y, s C , Aft-9 s V ' - . . "" fir. . - " L+ } "'`" '... . ,'tea' r . , s . r ,. R"te ' , ,..rte 12 1 +,. H x `" .. , .. w, " ' M .i a :R~..". a. is _ " '0''i " : - ; - x: ". ' " " t+rpf " 'ice - " a' ~ a t ,rvj r Y All w",.. a y r= i .rS r ," .5'w H 'I ah " }E ' 1e' ,'. - y'+ -r' ; g+n k a Mi. .ry.. s, . ts[ a: tom. _____________ " U /27 i~f7'A iI ` ARTS, SCE-NAt '.lig dV5R1 `vEITAS (). TH F _____________________________________________________________ 7~9f/J7d~A~i/A ~ & 4 V l .-E2 LV I.-;/ AN ESSAY TOW~ARDS A CATALOGUE OF THE PHAENOGAMOUS PLANTS, NATIVE AND NATURALIZED; GROWING IN THE VICINITY OF THE BOROUGH OF WEST-CHESTERD IN CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA: WITH BRIEF NOTICES OF THEIR PROPERTIES, AND USES, IN MEDICINE, RIXRAL, ECONOMIY AND THE ARTS- TO WHICH IS SUBJOINED OF THE SAME DISTRICT. BY WILLIAM DARLINGTON; W. D. Ote trahit quodcunque poteat, atqzie~addit acervo. HoR. WEST-CHESTER,, PENN. PRINTED FO TIlt AuTHORI By SIMEoN siEQFitrrP7 a 9 TO THE REV. LEWIS D. v. SCHWEINITZ, OF BEThLEhEM, PENNSYLVANIA. DEAR SIR. I AM conscious that the dedication of a performance of this grade, is but an equivocal compliment to a Botanist of your distinguished attain- ments : but I could not forego the opportunity, thus presented, to testify the deep sense which I entertain of your kindness and liberality, so repeatedly manifested, in aiding me in my investigations of our more difficult plants. It is but justice to say, that whatever of accuracy there may be, in the determination of those plants, is mainly owing to your obliging revision of that portion of my Herbarium. As for the errors, deficiencies, and temerarious innovations, which may be observed in dhe work,-it is perhaps needless to add, that they are all my own. Could I have enjoyed the happiness of more frequent interviews with you, during my researches, I should doubtless have been enabled to present you wiTh a Catalogue, of the plants of this district of country, more worthy of your acceptance. Such as it is, I beg leave to offer it as a small token of my respect for your chara ter, as a zealous and successful cultivator of Botanical Science; and as a sincere testimonial of my gratitude for the many favors conferred upon, Dear Sir, Your obliged Friend, WM. DARLINGTON. ZST-CHESTER, PENN. .dpril 28, 1826, ALSO INSCRIBED; AS A TRIBUTE OF AFFECTION, TO TINE MEMORY OF MY EARLY AND ESTIMABLE FRIENi) WILLIAV, BALD WIN, M. D. LATE SURGEON IN THE NAVY OF THE UNITED STATES A MAN IN WHOM THE LOVE OF SCIENCE WAS EQUALLED ONLY BY HIS1 BENEVOLENCE TOWARDS HIS FELLOW CRE_ YUaE:3. WHO, TO A MOST AMIABLE SIMPLICITY OF CHARACTER, UNITED A RARE SAGACITY, AND AN INDEFATIGABLE ACTIVITY, INd THE PRIOSECUTION OF BOTANICAL KNOWLEDGE. HIS ARDOR IN THE PURSUIT, 7.ED HIM TO UNDERTAKE AN EXPEDITION TO WHICH HIS DECLINING HEALTE TVAS TOTALLY IN ADEQUATE AND, ON THE BANKS OF THE MISSOURI. FAR FROM THE BOSOM OF HIS FAMILY, AND THE CIRCLE OF HIS ANXIOUS FRIENDS, HE FOUND AN UNTIMELY GRAVE. - - -- I'Manibus date Lilia plenis~ Pu rpu reOS pangam flores, animamque .49mici His saltem' accuiriulem doui-; et fungar inani MIIun ere." W.A), PREFACE. Tii ing Cataeogue was undertaken a number of years age--at a time when the wtioiks wLiC profrssed to treat of the plants of this country were few in number, and those few far from being complete. Having experienced much difficulty from the want of satisfactory aids, when I began to investigate our native vegetables, it very early occurred to me, that if the lovers of Lotany throughout the United States were to prepare and publish local Floras, or Catalogues of the plants of their respective neighborhoods,- carefully describing such as were little known, or had been entirely overlooked,-it would be the readiest mode of obtainingthe materials for that great desideratum, a complete AMERICAN FLORA. It was under this impression that I began to collect the plants of this vicinity-with the intention of publishing a list of them, in a form that should exhibit the views which I entertained respecting such local contributions. In pursuance of this plan, I was actually preparing the present catalogue for the press, when the appear- ance of Mr. Pursh's valuable Flora induced me to pause, and revise my humble performance. The subse- quent publication of Mr. Nuttall's excellent work on the North American Genera, and, more especially, of Dr. Barton's Flora Philadelphica,-which comprised the greater portion of the plants of this district,- seemed to supersede the utility of my project; and I relinquished, for a time, all idea of printing. My at- tention, however, to the subject of a local Flora, was not remitted; but, on the contrary, availing myself of the assistance afforded by those recent works, (as well as by the admirable Sketch, of Mr. Elliott,) I pro- secuted my investigations with renewed diligence. I had, moreover, the pleasure to communicate a taste for botanical studies to several intelligent gentlemen of the vicinity, who materially aided me in my re- searches,---and who have since embarked, with a laudable zeal, in a more extensive exploration of the Natural History of this region. At the instance of those gentlemen-and with a hope that it might be found somewhat useful, as a sort of Inderx to the Botany of the district,-and perhaps be instrumental in inciting the youth of the County to prosecute such researches-I finally resolved to print a few copies. I was the more readily induced to do so, from having on my hands the accompanying engravings, which I had procured for the work several years before. Such is, briefly, the history of the present catalogue. It has no pretensions to any thing more than a faithful endeavor to present a view of the character and distribution of the phm nogamous plants of this vicin- ity. Nevertheless, local and circumscribed as it is, and imperfect as I am sensible it must be,-I am wil- ling to flatter myself that when its original design is considered, the cultivators of Botany, in the United States, will be disposed to regard it with indulgent liberality. To thet it is submitted as a mere coup d'essai,-the first offering of an ardent admirer of the science, who would be happy to contribute his mite, in any way, towards promoting a more intimate knowledge of American Plants. The plan of the work is that which I had originally adopted; except that I finally determined to annex to the authovity, cited for each genus and species, a very brief description, drawn from the best sources with- in my reach,-and carefully compared, as far as practicable, with specimens before me. In this way I thoughtI could render the catalogue more satisfactory, by giving the reader some clue to the characters of the plants enumerated-and perhaps enable him to comprehend more distinctly what it was I intended, where I have been mistaken. I have given a number of the Synonyms of late writers on American Plants, with a view to the same object. I regret exceedingly that I did not possess the first volume of Dr. Tor- rey's excellent Flora, until it was too late to avail myself of the instruction it affords. In my estimation, it gives the most clear and satisfactory account of the plants of this region, that has yet appeared; and had I been so fortunate as to have obtained it in time, I should certainly have adopted, to a very great extent, both its arrangement and nomenclature. Taken in conjunction with Mr. Elliott's sketch of the Botany of the South, it will, when corupleted, leave but little to desire, as tQ the descriptions of the known plant! of the United States. vi. PREFACE. I have taken some pains to collect the various Common Names by which the plants are designated, in toix part of the country; for it seems to me that the very uncertainty which attends them, renders it important that they should be carefully enumerated. The same plants are known by different names, in different Aeighborhoods,-and the same names are often applied to very different plants. Indeed there is scarcely any toing more vague and confused, than the vulgar botanical nomenclature,--a circunstance which some- times leads to serious mistakes, in relation to plants possessed of active properties: and I appreend there is no mode so likely to obviate the difficulty-if not to correct the evil-as a complete list of those local appellations. The time f flowering, given in this catalogue, is intended to designate the period when the flowers begin to open. From the observations of twenty years, I find the range in the date of their appearance,--especil- ly in our spring flowers,-is about ten days: and I have accordingly noted the beginning, middle, and latter end of each month, with reference to such range. Under the impression that it would be interesting, and indeed of practical utility to the cultivators of plants, I have annexed to the time of flowering, the tim at which the fruit is matured, so far asI have had occasion to observe the fact: leaving a blank where the date has escaped notice, to be filled by future observations. In giving the habitat, my object was first to mention the general character of the soil, or situation; and then to refer to some particular locality, in which I had found the plant-unless it were so common as to render such reference superfluous. To these I have subjoined the usual size, or height of the plant, with us; and also the prevailing color of its flowers. As the knowledge of natural objects is chiefly desirable on account of their properties,-whether useful or pernicious,-I have briefly noticed such of our plants as are endowed with either character;--more par- ticularly those which are known, or reruted, to possess valuable properties, in medicine, rural economy and the arts. To the catalogue of our native and naturalized plants, I have added an Appendix, containing a list of those which are cultivated, in this vicinity, for the sake of some useful property. My object in this was, in the first place, to afford an idea of the number and character of those plants which engage tie attention of our practical farmers, and gardeners, at the present day, as articles of utility. It seemed to me, that by throwing them into a distinct groupe, it would exhibit a somewhat interesting view of the actual extent of our vegetable culture, as well as indicate the plants which are now deemed most valuable, or best adapted to our soil and climate. In the next place, I thought it might be gratifying to some of our young Agricul- turists, who are attending to Natural Science, to have the objects of their annual care and labor presented to them in a botanical point of view; and that it tot-lit possibly induce them to acquire such additional knowledge of those objects as would lead to beneficial reults, in practice. I am particularly desirous that our young Farmers should blend a portion of scientific research and observation with the labors of the field. So far from its being idle, or unprofitable, I sincerely believe it would promote their most substan- tial interests;-whilst I am very sure it would add to their stoci of rational pleasures, and elevate the char- acter of their profession. Having said thus much in relation to the origin and general design of tiiiQ Catalogue, it remains to add a few words touching a circumstance which will probably subject me to the charge of temerity, if not of presumption. I allude to the change that I have ventured to suggest, mn the name and position of the Lin- naan Class, Icosandrie. I am by no means friendly to idle or wanton innovations in scientific arrange- ments, or language: nor would I have risked the imputation, in this instance, if I had been engaged in any thing of more consequence than a mere local Catalogue. But while it still remains in some degree uncer- tain how the Classes of the Sexual System will be finally settled, I thought there could be no great harm in suggesting, in such a performance as this, an alteration which seemed to me to be an improvement. The Class ICoSANDRIA is unquestionably a highly natural one-of which the name, given by Linnaeus, conveys no accurate idea: and yet his attention to the naaie, evidently led him to exclude from it some plants which, in my opinion, ought to belong to it. It is called cosandria, because the greater number of the Genera belonging to it have about twenty stamina. But this is by no means the essential character of the Class; for Linnetus himself says, "Pro charactere tamen von assumendus eSt NUMERUs, cum onines polyandri staminibus parieti interno calycis insertis (non vero receptaculo) hve amandandi sint." It is the insertion of the stemnma upon. the calyx which marks the true character of the Class; and I humbly con- ceive that all hermaphrodite plants thus characterized ought to be referred to the same Class, without regard to the number of the stamina. Hence I can perceive no good reason why the genus Ribes, which has btt five stamina, may not be introduced into this natural assemblage, as well as Eugenia, Rosa, and some others, in which the stamina are very numerous. Neither of those Genera have any pretension to the fseru IcoSA*RIA, strictly speaking: yet they certainly all agree in the essential characteristic of tIA PREF A CE ve3t Class. Tfhe same remark may be made in re'lation to some othter genera, wicn the later Botanists have al- ready transferred thither,--althou h they have fewer than twenty stainina,-such as A rimonia, Cutphea, &c. and it might probably be ext' 1n"Ied with propriety still fur~ther, so as to comprehend Xlelecstorna, and tideed every other genus in which the ,taminaa (and the petals, wen present,) are inserterd regularly upon the inner edge, or rim, of a concave monophs-llous perianth. It 'a as from tis vijew of the subject, that I was induced to pecawre the name of (LvrsexensmtRA, as being more approriate, and correct. This term is expressive of the true character of the Class; and is sustained by analogy in the Lirnman name, (Jynanri. Every Botaist will at once perceive the nature of the suigestion: ur.n wxill form his own opinion whether or not it is worthy to bte enitertained, or considered. Very proibably tie 01(d name, having been hmoe ( by the treat founder Of the Sexual :system, and consecrated by long usage, will continue to be preferred-althugl-ike the nato Ortolcr for the T~enth montli, it does not express what it means. Certain, it is, howxever that aveneraticn. for high authority has not deterredl the 'Moderns from abolishng- whole Linreman lasss, wahtever eqfect it may have in preventing the modification of Linman Names! But dct the decision, in this instance, be what it may, it is deemed unnecessary to enlarge upon a proposition so obvious in its chiaracter. I shall content myself with having respectfully submitted the idea; and will dis- iss the subjiet wiihout further remark, -exespt inerely to observe, that I have placed this Class after Poly/andt ia for the sake of keeping in rtt itttieterivup.'cd ."rrec all the Classesa which are founded upon the atuttber of ste stamna. I cannot in justice conclude withouit ackanowledging the oblii ;tions I am under to a few botanical friends for their kind and liberal aWr, dluring the proras of this Essay'PoI the 11ev. Alt. Scriwmrc~iz, in par- ticular, I am indebted for information, wahich Ia" o0f tee gteatest ad rantag;e to toe in determining many of our plants. Thit etleman v its so obi tina; a', to caucuse the treater portion of nty doubtful specimens; awl to lavor toe a'jitli his opinionis,-and mny itere sting rensarks,-of which i have been careful to avail mayseilf MY lamer tr- friend, the late Docrport W1t_ t t BAnW tN, (who was born ands edtucated in this vicin- ity.) attreid me much important assistance dniiittg the earlher petriod of my researches; and indicated the localities of a number otf our rarer pilants. Had is valuable lite beena longer spared, my catalogue would doubtless have been less imperfect-net tr say nmere worthy tf the notice of tree cultivators of American Botany. To hinm I submitted my suggestion, relative to changing the iname, and locatiott, of the Linnwan Class, Icosandria; and it was his decided approbation of the proposition, which emboldened me to present it to the votaries of the Science. To my friends Z kccaLxtes CottoNs, E~squire, anti Mr. D. SrTiINHA~urR, of Philadclphia, I am also under many oblig ations, for their Itiitese antd attention, itt examinitng specimens, anad otherwise aiding me in my inve-tig ations. After this catalogue went to press, I had the good fortune to commence an occasional correspondence with that distinguisherd Naturalist, PReueorso T1oetssa, of West Point; which correspondence has, to me, been a source of instrutctioti and pleasure-alloygad only by a regret that 1 had not earlier enjoyed that dvantage. For the information, and specinens, received front himn, I beg lcave here to offsr my sincere and grateful acknowledgments. k It may be satisfactory to those at a distanice, who mayi honor this catalogue with a glance at its contents, to state, that the Borough of 14'ist-Cheter,-in and aretunrd which the enumerated plants awere collected,--is the County Town, and Seat of Justice of Chester cobunty, Peninsylvania. It is situated about two miles East of the Eastern branch of Brandywine Creel;,--and about three miles, North Easterly, from the junction of the two maita branches of that stream; live miles Souith of the great Limestone Valley, iaoich extendse from the Schuylkill to the Susqtiehanna; sixteen miles North Westerly from -Wilmningto n, Delaware; and twenty three miles Wtvest of the City of Philadelphtia. The ground, on which the Villagc statnds, is hiigh,--being, in fact, the dividing ridge between the waters of the Brand3 av e, and Chester Creek; and the face of the adjacent country is sontewhat hilly, and irregular. The soil is moevtl a stiff loarn-- sometimes quite clayey-and generally in a Highly inmproved state of culture. Abou two miles North of `Vest-Chester, there is an elevated slaty district~or stripe of land, from ttvo to tthree miles :vtde, which rtins South of, and parallel with, the Great Valley,--extendling from N. E. to S. \V ttnein by the name of "the Barrens." Immediately Souith of the Slaty Barrens, is a vein of tarpentin :ock, which occseiutially rises in rugged, broken spurs, that are extremely sterile; and upon which are to [e found semrne plIants that seem to be peculiar to that kind of soil--such as the Tor~itttai, sclcria, Ath.ercrpcgo00, <; IN THIS CATALOGUE. orr t Nt iterfecting the ftrnit. -(11UCn 'or linear, acute, and 1,-ill ; I'l tI ac~m o n beirtttll ry. ,. I- 'l>' i-ta prcz -which --re affixed to the 13t't :" 1t -IW to the wood.it J, /- i p~n int ait surly tapering mirtnt. eit r ii in int an an le; not rurundea. A !h rio, ,,ie tI ~ictowing to. oi t ~on the sasme receptacle: or ,,1 l .ay topn caly x V .t a vt in acombranouas border Pa-- aru st- cales irra i en l on a 5.ttO- 'nrctet or clas-tng thensterat. tIi 11 i to fl attwth two Opposite 14-iting mile -ad female flowers -a t oi atta s'.moe al-ant, or spike. P lie kanab, or cap.tl,- contaitting the p0]- ar v sxippo.teti oit a filament. ivt:n",_"vt irax ow a cot -ilsa or petals. I 1 "ti 50' -itt, or end. ;:soe 1. Priesed to, or squeezad close. _Sfretn'te. Garowing near each other. A.il .tte. AppiedI to seeds which have a loose ou=rcoat, (ot arillas,) that falls off' spontane- -;s1 -.s !A'wned: hav-intg awos. I--a 11 Havin athttornas, (rpricckles. 4us-n /a;t aat--raalually bctween a hiorizonital - r -ticat positton. Av'ait eat. Rising in a curve from a declined hase A1ttM'atta~t. Tapering gradually till it becomes slen- A-'a-ictel ilt c itot libing; mostly by means of tendrils. hatiry ico'v"'ing. sct'-' A petdun,-ie riroceeding directly from the Pit/p. A gecit flesht or itticy nmss.ti aid mnostly leafleses. Pit/i-c, tt/et. Powdery or du0 isty. 'S"rrr 'r Diry and skinny, generally transparent. Ji'ntate. Dotted otr0 srinktledl with colored specks.S, i 't'"t. Stiait'itr withtout any regular order. Tagn.sappitd or pr ickly. A; 7<,I~tr 'Sh-i ed like a sauicer. J'rnldl ae it upaids.S:ca. C I aik(-d aill itirned towards one side. Q ;r tJit itus In I directions: facing, or pointing' ~Se i tuits Tbe hrts 11nto which a calyx, corolla, 4~~~ ways lef &,; is cu, or divided. Qtua te. H-aving 5 letflets; or growingr iti fives. Sf-i Hall. 1/iteete. A mole of flowveing in whiich iWec pedumi Sotr-,wr ci ki J 'ving, through the winter and re- ilhas short I-attral pe'dici'ls; ' thte ;trtap, Lce tiii its verduce. kbt ittias Havix tile flower s in iracemles; or ap- 5ct 1cr st Srilky: covered with very soft close- 'troactim' tilt mole. l~rt t d hir R? ahis .11 The ct tri whlich collecits flo~rets ion- S ii 'iteRed: itaving sha rp notches ill the mar- gitnliially in a spike; as in xx'ieat, &c. in pitn toxx it Os tht apex. -Doutbly-serra'oe, Rat/iit lh'vihg irays. Apptliedl into irircind Dlow- hit x ti. sitraturetos otn the large ocues. ere whicht itave spireatding marginal flore. ,Si /"tt Is Teeth re'semibing those of at saw. AMR &it Piroceeding fronti the root: as leaves. &c. Sci"'it/rt " 'Finely serrate' with very small notches, Rut icotit, or Rturicfatiiig. Sendiitg otit roots, or oi tc th. striking root. .Scssilec Sitting -lose , xiitowit any footstalk. Radic 'The little fibrous branch of a root. ,',aar"iottt or Sstiyot'ni bristle form; or resembling Ramiose. Branching. a brissle in si'te 'tnd it ;re. 1-Rays. Tlhe soreadling florets round the moaregin of a I S& ose. 131 istt: hexving the surface set with bristles, componcid flower. Also the mtarginail fitwris of an oi stiill sir'aight hatirs. umbel. a '4e it/i I le poiloti"'tioit of a leaf down the stem Receptacle. Thte base which conttects and supptorts x-' itch it embeacec; a5 itt the grasses, &c. the oilher parts of the fruictiftcation. .Sheathied. 'I'vin, am sdeath. .Rc-'tt'et/ Cutrxedol iwnwards,. .Shi 'iii. Glossy, rit ht. hefleired. B'ent back so as nearly or quite to touch .S'hi it/ A smaldl wvoody plan-t, branching near ths lie stern or pedutnc g irounid, Regttut-. Having similar parts equal amnrg them- iSi/ode. A little Silique; whose lentgth and breadth selves. iree ntearly eotual. Ratmote. Seated or groxwing at a distance. Si/oie. An oblong, iembranaceotis, two valved Rentiiforsu. S/taped like a kidney: roundhish and hoi pitctarp ihlaving; the seedsi fixed along both sutures- loxv at base, wtithout angles. I sompl/ Uttdivided: not biranchedi. Rpttr d Leaif. leaving an angular margill, withi slhar iitutie. Having routndied incisions, or large cuirved lowv sinuses between, as if cut out by segments of breaks in the margin; as in the leaves of many of circles. the Oaks. Tirsep' natle Turned as it were lul-side dlown. Sinitretc art ate H-aying serratures hollowed out. 1Ie/ti/ate. Netted: lhavinig veins crossing each otdt 'iouts A. bay: a rounded incision- er likei net wvore.. .s'ticel-. Thitt, or narrow; or both. Ret'o-nuirteate. Ha'ving prickles pointinig back. .o/t-tt y. Sxitaning alotne: one in a place. r/o cy Pinigbkwards. iPA A *stem-like receptacle proceeding from 1v GiLOSSARYt1. 4i7atlaCc-Oi's E ving a srathle. TuinentoSP. Covere'i vita fine downy oJr cottony, .Sp'itlii A sheath a kind of calyx wich first en- pubescencen steod toge tier. closes the i ower, and afti i it expan Is, is often left Toothud. Sec dentate. a disance blow it. Sometimes it retains the spa- or om. Swelling out in riigee, or knobs clix in its cavety; as in Sy niploicarpus. 1'a urts Stveliiin a little ini ridges. S'pailitt or S,)(,talatc. Like a s patula: roundish Ti mdi ois. Hing three' stasimens. above, with a lone, narrow, linear base. i-ii gtt/ur Haviing threec corners, or points. S'peoies. The fouirth, oi lowvest piemanent division ii ribiactcate. Hlaving, three bractes, or floral leaves. Of stural objects in a syste matic arraiigement. L ricospida/e. H-aving three points. Specifi- Belonging to, oi distinguishing the species. I ifau oetR Facing, or pointing, three ways. Spike. A mode of flowvering, in which ses~sile flow- Lilid. Three-cleft. era are arrainueed along a common, simple peduncle. Is Ti/aliatr Having three leaves, or the leaves arra:- Spike/cet. A little spike; or one of the subdivisions Iged in threes. of a spike. ITizonous Three cornered. .miiie. A Tliu-n: a sharp process proceeding from Lil-ynois. Having three styles. the wood. L Tilu/aae. Hauving three louses. Spiiiesceist. Becoming thorny; or inclining to be Tic peta//ed" Having tliiee petals. thorny. rii niiiite Leaf. When a petiole has bipinnate Spiniose, or S'pinouis. Thorny; armed with thorns, leaves ged on each sid- tif it. Spits. The hiiiiier fart of the nectary iii some flow- Tripuiiuiit, fil. A pinnatifidJ le-af with tie segments ers: resembling a Cocks' spur, or a horn. tice pinnatifid. i'Pisurced. Having a spur. T P-igerw as. Three -sided; liaving tlurie flat slides. Sitamsuose. Covered niore or less with scales. Ti'itru-ul. Wluruuaipetiole is biternaite, anut each Sjitfarrose. Having scales with the points widely branch benrin' termate li-aves. divaricating, or spreading every way. Truci-t r Thei enid sapssoing as if cuit off. Stamris. The organ of a flower which prepares the Tttbe. A holow pipe; the lowver hollow cylinder pollen; usually standing next to the germ, within of a mnonopsetalous cotrolsa. the corolla. Tubei-. A knob in iroots, solid, with the component Stniuuinifero.s. Bearing, or supporting the stamens. particles all silr .Sti; mo. The top of the pistil. Tuber-cle. A little rough point, or pimple. ,;Iipe. The little stem which supports the pappus, Tuiberculate. -taving rough points, or tuherec.s in some plants-sometimes also the fruit, as in Cau- Tuberose, or T ubueraus Consisting of, or proda- lopluyllurn. cing tubers. Slip/tlc. Having a stipe. Tubulos-. Having a tube, or being in the form of ,&iputle A leaflet, membrane, or scale, at the base a tube. of a petilel, or leaf. Ti/I. Grooving in a hunch. rS~tlri'r. Belonging to the stipules. Titicate. Coateid: consisting of concentric coats, Staoouifes-ous- Puttting forth suckers. , layers, or membrntes. Striate. Marked or scored with lines, or very so- Tiuribbate. Toplsped. A cone with the point perieia] grooves, downwiarids. ;Yirict. Both stiff and strai ht. Turgid. Swielled; but not inflate!i. Strigas. Armed with small, I g id bristles, tapering 7Torion. The tender shoot of a pilant, iii the spring, totepoint, as Asparagus, H-op, Lc uicuna;ie, or .Sbt-otus,. An ament wvithi woody scales. Tuuin. Two connectedl, o~r erowing together. Style. That portion of the pistil which is between Tij/g sceni ng spirally. the germ and stigma: sometimes wanting. Two-rank-ed. See distichoiis. Sub- Much used in compiosition as a diminutive; in Uinlel. A modte of flowering, where several flow- lieu of somnewh/at, or apperoaciitg to--as sub-cor- er stems div-erge from one place, like the braces date, for somewhat cordate &c. of an mbrella. Suberose. Resembling Cork. Uunbellifroits. Iearing the flowers in unibels. Sublulate. Awl-form: linear below, but tapering Umbe/lules. Partial umbels: the sub-divisions of a above to a sharp point, soil often a little curved. compoiund umbel. Sssecttent- Juicy, full of ,juice. Uiblicate. Having a kiind of central hollow; re- Sucker-. A shoot from the root. semnbling a navel. S'ulcate. Fuirrowved, or grooved. irTnimed. Having no thorns nor prickales. i-r'rdeconspoiend. More than decompounu. Uuuc/sute. H-ookid at the end. Saup -'ioi- Calyx, or Corolla. Seated above, or pro- Undulate. Wavy: rising ansd falling like waves. c -odinig from the upper part of, the gerni. Uneqtul. The parts not coisesponding in size, forth Nutatue. A seam-like junction of two parts; as the and dturation valves of a posd. Unsqstally pinnate. Havitog an odd, terminal leaf~ $yngetteaous. Having the anthers united; wifb1 the let. flowvers compoundt. ,Ungnu/itulate Petal. Having a narrow base, or claw. Sionisios. Different names for the same thing. Unilateral. Gino Xii on one siute of a stein. Tendril. A filiform spiral band, by which a plant is Uriceolate. Shatped like a pitcher. fastened to another body. Uti-iculs. A little bladider, or sac. Teirete. round, or columnar; like a cyvinder. Valves. The several piecas of a pericarp, which Terminal. Proceeding from, or occupying the end, separate naturally on ripening. Also the leaflets Tei-nate. Three-fold. In threes. Three leaflets on composing the c-lyx ansoi corolla of the grasses: one petiole, as in clover, &c. ail the scales wich close the tube, in some cu- - T'eiiadyiiernteus. Having two short, and four long, rollas. stamens. Variety. A plant changecd by some accidental Tetrrtlaoustt. Having fourt angles, or corners, cause: as soil, culture, clinate, &c. but not spe- Tels-aadroiis. Having~ four stamens. ciflcsily distinct. TJeti-apeta.lomts. Havinig tour petals.. Vaulted. Arched like the roof of the motith. `thorn. A sharp pirocess from the woody part of a J-'iined. Having the vreses variously branching plant. -,over the surface. Throat. The orifice of the tiibe, in a ringent corolla. fh'enrisose. Bellied: swelling 010 in the nididnle. Thmjratta. A moide of flowering, consisting of a Pan- IVereumco se. i" l:ry: cpvered with wvit-li .e excre§. bale contracted into an ovate.forin, cene es. GIIOSSVRY. "' who0;1 i owers, or leaives, sutrround- nating on the piant, instend of faliing cil, as usua-i ng i' sten in; a rini Voliw'ilc. Twinirig or ascending spiraily. Vlicllte. Griowin" in v erticils or ivhorls. TKIW. S ee Und ulate. f'il/osu or 1 il/ous coSee wissiii linle sioft har"s; TiLho;l Se~te Verticil. lk '.els et" 1, ;ons The two side-petas of a papilionceour r'reert I ne]ining to green. flower" lso the metubranes affixed to soine per- 'irgile. 1ike a vvand, or slenuder rod. Iicarps, and on the sides of sone petioles. L itu]å Cov ered w~sith ai tenai mrs juice. T'oolly. CQthed with a pubescence resembäng; T,;'paromn Pioducing its offsi ing alive,-either wot bx '2ai r ;ti(rts- hita jii': i . CC nriott ani ri'vule ,s: frequent' 6 to IS inches long. 0t. I- '' -S co rt111 green throti1h the wvin''r. Th's plant varies 11 in?:i2 a.rti featrs.L1(5 : -i '"' tw- otin: Ai-' to a x "' i'1 " 'ioh^ it c'rows';, ani1 otherl cireUnsstanCE'i and I enltirely concur w'ith _Di. A. 11. . Barton (1,ot'. Jtn.lwu ill ~ the op)inionl, that tile C. lint nis, of Puh, is nothing more than a 'riity- 2. CI-NN-\A. A tt. Con. 09, [ilm ancient Greek name, from /crin, to hees; a. supposed qr'ality of the original plant. }fi Tlieis.; CAL. 2 c atvdc,1 floweredl, compressed, nearly equal. Cost. 2 valved, linear,nlaked atbase,shiortystipitae- C. AaRtNflINAcEA. Muhel. Glabrous; panicle large, weak, dorsal valve suh-awned below the apex. Synois. A-ro'a' s Cinna. Pit. Vulro-Reed-like Cmosr~. Ft- Latter end of nol~~urSt. 1'. is i' , 'o' i~ l r aobr. O'bs. A tali. 2 ton f,- ? ii f:*.. Ii-ltar2 la" tho 'n""'"'estinS of 'ch h';h anthnrity as .,oS t ce'neet'an cu l i';i Ut I. 71`t 'l;e t iI in.. 1t (,.!it ,;is piailt OiI"t roCt 17" tiOtsAy n i; rd wtiith a vie x' to oil: (A IA ,'l : V: "I.....t , i 'sOfif. 'tt l,'t r Ii flt'e 'tit ()t'- i n; I Unuts with P ,i.Ihir-ol0 '.r''i 'it' laia"' li vhere. ilhat smuiS .:t-.i ,uf1l. d i' rl'e no'. to Go 'uri' I` ait i.,e l.% .i _tt1 > LASS IDIND A Pa 7oxa ats Iar'-era''r a Corolla isioiopstaoois, rcgulaar' .3. 1,IC'STRtUM. Geon. Pl. 23. [f/pposed to he from the SLat. tiom',I ti-'1 or bind(; from the use nmade of" the branches.i CA L. 4 toothed. Cost. 4 pairted, div isions ovate. B Rasxr eelied, 4 se'tJed. U'" VULO tt. Phi. Leaves lanceolate, acut; p'snicle crowderd. 1"Il n-Privet, or Privy-bush. Prim. El. Lcrincing of June. Fr. soot. rginnirg of 0 'oher, I/bLgisandy soils: along fences, and road-sides: freorient. Clis A1 sihrub, 4, to 6 or 8 feet high: flowers white, berries black. Nativ e of F ;'rope, Obu it^ i",°.;f naturalizedl hero. It was formnerly tried for hedg ing; buidocs tart 'answer rhe purlaore. Tile /caveS dee 'W'I Wtant, anti are ofti'n chewed, or uteri in gargles, as a popuria itemedy for ulcer'S in thes mnith and ,Schazpt saiys the berries afford a purple or black pig-'ri N"r. a~ ut' ill hs oratsr this plant, SI bhrve not met with any plant, in this vicinity, belonging to the ordler orrogyt'rl aof tiral '-- tout' is 1SPOsille Ii5tSti1ttnrr' a 11111Io CCCs tiS } itdiligent setrelie", tb-is the, 1 is u''r 'i" y `e-i' w.s 9-- OI t1pme D UA N D 3. A"AS Q1I 0l1 ]LI L, 4. CIlI()NAl`TttiT4 Mul. C(',a. 9. [Frbml the Gr. Chion, snow, and An thos, a fluower; froit ite sot-hite;,Ii.a:-.. CAL. 41 cleft. CoR. deeply 4 parted; dieisons ion~ lin. D rru P: 1 seeded"1. 7Vu/: stliO C. VIROTNIC.A. 1Mars/toll. Peduncles mostly tithrede flu vcer; hcaves oval, cntir?. Vdgo-Fringc tree. Snow-dr op tree. 'Whbite ash. Fl. Beginning of June. 1-'eu-t, I Hlab. [lilly woodlandls: r: nls of the Prandy liv, :leal I Aoit s'1 l:2' ,i Obs. A. sm-l, branching tree. ;2 to -') le at 1~i 1 ¾ muh a. inin d u-is1 i"' rn^-i~ S1ica:t etebodli7xlv.itoan.) the hark of the root brisedl, an ' alp'ted to I.es .' uvlu It' va /10 b V the tn i'n Curing thens without suppturation: hut ''u/ic pjc' u. to Jar nielyI ih di/-f/rdecd in n/0ern~ su ar} b. Corolla ,nnoottetr'toasi -un 1" i' [Etymology ohecur-e: iDoe-haae says-, Nonlien h.5b t a I'f'nii< . l n. C - fo/nonaP.2 oivelt~l' CAL. 4 parted. Cort. rotate, 4 lobed; lower ""''maid~~l nrimONet. CAP. " 2 Celled O bcrd i- §1. Flowersa in a iirliiru1 t ICe ie V. EnPYLLTFOLIA. Sm. Cyclovel(. Raceme somewhat spiked; leaves ovate, siigiy Cteliatc, emcee'- Vt/J;o-Smooth Speedwell. Paul's Betony. Thyme-leaved Veronicea. F/. Middle of Mlay. Fr. vi"It. Mdiddle Of June. Hub. Fields and roadsides: common. 2 to 6 inches high l: rlowers pale bluc, striped. § 2. Flowcers int lateral r'actmcs. V. os'FTCsNAI~is. Si. Cyel. I'Lacemnes pedunculate; leaves obovate, hairy; stemn procumbent, roi gh-haired. i /go-Common, or Male Speedwell. .Pl. Last of May, and after. Fr'. Anat. Last of July, and after. .flab. Dry, sandy banks: woodlands, anti roadsides: common. About 1 foot ions : flowers pale blue, veined. Obs. Linims and Sclimpf say it is vulnerary and tonic; but it is probably little worth, as a medicine. V. ANAGALLTS. SIn. Ciycl. Racemes opposite, long, loose; leaves lanecolate, serrate; stein erect, smooth. Vulgo-Long-leaved Brookline. Pimpernel. Water Speedwoell. Fl. Beginning of Juane, and after. Fr. too(et. lie ginning o: Auigust, and after. Hob. Ditches anti rivulets: frequent. 12 to IS inches high: flowers blue. V. I3ECCAEUNGA. Sin. Cycl. Plant smooth, lucid green; leaves ovad, fiat, crenate; stem creeping- Vulgo-Brooklime. Wallink. RF. Last of May, and after. Fr. gnet. Last of July, and after. Hub. Spring heads, andI rivulets: frequent. 9 to 1S inches long: flow ers blue. Obs. Continues green through the winter; and is closely allied, in habit, with the foregoing. The ex pressed juice is a popular remedy for croup, or cynanche trachealis: andi certain Empircs, among the Germans, prescribe the herb, (under the name of It allink ,) in cachectic cases-to be taken in infusion. Its virtues, however, arc believed to be very trifling, if any. § 3. Flower's solitary. V. AcoxgSTIS? Pilose; branches assurgent; stem leaves ovate, crenate; floral leaves lanceolate, entire. Fl. Beginning of M;ay. Fr. ia. Beginning, of June. H~ab. Fields, roadsides, and exsiccated swamps: frequent. 2 to 6 inches high: flowers pale blue, caducous. Ohs. I have been a good deal puzzled with this species. Dr. Baldwin and Mr. Schweinitz both pro- nounced it V. agrestis; otherwise I should unhesitatingly have set it down as the V. etrecasis of Smith, andl Elliott. The lower, or stein leaves are opposite, ovate-cordate, incised-crenate; the floral leaves are sub- sessile, alternate, lanceolate, entire, or sometimes incised near the base; flowers on short )aeduncles, not one- third the length of the leaves (Ste Sowth); corolla shorter than the calyx, (See Ell.) anA remarkably cadu- cons. capsule ciliate. There is some confusion anti difficulty in the :case, which I anm unable to elucidate. V. PirEF.T:GNA. Sit,. Cycl. f'lowers sessile; leaves oblong, obtuse, toothed or entire, smooth; stein erect- Viclgo-~Knot-grass-leaved, or Purslane-leaved Speedwell. Neckweed. Fl. Beginning of May. 17r. at. Beginning of June. .1lab. Gardens, anti other cultivated grounds: commton. 4 to 8 incites high: flowers white, small. Obs. This species is said to have been found useful in sotne scrophlulous affections; and hence the name, "Neckweedl." See Bartoe's i/led." andi Phys. Journal, Vol. 3, part 1, p. 24. All the species here enunme- rated htave been supposed. to be naturalized foreigners; (See i/Vist. S& Elliott.) thoutgh Dr. inith (Cijrlepe'md.) notes them all, excopt V. afire.-tis, as natives of ouw cowntry. Ysl,4e\ ORIA. MON OQYNIA. s. 1 5T NDN A. Nait. Ceo, 12. [From the Gr. Topic', siledr anid _Awir adros, male; in reference to the fructification.] ,'AL 5 pal'd .c r,. tubhular ecamj cc ulate, border 4 lobed, unequal. CAPrS, ovate, acunminate: L . vl°Ir \ .I R f 7 " ' n erect; leaxves verticillate; spikes terminal, longy. Sqeox7 'i V ''re'c"' ' lr .1 c-"".Ci0'cr. IF Cc -TalVerlonica. Virginian Speedwell. 7"!. 7 1 r. , cl. Latter end of Septemrber. Jib. ani borders -.I woocilands: frequent. 2 to 5 feet ihigh: flowers white. (1,5. :. ttalI -ho so are to, this from the foregotne -Genus, remlark;s that the leaves are "jeer sim't l iy oi" i't'A, o ic cc;''C but i lcalic seveoral specimens wvitli rihe leaves altogether ternate. 1. 7. GRATOLA. Nthet. Con, it; i Lat. Cp'atil, grace, or favor; onl account of its supposed medical virtues.] li,. .. j ar ted. Con. tubular, resupinate. Steem. 4, 2 sterile. CAPS. dissepiment coctrary to the vailve'tw G. vine ic . E.U. Stem assurgent, mostly terete; loaves oval-lanceolate, attenuate at base, toothed. l.7 Begconing oi Juice, andi after. Ii" nett Iast of Juice, ande after. 11ec. Low, muddy places; ponds, kc frequent. 4, to 10 or 1 inches high' flowers yellow, or dirty white. (1ra. There is considerable variety in the apoearanc e of thcs plant; -end, I fuink, some confctsion and ohs, i cy inc the descriptions oc it. I_ subncctted imy specimecs to -Mr. Scri'n'tz, wh'o thinks they are all, prcobeby, mere vae'eetu'c of G4s .c .Qllia act'coug I tice 'Pences in some cistances, ice sulbtetraconous, and the prii-cl( s" early .s lon ccas 6 t .a'e. Onee sl ecmen frum the locks of 1Bcandn'! cc'. floavforing as late az Cc'''ouIr., (tube yeil lb ~ci' xxii to e ctlc a tim-e ofi red,) Mr. S. thccnks is thc Gs cac'o/iniicco. of IeCne ccct i its ;,n 1a .,att cc 'c ce'.'inbes the oethers.. ICCne TI"NDfRNIX. Nutt Cen 15. [So naemed in hcocnor of F. B. voen Liccdm'c, a Germaca Botanist.] Cr.5 parted. Con;. tubular, bilabiate. Stean. 4, 2 longer sterile. CAPrS. dissep. parallel with the valves; L. DCLATATA? Ell. Leaves oblong-ovate, subaneplexicaul; peduncles square, nearly as long as the leavei Stynonc. L. pyxidaria? P/c. Gratiola anagalilidea? 111!, ilgo-Pincpernel. Ft.- Middle of July till September. F,,-, mat. Middle of August, and after. Huab. Loav, saampy grounds: Patton's ; Brandywine: frequent. 4 to 8 inches high: flowers pale blue. Ohls. This plant closely resembles Gratiola, in habit. The capsules, icc my specimens, are quite as long - as tile caly x; (See Parshi.) accd ici no inst-ce is thce peduncle "longer than the leaves." _(See E1liott.) Yet I hcave th e a'uthcrccy of _Mo. 8chweinitz foi thea. bove odsignation. 9. ('AT XLPAX. Thctt. Glen. 16. [AR namne said tc. li ate been derived from ouir Southern Indians.] Cx.2 p-aited. Con. 5 parted, ventricose. Staie. 