. Nyék-Ládháza, 375. Nyeresmicze 371. Nyeviczke 378, Nyirbator 370. Nyiregyháza, 370. Nyitra 350. Nymphenburg .166. 118. Nyujiód 416. Nyustya, 381. Nyzankowice 400. Obšina 277. Oberau 144. Ober-Breitenau 183. Ober-Cerekve 325. Obercilli 271. Oberdachstetten 115. Oberdorf 168. Ober-Eichstädt 147. Ober-Frauenau 183. Obergeorgenthal 294. Ober-Gerspitz 323. Obergrund 294. 345. Obergünzburg 168. Oberhaid '73, Oberhausen 40. 100. 148. Oberhohenberg, the 43. Oberhollabrunn 319. Oberholzheim. 29. Ober-Kirchberg 29. Oberkochen 24. Oberkotzau 64. 119. Oberlaibach 272. Oberland 248. Ober-Langemstadt 65. Oberleitensdorf 294. Oberlenningen 37. Obermarchthal 46. Obermeisling 254. Obermichl 180. Obernau 53. Obernberg 172. Obernburg 53. Oberndorf 34. £14. Oberndorf - Schweinfurt 72. Obernitz 300. 301. Obernzell 178. 179. Oberrad 51. Oberreitnau 169. Oberschmeien 44. Ober-Sedlitz 295. Oberstaufen 169. Oberstimm 118. Ober St. Veit 246. Ober-Theres 73. Obertraubling 119. 174. Obertürkheim 25. Oberwappenöst 97. Oberwerrn 73. Oberwiesenthal 301. Ober-Wildon 269. Oberzell (near Friedrichs- hafen) 30. - — (on the Main) 55. Ober-Zwieselau (183. Obod 443. Obrawa, the 318. Obrenovac. 355. Obrowitz 323. Ochenbruck 104. Ochsenburg:247. Ochsenfurt 114. Ochsenkopf, the 80. Ochsenwang 27. Odenwald, the 19. Oder, the 329. Oderberg 330. 385. Odessa 402. 403. Oedenburg 357. Oede Thal, the 320. Oedwies 182. Oehringen 21. Oelsnitz 63. Oelsnitz, the 79. Qethlingen 37. Oetscher, the 248. Oberhaus, fort 177. Oetting. Alt and Neu 172 INDEX. 481 Oettingen 98. Ofen 346. Offenau 15. Offenbach 51. Offingen 118. Qgulin 355. Ó Gradina 364. Ohebach, the 182. Ohlau 330. - Ohrn, the 21. Okola, the 372. Okrischko 318. Okroulitz 317. Ojtosz Pass, the 416. Oláhfalu 417. Oláh-Lapos 419. Oláh-Szt. György 420. Oláh-Ujfalu 418. Olching 148. Olenyova. 379. Olgahöhle, the 41. Olipa, 439. Olmütz 329. Olsa, the 385. Olsawa, the 323. Olszanica. 404. Oltá, the 413. Omarska 457. Ombla, the 489. A41. 442. Omiš 436. Ompoly Valley, the 441. Onga, 376. Opatowitz 325. Opor, the 430. Oppa, the 330. Oppahof-Stettin 330. Oppeln 330. Oppen.au 34. Oppenweiler 22. Opressa, the 371. Orahovac 443. Oravitza, 368. Orczidorf 368. Ordas 359. Orebič A29. Orjen, the 444, 446. Tló 377. Oroshāza 372. Oroszfalu 416. Oroszlámos 366. Oroszlánkö 384. Orsera, 278. Orsova. 364. 369. Oruglo Vrh 458. Osielec 405. º, abbey 294. 299. Osser, the 184. Ossero, the 427. Osterburg 247. Osterburken 19. 62. Osterhofen 175. Ostermiinchen 170. Osterva, the 391. Ostra Kratka 891. Ostrach 47. Ostro, Punta d’ 442. Ostrok 447. Ostrova. 362. Ostrožac 454. St. Oswald 179. 183. Oswiedim 395. Ottendorf 22. Ottensheim 180. 251. Qttensoos 173. Ottevény 351. St. Ottilia, 252. Ottobeuren 29. Ottynia. 402. Otzing 181. Outinowes 324. Ovár 385. Owen 37. Paar, the 113. Pacsa. 357. Pago 427. Paks 359. - Pałónka 360. 362. Pale 455. Palenica. 393. Pálfalva, 379. Palics 372. Palota, 350. Paluda A33. Pancsova 362. Pappenheim 116. Parád Csewicze 379. Parajd 417. Pardubitz 320. 825. Parenzo 278. Pärishāza, 386. Párkány 336. Parksteinhütten 79. Parndorf 354. Parsberg 105. Parsch 264. Parschnitz 326. Partenstein 54. Pascani 403. Pasing 118. 167. Passarowitz 362. Passau 175. Pászika, 379. Pásztó 379. Patria, the 391. Paulis 409. Paulova. 379. Pavlova, 392. Pavlovac 455. Payerbagh 264. Peček'349. Pecka, 327. Pécs 358, BAEDEKER's S. Germany. 7th Edit. Oswaldshöhle, the 83. Pazúa, Ó and Uj 365. Pécska, 366. Peczel 875. Peggau 266. Pegnitz, 97. —, the 60.88.96.97. 172. Peiperz 295. . Pek, the 363. Pekuj, the 379. Pellegrino, Capo 437 Pelsöcz 382. Penzing 240. 246. Perach 172. . Perbenyik 378. Perbete 350. Perchtoldsdorf 241, Perjámos 366. Perković-Slivno 430. Pernegg 266. Persány 413. Persenbeug, castle 253 Perzagno 443. 444. Pest, see Budapest. | |St. Peter (on the Danube) 248 — (Karst) 272. Petersburg 310. Petershausen 118. Petershöhle, the 45. Peterwardein 360. 365. Petrau 323. Petronell 334. Petrosény 410. Petroszán .441. Petrowitz 320. 395. Pettau 270. . Pettini, the 442. Pfaffenhofen 118. Pfaffenstein, the 83. Pfahl, the 182. Pfahlrain, the 112. Pfalzau, the 247. Pfannberg, château 266. Pfarrkirchen 181. Pfinz, the 15. Pflaumloch 25. Pforzen 168. Pforzheim 14. Pfreimt 119. Pfullendorf 47. Pfullingen 40. Pfünz, 117. Phantasie, château 78. Philippsruhe, château 51. Piargi, the 394. Piatra Capri, the 441. Piatra, Mare 420. Pielach, the 247. 254. Pieninen, the 393. S. Pietro di Brazza A36 Pietrosz, the 372. Pilgram 325. Pilis 365, Pilkau 299. 34 482 INDEX. Pilsen 309. 313. Pilsenetz 313. Pilsting 121. 181. Pinguente 273. Pinya, the 379. Pirano 277. Pirk 63. IPirkenhammer 307. Pirna, 294, Pisek 309. 328. Pišely 324. Pisino 273. Piski 403. Pistyán 384. - Piszke 336. - Piteşti 369. 413. Pitten 264 Plan 325. Plan-Tachau 343. Pianka, Capo 430. Plase 355. Plassenburg, the 65. Plasz 310. - Plat 443. Platnersberg, Schloss 96. Platte, the 268. Plattensee, the 853. Plattling 175. 181. Plauen 63. Pleinfeld 98. 116. Pleinting 175. Plevlje 455. Pliva, the 458. 459. Plochingen 26. 30. 37. Ploesti 421. 403. Ploszko 379. Plüderhausen 24. Poarta, 415. Pöchlarn 253. 247. Počitelj 454. Pocking 481. Podbaba. 296. Pod Bansko 392. 394. Poděbrad 317. Podersam 310. Podgorica. 447. Podgorje 273. Podgórze 385. 399. A06. Podhorce. the 401. Podhorn, the 313. Podléze 400. Podol 320. 327. Podspadi 394. . Poduplaski Valley 392. Podwoloczyska 401. Poglej Brdo 455. Pohl 329. Poik, the 272. Poisan 433. - Pojakusa Brdo 458. Pola. 278. Polau Mts., the 324. IPOlena 379. Polep 316. Poleschowitz 328. Politz 315. Poljica, the 436. Polna, 34;. Polnische Kamm, 390. 394. Polonina Runa 378. Polstrau. 270. St. Pölten 247. 263. Pöltschach 270. Poludniza, the 386. Polyáma. Izwora 371. Pommelsbrunn 173. Pömmerle 295. - Pomo, Scoglio 437. 438. |Ponholz 119. - Ponte Secco 434. Popova. 383. Poppenhausen 73. Popp Ivan 372. Popper, the 386. the | Popper-See, the 391. Poprād 386. 