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N OT || C. E.
VolumE XIII. of this Work is in preparation,
and will probably be published in the course of the
year 1889.
CATALOGUE
OF THE
B I R D S
IN THE
B R IT IS H M U S E U M.
WOLUME XIV.
L ON DO N :
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
1888,


&/º/,
(Øc/, //, /£ff.
<=–,
CATALOGUE
OF THE
P A S S E R I F O R M E S.
OR
PERCHING BIRDS,
IN THE
C O L L E C T I O N
OF THE
BRITISH MUSEUM.
O LIGO MY O D AE,
oR THE FAMILIES
TYRANNIDAE, OXYRELAMPHIDAE, PIPRIDAE, COTINGIDAE,
PHYTOTOMIDAE, PHILEPITTIDAE, PITTIDAE,
XENICIDAE, AND EURYLAEMIDAE.
BY
PHILIP LUTLEY SCLATER.
L ON DO N :
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES,
1888.
PRINTED BY TAY LOIR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
PREF A C E.
-º-º-º-º-º-rº zºº-ºº ºvzºº.º. ºf
To accelerate the progress of this work, it has been found advisable
to publish the present volume in advance of the thirteenth. The
manuscript of the latter is in course of preparation, but is not
expected to be completed before 1889. However, as its limits are
well-defined, comprising the remainder of the Acromyodian
Passeres, no confusion can arise from this break in the series of
volumes, and any inconvenience which may be caused by it will be
of a merely temporary nature.
ALBERT GüNTHER,
Keeper of the Department of Zoology.
British Museum (N. H.), *
May 17, 1888.
INTRODUCTION.
My ornithological studies having been principally devoted to South-
American Birds, I had little hesitation in acceding to Dr. Günther’s
request that I should prepare the Catalogue of the Mesomyodian
Passeres in the Collection of the British Museum. Of the thirteen
families that belong to this section of the Passerine group, nine are
exclusively Neotropical, and these nine families embrace by far the
greatest number of specific forms, the four Mesomyodian families
as yet recognized in the Old World being comparatively insig-
nificant in point of numbers. My subject was, therefore, sufficiently
familiar to me.
At the same time some of the groups to be treated of—I may
point especially to the Tyrannidae—are universally allowed to be
amongst the most difficult portions of the class of Birds for satis-
factory determination. I felt, therefore, that in the short time
that could necessarily be allowed me for the completion of my task
I had no easy duty to perform.
The Mesomyodian Passeres, according to Garrod's arrangement,
fall readily into two great sections, in one of which the syrina,
remains nearly as in the typical Oscines, but with a lesser number
of singing-muscles; while in the other, as first shown by the great
anatomist Johannes Müller, the lower end of the trachea is specially
modified to form an organ of voice. In the present volume the
forms belonging to the first of these sections (Oligomyoda) are
treated of. They are here arranged in nine families, the first five
of which belong exclusively to the New World, while the last four
are restricted to the three Southern regions of the Old World.
In dealing with the five Neogean families–Tyrannidae, Oay-
rhamphidae, Pippidae, Cotingidae, and Phytotomidae—I have followed
throughout, with very few exceptions, the divisions and arrange-
viii INTRODUCTION.
mont adopted by Mr. Salvin and myself in our ‘Nomenclator
Avium Neotropicalium,’ published in 1873. It would have been
better, no doubt, in some respects to have attempted a thorough
revision of these groups; but I felt that the short time assigned to
me for the preparation of the present volume and the comparatively
little leisure I had to devote to it would not give me a chance of
performing this revision satisfactorily. This, therefore, I must
leavo to some younger and better qualified worker to perform.
Nevertheless, after sorting the large material belonging to these
groups now in the Collection of the British Museum, and reducing
them into the order of the “Nomenclator,” I feel that I have
accomplished a not unsatisfactory piece of work, and one that will
enable the ornithologist of the future, who may wish to take in hand
a real monograph of these difficult groups, to start with much
greater advantage. For myself I am contont to have produced, not
a monograph, but a catalogue.
The total number of specimens of Mesomyodian Passeres in the
Collection of the British Museum, as enumerated in the present
volume, is 7360. These I have referred to 665 species, leaving only
38 species recognized as probably valid, but unrepresented in the
Collection. The series of specimens is generally very complete, and
the range of the species is in most cases admirably shown by the
localities affixed to them. For this very valuable feature the
Museum is mainly indebted to the Salvin-Godman Collection, with
its unrivalled set of specimens directly obtained from the collectors.
The number of actual “types” of species in the families treated of
in the present volume is 161, besides which there are a considerable
number of “authentic ’’ specimens—that is, such as have been
obtained in the same locality and by the same collector as the types
themselves, and are accordingly of nearly equal value.
I have now only to thank the many valued friends and corre-
spondents who have assisted me during the progress of the present
volume, both by the loan of specimens for comparison and by
affording me information on difficult points. Amongst these I must
specially mention the names of Dr. G. Hartlaub of Bremen, Herr
August von Pelzeln of Vienna, MM. Alphonse Milne-Edwards and
E. Oustalet of Paris, M. Taczanowski of Warsaw, Hams, Graf von
Berlepsch of Muendon, Dr. F. A. Jentink of Leyden, Mr. Jouy
of Washington, and Sir Walter Buller.
Mr. G. N. Lawrence, of New York, was kind enough to send all
his types of Tyrannidae across the Atlantic for examination ; and
INTRODUCTION. ix
Mr. Ridgway, of the U.S. National Museum, Washington, has
rendered me material assistance in working out some of the genera
of the same difficult group.
Finally, I must again ask to be allowed to record the great
obligations which I am under to Messrs. Salvin and Godman, who
have permitted me to remove to my own rooms and examine the
whole of their specimens before transferring them to the British
Museum. This great boon has materially lightened my labours in
the composition of the present volume, and the same kind indulgence
has been shown to me as regards the remainder of the Mesomyodian
Passeres, which are to be catalogued in the next volume.
P. L. SCLATER.
3 Hanover Square,
May 12, 1888.

SYSTEMATIC
INDEX,
Order P A S S E R IF O R. M. E. S.
Suborder PASSERES.
Division MESOMYODI.
Subdiv. OLIGOMYODAE.
Fam. I. TY R A N N ID AE.
Subfam. I. TAENIOPTERINAE.
1. Agriornis, Gould . . . . . . . .
livida, Kittl. . . . . . . .
. striata, Gould . . . . . . . .
. andecola, d'Orb. . . . . . .
. montana, d'Orb. et Lafr.
. maritima, d'Orb. et Lafr.
. pollens, Scl. . . . . . . . . . .
. insolens, Scl. & Salo.
8. solitaria, Scl. . . . . . . . . . .
2. Myiotheretes, Reichenb.
1. rufiventris, Vieill. . . . . . .
2. erythropygius, Scl. . . . .
3. striaticollis, Sel. . . . . . .
3. Taenioptera, Bp. . . . . . . . .
, nengeta, Linn. . . . . . . . .
. coronata, Vieill.
velata, Licht. . . . . . . . .
dominicama, Vieill. . . . .
irupero, Vieill. . . . . . . . .
. holospodia, Scl.
. pyrope, Kittl. . . . . . . . .
, murina, d'Orb. . . . . . . . .
. rubetra, Burm. . . . . . . . .
4. Ochthodiaeta, Cab. et Hein. .
te . fumigatus, Boiss. . . . . . .
. lugubris, Berl. . . . . . . . .
3. Signatus, Tacº. . . . . . . .
4. fusco-rufus, Scl. et Salv.
5. Ochthoeca, Cab. . . . . . . . . . .
1. fumicolor, Scl. . . . . . . . .
2. superciliosa, Sel, et Salv,
W
i
a & e º 'º º
e e º 'º e º
:
{
To
P
&l
g
Q
oenanthoides, d'Orb. et
Lafº. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. polionota, Scl. et Salv. . .
. leucometopa, Sel. et Salv.
leucophrys, d'Orb, et
Lºft'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
albidiema, Lafº. . . . . . .
. citrinifrons, Sel. . . . . . .
. pulchella, Sel, et Salv. . .
10. rufipectoralis, d'Orb. et
Lafº. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
lessoni, Scl. . . . . . . . . . .
poliogastra, Salv. et
Godm.
t
;
11.
12.
- 13.
14.
15
16.
17.
thoracica, Tacz. . . . . . .
nigrita, Sel. et Salv. . . . .
Salvini, Tacz. . . . . . . . .
rufimarginata, Lawr. . .
18, diadema, Hartl.
19, gratiosa, Sel.
6. Mecocerculus, Scl. . . . . . . . .
1. leucophrys, d'Orb. et
Lafr, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2, uropygialis, Lawr. . . . .
--3. Stictopterus, Scl. . . . . . .
4, calopterus, Scl. . . . . . . . .
5. poecilocercus, Scl. et Salv.
6. consobrinus, Berl.
7. Ochthornis, Scl. . . . . . . . . . .
1. littoralis, Pelz. . . . . . . . .
8. Sayornis, Bp
tº e º a w $ sº e a v e º e
2. nigricans, Sw. . . . . . . . .
3. aquatica, Scl. et Salv. . .
4. cineracea, Lafr.
9. Fluvicola, Sw.
1. pica, Bodd. . . . . . . . . . .
2. albiventris, Spîr . . . . . .
3. climacura, Vieill. . .
4, atripennis, Sel
* * * * * * * * *
* * * * e e
* * * * * * * * * *
cinnamomeiventris, Lafr.
Page
20
20
21
21
22
22
22
23
23
27
xii SYS TEM.ATIC INDEX.
<f Page Page
10. Arundinicola, d'Orb. . . . . 37
1. leucocephala, Linn. . . . . 37 || Subfam, II, PLATYRHYNCHINAR.
11. Alectrurus, Vieill. . . . . . . 38 22. Platyrhynchus, Desm..... 64
1. tricolor, Vieill. . . . . . . . . 39 1. rostratus, Lath. . . . . . . 65
4% risorius, Vieill. . . . . . . . . 39 2. Senex, Scl. et Salv. . . . . 65
12. Cybernetes, Cab. et Hein... 40 3. flavigularis, Sol. . . . . . . 65
1. yetapa, Vieill. . . . . . . . . 40, 4. Saturatus, Salv. et Godm. 66
13. Sisopygis. Cab. et Hein. . . 41 5. cancrominus, Sol. et Salv. 66
J: icterophrys, Vieill. . . . . 41 | 6. albogularis, Sel. . . . . . . 67
14. Cnipolegus, Boie . . . . . . . . 42 7. mystaceus, Vieill... . . . . . 67
1. comatus, Licht. . . . . . . 43 8. Coronatus, Scl. . . . . . . . . 68
2. nigerrimus, Vieill. . . . . 43 9. Superciliaris, Lawr. . . . . 68
3. aterrimus, Kaup . . . . . . 44 || 23. Todirostrum, Less. . . . . . . 69
4. anthracinus, Heine . . . . 44 1. cinereum, Linn. . . . . . . 69
5. hudsoni, Scl. . . . . . . . . . . 45 2. Sclateri, Cab. et Hein. .. 71
6. cyanirostiis, Vieill. . . . . 46 3. chrysocrotaphum,Strickl. 71
7. unicolor, Kaup. . . . . . . . 47 4. poliocephalum, Mar. . . 71
8, pusillus, Scl. et Salv. . . 47 5. nigriceps, Scl. . . . . . . . . 72
9. Orenocensis, Berl. . . . . 47 6. Calopterum, Sel. . . . . . . 72
10, cabanisi, Schulz . . . . . . 47 7, pulchellum, Sel. . . . . . . 72
11. cinereus, Scl. . . . . . . . . 47 8. guttatum, Pelz. . . . . . . . . 73
15. Tichenops, Sund. . . . . . . . . 48 9. maculatum, Desm. . . . . 73
1. perspicillata, Gm. . . . . 48 || - 10. Signatum, Sel, et Salv... 74
16. Muscipipra, Less. . . . . . . . . 49 11, Schistaceiceps, Sel. . . . . 74
1. vetula, Licht. . . . . . . . . 49 12. picatum, Scl. . . . . . . . . 74
17°Copurus, Strickl. . . . . . . . . 50 13, capitale, Scl. . . . . . . . . . . 75
1. colonus, Vieill. . . . . . . . . 50 14. ruficeps, Kaup . . . . . . . . 75
2. leuconotus, Lafº. . . . . . . 51 15. rufigene, Scl. et Salv. .. 76
18. Machetormis, Gray . . . . . . 52 || 16, lenzi, Berl. . . . . . . . . . . 76
1. Tixosa, Vieill. . . . . . . . . 52 24: Oncostôma, Sel. . . . . . . . . 76
19. (Muscisaxicola, d'Orb. et 1. cinereigulare, Sel... . . . . . 77
Lºft'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 2. olivaceum, Lawr. . . . . . . 77
1. albifrons, Tsch. . . . . . . 54 || 25. Euscarthmus, Maw. . . . . . . 78
2. alpina, Jard. . . . . . . . . . . 54 1. nidipendulus, Maa. . . . . 78
3. grisea, Tacz. . . . . . . . . . . 55 ~2. Zosterops, Pelz. . . . . . . . . 79
4. nigrifrons, Phil. et Landb. 55 3. Orbitatus, Maw. . . . . . . 79
5, cinerea, Phil. et Landb. , 55 - 4. fumifrons, Hartl. . . . . . . 79
6. macloviama, Garm. . . . . 56 5. pelzelmi, Sol. et Salo. . , 80
7. flavinucha, Lafr. . . . . . . 57 6. margaritaceiventer,d'Orb.
8. rubricapilla, Phil. et et Lafº. . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Landb. . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 7. latirostris, Pelz. . . . . . . 81
9. juminensis, Tacz. . . . . . . 58 8. gularis, Temm. . . . . . . . . 81
10. rufivertex, d'Orb. et Lafº. 58 9. rufigularis, Cab. . . . . . . 82
11. maculirostris, d'Orb. et 10. Tussatus, Salv. et Godm. 82
Lafº. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 11. granadensis, Hartl. . . . . 82
12, fluviatilis, Sel. et Salv. , 59 12, pyrrhops, Cab. . . . . . . . . 83
13, rufipennis, Tacz. . . . . . . 60 | - 13, striaticollis, Lafr. . . . . 83
s 20. Centrites, Cab. . . . . . . . . . . (30 14, impiger, Scl. et Salv. .. 84
1. niger, Bodd. . . . . . . . . . . 61 15, inornatus, Pelz. . . . . . . 84
2. Oreas, Scl. et Salv. . . . . . . 62 26. Ceratotriccus, Cab. . . . . . . 85
A 21. Muscigralla, d'Orb. et 1. furcatus, Lafº. . . . . . . . . 85
Lºft'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 27. Pseudotriccus, Tacz, et
1, brevicauda, d'Orb. et Berl. . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Lºft'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 \}; pelzelni, Tacz. et Berſ. , 85
28. Caenotriccus, Scl... . . . . . . . 86
-1, ruficeps, Lafr, . . . . . . . . 86
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
Page V Page
• 29. Lophotriccus, Berl. . . . . . . 86 || 43. Mionectes, Cab. . . . . . . . . 111
1. spicifer, Lafr. . . . . . . . . 87 1. striaticollis, d'Orb. et
2. Squamicristatus, Lafr... 87 Lafº. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
N 30. Orchilus, Cab. . . . . . . . . . . 88 2. olivaceus, Lawr. . . . . . . 112
1. auricularis, Vieill. . . 88 3. oleagineus, Licht. . . . . . . 112
2. ecaudatus, d'Orb. et Lafr. 89 4. rufiventris, Licht. . . . . . . 114
3. atricapillus, Lawr. . . . . 89 || 44. Leptopogon, Cab. . . . . . . . 114
v 31. Colopterus, Cab. . . . . . . . . 90 1. superciliaris, Cab. . . . . . . 115
1. pilaris, Cab. . . . . . . . . . . 90 2. minor, Tacz. . . . . . . . 115
2. galeatus, Bodd. . . . . . . 91 3. poecilotis, Scl. . . . . . . . . 116
J 32. Hemitriccus, Cab. et Heim. 91 4. godmani, Scl. . . . . . . . . 116
1. diops, Temm. . . . . . . . 91 5, pileatus, Scl. . . . . . . . . . . 116
V 33. Phylloscartes, Cab. et Hein. 92 6. amaurocephalus, Cab. . . 117
1. ventralis, Temm. . . . . . . 92 7. tristis, Scl. . . . . . . . . . . 118
2. 34, Hapalocercus, Cah. . . . . . . 93 8. Oustaleti, Scl. . . . . . . . . 118
1. meloryphus, Maz. 93 9. flavovirens, Lawr. . . . . 119
2. fulviceps, Sel. . . . . . . . . 9.4 10. erythrops, Sel. . . . . . . . . 119
3. flaviventris, ' d'Orb, et 11. nigrifrons, Salv. et Godm. 119
Lºft'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 45. Capsiempis, Cab. et Hein. 120
4. acutipennis, Scl. et Salv. 95 1. flaveola, Licht. . . . . . . . . 120
35. Habrura, Cab. et Hein. . . 96 2. orbitalis, Cab. . . . . . . . . 121
1. pectoralis, Vieill. . . 96 46. Phyllomyias, Cab. et Hein. 121
36. §. Sto. . . . . . . . . 97 1. brevirostris, Spiv. . . . . . 121
1. Stenura, Temm. . . . . . . 97 2. burmeisteri, Cab. et Hein. 122
Y37. Pogonotriccus, Cab. et Hein. 97 3. griseocapilla, Lafr. . . . . 122
1. eximius, Temm . . . . . . 98 4. berlepschi, Scl. . . . . . . . . 123
2, ophthalmicus. Tacz. 98 47. Myiop tis, Cab. et Hein... 123
3. gualaquizae, Sel. . . . . . . 99 1. semifusca, Sel. . . . . . . . . 123
4. plumbeiceps, Lawr. . . . . 99 2. tumbezana, Tacz. . . . . . . 124
38. Leptotriccus, Cab. et Hein. 99 48. Ornithion, Hartſ. . . . . . . 125
1. Sylviola, Licht. . . . . . . . . 99 1. inerme, Hart!. . . . . . . . . 12.5
2. Superciliaris, Scl. et 2. pusillum, Cab. et Hein. 126
Salv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 3. imberbe, Scl. . . . . . . . . . . 126
N39. Stigmatura, Sol. et Salv. ... 100 4. obsoletum, Temm. . 127
1. budytoides, d'Orb. et ° 49. Tyrannulus, Vieill. . . . . . . 12S
Lºft'. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 1. elatus, Lath. . . . . . . . . . . 128
\. 2. flavo-cinerea, Burm. ... 101 2. semiflavus, Scl. et Salv. 129
– 40. Serphophaga, Gould . . . 101 3. brunneicapillus, Lawr... 129
1. subcristata, Vieill. . . . . 102 || 50. Tyranniscus, Cab. et Hein. 130
2. albogrisea, Scl. et Salv. 103 l. nigricapillus, Lafr. . . . . 131
3. cinerea, Strickl. . . . . . . 103 2. cinereiceps, Sct. . . . . . . 131
4. hypoleuca, Sel. et Salo... 104 3. Vilissimus, Scl. et Salv. 132
5. nigricans, Pieill. . . . . . . 104 4. parvus, Lawr. . . . . . . . . 132
(3. subflava, Sel. et Salv. ... 105 5. improbus, Sel. et Salv... 133
N 7. parvirostris, Gould . . . , 105 6. gracilipes, Scl. et Salv. . . 133
- 41. Anaeretes, Reichenb. . . . . 106 7. acer, Salv, et Godm. 133
1. parulus, Kittl. . . . . . . . . 106 8, griseiceps, Scl. et Salv... 134
2. fermandezianus, Phil. . . 107 9. bolivianus, d'Orb. 134
3. albocristatus, Tig. . . . . 107 10. chrysops, Scl. . . . . . . . . 13.5
4. flavirostris, Sel. et Salo. 108 || 11. leucogonys, Sel. et Salo. 136
5, agilis, Sel. . . . . . . . . . . . . IOS 51. Elainea, Sund. . . . . . . . . . . 136
1. pagana, Licht. . . . . . . . . 137
Subfam. III, ELAINEIN.E. 2. ridleyana, Sharpe. . . . . . 139
- 3. gigas, Sel. . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Y 42, Cyanotis, Sw. . . . . . . . . . . 109 4. martinica, Linn. . . . . . . 14]
1. azarae, Lichf. . . . . . . . . 11() 5. albiceps, d'Orb, et Lafr. 141
xiv.
SYSTEM.ATIC INDEX.
Page
6, strepera, Cab. . . . . . . . . 143
7. hypospodia, Sel. . . . . . . 144
8, taczanowski, Berl. . . . . 144
9. leucospodia, Tacz. . 144
10. frantzii, Lawr. . . . . . . . . 145
11. olivina, Saly, et Godm. 146
12, pallatangie, Sel. . . . . . . 146
13, fallax, Scl. . . . . . . . . . . 147
14. placens, Sel. . . . . . . . . . . 148
15. Subplacens, Scl. . . . . . . 149
16. cotta, Gosse . . . . . . . . . . 149
17. gainiardi, d'Orb. . . . . . . 150
18. flavivertex, Sol. . . . . . . 151
19. Caniceps, Sto. . . . . . . . . 151
20. ruficeps, Pel:. . . . . . . . . 152
21. obscura, Lafr, et d’Orb. 152
22, mesoleuca, Cab. et Hein. 153
23. arenarum, Salv. . . . . . . 153
24, affinis, Burm. . . . . . . . . 154
52, Empidagra, Cab. et Hein, 154
1. Suiriri, Vieill. . . . . . . . . 154
2. brevirostris, Tsch. . 155
53. Legatus, Scl. . . . . . . . . . . 155
1. albicollis, Vieill. . . . . . . 155
54. Sublegatus, Sel. et Salv. . . 157
1. glaber, Sel. et Salv. . . . . 157
65. Myiobius, Gray
1
58. Pitangus, Sw, . . . . . . . . . .
. derbianus, Kaup
, sulphuratus, Linn. . . . .
. bolivianus, Lafr. . . . . . .
. lictor, Licht. . . . . . . . . . .
parvus, Pei:. . . . . . . . . . .
, albovittatus, Lawr. . . . .
. caudifasciatus, d'Orb. . .
. bahamensis, Bryant
. taylori, Sund, . . . . . . . .
s 10, gabbi, Lawr. . . . . . . . . . .
59. Sirystes, Cab. et IIein. . . . .
1. sibilator, Vieill. . . . . . .
2. albocinereus, Scl. et Salv.
, 3, albogriseus, Lawr. . . . .
'60. Myiodynastes, Bp. . . . . . .
1. luteiventris, Bp. . . . . . .
2. nobilis, Scl. . . . . . . . . . .
3. audax, Gºn. . . . . . . . . . .
4. solitarius, Vieill. . . . . . .
5. bairdi, Gamb. . . . . . . . .
6. chrysocephalus, Tsch. . .
7, hemichrysus, Cab. . . . .
* * * * * *
Subfam. IV. TYRANNINAE.
61. Megarhynchus, Thunb. . .
J. pitangua, Linn. . . . . . .
62. Muscivora, Cuv. . . . . . . . .
1. regia, Gºn. . . . . . . . . .
3. mexicana, Sel. . . . . . . . .
4. Occidentalis, Scl. . . . . . .
63. Hirundimea, d'Orb, et Lafr.
1. ferruginea, Gm. . . . . . .
2. Sclateri, Reinh. . . . . . . . .
3, bellicosa, Vieill. . . . . . .
64, Cnipodectes, Sel, et Salv...
1. subbrunneus, Scl. . . . . . .
2. minor, Scl.
. barbatus, Gm. . . . . . . . .
2. Sulphureipygius, Scl. . .
3. villosus, Sel. . . . . . . . . . .
4, cinnamomeus, d'Orb, et
Lafº, . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. vieillotides, Lafr. . . . . . .
6. erythrurus, Cab. . . . . . .
7. rufescens, Salvad. . . . . . .
8. Ornatus, Lafº. . . . . . . . .
9. Stellatus, Cab. . . . . . . . .
10, phoenicurus, Scl. . . . . . .
11. aureiventris, Sel. . . . . . .
12, flavicans, Scl. . . . . . . . .
13. phoenicomitra, Tacz, et
Berl. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
superciliosus, Tacz. . . .
14.
I85
185
186
187
188
189
^
2, griseocularis, Sel. et Salv. 158
3. platyrhynchus, Sel, et
2- Salv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
55. Myiozetetes, Sel. . . . . . . . . 159
1. erythropterus, Lafr. . . 159
2. cayennensis, Linn. . . . . 160
3. similis, Spin . . . . . . 161
4. texemsis, Giraud . . . . . . 162
5. granadensis, Lawr. . . . . 163
6. Sulphureus, Spiv . . . . . . 164
7. luteiventris, Scl. . . . . . . 164
56. Rhynchocyclus, Cab, et
Bein. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
1. olivaceus, Temºz. . . . . . . 165
2. aequinoctialis, Scl. . 166
3. brevirostris, Cab. . . . . . . 166
4. fulvipectus, Scl. . . . . . . 1(37
5. Sulphurescens, Spiv. ... 168
6. peruvianus, Tacz. . . . . . . 169
7. cinereiceps, Sel. . . . . . . 169
8. megacephalus, Sw. . . . . 170
9. poliocephalus, Pelz. . . . . 171
10, viridiceps, Scl. et Salv... 171
11. flaviventris, Mav. 171
12. ruficauda, Spiv . . . . . . 172
57. Comopias, Cab, et Hein. . . 173
1. trivirgata, Maa. . . . . . . 17:3
2. inornata, Lawr. . . . . . 174
3. cinchoneti, Tsch. . . . . . . 174
19]
192
192
193
194
195
195
195
I96
197
197
197
198
199
200
201
202
202
203
204
204
205
205
205
206
206
SYSTEM ATIC IN DE Y. XV
Page v Page
15. pulcher, Sel. . . . . . . . . . . 207 || 72. Blacicus, Cab. . . . . . . . . . . 241
16. bellus, Sel. . . . . . . . . . . 207 1. baham insis, Bryant . . 242
17. Subochraceus, Sel. . . . . 208 2. caribaeus, d Orb. . . . . . . 242
18, roraimae, Salv. et Godm. 208 3. hispaniolensis, Bryant. . 242
19. naevius, Bodd. . . . . . . . . 209 4. pallidus, Goss”. . . . . . . . 243
20. crypterythrus, Sel. . . . . 210 5. blancoi, Gundl. . . . . . . 243
21, cryptoxanthus, Sel. . . . . 211 6. brunneicapillus, Lawr. . 243
V 66. Pyrocephalus, Gould . . . . 211 7. latirostris, Very'. . . . . . . 244
1. rubineus, Bodd. . . . . . . 21] 8. barbirostris, Sw. . . . . . . 244
2. mexicanus, Sel. . . . . . . 213 | 73. Myiochanes, Cab. et Hein. 245
3. nanus, Gould . . . . . . . 214 1. cinereus, Spiv . . . . . . . . 245
4. obscurus, Gould . . . . . . 2}5 2. nigrescens, Sel. et Salv. . 246
\ 67. Empidochanes, Sel. . . . . . . 216 ||Y74. Myiarchus, Cab. . . . . . . . 246
1. fuscatus, Mac. . . . . . . . . 216 1. Crimitus, Linn. . . . . . . . . 2.47
2, fringillaris, Pelz. . . . . . . 216 2. cinerascens, Lawr. . . . . 248
3. arenaceus, Sel. et Saly... 217 3. nuttingi, Ridgw. . . . . . . 250
4. poecilurus, Sel. . . . . . . . . 217 4. mexicanus, Kaup . . . . 250
5. Salvini, Scl. . . . . . . . . . . 218 5. tyrannulus, Mull. . . . . 251
, 68. Mitrephanes, Cowes . . . . . . 218 6. validus, Cab. . . . . . . . . 252
1. phaeocercus, Scl. . . . . . . 219 7. ferox, Gºn. . . . . . . . . 253
2. aurantiiventris, Lawr. . . 219 8. cephalotes, Tacº. . . . . . . 254
3. ochraceiventris, Cab. . . 220 9. pelzelni, Berl. . . . . . . . 255
4. capitalis, Salv. . . . . . . . . 220 10, phaeonotus, Salv. et
5. atriceps, Salv. . . . . . . . . 220 Godin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
v 69, Empidonax, Cab. . . . . . . 221 11. phaeocephalus, Sch. . . . . 255
1. fulvifrons, Giraud . . . . 222 12. apicalis, Sel. et Salv. . . 256
2. albigularis, Sel, et Salv. 223 13. lawrencii, Giraud . . . . 256
3. bimaculatus, d'Orb. et 14. nigricapillus, Sel. . . . . 257
Lafº. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 15. nigriceps, Scl. . . . . . . . . 258
4. oliva, Bodd. . . . . . . . . . . 224 16. atriceps, Cab. . . . . . . . . 259
5. griseipectus, Lawr. . . . . 225 17. tricolor, Pel:. . . . . . . . . 259
6. pusillus, Sw. . . . . . . . . 225 18, yucatanensis, Lawr. . . 260
7. trailli, Aud. . . . . . . . . . . 226 19. dominicensis, Bryant . . 260
8. ridgwayi, Scl. . . . . . . . . 227 20, stolidus, Gosse . . . . . . . . 260
9. minimus, Baird . . . . . . 227 21. Sagrae, Gundl. . . . . . . . . 261
10. acadicus, Gm. . . . . . . . 22S 22. antillarum, Bryant . . . . 262
11. difficilis, Baird. . . . . . . . 229 23. magnirostris, Gray . . . . 262
12, flaviventris, Baird . . . . 230 24. flammulatus, Lawr. . . .263
13. bairdi, Sel. . . . . . . . . . . 230 25. Semirufus, Scl. . . . . . . . . 263
14. salvini, Ridgw. . . . . . . 231 || 75. Empidias, Cab. et Hein... 264
15, flavescens, Lawr. . . . . 231 1. fuscus, Gm. . . . . . . . . . . 264
16, hammondi, De Vesey . . 232 76. Empidomomus, Cab. et
17. obscurus, Sw. . . . . . . . . 232 Bein. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
V 70. Lawrencia, Ridgw. . . . . . . 233 l. varius, Vieill. . . . . . . . 265
1. mana, Lawr. . . . . . . . . . . 233 2. aurantio-atro-cristatus,
V 71. Contopus, Cab. . . . . . . . . 234 d'Orb. et Lafr. . . . . . . 266
1. borealis, Sto. . . . . . . . . 234 || 77. Tyrannus, Cuv. . . . . . . . . 267
2. pertinax, Cab. et Hein. . 235 1. pipiri, T'ieill. . . . . . . . . 267
3. lugubris, Lawr. . . . . . . 236 2. verticalis, Say . . . . . . . . 2(9
4. brachyrhynchus, Cab. . . 236 3. vociferans, Sw . . . . . . 269
5. ardesiacus, Lafr. . . . . . . 237 4. niveigularis, Sol. . . . . . . 270
6. ochraceus, Scl. et Sale... 237 5. crassirostris, Sw. . . . . . . 27]
7. virens, Linn. . . . . . . . .238 6. griseus, Pieill. . . . . . . . . 271
8. richardsoni, Sw. . . . . . . 239 7. rostratus, Scl. . . . . . . . . 273
9, brachytarsus, Sel. . . . . 240 8. magnirostris, d'Orb. . . 273
9, melancholicus, Vieill. , , 273
xvi
SYSTEMIATIC INI).EX.
- Page
10. apolites, Cab. et Heim. . . 276
11. albogularis, Burm. . . . . 276
V 78. Milvulus, Swains. . . . . . . 277
1. tyrannus, Linn. . . . . . . 277
2. forficatus, Gm. . . . . . . 279
Fam. II. Oxy R H A M P HID E.
1. Oxyrhamphus, Strickl. . . . . 280
1. flammiceps, Temm. . . . . 281
2. frater, Sel. et Salv. . . . . 281
3. hypoglaucus, Salv, et
Godm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Fam. III. PIP RI D AE.
Subfam. I. PIPRINAE.
v 1. Piprites, Cab. . . . . . . . . . . 283
1. pileatus, Temm. . . . 284
2. chloris, Temim. . . . . . . 284
3. tschudii, Cab. . . . . . . . . 284
4. chlorion, Cab. . . . . . . . . 285
5, griseiceps, Salv. . . . . . 285
v 2. Chloropipo, Cab. et Hein. . . 286
1. flavicapilla, Scl. 286
2. uniformis, Salv. et Godm. 286
3. holochlora, Scl. . . . . . . 287
v. 3. Xenopipo, Cab. . . . . . . . . . . 287
1. atronitems, Cab. . . . . . . 287
: 4. Ceratopipra, Bonap. . . . . . . 2S8
1, cornuta, Spiv . . . . . . . . 288
2. iracunda, Salp. et Godm. 288
v 5. Cirrhopipra, Bonap. . . . . . . 289
1. filicauda, Spia . . . . . . . . 289
2. heterocerca, Scl. . . . . . . 289
v. 6. Metopia, Swains. . . . . . . . 290
1. º Licht. . . . . . . . 290
7. Masius, Bonap. . . . . . . . . . . 290
1, chrysopterus, Lafr. . . . . 291
2 coromulatus, Scl. . . . . . . 29]
, 8. Metopothrix, Scl. . . . . . . . . 292
1. aurantiacus, Scl. et Salv. 292
9. Pipra, Löw. . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
1. aureola, Linn. . . . . . . . . .293
2. flavicollis, Scl. . . . . . . . . 294
3. fasciata, d'Orb, et Lafº. 294
4. rublicapilla, Briss. . . . . 295
5, chloromeros, Tschudi . . 295
6. mentalis, Scl. . . . . . . . . 295
7. auricapilla, Briss. , 296
8. leucocilla, Linn. . . . . . . 297
9. isidori, Sel. . . . . . . . . . . 298
10. velutina, Berl. . . . . . . . . 290
11. cyaneocapilla, Hahn et
Rust. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
12. caeruleocapilla, Tschudi. 300
10
v. 11.
y 15
y 16
17.
v 19,
Page
13. Serena, Linn. . . . . . . . . 300
14. suavissima, Salv, et
Godm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
15. gutturalis, Linn. . . . . . . 30]
16. leucorrhoa, Scl. . . . . . . 301
17, mattereri, Scl. . . . . . . . . 302
18. virescens, Pel:. . . . . . . . . 302
, Neopipo, Sol, et Salv. . . . . 303
1. cinnamomea, Lawr. 303
Machaeropterus, Bonap... 303
1. regulus, Hahn et Kust. .. 304
2. striolatus, Bonap. 304
3. pyrocephalus, Scl. 305
4. deliciosus, Sel. . . . . . . . . 305
. Chiroxiphia, Cab. . . . . . . 307
1, paredla, Linn. . . . . . . . . 307
2. regina, Natt. . . . . . . . . 308
3. lanceolata, Wagl. 309
4, linearis, Bonap. . . . . . . 309
5, caudata, Shaw . . . . . . . . 310
Helicura, Sel. . . . . . . . . . . 3.11
1. militaris, Shaw. . . . . . . . 3.11
, Chiromachaeris, Cab. . . . . 312
1. manacus, Linn. . . . . . . 313
2. gutturosa, Desm. . . . . . . 3].3
3. candaei, Parzud. . . . . . . 314
4. flaveola, Cass. . . . . . . . . 315
5. Vitellina, Gould . . . . . . 315
6. aurantiaca, Saly. . . . . . . .316
7. coronata, Boucard . . . . 316
Subfam. II. PTILoch LoRINAE.
. Ptilochloris, Swains. . . . . .317
1. Squamata, Mav. . . . . . . .317
2. buckleyi, Sel. et Salv. . . 318
. Heteropelma, Bonap. . . . . 318
1. turdinum, Maa. . . . . . . 319
2. wallacii, Sel, et Salv. . , 319
3. amazonum, Scl. . . . . . 320
4. Stenorhynchum, Scl. et
Salv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
5. veræ-pacis, Scl. . . . . . . 320
6. virescens, Maa". . . . . . . 321
7, flavicapillum, Sol. ... 321
8. chrysocephalum, Pel:... 322
9. igniceps, Scl. . . . . . . . . 322
Schiffornis, Bonap. . . .322
1. major, Bonap. . . . . . . . 323
2. rufa, Pelz. . . . . . . . . . . 323
. Neopelma, Scl. . . . . . . . . 323
1. aurifrons, Mav. . . . . . . 323
Heterocercus, Scl. . . . . . . 324
1. linteatus, Strickl. . 324
2. flavivertex, Pelz. . . . . . . 325
3. aurantiivertex, Sci. et
Salo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
SYSTEMATIAE INDEX. xvii
Fam. IV. CoTING ID AE.
Subfam. I. TITYRINAE.
1. Tityra, Vieill. . . . . . . . . . .
1. Cayana, Linn. . . . . . . . .
2. brasiliensis, Swains.
3. semifasciata, Spîr . .
4. inquisitor, Licht. . . . . . .
5. albitorques, Dubus . . . .
2. Hadrostomus, Cab. et Hein. 333
1. atricapillus, Vieill. . . . . .333
2. niger, Gmel. . . . . . . . . . . 334
3. homochrous, Scl. . . . . . . 334
4. albiventris, Lawr. 335
5, aglaiae, Lafº. . . . . . . . . 33.5
6, minor, Less. . . . . . . . . . . 337
3. Pachyrhamphus, Gray. . . . 337
J. viridis, Vieill. . . . . . . . . 338
2. griseigularis, Salv. et
Godm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
3. versicolor, Hartl. 339
4. Surinamus, Linn. . . . . . . 340
5. cinereus, Bodd. . . . . . . 341
6. Spodiurus, Sel. . . . . . . . . 341
7. cinnamomeus, Lawr. . . .342
8. rufus, Bodd. . . . . . . . . 343
9. niger, Spěv . . . . . . . . . . 343
10, cinereiventris, Sel. . . . . 344
11. polychropterus, Vieill... 345
12. Imajor, Cab. . . . . . . . . . . 346
13. albogriseus, Scl. . . . . . . 347
14. atricapillus, Gmel. 347
Subfam. II. LIPAUGINAE.
4. Chirocylla, Sel. et Salv. .. 349
1, uropygialis, Sel, et Salv. 350
5. Lathria, Swains. . . . . . . . . 350
1. fuscocinerea, Lafr. . . . . 350
2. virussu, Pelz. . . . . . . . . 351
3. plumbea, Licht. . . . . . . 351
4. cinerea, Vieill. . . . . . . . . 352
5. Streptophora, Salv. et
Godm. . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
6. umirufa, Sel. . . . . . . . . . . 353
7. Subalaris, Scl. . . . . . . . . 3.53
8. cryptolopha, Sel. et Salv. 354
6. Aulia, Bonap. . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
1. hypopyrrha, Vieill. . . . . 354
2. rufescens, Scl. . . . . . . . . 355
7. Lipaugus, Boie . . . . . . . . . . 356
1. simplex, Licht. . . . . . . . . 356
2. immundus, Sel. et Salv. 357
3. holerythrus, Scl. et Salv. 357
WOL. XIV.
Subfam. III. ATTILINAE.
e Page
8. Attila, Less. . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
1, brasiliensis, Less. . . . . . . 359
2. uropygialis, Cab. . . . . . . 360
3. Spodiostethus, Salv. et
Godm. . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
4. Sclateri, Lawr. . . . . . . . . 361
5. citreopygius, Bonap. . . .361
6. Cozumelae, Ridgw. . . . . 362
7. Spadiceus, Gmel. . . . . . . 362
8. cinereus, Gmel. . . . . . . 363
9. citriniventris, Scl. . . . . 363
10. validus, Pelz. . . . . . . . . 364
11. thamnophiloides, Spir. .. 364
12. torridus, Sel. . . . . . . . . . . 365
9. Casiornis, Bonap. . . . . . . . . 365
1. rubra, Vieill. . . . . . . . . . . 365
2. fusca, Sel. et Salv. . . . . 366
Subfam. IV. RUPICOLINAE.
10. Phoenicocercus, Cab. . . . . . 367
1. carnifex, Linn. . . . . . . . . 367
2. nigricollis, Swains. . . . . 368
11. Rupicola, Briss. . . . . . . . . 369
1. crocea, Vieill. . . . . . . . . 369
2. peruviana, Lath. . . . . . . 370
3. Sanguinolenta, Gould . . 371
Subfam. W. CotſNGINAE.
12. Phibalura, Vieill. . . . . . . . . 372
1. flavirostris, Vieill. . . . , 372
13. Tijuca, Less. . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
1. nigra, Less. . . . . . . . . . . 373
14. Ampelion, Cab. . . . . . . . . 373
1. cucullatus, Swains. . . . . 374
2. melanocephalus, Swains, 374
3. arcuatus, Lafº... . . . . . . . 375
4. cinctus, Tschudi . . . . . . 375
15. Pipreola, Swains.. . . . . . . . 376
1. Tiefferi, Boiss. . . . . . . . . 377
2. melanolaema, Scl. . . . . . 377
3. viridis, d'Orb. et Lafr. 378
4. formosa, Hart!. . . . . . . 378
5. frontalis, Scl. . . . . . . . . 379
6. Sclateri, Corm. . . . . . . . . 379
7. aureipectus, Lafr. . . . . 380
8. lubomirskii, Tacz. . . . . 380
9. jucunda, Sel. . . . . . . . . . . 381
10. elegans, Tschudi . . . . . . 381
11. whitelyi, Salv. et Godm. 381
16. Cotinga, Briss. . . . . . . . . . . 3S2
1. caerulea, Pieill. . . . . . . . . 382
2. cincta, Kuhl . . . . . . . . . . 383
3. amabilis, Gould . . . . . . 384
4, ridgwayi, zºn, * * * * * 384
xviii
SYSTEM ATIC INDEX.
Page
5. cayana, Linn. . . . . . . . . 385
6. nattereri, Boiss. . . . . . . 385,
7. maynana, Linn. . i. e. 386
8. porphyrolaema, Scl. et
pºº g tº e º e º 4 & 386
17. Xipholena, Gloger . . . . . . 387
1. pompadora, Linx. . 387
2. atropurpurea, Maq. . . . . 388
3. lamellipennis, Lafr..... 389
18. Carpodectes, Salv. . . . . . . .389
J. nilidus, Salv. . . . . . . . . 389
2. antoniae, Ridgw. . . . . . . 389
19. Doliornis, Tacz. . . . . . . . . 39()
1. Sclateri, Tacz. . . . . . . . . 390
20. Heliochera, de Filippi. . . . 390
1. rubrocristata, d'Orb, et
Lafº. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390
2. rufaxilla, Tsch. . . . . . . . . 391
21. Iodopleura, Less. . . . . . . . . 392
1. pipra, Less. . . . . . . . . . . 392
2. leucopygia, Salv. . . . . . . .393
3, isabellae, Parzwd. . . . . . . 393
4. fusca, Vieill. . . . . . . . . . . 393
22, Calyptura, Swains. . . . . . . 394
1. cristata, Vieill. . . . . . . . . 394
Subfam. VI. GYMNODERINAE.
23. Haematoderus, Bonap. . . . , 395
1. militaris, Lath. . . . . . . . . 395
24, Querula, Vieill. . . . . . . . . 396
1. cruenta, Bodd. . . . . . . . . 396
25. Pyroderus, Gray . . . . . . . . 397
1. Scutatus, Shaw . . . . . . . . 397
2. granadensis, Lafr. . . . . 398
3. orenocensis, Lafr. . 398
26. Cephalopterus, Geoff'... . . . .398
1. ornatus, Geoffr. . . . . . . 399
2. penduliger, Scl. . . . . . . 400
3. glabricollis, Gould . . . . 400
27. Gymnocephalus, Geoffr. St.-
IHil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
1. calvus, Gmel. . . . . . . . . 401
28. Gymnoderus, Geoffr. St.-
Hi!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
1. foetidus, Linn. . . . . . .
. 402
29, Chasmorhynchus, Temm. .
403
1. niveus, Bodd. . . . . . . . . 403
2. nudicollis, Vieill. . . . . . . 404
3. variegatus, Gmel. . . . . . . 405
4. tricarunculatus, Verr. . . 405
Fam. V. PH Y TO TO Mr D AE.
1. Phytotoma, Molºn. . . . . . . . .
1, rara, Mo'?. . . . . . . . . . . 406
Page
2. angustirostris, d'Orb, et
Lqf". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407
3. rutila, Vieill. . . . . . . . . 407
4. raimondii, Tacz. . . . . . . 408
Fam. VI. PH I L E P ITT I D AE.
1. Philepitta, Geoffr. St.-Hil. 409
1. jala, Bodd. . . . . . . . . . . 410
2. Schlegeli, Schleg. . . . . . . 411
Fam. VII. PIT TI D AE.
1. Anthocincla, Blyth . . . . . . 412
1. phayrii, Blyth. . . . . . . . . 413
2. Pitta, Vieill. . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
1. nipalensis, Hodgs. 414
2. Soror, Rams. . . . . . . . . . . 415
3. Oatesi, Hume . . . . . . . . 416
4. caerulea, Raffles . . . . . . 416
5. cyanea, Blyth . . . . . . . . 417
6. maxima, Müll. et Schleg. 419
7. cyanoptera, Temm. . . . . 420
8. megarhyncha, Schleg. . . 421
9. angolensis, Vieill 422
10. brachyura, Linn. . . . . . . 423
11. nympha, Temm, et Schleg. 425
e - e º e º --
12. bertae, Salvad. . . . . . . . . 425
13. vigorsi, Gould . . . . . . . . 426
14, concinna, Gould . . . . . . 426
15. irena, Temºn. . . . . . . . . 427
16. crassirostris, Wall, , , , , 427
17. strepitans, Temm, . . . . 428
18. Venusta, Müll. . . . . . . . . 429
19. ussheri, Sharpe. . . . . . . . 430
20, granatina, Temm. . . . . . . 430
21. coccinea, Eyton . . . . . . 431
22. arcuata, Gould . . . . . . . . 431
23. erythrogastra, Temm. . . 432
24, propinqua, Sharpe . . .
25. caeruleitorques, Salvad. . 433
26. kochi, Brigg. . . . . . . . . 433
27. rufiventris, Cab. et Hein. 434
28. cyanonota, Gray . . . . . . 435
29, rubrinucha, Wall . . . . . 435
30, celebensis, Westerm. . . 436
31. palliceps, Brigg. . . . . . . 436
32. mackloti, Temm. . . . . . . 436
33. atricapilla, Briss. . . . . . . 438
34. muelleri, Bonap. . . . . . . 439
35, Sanghirana, Schleſſ. . . . . 440
36, novae-guineae, Müll, et
Schleg. . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
37. mafoorana, Schleg. . . . . 441
38. rosenbergi, Schleg. . . . . . 441
39, forsteni, Bonap. . . . . . . 442
SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
xix.
Page
40. steerii, Sharpe . . . . . . . . º
41. cucullata, Hartl. . . . . . . 442
42. iris, Gould. . . . . . . . . . . 444
43. baudi, Müll. et Schleg. . . 444
3. Eucichla, Cab. et Hein. . . . . 445
1. cyanura, Bodd. . . . . . . . . 445
2. Schwaneri, Bonap. . . . . 446
3. boschi, Mull. et Schleg. . . 447
4. ellioti, Oust. . . . . . . . . . . 448
5. gurneyi, Hume. . . . . 448
4. Coracopitta, Sclafer . . 449
1. lugubris, Schleſſ. . . . . . . 449
Fami. VIII. X E N J C I B 3.
H. Acanthidositta, Buller . . . . 451
1. chloris, Gray . . . . . . . . 451
2, Xenicus, Gray . . . . . . . . . 4.52
1. longipes, Gmel. . . . . . . 452
2, gilviventris, Pel:. . . . . . 453
Fam. IX. E U R Y L. As M I I, AE.
Subfam. I. CALYPTOMENINAs.
Page
1. Calyptomena, Raffl. . . . . . . †:
1. viridis, Raff. . . . . . . . . 456
2. whiteheadi, Sharpe . . . . 457
Subfam. II. EcIRYLAEMIN.E.
2. Psarisomus, Swains. . . . . . . 458
1. dalhousiae, Jamesan . . . . 458
3. Serilophus, Swains. . . . . . . 460
1. lunatus, Goºdla . . . . . . . . 460
2. rubropygius, Hodgs. . . 461
4. Sarcophanops, Sharpe . 462
1. steerii, Sharpe . . . . . . . 462
5. Eurylaemus, Horsf. . . . . . . 463
1. javanicus, Horsf. . . . . . 463
2. ochromelas, Itaff. . . . . 465
6. Corydon, Less. . . . . . . . . . . 466
1. Sumatranus, Raffl. . . . . 466
7. Cymborhynchus, Pig. . . . . 468
1. macrorhynchus, Gmel. . 468
2. affinis. Blyth. . . . . . . . . 470
E. R. R. A. T A.
Page 22, line 32, for “albafrons” read “albudemna.”
47,
59,
96,
189,
358,
362,
449,
458,
53
4, for “Sericophila” read “Sericoptila.”
18, for “muculirostris” read “maculirostris.”
19, for “Hapalocerus” read “Hapalocercus.”
26, for “MILvULUs, p. 267,” read “MILvULUs, p. 277.
27, for “ATTILA, p. 359,” read “ATTILA, p. 358.”
25, for “atreopygius” read “citreopygmus.”
I5, for “Melampitta " read “Coracopitta.”
25, for “Sinius” read Simus.”
C A. T A L O G U E
OF
B I R D S.
Order II. PASSERIFORMES
(Cat. B. vol. iii. p. 1).
Suborder I. PASSERES
(Cat. B. vol. iii. p. 1).
Division II. MESOMYODI.
Intrinsic muscles of the voice-organ affixed at or
near the middle of the bronchial semi-rings.
(Cf. Garrod, P. Z. S. 1876, pp. 507, 517, and Sharpe, Cat. B.
vol. iii. p. 3.)
Scheme of Mesomyodian Passeres.
SUBDIV. 1.-Lower end of trachea not modi-
fied; syrinx as in the Oscines, but with
a lesser number of singing-muscles . . . . 0LIGOMYODAF.
[(Vol. xiv.).
SUBDIV. 2.-Lower end of trachea modified
to form an organ of voice . . . . . . . . . . . . TRACHEOPHONAE
[(Vol. xv.).
JB
WOL. XIV.
2 TYRANNIDAE.
Subdivision I. OLIGOMYODAE.
A. Plantar vinculum lost; manubrium
forked (Eleutherodactyli, Forbes *).
a. Tarsus exaspidean.
a'. Toes nearly free (as in the Oscines).
Bill incurved, hooked . . . . 1. Tyrannidae, p. 2.
Bill straight, pointed . . . . 2. Oxyrhamphidae, p.280.
b'. Toes more or less united . . . . . . 3. Pipridae, p. 282.
b. Tarsus pycnaspidean.
Bill elongated, compressed, not
Serrated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Cotingidae, p. 326.
Bill short, conical, serrated .. 5. Phytotomidae, p. 406.
c. Tarsus taxaspidean . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Philepittidae, p. 409.
d. Tarsus ocreate.
Rectrices 12. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Pittidae, p. 411.
{#: 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Xenicidae, p. 450.
B. Plantarvinculum retained; manubrium
not forked (Desmodactyli, Forbes”) 9. Eurylaemidae, p. 454.
Family I. TYRANNIDAE.
The Tyrannidae or Tyrant-birds are a large and much varied
group, numbering over 400 species, absolutely restricted to the New
World, or Nearctic and Neotropical Regions, over every part of
which (except the extreme arctic portion) they are distributed in
greater or less abundance. They probably perform the same
function in the economy of Nature as the Muscicapidae or true Fly-
catchers in the Old World, although they belong to a different series
of the Passerine Order, being at once distinguishable from the
Muscicapidae by their normal first primary (which in the Musci-
capidae is abnormally shortened) and exaspidian tarsi.
More than 400 species of Tyrannidae are already known, and
many more no doubt remain to be discovered, as the more remote
portions of South America come to be investigated. They are for the
most part birds of small size—the largest known species of Tyrant-
birds, such as Agriornis pollens and Pitangus sulphuratus, being
scarcely so large as Turdus viscivorus, and the greater number
of them much smaller. The Tyrant-birds are mostly clad in dull
colours of olive-brown and black, relieved only by shades of yellow
and green ; though there are occasional exceptions to the rule, such
as the brilliant scarlet of the male Pyrocephali, and the fiery crests
of the Muscivorce. Their generally uniform plumage and similar
external structure renders the discrimination of the species of
Tyrannidae and their grouping into genera extremely difficult, and
in many cases unsatisfactory. It must not be for an instant supposed
that the arrangement here employed, which is practically the same
as that used by Mr. Salvin and myself in the Nomenclator Avium
* Cf. Forbes, P. Z. S. 1880, p, 391.
TAENIOPTERINAE. 3
Neotropicalium, is anything more than provisional. It is chiefly
based upon that of the veteran ornithologist Dr. J. Cabanis of Berlin,
as propounded in the ‘Museum Heineanum ' and elsewhere. Future
anatomical study on the lines pursued by Garrod and Forbes may
eventually succeed in giving us a much better system than anything
that can be obtained from the study of the dried skins.
I regret to say that I have quite failed in my attempt to draw up
anything like a key to the genera of Tyrannidae as they are here
arranged. I have therefore given under the head of each genus
some of the more salient points by which its members may be
recognized. Even as regards the subfamilies, I can only offer the
following rather vague sketch of what I conceive to be the best way,
So far as our present information goes, of arranging the principal
groups, which, however, must be regarded as purely provisional.
Key to the Subfamilies.
A. Feet strong; tarsi stout, elongated;
N -
« \, \ .…' _r
habits more or less terrestrial; co- … Y
loration grey, black, and white . . . . l. TAENIOPTERINAE, p. 3.
B. Feet weak; tarsithin; forest-dwellers;
coloration olive and yellow. [p. 64.
a. Bill depressed; rictus bristled . . . . 2. PLATYRHYNCHINAE,
b. Bill compressed; rictus smooth .. 3. ELAINEINAE, p. 109.
C. Feet strong; tarsi short but strong; -
habits arboreal, but frequenters of
more open spaces; coloration olive,
grey, white, and yellow . . . . . . . . . . 4. TYRANNINAE, p. 189.
Subfamily I. TAENIOPTERINAE.
The Taeniopterinae are nearly the equivalent of the group called
Fluvicolinae by Swainson, and embrace the genera with strong,
ambulatorial feet, that frequent open spaces and sides of rivers, and
are not found within the forests. They are met with in such
situations principally in Southern America, being much less frequent
north of Panama, where forms of Tyranninae appear to take their
place, and being only represented in North America by one or two
species.
Indea, to the Genera.
1. AGRIORNIS, p. 4. 12. CYBERNETEs, p. 40.
2. MYIOTHERETEs, p. 8. 13. SISOPYGIs, p. 41.
3. TAENIOPTERA, p. 10. 14. CNIPOLEGUS, p. 42.
4, OCHTHODIAETA, p. 16. 15. LICHENOPs, p. 48.
5. OCHTHOECA, p. 18. 16. MUSCIPIPRA, p. 49.
(6 MEcoCERCULUs, p. 27. 17. CoPURUS, p. 50.
7. OCHTHORNIs, p. 31. 18. MACHETORNIS, p. 52.
8. SAYORNIs, p. 32. 19. MUSCISAXICOLA, p. 53.
9. FLUVICOLA, p. 35. - 20. CENTRITEs, p. 60.
10. ARUNDINICOLA, p. 37. 21. MUSCIGRALLA, p. 63.
11. ALECTRURUS, p. 38.
B 2
4 - TYRANNIDAE.
1. AGRIORNIS “.
Type.
Agriornis, Gould, Zool. Voy. “Beagle, iii. p. 56 (1841) . . . . A livida.
Tamnolanius, Less. Rev. Zool, 1889, p. 138 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. livida.
Bill of Agriornis livida.
The large size and strong hooked beak of Agriornis renders it
easily distinguishable. The species are found in the Andes of
Ecuador and Peru, descending to the sea-level in Chili and Pata-
gonla. -
Agriornis is said to breed among the rocks, making a deep
cup-shaped nest, and laying white brown-spotted eggs, like those of
the European Oriole (cf. Phil. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1863, p. 137,
and Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 532).
Key to the Species.
A. Tail below blackish. (..*
a. Larger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. livida, p. 4. ‘’’
b. Smaller: f : , ;
- superciliaries whitish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. striata, p. 5. “A
superciliaries yellowish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, andecola, p. 6. 3.
B. Tail below with apical half of external rectrices -
white : 2 ...(
| larger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. nontana, p. 6. ' ' '
smaller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, maritima, p. 6. . . tº
C. Tail below with the external rectrices wholly & A a . 2
white, * J
c. Body above hº ash : fe
larger ; bill stronger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, pollens, p. 7. -c. º.,
łºś. bill weaker & a e º a s a s tº e º a tº g tº $ s a 7. *...*p. 7... " ºf; 4 tº
d. Body above dark ash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. Solitaria, p. 7. ~
C. tº
1. Agriornis livida,
Thamnophilus lividus, Kittl, Mém, prés. Acad. Pétersb. ii. p. 465
(1835).
Pepoaza livida, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 351.
Tyrannus gutturalis, Gerv. Poy, Fav., Ois, pl. 11, et Mag. de Zool,
1836, Ois, pl. 63. .
* The following species is unknown to me:–
Dasycephala albicauda, Ph. & Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1863, i. p. 132.
Agriornis albicauda, Gray, Hand-l. B. i. p.341; Taoz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 184.
Hab. Western Peru.