2, withc 2 or 3 sterile filacnents. CAPs. long, cylindrical. C. corpser LIEl Leaves cordate, acuminate; flowers in panicles. Spoon. C.s rcny~efohia. P/h. Bignonia catalpa. illd/. ,Cec. Vi/g o-Catawvba. Bean tree. F. Latter end oi June. Pr. met. Mliddle of October. Habh. Gcavelly 901l Jos. Taylor's; Great-v alley hills: not concmon. Oibs. A branching, ornamental tree, 12 to 20 feet high: flowvers variegated, yellowvish white, dotted with purple; eleg-antly tigccured in ,..,'s .Aebrec JPor-estirs e~a L.'Aeeiqee. It is rarely to he met with, except celbout old settleccents; where it has evideintly been introduc~ed, I have obs erved it, occasionally, to be corn' pletely Didyicamous. 10. UTRICULAIII.X. NafI. Con.. 19. [So eamned from the Utricuelii, or little bladdets, attachedl to its leaves.] CA. 2 leaved. Cute. ringoect, spurred. CAPS. globular, 1 celled, many seeded. TT. vucLec~xns. Bart-. Rl. P01 N'ectary conical; upper lip reflexedl at tice sides; scape upright. Va/lgo-Bl3adder woort. I- ooded mlilfoil. Fl. Latter end of June. rp. cent. flab. Poad, near cte fork s of Bcrandywicne: rare. Flowvers yellow. Oibs. About 20 yca s a~ n I foundi another s'):icee ice. this s'cec,,wich dcc late Professor Baxrtoni pro- cxounccd to be Ui. sol~ace e b-ct I Its:4 cotC met will ittC wN .D 1iND 1 A. MONd 0i(J X'NiA. *Corel/u, iii ipetci/is: I&oe' MOMa// hibioteA: Ir "UrK,' 11. JiVCOlUS- N. 1 t ir ic. 21. p~ie koa, t wolf, and Fouts a fool: etoi vol d l''te S creCdeCL'st hllisc lants' olia01:2 '(i'" il'-1' ref~lri ci Bu'rS 1 CA.. .5 toothed. Co.. 4 lobed; up~per segment broader, and eroarginae. SEED's 4, r. twre. IGnTsreSote Ell. Creave" hread-l ar'ceoiste, serrate, taperiing at base; c.!y>: acote, sh1orter" thanrl the seeds9. r Jui; o-eWater TIorelhound. P-7 .IY-dele of Stink, aini aftei F)-. mot. TV 'ile of October. Svnrp", and moist woodi1"ecis. coir-inon. 12 to IS Incline hqig lowerls white; in wvhorls." ;M,~s The e'ic/qH which Purs'h call" errc/e/zsus (if, iiileeit, it ben't i iltit 'o c-n s") is 'A n nen= =nhi vicinity. It is saidl to be a priiieiii aiehie waith certain n0h it' ,i it s, tiioii lur lby tii i of -'L',ncotr-r Doctors,''"n %,ri troial Ow li infusion asi a sonicr i'1I rni-y lir wiait, thn y i-tltl a i),, r .-Iioe nie i;isIa n lt ih te tc~,alit;al ~ch loto :'hs r lens persons who e.sort thiither---or send their uiile. 12. CJNIL. . Nilf. (in;. 2, [A niamei horrowei from she ancienst 1toroan natoesli' s t'i inr'li igy ineertain.] 6 as. c'ylindrical, 5r toothed. Cot. ringent; upser Il1' erect, flit, einai mpate. Shusi 4l, 2 ste iE i ;v/senA A.. Ell. Lea-ves opposites sessile,-ovate, slightly serrate, to' ~''l; cor-nia ohs rolary and herin:_ 0,. Last of Judy till October. F7r. moott. M\1iddle of Sepitens> r. aix toift_ :j MetS. Dry hills and woodlands: Barrens, absundant. Ahont 1 foot high: flowers ;gale 'urpl ,. (sos A pleasant. aromiatio herb. The infusion is popular, and deservedly so, as an agreeablelbi- ror ttiapltoet.c draught.' 1.3. H-ED EOMA. Niat. Gcii. 23. PehaRps froin thie G7. _U'-dgs, Saedeos, sweet, or pleasant ; on accomnA of its fragrance.] CSAL. bilabiate, gibbous at base ; dentures subulate. Con. ringent. '¾Mie: 4, 2 5 ici, I;. ?.c.momcxs Ell. Leaves oblong, sorrate ;Pfowers ax illary, vecticillate. - in. Cooi~s potleg iides. lieart, siN I'f 'd. &e. I iilgo-Pemoiyro}-al. 'i Begitmisng of A-ugost. F;'. mewit. Last of Setembeir. F. M Dry, g;raveliy soils : i eld ', readN 'ec 'a c. common -t in i) iniw;'s li> : Durwers lis 107l Obin A-es:' filand '":rinly cmonn'it lierb. I'.: iacti 6 i tics earnn sid-'cnti- it, 1ON NUDA. Nat'. Grim. 24. "[So namedc in honor of '-ie'ao/s AIonfanmtcea, a Spanish B'otanist:] CAL. 5 toothled, cylindric. Con ingent; tumbe long; upper lip linear, enclosing thle PIlainents. >1otaLms- Ph. 1-loary-pobeacant; exterior bractes cordate-ovate; corolla hairy; apex of the galca beared. "iioss. Al. ailop hylla. M4X. TH. oblongata? Mu/ld. Vatlgo-Jhorse mint. Wild Ilorgenmot. ' i ,. Latter end of July. Fr. mn. Midib of Septeimber. f bt Sandy banks, and fenice-rowvs; along ' Beandywinec: frequent. About 2 feet hig"h: flowers rone- Obs. A secies enmbracinig numerous suiiet/ea; as TMiohaux has justly remarked. tnt FISTU.LOSA. Phm. Sparsely hirsute; heads proliferous; exterior bractes oblong, acnte; pehioles ei~. j Fl Middle ot July. Fr. miut. Beginning of September. 1 5,b Fence-rowic, &c raioing Br aidywine: fisequent. About 2 feet high: flowers green°ish white. Otfs. This, and the foresoin ;, arc indiiscriminately known by the conmon names of iflorsemnint, and Wild f uigamut. They Isave been useil. in infosion, in seme cases of gravmel, with apparent bfO;it;nd are quite º.lar as a remeody inl that comnplaint-though I believe the relief affured is rarely durable. 15. - SALVIA, Numtt. Geo. 25. ` ~ [From the Lat. solcure, to save; from its supposed med/cal powers-] .im tubular, hilabiate. Con. ringent. Stuam. 2 fertile; the filaments transversely pedicelate., vsuA ill. Radical leaves lyrate; stem nearly leafless, retrorsely pubiesoens. Vt/o- eadow Sags Wild Sage. Cancer weed. '-7. Le:tter codl of .11-a z:, and after. Fr. meta. Beginning of Suly. - O.sterite mneadow banks, and woodlands: frequent. 12 to 1S inches high: flowversiNue. f Mr".01Eiiiott says the fresh radical leaves bruis'ed and apslied to wvarts: will :.eimneraliy reusove tl'emt- BINDA MG F.Y1AA .- i Ct}LL1TSNA l T 1. Ceo. 2i. I ':'; ''t!_i P-tre C/P' pne.r o ef (teor; 2 arnof botanioal science.] i~ i..PIACV pei l! 2I<'t~il, OWA LiA.Cc-,-. unequally 5 lobed; lower lobe fringed_ ('. ~ ~ e~ 1\i';,, P , .__<< ,3 ', ,s_^~ palol compound, te-rminjal. id:r0.liji'' -_'eSl- l '. Fmet. Beginning of October. 1 nm I to2 fet hgh:flowers yello.. i'in r .se'' wrent'i s large and gliobular. Selnef enumerates sev'erMd dis- 'I i'npiyd The 'large soft leaves; are sometlee IICLi 17 CRC'A _nes. ae. 27epl. :e oy aauclei, from (lite, the fabled c.hantres of antiquity.1 2 lealCl (Con. 2 etalled. Ca,,P. ct his' id" 2 I reled not or'emor}T. C. :1\`_ .l:r stR'! n"' e'rect; cae 01 "e C£tet i na71' ., von'wln 2¾ bou I'7. Beginin -of Jal;. 1_''' ma! flter(" 'A f;'A l; . Ntub. M1oist woioofand=l:, a:' ci:commlon. 1 . to Iices hi~~l n 0ox'i s rc'di _h wite, 01,. Schc-pf, 'a ' a 'l: (;ri hi dits 1ni --ca inmber of our plants, 's'a i. tnleave, *re tl: just.Eaxnltsicn ;un: Ii' tum ors. i1. 'iec'ta n'i.i2Ci ;:C- IS. FJ7IAXiTNUtS. Yut'. O'en. '18S. ['Dhe Latin nanec, of the Ash I te'e:S Ltynmology obscure.] Ib 9_Clg Mo a: CALe.. 0, or I parted. Con. 0I, Or' 4petalled. Sxeexe.A I seeded 1!kingf- lanceolate. F . ^nCA A- .Me. rkFoibles pctiolate, oval-lanceolate, acumilnate, sl ightly toothed, glaucoGUS beneath. *"yuoa. F. discolor. 31-th1. F. alba. AL- o-salcl. F. acurninata. Ph. Vd o-W1hite Ash. 1'!. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. er-il Woodlands; low meadow grounds; fence rows, &c. common. 40, to 60 or 80 feet hig h. 01)s The leaves in M\ichaIux's plato (Ark-Les Forest.) do not ex:actly corrTeriond with my specim~ens Tfh eeis v ery valuable for its timber; wich is much~ used by wiheeesnin 'ils, cnach-makers, kec. F. AracDcirtLIA. (Ur. iC/b. F'olies sessile, ovate-lancola te, serrate, roiendi at base; branchesdotr ,t,'qspon. F. nigra. .41or shall. fbV/go-Blac;k a-i. '. sdc cc cii~ ash. W'ater a sb Fl. Last cf April. Fr'.ato. Hub. Wet, lowV ground1Cs: rivulet and cr'eek sideCs: not so common. 20O to =1 ±",t. 1:1;1, 0"eTis svrecies is neither so large nor so valuable as the forogoing 1.9. .ANTI-IOXANTTUMI. it!. Gemn. 71. tCr. Ant boa, a flower, and Abm'thos, yellowv: t111 spikes of flowers inclining to that color.) C/n.2 valved, 1 flowered. "Con . 2 valved], acuminate, awned from near the base. S/camin uch exsertli A. OOrus. Ell. Spike oblong, ovate; flowers sub-pedunenlate, longer thlau thle awn. Vsnlgo-Sx'iet-scented vernal grass, .n. Middle of May cod after. F),. met. Latter end of June, and after. lieS~. Meadows, andl borders of woodlands: coneinon. 12 to IS ichles hligh. Or/s. T is grass emits a very grateful odor, wlsen cut, and partly dry. lIt is anative of Emurope; but he' b)eome extensively naturalized here. In all botanical works, arranged~ aiccording tn the Sexual .Syst,',,7 think tis plant as ilt t, ''' placed inl thfe elfagsn fl:isXix fre is there, undotmtedles, the student vold1 f5;" t. 1,j ro iti CLASS lLl `TRIANDRJA ONOVYIZA. . FLOWS m''vSUPERI OR. I. Co apliIit 20. FEDL\. 11"t. Grn .:10? [Meaning obscure,: snpposcd to be from Fedlus, an ancient Laitin weord fur Ti'rduas, a h'id) CAL. 3 or 4 toothed. Con.. 5 cleft. Cal's. crowned with the persistent calyx, 3 ecllel . V. RiAD~ITA. Bcert. Ti-. Phil. Dichotomous; leaves snatluslnte-oblong, opposite; flowers terinhal 8!;n~on. Valeriana olitoria. Wi/Ild. I'el,1o--Lamb's lettuce. Corn sallad. B2 eginning of Mlay. F)". gnat. Hab. Meadow bank, at Brinton Darlington's: rare. 4 to 10 inches high: flowers blueirlh white. Ohs. I have seen this plant in great abundance, and of a larger size, near Strashurg, in L.aucoste: cojelr: but it is very rare here. I cannot think, with Dr. W. P. C;'. Barton, that it is indigenoue,-at It ?st in tii? Beighborhood. The radical leaves are used as a sallad, in Europe, and in some of our cities. It has beenl~ siwn- posed useful in cases of renal calculi: and Boerhaave, according to Schcepf, says, "Hypochondriacoruic -auinmum est solatium."' Certainly a comfort of easy acquisition. b. Flowers inconiplete. ' 21. IRIS. No/t. Gen. 34. ?romn the hues of the flower resembling those of the Rainbow.] CAL. spa/he, 2 valved. Cost. 6 parted; alternate segments reflexed. Sti-)wos petal-form. 1 . vIRGtnsCeA. Ph. Flowers beardless; stein ancipital, longer than thie len.ves: capsules c1;blen~ anup/os sodtcste, tijnon. I. versic~olor. TPorrey; not of Ph. nor of the South, secund. Sehweini/z. Vis/go-I.Vdd I'la'u * Fl. Latter endlof May F.mat. Ilaeb. Low, wet places: Dungeon bottom: rather scarce. 2 to 3 feet high. Obs. A handsome plant; flowers blueish purple, somewhat variegated-with the base of the outer petals yellow. ~.i FsLowstss 5NFEitIOR. a. Coronar anonopetalous. .22, RETERANTHERA. Beavv'ois, in Act. Phi/adl. 4. p. 173. [Gr. le/eros, different, and A.nthera, an anther; the anthers in the same floswer being dissimilar.] CAL. spathe, 2 to 4 flowered. CoRt. tubular; limb 6 parted. Anthers, 2 linear, I triangular. C Ars. 3 celled, x F.VETrnMCI Bart. Ptl. Phil. Leaves roundish, reniform; spathe 3 or 4 flowered. Nyssone If. cuts. Ph. Leptanthus reniformis. 111'. Nutl. Gen. 40. )7t I ost of July, and after. Fr. mat. Mriddle of October. kAfc. Swaumps, and muddy rivulets: Chester creek; Brandy wine. frequent. Obs. A creeping, herbaceous plant., 4, to 6 or S inches long; flowers white. On opening the side of the "i row'sl capsul, longitudinally, the columella, (or receptacle of the seeds, splits into three parts, so as to ,yrc~ene t.e appearance of three receptacles, to which the seeds are attached by pedicels. 2'1. SCHsOLLER A. Schreb. Grn. 1"1. 1711. [In honor of Fred. Adam S'choller, a. German Botanist.] C.sPa/r, 1 or 2 flowered. CORt. tube slender, very long; limb 6 parted. CAPS. 1 celled. `-+ ir. .ra:s":..Pa., Fs. FPhil Stem slender, floating or creeping; leaves sessile, linear, grass-like. StP...Leptauothis grmnevs. 1/.T~ Heteranthera piaminea. Ph. i Miid. of JW-1Y. Fr, snot. Haa. lhallcw rates: Ermdyws'e. 6 to 18 inches long: flowers bright yellow. (,s. Tht Schodlera, c Scbreoe-, seemed to b~e lost for a time, until Dr. Muhlenberg restored it. '(Sec? PUSe' Cps/op:. Art. SCHOLLEF.A.) Michaux appears not to have been aware that his Leptanthus gr aine 's xB the sarr" e plant Its pretty abttndent, in 1,1e Brarid'ywine; in1 300le seaSonS flowelring extenailvely-- A:1 'rr' t "eEe :-' re'y to be "seen. b. CJorolla triprtalous. 241. XY IS. N'tit. G4en. 43. fe rnm L-- fir. Xyros, pointed, or sharp; its leaves terminating in a sharp point.] f AI.. g1 ainaceous,"3 vsal v'd, unequal, the ot~ter coriaceous. Coin. petals equal, crenate. CAsPS. 1 Celled, "O vaivM: X. F1,1"x 7osA- ll. I leads closcly imbricate, ovate; calyx shorte.r than the bractes; leaves twisted. Slirooi. X. juhicai..ifr;. .X. carulinialia. Ph. Lieigo-Yellow-lo ering:B.Rush. P'. Afiddle of Aug;ust. 1 r milt. -fab. XYet, gravelly places: rivulet, near Cyrus Ilarnard's: rare. 9 to 15 inches high: flowers yellow. C. F'LOWrP.S (TUMACEOUS. a. Corolla 0. 25. SCIIPPJS. Nutt. Gen. 47. [An ancient Latin name fur the Ballrush; which belongs to this family.] C_ L. Chaffy scales, imbricated on all side; in a spike. Soyle filiform, deciduous. § 1. Spike solifary, terminal. 5. TRTCHODES? .11bth. Stern setaceous, slightly furrowed, purple at base, cespitose; stpike Ovats. ~Synon. S. capillaceus. Aitr. S. pusilius. Phe 1{l. Middle of July, and after. Fr. inat. Beginning of October. iJcb. Barr ens, near U. urge Vernon'.?: rare. 1 to '3inchies high. i)5. A `ni1;i' ^' ant remarkable species, which Mr. Schweinitz thought new to 1dm; but I am inclmier.[ to bJlheVL it is thr planst aLuve referred to. S. :rucs..1ilf'tn 4 angled; Sheath purple, truncate, submucronatc; Spike elliptic; root horizonta. F'. Latter end of June. Fr. mat. Hiub. XWet places: meadows, &c.-frequent. About a span high. , - cA4PsrAl .TT 'Iiihl. Stem compressed, cespitose; spike ovate; glumes brown, with white margi.. Fl. Middle of Nlay, and after. Fr. mat. lieS. swamps, ant wet places: J. H. Brinton's: frequent. 6 to 12 inches high. Olbs. Dr. Baldwin agreed with Dr. Muhl. in thinking this, and the S. ovatus of Willd. to be the same; big: he assured rue it was very distinct from S. tubercietostus, of .,41x. See ..4iuil. Great. descript. §2. Spikes numecrouss, tmrminal.. J Fitlhet loesTC. Sy. L/NcU5TRI Tph+ . Stemn round, tapering; umbels decomnpound; spikes ovate; scales mnncroiiate. VI/ugo-Colmmon Bell-rush. Tfall cluib rush. Fl. B~eginning of July. Fr. mat. Latter end of August. l1ab. Swamrpy meadows: Joseph Taylor's: somewhat rare. 4 to 5 feet high. (lbs. Dr. Withering says: this species is uised, in England, in making the seats of rush-buttorned chair., & - but in this country it is no~t esteemed for that purpose; the S. triqueter, or nnricamss, being much prefer;- able. '11bis latter growis in the tide-water marshes along the Delaware; but not iin this vicinity. § 3. Spikes. numerous, lateral: without leaves. S. DnTLIS. .?Vuld. Stem striate, cespitose, base sheathed, point strict; spikes ovate, sessble-conglornerate-. Fl. Middle of August. Fr. mat. Middle of September. liab. Wet, gravelly places: rivulet, near Cyrus Barnard's: not common. 12 to 18 inches High. § 4. Spikes numerous, subterminal. f f Leafy at base Only. q. cILmATFOLU-rS. Ell. Stemn striate, setiform; leaves linear, channelled, ciliate; spikes ovate-Ianceoiall. S'ynons. S. capillaris. A it/l. Fl. Latter end of July. Fr. inat. HubS. Arid hills: Righter's field, west of the Barren spur: rare. 2 to 6 inches high. Obis. I am pretty well satisfied that my'specimen is the S. capillaris of Meal. Gram. Jescript. uber,. S. FERRUcINEUSl Muhil. Stem compressed, striate; leaves nearly flat, striate; spikes ovate, acumsna, e Synon. S. puberulus. 11-r:? It does not, however, exactly correspond. F!. Latter end of July. Fr. suet. flab. Moist places on the Barrens ridge: frcqgWnt. 3 tof inches higlR. IATr;, Isers-. i1K temo 3 ngind; 1: s1 ,e' . in-:! 17l. g'eginning of July. 1`.: '._r___ ~ ~; t Ilub. Swamps, and wet places: Soutih OF Baraco -.llol ;7.. t t iet;: [ir, r.hyi,,os, a beak, and y? ,: J -£t"~i' ;mm C.Sler. PC~ t CAI,. Scales coilee ted into a sjpike. been Leek d .;; tI 0 t w tb-risd it le ile. fl, CLJ.1ERA h' . 0 1,les' cory'nil b -c e~( tf an .: : ac- ic e!n.n i" hOnn1ls p1 nn/rts 1h. anl Tit il1. tol q!.- ¼ a 1;S 1./ /Last o~f Torne, an o oi.a after _ I~ab. rSwelai y mel(adowlS: fr'rpeo1Ct. 2bou tt 1: fe : c)s. 1r. Le ote, (,In, stu;id to no' tlhi y I'- ;,e C7 southern beta:1ita. i sohl-s tiicy" arc ri-dly :it I 27. CYPI~I o'' [An fl 'St Ci~ Greek% neltie, 0. 111 UCh~ P `~; )` r' . CTAL. 'Scales imobria ted in two rowvs, i17 Co~l'"r--' :VC t' + : . :, S vi~scr S. IIP,,hl. Stem 3-angled; inv olUeto leaved;ume os1D:: co ') in~ j:--ao. / ;. ,-- eiiow cyperus. Gatiogale. Fl Middile of August. 17'. _t-ic. Middle of Spelr ?Lab. M'oist, low grounds: common. 6S to .9 in7ches highl: gitlnc fuscous. Cbs. The glumes, in my specimens, are not remarkably acute. See Eltl t, TRI(051S. Ell. Spikes oblong, loose; slijk Clets siubolat'e. epo;-e'm o Vi o-11 'istia spiked Galingalo. /~l Beginning of August. Fe ailrr'. Middle of PPii'tenllC t'iob. i'Je~adow;s, and low grounds: frequent. i to 2 feet hial. 23. 1)UIM!I11iUM. Nel. Cien. ';"1 ec.scaes subulatc, di'ticitally sheatinig. Al 'le longU, untol~. IerLO~i'lne/hir s(-l(r loin, retrorsely scabr'oca. 0.)S .pT'I' Eerzus. Eli. Stemr roundi; leayes pitaltin- ia 3 directions; spikelets in axllary racemecs. Sgi/on. Cyperus spathaceus. J1lts/K. Scirpuas spatbaneus. Mxk. Viugo-Sheathe d Galing ale. M Middle of JTuly, and after. Fr'. viet. Middle of September. 'lob. Swamps, and low grounds: frequent. 1 to 2 feet high. 29. TR ICHxOPHORUJM. 1 ull. Genc. 51. [Gr. Viwsix, trichos, hair, and Phero, to bear; thse seeds being surroundecd with long bait's.] Cs- scales imbricated in sub-ovate spikelets. SEhED beset with hairs, mrostly 6~, long, slightly curled - cs. c; sn,, r~-z Eii'. Stem obtusely .3 angled, leafy; panicle supradecomnpound, somewhat pendlulous. )u o. Sc irpus eriophoruo. ll2x. Eriophorun cyperinum. JThilld. Volgo-Brown (Cotton-grass. i il. Middule of July. El'. snat. Beginning of September. _Ra.;. Swamps, and wet places: frequent: 3 to 5 feet high. 01)!,. This ~enus, if it really deserve the distinction, seems to be the connecting link between Scirpun E.riopiloromn; but, if rejected, I sihould incline, with Willdenow, to ptlace it among the species of '. - oar 01uln. 30. EROPETORUM. Nustt. Gen. 55. j_1c. E-ions, wool, and Phcs'o, to bear; the seeds being girted awith tufts of long wool.] CAL. scales imbricafed on all sides. SLEDo in a long-, dense, woolly involucrum. 2,0A_ ti' ,AIOLIM. Mushl. Stem 3 angled, leafy; leaves .3 sided, channelled; spikelets briefly peduneulate ,s tal;o-CiOttoll'grasS. La T:tter end of May. - Fr nu. Mliddle of August. 17300o. R' t mneadow, groulIds:t Hayes' bridge, on the Street road: rare. 1 to 2 feet high. Cbs. Iternarkable. for its white, woolly heads, when in scud. Ina lay specimens the culims are distinctly si o;ti. See u-- crsb, atAd Brt. Fl. Philad. b. Corolla clhaffy. 31. MARISCUS. Nutt. Gen., 51. 9 [Supposed from the Lat. llare, the sea; near which some species naturally grow.] CAL..2 valved; 3, to 6 or s flowered. Corr. I valved. Style trifid. Spikelets aggregated in heads. AtT. GLOMr.RtATsY? 3Thrt. Fl. Phil. Stem triquetrous; head terminal; spikeletsterete; involucre 3or 4laved. Synon. M. umbellatus. Ph? Scirpus cyperiformis. Mlt hi & S. lupulinus. Sprengel. secund. Baldiwin. 1F1. Beginning of August. Fr. maet. Hlab. Sterile fields: harrens: frequent. 6 to 12 inches high. Obs. Mr. Schwveinitz says he always considered this to be the Cy, erua kyllingceoides, of Pursh :and the op~inions of two such accurate botanical observers, as hie and Dr. Baldwin, induce ra to believe that all these names are intended for the same plant. GRASSES. A. HERAIAPIHRODITE, a. Calyx I jjowered. tFlowers scattered. 32. MUHLENBDERGIA. Natt. Gen. 64. U~n honor of the late Rev. Henry Mi1ehienberg, D. .D. of Lancaster, Penn.; one of the noat accomplisheh Botanists our country has produced.] CAL. 2 valved, unequal, very minute. Con. 2 valved, hairy at base, exterior valve awne~at the apex. Mv. DIPFU'tSA. El. Stem decumbent; leaves linear; panicle slender, appressed; awn as long as the glume. ~Si/noes. Dilepyrum minutifloruna. Th1x.r Vaeig-Drop-seed grass. Fl. Latter enrl of July, and after. Fr. mat. Latter end of August. fHab. Woodlands, and pastures: frequent. 12 to 18 inches high. N1 ERECTA. Ell. Stem erect; leaves lanceolate; raceme terminal; awn twice as long as the glume. Synon. MA. aristata. Persoon. Dilepyrum aristosuna. 3-1xz. TFl. Beginning of July. Fr. mat. Beginning of August. HFab. Woodlands, near the Brandywine: not so common as the other. 2 to 3 feet high. 33. TRiICHODITJM. Nett. Gen. 65. [Gr. Thrix, trichzos, hair, and Eidos, form; in reference to its hairlike inflorescence.] CAL. 2 valved, equal, acute. CoRt. I valved, awnless, sborter than the calyx. Panicles capillary. T. SCABRtTM? .Jlfuhl. Stem decunmbent, branches erect; sheath smooth; panicle oblong, lax; flowers racemose,, Synon. T. decumbens. M7x. T. perennans. W~alt. in .Ell. Agrostis scabra. Willd? Fl. Beginning of August, and after. Fr. mat. .Hab. Fields, and woodlands: frequent, 1 to 2 feet high. Obs. I have no doubt that my specimen is the T. perennans, described hy Elliott; and I think it is the T. scabrum, of Muhl. It is usually about a foot and a half high (sesquipedalis)-and not a " half foot," as it is inadvertently rendered, in this, and some other instances, in Flor. Philad. I am not certain that I have mret with the T. laxiflorum, of Iliiolaux. 31. LEElISIA. Nutt. (Teri. it,. [Ia honor of John Daniel Leers; a German Botanist.] CAL. 0. CoR. 2 valved, closed; valves compressed, boat shaped, awnless. Y' It is to be presumedl that Michaux gave the above name to this plant without the knowledge that it had bten formally dedicated to Dr. 31ehlenberg, by Schireber. Certain it is, however, that Schireber's edition of the Genera Plmntarum had been published at least a dozen years before Mvichaux's Flora appeared; and yet the name ot Muhlenbergia is not noticed, even as a Synonym. The editor (Michaux the younger,) merely remaiks, in his prefa'ce, tnat lie has heard some of the plants, enumerated in the Flora Boreali- Americanas, had recently been given to the public under different names. A like injustice occurs in the same wvork, in relation to our wor thy countryman, Marshal, in the appropriation of the genus MARSHiALL.5. to D)r. Persoon. But Persoon ha i n the mean time beeia complimented with another family of plants which, it seems, he preferred: and so, when he published his Synopsis, instead of restoring our Marshal- lia to its rightful ow ner, hie r~eiteratedl the offence in a still snore glaring manner, by transferring the genus to a German of the name of Traetinniick-notwithstsndire meeta herr Trottinnice had already beeni tri- ded for, by Willdenov! It las been too much the practice, in E~urope, to evince stich disrespect towards S"ientific Ameicans: but it is gratif ing to perceive a re'ung rte'.'ositiou in our Country to resist, and to rec- tify such eaoceedins-an'l tint i-scs the Literat.i o' ticeok Worll have at las vouchsafed to recognize Sbome of Our claimsa to nustiee. 10( TRIANDRIA. DIGYMIA. L. VIrOINc~rA. Ell. Panicle lax, branches sparse; keel of the glumes sparingly ciliate. J'ulgo-White grass. .Fl. Latter end of August. Fr. mat. Last of September. IHab. Woodlands, and moist places: Wollerton's woods: frequent. 1X to 2 feet high. L. orrv zoaoFS. Panicle diffuse, large; leaves lanceolate; keel of the glumnes conspicuously ciliate. V!gm-Cut grass. NWild Rice. Fl. Latter cud of August. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. Barb. Sluggish rivulets, and wet places: frequent. 3 to 5 feet high. Ubs. This is a remarkably rough grass; somewhat resenibling r~ice in its habit, as the specific name imports. ;;). AGUIOSTIS. X01U. Grim. 6S. [Gr. Agros, a field; being eminently an occupant of jit.Ids and pastures.] CAL. 2 valved, valves acute. 'CoR. 2 valved. Stigmras longitudinally hispid, or pluniose. § 1. Au nrd. ISTR T'A. ?10d. Parnicle leng, 'apr glt; awn at the base cf the petal, twisted, longer than the flower. .-t. ?Middle of May. Er. mat. .Ubb. Sterile spots: Barrens, at R. Strode's: frequent. About a foot high. §2. Without ownms. A. VULGARrs. .luhtl. Panicle long, finally diffuse, purplish; branchlets scabrous. Va/lgo-Herd's gr;:ss. Redt top. Fl. Latter end of June. Fr. 'maat. Latter end of July. .Ihb. Fields and pastures; Patton's fields; frequent. i to 3 feet high. A. ALBA. 3tehi. Stemn geniculate, assurgent; panicle lax: ligula white, 4 parted. Vvlgo-Herd's grass. F7. Latter end of June. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. Kab. Fields, aud low meadow grounds: frequent. I to 2 feet high. Otbs. Both this and the foregoiug vary considerably in appearance, especially in the aol qr of the panicles; and I think are confounded, by our fanrsr, under the conon names of Iherd's grass, andT Red top. They have been cultivated occasionally, buta rare not munch esteeed; except in swampy grounds, with a view to rendler them firm. This species is said to afford good materials for the manufacture of imritation Leghorn b~onnets. A. LArERIFLORAt. -M. Panicles termhsal and lateral, compact; glumes all acuminate; ligula lacerate, obtuse. Fl. Latter end of August. Fr. melt. Last of September. flrab. Woodlands; and :bomrders of fields: frequent. 1 to 2 feet high. Wis. This seems to be th A. mexcicansa, of aMuhlenberg. A. -vino~xecxa. X'uhul. Panticle splIke-forml; leaves subulate, involute, rigid; mouth of the sheaths pilose. synon. A. pungens. Phi. Ft". Middle of 'Augcist. Fr. matl. Middle of September. ibisb. Dr-y, sterile hills: near the Grove tavern: frequent. About a foot high. 36. CALAMAG OSTIS. Nutt. Gen.. 70. [Compounded uf Calaus, a reed, and Agrestis; embracing pla~nts allied to those.] CAL. 2 valved, acuminate. COR. 2 valved, with a hairy, or woolly involucellum at base. C. ctnoirs. Thort. Fl.. Phil. Panicle oblong, appressed; valve of the corolla awned on the hack. SRqoon. C. canadensis. Nmrtt. A-undo cinnoides. Alzd'. A. canadensis? ?tl.r. Vulgo-Reed-grass. Fl. Beginning of August. Fr. mat. xarb. Borders of rivulets,' on the Darren4: rather scarce. 2 to 3 feet high. O/is. Compare this with the A grostis glauca, of Muhlenberg. I am strongly inclined to the opinion. that they are really not distinct. 37. ARISTIDA. Nutt. GC/us. 85. [Lat. Arista, an awn, or beard. characterstic of the genus.] CAL 2. valved. COR. 2 valved; interior valve very small; exterior with 3 terminal awns, A. DIEeOTO;1rA. Ell. Stem setaceous erect, .branching; lateral awns short, middle one contorted. Ved ;o-Pover ty-Lgrays. heard-grass. iT'!.. Latter end of Augat. Fr. maet. Last of September. IL-tb. Sterile, sandy banks, and roadsides: common. 6 toi1S iniches high. Obs. Th-c name, rdichotona, Mr. Elliott sueggests, is not stri:;tly appropriate. TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIAe 1' t t lowers. in slakes. Oq. For PSILEUa!, or Timothy, see Appendix ofecultivated plants. 38. DIGITARIA.. Nutt. Gen. 82. [Lat. Digitus, a finger; the spikes being digitate, or finger like.] CAL. 2 or 3 valved, unequal. Con.. 2 valved, oblong-ovate, terete, awnless. Styles long. I).s ~rUI_ LS.Z'1.Spikes expanding; spikelets 2flowered, oesessile; stem dcmet Synon. Panicumr sanguinale. lVilld. FulPgo-Crab-grass. Finger-grass: 1'1. Latter end of July. 1r. mat. Middle of September, and after. Hlab. Fields, roadsides, &:c. common. 12 to 1S inches long; of a purple color. D. FILIFORMIS. Ell. Spikes erect, filiform; spikelets 3 flowered, all pedicellate; stern erect. ~Synon. Panicuin filiforine. IWilld. I'1. Latter end of August. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. Ha!b. Sandly banks, and roadsides: frequent. 1, to 2 and 3 feet high; slender. 39. PASPALUM. Nutt. Gen. 84. [Paspalos, an ancient Gr. name for millet; which this plant resembles, in its seeds.] CAL. 2 valved, equal, orbicular. Con.. 2 valved, same size and figure. Stigmes plumose. P. PUBEscENs. .Michl. Leaves and sheaths villous; sjsike mostly solitary, terminal, on a long peduncle. Simn. P. setaceurn. Mx. El.it. Ph. &c. Fl. Middle of August. Fr. mat. Last of Septemnber. Hab. Fields, roadsides, &c. common. 1 to 2 feet high; slender. Obs. I incline to prefer Nluhlenberg's specific name, as most appropriate. P. LIEVE. Ph. Glabrous; spikesseveral, 2 to 6, alternate; sheaths compressed; ligula ciliate. Fl. Beginning of August. Fr. mat. Latter end of September. Haub. Grassy banks, along the Brandyw:ine: frequent. 2 to 3 feet high. Obs. Dr. Baldwin thought this wvas the P. sirgatun, of Walter. The description, however, of the P. 1.eye, as given in Ptirsh, fits my specimen exactly. b. C'alyx 2 valved, 2 or- 3 flowered: flowers scattered. 40. TRISETUJM. Aratt. Gen. 89, [A name literally meaning thr-ee bristles, or awns; characteristic of the genus.] CAL. acuminate, and carinate. Con. outer valve setaceously bifid; with 1 longer straight dorsal awn. T. PRATENSE. Ph. Panicle somewhat contracted; glurnes shining; sheaths long, striate, smooth. Synon. Avena flavescens. WVilld. 14algo-Three awned Oat-grass. ],7. Beginning of June. F'r. mat. Middle of July. flab. Low meadow grounds; near Jos. Taylor's maill dam: rather scarce. About 2 feet high. Obs. Although I have followed Mr. Nuttali, in retaining this genus, I cannot help feeling the force of Dr. Smith's doubts on the subject. (See Dees' Ciyclop. art. TRIeSETUM.) Trhe awns, so called, which termi- nate the outer valve of the corolla, scarcely deserve that name: and the dorsal awn, in my specimens, appears ta~be slightly contorted. To say the least, the generic character rests on a slender foundation. 41. AIRA. Nutt. Gen. 90. [An ancient Greek name; etymology obscure.] CAL. shining. Cox.. 2 valved, awnless, or awned from the base. A. PArLENs. .hfuhl. Panicle contracted, slender, branchies 4 or 5; leaves linear-lanceolate; ligula lacerate. ASon. Avena palustris? 111. Ph. Nutt. &c. Vulgo-H{air-grass. Fit. Last of May. Fr. mnat. flab. Woodlands: Patton's woods: rare. A very slender grass, about 2 feet high. Obs. My specimens are entirely awnless; as remarked by Dr. Muhlenberg to he the case with those which grow in woodlands. A. cESasTOSA. .Mfeld. Panicle finally diffuse, pyramidal; leaves setaceous, nerved, scabrous. F'l. Latter end of May. F'r. msat. Rlab. Sterile, moist places: Barrens, north of E. Worthington's: frequent. 2 to 3 feet high. 0¼s.. A firm, wiry grass, growing in a kind of twssockr, or turf,-as the specific name imports.. A.;' AtrSITvLATA. 'The-. Leaves subulate; calyx short; enter corolla glumne tincate, tricuspidate. .Y20,on. A. purpurea. 41'al" Uralepsis aristulata. iltult. Ff. Beinning of June. Fr. snot. flab. Low meadow grounds: Jos.\Taylor's meadow: frequent. 1 to 2 feet high. c. Calyxr 2 valed, rnroiy-fiowcrei. f Flowers in scattered Spikeelets. 42. PO A. No ult. Gets.. 9(3. IGr. Poa, herijag-~, or pasture; a name given, by v;ay of emlinence, to this valuable family of grasses.] CoR. vajor:d; valves somewhat acute; mar ;is scariose. Spikelets ovate, awnless. P.t PRA t Ph.Ianicle spreading; spikelets 4 flowered; plumes 5 nerved; ligulashort, obtuse. 1 tlgo- pear-;rash. Smnooth stalked Aleadow-,jass. F!. Beginning of Tune. Fr. mat. Middle of July. flab. Fitelds, and p31.ture lots, about Wst Chester: frequent. 1 to 2 feet high. Obs. "i ser r.s to hr nearly alliod to P'. viridlis. It is believed to be a naturalized foreigner; and afford3 a valuable pas e. P. vCrarnzC 'tthi ,;ieletis acumninat ; plumes compressed. 3 ner.ved; leaves long, linear, abruptly acute. VI'i go-Green-grass. Gre:un Meadow-grass. _'1. Last of May, and after. Ftr. vnit. Latter end of June, and1 after. flab.. Meadows; borders of rich fields, and woodlands: common. 2to 3 feet high. Obs. This is esteemed by our farmers as among the best species of pasture. It delights in strong soils, especially those which are calcareous; and, although rarely propagated by art, with us, it naturally obtains in our rich fields, when they are not too frequently brokten up by culture. This grass has also, latterly, acquired considerable imrportance, by its culns afFording the material for the manufacture of imiitotions Leghorn hats, and botmets. I'. NEMORALi5. Ph. Panicle, & leaves attenuate; spikzeleta about.,3 flowered; branches slender, verticillate. Fl. Middle of June. Fr. mat. 1lab. Woodlands; T. Gibbona's wvoods, along the Brandywine: somewhat rare. 12 to 18 inches high. (The. A weak= stemmed, strag eling, or decumnbent grass, of a bright yellowish-green color. It is well .S qscribed in .Smrith's iPlorra .Britaaiiiece, with the exception of "stipula bs-evissisna cecnata." In my spa- cimens, the stipula, or ligula, is quite conspicuou,, intire, and acute. P. ANNtYA. Ell. Stemns procumbent, compressed, leafy; panicle dliv aricate; spikelets obttise, about 5 flowered. IF1. MJiddle of April, till October. Fr. teiat. June, and after. flab. Gardens, tief Is, and woodlands:. common. 3 to s inch~es long. Introduced. P. coaes'a.EssA. Muhl. Panicle condensed, somewhat second: stem ascending, much compressed. Vul,;o--Plue-;sass. Wire .grass. T'-. Middle o1> June, and after. Fr. meat. Latter end of July. Huab. Fields, roadsides, &ic. common. About 1 foot high. Obs. This well kosvt grass affords a good food for cattle, but is not so much, esteemred as the P. viridisl and is soicitimres rathier troublesome, in the rotation of crops, by its tenacity of life. '. NER ATA .llihl. Stem round, striate; panicie branched;. leaves lanceolate; corolla valves nerved. Syson. P. striata. Rix, F. M iddle of June. Fr, mat. Last of July. Rab. Low ivet places: below the Bath: not common. About 3 feet high. Obs. Rather a coarse, liardh grass; though Dr. Muhlcnberg says "boeiem pabulum." P. cSPIDATA. DPI1. Phil. Stem leaves short, erect, pointed; spikelets crowded at the ends of the branches. *Sison. P. pun-enrs. Nulli. P. autumnalis. Ell. P. flexuosa? Mluhl. rl. *Latter end of Aril. Fr.. smat. Middle of May. .f/eb . Woodlands: along the Brandywine, abundant. 12 to 18 inches high. 1'. CAPCLLAtSS .11ithl. Stem muchl branched;, panicle loose, capillary, spreading; leaves and sheaths neived;. -.7.. 1%1 ille of Augtop r stut. Middle of September. Hlab. L 2 . ,. sales near the Boot ta ver: frequenit. G tolS inches hig h. F' v 'a The species. as Dr. Muhlenherg rema n ts". To. my small specimens, the spikelets are mostly 3 ;io~vered; an; u tile age ones 5 flovwered. In nione of tii:m are the " leaves hairy." P. t-1111StT A MJr~ Panuicle expanded; spikelets on long pedicels, 5 to 7 flowered, leaves long; sheaths hirsute. F'l. ?e Midle ;£ A i;Uu 'F. met. Latter end of September. ffeh. Dry. san1dy grounds: roa.edes, &c. frequent. 1 to 2 feet high. Ohs. A slio.vy, purple-'sanicled gvass, of no value; having, as Alicisaux observes, much of the habit of T RIANi' DRA. DIGY NIA. ; P. PILOSA. 1Mtihi. Stem oblique; spikelets linear, 8 to 10 flowered; axils, and throat of the sheaths, pilosc. Synon. P. pectinacea. ixt. "Rachi deflorata valvulis flosculorum interioribus persistentibus pectinata:." FI. Latter end of July. Fr mat. Mid;'le of August. Hab. Uplands, and roadsides: near the Friends TN. H. W~est Chester: frequent. 4 to 9 inches long. P. OBrUSA. MuThl. Stem erect, striate; panicle dense; spikelets crowded, 3 to 5 flowered; glumes obtuse": Fl. Beginning of June. Fr. mat. flab. Grassy banks: Race bank at Milltown; frequent. 12 to 20 inches high. Obs. The name, obtusa, does not appear to be happily selected. 43. BRIZA. Gens. Pl. 115. [Gr. Brizo, to nod; in reference to the nodding, or waving spikelets.] Spikelets distichous. CoRt. valves ventricose, cordate, obtuse; interior valve minute. B. ERAGROSTIS. .Mal. Stem decumnbent, geniculate; spikelets ovate-lanceolate, pedicellate. ~Synon. P'oa megastachnya. Natt. Vulgo-Quake-grass. Fl. Beginning of August. F2. mat. Last of September. flab. Gardens, roadsides, &c. frequent. 12 to 18 inches in length. Obs. A foreigner? Spikelets of a leaden, or blueish grecn color; as Dr. Barton has well remarked. 44. WINDSORIA. Nutt. Gen. 99. [Dedicated by Mr. Nuttall to his friend John fWindser; an English Botanist.] CAL. valves keeled, cuspidate. Cont. dorsal valve 5 toothed. SEED calceiform, corrugate. W. PoJEFoRzis. Nutt. Stem erect; panicle large, expanding; spikelets oblong, 5 flowered. Synon. Pona sesleroides.. e. & M~uhl. Poa quinquefida. Ph. & Ell. Vulgo-lied top. Fl. Beg inning of August. Fr. mnat. Lattar end of September. Jflab. Hilly old fields, and roadsides: Barrens: frequent. 3 to 5 feet high: panicle purple. Ohs. Purab speaks of this grass as being very valuable, and productive: but its culms appear to me to be too mouch like those of Andropogon (with which it associates,) to be of much value. 45. DANTLIONIA. Nua1t. Gen. 100. [ ] QAL. valves as long as the spikelet. COR., outer valve setaceously bifid, with a central awn, contorted at base. D. SPICATA. Nutt. Flowers racemose; spikelets alternate, pedunculate, 6 or 7 flowered; leaves subulate. Synon. Avena spicata. Willd. Jfauhl. & Ph. A. glumosa. IMx? Vulgo-Oat-grass. Wild-oats. Fl. Middle of June. Fr. mat. Beginning of July. .Uiab. Dry, sandy banks; woodlands and roadsides: frequent. 1 to 2 feet high. 46. FESTUCA. Nutt. Gen. 101. [A Latin name for the shoot, or stalk of a tree, or herb; applied to this genus.] Spilcelets oblong, distichous; glumes acuminate. CoRt. outer valve entire, sometimes awned.. F. TENELLA. Ell. Panicle sinple, rather secund; spikelets 6 to 8 flowered, aw.ned; leaves linear-setaceous.. Synon. F. bromoides. .ll7x. Smith, Flw%. Brit? Vulgo-Barren Fescue-grass. .K. Last of May, and after. Fr. mnot. Latter end of June. lab. Dry woodlands: Parker's woods; Barrens: frequent. A slender, brown grass: 6 to 12 inches high. F. ELATIOR. 1l1lahi. Panicle branched; spikelets ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4 to S flowered, awnless, glabrous. Vulgo-Tall Fescue-grass. Fl. Beginning of June. Fr.mat. Beginning of July. Hab. Fields, and meadows: common. 2 to 3 feet high. Ohs. This grass, which is believed'to be a foreigner, affords excellesnt food for cattle; and might, perbapc, be cultivated to advantage-though it is alleged, (See Withering.) that "in a cultivated state, it is nearly incapable of producing perfect seeds;" and is therefore suspected of being a hybrid. F. FIATIIT ANS. Muhal. Panicle long, loose; spikelets appressed; outer glumes awnless, nerved, subcrenate. V alo--River.Fescue-;sass. £,1. Beginning of June. Fr.. ma t. Last of June. J~cb. Ponds, and wet places: Brandywine; Dungeon bottom: frequent. 4 to 5 feet hig-h. F. NUTANS. uhl. Panicle diffuse, slender; lower branches in pairs, upper ones single-; spikelets awnless, Fl. Beginning of June. Fr mat. Last of June. [3 to 5 flowered. Hab. Woodlands, along Brsadywiniz; not Yery common. AboQut 2 feet. higlh. 14 TRIANDRIA. DIGYNIA. '47. 13iROM `. NVial. Gen. 102. [Gr. Jdronia, food; ate ancient name of a species of wild oats, applied.to this benuus.] .l pi e~ets oblong, di:5ichous, tumid. Con. outervalve bifid, awned below the apex; inner reflexed, ciliate. 1.sJC .kLTNL~S. luhl. Panicle nodding; spikelets ovate, 8 to 10 flowered; awps, when present, flexuose. 'itlgo-('beat. Chess. Rye I roe-grass. Diank. _P!. Middle of June. Fr. mat. Beginning of July. 11th. WVheat, and Ryde fild~s; pastures, &e. frequent. 3 to .1 feet hidi. 03~s T 17sorei~ v ia',;s is unielco'o". inintele 'smote" our wintrt rain. S~orne few of our fairmers sti eneain th old, absurd nton, hi on it hilhoi by out 'oncestors, coincrning ticti ii sfoiatior 01' plntds -'el ( i' ri'E that' g'''rass is, to reality nuthieg hut coirii't, or (di' e'ne'al' l'lrenlt-the chiIge bi'ing 'ihl'ct- v~i y ';. l" by uln ts o 'abo seasons, or oi1(ll. c sce'riv e prons11 ofcatl u ll on m'snui i' beig closely caten do tii by cattle andi otter 'secid it i cainses It is a curous circeumstanice, in th'e listor y of this v'ulgar erro, that in formner titos,- he hotlls-It~ i ions' 'i of } nrni e imgie 0'`01'heat wvas conver ted into ('heat, is pot soilds, by 7eh'elar i-adat'ons: tia the ./iI chainge ws~ in~to 16c then ifrorn Rye to b icley, from 't irii y to L oliin, and frauii L 0 1 0il to Broaws, or Cheait. They evsen thouhut it descended one step low- str' by~si; f'''ilnl Va oln to 11l n or oats! It was ailso supposed, that bsy the agency of a fertile soil it (.uc b hon'l htrtdiy hcagin toit~ pistite 'stte. Intnscolthwvr h icpies of the dctr ine ha'se s iii tally ebrit'';ed it, by dis'carding- all those intetrtedIito stages of transmutation, as mnere si'lsae' T hey insist tha~t the change, from wheit to bionis is effieted onrectdy and at once. So prev- :e :as this strangre conceit prior to toe tune of L inri eus, that a ''nron' 1'ssay was written uinder the aus- ie'; of thast great man, inl I ,ufutshed in the filth v olume of the Anlumitat's Acdcoeeire. for the express- inp -e oi explodtng the asbsurdity. 