389. —, the 386. Poronin 394. Połičan 319. Porta. Orientalis 368. Porto Palazzo A39. Porumbák 413. Poscharewatz 362. Pösing 473. Posruck, the 270. Possitz 349 Pössnitz 270. Postbauer 104. Postelberg 300. Pöstlingberg, the 251. Post redni 389. Pöstyen 384. Potscherad 300. Pottenbrunn 247. Pottendorf 351. Pottenstein 85. Pottschach 264. Pötzscha, 294. Poysdorf 323. Poz Való 382. Prača 455. 457. Prag, the 14. Prägarten 313. Pragerhof 270. Pragstein 252. Prague 284. Academy of Art 287. AltneuSchule 287. Altstadt 283. Annunciation', Church of 288. Art-Industrial School 287 Barracks 292. Baths 282. Prague: - Baumgarten 282. 292. Belvedere 292. Belvedere Promenades 282. 287. 293. Bethlehems-Platz 285. Bohemian Glass 282. Bohemian Museum 287 Botanic Garden 293. Burg 290. Capuchin Monastery 292. Carlsbrücke 285. Carlshof Church 288. Carlsplatz 288. Carolinenthal. 299. Carolinum 285. Cathedral 290. Charles IV., Statue of 284 v Children's Hospital 288 Civil Courts 283. Clam Gallas Palace 284 - Collegium Clementi- num. 284. Custom House 283. SS. Cyril and Metho- dius, Church of 299. Czernin Palace 292. Pºg and Dumb Asylum 88. District Court 289. Emaus, Church of 288. - - Exhibitions 282. Francis I., Monum. of 285 - Franzensquai 285. Franz-Josephs-Brücke 87. Fräuleinstift 291. Fürstenberg Palace 89. Garnet Wares 282. Gartenbau-Gesellschaft 288. sº George, Church of — —, Statue of 290. Governor’s House 289. Graben 287. Grosse Ring 283. . Hasenburg 282. Hospitals 288. Hradschin 290. Huss' House 285. Jews' Quarter 287. Jewish Burial Ground 287. Josefstadt 287. INDEX. 483 Prague : - Jungmann's Monument 288 - Kaiser-Franz-Brücke 285 Karlsbrücke 285. Karlshof Church 288. Karlsplatz 288. Karolinenthal 299. Kettensteg 286. Kinsky Palace 284. —, Villa 293. Kleinseite 289. Königshof 283, Kreuzherren - Kirche 284. - - Kronprinz-Rudolf An- lagen 287. Laureta-Platz 292. Lobkowitz Palace 292. St. Loretto Chapel 292. Lunatic Asylum 288. IMaria de Victoria, 290. St. Maria Schnee 288. Marienkirche 288. Mariensäule 283. 290. Military Hospital 288. Nºtek. Museum National Museum 287. St. Nepomuc, Statue of 5 Neustadt 287. St. Nicholas 289. Nostitz Palace 289. Palace, Imperial 290. rºy-Brücke 285. Picture Gallery 286. Police Office 288. Polytechnicum 288. Provincial Diet 289. Public Park 288. Pulverthurm, the 283. Bººks Monument Railway-stations 281. 283. 289 Rathhaus 284. — of the Neustadt 288. Reichsthor. 292, Rudolfinum 286. Rudolfs-Quay 286. Sandthor 292. - Savings Bank 288, Schlik Palace 288. Schlossstiege 292. Schützen-Insel 282. Smichow 293. Sofien-Insel 282. Stadtpark 288. Stern 293. Strahow, abbey 292. Prague: - Technical School. 288. Teynkirche 283. Theatres 282. 288. St. Thomas’s Church 289. . University 284. |Ursuline Church and Convent 288. Volksgarten 293. Waldstein's Palace 289. sº Wenzel’s Church Wenzels-Platz 287. White Hill 293. Wyšehrad 288. Zeltnergasse 283. Ziskaberg 296. Prahova, the 421. Drakendorf 387. Pram-Haag 172. Pramthal, the 179. Praskowitz 295. Predeal #21. - Predigtstuhl, the 182. Predjal 415. Pred mér 384. Předmäßitz 326. Predni-Handel 391. 392. Pregartem 314 Přelouc 320. Premstätten, castle 269. Prerau 328. 323. Presbaum 247. Preschen 301. Pressath 79. - - Pressburg 334. 350, 383. Pressnitz 301 Prestitz 310. Prestranek 272. Preszaka 411. Prefsfeld 82. Pribilina, 394. Přibislau 317. Priboj 456. Płibram 309. Prien 171. Priepolje 456. Priesen 300. . Priessnitzthal, the 241. Priglevitza Szt. Iván 373. Primorje, the 436. 444. Primthal, the 35. Prinzersdorf 247. Priszlop, the 372. Płivor 316. 328. Prjedor 457. Probstzella 65. |Prokljan 429. Promina, the 430. Promontor 353. 359. Prosecco 273. |Prossnitz 320. 323. Protivin 309. 314. Pruchna, 395. Prüfening 405. 140. Prunn 112. Pruskau 384. Pruth, the 402. Przemysl 400. Przeworsk 400. Ptaszkówa, 404. Puchheim 256. Püchl 265. Puchó-P'ocskocz 384. Puchstein 308. - Púj A10. Pulkau 344. Pullach 167. Püllna. 301. Pulsnitz, the 315. Punkwa-Thal, the 320. Puntadura, 427. Puntigam 269. Pürbach-Schrem's 314. Purgstall 247. - Purkersdorf 247. Püspök-Ladany 369. 374. Pustomty 401. Puszta Páka, 365. Puszta Péteri 365. Duszta Pó 367. Pusztapole 381. 383. Putim 309. Putmok 383. Püttlach, the 85. Quakenschloss, the 83. Quarnero, gulf of 280.856. 427. - - Quarnerolo, the 427. Quieto 273 Raab 351. - —, the 269. 351. 357. Rabeneck, castle 84. Rabenecker Thal, the 84. Rabenstein, castle (Fran- conia) 84. . . . — (Bavar. Forest) 183. — (on the Altmühl) 112. — (on the Mur) 266. —, cavern 84. Rabka 405. Rachel, the 183. Rachelsee, the 183. Radbusa, the 310. faiein 363. Radersdorf 143. Radkasdia, 368. Radkersburg 269. Radlberg 247. Radldorf 174. Radna 409. Radnitz 309. {Radolfzell 47. . 34 + 484 INDEX, Radonitz. 310. Radofin 309. Radymno 400. Radzim, the 382. Radziwilow 401. Ragusa 439. - Vecchia 443. Raigern 323. Rain 413. Rainerkogel, the 268. Raistenberg, the 324. Raitersaich 23. Raitz 320, & Rajecz-Teplicz 385. RakamaZ 370, Takek 2.72. Rakitovic 273. Rakodohegy 447. Rakonitz 300. Rákó-Pribócz 381. Rákos 373. 375. Rama 362. 454. Rammingen 25. Ranariedl 179. Randeck 27, 112. Ranjen Karaula 455. Ránk-Herlein 377. Rann 274. Ranna. 97. Rapotitz 318. Rappenau 19. - Raschenberg, ruin 171. Raşdelnaja, 402. Raškagora 454. Raspenau 328. Rathen 294. Ratibor 330. Ratiborer-Hammer 330. |Ratisbon 10 Ratzersdorf 883. Rauberhof 27. Raudnitz 296. Rauhe Alb, the 27. 46. * Kulm, the 78. Rauheneck, ruin 243. Rauhenstein, ruin .243. Raupen-Seen, the 394. Rauschik 391. Rausnitz 323. Ravensburg 30. Raxalp, the 264. Ražice 313. Rechberg, the 36. Rechensöldenfelsen 183. Rechtenbach 55. Rechtenstein 46. Rećkowitz 323. Redl-Zipf 257. Rednitz, the 23. 60, 98. Redwitz 65. - Regelsbrunn 833. Regen 182. - Regen, the 105. 119. 173. 182. 183. Regensburg, see Ratis- bOn. Regenstauf 119. Regnitz, the 60. 66. 72. Rehau 64. Rehdórfel 315. Reichelsdorf 98. Reichenau 47. 264. 