1. AGRIORNIS. 5
Agriornis gutturalis, Gould, in Zool. Voy. ‘Beagle,” iii. p. 56; Fraser,
P. Z. S. 1843, p. 111 (Chili).
Agriornis livida, Bp. Consp. i. p. 197; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 196; id.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 325; Sol, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 41; iid, P. Z. S.
1879, p. 609; Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 423.
Dasycephala livida, Phil. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1863, i. p. 134;
Gay, Hist, de Chile, Zool, p. 327.
Above cinereous, wings blackish with brighter edgings; tail dull
black, with narrow external edging to the outer rectrix and narrow
tips to all whitish ; lores and faint superciliaries dirty white:
below rather paler, belly and crissum cinnamomeous; throat white,
broadly striated with black; under wing-coverts cinnamomeous
white ; bill black, beneath horn-colour; feet black : whole length
9:5 inches, wing 5, tail 4-5. Female similar
Hab. Chili.
a, b. Ad. sk. Talcahuano, Chili (Capt. Markham Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. 3 ad. sk. Chili (Reed). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll.
e, f. Ad. sk. Chili (?). Capt. King [C.].
g. Ad, sk. Valparaiso. Zool. Soc. Coll.
h. Ad, sk. Valparaiso, Lord Byron [P.}.
7. Ad, sk. Chili. Purchased,
2. Agriornis striata.
Agriornis striatus, Gould, Zool. Voy. “Beagle, iii. p. 56; Burm. La-
Plata Reise, ii. p. 459; Salv. Ibis, 1880, p. 356 (Tucuman); Sel.
et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 111.
Agriornis microptera, Gould, Zool. Voy. ‘Beagle, iii. p. 57, pl. xii.;
Sol. et Salv. Ibis, 1868, p. 185.
Above cinereous; wings blackish cinereous with light edgings;
tail dark cinereous, with a distinct white margin to the external
rectrix, and slight whitish tips to all rectrices; lores blackish; short
superciliaries white: below pale cinereous; throat white, broadly
striated with black; bill above black, below pale: whole length
9 inches, wing 48, tail 4:3. Female similar.
Hab. Argentine Republic and Patagonia.
This is a smaller representative of A. livida and paler in
colouring. The belly and crissum are much paler, and have not the
strong cinnamomeous tinge which prevails in A. livida.
a. 6 ad. sk. Pilciao, Catamarca, Arg. Rep. Sclater Coll.
(White).
b. ? ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Rep. (Leybold). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Tucuman, Rep. Arg. H. Durnford [C.].
d. Ad. sk. Santa Cruz, Patagonia (Darwin). Eyton Coll.
e. Jr. sk. Port St. Julian, Patagonia. C. Darwin [C.].
f, Jr. sk. Port Desire, Pat. C. Darwin [C.].
(Type of A. microptera.)
g. Ad, sk. Patagonia (?), Zool. Soc. Coll,
6 TYRANNIDAE.
3. Agriornis andecola.
Pepoaza gutturalis, d'Orb, et Lafr, Synºv. i. p. 64.
Pepoaza andecola, d'Orb, Woy, Ois, p. 351.
Similar to A. livida, but smaller: no spots on the head; lower
parts yellowish, not reddish; colour generally clearer, and Space
round the eyes yellowish (d’Orb.).
Hab. Andes of Bolivia.
~4. Agriornis montana. -
Pepoaza montana, d'Orb, et Lafr, Syn, Av. i. p. 64; d'Orb. Voy.,
Ois. p. 352.
Similar to A. maritima, but larger and different in hues; outer
primaries not acuminated (d’Orb.).
Hab. Andes of Bolivia.
5. Agriornis maritima.
Pepoaza maritima, d'Orb, et Lafr, Syn. Av. i. p. 65; d'Orb. Voy, Ois.
. 353.
Aºi. maritima, Gray, in Zool. Voy, ‘Beagle, iii. p. 57; Bp. Consp.
i. p. 197; Cab, et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 45; Fraser, P. Z. S.1843,
p. 111; Sol. Cat, A. B. p. 196; id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 325, 888
(Chili); Sol, et Salo. Ibis, 1868, p. 185 (Magellan); tid. Nomenol.
p. 41; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 609 (Bolivia); Durnford, Ibis, 1878,
. 394 (C. Patagonia); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 8 (Coquimbo);
- º Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 137; Sel, et Huds. Arg. Orn.
1. D. - -
Aºi. leucura, Gould, Zool. Voy. “Beagle, iii. pl. 13; Bridges,
P. Z. S. 1841, p. 94; Burm. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 459.
Above cinereous; secondaries edged externally and tipped with
white; tail dark cinereous, the four lateral external rectrices with
the whole outer webs and about one third apical part of the inner
webs white, the median rectrices tipped with white : below paler
cinereous, throat greyish white, slightly striated with dark cinereous;
lower belly, crissum, flanks, and under wing-coverts white, more or
less tinged with cinnamomeous; bill and feet black; two outer
primaries in some specimens acuminated: whole length 9 inches,
wing 5-3, tail 4. Female similar, but primaries not acuminated (?).
Hab. Chili, Patagonia, Argentine Republic, and Bolivia.
The broad white ends of the lateral tail-feathers render this
species very distinct. The acumination of the outer remiges only
occurs in some specimens, and is probably a sexual distinction.
Whether A. montana is distinct is, I think, doubtful.
u. Ad, sk. Chili (Bridges). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad; sk. Chili. T. Bridges [C.].
C; º º º Chili. Sclater Coll.
€. Sr’ 8.0. S.R. Coquimbo, Chili. T}r. Coppinger [C.].
% **** Chili (Reed). §§ à.
. A Cl. SK.
e Argentine Pampas (Leybold). Salvin–Godman Coll
7. Ad, sk. Tombo Point, Patagonia. H. Durnford º º
j, k. Ad, sk. Port Desire, Patagonia. C. Darwin [C.].
1. AGRIORNIS. 7
6. Agriornis pollens. (Plate I.)
Agriornis andicola, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 78,92; id. Cat. A. B. p. 196.
Agriornis pollens, Sel. P. Z. S. 1869, §. 153; Scl. et Salv. Womencl.
p. 41; iid. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 677 (S. Peru); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 185.
Above dark cinereous; head and wings blackish, secondaries
with light edgings; tail with two central feathers blackish, next
pair with the outer webs white, inner webs blackish ; four outer
pairs white, with a large blackish longitudinal mark on the inner
web of the fourth pair, and a slight blackish spot at the further
extremity of the inner web in the three outer pairs: below pale
cinereous, throat white with broad black striations; belly, flanks,
and crissum pale cinnamomeous; under wing-coverts clear cinna-
momeous; bill dark horn-colour; feet black : whole length 11
inches, wing 6, tail 5.
Hab. Chimborazo, West Ecuador, alt. 14,000 ft.
This is the finest and largest species of the genus, exceeding
A. livida in size, and is easily known from it by its white tail.
a, Ad, sk. Panza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
7. Agriornis insolens. (Plate II.)
Agriornis insolens, Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 153, et 1879, p. 610
(Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 42; Sel. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 780; Taez.
Orn, Pér. ii. p. 186.
Above uniform cinereous, with slight white superciliaries; wings
rather darker, with slight whitish edgings to the greater coverts
and outer secondaries: below paler, throat white striated with
dark cinereous; lower belly, crissum, and under tail-coverts white;
tail with the four lateral pairs of rectrices wholly white, middle
pair wholly dark cinereous, pair next to middle pair white, with a
broad blackish margin to the inner web: whole length 93 inches,
wing 5, tail 4. Female similar. -
Hab. Southern Peru and Bolivia.
a. 3 ad. Sk, Tinta, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. ? ad, sk. Tinta, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c, d. 3 Q ad, sk. Tinta, S. Peru. H. Whitely [C.].
e. 3 a.d. sk. Paucartambo, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Sorata, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
8. Agriornis solitaria. (Plate III.)
Agriornis solitaria, Salater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 553, et 1860, pp. 78, 92;
%d. Cat. A. B. p. 196; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42; Tacz, Orn. Pér.
ii. p. 183.
Agriðrnis maritima, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 531 (err.).
Above nearly uniform dark cinereous, outer secondaries slightly
edged and all terminated with white: below rather paler, throat
8 TYRANNIDAE.
white, slightly striated with blackish ; belly whitish, crissum white;
under wing-coverts white, slightly tinged with cinnamomeous; tail
with the four lateral pairs of rectrices white, pair next to central
pair white, with broad dark margins on each web, central pair dark
cinereous like the back; bill and feet black: whole length 9
inches, wing 5, tail 4.
Hab. Andes of Ecuador.
Readily known from A. insolens by its darker colour above and
below, and the slightly striated throat.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Titiacum, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. 6 ad, sk. Puellaro, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Titiacum, Ecuador (Fraser). Eyton Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Quito. Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Vicinity of Quito (Jameson). Jardine Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g, h. Ad, sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. MYIOTHERETES. T
€.
Myiotheretes, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxvi. (1850) ... M. riºtis
The bird usually taken as the type of Myiotheretes is closely
allied to the Taeniopterae, but has longer wings and a rather shorter
bill. To this Argentine form may be added two somewhat similar
species from the Andes of Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia, although
they are not quite identical in structure.
Rey to the Species.
A. Tail blackish, tipped with white. . . . . . . . . . . . 1. ruftventri
B. Basal portion' of tail rufous; no white tips: ºftwentris, p. 8.
rump rufous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, erythropygius, p.
| rump brown like the back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. %; 59.
1 Myiotheretes rufiventris,
Repoaza Vientreroxiso, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 172.
T sº rufiventris, Weill. Noun. Dict. xxxv, p. 93 ; :d. Enc. Méth
Dasycephala rufiventris, Hartl. Ind. Az, p. 13.
Tenioptera rufiventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1 59, p. 331.
Myiotheretes rufiventris, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 196; Sel, et Salo. P. Z. S
}}}} PP; ; }(Conchitas); iid Womencl. p. 42, p.m.; 7.
... p.175 (Buenos Ayres), et 1878, p. 394 (6. Patagonia).
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 603 (Arg, Rep.); Barrows Bui.’ Wºłł.
P Orm. C/. VIII, p. 140 (Entrerios); Sel. et Éiºds. Ary. ôrn. i. p. ii.2.
º sº º et Lafº. Syn, Av. i. p. 63; d.o.º. Voy.,
#9" is variegata, Gray, in Zool. Voy. Beagle, iii. p. -
Taenioptera variegata, Burm, P. Z. % is...d.; #. º * *
*on, P. Z. & 1870, pp. 383,545, sisłºść..., Ayres).
2. MYIOTHERETEs. 9
Above and below smoky grey, clearer on the head and breast;
belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts bright rufous; wings black,
inner secondaries bright chestnut, terminated with white, outer
secondaries black, tipped with white; wing-coverts grey, margined
with white; tail black, outer margins of external pair of rectrices
and tips of all whitish ; two outer primaries emarginated; bill and
feet black: whole length 9-5 inches, wing 6-7, tail 3.8. Female
similar, but outer primaries not emarginated.
Hab. Argentine Republic, Paraguay, and Patagonia.
a. Ad. Sk, Buenos Ayres (Burmeister). Sclater Coll.
b, c. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Burmeister). Prof. Burmeister[C.].
d. Q ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres (Hudson). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. La Plata. Bravard [C.].
f. Ad. sk. Paraná. Sclater Coll.
g, h. Ad, sk. Chili (?). Zool. Soc. Coll.
2. Ad. St. Maldonado. C. Darwin, Esq. [C.].
k. Ad. St. Maldonado. Lieut. Burnett and
Capt. Fitzroy [C.].
l, Ad, sk. Chupat, Patagonia. H. Durnford [C.].
2. Myiotheretes erythropygius.
Taenioptera erythropygia, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 193, pl. 41.
Myiotheretes erythropygius, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 78; id. Cat.
A. B. p. 197; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42; iid. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 677
(S. Peru); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 187.
Above smoky black, head greyish, clearer on the front ; wings
black, with a large white patch on the outer secondaries; rump
bright chestnut ; tail chestnut, broadly tipped with black, two
middle rectrices wholly black: below bright rufous, throat and
breast Smoky grey, under wing-coverts bright rufous; bill and feet
black: whole length 8-8 inches, wing 5'5, tail 4:1.
Hab. Ecuador and Peru.
a, d ad, sk. Panza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
b, c, Ad, sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll,
d. Ad, sk. Quito. Gould Coll. .
e. Ad, sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll.
J. Ad, sk. Ecuador.
3. Myiotheretes striaticollis.
Tyrannus rufiventris, d'Orb, et Lafº. Syn. Av. i. p. 45; d’Orb. Voy.,
Ois. p. 312, pl. 32, figs. 3, 4 (nec Vieill.).
Myiarchus rufiyentris, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 153.
Taenioptera striaticollis, Selater, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 193, pl. 42, et 1855,
. 77.
Mºretº striaticollis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 92; id. Cat, A. B.
p. 197; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42; iid. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 677
(S. Peru), 1875, p. 234 (Venezuela), et 1879, p. 511 (Antioquia)
et p. 610 (Bolivia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 532, et 1882, p. 18
ğ. Peru); id. Orm. Pér. ii. p. 187.
Above brown, wings and tail chestnut, edged and broadly tipped
with black: below, throat and breast white striated with black;
10 TYRANNIDAE.
abdomen, crissum, and under wing-coverts bright rufous; bill and
feet black; the outer primaries emarginated (probably only in male):
whole length 8-2 inches, wing 5:4, tail 38.
Hab. Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.
a. Ad, sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Sorata, Bolivia (Bnckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Puellaro, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
2. Ad, sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq.
k. Q ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
3. TAENIOPTERA, Type
Taenioptera, Bp. Journ. Ac. Phil. iv. p. 380 (1825) . . T. neigeta.
Nengetus, Sw, Zool. Journ. iii. p. 166 (1827) . . . . . . T. mengeta,
Pepoaza, d'Orb. et Lafº. Syn. Av. i. p. 61 (1837) . . . . T. nengeta.
Blechropus, Sw, Class. B. ii. p. 256 (1837). . . . . . . . . . T. nengeta (?).
Xolmis, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973 . . . . . . * I e < * * * * * * * * T. irupero.
Hemipenthica, Cab, et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 43
(1869) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. irupero.
Pyrope, Cab, et Heine, Mus, Hein. ii. p. 45 (1859) . . T. pyrope,
Wing-end of Tenioptera murina.
Toniopterg is a characteristic form of the American Pampas, but
extends as far north as the Amazons and into Chili and Bolivia,
where, however, it probably only occurs in the more open districts.
The plumage is mostly white and black, with slight rufous markings
in some species. ... The bill is somewhat constricted, the legs long and
strong. The tail is usually lengthened, and square at the end or
slightly forked. A curious acumination of the outer primaries
occurs in the males of several species.
Key to the Species.
A. Breast not striated.
a. Under wing-coverts white.
4. Lower surface cinereous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, nengeta, p. 11.