't the present day, the prejuiue is conhined almost exclusiveiy to ihe iliteraste, andi blindly credltous; who are exceedingly pirone to adopt opinions, in such matters, without t1:1 e-miinnation,-and to maintit'n them wis.h al obstiniacy admirably pcroporttoned to tile lack of rational ev idence 13. cILAT smu U11f1. spiikelets linear-lainceolate, 5 to 10 flowered; glutmes ciliate, and hirsute; awtns straight, ii1. caul is~l. 1Rf? T ulgo-Fringed Brome-grass. 17l. Latter end of June. Fr'. mot. Middle of July. Vocb. Wdoodlaads; near the Bath: frequent. About 3 feet high. 1,. re'tSrNSce? Mit hl. Sielets oval-lanceolate, -9 to 10 flowered; glumes pubescent, scariose at margin: Eil. Mbl'ldle of June. Fr'. mat. Middle of July. Bob. 'Woodlands, and low grounds along Brandywine: frequtent. 3'to 4 feet high. f' f Peowers -it? Spikes. fj For DAC'rvLtS, or Ot'elieom-brass, see Appendix of cultivated plants. 48. LOLIUM7. Nttt. Genu. 122. [An ancient Latin name, used by 'Viril.1 &e. Boerhaave says, " Lolium vocatur quasi elolioa, (Gr.) adulA terinzon, quia Ie planita dicitur nasci ex Hordeo vel Tritico corrupto."] CAL. 1 valved, subulate, fixed to the achis. Spitie simple; spikeiets distiebously imbricated. L~. mx J'Niv. M'uthl. Spike awnless; spikelets alternate, lotnger than the calyx: terminal calyx 2 valved. Vtlo'-Reay-grass. Rye-grass. D)arnel. 11(11. Meadows. and grass lots: Job D~arlington's: not common. 1 to 2 feet high. 0!),. This grass affords a tolerably good pasture; and mnakes a handlsome sward for yards and lawns. .thou h ceeltis't d to a considerabl- extent, in Eutrope, it has been, as yet, butt little attended to in this olintrv: and not at all. I believe. in this vicinity. T1izothy and Orcheard-grass seemi calculated to com'- :nand a preference, under our mode of farming. 49. ELIEUSINE. Nuitt. Gen. 107. [From Eleuesis, where Ceres, the goddess of Harvests, was worshipped': A far-fetched name.] C~ii.. 2. valved, carinate; dorsal valve larger.. Spik'es digitate: spikelets lateral, awnless. I: I-NDtC.. Eli. Spikes straight, linear; spikelets lanceolate', 4 to 6 flowered; stem compressed, decumbent. Stnson. Cy1nosut n indlicus. 14ilid. Viaigo-Dog's-tai-grass. 'Wire-grass. Crab-grass. r!. Ie~inltnofe Aueust. Fri. meat. Middle of September. ling. Stiees, lakes, .nsd roadsides: common. 6 to 12 inches long. 01)x. T16, spreading grass seems to delight in growing where it can he trodden on, and makes a good raro~etig in tn dy times, for lanes, Wsoodlyardie, and foot paths. Cattle and hogs are fond of it; and Mr. Ediutt sjeaks highly of it, for hay. Is it a nativeI 50. ELYMTUS. Nuti. Gmh. 113. [An ancient Greek name, of obscure derivation.] 'C'AL. lateral, 2 valved, setiform; in pairs, like a 4 leafed involuere. Coin. 2 valved; outer valve awned. E. vIRGNCYS. i'ul. Spike erect; spikelets 3 flowered, awned, by pairs; calyix as long as the spikelets. Ft. Middle of July. Fr. mat. Beginning of September. Hub. Moist situations; Forks of Brandywine: frequent. 3 to 4 feet high. Obs. The spikes of this grass resemble heads of Basrley, at a little dlistance. The ,pikelets,, in my speci- mens, are hispid, and not glabrous, as described in Eli. Ph. &c. In all other respects, it agrees perfectly. E. HYSTnIX. .hfehl. Spikelets in pairs, divergent, glabrous, 3 flowered; involucre 0, or 2 leaved; awns long. Fl. Beginning of July. Fr. mat. Last of August. ,flb. Mich, moist woodlands: Bath; Dungeon bottom: frequent. 2 to 4 feet high. Obs. The.bristly spike of this remarkable species somewhat resembles an Apothecary's bottle-washer. 3D. POLYGAMOUS. a. Calyx 1 flowered. 51. ANDR.OPOGON. Nutt. Gen. 8s. [Gr. literally 11on's beard; from a fancied resemblance in the hairs of the involucres.] "lowers in pairs: Involacre, a'fasciculate villus. MAL!-, or NaETT. awnless, pedicellate. JIERMAPH. sessile. Cal. 2 valved, awnless. Cor. 2 or 3 valved; awned at base, or at summit. §i. Panicle terminal. A. Av~ENACrUs. Bart. 1,l. Phil. Glabrous; panicle pyramidal-oblong; corolla ciliate; awni contorted. Sinon. A. ciliatus. Eli. A. nutans. 3tthl. Veigo-Wood-grass. Indian-grass. +Fl. Middle of August. Fr. mat. Last of September. -Hub. Old, neglected fields: Barrens &c. common. 3 to 5 feet high. §2. S'pik es conjugate, or faseiculate. A. SCOP'ARIUS. Eli. Leaves and sheaths pilose; spikes simple, pedunculate, by pairs, lateral and termina 1 Synon. A. purpurascens. Mauhl. and Willd. Vuigo-Purple Wood-grass. Fl. Latter end of August. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. Hab. Sterile, sandy grounds: old fields &c. common. About 3 feet high. A. MACROURtUS. .2i-fhl. Mo mandrous; spikes teirminal, fastigiate: stem leaves crowded, subulate. Synon. Cinna glomerata. Waolter. Vulgo-Cluster flowered Wood-grass. Fl. Beginning of September. Fr. mat. Beginnig of October. Iflab. Sterile, wet meadows: Barrens; near the Paoli: not very common. 2 to 3 feet high. .A. FURCATUS. Eli. Spikes digitate, generally, by fours; leaves lanceolate; sheaths glabrous. Fl. Middle of August. Fr. mat. Last of September. Hab. Barren ridge: near the Bath, & c. frequent. About 3 feet high. Obs. We have, perhaps, some other species which I have not been able clearly to ascertain. They are all 'known by the common names of fl-hod-rs, and Indian-grass; and are, by their presence, indicative of either a sterile soil, or bad farming-or both. b. Calyx 2 flowered. t Floicers mostly scattered. 52. ITOLCUS. Nutt. Gen. 93. [An ancient Greek name: Etymology obscure.] Flowers panictdlate: MALr, pedicellate. Cal. 2 valved. Cor. 0, or 2 valved. IIERMAPUt. sessile. Cal. 2 valved. Cor. smaller, 2 valved; outer valve awned below the apex. 1-I. LANATUS. Bart. Fl. Phil. Panicle contracted; glumes ciliate; leaves lanceolate, soft, wooliy. Vulgo-Feather-G rass. White Timothy. Salem-Grass. Fl. Middle of June. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. ,Hab. Meadows, woodlands, and low grounds: frequent. 12 to iS inches high. Obs. The plant has a hoary appearance: the panicle often purple. It is believed to be a foreigner; and although Dr1. Mhlenberg speaks of it as being good fodder, it i» not highly esteemed, here. °T'RIANDiUAl. IGTI.. P,. ,iN ICLM Nutt. Gen. V9. [Lat. Panicula, a mode of flowerim.,; or Peanis, bread; froia the uso made of somse species.] 'x owers loosely or densely paniculate: '1 is~r, or JNEUT. sessile; valves uneq~ual, often )ut]1, minute. HERMAPH. Cal. 2 valved; outer valve very small. Cor. 2 valved, cartilaginous, persistent. § 1. Flowers loosely panicidle. i P. C LMLTLXRE. 31cf. Panicle capillary, much branched; flowers pedijoellate; leaves and sheaths hirsute. 1 Fl Beginning of August. Fr. mat . Latter end of September. Il11ab. Dry, sandy grounds; pastures, cornfields, &c. cor nm:o 1_ 1 to 2 feet h~igh. !+ Ohs. In the fall of the year, the dry culms break off, and the panicles are rolled over the fields in great numbers, by the winds. SP. LATIFOLTUM. Ell. Lateral racemes simple; leaves ovate-lanceolate; sheaths hairy at throat. Fl. Middle of June, nd~ after. Fr. mat. Peginning of August and after. lieS. Meadows, ditch ban~ks, roadsides, &c. common. 9 to IS inchcs high. P. Emvosvar. Jleuhl. Panicle-branches flexuose; glumpes nerved; leaves lanceolate, ciliate at base. Fl. Middle of June. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. flab. Dry hills, and woodlands: frequent. 1 to 2 feet high. P. CILIAvT.M. El,. Panicle few flowered; leaves short, lanceolate, and, witha the sheaths, handsomely ciliate. Fl. Beginning of June. Fr. mat. Beginning of July. flab. Woodlands, &c. frequent. 8 to 15 inches high. {{ P. PAUCsFLORUM? Ell. Panicle few flowered; leaves narrowv-lanceolate; sheaths short, bearded at thraoat 4 Fl. Latter end of June. .Fr. mat. Latter end of July. flab. Woodlands: Lovell's 80 acre woods: frequent. 12 to IS inches high. } Obs. This is a very slender species, somewhat resembling P. citiatum in habit; but much less hairy, with 'i narrower leaves, and the sheaths scarcely half the length of the joints. IP DIcasOTOaIua. Ell. Stem dichotomous above; branches fasciculate; leavcs linear-lanceolate, divaricate. Synon. P. ramulosum? 01xr. F Middle of July. F". mat. Latter end of August. t Flab. Barren ridge, in the borders of the wvods; abonmd1ant. 1 to 2, andl 3 feet high. Obs. This plant varies very much in size and anv-arane; and when largVe, is procumbent. I have no 1 doubt it is the P. dichotomum of Ell. Pursb, and Muh.-and probably the P. ramulos~um of Mx.-though ` Mr. Elliott, I observe, supposes otherwise. { P. STRICTUAT. Ph. Panicle solitary, short; glumes obovate, turgid; leaves crowded, erect, pungent. ,non. P. setaceurn. -Muhil. Fl. Latter end of July. Fr. anat. Latter end of August. 1! Ha Sterile spots: B. Strodes; Barrens: frequent. 12 to 18 inches high. P. DEPAITPERATtTM. Mul. Stem simple; upper leaf elongated; sheath pilose; calyx valves nerved. j l. Beginning of June. Fr. mat. Middle of July. ilb. Barren ridge, North of E. W~orthington's; abundant. About a foot high. § 2. Flowers ina dense pansicles, racernes, or spikes. lP. AGROSTOIDES. lblhl, Stem compressed; leaves lanceolate, keeled; panicles terminal and lateral. Fl. Beginning of August. Fr. mat. Middle of September. 11ab. Moist, low grounds: Bath; Patton's low grounds: frequent. About 2 feet high. Ohs. Dr. Baldwin thought this would prove to be nothing more than a variety of P. rostratum; though, I confess, to me it. seems pretty distinct. P. '0S~TtAvrrnr. Muhll. Stem ancipital; leaves long; panicle erect; flowers racemose; glumes rostrate. Synon. P. anceps. ALT. Ell. and Ph. Fl. Beginning of August. Fr. at. Beginning of September. fl. Fiields, and meadows: common. 3 to 4 feet high. P. cases GALL5. Ph. Spikes alternate, and by pairs; glumes hispid, awned; racbis 5 angled, I. NNhdle of August. Fr, mat. Last of September. 11: b. Wet, lowv grounds, and meadows; drains of Barnyards, &c. common: 2 to 5 feet high. Obs. lWe have all the varieties noticed by Pursh. This is a coarse, rank gass, and very' worthless. To 'l-ed, none of the foregoing species are considered of any value, it an agricultural point of v iew. # Y 'or P. MAl 1CVtJJM or dillet, see appendix of cultivated olants. i i f I :.._ ._ /71 I [ t<7 { IN f' / 4? i 1 /Y F: 1~ / I I .VfZA QBIIA. DTACcYNIhA. -j 1 ilcnera in .'Sj)ineS. r" L'fINISITUM. Nutt. Gen. SO. Lt~at c:~e a ~eniC a , a bristle; tij( bri tly ins'olucre being plinmose ?, i .w;~ac'e^r (-, many bt-is l"i:'" lorets ctoole. It! 1LE, (rarely NVEU'T.) Go:" 4':115::_ seance>: IT(.: ._arir. TCal. 2 valve" ui nuna Cor'. va'lves cartilag nous. P.'es'u R. . Il. 1)Id Spike` tea"e:, invloccis bristly-fasciculate; corolla alode" iI'ai . '~r3 ly r'g's:^. ic'1[?l al ":1 ,'a~ ':11 lIahl. Z? Fe o- tall 'ass. Bottie , rass. FI. _ ;i.u July, and ':t.r Fr. nilrat. Diiddle of Aut , and". afste'r. 11ab. SL( b 1c i'i In ::tncv's orchards, c. very common. I' to 3 tea;t Inl. ah 'millsweli n. gra-" mcirol abunadant titan welcome in our c'' iivatwrl r' ^,17al:'; as cattle nn, not yery 11:1,1 of it. I inOn'r how ver ft Id uplon tOe ri ;L seeds. Is it a sative.'tr -tilith (isce c~eca'i. art. PAN lanai) decid"-idy .nje:t. tO tic grounds OnL Ni i this gens is crectad; and I amn by no mecas awue thn i e is~ not cvrrtct. 55. ATI1iiRiP0 0 . Autt. Gn. aIO [Gr. A1thct or Aither , abistl, or awn, and Pc u),,obard; tit 6'_.ns ba^.ng bristle-like.] Spilclets alternate, in a raceme. Cali. 2 valved; inner seti'orm.N Cdr'. 1 valved, withl 3 exser'tcd r' HERDIA'a. Cur'. 2 valved; exterior tridlentate; interior birdantat. eerd naked, oilo'""('. A. APL~UDOMF~S. Mulhl. Spikelets numerotts, reflcexted, "en:':'l earl' 4 to 10 glnicics; leave lc anrceolate: Synoit. Chloris curtipendula. .i'tfr. Cynosncus sectinrin" Ph. *l F/. LAter end of July. Fr. r- Jt. Begining of Se ptember. Fetb 13arren tidge, north of E. 17othinoto's abundannt. I to feet h i h. C~s This ha rlowe anl retncr'rhle gias is quite local anl cir"'tnsraaenl in its ha1)itat; hemIpin only to be secit en the tnmOt tet iv1!' parts 0f the 1" r'. r'iri" , (Ii comipany Shill railltn :'L.c anira st;.irta. tC ) whetre 1;?~v. tr ,eat .hdnnw 'Ice n' het is ai e of a be'u1U itt lltnabar' or li-li, c 1"PU1:lion-e~ooi,; cold cre (lul'tt m~s' iteti the plant is tn bloom.'i he accot':an tine plae, ti'nl dracving ny ;T nn c~'i',1 "If-tiugt e' '.ii i aflord a tolerasbls correct ilea of then tsal't o th plant; alithsou~l the crtust had' et ine aiv.ittage of a hotaies1 eye. The tlorets coinlostig eachb pil' ci '' are arranger int pairs on thenoe sirde of a flat refl' ted racht,, wxhich looks as i it n'tot iii ave b)en shav'rlOS~ ios"' ti the P stall,: and the saikeli'ta (10f to hi in numnbet ) although their footstalk s proceed from op posite sioes 0C the steim, or coin' '"'ci rchis, and appear at first in two ranks, -yet they are fanally all turned to one "side, n kin:; the racenino coici, or one iraked. Pi rsh, who dlid not see thits "" assa akes Alichaux's Chlor' "nrtipendi~da a diteinct plant; as likewvisa does 'Willdenocc T1hey ate unioubtedlly the s ime; and the C)'tsosurns 'seenils of Jur so, is pirobably nothing else. CLattl, are pretty fond of it whlstoa it is yvoung' but it becomes rather hard 56. MOLLUCO. ANett. Grit. 1.25. T1bsecure; supposed to be ir'ons tile Lat. 11 elfis, soft; beeause of its soft leaves.] Cr:. , leaved, colored in ide. Cop. 0. CAT'S. 3 celled, 3 valved. SnEED numerous, reniforna. AM. \'IrILLATA. E,`. -,temn prostrate, branching; leaves verticiliate, cuineiform; peduncles I flowered. Vtago-Carpet-cveedt. Indian Chickwe ed. -t7. Middile of July, and after. F'. nt. fleginning of August, and after Hab. Gardens, fields, &c. common. Branches 3, to 6 or 8 inchtes long , its ec'ery direction. Ole Some of the seeds are ripe before thew plaint has pitt forth all its flowers. I have observed it orca- $ionally to be 'Petrandi'ois, in gardens, ttnd othier rich soils. 57. QUEIA. iNutt. Gen. 22.. [Inn honor of Don Juse Que' y Mwartinrz; a Spanish Blotanist.] CAL.. 5 parted, conisivent, Cur. 0. ,Stm . 3, rarely 5. CArs. utricular, not opening. nEED 1, sub-reniform. C(? CANAnxecsis. Bart. Fl. Phil. Stem dichotomously branched; loaves cuneate-oblon , glabrous. Syninn. Anychia dichiotomla. 1"L. and Pit. A.. canadensis. Ell. Vulgo-Forked CI'.iekcverd Fl. Middle of June, and after. Fr. met. Beginning of Augulst, and after. *'+bl. -Dr", hilly woodlands: common. 4 to 12 inchla hligh. ()l. " have set cvitbi soio remarkcale stariefies of flh4 phit; with very small leaves and large stipt.dles. D- LlT,11 CfA. .7 Grtii. 126. f in honor of Johni I cei a wdish Potanist.] s>AL.. S leav'ed. CORt. pCtals 3i, iloear. C .!P!. 3 ealld 3~ Vaired with.3 inner.l val14es. t Ieo Iin ,eh Cob(. IL. sNr JOee. Pirt. Fl Ts'1;U. Stemn rroct, vi"o ls; leavs ov l-lanceolate, niueronate, haliry; flowers cin~tercd. Si- .l'. nS1. L7:ott. Vid/go--Pin-vwe d" F. Ha~tter enl] of July. Fr. ait, I.^ t oft Sri tmber. Di .frv, sterile banks: Barrens, k&c. frequent. 1 to 2 ',-:'t hiedi; semi -fr ute-seent: flowers browvn. L nMINOD. fi rirt. Fl. PU! i. Stern1 assorgent; leaver, liiiear°-Iaeonite, acute; flow e's diffused, pjedicellate- FI./IPeginning of Aunist. I'r- iot. of qin e i ctoer :trxr. Phi. Procuimbent; leaves linear-oblarnceolate, obtuse, in fives and fours; corolla mostly trifaid, 'i Sy aon. G. (7laytoni. 111-. Vb/1ro-Lauies' bedl-straw. - F1 Beginning of July. Fr. nut.l Ler'iJnning of September: i I'&. Lsav grsounds, and moist places: Path; Barrens: frequent. I to 3 feet long: fioweis Whi1.te. §2. Fruit hispfid. Gi A A7T` 7L- Ph. !'teals 1!ecid, retro-scabrous; leaves long, linear-oblanceolate. mucronlte, nostly in a' 1701110-C ommont Clesav rs, or (:livers. Goose-grass. Ceiceli-weed. Rlobin-run-thoc-- iaedge. Fl. MIiddle of May, and alter. Fr. ase;t. Latter end of July. flab. Fence-rows, and rich, shaded places: ofaten e-rtending or S feet: flowers white. C,. pss~osra £1.2Il term roughish, erect, or assurgent; leaves in 4's, oval, ciliate; peduncles dichotor ou. S'wn. (. pucticltoOsOi. 111X? 1. Lattei end oi Jne, and after. Fr. seat. Last of August. 11ub. Cr~y qtren~, ban,i~ among bushes, &c. R. Strodes: F, to 2 feet high; flowers reddish brown. G. LINCEOLns ri'. 'r. aeungd. Sedri'. Stem erect, smooth; leaves in fours, ov'atc-lanceolate, F1. Last of func -an d alter. Fr. mait. Middle of September. Halb. Woodlands::Patton's; frequent. 12 to 13 inches high; flowers brownish lpurple, sometimes whitiN1h. Wbs. This appiroachses near to G. trifloruin, of Mx. The leaves are finely ciliate at margin; but are pre'ts Curtied!- inl tours, -rtd not. mucronate. Tihe whole plant smoothisis and erect; the flower-branches mostly terminal, tong;, ande d' varieate. C1. C5sI:nlOtTUM. 1:11. Stem flaccid, smoothish; leaves in 6's, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate; peeduncles trifid. 1`1. !Middle of July, and after. -Fr. viet. Last of Scptcrnber. .1-Tab, Woodlands, and moist, shaded grounds: Eacth; B~randywine; frequent: flowers white. G N seecrsIATrvr PhS. Stern rou-hish; leaves in G's, lanaceolate, acuminate; mlargins & ribs bristly-ciliate. Fl. Latter end of July. Fr. mat. Last of September. .ij. Woods, and meadowxs: Joseph Tiy lor's mieadowv, &c:. frequent: flowers yellowish, or dirty white. Ulls. T his approaches the foreg-,oing; hut is, perhaps, sufficiently distinct. Ca. CHIc -EZArVS. _31. Stern erect, smooth; leaves in fours, ovate; peduncles dlivaricate; fruit nodding: ,.bsmson. G. brachiatuna. .Mss/l. not of Purshs. Fl. Latter end of June. Fr. met. Last of August. 11drb. Woodlands: Bath; Patton's, &c. frequent. 12 to 1S inches high: flowers purpli. 0/c'. This specias may be readily known by the fact, (first mentioned to me by Dr. Baldwin,) that tht- isaves, when chewed, are remarkably swvect,-resembling the taste of liquorice root. 62. SPERMIACOCE. Nutt. Gens. 133. [Gr. ,Sperrn, seed, and Akoke, a sharp point; the fruit being beaked, or pointed.] CAL. 4 toothed. Con,. funnel-form, 4 cleft. C Apsv- zS 2, conn~ate, each 2 iHorned. ;. Ionmx. Ell. Hirsute; leaves linear-l-rnccolate: stipules long-bristled, flowers opposite, axillary, sessile. w ulP o--Button weed. Fl. Middle of August, and after. r. 7rat. Latter end of September. Jlab. Dry, sandy banks: roadside, fiou Stred'cs miull to Eralvdywine. 4 to 12 inches high: branching. 0bs This plant is very abundant alon the 'dc1 -r od. towards Lonaongrove; but rather scarce in this i'ladaevicinity, except along the road fontdsd Mill, to istar's Br-idge, wheeilis lnifl h flower, with us, are uniformldy pale red; an',-not It~i'n, as Pursh has it. I have little dloubt but it is the S. b~fSa'opifolia, of Rie", Cyciopsadia; as thet . .itor of that work seems inclined to suspect. -f3. 1I ;STNIA, Natt. Gen. 136. [In hosier of Dr. I Villiesss fiber/urn; an English B~otanist.] CAL. 4 toothed. Cott. fun~nel-form, 4 cleft. C Ars. 2 celled, half superior, openaing transversely. IT. CI 2rILUA.. Ph. Stemi erect, setaceociS, diesototnous; radical leaves spathula te; peduncles lon-, 1 flowered. Usslo-D warf Pink. Bluets. Innocence: Fl. l\4iddle of ApAril, till autumn. Ps-. mnat. Middle of June, and after. 1-ub. Meadows, thin woods, and old fields: common. 2 to 4 inches high: flowers blue; sometimes white. C4 MIT'CI-IELLA. _Null. Gens. 1'33. [In honor of Dr. Jo/hn M1itchell; a Botanist of Virgiinia.] CAIL, 4 toothed, COR. in pairs on the sa me germ, funnel-form, ,4 parted. Bicismy twin, 4 seeded. M. REpE~vs. Il. Stem prostrate; leaves opposite, petiolate, cordate-ov ate; peduncles axillary, solitary. Vidgo-Partridge-berry, Turkey-berry. Chequer-berry. Ground Ivy. Fl. Middle of June. Fir. seat. Last of September. li-sb. Moist woodlands: Patton's and Matlack's wood.,, abundant. 6 to 12 inches long: flowers white. Obs. This beautiful little evergreena oftens retains its redl berries until the flowers of the succeeding year have appeared. It thrives well when removed with a sod; anid woakes a handsome covering~ for thle etirthi, ix pQtv, Qa" bovj, t oiitaining g''eeisouse r l robbery'. b. (t'o'oll. terolu/ou,,; or, atone. 6.3. L.' lWIGTA. 'a Iti. Gent. !V,.t- [is1 honor of GO ki-s/ti GnU/lidb Liadt;i,;; a Gnermian Potanist. Cxuk. 4 parted, persistent. C:?SL. 4 lpetalled, or 0. (hrs. 4 angled, 4 celled,meg''s L. ce- M:' :i'[i : lt ,'t"tn ei ' Ct, br:^'te'iti leaves A riIat , lIue]eolatn' flower]s . petled C;l Quoyno L. ib a 'alit. ? 1 i'lt. FLa and ,hal/1al'.L atc Loose-sty ife. Fl itbe ' 'i of Jit , a ft e. Fr 7t1J. Latter cnal of jcdir iIra:h $wam;- mein'low;s, andl :-loug Ii' ile',; freeat. '2 ao 3 feet liii Ii fin;cr a yellow. IL. r A "fFt .C" F n A ' rec;:u'; Ecaes cil':'' c os ftelant ekSlt, , aperting at base: floiver~ 1it .S'iaoi nitid L . oi aI; 10 taiaraspa to-Arts. illil. 'Vl Jfl it c t It'' e3"-'tin'" of My, ands ar Ir teit. i telhe of Scletibe'. 11, b LOW, risll" mcci ' -' frcquent.'st Ito it0 iii' 'is long: smooth and succulent Obs I am "t;sf'"el tia Ois 't A a U e rid'.VU" 66. KRNUS P~i/. GJn. 143. [Lat. Guon, tacit; to allusion to t hor-ny toughers of its waood~j CAL. smsall, 4 toothed. Con. petals sittall, broader at the ba-se. DiUEra coatai Ang a 2coilednstit. 1. F/nieres Woue'rrate: 0e Afeeds. C nj,eatmc. L'7 A -boraege; leaves osae, acuminate, inivolucre large,, ohecordate; drupcs ovate. V~cgo-i-D Awant. Ige fiowered C oroel. M:,ale Virginian Docgwoord. I' sit Ple Uf May. r. mat -ast of September. I _t otionds a ' P ry ,whete common. 10 to 20, and soettimes, thout'h rarcly, 30 or 40 feet higt (i,.'I - s; a 1l sir ill ftree (:o toulch admra ed, cxlri ain flower, for it, showy avbltiU tvolucres) po ill i hi pro ed. 1 h' te ar is anstae t to ic-ppr oachIing the (atnhl ''b n' efficacy. H r ili ''rme is--t/ I"-' h`:is, 81 1 Ba'. 'i tra- lit -ti'n ofi thei yountg fdecs 'iid boot Inc foes cn l h'5 le' ~relarty dispspeeed i t "ne, it .t'i, f or sl tasters . 1h< cent is ver y iras i '1 i M chn''eis, tor nick .; woolden asedgs. W' tat mih even delete cl.,sica 1 autnot ity for K ' tsr arla Pin 'i'aeeafs- as Virgil says " i lbu i c1,1 Cn's-cU- itl 'ii he certainly had t fet- t'll'- to --;itt r's 1'/ "t'ebably to.e' i?` ' nut Piait Uri observS Fin rnw mes aw3 tht the proper time to )tt 'Z'' C2o" (`- iit.is Nv w'-the its-it v'srf t11 1it" wo'd -'s-li tutu Ij) car'iCe I Slave ;e!ltie ', tilrt 1' oe'i''c sp-: cc ivolnlf:m 's (U. cf'1 cicaa5n) oiith aiL sle o the I ckeno aouti - tea, ic1ti:sats and believe i ex'cliiveiy centincel to such retriens- § 2. Fiocea stked: in Cyiiea.- 4C" SeesIhtA. EU. Leaves oval, acuminate, sily beneath, with a russet pubescence on the ribs. Sginon. C. tanasgiunosa. Air. C. saolgoinea?. Meskalt. Val/go-Red-rod. Red-willow. Sawamp Dog-wood- Ail. ile of June. F, mat. Beginnitig of October. .'Uti. lSwarsigs, spriagheads, and rivulets: Brandy-wine: frequent. 5 to S feet high: flowers white. 01;. Tis', shruba also possesses tonic virtoes. See ae above. 'ie young branches are of a handsome red colt--n ta~ fle ie bet,. s a bight hilue. A- i '- - AIW 11 -r aw'es ovate, of'en obovate, acuminate, hoary beneath; cymes depressed, excpandting, C. ci( l"'-ole. Ph. .Dll. &c. Va/g-o-Alternate branche:d, or Female Virginian Dog-wood. 14 k1' os' r re.3oFr t. Last of Joly. Bob Fl 'tws andt] icktets ftequent. 10 to 15 feet high: flowers white: berries globose, dark: blue- P;A The a~ .itaer'fosuc li rt cry applied to this species, is by no means a happy one. Marsitail's fl'5t, ir°:ict l~te t~ tii rrhes, ip ar ii is better. I'~ ~~~?h i":cetLk -P1Rianchi s erect' leaves oval-lanceolate, acuminate, hoary beneath; cytnes paniculate.. r;. 'a nlii - ia. :ha a' lai'l r-lgo-W1"vhite Dog-wood. Swamp Anmerican Dog-wood- CiAleie at JO uwa Fr. sno t. iidle of September. -ins im ' ,, R .oaets ,a west of Stcde's 1M: rare. 4, to 6 or S feet high: flowers white. e:]sto a"' fhe '-- imy, mared ora/ 111. of Pnc'h. I have onlly meIPt with it in the eboviemese {il;r l 'i.:r: aev seas we': ot Josepth Snrode' al.1fil. Thei ripe buerries ae white, and globose. . FLOwFRS TINFERIORS. a. Coerei/a -noiopeteioiis. 61" P',_T2 I IGO. i'sttt. Grit. 145. / [' ]n'rol y of :cute: I' er'zee""' so'-g"sts, "qitiaje/entis peduitn juxta vias cooculcatur."] i; on '-"-ikeci safcjs. CAL. 4 elcit. Cot'. 4 cleflt. Stan. vejy log, Cars, 2 celled, circutoscissed,  "Proceedings of the Sesqui-Centennial Gathering of the Descendants of Isaac and Ann Jackson at, Harmony Grove, Chester Co., Pa., Smo. 25, 1875, together with their Family Genealogy." This work, in large octavo, printed on tinted paper of superior quality, embracing 375 pages, furnishes a record of more than 3,000 descendants of Isaac and Ann Jackson, inclnding family records of some others bearing the same name, thoughi not yet traceable to a common ancestry ; with many of whom, however, the descendants above referred to were connected by marriage, so that in the aggre- gate we have registered, nearly all with dates, about 4,000 descend- ants of these branches ; and prominent among the names may be found the Starrs, Windles, Gibsons, Bailys, W\oodwards, Vhitsons, Wilsons, Harlans, Canbys, Carters, Chambers, Coopers, Evans, Haines, Iladleys, Huttons, Brintons, Moores, and the Lewis, Hilles and Phillips families, with others, many of whom are widely scat- tered throughout the States of our Union. Some of the Jacksons referred to emigrated about the begin- ning of the 18th century, from Lancashire, England, and it is not improbable that these and the families who subsequently came over and located in Chester Co , Pa., and its contiguous parts, may, by future investigations, be traced to the same ancestral line, and the common relationship established beyond all doubt. The price of the Work is $2.50, or, if sent by mail. $2.75 per copy, which, on receipt of money, will be promptly forwarded by the compiler, HALLIDAY JACKSON, West Chester, Pa., or by NVILLIAM JACKSON, 1906 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. The Publisher of the Work was EDWARD H. WALTON, 706 Arch Street, Philadelphia. NOTICES. The July number of the New England Historical and Genealogical Regis- ter a quarterly magazine published in Boston, says: "The volume relating to the Jackson Family gives the proceedings at the celebration of the 150th Anniversary of the landing in 1725, at New Castle, Del , of Isaac Jackson, the emigrant ancestor of the family to which this work is devoted. He was born in Ireland in 1665, and was a son of Anthony Jackson, who, with his brother Richard emigrated in 1619 from Lancashire to Ireland, The marriage certificate of Isaac and the letter which he brought from the Friends' Monthly Meeting at Carlow, Ireland, are preserved by the family, and copies of them and other early documents are printed here. The exercises at the celebration were appropriate and interesting. The genealogy here given is fully carried out and clearly arranged. The book is handsomely printed and bound. It has an excellent Index." " Books received. They are quite a surprise in regard to their make up. We are highly pleased."-Gibson Binns, Fayette City, Pa. " The Record is very handsomely gotten up and as far as I find, accurate. It reflects credit on its compiler."-J. C. Harper, Cincinnati, Ohio. The 'Record ' is entirely satisfactory. I am much pleased with it. It is a handsome volume, print and paper good."-111 H. Hopkins, Glencove, Long Island. " The ' Jackson Family Record' is a handsome, neatly executed work that required much time and labor to collect and arrange the family relation- ship It has some valuable history. The Record may lead to much friendly intercourse among relations that was lost sight of."-Jos. Cummins, Sidney, 0. " The Books are received, and upon a cursory examination I think they must have been gotten up with great care and at the expense of much time, and may be regarded as a ' work of labor and love.'- WMn. Jackson, Syracuse, N. Y "The 'Record of the Jackson Family' is satisfactory in every respect. I desire to return my thanks for the arduous labors in its preparation."-Benja- min Webb, Richmond, Ind. " I am pleased to see that the 'Record' was gotten up in such neat style; and the Family should feel lasting gratitude to yourself and the Publishing Committee, and others who interested themselves in this 'labor of love,' to preserve for future generations a history of the family."-R. P. Jackson, Georgetown, D. C. Secretary of Delaware Co Institute of Science thus writes: "I am directed to return you the special thanks of the Institute for your kindness in present- ing us with such a valuable acquisition to our Library." "What a beautiful book you (the Committee) have gotten up. I have not yet looked it all over, but as far as I have, I am very much pleased with it."- A J. Woodruff, Newtown, Bucks Co., Pa. "The Book is exceedingly interesting, especially to me, who, on account of my long residence in California, could not keep track of my relatives."- Wm J. Lewii, San Prancisco, Cal. "So far as I have seen, the Book is very satisfactory, and creditable to those who have had the care of its compilation and publication."-IVi)n J. Canby, Washinjton, D. C. " We are much pleased to have the 'Jackson Family Record.' Its appear- ance is very creditable to all concerned in its getting up."-J. T. Duvall, Hartford Co., Md. ".Received the Books safely and well satisfied with them."-R. Eifort, Greenup Co., Ky. " We are much pleased with the 'Jackson Records,' and think them well arranged."-Sam'l Pim Jackson, Bristol, Eng.   /2' JI~i$ Pb. r-t"i: E0t. JIl- Leavecv ctn~sroothhsh; scape tercte. Spie longy, with the flowers hobrinated. Vnls;;o-Coinuon, or Great Plantain. Way-bread. Fl. Beginning of June till artun.n. mat. A ugust, and after. flab. Moist, rich grounds; along foot paths, and about houses; very common. Scapes 6 to I8 inches hi s Oh-. A natnraliz, J foreigner. The scape frequently bears one or two leaves, near thte spike of flow- ers, and is then fi itt:red, or i-ted. The leaves are often used for uresshli bli:.ew and othrl sore. It is aild our naiv £ cdi ins (::11 t.i I n'it " he wiLe mena's fooJt,''-froe theC cirornstanee of its dlighting to grow in traveild p. iiivays and ;:dvxni ing in to the country peni poasa wih the whiltes. P. L ANettOLTA~ . Ell. L es anceolate, hairy; spike cylindric, or subovate, nak'ed; scape angled, hei:ryd.!ln.: i~lPati.Iipegas ~biot ukhr lnan 1'l. Mtlle of May, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of July. ilab. Meadtows, Ii cl: and grass lots: common. Scapes 1 to 2 feet bigh O1)s. Thi species- is also a naturalized foreigner. It is not much esteemed by the farmers of this vicinity -tioiii~ in somne itrilihorhloo Is it hiks been occasionaily cultivased; and horses, horned- cattle, and sh eti are all iond of i. It hi-s iicoine so comnmon, that it is dlifficult to procuie tue seed of red clover entirely clear of it; and it bidl fait to pirevail still more extensively. P. VIRGINtt t Ph. Covered with whitish pubescence; leaves oval-oblanc.eolate; flowers rather remote, Vel go-White Plantain. Virginian Plantain. l. -Middle of May, and after. F,. mat. Mtiddle of Jttne, and after. Heab. Sterile old fields, and stony hills: frequnrt. Scapes 3 to 8 iiaches hlsr. 6S. AtND' UIA. girut. Fl. Phi/in!. 82. [Dedicated bv Sprengel to Mr. Andrezir- all Ln lishi Florist; author of a work on Poses.] CAL. 4 parted, axpressed. Corn. subcampanulate, 4 oarted:&i gnithiek,sub-binid. CAPS. I celled, 2 valved. A. PA1nsCOLATA. Fl. Ph il. Stena sonmewht branched: peduncles opposite; corolla the len~th of the calyx. Sync-s Rartonia paniculata. 1lirthl. Sagina virg-inica. UWi/Id. Centaurella painiculata. Nix. Nuit. 4- Ell. 'l. Beginnaing of August. PF'. mat. Misb. Stetile fields, and woodlanids; Barren ridge; Geo. Darlington's: rather scarce. 3 to 9 inches high. Ohs I haave adopted the above namte, in the hope that it may prove maore fortunate than its numerous !T- decessors; though, I confess, I always thought Mluhlenherg's name, lRartonia, altogether uawccep- tijnable, until it was superseded by the Bartottia of Nuttall atad Pursh. 69l. OBOLARIA. Yutt. Cem. 152. [Grx. Oh~olos a small Atdenian. coin; aviich the leaves of this plant are supposed to resemble.] CAL. 0, hut 2 br~actes. Cont. c ampanulate, 4 cleft; bearing a Stanion in each cleft. CAPS, ovate, 1 celled" 0. VIRGINIeCA. ^ t/t. Leaves opposite, sessileo, cuneiform, and sub.-rhonaboid; flowers axillary, sessile. Vidgo-Penny-wort. Money-wort. Fl. Latter end of April. F,. teat. Middle of June. 11ab. Rich woodlands: Bath; F orks of Brandywine: frequent. 3 to 6 inches high: flowers paleblue Ohs. This is an interesting little plant, but apt to be overlooked by all but botanical observers,-as it is ulsually pretty mnuch bittied anon; tiie dead leavxes, avntch cover the grricfiid in rich woordlandls, where it g'rows. The whole planst is oi a fleshy texture, the toot tomnewhat coralloid; the stein 4 aingled, iiiclining to be wavy, ot flextiose, occas'onally branched, with two or three iremote pairs of small, opposite, scale--like leaves upon the lower part: tie tipper leaves are also oppositc, rather crowded, cun iformn, or oblong--trun- cate, and elofn ntearly rahomodal sessile an sligt-htly d~ecurrent. The flowvers are axillary, and sessile in the bosom oi tht. br-i te'-; the latter standini- ciross-wise with the leaves. Froti the upper pair of leaves proceed to-cce tlowers the central otne terminating the stem. Both leayes atid bractes, are of a greenish purple, or dingy copper color, and toe flowers vary fiom whitisit to pale blue, or purple. The seeds are 11UmerouF,v< mnute, of a pale strawa color, sliuing and niapharions The acrunIlpanying plate gives a tol- erable: representation of the outliner of the lant:, fronm -a iiediumo specimns. V/len I first met with it, I Was cnnvinci it wa, stricl dv 1'rrn-zdeozt Anid so stated my opiiiion to the late Professor Bartotn; but hie re(ceived the s ugreecun wiithi his wonted caution, anaI expr-essed his doubts. I however venttired to arrange it in my catalogue aiccords i,: to my ownl o.pitioti; tied when I lear'nt that Sirl. Nuttall was about pr'eparing for the press- lis c--eel it 5x om : on tihe Amricati Genera, I took the liberty or coturn-uniceating to him msy 'news ott the s bet -t, omenh I was gratited to find, on the appearatnee of his hook, were confirmed by thiat able and accuirate Botanist. It may be proper here to reitark_ that tlie plate (together with the others) was en ;raved several years ago, -prior. to the cornaueis-ement of D~r. WV. P. C. B~artoti's Amtericati Flora, which contains a D._gore 01' llits plant-oter ises I should not icve -zen the. sutyorlluous trouble to procutre it, 70) 'KTCLi Tf Y A5:t. Gen. 1t~1. COL !:e.'1, °.: '1eWetsI_-r,. S ir_0. ep i;,rotate, 4 ceft. (lAPT4 -"1 l,:el. 2 celd aas rybilada:;, long, sta;t* ,. I't c lon; heaves uncqaytahy jInt1,a ; lcaflets snt c ,- >1K y-iOv ofQt1'r.rrte f _n -v C7~s r' '): ,o _` ~iei 001 ut ""ot J i"! :flwei ht 0),. . ;n a -) of ii i-o r"t, o-i 1- il l l'- t ;p-' 271t: int') t!I - ; T1,";. iil as has beell 00 , t.2 1 - `=". .. ._,. M ..,., 1:-iwe1v d E]J it II) i,3 tlte 1 Ci `l'lf' ll TCo t K- 10.e.-,i e'e oaiI c t c.t lt-rit Iii 0 1 jOtO C i;fet m-ai- eSLCI. ^:.C - !''r 1_ _1-i I / Pit] f: 11'i'S Ii"':' . E. t k T_ -I-c ly * 4l llt ! ) tb om ngoal. '11;' -Suoi rea i 'I-:t1 1 0MS id Wtl , mt I 'cbbg.e`UIk-WCCII, }al. 33,-iotliog ol IMardi" by, v-ud 1_n Dole-r t1 -e o r i'cit hI c--atr' ---I-c -s-I-id- Th I inlQ'I root, when oCt-weal, causesC a. '-t toe t1 'liaigyo pricing so wta, iltnll t eq '-liin: P a'-. A -" 1 01. C-Il CII outl- stance Out this Ilalt, wic~th '-v ls o ot iou- Ir -raiidroll , Slit11 lve L -c arm lllv b}" lldc-now in I'JtilldI-irl; by 5diliar-x i'- -i-ee ci a. a.1 by Push iin Polyuttd'a 72. 11AMAIL TFAZ:,. Na .(t G?17.11f [Thc denivatin, Ca Guis nons IS 00501cuC, rliCi111 oaluataf~lttoa'y 21ce- Theia-] 1ae'itre s leaved_ C'Al- 4 cleft. pet=;ilctt Core- ;etals 1, long, linle<_-. -Nut 2 horned, 2 celled- II. vntii- is a.Ji lt. Fl. Phil. ?'v Css cc thovat and oval, i-o.ther_ uo at hasp( -lutate-dentate. Va/go;-va' itC~Tt-h! ick;. l Mlille cf GC -tol es-, and_ aifter. --co-Fctmr,/'slY-t'p7tt Itch- Bottlers of moist woodlands; bmois of rivulets &c. frequent. S to 12 2(,t illigi: Iloive rs greertidl yellow- ORs The flowers of this singular shrub appear after it has sitd its b-av es ill Ot'110 and continue through tie greater p art of winter, apparently udlatictl li. tile c-old. Possibly this anollaly liay Ihavte given rise to suo of toe absurd notions, respecting its snagical v'irtules, which still infest a fexY of the credt- slils- - For CUCtastr, or dodder,-See class Pentandria. 0nm wrrcAtm% 73. ILEX.-LN-at. Gon.- 163 [Etymuology obscure: Berrooe sstys, "a voce hebraica,,I Aloe rpc gi-e- o co. .Polygitto: Catr. tnite. 4or 5 toothed. Coap. rotate, 4 parted. style 0. Itignsao -I. Eaaer- 4 eede&t I. OFPACA. P F- 1-bl. te sox-at, with i1ld, spreadiua, s-nlronS t'-eth; fr'int ovate, briglht r-ed 4'ypos. I. aquifoliont- Jbioc'ailll- f iS -o-.met 'can Holly. Fl. Middle of June. F.wn Hiab. Woodllands: Barrens; Forks of E'randywine: rare. 10 to 20 feet high: flowers whitish-. Ohs This haelrloe evergeen tree it of small growl' w .; j ee-ry rare, a1nd when found, is neomdiy tr-ansplnnyd ablout fil>Cv 08,1sa orl1fietlt. It is taid that ic Iriiit e tay ho) extracted Loin the bark; for t''c mod00 0f preparing 1Vhich:, Se lt -ax co-f--as. Jk-est- vol. 2. 11. 1ff! 74. POTA'ffT 2ETON. NP/it-. Gen. I55. [I'- V/cooariver1 amt Gtite-tn, neiglhbor; from? its usual pliace of growth-] .4 leaved. Coat2. 0. Svtyle UP. Siigrno 4I. S-cans 4l, naked- P. NT tNA i - %i- .C .i'VO5 Sitianceolste-ovtdl, floating, On boug petioles; spikes assurgeoat. Velgo-4 joth u oc -I--rt-ed. Ft. Miid~tl o tf and W olfe:. Ti-. 7a. lfitidle of Septemrber- I-ib- Pon~S c-'-elc, al: rlvolll.ts: commrpon. 9 to 1S iches loug: flowers dulil gree'n. Obs. Line tfll-rt a- ' ail :S, it acco mmodate's itself to tbe dlesih i fwstCt' in whil It gto vc-s P TT sr-rs. ThI"r. LeaVeS lon:;-lanceolale, t-)pering to a petol: ti l_ ''e '-it i's lee,, C "ll!direai: a~ c uinnatoin, of t~im Gettitan riaCt' P t,'"C i ii 0~r ,oit tiint.. 1''l `,Tlc '.a of August. r "ii flit. ILpid wvaters of the lirandywine: frequent. 2 to feet long: flowers g-reenisi brown. P to ~ipM? Pitl. Leaves miostly alternate, sub-m sin"C ICeaoi, nboeng-ov ate, uot- 'atce; spikes f ew-flowvered P. oIldie of Au :ust. r(t Hab. Roi'.1~ waters of the' lUrandywino: frequent- 1 to)- .cc~t loll?- flowvers redois 1 browrn. x)63-. This ' r-(its si'r:y t0 o n Ci ti ottomn totally sUt:.^ l'm I in swift runlntulm s 4c'r. The leaves t viery nb-s iiirelv if 4i .ll s -rrate, hut are urndate and t~lit I. i w th e 9f ae'a ostl latral 1 at first supposed it to bet '). f jjiLosriri, of -uT, -rx. Eli. Procumbent; hirsute; ieaves subulate, ciliate; corymbs few flowered, Vv go-AMountain Pink. Ground Pink. tlI Latter end of April. Fr. met- Middle of June. =: 4 Barren Ridbe; very abundant. 6 to 12 inches long: flowers bright purple. 0i's. This handisome little species is exclusively confined to the most sterile parts of the Parren Bidge; larg-l tracts of which are covered; and highly ornamented by its flame-colored flowers, about the last cf Ao. II. "17. FoLEMIONTUM. Nutt- Gets. 195. [Bre says "a _Poly, (fir.) osultuni, & notion, solurm, qttasi roulsa folia uinicun, foiilum componentia." CAL. 5 cleft. CoR. 5 lobed; tube short, closed at base by 5 stansiniferous vales. St1g. trifid. CArs. :1 celled, P. Rr. T s. li. Stem weak; leaves pinnate, by i's, 9's, and 11'a; flowers terminal, nodding. Tzr, go-Jacob's Ladder. Greek Valerian. 