328. Rºhenbach (Saxony) – wurtemberg) 16, 26. Rºhenberg (Bavaria) — (Bohemia) 828. — (Wurtemberg) 22. Reichenburg 271. Reichenhall 171. Reichenhard 313. Reichenschwand 96. Reichertshausen 118. Reichertshofen 118. Reicholzheim 61. Reichstadt 815. Reisensburg, castle 118. Reistenhausen 54. Reitzenhain 301. Reka Caverns 273. Rékás 368. Rekawinkel 247. Remete 368. Rems, the 21. 24. Remsthal, the 21. 24. René 300. Renningen 14. Rentwertshausen 76. Reps 414. Reschenstein, ruin 178. Resicza 368. Rétfalu 356. Retjezat, the 410. Rette‘g 419. Retz 319. Retzbach 55. Reussen 442. Reussenstein 27. Reut 82. Reuth 64. 119. Reutlingen 31. Rév 37 ñewmitz 309. Rezat, the Franconian 23. 98. 145. —, the Swabian 98. Rhine, the 36. 48. —, Falls of the 36. Rhön Mts., the 75. Rhônicz 380. Ričan 324. Ried 172. 256. Riedau 179. Riedenburg 112. Riedlingen 46. Riegersburg, castle 269. Rieka, 355. Ries 177. - Ries, the 99. 25. Riesenburg, ruin (Bohe- mia) 299. 301. 310. --, the (Franconia) 83. Rietenau 22. Rietheim 35. Riglasreuth 97. Rima, the 384. Rimaszécs 381. Rimaszombat 381. Rimnik 413. Rineck 55. Ripberg, the 296. Risano 443. Risstissen 29. Ritschenhausen 76. |Rizmanje 277. Rjeka 447. Rockenbrunn 172. Rodach, the 65. Rodenbach 54. Roding 173. Rodna 372. 420. |Rogatica. 457. Rogolje 458, Rogózno 400. Rohitsch 270, Rohr 251. Rohrbach 181. 324, 356. Rohrbrunn 54. Rohrenfeld 413. Röhrmoos 118. Roigheim 62. Rójahida 419. Rokitzan 309. Roks 393. Roman 403. Romanja Planina 457. Römerbad 274. Römerschanze, the 360. Römerstadt 329. Rónapolyana 371. Rónaszék 371. - Rondini, Scoglio 442. Ropa, the 404, Ropczyce 400. Rosberitz 326. Roschnau 329. Rosenau (Hungary) 382. — (on the Ybbs) 248. — (Transylvania) 415. — Valley, the 445. Rosenbach 115. - Rosenberg62. 65.173,268. 386. 419 Rosenburg 112. 299. 314. Rosenheim 170 Rosenmüller's Höhle 83. INDEX. Rosenstein, château (near Stuttgart) 10. —, the (near Aalen) 24. Rosenthal-Graupen 294 Röslau 81. 97. 119. Rossatz 254. Rossbach 64. - *gºers, the Dettinger S Rossitz 318. Rossstall 23. Roth 90. Roth am See 22. 115. Rothau 802. Rothe Kloster, the 393. Röthenbach (near Nurem- berg) 172. — (near Lindau) 169. — (Swabia) 15. 16. Rothenberg, the (near Cannstatt) 25. Rothenburg ob der Tau- ber 114. . . — on the Pegnitz 96. Rothenfels 54. Rothenhaus 301. Rothenkirchen 65. Rothenstadt 119. Rothenthurm Pass 413. Rothe See, the 393. Roththal, the 22. Rott, 180. Rottenacker 46. Rottenburg 33. Rottendorf 7.2. 60, Rottenegg 251. Rottenstein 334. Rottershausen 76. Rottweil 35. Rotunda, the 371. Rovigno. 278. Rožato 441. Rozia, 413. Rozsaly, the 371. Rozsnyó 382. Roztok 296. Roztoka Valley 392. 398. Rozzo 273. Ruck, castle 45. Rückersdorf 96. Rudelsdorf 320. Ruderatshofen 168. Rudig 310. Rudine 457. Rudolfshöhe 247. Rudolphstein, the 81. Rudowa, the 396. Ruhmannsfelden 182. Ruma 365. - Rumburg 345. Rumia, Vrch 447. Rumpenheim 51. Runding 173. |Sajó Rupprechstegen 97. Rupprechtstein 173. Rusel, the 181. Rusin 300. Russ 409. Rüssenbach 82. Rustshuk 422. Ruszt 352. Rutschenhof 39. Ruttek, or Ruttka 381. 385. Rzava, the 456. Rzeszów 400. Saal 114. Saalach, the 171. Saale, the 64, 81. — the Franconian 55, 74. etc. Saaleck 55. Saalfeld 65. Saaz 300. Sabbioncello 436. 487,439. Sachsen 23. Sachsenfeld 359. Sachsenhausen 54. Sachsenstein 381. Sadagora A02. Sadek 348. Sadowa 326. Sadowa-Wisznia 400. Ságh 368. Sagor 271. Saidschitz 301. Saitz 324. . the 376. 382. 383. Åſ).730. Sajó-Magyarós 420, Sajó-Szt. Peter 383. Salaberg, castle 248. Salem 50. Salloch 272. Salgó-Tarján 879. Salomonsfelsen, the 415. Salona 434. 430. Salvatore, Mte. 430. Salvore 278. Salzach, the 171. 258. Salzburg (Austria) 257. — (Transylvania) 411. —, ruin 76. Salzgau, the 13. Samac 373. Sambor 404. Samos-Ujfalu 879. Sámson 372. San, the 400. 404, Sana, the 457. 458. Sandau 340. 315. Sandbach 175. Sandsee, castle 98. Sann, the 271. Sannihal Alps, the 271. Sanok 404. Sánsego 427. Sapiane 272. Sarājevo 450. Sárbogard 858. Sárengrád 360, Sarkad 372. Sárkány 413. Sarling 253. Sarmasag 370. Sarmingstein 253. Sáromberke 448. Saskö 381. - Satkau-Teschnitz 300. Sátoralja-Ujhely 378.370. Sátorhegy, the 378. Sattelbachthal, the 242. Sattelbogen, the 38. Satteldorf 22. Sau, see Save. Saubach, the 300. sºrum (near Bilin) — (Hungary) 356. — Rohitsch 270. Sauldorf 47. Saulgau 46. Saulohrn 179. Sausal Mts. 269. Sausbach, the 178. Säusenstein 253. 248. Sava 271. Save, the 274, 355. 361. 365. 373. Savina. 443. Saxon Switzerland 294, Saybusch 385. 405. Sazawa, the 317. 320. 324. Sbanwald, the 300. Scardona 429. Schabatz 355. Schachen 170. Schachenbad 169. Schadendorf 356. Schafberg, the 43, 178. Schaffhausen 36. Schafhausen 14. Schäftlarn 167. Schalksburg 43. Schalding 175. Schallaburg 247. Schamatz. 355. Schambachthal, the 112. Schandau 294. Schardenberg 178. Schärding 179. 256. Scharfeneck, ruin (Fran- conia) 71. —, - (Swabia) 27. —, - (near Vienna) 243. Scharnhausen 12. - Scharrebene, the 184, Schässburg 413. 486 INDEX. Schattau 319. Schauder-Thal, the 84. Schaumburg, ruin 180. Schechen 180. Scheer 47. Schefflenz 62. Scheibbs 247. Scheiben, the 184. Schelklingen 46. Schellenberg (Transyl- vania) 442. 443. — (near Donauwörth) 99. Schemmerberg 29. - Schenanitz 380. Schenkenzell 34. Schenkwitz 383. Schillerhöhe, the 22. Schillingsloch 38. 145. Schiltach 34. Schimborn 52. Schirnding 98. Schlachters 169. Schlackenwerth 301. Schlagendorfer Spitze, the 390. - Schlägl 251. Schlan 304. . Schlangenburg 271. Schläpanitz 323. Schlappenz 317. Schlattstall 38. Schleierfall 391. Schleissheim 121, 466. Schleiz 64. Schlierbach 62. 251. Schlöglmühl 264. Schlott, 1.f3. - Schmachtenberg 73. Schmaussenbuck 172.96. Schmecks 389 Schmeie, the 43. 45. Schmiechenthal A6. Schmiedeberg 301. Schmöllnitzhiitte 387. Schmutter, the 100. 118. Schnabel waid 97. t- Schnaith 24. Schnaitheim 24. Schnaittach 96. - Schneeberg, the (Bohe- mia) 295. - — (Fichtelgebirge) 84. — (Semmering) 263. 