3. TAENIOPTERA. 11
b'. Lower surface white,
a". Back grey:
| cap black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. coronata, p. 12.
cap cinereous white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. velata, p. 12.
b". Back white :
| tail uniform black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. dominicana, p. 13.
tail white, tipped with black. . . . . . . . 5. irupero, p. 13.
b. Under wing-coverts cinereous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. holospodia, p. 14.
c. Under wing-coverts pale cinnamomeous:
back cinereous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. pyrope, p. 15.
back arenaceous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, murina, p. 15.
B. Breast striated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. rubetra, p. 16.
1. Taenioptera mengeta.
Lanius nengeta, Linn. S. N. i. p. 135.
Xolmis mengeta, Gray, Zool. Voy. “Beagle, iii. p. 54.
Fluvicola nengeta, Sw. Flycatch. p. 102, pl. 8,
Taenioptera nengeta, Bp. Consp. i. p. 195; Hartl. Ind. 42, p. 13;
Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 44; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 516;
id. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 459; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 197; Pelz. Orn.
Pras. p. 97; Scl. et Salv. Womencl. p. 42; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 610
(Bolivia); Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 547 (Arg, Rep.); White,
P. Z. S. 1882, p. 603 (Arg. Rep.); Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn.
1885, p. 127 (Rio Grande do Sul); Barrows, Bull. Wutt. Orn.
Cl. viii. p. 137 (Entrerios); Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 114.
Tyrannus cinereus, Vieill. Anal. p. 68.
Pepoaza, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 166.
Tº pepoaza, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxxv. p. 91; id. Enc. Méth.
. Cº) to.
Mººn taenioptera, Bp. Journ. Ac. Phil. iv. p. 380 (1825).
Muscicapa polyglotta, Licht. Doubl. p. 54; Spix, Av. Bras, ii. p. 18,
pl. 24; Maa. Beitr. iii. p. 862.
Pepoaza polyglotta, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 346.
Above cinereous; lores white; wings black, coverts cinereous;
well-marked speculum at base of primaries and edgings of outer
secondaries white; tail black, tipped with whitish cinereous, basal
one third of tail white: below pale cinereous, middle of throat white,
with blackish stripe on each side ; middle of belly, flanks, crissum,
and under tail-coverts white; bill horn-colour, feet black: whole
length 9 inches, wing 5, tail 3:5. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentine Republic, and
Bolivia.
a. Ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. N. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
e. Ad, sk. Maldonado, Uruguay. C. Darwin [C.].
f. 6 ad, sk. Uruguay. Alan Peale [C.].
g. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges), Eyton Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.],
7, Ad. Sk, Maldonado. Lieut. Burnett and
Capt. Fitzroy [C.j.
12
TYRANNIDAE.
. Taenioptera coronata.
Pepoaza coronada, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 168. • *
Tyrannus coronatus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict, xxxv, p. 92; id Ene. Méth.
. 855.
Pº coronata, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 350. -
Taenioptera coronata, Hartl. Ind. Az, p. 13; By. Consp. i. p. 1953
Burm. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 459; Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868,
p. 141; iid. Nomencl. p. 42; Hudson, P.Z. S. 1870, pp. 333, 546,
1871, p. 262 (Buenos Ayres), et 1872, p. 548 (Patagonia);
Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 176 (Buenos Ayres), 1880, p. 424 (Salta);
Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 138 (Entrerios); White, P. Z. S.
1882, p. 603 (Arg. Rep.); Sel, et Huds. Arg. Orn, i. p. 115.
Xolmis coronata, Gray, in Zool. Poy. “Beagle, iii. p. 54.
Muscicapa vittigera, Licht. Doubl. p. 54.
Above cinereous; rounded summit of head black, broad front
and band encircling the back of the head white; wings blackish,
upper coverts cinereous, edgings of middle and greater coverts and
of outer secondaries whitish ; tail blackish, margin of outer web of
external tail-feathers white: below white; under wing-coverts and
a large portion of the inner webs of the remiges, except in the two
outer primaries, white; bill and feet black: whole length 7-8 inches,
wing 4-6, tail 3:1. Female similar.
Hab. Argentine Republic, Uruguay, and Paraguay.
A species very easily recognizable by its well-marked black
CrOWI).
a. Ad. Sk, Paraguay. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Paraná (Burmeister). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c, d, d ? ad, sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Rep. Arg, Salvin-Godman Coll.
(White).
e. 6 a.d. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Sclater Coll,
(Hudson).
f. Ad, sk. Rio Paraná. H. Durnford [C].
g. 6 a.d. sk. Mº, Rep. Arg, (Weiss- Purchased.
haupt).
h. Ad, sk. Argentine Republic. Zool. Soc. Coll.
3, Taºnioptera velata.
Muscicapa velata, Licht. Doubl. p. 54: Spiv , Bras. ii. p.
º, º sº, as dra i. p. 17.
Pepoaza velata, d'Orb. Woy., Ois. p. 347.
Tenioptera Yelata, Cab, et Hein, Mus, Hein. ii. p. 44; Burm, Syst.
Ueb. ii. p. 516; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 197; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 97; Sel.
et Salv, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 577 (Mexiana), et 1879, p. 610 YBolivia).
id. Nomencl. p. 42. ; P ( ), ; D (Bolivia);
Above, cinereous, paler, almost whitish, on the head; lores and
front white; lower back and upper tail-covert !e white : wino,
blackish, basal pp rts pure white; wings
portion of inner primaries and secondaries white,
forming a broad transverse white bar on the wing; tail white, with
2
the apical one third black: below pure White; bill and feet black:
Whole length 8 inches, wing 48, tail 34.
Hab. Campos of Brazil and Bolivia.
Female similar.
3. TAENIOPTERA. 13
The grey back combined with the bright white rump distinguish
this species.
a. G ad. sk. Mexiana, N. Brazil (Wallace). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Para. R. Graham [P.].
c. Ad. Sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.
f. Ad. St. Para. R. Graham, Esq.[P.].
g. Ad. St. Bolivia. T. Bridges º
4. Taenioptera dominicana.
Pepoaza dominica, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 170.
Tyrannus dominicanus, Vieill. Nouv, Dict. xxxv, p. 92; id. Enc.
Méth. p. 856.
Muscicapa dominicana, Licht. Doubl. p. 54.
Pepoaza dominicana, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 347.
Taenioptera dominicana, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 44; Burm.
Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 517; id, La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 460; Sel. Cat. A. B.
p. 197; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 97; Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 633
(Arg. Rep.); iid. Womencl. p. 42; Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 333,
546 (Buenos Ayres); º: Ibis, 1877, p. 176 (Buenos Ayres);
White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 38 (Arg. Rep.); Gibson, Ibis, 1885,
p. 279 (Paysandú); Berl, et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 128
(Rio Grande do Sul); Barrows, Bull. Nutt, Orn. Cl. viii. p. 139
(Entrerios); Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn, i. p. 117.
Fluvicola azarae, Gould, in Zool, Voy, ‘Beagle," iii. p. 53, pl. 10 (6).
Tyrannus albogriseus, Less. Tr. d’Orn, p. 383; Puch. Arch. Mus.
Par. vii. p. 370 (Q).
Taenioptera albogrisea, Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 197 (Q).
Above pure white; wings black, with a broad whitish subapical
band across the first six primaries, beyond which the tips are
blackish ; tail black; beneath pure white : whole length 8 inches,
wing 4-6, tail 4:2. Female similar, but head above and back
cinereous.
Hab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine Republic.
The pure white body and uniform black tail of this bird render it
unmistakable.
a, b. 3 ad, ; c. 2 S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
ad, sk.
d. 9 a.d. sk. Curytiba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
e. Ad.; f. Jr. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford º
g. Q ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Hudson).
h. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. Alan Peel [C.].
7, j. Ad, sk. Argentine Republic. Zool. Soc. Coll.
k, Ad. St. Maldonado. C. Darwin, Esq.
5. Taenioptera irupero.
Pepoaza irupero, Azara, Apºnt. *} 171.
iannus irupero, Vieill, Nouv. Dict, xxxv, p. 92; id. Eno, Méth,
p. 856.
14 TYRANNIDAE.
Pepoaza irupero, d'Orb. Woy, Ois, p. 848. e
Taenioptera irupero, Hartl. Ind. Azar, p. 13; BP, Consp. i. p. 196;
Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 198; Sol, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 141 (Buenos
Ayres), et 1879, p. 610 (Bolivia); iid. Womencl. p. 42; Hudson,
P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 333, 546 (Buenos Ayres); White, P. Z.S. 1882,
p. 603 (Arg, Rep.); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. C. viii. p. 139
(Entrerios); Sel, et Huds. Arg, Orn. i. p. 118,
Fluvicola irupero, Darw, Zool. Voy. ‘ Peagle, iii. p. 53.
Hemipenthica irupero, Cab, et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 44.
Muscicapa moesta, Licht. Doubl. p. 54.
Taemioptera moesta, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 517; id. La-Plata Reise,
ii. p. 460.
Mº nivea, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 20, pl. 29, fig. 1.
Above and beneath pure white; wings with the primaries black,
except the innermost, which are white at their bases and tipped with
black, and secondaries, which have narrow black shafts; broad end
of the tail black; bill and feet black; two outer primaries acumi-
nated: whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 3:2. Female similar,
but no black band on the tail.
Hab. Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentine Republic, and Bolivia.
The smaller size and black-tipped tail distinguish this species
from T. dominicana.
a. Ad. sk. La Plata. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. La Plata. M. Bravard [P.].
c. 3 ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Rep. Arg. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(White).
d. 92 ad. sk. Catamarca, Rep. Arg. Sclater Coll.
(White).
e. Ad, sk. Paysandú. Alan Peel º
f. Ad, sk. Uruguay. Alan Peel §
g. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Salvin-Godman Coll.
i. Ad. St. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
j, k, Ad. St. Chili (?). Purchased.
` 6. Taenioptera holospodia. (Plate IV.)
Taenioptera holospodia, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 47.
Above cinereous, front, and short superciliaries whitish ; rump
blackish; wings and tail blackish cinereous, tips of the outer
secondaries and outer margin of external tail-feather whitish :
below paler, passing into whitish on the middle of the belly and
Crissum ; under Wing-coverts pale cinereous; bill and feet black:
Whole length 8-3 inches, wing 6, tail 37.
Hab. Bolivia.
The nearly uniform cinereous colour and large size render this
Species easily recognizable.
a, b. Ad, sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C].
(Types of the species.)
3. TAENIOPTERA. 15
7. Taºnioptera pyrope.
Mºjº pyrope, Kittl, Mém, prés, Acad. Pétersb. i. p. 191, pl. 10
čjl ).
rºw. d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 348.
Xolmis pyrope, Darw. Zool. Voy. ‘Beagle, iii. p. 55.
Taenioptera pyrope, Bp. Consp. i. p. 196; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 198; id.
P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 326, 338 (Chili); id. Rep. Voy. Chall. ii. p. 102;
Sel, et Salv. Womencl. p. 42; iid, Ibis, 1868, pp. 185, 187 (Str. of
Magellan); iid P. Z. S. 1878, p. 433; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 8
(Patagonia); Sel. Rep. Chall. Evp. ii. p. 102.
Pyrope kittlitzi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 45.
Above cinereous, lores whitish ; wings blackish, lesser coverts
cinereous like the back; middle coverts and secondaries externally
edged with whitish ; tail cinereous, outer web of external rectrix
white : below pale cinereous, throat and belly nearly white ; flanks
and under wing-coverts pale fulvous; bill and feet black; two
outer primaries strongly acuminated: whole length 7-2 inches,
wing 4, tail 3:2. Female similar, but primaries not acuminated.
Hab. Chili, Patagonia, and Tierra del Fuego.
Easily known by its cinereous colour, which is much paler below,
and the pale buffy patch on the flanks and under wing-coverts.
The acumination of the two outer primaries is carried to a great
extent in this species, but occurs only in the male sex, I believe.
a, b. Ad, sk. Chili. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Chili (Reed). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. St. Chili. Lieut. “Burnett and
Capt. Fitzroy [C.],
e, f. Ad. et jr. sk. Chili. Lord Byron [P.].
g. Sº ad. sk. Skyring Water, Patagonia. Dr. Coppinger [C.],
h, d ad, sk. Sandy Point, Straits of Ma- ‘Challenger’ Exp.
gellan.
i. Ad, sk. Port Famine, Patagonia. Sclater Coll.
j. Ad, sk. S. America. Jardine Coll.
8. Taenioptera murina.
Pepoaza murina, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 348.
Taenioptera murina, Sel. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 541 (Rio Negro of
Patagonia), et 1879, p. 460 (Cordova); Sel. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 42;
W.º Z. S. 1883, p. 38 (Arg, Rep.); Sel. et Huds. Arg. Orn.
1. \). g
Pº murina, Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 196.
Above Sandy cinereous, whitish round the eyes; wings and tail
blackish with whitish edgings: below much paler; throat whitish,
with slight black striations; belly and crissum tinged with ochra-
ceous; under wing-coverts and flanks pale ochraceous; bill horn-
colour, feet black; two outer primaries acuminated : whole length
7 inches, wing 4.9, tail 2. Female similar; but outer primaries
normal. ~ 3 q .
Hab. Interior of Argentine Republic and Rio Negro district of
Patagonia.
The Sandy belly and ochraceous under wing-coverts render this
species easily recognizable.
16 TYRANNIDAE.
a, d ad. Sk, Cordova (Doering). Sclater Coll.
b. 3 ad, sk. Cosquin, Cordova (White). Salvin-Godman Coll,
c, d. 3 Q ad, sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Sclater Coll.
(Hudson).
e, c ad, sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Hudson).
J. Ad, sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Purchased.
(Hudson).
9. Taenioptera rubetra.
Taenioptera rubetra, Burm. Journ. f. O. 1860, p. 247; d. La-Plata
Reise, ii. p. 461; Sol. Ibis, 1866, p. 59; d. P. Z.S. 1872, p. 541;
Sel. et Salo. Womencl. p. 42; Hudson, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 541 (Rio
Negro of Patagonia); Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 34, et 1878, p. 394
(Patagonia); Sel. et Huds. Arg. Orn, i. p. 120, pl. vii.
Muscisaxicola rubetra, Sel. Cat, A. B. p. 206.
Above sandy brown ; lores and superciliaries white; wings black,
greater coverts and outer secondaries edged with whitish, lesser
coverts like the back; tail black, outer web of the outer tail-
feather and tips of others white : below white, with black striations
on the sides of the throat and on the breast; flanks, under wing-
coverts, and inner webs of the primaries deep rufous ; two outer
primaries acuminated: whole length 7:5 inches, wing 4.7, tail 3-2.
Female similar, but rather paler above, throat and breast washed
with ochraceous, and outer primaries not acuminated.
Hab. Interior of Argentine Republic and Rio Negro of Patagonia.
The striations on the breast and the deep rufous under wing-
coverts at once distinguish this fine species. *
a. SP ad, sk. Pampas of Arg. Republic Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Leybold).
b. Ad, sk. Argentine Republic. Sclater Coll.
c, d. 3 Q ad, sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Sclater Coll.
(Hudson).
e, f. 6 @ ad, sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Hudson).
g. 9 ad, sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Purchased.
(Hudson). 22*
h, i. 3 Q ad, sk. Chupat, Patagonia. C. Durnford [C].
4, OCHTHODIAETA. Type
Ochthodiaeta, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 48 (1859). O. fumigatus,
This little group contains the larger and stronger forms of
Ochthoeca. It is confined to the Andes of Venezuela, Colombia,
Ecuador, and Bolivia.
Key to the Species.
A. Above and beneath smoky brown.
a. Under tail-coverts uniform with belly . . . . . . . . 1. fumigatus, p. 17.
4. OCHTHODIAETA. 17
b. Under tail-coverts rufous :
larger; throat like the belly . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. lugubris, p. 17.
Smaller; throat pale yellowish . . . . . . . . . . 3. Signatus, p. 17.
B. Above smoky brown; beneath rufous . . . . . . . . 4. fusco-rufus, p. 18.
1. Ochthodiaeta fumigatus.
Tyrannula fumigata, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 71.
Myiobius fumigatus, Gray, Gen. Birds, i. p. 249.
Tyrannus boissoneaui, Bp. Consp. i. p. 191.
Ochthoéca fumigata, Solater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554, 1860, p. 67
(Ecuador), 1871, p. 749.
Ochthodiaeta fumigata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 48; Sol, et
Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 511; iid. Womencl. p. 42; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 532, 1880, p. 202 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 188; Berl, et
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 294 (W. Ecuador).
Above and beneath nearly uniform dark smoky brown, slightly
paler and with indications of darker striations on the throat;
wings and tail blackish ; wing-coverts, secondaries, and outer
rectrices slightly edged with pale brown; whole basal portion of
the inner webs of the wing-feathers and under wing-coverts bright
rufous-chestnut ; bill and feet black: whole length 7-5 inches, wing
4:3, tail 3:4. Female similar.
Hab. Andes of Colombia and Ecuador.
a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. 6 ad, sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g, h, Ad, sk. Chiquinda, Ecuador (Villagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Ad, sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
j. 6 a.d. sk. Chillanes, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].
`-2. Ochthodiaeta lugubris.
Ochthoeca fumigata, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781.
Ochthodiaeta lugubris, Berl, Ibis, 1883, p. 492.
Similar to the preceding, but with the under tail-coverts pale
rufous.
Hab. Andes of Merida, Venezuela.
This is scarcely more than a local form of O. fumigatus, but
the slight difference appears to be constant in all the specimens
examined.
a. 6 ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
b. 3 a.d. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
`3. Ochthodiaeta signatus.
Ochthodiaeta signatus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 501, 532; id. Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 189.
Similar to O. fumigatws, but much smaller, rather more olive on
WOL. XIV. 2 - O
i8 TYRANNIDAE.
the back; summit of head darker; under tail-coverts reddish brown ;
throat pale yellowish; belly and flanks of a sooty Olive, paler than
the back; middle of abdomen yellowish; under wing-coverts pale
yellowish; inner webs of the wing-feathers bordered with whitish
fulvous ; tail-feathers with the inner webs broadly bordered with
reddish: whole length 5:5 inches, wing 3-1, tail 27. (Taczanowski.)
Hab. Central Peru. * *
Only known from specimens procured by Jelski at Anquimara
and Ninabamba in Central Peru.
~4. Ochthodiaeta fusco-rufus. (Plate W.)
Ochthodiaeta fusco-rufus, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 354, et 1879,
pp. 589, 610; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 190.
Above smoky brown; wings blackish, edgings of secondaries and
greater and middle wing-coverts rufous, forming two transverse
bands; tail blackish, outer margin of outer tail-feather and inner
margins of all except the two middle rufous: beneath bright rufous,
throat whitish ; under wing-coverts and whole inner webs of the
remiges except the extremities bright rufous; bill and feet black:
whole length 7 inches, wing 4-1, tail 3:2. Female similar.
Hab. Southern Peru and Bolivia.
a, b, Ad, sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Types of the species.)
c. 3 a.d. sk. Paucartambo, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. st. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
5. 00HTHOECA, Type
Ochthoeca, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 255 ... O. oenanthoides.
Ochthoeca contains a group of small-sized species, about 19 in
number, confined to the higher elevations of the Andes from
Venezuela to Bolivia, and having much general resemblance to
some of the Mniotiltidae, from which, however, they are at once
distinguished by their ten complete primaries. The plumage is
rather soft and lax ; the habits rather those of the Saaricolae of the
Old World, as they frequent the more open and higher districts of
the Andes, perching on the bushes bordering the streams, and
feeding on insects. The tarsi are long and slender; the bill is
moderately compressed.
Key to the Species.
A. General colour beneath smoky brown, more or
Riº º:
a. Belly fulvous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. fumicolor, p. 19.
b. ; rufous. f ; P
a'. Superciliaries rufous
b'. Superciliaries white:
back rufescent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, ananthoides, p.20.
back greyish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. polionota, p. 20.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * = a 2. Superciliosa, p. 19.
5. OCHTHCECA. 19
B. General colour beneath cinereous, more or less
albescent.
c. Larger; outer web of rectrix white:
wing-coverts cinereous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. leucometopa, p. 21.
| wing-coverts edged with rufous . . . . . . 6. leucophrys, p. 21.
d. Smaller; whole tail uniform dark cinereous.
c'. Front white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. albidiema, p. 22.
d'. Front pale yellow :
}. uniform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. citrinifrons, p. 22.
wings banded with rufous . . . . . . . . 9. pulchella, p. 22.
C. General colour beneath cinereous; breast rufous.
e. Wings uniform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. rufipectoralis, p. 23.
f. Wings banded with rufous:
head dark cinereous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. lessoni, p. 23.
}. brownish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, poliogastra, p. 24.
D. Breast dark cinnamomeous, throat black : #. 24.
belly uniform with breast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. cinnamome?ventris,
| belly blackish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, thoracica, p. 25.
E. Beneath uniform blackish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15. nigrita, p. 25.
F. Beneath uniform yellow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. Salvini, p. 25.
G. Beneath pale yellowish olivaceous.
9. Throat white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17. ruftmarginata, p. 25.
h. Throat uniform with belly:
| wings uniform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, diadema, p. 26.
wings banded with rufous . . . . . . . . . . 19. gratiosa, p. 26.
1. Ochthoeca fumicolor.
Ochthoeca fumicolor, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, pl. 117, et 1871,
p. 749; id. Cat. A. B. p. 198; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 48;
Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42.
Above Smoky brown, more rufous on lower back; lores and ex-
tended Superciliaries pale ochraceous; wings and tail blackish; outer
edges of secondaries, and middle and lesser wing-coverts tipped with
rufous, forming two transverse bands: beneath paler and more fulvous,
lighter and more whitish on the middle of the throat and belly;
under wing-coverts pale ochraceous; bill and feet black: whole
length 6-3 inches, wing 3-5, tail 3. Female similar.
Hab. Andes of Central Colombia.
This is a northern form of O. oenanthoides, distinguishable mainly
by its much paler and less rufous under surface.
a. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
c, d. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Ochthoeca superciliosa.
Ochthoeca superciliosa, Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 786; iid. No-
mencl. p. 42; Sel. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 749.
Above smoky brown; lores and broad superciliaries bright
rufous; wings and tail blackish ; outer edges of secondaries and
tips of middle wing-coverts rufous, forming a transverse wing-band:
C 2
20 TYRANNIDAE.
beneath, throat like the back; abdomen and under wing-coverts
bright rufous; crissum whitish ; bill and feet black: whole length
6 inches, wing 3-2, tail 2-7. Female similar.
Hab. Andes of Merida, Venezuela.
The bright and broad rufous superciliaries at once distinguish this
Species.
a. Q ad. sk. Paramos of Merida (Goering) Sclater Coll. .
(Type of the species.)
5, c. 3 Q ad, sk. Paramos of Merida (Goering) Salvin-Godman Coll.
3. Ochthoeca Cenanthoides.
Fluvicola oenanthoides, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 60; d'Orb. Voy.,
Ois. p. 344, t. xxxviii. f. 2.
Ochthoeca oenanthoides, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 255; Scl.
P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, 1871, p. 750; Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869,
p. 600, 1874, p. 677 (S. Peru), 1879, p. 610 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl.
p. 42; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 192.
Ochthoeca fumicolor, Sol. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554, et 1860, p. 79
(Ecuador); Sclater et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 511 (Antioquia);
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 202; id. Orn, Pér. ii. p. 191; Berl. et Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1884, p. 295 (W. Ecuador).
Above smoky brown, more rufous on the lower back; lores and
extended superciliaries whitish ; wings and tail blackish ; outer
edges of secondaries and tips of middle and lesser wing-coverts
rufous, forming two transverse bands: beneath, breast like the back,
throat more greyish ; abdomen bright rufous ; under wing-coverts
and crissum fulvous ; bill and feet black : whole length 6-3 inches,
wing 3-5, tail 3. Female similar.
Hab. Andes of Western Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
I find that the specimens from Antioquia and Ecuador, formerly
referred to 0. fumicolor, go better with the present form.
a, b. 3 9 a.d. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia. Salmon [C.].
c. 3 ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
d. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Q ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Maraviña, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Panza, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].
7. 9 ad. sk. Titiacun, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
7. 9 ad. sk. Cachupata, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
k. Jr. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C].
l. Ad, sk. Mapiri, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
on, n. Ad. sk. Bolivia (D. Forbes). Sclater Coll.
4. Ochthoeca polionota.
Ochthºeca polionota, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 599, et 1870, p. 786;
ãd. Nomencl. p. 42; Sel. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 533 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 193.
5. OCHTHOECA. 21
Above cinereous, lores and broad superciliaries pure white; wings
and tail blackish ; bend of wing, slight outcr margins of secon-
daries, outer webs of two outer tail-feathers, and tips of all the tail-
feathers whitish : beneath, throat cinereous, abdomen bright rufous ;
crissum fulvous; bill and feet black: whole length 6 inches, wing
3-5, tail 3.
Hab. Central and Southern Peru.
The ashy back at once distinguishes this species from the three
preceding.
a. Ad, sk. Pitumarca, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
(Type of the species.)
b. Ad, sk. Pitumarca, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. 0 ad. sk. Pitumarca, S. Peru (Whitely). H. Whitely [C.],
d. 6 a.d. sk. Maraynioc, C. Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
5. Ochthoeca leucometopa. (Plate VI.)
Ochthoeca leucophrys, Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 986, 1868, p. 569,
1869, p. 154, et 1874, p. 677 (S. Peru); Sel. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750,
1873, p. 780 (Cuzco); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533.
Ochthoeca leucometopa, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 19.; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 232, et 1880, p. 202 (N. Peru); Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 193; Sel. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 487 (Lima).
Above dark cinereous; rump slightly rufescent ; front and long
superciliaries white; wings and tail blackish, outer margins of
secondaries and whole outer web of external tail-feather white :
beneath cinereous; lower belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts
white ; bill and feet black ; whole length 6 inches, wing 3, tail 27.
Female similar.
Hab. Peru.
a. Ad, sk. Chimata, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
(Type of the species.)
b. Ad, sk. Tinta, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
c. 2 ad. sk. Tinta, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Tinta, S. Peru. H. Whitely [C].
f. Ad. sk. Paucartambo, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
9. Q ad, sk. Paucartambo, Peru. H. Whitely [C].
h. 6 a.d. sk. Islay, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Ad. sk. Islay, S. Peru. H. Whitely [C.].
j. 6 a.d. sk. Acancocha, Peru (Jelski), Sclater Coll.
ſº, l. Ad. sk. Andes of Lima (Nation). Sclater Coll.
6. Ochthoeca leucophrys.
Fluvicola leucophrys, d'Orb. et Lafr. Sym. Av. i. p. 60; d'Orb. Voy,
Ois, p. 345, t, xxxvii. fig, 1.
Ochthoeca leucophrys, Sel. et Salv, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 610; iid. No-
mencl. p. 42; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 603 (rep, Arg.); Sel, et Huds.
Arg, Orn. i. p. 121.
Above dark cinereous, rump rufescent; wings blackish, cross
22 TYRANNIDAE.
bands on wing-coverts and edges of outer secondaries rufous; tail
blackish, outer web of external rectrix white : beneath pale Cinere:
ous; lower belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts white; bill and
feet black: whole length 52 inches, wing 3, tail 27.
Hab. Bolivia.
At once distinguishable from O. leucometopa by the rufous bars
on the wings.
a. Ad, sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad, st. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.],
7. Ochthoeca albidiema,
Setophaga albidiema, Lafr, Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 8. º
Ochthoeca albidiema, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, 1871, p. 750; d.
Cat. A. B. p. 199; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42.
Above dark cinereous, head blackish, front and long superciliaries
white; rump rufous; wings and tail slaty black, wing-coverts
margined with rufous: below cinereous, middle of lower belly
white, crissum fulvous; under wing-coverts cinereous ; bill and
feet black: whole length 4.5 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2:1.
Hab. Andes of Colombia.
a, b. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
8. Ochthoeca citrinifrons. (Plate VII. fig. 1.)
Ochthoéca citrinifrons, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 113, et 1871, p. 750;
Cat. A. B. p. 360; Scl. et Salv. Womencl. p. 42.
Above dark cinereous, head blackish ; front pale yellow, long
Superciliaries white; rump rufous ; wings and tail slaty black, wing-
coverts margined with rufous: beneath cinereous, middle of belly and
under wing-coverts whitish, crissum fulvous; bill black, feet horn-
colour ; whole length 4:7 inches, wing 2:6, tail 2:3. Female
similar.
JHab. Andes of Ecuador.
Like O. albifrons, but distinguished by its pale yellow front.
a. Ad, sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll.
(Type of the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Purchased.
d. Ad, sk. Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
~9. Ochthoeca pulchella. (Plate VII. fig. 2.)
Ochthoeca pulchella, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 355, et 1879,
pp. 589,610.
Ochthoeca jelskii, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 71; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 198.
Above brownish cinereous, lower back rufescent ; lores and
5. OCHTHOECA. 23
superciliaries lemon-yellow ; front dark like the head; wings and
tail brownish black; tips of wing-coverts, forming two bands, and
outer margins of secondaries bright rufous: below cinereous, paler
in the middle of the belly; flanks fulvous ; bill and feet brown :
whole length 4:5 inches, wing 2:4, tail 2.
Hab. Andes of Bolivia and Peru.
Most nearly allied to O. citrinifrons, but readily distinguishable
by the rufous bands on the wing and the blackish front.
a. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Type of O. pulchella.)
10. Ochthoeca rufipectoralis.
Fluvicola rufipectoralis, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 60; d'Orb.
Voy., Ois. p. 345, t. xxxvii. fig. 2.
Ochthoeca rufipectoralis, Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 678 (S. Peru),
1879, p. 611 (Bolivia); iid. Womencl. p. 42; Sol. P. Z. S. 1873,
p. 781 (S. Peru); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 194.
Above cinereous, wings and tail slightly darker; outer web of
external rectrices white; lores and long superciliaries white ; sides
of head below the eye and chin blackish, breast bright rufous,
abdomen white, flanks and under wing-coverts cinereous; bill and
feet black: whole length 4-6 inches, wing 2:8, tail 2:4. Female
similar.
Hab. Bolivia and Southern Peru.
a. Ad, sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
c, d. Ad. Sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
e. Ad. sk. Ramosani, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Q ad. sk. Cachupata, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin Coll.
11. Ochthoeca lessoni.
Tyrannula rufipectus, Less. Descr. Mamm. et Ois. p. 296 (nec Lafº.).
Ochthoeca lessoni, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, 1858, p. 554, 1860,
pp. 63, 68, 92, et 1871, p. 750; Cat. A. B. p. 198; Cab. et Hein.
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 48; Sel. et Salv. Womencl. p. 42: id. P. Z. S.
1879, 511 (Antioquia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533 (C. Peru),
1879, p. 232, et 1880, p. 202 (N. Peru), 1882, p. 18 (N.E. Peru);
td. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 195; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 295
(W. Ecuador).
Above cinereous, with a brownish tinge on the back; long super-
ciliaries white; wings blackish; broad tips of middle coverts, forming
a cross-band, and outer edges of secondaries rufous; tail blackish,
outer webs of external pair of rectrices white ; sides of head and
chin dark cinereous, throat bright rufous, abdomen white; under
wing-coverts pale cinereous; bill dark horn-colour, feet black :
whole length 5 inches, wing 2:8, tail 2-5. Female similar.
Hab. Colombia, Ecuador, and North and Middle Peru.
Similar to O. rufipectoralis, but distinguishable by the well-
marked band on the wings.
24 TYRANNIDAE.
a. Ad. sk. Bogota, Sclater Coll. (Type
wº- of the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Jardine Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Bogata. Purchased.
j. Ad, sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
9. Ad, sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia. Salmon [C].
h. Ad, sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j, k. Ad. sk. Andes of Quito (Jamieson). Jardine Coll.
l. 3 ad. sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
m. Ad, sk. Chillanes, Ecuador. L. Fraser ſº
n. Ad. sk. Ecuador (?). Eyton Coll.
T 12. Ochthoeca poliogastra.
Ochthoeca poliogastra, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 123.
Above brownish, head more cinereous; long Superciliaries white;
wings blackish ; broad tips of middle coverts, forming a cross-band,
and Outer edges of secondaries bright rufous ; tail blackish, outer
webs of external pair of rectrices white; sides of head below the
eyes and chin cinereous; breast light rufous; abdomen pale cinereous,
whiter in the middle; bill and feet black: whole length 5-3 inches,
wing 2:8, tail 25.
Blab. Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta.
Most like O. lessoni, but known by its brownish upper surface
and pale cinereous belly.
a, b. 3 ad.; c. 9 Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. ; º Q jr. (Simons). (Types of the species.)
ad. sk.
e. Ad, sk. Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta Sclater Coll.
(Simons).
13. Ochthoeca cinnamomeiwentris.
Setophaga cinnamomeiventris, Lafº. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 80.
Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, et 1871,
p. 750; id. Cat. A. B. p. 199; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42.
Above dark blackish cinereous; patch in front of the eye and
short slight superciliaries white : beneath, throat and crissum dark
cinereous, abdomen dark cinnamomeous chestnut ; under wing-
coverts, white; bill and feet black: whole length 5 inches, wing
2:4, tail 2.
Hab. Colombia and Ecuador.
a, b, Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
d. Ad. sk. Envigado, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
e. P ad. Sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). T. K. Salmon [C.].
g. Ad, sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
t. Ad. St. Bogota. Purchased.
5. OCHTHCECA. 25
`-14. Ochthoeca thoracica,
Ochthoeca thoracica, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 133, 533, 1879, p. 232,
et 1882, p.18 (Peru); id. Orn, Pér. ii. p. 197; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1879, p. 611 (Bolivia).
Above and below dark blackish cinereous, patch in front of eye
and slight superciliaries white; breast cinnamomeous chestnut ; under
wing-coverts whitish; bill and feet black: whole length 4:8 inches,
wing 2:7, tail 22.
Pſab. Peru and Bolivia.
At once recognizable from O. cinnamomeiventris by the black belly.
a, b. Ad. Sk, Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
15. Ochthoeca nigrita.
Ochthoeca nigrita, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 787; iid. Nomencl.
p. 42; Sol. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 197.
Above and below nearly uniform slaty black; short superciliaries
white; bill dark horn-colour; feet black: whole length 5-2 inches,
wing 2-6, tail 1:8.
Hab. Andes of Venezuela and Peru.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. Jr. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
~16. Ochthoeca salvini.
Ochthoeca salvini, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 324, 752 (W. Peru); id.
Orn. Pér. ii. p. 200.
Above grey, darker on the head; front and superciliaries before
the eye yellow, behind the eye white; wings blackish; broad tips
of lesser and middle coverts and outer margins of secondaries white ;
tail black, external webs of outer pair of rectrices, and basal portion
of external webs of next two pairs and tips of all rectrices white :
beneath pale lemon-yellow, crissum and under wing-coverts whitish ;
bill and feet black : whole length 5 inches, wing 2:7, tail 2:4.
Hab. Coast of North Peru.
At once known by its pale yellow under-surface.
a. d. ad, sk. Tumbez, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. (Au-
thentic specimen.)
17. Ochthoeca rufimarginata.
Ochthoeca rufimarginata, Lawr. Ann. Lyo. N. Y. ix. p. 266; Scl.
P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750; Sol, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1880, p. 202 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 196.
Above mouse-brown, rather more rufous on the rump; wings
blackish ; narrow margins of primaries, broad ends of outer secon-
26 TYRANNIDAF.
daries and of wing-coverts, forming two distinct bands, bright
rufous; tail dark brown, with slight rufous edgings: below pale
yellowish, throat white, sides of breast brownish ; under wing-
coverts pale yellowish ; bill and feet black: whole length 5:4 inches,
wing 2.5, tail 2-5. Female similar.
Bab. Ecuador and Peru.
The strongly marked wings with rufous bands distinguish this
somewhat isolated species.
a, b. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Imtac, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Cutervo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
18. Ochthoeca diadema.
Myiobius diadema, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 289.
Muscicapa fuscicapilla, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 291.
Tyrannula diadema, Bp. Consp. i. p. 191; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149.
Mecocerculus diadema, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 199.
Ochthoeca diadema, Sel. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750; Scl. et Salv, Nomencl.
p. 42; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 511.
Above dark olive, blackish on the head and slightly rufescent on
the rump; broad front and superciliary stripe yellow; wings and
tail blackish, slightly edged with olive: beneath bright olive, middle
of abdomen yellow ; under wing-coverts yellowish; bill horn-
colour, feet brown ; whole length 4:5 inches, wing 2-3, tail 2.
Female similar.
Hab. Venezuela and Colombia.
a. Ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota, Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
e, f. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
19. Ochthoeca gratiosa.
Mecocerculus gratiosus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 113; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 360.
Ochthoeca gratiosa, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750; Sol, et Salv. Womencl.
p. 42; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 232 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 199; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 295 (W. Ecuador).
Similar to O. diadema, but distinguishable by having the wing-
coverts edged with rufous, forming two cross bars, and the head
not quite so dark.
Flab. Ecuador and Peru.
a. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll. (Type of
the species.)
b, c, Ad: sk, Imtac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 9 ad sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godmºn Coll.
6. MECOCERCULUS, 27
6. MECOCERCULUS. * * Type.
Mecocerculus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 113. . . . . . . . . . . . M. setophagoides.
Bill and foot of Mecocerculus leucophrys.
This little group is closely allied to Ochthoca, but distinguished by
its more compressed bill and longer tail. Like Ochthoeca, it is peculiar
to the higher Andes.
Key to the Species.
A. Throat white.
a. Tail uniform.
a'. Head olive.
Rump like the back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. leucophrys, p. 27.
}; pale fulvous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. wropygialis, p. 28.
b'. Head grey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. stictopterus, p. 28.
b. Tail partly white:
J secondaries edged with rufous. . . . . . . . 4. calopterus, p. 29.
}: edged with olive . . . . . . . . 5. paecilocercus, p. 29.
B. Throat yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. consobrinus, p. 30.
1. Mecocerculus leucophrys.
Muscicapa leucophrys, d'Orb. et Lafº. Sym. Av. i. p. 53.
Muscicapara leucophrys, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 327.
Mecocerculus leucophrys, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 199.
Ochthoéca leucophrys, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, et 1871, p. 750;
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 48.
Tyrannula setophagoides, Bp. Act. Scienz. Ital, Mediol. p. 405;
Solater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149.
Myiarchus setophagoides, Bp. Consp. i. p. 188.
Ochthoeca setophagoides, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 48; Scl. et
Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 170 (Venezuela), 1870, p. 781, et 1879, p. 611
(Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 42; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 331 (Colom-
bia); Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 291 (Brit. Guiana).
Mecocerculus setophagoides, Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 297.
Above olive-brown, darker on the head, slight superciliaries
white ; wings blackish ; broad ends of two rows of coverts (forming
two bands) and outer edges of secondaries yellowish white ; tail

28 TYRANNIDAE.
brown; beneath pale sulphur-yellow, throat greyish white; under
wing-coverts yellowish ; bill and feet black: whole length 5-5
inches, wing 25, tail 2.5. Female similar, but smaller. 1.
Hab. Andes of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Venezuela,
and Roraima, British Guiana.
a, b. 3 Qad. sk. Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta Sclater Coll.
(Simons).
c, d. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f, g. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
h. Q ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. 6 a.d. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
k, l. 6 @ ad, sk. Toraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
m, n. 6 @ ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
o, Ad. Sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Mecocerculus uropygialis.
Mecocerculus uropygialis, Lawrence, Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 266.
Tyranniscus uropygialis, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 296.
Apparently closely allied to M. leucophrys, but distinguished by
its smaller size, light-coloured tail-coverts, and uniform dusky
under surface.
Hab. Western Ecuador.
I have examined two specimens of this species, Mr. Lawrence's
type and an example kindly lent to me by Graf v. Berlepsch.
3. Mecocerculus stictopterus.
Elainia stictoptera, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554, pl. 146. f. 2, 1859,
p. 46, et 1860, pp. 68, 79.
Mecocerculus stictopterus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 199; Berl. et Tacz.
P. Z. S., 1884, p. 295 (W. Ecuador); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 18
(N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 201.
Ochthoeca stictoptera, Sel. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1875, p. 234 (Merida); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 202 (N. Peru).
Above dark olive; head cinereous, superciliaries white; wings
blackish, tips of coverts with broad white ends, forming two well-
marked cross bands; remiges narrowly edged with yellowish ; tail
pale brown : beneath white; breast greyish ; crissum, flanks, and
under wing-coverts tinged with sulphur-yellow ; bill black, lower
mandible at base carneous; feet brown: whole length 4.5 inches,
Wing 2:6, tail 2-5. Female similar, but smaller.
Hab. Andes of Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, and Venezuela.
Nearly allied to M. leucophrys, but distinguishable by its cinereous
head and the white colour below.
6. MECOCERCULUs. 29
a. G ad. sk. Riobamba, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types
of the species.)
c. 3 ad, sk. Lloa, Ecuador (Fraser). L. Fraser [C.].
d. Ad, sk. Punal., Guyaquil (Villagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll.
gomez).
f. Ad, sk. º (Jameson). Jardine Coll.
9. Ad. Sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin–Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.
8, j. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
Jº, l. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
ºn. Q ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
`-4. Mecocerculus calopterus.
Formicivora caloptera, Sol. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 142.
Serpophaga leucura, Lawr. Ibis, 1875, p. 384, pl. ix. fig. 2.
Serpophaga caloptera, Sel, et Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 271.
Ochthoeca caloptera, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 233 (N. Peru).
Mecocerculus calopterus, Berl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 295 (W.
Ecuador); Tacz. Orm. Pér. ii. p. 202.
Above olive-green, head cinereous; well-marked superciliaries
white; wings blackish ; wing-coverts broadly tipped with yellowish
white, which forms two cross-bands; outer margins of secondaries
pale chestnut, forming a broad patch when the wing is closed;
middle tail-feathers dark cinereous, three outer pairs nearly wholly
white: beneath white, belly, flanks, and under wing-coverts tinged
with sulphur-yellow ; bill blackish, feet dark cinereous: whole
length 4 inches, wing 2, tail 1:8. Female similar.
Hab. Ecuador and Peru.
The pale chestnut patch on the secondaries renders this species
easily recognizable. Its correct position is still, to my mind, a little
uncertain : it is perhaps better placed here than in any other
recognized genus, but the wings and tail are much shorter than in
true Mecocerculus.
a. Ad, sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.J.
c. 2 ad. sk. Tambillo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
5. Mecocerculus poecilocercus.
Serpophaga poecilocerca, Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. pp. 47, 158; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 233 (N. Peru).
Mecocerculus poecilocercus, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 295 (W.
Ecuador); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 203; Berl, J. f. O. 1884, p. 297
(Bucaramanga).
Above olive-green, head cinereous, slight superciliaries whitish ;
wings blackish, tips of coverts yellowish white, forming two trans-
verse wing-bars; narrow outer margins of remiges also yellowish ;
30 TYRANNIDAE.
tail pale cinereous, inner webs of four external rectrices more or less
wholly white; beneath white; throat and breast slightly cinerascent,
lower belly, flanks, and under wing-coverts tinged with pale sulphur-
yellow ; bill brown, whitish at the base; feet brown : whole length
4 inches, wing 2-3, tail 22.
Hab. Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru.
Apparently allied to M. calopterus, but without the chestnut patch
on the wings, and with the owter webs of the external rectrices
cinereous.
a. Q ad. sk. Puellaro, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Tambillo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
d, e. Ad. Sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). Salvin-Godman Coll.
`-6. Mecocerculus consobrinus.
Ochthoeca consobrina, Berl, Ibis, 1885, p. 289.
“The back is of a very dark olive-green, the top of the head
presenting a slight suffusion of a dark ashy or blackish colour. The
chin, lores, and feathers round the eye, as well as an inconspicuous
or ill-defined superciliary stripe, appear dull whitish. The ear-
coverts are yellowish olive-green, bordered with blackish on their
tips. The whole under surface of the body is of an intense sulphur-
yellow, suffused or flammulated with olive-green on the throat and
breast. Wing and tail-feathers blackish brown, the latter margined
with Olive-green. The primaries, from the third to the sixth, are
margined with rusty yellowish from the base to a short distance
from the tip, while in the secondaries these margins do not begin
until the middle of the feather and extend to the tip itself. The
tertiaries show broader margins of soiled white. The medium-
sized and the longest of the upper wing-coverts are marked on
their tips with large fulvous-yellow spots, presenting two well-
marked bands on the wing-coverts. Bill and feet dark brown, the
mandible paler at the base below. Length of wing 2-5 inches, tail
27.” (Berlepsch.)
Hab. Colombia.
The single “Bogota 'skin of this species known is in the collection
of Graf H. v. Berlepsch. “The bill is very slender and com-
pressed, even a little more so than in M. leucophrys.”
7. OCIITHORNIs. 31
7. OCHTHORNIS #.
Nº.
\\|^ W.
\
º |
\
| \
\
Structure of Ochthormis littoralis.
Under this term I propose to separate a singular species which
Herr v. Pelzeln has placed in Elaimea, and I in Ochthoeca. It is,
however, I think most nearly allied to the last-named genus, from
which it seems distinct in its much smoother rictus with scarcely
any setae, shorter wings, and shorter tail. In general coloration it
is very similar to Sayornis pallida, but much smaller in size. It is
found in Guiana and Amazonia.
1. Ochthornis littoralis.
Elainea littoralis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 108.
Ochthoeca murina, Sel. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 749, et 1881, p. 214 (Brit.
Guiana); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 42.
Pale brownish cinereous, rather paler below; cap, wings, and tail
brown; lores, superciliaries, and throat whitish ; bill and feet black:
whole length 5-4 inches, wing 2:8, tail 2:4. Female similar.
Hab. Guiana and Amazonia.
a. Ad, sk. Oyapoc (Jelski). Sclater Coll. (Type
of Ochthoeca murina.)
b. Ad. sk. British Guiana (Brown). Sclater Coll.
c, d. 2 ad. sk. Yguitos, E. Peru (H. Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (C. Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Rio Javari, Upper Amazons. H. W. Bates [C].
* "Ox60s, bank, and Öpyws, a bird.




32 TYRANNIDAE.
8. SAYORNIS. Type.
Sayornis, Bp. Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. 4, Zool. t. i. p. 133 -
(1854) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. pallida.
Aulanax, Cab. J. f. Orn. 1856, p. 2... . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. nigricans.
Theromyias, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 68 (1859) S. saya.
Sayornis contains a small group of Tyrannidae allied to Ochthoera,
but of rather larger size, and with a longer and stronger bill, which
has induced the American ornithologists to place them near
Myiarchus. Their water-loving habits, however, as well as their
structure accord better with those of the Taeniopterinae.
Two species of Sayormis, sometimes referred to different genera,
are summer visitants to the United States; the others range
through Central America to Bolivia.
The nests of this group are open and cup-shaped, and placed on
rocks; eggs white.
Key to the Species.
A. Plumage brown; belly rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. pallida, p. 32.
B. Plumage blackish; belly white.
a. Crissum white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. nigricans, p. 33.
b. Crissum cinereous:
{\;. dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. aquatica, p. 33.
wing-coverts edged with white . . . . . . . . 4. cineracea, p. 34.
1A-Sayornis pallida.
Muscicapa saya, Bp. Am. Orn. i. p. 20, pl. 2. f. 3 (1825).
Ochthāeca saya, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 255.
Tyrannula Saya, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189.
Aulanax sayus, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 2.
Tyrannula pallida, Sw, Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 367.
Sayornis sayus, Baird, B. N. Amer. p. 185; Baird, Brew. & Ridgw.
W. A. B. ii. p. 347; Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 336; Blakiston, Ibis,
1862, p. 4, et 1863, p. 57 (ś, Dresser, Ibis, 1865,
pp. 317,473 (S. Texas); Brown, Ibis, 1868, p. 427 (Vancouver I.).
Sayornis pallida, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, pp. 127, 204, et 1859, p. 366;
td. Ibis, 1859, p. 438; id. Cat. A. B. p. 201; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
. 43.
sº sayi, Coues, Key (1884), p. 437.
Above pale cinereous, head and wings darker, margins of the
wing-coverts and secondaries whitish : below paler, abdomen
ochraceous brown; under wing-coverts ochraceous white; bill and
feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 4.2, tail 3-3. Female
similar.
Hab. Western and Central North America and Mexico.
a. Ad, sk. California (Bell). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. West side Rocky Mountains. J. K. Lord [C].
c, d. 3 Q ad, sk. Fort Simpson, Arctic America. B. H. Ross º J
e, f. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel, N. N. A. Boundary
America. Comm. [P.].
8. SAYORNIs. 33
g. Ad, sk. Divide Forks, Platte River Salvin-Godman Coll.
(J. G. Cooper).
h. Ad, sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll.
2. Ad, sk. City of Mexico (Angelo). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased.
2: Sayornis nigricans.
Tyrannula nigricans, Sw, Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 367.
Myiarchus nigricans, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 153.
Sayormis nigricans, Bp.-Compt: Reńd. xxxviii. p. 657; id. Notes Orn-
x -p: 87; Selater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 296, 1857, p. 127, 1858, p. 457,
0 isB9, p. 383, 1864, p.175 (Mexico); d. Cat. A. B. p. 200; it. Ibis,
1859, p. 438; Selat. et Salv. Womencl. p. 43; Baird, B. N. Am.
p. 183; Baird, Brew. et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 340; Coues, Key
(1884), p. 437; Ridgw. Man. W. A. B. p. 336.
Aulanax nigricans, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 2; Cab, et Hein.
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 68.
9- Muscicapa semijatra, Vig. Zool. Beechey's Voy, p. 17.
Above dark cinereous, blackish on head, wings, and tail; outer
margins of wing-coverts and secondaries whitish ; outer web of
external tail-feather white : below blackish ; belly, crissum, and
under wing-coverts white; bill and feet black: whole length 6-8
inches, wing 3-5, tail 3:2. Female similar.
Hab. Western and Central North America and Mexico.
a. Ad, sk. California (Bell). Sclater Coll.
b. 3 ad. sk. Saticoy, Cal. (J. G. Cooper). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Cohuilla Valley, California. G. F. Morcom [P.].
d. Jr. sk. California. Lord Walsingham iP.].
e. Q ad, sk. Mazatlan, Mex. (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. c ad, sk. Presidio, Mex. (Forrer). Salvin–Godman Coll.
g. 9 a.d. sk. Oaxaca, Mex. (Fenochio). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Ad. sk. Mexico. J. Gould, Esq.
j-l. Ad, sk. Mexico. Purchased.
on. Ad. St. Mexico. Purchased.
3.t Sayormis aquatica.
Sayornis aquatica, Sol. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 119; iid, Nomencl. p. 43;
Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 200; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 62 (Costa Rica).
Aulamax aquatica, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 68.
sº var, aquatica, Baird, Brew. et Ridgw. N. A. B.
ii. p. 340.
Above Sooty black, paler on the lower back; wings and tail
blackish ; narrow outer margins of secondaries and outer web of
external primary white : below sooty black, centre of belly
white, crissum cinereous; under wing-coverts white mixed with
blackish ; bill and feet black: whole length 6-3 inches, wing 3-4,
tail 3.
WOL. XIV. ID
34 TYRANNIDAE.
Hab. Guatemala and Central America to Costa Rica.
To be distinguished from S. nigricans by its darker colour and
ashy crissum, and from S. cineracea by the much less amount of
white on the wing.
Salvin–Godman Coll. ) Types
Sclater Coll. of the
Salvin-Godman Coll. ) species.
J. Gould, Esq.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
a. Ad. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin).
b. Ad, sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin).
c. Ad. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin).
d. Ad, sk. Guatemala.
e, f. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Arcé).
g. Ad, sk. Costa Rica (Endres).
4# Sayornis cineracea,
Tyrannula cineracea, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 8.
Sayormis cineracea, Sel. P. Z. S. 1858, pp. 450, 457, et 1860, p. 68
(Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. p. 200; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868,
pp. 68, 168, 628 (Venezuela); iid. Womencl. p. 43; Wyatt, Ibis,
1871, p. 332 (Colombia); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 201
&º ; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 204; Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 297
(Tucuman); Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 121.
Aulanax latirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 68; Cab. J. f. O.
1879, p. 335 (Tucuman).
Sayornis latirostris, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 200.
Myiarchus nigricans, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 153; Tacz,
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, et 1879, p. 235 (Peru).
Above dark cinereous, head sooty black; wings and tail blackish,
outer margins of the wing-coverts and secondaries and outer web of
the external tail-feather white : below sooty black, middle of belly
and under wing-coverts white, flanks and crissum dark cinereous;
bill and feet black: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-4, tail 3:1.
Female similar.
Hab. Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
a. Ad. Sk, Venezuela (Spence). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll,
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
f Q ad, sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll. º
g. Q ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Q ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia (Salmon). Salmon [C.].
3. 3 ad, sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Ad, sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
k. Ad. sk. San José, Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Simons).
l. Ad. sk Minica, Santa Marta (Joad). Sclater Coll.
ºn. Ad, sk Santa Marta. Sclater Coll.
n. Ad, sk Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o, Ad, sk Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. 3 ad, sk Cuenca, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
q. Ad. sk Bolivia (Bridges). T. Bridges [C].
r. Ad, st Caraccas. D. Dyson [C].
9. FLUWICOLA. 35
9. FLUWICOLA.
Type.
Fluvicola, Sw. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 172 (1827). . . . . . . . . F. climacura.
Entomophagus, Mar. Beitr. iii. p.,781 (1831) . . . . . . . . F. climacura.
Myiophila, Reichenb. Av. S. W. t. lxvii. (1850). . . . . . . . F. pica (?).
This little group of four species is peculiar to South America,
where these birds inhabit the pampas, llanos, and more open
spaces, generally resorting to the vicinity of water. The plumage
is black and white. The conformation is generally that of Sayornis,
but it has longer and stronger feet and a longer bill. The rictal
setae are few and slight. The sexes are similar.
Key to the Species.
A. Back of head black:
Scapularies white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. pica, p. 35.
Scapularies black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. albiventris, p. 36.
B. Back of head white:
under wing-coverts cinereous . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. climacura, p. 36.
under wing-coverts white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. atripennis, p. 37.
1. Fluvicola pica.
Gobemouche Pie de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Enl. 675, fig. 1.
Muscicapa pica, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl. p. 42 (1783).
Muscicapa bicolor, Gm. S. N. i. p. 946.
Platyrhynchus bicolor, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxvii. p. 13; id. Enc. Méth.
p. 837.
Fluvicola bicolor, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 703; Bp. Consp. i.
, 195.
Fºi, pica, Selater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148; id. Cat. A. B. p. 200; Cab.
et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 40; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 97; Taylor, Ibis,
1864, p. 85 (Trinidad); Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.1866, p. 187 (Ucayali),
1867, p. 594 (Lower Amazons), 1868, p. 168 (Venezuela), 1873,
p. 277 (E. Peru), et 1875, p. 237 (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p.43;
Jºinsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 569 (Trinidad); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 332
(Colombia); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 291 (Brit. Guiana); id. Cat. Strickl.
Coll. p. 297; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 205.
Above white; back of head and middle of back, except rump,
black: wings and tail black; Scapularies, outer edge of secondaries,
and ends of rectrices white : below white; bill and feet black:
whole length 5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2-2. Female similar.
Hab. Cayenne, Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia.
a. Ad, sk. George Town, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Brown).
b. Ad, sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
c. 3 ad. sk. Cayenne. Jardine Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Surinam. Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. 6 ad. sk. Valencia, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Venezuela. D. Dyson [C].
g. Ad. Sk, Trinidad. Sclater Coll.
D 2
36 TYRANNIDAE.
h. Ad. st. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. Jr. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
7. Ad, sk. S. America. E. Wilson, Esq. [P.].
k. Ad. St. Cayenne. Purchased.
2. Fluvicola albiventris.
Muscicapa albiventer, Spia, Av. Bras. ii. p. 21, pl. 30. f. 1, 2.
Fluvicola albiventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 200; Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 40; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 97;
Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 43; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 577, 594, 978
(Lower Amazons), 1869, p. 633 (Arg. Rep.), et 1879, p. 611
(Bolivia); Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 113 (Buenos Ayres);
Durnford, Ibis, 1878, p. 59 (Buenos Ayres), et 1880, p. 418
(Tucuman); Sel, et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 121.
Fluvicola bicolor, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 343; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii.
p. 520.
Above black; front half of head, narrow band across the rump,
and slight edgings to wing-coverts and outer secondaries white;
beneath white; bill and feet black: whole length 5:5 inches, wing
2.8, tail 2-2. Female similar.
Hab. Amazonia, Bolivia, Brazil, and Argentine Republic.
Distinguished from F. pica by its narrow white rump-band, and,
with this exception, wholly black back.
a. Ad. Sk, Mexiana, Lower Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Wallace).
b. ? ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c, d. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.
e, d ad. sk. Belgrano, Buenos Ayres. H. º
f. Ad, St. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
3. Fluvicola climacura,
OEnanthe clymazura, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 255, pl. 157.
Muscicapa mengeta, Licht. Doubl. p. 56.
Muscicapa mystax, Spia, Av. Bras. ii. pl. 31.a. f. 2.
Muscicapa mystacea, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 22.
Fluvicola cursoria, Sw, Zool. Ill, pl. 46.
Entomophagus mystaceus, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 782.
Platyrhynchus pseudogillia, Less, Rev, Zool. 1839, p. 101.
Fluvicola mystacea, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 519.
Fluvicola climacura, Cab, et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 40; Sel. Cat.
4. B. p. 201; Pelz, Orn. Bras, p. 97; Sol, et. Salv, Nomencl. p. 43;
Forbes, Ibis, 1881, pp. 315, 340 (N.E. Brazil).
. Above white; stripe through the eye and back, except rump, pale
cinereous; wings black; tail black, broadly tipped with white:
beneath white; under wing-coverts cinereous; bill and feet black:
whole length 5:5 inches, wing 2:8, tail 1.5. Female similar.
Hab. Eastern Brazil.
10. ARUNDINICOLA. 37
a, b. Ad. sk. Bahia (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Bahia. Sclater Coll.
d, e, Ad, sk. Pernambuco (Forbes). Salvin–Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.
9. Ad. St. Brazil. Purchased.
4. Fluvicola atripennis.
Fluvicola atripennis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 280; id. Cat. A. B.
p, 201; Sel, et Salv. Womencl. p. 43; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 319,
325 (Peru); id. Orn. Pér, ii. p. 206; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 553 (W. Ecuador).
Similar to F. climacura, but under wing-coverts white, not black,
and wings exteriorly blacker.
Hab. Western Ecuador and Peru,
a, b. 3 ad, sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types
of the species.)
c. 3 a.d. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser), L. Fraser|[C].
d, e. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll.
gomez),
10. ARUNDINICOLA,
Type.
Arundinicola, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 334 (1839) . . . . . . A. leucocephala.
Myiophila, Reichenb. Av. Syst, Nat. t. lxvii. (1850). . A. leucocephala.”
This monotypic form has much of the structure of Fluvicola, but
has a stronger bill and shorter wing. It is a marsh-loving bird, and
is found in suitable localities all over South America from Colombia
to Brazil. The sexes are different.
1. Arundinicola leucocephala.
Pipra leucocephala, Linn, S. N. i. p. 340.
Muscicapa dominicana, Spir, Av. Bras. ii. p. 21, pl. 29. f. 2.
Muscicapa leucocephala, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 822.
Arundinicola leucocephala, Bp. Consp. i. p. 194; d'Orb. Voy., Ois.
p. 334; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 703; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii.
p. 512; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 201; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 98; Sol, et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 43; id. P.Z.S. 1867, p. 978 (E. Peru); 1869, p. 252
(Venezuela), 1873, p. 277 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 611 (Bolivia);
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 332 (Colombia); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 341
(N.E. Brazil); id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 437; Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 291
gº; gianº) Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 207; Scl. et Huds, Arg. Orn.
i. p. 122.
Miº leucocephalus, Cab. in Tsch. Fawn. Per. p. 148.
Dixiphia leucocephala, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 41.
Black; whole head and neck and a patch on the flanks white;
bill horn-colour, base of lower mandible white; feet black ; whole
* Cf. Gray, List of Gen. (1855), p. 48,
38 TYRANNIDAE.
length 5 inches, wing 2:5, tail 1:8. Female. Above cinereous, front
and sides of head whitish; tail black: beneath white; flanks and
under wing-coverts cinerascent. &
Hab. Colombia and southwards to Bolivia and Argentina.
a. 3 ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. 3 a.d. sk. Valencia, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. 9 ad. sk. Maruria, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Q ad. sk. Cayenne. * * Sclater Coll.
e.f. 6 & ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(TWhitely).
g. 3 ad, sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h, i. 3 Q ad. sk. Pernambuco (Forbes) Salvin-Godman Coll.
j, k g º ad, sk. Bahia (Wucherer). Salvin–Godman Coll.
l, m, jad, et dir. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk (Joyner).
m. G ad, sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brazil (Joymer),
o. 6 ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
p, q, 3 a.d. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
11. ALECTRURUS.
Type.
Alectrurus, Vieill. Analyse, p. 39 (1816) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. tricolor.
Gallita, Vieill. Analyse, p. 68 (1816) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. tricolor.
Xenurus, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. tricolor.
Yetapa, Less, Tr. d’Orn, p. 387 (1831). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. risorius.
Psalidura, Gloger, Hand, u. Hilfsb. p. 326 (1842) . . . . A. risorius.
Alectrurus embraces two species, peculiar to the pampas-district
of South America (from S.E. Brazil to the middle of the Argentine
Republic), and at once known by the extraordinary development
of the outer rectrices in the male, which, however, is very different
in the two species. In A. tricolor this peculiar rectrix is only
moderately lengthened, but also laterally developed by the extreme
elongation of the web of the inner wane. In A. risorius it is
Head of Alectrurus risorius 6,
enormously lengthened to nearly four times the length of the normal
feathers; its base is denuded on both sides, and beyond the naked
base the inner web only is much developed, the outer web being