1-. Beginning of May. Fr. mnot. Beginning of JTune. tieSb Moist grounds; -meadows, and woodlands: frequent. 12 to 1S inches 1:igh: flowers sky blot. 88. AZALEA. Nlutt. Gen- 207. [Gr. Azalkos, arid, or dry; because it usually grows in dry soils, De Theis.] U-A parted. CoR.. funnel-form, or campanulate, 5 cleft, utnequal. Stein. & Style dleclined. CA~PS. 5 celled. :k UMFLtn.4. Ell. Flowers rather naked; leaves lanceolate-oblong; stamens much exser te:I. N,-,nois. A. periclymenoides. .Aix. and Pht. Vilgo-Wild Honeysuckle. Rosebiy- F!. Beginning of May. Fr-. smot. Beginning of June. Ilab. Wooidlands: very common. 2 to 6 feet high: flowers mostly red,-somnesiroes nearly white. it.The uerielies of this beautiful flowering shrub, are very nuumerous here; but I arsa nor certain that I1 have mret with any distinct species. 89. SOLANUIM.T Salt. Gre. 190. [Obscure: pe-haps from the Lat. Solar:i, to solace, or assuage; fiom its sunpposed medical virtues.] CAL. 5 cleft. Ca. sub-rotate, p~licate. Ant hers partly united, opening at point by double pores. S. NIGRUM. ?a. Stem unarmed, herbaceous; leaves ovate, anigled; fowers In umobels, nodding. Fl. Beginning of J'uly, and after. Ptr. mngf Latter etd of Atigust. glu?. Ao to gardens; and among r bbisl1 ir~te;"letl. 12 `lo 20 inches hi-1h:. flowSers5 wlil- ' PENTANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. S. CAROLiNENSE. Ell. Stem aculeate, annual; leaves hastate-angled, prickly on both sides; racermes loou . Valgo-Horse Nettle. Carolina Nightshade. T/. Middle of July. Fr. mat. flab. Roadside, near Marshalton; near Squire Graves's barn: rare. 1 to 2 feethigh: flowers bluish white. Obs. This is a stranger; believed to have been introduced by the late Humphry Marshall into his Botanic garden,-whence it has ercaped, and bids fair, if not kept in check, to be rather a troublesome plant; as the root is perennial, and tenacious of life. P0. PHYSALIS. Nrtt. Gen. 198. [Gr. Physa, an inflated bladder, or bag; in allusion to the bladdery calyx, enclosing the fruit.] CoR. campanulate-rotate. Stamens connivent, BER.RY 2 celled, inclosed in the inflated Calyx P. vsscosA. Ell? Leaves subcordate, repand; stem paniculate above; fruit-bearing calyx pubescent. Valgo-Clammy Ground-Cherry. F/. Beginning of July, and after. Fr. mat. September, and after. Hab. Fence-rows, roadsides &c. common. 12 to 18 inches high: flowers yellow. Obs. The fruit of this species is scarcely esculent. If it be the same described by Mir. Elliott, undp? that name, it rarely if ever, with us, attains the height he mentions; viz. 2 to 3 feet. P. PENNSYLvANICA. Ell. Leaves ovate, sub-repand; peduncles solitary, hairy, as long as the petioles. Viu1o-Esculent Ground-Cherry. Fl. Latter end of June, and after. Fr. mat. Latter end of August, and after. .Uab. Cultivated grounds; fence-rows, &c. frequent, About 1 foot high: flowers yellow. Obs. The berry of this species is considerably more pulpy than the preceding, and when fully rine is esculent, and admired by some. With us, the ripe fruit is, I think, always yellow, or orange colored; and not red, as quoted by Mr. Elliott, from Linnoeus. P. onsCusRA. Tor? Divaricately branched; leaves cordate-suborbiculate, acuminate, unequally dentate. Sysnon. P. pruinosa? Ell. Fl. Middle of July. Fr. mat. Hub. Stony banks: near Wim. Hawley's: not common. 9 to 12 inches high: flowers greenish yellow. Obs. Mr. Schweinitz, who examined my specimen, thinks it is the P. obscura, of Torrey; but sayi it is materially different from the P. obscura, as found at Salem, N. Carolina. b. Corolla mostly pentapetalous. 91. CEANOTHUS. Nutt. Gen. 229. 'A name derived from the ancient Greek writers, and applied to this genus.] CAL. turbinate, 5 cleft. Cor. petals squamiforin; claws long. CAPs. 3 angled, 3 celled, 3 seeded. C. AMERICANUs. Ell. Leaves ovate, acuminate, serrate; panicles axillary, on long peduncles. 'dlgo-New Jersey Tea. Red-root. Fl. Latter end of June, and after. Fr. mat. Last of September. Hab. Woodlands, borders of thickets, &c. common. 2 to 3 feet high: flowers white. Obs. This little shrub possesses considerable astringency in the bark of its roots; and may be useful, as Marshall and Schcpf say it is, in eonorrhoas, and other cases where astringents are indicated. It is said the leaves were much used by the Whigs, during the American Revolution, as a substitute for the proscribed Tea of the English East-India Company: which circumstance alone, judging from the sensible properties v1 the plant, might be taken as pretty good evidence of their zeal in the cause ! 92. CELASTRUS. Nut. Gen. 231. IA name borrovjed from the ancient Greek writers.4 CAL. 5 lobed. Style thick, perforate. CAPs. 3 valved; valves septiferous in the centre. SEEDs semi-arillatc C. sCANDENs. .Marslhall. Unarmed; lea s oong, and obovate, acuniinate, serrate; racemes terminai. Vulgo-Climbing Staff-tree. Wax-work. 1l. Beginning of June. Fr. mat. Beginning of September. H1ab. Woodlands, and fence-rows; Bath, &c. frequent. 10 to 15 feet high: flowers greenish yellow. Obs. This climbing, shrubby vine, though frequently to be met with, of a small size, along fence-r xen &C. is now very rarely found producing fruit, or flowers. rEI y--tioping {Prursh's error: and even Mr. Elliott has not altogether escaped its influence- as appears by tire following. note of my lamented friend, Dr. Baldwin; which note he left in may copy of Elliott's Sketch, during his last visit to me, in 1818. "`The Tr-illium ccrn it-n, of Pursb, and othier modern botanists, is entirely distinct from Catesby's plant; ;vhich has only been found in the Southern States. The Peninsylvanian plant is the T. penueumr, of the ]at- Dr. Muhlenberg. That sagacious botanist hall never seen the true cernrurn, until sent to hini by mre, in 1312. Mr. Elliott has, unfortunately, by c opying the error of Pursb, rendered confusion worse confound- ed. The cernruumr of Pursh, is the peidaiitifl of Elliott,--which, I suspect, is riot foundl in tire southern states, at all. The cermruin, of Elliott, is probabl~y a new species; (or it may be a variety of the penidulums, extending to CaYoiina-compare the fruit, &c.) while he has unfortunately given the name of Catesbnri to the true one. Mr. Nuttall appears to be correct. " 149. RUMEX. Nutt. Gen'. 353. [Lat. Rumex, a pike, or spear; from the shape of the leaves of some species.] CAL. 3 leaved. CoR. 3 petalled, connivent, persistent. Stigmas multifid. Seed 1, triquetrouts.. RI. causras. Ell. Petals entire, all dorsally graniferous; leaves lanceolate, curled, acute. Vrnio-Sour Dock. Curled Dock. Fl. Letter end of Me [Gr. ./lfoetes, one, aced tr-epo, to turces cc'. vc tee! nete Cbs:' F0 econe side.] CAL. 0. Coat. pseudo-pcolypetalou.s, persistent; 5 exttrtor gihbous at base. Q5 .lr. 5 valved. Seeds iumuerount M. UNIFLORtA. .tsactt" +;Ceis ereo'iv Cll1uet 1 ecowered,) Ux,'ec1 ceooliig .:lli eect 52 DECANDRIA. MTONOGYNIA. Trr go -B ird's nest. Indian pipe. 1"1. Last of June, till September." F,-. no;t. Last of July, and after flab. Woodlands: frequent. 4 to 8 inches high: whole plant white, succulent. BI1. r.Ax5TYONosA. 3&-~r Octandrous; stern spike-flowered- flowers and scalcs pubescent. .Synon. Hypopithys lanuginosa. Nutt. ~ Vilo-Pine-sap. False Beech-drops. 17. Beginning of July, and after. Pr-. niat. Beginning of August, and after. I-bab. Woodlands: Patton's: not common. 3 to Ci -Inches iis:whole plant reddish orange. Oths. These two plants seem so nearly allied that I have . cltehed to keep them top;Milr: but if the gr. nfly ypopitisys should finally be re-establ-ished, it ought probably to be transferred to the class Ociundris. b. lozera: irs-eg dEs-. 170. CASSIA. Ne ft. G,^). 3 [.:gn ancient name, of obscure etynmology.] CALs. 5 baed~e. Con.', rtalS- " Jlu), C,!, lowet- roxstrate. ou7 longer f1lamn1rts. _EC Lnrran: memhra1'n aceorr. C.MAY2.r, Or A. Ph. Leaflets inl js fut 3 fe Iensee~ nsaiflowecrcd; 1 llumes cur. ea. [,:igo- 'ildl Senna. I+'1. Latter curl of July. t= . rtu. Peainilig (1i Ootolle. Ilab, Lowe grounds: Urandyvvin-, &c. frequent. About 4 feet high: Blowels yellow. Ohs. The leavee are said to lo a toler-'e' -.t t,,itute for the Sen vs of the shsops. Previous to riowyerin itis often mistaken fur a young locust *c, h - re 1 s ohc: c_ rlteeC. TrTAII5. Ph ILeaflets 1In rosny rsre.,ii~a jro e'1.lun1 clusPtered, few-flwrd lwrspitnru Vulgo-Wild Sensitive plant. Fl. Beginning of August, and after. Fr. sat. Bezinnin of October. flab. Dry, sandy banks: roadsides, &e. veer rcixisvoo. 6i to S1? a ches hull flu)Wes yellowv. Obis. The leaves of this specie-s are' r~me hst irritrable, like those of thlrPaiu hi'. , or sensitive iTant The C. rheriircr ata grows about Wilinington, Del burt I have not IiC 11 iti ..t :i ..c to ths place, except i1 gardens. x'71. BAFJ'I{3.1. 'Vsstt Geir. 40U C -t CAL. half 4 or 5 cleft, bilahiate. Corn. papiiionaceesss. Sturn. cad'cows ? ,E,.ui-v ventricoe, podicellate' B. Tt~rvr.r. Ell. Glabrous; leaves ternate; leaflets cuneate-oho'-ate, surb-sessile; racernes termninal. S'yrin. Podalyria tinctoria. i/i d. ltr. Ph. &c. FulgO-Wild 11ndi-o. Fl. Middle of June. Fr-. mat. Middle of September. Hab. Dry, hilly woodland's: very common. About 2 feet high, ve-ry bushy, or branching: flowecrs yellow. O21= 7 IGY IA. 172. SAXIFRAGA. Tull. Genr. 405. fLat. S'oxum, a rock, and franpo, to break; from its often growing in clefts of rocks.] CAL. 5 parted, persistent. COR. 5 petalled. CAPS. birestrate, opening lbetween the beak=, many seeded. R. vIGNsaerC.. F<'l. Phil. Leaves spethulate, crenate; panicle cory mhose; flowers subsessil, crowded. Svrian. S. nb-als. Wi/id. Mihl. S. virginlensis. Mdx. Ph. Ell. S. vernahis. i-. Valgo-Eai-ly Saxifrage. Fl. Middle. of April. Li-. suer'. Latter end of May. .Flab. Dry, stony banks; woodlands irc. frequrent. 4 to 12 inches high: flowers white. S. PscNNSX'LVAISICA. Phi. Leaves oblon g-Ta cenlate, denticulate; peduncles sitermate, corymbese-capitate. TVulgo-Large Saxifrage. Pennsylvanian Saxifrage. Fl. Middle of May. F)-. mrat. Beginning of Jurly. fllab. Swamps, and low grounds: frequent. 1 to .3 feet high: flowers yellowish green. Obs. This species is usually about 2 feet high: hut I have occasionally met w'ith it upwards of 5 feet high: 173. MITELLA. Nuett. Gim. 407. [Lat. diminutive of MEitre, a cap; the ripe seedvessel resembling a cap, or little' itre.] CTAL. 5 cleft, persistent. COR. petals 5, pinrratifid, inserted on the calyx. CArs. 1 celled, semibivalved- 31. DIPSSYLLA. fWilld. Leaves cordate, sub-lobate, acute, dentate; scape 2 leaved, leaves opposite. Vulgo-Bishops cap- Bastard American Sanicie. Currant-leaf. Fl. Latter end of Aprril, and after. Fr. snat. Begintning of Jtune. fljab. Rich, moist woodlands: Brandywine: frequent. 1 tot feet hsigh: flowers white, delicate. i .ÄV1' (\ IA Nutt. Gell. IIiS. ~Lek. Si o, soa ; ils inucil.ga` Olrdtin 1 port of sulbstitutc I!or atal ati Cie'. UA.L, tubcelnr, 5 too tilet haked at basc. < r- petals .5, unguiculate. Ciaps. superior, i 1 'e 0.OFEICPiAL IS. FEl. Caj]1 Cylintli-cal; havec n)jm te. subenute, ovate-lanceolate, .Ilat [. "ul-o-Soap-xnrt. Bre'i'.-wo~rt F;rncin' Bet. Fl. Mlidle of Jfle- , an'i ä. 17- reat. Last of August, and :alter. llab. Gardens, n if dm0np ru;ish: freqjuent. 12 te, 15 i)ihes high: flowers 1eccish \vitce obs. Tills 1S n lot t,-ner, and rathler trcuhlcýmrte in rur ;,ardens. Dr. Vb tlering Fsty s tat yvl'n 1?l'isl a and e gitatel 't ii räz s de:.fcr like ,-)ap. w'hichl Nashes ýgre v, ')u c of itnet A k c tion of it, nppleed et eually, cý?res t]e hch.'' f-le notices other muedical i c roetic (See htis .giv;serm - 175. CUCUBALUIS. N tt. Gen,. 411 [Altered from Cacoboie-Gr. Elukos, evil, and Bole, shoot, or plant; fromt itf sttpposed chiaraeter. De Tl7ieisj CAL. inflated, 5 toothed. CON. petals 5, un uiculate, not erovvetd at throat. C-urs. 3 celled. C1. STFLLATTS. Ell. Leai es verticillate by 4's, ovil-lanceolate, aculninate; petaNä inlbriate. Flgo-Four-leav<,c Camnpion. Fl. Beginnipg of July, and alter. F'- m;at. M''iddie of AuJus;t, and after. Heab. Woodllands: -Eath, &c. frertuent. 2 to 4 feet hilh: flowerA White. 17u. SILENE. Nultl Gen. 412. [Supposed from the Gr. Sluteon. sal iva; in allusion to the frothy, viscid mnoisture ona the stalks.j CAL, cyliudric, or conic. Con.. petals 5, unguiculate, mostly crowned at throat. CAPS. 3 elled- S. Å TIRIIA. Ell. Leaves narrow-lanceolate; pediuncles diclaotomous, or trifid; capsules inflated. 'Vulgo-Catch-fly. Fl. Latter end of June. F'r. mat. Middle of July. lieb. Wheat filds, fence-rows, &c. frequent. 11 to 2 feet high: flowers White, small. Obsry adeie.ral fraving portions of the sten, and peduncles, covered with a dark red viscid matten, M7. STELLARIA. NIMt. Ger. 413. [Lat. Stelia, a star;1 thme corolla, of bifid petals, reserobliug a star.j CkL. 5 leaved, spreadiug. CoN. petals 5, deeply 2 cleft. CAP's. ovate, 1 celled, many seeded. S- IMEDIA. Pkl. Stenis procumb}ent, with analternating, Iateral, hairy line; leaves ovate, snaooth. Vulgo-Common Chickweed. Fl. All summer. Fr. mat. M\ay, and after. Haub. Gardens, and cultivated grounds: very common. About 1 Ibot long: flowers mdhite. Obs. Probably a foreigner. The starrens varv, in number, from 3 to 5, or 10. Sometimnes it continuci green throughout the winter; and 1 have seen it in fiower in the month of February. S. LAVCEOLATA. Tor'? Glabrous; leaves oval-lanceolate, ciliate at base; petals shorter than the calyx. Nynon. S. uliginosa. Bart. Fl. Phil? Mrlcropetalum lanceolatumn. Pli? Spergulastrum lanceolaturn. .71lx' Fl. Middle of May, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of July, and after. lab. Swsmpy springs, on the]Barrens: frequent. 9 tol15 inches high: flowvers w'hite, delicute. Obs. I have soine dloubts respecting this species. On tåe authlority of Mr. f-chlweinitz, 1 have referred it to thle S. hrunceolata, of Torrey. It is a smooth, succulent plant, wIithl flaccid 4 cornered stenis; leaves opposite, sub-amplexicaul, oval lanceolate, narrow atbase, and shlghtly ciliate; flowers sub.paniculateý. S. Lo:ON GIOLIA. Tur. Leaves opposite, lance-1lnear, entire, smooth; panieie termninal; cnlyx 3ncrved. Syflof. S. grainna, Bi;;. & Bart. FI. Phil.'Mic.opetalum grarnineumn. Ph. Spergulastrumi gramincuin. 16r, Fl. Middle of May. Fr. gnat. Beginning of July. liab. Swamipy grounds: Bath, &c. frequent. 12' to 20 inchers hiågh: flowers whiite. Obs. Stem fuå der uu:bent, slen&£, ?Uutely 4 ang~led, or Sub-alate; tat number of styles varyin ö fl mn, to 4 ur 5. U4 DECANDRIA. TRIGYNLA. 17S API ART A.1 Not. Cc??. 11l. [T at. .`Aena t s ap in reference to tie favori'o soil of ceotre spe ct, CALu. 5 leaved, '>yoa lam. U,~ n. o !1_l p , oxate, entire. CAPS. ovalte, 1 celled, many seeded. A. LA1TESA5ILORA. AI? :Stee illiow'n; 1?" iCe latrl xlol o r 3 cleft, 1 libracteate i'n the niddlte. Fl. Latter end of Tune, in I afe.': f Idle of July, ant otter. Ilcb. Barr na: shtadeil rivulet, ibove i;r'.c ra. to H iries~ long' x rn w~ita slall. 0117.. Mr. ,Seliwveit itz, o who 1 i IliS "}- "tero l5 no doubIM that this 1s A. I i?":1t01r and yet it does; not wellia"cord Ivitit the l-:r''O'o' i +" :, y W4ilnn.,v and Po'r-li The ar s "ni: 1a - c-.olte-oval, and orute; the petals r ta-- eaf xls,--'tn1, what is mnre remarkablh, are deeply tw-pated! In ci ltlr respects, howvevr-it -em to- t' n it tlii- de: eriptionl. (aIn it be, that the ptlant intend- ed by pr Ut4' , i:. really a ,S/rlbi-i t M) spreonneits certainly, tll niy view, have more of the habit, and lecaiir of a i t'.liaria, thtan 0o ain Aranatic!. A. Sa 'Y1 ~.FiP l t i TliI. Sten iioonious, di fus; Ie- 1_ re '-", acite: calyx longer than the petals- Fl. L^"tior' eca of -, i, and aitlter Ri-t' - Last rif J.1 one, and aftcr. Hfa". Dry, sarno'c teltis; gardens; &c. fr-equent. 3 toI i-:1-og floeers white, small. -A. 8TRICTIL. Ell'. 'tenms numerous; leaves Subuslate -li i'r, - ct; Calyx mtuih shorter than the petals. .0. Last of PMay, till August. F2a i-o het itter c-nd of .June, and after. Hab. Barren rEdge, north of West-Chester t rot comma-t. 4 to It) itncles high: flowers xwhite. Obs. This plant is remarktd 'l local in i5 hobbs t. It i~adicrt anion- the - ri tentitie rocks, on the mt sterile prts o: the rrres riidge: but i hai e ncxver 'oct Fx th it eswhee Lie ccl, -l.. is about the length of the calyx. :(lee E//'iot- ORDER, FNTAGIA. 17t?. Cf-D4ASTIUIM." Nu'1t. (it ' 1 [G.Ieai~,altl !rn nalso otn rlof 2CAL. leaveCd. Cots. petal:, 5, bJIfid, or' C:1riarghtat'" Ca t- ? CciI"O, c+' -l_ at lihe {10 toothed'. sat-.aaaai C. V5YLGATUTA. Ph. Cespitose; hir-sute; le'aves ox-ate; pra15oblotip;, alcoot ason' aethe calyx. Vulgo-;`ouse-ear Chicksweed. Moo.se-cea,- Fl. Middle of a-y, and after. j-. rcf . 11i!,-, ten mi 1 Hlab. Pastures, arid open wueodi'. it f: :enet. G to i~"inchesc high: flowersw h1lire. C. vascosuM.l Pih. DI 'Udea - ir-etc. viseous. ieavs ars-t'ot ; petals ro-l;ate, as long as thet calyx. Vuigo--Clamnmy Alos-icaCa Fl. Middle of May, an after- Pt oct;a Ji,ttr rind after. -[lab. Woodlands, &c" near 1Iatch's factory: frequen-t. -Ito 6' inches high: flowers white. C. SEMIIDECAtiIRURT Pht T'enlrr, 0 s(ecenibeit; leaves os-ate, ak-ise; petals shorter than the calyx,- 1"!. Beginning of MrtIy, sort alter Fr ant June, andI after. )lab. Pastures, f&tc. Gren tree farmt frquent 6 to1 'ices long: flnsxerswhite. Obs. Mly spectmens seelto te ;,-r-~i e; *..< ljabrous: the leaves strictly ovate, lowa ones petiolate. This arid ts xvc-,o 'i-eccli~t Sa aIL ar1e'Aij1iosc.1 to be fl.irigners. l C. LONVGFPEnit`:UL'Ti" '1 ht, 'Ticid pubes~cent; leaves oilsorig-linear, acute; peduncles long. Synoaa. C. glutinosum.- Nt. C. il'- ens Iary Fl. Beginning of Mlay, anti after. Fr-. mt. Lai ref try, antd after. Ha~eb" Woodllan'; slbadeti ri::tlets, &c. freqctt ( to) 12 inches 11hi. f oi c'r isshite. C. HCRSL'TUIOI Fl1- 1tl'SUte: lea:ves ovarl-lanceolate. connate, rather ohtsC 'fiowers clustered, large.- Fl. Latter end Cif rApril, and after. 1'r. mat Let- of Max, antd after. flab. Stony banks: Barrens; Strode's Mill: frequent. 4to ` inncte ong floswers white. ci';e. Mr. Schxveinitz, itt a note to me, says "tidis exractly rcsemhNst C. lni-.sittu, El1. soil MuhI. as conrtoultoieaterl to aMt by Mre. i'lliott.'' Indeed M''r. Eliott's descriptie-ott sits ery well, except that sors of the leaves, above, are rather lanceolate, arnd sainewhat acute. C. on3LOrerersoLIT'e? 'aTr. Toretos;e; tielrolomnus; leaves lance-oL-lotnt, ttarrowv; peduncles by 3's. Fl. Middle ofi May, and after. ir. mat. Pestlittn- of June, and after. Hlab. Barren RiiO,,e, fricuen: rare elsewhere. E to 3 incises high: flossers white. Obs Of _liisei- Mr. Sellsa'einitz remarks, that it comes nearest to the C. o/ott; giflienn, Torras; but at the sane tirne is a vety remarkable onie.-vuich perhaps on closer exnatiltation, andI coimparison, mtty prove ne-ia.'' Dr. ';iol11: -;berg ivas most nrobably acloritated with i!; rind I at 1it'eiltd to think. It rnit5l be the C. U.Itait ;... -atnlegoc.e DECAND11IA. PENTAGYIA. 55y P-O. AGR-0STEMMAA. 1' at. Ge. -]19). 'ir .Ag,ofs, a field, and Sirssori:o, a crown, or garland; from the bea'.*y or eoroa of Itb, °apcies.] CA,%L. 1 leavedl, coriaccous, tubular, summit 5 cleft. Cars, petals 5, un guiculate; limnb obtuse. L; PS. 1 celled. A. GlITAGO. Ph. Hirsute; calyx-teeth lin~ear-lauceolate, longer than the corolla; petals entire, naked. Vulgo-Cockle. Corn Cockle. Fl. Middle of June. Fr. oal M1iddbr of July. Ihot. Grain fields; chiefly among wheat and rye: frequent. 2 to 4 feet high: flowers purple. Obts. This unwelcome foreig;ner is diligently rooted out of our grain fieilds evry year; but it stil nrlaintains its ground. 'When abundant among wheat, its black seeds injure the quality of the flour. 1Q11. PENTI-IUM. Nutt. Gens. 421. [Gr. Peale, five, and Ores, a c0lumnI; alluding to the five conic beaks of the capsu e.] CAL. 5 to 10 cleft. Cont. petals 5, or 0. CAPS. 5-cuspidate, 5 celled. 8eeds numerous,, minute. P. sEnosops. Ell. Stem branching , angled; leaves lanceolate, subsessile, serrate; Spikes secund. Visgo-Virginian Stone-crop. Virginian Orpine. Fl. ' ast of July till September. r. ?rt. Beginnring of Octobei-. Hub. iSwamnpy rivulets, ditches, &c. frequent. 12 to 13 inches lu,;1,: floa ers yellowshl green. ORDER, D-WA 52'NIA.. 182. PHYTOLACCA. Nrr !. Fmen. 42.. ,zI"r. Phyton, a plant, and Laccu, a barbarous word meanIing la7e; a sub;stance the color of its hnrrics.] CAL. 0. CoRt. petals 5, calycine. BERRY superior, 10 celled, 10 seeded. P. DECA~nR A. Ell. Branching; glabrous; leaves ovate-laneclate, acute at each end. V tlgo-Poke. Poke-berry bush. Pigeon-berry. Fl. Last of June till September. Fr. snot. Beginning of September. and after. Huab. Rich banks; by fences, rotten logs, &c. common. 4 to 6feet high: flowers white; fruit dark pm-plc. Oibs. The young shoots are much use.], in the spring, as a substitute for asparagus. The root is endowed with active medical properties; but is saldom employed, here. See Bus-tos's Colletions; Bigeletv's £'f(cZ- ica Botanyl, &c. The ripe berries sttord a handsome purple coloring matter; and have been used, in tinc- ture, as a remedy in chronic rheumatism. CLASS XI. PO"LYANDRIA. ORDERn W~ONOG°YNAX.A. FLOWEXRS MOSTLY III.FERIOR. 183. TILIA. Nutt. Gen. 454. [Etymology obscure: fortasse "a telsnn, quia ejus lignum telis faciendis inservit." Boo.] CAL. 5 parted, decidiuous. Cor. petals 5. CAPS. globose, coriaceous,or horny, 1 seedled, opening- at base. T. GLABRA. Ell. Leaves roundish-cordate, acutely serrate, abruptly acuminate, glabrous; net oval. Synon. T. amnericana. JVilld. .ir. Arb. T. canadensis. .Me_. 1Y. An.a Valgo--Linn, or Linoden. Bass w.ood IFl. Latter end of June. freqent rare Beginin of October. Bab. Alon- B~randywine, frqet aeeswee 0 o6 n Ofeet high: flowes yel'o'iA h lite. Oibs. The Tilia may be easily recognized by its singular mode of inflorsencc -the peduncte being somewhat genicu lately attached to the middle of an oblong, soenlbranaceois brarteL' and thence, to is bse apparently adnate to, or rather constituting, the middle rib of the se. The leaves of tlits speie ar often obliquely trtuncate at base. It is a handsome, stately tr ee, an muc istl"ought alter to plasot in fiont of houses,-es pecially in towns. The wvood is white and suit, andl i olten vross.'bt into) ladi's, spoons, nwd other utensils. A'lichsaux (Arb!. F great.) informs u> that the silascia s o o t trn', when mace; 'e,.r and prepared, is used in some parts of the U. f! in makin a ico::y ::ordts e lor domestic jise-pos. `Itsl loner bark has also beein founil to aff'ord a valuable linimnent, by inceratiui iu cold wale:-, for burnsi led '5('' ds. See .linro's Af1erl. and! P/ly. Juneemo?, ol. 1. p" t. s_ Vii,. POLYrAN'DR9I A M )'_ f, NIA. 181. F ELIAN ITl `?-.. Gn 4j,; [t A ius;a til. suo, and Antlievzna iafOttr tho flowers uni gai ad, onIlj :n the so iineij ~,C.5 leaved. thle two exterior narrower. t. .. 1p.tam 5. C n- Ft. Brit. Leases alternate, pinnate, lobed, lobes crenate; umbelsi axillary, pedunculate. vego--Celatidiiee. Ft. Ble;;innin " of May. Fr. ma~t. Middle of July. huab. Fence-rows,; amrong rubbish, &c. frequent. 2 to 3 feet high: flowers yellow. Obs. This ftreigiiner l as etscap-ed from our gardlens, and is becoming extensively naturalized. The deer v~i wlt uc fti .ati elkonpplrcr frwitttes c u ss r~l vrh niotice.jucofti ttisawlknw ppuacoefram.,etr,&e t saclwohye Y .ow T i I r 9 " . POLYANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. . $6 188. ARGEMONE. Nutt. Gen. 462. [Gr. Argema, a disease of the eye; supposed to be cured by the plant.] CAL. 3 leaved, caducous. CoR. petals 6. Stigma sessile, capitate, lobed. CAPS. semi-valved. A. MkxrCvAA. Ell. Leaves pinnatifid-lobate, spinose; flowers axillary; capsules5 valved. Vu/go-Prickly Poppy. Horned Poppy. Fl. Beginning of July, and after. Fr. mat. Latter end of August, and after. lab. Gardens, and cultivated lots: not common. 1 to 3 feet high: flowers yellow, large. Obs. This is a stranger herei but is becoming gradually naturalized, although some pains are taken to root it out. 189. SANGUINARIA. Nutt. Gen. 464. [Lat. Sanguis, blood; alluding to the color of the juice of the plant.] C.AL.2 leaved, caducous. Cos. petals about 8. Stig. sessile, 2 grooved. CAPs. oblong, tapering at each end. S. CANADENSIs. Ell. Leaves subrenifosn, sinuate-lobed, glaucous beneath; scape 1 flowered. Vidgo-Red-root. Blood-root. Turmeric. Puccoon. Indian Paint. Blood-wort. Fl. Beginning of April. Fr. mat. Middle of June. hab. Rich woodlands; meadows, &c. very common. 6 to 10 inches high: flowers white. Obs. The capsules burst and disappear suddenly, when the seeds are ripe. The root is emetic, and otherwise medicinal. See Dr. Downey's Inu:gural Thesis, 1803, Philad. Barton's Collections, &c 10. PODOPHYLLUM. Nutt. Gen. 465. [Gr. Poss, podos, a foot, and Phyllon, a leaf; its leaf resembling the web-foot of a duck.] CAL. 3 leaved. CoR. petals about 9. Stig. sessile, plicate, crenate. BERRY oval, 1 celled, many seeded. P. PETTA TTM. Ell. Leaves peltate-palmate, single, or two on a forked stem; flower solitary. Vuigo-Hog-apple. May-apple. Wild Mandrake. Duck's-foot. Tl. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. Latter end of August. Hab. Rich woodlands; meadow banks, in patches: common. 12 to 18 inches high: flowers white. Obs. The sten is often simple, bearing but one leaf,-and then produces no flower. The flower is only to be found on the two leaved plants, situated in the fork, on a short, slightly curved peduncle. The fruit is about the size and shape of a Lime; and when ripe, is esculent-but is not esteemed. The root affords a good substitute for Jalap, as a cathartic-(expertus loquor-) and not "as Ipecacmanha,"-as Pursh erroneously states. 191. NUPHAR. Ndtt. Gen. 468. [Gr. Nouphar ; a name of obscure meaning.] CAL. 5 or6 leaved. Cox. petals numerous; dorsally nectariferous. Stig. sessile, radiated. CArs, carnose. N. ADVENA. Ph. Leaves erect, cordate, lobes divaricate; calyx 6 leaved; stigma 13 rayed; capsule sulcate . Sqnon. Nymph .a advena. Willd. X. .lfuhl. Vulgo-Spatter-dock, or Splatter-dock. Yellow Pond-lily. El. Middle of May till October. Fr. mat. September, and after. Hab. Ponds, and still waters; Brandywine: frequent. i to 2 feet high: flowers yellow. Obs. The root is creeping-the old ones sometimes very large-with numerous radicles on the under side, and bearing the marks of the petioles of former years on the upper side. 192. ASARUM. Nutt. Gen. 724. ["Vocatur ab a (Gr.) privativo, et sairo, orno; quasi planta nulli ornamento isserviens.' Boerh.] CAL. 3 or 4 cleft, superior, persistent. Cos. 0. Axthers adnate to the sides of the filaments. CAPS. 6 celled. A. CANADENsE. Ell. Leaves broad-reniform, in pairs; calyx woolly, deeply Sparted, reflexed. V Vdgo-Wild Ginger. Colt's-foot. Asarabacca. White Snake-root. Pl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Middle of June. Hab. Rich woodlands: frequent. 8 to 12 inches high: flowers dingy purple. Obs. The flower is solitary, on a short peduncle in the fork of the leaves; and usually buried under old decayed leaves, &c. so as to escape common observation. The root is strongly aromatic, and may perhaps possess medical virtues. Professor Barton, in his Collections for a ateria Aledica, says "the expressed juice of the fresh leaves is a powerful emetic."-I cannot see the propriety of transferring this genus to the Class Gynandria, as Messrs. Pursh and Nuttall have done. It is so distinct in habit from plants of th t class, that I ant confident a student would never think of looking for it there. 58 Pt)LI7YAND 1.. DI-PENTAGYNIA' ORiam~, 3DX-'1?M AGYNZA, 193. CIMIICIFjGA. Nutt. Gen. 47.1. SIlat. Cines, a bug, and fu&io, t~o expel; fromn its supposed virtuesi CAL. 4 or 5 leaved. Coam. petals,., C .r8. I to 5, oblong, op~ening along a lateral suture, many seede',. C. P.ACEMOSA. Eli. Nonogynnus; leaves decompound; racemnes virgately panticulate; capsule ovate, :,Anon. C. serpenitaria. Plc. Actea racemosa. W~illd. Muhl. .Afr. Vid o-PlackSnake-root. 1q. Latter end of June. Fr. neat. Middle of September. Hab. Rich wvoodlands: common. 4 to G feet high: flowers white. Obs. The root is somewhat mnucilaginous and astringent; andi is a very popular medicine, both for man and beast. It is used, in infusion, or decoction, chiefly as a pectoral medicine: and it is said to have been found useful in the disease of cattle, called the murrain. Its virtues, however are probably over-rated-s is usually the case with popular remedies, from the want of a due 'degree oft discrimination, as to their rffects, and the diseases in whsich they are employcd. 194. AQI.ILEGIA. .Nutt. Grit. 17.3. [Lat. Aquila, an Eagle; its nectaries having a fancied resemblance to eagle's claws.] CAL. 0. COR. petals 5. Nectaries 5, corniculate, situate between the petals. CAPS. 5, distinct. A . CANADENSIs. El[. Spurs straight; stamens exserted; leaves biternate, and ternate, glaucous beneath" Vuigo-Wild Columbine. Fl. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. Hab. Rocky banks, along Brandywine: frequent. 12 to 19 inches high; flowers red, tinged with yellow, 195. HYPERICUJM. Nutt. Gen. 476. (A name of obscure meaning: .Boesrh. says, " Hypereikcos, (Gr.) quasi herba, cujus image emninet."] CAL. 5 parted, equal. Con. petals 5. Filam. slightly united at base. CAPS. ovate, as many cells as styles Flowers Trigynous. 11. PERFORATCM. Phe. Stem ancipital; leaves oblong, pellucid-punctate; petals twice as long as the caly. Vul/go-Saint John's wort. . Beginning of June, and after. Fr. met. Latter end of September. sab. Fields, and pastures; common. 1 to 3 feet high: flowers yellow. Obs. This is a foreigner, and a pernicious weed in our pastures: often producing troublesome scabby sores upon horses and horned cattle, where it comes in contact with them-especially those which are white, or have white feet and noses. It would seem that the dew which collects on the plant, becomes active in this way. I have seen the backs of white cows covered with sores, wherever the bushy ends of their tails had been applied, after draggling through the St. John's wort.-The tisncturae of the flowers and upper leaves is said to he useful in some complaints of the stomach and bowels. See Barton's Med. and Ploys, Journal, Vol. 1. part 2. p. 54. I1. coRtYMraostlx. Ph. Stem terete, black-punctate; leaves amplexicaul, oblong-oval, obtuse. ,.S'yson. H. maculatum. Ell. Mr. .lFl. Beginning of July, and after. Fr. mat. Last of September. Arab. Woodlands, and fields: Bath, &c. frequent. 11 to 2 feet high: flowers yellow, smallish. IH. PARV IFLORtUM. Eli. Stem 4 angled; leaves ovate-oblong, sub-cordate;petals shorter than the caly. Synon. H. quinquenervium. 31r. H. mutilum? MiIN. Fl. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. 11ab. Wet, low grounds; along rivulets: Barrens, &c. frequent. 6 to 12 inches high: flowers yellow. II. CANADENSE. Ell. Stem 4 angled; leaves linear, tapering at base; flowers solitary; capsules long, conic Fl. Middle of August, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. Hlab. M4oist, gravelly places: Thomas Hoopes's: frequent. 9 to 18t high: flowers yellow, capsules red. ORD ER, POLYGYNIA. 196. LIRIODENDRON, Nutt. Gen. 4i?0. [iGr. Leirion, a lily, and Dendron, a tree; the flowers resembling the lily, in form.] CAL. 3 leav ed. CoRt. petals mostly 6. ,$amarra sutblanceolate, I or 2 seeded, imabricated in a coa3Cf POLYANI)RIA. POLYGYNIA.. .ULTPTER A. a. orb. Leaves 4 lobed; or angularly truncate at the end, with two side lobes. Vulgo-Poplar. Tulip poplar, or Tulip tree. White wood. Canoe wood. Fl. Last of May. Fr. mat. Last of October. Hub. Rich woodlands, &c. common. 80 to 120 feet high: flowers greenish yellow, tinged with red. Obs. This magnificent tree is justly considered one of the greatest ornaments of our North American. forests. The species comprises two varieties, called yellow, and white poplar; which are scarcely to be distinguished by any external marks-the difference being chiefly in the color and texture of the wood. The yellow poplar is deemed the more valuable of the two, for most purposes,-being more mellow to work, and also more durable, when exposed to the weather. The wood of both is extensively wrought, by cabinet-makers, and others; and is converted to a variety of uses-though its hygrometrical proper- ties render it rather inconvenient, in many instances, during damp weather. The bark of this tree is a valuable tonic: for an account of which, See Dr. P. K. Rovers' Inaugural Thesis, Philad. 1802,-and the Materia .Aledica of the Bartons. The leaves, also, are said to afford relief, when applied externally, in cases of gout and rheumatism. See Barton's It-led. and Phys. Journal. Vol. 1. part 1. p. 82--I hake remarked that the fruit of the wild Strawberry (Fragaria virginiana,) is always ripe when this tree is to ifall bloom. 197. CLEMATIS. Natt. Gen. 483. [Gr. Iilema, a twig ,or runner; from its pliant, climbing stern.] CAL. 0. CoR. petals mostly 4. SEEDs compressed, caudate; cauda mostly plumose. G- VIRGINIANA. Ell. Dioicous; climbing; leaves ternate; leaflets ovate, incised-dentate, acuminate. Synon. C. virginica. Ph. Xutt. Vlgo-Virgin's Bower. Traveller's Joy. Fl. Beginning of August. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. fiab. Fence-rows; and thickets, in low grounds: frequent. 10 to 15 feet long: male flowers white. Obs. The female plants are remarkable for the silken appearance of the long, plumose styles, which crown the fruit. 198. ANEMONE. Natt. Gen. 484. [Gr. Anemos, wind; the flower being supposed to open only when the wind blows.] CAL. 0. COR. petals 5 to 9, or more. SEEDS numerous, mucronate, rarely caudate. :A."NEVOROSA. Eli. Stem 1 flowered; stem leaves biternate; leaflets cuneate, incised-lobate, dentate. Valgo-Wind-flower. Wood Anemone, Fl. Middle of April, and after. Fr. mat. Latter end of May. Flab. Moist woodlands; about roots of trees: frequent. 6 to 10 inches high: flowers reddish white. Obs. This is the variety, quinquefolia, with the lateral leaflets deeply two parted; which Barton, (in Flv;% Philad.) after Willdenow, and Muhlenberg, considers a distinct species; but which Michaux, Pursh, and others, regard as not entitled to that distinction. A. THALICTROIDES. Ph. Umbel involucrate; involucre 6 leaved; radical leaves Liternate, Eynon. Thalictrum anemonoides. Mx. Ell. Vulgo-Rue Anemone. Fl. Latter end of April. Fr. rat. Middle of June. Hab. Woodlands: very common. 6 to 10 inches high: flowers white. Obs. The botanical character of this plant is so equivocal, that our best botanists are divided in opinica whether it ought to be ranked with Anemone, or Thalictrum. A VIRGINIANA. Ell. Dichotomous; leaves biternate, upper ones opposite; peduncles virgate, I flowered. Fl. Latter end of June, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of September, and after. Hab. Feqce-rows, and roadsides: frequent. About 2 feet high: flowers greenish white; seeds woolly. .199. THALICTRUM. .Watt. Gen. 485. [Supposed to be derived from the Gr. thallo, to be green.; alluding to its verdant habit.] ifostly Dioicous: CAL. 0. Con. petals 4 or 5. Stamens long. SEEDs ecaudate, striate, terete. T. moacum. Ph. Leaves supra-decompound; leaflets roundish-cordate, obtuse-lobate, glaucous beneath. Synon. T. lhvigatuin. Mx. Vulgo-Meadow Rue. Fl. Latter end of April, and after. Fr. mat. Hab. Woodlands: Bath woods: frequent. 9 to 15 inches high: flowers pale purple. Obs. I have experienced all the difficulties remarked by Michaux, in determining the species of Thaa. lictruni. This, I have little doubt, is his T. la'igatum; and yet it agrees, in some respects, so well with til T. purpurascens, of Pursh, that I at one time supposed it to be that species. T. RUGosUA ? Ph. Stem striate; leaflets veined, sub-trilobate, or entire, cuneate, and oval. Fl. Latter end of June, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of September. .dab. Woodlands, and swamps: Bath: freliuent, 3 to : feet Igh: flowers white. flu POLYANDRIA. POLYGYNIA T. PUBESCENs? Ph. Stem striate; leaflets ovate, or subcordate, mostly 3 lobed, lobes rcucronatc Synon. T. polygamum? Muhl. T. revolutum? Ell. Fl. Beginning of July, and after. Fr. mat. Middle of September, and after. Hlab. Swamps, and shaded rivulets: Wollerton's: frequent. 4 to 6 feet high: flowers white. Obs. This resembles the preceding; but the leaflets are more regularly three lobed, and the lobes, or segments, are rmucronate,-or rather terminate in a small, abrupt acumination. 200. CALTHA. Nutt. Gen. 487. [Gr. Kalathos, abasket; from a fancied resemblance of the corolla to a golden basket.] CAL. 0. Con. petals 5 to 9. Nectary 9. CAPSULEs several, many seeded. C. PALUSTRIS. Ph. Erect; corymbose; leaves cordate-reniform, acutely crenate, lobes sprcading Vcl+o-Marsh Marygold. Colt's-foot. Meadow Cowslip. Fl. .viddle of April. Fr. mat. Beginning of June. li'. Wet meadows, swampy springs, Cc. frequent. 5 to 10 inches high: flowers deep yellow. Obs. I h specimens, from Patton's low grounds, in this Borough, which appear tibe the C. irntger rim-c of Pursh,--with leaves entire, or obsoletely crenate, and the sinus closed; but I doubt their bei; any oeiug more than mere varieties. A syrup, prepared from this plant, is a popular remedy for coughs; but I am unacquainted with iV virtues, i 201. HEPATICA. Nutt. Gen. 490. [Gr. Hepar, the liver; the lobes of its leaves being supposed to resemble those of the liver.] CAL. 3 leaved, somewhat involucre-like. Coa. petals 6 to9. SEEs naked. H. TRILOBA. Ell. Leaves 3 lobed, lobes roundish, entire; scapes 1 flowered, often clustered. Synon. Anemone hepatica. Willd. sp. pl. Mx. &c. Vulgo-Liver-wort. Liver-leaf. Fl. Beginning of April. Fr. mat. Flab. Woodlands: very common. About 6 inches high: flowers blue,-sometimes purple, or white, 202. RANUNCULUS. Nitt. Gen. 491. [Lat. diminutive of Rana, a frog; a name, says Dr. Smith, whose origin is as obvious as its sense is obscure.] CAL. 5 leaved. Con. petals 5, each with a melliferous scale, or pore, on the claw. SLEDS naked, numerous. R. FLAMMULA. Ph. Glabrous; declinate; lower leaves petiolate, oval-lanceolate; upper lance dinear. Vulgo-Spear-wort. Fl. Middle of July, and after. Fr. mat. Middle of September. Hab. Wet, miry places: forks of Brandywine: not common. 1 to 2 feet high: flowers yellow, sinall. Obs. This plant does not precisely agree with the descriptions of the European species; but perhaps it is not specifically distinct. It is remarkably acrid,when chewed, and probably worthy of notice, ina medical point of view. Dr. Withering asserts, from his own experience, that the distilled water of the European plant is preferable to any other medicine yet known in cases where instantaneous vomiting is desirable;-as where poisons have been swallowed, &c R. AnoRTevUs. Ell. Glabrous; radical leaves cordate-reniform, crenate; cauline cleft into linear lobes Fl. Latter end of April, and after. Fr. mat. July, and after. Hab. Woodlands, and moist grounds: frequent. 9 to 15 inches high: flowers yellow, petals minute. R. SCELERATUs. Ell. Glabrous; radical leaves palmate-lobed; cauline 3 parted, segments cuncate. Vulgo-Celery-leaved Crow-foot. Fl. Middle of May, and after. Fr. mat. Hab. Moist places; along rivulets, &c. frequent. 12 to 18 inches high: flowers yellow. R. PENNsYLVANIcUs? Ell. Hirsute; radical leaves ternate, trifid, incised; cauline lanceolate. Fl. Latterkntlf April, and after. Fr. mat. flab. Woodlands: Patton's; Bath, &e. frequent. 