264. Schnelldorf 23. Schobeser-Gebirge 318. Schöckel, the 266. Schöffelwarte 247. Schöllenbach 20. Schöllkrippen 52. Schömberg 16. Schönau (Bohemia) 297. --- (Franconia) 55. 76. — (on the Danube) 383. Schönau (near Vöslau) 263 Schönberg 64. 304. Schönbichl, château 254. Schönbornsprudel, the Schönbrunn (Moravia) 330. – (château, near Vienna) 23 Schönbuchwald, the 33. Schönbühl, castle (Rems. thal) 24. Schönfeld 295. Schönfeld-Lassee 349. Schönfels, château 63. Schongau 167. Schöngrabern 319. Schönhof 84. 310. Schönlind 173. . Schönsteinhöhle 83. Schonungen 73. Schönwald 318. , , Schopfloch 27. 34.99. Schorenberg, ruin 55. Schorndorf 24. Schotter-Thal, the 84. Schottwien. 265. Schreckenstein 295. 316. Schreiberbach, the 244. Schrezheim 23. Schrobenhausen 413. Schrozberg 22. Schuller, the 420. Schullerloch, the 111. Schussen, the 29. Schussenried 29. Schütt, island 336. 351. Schüttenhofen 313. Schutterthal, the 85. Schützen 357. Schwabach 98. Schwaben 471. Schwabhausen 167. Schwäbisch-Grmünd 24, Schwäbisch-Hall 21. Schwabmiinchen 167. Schwaden 316. Schwaigen 121. Schwaikheim 21. Schwakenreute 47. Schwallenbach 254. Schwanberg, the 60. Schwandorf 119. 173. Schwaneck, château 167. Schwanenstadt 256. Schwarzachthal 104. Schwarzau, the 264. Schwarzawa, the 321. 323. Schwarzbach 320. —, the 62. ' Schwarzenau 314. Schwarzenbach 64. 79. Schwarzenberg 387. Schwarzenbronn 115. Schwarzenbruck 104. Schwarzenfels 75. Schwarze See (near Ei- senstein) 184. — — (Hungary) 394. Schwechat 351. —, the 242 Schweigern 61. Schweinau. 23. Schweinfurt 72. Schweinhausen. 29. Schweinhütt 183. | |Schrems 344. |Sebenico |Schweinsberg 18. Schweissing 313. Schweissjäger, the 299, Schwenningen 35. Schwiłłau 310. Scutari, Lake of 447. Sebastiansweiler 41. 429. Sebes, the 368. Sebeshely 410. Sebusein 316. Seckach 62. Seckau, castle 269. Sedletz 347. Sedlitz 293. Sedziszow 400. Seebenstein, castle 264. Seeberg, castle 304. Seeburg 39. Seeburger Thal 38. Seegut, château 14. Seekirchen 257. —, Lake of 257. Seelöwitz 324. Seewald, the 30. Seewand, the 184. 890. Segengottes 318. - Segenthau 368. Segesvár 413. Seibersdorf 395. Seidenberg 328. Seidowitz 300. Seitenstetten 248. Selb 64. Selé 296. Seligenstadt 20, 72. Selve 427. Selmeczbánya 380. Semed Planina 457. Semedella 277. Semendria. 362. Semenik, the 368. Semil 327. Semlin 361. 365. Semmering 265. — Railway, the 264. Senden 29. Senftenberg 254, INDEX. 487 Sennfeld 62. ' Sepsi Szt. György 416. Serájevo 450. - Serdupina 442. Sergio, Mte. 440. Sernovica, the 436. Servola. 276. Sessana 273. Seubersdorf 105. Seulbitz 64. Seussen 98. Seybothenreuth 79. Shmerinka 401. Sibiu 411. Sibot AſO. Sibyllenloch 37. Sichów 402. Sichrov 328. Siebenbrunn 349. Siebenbürgen 406. Siebendörfer, the 416. Siebenellen 483. Siebengiebel 300. Sieben-Seen-Thal 394. Siegelsdorf 60. Siegenfeld 242. Siekovatz 355. M50. Sienokos, the 455. Sierndorf 319. Sierning 251. Sievering 245. Siglingen 62. Sigmaringen 44. Sigmaringendorf 47. Sigmundsherberg-Horn 314. 319. Siklava, Fall 393. Silberberg 183. Sillein 385. Sillinka, the 385. Siluwka, 323. Simbach 172. Simin Han 450. Simmering 323. 351. Simmsee, the 171. Šinaïa ió4. Singen 36. Sinj 430. Sinn, the 55. 75. Sinzheim. 19. Sinzing 110. Siófok 353. Siroka, the 394. Sissek 355. 361. A57. Sitnica. 458. Sitzenberg 247. Sitzenthal 247. Siverić 430. Skalitz 320. Skaljari 445. Skalka. 384. Skawina, 385. 405. Skela-Gladova. 369. Skitta-Jalomicza 416. Skole 379. Skrád 355. Skriveva, Punta, 439. Skrochowitz 330. |Skuč 31 |Slankamen 361. Slano 437. Slatina, 357. 369. Slatinan 317. Slavnik, the 273. Slavon. Brod 355. Slawjn 346. Sleme, the 352. Slobodsia A22. Slotwina 400. Sloup 320. Smarda 422. Smedna 300. Smerdzonka 393. Smichow 293. Smiřitz 326. Smiatyn 402. Sóakna 418. Soběslau 325. Soborsin 409. Sodenthal 55. Sófalva, 117. Sofien-Alpe 246. Söflingen 45. Sofronya 357. Sokolica. 438. Solitude, the 12. Söllingen 15. Solnhofen 116. Solta 430. 437. |Solymos 409. Som. 379. Somerein 351. Somkerék 419. Somküt 419. Sommerau 184. Somotor A38. Sondelfingen 31. Sonnen 178. Sonnenberg 294. 301. Sonnenwendstein 264. Sonnenwirbel 301. 308. Sontheim 25. 167. Sóóvár 377. Sophien-Alpe 246. Sophien Cavern 84. Sopróny 357. Soroksár 364. Sóstó 370. Soyen 180. Soyer See, the 180. Spaichingen 35. Spalato 430. Spalmadori, islands Spalt 98. Sparneck 64. Speising 240. 187. Spelonca di Ballon 438. Sperberseck 37. Spessart Mts., the 54. Spezeria, prom. 447. Spielberg, chât. 252. —, the 322. Spielfeld 269. Spiljari 446. Spillern 319. Spinnerinn am Kreuz, the 240. Spital 265. Spitz 254. - Spitzberg 184. 310. 315. Spreča, the 450. Šíaab 340. Staatz 323. Stadlau 323. 349. Stadt am Hof 109. Stadtprozelten 54. Staffelbach 73. Staffelberg, the 66, 478. Staffelstein 66. Stafileo 433. Stagno Grande 437. — Piccolo 437. Stahringen 47. Stambach 64. Stanislau 402. Stankau. 310. Staresiolo 402. Starigrad 455. | |Starkotsch 326. Startsch 318. Starzel, the 33. 41. Starzeln 43. - Stauding 330. Stauf, ruin (near Linz on the Danube) 180. — (near Ratisbon) 109. Staufen (Swabia) 27. Staufeneck, ruin. 27. Steben 64. Steblowa 325. Steckelburg, ruin 55. Stefanau 320. Stefanshūtte 387. Steigerwald, the 114. Steigkoppe, the 54. Stein (Austria) 254. — (Fichtelgebirge) 79. — (near Nuremberg), 23. Steinach (Bavaria) 65. — (on the Main) 114. Steinach-Thal, the 14. 65, 80 - Steinamanger 857. Steinbach (near Hall) 21. — (on the Main) 52. — (Franconia) 65. — (in the Murrthal) 22. — (near Vienna) 246. – See, the 392. 488 INDEX. Steinbach Valley 392. Steinberg, on the Main 55. Steinbruch 365. 339. 375. - Steinbrück 271. Steindorf 257. Steinenbach 46. Steinerhof 265. Steinfeld, the 247. Steinhausen 64. Steinheim 51. 100. Steinkirchen 314. Steinlachthal, the 41. Steinmühle 64. Steinrain 149. Steinwiesen 64. Stemenhausen 65. Stempfermühle 83. Stephansgrad 454. Stephanskirchen 171. Stephanspásching 174. Stepperg 113. Sterbfritz 55. Sterbohol 293. Stern 293. Sternberg 300. 