11. ALECTRURUS. 39
hardly apparent. In both species the outer primary is abnormally
shortened, and terminates in the male in a pointed end turning
inwards. In A. risorius the male in the breeding-season altogether
loses the feathers on the throat and sides of the head below the
eyes, and the naked skin becomes of a bright orange colour (see
ex, c). (Cf. Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. ii. p. 140.)
Key to the Species.
A. Smaller; black breast-collar imperfect; external
rectrix of male slightly elongated and broadened 1. tricolor, p. 39.
B. Larger; black breast-collar broad; external rectrix
of male much elongated, not broadened . . . . . . . . 2. risorius, p. 39.
1. Alectrurus tricolor.
Gallito, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 240.
Alectrurus tricolor, Veill. Nouv, Diet. p. 408; id. Enc. Méth. p. 860;
Bp. Consp. i. p. 194; d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p 341; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii.
p. 511; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 201; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 98; Scl. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 611 (Bolivia); iid, Nomencl. p. 43; Sol. et Huds.
Arg. Orn. i. p. 122.
Alectura azarae, Sw. Nat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 96, pl. 6.
Muscicapa alector, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 874; Licht. Doubl. p. 53;
Temºn. Pl. Col. 155.
Muscicapa alectrura, Vieill, Gal. Ois. p. 211, pl. 132.
Gallita tricolor, Vieill. Anal. p. 68.
Alectrurus alector, Less, Tr. d’Orn. i. p. 387.
Above black; rump greyish ; sides of the head, scapularies, lesser
wing-coverts, and outer margins of secondaries white ; tail black,
outer rectrix on each side produced, expanded, fan-shaped : beneath
white, patch on each side of the breast forming an incomplete collar,
black; bill horn-colour; feet black: whole length 7-2 inches,
wing 2:8, tail, outer rectºr. 2:5, middle rectr. 1.5. Female. Above
brown ; rump and lesser wing-coverts pale : beneath dirty white;
sides of breast brown; tail short and even.
Hab. Pampas of South Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine
Republic.
a, b. 3 ad.; c. 2 Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk
d. sk. Brazil (Joyner).
d, id6 ; ad, ; f. 2 Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
810i. SR.
g. 6 jr. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
h. 6 ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.
Å, l. & ad. sk. S. America. Jardine Coll.
ºn, n. Ad, St. Brazil. Dr. J. E. Gray [P].
2. Alectrurus risorius.
Cola rara pardo y blanco, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 244.
Leguira-yetapa, Vieill. Now. Dict. xii. p.409; id. Enc. Méth. p. 861.
Muscicapa risoria, Vieill. Gal. Ois, i. p. 209, pl. 131 (1825).
40 TYRANNIDAE.
Alectrurus risorius, Scl. et Huds. Arg, Orm, i. p. 122. *
Alectrurus guira-yetapa, d'Orb. et Lafº. Syn. Av. i. p. 54 (1887);
d'Orb. Voy, Ois, p. 342; Gray in Zool, Woy, ‘Beagle, p. iii. p. 51 ;
Bp. Consp. i. p. 194; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 201; Pelz. Orn, Braş,
p. 98; Sol, et Salv. Womencl. p. 43; Durnford, Ibis, 1878, p.60
(Buenos Ayres); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii. p. 140
(Entrerios); Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 279 (Paysandú).
Muscicapa psalura, Maa. Beitr. iii. p. 877; Temm. Pl. Col. 286, 296.
Yetapa psalura, Less. Tr. d’Orn. i. p. 387.
Psalidura guirayetapa, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 43. e
Alectrurus psalurus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 510; id. La-Plata Reise,
ii. p. 457.
Above black, rump grey; front varied with white; wings black:
scapularies, outer margins of wing-feathers, and coverts white ;
tail black; two outer rectrices much elongated, denuded at the
base, with a broad inner and no outer vane: beneath white, broad
band across the breast black; throat in the breeding-season bare of
feathers and of a bright orange; bill yellowish ; feet black: whole
length 11 inches, wing 3, tail, outer rectr. 8, middle 2. Female.
Above brown, wings varied with white; sides of head white:
beneath white, breast-band pale brown ; tail with the two outer
rectrices slightly elongated and denuded, terminated with spatula–
tions on the inner vane.
Hab. Pampas of Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentine Republic.
a. c ad, sk. La Plata. Sclater Coll.
b. 6 ad. sk. Maldonado. Capt. Fitzroy [P.].
c. 3 ad. sk. Paysandú, Uruguay (Gibson). Sclater Coll.
6, Jr. sk. Lugan Bridge, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C].
6. * A v. C.’ ” " * , ,
12. CYBERNETES. Type
Gubernetes, Such, Zool. Journ. ii. p. 114 (1825) . . . . . . . . . . C. yetapa.
Cybernetes, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 42 (1859) , , , , C, yetapa.
This monotypic form, although obviously allied to the preceding,
is at once recognizable by its peculiar elongated and much graduated
tail, of much stiffened feathers. It inhabits the pampas-districts of
S.E. Brazil and the adjoining countries, extending into the north of
the Argentine Republic.
1. Cybernetes yetapa.
Yiperu, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 322.
Muscicapa yetapa, Vieill. Wouw. Dict. xxi. p. 460 (1818); id. Enc.
Méth. p. 834.
Tyrannus bellulus, Vieill. Nouv. Diet. xxxv. p. 75 (1819); id. Enc,
Méth. p. 846; Puch, Arch. Mus, Par. vii. p. 360.
Muscicapa yiperu, Licht. Doubl. p. 52.
Muscicapa longicauda, Spin, Av. Bras. ii. p. 14, pl. 17.
Gubernétes cunninghamii, Such, Zool, joºn. ii. p. 114, pl. 4.
13. SISOPYGIs. 41
Gubernetes forficatus, Sw, Nat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 92, pl. 5.
Tyrannus cunninghamii, Less, Tr. d’Orn. p. 382. * *
Gubernetes yiperu, Hartl. Ind, Az, p. 5; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii.
. 509.
Alectrurus yetapa, d'Orb. Voy, Ois, p. 342.
Cybernetes yetapa, Cab, et Hein, Mus, Hein. ii. p. 42; Sel. Cat. A. B.
p.203; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 99; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 611
(Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 43; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 604
(Misiones); Sol. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 124.
Above hoary grey, with lineiform blackish shaft-stripes; wings
black, with a large chestnut-brown patch occupying the outer webs
of the inner primaries; tail of twelve much graduated feathers,
black ; outer web of external rectrix white : beneath as above but
rather paler; throat and crissum white ; patch on each side of the
neck and collar across the neck dark chestnut-brown ; under wing-
coverts and inner webs of wing-feathers white; bill pale brown,
feet black: whole length 16 inches, wing 5, tail, ext, rectr. 12-5,
middle 2-6. Female similar, not quite so bright.
Hab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and northern part of La
Plata.
a. Ad, sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Brazil, Jardine Coll.
c, d. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin–Godman Coll.
e. 6 a.d. sk. Misiones, Arg. Rep. (White). Salvin-Godman Coll.
..f. Ad. st. Brazil. Purchased.
13. SISOPYGIS, Type
Sisopygis, Cab, et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 46 (1859) . . S. icterophrys.
A single species, of abnormal colouring for this group of the Ty-
rannidae, but usually referred here, forms the type and only known
species of Sisopygis, so called from its superficial resemblance to
Motacilla. Sisopygis builds in bushes, makes an open nest, and lays
3 or 4 white eggs spotted, mostly at the larger end, with reddish
(d'Orb.).
1. Sisopygis icterophrys.
Suiriri obscuro y amarillo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 118.
Mºjº icterophrys, Vieill. Wouv, Dict. xxi. p. 458; d. Eno, Máth.
p. 832.
Muscicapa chrysochloris, Mar. Beitr. iii. p. 793.
Suiriri, icterophrys, d'Orº, Woy, Ois. p. 338; Strick. Ann. & Mag.
N. H. xiii. p. 414, pl. 12 (1844).
Taenioptera icterophrys, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 518; id. La-Plata
Reise, ii. p. 460.
Fº º Bp. Consp. p. 195; Darw. Zool, Voy. ‘Beagle,
111. O, Öğ.
Tº cinchoneti, Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 151, pl. 8. f. 2.
Sisopygis icterophrys, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 46; Sel. Cat.
4. B. p. 202; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 98; Sol. et Salo. Nomencl.
p. 43; iid P. Z. S. 1868, p. 141 (Buenos Ayres); Durnford,
42 TYRANNIDAE.
Ibis, 1876, p. 159, 1877, p. 176, et 1880, p. 419 (Buenos Ayres);
Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 39 (Buenos Ayres); White, P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 604 (Arg, Rep.); Berl, et Jher. Zeitschr, Orn. 1885, p. 128
(Rio Grande do Sul); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 141
(Entrerios); Scl. et Huds, Arg. Orn, i. p. 125.
Above bright olive-green, head rather greyish, lores and super-
ciliary stripe yellow ; wings blackish, broad ends of coverts and
outer edges of secondaries dirty white ; tail blackish: beneath bright
yellow, sides of breast and flanks olivaceous; under wing-coverts
whitish ; bill dark horn-colour, feet black: whole length 6:1 inches,
wing 3-5, tail 27. Female similar, but not quite so bright.
Hab, S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Northern La Plata, and
highlands of Bolivia and Peru.
a. Ad. St. Brazil. Zool. Soc. Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. Sk. S. Brazil. Purchased.
d, e. 9 a.d. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brazil (Joyner).
f, g. Ad. sk. S. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
h, i. Ad, sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C].
.j, Ad. St. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres, H. Durnford [C].
k, Q Ad, sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Salvin-Godman Coll,
(Hudson).
!. Ad. sk. Uruguay (P). C. Darwin [C].
14. CNIPOLEGUS. Type
Rnipolegus, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. comatus.
Ada, Less. Tr. d’Orn, p. 388 (1831) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. nigerrimus.
Sericoptila, Bp. Ann. d. So, Nat. Sér. 4, Zool. i. p. 134
(1854). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. cyanirostris".
This is a well-marked group of about eleven species, in which the
males are mostly of a nearly uniform, more or less shining black
or cinereous, and the females generally brown and variegated. The
genus is most highly developed in the pampas-districts of the South,
but one or two smaller species range up to the Orinoco.
Key to the Species.
A, General colour black.
a. Crested: size larger.
§. alike; size larger . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. comatus, p, 43.
Sexes different; size smaller . . . . . . . . 2. nigerrimus, p. 43.
b. Not crested: size smaller.
a'. Inner webs of primaries white,
a”. White of primaries more definite:
larger : wing 35 . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. anthracinus, p. 44.
middle: wing 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. aterrimus, p. 44.
smaller: wing 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. hudsoni, p. 45.
b°. White on primaries less definite. ... 6. cyanirostris, p. 46.
* Cf. Gray's Cat, of Gen. (1855), p. 145.
14. CNIPOLEGUS. 43
b'. Inner webs of primaries dark slato-
colour:
larger: outer primaries normal .. 7, whicolor, p. 47.
smaller: outer primaries acumi-
nated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, pusillus, p. 47.
B. General colour slaty or grey :
c. Olivaceous slaty; wing 31 . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. orenocensis, p. 47.
d. Cinereous:
larger : wing 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. cabanisi, p. 47.
łºś : wing 2:2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. cinereus, p. 47.
1. Cnipolegus comatus.
Muscicapa comata, Licht. Doubl. p. 55; Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 819.
Knipolegus lophotes, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973.
Muscicapa galeata, Spia, Av. Bras. ii. p. 20, pl. 27 (6).
Blechropus cristatus, Sw. Wat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 99, pl. 7.
Cnipolegus comatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 195; Kaup, Journ. f. Orn. 1853,
p. 29; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 513; Heine, Journ. f. Orn. 1859,
p. 330; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 46; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 202;
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 98; Sol. et Salv. Womencl. p. 43; Berl. et Jher.
Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 128 (Rio Grande do Sul).
Crested; uniform glossy black; wings and tail brownish, margined
with black; large patch occupying the bases of the inner webs of the
wing-feathers white; bill and feet black: whole length 8:5 inches,
wing 4-8, tail 4. Female similar.
Hab. Campos of S.E. Brazil.
The large size and crested head render this fine species easily re-
cognizable. The sexes are similar (cf. v. Pelzeln, op. cit.).
a. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
b, c, d ? ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
d. Ad. sk. S. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Brazil. Purchased.
f. Ad. St. Brazil. Purchased.
2. Cnipolegus nigerrimus.
Muscicapa nigerrima, Vieill. Wouw. Dict. xxi. p. 453; id. Enc. Méth.
p. 828.
Muscicapa galeata, Spia, Av. Bras. ii. p. 20, pl. 28 (?).
Ada * Less, Tr. d’Orn, i. p. 388 (6), et A. rufogularis, Less.
*bid. (Q).
Cnipolegus lafresnayi, Kaup, Journ. f. Orn. 1853, p. 29 (jr.).
Cnipolegus nigerrimus, Heine, Journ. f. Orn. 1859, p. 332; Scl. Cat,
A. B. p. 202; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 98; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 43.
Sericoptila nigerrima, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 47.
Sub-crested : uniform black; a large patch on the lower halves
of the inner webs of the wing-feathers white; bill plumbeous, feet
black ; whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 3-3. Female similar, but
throat striated with rufous.
FIab, S.E. Brazil.
44 TYRANNIDAE.
The lesser crest, smaller size, and shorter plumbeous bill serve to
distinguish this species from C. comatus. As regards the curious
sexual difference of the female cf. Pelzeln, op. cit.
a. SP ad. St. Brazil. Purchased.
b, c. 3 Q ad, sk. S. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
d, e. d ? ad. sk. |Brazil. Jardine Coll.
f. 6 ad, sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
g, h. 3 9 a.d. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
2. SP ad. sk. Drazil. J. Gould, Esq.
j, k, d ad, sk. Brazil. Purchased.
3. Cnipolegus aterrimus.
Fluvicola migerrima, d'Orb. et Lafr, Syn, Av. i. p. 59.
Ada nigerrima, d'Orb. Voy, Ois, p. 340.
Cnipolegus aterrimus, Kaup, Journ, f. Orn. 1853, p. 29; Heine,
J. f. O. 1859, p. 334; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 202; Sol, et Salv. Nomencl.
43
Selicoptila aterrima, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 46.
Cnipolegus anthracinus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533; id. Orn. Pér.
ii. p. 208 (6) P
Uniform dull black; a broad bar across the bases of the inner
webs of the wing-feathers white; bill plumbeous; feet black: whole
length 6 inches, wing 3-3, tail 2-9. Female. Ashy brown, rump and ,
upper tail-coverts bright rufous; wings blackish, ends of coverts
(forming two bands) and outer margins of secondaries white; bases
of the outer webs of the primaries rufous ; tail, apical portion
blackish, basal portion bright rufous, like the tail-coverts: below
pale fulvous, whiter on the belly; bill and feet black.
Hab. Bolivia.
a, b. 3 Q ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c, d. 3 SP ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
e, f. 6 @ ad, sk.; Sorata, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
. Jr. sk.
h. % ad. sk. Sorata, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
2. G ad. sk. Bolivia (D. Forbes). Sclater Coll.
j. Q ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.
ſº, l. & Q ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Eyton Coll.
m, n. 9 a.d. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
0. Ad. St. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
4. Cnipolegus anthracinus.
Cnipolegus anthracinus, Heine, J. f. O. 1859, p. 334; Scl. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 43; Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 197 (Cordova); Sol, et Huds.
Arg. Orn. i. p. 126.
Cnipolegus aterrimus, White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 604; Salv. Ibis, 1880,
p. 356 (Salta).
Mºº * Leybold, J. f. O. 1865, p. 402 (Q); cf. Cab. J. f. O.
, p. 197.
Cnipolegus cyanirostris, Burm. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 457.
14. CNIPOLEGUS. 45
Similar to C. aterrimus, but rather larger, and the white bar
across the under surface of the wing rather wider: whole length
6-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 3.
Hab. Northern part of Argentine Republic.
I suppose this to be the Cnipolegus anthracinus of Heine, as
subsequently explained by Cabanis; the bird assigned to it (doubt-
fully) as its female by Heine belonging (probably) to C. nigerrimus.
The female of the present species is just like that of C. aterrimus,
and I consider it somewhat doubtful whether the two forms are
really distinct.
a, b. 3 Q ad, sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Weiss- Salvin-Godman Coll.
haupt).
c. 2 ad. sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Weiss- Sclater Coll.
haupt).
d, e. d ? ad, sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Weiss- Purchased.
haupt).
f. 6 a.d. sk. Mendoza (Burmeister). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Ó ad, sk. Mendoza (Burmeister). Sclater Coll.
h. P ad. sk. Mendoza. Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Ad, sk. Mendoza. Sclater Coll.
j, k, d ? ad, sk. Pampas of Argentine Rep. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Leybold).
J. & ad. sk. Cordova, rep. Arg. (Schulz). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. SP ad. sk. Salta, rep. Arg. H. Durnford [C.j.
n, d ad. sk. Argentine Republic. T. Bridges [C.].
5. Cnipolegus hudsoni.
\\, . "W
* \\
\\ ń\\\\\\\\\\
w § \\ º M
bill, foot, and under surface of left wing of Chipolegus hudsoni.
(From P.Z. S. 1872, p. 542.)
|




46 TYRANNIDAE.
Cnipolegus hudsoni, Sol. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 541, pl. xxxi.; Scl. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 43; White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 39 (?); Sci, et Huds. Arg.
Orn. i. p. 126.
Uniform dull black : a broad bar across the bases of the inner
webs of the wing-feathers white ; two outer primaries much pointed
at their extremities; bill plumbeous, feet black: whole length
6 inches, wing 2:8, tail 2’6.
Hab. Rio Negro of Patagonia.
This species is at once distinguishable from the two preceding by
its smaller size, and the peculiar narrowed outer remiges.
a, b, c ad, sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Sclater Coll.
(Hudson). (Types of the species.)
c. 3 ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Hudson).
d. 6 a.d. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia Purchased.
(Hudson).
6. Cnipolegus cyanirostris.
Suiriri negro pico celeste, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 116 (6).
Suiriri cabeza y rabadilla de canela, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 109 (§2).
Muscicapa cyanirostris, Vieill. Now. Dict. xxi. p. 447; id. Enc. Méth.
. 823 (6).
wº ruficapilla, Vieill. Nouv. Dict, xxi. p. 459; id. Enc. Méth.
. 833 (S2).
wºul, Licht, in Nordm. Atl, p. 15 (Q).
Cnipolegus cyanirostris, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 973; Bp. Consp. i. p. 195;
Raup, Journ, f. Orn. 1853, p. 29; Heine, op. cit. 1859, p. 335; Sel.
Cat. A. B. p. 203; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 98; Burm. La-Plata Reise,
ii. p. 457; Sol. et Salv. Womencl. p. 43; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871,
p. 304; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 141 (Entrerios); Berl.
at Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 128 (Rio Grande do Sul); Sel, et
FIuds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 127.
Sericoptila cyanirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 47.
|Uniform dull black; inner webs of the wing-feathers margined
with dull white; bill plumbeous, feet dark brown : whole length
5-7 inches, wing 3, tail 2-6. Female. Dark cinnamomeous brown,
brighter on the head and rump; wings blackish, wing-coverts and
secondaries edged with pale rufous; tail blackish brown ; outer
margins of outer rectrices and inner webs of all the rectrices except
the two middle bright rufous: below pale fulvous, densely striated
with blackish ; bill and feet brown.
Hab. Southern Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and La Plata.
At once distinguishable from C. hudsoni by the normal shape of
the outer primaries, and the smaller size and duller colour of the
white patch underneath the wing.
a, b, d ? ad, sk. La Plata, Sclater Coll.
c. 3 ad. Sk. Uruguay. Alan Peel º
d, e. g. ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
f 3 a.d.; g. 6 jr. sk. Brazil. Purchased.
h, i. 9 ad. Sk, Brazil. Purchased.
j. 6 a.d. st. S. America, Jardine Coll.
14. CNIPOLEGUS. 47
7. Cnipolegus unicolor.
Cnipolegus unicolor, Kaup, J. f. O. 1853, p. 29; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 99; Sel. et Salv. Womencl. p. 43; Heine, J. f. O. 1859, p. 337.
Sericophila unicolor, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 46.
Uniform dull black; under surface of wings slaty black; bill
plumbeous, feet black: whole length 6 inches, wing 3-1, tail 28.
Hab. Upper Amazonia.
a. c ad, sk. Pebas, Peru. Salvin–Godman Coll.
8. Cnipolegus pusillus.
Cnipolegus unicolor, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 577.
Cnipolegus pusillus, Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 158.
Uniform dull black; under surface of wings uniform dark
schistaceous; three outer primaries acuminated; bill dark plum-
beous; feet brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2:4, tail 2.
Hab. Lower Amazons.
The Small size and acuminated primaries at once distinguish this
species.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Lower Amazons (Wallace). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
` 9. Cnipolegus Orenocensis.
Cnipolegus Orenocensis, Berl, Ibis, 1884, p. 433, pl. xii.
Dark slaty, with an olivaceous tinge; head black; wings and
tail blackish ; bill plumbeous, tip black; feet black: whole length
6-4 inches, wing 3-1, tail 2-9.
Hab. Angostura, Orinoco.
I have examined the typical specimen of this species in Graf H.
v. Berlepsch's collection. It is at present unique.
~10. Cnipolegus cabanisi.
Cnipolegus cabanisi, Schulz, J. f. O. 1882, p. 462; Sel. et Huds. Arg.
Orn, i. p. 128.
Nearly uniform olivaceous slate-colour: below rather paler;
wings and tail black: whole length 5:5 inches, wing 3", tail 27.
Female brownish olive, below paler; wings blackish, slightly edged
with rufous ; tail black, with broad rufous margins to the inner
webs and narrow to the outer webs; bill brown, feet dark brown.
Hab. Prov. Tucuman, rep. Arg.
a, Q ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. (Schulz). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. ? ad, sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. (Schulz). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. St. Argentine Rep. E. Wilson, Esq.
11. Cnipolegus cimereus.
Cnipolegus cinereus, Sol. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 58, et 1879, p. 460; Sel, et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 43; Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 197; Salv. Ibis,
1880, p. 357, pl.x.; Scl. et Huds. Arg, Orn, i. p. 128.
48 TYRANNIDAE.
Dark cinereous, paler and more olivaceous on the back and
wings; edges of wing-coverts and secondaries rather lighter: below
paler, throat and breast blackish like the head; inner margins of
wing-feathers whitish; outer primaries acuminated; bill plumbeous,
feet black: whole length 4-6 inches, wing 2:2, tail 2:3. Female.
Brownish cinereous; cap and rump rufous ; wings blackish, tips of
coverts and edges of outer secondaries whitish ; tail blackish, inner
webs of all the lateral rectrices except the tips rufous: beneath
whitish, striated with ashy on the throat, breast, and flanks; bill
brownish, feet black.
Hab. Northern Provinces of Argentine Republic.
Much smaller than C. cabanisi, and with the head of the female
rufous.
a, b. 3 & ad. sk. Salta, rep. Arg, H. Durnford §
c. & ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. H. Durnford [C.].
d. 9 a.d. sk. Cordova, rep, Arg, (Doering). Sclater Coll.
15. LICHENOPS.
Type.
Lichenops, Sund. K. Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1835, p. 88... L. perspicillata.
Perspicilla, Sw, Class. B. ii. p. 257 (1837). . . . . . . . L. perspicillata.
This monotypic form is closely allied to Cnipolegus, but of rather
stronger make, and distinguished by the fleshy caruncle round the
eye. It extends from Bolivia and Southern Brazil southwards to
Patagonia and Chili.
1. Lichenops perspicillata.
Motacilla perspicillata, Gm. S. W. i. p. 969.
Suiriri chorreado, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 117 (9).
Muscicapa nigricans, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxi. p. 454.
(Enanthe perspicillata, Vieill, ibid, p. 433.
Ada perspicillata, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 339.
Perspicilla leucoptera, Sw, Nat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 105, pl. 9.
Lichenops perspicillata et L. erythroptera, Darw. Zool. Voy. “Beagle,”
iii. pp. 51, 52, pl. 9.
Lichenops perspicillata, Bp. Consp. p. 194; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.
ii. p. 47; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 203; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 99; Burm.
La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 457; Scl. et Salv, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 141, et
1879, p. 612; iid. Nomencl. p. 43; Durnf. Ibis, 1876, p. 159,
1877, pp. 34, 176, 1878, pp. 60, 394, et 1880, p. 411 (rep. Arg.);
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 604 (rep. Arg.); Barrows, Bull. Nutt.
Orn. C. viii. p. 141 (Entrerios); Sel, et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 129.
Uniform black; primaries pure white, with black tips and
bases; fleshy ring round the eye and bill yellow ; feet black:
whole length 5-6 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2:4. Female. Above dark
brown, with light brown edgings to the feathers; remiges chestnut,
with dark brown tips; wing-coverts dark brown, with fulvous tips:
beneath fulvous white, breast with dark striations; under wing-
coverts fulvous; bill yellowish ; feet black.
Hab. Southern Bolivia and S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay,
La Plata, Chili, and Patagonia.
16. MUSCIPIPRA.
49
a. 6 a.d. st. Maldonado, Uruguay. C. Darwin [C.].
b, c. 6 a.d. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.j.
d. 6 a.d. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
e. 9 a.d. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin–Godman Coll.
Brazil (Joyner).
f. 2 a.d. sk. Maldonado, Uruguay Eyton Coll.
(Darwin).
g. Q ad. sk. Maldonado, Uruguay Capt. Fitzroy [P.].
(Darwin).
h. Q ad, sk. Alvear, Uruguay. Alan Peel [C.].
8. Q ad. sk. Paraguay. Sclater Coll.
j, k, d ad. sk. Belgrano, rep. Arg. H. Durnford [C].
l, m, d ad. sk. Conchitas, rep. Arg. Sclater Coll.
(Hudson).
n, 0. 6. Q ad. sk. Paraná, rep. Arg. Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Burmeister).
p. 3 a.d. sk. Punta Lara, rep. Arg. II. Durnford [C.]
q. 6 ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (White). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. & ad. sk. Santiago, Chili (Reed). Sclater Coll.
S. Q ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Markham).
t, w, d ? ad. sk. Chili. Zool. Soc. Coll.
v. 9 a.d. sk. Chili. T. Bridges [C.].
w, v. Q ad. sk. Chili. Gould Coll.
3/. 6 a.d. sk. Chili. Purchased.
z. d ad. sk. S. America. Gould Coll.
a', b'. 3 & ad. sk. S. America. Purchased.
16. MUSCIPIPRA.
Type.
Muscipipra, Less. Tº d'Orº. p. 387 (1831) : . . . . . . . . . . . . M. vetula.
Ictiniscus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 42 (1859) . . . . . . M. vetula.
A monotypic form, apparently allied to Copurus and Cybernetes,
but with a tail more like that of Milvulus.
S.E. Brazil.
1. Muscipipra vetula.
It is restricted to
Muscicapa vetula, Licht. Doubl. p. 53; Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 15,
l. 18
pl. 16.
Muscicapa pullata, Bp. Journ. Acad. Philad. iv. p. 383.
Tyrannus longipes, Sw, Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 283.
Milvulus longipennis, Jard. et Selb. Ill. Orn. pl. 42; Sw. Class. Birds,
ii. p. 225,
Muscipipra longipennis, Less, Tr. d’Orn. i. p. 387; id. Rev. Zool. 1839,
43.
Máºils vetulus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 192; Burm, Syst. Ueb, ii. p. 468.
Ictiniscus vetulus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 42.
Muscipipra vetula, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 204; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 99;
Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44.
Dicrurus marginatus, Blyth, Ibis, 1865, p. 46 (cf. Scl. P. Z. S. 1878,
p. 339),
INearly uniform plumbeous, with very slightly marked blackish
WOL., XIV.
E
50 TYRANNIDAE.
//) 7
shaft-stripes on the head, back, and breast ; wings and tail black :
outer web of outer rectrix whitish : below rather paler, and more
whitish on throat and under wing-coverts : whole length 9 inches,
wing 4:3; tail, outer rectr. 44, middle 3.
Hab. South-eastern Brazil.
a. G ad. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin–Godman Coll.
b, c. 3 Q ad, sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
d. 6 a.d. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
9. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
h. Ad, sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
7. Jr. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
j. Ad. St. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
k. Ad, st. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq. [P.].
17. COPURUS. T
ype.
Copurus, Strickl, P. Z. S. 1841, p. 28 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. colonus.
After examining a number of skins I have felt obliged to reduce
the number of recognizable species of this genus to two, as I find
intermediate forms between C. colonus and C. fuscicapillus, which I
formerly considored distinguishable.
Copurus extends from Nicaragua southwards throughout
Colombia and Amazonia down to Paraguay. The curious elongated
pair of median rectrices render it easily distinguishable. It is said
to breed in holes of trees (Nutting, l. i. c.).
Key to the Species.
A. Interscapulium uniform black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. colonus, p. 50.
B. Interscapulium variegated with greyish white 2. leuconotus, p. 51.
1: Copurus colonus.
Colom, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 114.
Muscicapa colonus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxi. p. 448; id. Enc. Méth.
. 824. t
Pºnchus platurus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxvii. p. 17; id. Enc.
Méth. p. 839.
Muscipetaleucocilla, Hahn, Ausl. Vog. Lief. 9. pl. 2.
Platyrhynchus filicauda, Spiz, Av. Bras, ii. p. 12, pl. 14.
Muscipeta monacha, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 925.
Copurus filicauda, Strickl. P. Z. S. 1841, p. 29; Tsch. Faun. Per.
Aves, p. 157; Burm. Syst, Ueb. ii. p. 507; Bp. Consp. i. p. 194;
Selater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 113.
Copurus colonus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 41; Sel. P. Z. S.
1861, p. 381; id. Cat. A. B. p. 204; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 100;
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 304; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533; id. Orn, Pér. ii. p. 209.
Copurus funebris, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 41.
17. CoPURUs. 51
Cº. leuconotus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148, et 1858, p. 71 (nec
(17.7°. ).
ofº'ºu. Sclafer, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 381; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 204; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44.
Above black; head greyish white, varying to dark grey, and
sometimes almost black; rump white: beneath dull black, under
surface of wings slaty black; two middle rectrices produced to
three times the length of the laterals, and denuded at their bases,
thence provided with equal narrow webs on both sides; bill and feet
black : whole length 9:5 inches, wing 3:2; tail, middle rectr. 7,
lat. 2'4. Female similar, but elongated median rectrices not so long.
Hab. Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia.
a, b. Ad. Sk, Novo Fribourgo, Prov. of Salvin-Godman Coll.
Rio, Brazil (Youds).
c. Ad. sk. Rio Janeiro. R. H. Wood [P.].
d. 9 a.d. sk. Saô Paulo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
f, g. Ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brazil (Joyner).
h. Ad, sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
Jº, l. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
m–0. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
p, q, Ad. et jr. sk. San José, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
*—t, Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types
of C. fuscicapillus.)
w. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin–Godman Coll.
v. Ad. ; w. Jr. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
a. Ad. sk. S. America. Purchased.
2,400purus leuconotus.
Copurus leuconotus, Lafº. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 335; BP. Consp. i.
p. 194; Selater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 294, 1861, p. 382; d. Cat. A. B.
p. 204; Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 42; Sel. et Salv, Nomencl.
p. 44; iid P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358 (Panama), 1867, p. 279 (Mosquitia),
et 1879, p. 511 (Antioquia); Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 146 (Veragua);
id. Ibis, 1872, p. 318 (Nicaragua), 1885, p. 291 (Brit. Guiana);
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 332 (Colombia); Nutting, P. U. S. N. M.
1883, p. 402; Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 297.
Copurus poecilonotus, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 703. --
Above and below black; head greyish, varying to sooty brown;
middle of back variegated with greyish white; rump white; middle
rectrices elongated as in preceding species : bill and feet black : whole
length 10 inches, wing 3; tail, med. rectr. 7-5, lat. 24.
Hab. Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Western Ecuador,
and Cayenne.
a, b. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c, d. Ad. et jr. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Jr. sk. San José, Costalſ&ica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. Sk, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll,
g. & ad. sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé), Sclater Coll.
R 2
52 TYRANNID.E.
h, Ad. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
t,j. 6 2 ad sk. Lion Hill, Isthm. of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
(McLeannam).
k. 6 a.d. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
l, Ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Isthm. of Pa- Salvin-Godman Coll.
mama (Hughes).
m. Q ad. sk. Remedios, U.S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n. Jr. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
o, Jr. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq.
p. Jr. sk. Colombia. Salvin–Godman Coll.
q. 6 a.d. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
r. & ad. sk. Cayenne. hº Rothery, Esq.
s, t. 3 ad, ; w. Jr. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
sk.
v. Ad, sk. S. America. Jardine Coll.
18. MACHETORNIS.
Type.
Chrysolophus, Sw, Class. B. ii. p. 225 (1837). . . . . . . . . . . . M. rixosa.
Machetornis, G. R. Gray, List of Gen. p. 41 (1841). . . . . , M. rixosa.
This is a large strong form, with a long bill and strong tarsi,
belonging, no doubt, to the Taeniopterinae, but simulating the true
Tyrants in colour and crest. D’Orbigny found it breeding in the
chambered nests of Anumbius acuticaudatus, which it appropriated,
and laying pale rose-coloured eggs spotted with reddish.
1. Machetornis rixosa.
Suiriri, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 148.
Tyrannus rixosus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxxv. p. 85; id. Enc. Méth.
. 852.
Mººn joazeiro, Spia, Av. Bras. ii. p. 17, pl. 23.
Muscicapa miles, Maa. Beitr. iii. p. 850.
Tyrannus ambulans, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 279.
Chrysolophus ambulans, Sw, Class. Birds, ii. p. 225.
Pepoaza rixosa, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 350.
Saurophagus rixosus, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 48.
Machetornis rixosa, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 514; id. La-Plata Reise,
ii. p. 458; Bp. Consp. i. p. 193; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 45;
Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 204: Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 100; Taylor, Ibis,
1864, p. 85 (Venezuela); Sel, et Salo. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 142, 168,
et 1879, p. 612 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 44; Hudson, P. Z. S.
1874, p. 173 (Buenos Ayres); Durnford, Ibis, 1876, p. 159,
1877, p. 177, et 1880, p. 422 (Buenos Ayres); Salvin, Ibis, 1880,
p. 357 (Salta); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 341 (N.E. Brazil); White,
P. Z. S. 1882, p. 604 (Arg, Rep.); Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 279
(Paisandú); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 142 (Entrerios);
Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn, 1885, p. 129 (Rio Grande do Sul);
Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 131.
Above brownish olive; wings and tail brown, the latter terminated
by a yellowish band; middle of cap occupied by a scarlet crest:
beneath bright yellow, paler on the throat; bill and feet black:
whole length 7-2 inches, wing 3-9, tail 3.5. Female similar, but
rather duller. Young without the scarlet crest.
19. MUSCISAXICOLA. 53
Hab. Pampas of S.E. Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, La
Plata, and Venezuela.
a—c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Jr. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
e. §2 ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres (Hud- Salvin-Godman Coll.
SO??, ),
J. & ad. sk. rºy Sclater Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Salta, rep. Arg. H. Durnford [C.].
ſh. Ad. sk. Bolivia, T. Bridges [C.].
º, j. Ad. sk. S. America. Zool. Soc. Coll.
Å. Ad, sk. S. America. E. Wilson, Esq. [P.J.
19. MUSCISAXICOLA.*
Type.
Muscisaxicola, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 65 (1837). M. rufivertex.
“Ptionura, Gould,” G. R. Gray, List of Gen. ed. i.
p. 24 (1840) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. rufivertex.
The Muscisaaricolae constitute a well-marked group of abnormal
Tyrannidae, peculiar to the Patagonian Region and to the higher
Andes of the more northern parts of South America, and simulating
the Motacillae of the Old World in their habits and somewhat also
in their structure. Their tarsi are long and strong, their wings
long, their beak compressed, and the rictal bristles almost altogether
obsolete, so that at first sight they would hardly be taken for
Tyrannidae at all. The plumage in this genus is generally cinere-
ous with but slight markings; the tail-coverts and tail are blackish
or black in all the known species, with a white outer margin to the
outer rectrix.
Key to the Species.
A. Inner webs of wing-feathers grey, edged
with whitish.
a. Bill uniform black.
a'. Without a muchal spot.
a". Lores and superciliaries white; no
mental spot.
a". Forehead brownish cinereous:
larger; wing 6 in. . . . . . . . . 1. albifrons, p. 54.
Smaller; wing 5-3 in. . . . . . . 2. alpina, p. 54.
b'". Forehead cinereous . . . . . . . . . . 3. grisea, p. 55.
c". Forehead black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. nigrifrons, p. 55.
b". Lores and superciliaries cinereous 5. cinerea, p. 55.
c". Lores blackish ; mental spot brown 6. macloviana, p. 56.
b'. With a distinct nuchal spot.
d". Nuchal spot yellowish . . . . . . . . . . 7. flavinucha, p. 57.
e". Nuchal spot reddish.
d". Body above brownish cinereous:
nuchal spot brighter . . . . . . 8. rubricapilla, p. 57.
| nuchal spot duller . . . . . . . . 9. juninensis, p. 58.
* Species not known to me are:—Ptyonura capistrata, Burm. La-Plata Reise,
ii. p. 461; Muscisawicola brunnea, Gould, Woy. Beagle, Zool. iii. p. 84; and
M. striaticeps, d'Orb. et Lafr. ; d'Orb. Woy. p. 356, t. xli. fig. 1.
54 TYRANNIDAE.
e". Body above clear cinereous;
nuchal spot bright rufous . . . . 10, ruftvertea, p. 58.
b. Bill with a brown spot at the base:
larger; wings uniform . . . . . . . . . . 11. maculirostris, p. 59.
{º}. wings banded with rufous. 12, fluviatilis, p. 59.
B. Inner webs of wing-feathers rufous. . . . . . 13. rufipennis, p. 60.
1. Muscisaxicola albifrons.
Ptyonura albifrons, Tsch. Fawn. Per., Aves, p. 167, pl. 12, fig. 2; Bo.
Consp. i. p. 196.
Mºtº albifrons, Ph. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, i. p. 78;
Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 986, et 1868, p. 569 (S. Peru); iid.
Nomencl. p. 44; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533 (Peru); id. Orn. Pér.
ii. p. 209.
Above brownish cinereous; front white; lores black; wing-
coverts and edges of secondaries light cinereous; primaries blackish
towards their tips; upper tail-coverts and tail blackish, outer
margins of outer rectrices white: beneath pale cinereous, almost white
on belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts; bill and feet black:
whole length 9 inches, wing 6, tail 4. Female similar.
Hab. Central and Southern Peru.
The large size renders this fine species easily distinguishable
from its congeners.
a. SP ad. sk. Salinas, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
b. 6 a.d. sk. Ninabanba, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. Sk. Peru. Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Muscisaxicola alpina.
Taenioptera alpina, Jard. Contr. Orn. 1849, p. 47, t. 21.
Muscisaxicola albifrons, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 78; id. Ibis, 1866, p. 57;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 205 (err.).
Muscisaxicola alpina, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 92; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 44; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 986.
Above brownish cinereous : front and short superciliaries white;
upper tail-coverts and tail blackish, outer margin of outer rectrix
white : beneath pale cinereous, passing into white on the belly,
crissum, and under wing-coverts; bill and feet black: whole length
7-5 inches, wing 5-3, tail 3:4. Female similar.
Hab. Andes of Western Ecuador.
Very like M. albifrons, but much smaller.
a—c. Ad, sk. Andes of Quito (Jameson). Jardine Coll.
(Types of the species.)
d. & ad. sk. Panza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Guagua Pichincha, Ecuador Sclater Coll.
(Fraser). º
f Ad. sk. Chimborazo. L. Fraser [C.].
g, h. Ad, sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
i. Ad, sk. Ecuador. Purchased,
19. MUSCISAXICOLA. 55
3. Muscisaxicola grisea.
Muscisaxicola grisea, Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 213.
Above cinereous; lores and short superciliaries whitish ; upper
tail-coverts and tail black; outer margin of outer rectrix white :
below pale cinereous, passing into white on belly, crissum, and
under wing-coverts; bill and feet black: whole length 6:8 inches,
wing 5, tail 3-3. Female similar, but rather smaller.
Hab. Central Peru.
A species not very distinct from M. cinerea, but rather larger and
with the white superciliaries better indicated.
a, b, d ? ad. sk. Ninabanba, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
4. Muscisaxicola nigrifrons.
Muscisaxicola nigrifrons, Phil. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, i.
p. 101; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44; Sel. Ibis, 1866, pp. 58, 59;
id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 326, 338 (Chili).
Ptyomura frontalis, Burm. J. f. O. 1860, p. 248; id La-Plata Reise,
ii. p. 462 (?).
Above cinereous; lores and superciliaries white ; whole forehead
black, passing into brownish on the vertex; tail-coverts and tail
black, outer margin of outer rectrix white : below pale cinereous,
passing into white on the belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts;
bill and feet black: whole length 7-5 inches, wing 5, tail 3:1.
Female similar.
Hab. Chili.
At once recognizable by the black forehead, which becomes rather
brownish as it contracts and passes over the vertex.
a, b, c, Qad. sk. Cordill. de Santiago, Chili (Land- Sclater Coll.
beck).
c. 6 jr.; d. Ad. Chili (Leybold). Sclater Coll.
sk.
e, f. 6 Qad, sk. Chili (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Ad. Sk, Chili. Purchased.
5. Muscisaxicola cinerea.
Muscisaxicola cinerea, Ph. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, i. p. 80;
Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44; Sel. Ibis, 1866, pp. 57, 59; id. P. Z. S.
1867, pp. 326,338 (Chili); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533 (C. Peru);
id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 212.
Muscisaxicola albimentum, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1855, p. 61 (?).
Above cinereous; superciliaries whitish, but very faintly marked ;
tail-coverts and tail black, the outer margin of the outer rectrix
white: below pale cinereous, becoming white on the belly, crissum,
and under wing-coverts; bill and feet black: whole length 6-4
inches, wing 3-9, tail 24. Female similar, but not quite so bright.
PIab. Chili and Peru.
56
TYRANNID ZE.
a. 6 ad. sk.
Ö, 3 ad, sk.
c. Ad, sk.
d, e. Q 6 jr. sk.
f. Ad. St.
td. Ibis, 1866, p
Cordill, of Santiago, Chili
(Landbeck).
Cordill. of Santiago, Chili
(Landbeck).
Valdivia, Chili (Landbeck).
Chili (Leybold).
Chili.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
6. Muscisaxicola macloviana.
Sylvia macloviana, Garn. Voy. Coq., Zool. i. p. 540 (1826).
Muscisaxicola macloviana, Gray, in Zool. Voy. “Beagle," iii. p. 83;
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 95, et 1860, p. 385; id. Cat. A. B. p. 205
p. 58, 59; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44; Abbott, Ibis
1861, p. 154 (Falkland Is.); Sol. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 133.
Ptyomura macloviana, Bp. Consp. i. p. 197.
Muscisaxicola mentalis, d'Orb. et Lafr. Sym. Av. i. p. 66; d'Orb.
Voy., Ois. p. 355, pl. 41. fig. 1; Gray, in Zool. Voy. “Beagle, iii.
p. 83; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 205; id. Ibis, 1806, pp. 58, 59; id.
P. Z. S. 1866, p. 99 (Lima), 1867, pp. 326, 338 (Chili), et 1872,
pp. 541, 549 (Patagonia); Fraser, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 112 (Chili);
Sºl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867,
. 982, 986, 1868, p. 569 (Peru), et
p p y
1879, p. 612 (Bolivia); iid, Ibis, 1868, pp. 185, 187 (Str. of
Magellan); iid. Nomencl. p. 44; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 8
(Coquimbo); Phil. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, p. 85 (Chili);
Tacz. Orn. Pér, p. 219.
Ochthcéca chilensis, Hartl. Naum. 1853, p. 212.
Ptyonura mentalis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 196; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves,
p. 167.
Above cinereous, lores blackish, cap brown ; tail-coverts and
tail black, outer margins of outer tail-feather white : below pale
cinerous, passing into white on lower belly, crissum, and under
wing-coverts; chin-spot brown; bill and feet black: whole length
6-1 inches, wing 4-1, tail 2-6. Female similar, but chin-spot not so
well marked.
Bab. Peru, Bolivia, Chili, Patagonia, and Falkland Islands.
After comparing a number of specimens, I do not see that the
bird from the Falkland Islands can be fairly separated. I have
therefore united the continental M. mentalis to it.
a. Q ad, sk.
b. 6 ad. Sk.
c, d. 9 a.d. sk.
e, d jr. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
g. 3 a.d. sk.
h. Ad, sk.
f. Ad. sk.
j. 3 ad. sk.
/c. 6 ad. sk.
l. 3 ad, sk.
Islay, S.W. Peru (Whitely).
Islay, S.W. Peru (Whitely).
Prov. of Santiago, Chili
(Philippi and Landbeck).
Prov. of Santiago, Chili
(Philippi and Landbeck).
Prov. of Santiago, Chili
(Landbeck).
Coquimbo, Chili.
Chili.
Chili.
Rio Negro, Patagonia.
Rio Negro, Patagonia (Hudson).
St. Martin's Cove, Patagonia.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
P. L. Sclater, Esq.
[P.].
Sclater Coll.
Dr. Coppinger [C.].
Sclater Coll.
Zool. Soc. Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Lt. Smith [C].
19. MUSCISAXICOLA. 57
m, n. 6 a.d. sk. Hermit I., Patagonia. The Admiralty [P.].
o, p. Ad. sk. Falkland Is. (Leconte). Sclater Coll.
q. Ad, sk. Falkland Is. (Abbott). Sclater Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Falkland Is. Salvin–Godman Coll.
s—w. & ad. sk. E. Falkland Island. The Admiralty [P.J.
v. Ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq.
w. Ad. sk. S. America. Jardine Coll.
a. Ad. St. Coquimbo. C. Darwin [P.].
3/. Ad. St. Falkland Islands. J. Macgillivray [C.].
7. Muscisaxicola flavinucha.
Muscisaxicola flavinucha, I.afr. Rev. Zool. 1855, p. 59; Sel. Cat. A.
B. p. 205; id. Ibis, 1866, pp. 58, 59; id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 326,
338 (Chili); Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 533 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 211.
Muscisaxicola flavivertix, Phil. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, i.
p.98; Sel. Ibis, 1866, p. 58; id. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 326.
Above cinereous; front, lores, and superciliaries whitish ; large
nuchal spot pale yellowish fulvous; upper tail-coverts and tail
black; outer margin of outer rectrix white: below pale cinereous,
passing into white on lower belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts;
bill and feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 5-7, tail 3:4. Female
similar, but rather smaller.
Hab. Chili and Peru.
The pale yellowish fulvous nape-spot at once distinguishes this
species when adult. In young birds it is hardly apparent.
a, b. c. 9 ad. ; Chili (Leybold). Sclater Coll.
c. Jr. sk.
d. 3 ad.; e. Q Prov. of Santiago, Chili (Ley- Salvin-Godman Coll.
jr. sk. bold).
f, g. Ad, sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili (Ley- P. L. Sclater, Esq.
P.T.
bold).
h, . Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased.
j. 6 a.d. sk. Junin, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
AE. Ad. sk. Junin, Peru (Jelskº). Salvin-Godman Coll.
8. Muscisaxicola rubricapilla.
Muscisaxicola rubricapilla, Ph. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865, i.
p.90; Sel. Ibis, 1866, pp. 58, 59; id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 326, 338,
(Chili); Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 986, pl. xlvi., 1868, p. 569, et
1876, p. 16 (Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 44; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 533 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 215.
Above brownish cinereous; lores and slight superciliaries whitish;
nape-patch reddish ; upper tail-coverts and tail black; outer margin
of outer rectrix white : below pale cinereous white, clearer on lower
belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts : whole length 6-8 inches,
wing 4-6, tail 3. Female similar.
Hab. Chili and Peru.
58 TYRANNIDAE.
a. Ad. sk. Chili (Leybold). Sclater Coll.
b. ? ad. sk. Cordillera of Santiago, Chili Sclater Coll.
(Landbeck).
c. 3 ad. sk. Cordillera of Santiago, Chili P. L. Sclater, Esq.
(Landbeck). P.].
d. Q ad. sk. Chilian Andes (Leybold). Salvin–Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Pampas of Argentine Rep. (Ley- Salvin-Godman Coll.
bold).
f. Ad. st. Chili. Purchased.
* 9. Muscisaxicola junimensis.
Muscisaxicola junimensis, Tacz. Orn. Pér, ii. p. 214.
Muscisaxicola albilora, Lafº. Rev. Zool. 1855, p. 60 (?).
Muscisaxicola rubricapilla, Sol, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 986, pl. xlvi.
Nearly similar to M. rubricapilla, but perhaps distinct; body
above much clearer grey, more as in M. ruftvertea; ; nuchal spot
not so well defined and extending over the head nearly to the front :
whole length 6-3 inches, wing 48, tail 3:1.
Hab. Central Peru.
a. 6 ad. sk. Junin, Central Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimen.)
b. Ad. sk. Salinas, S.W. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Salinas, S.W. Peru (Whitely). Salvin–Godman Coll.
10. Muscisaxicola rufivertex.
Muscisaxicola rufivertex, d'Orb. et Lafº. Syn. Av. i. p. 66; d'Orb.
Voy., Ois. p. 354, pl. 40. f. 2; Phil. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865,
i. p. 95; Bridges, P. Z. S. 1841, p. 94 (Chili); Fraser, P. Z. S.
1843, p. 112 (Chili); Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 205; id. Ibis, 1866,
pp. 58, 59; id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 326, 338 (Chili); Sol. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 44; iid P. Z. S. 1869, p. 154 (Peru), et 1879, p. 612
(Bolivia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 533 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Pér.
ii. p. 216; Sel. et Haids. Arg. Orn. i. 134.
Ptyonura rufivertex, Bp. Consp. i. p. 196; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves,
p. 168; Burm. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 461.
Above clear cinereous ; lores and short superciliaries whitish ;
well-defined napé-patch bright rufous ; wings brownish; upper
tail-coverts and tail black, outer margin of outer rectrix white :
below clear cinereous white, brighter on lower belly, crissum, and
under wing-coverts; bill and feet black : whole length 6-5 inches,
wing 4, tail 2-8. Female similar. *
Hab. Peru, Bolivia, Chili, and vic. of Mendoza, rep. Arg.
The clear cinereous back and well-defined nape-spot at once
render this species recognizable.
a. Ad, sk. Cordillera of Santiago (Landbeck). Sclater Coll.
b. ? ad, sk. Cordillera of Santiago (Landbeck). P. L. Sclater, Esq.
P
c. Ad. sk. Chili (Leybold). Sciate Coll.
d, d ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili. Dr. Coppinger [C].
19. MUSICISAXICOLA. 59
e, f, d ad, sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll.
9. Ad, sk. Pampas of Arg. Tep. (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
t. Ad. Sk; j. Tinta, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
Q ad, sk.
K. g. ad, sk. Tinta, S. Peru. H. Whitely [C].
l. Ad. sk. Tinta, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
11. Muscisaxicola maculirostris.
Muscisaxicola maculirostris, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 66; d'Orb.
Voy, Ois. p. 356, pl. xli. f. 2; Selater, Cat. A. B. p. 205; id. Ibis,
1866, pp. 57, 59; d. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 92 (Ecuador), 1867, pp. 326,
338 (Chili); Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 568, 569, 1869, p. 154
(Peru), et 1879, p. 612 (Bolivia); iid. Womencl. p. 44; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 534 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 219; Durn-
ford, Ibis, 1878, p. 395 (C. Patagonia); Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.
1884, p. 295 ( wº ; Phil. et Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1865,
pt. i. p. 82 (Chili); Sol. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 134.
Ptyonura * Bp. Consp. i. p. 196; Burm. La-Plata Reise,
ii. p. 462.
Above greyish brown, lores and slight superciliaries whitish ;
tail-coverts and tail black, the outer web of the outer rectrix
white: below pale greyish white, whiter on the belly and crissum ;
bill black, with the base of the lower mandible yellowish ; feet black.
whole length 5:5 inches, wing 3-4, tail 2:4. Female similar.
Hab. Chili, Patagonia, Bolivia, Peru, and Western Ecuador.
a. 2 ad, sk. Proy, of Santiago, Chili (Phil. et Salvin-Godman Coll.
Landb.).
b. ? ad; sk. Prov. of Santiago, Chili (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Prov. of Santiago (Landbeck). Sclater Coll,
d. 6 jr. sk. Cordillera of Santiago (Landbeck). Purchased.
e. Ad, sk. Chili. , Sclater Coll.
f, g. Ad, sk. Chili. Purchased.
h, i. 2 ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Rep. (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j, º 69 ad. Rio Negro of Patagonia. H. Durnford [C].
SR.
l, Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Tinta, S.W. Peru. H. Whitely §
n. & ad. sk. Arequipa, Peru. H. Whitely [C.].
o. Ad. sk. Arequipa, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
p. Ad, sk. Arequipa, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. Ad. sk. Calacali, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
ºr. 6 ad. sk. Calacali, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].
S. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
12. Muscisaxicola fluviatilis.
Muscisaxicola fluviatilis, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 187 (Lower
Ucayali), 1869, p. 598, 1873, p. 277, et 1876, p. 16 (Peru); iid.
Nomencl. p. 44; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 534 (C. Peru), et 1882,
p. 18 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn, Pér, ii. p. 220,
60 TYRANNIDAE.
Above pale mouse-brown; wings blackish, with the tips of the
coverts rufous, forming two slight cross-bands; upper tail-coverts
and tail black, outer web of the outer rectrix white : beneath pale
fulvous white, passing into clear white on the belly and crissum ;
under wing-coverts and inner margins of the primaries pale fulvous ;
bill shorter and broader than in the last species, black, reddish at
the base; feet black: whole length 5-3 inches, wing 3, tail 2. Female
similar.
Hab. Peru.
The slightly banded wings and shorter bill distinguish this species
from M. maculirostris.
a, b. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
(Types of the species.)
c. 2 ad. sk. Nauta, Peru (Bartlett). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d, g ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].
g. 3 ad, sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. & ad. sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
\13. Muscisaxicola rufipennis.
Muscisaxicola rufipennis, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 134, 533 (C. Peru),
1879, p. 233 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 221; Sol... et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 678.
Above dark cinereous; wings and tail blackish, whole of the
inner webs of remiges and lateral rectrices except the tips bright
rufous, almost chestnut : beneath paler, middle of belly and crissum
white; under-wing-coverts fulvous ; bill and feet black ; whole
length 8 inches, wing 5:1, tail 3-6. Female similar.
Hab. Peru.
The chestnut colour on the wings renders this fine large species
at once distinguishable.
a. Sº ad. sk. Cachupata, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
20. CENTRITES.
Type.
Lessonia, Sw, Fauna B.-A., Aves, p. 490 (1831) . . . . . . . . . . C. iºr.
Centrophanes, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 167 (1845) . . . . C. niger.
Centrites, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. i. p. 256 (1847) . . . . . . . . C. niger.
Auchmalea, Reichenb, Av. S. N. t. lix. (1850) . . . . . . . . . . . . C. niger.
The curious type, which seems to be an exaggerated form of
Muscisaaricola, is also restricted to Patagonia and the Andes. It is
remarkable for the shortened tail and elongated hind claw, which
caused the older authors to refer it to Anthus, and it is said by
d'Orbigny and other authorities to be Lark-like in its habits. It
nests on the ground near the borders of streams.
20. CENTRITEs. 61
Key to the Species.
A. Inner webs of wing-feathers black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. niger, p. 61.
B. Inner webs of wing-feathers cinereous . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. oreas, p. 62.
Structure of Centrites miger, d .
1. Centrites niger.
Alouette noire de la Encenada, Daub. Pl. Enl. 738. fig. 2.
Alauda nigra, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl. p. 46.
Alauda rufa, Gm. S. N. i. p. 792.
Alauda fulva, Lath. Ind. Orm, ii. p. 492; Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 309.
Anthus fulvus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxvi. p. 502, et Enc. Méth. p. 328;
Lafr, et d'Orb, Syn. Av. i. p. 26; d'Orb, Joy, Ois. p. 223.
Sylvia dorsalis, King, Zool, Journ. iii. p. 428.
Anthus erythronotus, Merr. in Ersch w. Grub. Enc. iv. p. 289.
Anthus variegatus, Eyd. et Gerv, Voy. Favor., Ois. p. 38, pl. 15.
Lessonia erythronota, Sw. Class. Birds, ii. p. 248.
Lessonia nigra, Hartl. Ind. Azar. p. 10.
Muscisaxicola nigra, Gould, in Zool. Voy. “Beagle," iii. p. 84; Fraser,
P. Z. S. 1843, p. 112 (Chili).
Centrophanes * Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 167.
Muscisaxicola fulva, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem, p. 37.
Centrites rufus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 256; Bp. Consp. i.
. 196. *
cº niger, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 48; Sel. Cat. A. B.
p. 206; id. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 326 (Chili); Burm. La-Plata Reise,
ii. p. 458; Sol. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 44; iid. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 142
(Buenos Ayres), 1878, p. 432 (Sandy Point); iid. Ibis, 1868,
pp. 185, 187 (Str, of Magellan); iid. Zool. Chall. Exp. viii. p. 101;
IIwdson, P. Z. S. 1870, pp. 87, 333, et 1871, p. 259 (Buenos Ayres);
Durnford, Ibis, 1877, p. 177 (Buenos Ayres), et 1878, p. 395
(C. Patagonia); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 8 (Magellan Straits);
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 604 (Arg. Rep.); Salv. P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 423 (Coquimbo); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 142
(Entrerios); Scl. et Huds, Arg. Orn, i. p. 134.
Above and beneath deep black; whole of back, except the rump,