9 to 15 inches high: flowers yellow. Obs. I have several specimens which approach the descriptions given of this species, and yet none of them exactly accord. R. BULBOsUs. Ph. Hirsute; leaves compound, ternate, trifid, incised; calyx reflexed; root bulbous. Vulgo -Butter-cup. Bulbous Crow-foot. Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Beginning of July. flab. Pastures; N. H. Sharples's; Brandywine: frequent. 12 to 1S inches high: flowers deep yellow. Obs. This is a foreigner. The root is highly acrid, aid has beep recommended as 4 ruhefacient. POL.YANDRLIA. IPOLY GY NIA 61 Rt. ifiisemrs. Ell. Very hirsute; leaves deeply 3 parted, segments acutely lobed; calyx appress' di Fl. JLattc r end of M/ay. Fr. mat. .flab. Creek banks: near Hatch's factory: frequent. 1 foot high; flowers greenish yellow, small R1. FLUVIArILIS. Big. Fl. Bost. Leaves all dichotomously capillaceous; stem swimming. fSysos. 1I. pantothrix. El. Vaulgo-River Crow-foot. Fl. iMiddie o June till August. Fr. met. r1w'. , R'nnive waters: Brandywine: frequent. About 1 foot long: flowers yellowish white: CLASS X11. CALYC.ANDRI:A. ORD!1L, 1V&ONOGYNIA. 20.3. TUBES. Nutt. Gea. 217. [An ancient Arabian name, of uncertain meaning.] CAkL. superior, 5 cleft. COR. petals 5, small. Slam. 5. Style hifid. BE:RRY many seeded- tFLORIDUM. Ph. Leaves punctate both sides; racemes pendulous; bractes longer than the pedicels- Vulg,;--Pennsylv ania Black Currant. FI. Beginning of May. Firiout. Latter end of July. Hlab. Roadsides: near Job Darlington's: not cormmoon. 2 too feet high: flowers greenish yellow; fruit black. Ob's. As the gcnus Ribes accords with the c,sential chara cter of this class, I have taken the liberty to transfer it hither, Crin Pentandria. I cannot help 6'%; king that this is the natural and proper location of the genus, in the '3oal S'? Sstem; and that nothing hut th- nier Icus NDC IA, prevented Liunnus himself from arranging1 it inhait class with its kindred genera. I ain strengthened in this opinion by the circumstance, that lie did ,lace the genus in his nrattival or~der oi Ponarcec r lwhicn consists exclusively of calycandrous plants. dames, undoubtedl, have considerable influence on the mrind: and when their obvious meaning not only tends to mislead, but pr oduces an actual violation ot fundamnental pr inciples, in the arrangement of ob- ;ects, the interests of science would seenm to justify an attempt to introduce a more appropriate nomen- clature. 204. CERASUS. Jauss. Gens. Pl. p. 340. [Lat. (ferasus, a Cherry; the name of a town of Natolia, whence that fruit was derived. ] CAL. inferior, 5 cleft, deciduous. CuR, petals 5. DRtP E globose. Nut roundish, smooth. C. VIRItNIANA. Her. Arb. Leaves oval-oblong, acuminate, serrate; racemes elongated, erect. Synon. Prunus virginiana. Nutt. Witid, Ph. L'11. c. Vulgo-Wild Cherry. Ft. Middle of May. Fir. slot. Mdiddle of August. flab. Fence-rows; Creek banks, &c. frequent. 30 to 60) feet high; flowers white, fruit purplish black. Obs. The wood of this tree is handsome, and is much used by Cabinet makers. in the manufacture of household furniture. An infusion of the bark is a valuable tonic-especially in those cases of debility which often succeed catarrhal affections-as I have abundantly experienced, in my practice. Althouigh but few botanists have followed Jussieu, in making a generic distinction betwreen the Cherry and Plum, I incline to think there is quite as much ground for it, ha nature, as there is for separaiting the Hickory from the W'alnut, Chimaphila from Pyrola, Castanea fromt Fagis, .and many other instances. The most super- ficial observer cannot fall to be struck with the natparal grouping, and family difference, of the Plum and Cherry tribes. 205. PRUNUS. Nutt. Gea. 431. C~neir5 [The latin name for a Pu;very aninado unknown origin.] R AMRICAA. Mrsh.Leaves oblong-oval, acuminate, sharply serrate, veined; umbels 2 to 4 flowered. Synoa.. P. esigra? Mt~id.& Vuigo-Red Plum. Yellow Plum. Brandywine Plum. 1,.Middle of April. TF'. mat. Last of August. ,ileb. Creek banks, and fence-rows: frequent. 8 to 15 feet high: flowercs white; fruit reddish yellow. Ohs. This is a rugged, branching little tree. In its wild state, it i s frequently sterile, and when it does'4 hear, the fruit is rather small and acerb. But under proper culture, the frtiit is large and luscious-though 't From Kaiyx, the flower cup, and Aiier, andios, male; Stamtens inserted on the Calyx:-a name sug- gested for this class, (IcosANDRIA, Linn.) which seems properly to comprise all plants with hermaphro- dite flQ11ers, in which the cait,~ is a onie-leavted sfanibtif rot's per-anth. See the Preface to this catalogde. Gr2 CALYCANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. coated with a thick coriaceous skin. I have never met with the tree out of this vicinity; and have bre under the impression that it was not described by any one, except M1arsiall. I certainly should not have expected to find it under the specific name nigra, if Dr. Muhlenberg's catalogue had not directed my attention to that species, by the subjoined English name, " yellow plum." I still think it cannot be the P. nigra, of Aiton. Willdenow, Persoon, &c. for they seem evidently to refer to a species of Cherry, properly so called. This species, though clearly distinct, approaches nearer to the Chicasa plum, than to any other which I have seen. 206. CUPHEA. Nutt. Gen. 434. [Gr. Kuphos, crooked, or gibbous: in reference to the capsule.] CAL. tubular-ventricose. Con. petals 6. CArs. 1 celled, opening lengthwise with the calyx. Seeds lenticular; C- vISCOSISSIMA. Ell. Viscid; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate-oblong; peduncles short: calyx striate. Fl. Middle of August, and after. Fr. mat. Middle of September, and after. Hab. Gravelly soils: frequent: abundant near Paoli .4fonument. 9 to 18 inches high: flowers deep purple. Obs. The whole plant is remarkably clammy. The seeds burst out before maturity, through a longitu- dinal opening in the capsule and calyx, and stand exposed on a columnar receptacle, on- short pedicels,- where the early ones ripen before the plant has done flowering. 207. COMANDRA. Nutt. Gen. 233. [Gr. Kome, a head of hair, and Aner, male; alluding to the structure of the anthers.] CAL. tubular-campanulate. CoR. petals 5, calycine, persistent. Stam. 5. CAPS. valveless, I seeded. C. UMBELLATA. Nutt. Leaves oblong; umbels axillary, 3 to 5 flowered; common peduncles long. Synon. Thesium umbellatum. Willd. Ph. Ell. &c. Vulgo-Bastard Toad-flax. Fl. Latter end of May. Fr. mat. Last of August. Hab. Sterile banks: R. Strodes; Barrens: not common: 9 to 15 inches high: flowers white. Obs. It will readily be perceived that the principle assumed, relative to this class, has induced the transfer of this genus hither, from Pentandria. It is done with much diffidence: though I confess it seems to me to have as much claim to be arranged here, as the genus Cuphea. OIIDER, DI-PENTAGYNIA. 20S. AGRIMONIA. Nutt. Gen. 436. [Etymclogy obscure: supposed to be corrupted from Argemone-which see.] CAL. inferior, 5 cleft, calyculate. Con. petals 5. Styles 2. SEED 2, enclosed in the base of the calyx. A. EUPATORIA. Ell. Hirsute; leaves intorruptedly pinnate, terminal leaflet petiolate; spike virgate. Vulgo-Agrimony. Fl. Middle of July, and after. Fr. mat Last of September. Hab. Borders of woods; and moist, low grounds: frequent. 2 to 3 feet high: flowers yellow, small. 209. CRATXGUS.. Nutt. Gen. 437. [Gr. Kratcs, strength: from the strength, or firmness of the wood. De Theis.] CaL, superior, 5 cleft. CoR. petals 5. Styles 1 to 5. BERRY farinaceous. Seeds 1 to 5, bony. C. oxYACANTHA. Wg. Leaves obtuse, incised-lobate, or trifid, and cuneate; lobes serrate; calyx hairy. Synon. Mespilus oxyacantha. Sm. Fl. Brit. Vulgo-Haw-thorn. Quick-set. English Thorn. Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Latter end of October. Hab. Roadside, 1 mile below Dilworth-town: rare. 10 to15 feet high: flowers white; fruitred, small. Obs. This is a foreigner; and is rare in this vicinity. Those specimens which I have examined, are the monogynous variety, noticed by Dr. Withering. This thorn is preferred in England, for hedging; but Mas rarely been used for that purpose, in our country,-or, at least,in this art of it. Our farmers general- ly prefer the C. populifolia, or Washington Thorn; and the C. cru ali,-the Cock spur, or New Castle Thorn. All the species here enumerated, are spinose. C. coccIaEA. Ell. Pentagynous; leaves ovate, lobed, acutely serrate etioles and calyx glandular. Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Middle of September. Hab. Moist woodlands, and thickets: Bath: frequent. 6 to 8 feet high: flowers white; fruit red, large. C, GLANDULOSA? Ph. Sub 3-gynous; leaves obovate-cuneiform, serrate, shining; calyx glandular. Synon. Mespilus cuneiformis? Marshall. Fl. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. Middle of September. 1fab. Brandywme, below Wistar's Bridge; frequent. 10 to 15 feethigh: flowers white: fruit red, CALY=CANDRIA. DI-PENTAGYNIA;-63 C. CRUB C.ALLt- Ph. Sub 2-gynous; leaves oblong-cuneate, serrate, subsessile, shining, coriaeieous. S'ynon. M\espilus crux galli. J.Marshall. Vulgo-Cock-spur Thorn. .New-Castle 'Thorn. Fl. Beginning of June. Fr. mat. Middle of October. Hlab. Fence-rows, &c. R. Strodes: frequent. 10 to 15 feet high: flowers white; fruit reddish brown. Obs. I find this species often monogynous. It is extensively, used, in New-Castle county, (Del.) for hedgin-; and, when properly managed, makes a very substantial hedge. In this immediate vicinity, how- ever, tie C. populifolia is most generally used. I think it probable we have some other species of Cratngus indigenous here; but I have not ascertained them satisfactorily. q.- For C. POPULLFOLIA, or Washington Thorn,-See appendix of cultivated plants. 210. ARONIA. Na tt. Gen. 440. CAL. superior, 5 toothed. Cont. petals 5. BnnyX 5 to 10 celled; cells 1 or 2 seeded. Seeds cartilaginous. A. ARBUITIFOLIA. Eli. Leaves obovate, crenate-dentate, midrib glandular above; flowers corymbose. Synon. Pyrus arbutifolia. Willd. Ph. Mespilus arbutifolia. 1U1x. Vulgo-Choke-berry. Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. Hab. Moist woodlands: Patton's: frequent. About 2 feet high: flowers reddish white; fruit dark red.; A. BOTRYAP'IUM. Ell. Leaves subcordate-oval, cuspidate; racemes lax,'"elongated; petals linear-oblong. Synon. Pyrus botryapium. W~illd. Ph. Mespilus canadensis. Allx. VvIlgo-Service berry. Shad bush. t. Middle of April. 1'r. miat. Latter end of June. f-lab. Rich, moist woodlands: frequent. S to 15, or 20 feet high: flowers white; fruitdark purple. Obs. This plant has had many different names imposed upon it, by the Botanists. The vulgar name of "1uSd bash," arose from the circumstance of its being always in flower, at the season of taking that fish. It is a showy little tree, when in bloom; and the fruit is esteemed by some. A. uvAeLrS. Eli; Leaves oblong-oval, acute: racemes erect; petals obovate; calyx-segments pubescent. Sjnen. Pyrus ovalis. ffilidl. Ph. Mingo-M\edlar-bush. Fl. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. Middle of July. Hlab. Fence-rows, &c. Seth Evenson's: not common. 2 to 4 feet high: flowers white; fruit dark purple: Obs. Michaux makes this a variety of the preceding (var. obovalis); but it seems to be specifical'.y distinct. 211. MALUS. Jvss Gen. Pl. p. 334. [The Latin name for an apple tree.] CAL. superior, 5 cleft. Colt. petals 5. Styles connate at base. POMrE spheroid, umbilicate at each er.3. M. coztoNARIA. .MX. orb. Leaves broad-oval, rounded at base, sub-angled; peduncles corymbose. Synon. Pyrus Coronaria. Nuett. WJilld. Ph. Ell. &c. tilgo-Crab Apple. Fl. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. Last of September. Hab. Fence-rows; borders of thickets, &c. frequent. 10 to 15 feet ]high: flowers pale rose red. Obs. The flowers, and ripe fruit, are remarkably fragrant. The fruit is frequently collected, and used Iy our house-wives, in makting pr-eserv~es. There seems to me to be a sufficient distinction between the Apple, and Pear, to warrant their separation. 212. SPIR-EA. .Nhtt. Gen. 442. [Supposed to be from the Gr. Speira, a cord; in allusion to its flexible britnches.] k CAL. inferior, 5 cleft. Con. petals 5, roundish, equal. .Stam. exserted. CAPS. 3 to l2,2-vaived, I cc11c,. S. SALIcrFOLmA. Ph. Leaves ovate-oblong, or obovate, sharply serrate; racomes paniculate, termina'. Synons. S. tomentosa alba. Jlfrshall. S. alba. 1'uil. Vulgo-Pipe-shank. Meadow Sweet. Fl. Latter end of June, and after. Fr. mat. Last of September. Hlab. Moist thickets, and low grounds: frequent. 4 to 6 feet high: flowers pale red, or reddish white. 0/is. This is the variety, lat ifolia, of Pursh. The leaves have but a remote resemblance to those of t' Willow. S. OPULIFOLIA. Ph. Trigynouis; leaves subovate, lobate; corymbs crowded; capsules inflated- Irulgo-..Nine-bark. Snow-ball leaved Spirmea. Hard-hack. P1. Beginning of June. Fr. mat. Latter end of August. Htab. Praqdywine: Amos Brinton's dam: rare. 3 to 5 feet high: flowers reddish white. 64 CALVCkNDRIA. DI-PENTAGYNIA. 213. GILLENIA. .Ntitt. Gens. 4.13. [ 1 CAL. 5 toothed. Cairt. petals 5, iantceoiatc, tapering; at base. Stam. few, included. C~krs. 5, connate G. TRIFOLIAiTA. .F1i. Leaves ternate, lanceolate, serrate; stipules linear, entire; panicles loose; terminal Synonr. Spir,-ra trifoliata. TWilld. Mlx. Ph. &c. V/go-Inian Physic. Bowman's root. Ipecac. Fl. Beginning ci June. 1,'?. mat. Beginning of August. flab. oose"ands: Patton's; Bath, &c. frequent. 21to 4 feet high: flowers white. Obs. Tin; plant has considerable reisttation for its medical properties,-particularly as )n cmatir. It in also said to on cathartic, and tuome, according to thni dose, or mode of exhibition. Sec Schopf, tile Busatos, and other writers on American Alateria Medlics. 214. ROS A. Nutt. Gesrz. J 11. [Supno:,ed to be froui the Celtic, Rhos, or rhrsdd, red; the prevailing --glor of~ the flowers. See De T/isis.1 CAL. nc-e late; neck contracted; border 5 cleft. CoRs. petals 5. Srsois ihispid, lodged in the b rriied calyx. R1. PARV (FLORA. Ell. Germs and peduncles hispid; stipular prickles straight; flowers mostly- inl pairs!. Synon. R. hnrilis. .Marsh R. carolinians. Mx. l-'u/o-Dwarf Wild ios. Fl. Beginning of July. Fs'. snot. Last of September. Flab. Borders of woods; fence-rows, &c. frequent. 1 to 2 feet high: flowers pale red; fruit globose. R. CORYMBOSA. Fl. Phil. Germs & peduncles subbispid; stipular prickles subuncinate; flowers conyrmbose ~S'yaon.. R. carolina. W-illd. Ph. Ell. R. pennsylvanica- 3.T. Vulgo-Swamp Rose. _F1. Beginning of June, and after. Fr. snot. Last of September. .11kab. Low, swampy grounds, and thickets: frequent. 4 to 6 feet high: flowers red; fruit globose: Obs. The stipular prickles, in this species, are slightly hooked, and not "near an inch loin,'".-as re!1- dered in Pier. P/rilad. There appear lo be some varieties of both the foregoing ;species, in this vicinity-- and possibly there may be other native species; but I have not ascertained any, to satisfaction. R. sTAVEOTX-V . Ell. Germs, peduncles and petioles glandular-hrispid; prickles recurved; leaflets elliptic. Synson. R. rubiginosa. J~rilld. Mu/hl. iXhtt. R. suavifolia. igsl f. I/Vigo-Sweet Briar. Eglantine. Fl. Middle of June. Fr. snat. Last of September. .flsab. Sandy banks; roadsides, kc. frequent. 5 to 8 feet high: flowers pale redl; fruit ovate. Obt. This well known rose, so much admired for its fragrant leaves, is pretty frequent here; tboughi M4r. Nuttall says it is "certainly not native." It usually attains the height above mentioned; but w~here gains are taken to train its slender stems, it often reaches to twice or thrice that height. 215. RUBUS. Nustt. Gen. 445. [Lat. Ruber,-or Celtic, Rub, red; from the color of the fruit, or branches of the plant.] CAL. inferior, 5 cleft. CoR. petals 5. BERRY compound; acines mostly juicy, 1 seeded- R. vSLLosus. Ell. Stem angled; leaves digitate, in 3's or 5's; leaflets ovate, acuminate, hairy both side. S'ynoss. R. fruticosus. Mllarsh. Vulgo-Fommon Black-berry bush. Briar. FY. Midle of May. Fr-. mat. Middle of July. flab. Old fields, fence-rows, &c. common. 4 to S feet high: flowers white; fruit black. Obs. The root is somewhait astringent; end the infusion is a popular remedy in diarrlsaas, and mild dysenteries. The berries afford a pleasant jam, which is also considered salutary, in such cases. 'Tle plant is rather troublesome on our farms, and is diligently rooted out of the fields, by neat farmers. R .O~CCDENTALIS. Ell. Stem terete, glaucous; leaves ternate, hoary-tomentose beneath; racemes terminal. Vulgo-American Raspberry. Black Raspberry. Thimble-berry. Erl. Latter end of May. Fr. mnat. Middle of July. Hfab. Fence-rows; borders of woods, &c. frequent. 4 to 8 feet long; flowers white; fruit dnark purple. Obs. The slender sterns are often so mutch cturved, that the lop descends to the earth, and takes root. The fruit of this species, though not very sprightly, has a pleasant flavor, and is generally admired. R1. TR5'JIALCS. Eli. Procumbent; prickles recurved; leaves mostly ternate; pedicels solitary, axiliary, long Sy~nont. R. procumnbens. .Msr/d. Bert. Fl. Phil. Vu/go-D~ew-Ferry. Running Briar. Fl. Latter end of May. Fr. met. Latter end of July. Hrab. Sterile, neglected fields, &c. freqtuent. 4to 6, or 8 feet long-: flowers white; fruit black, large. Obs. The stinules, in my specimens, are lanceolate, and not " subulate." There are, however, probably aome varieties of this speceis. The fruit is very fine. The root of this is also astringent; and is often used in similar cases with that of R. villosus. CALX'CANDRI A.. POLYGVMiA. A. .LA.GELLA55S. Ph. Procumbent; leaves ternate; middle one caneate at base; flowers term~inal. ,71. Latter end of M1ay. Fhr. rt.Latter end of July. gab. Woodlands; and along shaded rivulets; frequent. 2 to 4 feet long: flowers white; fruit black. Obs. This is made a variety of the fore goingc,by some botanists; butit seems to be pretty distinct. Tim whole plant is more delicate, and rather m.ore glabrous. The ripe berries, as remarked by Dr. W. P. C" Barton, are rarely perfect-a few only of the acines arriving at maturity. It is possible, however, that all this difference may result from its gsowing in the woods -where I have most commonly observed it. R. OusOVALIS? Ph. Procumbent; stemn very hispid; leaves ternate, obovate, ovate, and rhomboidal. Fl. Latter end of M'ay.I'r. mat. Hab. Woodlands: Barrens, above S. Stringfcllow's: not common. 2 to 4 feet long: flowers white. Ohsv. I was inclined to refer thsis to the R. hispirlue, of Wilid. and Purslb; but Mr. Schweinitz, to whom Isubmitted my specimen, supposed it to he R. obovalis. Perhaps they are really not dlistinict. SThe Pt. ODORATtUS, I have not found growing; native in this vicinity; but Dr. Baldwin informed ass he had seen it on the Brandywine, near the factories of the Messrs. Doponte. 216. GEUM. lNatt. Gen. 448. [Gr. gnio, to be splendid; or getio, to relish, or give a good taste; from its appearance, or properties.] (lAI: inferior, 10 cleft, alternate segments smaller. Cost. petals 5. SEEDS awnerd; awns mostly ge~culate. G. AL5TIM Ell. Radical leaves pinnate; cauline 3 lobed; stipules incised; petals aslong as the calyx. Vulpo-Avens. H-erb Bennet (a corruption of the French, herbe brnite). Fl. Beginning of July. Fr. met. Latter end of September. .Ylab. Rich Woodlands; thickets, &c. frequent. About two feet high: flowers white. Obs. The three-lobed stem-leav-,es considerably resemble those of the currant bush. G vsnc,-TNcsNr.z? Ell. Rtadical and lower leaves ternate, upper lanceolate; petals shorter than the calyx, F?. Middle of June, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of September, and after. Flab. Roadsides; fence-rows, &ce. frequent. 2 to 3 feet high: flowers white, or yellow. Ohs. Some of my specimens are quite birsute,--the radical le aves often quissate.-the flowers small, and yellow: psossibly only varieties. - I have other specimens, (both hirsute, and nearly glabrous.) with the leaves all tern ate, except the small upper ones,-the petals as long as the calyx, and white. Mr. Schweinitz, who examined theml, be, haeves them to be "a new species, not at all described," which "might justly he called G. terusetiem." They seenm to be intermediate between the two foregoing; but not suiting the descriptions of either. 217. POTENTILLA. Nutt. Gen. 449. [Lat. Potentie, power; from its imaginary medical powers.] CAm.. inferior, 10 cleft, spreading. CoR. petals 5. STEes roundish, naked, attached to a dry receptacle. P. WORWaEGIcA. Ell. Hirsute; erect; dichotomously branching; leaves ternate; peduncles axillary. .r1. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. mat. Middle of September, and after. Rlab. Pasture fields; along Brandywine: frequent. About two feet high: flowers yellow. Obs. I should judge this to be a stranger here. It may have strayed hither from Canada,--where Willb denow says it is a native. P. CANADENSIs. Ell. procumbent; silky; leaves quinate, cuneate-obovate, incised-dentate, Vhlgo-Common Cinque-foilI. Flt. Last of April, and after. Fr. mat. Beg;inning of June, and after. fLab. 01(1 fields; and sterile pastures: very common. 6 to 12 inches long: flowers yellow. P. SIMPLEX. Ell. Erect; hirsute; leaves quinate, upper ones sessile; leaflets oblong-oval, coarsely serrate, Fl. Middle of May, and after. Fr. mazt. ILast of June, and 'after. fu b. Woodlands; roadsides, &c. common. 9 to 15 inches high: flowers yellow. Obs. This speciewhen it first dlowers, is ustually about a foot high; but it often esVends, afterwards, to 2or 3i feet, and becomnes almost procumbent. 218. FRAGARIA. ,Vutt. Gens. 451. [Lat. fragrons, smelling sweetly; in reference to its fragrant fruit.) CAL. inferior, 10 cleft. COR. petals 5. Receptacle of the seed ovate, berried, deciduous. P. VIRGIterAN-A. Ell. Calyx pf the fruit spreadin g; hairs on the petioles erect, on the peduncles appressed ulg'o-W~ild Strawberry. 17" Latter end of April. Fr. mat. Last of May. fab. Neglected old fields; fence-ro~ws, &c. frequent. 6 to 12 inches long: flowers whitei fruit red. Obs. ImpFFroved agriculture, anti tLie rotation of crops, have caused this delicious fruit to be mot'e rare ml 0tradds tl~n it wasa formerly. h CLASS XIII. DIDYNAMIA. ORDER, GYMNOSPERMIA. a. Calyx nearly equally 5 cleft. 219. TEJCRIUM. .Nutt. Gen. 405, [Said to be dedicated to Teucer; a Trojan Prince, who first introduced the plant to notice.] CoR. upper lip none; or deeply cleft, with the Stamens in the fissure: lower lip trifid. T. CANADENSE- Ell. Leaves lance-ovate, serrate; spike terminal, crowded; bractes as long as the calyx. Vulgo-Nettle-leaved Germander. Wood Sage. Fl. Middle of July. Fr. mat. Beginning of September. flab. Fence rows; and along Brandywine: frequent. 1 to 3 feet high: flowers pale purple. Obs. I have specimens which fit the descriptions given of both T. canadense, and T. virginicum; except that the bractes are, in all of them, about ae long as the calyx: but I incline to think they are nothing more than varieties. That which answers to T. virginicum, grows on the rich, moist grounds along Brandy wine, near John Taylor's Mill; and is often 3 feet high, or more. 220. VERBENA. Nutt. Gen. 521. JFrom the Celtic, ferfaen, meaning to remove, or cure the stone; one of its supposed virtues. De Theis.] CoR. funnel-form; tube incurved; limb 5 lobed, unequal. Seeds 4 or 2, finally naked. V. HASTATA. Ell. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, incised-serrate, rarely hastate; spikes paniculate. Fl. Middle of July, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. Flab. :.swampy meadows; and creek sides: Brandywine: frequent. 3 to 5 feet high: flowers bluish purple. Obs. I suspect our plant is the variety, oblongifolia, of Nuttall. I have preferred placing this genus in Gymnospermia, because the evanescent capsule, or tunic of the seeds, which is spoken of, is rarely to be observed: and therefore the student will be most likely to look for it in this order. V. URTICEFOLIA. Ell. Leaves ovate, acute, serrate; spikes filiform, terminal and axillary; flowers distinct. Vulgo-Common, or Nettle-leaved Vervain. Fl. Beginning of July, and after. Fr. mat. Last of September. Hab. Pastures and roadsides: not common. 2 to 4 feet high: flowers white, small. Obs. This species is pretty abundant in our pasture fields; and, towards autumn, becomes covered with a bluish pulverul ent matter, resembling mould. Schopf says, the decoction of the root, together with the inner bark of white oak, in milk and water, has been used with happy success in cases of poisonous erup- tion caused by the poison Sumach. The virtues of the remedy, probably, were derived from the oak hark. 221. MENTHA. Nutt. Gen. 496. [Minthe, a daughter of Cocytus; fabled to have been changed into this herb, by Proserpine.] CoR. 4 cleft, subequal; the broadest segment emarginate. Stamens erect, distant. M. BOREALIS. Ph. Pubescent; leaves petiolate, lance-oval, acute at each end; flowers verticillate. Fl. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. mat. Latter end of September. Hab. Along Brandywine: Jefferis' ford, &c. frequent. 9to 18 inches high: flowers purplish white. M. ARveNSIs. Fl. Brit. Hairy; branching; leaves ovate; flowers verticillate; calyx campanulate. Vulgo-Corn Mint. Field Mint. Fl. Middle of July, and after. Fr. mat. Hab. Roadside, near Jos. Townsend's farmhouse: rare. About 1 foot high: flowers bluish purple. Ohs. This foreigner is rare here; and has probably escaped from the gardens, or been accidentally in. troduced. The plant, when bruised, has a remarkable odor; not unaptly compared, by 'Withering, to that of mouldy cheese. \I. VIRiis. Fl. Brit. Leaves lanceolate, sessile; spikes elongated, interrupted; stamens long. Vulgo-Spear Mint. Common Mint. Fl. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. mat. Last of September. flab. About houses: along rivulets, &c. frequent. 1 to 2feet high: flowers pale purple. Obs. A foreigner, but becoming extensively naturalized., It is well known for its warm, aromatic quah ties; and is much employed in domestic medicine, in cases of nausea, &c. DIDYNAMIA. GYMNOSPERMIA. 67 M. PIPERrrA. Fl. Brit. Leaves subovate, petiolate; spikes obtuse, interrupted below; stamens included. Vulgo-Pepper Mint. Fl. Middle of August, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. Nab. Along rivulets: low moist grounds: frequent. About two feet high: flowers purple. Obs. This, also, is a foreigner; but is gradually becoming naturalized. It is too well known, for its grateful and valuable properties, to require a specification of them here. I may remark, however, that the infusion of this, and also of the preceding species, administered cold. in small portions,-say a table spoonful at a time,-is admirably adapted to relieve distressing nausea, and vomiting. 222. HYSSOPUS. Nttt. Gen. 498. [A very ancient name, adopted for this genus: " a voce hebraica Ezob." Boerh.] CoR. lower lip 3 parted; intermediate segment suberenate. Stamens straight, distant. H. NEPETOIfEs. Ph. Stem acutely 4 angled, sub-alate; leaves ovate, acutely dentate; petioles smooth Fl. Middle of July, and after. Fr. mat. Last of September. flab. Fence-rows; borders of woods, &c. frequent. 4 to 6 feet high: flowers pale, or greenish yellow. Obs. The styles are often longer than the corolla, in this species, as well as in the following. H. sCROPHULAriFoLIUs. Ph. Stem obtusely 4 angled; leaves cordate-ovate, obtusely dentate; petioles Fl. Beginning of August, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. [ciliate-pubescent. .lab. Fence-rows; thickets, &c. frequent. 3 to 5 feet high: flowers, and stalks, purple. 223. NEPETA. Nuttt. Gen. 499. [Etymology obscure: supposed from Nepete, a city of Etruria; near which it was eriginally found.] CAL. arid, striate. Con. lower lip crenate; margin of the throat reflected. Stam. approximate- N. cATARIrA. Ell. Hoary-pubescent; leaves cordate, petiolate, dentate-serrate; flowers in whorled spikes. Vulgo-Cat-mint. Cat-nep. Fl. Latter end of June, and after. Fr. mat. Last of August, and after. Flab About houses, gardens, fence-rows, &c. common. 2 to 3 feet high: flowers reddish white. Obs. A naturalized foreigner. The infusion of the herb is highly popular, as a remedy for irregularities of the catamenia; and is probably useful. 224. STACHYS. Nutt. Gen. 503. [Cr. Stachys, a spike; in reference to its mode of flowering.] Con.. upper lip vaulted; lower lip reflected at the sides, middle segment large, emarginate. S. ASPERA ? 31r. Stem square, angles retrorsely hispid; leaves lance-oblong, obtusely serrate, subpetiolate" Synon. S. hispida' Ell. Valgo-Hedge-nettle. Clown-heal. Fl. Latter end of August. Fr. mat. Pezinninc of October. liab. Brandywine: Jno. Taylor's; Wistar's Bridge: rare. I to 2feethigh: flowers pale reddish purple. Obs. I take this to be the S. asoera, of Michaux; and yet it agrees remarkably, in several respects, with 'he S. bipida, of Pursh and Elliott. The calyx, however, is hispidly pilose, in my specimens. I am sat- :sfied it is not the S. aspera, of Mr. Elliott. 225. LEONURUS. Nutt. Gen. 504. Gr. Leon, a lion, and Oura, a tail; from a strangely fancied resemblance.] Con. upper 1ip villous, flat, entire; lower lip 3 parted, middle segment undivided. -L. CARtDIACA. Ell. Leaves 3 lobed, dentate, cuneate at base; corolla longer than the pungent calyx. Vulgo-Mother-wort. RL. Middle of June, and after. Pr. mat. Middle of August, and after. Irab. About houses; farm-yards; fence-rows, &c. frequent. 2 to 4 feet high: flowers pale purple. Obs. An unwelcome foreign weed, now completely naturalized. [L. MAntUDISAsTRITM. Willd. Leaves lance-ovate, dentate; corolla as long as the subpungent calyx: Fl. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. mat. Middle of September. Hab. Fence-rows, &c. about Marshallton: rare. 2 to 4 feet high: flowers pale red. Obs. This foreign plant was introduced by the late Humphry Marshall, into his botanic garden ,-whence it has spread around the neighborhood, and bids fair to become extensively-naturalized: though it will not be any more welcome than the preceding. "; , DID NAMIL . GYMNOSPERMI.. 226. AIARRIUMU" -.Nutt. Gen. 507. (` A voe h~cbraioa Aarob, quod atnarum succuns significat.'" L'crh.j CAL. salverform, 10 striate, riid. Con. upper lip bifid, linear, straight. M. VULGAJL EU. Leaves roundish-ovate, crenate-dentate, rugose-veined; calyx teeth setaceous, ufleinate, a, tlgo-Hoar-houndI. Fl. Beginning of July, and after. F)- mat. Mliddle of August, and aftcr. FHiib. Dry, stony banks, about houses, &c. frequent. 9 to 18 inches high: floivers white. Obs. This foreign plant, though naturalized in many localities, does not seem to extend itself very fast. It is a well known, and deservedly estoemed tonic; and when prepared in the form of a syrup, i:+ an ex" cellent pectoral medicine. 227. LAMIITJ1M. P.af t Gen. 509. [Obscure: .Boerhz. says, "a Laemia pisce, quia hujus piscis horrenduin vultum refe't.'' ,/ COI. upper lip entire, vtttlted; lower lip '2 lobed; margin of the throat tonthed on each S. LANCEOLATA. Ph. Stern branching; leaves lance-linear, entire; corymbs terminal, fastimiate. SYnon. S. graminifolia. Ell. Euthamia graminifolia. . Nutt. 17. Middle of August, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. hab. Low grounds; borders of woods, &c, frequent. 2 to 4 feet high: flowers yellow. S. CAsIA. Ph. Stem smooth, glaucous; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, serrate; racemes axillary. 6 ulgo-Golden rod. Fl. Beginning of September, and after. Fr. mat. Middle of October. Hab. Woodlands: common. 1 to 3feet high: flowers yellow. Obs. All the species are known by the common name of Golden rod; but this one is so called byway of eminence, in this vicinity. It is reputed medicinal, by some dealers in simples, who allege that it is a rem- edy for the bite of snakes, &c. butI apprehend its virtues are unimportant. We have, doubtless, other species of this difficult genus; but the foregoing are all that I have been able, as vet, to determine with any degree of swtisfaction,-even with the assistance of my botanical friends. Ni SYNGENE~A. SiiPEld'LUA. 296: ASTEJR. Thaut. Gyn. 659. LGr. Asler-, a Star; from the appearane of its radiated flowers.] CAL. imbricate, lower scales spreading. Radialiflorrts generally more than 10. Pappus pilose § 1. Leaves entirr. A. LasNARuareLIUS. Ell. Leaves numerous, linear, mnucronate, margins scabrous; coryrmb umbellate Synon. Chrysopsis linariifolia. Nutt. Ti. Middle of September. Fr. mat. M4iddle of October- Hab. Dry, hilly woodlands: Barrens, &c. frequent. 9 to 18 inches high: rays purple, disk yellow. A. TENTUItOLIUS? Ell. Much btanched; leaves lance-linear; flowers racerhlose on the main branches. Fl. Latter end of August, and after. Fr,. mat. Latter end of Septemnber. Hab. Old fields; roadsides, &c. very common. 1 to 3 feet high: flowers small; rays white. Obs. This is a very abundant, and rather troublesome weed, in all ourold fields, and pastures. The floT- ers arc about the size of a half dime, very numerous, and wvhite. I bave other specimens, which approach it very nearly, with pale purple rays. Indeed, I thdnk we have what might be enumerated as the A. eris? desa, A. multi/`incue, and A. durosus, of the books; but not being able to determine them satisfactorily, I shall pass them over for the present. A. atUBILta. El1. Leaves lance-oval, acuminate at each end, mnargins hispid ; corymb sub-dichotomousa S~ynon. A. cornifolius. WSilld. ihi. A. infirmus. Mx. Chrysopsis humoilis. N'utt. Fl. Middle of August, and after. Fr. mat. Last of September. Hlab. Woodlands: Patton's; Barrens, &c. frequent. 1 to 2feet high; flowers large; rays white- A. SALICIFOLIUS ? Ph. Stem simple, corymbose above; leaves lancenlate, acuminate, tapering at base Fl. Beginning of September. -Fr. mat. Beginning of October. Hab. Moist woodlands: Patton's &c. frequent. 2 to 4 feet high: rays white, rarely purplish. Obs. Mr. Schweinitz considered this the A. salicifolius; but it fits the description of A. amygdalis so well that I cannot help entertaining some doubts on the subject. The margins of the leaves are scab= coos; the stem corymbose at summit; and the flowers mostly with long, narrow, white rays-rarely oftA psale blush color. A. PHLOGIFOLIUS. Ph. Leaves lance-oblong, base cordate, amplexicaul; panicie lax, few-flowered. Synmon. A. amplexicaulis. 17x. A. undulatus? Eli., Fl. Latter end of August. Fr. moat. Last of September. Kab. W~oodlands: Bath; Patton's, &c. frequent. i to 2 feet high: rays violet-purple. 62. Leaves serrate: cordate, and ovate. A. nsvERSsfln-as. Ell. Lower leaves with winged petioles, upper sessile; panicle lax, branches raceinose Synon. A. undulatus. Willd. Ph. Fl. Middle of September. Fr. mtoe. Mliddle of October. Hab. Woodlands, and fence-rows: frequent. 2 to 3 feet high: rays pale blue, or violet. A. co~tmwo~rus. Ell. Lower leaves cordate, acute, upper spathulate-ovate; petioles winged, hairy. Fl. -Middle of September. Fr. mat. Middle of October. Hlab. Woodlands: Patton's, &c. frequent. 1 to 2 feet high: rays pale purple, long. A. COsiyMnOsts.- Eli. Leaves ovate, acuminate, acutely serrate, petioles naked; corymb sub-fastigiate, Fl. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. mat. Middle of September, and after. Hlab. Borders of woodlands; roadsides, &c. frequent. 1 to2 feet high: rays white. A. MACOPHYLLU~S. Ph. Lower leaves petiolate, oblong-cordate, serrate, large, upper ones sessile, ovate. Fl. Middle of August, and after. Fr. mat. Latter end of September. flab. Woodlands: Bath, &c. frequent. I to 2 feet high: rays white, sometinmes pale blue, ,§ 3. Leases lanceolate, and ovate: lower ones serrate. A. L)mvtGATeS? Ell. Branching; glabrous; leaves lanceolate, sub-amplexicaul, upper ones nearly entire. .17. Beginning of September. Fr. mat. Middle of October. Hab. Woodlands: Bath, &c. frequent. 2 to 3 feet high: rays reddish blue, long, Obs- Mr. Schweinitz called this A. Itavigatus; but if the A. lavis, of Willdenow, is really a distinct sp&~ ties, I should incline to refer nmy specimens to the latter. A. vEReStCOLOs? Ell. Much branched; leaves sub-amplexicaul, broad-lanceolate, upper ones entire. TI. Middle of September. 1'7-. m.at. Middle of October. 116b. H-illy fields, and uplands: frequent. I to 2 feet high:. flowers small, numerous, rays white. Obs. The branches ace crowded with flowers, and thickly set with small, oval, entire leaves. S TNGE NESIA. SUP iWRLUA. 9 X11 A. co~cirerNcs. Ph. Stern simple, paniculate at summit; leaves lanceolate, sub-amplexicaul, glabrous. Fl. Beginning of October. Fr-. mat. Last of October. Habi. Woodlands: near Wmr. Brinton's Lime quarry: rare. 1 to 2 feet high: rays pale purple, long. A. PuNIrcrtus. P/i. Stem hispid; leaves amplexicaul, lanceolate, serrate, rough; branches paniculate. Fl. Middle of September. Fr. mat. Middle of October. Heab. Borders of swamps; thickets, &c. frequent. 2 to 4 feet high: rays blue, long, disk yellow. A. SERtOTtNtT5* Ph. Glabrous; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, sessile; branches corymbose. Fl. Beginning of October. Fr. mat. B~eginning of November. Hab. Moist, shaded grounds: forks of Brandywine: not common. "3 to 5 feet high: rays pale purple, long. 0/is. This agrees pretty well with the A. serotinus, of Willdenow, and Pursh,-except that the rays of the flowers are often nearly white, or very slightly tinged with reddish purple. A. covYZOIDrS. Eli. Leaves lance-oval, lower ones tapering at base to a petiole, upper ones sessile Synun. A. marilandicus. MVx. Fl. Last of July, and after. Fr. mat. Aliddle of September, and after. .Flb. Woodlands: Patton's; Barrens, &c. frequent. 12 to 18 inches high: rays white. ,A. LANCrOLAvTUS? lWilld. Glabrous; lower leaves ovate- lance olate, petiolate, upper lanceolate, sessile: Fl. Latter end of August. Fr. mat. Last of September. Hub. Woodlands; Win. Osborn's: not common. About 2 feet high: rays white, large. Obis. I am by no means confident of this species. The lower stem-leaves are ovate-lanceolate, serrulate. sub-cordate at base, on marginate petioles about 2 inches in length; the upper leaves are narrow-lan- ceolate, sessile, and nearly entire. The flowers are beautifully wvhite; and crowded on the branchecs, in somewhat racemose panicles. I have sev'eral other specimens of this formidable genus, which I have nol yet been able to detetmine suflciently, to warrant the attrnmpt to enumerate ;here; and I have no doubt there may be a number more, in this vicinity, which have hitherto escaped my notice. I foilly concur, however, with Mr. Nuttall, gin the epiaion, that inany species have been created out of our numerous polymnorphous varieties. b. Receptacle mostly chiaffy. 297. HIELENIUM. Nutt. Gen. 684. [An ancient name; said to have been derived from Helen, the Greek beauty. See De Theis.] -CAL. simple, many parted. COR. rays semi-trifid. Pappus chaffy, 5 leaved, awned. Recept. globose 11. AIJTTMNALE. Eli. Leaves lanceolate, serrate, sub-decarrent; flowers corymbose; rays flat, reflexed >Gulgo-False Sun-flower. Sneeze-weed. Fl. Middle of August, and after. Fr. mat. Aliddle of October. Ha/i. Creek banks: Brandywine, abundant. 2 to 5 feet high: flowers yellow. O/is. The powdered receptacle, and calyx, possess active errhine properties. 