320. Sternstein 271. Stetten 467. Stettin 330. Steyerdorf 368. Steyregg 252. Steyrling 251. Stiahlau 313. . . . . . . . Stiavnicza Valley 386. Stimpfach 22. Stirnberg, the 393. Stobreč 436. Stock 174. Stockach 47. the 47. Stockau 79. Stockerau 319. Stockheim, 65. Stoffbauer, the 268. Stoffelsberg, the 168. Stojka 419. Stolivo 443. Stolzenburg 412. Storzingen 44. Stösschen, the 389. Stracena 382. Strakonitz. 313. Stramberg 330. Strana, 457. Strančitz 324. Strass 351. Strassberg 43. Strasskirchen 174. Strassnitz 323. 328. Strasswalchen 257. Straubing 174. Straussnitz 345. Strecsnó 385. Streitberg 82. * . |Streitburg 83. Strel, the 409. Střelitz. 318. 323. Stromberg, the 13. Strončica, Punta 438. Stróze 404. Strudel, the (Danube) 252. Struden 252. Strywiaz, the 404. Stryj 404. 401. Stubenberg 420. Stubna, the 381. Stubnya-Fürdő 381. Studenetz 318. Stuhlweissenburg 353. Stupéic 325. Stupna, 327. Sturovnik, the 444. Stuttgart 1. Suben 256 Sucha, 388. 400. 405. Sughawoda Valley, the 4. Suchenthal 325. Sučurac 430. 433. Suczawa, Itzkani 403. 420. Sudeten. the 320. Sudoměritz 325. Sugatag 371. Suliguli 372. Sulm, the 269. Sulz 34. 105. Sulzbach 22. 53. 173. —, the 251. - Sulzdorf 22. Sulzerain 11. Summerau 314. Sünching 174. Sunja 457. Surány 350. Surul, the 413. Süssen 27. Sutjeska 450. Suttorina, the 443. Sveti Suro 436. Svietlo Borje 455. Swabian Alb, the 36. Swatobor, the 313. Swętla 317. . Swiéin, the 326. Swinka, the 377. Swinnica, the 394. Swistowka, the 394. Syl, the 410. Synowodsko 379. Syrmia 360. Száár 352. Szabad-Bāthyan 353. | |Szabadka 365, 372. Szabad-Szállás 364. Szadelló 377. Szájol 367. 373. Szakálháza 366. Szálanes 378. Szalánka Cavern 382. Száláspatak. 410. Szalk Szt. Martón 359. Szalonta, 372. sº the 370. Aſ Y. 418. Szamos Ujvár 419. Szániszló 370. Szántód 353. Szárhegy 416. Szarvas 367. Szászfalu 416. - Szász Hermány 416. Szász Régen 448. Szász Sebes 411. Szászváros 410. Szatmár-Nemeti 370. Szatymäz 365. Szczawne 378. - Szczawnica. 377. 405. Szczérzec 401. Szegedin 365. 872. Szegszard 358. 359. Szekelyhid 374. i Székely Keresztur 417. Székely Udvárhely 417. Székes Fehérvár 353. sº Country of the Szempcz 350. Szentes 373. Szepes-Remete 387. Széphalom 378. - Szepsi 377. Szered 383. Szerednye 878. Szerencs 370. Szeret, the 403. Szeretfalva 448. A90. Sziget, Máramaros 371. Szigetvár 357. Szigliget 353. Szikszó 376. - - Szilágy-Somlyó 370. Szilicz 382. - Szin 377. - Szinnna Stone 378. Szinva, the 376. Szinyerváralja 370. Szitas Keresztur 417. Szkleno 380. Szlatina 380. Szliács 380. Szobb 350. Szoboszló 369. Szóbrancz 378. Szóhodol 415. Szoliszko 391. Szöllös 350. Szolnok 373. Szolyva-Hársfalva. 379. Szombathely 357. INDEX. 489 Szomolnokhytta 387. Szomotor 378. Szonta, 373. Szöregh 366. Sztamora-Moravicza Sztoj, the 379. Sztrecsnó 385. Sztrimbuly, the 371. Szudrics 374. Szucsány 385. Szulyov Valley 384. Tabor 325. Tachau 813. Tachenstein 112. Tachtalia. 363. Tafelfichte, the 328. Tafertsried 182. Taimering 174. Taksony 364. Talmács, or Talmesh 413. Tálya, 370. Tangar 435. Tannberg, the 257. Tannheim 46. Tannwald 327. Tapfheim 99. Tapolcza 376. Taraczköz 371. Taréin 453. Tarcza, 357. —, the 377. Tarczal 370. Târnok 353. Tarnopol 401. Tarnów A00. Tartaro, Mte. 429. Tartlau A46. A20. Tass 359. Tata Tóváros 352. Tátra Füred 389. Tátra Mts., the 388. Tátraháza 392. Tátraspitze, the 391. Tatzmann8dorf 357. Tauber, the 64. 145. Tauberbischofsheim 61. Tauberfeld 117. Taufkirchen 179. Taus 310. Tavankut 373. Teck, ruin 37. Teckendorf A18. Tecsö 371. Tecuciu 403. Tegelstein 469. Téglás 370. Teinach 14. 16. —, baths 14. Teisendorf 171. Teissnachthal, the 182. Teke A18. 368. Tekeröpatak A16. Teleajna, the 421. Telega 421. Telek 409. Tellnitz 294. Temes, the 362. 366. 368. Temesvár 366. Temesvár-Fabrik 366. 368 Teodod 443. Tepl; the 305. Tepi, abbey 313. Tepla 386. —, the 380. Tepla-Trentschin 384. Teplicska 385. Teplitz (Bohemia) 296. — (Warasdin.) 270. Teplitz-Waldthor 294. Teplitza 271. Teregova. 368. Tereselpatak 371. Terglou, the 272. Terianszko Lake 392. Ternitz 264. Tersato 356. Terstenik 439. Tersteno 439. Teschen 385. Tétény 353. 359. Tetschen 315. Tetschitz 318. Tettnang 30. Teufelsbach, the 445. Teufelsfelsen, the 111. Teufelsloch 85. Teufelsmauer, the 142. 254. Teufelssee, the 184. Teufelstisch 182. 183. Thal 269. Thaldorf 112. Thalfingen 25. Thalhausen 34. Thałkirchdorf 169. Thalmiihle 14. 35. Thamm 13. Thäusser Bad 20. Thaya, the 318. 319. 324. Thayingen Theben 334. Thebener Kogel 335. 349. Tºº, the 361. 366. 370. Theisseck 364. 366. Theissholz 381. Theres 73. Theresienfeld 263. Theresienstadt 296. Theresienthal 183. Thierberg, the 43. Thiergarten 45. Thiergartenberg, the 38. Thomasroith 256. Thonbrunn 64. Thorenburg 418. Thörichte Gern, the 393. Thärlthal, the 265. Thingen 55. Thingersheim 55. Tichlowitz 316. Tihany 353. 376. 377. 387. Tilalmas, the 446. Tillysburg, the 249. Timelkam 256. Tirschenreuth 119. Tirschnitz 302. Tischnowitz 323. Tiszafüred 373. Tisza Lucz 370. — -Ujlak 379. Tiszolcº. 384. Tiszora, the 372. Titel 366. Titu 369. Tlumatschau 328. Tlutzen 316. Tmor, the 439. Tochowitz, 309. Tohan 416. Toif; 245. Tokarnia. 393. Tokaj 370. Töke-Terebes 378. Tolna, 359. Tömös, the 420. Tömös Pass, the 416. 421. Topanfalva 414. Topkowitz 295. Topla-Bai 442. Toplecz 369. Topolje-Fall 430. Topolovecz 368. Topolya, 365. Topshider 362. Torda, 448. Tordai Hasadék, the 418, Torna 377. Tornalja 382. Tornócz 350. Toroczko 448. - Torojaga, the 372. Török Szt. Miklós 373, Torre di Norino 437. Törzburg 445. Tótfalu 444. Tót Megyer 350. Totis 352. Tótvárad A09. Touin 355. Tövis 411. 418. Tra.bitz 79. Traisen, the 247. 255. Traismauer 255. Trajan, inscription of 364: Transylvania 406. 490 INDEX. Trappano 437. Trappensee 18. Traú 433. Trauf, the 43. Traun 251. —, the 171. 249. 251. 256. Traunstein 171. Traunthal, monastery 112. - Trausnitz, castle 120. Trautenau 327. Trautmannsdorf 351. Travnik A59. Trebgast 76. Trebinje 442. Trebinjčica. 