62 - TYRANNIDAE.
and scapularies, chestnut ; bill and feet black; under wing-coverts
and wings beneath black: whole length 5 inches, wing 2:8, tail 19.
Female. Above brown, back fulvous red; tail black; beneath ashy
brown.
Hab. Patagonia, Chili, and Argentine Republic.
a. 6 ad. ; Conchitas, rep. Arg. (Hudson). Sclater Coll.
b. 3 jr. sk.
c. 3 ad sk. Cosquin, Cordoba, rep. Arg.(White). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 3 ad. sk. Paraná, rep. Arg, (Burmeister), Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. 6 a.d. sk. Coquimbo, Chili (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. 6 a.d. sk. Chili. Zool. Soc. Coll.
h. 6 a.d. sk. Chili (Reed). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7, j. 6 2 ad, sk. Chili. Purchased.
K. 6 a.d. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll,
l, m. 6 a.d.; Chupat, Patagonia. H. Durnford [C.].
m. Q ad. sk.
o. 2 ad. sk. Tierra del Fuego. Capt. Burnett and
Lt. Fitzroy [C].
p. 3 ad, sk. Cape Gregory, Patagonia. Dr. Coppinger º
q, r, 6 ad, ; , Sandy Point, Str. of Magellan. ‘Challenger’ Exp.
8, t. 9 a.d. sk. -
w. Q ad. Sk, S. America. s cº Burnett and
t. Fitzroy [C].
2. Centrites Oreas.
Centrites niger, Sol, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 987, et 1868, p. 569
(Peru).
Centrites oreas, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, pp. 151, 154 (Peru), et
1879, p. 612 (Bolivia); iid. Ev. Orn. p. 191, pl. xcvi.; iid.
Nomencl. p. 44; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 534 (C. Peru); id. Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 222.
Like C. niger, but with the inner webs of the primaries pale
cinereous in the male, and tinged with cinnamomeous in the female;
the back of a duller chestnut.
Hab. Andes of Peru and Bolivia.
a, b, & Q ad. sk. Tinta, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Types
of the species.)
c, d. 2 ad. Sk. Tinta, Peru. H. Whitely [C].
e. Q ad. sk. Tinta, Peru. H. Whitely [C].
f. Q ad. sk. Timta, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. & ad. St. Salinas, S.W. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
21. MUSCIGRALLA. 63
21. MUSCIGRALLA. Type.
Muscigralla, d'Orb. et Lafº. Syn. Av. i. p. 61 (1837). M. brevicauda.
Ochthites, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 277 . . . . M. brevicauda.
Structure of Muscigralla brevicauda.
This is perhaps a still more singular type than Centrites, from
which it is at once distinguished by its long legs and very short
tail; it is an exaggerated form of Muscisaaricola in another direc-
tion. It is restricted to Chili, Bolivia, Peru, and Western Ecuador.
1. Muscigralla brevicauda.
Muscigralla brevicauda, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn., Av. i. p. 61; d'Orb.
Voy, Ois. p. 354, pl. 39, fig. 1; Selater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 281 (Ecua-
dor), 1867, p. 326 (Chili); id. Cat. A. B. p. 206; Sel, et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 44; Tacz, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 534, et 1877, p. 325 (Peru);
id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 223.
Ochthites brevicauda, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1884, pt. i. p. 277.
Above cinereous; vertical crest yellow ; wings brown, wing-
coverts and outer secondaries edged with whitish ; upper tail-
coverts chestnut; tail black: beneath whitish, sides of breast and
flanks cinereous; bill black; feet brown; whole length 4-2 inches,
wing 2:5, tail 14, tarsus 1. Female similar.
Hab. Chili, Bolivia, Western Peru, and Western Ecuador.
a. Ad, sk. Lima, Peru. Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. . West Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Puna I., Guyaquil (Villagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Puna I., Guyaquil. G. Barclay [P.].
e. P ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Guyaquil (Jameson), Jardine Coll.
g. Ad, sk. S. America. Sir D. Cooper [P.].

64 TYRANNID.E.
Subfamily II. PLATYRHYNCHINAE.
The Platyrhynchinae are a forest-haunting group of the Tyrannidae,
distinguished generally by their broadened bill and thin tarsi,
modified to suit their arboreal habits. But in the aberrant members
of the subfamily these characters become much weakened, until they
pass generally into those of the Elaineinae. The species are almost
without exception of small size and dull olive and grey colours.
The Platyrhynchina extend over the whole Neotropical Region
from Southern Mexico to Patagonia.
Indea, to the Genera.
22. PLATYRHYNCHUs, p. 64. 32. HEMITRIccus, p. 91.
23. ToDIRosTRUM, p. 69. \ 33. PHYLLOSCARTES, p. 92.
24. ONCOSTOMA, p. 76. ) 34. HAPALOCERCUs, p. 93.
25. EUSCARTHMUs, p. 78. ~ 35. HABRURA, p. 96.
26. CERATOTRICCUs, p. 85. 36. CULICIvor Á, p. 97.
27. PSEUDoTRICCUs, p. 85. * 37. PogoNotRICCUs, p. 97.
28. CZENOTRICCUs, p. 86. \38. LEProTR1ccus, p. 99.
29. LOPHOTRICCUs, p. 86. (39. STIGMATURA, p. 100.
30, ORCHILUs, p. 88. 40, SERPOPHAGA, p. 101.
31. ColopTERUs, p. 90. (41) ANAERETEs, p. 106.
22. PLATYRBIYNCHUS, Type
Platyrhynchus, Desm. Tang, sub tab. 72 (1805) . . . . . . P. rostratus.
Bill of Platyrhynchus rostratus.
This is a well-marked genus, distinguished at once by its broad
flattened bill. The nine known species range from Southern Mexico
to the Argentine Republic.
Key to the Species.
A. Coronal spot white.
a. Throat white.
Larger : crown olive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. rostratus, p. 65.
Smaller: crown blackish . . . . . . . . . . 2. Sener, p. 65.
b. Throat yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. flavigularis, p. 65.
B. Coronal spot red or yellow.
a. Head olive or blackish, without a black
superciliary stripe.
a'. Coronal spot red. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Saturatus, p. 66.
b'. Coronal spot yellow.
a”. Throat clear white :
| paler above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. cancrominus, p. 66,
darker above. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. albigularis, p. 67.

22. PLATYRHYNCHUs. 65
b°. Throat fulvous white; paler above. . 7. myStaceus, p. 67.
b. Head chestnut, with a black superciliary
stripe.
| Larger : under surface olivaceous . . . , 8, coronatus, p. 68.
| Smaller: under surface yellowish. . . . 9, superciliaris, p. 68.
1. Platyrhynchus rostratus.
Todus platyrhynchus, Gm. S. W. i. p. 446; Desm. Tang. pl. 72.
Todus rostratus, Lath. Ind. Orm. i. p. 268.
Platyrhynchus fuscus, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 201, pl. 126.
Platyrhynchus leucoryphus, Maa. Beitr. iii. p. 974.
Platyrhynchus rostratus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 183; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii.
p. 500; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 206; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 100; Sel. et
Salv. Womencl. p. 44.
Above olive; elongated coronal patch white; rim round the eye
whitish ; wings blackish, broadly margined with rufous; tail brown :
beneath fulvous, throat clearer, almost white ; breast darker; inner
edgings of wing-feathers pale rufous ; upper mandible blackish,
lower white; feet pale yellowish : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2:8,
tail 17.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
The large size at once distinguishes this species.
a. Ad. Sk, S. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. S. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
c. Ad. sk. S. Brazil. Jardine Coll.
`-2. Platyrhynchus senex.
Platyrhynchus senex, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 156 (E. Ecuador);
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 18; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 224 (N.E. Peru).
Above yellowish olive ; head blackish, with a roundish half-con-
cealed white coronal patch ; lores whitish : wings and tail blackish,
edged with olive: beneath deep fulvous, throat white; upper mandible
blackish, lower white ; feet pale yellowish : whole length 4 inches,
wing 2-6, tail 13.
Hab. Eastern Ecuador.
A very distinct species, recognizable by its blackish cap and deep
fulvous abdomen.
a, b. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Types of the species.)
c. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peru. J. Gould, Esq.
3. *Platyrhynchus flavigularis. (Plate VIII. fig. 1.)
Platyrhynchus flavigularis, Selater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 382; Sel, et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 44.
Above olive, head more fulvous, with a roundish white coronal
VOL. XIV. F.
66 TYRANNID.E.
patch; wings and tail blackish, margined with olive: beneath yellow,
sides passing into olive; whole length 3-5 inches, wing 23, tail 19.
Hab. Colombia. w
The yellow throat and middle of the under surface at once dis-
tinguish this species.
a. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. o
(Type of the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
~4. Platyrhynchus saturatus.
Platyrhynchus saturatus, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1882, p. 78; Salv, Ibis,
1885, p. 292.
Above olive-brown, darker on the head; elongated coronal patch
red; wings and tail blackish, edged with rufous : beneath pale yel-
lowish, throat white, slight breast-band and flanks olive ; bill
blackish, feet whitish : whole length 3-6 inches, wing 2:4, tail 1:2.
Female similar, but coronal patch not so well-marked.
Hab. British Guiana.
The red coronal patch and dark colour above at once distinguish
this species.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Merumé Mts., British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely). (Type of the species.)
b, c. 3 Q ad. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
d. & ad. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
5.*Platyrhynchus cancrominus.
Platyrhynchus cancroma, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 295; id. Ibis, 1859,
445
p. 440.
Platyrhynchus cancrominus, Sclat. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 299;
did. Ibis, 1860, p. 399; iid. Nomencl. p. 45; Salv. Ibis, 1869, pp. 314,
318; Frantz, J. f. O. 1869, p. 306 (Costa Rica).
Similar to P. mystacews, and almost as pale above, but with a
distinct white throat as in P. albogularis.
Hab. Guatemala.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Volcan de Agua, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salvin).
b. ? ad. sk. El Paraiso, Guatemala (Salv. Salvin-Godman Coll.
et Godm.).
c. 9 ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
jº. 9 ad, sk. Teleman, Vera Paz (Salv. et Salvin-Godman Coll.
Godm.).
g, h, Q ad. sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
22. PLATYRHYNCHUs. 67
6+ Platyrhynchus albogularis. (Plate VIII. fig. 2.)
Platyrhynchus albogularis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 68, 92,295
(Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. p. 207; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869,
p. 252 (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p. 44; Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p. 314
(Costa Rica and Veragua); id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 196 (Veragua);
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 62 (Costa Rica); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 233 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 225; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.
1883, p. 553, et 1885, pp. 68,88 (Ecuador).
Nearly similar to P. mystaceus, but with the throat pure white,
and much darker olive above.
Hab. Western Ecuador, Venezuela, Veragua, and Costa Rica.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
(Type of the species.)
b. ? ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Villagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 9 a.d. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. G ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
j, q, d ad. ; Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
h. 9 a.d. sk.
i. Ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua. Salvin-Godman Coll.
..f. 6 a.d. sk. Veragua. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
Jº. SP ad. sk. Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
(, m. c 2 a.d. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
m. Q ad. sk. Naranjo, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o. 9 a.d. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7+ Platyrhynchus mystaceus.
Bigotillo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 93.
Platyrhynchus mystaceus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxvii. p. 14; id. Enc.
Méth. p. 844; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 207; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 100;
Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 292 (Br. Guiana);
Berlepsch, J. f. O. 1873, p. 258 (S. Catharina); id. Zeitschr. ges.
Orn. 1885, p. 129 (Rio Grande do Sul); White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 605
(Misiones, rep. Arg.); Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn, i. p. 136.
Todus cancroma, Licht. Doubl. p. 51.
Platyrhynchus cancroma, Temm. Pl. Col. pl. 12. fig. 2; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 183; Sw, Zool. Ill. pl. 115; id. Flycatch. p. 158, pl. 17; Burm.
Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 500; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 49.
Above olive, darker on the head; coronal patch bright yellow ;
lores, eye-region, and ear-coverts pale yellowish ; mystacal stripe
blackish; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive-brown : beneath
clear fulvous, much whiter on the throat; upper mandible blackish,
lower whitish ; feet pale yellowish : whole length 3-3 inches, wing
2:1, tail 1:1. Female similar, but no coronal patch.
Hab. Guiana, Brazil, Paraguay, and north of La Plata.
a, b. 3 a.d.; Tobago (Kirk). Jardine Coll.
c, d. 2 ad. Sk,
e. G ad. ; Roraima, Brit, Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j, g. Q ad. sk. 9.
F *d
(38 TYRANNIDAE.
h. Ad. sk. Mt. Twel-quay, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely). º
2. & ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (PPucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j, k, d ad. ; Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. SP ad. sk.
ºn. & ad. sk. Bahia. Gould Coll.
, n. 6 a.d. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
o, p. 3 Q ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.
q, r. & Q ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
8, 6 a.d. sk. Brazil. Selater Coll.
t. (faded) sk. S. America. C. Darwin, Esq.
8. Platyrhynchus coronatus.
Platyrhynchus coronatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 71; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 207, pl. xvii.; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 45.
Above olive; sides of head yellowish, bordered above by a black
superciliary line, and with a blackish patch beneath the eye ; crown
chestnut, with a median patch bright yellow: beneath yellowish olive ;
rather brighter on the throat and middle of the belly; upper man-
dible blackish, lower yellowish ; feet pale hazel; whole length 3.5
inches, wing 2:4, tail 1:1. Female similar, but whole crown dark
chestnut.
Hab. Ecuador.
a. Ad, sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll.
(Type of the species.)
b–d. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. St. Ecuador. Purchased.
9:t Platyrhynchus superciliaris.
Platyrhynchus superciliaris, Lawr. Ibis, 1863, p. 184 (Panama);
Salvin, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 146, et 1870, p. 196 (Veragua); id. Ibis,
1885, p. 292 (Brit. Guiana); Sol. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 45; Frantz.
J. f. O. 1869, p. 307 (Costa Rica).
Platyrhynchus cancroma, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 330.
Above olive ; sides of head yellow, bordered above by a black
supercilary line, and with a black patch beneath the eye; crown
chestnut, with a golden median patch; beneath yellowish, slight
breast-band and sides olivaceous; upper mandible blackish, lower
whitish ; feet pale hazel; whole length 3 inches, wing 2-2, tail 0.9.
Female similar, but no yellow coronal patch.
Hab. Veragua and Guiana. -
a—c. Ad. sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
.f. Ad, sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). O. Salvin, Esq. P.].
g. Q ad. sk. Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Q ad, sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i,j. 3 ad, sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
k, l. Q ad. sk. Albina T., Surinam (C. Bart- Salvin-Godman Coll.
lett). -
ſm. 6 a.d. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
23. ToDIROSTRUM. 69
23. TODIROSTRUM.
Type.
Todirostrum, Less. Trait. d’Orn. p. 384 (1831) . . . . . . . . T. cinereum.
Triccus, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 164 (1845) . . . . . . . T. cinereum.
Poecilotriccus, Berlepsch, Journ. f. O. 1884, p. 298 . . . . . . T. lenzi.
The long spatulate bill, somewhat resembling that of the genus
Todus, has been the occasion of the generic name of this group,
which contains about 16 species of diminutive size, but in many
cases of very ornamental colouring. They are spread over the
Neotropical Region from South Mexico to the southern limits of
Brazil and Bolivia.
Key to the Species.
A. Crown black or slaty.
a. Abdomen yellow.
a'. Throat not spotted, yellow,
a". Front black.
a". Superciliaries black:
chin yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. cinereum, p. 69.
{; white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Sclateri, p. 71.
b". Superciliaries yellow. . . . . . . . 3. chrysocrotaphum, p. 71,
b". Front black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. poliocephalum, p. 71.
b'. Throat not spotted, white.
c”. Back olive :
bend of wing black . . . . . . . . 5. nigriceps, p. 72.
bend of wing chestnut . . . . . . 6, calopterum, p. 72.
d". Back black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. pulchellum, p. 72.
c'. Throat spotted, yellow . . . . . . . . . . 8. guttatum, p. 73.
d'. Throat spotted, white :
crown black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. maculatum, p. 73.
}. 9Tey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. Sigmatum, p. 74.
b. Abdomen white:
Crown Slaty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. Schistaceiceps, p. 74.
| crown black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. picatum, p. 74.
B. Crown red.
c. Middle of abdomen white . . . . . . . . . . 13, capitale, p. 75.
d. Middle of abdomen yellow.
e'. Crown red, surrounded by a black
line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. ruficeps, p. 75.
f’. Whole head above red :
head darker red. . . . . . * * * * * * * * 15. rufigene, p. 76.
| head lighter red . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, lenzi, p. 76.
1. Todirostrum cinereum.
Todus cinereus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 178; Desm. Tang. pl. 68.
Muscicapa meloxantha, Sparrm. Mus. Carls. pl. 97.
Todus melanocephalus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 8, pl. 9. fig. 2; Maw.
Beitr. iii. p. 962; Sw, Flycatch. P; 175, pl. 18.
Todirostrum cinereum, Less. Tr. d’Orm. i. p. 384; Laff". Rev. Zool.
1846, p. 360; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 67, 148, 1856, p. 141, 1857,
pp. 83,203, 1858, p. 458, et 1860, p. 283; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 444; id.
Cat. A. B. p. 207; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 160; Sel. et Salv.Ibis, 1859,
p. 124 (Guatemala); iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358 (Panama), 1868,
70 TYRANNIDAE.
p. 168 (Venezuela), 1870, p. 837 (Honduras), 1876, p. 16 (S. Peru),
1879, p. 512 (Antioquia) et p. 612 (Bolivia); tid. Womencl. p. 45;
Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307 (Costa Rica); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871,
p. 332 (Colombia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 534 (C. Peru), 1877,
p. 325 (W. Peru), 1880, }; 202 (N. Peru), 1882, p. 18; id. Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 225; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 341 (Permanbuco); Salv.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147, 1870, p. 196 (Veragua), 1883, p. 423
(Panama): id. Ibis, 1885, p. 292 (Br. Guian.); Berlepsch, J. f. O.
1884, p. 298 (Bucaramanga); Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 89
(Ecuador).
Triccus cinereus, Cab, in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 702; Tsch. Faun.
Per., Aves, p. 164; Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. 50.
Triccus melanocephalus, Burm. Syst. Ueb, ii. p. 495.
Todirostrum cinereum et T. melanocephalum, Bp. Consp. i. p. 182.
Todirostrum plumbeum, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 273 (ex spir.
vini).
Above cinereous, crown black; wings black, coverts and external
secondaries edged with white, primaries narrowly edged with
yellowish ; tail black, broadly tipped with whito : beneath yellow ;
bill and feet black: whole length 3-7 inches, wing 1:7, tail 14.
Female similar.
Hab. South Mexico, Guatemala, and throughout Central and
Eastern South America to South-east Brazil. Replaced in Western
Ecuador and Peru by T. Sclateri.
*/
a. 9 ad. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Guatemala (Salv. & Godm.). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
d. G ad, sk. Mugeres I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Belize (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad, sk. San Pedro, Honduras (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g, h. Ad. et jr. sk. Honduras. C. Dyson [C.],
8. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin–Godman Coll.
J. Ad, sk. Bºº Nicoya, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Arcé).
k. Q ad, sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. 3 ad. sk. * º Choréba, Chiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll.
Arcé).
m. d ad. sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arce). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m, o. 3 9 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. Ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll,
q. Ad. sk. Panama (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.
r. Ad. Sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Hughes).
8. Ad. sk. Santa Marta. Sclater Coll.
t. 6 ad. sk. Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin–Godman Coll.
w. SP ad. sk. Medellin, Antioqua. T. K. Salmon [C.].
v. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin–Godman Coll.
20. a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
$/, 2. Ad, sk. Bucaramanga, U.S. C. (Minlos). Sclater Coll.
a', b’. Ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll,
c'. 6 ad. Sk, San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Goering).
d'. Ad. Sk, Trinidad. Sclater Coll.
23. Tod IROSTRUM. 71
e', f'. Ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
g', h". 6 a.d. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
i", j'. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Jº', l'. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
on'. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
*'. Ad. sk. I3olivia. T. Bridges [C.J.
o'. Ad. St. S. America. Gould Coll.
p'. Ad. St. Brazil. Gould Coll.
*.
2. Todirostrum sclateri.
Triccus sclateri, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 51.
Todirostrum sclateri, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 553 (W.
Ecuador); Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 88 (Ecuador); Tacz.
Orn. Pér. ii. p. 226.
Todirostrum cinereum, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 283 (W. Ecuador);
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 325 (W. Peru).
Similar to T. cinereum, but the throat and nasal coverts white
(Berl. et Tacz.).
Hab. Western Ecuador and Western Peru.
3. Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum.
Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 48,
pl. xlix. ; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 187 (Ucayali), 1873,
p. 278 (E. Peru); id. Womencl. p. 45; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 227.
Triccus illigeri, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 49 (1859).
Above yellowish olive, crown and sides of the head black, broad
and lengthened superciliaries yellow ; wings black, margined with
yellowish olive; tail black, with slight yellowish edgings: beneath
bright yellow, chin whitish ; bill and feet black: whole length
3-4 inches, wing 1-6, tail l'2.
Hab. Upper Amazonia.
The broad yellow superciliaries at once distinguish this species
from all its allies except T. guttatum, which has a spotted breast.
a. 6 ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
b, c. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. C. Bartlett [C.].
4. Todirostrum poliocephalum.
Todus poliocephalus, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 965.
Todirostrum flavifrons, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 361.
Todirostrum poliocephalum, Sclater. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 84; d. Cat. 4.
B. p. 208; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 100; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 44.
Triccus poliocephalus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 496.
Above olive, crown dark cinereous; large frontal spot on each
side yellow ; wings and tail black, edged with yellowish : beneath
yellow; bill black, feet blackish: whole length 4 inches, wing 1:7,
tail 1:4. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
72 TYRANNIDAE.
The yellow front, divided in the middle by a narrow black line,
renders this species easily distinguishable.
a. d. ad. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad, sk. S.E. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. S.E. Prazil. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.
e. Ad. Sk, Brazil. Purchased.
f. Albino var. sk. Brazil. Purchased.
g. Ad. St. Brazil. Gould Coll.
5.t-Todirostrum nigriceps.
Todirostrum nigriceps, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 66, pl. 84, fig. 1, et
1857, pp. 82,84; Tid. Cat. A. B. p. 207: Sel. et Sale. P. Z. S. 1864,
p. 358 (Panama); iid, Nomencl. p. 45; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869,
p. 307 (Costa Rica).
Triccus nigriceps, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 49.
Above olivaceous yellow, crown and sides of head black; wings
and tail black edged with yellowish : beneath yellow, throat white;
bill and feet black : whole length 3:2 inches, wing 1-6, tail 1.
Female similar.
Hab. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador.
a, b. 3 SP ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, U.S. C. Sclater Coll.
(Type of the species.)
d. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.
e. Ad. Ecuador. Gould Coll.
6. Todirostrum calopterum.
Todirostrum calopterum, Sel. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 82, pl. cxxv. fig, 1 ;
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 45.
Above yellowish olive; whole head above and nape black; wings
black, lesser wing-coverts and secondaries margined with yellow,
bend of the wing dark chestnut ; tail black, with slight external
olivaceous margins: beneath bright yellow, throat white; bill black;
feet dark brown : whole length 3-5 inches, wing 1-9, tail 13.
Bab. Ecuador.
The chestnut patch at the bend of the wing at once distinguishes
this species from all its congeners except T. pulchellum, which has
the back black.
a, b. Ad. Sk, Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c, d. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
e. Ad. Sk. Rio Napo. Jardine Coll.
`s 7. Todirostrum pulchellum.
Todirostrum pulchellum, Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 781; Tacz, Orm. Pér.
ii. p. 227.
23. ToDIROSTRUM. 73
Above black, rump olivaceous; wings black, lesser wing-coverts
yellow, bend of the wing dark chestnut ; tail black, outer margin of
external rectrix whitish : beneath bright yellow, throat white; bill
and feet black: whole length 3-5 inches, wing 1-9, tail 13.
Plab. Southern Peru.
The black upper surface renders this species easily recognizable.
a, d ad. sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
8.*Todirostrum guttatum.
Todirostrum guttatum, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 101; Scl. et Salv. Womencl.
p. 45.
Above yellowish olive ; crown and sides of head black, a broad
superciliary line behind the eye yellow; small loral spot whitish ;
wings and tail black, coverts and outer secondaries broadly edged
with yellow, remiges and rectrices narrowly with olive : beneath
yellow, chin whitish, throat and breast spotted with black : bill
black; feet blackish : whole length 3-7 inches, wing 1-6, tail 1:1.
Hab. Colombia and Upper Amazonia.
Easily distinguished from the two other species with spotted
throats by the ground-colour of the throat being yellow, not white,
and by the yellow postsuperciliary band.
a. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Pebas, Upper Amazons (Hauzwell). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. S. America. Jardine Coll.
9. Todirostrum maculatum.
Todus maculatus, Desm. Tang. pl. 70.
Platyrhynchus maculatus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict, xxvii. p. 19; d. Enc.
Méth. p. 841.
Todus cinereus, Spia, Av. Bras. ii. p. 8, pl. 10. fig. 1.
Todirostrum maculatum, Less. Tr. d’Orm. i. p. 384; Lafr. Rev. Zool.
1840, p. 360; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 83; id. Cat. A. B. p. 208;
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 100; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 187, 1867,
p. 978, 1873, p. 278; iid. Nomencl. p. 45; Layard, Ibis, 1873,
p. 381 (Lower Amazons); Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 292 (Br. Guiana).
Above olive, crown black; wings and tail black, edged with
yellowish olive : beneath pale yellow, throat white; throat and
breast striated with black; bill black, pale at the base ; feet
brown : whole length 3-5 inches, wing 1.9, tail 1:3. Female
similar.
a, b. 3 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
c. Ad. sk. Cayenne, Sclater Coll.
d. 6 a.d. sk. Barcellos, Rio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Mlexiana, Lower Amazons Sclater Coll.
(Wallace).
74 TYRANNIDAE.
&
\
f. 6 a.d. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.
9. Ad, sk. S. America. Gould Coll.
h. Ad, sk. S. America. Purchased.
7. Ad. St. S. America. Purchased.
`-10. Todirostrum signatum.
Todirostrum signatum, Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 267; Tacz. Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 228. -
Todirostrum maculatum, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 187 (Upper
Ucayali), 1867, p. 978 (Amazonia), 1873, p. 278 (E. Peru).
Above olive, head above grey; wings and tail black, edged with
yellowish olive : beneath yellow, throat white; throat and breast
striated with black; bill blackish, under mandible whitish : whole
length 3-5 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1.3.
Hab. Upper Amazonia. .
A very close ally of T. maculatum, distinguishable only by its
lighter, grey, cap.
a. Ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. 3 ad, sk. Yquitos, E. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll. |
(Types of the species.)
11. Todirostrum schistaceiceps.
Todirostrum schistaceiceps, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 444; id. P. Z. S.
1859, p. 384; id. Cat. A. B. p. 208; Sel. et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 399;
iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358; iid. Nomencl. p. 45.
Todirostrum superciliaris, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. x. p. 19 (Cartagena).
Above olive; head above and nape cinereous; lores white; wings
and tail black, coverts broadly tipped with yellowish ; remiges and
rectrices narrowly edged externally with olive : beneath slaty white;
flanks and crissum pale yellowish ; under wing-coverts yellow;
bill dark horn-colour, with tomiae white; feet pale brown ; whole
length 3-5 inches, wing 1-9, tail 13. Female similar.
Hab. S. Mexico, Guatemala, Panama, Colombia, and Venezuela.
a. Ad, sk. Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species)
b, c. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. Sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
e, f. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Q. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
g. Ad, sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.
h, i. 3 Q ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j, k, Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
(, m. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
12. Todirostrum picatum.
Todirostrum picatum, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 70; id. Cat, A, B,
p. 208; Sol, et Salv, Nomencl. p. 45,
23. ToDIROSTRUM. 75
Above black; lores whitish, a patch on the outer webs of the
external secondaries creamy white; tail black, external rectrices
tipped with white : beneath white ; sides of breast blackish, flanks
and under wing-coverts tinged with yellow ; upper mandible black,
lower mandible and feet white : whole length 3-5 inches, wing 2,
tail 1'4. -
Hab. Western Eucador.
A very well-marked species, recognizable by its black upper
surface.
a. Ad, sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Gould Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Purchased.
d, e. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll,
f. Ad. Sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
13. Todirostrum capitale.
Todirostrum capitale, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 83, pl. 125. fig. 2, et
1858, p. 70; id. Cat. A. B. p. 208; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 45.
Above olive; crown rufous; wings blackish, edged with olive;
outer secondaries with a broad external margin of pale yellowish
(as in T. picatum); tail blackish, edged with olive; outer rectrices
tipped with white : beneath white, sides of neck dusky grey ; flanks
and under wing-coverts tinged with pale yellowish ; bill above
black, lower mandible white ; feet pale brown : whole length 2:5
inches, wing 1:7, tail 1:3.
Hab. Western Ecuador.
Count v. Berlepsch suggests to me that this may be the female of
T. picatum, which is possible, though in all other species of the
genus the sexes are similar.
a. Ad, sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Jardine Coll.
c, d. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Purchased.
e, f. Ad. Sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
14.4Todirostrum ruficeps.
Todiºesteria ruficeps, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 52; Sclater, P. Z. S.
1855, pp. 67,148, et 1857, p. 84; id. Cat. A. B. p. 207; Sol, et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 45; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 512 (Antioquia).
Todirostrum multicolor, Strickl. Contr. Orn, 1852, p. 42, pl. 85. fig. 2.
Above clear olive ; crown red, surrounded by a black line ; ear-
coverts white, bordered below by a black line; wings and tail black,
coverts tipped with pale yellow ; remiges and rectrices margined
with olive: beneath yellow ; chin, throat, and fore neck white; bill
black; feet brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 19, tail I-5.
Female similar.
Hab. Colombia.
start ºſ
76 TYRANNIDAE.
a, b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. Ad. sk. Bogota. Jardine Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.
h. 3 ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Ad, sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Ad. St. Bogota. Purchased.
15. Todirostrum rufigene.
Todirostrum ruficeps, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 144 (Ecuador).
Todirostrum rufigene, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 522.
Poecilotriceus rufigenis, Bert J.J. o. 1884, p. 298.
Above clear olive, crown red; ear-coverts pale rufous; wings and
tail black, margined with olive; coverts tipped with pale yellow :
beneath yellow, throat in the middle white, at the sides washed with
rufous ; bill black, feet pale brown : whole length 2:5 inches, wing
1.8, tail 14.
Hab. Western Ecuador.
Distinguished from T. ruficeps by the rufous sides of the head.
a. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. 3 a.d. sk. 5. Ecuador (Stolzmann), Sclater Coll.
—c. Ad. sk. Mongi, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Imtac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tió. Todirostrum lenzi.
Todirostrum lenzi, Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 249, t. i. figs. 1, 2.
Poecilotriccus lenzi, Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 298.
Similar to T. ruficeps and T. rufigene ; but different from the
former in the uniform rusty-red colour of the head, and from the
latter in the brighter colour of the head, its greater extension over
the nape, the transverse rufous line across the throat, and the
brighter yellow abdomen (Berlepsch).
Hab. Bucaramanga, Colombia.
24. ONCOSTOMA,
Type.
Oncostoma, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 208 (1862) ype
* * * * * * * * * * O. cinereigulare.
This little genus comprehends two Central-American Species
closely allied to Todºrostrum in general structure, but distinguished
by the much incurved and elevated culmen of the bill.
Rey to the Species.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * , , , , , , 1, cinereigulare, p. 77.
B. Whole under surface yellow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. †. D. #.
24. ONCOstom A. 77
1+0mcostoma cinereigulare.
Todirostrum cinereigulare, Selater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 295 (Mexico);
id. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 84, et 1859, p. 384 (Mexico); id. Ibis, 1859,
p. 444; Lawr. Ibis, 1862, p. 12.
Oncostoma cinereigulare, Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 208; Sol. et Salp.
Nomencl. p. 45; Salv. Ibis, 1866, p. 194 (Vera Paz); id. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 196 (Veragua); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307 (Costa
Rica); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 447 (Yucatan).
Above olive-green, crown slightly cinerascent; wings and tail
blackish ; wing-coverts tipped and outer secondaries edged with
yellowish olive; primaries and rectrices narrowly margined with
green; bend of wing yellowish : beneath yellowish, slightly flammu-
lated with olive ; throat and breast cinereous; under wing-coverts
pale yellowish ; bill dark horn-colour, whitish at the base ; feet
pale brown : whole length 3-8 inches, wing 2, tail 1-6. Female
similar.
Hab. Southern Mexico and Central America to Chiriqui. Čawſ (eſ
tºty
a. Gad. sk. Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll. (Type 3/* * twº ZČd
- of the species.) '..., 22% ºf fºº
b. Ad, sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll. * º fºr-
c. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll. Cºrſo ºc, Vºz
d. Ad, sk. Retaluleu, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll. Č--vº
e. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll. ‘’’: " & /*
..f. Ad, sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll. *
g. Ad, sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
h. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.
7. dº ; j. Ad. Volcan de Agua, Guatemala (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
SRC. vin).
k. & ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. Ad. st. Honduras. D. Dyson [C.].
2.4-0mcostoma olivaceum,
Todirostrum olivaceum, Lawrence, Ibis, 1862, p. 12.
Oncostoma olivacea, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 473 (Panama).
Oncostoma olivaceum, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358 (Panama);
id. Nomencl. p. 45.
Above uniform rather yellowish olive; wings and tail blackish :
wing-coverts tipped and outer secondaries edged with yellowish ;
primaries and rectrices narrowly margined with olive : beneath
uniform yellowish, passing into olivaceous at the sides; under wing-
coverts sulphur-yellow ; bill corneous ; feet pale brown : whole
length 3:4 inches, wing 1:7, tail 1'4.
Hab. Panama.
Easily known from O. einereigulare by its uniform yellowish
under surface.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
78 TYRANNID.E.
25. EUSCAR.THMUS #. Type
Euscarthmus, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 945 (1831). . . . . . . . E. midipendulus.
The group to which Cabanis and Heine have restricted Prince
Max. of Neuwied's term Euscarthmust embraces about fifteen species,
which are distributed over the wooded districts of South America
from Colombia to Bolivia and South Brazil. Their general
characters are much those of Todirostrum, but the bill is not so
much produced and is more spatulate.
Key to the Species.
A. Throat uniform, not striated.
a. Throat white or whitish olivaceous.
a'. Crown olive like the back,
a". Lores olive :
no white eye-ring . . . . . . . . 1. midipendulus, p. 78.
a white eye-ring . . . . . . . . 2. zosterops, p. 79.
b". Lores whitish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. orbitatus, p. 79.
c". Lores brownish . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.x fumi frons, p. 79.
b'. Crown brownish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. pelzelni, p. 80.
c'. Crown greyish :
lores whitish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6x margaritaceiventer, p. 80.
| lores rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. latirostris, p. 81.
b. Throat more or less rufous.
d'. Breast white :
|. banded. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. gularis, p. 81.
wings unbanded. . . . . . . . . . . . 9. rufigularis, p. 82.
e'. Breast rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. russatus, p. 82.
c. Throat black :
| lores whitish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. granadensis, p. 82.
lores rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. pyrrhops, p. 83.
B. Throat striated.
d. Under surface yellowish . . . . . . . . 13, striaticollis, p. 83.
e. Under surface whitish :
wing-bands yellowish . . . . . . . 14, implger, p. 84.
wing-bands white . . . . . . . . . . 15. inornatus, p. 84.
1. Euscarthmus nidipendulus.
Euscarthmus nidipendulus, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 950; Cab. et Hein.
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 50; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 208; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras.
p. 102; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 45.
Above uniform olive-green ; wings and tail blackish, edged with
olive: beneath dirty white, tinged with olive on the flanks; under
wing-coverts yellowish ; bill pale hazel; feet brown : whole length
3-5 inches, wing 1-7, tail 1-3. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
* See also E. Zimbatus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 51 (Brazil); E. Senew,
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 101 (Borba); and E. rufipes (Cab.), Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 233 (Peru).
f Cf. Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 50.
25. EUSCARTHMUs. 79
a, b, Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c, d. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
e. Gad. sk. Ypanema, Saô Paolo, Brazil Sclater Coll.
(Natterer).
f. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
2. Euscarthmus zosterops.
Euscarthmus zosterops, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 102, 173; Sel, et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 45; iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 138.
Above olive-green ; slight ring round the eye whitish ; wings
and tail blackish, edged with olive: beneath pale yellowish ; bill and
feet brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2:1, tail. 1-6.
Hab. Guiana and Lower Amazonia.
Larger than E. midipendulus, yellowish below, and with a slight
whitish ring round the eye. *
a, dad, sk. Borba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
3. Euscarthmus orbitatus.
Euscarthmus orbitatus, Maa. Beitr. iii. p. 958; Cab. et Hein. Mus.
Hein. ii. p. 51: ; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 102.
Todirostrum orbitatum, Gray, Gen. Birds, i. p. 257.
Todirostrum palpebrosum, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 362; Bp. Consp.
i. p. 183; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 84.
Triccus orbitatus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 497.
Above olive ; lores and broad line round the eye whitish ; ear-
coverts brown; wings and tail blackish brown, edged with yellowish
olive; beneath yellowish olive, clearer on the belly, more whitish on
the throat; under wing-coverts yellowish ; bill brown, under
mandible paler; feet pale brown : whole length 47 inches, wing
2-2, tail 2.
Pſab. S.E. Brazil.
The description is taken from a male specimen in the Vienna
Museum, obtained by Natterer at Ypanema in the Province of Saô
Paolo, Brazil, for an opportunity of examining which I have to
thank Herr v. Pelzeln and the officers of that institution. If Herr
v. Pelzeln’s determination of the species (as E. orbitatus) is correct,
which I believe to be the case, it is quite distinct from E. striaticollis,
with which it has been sometimes considered synonymous. The
latter is at once recognizable by its strongly striated throat and
front neck.
The larger size, besides the markings on the face, distinguishes
E. orbitatus from the two preceding species.
4. Euscarthmus fumifrons.
Todirostrum fumifrons, Hart!. Journ. f. Orn. 1853, p. 35; Selater,
P. Z. S. 1855, p. 67, et 1857, p. 84.
Euscarthmus fumifrons, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 51; Pelz.
80 TYRANNIDAE.
Orn. Bras, p. 101; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 209; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 45.
Triccus crimitus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 497.
Above olive-green; front and eye-region rufous; wings and tail
blackish, margined with olive; wing-coverts tipped and outer
secondaries edged with yellowish olive; bend of the wing yellow :
beneath pale yellowish, brighter in the middle ; throat white ;
under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet dark plumbeous :
whole length 3-5 inches, wing 1:7, tail 1:2.
Hab. Cayenne and Guiana; (S.E. Brazil?).
The description is taken from a specimen from Oyapoc, Cayenne
(Jelski), which has been compared with the type of Todws crimitus,
Licht., in the Berlin Museum.
a. Qad, sk. St. George, Oyapoc, Cayenne Sclater Coll.
(Jelski).
b. Ad. sk. S. America. Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Guiana (?). Sclater Coll.
5. Euscarthmus pelzelni.
Euscarthmus margaritaceiventer, Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 101; Scl. ef
Salv. Nomencl. p. 45.
Euscarthmus pelzelni, Sel, et Salv, Ibis, 1881, p. 268.
Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish; wing-coverts tipped
and outer secondaries edged with whitish, rest of remiges and
rectrices narrowly edged with olive ; whole head above with sides
and nape mouse-brown; beneath pearly white, sides of breast pale
cinereous; flanks and under wing-coverts tinged with yellowish;
bill and feet red : total length 3-5 inches, wing 1.8, tail 1:5.
Hab. Cuyaba, Brazil.
Allied to E. margaritaceiventer, but distinguished by its brown
head and well-marked whitish wing-bands.
a, d ad. sk. Cuyaba, Brazil (Natt.). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
6. Euscarthmus margaritaceiventer.
Tachuri pardo vientre de perla, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 90.
Todirostrum margaritaceiventer, d'Orb, et Lafº. Syn. Av. i. p. 46;
d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 316, t. xxxiii. figs, 3, 4; Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 11.
Triccus margaritaceiventris, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 456; id. La-
Plata Reise, ii. p. 456.
Euscarthmus margaritaceiventris, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 612
(Bolivia); Salvin, Ibis, 1880, p. 357 (Tucuman); White, P. Z. S.
1882, p. 605 (Oran); Sel, et Huds. Arg. Orn, i. p. 136.
Euscarthmus wuchereri, Sol, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 45; lid. P. Z. S.
1876, p. 16 (Peru); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 233.
Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive-
25. EUSCARTHMUs. 8].
green ; whole head above, including sides and back of neck, dark
cinereous: beneath pearly white, passing into pale cinereous on the
sides; under wing-coverts pale yellowish ; flanks tinged with oliva-
ceous; bill hazel, darker above; feet red: whole length 4-5 inches,
wing 2:1, tail 2-9. - 1.3
Hab. Paraguay, Northern La Plata, Bolivia, S. Peru, and S.E.
Brazil.
a. Ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. (Durnford). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Coll. (Type
of E. wuchereri.)
c. Ad, sk. Maranura, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Maranura, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Venezuela (Dyson) P Purchased.
`-7. Euscarthmus latirostris.
Euscarthmus latirostris, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 101.
Above olivaceous; cap pale cinereous; front, lores, and eye-
region rufous; wings and tail ashy black, wing-coverts edged with
yellowish brown, wing and tail-feathers edged with olive, bend of
the wing yellow : beneath ashy white; throat and middle of the
belly pure white; flanks tinged with olive; under wing-coverts
yellow ; bill blackish ; feet dark cinereous : whole length 3-9 inches,
wing 1-9, tail 1.3.
Hab. Upper Amazonia.
This species is nearly allied to E. gularis, but readily distinguish-
able by its rufous front and white throat.
a, b. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Haua well). Gould Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Jardine Coll.
d, e. ‘P ad. Sk. Nauta, R. Amazon. E. Bartlett [C.].
(In bad condition, perhaps different.)
8. Euscarthmus gularis.
Muscicapa gularis, Temn. Pl. Col. 167, fig. 1.
Todirostrum gulare, d'Orb, et Lafº. Syn. Av. i. p. 46; d'Orb. Voy.,
Ois. p. 315; Bp. Consp. i. p. 183; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 84.
Todirostrum rufilatum, Hartl. Journ. f. Orm. 1855, p. 98; Sclater,
P. Z. S. 1857, p. 84.
Euscarthmus gularis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 51; Sel. Cat.
A. B. p. 209; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 102; Sel. et Salv, Nomencl.
p. 45; iid, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 612. (Bolivia); White, P. Z. S., 1882,
. 605 (Corrientes); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 341 (Pernambuco);
'Berl, et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 129 (Rio Grande do Sul);
Sel, et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 136.
Todirostrum plumbeiceps, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 361.
Above olive; wings blackish, wing-coverts tipped and outer
secondaries edged with yellowish white, forming two distinct bands,
remiges and rectrices narrowly margined with olive; head above
dark cinereous; lores and sides of the head, surrounding the dark
ear-coverts, rufous: beneath white, sides of the breast greyish ;
G.
WOL. XIV.
82 TYRANNIDAE.
chin and sides of throat rufous like the lores; flanks and under
wing-coverts tinged with yellowish; whole length 3-5 inches, wing
1.8, tail 1:4. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil, Bolivia, and Northern La Plata.
a, Ö. d ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joymer).
c. Jr. sk. S.E. Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.
f—h. Ad, sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.
i, j. Ad, sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll,
`-9. Euscarthmus rufigularis,
Euscarthmus rufigularis, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 67; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1874, p. 534; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 231.
Next to E. gularis, but larger, bill broader; no bands on the
wing-coverts (Cabanis).
Hab. Peru.
S10. Euscarthmus russatus. (Plate IX. fig. 1.)
Euscarthmus russatus, Salv, et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 445; Salvin, Ibis,
1885, p. 292.
Above olive-green; crown and nape dark cinereous; front, lores,
and sides of head deep rufous ; wings and tail blackish, wing-
coverts tipped with rufous, forming two distinct bands, remiges
and rectrices narrowly margined with olive : beneath, whole throat
and breast deep rufous ; abdomen pale cinereous white ; thighs,
crissum, and under wing-coverts tinged with rufous: whole length
4 inches, wing 1.8, tail 1:4. Female similar.
Hab. Roraima district, British Guiana.
A very well-marked species, at once distinguishable by its deep
rufous throat and breast.
a, b. 3 ad. ; c. 92 Roraima, Brit. Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. (Whitely). (Types of the species.)
d, e. d ? ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana. Sclater Coll.
(Whitely). -
11. Euscarthmus granadensis.
Todirostrum granadense, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1843, p.289; Strickl. Contr.
º 1852, p. 41, pl. 85; Selater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 67, et 1857,
p. 84.
Euscarthmus granadensis, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 209; Sel. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 45; Berlepsch, J. f. O. 1884, p. 299 (Bucaramanga).
Todirostrum pectorale, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 52.
Above olive-green ; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive-
green; lores white: beneath greyish white, clear white on the breast
and the middle of the belly; throat black; under wing-coverts pale
25. EUSCARTHMUs. 83
yellow; flanks and crissum yellowish olive; bill dark horn-colour;
feet pale brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 1.9, tail 1-6.
Female similar.
Hab. Colombia.
a. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
c—e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
f, g, d ? ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
h. Ad. sk. Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
i. Ad, sk. Medellin, Antioquia. T. K. Salmon [C.].
`12. Euscarthmus pyrrhops.
Euscarthmus pyrrhops, Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 98; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1874, p. 535, et 1882, p. 18; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 232; Tacz, et Berl.
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 117.
Euscarthmus ocularis, Salvin, Ibis, 1876, p. 493 (Ecuador).
Above olive-green ; wings and tail blackish edged with olive ;
large loral spot and eye-region pale rufous: beneath pale greyish
white, clear white on the middle of the breast and the belly; under
wing-coverts yellowish ; flanks and crissum tinged with olivaceous;
beak horn-colour, paler below; feet pale brown: whole length 3.5
inches, wing 1.8, tail 16.
Hab. Western Peru and Ecuador.
Similar to E. granadensis, but with the sides of the head rufous.
a 3 ad, sk. Tamiapampa, Peru (Stolzman). Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimen of E. pyrrhops.)
b. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Villagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. Sk. Puna I., Ecuador (Villagomez). Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Types of E. ocularis.)
13. Euscarthmus striaticollis,
Todirostrum striaticolle, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 58.
Euscarthmus striaticollis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 101; Sel. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 45.
Euscarthmus orbitatus, Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 209 (err.).
Above yellowish olive, rather brownish on the head; lores
whitish ; wings and tail blackish, edged with yellowish olive :
beneath yellow; throat white, striated with black; under wing-coverts
pale yellow ; flanks olivaceous; bill plumbeous; feet pale brown:
whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2:1, tail 1:8. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
A rather large species, with somewhat strong bill, and at once
known by its striated throat and yellow belly.
a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil ( Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Villa Maria, Mato Grosso Sclater Coll.
(Natterer).
G 2
84 TYRANNII) E,
c, d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
e, Ad, sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Bogota (?). Purchased.
9. Ad. St. Bahia. Sudbury Museum.
`s 14. Euscarthmus impiger. (Plate IX. fig. 2.)
Fuscarthmus impiger, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 171, t. xiii. fig. 1,
et 1869, p. 253 (Venezuela); Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 299 (Buca-
ramanga).
Structure of Escarthmus inpiger. (P. Z. S. 1868, p. 171.)
Above mouse-brown, with an olivaceous tinge on the back;
wings and tail blackish, the wing-coverts tipped and outer secon-
daries edged externally with yellowish white, the other remiges
and the rectrices narrowly margined with olive : beneath white,
flammulated on the throat and breast with pale cinereous; under
wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill brown; feet red: whole length 4-2
inches, wing 1-9, tail 1:8.
Hab. Venezuela and Colombia.
a. 3 ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. 3 ad. sk. Caraccas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
`15. Euscarthmus inornatus.
Euscarthmus inornatus, Pelz. Orn. Bras, pp. 102, 174 (1871).
I have examined the single specimen of this species in the Vienna
Museum. It is most nearly allied to E. impiger, but rather smaller
in size, darker in colour above, and has the wing-bands of a clear
white ; whole length 3-3 inches, wing 1:7, tail 1:3.
Hab. Rio Negro district of Brazil (Natterer).