298. ANTHEMIS. Nutt. Gen. 679. [Gr. Ant hemon, a flower; fronm the great number which it produces.] CAL. hemispherical, sub-equal. CoR. rays more than 5. Pappits 0, or a membranaceous margin. A. AitvF~sss. Hlr. Receptacle conic; chaff lanceolate; seed crowned with a margin. Vulgo-Field Chamomile. Corn Chamomile. Fl. Beginning of June. Fr. snat. Latter end of July. Hab. Cultivated grounds; and pastures: Patton's, &c. frequent. About 1 foot high; rays white. Oba. A foreigner; but becoming naturalized. This species is inodorotis. A. ovUrA, Ell. Receptacle conic; chaff setaceous; Need naked; leaflets subulate, 3 parted. J'hlgo-May weed. Stinking Chamomile. Rtichardson's Pink. Dog's Fennell. Fl. Last of June till autumn. Fr4. snot. August, and after. .fl/i. Roadsides; farmyards, &e. common. .6 to 9 inches high: rays white. Obis. A disagreeable, fetid little foreign weed; which has. becotue extensively naturalized. 299. A011ILLEA. Nutt. Genm 680). [Ini honor of Ac/illes, a disciple of Chiron; who first introduced it to noticel. CAL. ovate, imbricate. Cor., rays 5 to 10, roundish. Pappas 0. A. MILLFt5Fo~saM. Ell. Stem sulcate; leaves bipinnatif d, hairy, segments linear, denitate, iuucronate. Viilgo*-¶Yart. Milfoil. Nose-bleed. Sneeze-wort. Fl. Begining of June till September. Fr. mat. August, and after. flab. Fence-rows; pastures, &c. common. 2 tol3 feet high: flowers white.. 0/i*. A raturalized foreigner. It is a pleasant, aromatic bitter; and- popolaras a tonic---used in infusion~ SYNGENESIA. FRUSTRANEA, OflDER, POLYGAMVIA FRUSTRANEA. Receptacle chaffy. 300.1 RUDBECKIA. Nutt. Gen. 690. [In honor of Ofaus Rudbeck, Father and Son; Swedish Botanists.] C L, sub-equal; scales in a double series. Pappus a 4 toothed margin. Recept. conic. . LAcINIATA. Ph. Stem glabrous; lower leaves pinnate, leaflets 3 lobed, upper ones ovate; pappus crenate, Vulgo-Cone-flower. Cone-disk Sunflower. .1K'. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. mat. Latter end of September. Hab. Moist, low grounds: Brandywine: frequent. 4, to 6 or 8 feet high: rays yellow, large, drooping KR RIRTA. Ell. Hirsute; stem virgate, sub-ramose; peduncles nak ed; leaves lance-ovate. P1. Beginning of July. Fr. mat. Middle of September. flab. Thicket, below B. Ogden's: not common. 3 to 5 feet high: rays yellow, disk dark purple. 301. HELIANTHUS. Nutt. Gen. 6S9. [Gr. helios, the sun, and Anthos, a floer; from the resemblance of its flower.] CAL. imbricate, sub-squarrose, foliaceous. Pappus chaffy, 2 leaved, caducous. Recept. flat, § 1. Leaves opposite. . 'DIVARIcATUs? Ell. Stem glabrous, branching; leaves lance-ovate, scabrous above, sessile .l. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. mat. Middle of September. Ilab. Borders of woods; and thickets: frequent. 2 to 4 feet high: flowers yellow. H. FRONDo03Us? Ph. Leaves ovate, sharply serrate, petiolate; peduncles scabrous. El. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. mat. Middle of September. .Hab. Dry woodlands; fence-rows, &c. frequent. 2 to 3 feet high: flowers yellow. H. MOLLIS. Ell. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, scabrous above, hoary-pubescent and soft beneath Fl. Beginning of August. Fr. mat. Latter end of September. flab. Woodlands: Bath, &c. frequent. 2 to 4 feet high: flowers yellow. Obs. In my specimens the leaves are all opposite, and tapering at base to short petioles. I have not been able fully to satisfy myself, from the books, relative to the foregoing species of Helianthus; though I have but little doubt as to this last. § 2. Leaves alternate. H. GIGANTEUs. Willd. Scabrous; branching; leaves lanceolate, obsoletely serrate, subsessile. Fl. Middle of August, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. flab. Borders of thickets, &c. frequent. 5 to 8 feet high: flowers yellow. 302. BIDENS. Nutt. Gen. 691. [Lat. Pidens, having two teeth; alluding. to the awns, or teeth, crowning the seeds.] CAL. sub-equal, calyculate. Colt. rays often wanting. Pappus 2, or 4 scabrous awns. Seed 4 sided. $. cFRXUA. Ph. Flowers sub-radiate, shorter than the outer calyx; leaves lanceolate, sub-connate. Fl. Beginning of September, and after Fr. mat. Middle of October. Hab. Ditches; and low swampy grounds: frequent. I- to 3 feet high: flowers yellow; awns 2. Obs. Pursh was certainly safe in asserting, of the species of this genus, that " the most of them are eithe 7vithout or with rays"! P. CARYSANTN4EMOIDES. Ph. Flowers radiate, rays long; leaves oblong, tapering at each end, connate. Pl. Last of August, and after. Fr. mat.' Beginning of October. ,1ab. Along rivulets; swamps, &c. frequent. 1 to 2 feet high: flowers yellow, showy; awns 2. Obs.. There seensto be some vasieties of this; or perhaps, as Mr. Elliott suggests, there may be distinct vpecies passing under this name. B. FRONDOSA. Ell. FloWers discoid; outer calyx very long; lower leaves pinnate, upper ones ternate. Vulgo-Bur Marygold. Beggar-ticks. Pl. Beginning of August, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. Rlab. Gardens; fence-rows, &c. common. 2 to 4 feet high: flowers yellowish, inconspicuous; awns 2. Obs. This is an obnoxious weed in our gardens, and cultivated lots--especially when in seed; as these adhere by their awns, to tlothing, &c. in great numbers; SYNGENESIA. FRUSTRANEA. 95 6. trl i _iV. 1"11. Flowers subradi ate; leaves bipinnate; leaflets lanceolate, pinnatifid f/alga-Spanish Needles. Hemlock Beggar-ticks. E l. B~eginning of August, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. fl lTb. Gardens; fields, &c. common. 2 to 4 feethigh: flowers yellow; seed long; awns 3; or 4. Obs. This, also, is a well knowvn, troublesome weed, in the fall of the year. 303. POLYMNI~IA. Alrttt Gen. 697. [Supposed to be dedicatedcl\cne of the Xuse%; on account of its beauty.] CAI.. double; outer 4 or 5 leaved, inner %leaved; leaflets concave. Pappus 0. Recept. chaffj, P. cA-NAflErsts. Fbi. Viscid; villous; lower le 9,s-fiinnatifid;' upper ones 3 lobed, or entire. Fl. Mliddle of August. Fr mat. lfzb. B'randywvine, near M. Batten's: very rare. 3 to 5 feet high: flowers yellow. Obs. I hsave dot met with this plant growing wild. myself; but my amoiable and venerable friend, the late Mr. John .Jack son, who was an excellent practical botanist, and paid much attention to the plants of this region, informed m~e he had seetit growing native it the above locality. CLASS XVII11. GIYNANDRI A. 304., ORCHIS. Ntttt. Gen. 706. f.A whtimsical Greek na~me; and more tolerable in Greek than English.] ~otR. ringent, upper leaflet vaulted. Lip dilated, base spurred beneath. Pollinia 2, terminal, adnate. F 0. CILtAvteS. Eli. Lip lance-oblong, pinnate-ciliate; spur longer thsan the germ. Fl. Middle of July. Es-. nmat. flab. Low, moist grounds: rare. 1 to 2 feet high: flowers deep yellow. Ciba. This species grows in the alluvial district towards Wilmntgton, Del--also in the Great Valley, and on the farm, of Mr. John D. Steele, in W~est-Bradford: but has not yet been found in this iminediate I vicinity. 0. .A.CERA. T rv. Lip long, 3 parted, segments capillaceotus-multifid; spur the length of the germ. P1. Latter end of June. Fr-. mat.. Huab. Moist woodlands: Jesse Good's: rare. I to 2 feet high: flowers greenish white. Obs. The 0. psi covdes, of Pursh, Willdenow, &c. is probably distinct from this; as they speak of the flowers being yellowe. Ia other respects, however, it seems to approach it. 0. Tr,1DPNTATA. Willd. Lip lanceolate, 3 toothed at apex; spur liliform at apex, longer than the germ. Son.. 0. clavellata? Mx1_. Eli. Aitt. &C. Fl. Latter end of July. Fe. aoot. flHab. Mloist thickets: Geo. Vernona's: not common. 6 to 12 inches high: flowers pale green: ^º00 PECTABtLIS. Eli. Lip obovare, crenate; spur clavate, shsorter than the germ; bractes large. 1h11jtO" 0.hutnilis. 11r:. Vtulge-Priest in the Pulpit. Pl. Beginning tf Mlay. 1'r. mat. iab. Rich woodlands: Bath, &c. frequent. G to 9inches high: flowers purple andl whito. 0. HlERBIOLA. Pih. Lip oblong, obtuse, toothed at base on each side; palate I toothsed; spur shorter than the SY7tt72. Habenaria herbiola. Br-otwis in.Ait. Kete. ed. 2. sreand. Ph. [germ. Fl. Beginning of June. Fr.. net Ilab. Moist thickets: on may farm: rare. 12 to 18 inaches high: flowers yellosvi-"h greets. Ciba. The existence of this rare species seems to have been doubted b'. our later writers otn American Plants; as it is not noticed, either bsy Muhlenberg, Nutttall, or Elliott. F .,'n Purish himself did not see it. I. ut the description given in his Sit jslemest, p. '743, fits my plant precisey v 'of~a as it. goes; and I am fur. ther con firmed, as to the species, by Dr. Torrey, to whom I sent a specimrn. The stemi is angular, flexu- L ose, leafy; leaves 3, or 4, oblong;-lanceolate, acute, I to 2 inchecs °n e 1 4 to 6 irlches long; bractes 'snecolate.. tiicc as long as the flowers.. root fascictilate. X14 .J4 YNANDRIA. MONANDRIA. 0 fl.M-kUTA. )5Rlld. Lip 3 parted, segments cuneate, ciliate-fimbriate; spur longer than thie germ. F2. Latter end of July. Fr. mnat. .Tlab. Wet,low grounds: Bath; Ed. Darlington's: rare. 2 to 3 feet ig;h: flowers purple, showy. Obs. This is a rare, and very beautiful plant. I have only found two or three specimens in all this~ vicinity- 303. GOODY ERA. Nuhtt. Gen. 703. Cosn. ringent; the 2 lower petals placed unde? the gibbous, undivided lip. Style free. Pollen angular G. 5'UBESCENS. Ell. Leaves radical, ovate, petiolate, reticulately veined; scape and flowers pubescent. iS'ynon, Satyrium repens. X~ix. Neottia lpubeseens. Willd. M1uhi. Ph. Vul-o-Rattle Snake Plantain A11'1. Middle of July, and after. .Fr. mat. Beginning of October. Hab. Woodlands: frequent, 12 to IS inches high: flowers greenish white. 306. NEOTTIA. .Nutt.. Gen. 709. [Gr. Neottia, a bird's nest; from a fancied resemblance in its fibrous roots.]' Con.. ringent; the 2 lower petals placed under the beardless lip. Style apterous. Pollen farinaceous. N. TORTILIS. Ell. Radical leaves linear; flowers spirally secund; lip trifid, crisped, crenulate . Synon. Ophrys mstivalis. XMx. Vuigo-Ladies traces, or tresses. Fl. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. mai. Beginning of October, Hub. Borders of fields; meadows, &c. frequent. 9 to 15 inches high: flowers white. N. CERNtIA. Ell. Leaves lanceolate; flowers in a dense spike, recurve-nodding; lip oblong, entire, acute Synon. Opbrys dernua. MxT. El1. Latter end of August, and after. Fr. mat. Middle of October. Hab. Moist thickets: Patton's; Barrens, &c. frequent. 6 to 15 inches high: flowers greenish white. 01's. I have specimens which vary somewhat in appearance; but perhaps are not specifically distinci. 307.° POGONJA. Nutt. Gen. 712. [Gr. Potion, a beard; the lip of the flower being crested, or bearded.] .Petals 5, distinct, without glands. Lip sessile, cucullate, internally crested. Pollen farinaceous. f P. VERTICILLATA. Ell. Leaves 5, verticillate, lance-oval; stem 1 flowered; outer petals very long, linea Synon. Arethusa verticillata. Willdl. Muhl. Ph. Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Hlab. Moist woodlands: Patton's, &c- frequent. 9 to 15 inches high: flowers brownish purple. Obs. The whorled leaves of this plant give it much of the habit of Gyromia. The long outer petals spmewhat resemble the beards of a C'at -fish. 309. TRIPHIORA. Nutt. Gen. 713. [Abbreviated from the Gr. Triaznthzophoros; literally, bearing 3 flowers.] Petals 5, distinct, equal, connivent. LNp unguiculate, cucullate. Style spatliulate, apterous; T. PEtNPULA- Ell. Root tuaberous; stem leafy; leaves ovate; flowers 1 to 3, pedunceulate. Synon. Arethusa parviflora. Mx. A. pendula. ild. .liuhl. Ph. 1Fi. Latter end of August, and after. Fr. met. .Ilab. Rich woodlands: Ed. Darlington's: not common. 4 to 6 inches high: flowers pale purple. Obs.- This delicate little plant is remarkable for the oblong, fleshy tubers, connected with its roots, afte- the manner of potatoes. 309. MALAXIS. Nutt. Gen. 719. [Gr. M1alaxis, softness; in reference to the delicate texture of the plant) Petals 5, narrow, spreading. Lip flattened, undivided. Style extended. Pollinia 4, affixed to the stig;Ifa M. LILIIFOLIA. Ell. Leaves 2, oval; scape triquetrous; inner petals filiform, re~1xed; lip obovate. Vulgo-Tway-blade. Rl. Middle of June. Fr. met. Middle of September. flab. Moist woodlands: Patton's, &e. frequent. 4 to 6 inches high: flowers yellowish br9wa- GYNANDRIA. MIONA'NDRIA 9l 310. MICROSTYLIS. Nuftt. Gen. 719. ltiir. iicos small, and Stylos, a style; in reference to the minute column, or style.] Pehrds 5, 1 deflected, 2 inner ones filiform. Lip concave, erect, truncate, bidentate. Style minute. M. 0PJ-II0GLOSSOIDrs. Nutt. Leaf one, ovate, amplexicaul; scape angled, sulcate; flowers small. Synoan. Malaxis unifolia. Mix. i1I. ophiioglossoides. Widid. Ell. &zc. Vulgo-Adder's tongue. Fl. Middle of July. Fr. mat. Hlab. Wet, low grounds: Wollerton's: not common. 6 to 9 inches high: flowers greenish white .311. CORALLORH{IZA. Nutt. Gen. 720. [Gr. Anorallion, coral, and Rhiza., a root; the roots resembling coral, in form.] Petals equal, connivent. Lip mostly produced at base. Style free. Pollinia 4, oblique. C. DON'TORrIZA? Ell. Root branched; scape sheathed, leafless; flowers pedicellate; capsule obovate. S'ynorr. Cymbidiuinodontorhizon? Willd. Ph. Ophrys corallorhiza? Mx. Fl. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. met. Middle of October. flab. Woodlands: Wollertpa'srSer frequent. 9 to 12 inches high: flowers brownish. Obs. I have n'ot examined the recent plarrt--lately, and am unable to determine, from my specimens, whether this is the C. odontorhiza, or C. innrata. C? 1nvE .AeLuS, Ell. Leaf one, radical, lance-oval, many nerved; lip 3 cleft, not produced at base. Sy'non. Cymbidium hyemale. W~illd. .Me/ihl. Ph. Vuigo-Adam and Eve. Winter Green. Fl. Latter end of May. F,". met. Last of September. flab. Rich woodlands: along Brandywine: not common. 9 to 15 inches high: flowers greenishi brown- Obs. I think it may wecll be (doubted whether this plant properly belongs to this genus. Pursh says the root affords a cement for broken china, &c.. which is "exceedingly durable;" but fronm the trials which I have made of it, I cannot confirm his statement. O1R3=11) DIANDIRZA. "1l2/ CYPRIPEDIUM. Nutt. Gen. 722. [Ckr. Kiypris, venus, and Podion, a shoe; the inflated nectary, or lip, resembling a slipper.] .Pcials 4, spreading, under one bifid. Lip ventricose, inflated. Style terminating in a petaloid lobe. C. rosrs=v;s. Ell. Stem leafy; outer petals ovate-oblong, acuminate, iner ones long, linear, contorted. rynan. C. calceolus? Mxi~. Vulgo-Noah's Ark. Yellow Mocasin flower. Fl. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. Middle of August. Hlab. Rich woodlands, and low grounds: frequent. 12 to 18 inches high: petals purplish green, lip yellow. C. HU~MILE. Eli. Leaves radical, in pairs, oblong, obtuse; scape I flowered, with 1 bracteal leaf. Synon. C. acaule. MUx. Vulgo-Purple Mocasin flower. Lady's Slipper. l. Middle of May. Pr. mat. TI ab. Woodlands: Great Valley hills: rare. 9 to 12 inches high: lip deep purple, large. Obs. I have not found this species in this immediate vicinity; but sonme very fine specimens were brought to me, in May last, (182'5) by D). i\Ir onk y, Esqr. who collected them near the Diamond RIock,~ in Tredyiflrin township; about 2miles north of the Paoli 313. ARISTOLOCI-iIA. Nutt. Gen. 7Xg. [A Greek name; given on account of the medicinal virtues of the plant.] CAL. 0. Cont. superior, I petalled, tubular; base ventricose; border dilated, uingulate. CAps. 6 celled. -A. 55mPENTARtIA. Ell. Stem flexuose; leaves cordate-oblong, acuminate; peduncles radical. l~ io-Virginia Snake-root. Little Snake-root. Birth-wort. l. Beginning of June. F?-. mat. Last of July. Hlab. Rich woodlands: frequent. 9 to 15 inches high: flowers purplish brown. Obs. The valuable medicinal properties of the root of this plant are well known. -Mr. Win. Jackson sent me specimens from Londongrove township, in this county, which appear to be the A. sa.gittate, of Muhlenherg, or A. hastata, of .Nuttall, and Elliot;. The leaves are sublanceolatc. ayute, auariculate at base, and pubescent CLASS XIX. MIONOVEClA. ORDflR, 3DIANDM~A. 311. LEM_ NA. Yrutt. r(:. 23. [Supposed from the Gir. Lemna, or Lemma, a husk, shell, or skin; from, the form of its leavca. HALE, Cal. 1 leaved, roundish, entire, opening on one side. Cor. 0. FEMALE, Cal. us in the male. COR. 0. Style I. Utriculus 1 or 2G seeded. L. MahNOR. F11. Fronds elliptic, or subovate, fiat, cohering at base; roots solitary-. tetgo-Duck-mseat. Ft. Beginning of June? Fr. mat. Hlab. Stagnant waters: along Brandlywine: frequent. Very minute; floating on the surface. Obs. I have but rarely detected the flowers on this diminutive plant; and am unable to determine, to ms own satisfaction, whether it properly belongs to this class, or not: tbiougls I observe Msr. Elliott retains i here. OILVER, TRIANDRtIA. 315. CAR. Msrtt. Gen. 133. [Supposed from the LaL. carere, to lack, or want; because the male spikes are destitute of fruit.I Flowers glumaceous, imbricated in an An ent: M1ALE, Cal. a single scale. (jar. 0. FEm. Cal. a scale. Car. 1 glumed, ventricose, irsclosing tlhe triquetrous Seed! Stigmas 2' or § 1. Sjenras ALL AND ROGYNOLTS. a. spike mostly solitary. Male flowers at base. Stigmas 3i. C. SQUARRtOSA. S'chw. Spike simple, oblong-oval; fruit imbricate, horizontal, beaked. aS'ynon. C. typhina. Xx . C. cephalophora? Eaton. Valba-Sedge. Sedge-grass. .P1. Latter end of MVay. Fr. smat. Latter eod of August. Rab. Low, wet woodlands: frequent. 1 to 2 feet high: spikes rarely 2, or 3. Obs. For an excellent account of the North American Carices, see the Monograph of Mr. Scnweinitg, edited by Dr. Torrey, in the 1st Volhttne of tlhe Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History, of New York. b. Spikl~eets several, agreoated into a head- i1ale floseers at summit. t. CEPHALOPIORA. Schw. Spikelets crowded in an elliptic head; fruit ovate, compressed, marginate Ft. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. .Hab. Hilly woodlands: Jos. Osborne's, wc. frequent. About 2 feet high: spikelets S to 6, clustered. c. Spikelets distinct. Stigmas 2. t Mfale flowers at summit. C. DROMOSDES. Schw. Spikelets linear~ oblong, alternate, remote, erect; fruit oblong, beaked. F. Latter end of April. Fr mat. Middle of July. Hlab. Swamps, forming tussocks: frequent. 12 to 1S incises high: spikelets about 4. C TtOSEA. Schw. Spikelets remote, few flowered, a long bracte at the base of the lower one; fruit ovate Ft. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. Middle of July. Hab. Moist woodlands: Bath, &c. frequent. 9 to 18 inches high: spikelets 3 to 6, small. C. MtIHLENSERGIS. Schw. Spikelets ovate, alternate, approximate, bracteate at base; fruit ovate, mnarginate Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. Hab. Dry, stony hills: Barrens, &c. frequent. 1 to 2 feet high: spikelets about 5. 'Obs. In general appearance this resembles C. cephalopbora; aad might be readily confoundled with it b a careless observer. MONOECIA. TRIANDRIA. ( C. sTIPATA. Scht. Spike oblong, compound, aggregate; fruit oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, spreading. Synon. C. vulpinoidea. _U. F!. Latter end of April. Fr. mat. Latter end of June. Hub. Swamps; and moist, low grounds: frequent. 1j to 3 feet high: spikelets 10 to 20. C. MULTIFLORA. Sch/w. Spike oblong, decompound; spikelets conglomerate, ovate-oblong, bracteate. Fl. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. Middle of July. Hub. Swamps; and low grounds: common. 1 to 2 feet high: spikelets numerous, in clusters. t t Female flowers at summit. C. SCOPARIA. Sch/w. Spikelets ovate, sessile, aggregate; fruit ovate-lanceolate, marginate. Synon. C. leporina. 31f. F?. Latter end of May. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. flab. Swamps; and wet meadows: common. 1 to 2 feet high: spikelets 5 to 7, tawney when mature. C. FESTUCACEA. Schvw. Spikelets obovate, sub-approximate; fruit roundish-ovate, rostrate, alate. Fl. Latter end of May. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. flab. Low grounds; woodlands, &c. frequent. About 2 feet high: spikelets 5 to 3, greenish. Obs. This species bears considerable resemblance to the preceding. 5 2. SPIKES, SOME ONLY ANDROGYNOUS. Terminal spike only androgynous. Stigmas 3. C. vesnsc Wis. chw. Spikelets oblong, erect; terminal one male below, pedunculate; fruit ovate, obtuse. Fl. Latter end of May. Fr. mat. Beginning of August. flab. Hilly woodlands: barrens, &c. frequent. 1 to 2 feet high: spikelets 3, rarely 4, greenish. C. NMRSUTA. Sch. Spikelets ovate-oblong; terminal one on a short peduncle; fruit roundish-ovate. Fl. Latter end of May. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. 1lab. Low grounds; woodlands: common. 12 to 18 inches high: spikelets mostly 3. Obs. This approaches the preceding very nearly, and may readily be confounded with it. C. DIGrrALs. Schw. Spikelets linear, slender, distant, pedunculate; fruit oblong, sub-triquetrous. Fl. Latter end of lay. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. flab. Woodlands: Bath; Patton's, &c. frequent. 12 to 18 inches high: spikelets mostly 4, rarely 5. § 3. SPIKES, MALE AND FEMALE DISTINCT. a. Dlale spike mostly solitary. Stigmas 3. t Female spikes sessile; or the peduncles inclosed. C. TARIA. Schwv. Female spikelets ovate, subapproximate, few-flowered, sessile; male oblong, subsessile. Fl. Middle of April. Fr. mat. Middle of June. Hab. Dry, stony banks; woodlands, &c. frequent. 5 to S inches high: female spikelets about 3. Obs. I have specimens much resembling this, with long, creeping roots, which Mr. Schweinitz marked C. stolonifera. Perhaps they are not specifically distinct; as Dr. Muhlenberg says of this," radix repens." I think it quite probable we have also C. marginata, here; but I do not find any, in my collection, which exactly suit the description. C. PlUEscENs. Schsv. Female spikelets oblong, lowest on a short peduncle; culm and leaves pubescent. Pl. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. Middle of July. Hab. Woodlands: forks of Brandywine: frequent. 12 to 18 inches high: female spikelets about 3. C. TENTACULATA. Schw. Female spikes ovate-cylindric, sessile; fruit ovate, ventricose, long-beaked. Synon. C. rostrata. Mx. Fl. Latter end of May. Fr. mat. Beginning of August. Hab. Swamps; and wet places: very common. 12 to 1S inches high: female spikes 2, or 3. Obs. This is perhaps our most common species: the whole plant yellowish green. C. LUPULINA. Schw. Female spikes ovate-oblong, approximate; fruit ovate, ventricose, long-beaked. Fl. Middle of June. Fr. mat. Latter end of August. flab. Wet, low grounds: Jos. Taylor's; Brandywine: frequ:nt. 2 to 3 feet high: female spikes 2 to 5. 0 ,ONOECAA ThIAtI. EC. F0LLTCULATAk. Schic. Female spikes roundish, few-flowered: fruit inflated, acuminate Fl. B~eginning of June. Fr-. mat. Middle of August. Hab. Low, swampy grounds: frequent. 1.1 to 2 feet high: female spikes 2, often hut 1. fit Female spikes on exsert peces, partly shreat hed at base. G. XANTIIOPITYSA. Schzv. Female sprikes ovate, remote, pedunculate; fruit oblong-conoid, beaked i-I. Middle of June. 1'r. mat. Last of August. Rlab. VXet, low grounds: Patton's; Brandywine: frequent. 2 to 3 feet high: femiale spikes to 4. Obs. Mr. Schweinit, r(_marked to me that this was not the C. x;,nthophysa, of Jblrneerg; the latter plant being the C. strmiata, of' Ir. S. This sclies seemns to resemble C. lupulina niruce than C. fulli, ulaa but is readily distinguished by its distant, pedunculatte female slpikes. C. ANcEes. Seine. Feniale spikes cylindric, remote, lax-flowered; leaves broad, striate, glaucous. .Synon. C. plantaginea. 1Mu/el. WilId? MxL. Ph? ll. _Fl. Last of April. F. aa. B~eginning of July. liab. Woodlands: Path, &c. frequent. 9 to 15 inches high: female spikes 2 to . Obs. The broad radical leaves continue green throug h the wvinter; and Dr. Muhlenberg says the yo-es- ger ones afford good food for cattle,-wvhich is nor usually the case with this genus. C. SCAnSRATA. Schw. Female spikes cylindric, lower one on a long peduncle; fruit ovate, scabrous. Fl. Beginning of June. Fr. mnat. Last of August. Hab. W~et places: Ed. Darlington's meadow: not common. I to 2 feet high: female spikes 3 to 5. Obs. The leaves, and indeed the whole plant, remarkably scabrous. Mr. Schweinitz observed that this was "a very rare species" to him. C. CONOIDlEA. Sci. Female spikes slender, loose-flowered; lower peduncle long; fruit oblong-conic. Fl. Latter end of April. Fr. anat. Latter end of June- Hlab. Woodlands: Bath, &c. frequent. 6 to 12 inches high: female spikes mostly 2. C. LAXIFLORA. S'`ch'ta. Female spikes oblong, the lowest remote; fruit ovate-oblong, ventricose, obtuse Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Middle of July. Hlab. Low grounds: Patton's; Brandywine: frequent. 121to18 inches high: female spikes 3 or 4. C. FLEXUXOSA. Schiv. Fem ale spikes filiform, distant, pendulous; fruit alternate, oblong, beaked. Synon. C. debilis.3Me. 7,l. Beginning of June- Fr. mnot. Beginning of August. Hab. Woodlands: Patton's, &c. frequent. 12 to 18 inches high, slender: female spikes about .,. f tt Female spikes on long pedunscles, nearly nakcd. C. 2MIrLIACEA. Schiv. Female spikes filiform, upper peduncle short; fruit ovate, triquetrous. F1. Beginning of May. Fr-. mat. Beginning of July. Hub. Low grounds: PAtton's, &c. frequent. 1 to 2 feet high, slender; female spikes about 3. b. .male spikes several. Stigmas 2- C. CRINITA. Schiv. Female spikes cylindric, long, pendulous; calyx linear, long, margins hispid. Fl. Latter end of May. Fr. mat. Lattei end of July. Itab. Wet places: Bath, &e. common. 2 to 3 feet high: female spikes 2 to 4; male about 3. Obs. The terminal spikes of this species are often androgynous. T..,C. ACU'TA. Feihn. Female spikes cylindric, subnutant, subpedunctfiate, remote; fruit oblong, beak short. Fl. Latter end of April.. Fr. mnat. Beginning of July. lHab. Swamps: frequent. 11 to 2 feet high: fenmale spikes 2, or 3; male 1 to 3. Obs. This anti some of the other species grow in large turfy hunches, in swamps,-forming what our fat- msnes call T:usaocks. In reclaiming those swamps, it has been found that the best mode of disposing of the roots of the Carice s, is to cut them out, and, when dry, put them in heaps, and burn them. The burnt earth and ashes of the roots, are nearly as valuable as an equal hulk of barnyard manure. WeIaai'e doubtless several other species of this numerous and difficult family; but the foregoing are all that I have yet collected, in this vicinity. They are all sanctioned by the high authority of Mr; lSchwtinitz, and Dr. Torrey. NIONOECIA. TRIANDRIA, 9 316. SCLERIA. Nutt. Gen. 731. [Gr. Skler-os, bard; in reference to its hard, polished seeds.] AIALE, Cal. 2 to 6 valved, many flowered. Caor. glumes awnless. FEar1. Cal. 2 to 6 valved, 1 flowered. Cor. 0. Stigmas 1 to 3. Nut colored, subglobose. S.TRICLO-mF.ATA. Ell. Stern acutely triquetrous; leaves lance-linear; nut smooth. Vulgo-Whip-grass. Fl. Beginning of June. Fr. mat. Middle of July. I/ab. B3arren ridge, frequent: rare elsewhere. 2 to 3 feet high. Nut white. Obs. This is not the S. triglomerata, of Pursh. I have a specimen from Georgia, which seems to be iden- tical with ours. S. PAUCrsIOrA. Ell. Stem triquetrous; leaves linear; nut rugose, or papillate. Fl. La~tter end of May. Fr-. mcat. Beginning of July. Hub. Barren ridge, abundant: rare elsewhere. About 1 foot high. Nut white, small. Obs. Dr. Torrey, to whom I sent specimens, avers that this is not the S. pauciflora, of Purshs. 317. 'SPARGANIIM. Nutt. Gen. 731. [Gr. Sparganon, a fillet, or bandage; from its riband-like leaves.] MTALE, Assenzt globose. Cal. 3 to 6 leaved. Cor. 0. FEMy. AmentI globose. Cal. 3 to 6 leaved. Cor. 0. Stigma simple, or bifid. Drupe dry, 1 seeded S. A-MERICAxN2? Nutt. Leover leaves carinate at base, as long as the stem; stigma simple, oblique. *Syron. S. simpl x? WVilld. P'h. Muhl. Velgo-Bur-reed. Fl. Middle of July, and after. Fr-. mat. Middle of September, and after. Ijab. Sluggish rivulets, ditches, &c. frequent. 12 to IS inches high: heads yellowish green. 31S. TYPHA. Nutt. Ceo. 730, [Gr. Tiphos, a bog, or marsh; from its usual place of growth.] Amen~t cylindric, dense. MALE, above. Cal. obsolete, 3 leaved. Cor. 0. 'EM. Cal. 0. Cor-. 0. Seed 1, pedicellate, surrounded with a hairy pappnls, at base T. LATIFOLIA. Eli. Leaves linear, flat; male and female aments approximate. Vulgo-Cat-tail. Reed-mace. Cooper's Reed. Fl. Latter end of June. Fr. mat. Beginning of September. 11ub. Pools, swampy springs, &c. frequent. 4 to 5 feet high: aments brown. Obs. The leaves are used by coopers to secure the joints of casks, &c. from leaking. Poor people sometimes collect the pappus, or hairy involucels Of the mature aments, for the purpose of filling beds; buas Dr. WV. P. C. Barton justly remarks, it is both unhealthy and unpleasant-and much inferior to straw, or even to clean oats chaff. T. ANGUSTWFOLTA. Ph. Leaves linear, canaliculate; male and female aments remote. F. M1iddle of June. Fr. mat. Last of August. 1i.b. Ponds, and wet places: Unionville: rare. 3 to 5 feet high: amnents brown. Obs. This species is very rare in this vicinity. I am indebted for icy Pennsylvania specimens to Dr. .Sea,-who collected it in a pond near Unionville, about 8 iniles from West-Chester. I have seen it fre.- qluently in New Jersey. 319. CO:NPTONIA. Nyhtt, Gen. 7355 [Dedicated to Henry Compton., Bishop of London; who was a collector of Plants.1 MATEr, aspent cylintdric. Cal. a scale. Cor. 2 petalled? Filaments 3. or 4, bifurcate? FEMi. ascent ovate. Cal. a scale. Car. 6 petalled. Styles 2. Nut oval. C. ASPIErIFOLSA. Eli. Leaves lance-linear-oblong, irrag-ularly crenate-pinnatifid. 'ynon. Liquidambar asplenifolia. farshmall. Vulgo-Sweet Fern. Fl. Latter end of April. Fr. mat. Beginning of September.. I/ab. Slaty hills: Barrens, abundant. About 2 feet high; bushy. Ohs. An aronmatic little shrub, emitting a resinous odor when hi uised. ,Tt is reputed astringent, and larch, ably possesses sorte medicinal properties. The: infusion is occasionally used, ins popular practice, in intf;1d dYseqteric cases, and as a diet dria4. ji0i MON'OEC IA. TiETL{AiI)IA. ORDLR, TETANIA. 320. BOEIIMERIA. -Nutt. Gen. 740. [In honor of George Ruulolpih Boehmrer; a German Botanist.] MALE. Cal. 4 parted. CoR. 0. Nectary 0. FEAT. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. Style 1. Seed 1, roundish, compressed, marginate. B. CYLINDRTCA. Ell. Sub-dioicous; leaves opposite; male spikes glomerate, interrupted; female cylindric. Synon. Urtica cylindrica. -r. Valgo-False Nettle. Fl. Beginning of August. Fr. seat. Latter end of Septemrber. Nab Moist, shaded grounds; Brandywine: frequent. About 2 feet high. B. LATERIFLORA? E/1. Leaves alternate, on long petioles; flowers glomerate,lateral. Fl. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. mat. Latter end of September. Hab. Woodlands, along Brandywine: not common. I to 2 feet high. 321. URTICA. Nutt. Gen. 741. [Lat. zero, to burn, or sting, and tactus, the touch; from the effect of the plant, when touched. De Theis.j MALE, Cal. 4 leaved. Cor. 0. Nectary central, mostly cyathiform. FEM. Cal. 2 valved, persistent. Cor. 0. Seed 1, ovate, shining. U. PUMTLA. Ell. Triandrous; stein shining, sub-pellucid; leaves opposite; corymbs short. Vulgo-Rich-weed. Smooth Nettle. Fl. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. ?nat. Middle of September. .Hab. Moist, shaded spots: about houses; rivulets, &c. common. 9 to 18 inches high. U. o101cA. Ell. Dioicous? hispid; leaves opposite, lance-cordate, coarsely serrate: spikes clustered, long. Vulgo-Common Stinging Nettle. 1l. Middle of June, and after. Fr. mat. August, and after. .Uab. About houses; roadsides, &c. frequent. V, to 3 feet high. Obs. A naturalized foreigner; well known to all who have ever handled it. It is so abundant about some houses as to be very troublesome. U. PROCERA? Ell. Dioicour; leaves opposite, lance-ovate, serrate; petioles ciliate; spikes subramose. Fl. Beginning of August. Fr. mat. Latter end of September. ,lab. Low, moist grounds: Patton's: frequent. 2 to 3 feet high: somewhat glabrous. U. DIVARICATA. Ell. Leaves alternate, ovate, sub-glabrous; panicles axillary, divartcately branched. Fl. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. mat. Last of September. Jiab. Moist, shaded grounds: along rivulets, &c. frequent. 2 to 3 feet high. Obs. Nearly allied to the following; but smaller, and not so hispid. U. CANADENsIs. Ell. Hispid; leaves alternate, cordate-ovate; panicles divaricately branched. Fl. Beginning of August, and after. Fr. mat. Last of September. Hab. Miry, shaded grounds: forks of Brandywine, &c. frequent. 3 to 6 feet high. Obs. I have not yet made myself sufficiently familiar with this repulsive genus, to be confident that I have enumerated all our species,-or that I have determined them all correctly: but I incline to think the foregoing may be relied upon. 322. ALNUS. Nult. Gen. 737. [Obscure: See De Theis. "Vocatur ab Amne, quiain flummne alitur." Boer.] MALE, Ament with receptacles cuneiform, truncate, 3 flowered. Cal. a scale. Cor. 4 parted. FEM. Ament sub-ovate. Cal. scales 2 flowered. Cor. 0. Seed compressed, ovate, naked. A. SERRILATA. At. Arb. Leaves obovate, acuminate, doubly serrulate; stipules oval, obtuse. Synon. Betula serrulata., Mx. Fl. Am. hVlgo-Common Alder. Candle Alder. Fl. Latter end of March. Fr. mat. Middle of October. flab. Svarnps; and along rivulets: common, 6 to 10 feet high. Obs. This is one of our earliest flowering shrubs. The male aments are formed during the preceding au- tumn, and a few warm days in March are sufficient to develope them. This is sometimes called Black Al- der; but that name properly belongs to the Prinos verticillatus. MTONOECIA. TETRAN'dDPJA. 101 .323. MiORUS. Nutt. Gens. 7-13. I [Gr. Ainauros, dark; or from the Celtic, Maor, black; the color of the fruit. De l7scis.1 Sometimes IBioicot: MALE, Arnent loose. Cal. 4I parted. Cor. 0. FzaM. Anent dense. Cal. 4 leaved, becoming a berry. Cor. 0. Styles 2. Seed 1. Il - ruwk. .41:r. .Arb. Dioicous; leaves cordate, or lobate, scabrous; female ament cylindric. Vet/o-Red Mulberry. FI. Middle of May. Fr. snot. Latter end of June. I b. Rich woodlands: fence rows, &c. frequent. 15, to 20 or 30 feet high: fruit dark purple, 01s. T-e fruit of this wfell known tree is much admired by some; though it is rarely cultivated for that, Oet. The wood is remarkably durable, and vaduuhble for posts, &c. M. ALA E CIdI. _Manoicous; leaves cordate, oblique at base, ovate, or lobate, glabrous. 6' l;o-White i.[ulberry. El Mi(dle of _Nly. Fr. mat. Latter end of June. 1 slb. Fence-rove: Jos. Townsend's farm: not common. 15 to 20 feet High: fruit white. OtTots for.`:izn tree occurs about somne old settlements, where 4t w,)s formrly introduced, 1with a view to raise Silk-'vortns: but het business has been abandonerl for many years. in this~ vicinity. I have speci- ttItfront near NIeninghain Meeting-house, which fit W villdemow 's desc-riptiun of M. ftetrica precisely; hicha species, h(,%vever, he seems to think is only a variety of the M. alba. 321. XANTE1LUM. Nutt. Co. 704. [Gr. _ "nthca., yellow; a color said to be produced by the unripe fruit of the plant.] !MALE, Cu/. many leav ed, imbricate. Co)r. 5 cleft, funnel-form. Derrpt. chaffy. .Em. nuolurre 2 leaved, I flowered. Cor. 0. Drupe dry, mnuricate, bifdd. Alut 2 celled. X. STRUMaARAITM. £11I. Stem branched, unarmed; leaves cordate, rough; fruit elliptic, bristleshooked. Vtlo-C lot-bur. Clot-weed. Lesser Burdock. Cockle-bur. .l. Latter end of August, and after. Fr. snot. Middle of October. lamb. Farm yards, lanes, roadsides, &c. frequent. i to 3 feet high: flowers greenish. Obs. This is an obnoxious weed-the burs often matting, and injuring the fleeces of sheep, &c. AMr. Nuttall says it is "indigenous to the remotest parts of up per Louisiana:" buit it has very much the appear- nnce of a naturalized stranger here. The X. spinoseso, a still viler weed, has not rcacnoq this region yet. I have not met with it nearer than the District of Columbia. With great deference to the superior judgment of those able botanists who have removed this, and the following; gentue, to Syng eoesia, I cannot help thinking that M1onoecia is the proper class fur them. 325. AMBROSIA. Nubtt Gen. 703. [A poetical name: the food of the Gods; but certail uindllil:'erent food for mortals.] MALE, in spikes. Cal. 1 leaved, many flowered. Car. 1 ptetalled, fane-form, 5 cleft. Reccpt. naked. FEar, clustered. Cal. 1 leaved, entire, belly 5 toothed. Cor 0. Nut froma the indurated calyx, 1 seeded. jA. TRIFIDA. Ell. Hirsute; scabrous; leaves mostly opposite (ldeeply 3t lobedl, serrate; fruit 6 toothed. Fl. Middle of August. so sat. Beginning of October. Habh. Fence-rows; thickets, &c. frequent. 3, to 6 or 3 feet high: ma.le spikes greenish yellow. A. ASSTEMS~IFOLtA? Ell. Stem pilose; leaves bipinnatifld, upper ones pinnatifid; racemes in 3's, terminal. lo,/on. A. absynthifolia? Mx . Vslgo-idatter-weed. Rag-tweed. Wildl Wormwood. Hog-wFeed. Pt. Latter end of August, and after. Fr~. met. Mliddle of October. flub. Pastures; stubble fields, &c. very common. 1, to.3 or 4 feet high. Obs. This abundant, and worthless weed, I take to he the A. artemisifolia of the books; and yet the peti- ales are conspicuously ciliote. If we have the A. elatior, I have not yet distinguished it from this. 326. AMARANTHUS. N'ult. Grim. 746. [Gr. a, not, maraino, to wither, and Anthos, a flower; the flowers remaaining unchanged, in drying.] MALE, Cal. 3 or 5 leaved, persistent, mostly colored. Cer'. 0. Staesns 5, or 3. FEaM. Cal. as in the male. Cax-. 0. Styles about 3. Caps. I celled, ctrcumuscissed. Seed 1. A. ALEC'S. Ph. Glonmerules axillary, triandrous; leaves obovate, remuse, with a smal bristle in the sinus., Vitlg'o-White Amaranth. Cat eless. 102 MIONOECIA. PENTANDPJA. Fl. Middle of August. Fr. mat. Last of September. Hab. Gardens; barn-yards; Indian cornfields, &c: common. 1 to 3 feet high: plant pale green. Ohs. I have never had any doubts of this species; and yet our plant is usually very much branched. The stems break off near the ground in the beginning of winter, and the plants roll about before the winds. A. HYvTDrnUs. Ell. Racemes pentandrous, decompound, clustered, erect; leaves lance ovate. Fl. Latter end of August. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. Hab. Gardens; cultivated lots, &c. common. 2, to 4 or 5 feet high. Obs. A homely, unwelcome weed, in our gardens, &c.-I think it probable we have some other species of this genus, which are not cultivated-though I have not ascertained then. ORDER, HlEXANDRIA. 327. ZIZANIA. Nutt. Gen. 747. [An ancient Greek name, of obscure etymology.j MALT, Cal. 0. Cor. glume 2 valved, awnless; sometimes intermixed with the female flowers. FEam. Cal. 0. Cor. glume 2 valved, cucullate, awned. Style 2 parted. Seed 1, invested by the corolla. Z. AQUATICA. Ell. Panicle pyramidal; male flowers below, spreading; female above, spiked; awns long. Synon. Z. clavulosa. Jlx. Vulgo-Wild Rice. Indian Rice. Water Oats. Reed. Fl. Latter end of August. Fr. mat. Latter end of September. Hab. Rivulet, near Marshall's Mill, on Brandywine: rare. 4 to 6 feet high. Obs. The male flowers, and fruit, caducous: the pedicels of the female flowers enlarged, or clavate. I have only met with this plant in one spot, a few rods west of Marshall's Mill, south side of Brandywine" ORDER, POLYANDRIA. 