441. Trebitsch 348. Trebusa-Feherpatak 371. Trembach 181. Themešna 326. Trennfeld 54. Trencsin 384. — Teplitz 384. Treppehen, the 390. Treskavica, the 453. Treuchtlingen 116. 98. Trichtersee, the 392. Triebiº 3%. Triebschitz 301. Triefenried 482. Triefenstein 54. . Triesdorf 116. Trieste 273. Trifail 271. Trikule 363. Trimberg 55. - Trinità, Fort 45. Trinitás 358. Trnava, the 383. Trnobrand 316. Trnowa, the 300. Trnowan 300. Troghtelfingen 25. Troënow 314. Trogir 433. Troitza 455. Troppau 330. Troppberg, the 247. Troska, ruins 327. Trossingen 35. Trubachthal, the 83. Trudering 170. . Trumerseen, the 257. Truskawiec 404. Trzciana 400. Trzebinia, 395. Trzynietz 385. Tschermowitz 301. Tübingen 31. . Tüchersfeld 85. Tuchla, 379. Tuin 855. Tulbinger Kogel, the 247. Tulln 255, 315. Tullner Feld, the 255. Tupa, the 391. Tura, 375. Turán 385. Turbat, the 371. Turcsek 381. Türkenfeld 167. Turkeve 367. Türkheim 167. Turkovic 457. Türmitz 295. Turn 299. Turnau 327. Turn Severin 369. Turócz Szt. Márton 381. —, the 381. 385. Túrvekony 370. Turya Remete 378. Tuschkau-Kosolup 313. Tušnád £16. Tusnádi Szoros, the 416, Tuttlingen 35. Tworkau 330. Tycha, the 394. Tychy Pass 394, Tymbark 404. ºau (Bavarian Forest) -- (Hungary) 383. Tyssa 294. Tyssaer Wände, the 294. Udvard 350. Udvary 370. Udwitz-Görkau. 301. Uebelbach, the 266. Ueberkingen 27. Ueberlingen 50. Ueberlinger See 19, 50. Uebersee 171. Uffenheim 114. Uglian 428. 429. Uhenfels 39. Uhersko 320. Uhlandshöhe, the 9. Uhlbach 25. Uihingen 26. Uj-Féhérto 370. Ujlak 360. Ujszász 373. Ujvidek 360. Uj-Vincz 410. Uj-Zsolna. 384. Ulbo 427. Ulešnjak Brdo A50. Ullitz-Pleşchnitz. 313. Ulló 365. Ulm 27. TJ11merfeld 248. Ulrichsberg 182. Umago 278. Ummendorf 29. Umpfer, the 61. Una, the 457. Und, monastery 254. Unešić 430. - Ungar.-Altenburg 351. — Brod 323. — Hradisch 328. — Ostra, 323. Ungerhausen 167. Ungh, the 378. Unghvār 378. Unboscht 300. Uníe 427. Unlingen 46. Unókö, the 420. Unsleben 76. Unterbalbach 61. Unterböbingen 24. Unterboihingen 30. 37. Unter-Elchingen 25. Unter-Grainet 178. Unter-Griesheim 62. Unterhausen 40. 113. Unterkochen 24. Unter-Leinleiter 83. Unterloquitz 65. Untermarchthal 46. Unterreichenbach 15. | Unter-Retzbach 319. Unterrodach 64. Untersberg, the 262. Unterschüpf 61. Unter-See, the 47. Unter-Steinach 65. Unter-Stuben 381. Unterthólau 119. Unter-Tömös 421. Untertürkheim 25. Unterweilersbach 82. Unterzeit 46. Urach 38. Urbach 24. Urfahr 249. - Urthelstein, the 243. Uslava, the 309. 313. Ustrzyki 404. Uszög 358. Uttendorf-Hellpfau 172. Uvac, the 456. |Uzsók 378. Vach 72. Vácz, 350. Vadkert-Tāzīār 364. |Vadna 383. Vág-Besztercze 384. Vágfalva. 386. 392. Vág-Ujhély 384. Vaihingen 13. 33. . Wajda Hunyad 409. Válastät 448. Waldinoce 439. 442. Umlowitz 314. INT) EX. 491 St. Valentin 248. Walkány 366. Vámfalu Büdoszár 370. Vámos 383. Vámos-Györk 375. Vámos-Percs 370. Várad-Püspöki 374. — Velencze 374. Váralja-Hátszeg 409. Varcar-Vakuf 458. Vargede 381. - Vargyas Valley, the 414. Varhély 410. Varin 385. Varjas 366. Varna A22. Vashegy 381. Vaskoh 374. Vaslab 416. Vasvár 357. Vazsecz 386. 392. Vecel 409. . Vecses 365. Véghles-Szálatna, 380. Veglia 280. 427 Végszendrö 362. Veitsberg, the 66. Veitsburg, the 30. Veitschthal, the 265. Veitshöchheim 55. Velden 97. .' Veldenstein 97. Velencze 353. Velez Planina 454. Veličanca, the 450. Velika, išč. Velm 351. Verbász-Kula 365. Verbisca. 442. Verbosca 438. Verbovsko 355. Verciorova. 364. 369. Verespatak 411. Veresti 403. Vergorac 430. . . Vermac, Fort 445. Vernár 383. Versecz 368. Veterani cavern 363. Vicsa, the 379. Videm-Gurkfeld 271. Vidra, 422. Vidrány 378. Viechtenstein, castle 179. Viehofen 247. Vienna, 185. Abgeordnetenhaus 212. Academy of Art 220. — of Sciences 205. Adelige Casino 226. Agricult. Society 208. Albertina 203. Albrechts-Brunnen 203. Vienna : Alsergrund 234. Alºhenfeld Church Ambras Collection 216. Anatomical Institute 210. 234. - St. Anna 204. Archiepiscopal Palace 199 Army-Museum 231. Arsenal 230. —, Civic 206. Art-Industrial School 228 Artillery Barracks 230. Aspern Bridge 228. Augarten 229. Augustine Church 203. Auskunfts-Bureau 193. Ballhausplatz 208. Bankgebäude 208. St. Barbara. 205. Darracks 228. 230. 234. Baths 191. 239. Bºwen Collection Belvedere 230. Blind Asylum 193. Pörse 209. Botanic Garden 209. 230. Brigitta Bridge 238. Brigittenau 229. 238. Burg 199. - - Burgkapelle 200. Bürger-Hospital 203. Burg-Ring 242. Burgthor 201. Cabs. 189. Cafés 188. Capuchin Church 204. Carlskirche 232. Casts, Museum of 221. Cathedral 197, Cattle Market 230. Cemeteries 239. ºical Laboratory Circus 229. Collection of Drawings 203. 224. — of Engravings, 202 221 Commander-in-Chief, Office of 210. Commercial Academy 225. Commissionnaires 192. Communalbad 238. Concerts 191. Confectioners 189. Consulates 193. Cottage-Verein 238. Vienna : Courts of Justice 212. Credit-Anstalt 206. - Criminal Court 234. Cursalon 226. Custom House 229. Czernin's Collection 233. Danube Improvement Works 238. Deaf and Dumb Asy- lum 232. Dentists 192. Educational Exhibition 3. 206. Elizabeth Bridge 225. 232. St. Elizabeth's Church. 233 Embassies 193. 230. Engineering Society 225 English Church 193. Esterhazy Garden 233. Exchange 209. Exhibition, permanent 194 Export Exhibition 193. Favoriter, - Ferdimandsbrücke 228. Fiacres 189. Foreign Office 208. Franzensplatz 200, Franzens-Ring 209. Franz-Josephs - Quai 228. - Franz- Josephs-Thor 228. Freudenau 239. Freyung, the 206. Fünfbaus, Church of 233 Gänsemädchen 233. Gas Works 230. º - Commando Geolog. Institution 230, Graben 199. - Greek Church 205. Gürtel-Strasse 196. Gymnasium, Academic Handels-Academie 225. Handels-Museum 209. Harrach's Collection 20 Hauptwache 200. Heeres-Museum 231. Heinrichhof, the 220. Herrengasse, the 208. Hof, the 206. Hofburg 199. Hofburg-Theatre 241. 492 INDEX. Vienna : . — Hygienic Museum 194 Karlskirche 232. Kohlmarkt 199. Kolow rat-Ring 226. Krieau 239. r Maltese Church 204. St. John the Baptist Markets 193. 