k-y
26. CERATOTRICCUs.—27. PSEUDOTRICCUs. 85
` 26. CERATOTRICCUS. Type
Ceratotriccus, Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 87 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. furcatus.
This well-marked form has been separated from its allies by
Dr. Cabanis on account of its peculiar tail, which is slightly forked,
and has the outer rectrices rather widened at the tips.
>1. Ceratotriccus furcatus.
Todirostrum furcatum, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 362.
Ceratotriccus furcatus, Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 87.
Euscarthmus apicalis, Scl, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 47, pl. ix, fig. 1.
Above olive-green; head dull rufous; lores paler; wings blackish,
slightly edged with rufous; tail dark grey, broadly tipped with
clear white, which is bordered by a black subapical band : beneath
cinereous; throat rufous, like the head ; a large cervical spot white;
under wing-coverts white; band of the wing yellowish ; bill and
feet pale brown; whole length 3-8 inches, wing 1:7, tail 1-6.
Plab. Brazil.
The white tail-band and white cervical spot at once distinguish
this species, of which I have examined a single specimen, in the
Paris Museum.
`-27. PSEUDOTRICCU.S. Type
Pseudotriccus, Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 88 . . . . . . . . P. pelzelni.
This singular form of Western Ecuador much resembles in
general aspect the female of Myiobius flavicans, and one of the
specimens was long in my collection doubtfully referred to that
species. It is, however, not nearly allied to Myiobius, and in its long,
smooth, and slender tarsi seems to come closer to Todirostrum and
Euscarthmus, near which, for the present, I place it. At the same
time, the two outer toes are rather more connected than is usual in
the Tyrannidae, and it is quite possible that Pseudotriccus may
turn out to be a Piprine form, as maintained by its discoverer,
M. Stolzmann.
`1. Pseudotriccus pelzelni,
Pseudotriccus pelzelmi, Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 88.
Above uniform dark olive; wings and tail blackish, the wing-
coverts like the back, the remiges and rectrices slightly edged with
brownish olive: beneath yellowish olive, paler in the middle; bill
dark horn-colour, feet pale brown ; whole length 4-2 inches, wing
2-4, tail 19.
Hab. Western Ecuador.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Machay, Ecuador (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimen.)
b. Ad, sk. Ecuador, Sclater Coll.
(Perhaps different.)
86 TYRANNIDAE.
`28. CAENOTRICCUS #.
Under this term, I propose to isolate the peculiar Todirostrum
rwficeps of Lafresnaye, which has been referred to several widely
different genera, without receiving an appropriate abiding-place.
Its long smooth tarsi show an affinity to the Todirostrine group,
where I will place it for the present. Coenotriccus is mostly found
in Bogota collections, but was obtained by Buckley in Eastern
Ecuador. -
1. Caenotriccus ruficeps.
Muscicapa (Todirostrum) ruficeps, Lafº. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 291.
Fluvicola ruficeps, Lafr, Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 80.
Conopophaga ruficeps, Lafr, Mag. de Zool. 1844, pl. 51; Bp. Consp.
i. p. 203.
Tºni ruficeps, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149.
Serphophaga ruficeps, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 212; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 47; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 535; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 237.
Olive-green ; whole head bright chestnut ; wings and tail blackish,
edged with rather darker chestnut: beneath paler, middle of belly
yellowish; upper mandible horn-colour, lower yellowish; feet pale
brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1:8.
Hab.*Colombia and Eastern Ecuador.
a, b. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
d. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
6, ſ Ad. et jr. Bogota. Jardine Coll.
Sk.
g. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Jameson). Jardine Coll.
i. Ad, sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll.
`29. LOPHOTRICCUs. Type
Lophotriccus, Berl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 553 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. spicifer.
This dismemberment of the genus Todirostrum contains two
species distinguished by their elevated crest and shorter smaller
bill. They range from Costa Rica southwards over Upper Amazonia
and Venezuela.
Rey to the Species.
A. Crest-feathers edged with whitish. . . . . . 1. Spicifer, p. 87.
B. Crest-feathers edged with rufous . . . . . . 2. squamicristatus, p. 87.
* Katrós recens et Tpikkos mom, propr.
29. LOPHOTRICCUs. 87
1.*Lophotriccus spicifer.
Todirostrum spiciferum, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 363; Scl. P. Z. S.
1855, p. 67, pl. lxxxiv. fig. 2.
Euscarthmus spicifer, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 187, 1867, p. 751,
et 1873, p. 278 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 45.
Colopterus galeatus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 18 (N.E. Peru).
Lophotriccus spicifer, Berl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 553; Tacz,
Orn. Pér, ii. p. 229.
Above olive-green; head-crest of elongated blackish feathers
narrowly edged with greyish white; wings and tail blackish,
margined with olive; the wing-coverts and outer secondaries more
broadly tipped and edged with yellowish green; beneath greyish
white, with slight obsolete darker striations and strong yellowish
tinge on the belly ; under wing-coverts pale yellowish ; bill cor-
neous ; feet brown ; whole length 2:7 inches, wing 2, tail 1-6.
Female similar.
Hab. Upper Amazonia.
a. Ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
b. ? ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Ucayali (Haua well). Gould Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Yguitos, E. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. 6 a.d. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Bartlett). Purchased.
f. Ad, sk. Upper Amazons. Purchased.
g, h. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2: Lophotriccus squamicristatus.
Todirostrum squamicristatum, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 363; Sclater,
P. Z. S. 1855, p. 148, 1857, p. 84, 1858, p. 70, 1859, p. 144, et
1860, pp. 283, 295; Bp. Consp. i. p. 183.
Euscarthmus squamicristatus, Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307 (Costa
Rica); Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 145.
Lophotriccus squamicristatus, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 553,
1884, p. 296, et 1885, p. 89 (Ecuador); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 230.
Orchilus pileatus, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 164; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1874, p. 535, 1877, p. 332, et 1882, p. 18 (Peru).
Euscarthmus pileatus, Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 164, t. ix. fig. 1 (?).
Above olive-green; elongated crest-feathers black, broadly tipped
with rufous ; wings and tail blackish edged with olive, the edgings
of the wing-coverts and outer secondaries broader and more yellowish:
beneath greyish white, clearer in the middle ; striated with darker
colour on the throat and breast; abdomen tinged with yellowish
green; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill dark horn-colour; feet
pale brown ; whole length 3-8 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1:8. Female
similar. *
Hab. Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Upper Amazonia,
Ecuador and Peru.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Dota, Costa Rica (Zeledon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
88 TYRANNID HE.
d. Ad, sk. Costa Rica (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
e. G ad, sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arcé). O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
f, g, d ad. ; h. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. -
i. ** sk. Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Cumbre de Valencia, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Goering).
k. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
l. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin–Godman Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.
m. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
0. Ad. sk. Imtac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. Ad, sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
q. Ad, sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illing- Salvin-Godman Coll.
worth).
r. Ad, sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
8. 3 ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
t. & ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Jardine Coll.
w, v, 6 ad, sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Jardine Coll.
w. Ad. St. Bogota. Purchased.
ck, moºris,18°7') 30, ORCHILUs. T
ype.
Orchilus,(al. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 164 (1845) . . . . O. auricularis.
This genus was based upon Todirostrum awriculare of S.E. Brazil,
distinguished from the parent form by its shorter and very slender
tarsi, feebler and shorter bill, and smaller tail. With this form has
been associated the remarkable T. ecaudatum with the tail exces-
sively diminished, which ought in strictness, perhaps, to be again
separated, but is, no doubt, closely allied.
The range of this genus extends from Costa Rica to Bolivia and
Paraguay.
Key to the Species.
A. Tail moderate, twice as long as tarsus : a well-
defined black auricular spot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. auricularis, p. 88.
B. Tail very short, not exceeding tarsus; no
auricular spot:
| crown cinereous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. ecaudatus, p. 89.
crown black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. atricapillus, p. 89.
13 Orchilus auricularis,
O ſ Platyrhynchús auricularis, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxvii. p. 16; id. Enc.
{ Méth. p. 838.
Euscarthmus cinereicollis, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 955.
Vermivora melanotis, Less, Tr. d’Orn. i. p. 386,
Todus megacephalus, Sw, Nat. Libr. Flycatch, p. 177, pl. 19.
Orchilus cinereicollis, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 164.
Todirostrum cinereicolle, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. Nachtr, p. 11.
Tºº auriculare, Lafr, Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 364; By. Consp.
i. p. 182.
30. ORCHILUs. 89
Triccus auricularis, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 499.
Orchilus auricularis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 51; Sel. Cat. A.
B. p. 209; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 102; Sel. et Salo. Womencl. p. 45;
Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 304 (S. Paulo); Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 88
º Berl, et Jher. Zeitschr, Orn, 1885, p. 130 (Rio Grande
o Sul).
Above bright olive-green; wings and tail blackish with olive-
green edgings, which are more yellowish on the wing-coverts and
outer secondaries; ring round the eye and adjacent portion of ear-
coverts pale rufous, bordered behind by a large black patch : beneath
yellowish, clearer in the middle of the belly; throat greyish white,
obsoletely striated with blackish ; under wing-coverts pale yellow :
bill horn-colour, whiter below at the base ; feet reddish : whole
length 2:5 inches, wing 1:6, tail 1:1.
Hab. S.E. Brazil. #9 'º
a. Ad. sk. Paraná, Brazil (Rogers). Salvin–Godman Coll.
b, c. Ad; sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.
h. Ad. st. Brazil. Gould Coll.
t. Ad. St. Brazil. Zool. Soc, Coll,
2,+Orchilus ecaudatus.
Todirostrum ecaudatum, d’Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 47; d'Orb. Voy.,
Ois. p. 316, t. xxxiii. figs. 1, 2.
Orchilus ecaudatus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 102; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1868, p. 631, 1878, p. 138, et 1879, p. 613; iid. Nomencl. p. 45;
Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 234.
Above yellowish olive; crown cinereous; wings and tail blackish
narrowly edged with olive, the margins of the coverts and outer
secondaries broader and more yellowish : beneath white, abdomen
tinged with yellowish ; under wing-coverts pale yellow : whole
length 2:8 inches, wing 1:2, tail 0-5.
Hab. Bolivia, Peru, and Venezuela.
a. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
3.4 Orchilus atricapillus.
Todirostrum ecaudatus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 110.
Orchilus atricapillus, Lawr. Ibis, 1875, p. 385.
Like O. ecaudatus, but crown black, a white line through the
lores, and abdomen clear yellow (Lawrence).
PIab, Costa Rica.
90 TYRANNIDAE.
31. COLOPTERUS, Type.
Colopterus, Cab, in Ber. Verh. Ak. Berlin, 1845, p. 216. C. galeatus.
Wings of Colopterus pilaris, 6 et Q.
The exceedingly curious wing-structure at once enables us to
recognize the form appropriately designated Colopterus by Cabanis,
of which two species are known, ranging from Veragua to Amazonia.
Both of them have a modified Todirostrine bill, and thin tarsi with
the division of the scutes in front well-marked. In the male of the
non-crested C. pilaris the four outer primaries are diminished to
barely more than two thirds of their normal length, and reduced in
size accordingly. In the crested C. galeatus this character is not so
strongly pronounced and seems to embrace only the three outer
primaries.
Key to the Species.
A. Non-crested; four outer primaries ab-
normally reduced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. pilaris, p. 90.
B. Crested; three outer primaries abnormally
reduced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. galeatus, p. 91.
1:t Colopterus pilaris.
Colopterus pilaris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 253; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 184; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 52; Scl. Cat, A. B. p. 210;
Sel. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 46; iid. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 252 (Venezuela);
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147 (Veragua); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880,
p. 124 (Santa Marta).
Todirostrum exile, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 83, pl. cxxv. fig. 3.
Crestless; above olive, wings and tail blackish edged with olive,
the margins of the wing-coverts and outer secondaries broader and
brighter: below greyish white; flanks and under wing-coverts
yellowish; bill brown; feet reddish hazel: whole length 3:2 inches,
wing 1-7, tail 1.3.
Hab. Veragua and Colombia.
a, b. 3 ad, sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.
d, e. Ad, sk. Minca, Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f-i. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin–Godman Coll.
j, k, Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. -
l, Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.

32. HEMITRICCUs. 91
2: Colopterus galeatus.
Figuier hupé de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Enl. 391, fig. 1.
Motacilla galeata, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl. p. 24.
Colopterus galeatus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 52; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 210; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 102; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867,
p. 577 (Lower Amazons); iid. Nomencl. p. 46; Layard, Ibis,
1873, p. 382 (Para); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 18 (N.E. Peru);
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 293 (Br. Guian.). -
Motacilla cristata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 972.
Colopterus cristatus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 253; Cab. et
Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 52.
Above olive ; elongated crest—feathers blackish in the centre :
wings and tail blackish edged with olive : beneath whitish, with
obsolete ashy striations on the throat and breast; belly and flanks
tinged with yellowish olive; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill
horn-colour; feet pale brown: whole length 3-3 inches, wing 1-7,
tail 1:5. Female similar.
Hab. Venezuela, Guiana, and Lower Amazonia.
a. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.
b, c. 3 ad. ; d. 2 Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
ad. sk. (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. 6 a.d. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f–g. Ad, sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Cayenne (Jelski). Salvin–Godman Coll.
2. Ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Lower Amazons (Wallace). Salvin–Godman Coll.
k. & ad. sk. Capim r., Lower Amazons
(Wallace). Salvin–Godman Coll.
l. Ad. ad. Cayenne. Purchased.
^+32. HEMITRICCUS. Type
Hemitriccus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 52 (1859)..... H. diops.
The Brazilian form isolated by Messrs. Cabanis and Heine under
the name Hemitriccus is not very far from Euscarthmus, but may be
suffered to remain alone in view of its narrow beak and longer tail.
The tarsi are long and slender, with the scutal divisions apparent.
1. Hemitriccus diops.
Muscicapa diops, Temm, P. Col. 144, f. 1.
Todirostrum diops, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 365; Bp. Consp. i. p. 182.
Euscarthmus vilis, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 490.
Hemitriccus diops, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 52; Scl. Cat. A.
B. p. 210; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 103; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 46.
Above uniform dull olive-green ; wings and tail blackish with
similar edgings; ring round the eye whitish ; lores blackish ;
92 TYRANNIT). E.
29%
beneath dirty grey; middle of breast and belly whitish ; under
wing-coverts and bend of wing yellowish ; upper mandible horn-
colour, lower pale brown; feet hazel: whole length 47 inches,
wing 2:2, tail 22.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.
33. PHYLLOSCARTES. Type
Phylloscartes, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 52 (1859) . . P. ventralis.
Only one example of this scarce little Brazilian bird is before me,
for the acquisition and recognition of which I am much indebted
to Graf v. Berlepsch. The bill is much more constricted than in the
preceding genera, the tail longer, and the tarsal scutellations strongly
developed. Were it not for the somewhat well-shown rictal setae,
one might be inclined to refer this form to the Elaineinae.
1. Phylloscartes ventralis.
Muscicapa ventralis, Temm. Pl. Col. 275. fig. 2.
Tyrannulus ventralis, Temm. Tabl. Méth. p. 27.
lºlainia ventralis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 250, 15.
Leptopogon ventralis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 186.
Euscarthmus ventralis, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 491.
Phylloscartes ventralis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 52; Pelz. Orn.
Bras. p. 102; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 577; iid. Womencl. p. 46;
Berl, et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 131 (Rio Grande do Sul); Sel.
et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 137; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii.
p. 198 (Entrerios). º
Above uniform olive ; ill-defined superciliaries whitish ; ear-
coverts dark; wings and tail blackish with olive margins; well-
defined spots on the tips of the two rows of wing-coverts and
outer webs of secondaries yellowish : beneath yellow, rather more
whitish on the throat and olivaceous on the sides; under wing-
coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet blackish: whole length 4:5 inches,
5 § 3 wing 2:1, tail 23, 5 3.4
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Taquara do Mundo Novo, Rio Grande Sclater Coll.
do Sul, Brazil (Jhering).
34. HAPALOCERCUs. 93
34. HAPAL00ERCUS.* Type
Hapalocercus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 254. . H. meloryphus.
Lepturus, Sw, Class. B. ii. p. 259 (1837). . . . . . . . . . . . H. meloryphus.
Leptocercus, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 164
(1845) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. meloryphus.
– Myiosympotes, Reich. Av. Syst. Wat. t. lxv. (1850) ... H. flaviventris
(teste Gray).
This little section contains four species, characterized by their
thin elongated tail and compressed bill, with slight rictal bristles.
The tarsi are long and thin, and the wings short. They are spread
thinly over South America from Colombia to La Plata.
Key to the Species.
A. Lower surface white or whitish.
| Langer; sides of head ashy brown . . . . . . 1. meloryphus, p. 93.
Smaller; sides of head fulvous . . . . . . . . 2. fulviceps, p. 94.
B. Lower surface yellow.
Upper surface brown; wings normal . . . . 3. flaviventris, p. 94.
Upper surface olive-green; outer primaries
pointed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. acutipennis, p. 95.
1. Hapalocercus meloryphus.
Euscarthmus meloryphus, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 947; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 184; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 493.
Lepturus ruficeps, Sw, Wat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 181, pl. 20.
Leptocercus ruficeps, Cab. in Tsch. Fawn. Per., Aves, p. 164.
hº ruficeps, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 254; Bp. Consp.
i. p. 185.
Hºus meloryphus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 52; Sel.
Cat. A. B. p. 210; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 103; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 46; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 332 (Colombia); Berlepsch, J. f. O.
1884, p. 318.
Above mouse-brown : wings and tail rather darker; head sub-
crested, the feathers of the crown clear rufous, tipped with brown :
beneath dirty white, a slight yellowish tinge on the flanks and
under wing-coverts; bill and feet brown : whole length 4-3 inches,
wing 1.9, tail l’8.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.
* The following species referred to this genus are unknown to me —
1. H. he/vvventris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 254; Cab, et Heine,
Mus, Hein. ii. p. 53, from the Antilles(?).
2, H. rufomarginatus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 103, from Brazil.
94 TYRANNIDAF,
2. Hapalocercus fulviceps.
Euscarthmus fulviceps, Sel. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 497; Tacz, P. Z. S.
1877, p. 325, et 1880, p. 202 (Peru).
Hapalocercus fulviceps, Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 118; Tacº.
Orn. Pér. ii. p. 295.
Structure of Hapalocerous fulviceps. (P. Z. S. 1871, p. 497.)
Above mouse-brown; wings and tail rather darker; tips of
coverts and outer margins of Outer secondaries pale brown; sides of
head and bases of feathers of subcrested crown fulvous-brown :
beneath dirty white; flanks and under wing-coverts with a slight
yellowish tinge; beak and feet brown; whole length 37 inches,
wing 1:7, tail 1:5.
Hab. Western Ecuador and Peru.
Smaller than H. meloryphus, and distinguished by the fulvous
sides of the head and banded wings.
a. Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Puna I., Guyaquil (Villagomez). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll.
3. Hapalocercus flaviventris.
Tachuri vientre amarillo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 89.
Alecturus flaviventris, d'Orb, et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 55; d'Orb. Voy.
Ois, pl. 36. f. 1.
Arundinicola flaviventris, d'Orb. ibid, p. 335.
Euscarthmus flaviventris, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 493.