328. SAGITTARIA. Nutt. Gen. 750. [Lat. Sagitta, an arrow; the leaves resembling the head of an arrow. MALE, Cal. 3leaved. Cor. 3 petalled. Stamens numerous, 20 to 30. FEM. Cal. 3 leaved. Cor. 3 petalled. Capsules many, aggregate, 1 seeded. S. sAGITTIFOLIA. Ell. Leaves ovate, sagittate, lobes lance-ovate; bractes acuminate, glabrous Synon. S. latifolia. Willd. Vulgo-Arrow-head. Fl. Beginning of August, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. Hab. Swamps; and spring heads: frequent. Scape 9 to 1S inches high: flowers white. Obs. This is a large-leaved, glabrous species; and, I think, quite distinct from the following. 1 have found a number of fleshy tubers attached to the roots,-some of them the size of a goose-egg,--which were mild to the taste, and I have no doubt would be esculent, and nutritious, if properly cooked. Hogs are very fond of rooting after those tubers, in the spring of the year. S. PurBEscENs. Ell. Leaves lance-oblong, lobes lanceolate; bractes ovate, obtuse, pubescent P. Middle of July, and after. Fr. mat. Latter end of September. Hub. Swamps; ditches, &c. frequent. Scape 6 to 12 inches high: flowers white. Obs. Mr. Nuttall thinks this is nothing more than a variety of the preceding: if so, it is certainly a strongly marked one. The plant is constantly smaller,-the leaves narrower, with long, narrow, lanceo- late lobes-the bractes roundish-ovate, and, with the scape, quite pubescent; whereas the bractes of the other have a long acumination, and are glabrous. 329. EUPHORBIA. Nutt. Gen. 773. [Dedicated to Euphorbus; an ancient Greed: Physician.] Involucre caliciform, segments often petaloid: MALE florets attached to the involucre. FEM. central, solitary, pedicellate. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. Styles 3, bifid. Caps. 3 grained. .E. HYPERIcIFOLIA. Ell. Glabrous; divaricately branching; leaves oval-oblong, serrate, sub-falcate. Vulgo-Eye-bright. Spurge. Fl. Latter end of July, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. IHqb. Fields; roadsides, &c. common. 9 to 1S inches high: flowers white, small. Obs. It seems difficult to determine to which Class and Order, of the Sexual System, this genus wpt appropriately belongs. I lave, however, concluded to arrange it here, for the present. 'V'IOL OECIA. POLYAN DRIA.. 103 Ie. PREi~stsA. 11. Stein prostrate, branching, hairy; leaves oval, serrulate, base unequal. Synon. E. thymifolia? Ph. E. maculata. 17. Phil. Vulgo-Spotted Spurge. Fl. Middle of July till September. Pr. mat. Beginning of October. Hab. Indian Corn-fields; pastures, &c. frequent. 6 to 12 inches long: flowers white, minute. E. COROLLATA. Ell. Erect; leaves alternate, oblong, obtuse; umbel 5 cleft, 3 cleft, and dichotomous. Jl. Beginning of August. Fr. mat. Middle of October. iNab. Fence-rows, &c. frequent. 1 to 3 feet high: flowers white, conspicuous. Obs. In addition to the foregoing, I have some specimens which I collected in the beginning of July, 1819, along a shaded rivulet, on the barrens, N. W. of S. Stringfellow's; and which, in the opinion of Dr. Torrey, come nearer to the E. sylvartisa, of Europo, than to any other. It is possible they may have strayed from a garden,--although found in a very retired spot. I have only met with the plant in that place. It is from 2 to3 feet high, nearly glabrous, leaves scattered, oblong, or oblanceolate, entire, about 1 inch wide, and 4 inches in length-the involueels diphyllous, subcordate, large. X30. ARIUM. Nutt. Gen. 762. [An ancientname; of obscure etymology.] Spathe cucullate. Spadix naked at summit. MALE, above. Stain. naked, crowded. Frai. below, on the same spadix. Cal. 0. Cor. 0. Berry 1 or many seeded. A. DRACONTIUJM. El. Stemless; leaves pedate; spadix subulate, longer than the spathe. Vulgo-Green Dragon. Dragon-root. 1'!. Latter end of May. Fr. mat. Middle of September. Hub. Rich, moist woodlands: Brandywine: frequent. 12 to 18 inches high. A. TRIPHYLLUM. Ell- Often dioicous; sub-caulescent; leaves ternate; spadix clavate Vulgo-Indian Turnip. Wake-robin. Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Last of August. Hab. Rich, shaded grounds: fence-rows, &c. common. 1 to 2 feet high. Obs. The tuberous root, which is considerably acrid, is a popular remedy in coughs., and pulmonary complaints. It is prepared by boiling it in milk. A species of Sago has been obtained from it, as we learn from Barton's Journal, Vol. 2. part 1. p. 84. 331. QUERCUS. Nutt. Gen. 751. [E mology obscure: De Theis says, from the Celtic, Quer, handsome, and Cuez, tree.] MALE, Ament naked, linear. Cal. slightly 5 cleft. Cor. 0. Stamens 4 to 10. FEM. Cal. 1 leaved, entire, scabrous. Cor. 0. Nut. coriaceous, seated in the calyx. a. Leaves lobed. t Lobes setaceously mucronate. TINCTORTA. A r. Arb. Leaves obovate, pubescent beneath; cup scutellate; nut depressed-globose. Syuon. Q. nigra. Marsh. Vulgo-Black Oak. Dyer's Oak. Quercitron. P1. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Middle of October. Hab. .Rich, upland woods: very common. 60 to 90 feet high. Obs. Though the wood of this is not so durable as some other species, it is a very valuable tree. Besides rails, fuel, &c. it is much used for making shingles. The bark is used in tannin;; and forms an article of extensive commerce, for the purpose of dying yellow, under the name of Quercitron. It is sometimes em- ployed for medical purposes, as an astringent, and tonic. Q. RUBRA. .MAc. Arb. Leaves obtusely sinuate, lobes often trifid; cup scutellate; nut subovate. SYnon. Q. rubra montana. Marsh. Vulgo-Upland Red Oak. Spanish Oak. .'l. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Middle of October. Hab. Hilly woodlands: frequent. 50 to 70 feet high. Obs. The bark of this species is much esteemed for tanning. The wood is not very valuable,-being fre. quently unsound at heart. It is distinct from the true Spanish Oak; but is generally known here by that name. Q. PALTsTRts. Mr. A,,b. Leaves deeply sinuate, glabrous; cup scutellate; nut subglobose. Synion. Q. rubra ramosissima. Marsh. Vulgo-Pin Oak. Water Oak: Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Middle of October., Ilab. Wet, low grounds: along rivulets: frequent. 40 to 60 feet high. (lbs, The wood of this is very firm; and is much used by mechanics. 104 MOiNGCIAT. I'GL AN DRt[A Q. DANISTER1. AirW. Arb. Leaves obovate-cuneiform, 3 or 5 lobed;I clip sib- turbinat e; not siib-globose. -Synon. Q. ilicifolia. Ell. Eaton, Cc. Vilgo-Plac-k Scrub Oak. 1 rar Oak. Barren Oak Fl. Beginning of May. Fs-. mat. Latter end of September. Hab. Dry, sterile hills: Barrens: frequent. 4 to(-6 feet higb, much branched. Obs. A worthless little species; which I take to be the Q. ni;;ra pumila, of Marshall. T Lobes not niacronate. Q. Or-TUSILOA. Air. Arb. Leaves cuneate at base, lobes obtuse, dilated; cup hemispheric; nut oval. Synonn Q. aiba munor. Xu~rsh. Q. stellata. .Eaton. Vilgo-liarren White Oak. Post Oak. Fl. Middle of .may. Fr. nal. Aljddle of October. flab. Steirile I ills: Barren ridge: frequent. 20 to 't0 feet high. Obs. The V.roo1 Of this iS very durable . and is much valued for posts, &-c. It is also esteemed for fuel Ql. ALEA..illr AA Leaves pinnatifid-sinuate, lobes oblong, obtuse; cup craterate; nut ovate. Vulgo- ,N ite Oak. _F1. Middle of Maiy. Jr. maot. Midldle of October. fHab. X oodlands: every where conumon. 60 to 100 feet high. Obs. Tis is one of our finest, andI most valuable forest trees; and often grows to an immense size. The timber is firm and durable-serving for nauv i por'..rnt wp ues lin tihe m ichanic arts. The keels of some of our largest national ships were procured fronm trees of this sprcie, ins this vicinity. Thae barb is astringent, and tonic; aind is frequently employed in the treatment of diseases. The acorns afford a nutri- tious food for hogs. b. Leaves coarsely dentate-sot lobed. GR. 1nICOLOOt. Ph. Leaves ohlong-obovate, white-tomentose beneath; cup hemispheric; nut oblong-ovate. Sy. on. Q" prinus discolor. .Me. Arb. Vulgo-Swarmp White Oak. Fl. diddle of May. Psr. mata. Middle of October. Hlab. Low% grounds: along creeks: frequent. 40 to 60 feet high. Otis. There are, apparently, some varieties of tis tree. It is not held in such high estimation as some of the other species. Q MONTANA. Ph.. Leaves broad-ohovate, downy beneath; cup turbinate; nut oblong. Synon. Q. prinus monticola. 11e. .Arb. Velo-Chesnut Oak. Rock Chesnut Oak. Fl. Middle of May. Fr-. mat. Middle of October. Hlab. Hilly, rocky woodlands: frequent. 50 to 70 feet high. Obs. Thse timber and barkc of this species are mucs esteemed. Ql. CHINqLTAPIN. Ph. Leaves obovate, and oblong, glabrous; cup hemispheric; nut ovate. Synen. Q. prinus chincapin. Nx. Arb. Q. prinoides. PWilld. Eaton. Vilgo-Dwarf Chesnut Oak. Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Middle of October. Hlab. Dey, sterile hills: Barrens: frequent. 2 to 6 feet high. Obs. I am sensible that my catalogue of our Oaks cannot be complete; .but the foregoing are all that I have ascertained with any degree of satisfaction. BU' The Q. PHSELLOS I have not found nearer to this place than the alluvial lands, in the neighborhoeod of the river Delaware. Indeed, I have never observed it, growing native, in any other kind of soil. 332. JUGLANS. Natt. Gens. 760. [Lat. formed from jovis Glens, the nut of Jove; on account of its excellence.] MALE, Ansent imbricate. Cal. a scale. Cor. 5 or 6 parted. Stamens 18 to 36. FEM. Cal. superior, 4 cleft. Cor. 4 parted. Styles 1 or 2. Druipe ceriaceous, or spongy. Nat rugose- J. NIRvsA. JIX. Arb. Leaflets lance-ovate, serrate, narrowed above; fl-tilt globose, so ospunctate- Valgo-Black Walnut. Fl. Mididle of May. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. flab. Rich woodlands; fence-rows, &c. common. 30 to 60 feet high. Obs. The waood of this tree is valuable, and much used by cabinet makers, &c. The fr.uit is esteemed; and the spongy per-icarsp is often employed as' a domestic dye stuff. The tree exerts an unfriendly influence upon many other plants, growing in its immediate vicinity. J. CIN'ERSEA. Eli. Leaflets lanceolate, serrulate, pubescent; petioles villous; fruit oblong-ovate- Synson. J. cathartica. 3ix. .6-b. Vuliio-White Walnut. Butter-nut. MONOECIA. POLYANDRIA. 1'. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. Last of September. 1lab. Rich, bottom lands: Brandywine: frequent. 15 to 30 feet high. Obs. This is generally a small, branching tree, and the wood is not highly valued. The extract of the bark, used in the form of pills, is a convenient and deservedly popular cathartic. The young fruit, which is viscid and villous, is prepared, by our housewives, as a condiment, or pickle, which is much esteemed. It is in the proper state for this purpose, about the last of June, or beginning of July. The kernel of the ripe fruit is rarely eaten,-being very oily and rancid. 333. CARYA. Nutt. Gen. 761. [Gr. Aarya, the ancient name of the Juglans regia, or Walnut tree. Nutt.] MALE, Ament imbricate, compound. Cul. a scale, 3 parted. Cor. 0. Stamens 4 to 8. FEM. Cal. superior, 4 cleft. Cor. 0. Style 0. Stigma 4 lobed. Pericarp 4 valved. Nut 4 angled, smooth. C. suLCATA. Ell. Leaflets about 9, oblanceolate; fruit 4 angled; nut long-mucronate. Synon. Juglans laciniosa. Mx. arb. J. mucronata. .Afx. Fl. Am. Vulgo-Thick Shell-bark Hickory. Fl. Middle of May. Fr, mat. Middle of October. Hab. Rich woodlands: frequent. 60 to 80 feet high. Obs. The wood of most of the species of Hickory is highly valuable for fuel,-though not very durable when exposed to the weather, and much subject to be worm-eaten. The whole genus is believed to be pe- culiar to this continent. C. squAmosA. Eat. Leaflets about 5, long-petiolate, lance-oblong; fruit depressed-globose; nut compressed Synon. C. alba. Ell. Juglanssquamosa. 111x. arb. Vulgo-Shell-bark Hickory. Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Middle of October. Hab. Rich bottom land; creek banks, &c. frequent. 60 to 80 feet high. Obs. This tree is well known, on account of its nuts, which are so highly esteemed for the table. They- are much superior to those of any other species, in this region. C. TOMENTOsA. Ell. Leaflets about 9, oblanceolate; aments tomentose; nut thick-shelled, hard. Synon. Juglans tomentosa. Afx. Arb. J. alba. Willd. Muhl. Vulgo-White-heart Hickory Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Middle of October. Hab. Woodlands: common. 60 to 80 feet high. Obs. The white hickory is considered as affording the best fuel; as well as being the toughest, an'd most suitable for axe-handles, &c. C. AMARA. Ell. Leaflets about 9, lance-oblong, glabrous; fruit subglobose; nut mucronate. Synon. Juglans amara. .Mx. Arb. Vulgo-Bitter Nut. Swamp Hickory. Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Middle of October. Hab. Woodlands; and low grounds: frequent. 40 to 60 feet high. Obs. The nuts of this species are bitter and astringent. C. PORCINA. Ell. Leaflets about 7, lanceolate, glabrous; fruit pyriform, or globose. Synon. Juglans porcina. Iir. Arb. Vulgo-Broom Hickory. Pig-nut Hickory.. Fl. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. Middle of October. Hab. Woodlands: frequent. 40 to 60 feet high. Obs. The young saplings of this species were much used, formerly, for making splint-brooms,--the wood being very tough. 334. FAGUS. Nutt. Gen. 753. [Lat.-originally from the Gr. phago, to eat; the fruit being esculent.1 MALE, Ament roundish. Cal. 5 cleft, campanulate. Cor. 0. Stamens about 12. FEM. Cal. 4 toothed, setose. Cor. 0. Nuts 2, triquetrous, included in the muricate, 4 cleft calyx. F. SYLVATICA. Ell. Leaves lance-oval, acuminate, slightly dentate, glabrous, margin ciliate. Synon. F. sylvestris, Mx. Arb. F. sylvatica atroepunicea. Alarsh. Vulgo-Beech tree, White Beech. Fl. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. Last of September, Hab. Moist, low grounds: woodlands: common. 30 to 50 feet high, Obs. As far as I have observed, I think Mr. Nuttall is correct in the suggestion that this species is dioicous. The leaves in Michaux's plate do not exactly correspond with our plant. With us, the leaves, though tapering, are not acute, at base,-but are somewhat oblique, and slightly cordate; and on petioles scarcely one fourth of an inch long. In other respects they accord with the plate. The wood is very close-grained; and much used for making plane-stocks, shoemaker's lasts, &c. The nuts afford food fo wsine. 106 'MONOE>ri 'X sia, Africa. Obs. This is sometimes cultivated for its large fruit, which- .1z rp at table rith various dressden Thse plant is rather delicate for our climate, and is not much atu sci o 17. CAPSICUM. Gehu. P1.2S.t (Gr. 1 epto, to bite,-or Lat. Cripsa, a box; from the pr operties, or !F' urlure, ,f ?'Pc fnuit.l CAL. 5 cleft. CaR. rotate, 5 cleft. Ansthers connivent. 1 crrye without pulp, in rated. C. ~A-.'r tru. i Vilid. Stem Irerbaceours; peduncles solitai y. Vtgo-Red Pepper. Cayonne Pepper. 1,1. Latter end of July. andi after. F% maot. Latter end of ept ,tier'I Grrb. Gardens. Annual. 12 to lS inches high: flowers white, fruit red. Nitt. Swa!i America. Ohs.m Ti-rere are several varieties of this plant cultivated here. The matuire fruit is a p owerful rtinulu - 1tserd as a con~liuent with fond!, and as a rubefacient, &ce. in medicine. Tira green fruit of the thicl;-riil v aroties m~akes an excellent pickle. b. Corolla iarntapetatous. 18. VITIS. Gen. Pi. :396. [Obscture: Boer/i. says, " a vrieo, flecto, quia vitis capreoli apprehendunt piantas vicinai. "] CAL, 5 toothed, minute. Cop, petals cohering at apex, coming off below. BExRRY globose, 5 seeded. V. VsseeFIA. 470ld. Leaves sinuate-lobed, naked, or tomentose. Speci s, pr on ueed by long curlture, &c. In 'additionr to thes', wve cuAtivate sotme nralive var-ieties, or hybrids, of this dielicious friuit, which art higrrv esteemer: Stc a ti - ef Grope, Schuylkill Grape, &c. The publmc attention has latterly ben irnlcl tur ned to tis subaect; 'and we may hope, ere long, to see some flourishing Vineyards in tis vicinitY- I amn inclined to think the sorth sides of our slaty hills, north of West-Chester, if properly prepared, would be well adlapted to tis culture; and my opinion is fortified by the fact of the luxuriant growh of our nativ e vines, to that sodl ORDER, DIGYNIA. A. FLOWERS SUJPERIOR: UMBELLATE- a. Involutcrate, and Tnvolarcellatc. DAITCUS OAROTA. Sin. Fl. Bit. Vtlgo-Carrot. Garden Carrot. r For n notice of this plant, which is believed to be only a variety of our Wild Carrot,-See pap 3., of tis. cat .log;e- It is very little cultivated in this vicinity;-perhaps nor so much as it dleserves ao be,-as the root is known to afford a valuable food for Stock. It is not generally esteemed at table, with as 19. LIGUSTICUM. Gen. Pl. 478. [go namedl, from Liguria; the native Country of the plant.] Involircre and Irnvolucels many leaved. Con. petals involute, entire. Fruit oblong, ribs 5, acute. L. LE~VISTICUM. KWU1d. Leaves mnanyfold; leaflets cuneate at base, incised above. Vvego-Lovage. sm ht F. Middle of June. Fr. mat. Middle of August. Hae. Gardens. Perennial. 4 to 6 feet high: flowers yellowish. Nat. Appenines of Liguria. Obs. This strong-scented plant is ro be found occasionally in the gardens-being esteemed smwa medicinal ins relieving flatulencies, &c. but it is very little attended to.' 20. CORIANDRtUM. Gen. Pl. 4Q3. rGr. Koris, a bug; the bruised leaves having, the odor of a bed-bug.] Involtcse 1 leaved. Inaeolucels halved. COR. petals inflex-emarginate. Fruit sub-globose. C. SATIVUM.r Sin. Fl. Brit. Glabrous; leaves compound; seeds hemispherical. Vulgo-Coriander. A PP'~NDiX. A 191 Il. L'ter end of June. Fr. vial. East of Augut. Kr!~~~ us uul to 2 fcet higib: flowers white. Noat. Italy. Oiu. Ccivastedl foi the aromlatic seeds; which are used in domestic econom'c b. Involucre and Involucels, mostly 0. 21. PASTINACA. Gen. Pl. 494. '[Supposed from the Lwat. Pasco, to feed; in reference to its nourishing qualities.] Fruit oval, apex emarginate, dorsally and flatly compressed, marginate. I?. astof une an aftr. r. at.Las ofAugust, and after. I Iab.Garens an los. ienial 4 o 5feet high: flowers yellow. NVat. Southern Europe. h Os. ultvatd fr ts i; ly utrtiosand agreeable root. This plant has 'strayed from the gardens, in man plcer, ad amos beomenaturalized. Seeds planted the beginning of April. 'Gr.anoAcin torunup; alluding to its quick, or straight growth.] I Fruit ovate, subcompressed, 5ribbed, or striate. Petals involute, entire. A. rxfrerexrr.unr. Smn. Fl. Bolit. Fruit gibbous; leaves tripinnate, leaflets setaceous, long. Vlo-fennel. Garden Fennel. Rl. Middle of July Pr. mat. Middle of September. Ilh. Gardens. Perennial. 4 to5 feet hg:flowers yellow. N'at. Europe. (Jbs. The whole plant is hig;hly lum tree, than the precedinp. is cithar of tem have baaeen latch at= teand"d to U:t !;iatelli}_Ch atd ii ase wi ich have h 'ra In ymea raa, hae rem bormi eV its' a& is a !tro. d vtaa t a t ' by the puncture of a Cawdaaeai,-aa evil, the preveitaicn ef in"C" tsa2 l1 AMlYC"DYTa 3, Gen. PR. S>3/. the a ' c namte of the Aletoata); which belonlgs in this genes.] W r:a~d-tatl, tomsentose. Nt ovate, acute, reticulately rebcate, anad poreus. a'"'w '"raur' a of tthe leaves all acute; flower's sesil % ailary; drupe carnose. . . le;;annie, ol a _'ll Pa. at. Mviddle of Augutet, and after. 11'66 I 'p Itaw 101-lar"ti &c. 8 to 12 feet high: flowar rad Ii a pu 'la, or pale ind. Ant Pensia (ft Tis most derlicious of all Out frut as 'pa' tty ea's' vC W te aat heeug fel at ar ' Cui^i1i'nt pales to prec~iit andtc sea ICat the b at sea a( a Taa tme, laeerttaMtalv, azc shoet lia ed,-,.: incy in !'1):t ''aqat,,aaof theravagesawa onn at I ai ,, atsin V.hasa tatl &6 , lttta aaesary' '' Et a tolate i"a s'tdta Thre 6, }. ' LIS nt ''r ton ''seaw ''atv e hit 'a frtaeI Ut a~drt ) u tin:='aPa'tiC;a 0f the roots, al a 'a eanovat of tic aaa''EtC[. a tee '.ra 't e'er of tie ht}AS 'i f a : d' ,'a 6t vy da51' a . it ts praope' however, to a'i a tin tlt alltttt" 'inenus e' t U t '"'at r I aboit thI'r t'a'' o by Dalril owse'ndsa of aja. 5 at atta .,,h a `t O n o iaii i nus tatocet'''s 0-t' al a' d l'tt ai to aisa er 'a V hll bka jiarpose. Tiallm 't t t 1,t lv" '' ta'' talcly tate to Risa' '' thn, pe'Ot on a lip ac' n ire ou' a Mea rossof ta'' 'att- ba ''1 a .sa. l 'i totttersa\'i`SO estt talilttT th atti teas ate SO ciS,'a''i' 'tat al'P pn(1 iars no aaat I'_v si as on a pri tock it a a l1"t t 'P:i'a Townsend, that as a"e Apa ,ai alpa .a ' V~) i'11H 11fIa'- "5 5 rcat to tl )ach a iaat 'a aal proablsy at as I a msre COn'eaa al stc.Accarting '~ly, he imwul fi Via tui sttcks~ wath apraiicot budla (wshich Mae a eryr"eab'il,) and as scemi as the later had grw tatt iaeialdy-say the' siceaerif tt" yeaa ,--he insetrtedl peaicI buads on the aparicot branches; thus mtaking a sat 'tai lhr ataray, or tail le taee Te result has, so far, l, asl equa I o has ot sanguiane expectationts '1he' paclsha banches ate floutrisinga"'aa i otasly ad theare is Ca a y pa ospaect of the eypaernanent Succeedin ,,coi- pletely. A very few yeas will teat at futlly; and if at ashoaa' 'a 'w'er present expectatIon, it wtill prove tao be 'a vray iaepo stat chs'covery. It awouid, perapgs, anass'er the sanme l'ari'rse, to ruise Aprico ' ocka at uoice, tan vv'slath to ansieat the ptsarcho Ius: laut as patums stocks 'ale esy asia a; abundant, at was foundo ilore covitSeaent, aid expeitous, to reseort to thei fregn'" m~ethtod. j>Ihe NaE47a SRINI'.-a delacate vea aety of the Peaa'h, asthl smsoother fauit,-is cery little knsowan, a I yet, in thiastviaiity; though at las lattely beean inotdtuced. SCvaiyx super'ioa', 5 cleft Corolila 5 petalleda. 41. CI? AT)EGUS. Geti. VI. 854. j [G. IKr'atos, strength; from tile streingth, or firmness of the wood. De Theais'.] Styles 1 to 5. BER or Poarac, sphericlc, farinaceous. .Seeds 1Ito 5, bony. C'. POPULIFOLC A. Ph. Spinose; leaves cordate-ovate, actain'anate, inciae-atagledl, anal lobate; styles 5. Sftloi. C. cordata. IWilld. Mah/l. Ell. Val/po--'Washintgtona `thora. Virginia Thorn Fl. M'iddle of June. '% mat. Beginning of October. 1/rub. Hedges. 15 to 20 feet high: flowers white; berries red, smiall. Nat. Virginaia, &c. Olbs. This thorn wvas introduced into this vicinity abiout 25 years ago, for the purpose of liedging; and is noaw pretty extensively claltivatedi for tthat objct. 1 tiat plt nt is readily ptropagated isy the seeds,-- whish it produc es in abundance:-andr grows rapaidly. WVhetn proper care is taike, ('anda at is woarse titan useless to undetrtakea it eeit/aout proper care,) a good hedtie cean bae (bahtineid itn about ten yeairs fromt tlhe tinac of plait- itg the seeds. It has been objectedl to this thorn, tat as it is of suen rapid grswth, at will probably be Short haved. This objection will have some weight, if at shall prove to be a eli foundited: hut, as Dr. Firaatkit rearaked, A relationi to the longev'ity of the a" go-Amaeracans,--w'se csanot yet dutecrinine that question.; for thaose wahich were first planted are still lating anid flourishing in full vigor guaae very respectable fat liers condemn hedges altogether, and recotautand fentces itt pre'ferenace: bitt at as tin vaian to reconmmendl fiut ceS to those who have no timber-anad the w'a o will tispect a perfect 1 i --s-uch as taay be seen ian thlt aat'tlsbhood of Mr. Caleb K~irk's factoty onu~ the Irdaathy wie,-will areqire neat ga itrat to coanvinc ahit oal its eligibility, tand value. N Lit NI. -2 XB Ts.f Geo. P1. p.:;ai. [The Latin iname for the Pear.] '1?,les disiinrt at hase. nilrcas. Pomr tuirbinate, unihilicate at apex only, prodctecoen tthe peote.f, R. Com~iJNI. iT Wid. Leaves lance-ovate, serrate, smooth above; peduncles coryinbose. I uligo-Pear- Pear trec. 17. Beginning of May. Fr. mat. August, and after. ,flay. Gardens &c" 15 to 25 feet high: flowers white. Nat. Europe. 055. Many earth'es of tbliP favorite fruit are cultivated here. The branches of the trees, in many ill, stances, are very su'bject to blight, from some cause not yet ascertained. P.cvo: i k. l1 ild Leaves ovate, entire; flowers solitary; fruit tomnentose, sub-turbinate. (Vat~ --Qunree tree. 1. libtginning of M1'ay. Fr. mait. Last of Semtember. Hlab. Gardens, &c Hto 12 feet high. flow-ers reddish white. _Not Shtores of thc D)anube, &c. obts. Generally introduiced. Tole fruit is chiefly us-cl by tntable house-wives in making premirves, and doice.,tir wvine. It is apt to be much inj ured_, by inser ts, tiring its peo uresa, to maturity Ji;'sicu 'n his Gener, has sepcarated the Quince, as aveil as the elpple, from the fear,-and it is cei-tainly piretty distinct; but not, perhaps, sufficiently so, in a botanical point ot vicw, 43. M ALUS. Juss. Gen. P1. 334. [The Latin name for the Apple tree.] Ski'es connate athbase, hirsute. PomE spheroid, glabrous, urnbilicate at each end? M. ceam-uves. Leaves ovate-oblong, acuminate, serrate; flowers in sessile utmbeis. ,Eynotn. Pyrus mains. WIId. &c- Vvdgo-Conmmon Apple. Apple tree. Fli. ileginning of May. Fr. mat. August till November. HaIb. Orchards, &c. 15 to 30 feet high: flowers reddish white. A'at. Europe. obsa Almost nurmberlessvctrielies of this highly valuable fruit arc cultivated here-theo gt ton many,: worthless ones are often permitted to occupy the around, en the exclusion of better,-fo, want of~ a ittle Paste,nor attention, on the ptatt of the proprietors. 'Per an ex~cellent accrnt of the moat ape1rneet. Vasiietiet of this, anti other fruit, and th~e nrdes oif culture, sa th-e Treatise ott Frunit Triees, by ,c t ii. ose, Lsr. g :ome of our more intelligeitt farmersa have acquired the art. of preparing cider, from te fruit, in gres. p~erfection . 4-1. RUFUJS. Gen. Pl. 86-1.I [Lat. Rau'es,-or Celtie, rub, red; from the color of the fruit, or branches of ilha plant.] CAL. inferior, 5, cleft. Coo.. petals 5. Bjaectev compound; acinesmostly juicy, 1 seeded. 1,4.rusO~. UWild. Stem prickly; leaves quinate-pinnate, and ternate; petholes channelled. Fitlgo-Garden Raspberry. Antwerp Raspberry, &c. r. Latter end of May. Fr'. mat. Latter end of July. iFx'ab. Gardens. 3 to 6 feet high: flowers white; fruit red, or yellowish. N~at. Europe. 4'Ais. Some var'ieties of this pleasant fruit are cultivated here; but not extensively. 45. FR AGARIA. Gen. Pt. 965. [Lat. frgreins, smelling sweetly: in reference to its fragrant fruit.] CAL. inferior, 10 cleft. Coin. petals 5. Receptacle of the seeds ovate, berried, deciduous. Vi. vinSCA. Wide!l. Calyx of the fruit "reflexed; hairs on the petioles spreading, on the peduncles appressed. Vulgo-Strawberry. English Strawberry. Garden Strawberry. Fl. bhatter end of April. Pr. mat. Beginning of June. Flab. Gardens. Perennial. 1 to 2 feet long: flowers white; fruit red, or yellowish white.. Nat. Europe. ties, or per)b'ss stpecies, are said to be Dioicotes,-and our gardeners profess to be famihliar with the charac- jers of the Male anl t-,masle plants. There rmay be species which are truly dioicous, but all which have been showvn to tie as suct, hati every appearaiice of being abortive, or imperfect, from some accident of $oil, climate, or other cause. Thes lunt-boy, and Chili Strawberries, are considered, by late writers, as3 distinct species from the fore- goin"r-under t ile names of F+. elatior, and F. chiloeneis, respective]' ;-for a 5ood account of whicb; see 4Pets's L'gcliutedia, Art, Facr 31tieA" APPENI)H~i. C LASS XIII. DIDYNAMIA. a. OCalyx nearly equally 5 cleft. 46. LAVANDULA. Gen. P1, 9035. (Lat. leuienew; fromn larare, to gash; being anciently used in the baths, as a perfume.] CAIr,. ovate, sub-dentate, supported by a bracte Cor. resupinate. Stern. within tihe tube. .. SI'rC. Willd. Leaves sessile, lance-linear, mnargin revolute; spike naked, interrupted. Vttgo-Lavende~r. Spilke. Fl. Latter end of July. Fr. mrat: Middle of September. .flub. Gardens. Perennial. I to 2 feet h~igh: flowers purplish blue. Nat. Southern Europe. Vbs. This pleasant anrd warmly arornatic herb is much used in tincture, as a cordial, under the rcame 00 I ar -!e r~oumjeind. The pungernt fragrance of (Jolor ;mr water is derived fromr this plant: and the genuntv Oil orf Spike is obtained front the broazd-leaved variety. 47. HiYSSOPUS. Gen. Pl. 963. [An ancient name, adopted for this genus: " 'a voce hebraica E.ob." Eoerh.] Colt. lower lip.. parted; middle segment obeorctate, subcrenate. Stamns straighIt, distant. H OFFIrCINALS~. Ti'ilid Leaves lanceolate; flow;ers verticillate, racemose, second. Vulgo-ilyssop. Garden Ilyssop. l. Latter endi of July. Fr. mat- Middle of September. flab. Gardens. Perennial. 1.', to '0 feethighr: fiuwers blue. itht. Austria, Skc. Obs. Chiefly used in reaking a pleasant leo, in fevers, &~c. and occasionally to be met within the gardens of those who are fond of simrplecs, in nmedicine. 4S. SATThREJA. Gee.. P1. 961, [Gr. Satyres, a satyr; in allusion to its supposed qualities-"quia satyriasinum inducit." Roerh.] CAL. tubular, striate. Core. segments nearly equal. Stamens distant. S. IIORTflNIs. TI' mild. Stem brachilate; leaves lanceolate, entire; peduncles axillary, sobeymose. V ulgo-Summer Savory Fl. Beginning of August. Fr. mat. Latter end of September. Ihab. Gardens. Annual. 9 to 15 incites high: flowers pale blue. Nrat. Greece, &e, Obs. Cultivated for dulinary purposes, as a condiment. b. Lfleyx hilariae 49. ME LISSA. Gen. P. 93. L(;r. Mt~elissa, a bee; from that insect, as is alleged, frequenting the flowers.] CAL. dry, flattish above, upper lip subfastigiate. Colt. upper lip somewhat vaulted, 2 cleft, 1v. OFFIOINALS. TVillcd. Leaves ovate, acute, serrate; v erticils haalved; bractes oblong, pedicellat. Vulgo-Bialm. Common Bairn. Ft. Latter end of July. F". smat. Beginning of September. Hab. Gardens. Perennilal. i to 2 feet high: flowers white. Nat. Geneva, Italy, &c. Obs. The infusion is a pleasant and popular beversege, in fevers, &c. for whicha object it is mouch cultiva- ted. In some instances it has strayed into the woodlands, and become almost naturalized. 50. OCIMUM. Gen. Pt. 936. [Gr. Okcys, quick, or swift; in allusion to its qtuick vegetation, or rapid growth.] tx AL. upper lip orbicular, lower 4 cleft. Corr. resupinate. Fitam, outer ones with a process at baser 6. ISAStLICUM. Wilid. Leaves ovate, glabrous; calyx ciliate. Virlgo-Basil. Sweet Basil. P1. Latter end of July. Fr. maet. Last of September. Itab. Gardens. Annual. 6 to 12 inches high: flowers bluish. Nut. Inadia and Persia. Obs. Cultivated for culinary purposes, as a condinmcnt. 51. ORIGANUM. Gen. Pt. 931. [Gr. Or-os, a mountain, and Ganos, joy; alluding to its fragrance, and place of growth.] `'Wer. in a dense, 4 angled spike. C'oR. uppep erect, flat.; lower 3 parted, segments nearl, erauski APPLN OiX_. 0. SIA5TORSANA. Jfilld. Leaves petiolate, oval, obtuse; spikes rcundish, ternate, pecuncuate,. V,'ico-Sweet Marjoram. JY. Last of July, and after. F,". mtul. Latter endl of September. Ilob. Gardens Annual. 6 to 12 inches high: flowers white. 1au!. Portugal, Palestine, "',o Obs. Cultivated for culinary purposes, as a condiment. flr For Trev'lmcs SnnwRPYLLTTar, Or T,1yme. se'" page G"Pof this catalogu. A larg ccu P/ 1 edit~'iv~ In gardens, Ps a eondi-su'nt.-,ittch is probably the T. lane ginosus, of Wilidenuwc' butr iuclt Lir. Smitih. in (Jyclopccd. thinks is not specifically distinct. 52. DIGITALIS. Gen. P1. 1017. [Lat. Dig;'it. a thimble, finger-stall, cr linger of a glove; from tie, fort ,if do ac, r. CAL. 5 parted. Cora. campanulate, 5 cleft, ventricose. CAPiS. ovate, 2 reiic' ai nv cticci. D). PTuscpunsc%. Wi/Id. Leaves lance-ovate, rug~osa; calyx segmients ovate, acute; cotola t i . Vit/go-Fox-glovc. Purple lox-glove. Fl. Last of June, and] after. Fr. miat. Last of Augrust, and afteri Iiub. Gardens. iliennial. 1' to 2 feet high:: fowes ,purple, Or white. Nat. Southern Prope. Obs. Both za..''i.s of this ornam~ental plant, the purple, and white flowered, are ocna l ?' ^itiratcd On account of the medicinail properties wvhich it Poss e 6. 1 have used it 'e veral time-. In moy p>.iiu haentbeCofruaeC ofn tedwe ihhl h ite srbdt tb r and others,-though I have reason to believe it is far 1mom being an inert plitt. Dr. Hamnor, of iZ,... ware county, informs mne he lis found it highly useful, in cases of pneum.onia. 53. SESAMUM. Gen. P1. 1048. [A name said to be derived from the Arabic language.] CAL. 5 parted. CoRt. campanulate, 5 cleft. Slam. rudiment of a 5th. CAPS. obtusely 4 angled, 4 celled. S. T mec 1a. 1i70d. Leaves lance-ovate, lower ones 3lobed, upper ones undividetd, serrate. Vl;go-Pene, or enni. Oily-Drain. Fl. Ni Tldle of August, and aft;r. Fr. weat. Hab. Gardens Anniual. 2 to 4 feet higlh: flowers reddish white. labt. India. Obs. This plant has baeen intt 0 Thee d here within a year or two, and cultivated on account of the ettiCi' la,-e which its leaves afford. when macerated in water. anti wahich has been found beneficial ins the bowel complaints of children: but out surmmcrs are too short to mature tbe seeds,--and the culture catn only hi! kept up by a sutpply of sees from the Seutltern States. CLASS XIV. TI'ET RADYN AMIA. OIRD~f, SILICULOSA. 51. LEPIDIUM. Gets. Pl. 1077. [Supposed from the Gr- Lepis, lepidok, a scale, or shell; from the form of the seed-vessels.] Silicle orbicutlar, emarginate, 2 celled: cells 1 seeded; valves earinate; dissepiment eotttrary. L. SATIvvtM. MilId. Leaves oblong, many cleft. Vulgo-Pepper-grass. Garden Cress. Tongue-grass. Fl. Latter end of June, and after. Fr. mat. PBeginning of August. flab. Gardens. Annual. 9 to 15 inches high: flowers white. Native country uncertain. Obs. The yotung herb is pungent and antiscorbutic, like the majority of the plants of this Class. It is used as a salad, or cress; and frequently cultivated. 55. COCHLEARIA. Gen, P1. 1079. [Lat. Cochleasre, a spoon; from a fancied resemablance in the leaves of the plant.) Silicle eiparginate, turgid, scabrous; valves gibbous, obatuse. C. oFFICIN ALTS. flld. Radical leaves roundish-cordate, cauline oblong, sub~sinuate, Vulgo-Scurvy-grass. Garden Scurvy-grass. Fl. Latter end of June. Fr. mat. Last of July. ,ab. Gardens. Biennial? 9 to 15 inches high: flowers white. at. Northern Europe. Obs. Used as the foregoing; but not much cultivayal here. APPENDIF C . tz:.z r ~A. I47ild. Radical leaves large, lanceolate, crenate, or pinn)atiflel; cauhune incised. Valgo-41orse Radish. Yl. diddlc of Mlay, and after. Fr. mat. Last of June, and after. hub. Gardens, &c. Perennial. 1~ to 3 feret high: flowvers white. I at. Europe. (The. The pungent root of this plant is in general use at table, in the sprint; of the year; and is sometimes used externally, in medicine, as a rubefacient. it thrives best in moist situations. OrDER, S1Z:QUOSA. 3.loiwers with glunds between the short stamiens and pistil, and between the long stamens and calyx,' 56. BRASSICA. Gen. '1. 1096. [A name of disputed, and consequently of doubtful, derivation. See De Theis, 3-. CA+L. erect, connivent. Siliiue with thie dissepiment longer than the valves. Seeds globose. 3. RAPA. T i/Id. Roqt orbicular, depressed, carnose; radical ieaves rough, cauline smooth. Vfulgo-Turnip. Common Turnip. P1. Middle of May. Fr. gmat. Latter end of June. flab, Fields, &c. Biennial. 2 to 4 feet high: flowers yellow. Nout. Eiigland, &c. Obs. This fine esculent runt is generally cuiltivated here foe the table. It is not much esteemed for stock, --especially milk: cow's,-but is often given to sheep. The seed is usually sown the latter end of July, or beginning of August,-on good, and new ground, ii it cats be had. Several varieties occur; white, yellow, &c. 13. OLEflACE A. iVilid. Root mostly terete, casnose; leaves all glabrous, glaucous, repand, or lobate. Valgo-'rarden Cabbage. Cauliflower. Broccoli. Ruta bagsa, or Swedish Turnip. Fl. Latter end of MNay. Fr. mat. Beginning of July. .lab. Cardlens, &c. Biennial. 2 to 4 feet high: flowers yellow. Nat. England. Obs. Many varieties of this valuable plant are cultivated, under equally numerous appellations. In ad-. dition to several, which are evidently nearly allied to the common cabbage, are some which wouild seem to he almost specifically distinct-such, for instance, are the Cauliflowver, (var. botrytis,) and the Ruta baga, &,vedish Tur nip, or Purnip-rooted Cabbage (var. Nupo-brassaica). They are all, however, considered by- Botanists as nothing more than varieties of the B. oleracea. The Rueta buge has been tried to sme extent, by several of our fianmere; buit, as remarked in another place. the culture ot roots will not become a primna- ry object, while v'. e can raise good crops of Indian Cornl. The Cauliflower is not mouch cultivated here.. 1I'he irarrcety cadied Iroecoli su cceeds best, in our gardens. 57. SINAPIS. Geni. Pl. 1097. [ An ancient name, of obscure derivation.] CAL. spreading. Cox. claws straight. Silique with the dissepiment often twice as long as the valves. S. NIGR A. W~illd. Siliques glabrous, appressed to the raceme, apex.4 angled. Vrulgo-Mustard. Black Mustard. Ft. Beginning of July. I+r. mat. Middle of August. i flab. A bout houses, &c. Annual. 3 to G feet high: flowers yellow. Arat. Northern Europe. I Ohs. This plant is almost naturalized ahout some old settlements--where the ripe seeds are collected for use. It is rarely cultivated regularly. The 'seeds are a pow~erful stimulus; the use of which, at table, is fa.- iniliarly known. They are also much employed in medicine, as a rubefacient, &c. 53. R APH ANUS. Gen. Pl. 1098. [Gr. Ram, easily, or quickly, andphainoiriai, to appear; alluding to its speedy germination.] CAL. closed. Siliquie torose, sub-articulate, terete, not opening by valves, I or 2 celled. RI. sA4Tavus. Willd. Leaves hyrste; siliques terete, torose, 2 celled. Vulgo-Radish. Garden Radish. r Fl. Middle of June, and after. Fr. mnat. Last of July, arid after. Habe. Gardens, &c. Annual. 2to 3 feet high: flowers white. Nwat. China. Ohs. This favorite root, of which there are twvo or three varieties, is almost universally cultivated, for thze- table. The [seeds may be planted pt any time from early stpyin- ti~ aumin, to Ouriish a sucecssion oi' Toots. iS J3 a0 CLASS XV. MONADEL.PIA. 0-.DMR, POLY NRIA. 59. ALTI ZEA. Gen. P1. 1132. [Gr. aititonein,to heal; from its reputed medical virtujes.; CAL. double; outer 6 or 9 cleft, inner 5 cleft. Con. petals 5. CATS, many, I sCeded, arrangced o0i cuarlf. A. OFFICINALIS. Wbilld. Leaves tbmentoae, oblong ovate, obsoletely 3, or 5 lobed, acute, plicate. serrse. t"d o-M~arsh VIallows. Althea: F!'. Middle of July, and after. F," mat. Beginning of September, and after. .flab. Gardens. Perennial. 2 to 4 feet high; flowers purple. Nat. Europe. Obs. Esteemed medicinal, for its mucilage; but it is rarely cultivated, and little attended to, here. 60. GOSSYPIUAI. Gen. PI 1138. [A name supposed to be of Egyptian origin: etymology, obscure.] CAL. douable; outer 3 cleft, flattish, larger. COR. petals 5. CArs. 3 or 4 celled. Seeds involved in long wool. G. HERBACEUM. WVilld. Leaves mostly 5 lobed, mucronate, one gland beneath on the midrib. Vulgo-Cotton. F. Middle of August, and after. Fr. mat. iflab. Gardens, &c. Annual. 2 to 3 feet high: flowers yellow and purple. Nat. India, Africa, &C. Obs. The large, compressed, outer calyx is usually laciniate on the margin, or cleft into numerous, long. harrow segments. This plant, which contributes so largely towards the clothing of mankind, and constitutes so important an artiele in the commerce of our country, has not yet been cultivated to any extent in this vicinity. The summers are generally too short to mature the fruit. But, from some attempts which have been reccutly made, there is reason to believe that the plant might be gradually acclimated here. Whether it Wculd be advisable for our farmers to turn their attention to an object so much better adapted to the Southern States, -is another question,--which time and circumstances must solve. 61. HIBISCUS. Gen. Pl. 1139. [An ancient Greek name; of unknown derivation.) CAL. double; outer many leaved, inner 5 cleft. COR. petals 5. Stig. 5. CAPs 5 celled, many seeded. - EsctXLENTUS. W~illd. Leaves cordate, 5 lobed, rather obtuse; inner calyx bursting lengthwise Vulgo--Okra. Eatable Hibiscus. F1 Beginning of August. Fr. mat. Last of September. 