226. 230, 232. - Medical Advice 192. Hofgarten, the 201. Hohe Markt, the 205. Horticult. Society 226. Hospital, General 234. Hotels 185 — Garnis 185. Industrial Museum 235 wº-º-º: Society 225. Invalidenhaus 230. Jewish Hospital 238. Jews' Quarter 205. Jockey Club 203. St. John 229. 204. Josephinum 234. Josefsplatz 200. Josefstadt 233. w Justice, Palace of 212. Karolinenbrücke 226. Kärtnerhof 203. Kärtner-Ring 225. Kärtner-Strasse 225. Kaunitz Garden 233. Kronprinz-Rudolf- |Brücke 239. Runstgewerbeverein 8 Künstlerhaus 225. Kunstverein 194. 205. Landhaus 208. Landstrasse 229. Iastenstrasse 196. Law Courts 242. Lazaristenkirche 233. Leopoldstadt 229. Library, Imp. 201. —, Municipal 210. —, University 209. Liechtenstein Gallery 235 Linien, the 196. Lunatic Asylum 234. Margarethen 233. |Mariahilf 233. Maria Stiegen 206. Mºthereienbrºke Mariensäule 206. Melkerhof 197. St. Michael's 199. Vienna : Military Geogr. Insti- tute 233. Military Offices 200. Military Music 194 Ministry of Commerce 205. — of Finance 204. — of the Interior 206. — Of Justice 220. — Of War 206. Minorite Church 208. Mint 230. Money Changers 192. Museum of Art and In- dustry 226. —, Art-History 216. —, Historical, of Vienna 210. Tº Natural History — of Casts 221. — of Weapons, Civic 211. . — —, Imp. 216. —, Technical 235. Museums, Imp. 243. Musikvereinsgebäude 225 Nar. Hist. Museum 218.] Neubau 233 New Market 204. Oberstallmeister - Amt 200 - Observatory 209, 238. Omnibuses 189. Opera House, Imp. 220. Opern-Ring 220. Palace of Archd. Albert 205. 220. — — Lewis Victor 226. — — William 226. — of PrinceSchwarzen- berg 204. 226. — — Liechtenstein 208. 235. 238. - — of the Duke of Co- burg 226. — Of the Duke of Nassau 230. — of the Grandduke of Tuscany 232. — Auersperg, 233. Chotek 234. Czernin 233. Dietrichstein 234. Harrach 206. Kinsky 207. Larisch 226. Lobkowitz 203. Metternich 230. Miller 232. Montenuovo 208. Vienna : Palace Pallavicini 203 — Rothschild 232. — Schönborn 207. — Sina 205. — To desco 225. Panoramas 191. Park Ring 226. Pºment, Houses of Pathological Museum 209. - Pensioners’ Hospital 230. - Pensions 186. St. Peter's 199. Physical Institute 209. Picture Exhibitions Picture Gallery (Imp.) 219 Police Office 190. 209. Polytechn. Institution 232. - Porters 192. Post Office 190. 205. Post Office Savings Bank 206. Prater 238. Praterstrasse 229. Pºstern, the 229. Printing Office, Imp. 204. 230. Private Apartments 296. Protestant Church 233. Protestant School 232. Rºkºske 228. Railway Stations 185. 229. 233. 238. Rathhaus, the Old 205. º, New 340. Real-Gymnasium 233. Redoutensäle 200. Rºanºlinae Reichs - Kanzlei Palast Rennweg 230. - Residence, old 200. Restaurants 186. Riding Schools 200. Ring-Strasse, the 208. Ronacher’s Estab. 191. 204. Rotunda 239. Rudolf Hospital 230. Rudolfs-Caserne 229. Ruhmeshalle 231. Salvator Capelle 206. INDEX, 493 Vienna : Schönborn's Collection 2 O7. Schottenhof 197. 207. Schottenkirche 207. Schotten-Ring 209. sºberºke Scientific Club 225. Seilerstätte 204. Shops 192. Skating Rinks 191. 230 Slaughter Houses 230. 233 Sophienbrücke 230. Stables, Imp. 220. Stadtpark 226. Stadttheater 20%. Starhembergsche Frei- haus 197. Statthalterei 208. Statue of Archduke Charles 200. — of Prince Eugene 204 — % Emp. Francis?00. *º- §emy. Joseph II. * of Maria Theresa 212 - — Of Beethoven 226. of Grillparzer 201. of Haydn 233. of Liebenberg 210. of Raimund 212. of Ressel 232. of Schiller 220. of Schubert, 226. # Schwarzenberg — of Tegetthoff 229. Steamboats 190. 229. Stephaniebrücke 228. sh stephen's Church 97. Stiftungshaus 209. Stock im Eisen 199. Stubenbrücke 226. Stuben-Ring 226. Synagogue 229. Technical Industr. Mu- seum 235. - Technolog. Collection 232 : Tegetthoffbrücke 226. Tººh Office 190. Telephone 190. º Order, House , of 205. - Textile School 233. Vienna : Theatres 191. Theresianische Ritter- Akademie 233. Tramways 190. Treasury 202. Trinity Column 199. Tuchlauben 205. Türkenschanze 238. University 209. University Church 205. Veterinary Institution 230, Vivarium 238. Volksgarten 201. Volkstheater 212. Votive Church 209. — Monument 205. Waffen Museum 211. 216 Wagner Museum 494. Währing 238. War Office 206. Weissgårber Church 229 Wieden 232. . Wine houses 188. Vierzehnheiligen 66. Vihnye 380. Vihodna-Vazsecz 386. 392 Vihorlat, the 378. Világos 367. 409. Villány 358. 373. Willingen 35. Vilovač 453. Vils, the (Danube) 173. 175, 184. Vilseck 173. Wilshofen 475. St. Vincenti 273. Vincowce 373. Vinga 368. Vinna, 378. Vipera, Mte. 489. Vis 438. Visegrád (Hung.) 337. — (Bosnia) 456. Visk 374. |Visoko 450, Vissek 436. Viss6, the 372. Vistula, the 396. 400. Viszoka, the 391. Vitis 314. Viza, the 411. Wizakna 444. Vizvár 357. Vlara Pass 323. Vledény 443. Vlegyásza, the 374. Vöckla, the 256. Vöcklabruck 256. Vöcklamarkt 257. Vöcsi 379, Vodnjak 437. Vogośca. 450. Vohburg 113. Vohenstrauss 119. Wöhringen 29. Voila 413. Voitersreuth 63. Vojno 454. Vojtek 368. Volinja, 457. Volkersberg 75. Volkersdorf 249. Vollmerz 55. Volosca, 272. Volsbach 79. Vorbach 97. Vorderbrühl 241. Worder-Haimbach 246. Vöröskö 383. Vörösmart 371. Worra. 97. Vöslau 263. Vöttau, chât. 318. Vranduk 150. Vránjica 430. Vrbas, the A57. A58. A59. Vrhovi 450 Vrpolje 373. Vrullia, 436. . Všetat 316, 328. Vuka, the 373. Vukovár 360. 373. Vulcan Pass, the 410. Waag, the 336, 350, 383. 385. 386 Waag-Bistritz 384. . Waag–Neustadtl 384. Waag-Sellye 350. Wachau, the 254. Wachholderberg, the 298. Wagendrüssel 387. Wagram. 255. 324. Wahlenberg Lakes 391. Wahlwies 47. Waiblingen 23. Waibstadt 62. Waidhofen 248. Waidmannsgesess 84. Waischenfeld 84. Waitzen 337. 350. . Walachisch-Meseritz829. |Waldburg, castle(Swabia) 30. 34 — — (Franconia) 73. Waldeck 14. Waldenburg 21. Waldershof 97. Waldhausen 24. Waldhäuser 483. Waldkirchen 179, 494 INDEX. Wald-Leiningen 53, Waldmab, the 119. Waldsassen 63. 