34. HAPALOCERCUs. 95
Hapalocercus flaviventris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 254; Bo.
Consp. i. p. 185; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 52; Scl. Cat. A. B.
p. 210; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 103; Scl. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 46;
Purm. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 456; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 205;
Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 199 (Entrerios); Durnford,
Ibis, 1876, p. 159, 1877, pp. 34, 177, et 1878, pp. 60, 395 (Arg.
Rep.); Sol. et Hudson, Arg. Orn. i. p. 137.
Arundinicola citreola, Landb. Wiegm. Arch. 1864, pl. i. p. 58? (cf.
Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 160).
Euscarthmus (Hapalocercus) flaviventris, Burm. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 2.
Above mouse-brown ; wings and tail rather darker, with edgings
like the back; vertex more or less tinged with rufous : beneath
yellow ; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet black :
whole length 4:8 inches, wing 2, tail 2. Female similar.
Hab. S. Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, La Plata, and Chili.
a. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Haslehurst). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Hudson). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. Sclater Coll.
d. 6 a.d. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia (Hud- Purchased,
son).
e. Ad. sk. Chupat, Patagonia. H. Durnford [C].
f. Ad. sk. Pº of Arg. Republic (Ley- Salvin-Godman Coll.
old).
g, h. Ad. sk. cº Zool. Soc. Coll.
2. Ad, sk. Chili (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. 6 a.d. sk. Santiago, Chili (Landbeck). Sclater Coll.
k. Q ad. sk. Santiago, Chili (Landbeck). Salvin–Godman Coll.
l. Ad. sk. Chili. Purchased.
m. Ad, sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
` 4. Hapalocercus acutipennis.
Hapalocercus acutipennis, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 187 (Bogota);
1879, p. 512 (Antioquia); iid. Womencl. p. 46; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 236.
Above dark olive-green; wings and tail brown with slight pale
edgings: beneath yellow ; outer primaries acuminated; bill blackish ;
feet brown : whole length 4.5 inches, wing 1-8, tail 1:8.
Hab. Colombia and Peru.
The acumination of the wings which renders this species so
peculiar is carried to its greatest extent in the sixth, seventh, and
eight primary.
a. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b, Jr. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d. 3 ad. sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Jr. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.
f. Ad, sk. S. America. Jardine Coll.
96 TYRANNID E.
35. HABRURA. T
ype.
Habrura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 53 (1859) . . . . H. pectoralis.
Polystictus, Reichenb, Av. Syst. Nat. tab. lxvii. (1850).. H. pectoralis.
This peculiar form has been placed by some authors among the
Tityrinae, but, as Cabanis and Heine have remarked, undoubtedly
belongs here, and is nearly allied to Culicivora and Serphophaga.
In its abnormal plumage it closely resembles the former, but is at
once recognizable by its square tail and broader rectrices. The
tarsal scutes are well marked.
Habrwra extends from Paraguay to Guiana.
1. Habrura pectoralis.
Tachuri pecho amarillo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 80.
Sylvia pectoralis, Vieill. Now. Dict. xi. p. 210; id. Enc. Méth.
2.
Euscarthmus pectoralis, Hartl, Ind. Az. p. 11.
Serpophaga pectoralis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 53.
Habrura pectoralis, Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 279 (Uruguay); Sel, et
Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 137.
Hapalocerus pectoralis, Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 103; Salv, Ibis, 1885,
p. 293 (Brit. Guiana).
Euscarthmus superciliaris, Maa. Beitr. iii. p. 953.
Pachyramphus minimus, Gould, Zool. Voy. ‘Beagle, iii. p. 51, t. xv.
(1841).
Tityra minima, Gray, Gen. i. p. 254.
Hapalura minima, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 252; Burm. Syst.
Ueb. ii. p. 494.
Habrura minima, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 53; Sol. P. Z. S.
1879, p. 460; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 46.
Above sandy brown with a dark greyish tinge on the head,
which is subcrested, and has the vertical feathers white at their
bases; lores and eye-region whitish ; wings and tail blackish,
edged with sandy brown, which forms in some specimens two well-
marked wing-bands: beneath pale sandy ochraceous, more rufous
on the flanks, throat more or less freckled with black: bill and feet
dark brown ; whole length 4 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1-7. Female
similar, but without the black markings on the throat.
Hab. Northern La Plata, Uruguay, Paraguay, S.E. Brazil, and
British Guiana.
The specimens from Guiana are rather smaller in size, but do not
seem otherwise distinguishable.
a. Ad, sk. Cordova, rep. Arg, (Doering). Sclater Coll.
b. 6 ad. sk. Paysandu, Uruguay (Gibson). Sclater Coll.
c. 2 ad, sk. Cuyaba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
d, e. & ad. ; f,g. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ad. sk. (Whitely).
h. 3 Ad.; i, j. Ad. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
sk. (Whitely).
36. CULICIvor A. 97
`-36. CULICIWORA. Type
Culicivora, Sw, Zool. Journ. iii. p. 359 (1827) . . . . . . . . . . C. stenura.
Hapalura, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 252 . . . . . . . . C. Stenura.
The peculiar form which Swainson made the type of his genus
Culicivora is restricted, so far as we know at present, to S.E. Brazil
and the adjoining districts. It is at once recognizable by its long
graduated tail, with the barbs of the rectrices very thin and much
narrowed. The sandy plumage, which it shares with Habrura, is
only met with in these two types of the family Tyrannidae.
~ 1. Culicivora stemura.
Muscicapa stenura, Temm. Pl. Col. 167. fig. 3.
Hapalura stenura, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 252; Burm.
Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 494.
Culicivora stemura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 53; Pelz. Orn.
Bras. p. 103; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 605; Sel, et Huds. Arg. Orn.
i. p. 139.
Muscicapa hapalura, Licht, in Mus. Berol.
Above sandy brown, striated with black; head nearly black, lores
and superciliaries white; wings and tailblackish with slight brownish
edgings: beneath pale sandy buff, more brownish on the sides of the
neck and flanks; bill and feet black: whole length 3-7 inches, wing
17; tail, ext, rectr. 1-3, med. 19. -
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
I can only find 10 rectrices in the specimens of this species which
I have examined. They are long, thin, and rather stiffened. The
webs are much reduced in width in all the feathers.
a. 6 ad. sk. Curitiba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
b. 6 ad, sk. Ytararé, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. S.E. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
37. POGONOTRICCUS. Type
ype.
Pogonotriccus, Cab, et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54 (1859).. P. eximius,
Eupsilostoma, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 68 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. eximius.
Of this division, established by Cabanis and Heine for the Mus-
cicapa easimia of Temminck, I am able to recognize four nearly
allied species distributed over the forest-regions of South America.
As indicated by their generic name, they are remarkable in this
subfamily for the unusual development of the rictal bristles. The
tarsi are rather short, and the divisions of the scutes distinctly in-
dicated; the tail is long, nearly equalling the Wings.
WOL. XIV. Hſ
H
3,
98 TYRANNID ZE.
Rey to the Species.
a. Head grey variegated with whitish :
ear-coverts yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. evimius, p. 98.
ear-coverts black and white . . . . . . . . 2. ophthalmicus, p. 98.
b. Head dark olive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. gualaquizae, p. 99.
c. Head plumbeous; tail longer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. plumbeiceps, p. 99.
1. Pogonotriccus eximius.
Muscicapa eximia, Temm, P. Col. 144, fig. 2.
Euscarthmus eximius, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 491. wº
Pogonotriccus eximius, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 54; Sel. Cat.
A. B. p. 211; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 108; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 46.
Above bright yellowish olive; wings and tail blackish brown,
with edgings like the back; crown of head cinereous, lores and
lengthened superciliaries white; ear-coverts yellow, with a blackish
border behind: beneath olivaceous yellow, under wing-coverts pale
yellow; uppermandible plumbeous, lower mandible and feet reddish:
whole length 4-3 inches, wing 2, tail 19.
Hab. S.E. Brazil. 90 %.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Ypanema, S.E. Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. §. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
2:#Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus.
Pogonotriccus ophthalmicus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 135, 535, et
I882, p. 19; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 250; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885,
p. 89 &º. t
Pogonotriccus Zeledoni, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 144 (1869).
Above bright olive; wings and tail blackish, with edgings similar
to the back; tips of wing-coverts of a more yellowish tint and
forming two transverse bands; head and nape cinereous; lores and
lengthened superciliaries whitish ; ear-coverts very pale yellowish
or whitish, bordered behind by a black band: beneath pale yellowish,
throat whitish ; bill plumbeous; feet pale brown: whole length 4:4
inches, wing 2-4, tail 2:3.
Hab. Peru and Ecuador.
This species differs from P. e.vimius in the absence of the yellow
ear-coverts and in the paler colour below. So far as I can tell from
the examination of the single damaged specimen of P. Zeledoni
which Mr. Lawrence has lent to me, that species is probably the
same. If this should turn out to be the case, Mr. Lawrence's name
must be adopted.
a. Ad, sk. Ropaybamba, Peru (Jelskº). Sclater Coll,
5. Ad, sk. Huambo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
c. 3 ad. sk. Machay, Ecuador (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
38. LEPTOTRICCUs. 99
`-3. Pogonotriccus gualaquizae.
Pogonotriccus gualaquizae, Sol. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 48; Tacz. et Berl.
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 89.
Above olive-green, head above rather darker; wings and tail
blackish, with olive-green margins; lores whitish ; sides of head and
whole body below pale yellowish ; throat whitish ; bill and feet
brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 1.9, tail 17.
Hab. Western Ecuador.
a, b. 3 Q sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types
of the species.)
`-- 4:HPogonotriccus plumbeiceps.
Pogonotriccus plumbeiceps, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 267 (1870);
Sel, et Salv. Womencl. p. 46.
Tyranniscus plumbeiceps, Berl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 90.
Above olive-green; head and nape plumbeous; lores and ring
round the eye whitish ; wings blackish, coverts broadly tipped with
pale yellowish, remiges narrowly margined with olivaceous; tail
brown, slightly margined with olivaceous towards the base: beneath
olivaceous yellow, passing into whitish on the throat; under wing-
coverts pale yellow : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2-4, tail 2:3.
Hab. Colombia.
The first specimen seems to agree with the type, which has been
kindly lent to me by Mr. Lawrence. The second has a rather
narrower bill, and is possibly different.
a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll, --
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
38. LEPTOTRICCUS, Type
Leptoticeus, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54 (1859) ... L. syſviola.
In Leptotriccus the bill is rather longer and more compressed
than in Pogonotriccus, and the rictal bristles not quite so dense, but
the forms are closely allied. The feet are weak as in Pogonotriccus,
but the tarsi are rather longer. One of the two recognized species
of this group is from Brazil, the other from Veragua.
Key to the Species.
Head green like the back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. sylviola, p. 99.
Head dark plumbeous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. superciliaris, p. 100.
1:f Leptotriccus sylviola.
Muscicapa sylviola, Licht, in Mus. Berol.
3| Leptoticeus sylvioli, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 211; Scl. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 46.
H 2
100 TYRANNIDAE.
Above uniform bright olive; wings and tail blackish, with edgings
like the back; lores and ring round the eye dark rufous : under sur-
face dirty white; flanks slightly washed with greenish; under wing-
coverts white; bill and feet brown: whole length 4.5 inches, wing
2-1, tail 2. º º
Hab. S.E. Brazil. Sº Sº
a. Ad, sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
Y-2. Leptotriccus superciliaris.
Leptotriccus superciliaris, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 389; Salv.
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 196.
Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive-green;
head above and nape dark plumbeous; lores and ring round the
eye dark rufous : beneath ashy white, flanks and crissum tinged
with olivaceous; bill blackish ; feet pale brown: whole length 3-8
inches, wing 2, tail 19.
Hab. Veragua.
Like L. Sylviola, but distinguished by its dark head.
a. 9 ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
6. S2 ad, sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Types of the species.)
39. STIGMATURA, T
€.
Stigmatura, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 188 . . . . . . . . S. bºides.
The much elongated tail at once distinguishes this singular form,
which is otherwise not remotely allied to Serphophaga. The bill
is small and constricted, the rictal bristles very feeble, and the
tarsus long. One of the two known species of Stigmatura is found
in Bolivia and Peru, the other in the northern provinces of the
Argentine Republic.
Key to the Species.
A. Median white tail-band of lateral rectrices
complete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. budytoides, p. 100.
B. Median white tail-band of lateral rectrices
absent or incomplete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2..flavo-cinerea, p. 101.
1. Stigmatura budytoides.
Culicivora budytoides, d'Orb, et Lafr, Syn. Av. i. p. 56.
Setophaga budytoides, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 330, t.'36, fig. 2.
Stigmatura budytoides, Sel, et Salº. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 188 (Ucayali),
1873, p. 278 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 613 (Bolivia); iii. Womenol. p. 46;
Pelº, Orn. Bras. p. 104; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 238; Salo. Ibis,
1880, pp. 352, 357 (Tucuman); Sel. et Huds. Arg. Orn, i. p. 139.
40. SERPHOPHAGA. 101
Above greyish olive; lores and short superciliary streak yellowish ;
wings blackish brown ; tips of wing-coverts and outer margins of
secondaries white; tail blackish, all the lateral rectrices crossed by
a broad white median and a second terminal band; under surface
pale yellow ; bill and feet black: whole length 5 inches, wing 2*1, .
tail 25.
Hab, Bolivia, Peru, Int. of Brazil, and Northern La Plata.
a. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].
c, d. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). T. Bridges Cºl.
e. Ad. sk. Salta, rep. Arg, H. Durnford º
f. Ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. H. Durnford C.].
2. Stigmatura flavo-cinerea.
Phylloscartes flavo-cinerea, Burm. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 455; Sel.
P. Z. S. 1872, p. 542; Cab. J. f. O. 1878, p. 197.
Stigmatura flavo-cinerea, Sel. P. Z. S. 1872, pp. 542, 549; Sel, et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 46; Sel. et Hudson, Arg. Orn. i. p. 139.
Above greyish olive; lores and superciliary stripe whitish ; wings
blackish, with whitish edgings to the coverts and outer secondaries;
tail blackish ; outer web of the external rectrix and broad tips of
four external pairs white, the two external pairs in some specimens
also with a white spot in the middle of the internal web : beneath
pale yellow ; bill and feet black: whole length 5-8 inches, wing 2-3,
tail 3. Female similar.
Hab. Argentine Republic and Northern Patagonia.
In the Rio Negro specimens the white tail-markings are but
faintly shown.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Weisshaupt). Sclater Coll.
b,c, d ? ad.sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Weisshaupt). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. d ? ad, sk. º º rep. Arg. Salvin-Godman Coll.
hite).
f. 6 ad. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia (Hudson). Sclater Coll.
g. Q ad, sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia (Hudson). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. P ad, sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia (Hudson). Purchased.
40, SERPHOPHAGA. T
ype.
a e º q & e º e e º s º a s s e s a e º e º º e º e s tº e s s e º e º & S. subcristata.
Colorhamphus, Sund, Meth. Nat. Av. p. 59 (1872). . S. parvirostris.
In Serphophaga and the succeeding genera the beak becomes
much compressed, and it is somewhat hard to draw the line between
these forms and the Elaineinae. But the rictal bristles are more or
less developed in Serphophaga and its allies.
The seven species which I refer to this genus have a wide distri-
bution from Costa Rica to Chili and Patagonia.
102 TYRANNID ZE.
Key to the Species.
A. Head subcrested, with a white vertical spot.
a. Wings banded with white.
a'. Crown grey.
Smaller: white edgings of wings nar-
| TOWel' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. subcristata, p. 102.
Larger: white edgings of wings broader 2. albogrisea, p. 103.
b'. Crown black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. cinerea, p. 103.
b. Wings not banded.
Belly white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. hypoleuca, p. 104.
}; cinereous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. nigricans, p. 104.
B. Head uniform with back; no vertical spot.
Body below yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, sulflava, p. 105.
§ below grey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. parvirostris, p. 105.
1. Serphophaga subcristata.
Contramaestre copatillo ordinario, Agara, Apunt. ii. p. 66.
Sylvia subcristata, Vieill. Nouv. Dict, xi. p. 229; id. Enc. Méth.
. 443.
Hinº subcristata, Hartl. Ind. Az, p. 11.
Muscicapa straminea, Temm. Pl. Col. 167, fig. 2.
Muscicapa cristata, Lafr, et d'Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 52.
Muscicapara subcristata, d'Orb. Woy., Ois. p. 326.
Serpophaga albocoronata, Gould, in Zool. Voy. “Beagle, iii. p. 49.
Muscicapa incompta, Licht, in Mus. Berol.
Euscarthmus albicoronatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 184.
Serpophaga subcristata, Cab, et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 53; Sol. Cat.
A. B. p. 211; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 103; Burm. La-Plata Reise,
ii. p. 454; id. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 2; Sel, et Salv, P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 142,
175, et 1879, p. 613; id. Nomencl. p. 47; White, P. Z. S. 1882,
p. 606; Durnford, Ibis, 1876, p. 159, et 1877, p. 177; Forbes,
Ibis, 1881, p. 342; Barrows, Bull. Nutt, Orn. C. viii. p. 199 (En-
trerios); Berl, et Jher. Zeitsch. Orn, 1885, p. 130 (Rio Grande do
Sul); Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orm. i. p. 140.
Anaeretes cristatellus, Salvad. Att, Sc. It, vii. p. 153.
Serphophaga verticata, Burm. J. f. O. 1860, p. 246.
Above cinereous, usually with a slight olivaceous tinge on the
rump ; Crest—feathers white at their bases, tipped with cinereous and
slightly varied with black; wings blackish; wing-coverts tipped
with whitish, forming two transverse bands ; outer secondaries
externally margined with the same colour; tail dark ashy; beneath
ashy white, with more or less yellowish tinge on the belly and under
wing-coverts; bill dark horn-colour; feet black: whole length 4.5
inches, wing 2, tail 2:1. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Northern La Plata, and Bolivia.
The specimens from Cordova and Bolivia are more greyish above
and pure white below, and may be ultimately separable.
a. 3 a.d. sk. Lagoa Santa, S.E. Brazil (Lund). Sclater Coll. *
b. 3 ad. Sk, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
c, d. Ad. Sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll,
40. SERPHOPHAGA. 103
e. Ad. Sk, Maldonado, Uruguay. Fitzroy and Burnett
[P.].
..f. Ad, sk. Paysandu, Uruguay. Alan Peel [C.].
g. 3 a.d. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres (Hudson). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. 9 a.d. sk. Flores, Buenos Ayres (White). Sclater Coll.
*—k. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C].
l. 3 ad sk. Cosquin, Cordova, rep. Arg. (White). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. d ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, rep. Arg,(White). Sclater Coll.
n—p. 3 ad, sk. Pampas of Arg. Republic (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q—r. Ad, sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
s, t. Ad. St. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.],
~2. Serphophaga albogrisea.
Elainea cinerea, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 180; Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 138 (?).
Serphophaga albogrisea, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 156; Reich, u.
Schalow, J. f. O. 1881, p. 88.
Above cinereous, vertical patch white; wings black, broadly
margined with white except in the primaries; tail blackish, with
slight cinereous edgings: beneath white, with a slight ashy tinge on
the flanks; under wing-coverts pure white ; bill and feet brown :
whole length 4:3 inches, wing 2:5, tail 2:3.
Plab. Eastern Ecuador.
Much larger than S. subcristata, and at once recognizable by the
broad pure white wing-edgings.
a. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. Q. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].
3A-Serphophaga cinerea.
Euscarthmus cinereus, Strickl. Ann, & Mag. N. H. xiii. p. 414 (1844);
Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 165; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 526.
Serpophaga cinerea, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 458, 1859, p. 144, et
1866, p. 99; id. Cat. A. B. p. 211; Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii.
p. 53; Pelz. Orm. Bras, p. 103; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147; id.
Ibis, 1869, p. 319; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781, 1873, p. 185,
et 1879, pp. 512, 613; iid. Nomencl. p. 47; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 535, 1879, p. 233, et 1880, p. 203; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 236; Berl.
et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 553; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 62; Wyatt,
Ibis, 1871, p. 332; Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 318.
Serpophaga grisea, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. x. p. 139 (Costa Rica);
Salv, Ibis, 1874, p. 315.
Above cinereous, head black with a white vertical spot; crest
very slight; wings and tail black; wing-coverts tipped and outer
secondaries margined with white : beneath paler cinereous, whiter
on the belly and under wing-coverts; bill and feet black : whole
length 4-3 inches, wing 2:4, tail 2. Female similar.
Hab. Costa Rica, Veragua, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
and Bolivia.
a. Ad, sk. Costa Rica (Endres). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. 3 ad, sk. Sante Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c. Ad. Sk, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
104 TYRANNIDAE.
d. Ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Envigado, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
?. & ad. sk. Riobamba, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].
j, Q ad, sk. Cuenca, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
k, l. Ad. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Baganti, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n, Ad. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.
T-4. Serphophaga hypoleuca.
Serphophaga hypoleuca, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 188, et 1873,
p. 278; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 238.
Above pale brownish cinereous; wings and tail blackish, with
edgings like the back; head blackish ; crest elongated, black, with
a white basal spot: beneath white, passing into pale cinereous on
the flanks; under wing-coverts white; bill and feet black: whole
length 4 inches, wing 1-8, tail 1:8.
Hab. Eastern Peru.
A small species, without traces of wing-bands, and with a small
lengthened black crest, with a white basal spot.
a. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. (Type of the
species.)
b. 3 ad. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c—e. Ad. sk. Lower Ucayali, E. Bartlett [C.].
5. Serphophaga nigricans.
Sylvia nigricans, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xi. p. 204; id. Enc. Méth. p. 462
(ex Azara, no. 167).
Tachuris nigricans, Lafr, et d’Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 55; d'Orb. Voy.,
Ois, p. 334.
Euscarthmus nigricans, Hartl. Ind. Azar. p. 11; Bp. Consp. i. p. 184;
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 492; Steinberg, J. f. O. 1869, p.262 (nest);
Holtz, J. f. O. .*}. 7 (egg).
Muscicapa obscurata, Licht, in Mus. Berol.
Serphophaga nigricans, Gould, in Zool. Voy. ‘Beagle, iii. p. 50; Cab.
et Hein, Mus, Hein. ii. p. 53; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 211; Burm. La-
Plata Reise, ii. p. 454; id, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 2; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1868, p. 142; iºd. Nomencl. p. 47; Euler, J. f. O. 1868, p. 184;
Hudson, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 671, et 1872, p. 543; Durnf. Ibis, 1877,
p. 177, et 1880, p. 424 (rep. Arg); White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 606;
Berl, et Jher. Zeitschr. Orn. 1885, p. 130 (Rio Grande do Sul);
Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 199 (Entrerios); Sol, et Huás.
Arg. Orn. i. p. 141.
Euscarthmus cinereus, Burm. J. f. O. 1860, p. 246.