1ieS. Gardens. Annual. 1i to 3feet high: flowers yellowish white. Nat. West Indies. Obs. Occasionally cultivated as a pot-herb? but not much attended to. CLASS XVI. DIADELPHIA,, ORDER, DECANDRLIA. Aft. FILAMENTS ALL UNITED: or Monadelphous. 62. ARACIIIS. Gen. Pl. 1177. [A name of obscure derivation.] CAL. bilabiate. COR. resupinate. LErU~wE gibbous, torulose, veined, coriaceousi Ai. IIYPOG.EA. Cyclopaed. Stem procurnbent, pilose; leaves pinnate; leaflets 2 pairs, obovat. Vulgo-Ground-nut. Earth-nut. Pea-nut. Fl. Middle of July. Frh. mat. Last of September. .b Gaxtiens. Annual,. tlol$ inches lone: flowers yellow Nat. South Americ;- APPENDIX. 1S ] Obs. This curious little plant is sometimes, though but rarely, cultivated here. The soil seems not to be very cong nial, and the summers too short. The vast quantities of the fruit which are consumed here, are broli : from the South. Though I have sometimes raised the plant, I have not had occasion to notice its economy. It is stated, in Rees's Cyclopedia, that " as soon as the flower begins to decay, the germ thrusts itself under ground, and the pod is formed and ripened." ' FILAMENTS IN 2 sETS: mostly 9 together, and I separated a. Legume many seeded. Stigma pubescent. 63. PISUM. Gen. Pl. 1184. ["A Pese, vel Pesen, (Gr.) cecidit,--quia si Pisum non sustineatur, cadit in terrain." Boerh.j CAL. segments leaflike, the 2 upper shorter. Style triangular, carinate above. P. SATIvUM. Willd Petioles terete; stipules round and crenate at base; peduncles many flowered. Vle'o-Pea. Garden Pea. Dl. 8,ginning of Jine, and after. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. Hab. Gardens. A nul. 2 to 5 feet high: flowers white, and purplish. Nat. Europe. Obs. Several .. ties -f rhis favorite vegetable are cultivated for the table; but rarely for any other ob, Sect. Seeds planted beginning of April,-and after, to afford a succession. This is a hardy plant,-not easi ly injured by frost. 64. VICIA. Gen. PI. 1187. [An ancient name, of obscure derivation. See De Theis.] CAL. 2 upper teeth shorter, connivent. Stigma transversely bearded on the lower side. V. FABA. Wi/id. Stem erect; leaflets ovate, entire; petioles without tendrils; legumes subsessile, torulose: Vlho-Big Bean. Horse Bean. Windsor Bean. .. Xiiddle of June, and after. Fr. mat. Middle of August. Hab. Gardens. Annual. 1 to 2 feet high: flowers white, with a black spot, Nat. Persia. Obs. This bean is frequently cultivated; but not very generally admired,-having astrong, and rather un- pleasant taste, to many persons. Seeds planted in April and May. 65. PHASEOLUS. Gen. Pl. 1180. [Lat. Phaselits, a boat; in reference to the figure of the legume.] Con. keel, with the stamens and style, spirally twisted. LEGmE compressed. falcate. Seeds reniform. P. vULGARIs. Willd. Voluble; racetnes solitary, shorter than the leaves; peduncles in pairs; pods pendulous. Vutlgo-Common Pole-Bean. Kidney Bean. Fl. Beginning of July, and after. Fr. mat. Latter end of August. Hab. Gardens, &c. Annual. 5 to 8 feet high: flowers white, or purplish. Nat. East Indies. Obs. Generally cultivated for the table: when young, the legume and seeds are both used. Seeds plant- ed latter end of April, and after. P. LUNATUS. Willd. Voluble; legumes scymitar-form, sublunate, smooth; seeds compressed. Vulgo-Carolina Bean. Lima Bean. Hab. Gardens. Annual. 6 to8 feet high: flowers greenish white. Nat. Bengal. Obs. Frequently cultivated; but not so generally as the preceding. The seeds chiefly are used,--though the young legumes are, occasionally. The Lima, and Carolina beans, so called, are believed to be onfy ,varieties of the same species. They are planted the beginning of May. P. NANUS. Willd. Stem erect, smooth; legumes pendulous, compressed, rugose. Vulgo-Bunch Bean. Bush Bean. String-Bean. Fl. Middle of June, and after. Pr. mat. Middle of August. Hab. Gardens, &c. Annual. 12 to 18 inches: flowers white. Nat, India.. Obs. Very generally cultivated: the young le umes are cooked with the seeds, and constitute a favorite vegable dish. This seems to approach near to P. vulgaris; and, I believe, has been considered only as a Iae'siy of it, by some botanists. Seeds planted the latter end of April, and after. The young plants are llelcate, and easily affected by frost. b. Legume few seeded. 66. MEDICAGO. Gen. Pl. 1214. [So named from having been introduced by the Medes into Greece.] Con, keel deflected from the banner. _EGUJ compressed, cochleate APPENDI\2 M. sAsvA. lllid. Leaflets oblong, dentate; peduncles racemose;'Cegumes Sm3rth; Stiples cntirc. Vulgo -Lucerne-grass. Medick. Fl. ..:tter end of June. Fr. mat. Middle of August. Hab. Small lots. Perennial. i to 2 feet high: flowers pale bluish purple. Nat. Spain, & c. Obs. This plant has been occasionally introduced, on a small scale, as a substitute for clover; and is said o answer well for sailing-i. e. to be cut, and fed to stock that are confined in enclosures: but it does not ake the attention of our farmers, and is very little cultivated here. c. Legume mostly 1 seded. 67. TRIFOLIUM. Gen. Pl. 1211. [Lat. Literally meaning three leaves; a feature characteristic of the genus.] Flowers sub-capitate. LEGumE valveless, included in the calyx, I to 4 seeded. T. PRATINsE. Willd. Ascending; leaflets oval, subentire; stipules awned; spikes dense, ovate. Vulgo--Red Clover. Purple Trefoil. Honeysuckle Clover. Fl. Latter end of May, and after. Fr. mat. Latter end of July. flab. Fields, meadows, &c. Perennial. 1 to 3 feet high: flowers purple, rarely white. Not. Europe. Obs This plant, so highly and justly esteemed by our Agriculturists, has become completely naturali- zed. The culture of it began to prevail, here, about 35 years ago; and it is now sedulously pursued by ev- ery good farmer. It ameliorates the soil, affords good pasture, and, when mixed with Timothy, Orchard- grass, and some of the other culmiferous plants, makes first-rate hay. The introduction of clover, with the use of gypsum, has put an entirely new face upon this district of country, within the period above men- tioned. Tne seed is usually sown in the month of March, among green wheat, and rye; and it has been re- marked that it generally succeeds best among the latter. It is the second growth, or crop, of the clover, from which the seed is obtained, for sowing; and it is ripe in the beginning of September. The universal prevalence of this plant, here, has been sadly unpropitious to the labors of the Honey Bee,-inasmuch as the tube of the corolla is so long that the little insect is not able to reach the nectar with its proboscis. CLASS XVII. SYNGENESIA. ORDER, POLYGAMIA AEQUALIS, A. FLORETS ALL LIGULATE: Receptacle naked 68. TRAGOPOGON. Gen. Pl. 1229. [Gr. Tragos, a goat, and Pogon a beard; from a fancied resemblance in its long pappus.} CAL. simple, many leaved. Pappus stipitate,plumose. Seed oblong, angled. T. PORRIrOLIUs. Willd. Calyx longer than the rays; corollules narrow, truncate; peduncles incrassate. Vulgo-Oyster-plant. Salsafy. Purple Goat's-beard. Fl. Beginning of June. Fr. mat. Beginning of July. slab. Gardens. Biennial. 3 to 5 feet high: flowers violet purple. Nat. Switzerland, &c. Obs, This is sometimes, though not extensively, cultivated here, for the sake of the root,-which ama- -teurs fancy to resemble the oyster, in flavor, when properly cooked. 69. LACTUCA. Gen. Pl. 1234. [Lat. Lac, lactis,milk; in reference to the milky juice of the plant.] CAL cylindric, imbricate, margins membranaceous. Papps stipitate, pildse. Seed compressed. L. sATIv A. Willd. Stem corymbose; lower leaves rounded, cauline cordate. Vulgo-Garden Lettuce. Garden Salad. Fl. Middle of July. Fr. mat. Middle of August. flab. Gardens. Annual 2 to 4 feet high: flowers yellow. Native country uncertain; Ohs. This favorite salad, of which there are several varieties, is generally cultivated. The seed sowr early in March, and after. A PPENIMX. 133 ~.Fs~onFmrs ALL, TJijstLATi: FIawe;'S Ceup1iltr. 70. CARTIIAMUS. Gler. P1. 1251. [A name of uncertain (derivation. See Be Theis.] CAY-.. imbricate, scales subovate-foliaceous at apex. Pajppus chaff-hairy, or 0. Rcespt. chaff-bristly. ; f'.TlrvC'rouitTS. lilld. Stem smooth; leaves ovate, cntire, spine se-dentate; seeds naked. Vslgdro-Saffron. Bastard Saffron. Safflower. Fl Middle of July. F-. mt. Middle of September. Hab. G~ar lens. Annual. 1 to 2 feet high; flowers orange color. INut. E1gypt, &c. Ohs. This is occasionally cultivated. The flowers are ised as a dome uc (lye-stUff; andO the infusion of~ themu is a ighly popular me(dicine, in the 1k,-ases of children. The ,ffti-roe ets of the a;ool Ladies, is eonsilerecl "die s~overeign'st thing on earth'' to relieve internal distress;, and drive peccant humors to the surface! a. Flowvers discoid. 71. ARTE+MISTA. Gee?. P1. 1281. [Supposed to be dedicated to Artewnisia, s,ºife of Mjausolus ] CALs, imbricate, scales rounded, connivent. Pappuse 0 Jieeept. suhvillose, or naked., A. Ano~oTANtr-Ar. IT Iid Stein strict; lower leaves bipinnate, upper ones caiiaceoos-pinnate, Vlgo-Southern-wood. Old man. Mlug-wort. Fl. -Middle of August. F,-. met. Last of September. 11kb" Gardens. Perennial. 2 to 3 feet high. Nat. Syria, &c. Ohs. Tis bitter, and somewhat fragrant shrub, is to be found in most gardens. It is frequently used it. forurut-tions, ins popular practice. sA. AnaSI rIIrU . T~illd. Leaves hoary, compound, multifid; flowers pedunculate, nodding. . Iulwo--V4'o m-w~ood. P1 Beginning of August. F)r. nmat. La~tter end of September. flab. Gardens. Perennial. 2 to 4 feet high. .Nat. Europe. Oh-i TIhi, plant, proverbial fov its bitte rnesas, is also to be met withiha every garden; and possesses alu2- ble medicaillaroperties, as a tonic, vermifuge, &c. b. Flowers r-adiate: Receepturle chrflfy. 72. A >Ti1PJ'¶T ,Ii len. P! 1312. [Gr. Aniheinon, a flowver; fr L the treat ntunber which it produces.] CAL. hemisphierical, sub-equal. Coatz. rays more tiran 5. Papas 0, or a membranaceous margin. A. NroBIL Is. T billd. Stems branching; at base; leaflhts 3 parted, liiaear-solaulate, subvillous. idgo-Clsamomile. Garden Chamomile. Fl. Latter end of June. iiet. Latter end of August. -ohb. Gardens. Perennial. 4 to 9 inchecs long: rays white. Nat. Southern Europe. Ohs. This fragrait, bitter hserb, is de'servedly Ipulzr as a tonic; and is generally introduced into our Sgardens. The flowers produced in this country, are rarely so large and fuse as those wshtchs are imported. 73. IJELIANTIJUS. Gen. Pl.I -22 [Gr. lHelios, the sun, and _,Inthos, a flower; frons the reasembtance of its flower.,] CAL. imbricate, subsqtuarrose, foliaceous. Preppua chaffy, 2 leavedl, caducous. Recept. flat, chaffy. 11. TUBER.~t5 is illd. Leaves 3 nerved, scabrous; lower ones cordate-ovate, upnei ovle- petiolcs ciliate. j ug Atcoe F "L. te okt~ f -August. Fr. mnot. lab. Gardens. Perennial. 4 to 6 feet high: rays yellow. Nat. Brasil. Obs. This is occasionally cultivated for the tuberous root,-which is pickled, and brougitt to table under tthe name of Artichoke. SThere is no plant belonging to the Class GYt-eAeenasA cutltiv;a'.te he; ex-cept rs matter of curiosity 134 APPENDIX. CLASS XIX. MONOECIA. ORDER, TRIANDRIA. 74. ZEA. Gen. Pl. 1403. [Gr. zo, to live; the seeds contributing eminently to the support of life.] .1ale, in terminal spikes. Cal. glume 2 valved, 2 flowered, awnless. Cor. 2 valved, awnl ss. FETS. in dense lateral spikes. Cal. 2 valved. Cor. 4 valved. Style 1, very long. Seed solitary. Recrpt. oblong Z. MAYS. Sm. Cyclop. Stem erect; leaves lanceolate, concave, carinate, acute, entire. Vulgo-Indian Corn. Fl. Latter end of July. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. fab. Fields. Annual. 4 to 8 feet high. Nat. America, but the region unknown. Obs The terminal, aggregated spikes of male flowers are denominated, in common parlance, the Tessei of the Corn. The female flowers are below, in a simple cylindrical spike, or spadix, emerging from the sheaths of the leaves (usually one or two, sometimes three, or more, female spikes on each plant). This spike is closely enveloped by a foliaceous involucre, of many leaves,-known by the name of the Husk; from the end of which protrudes the bundle of long, filiform styles, called the Silk The common recep- tacle of the seeds is called, by the farmers, the Cob. Although the bread prepared from the Indian Corn alone, is not, in general, esteemed equal to that made from wheat-yet, considered in every point of view, this is perhaps one of the most important and valuable plants which we cultivate. It is highly nutritious,-and contributes largely towards the sustenance of our people. It is particularly excellent for feeding every kind of Stock: and it has been well remarked, that if the Agriculturists of Europe could avail themselves of. our Indian Corn, we should not hear so much from them on the importance of their root crops. When the grain is in the milky state,-which is from the middle to the last of August,-it affords a repast (under the appellation of boiling, or roasting ears,) of which the Epicures of the old world have no adequate conception. The plant is usually gathered about the middle of September, by cutting it off near the ground, and securing it in upright bundles, or Shocks. The ears are taken from the husks in the beginning of October; and the residue of the plant affords ex- cellent fodder for cattle. The grain of this plant, as well as of Rye, is much used-or rather abused-in distilling that mischievous liquor, called Whiskey. The seeds are planted in the beginning of May.- I have often observed the male spike to contain some hermaphrodite flowers, and to produce tolerablV perfect seeds: which circumstance may perhaps countenance an opinion expressed at the foot of page C, of this catalegue. 75. COIX. Gen. Pl. 1405. [An ancient Greek name; of obscure etymology.] MALE, spikes remote: Cal. glume 2 valved, 2 flowered, awnless. Coy. 2 valved, awnless. FEM. Cal. glume 2 flowered. Cor. glume awnless. Style 2 parted. Seed 1, covered with the ossified calyx C. LACxRYMA. Willd. Culm semiterete above; flowers naked; fruit ovate. VulgoJob's tear. Fl. Middle of July. Fr. mat. Beginning of September. 1ab. Gardens. Annual? 12 to 1S inches high. Nat. East Indies. Obs. Some persons cultivate this for the purpose of making beads, of the smooth, bony fruit, to'pst round the neclks of children, to prevent chafing, or galling of the skin. ORDER, POLYANDRIA. 76. JUGLANS. Gen. Pl. 1438. [Formed from the Lat. Jovis Glans, the nut of Jove; on account of its excellence.] MALE, Aonent imbricate. Cal. a scale. Cor. 5 or 6 parted. Stam. about 18. FEM. Cal superior, 4 cleft. Cor. 4 parted. Sytles 1 or 2. Drupe coriaceous, or spon ; rugose. J. REGIA. Willd. Leaflets about 9, oval, glabrous, subserrate, subequal; fruit globose. - Vulgo-English Walnut. Madeira Nut, Fl. Middle of May. Fr. mat. Kab. Yards, &c. 15 to 20 feet high. Nat. Persia. Ohs. This tree is occasionally cultivated for its fruit,-chiefly for the purpose of making pickles of it, in ; green state,-but our winters are rather too severe for it; and it rarely succeeds in this vicinity. APPLtN DIX. ORU)MR, 1WONAD!ELPHIA. 77. RIICINUJS. Gen. Pl. 1464. Lat. Ricintus, a tick, or bug; from the resemblance of the seeds.; (ii, Cd. 5 parted; segments ovate, concave. Cor. 0. Stamens numerous. Far. Cal. 3 parted. Cor. 0. Styles 3, bifid Caps. echinate, 3 celled; cells 1 seeded. Rf. cotirLrnrt5. W~illd. Leaves peltate, palmate, lobes lanceolate; stem pruinose. Vu/go- Castor- oil Bean. Palms Christi. !Fl Last of July, and after. Fr. mat. Last of August, and after. flab. G;ardens-, &c. Annual. 4 to s feet high. Nat. East Indies. O7bs. This plant,-though cultivatedl to a considerable extent, in New-Jersey, for the purpose of obtaining the oil fromn the Needs,-,, chiefly regarded, here, as a mere curiosity. Whether it would be a profitable object of culture, in our soil and climate, I amt unable to say; but I observe a large portion of the fruit is prevented from arriving at maturity by the autumnal frosts. 73. MOMORDICA. Gels. P1. 1477. [Supposed from the Lat. Mordeo, to bite; the seeds appearing as if bitten., or chewed.] iIMALEc, Cal. 5 cleft. Cur. 5 parted. Filarments 3. Fi mat. Cal. superior, 5 cleft. Cor 5 parted. Wtyle 3 cleft. Paine bursting elastically. M. BALE AMI A" T~illd. Leaves palmate-5 lobed, glabrous; fruit angled, tuberculate. *Vulgo-Balsam Apple. Fl Middle of July, and after. Fr. mat. 'Middle of September. .flab. Gardens. Annual. 3 to 5 feet long; flowers yellow, fruit reddish orange. Nat. India. Obs. Occasionally cultivated for the fruit; which is reputed balsamnic, and vulnerary. 79. CUCURBITA. Gen. Pl. 1478, [Etymology obscure: perhaps Lat. quasi curvate; the fruit being often curvedi DIALS, Cal. 5 toothed. C'or. 5 parted. Filaments 3. Fatas. Cal. superior, 5 toothed. Cor. 5 parted. Style 3 cleft. Pome 3 celled. Seeds tumid at mnargin. C. LAGENARIA. Willd. Leaves cordate, round-obtuse, pubescent; pome elavate, woody. tTUlgo-Common Gourd. Calabash. Bottle Gourd. j Fl. Middle of July, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of October, Hlab. Gardens, &c. Annual. 10 to 15 feet long: flowers white. Nat. Both Indies. Obs. Cultivated for the woody shell of the fruit, which affords many conveniences. Willdenow says it serves for flagons, ladles, funnels, caps, and innunmerable other utensils. Seeds planted in April. C. ovarstRA. fWilld. Leaves cordate, angular 5-lobed; ponme obovate, striped lengthwise. V'ilgo-Bitter-bash. Egg Squash. Egg Gourd. Fl. Middle of July, and after. Fr. meat. Beginning of October. Hab. Gardens. Annual. 4 to 6 feet long: flowers yellow. Nat. Astracan. Obs. Sometimes cultivated, and cups made of tbe fruit. Seeds planted early in May. C. CERR~UCO5A. Willd. Leaves cordate, deeply 5 lobed; pome elliptic, or clavate, verrucose, Vublgo-Squash. Warted Squash. Long Squash. Fl. Middle of July, and after. Fr. mat. Beginning of October. Ilab. Gardens, &c. Annual. 10 to 15 feet long: flowers yellow. Neat. Obs. Numerous varieties of this are cultivated for the table. When planted in the neighborhood of pumpkins, (C. pepo,) I have observed the crop of the latter to be much injured by the production of hybrids. Seeds planted early in May, as are those of all the following species. C. MELopEPO. Willd. Leaves cordate, obtuse, sub-5 angled; pome clypeate, margin tumid. Vulgo-Round Squash. Cymling. Fl. Middle of July, and after. Fr. mat. B~eginning of October. lab. Gardens, &c. Annual. 8 to 12 feet lentg: flowers yellow. .lait. Obs. T1Wfruit of this is considered superior to that of the preceding, for the table. C~ ~Leaves cordate, obtuse, sub lilobed; tome roundish, or oblong, smooth. ot - inptkt .R. MEfiddle of uly, and after. Fr. snct,'Beginning of October. Hab. Fields, &c. Annual. 10 to 20 feet long: flowers yellow. N t. Asia. Obs. The fruitof this is valuable for feeding stock; and is extensively cultivated, it also affordg the celi- ebrated Puempkcin Pie, of New England-which is not without admirers in Pennsylvania. There are nu- Zuerous varieties cultivated,--some Qf them enormoualy large, but not so much esteemed as the smaller ones~ 136 ^1 \ 111X. C. cvrrI.TUarvS. ildii. Leaves J iUG, ies siluch -pinonhsd oe,r solar'C: 2)3( li11 tic, smoo0thi. Vuil;:--XVater M'ielon. .Fl. Latter end of June, and after. r"P nealt Middle of Xrv ust. and after. Hab Gardens, &-c. Annual. 8 to 15 feet long: flow:ers greenish yellow. "at. Sicily! Sec. Obs. This is frequently cultivated for its delicious frits' but our pin'-io 1 supply conmes from New Jer- sey.--where it is produced miore abundantly, and in gr eater perfection. '1hre is a caricly, with suiall seed's, called the Apple-seeded Wjater Maelon. 80. CUCUMTS. Ge s Pt. F')3 CA name of obscure dma "alien. See PP, Tarci. T TLE. (Cal. 15 toothed. Cor-. 5 parted. Filaa~ernite 3. I'Ea. Cal. superior, 5 toothed. Car. 5 parted. Style 3 cleft. Ponic 3 celled. Serrfa acslr'. C. ANer7RIN. f1iltd. Leaves palmate-sinuate; pome gluhose, or elliptic, echinate. Vulgo--Prickly Cucumber. Jerusalem Cucumber. Fl1. Middle of July, and after. Psr. gnat. Latter end (of September". liab. Gardens, &c. Annual. 3 to 5 feet lon;: flowers greenish yellrov INut. Jamaica. Obs. The green fruit is used for pickles; for which object the plant is sometimes cultivated. C. aCELO. I-illrd. Angles of the leaves rounded; pome torudose. lJ-lro-Mijsk Mlelon. Cantaleucpe, or Cantalope. Fl. Latter end of June. Fr. prat. Latter end of August. Haleb. Gardens, Le. Annual. 5 to 10 feet long: flowers yellow. Aat. Tartaryl Obs. The fruit of this is much esteemed,-for which itis occasionally cultivated; hut, like the water tmt- Ion, our chief supply is brought from New Jersey. There are several varieties,-passing under the names of .Nuttme; Melons, Clantaeupes, 1Meusi Melons, &ic. C. sATIVUS. Willd. Leaves right-angled; pome oblong, scabrous. Vulgo-Cucurber. Common Cucumber. Coswcumsber. Fl. Latter end of June, and after. Fr. gnat. Last of August, and after. fab. Gardens, Sze. Annual. 6 to 12 feet long: flowers yellow. Nat. India, Tartary, &c. Obs. Cultivated by every body: the fruit, while voring, is used for pickles,-and when nearly full growh is cut into thin transverse slices, with seasoning which renders it a favorite dish,--though not a very saluta- ry one to indrulge in. Cultrire has produced several emo-isties of tis. as well as of most other plants that hLive been long uadcr the car- of ma.u The seeds, of all the species are planted early in May. H1. SALIXL. Ceo. Pl. 1493. [,Supposcd frona the L1at. salio, to leap, or spring up; alluding to its quick growtha.] IvIALE Ainent cylindric. Cat, a scale. Cer. 0. Staim. 1 to 6, with nectariferous glands at base. F'EM~. Asinent cylindric. Cal. a scale. Cer. 0. Style bifid. Caps. 1 celled, 2 valved. Seeds woolly, Leaves serrate: Ainens coceteseous. S. v ITELLINA. lf'illd. Leaves lanceolate, acute, glabrous, silky. white beneath, serratures cartilaginous. Vat e-Yellow Willow. Golden Osier. Fl: Middle of Atril. Ps'. snat. Latter end of June. -jIab. About houses, &ec. 20), to 30 or 40 feet high:. branches yellow. Nat. Europe. Obs. Formserly much planted in front of houses, for shade: not so commonly at present. It has become pretty muchs naturalized. S. BABYLO)N! A. Witld. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acominate; germs ovate, sessile, glab- ~, Vto-Weeping Willow. Drooping Willow. Ft. Beginning of April. Fr. snot. Hab. About houses, &c. 30 to 50 feet high: branches slender, pendant. Nat. of the East. Obs. This hsandsome tree is frequently planted before hsouses for the sake of its comfortable shade. It is believed there are none but feasales, of thi10species, its our country. S°. FICUS. Geni. Pl. 1613. [An ancient name; of obscure origin.] I Rrr,1;re rtir~itlte, carnosre, enclosing the florets: MALE, Cal. 3 parted. Cor, 0. Struts 3. 1I' *L. Cu'. 5i pted. Cor. 0t. Style I. Seed 1, covered with the persistent, and sub-carnose calyx.. F. ca TCi L eaI *es curdate,' S or 5 lobed, scabrous above, pubescent beneath. IN. It 'r "ndl of July F)". maot. Kali ( u-dens" 5 o f et high. NeGt. Southern Europe, and Asia. Oh.. h\tr~it la en ensvume to cultivate this remarkable plant, here; but it is too delicate to endutr our avant'.rs 1 1-1 e knowna no inarie Where te fruit has heen periected, out of a stove nron. S3. PlROUJSSONETIA. Tiulid. 1777, fln honor of I'. nV. V. B~rouassonet; a French Naturalist.] MILE, Amient cyliadric. (Cal 4 partedI Ow- 0. I' B.t. Amneat globose, comc~ounl. Ca~l. 0 or .1 oothed. Style lateral. Secd 1, covered with the calyx. 1B. PAP 2;RreRrA. [Villrl. Leaves suhcordate, iobed, or undivided. synoo n Mocus a 2pyrilera. fort Kew.. Vulgo-Paper Mulberry. Italian M'ulberry. 11" Middle of ?dsy. Pr'. met. 114s. About hwises, & c. 15 to 30 feet high Nut. Japan, and South Sea Islands. Obs. This tree is a good deal cultivated in this vicinity, for the sake of shade; but it is rather troublesome~ cas account of the numierous slic~kers .i, nh spring fr ot its roots. We have only the Mdale here, (RDER, PM- 14TANMILA, 8I. SPINACIA. Gris. Pl. 1520., [Lat. Spina, a tlsorn; fronm the prickly, or spinose integument of the fruit.] MAvLE, Cral. 5 parted; segments oblong, obtuse, concave. Cor. 0. FE-M. (Cul. 4: cleft. Cor. 0. Styles 4. Seed 1, within the indurated calyx. S. OLYIIAkcrA. SM. Cyclop. Stem branched, hollow; leaves hastate sagittate; fruit sessile. VialooSpinach. Garden Spinach. Spriouge- Ft. Middle of June, and after. Fr. snot. M1iddle of August, and after-, hiab. Gardens. Annual. 1 to 2 feet High. Nuative country unknown. Obs. Occasionally cultivated, for culinary purposes; bttt not common. 85. CANN1`,AiS. Gen. Pl. 1522. [ An ancient Greek name; etymology obscure. See Be Theia.] MALE, Col. 5 parted; segments oblong, acunabsately obtuse, concave. Cor. 0. 'EM,.. Cat. 1 leaved, entire, gaping laterally. Cor~. 0. Styles 2. Nrut 2 valved, in the closed caly--. C. sATIvA.. Cyclop. Leaves petiolate, digatate; leaflets 5 or 7, lanceolate, serrate. Val o-Comomon H-emp. Neck-weed. Ft. Latter end of June. Fr. smat. Latter end of August. l1ab. Fields, &c. Annual. 5 to 10 feet high. Vhat. Persia, and North America? Otbs T ~plant, beside being an auixiliary of some consequence in the penal systems of vindictive law.. givers 3'3 i nmense itmp1ortance in the concerns ot alt ceoinoerial and civilized nations. In additioaa to ,I ~fidcloting, the canvass and cordage of thseii s.hipptng are chiefly derived fronm this p;lant. W ndw"0dbe to it, in a great degree, for ttie 1eicle, by which useful knowledge is diffusedt th ou out AW~woile,-bsy which the elegant productioaus oi genius are preserved, and the fruits of scien- tific research transmitted, with accumulating benefit, from gene'ration to ;generation. This important plant, how.ever, is but rarely cultivated ins this vicinity. It requires a strong soil; and has not been found, by our far mers, to be the most profiable crop. In some portin of the adjoining cotinty of Lancacter, it is raiseed to a considerable extent. Tie sced is sown the latter end of March. PE, : AAA NI.l'IMtJ>I Di Gen P1. i;2 tI'cihap3 flnn thec Lat. llsoi:us, nmoist ual in re ieiceO to its place oi rOYwli Ms~tir, Cal. 5 leaved; leaflets oblong, obtuse, concave. Cor 0. Vra.- in Concs: Cal. 1 leaved, entire, obliquely spreading;. cor. 0. Slides 2.Seed 1, within the caicyY .H. tupuLus. Cmuclop. Stema voluble, twining wvith the stir; leaves lobed, scabrous. T ulgo-Hop. Commnon Hlop. .Fl. Middle of July. 1%r mat. Latter end of September. lHab. Gardens, &c. Pecrnnial. 12 to 20) feet hiighl. -at. Yuo c andI 110 ita Obs. Tis.,planti tu tmalcestioiaally a native of this vicit -,-n s I have frc eo ~ety fcc ii. b'Ioth imal Lucem femnale, in the thickts ti along the ]irc.nclywicce It is cui M"(1 i shill m.:c. ill adl, a~ 1 t 1, h iin fo family use, in brewoinj 1laer. I", . hilt in: no in~:,,cm letl 1i !Cnob 'cI, aiilc ac vci((t to ollJcii" tdic to toits impllortance ini the Brcw e ies,5 it pseses :Aluabic iiieuli( rosd i reri,-'s Ii tlc in lci it d: nicc I, ic slopccifie, the infuson toujm',-and the cones, pcrepcaredl ini cathj :ill ii, al h,,.lytYimcptcu It is ticheiiil plant only that is c iitiivatedi. It is cai ous to ol...erv e iac determined natural bias wicilil tbIm pant Ilac to twi, il i tie Still- whieieaa Abhe climbing species of Bean, (1'hs rua) a3 constantly twinme ill the qpou iection.ui S7. POP'ULUS. Gen.. P1. 15021. [Lat. Popm'cms, the people-Tree of the People; the public. walk s, in Rome, beincg shaded by it. De Tisa _NTALE, Ament cylindric. Cal. a lacerate scale. Cur'. turbinate, oblique, entire. Fr;m. Flower as in the male. .Stigmna 4 or 6 lobed. Caps. 2 celled. Seeds beset avith long wvool. P. GR ACA. W~ill&. Leaves cordate-ovate, acuminate, obsoletely serrate, petioles compressed. Tilga- Atheniani Popclar. F1. B~eginning of April. Fr. miat. Hlab. About hounams, Lce. 20 to 40 feet high; branches spreaing- al!. le lands of the Archifipeago. Obs. Introduced into this nei,,hborhood about fifteen ycars ago, for the sake0 of s shade. We have only the Female here: anad the wool, or white dowvn, ahchrl is shieid irom the ca psules, when they burst, is so, Abudante as to render the tree rather objectionable, in the immediate viciiiity of houses. P. nSLATATA. W illd. Leaves deltoid, acuminate, serrate, glabrous on both sides. Vigo-L~ombardy Poplar. Italian Poplar. Ft. Beginning of April. Pr. mnat. Hab. About houses, &c. J0 to S0 feet higls: branches very erect. .Xhat. Italy. Obs. This popalar is also lalantedi in front of houses, for the purpose of shade. It is understood to hanve been imported into this country, about 40 years ago, by thie late WAm. H-amilton, E~sqr of Philadelphia; awl it is about 25, or 30 years, since it began to be common in this vicinity. It is not, however, so nmh act' :naireri at present, as it has been; and is beginning to give place to other trees. The Lombardy poplars ill this country are all .M1ales; and consequently, having been propag atedl by cuttings, may all be conisideredl at the mere elongation of a single tree. The Botanical Editor of Rees's Cyclop dia thinks they hiae only' the Female, in England-which, he says, was introduced there about half a century before the publicatiou of that work. ORDER2 MONADELP IAH 8S. JUNIPERUS. Gen.,Pt. 1552. [E~tymology obscure. See page 111 of this catalogue.] AI ALI , Aemenct ovate. Cal, a scale. Cor. 0. Stamens 3. c Cas.l. 3 parted, adnate to tihe germ. Cor. petals 3? Styles 3. Berily tuberculate, i to 3 seeded Jf. commut'es. WVilld. Leaves tern-ate, spreading, mucronate, longer than the berry. ltlgo-J uniper. Juniper-hush. P. Latter end of April. F1r. mat. Itab. Gardens, &c. 4 to8 feet high. N4at. Northern Europe. Obs. This shrub has become almost naturalizedl in many places along the IPrandywitt ilttsvated ?n some gardens for the berries,-whicb possess pretty valuable niedicinmal preperties-especially the oil iicht they afford. Spirita, when impregnated with this oil, are known by the name of Gin, Geneva, or Icamiei' wat eta fjg~ Te J sASNA orSarsis ccaionllyculivaei for its medicinal virtues, in some parts of the t^ tcO 'r hutJ Il haver not obatvih it ocin nl this immeihiatei vicincty- 139 CORRECTIONS AND ADDITIONS. ri I was riot so fortunate as to possess the excellent FPora of Doctor Torrey, until after that portion of the Catalo'ue, wich ii comprised in his firstVolume, we trmtel,-otherwise I might have htproved my list of S. nams, and pretitei very materially by the light wilich the Doctor lias thrown upon the Botany of this re ion. I ..all not, hrvever, swell these note; by an :ttmpt at a general revision, here: but will content i selt with a few remarks and corrections. Thoee errors which' are merely typographical, and do not affect the sense, will be left to the correction of the reader. Ctm,.IxsozssA CANAsjeNsis. page 5. The flowers of tis plant possess the odor of Hoips, in a remarra isle dtegitee. Hiz:rTEn ANrrevA. P. 6. The name given to this p nt, by Prrumrois, in the Transactions of the Ameri cvn Philtisnlhical Society, is I EIVRANDI-A, and not 110et thera. The names, however, are strictly synonyimous. I had not the Transactions at hand, when this part of the Catalogue went to press. In the generic description of the plant, for ".athers, 2linear, I triangular"-read Aithers 2 roundish, 1 oblong, MArARIsCUs GLoIERATUsi p. 9. I am now perfectly satisfied that this plant is the Cyperus O./ariscai- des, 'of Elliott and Torrey. PoA NERvArA. p. 12. I observed last season (1225) that this grass is very abundant in all our low $ svamy gror:nds. PArICUt CietATUT, and P. PAUCFtORUhI? p 16. I am now pretty well satisfied that these are nothing mtore than varieties of Doctor Torrey's P. nitidutmr. For P. AILIACEUM. p. 16, last line,-read P. GERMANICUw: or rather SETARIA GERSMANICA. Setaria is the generic nane adopted by Dr. Torrey, from Beauvois, for this section of the Panicums;which I con- sider preferable to Pennisettru. The name Setaria, however, appears to have been also appropriated to a genus in Cryptogania. GAurUa r etC rCZANs. p. 19. The sweet taste of this species, I observe, is noticed by Mr. Eaton, ill his excellent Manual of I3etany : a work which I did not possess until after a considerable portion of this Catalogue was printed. Sc In June 1225, I found the GALIM BOREALE in this county, on the banks of the Schuylkill, at a place called Black Reck, near the Phonix Iron works. It was in considerable quantities there; and ex- actly resembles a specimen, in my possession, fros the North of Europe. CoRNUs. p. 20. In noticing the fruit of the different species, the word ' berries" is inadvertently used instead of dtrpe. The mature drupes of C.florida are red. PANAx QUINQUEFoLIUM. p. 34. The word "oboval" occurs in the description of this plant,-and also in a few other instances,-for which read obovate. Obweal is an incorrect term; although sanctioned by some respectable authorities. The following plant was found since the catalogue went to press, and belongs to page 35:- MYsRHrs PROCUMBENS. Tor. Leaves decompound, pinnatifid, sheaths hairy; umbels few flowered. Syron. Cha rophyllum procumbens. Ph. Ell. .futi. Scandix procumbens. IPilid. Mul. Vitlgo--Cherviih l. Latter end of April. pr. gnat. Hab. Moist, shaded grounds: Brandywine: frequent. 3 to 9 in iges high: flowers white, minute. Obs. This plant is described as procumbent; but the stems were upright, in the greater number which I have seen. It grows in abundance on the bank of the Brandywine, just below the East end pf Wistar's Bridge; but it had escaped my notice until the present season. a_ ItYPERICoIDEs. p. 38. The term "acerose" is strictly applied to evergreen linear, needle shsi4kteshuch as the Juniper, &c. and therefore incorrectly used in the description of this plant. ARALIA RACEMOSA. p. 33. For "umbellate," read uaibellulate, CAUrLoPrervoLwvr. p. 39. After that portion of the catalogue was struck off, I found considerable quso- 'tities of the plant in a small spot in the woods, on the west side of Brandy wine, opposite the upper cnd of Of John Taylor's Islands. For a corrected account of the fruit of this plant, See Torrey's .Flora, I'V. A 'p qges 335--6. (O}IRE(TION.I S AND) ADD 1TION_ TIEXANDRIIA. TETRAGYN1A. 1). 4-1--1? SAUR.URUS. Natt. Gen. 35.1. [Gr. Satrr, a lizard, and Otwa, a tail; in reference to its spike of flowers.] Filowers in an Am~ent, or Spike. Scales 1 flowered. Cont. 0. CAPS. 4, 1 or 2? seed"ed, not relin'. .CERNtIYS. T'or. Stern angular, sulcate; leaves altercate, obloing-cordate, acuminate. Vit/go-Lizard's Tail. Breast-weed. Swamp Lily. Water Lilies. 17. Beginning of August. F?. mt. Latter end of September. ,Fite. WVetplaces: Foiks of Brandywine: rare. I to 2feet high. (i/ri Tin nh'iat Inever met with, hereabouts, until aft. i that portion of the e'italosne' to v'Iii i di etr. -ta:- striuek ol1 it. r''e,,v a lxrantly, in a slni patch. on. tie aenlthido of Ile west brincli ot Ii anwt v-inr, few rods above vi eor' I tojtnd it wvas known to the nri~h~ hi li the nm of I, votireedtl ? i ii h rcieo ol tn;ispru otadalligt~nbusd nfr ic~~:S.to i:lm breasts. Mir. Elliott notices a similar peactice. Thew less' ha v e rmct re enihl'nce to those of Aristo- Jochia serpentaia,-except that they are larger, and somewha't niote co irdtc AREN ARIA LAT. PrIFLOnA?p. 51. I have recently receiv ed, from Dr. Torrey, spec mens of Arenaris 1st- eriflora, wshich satisfy me that ciiy friend Mr. Schiweinitz was ratner iisty in pironouncing uoen my plant: I am pretty wll convinced it is nothing- more than the Ste/lot toa lanceolatita of Tocirey. It is rem-rklhe, however, that the slender pedicels are frequently bsibraccteate, after the manner of Arenaria lateriflora. VERBENA. tRTMCIEFOLIA. p. 66. By a typographical error, this species is stated to he "ncot common." It is very common. 4 CARE EANTHOPHTYSA. p. 98. It is stated in the observation annexed to this species, that the C. 7: n- thophy a, of Muhlenberg, is a di~tinct plant-being the C. striataz, of Mr. Schwe-initz. In a letter lately rcceiv from Mr. S. he informs me, that on further examination he has teen induced to drop his C. striata; believing it, and of course Dr. Miihlenherg's, toi he identical with our plant. PHAREOLTvs LITNATU5. P. 131. Next to the common names, insert Fl. Middle of July, antI after. Ft-, miqt. Middle of ,Septeotabec. af TO T=IE 1)2)i S r niiel i it`alc. ! 4RFJ'SPage Alt_ 1' IPA 10S AMPI? iCtA-P lilIn - : ra v lta ?~ AIJWI 7I IM1AJ Tj Ac 1 LLL _. 91.AN DR 1 'k+I th~iijaefohlflif --piicat eAa'Ona_? - iN- DRour'is ACIT cvMA 58 plca d tt gc oh a - pAi'p'~'c G0' AOROSTI1S 101 acoprirlus alb.rasain -- eirMI)NiE euatfora -0 nmcourn A ROTIS 101 scrinse albma - ANL'1f1 \N rinnaa -- heai'ca sarat? 12 taltroidrpes cespucta 1.1 t iqinina. pARA11 ANGI AS pctrpurea 12 arvensis ALISMIA 45 cotula parviflora --- nobilis plantago -- ANTIJOXAN THIU2 ALLIUJM 40 odoratuin canadlense - ANT!IRI-UI NUMN cepa 121 lirieria porruli 1201 AYCHIA1 sativuln -Icavaldeflsii schomoprasum 1211 dichotonra vineale 40 APIUS ALNUS 100 tuherosa serrulata -- APIUM ALTHZEA 130 graveolens officinalis -- petroselinurn ALYSSUM 73 APOCYNUM saivum -- ancirosa mrifolium AMARANTHUS 101 cinnabinum albus -- pbesens? hlybridus 102'AQUILEGIA 1 AMBROSIA 101 canadensis abs puthifolia? - ARAIS artemisifolis - bulboa trifida --'cacaodensis -- lyrata 80) rhomboidea --- ttbnr;)s'': 24a by pa;cau'. 21A'1 A Tlc uM l appa --lati flora? -set pyllifolia 15 stricta A-- 1 Ii:, UUSA pe adula --i verliata AIG{Cj AIONE Iriiexicana A kf.T DA 60A R kil oIOLOCI-flA 5)serpentaria --FR1IENIJACA (00 dscar pa -- e'u]{;ais -- arbutifolia 3) botryapium 0'1 aboann -- abs;nthiuos 13~3 drae~ontium, 5 triy'iurn 70 c'ieudensW 17 \JR~ij canadense * - hy~bida 119 i'("rtit - obtuiioii 'yriaca -- tberosa r. v'.' ta - vertiea I 7 ASPARAGaL S IAt~f1iia Pag 1:30 38 fi5 54 94 10 95 125 121 (3 1:3 103 10 57 31. 32 31 32 121 I \~iEx S it 1,:i V01 .017ml 1in//11s 1,12 if 0 )1/13 f1c op 'V ll iI "k)us tie of/illt? 1t% - a-Scn n udifioira psri ch/Dl/ffo f/ilI ,VifRT9Is4 ciclh larf losll Ient's h"r/ 'Iota I'ernua V in vsanthcrnoidey effIN A 1VI-A B Or. 1 ,RIA P(y i/nIrica 33ILX HUYSTEM1U.11 47///f'Iolte/ /4 Ifana erai"roi'0t ;iliatus Ipubescens? secalinus 131'R0USSO0NE.11A F N,.NRA :V'a'e ;U CIINTTI A 91 C ACXLI t 90 (9 XLAf' 'i STIS -I i/eteroph1ylla If) . ,i ' dl 10/' C' majus perfoliatum TRIPHORA TftISETUM pratense TRITICUM hybernum TROPiEOLU-'t 3uaju+s rage 56 TI PHA - .agustifulîr, 87 latifolia -- TJi3\1J1 79 anericana. -.fulva i59 nwoUijolha -~ rlbubì -- £UL7hSìS 60iii ?ti.sflatIr1 -. UB 'À.SI>lRIVI!1, -- 4 Iitonì -- UIRICA 36 ci'ìd'n-is --cijl;u dri't 36 iia -- i]i~ caft 62 priocera? --purnila 430 UITRICUL AI:, -.vulgaris VO9 Uv ULARIA --perfolinta 61 sessilìfolia 55,VACCINIUM album -corymbosumn -- disomorp1'um 39 frondosuni --glaucciini 132 mxacraocarpcnt -.ox?jCOCCs 9 resinosumn jVALERIAN,1 oli toria A-VALLISNER.A. S americana - VERATRUTJM 7,0 albumt - littettnt 45 vi ride -- NTERBASCU7M -Iblattaria s thìapsuìs 132 VERBENA so bastata -. urticaxfolia 44, VERNONIA noveboracensis 30 rxisalta 31 VElRONIC A agrestis? 94 anagallis -- beccabunga Il officinalis 114 peregrina serpvilifolia 1211 +0rgìiica - VIBUR.NUM dì ììtatum 3 prunìfoliuln, _.IlOLA I asarifoli i blanìda '14) c'ìrìll'ita i ochru)]uecý pailia o pedi Tath i 1j rinnrl.IxúiOi -- pnbesceììs r,> sagit!ata - scabriuscula --striata -- striata VISCUM Aialbum? __ fiavescens 5o0 verticillatumr lOie stivalis e cordifolia 43. lederacea - intermedia labrusca <7 occidcutali s?l7estris 6& vinifera vudpina volpina $ INDSORJ A 84poief