303. Waldsee 46. Waldstein, castle 327. Waldstein, Grosse 64, 81. Waldthurn 119. Walhalla, the 110. Walhalla Strasse 149. Walki 400, Wallachia 421. Wallendorf 387. Wallern 479. Wallersdorf 184. Waller-See, the 257. Wallerstein 98. 99. Wallhausen 22. Wallsee 252. Waltenhofen 168. Wangen 25. 46. Wannenberg 54. Wappoltenreith 314. Warasdin 270. Warasdin-Teplitz 270. Warmensteinach 80. Warnsdorf 815. - Wartberg 251. 265. 350. —, the 18. - Wartenberg 327. Wartenburg, castle 256. Wartenstein, castle 264. Warthausen 29. WäSchenbeuern 24. Wäscher-Schlössle 24. Wasseralfingen 25, Wasserburg (Lake of Constance) 170. — (on the Inn) 180. Wassertridingen 98. Wawel, the 396. Wechsel, the 264. Wegfurt 76. Wegscheid 178. Wegstädtl 296. 316. Wehlen 294. Wehrstein 34. Weibertreu, ruin 20. Weichering 113. Weichselstein 271. Weichselthal, the 244. Weiden 149. * , Weidenbach 413. Weidling 245. Weidlingau 246. Weidlingbach 246. Weidritz, the 335. Weigolshausen 55. 72. Weihenstephan 124. Weiherhammer 173. Weikersheim 22. Weil 12. Weilbach 53. - Weilburg, the 243. Weilderstadt 14. Weilerburg 33. Weinern 350. Weingarten (Swabia) 80. Weinsberg 20. - Weinzettelwand, the 265. Weimzieri 254. Weipert 301. Weischlitz 63. Weissach, the 22. Weissbach, the 411. wº Berg, the 293. . weissenburg am Sand 146. Weissenegg, castle 269. Weissenhorn 29. Weissenkirchen 254. Weissenstadt 81. Weissenstein 15, 335. Weissenstein a.m. Pfahl 482. Weisse See, the 393. Weisse Wand, the 392. Weisskirchen 328. 329. 368. - Weisskirchlitz 299. Weiss main-Hochofen 80. Weissmainstein, the 80. Weisswasser 345. — Valley 392. 393. Weiteneck 253. Weitenstein 271. Weihybka 300. Weleslawin 300. Welim 319. Wellemin 296. Wellenburg 467. Welleschin-Krumau 344, Wels 179. 256. Welschingen 35. Weltenburg, Abbey 112. Weltrus 296. Wemding 99. Wendelstein 104. Weng 257. . Wenzelsberg 326. Werdau 63 Werfenstein, ruin 252. Wernberg 119. Werneck 55. 72. Wernfeld 55. Wernstein 179. Wernthal, the 55. Wernwag, château 45 Werschetz 368. Wertach, the 100. 118. Wertheim, 54. - Wesely 325. Wesendorf 25Å. Wesenurfahr £79. Wessely 323. Westen 413. --" Westereringen 167. Westerstetten 27. Westhausen 25. Westheim 118. Wettelsheim 116. Wetterau 51. Wetterkreuz, church 255 Wetzdorf 315. Weyer 248. Wichsenstein, the 83. Wicklesgreuth 23. Wiebelsbach 20. Wiedergeltingen 167. Wielandstein, the 37. Wieliczka, 399. Wielki Staw, the 394. Wien, see Vienna. Wien, the 195. 247. Wiener-Neustadt 263. Wiener Wald, the 247. Wiersberg 65. Wiesau 64. 119. Wiese 348. Wieselburg 247. 851. Wiesen 356 Wiesensteig 27. 37. Wiesent, the 71. 82. Wiesloch 12. Wikawa 315. Wilburgstetten 99. Wildbad (Wurtemberg) .15. — (Bavaria) 115. Wildberg 14. —, castle 251. Wildenschwert 320. Wildenstein, castle (on the Danube) 45. — (Spessart).55. Wildflecken 75. Wildon, ruin 269. Wildpoldsried 168. Wildsee, the 16. Wildstein 304. Wilferdingen 15. Wilfersreut 80. Wilfleinsdorf 351. Wilhelma, the 11. Wilhelmsbad 51. Wilhelmsburg, the 27. Wilhelmsglūck, mine Wilhelmshall 34. Wilhelmshöhe, the 299. Wilhering, abbey 180. Wilibaldsburg 117. Willsbach 20. Wimpfen 19. which - Eschenbach 449 . windisch-Gailenreuth&B. Windloch, the 97. INDEX, 495 Windsfeld 116. Windsheim 60. Winnenden 21. Wimmenthal, château 21. Winschendorf 393. Winterbach 2%. Winterhausen 114. Winterschneidbach 146. Wipfeld 72. Wischam 323. Wistritzbach, the 301. Witkowitz. 330. Wittelsbach, ruin 113. Wittighausen 64. Wittingau 325. Witzenhöhle, the 83. Władislau. 318. WIkawa, 345. Wodrian 314. Woken 315. Wola Huzanska 404. Wölchingen 61. Woleschka, the 327. Wolfach 34. Wolfegg 46. Wolframitz 323. Wolframitzkirchen 348. Wolframs 325. Wolfs 352. Wolfsegg 256. Wolfsgraben, the 247. Wolfsmünster 55. Wolfstein 105. 120. 478. Wolfsthal 335. Wolinka, the 313. Wolkersdorf 323. Wolnzach 118. Wolpczyska 401. Woléan 843. Wondreb, the 310. Wörmitz, the 98.99. Wörth 53.99. 124. 252. Wostroměř 317. 326. Wotsch, the 270. WOttawa, the 309. 343. Wottitz 325. • WOtwowitz 300. Wranau 323. Wraž 309. Wšestar 326. Wundershöhle, the 83. Wunsiedel 81. 119. Würbenthal 329. Wºº, the (Bavaria) 118. —- (Wurtemb.) MA. 34. Wurmlingen 35. wºulinger Capelle, the Würzburg 56. Wurzmes 301. Wutzlhofen 149. Wybranowka 402. Wygoda 404. Wysočan 325. 328. Ybbs 248. 253. —, the 248. 253. etc. Zabierzów 395. Zabłocie 405. Zablotow 402. Zabok 270. Zabola 416. Zabronich 273. Zagórzany 404. Zagreb 354. Zagyva, the 373. 375. 379. Zahori 314. Zajzon 416. 420. Zákány 354. 357. Zakolan 296. 300. Zakopane 394. Zála, the 356. Zalasd, the 409. Zalathna 411. Zalesl 295. Zám 409. Zamirsk 320. Zanevdo 445. Zapfendorf 66. Zaprešić 270. 274. Zara, 427. Zaravecchia 429. Zartlesdorf 844. Zauchtl 329. Zaule 276. Zaupenberg 84. Zavelstein 14. 16. Zavidović 450. Zavrat Pass, the 394. Zbirow 309. Zborowitz 328. Zdencina 355. Żdiar-Zdiretz 343. Zditz, 309. Zdjár Pass, the 393. Zebegény 350. Zegiestów 377. Zeiden A43. Zeil 73. Zell in the Odenwald 20. — (Fichtelgebirge) 81. — (on the Main) 55. Zellerhörnle, the 43. Zellendorf 349, Zengg 427. Zenica. 450. Zenfa, 372. epée 450. Zernyest 416. Zeykfalva 409. Zibin,' the 411. 413. Zieditz 302. Ziegenhals 330. Zielfingen 47. Ziersdorf 314. |Ziegenbrücke 452. Zigeunerberg, the 361. Zilah 370. Zilava 422. Zimmern 61. Zinkendorf 357. Zinne, the 415. Zinsendorf 323. Zips 386. 387. Zirknitzer See, the 272. Zirona 430. Ziskaberg, the 296. 326. Zistelalp, the 264. Zitnić 430, Zitomišlić (54. Zittau 315. 328. Zizelau. 252. Zizenhausen 47. ZTomisko, brook 391. 392. Znaim 348. Znyó-Váralja 381. Zokut Cavern 443. Zollern 42. Zólyom 380. Zombor 373, Zoppatenbach, the 80. Zorneding 170. Zsabenicza 418. Zsakarócz 387. Zsébely 368. Zsolcza, 370. 376. Zsolna 385. Zsombolya 366. Zuchering 113. Zuffenhausen 14. Zumhaus 23. Zurawica. 100. Zurndorf 351. Zusam, the 118. Zusameck 118. Züttlingen 62. Zwardon 385. 405. Zwentendorf 255. Zwettl 314. Zwickau 63. Zwiefaltendorf 46. 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