Above dull brownish cinereous, wings and tail blackish, the
coverts and outer secondaries with slight edgings like the back;
crest slight, with a well-marked white basal spot: beneath paler
40. SERPIOPHAGA. 105
and rather purer cinereous; under wing-coverts pale cinereous;
bill and feet dark horn-colour: whole length 47 inches, wing 2-3,
tail 1:1. Female similar, but vertical spot not so well marked.
Hab. S. Brazil, Paraguay, La Plata, and Northern Patagonia.
a. c ad, sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres (Hudson). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b, c, d ? ad. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.].
sk.
d. 9 ad. sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres (White). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. & 9 a.d. sk. Cosquin, Cordoba, rep. Arg. Salvin–Godman Coll.
(White).
f, g. Ad, sk. La Plata. Sclater Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Maldonado, Uruguay. Sir W. Burnett [P].
%. 6 a.d. sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia (Hudson). Purchased.
6. Serphophaga subflava.
Serphophaga subflava, Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. pp. 47, 158.
Above olive-brown; cap brownish ; lores whitish ; wings and tail
brown ; wing-coverts and external secondaries edged with whitish :
beneath uniform yellowish, more olivaceous on the flanks; under
wing-coverts pale yellow : whole length 4:4 inches, wing 1-8,
tail 19.
Hab. Vicinity of Para, Brazil.
The single specimen on which this species was founded remains
unique. The wholly yellow under surface distinguishes it from all
its congeners.
a. Ad, sk. Para, Brazil (Wallace). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
7. Serphophaga parvirostris.
Tyrannula parvirostris, Gould, in Zool. Voy. ‘Beagle, iii. p. 48.
Myiobius parvirostris, Gray, ibid.; Gay, Faun. Chil. Aves, p. 341.
Serpophaga parvirostris, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 212; id. P. Z. S. 1867,
p. 327; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 47; iid. Ibis, 1868, p. 185.
Above dull brown; head and nape dark cinereous; ear-coverts
blackish; wings and tail blackish, with rufous edgings to the wing-
coverts and outer secondaries: beneath pale cinereous; throat and
lower belly more whitish ; under wing-coverts pale yellowish; inner
margins of wing-feathers pale rufous; bill dark flesh-colour; feet
black: whole length 4.7 inches, wing 2:5, tail 2. Female similar.
Hab. Chili, Patagonia, Terra del Fuego, and Bolivia.
a, b. Ad, sk. Santiago, Chili (Reed). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Chili. T. Bridges º
d. Ad. Sk. Valparaiso, Chili. C. Darwin 3. _J"
e. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Santa Cruz, Patagonia. C. Darwin [C.].
(Type of the species.)
g. Ad, sk. St. Martin's Cove, Patagonia. Lt. A. Smith, R.N.
[P.].
h. Ad, sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Sclater Coll.
106 TYRANNIDAE.
41. ANAERETES, Type
Anairetes, Reichenb. Av. S. W. t. lxvi. (1850) . . . . . . . . . . A. parulus,
The genus Amaeretes contains a series of about Seven small species
with crested head, striped plumage, and much compressed bill.
They are said to be Tit-like in their habits.
They are found mostly in the Patagonian Region, but extend
along the range of the Andes into Ecuador.
Key to the Species.
A. Tail about equal to wings; squared.
a. Bill black, uniform.
Smaller: belly yellowish . . . . . . . . 1. partlus, p. 106.
Larger: belly white . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. fernandezianus, p. 107.
b. Bill reddish or yellowish at the base.
Larger; back black, striated with
| White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. albicristatus, p. 107.
Smaller : back olive-brown . . . . . . 4. flavirostris, p. 108.
B. Tail much longer than wings, graduated . 5, agilis, p. 108.
1. Anaretes parulus.
Muscicapa parulus, Kittl. Mém, prés. Acad. Pétersb. i. p. 190, pl. 9
(1831).
Sylvia bloxami, J. E. Gray, Zool. Misc. 1831, p. 11.
Culicivora parulus, Lafr, et d’Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 57; d'Orb. Voy.,
Ois. p. 332; Gay, Faun. Chil., Aves, p. 343.
Serphophaga parula, Gould, in Zool, Voy. ‘Beagle, iii. p. 49; Sel.
P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554.
Euscarthmus parulus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 184.
Regulus plumulosus, Peale, U.S. Explor. Erp. p. 94, pl. 25.
Anaeretes parulus, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54; Sel. Cat. A.
B. p. 212; id. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 327, 338, et 1872, pp. 543, 549;
Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 47; iid. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 432, et 1879,
p. 613; iid. Zool. Chall. Exp. viii. p. 101; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 535, et 1880, p. 202; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 239; Burm. La-Plata
Beise, ii. p. 455; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 8; White, P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 39 (rép. Arg.); Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 423; Durnford, Ibis,
1877, p. 34, et 1878, p. 395; Scl. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 141.
Anaeretes parulus aequatorialis, Berl, et Tacz, P. Z. S. 1884, p. 296,
et 1885, p. 123.
Above cinereous, with an olivaceous tint on the lower back;
head black, front varied with white; elongated vertical crest black,
sometimes varied with white; wings blackish, with slight whitish
tips to the coverts and whitish margins to the outer secondaries; tail
blackish, outer web of external rectrix whitish : beneath pale straw-
colour, white on the throat ; throat and breast with numerous and
well-marked black striations; under wing-coverts pale stramineous;
bill and feet black: whole length 4 inches, wing 19, tail 1:8.
Female similar, but crest shorter.
Hab. Argentine Republic, Chili, Bolivia, Peru, and Andes of
Ecuador.
41. ANAERETEs. 107
a. 9 ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Republic (Ley- Salvin-Godman Coll.
bold).
b. Ad. sk. Rio Negro, Patagonia (Hudson). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Santa Cruz, Patagonia. Zool. Soc. Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Malaspina I., Patagonia. Dr. Coppinger [C.].
e. Q ad, sk. Puerto Bueno, Patagonia. ‘Challenger’ Exp.
f. Ad. sk. Chili (Bridges). Sclater Coll.
g. & ad. sk. Talcahuano, Chili (Markham). Salvin–Godman Coll.
h. Sº ad, sk. Vic. of Santiago, Chili (Leybold). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Valparaíso, Chili. C. Darwin [C.].
j. 6 a.d. sk. Valparaiso, Chili. Jardine Coll.
k, l, Ad, sk. Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
an. Ad, sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Eyton Coll.
n. Ad, sk. Ninabamba, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
o. 3 a.d. sk. Titiacum, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
p. Ad. Sk, Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
q, r, Ad. Sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
8. Ad, sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). Salvin–Godman Coll.
t. Ad, sk. Valley of Lloa, Ecuador (Jame- Jardine Coll.
Son).
w. Ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Gould Coll.
v. Ad. Sk. Bogota (P). Purchased.
w. Ad. St. Chili. Purchased.
a. Ad. St. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
2. Anaretes fernandezianus.
Culicivora fernandeziana, Philippi, Wiegm. Arch. 1857, pt. i. p. 263;
Phil. et Landb. Cat. Aves Chil. p. 22.
Euscarthmus fernandezianus, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 351.
Anaeretes fernandezianus, Sel, Ibis, 1871, p. 179, t. vii. fig. 1; Sel, et
Salv. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 432; iid. Nomencl. p. 47; iid, Zool. Chall.
Exp. viii. p. 101; Salo. Ibis, 1875, p. 376; id. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 423;
Reed, Ibis, 1874, p. 82.
Above dark cinereous; elongated vertical crest black, mixed with
white at the base; wings blackish, with slight whitish tips to the
wing-coverts and margins to the Outer secondaries; tail brownish
black; outer web of external rectrix white; beneath white, densely
striated with black on the throat and breast ; under wing-coverts
white; bill and feet black: whole length 4:8 inches, wing 2-4,
tail 2:3. Female similar, but crest not so large.
Hab. Juan Fernandez Island.
At once recognizable from A. parwlus by its much larger size,
greyer back, and whiter belly.
a, b. 3 Q ad, sk. Juan Fernandez (Reed). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c, d. 6 S2 ad. sk. Juan Fernandez. Sclater Coll.
e, f. Ad, sk. Juan Fernandez (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g-j. 3 a.d. sk. Juan Fernandez, ‘Challenger’ Exp.
k. Ad. St. Juan Fernandez. H. Cuming.
3. Anaeretes albocristatus.
Tyrannulus albocristatus, Pig. Zool. Journ. 1829, v. p. 273.
Culicivora reguloides, Lafr, et d'Orb. Syn., Av. i. p. 57; d'Orb. Voy.,
Ois. p. 332, pl. 37. fig. 1.
108 TYRANNIDAE.
Vermivora elegans, Less, Voy. Thet. ii. p. 323.
Euscarthmus reguloides, Cab. in Tsch. Fawn. Per., Orn. p. 166.
Euscarthmus albocristatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 184.
Anaeretes albocristatus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 212; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 498, et 1873, p. 780; Sel, et
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 987, et 1868, p. 569; iid. Nomencl. p. 47;
Tacz, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 535, 1879, p. 233; id, Orn. Pér. ii. p. 241.
Above black, with white striations; wings and tail black, edged
with white; vertical patch white, surmounted by a thin black
crest; sides of head black : beneath white, striated with black on
the breast and throat ; under wing-coverts white ; bill reddish,
tipped with black; feet black : whole length 4:4 inches, wing 2-2,
tail 2. Female similar, but crest not so long.
Hab. Peru.
a. Ad. sk. Arequipa, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
b. ? ad, sk. Arequipa, Peru (Whitely). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c. 3 ad. sk. Islay, Peru (Whitely). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d. 6 a.d. sk. Calanudos Valley, S.W. Peru Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
e. & ad. sk. Chata, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
f, Jr. sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll.
4. Anaeretes flavirostris.
Anaeretes flavirostris, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 355, et 1879, p. 613;
Sel. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 142.
Above brownish olive; head black mixed with white, and sur-
mounted by narrow, elongated, black crest-feathers; wings blackish,
with broad white tips to the coverts and margins to the outer
secondaries; tail blackish, outer web of external rectrix whitish :
beneath pale stramineous; throat and breast white, densely striated
with black; under wing-coverts white; bill yellowish, with a black
tip ; feet black ; whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2:1, tail 2.
Hab. Bolivia and Northern La Plata.
This species is most like A. parwlus in general appearance, but
at once distinguishable by its yellow bill.
a. Ad. sk. Bolivia (Bridges). Sclater Coll.
b, c. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Cosquin, Cordova, rep. Arg. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(White).
5. Amaëretes agilis.
Euscarthmus agilis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 28, pl. 118,
Anteretes agilis, Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54; Sol. Cat. A. B.
p. 212; Sel. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 47; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 242;
Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 89 (Ecuador).
Above olive-brown, striated with blackish ; head subcrested,
black; lores and superciliary stripes varied with white; wings and
tail blackish brown, with slight paler margins: beneath pale strami-
42. CYANOTIS. 109
neous, throat and breast with narrow black striations ; under wing-
coverts pale yellow ; bill black, reddish at the base; feet dark
flesh-colour: whole length 5 inches, wing 2-2, tail 2-8.
Plab. Colombia.
The long tail and lengthened tarsi at once distinguish this
species, which might well be generically separated, but is certainly
closely allied to Anderetes.
a. Ad. Sk, Dogota. Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Subfamily III. ELAINEINAE.
In the Elaineinae or Olive-Tyrants the bill, instead of being ex-
panded laterally and much bristled, as in the Platyrhynchinae, is
compressed, and in most cases very sparingly provided with rictal
setae. The feet are feeble, the wings generally short, and the struc-
ture is generally adapted for arboreal life.
The general colour of these birds is of olive-green and sombre
brown, in conformity with that of the dense forests to which they
mostly resort. But the bright-tinted and reed-frequenting Cyanotis
is aberrant both in colour and habits.
The Elaineinae are distributed over the whole of the Neotropical
Region, one species only (Ornithion imberbe) having been as yet
ascertained to occur within the limits of the Nearctic Region.
Indea, to the Genera.
42. CYANOTIs, p. 109. 52. EMPIDAGRA, p. 154.
43. MIONECTEs, p. 111. 53. LEGATUS, p. 155.
44. LEPTOPOGON, p. 114. 54. SpHLEGATUS, p. 157.
45. CAPSIEMPIs, p. 120. 55. MYIOZETETEs, p. 159.
46. PHYLLOMYIAs, p. 121. 56, RHYNCHOCYCLUs, p. 165.
47. MYIOPATIs, p. 123. 57. CoNOPIAs, p. 173.
48. ORNITHION, p. 125. 58. PITANGUs, p. 174.
49. TYRANNULUS, p. 128. 59. SIRYSTEs, p. 181.
50. TYRANNISCUS, p. 130. 60. MYIODYNASTEs, p. 182.
51. ELAINEA, p. 136.
42. CYANOTIS.
Type.
Cyanotis, Sw., Class. B. ii. p. 243 (1837) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. azarae.
Tachuris, Lafr, et d'Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 55 (1837) . . . . . . . . C. azarae.
In Cyanotis the constriction of the bill and the smoothness of
the rictus are carried to an extreme which is unparalleled among
other Tyrannidae; and although there is little doubt that the affini-
ties of Cyanotis are with this family, it is certainly a most anomalous
form, both in structure, and colour, and must, I think, eventually
be allowed the rank of a distinct subfamily. For the present, I
110 TYRANNIDAE.
place it at one end of the Elaineinae, where it is certainly more
naturally stationed than with the Platyrhynchinae.
Cyanotis is found only in the reed-beds of the temperate portion
of South America.
1. Cyanotis azarae.
Elrey, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 72.
Sylvia rubigastra, Vieill. Now. Dict. xi. p. 277 (1817); id. Enc.
Méth. p. 480.
“Regulus azarae, Licht,” Naum. Vög. Deutschl. iii. & 966 (1823).
Regulus omnicolor, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 271, pl. 166 (1825).
Regulus byronensis, J. E. Gray, in Griff. Anim. Kingd. ii. p. 42.
Tachuris omnicolor, Lafr, et d’Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 55.
Tachuris rubrigastra, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 333.
Cyanotis omnicolor, Bp. Consp. i. p. 185; Durnf. Ibis, 1877, p. 34,
et 1878, p. 395 (rep. Arg),
Cyanotis azarae, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 54; Sol. Cat. A. B.
. 212; id. P. Z. S. 1866, p.99, et 1867, pp. 327, 338; Sel. et Salo.
. Z. S. 1869, p. 159; iid. Womencl. p. 47; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 535, et 1879, p. 233; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 243; Durnf. Ibis, 1876,
. 160, et 1877, p. 177 (rep. Arg.); Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 32
&c. Arg.); White, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 39 (rep. Arg.); Salv.
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 423 (Chili); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. C. viii.
p. 200 (Entrerios); Sel. et Hudson, Arg. Orn. i. p. 142.
Above dark bronzy green ; head black; superciliaries yellow ;
vertical spot crimson ; wings black, broad tips of the lesser wing-
coverts and broad edgings of some of the secondaries white, forming
a large white bar on the wing: tail black, greater part of outer
pair of rectrices, outer web, and broad tip of next pair and narrow
tips of third pair white : beneath bright ochraceous yellow; chin
whitish ; crissum Crimson ; incomplete band across the lower breast
black; nnder wing-coverts white; bill black; feet dark flesh-
colour: whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2.5, tail 17. Female
similar.
Hab. La Plata, Chili, and Western Peru.
a, b. 3 Q ad, sk. Buenos Ayres (White). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c. 3 ad. Sk. cº Buenos Ayres (Hud- Salvin-Godman Coll.
SO?? ),
d. 9 ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Sclater Coll.
(Hudson).
e. Ad, sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. C. Durnford [C].
f Q ad, sk. Rio Negro of Patagonia. W. Hudson [C].
g. & ad. sk. Coquimbo, Chili (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Chili (Reed). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2—k. Ad. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll.
!—m. Ad. Sk, Chili. Purchased.
n. Ad, sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll.
o, Ad, sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.
43. MIONECTEs. 111
43. MIONECTES.
Type.
Mionectes, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 275 . . . . M, striaticollis.
Pipromorpha, Bp. (ev MS. Shiff), Ann, d. Sc. Nat, Zool.
vol. i. p. 134 (1854). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. oleagineus.
In this little group of two sections, both of which are widely
diffused over the tropical portions of the Neotropical Region, the
bill is much constricted, and the rictus very smooth, the setae being
small and inconspicuous. The tarsi are short and feeble ; and the
divisions of the anterior scutella are generally well apparent.
Rey to the Species.
A. Abdomen yellowish.
Head more or less cinereous . . . . . . . . . . 1. striaticollis, p. 111.
| Head olive like the back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. olivaceus, p. 112.
B. Abdomen rufous.
Head olive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. oleaginetts, p. 112.
#: £rey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. ruftventris, p. 114.
1. Mionectes striaticollis.
Muscicapa striaticollis, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 51.
Muscicapara striaticollis, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 823, pl. 35. fig. 2.
Mionectes striaticollis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 187; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 213;
Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358, 1868, p. 628, 1879, pp. 512, 613;
did. Womencl. p. 47; Lawr. Ann. Lyo. N. Y. vii. p. 328; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 535, 1879, p. 233, et 1882, p. 19; id. Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 244; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 296, et 1885, pp. 90,
115, 120.
Mionectes poliocephalus, Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 148, pl. 10, fig. 1.
Above olive-green; wings and tail ashy brown, edged with olive;
head grey : beneath yellowish, striated with dark green ; throat dark
cinereous, with white striations; middle of belly yellow ; under
wing-coverts pale yellowish ; inner margins of wing-feathers pale
rufous; bill and feet brown: whole length 5 inches, wing 2-9, tail
23. Female similar.
Hab. Bolivia, Peru, and Colombia.
a, b. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Buckley).
c. Ad, sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Sclater Coll.
(Buckley).
d, Jr. sk. Tamiapampa, Peru (Stolz- Sclater Coll.
7??&72?? ).
e. Ad. Sk. Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia, Salvin–Godman Coll.
U. S. C. (Salmon).
g. Ad, sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia. Salmon [C.].
h, . Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
k. Ad, sk. Bogota. Purchased.
112 TYRANNIDAE.
2.*Mionectes olivaceus.
Mionectes olivaceus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 111 (1868); Frantz.
J. f. O. 1869, p. 307; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 196; Sol, et Salv.
Womencl. p. 47; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 414; Berl, et Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 115.
Mionectes striaticollis, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 144, et 1860, p. 93
(Ecuador).
Above olive-green ; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive :
beneath yellowish, with numerous green striations : middle of belly
not striated; under wing-coverts yellowish ; inner webs of remiges
rufous; bill dark, with carneous base; feet brown: whole length
5 inches, wing 29, tail 2:3. Female similar.
Hab. Costa Rica, Veragua, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.
In Colombia and Ecuador this form grades into M. striaticollis,
and it is difficult to decide under which head to place some of the
Specimens.
a. Ad. sk. Buena Vista, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.
7???00 ).
b. Ad, sk. Bºº. Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.
miol).
c. 3 ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Q ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. Ad, sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
g, h, Ad, sk. Veragua (Arcé). O. Salvin, Esq. º
?. 6 ad. sk. Volc. of Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. 6 a.d. sk. Lion Hill St., Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
(McLeannan).
k, l, 6 Qad. sk, Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
m. Ad, sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Jardine Coll.
n, 0. Ad, sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. Ad. Sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q, r, Ad. Sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
s. Ad, sk. Bogota. Purchased.
t. 6 ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Sclater Coll.
(Goering).
w. Q ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Goering).
3:t Mionectes oleagineus.
Muscicapa oleaginea, Licht. Doubl. p. 55.
Miomectes oleagineus, Cab, in Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn, p. 148; Burm.
Syst. Ueb. ii.
p. 482; BP. Consp. i. p. 187; Scl. P. Z. S. 1856,
p. 296, 1858, p. 71, 1859, p. 45, et T860, p. 283; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 213; Taylor, Ibis, 1864,
p. 85; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866,
p. 188, 1867, pp. 577, 751,978, 1873, p. 278, et 1879, pp. 512, 613;
did. Nomencl. p. 47; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147, et 1870, p. 196;
id. Ibis, 1885, p. 293 (Brit. Guiana); Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix.
pp. 89, 111; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 104;
Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 382; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63; Tacz.
I’. Z. S. 1882,
. 19 ; id. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 245; Ridgw. P. U.S. N.
... --→-- -----,
M. vi. p. 402; Berl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. IS83, p. 553, et 1885, p. 68;
Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 299.
43. MIONECTEs.
113
Pipromorpha oleaginea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Henn. ii. p. 55.
Mionectes assimilis, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 45, 46, 366; id. Ibis,
1859, p. 445; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 124; 3d. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 328,
ix. p. 111; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307.
p. 213; Sel. et Salo. Ibis, 1859,
Above uniform olive-green ; wings and tail blackish with olive
edgings: beneath rather lighter, abdomen yellowish rufous ; under
wing-coverts ochraceous; bill carneous, base of lower mandible and
feet brown ; whole length 5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2:1. Female
similar.
Flab. Guatemala and Central and South America down to Ama-
zonia and S.E. Brazil.
I have formerly separated the rather paler Central-American
form as M. assimilis, but the difference is hardly appreciable in many
CaSéS.
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
9. Ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
2. Ad, sk.
j. 6 a.d. sk.
K. Ad. sk.
!. Ad, sk.
m. Sº ad. sk.
2. Ad. sk.
o, Ad, sk.
p, g. c. 9 a.d.
sk.
a. Ad, sk.
b. Ad, sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. Sk,
f. Ad, sk.
g. 6 a.d. sk.
h. 3 ad. sk.
* @ ad. sk.
j, k, d ? ad.
sk.
l, Ad. sk.
m. Ad, sk.
n—r. Ad, sk.
s. Ad. sk.
WOL., XIV.
+a. Subsp. assimilis.
Mexico (P).
Belize (Blancaneaua).
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Retaluleu, Guatemala (Salvin).
Volc. de Agua, Guatemala (Sal-
vin).
Guatemala.
Vera Paz.
Guiatic, Costa Rica (Carmiol).
Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arcé).
Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé).
Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé).
Chiriqui (Arcé).
Panama (Hughes).
Panama (McLeannan).
+b. Subsp. typica.
Dogota.
Bogota.
Bogota.
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Pebas, E. Peru (Hawa well).
Chamicuros, E. Peru (Hawa'well).
Roraima, British Guiana(Whitely).
Merumé Mts., British Guiana
(Whitely).
Camacusa, British Guiana
(Whitely).
Bartica Grove, British Guiana
(Whitely).
Cayenne.
Tobago (Kirk).
Tobago (Kirk).
Para, Lower Amazons ( Wallace).
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godunan Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
O. Salvin [C.].
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Jardine Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
I
114 TYRANNID ZE.
t. 3 ad, sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.
w. Ad, sk. Guia, Rio Negro (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.
v. Ad. Sk. Borba, R. Madeira (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
w. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater (Joll.
gy. Ad. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.
z, a'. Ad, st. Brazil. Purchased.
4. Mionectes rufiventris,
Muscicapa rufiventris, Licht. in Mus. Berol.
Mionectes rufiventris, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 148; Burm. Sysf.
Ueb. ii. p. 482; d. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 454; Pelz. Orm. Bras,
p. 104; Sel. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 47; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr, ges.
Orn. 1885, p. 131.
Above olive-green, whole head washed with cinereous; Wings and
tail blackish brown, with yellowish-olive edgings: beneath, throat
pale cinereous, abdomen ochraceous rufous; bill dark, carneous at
the base; feet pale brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2:7, tail 2-2.
Female similar.
Pſab. S.E. Brazil and N. Ta Plata.
Only different from M. oleagineus in its grey throat and head.
a. 3 a.d. sk. Curytiba, Brazil (Natterer.) Sclater Coll.
b. 3 a.d. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
c. Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Brazil. Zool, Soc. Coll.
44. LEPTOPOGON #. T
700,
Leptopogon, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 275... L. supialis.
In Leptopogon the bill resembles that of Miomectes, but the Tictal
setae are much more dense and better developed. The tarsi are
short and feeble. The tail is rather long. Leptopogon is spread
over all the Neotropical Region, from Southern Mexico to the
Argentine Republic.
Rey to the Species.
A. Breast yellowish olive or yellow; no
black front.
a. Cap grey.
a'. Wing-bands ochraceous:
a". Lower mandible black.
}; * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1. Superciliaris, p. 115.
Smaller . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . 2. minor, p. 115.
b". Lower mandible white . . . . . . . . 3. paccilotis, p. 116.
b'. Wing-bands yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. godmani, p. 116.
* The following species I am not acquainted with:-L, rufipee "o ºr
Orn. Pér. ii. p. 249. Q - . rufipectus, Tacz.
44. LEPTOPOGON. 115
b. Cap brown :
}. darker brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. pileatus, p. 116.
cap lighter brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. amaurocephalus, p. 117.
c. Cap darkish Olive . . . . . . . . . . tº a e s e s a 7. tristis, p. 118.
d. Cap olive, like the back.
Larger; cheeks yellow . . . . . . . . . .
Smaller; cheeks olivaceous . . . . . .
B. Breast rufous ; no black front . . . . . . . .
C. Breast greyish white; front black . . . . . .
8, oustaleti, p. 118.
9. flavovirens, p. 119.
10. erythrops, p. 119.
11. nigrifrons, p. 119.
1+Leptopogon superciliaris.
Leptopogon Superciliaris, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 161, pl. 10.
fig. 2; BP. Consp. i. p. 186; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 71, et 1860,
p. 69; d. Cat. A. B. p. 214; Sel. et Salv. Womencl. p. 47; iid.
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 613; Salo. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197; id, Ibis, 1870,
p. 115; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536, et 1882, p. 19; id. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 246; Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 68,89.
Leptopogon poliocephalus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 55
(Bogota).
Leptopogon auritus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 134, 536, et 1882, p. 19.
Leptopogon superciliaris transandeanus, Berl. et Tacz, P. Z. S. T883,
p. 537, et 1885, p. 122.
Above olive-green : cap dark cinereous; lores, superciliaries, and
eye-region whitish ; ear-coverts black; wings blackish, broad tips of
the two rows of wing-coverts ochraceous yellow, forming two
distinct bands; edges of remiges yellowish ; tail dark ashy, with
slight indications of darker transverse rays, margined with olive:
beneath pale lemon-yellow, throat greyish, breast and flanks some-
what olivaceous; under wing-coverts pale yellow, inner margins of
remiges buffy white; bill dark plumbeous; feet brown: whole length
4.6 inches, wing 2:8, tail 25. Female similar.
Hab. Costa Rica, Veragua, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and
|Bolivia.
a. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin–Godman Coll.
b, c. 3 Q ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Volc. of Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Chiriqui (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Balzar Mints, Ecuador (Il- Salvin-Godman Coll.
lingworth).
g. 2 ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
3. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
%. Ak. sk. Bogota. Salvin–Godman Coll.
l, m. Ad. sk. Huambo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
n. Ad. sk. Kawarani, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Leptopogon minor.
Leptopogon minor, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 233; id. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 247.
I 2
116 TYRANNID.E.
Similar to L. superciliaris, but smaller in size, and head not so
dark: whole length 4 inches, wing 2:4, tail 2:1.
Hab. Peru.
a. Sº ad, sk. Tambillo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
3. "Leptopogon poecilotis.
Leptopogon poecilotis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 111 ; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 360; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 47; iid, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 512;
Tacz, et Berl, P. Z. S 1885, pp. 68, 89.
Above olive-green; cap plumbeous; lores and sides of head
whitish ; ear-coverts black, with basal half white; wings blackish,
with olive margins to the remiges, and the wing-coverts broadly
tipped with ochraceons yellow, forming two cross bands (as in
L. superciliaris); tail brown, with slight olivaceous edgings: be-
neath nearly uniform pale yellow, with slight olivaceous tinge, and
greyish on the chin: bill brown, lower mandible white; feet pale
brown: whole length 47 inches, wing 2-3, tail 22. Female
(probably) similar.
Hab. Colombia.
Distinguished from L. superciliaris by its smaller size, the absence
of white superciliaries, and the pale lower mandible.
a, b. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types
of the species.)
c. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
4. Leptopogon godmani.
Leptopogon godmani, Scl. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 48.
Above olive-green; cap dark grey; lores, superciliaries, and sides
of face mixed with whitish ; ear-coverts yellow, with a black
terminal spot ; wings blackish, with two yellow cross-bands on the
coverts and yellowish edgings to the outer secondaries, the re-
maining remiges margined with bright olive ; tail ashy brown,
with olive edgings: beneath Sulphur-yellow, with slight olivaceous
tinge on the breast and flanks; under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow ;
bill dark horn-colour, feet brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-3,
tail 2.
Hab. Ecuador.
Distinguished from L. superciliaris and L. poecilotis by its smaller
size, yellow wing-bands, and shorter broader bill.
a, b. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Types of the species.)
`-54 Leptopogon pileatus.
Leptopogon amaurocephalus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 384 (Mexico);
44. IFPTOPOGON. 117
Army
td. Cat. A. B. p. 213; Sol. et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 399 (Guatemala);
id. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358 (Panama).
Leptopogon pileatus, Cab. J. f. O. 1865, p. 414 (Guatemala); Salv.
Ibis, 1869, p. 319; id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197 (Veragua).
Above olive-green ; whole cap dark chocolate-brown, lores paler;
Wings and tail blackish brown, with ochraceous tips to the wing-
coverts (forming a double cross-band) and more or less yellowish-
olive edgings to the other feathers: beneath yellowish olive, clearer
on the belly; under wing-coverts yellowish; inner margins of
remiges ochraceous : bill dark plumbeous ; feet brown : whole
length 5 inches, wing 2:7, tail 2-5. Female similar.
Hab. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Panama.
a. Q ad, sk. Oaxaca, Mex. (Boucard). Sclater Coll.
b, c, Ad, sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin [C.].
e. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Honduras. Sclater Coll.
g. Q ad, sk. Walza, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Q ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
3. Ad, sk. San Pablo Stn., Panama (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
6. Leptopogon amaurocephalus.
Leptopogon amaurocephala, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 25.1;
ãd. in Tsch. Fawn. Per., Orn. p. 162; Bp. Consp. i. p. 186; Cab.
et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 55; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii.
p. 328; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 104; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 293 (Brit.
Guiana); Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 567, et 1873, p. 278
(E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 47; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 53.
Euscarthmus amaurocephalus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 491.
Leptopogon peruvianus, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 757, et 1873,
p. 278; iid. Nomencl. p. 47; Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. iv. p. 176;
Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 248.
Similar to L. pileatus, but rather smaller, and the cap of a
lighter brown.
Hab. Brazil, Guiana, and E. Peru.
It is difficult to keep the Guianan examples of this species
separate from L. pileatus, but the head is rather paler in colour.
The skin upon which L. peruvianus was based is small in dimen-
sions, but the tint of the brown head is exactly that of Guianan
specimens, and intermediate between that of L. pileatus and
L. amawrocephalus.
` a. Subsp. peruviana.
a. Ad sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. (Type
of L. peruvianus.)
b. Ad, sk. Nauta, Upper Amazons. E. Bartlett [C].
c, d, d ad. ; Roraima, British Guiana(Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. P ad. sk.
f g ad. sk. Roraima British Guiana(Whitely), Sclater Coll.
118 TYRANNIDAE.
g. Q ad. sk. Merumé, Mts., British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
b. Subsp. typica.
a. G ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
P d. Juv. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll.
`-7. Leptopogon tristis.
Leptopogon, sp. inc., Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 214.
Leptopogon tristis, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 254, et 1879,
pp. 589,613; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 606.
Above olive; cap rather darker; wings and tail blackish,
margined with olive, the two rows of wing-coverts and three or four
outer secondaries with clear yellowish-white apical spots: beneath
pale sulphur-yellow ; under wing-coverts yellow ; inner margins of
wing-feathers whitish ; bill horn-colour, lower mandible paler;
feet brown; whole length 4:4 inches, wing 2:1, tail 2:1.
Hab. Bolivia.
The wing-bands are clear yellowish in this species, and not
ochraceous. It is somewhat doubtful whether specimen a is really
the same as b, which must be regarded as the type. Specimen a is
probably from Venezuela, whence there is a similar skin in Graf v.
Berlepsch's collection.
a. Ad, sk. S. America (imperfect). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Type of the species.)
~ 8.* Leptopogon oustaleti.
Leptopogon oustaleti, Scl. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 47, t. ix. fig. 2.
Above olive-green; narrow rim round the eye yellow ; large
auricular spot black; wings and tail blackish brown, edged with
olive ; bend of the wing yellow ; outer secondaries with a slight
white terminal spot: beneath pale yellowish, washed with olive,
brighter on the throat and on the middle of the belly; under wing-
coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; upper mandible horn-colour; lower
whitish ; feet brown ; whole length 4.7inches, wing 2:5, tail 2.5.
Hab. Colombia.
This well-marked species is easily known by the cap being
uniform with the back, the yellow rim round the eye, and the well-
marked auricular spot. The type is in the Paris Museum.
44. LEPTOPOGON. 119
~9:f Leptopogon flavovirens.
Tyrannula flaviventris, Lawr. Ann, L. N. Y. vii. p. 328.
Leptopogon flavovirens, Lawr. op. cit. p. 472 (1862).
Above bright olive-green ; crown uniform ; rim round the eye
and spot on the ear-coverts yellow, the latter margined with
blackish ; wings blackish ; two well-marked bars across the coverts
pale yellowish ; primaries narrowly edged with olivaceous; tail
cinereous brown, margined with olivaceous: beneath pale sulphur-
yellow ; throat more whitish ; sides of breast tinged with oliva-
ceous; under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow ; bill dark brown ; base
of lower mandible pale ; feet blackish : whole length 4-2 inches,
wing 2-2, tail 2.
Hab. Panama.
A single specimen is in Mr. Lawrence's collection.
#10: Leptopogon erythrops. (Plate X.)
Leptopogon erythrops, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 111; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 360; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 47; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 512;
Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 89 (Ecuador).
Above olive; cap plumbeous; lores rufous; wings blackish, with
rufescent apical spots on the coverts and margins to the remiges:
beneath, throat and breast rufous ; belly pale sulphur-yellow ; under
wing-coverts and inner margins of remiges clear ochraceous; bill
dark horn-colour; feet brown ; whole length 5:1 inches, wing 2-6,
tail 22. Female similar.
Hab. Colombia and Ecuador.
An unmistakable species from its clear rufous breast.
a, b. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types
of the species.)
c. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
e, f. 6 Q ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
ºmon).
~11. Leptopogon nigrifrons.
Leptopogon nigrifrons, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 446; Salvin,
Ibis, 1885, p. 293.
Above bright olive-green ; cap cinoreous; broad and distinct
frontal band black, with a slight whitish edging before and behind
it ; wings and tail black, with narrow margins of bright olive, and
a row of bright whitish-yellow spots on the coverts of the secondaries
and outer secondaries themselves; the coverts of the primaries
blackish : boneath greyish white, with a slight yellowish tinge on
the flanks, crissum, and under wing-coverts; bill black; feet brown :
whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2.5, tail 2-5.
Hab. British Guiana.
120 TYRANNIDAE.
º
The black front and greyish-white under surface at once dis-
tinguish this well-marked species.
a. Q ad. sk. Roraima, British Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Type of the species.)
45. CAPSIEMIPIS. Type
Capsiempis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56 (1859) . . . . C. flaveola.
Capsiempis flaveola is widely diffused over the forest-clad part of
the Neotropical Region from Veragua to S.E. Brazil. C. orbitalis
is peculiar to Peru. The form comes near Leptopogon, but has a
broader bill and rather more bristly rictus. In colour it is very
like Phylloscartus. The tail is long and rounded.
Key to the Species.
A. Without a white eye-ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. flaveola, p. 120.
B. With a white eye-ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. orbitalis, p. 121.
1: Capsiempis flaveola.
Muscicapa flaveola, Licht. Doubl. p. 56 (1823).
Muscipeta flaveola, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 488.
Capsiempis flaveola, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56; Sel. Cat.
A. B. p. 214; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 104; Sel. et Salv. Nomenol.
p. 47; Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 88; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883,
pp. 537, 554, et 1885, p. 90.
Platyrhynchus flaviyenters, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 12, pl. xv. fig. 1
1825).
tº. modesta, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 48.
Elainea semiflava, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 177, et ix. p. 89
(Vºw); Salv, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1874,
p. 3Ug.
Above yellowish olive; lores and slight superciliary streak
yellowish ; wings and tail dark brown, edged with yellowish olive;
spots at ends of wing-coverts yellowish and forming two transverse
bands: beneath sulphur-yellow ; sides somewhat olivaceous; under
wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet dark brown ; whole length
44 inches, wing 1-9, tail 2:1. Female similar.
Hab. Veragua and southwards to S.E. Brazil.
#.
. Ad. st. S. América. J. Gould, Esq.
b. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll.
g. Ad, sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
h. Ad, sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons (Wal- Sclater Coll.
lace).
46. PHYLLOMYIAs. 121
7. Ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.
j. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Coll.
ſc. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
!. Ad. sk. |Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
m, n. Ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
0. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
~f~2. Capsiempis orbitalis.
Capsiempis orbitalis, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 68; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 536; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 250.
Above green, beneath yellow mixed with greenish ; crown dark
ashy grey, front bright whitish mixed with yellowish green ; cheeks
yellowish green mixed with dark olive-green ; a row of milk-white
feathers round the eye, and behind them a short, obsolete, whitish
stripe; tips of wing-coverts whitish yellow-green, forming two
bands; outer secondaries with similar outer margins; bill above
black, beneath pale yellowish ; feet plumbeous: whole length 4
inches, wing 2:2, tail 17. (Cabanis.)
Hab. Central Peru.
46. PHYLLOMYIAS #. Type
Phyllomyias, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 57 (1859). P. brevirostris.
This well-marked little group is remarkable for its short triangular-
shaped bill and the great feebleness of the rictal bristles. The
four species which I assign to it are all from S.E. Brazil, but others
are said to occur in Peru.
A. Cap olive like the back:
throat greyish white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. brevirostris, p. 121.
}; yellowish like breast . . . . . . . . . . 2. burmeisteri, p. 122.
B. Cap grey :
larger: ends of wing-coverts yellowish .. 3, griseocapilla, p. 122.
łºś. ends of wing-coverts whitish. . . . 4. berlepschi, p. 123.
1. Phyllomyias brewirostris.
Platyrhynchus brevirostris, Spiv, Av. Bras, ii. p. 13, pl. 15. fig. 2.
Muscipeta asilus, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 894.
Muscicapa virescens, Temm. Pl. Col. 275, fig. 3.
Tyrannula virescens, Temm. Tabl, Méth. p. 27.
Muscicapa olivacea, Lafr, et d'Orb. Syn, Av. i. p. 54.
Muscicaparaboliviana, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 328.
* I am not acquainted with the following species apparently belonging to
this genus:—
1. Phyllomyias virescens, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 105, from Brazil.
2. Phyllomyias cristata, Cab. J. f. O. 1884, p. 250.
3. Phyllomyius cinereocapilla, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 67; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1874, p. 536; id. Orn, Pér. ii. p. 251 (Peru).
122 TYRANNIDAE.
Leptopogon olivaceus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 186.
Muscicapa pusio, Licht, in Mus. Berol.
Phyllomyias brevirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 57; Sel.
Cat. A. B. p. 214; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 105; Sol. et Salv, Nomencl.
p. 48; Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 88; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr, ges. Orn.
1885, p. 131.
Above olive-green; narrow front, lores, and eyo-region whitish ;
wings and tail dark brown with olivaceous edgings; the ends of the
wing-coverts lighter and somewhat ochraceous, forming two trans-
verse bands: beneath yellow, more olivaceous on the breast ; throat
greyish white; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet
blackish : whole length 4.7 inches, wing 24, tail 2:1. Female
similar. S 3.3,
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a, b. Ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
c. 3 ad. Sk, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sul (Joyner).
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
2. Phyllomyias burmeisteri.
Elainea brevirostris, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 479.
Phyllomyias burmeisteri, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 57; Scl.
Cat. A. B. p. 214; Sel. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 48.
Phyllomyias subviridis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 105.
Above similar to P. brevirostris; beneath of a nearly uniform
yellowish ; lower mandible lighter brown.
Hab. S.E. Brazil. *
I have compared specimen b with the type of P. burmeisteri in the
Berlin Museum, and believe them to be the same. The species is
very close to the preceding, and requires further investigation.
a. 6 ad. sk. Rio, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. (Authentic
specimen of P. subviridis.)
b. Ad, sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
3. Phyllomyias griseocapilla.
Tyrannula griseocapilla, Lafr. MS.
Phyllomyias griseocapilla, Sel. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 382, pl.xxxvi. fig. 2
id. Cat. A. B. p. 214; Sel, et Salv, Nomencl. p. 48; Cab. J. f. O
1874, p. 88.
o
2
Above olive-green, whole cap dark grey, lores whitish ; wings
blackish, edged with yellowish olive, which forms two transverse
bars on the coverts; tail brown margined with olive : beneath pale
grey, almost white on the middle of the belly and crissum ; sides of
breast and flanks yellowish olive ; under wing-coverts and axil-
laries pale Sulphur-yellow ; upper mandible and feet blackish,
47. MYIOPATIs. 123
lower mandible pale brown: whole length 47 inches, wing 2.3,
tail 2-1.
Flab. S.E. Brazil. .*
a, b. Ad, sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.
-4. Phyllomyias berlepschi,
Phyllomyias berlepschi, Sol. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 49.
Above dark cinereous, back tinged with olivaceous, lores whitish ;
Wings and tail dark cinereous, tips of wing-coverts and narrow outer
margins of secondaries whitish : beneath greyish white, with a slight
Wash of greenish, except on the throat and middle of the belly;
under Wing-coverts white with a faint yellowish tinge; bill dark
brown ; feet black: whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2:2, tail 1:8.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
Much smaller than P. griseocapilla, and paler above and below ;
also without the yellowish wing-edgings.
a. Ad, sk. Bahia. Sclater Coll. (Type of the species.)
~47. MYIOPATIS #. T
ype.
Myiopatis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 58 . . . . . . M. semifusca.
These birds, which I have previously annexed to Phyllomyias,
certainly differ in the longer and more compressed bill, and had
better, perhaps, be kept apart. Their range is over the forest-clad
districts of South America down to S.E. Brazil.
Key to the Species.
A. Browner above; wing-margins whitish . . . . 1. semifusca, p. 123.
B. Greyer above; wing-margins rufous . . . . . . 2. tumbezana, p. 124.
1. Myiopatis semifusca.
Phyllomyias semifusca, Sel. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 383, pl. xxxvi. fig, 1 ;
ºd. Cat. A. B. p. 214; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 86; Sel. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 577, et 1868, p. 168; iid. Nomencl. p. 48; Layard,
Ibis, 1873, p. 382 (Para); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 201 (S.
Marta); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 342 (Pernambuco); Salv. Ibis, 1885,
p. 293 (Br. Guiana).
Platyrhynchus murinus, Spic, Av. Bras. ii. p. 14, t. xvi. fig. 2 (?).
Myiopatis incanescens, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 58 (nec Maa.,
of Berl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 554).
* Myiopažis waga, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 19 ; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 253, from
Peru, is not known to me.
124 TYRANNIDAE.
Above brownish cinereous; lores and ocular region whitish :
wings and tail dark cinereous, edged with brownish ; broad ends of
wing-coverts (forming two bars) and outer margins of external
secondaries whitish, often tinged with fulvous: beneath dirty white ;
abdomen and under wing-coverts more or less tinged with pale
yellowish : throat white; bill dark brown, base of lower mandible
pale; feet blackish: whole length 4-5 inches, wing 23, tail 19.
Female similar.
Hab. Colombia,
Eastern Brazil.
Venezuela, Guiana, Lower Amazonia, and
a. Ad, sk. Santa Marta, U.S. Colombia. Sclater Coll.
(Type of the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Atauques, S. N. of Santa Salvin-Godman Coll.
Marta (Simons).
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
d. 92 ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin–Godman Coll.
e. 6 ad. ; f, g. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
9 a.d. sk. (Whitely).
h. & jr. sk. Oyapok, Cayenne (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Surinam (C. Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
j. 9 ad. sk. Mexiana, Amazons (Wallace). Salvin–Godman Coll.
k. Ad. sk. Para (Layard). Sclater Coll.
l, 9 ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.
m, n. 6 ad. ; o. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll.
9 a.d. sk.
p, q. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
s. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sudbury Museum.
t. Ad. sk. Ypanema, San Paulo (Nat- Sclater Coll.
terer).
w. Ad. sk. º T. Bridges [C.].
2. Myiopatis tumbezana,
Phyllomyias tumbezama, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 325, 1879, p. 234, et
1880, p. 202; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 122. *
Myiopatis tumbezana, Berl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 554; Tacz. Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 252.
Above dark grey, more brownish on the rump; lores and slight
superciliaries whitish ; wings blackish with pale rufous edgings;
tail blackish with slight paler edgings: below pale cinereous,
whiter on the throat and middle of the belly; under wing-coverts
very pale lemon-yellow ; bill and feet dark brown; whole length
5-9 inches, wing 2:6, tail 2-6. Female similar.
Elab. Peru and Western Ecuador.
a. 3 ad. sk. Tumbez, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. ) Authentic
b. 6 a.d. sk. Pacasmayo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. speci-
C. ; ad. ; d. Guajango, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. In 1611S.
r. sk.
e. Q ad. sk. San Pedro, Peru (Orton). Salvin–Godman Coll.
48. OPNITHION. 125
48. ORNITHION.
Type.
Ornithion, Hartl. J. f. O. 1853, p. 35. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O. inerme.
Camptostoma, Sel. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 203 . . . . . . . . . . . . O. imberbe.
To the curious little bird originally designated Ornithion by
Hartlaub in 1853, and remarkable for its constricted and projecting
bill and almost bristleless gape, may be added three other species
which range from Southern Mexico to S.E. Brazil. The form is
nearly allied to Tyrannulus; and Ishould be rather inclined to unite
these two groups were it not for the great inconvenience of frequent
changes of nomenclature.
Key to the Species.
A. Belly yellow ; wing-bands distinct, white or
yellowish.
Bill longer; cap plumbeous; white front
distinct . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. inerme, p. 125.
Bill shorter; cap olive-brown; front rather
lighter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. pusillum, p. 126.
B. Belly cinereous white or with slight yellowish
tinge; wing-bands ochraceous, not so distinct;
cap cinereous.
Smaller; back more cinereous . . . . . . . . . . 3. imberbe, p. 126.
{i. back more olivaceous . . . . . . . . . . 4. obsoletum, p. 127.
1*Ornithion inerme.
Ornithion inerme, Hartl. J. f. O. 1853, p. 35; Cab. et Hein. Mus.
Hein. ii. p. 57; Sel. P. Z. S. 1873, pp. 576, 577; Sel. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 48; Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 293 (Brit. Guiana).
Above olive-green, cap plumbeous, a distinct narrow white frontal
band between the eyes; wings black, with large and distinct white
tips to the coverts, forming two bands, and with narrow olive edgings
to the secondaries; tail brownish edged with olive : beneath yel-
lowish, whiter on the throat and rather more olivaceous on the
sides; under wing-coverts lemon-yellow ; bill black; feet dark
brown; whole length 3-7 inches, wing 1-0, tail l'5. Female
similar.
Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Eastern Ecuador.
a. Ad, sk. S. America (Bremen Mus.). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. ? ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
c. 3 a.d. sk. Carimang r., British Guiana Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
d. Ad, sk. Oyapok, Cayenne (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
e, f. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
126 TYRANNIDAE,
2: Ornithion pusillum.
Myiopatis pusilla, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 58 (1859).
Camptostoma flaviventre, Sol, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 358 (Panama),
1867, p. 577 (Lower Amazons).
Camptostoma imberbe, Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 86 (Trinidad).
Ornithion pusillum, Sel. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 577; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 48; Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 294 (Brit. Guiana); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 255.
Above olive-green, cap rather darker, brownish ; lores and eye-
region slightly whitish ; wings blackish, with large and distinct
white tips to the coverts, forming two bands; secondaries edged
externally with olive; tail dark brown edged with olive : beneath
yellowish, more or less olivaceous; throat paler; under wing-coverts
pale yellow; bill dark hazel; feet brown; whole length 3-8 inches,
wing 2, tail 1:8. Female similar.
Hab. Veragua, Panama, and southwards to S.E. Brazil.
The bill is nearly similar in structure to that of O. inerme, but
not quite so long, and rather more compressed towards the tip.
The absence of the white frontal band likewise distinguishes this
Species.
a. Sº ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arce). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. & ad. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. Sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
g. Ad. Sk. Bogota. Salvin–Godman Coll.
h. Ad. Sk. Bogota, Sclater Coll.
7. Ad. Sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Ad, sk. Trinidad (E. C. Taylor). Sclater Coll.
k. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Salvin-Godman Coll.
l, m. Ad, sk. Trinidad. Purchased.
n, 0. 6 ad. Sk, Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
p. Ad, sk. Surinam (C. Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
q. Ad, sk. Oyapock, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
r, S. Ad, sk. Mexiana, L. Amazons (Wal- Sclater Coll.
lace).
t. Jr. sk. Para (Layard). Sclater Coll.
w. Ad, sk. Dahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
v, w. Ad. St. South America. Purchased.
3.−0rnithion imberbe.
Myiopatis incanescens, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 106 (?).
Ornithion incanescens, Sel. P. Z. S. 1873,
p. 577 (nee Maa., cf.
Lawrence, Ibis, 1876, p. 497); Layard, Ibis, 1878, p. 382 (Para);
Brewer, Ibis, 1878, p. 488 (Texas).
Camptostoma imberbe, Sel. P. Z. S. 1857
p. 444, pl. 14, fig. 1; d. Cat. A. B. p. 215
7
#. 203; id. Ibis, 1859,
€
x Mexico).
Ornithion imberbe, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 234, 1880, p. 202, et 1882,
p. 19 (Peru); Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. iii. pp. 187,218; d. Man.
48. or NITHION. 127
N. A. B. p. 346 (Texas); Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 443;
Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 301 (Colombia).
Eupsilostoma pusillum, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, PP. 68, 283; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 215 (W. Ecuador); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536, et 1877, p. 325
Peru).
Co.; pusillum, Sol. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 278 (E. Peru); Tacz,
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 234; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 294.
Ornithion sclateri, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 554, et 1884,
p. 296 (W. Ecuador), et 1885, p. 90; Tacz. Orn, Pér. ii. p. 254,
Ornithion imberbe ridgwayi, Brewster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. vii,
p. 208 (Arizona); Ridgw. Man. W. A. B. p. 346.
Above cinereous, more or less olivaceous on the lower back
wings and tail blackish brown, with more or less distinct light
rufous tips to the coverts and edges to the outer secondaries: beneath
pale cinereous, with a very slight olivaceous tinge on the belly in
some specimens; under wing-coverts white, with a slight tinge of
lemon-yellow ; bill brown, lower mandible light hazel at the base;
feet blackish : whole length 4 inches, wing 2, tail 1-6. Female
similar.
Hab. Texas, Mexico, and Central America, and southwards to
Peru and S.E. Brazil.
It has been shown by Mr. Lawrence (l. s. c.) that Muscipeta in-
canescens of Prince Max. of Neuwied does not refer to this species as
was formerly supposed. The next name applicable seems to be
my “imberbe.” The nearly uniform pale cinereous colour and light
rufous wing-bands distinguish this species, which, however, varies
much in different localities.
sa. Ad, sk. S. Andres Tuxtla, Mexico Sclater Coll. (Type
(Sallé). of the species.)
b. 6 a.d. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. 9 ad, sk. ; d-g, Cozumel I., Yucatam. Salvin-Godman Coll,
Ad, sk.
h. Q ad. sk. Escuintla, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i. Q ad. sk. ; j. Ad. Realejo, Nicaragua (Salvin). Salwin-Godman Coll.
sk.
ſc. Ak. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
l. Ad, sk. Santa Rita, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll.
gomez).
m. Ad, sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Guajango, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
o, p. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (TWucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. ‘P ad, sk. Lagoa Santa, Brazil (Lund). Sclater Coll.
7, 8. Ak. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
t. Ad. sk. |Brazil. Purchased.
w. Ad. St. IIonduras. D. Dyson [C.].
43 Ornithion obsoletum.
Muscicapa obsoleta, Temm, P. Col. p. 275, fig. 1; d'Orb, et Lafr. Syn.
Av. i. p. 53.
Muscicapara obsoleta, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 328,
128 TYRANNIDAE.
Elainea obsoleta, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 480.
Myiopatis obsoleta, Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 58; Pelz. Orn.
Bras. p. 106.
Ornithion obsoletum, Scl. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 578; Sel. et Salv, Nomencl.
p. 48
Above cinereous, whole back with a decided olivaceous tint ;
wings and tail dark ashy brown; wing-coverts broadly margined
with paler rufous brown, and external secondaries edged with the
same colour : beneath very pale cinereous, whitish on the throat,
and with an olivaceous tinge on the belly; under wing-coverts and
flanks pale yellowish white; bill brown, lower mandible carneous
at the base; feet plumbeous : whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2-2,
tail 19.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
This bird is rather larger than any specimen of the preceding
species, and differs in its more olivaceous back, and lighter colour
below. I have compared it with Myiopatis obsoleta of the Berlin
Museum, and Muscicapara obsoleta of d’Orbigny.
a. Ad. sk. Ypanema, S.E. Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
49. TYRANNULUS, Type
Tyrannulus, Vieill. Analyse, p. 31 (1816). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. *
A little group of three species, of which the two last are not very
distinct, ranging from Guatemala to Amazonia. It would be better
perhaps to restrict the name to the typical species, which is very
well distinguished by its elevated crest, short compressed bill, feebly.
bristled rictus, short wings and tail. But although T. semiflavus
and T. brunneicapillws have no crest, they come very near in other
respects.
Key to the Species.
A. Head with a yellow crest; throat white. 1, elatus, p. 128.
B. Head not crested; whole body below
yellow :
| cap well-defined, plumbeous . . . . . . 2. semiflavus, p. 129.
cap not so distinct, brownish . . . . . . 3. brunneicapillus, p. 129.
1: Tyrannulus elatus.
Le Roitelet Mésange, Buff. N. H. v. p. 375.
Mesange huppée de Cayenne, Daub. P. Eml. 708, fig. 2.
Gold-naped Wren, Lath. G. H. vii. p. 255.
Sylvia elata, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 549.
Tyrannulus elatus, Vieill, Enc. Méth. p. 510; id. Gal. Ois, i. p. 93
pl. 71 (3); Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. Aš. Bp. Consp. i. p. 185; caä.
et Hºn. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 58; Sol. P. Z. S. 1855, p. iBo, et'1856
p. 141; d. Cat. A. B. p. 215; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 106; inº.
49. TYRANNULUs. 129
Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 89; Sol. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 188, 1867,
pp. 147, 751, 978, 1873, p. 279, et 1879, p. 512; i.d. Womencl.
p. 48; Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 294 (Brit. Guiana); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882,
p. 19; id. Orn, Pér. ii. p. 256; Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 300.
Pipra elata, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 7, pl. 8 a. f. 2 (?).
Above olive; cap blackish, with an elongated mesial bright lemon-
yellow crest; sides of head cinereous; wings blackish, distinct tips
of coverts (forming two transverse bars) and outer margins of
external secondaries white; tail ashy brown, slightly tipped with
whitish : beneath yellowish olive, middle of belly and under wing-
coverts yellowish; throat white; bill blackish; feet dark plum-
beous: whole length 2-6 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1:4. Female
similar.
Hab. Amazonia, Guiana, and Colombia, north to Panama.
a, b. Ad. St. Brazil. Purchased.
c. Ad. sk. Amazonia. Sclater Coll.
d, e. d ? ad, sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Sk
f. Ad. Sk. Oyapok, Cayenne (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
g, h, G Q Ad, sk. Oyapok, Cayenne (Jelski). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i,j. Ad, sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
k, l, Ad. Sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Bucaramanga, U.S. C. (Min- Sclater Coll.
los).
o, Q ad. Sk, Remedios, Antioquia (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
mom). *
p. Ad, sk. Paraiso, Panama (Hughes). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2N-Tyrannulus semiflavus.
Tyrannulus semiflavus, Sel. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 300; iid Ibis,
1860, p. 400; iid. Nomencl. p. 48; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 215; Lawr.
Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 182; Salv. Ibis, 1872, pp. 313, 314.
Above clear olive-green ; cap plumbeous; lores and Superciliary
stripe white; wings and tail blackish, with edges like the back:
beneath bright yellow ; bill and feet blackish: whole length 3 inches,
wing 1.8, tail 1:1.
Hab. Guatemala.
a. Ad, sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
b, c. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Types of the species.)
d, er Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). O. Salvin, Esq.[P].
3.4Tyrannulus brunneicapillus.
Tyrannulus brunneicapillus, Lawr. Ibis, 1862, p. 12; d. Ann. L. N.
Y. vii. p. 473, ix. p. 111; Scl. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359
ãº, ãd. Nomencl. p. 48; Frantz, J. f. O. 1869, p. 307;
Salv, Ibis, 1872, p. 314.
WOL. XIV. EK
130 TYRANNIDAE.
Similar to T. semiflavus, but cap not so distinct, and brownish in
tint, and not carried so far back: body beneath not so bright.
Hab. Panama.
A somewhat doubtful species; a southern form of T. semiflavus.
a. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
b. 3 ad, sk. ; c. Lion Hill St., Panama (Mo- Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ad. sk. Leannan).
d. Ad, sk. Panama. Purchased.
50. TYRANNISCUS $.
Tyranniscus, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 57 Type.
(1859) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. nigricapillus.
Tyranniscus is a name conferred by Cabanis and Heine on a
group of small Tyrants allied to Tyrannulus,but with a rather broader
bill; longer Wings and longer tail. They are diffused over the
Neotropical Region from Guatemala to S. Brazil, but mostly pre-
valent in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. They are, in fact, little
more than diminutive forms of Elainia, or at any rate form a
transition toward that genus.
Key to the Species.
A. Bill uniform, blackish.
a. Cap different from back.
a'. Wing-coverts broadly tipped with
white or yellowish white; belly
yellow. º
{{..., blackish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. nigricapillus, p. 131,
Cap plumbeous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. cinereiceps, p. 131.

b'. Wing-coverts narrowly edged with
yellow ; belly yellowish.
a". Breast pale cinereous.
}; crown cinereous. . . . . 3. vilissimus, p. 132.
Smaller; crown not so different. 4, parvus, p. 132.
b". Breast cinereous, washed with
c". Bºº. yeilowish. * * * * * * * * * * * 5. improbus, p. 133.
º: ; ſº tº
c'. Wing-coverts edged with pale oliva- º e -- **w-º's
b. Cap º is the back. ''''''''' 8, griseiceps, p. 134.
Hº:::::::::::::::: 1. º.º.
B. Bill with lower mandible white . . . . . . . . 11. leucogonys, p. 136.
* I do not recognize the following species:–Elainia viridiflava T
Ayes, p. 160, t. ix, fig. 2 (= Leptopogon viridiflavus, Bp. gº p. i; *::::::
#. viridiflavus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536; id. Órn. Pé. ii. p. 261), from
ۼll. y
50. TYRANNISCUs. 13].
1: Tyranniscus migricapillus.
Tyrannulus nigricapillus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1845, p. 341; Sel. P. Z. S.
1855, p. 150, et 1860, p. 93.
Tyranniscus migricapillus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 57; Scl.
Cat. A. B. p. 216; Sel. & Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 842, is}; p. 234,
et 1879, p. 512; iid. Nomencl. p. 48; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536,
et 1880, p. 203; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 257.
Above olive-green ; cap dull olack, with a slight whitish super-
ciliary stripe; wings black; coverts broadly tipped with white or
yellowish white, forming two bands; narrow external edgings to
most of remiges yellow ; tail blackish brown, with slight olivaceous
edgings: beneath yellow, rather olivaceous on throat and sides of
breast ; under wing-coverts pale yellow : bill and feet black: whole
length 4:4 inches, wing 2:4, tail 1:8. Female similar.
Plab. Venezuela, Ecuador, and Colombia.
a. 6 ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. 6 ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. Sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Jardine Coll.
f. c ad, sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
ºmon).
g. Ad. Sk, San Lucas, Ecuador (Villa- Salvin-Godman Coll.
gomez).
h. Ad, sk. Puellaro, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
2. Ad. St. S. America. Purchased.
2.*Tyranniscus cinereiceps. (Plate XI. fig. 1.)
Tyrannulus cinereiceps, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 69,283 (Ecuador).
Tyranniscus cinereiceps, Sel. Cat. Am, B. p. 216; Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 842, pl. liii. fig. 2; iid. Nomencl. p. 48; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1874, p. 536; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 258; Berl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883
p. 555, et 1885, p. 90 (Ecuador).
y
Above olive-green, cap plumbeous, lores and sides of head whitish;
ear-coverts black with the basal portion yellowish ; wings black,
coverts broadly tipped with white, remiges mostly narrowly edged
with yellow; tail brown : beneath yellow, rather whitish on the
chin, and more olivaceous on the breast; under wing-coverts pale
yellow ; bill dark corneous ; feet blackish: whole length 4 inches,
wing 2:4, tail 17.
Hab. Ecuador and Colombia.
Near to T. nigricapillus, but distinguished by its plumbeous head
and black ear-covertS.
a. Qad, sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
(Type of the species.)
b, c, Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
K 2
132 TYRANNIDAE.
+ 3. Tyranniscus vilissimus.
Elainea vilissima, Sol. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122, pl. 4, fig. 1; Salv.
Ibis, 1860, p. 194.
Tyranniscus vilissimus, Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 216; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 843: id. Nomencl. p. 48; Salv, Ibis, 1869, pp. 315,318;
/Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307; Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. ix.
Up. 111.
Above olive, cap dark cinereous, broad front and superciliaries
whitish ; wings blackish, with well-defined but narrow external
edgings of yellowish green; tail blackish edged with olive: beneath,
throat and breast pale ashy white, slightly flammulated; middle of
belly almost white; flanks and crissum pale yellowish with slight
greenish flammulations; under wing-coverts pale yellowish white ;
bill dark brown; feet black: whole length 4-3 inches, wing 2-4,
tail 2. Female similar.
Hab. Guatemala.
a, b. Ad, sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
c, d. Ad, sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Type of the species.)
e, f. 6 @ ad, sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Guatemala (Salvin).
g, h. 3 9 a.d. sk. Calderas (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
7. Ad, sk. Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Coban, Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
k, l. Ad, sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq.
4+Tyranniscus parvus.
Tyranniscus parvus, Lawr. Ibis, 1862, p. 12; Ann. Lyc, N. Y. vii.
p. 473, ix. p. 1.12; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359, 1867, p. 981,
1870, p. 843; iid. Nomencl. p. 48; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147; id.
Ibis, 1869, p. 315; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307; Boucard, P. Z. S.
1878, p. 63; Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 414.
Similar to T. vilissimus, but Smaller, cap not so well defined, and
rather paler below : whole length 2:7 inches, wing 1-9, tail 17.
Female similar.
Hab. Costa Rica and Weragua.
a. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Boucard). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll,
d. Ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll,
e. Ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arcé). O. Salvin [P.].
f. 3 ad, sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll,
g. Q ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll,
h. 9 ad, sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll,
7. Ad, sk. S. slope of Volc. of Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll,
j. Ad. Sk, Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
ſº, l. Ad, sk. Veragua (Arcé). O. Salvin, Esq. º
on. Ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
50. TYRANNISCUs. 133
5.*Tyranniscus improbus,
Tyranniscus improbus, Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 843; iid.
Nomencl. p. 48; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333; Berl. J. f. O. 1884,
p. 318.
Above olive; head darker, almost blackish ; front, short super-
ciliaries, and eye-region whitish ; wings blackish ; coverts and
secondaries narrowly but distinctly margined with yellow ; tail
brown with Olive margins like the back: beneath greyish white,
almost white on the throat; breast and belly with a yellowish tinge ;
middle of belly and under wing-coverts pale yellow; bend of wing
yellow ; bill and feet black: whole length 4:5 inches, wing 2-2,
tail 1-9.
Hab. Venezuela and Colombia.
Near to T. vilissimus, but the white front is more distinct, and
the breast has a shiny yellowish tinge.
a. 9 ad, sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Near Ocaña, U.S. Colombia (Wyatt). Sclater Coll.
6. Tyranniscus gracilipes. (Plate XI. fig. 2.)
Tyranniscus, sp. 1317, Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 216.
Tyranniscus gracilipes, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 981, 1870, p. 843,
1873, p. 279, et 1879, p. 614; iid. Nomencl. p. 48; Layard, Ibis,
1873, p. 382; Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 294.
Myiopatis pusilla, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 106 (?).
Above olive ; cap cinereous; front and lores rather whitish ;
wings black with narrow but distinct external edgings of yellow;
tail blackish, slightly margined with olive : beneath nearly uniform
yellowish, rather paler on the throat and brighter on the belly;
under wing-coverts pale yellowish white; bend of wing yellow; bill
and feet blackish : whole length 3-6 inches, wing 1:7, tail 14.
Female similar.
Hab. Bolivia, Amazonia, Venezuela, and Guiana.
a. Ad, sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. ? ad. ; Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Sclater Coll. (Type
c. Ad, sk. of the species.)
d. 9 a.d. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Salvin–Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.
f, g. 6 a.d.; Roraima, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
h—j. Q ad. sk. (Whitely).
k, Ad, sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
l. Ad, sk. Rio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
m. Q ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.
~7. Tyranniscus acer.
Tyranniscus acer, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 206; Salv. Ibis, 1885,
p. 294
Above olive; head cinereous, front whitish ; wings blackish ;
134 TYRANNIDAE.
coverts and secondaries distinctly edged with clear yellowish ; tail
blackish slightly margined with olive: beneath pale yellowish; throat
ashy white; under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill and feet
blackish: whole length 3-7 inches, wing 2, tail 17. Female similar,
but (apparently) with a shorter tail.
Hab. Guiana.
This plainly coloured species may be distinguished from T. graci-
lipes by its smaller size, whiter throat, and paler belly.
a, b. 3 Q ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(TWhitely).
c. 9 ad, sk. Bartica Grove (Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
d, e. g. ad. ; Camacusa, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
f,g. Q ad. sk. (Whitely).
h. Sº ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
8:* Tyranniscus griseiceps.
Tyranniscus griseiceps, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p.843; d. Nomencl.
p. 48; Salv. Ibis, 1888, p. 294 (Brit. Guiana).
Phyllomyias griseiceps, Berl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 554.
Phyllomyias cristatus, v. Berl. Journ. f. O. 1884, p. 300 (Bogota).
Above olive; cap dark cinereous; front and eye-region whitish :
wings blackish, wing-coverts slightly margined with pale brown ;
external margins of secondaries olive; tail blackish brown with
olive margins: beneath yellow; throat greyish ; under wing-coverts
pale sulphur-yellow ; bill and feet dark brown; whole length 4
inches, wing 1-9, tail 1:8. Female similar. I
Hab. Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and British Guiana.
The absence of the yellow edgings on the wing-coverts distin-
guishes this species from the four preceding ones.
a. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
c. Ad. sk. Bucaramanga, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.
d. 3 ad, sk. * Valencia, Venezuela (Goe- Sclater Coll.
7'ºng).
e. Q ad, sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
f. Q ad. sk. Roraima, British Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
~9. Tyranniscus bolivianus.
Muscicapa olivacea, d'Orb, et Lafº. Syn, Av. i. p. 54 (1837).
Muscicaparaboliviana, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 328.
Tyranniscus gracilipes, Scl. et Salv, P. Z.S. 1873, p. 185 (err.).
Tyranniscus viridissimus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 782; Sel. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 614 (Bolivia); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 260.
Above, including cap, uniform olive; wings blackish, with distinct
narrow yellowish edgings to the greater coverts and secondaries,
smaller coverts like the back; tail dark brown edged with olive :
50. TYRANNISCUs. 135
beneath pale greyish white, with a yellowish tinge, middle of belly
and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill and feet blackish:
whole length 4-6 inches, wing 2, tail 2.
Hab. Southern Peru and Bolivia.
I have examined d’Orbigny's types at Paris and have convinced
myself that his species is the same as my T. viridissimus.
a. Ad, sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Type
of T. viridissimus.)
b. ? ad, sk. Guadeloupe, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
c, d, Ad, sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Tilotilo (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
10*Tyranniscus chrysops.
Tyrannulus chrysops, Sel. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 458, 1859, p. 144, et 1860,
p.93 (Ecuador).
Tyranniscus chrysops, Sel. Cat. Am. B. p. 216; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 842, 1875, p. 234, et 1879, p. 518; iid Nomencl. p. 48;
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 124 (Santa
Marta); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 19; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 259; Berl.
et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 555, 1884, p. 296, et 1885, p. 90; Berl.
J. f. O. 1884, p. 301.
Tyranniscus flavifrons, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 58 (1859).
Tyrannulus flavidifrons, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 69.
Tyranniscus flavidifrons, Sel. Cat. Am. B. p. 216.
Above olive; front yellow ; eye-region yellowish; wings blackish,
with distinct yellow external edgings to the coverts and secondaries;
tail dark brown slightly margined with olive: beneath pale ashy
white, with a slight yellowish tinge on the throat and lower belly;
under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bend of the wing yellow ;
bill dark brown; feet blackish : whole length 4.5, wing 2-3, tail1.9.
Female similar, but (apparently) smaller and tail shorter.
Hab. Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.
A rather variable and widely extended species, but apparently
always recognizable by its yellow front.
a. Ad. sk. Chiromoto, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
b. ? ad. sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
c. Jr. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types

of T. chrysops.)
d, e. d ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types
of T. flavid frons.)
f. 6 ad, sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].
g-j. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
l. Ad, sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). Salvin–Godman Coll.
n. Ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
o, Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin–Godman Coll.
p. Ad sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
q. Q ad. sk. Minca, S. N. of Santa Marta Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Simons).
r. Ad, sk. S. N. of Santa Marta (Simons). Sclater Coll.
S. 6 a.d. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
136 TYRANNIDAE.
11: Tyranniscus leucogonys,
Tyranniscus leucogonys, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 843; wid.
Nomencl. p. 48.
Above olive; cap dark cinereous, narrow front and eye-region
whitish; wings blackish; coverts and secondaries narrowly margined
externally with yellow; tail brown with olive margins; beneath
yellow; throat and breast more greyish; under wing-coverts pale
yellow; upper mandible brown, lower pale flesh-colour; feet dark
brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2:4, tail 17.
Hab. Colombia.
I am a little doubtful about the correct position of this species,
which is at once recognizable by its pale lower mandible.
a, b, Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type of the species.)
51. ELAINEA*.
Type.
Elaenea, Sund. K. Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1835, p. 89 (1836) . . . . E. pagana.
This is one of the most numerous genera of the Tyrannidae, and
perhaps the most difficult to deal with satisfactorily. The present
arrangement is nearly the same as that adopted in previous papers
on this group, and I am still unable to suggest a better one, though
I find that some of the species hitherto referred to Sect. A are
merely females or young of species of Sect. B.
Elaimede may usually be recognized by their dull olive colour,
slightly crested head, and compressed bill, with but few traces of
rictal bristles. They are spread all over the Neotropical Region.
-:
Rey to the Species. , , , º, . V
A. With a more or less concealed vertical spot. ovº ºf
a. Vertical spot white. r -, "...” º
a'. Throat greyish white; belly yellowish, tº
1. pagana, p. 137.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2. ridleyana, p. 139.
3
| Smaller: breast lighter
. gigas, p. 140.
Larger: breast darker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
b'. Under surface greyish white.
a". Middle of belly uniform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. martinica, p. 141.
b". Middle of belly clear white.
a". Larger : sides olivaceous:
§: surface olivaceous. . . . . . . . . . . . 5. albiceps, p. 141.
upper surface grey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Strepera, p. 143.
* See articles, P. Z. S. 1861, p.406, and 1870, p. 834, on this genus, of which
the following species are unknown to me:—
1. E. spectabilis, Pelz. Orm. Bras. p. 176 (Brazil).
2. E. cinerea, Pelz. Orn, Bras. p. 180 (Brazil).
3. # .# º Heim. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 59 (Venezuela).
" . . 4. E. gracilis, Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 271 (Peru).
& (24×eeſ.” > 5. E. semifiava, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 177, ix. p. 89 (Veragua).
{{ 2 / 4–6. E. cinerascens, Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. vii. p. 180 (New Providence I.).
/
51. ELAINEA. 137 &-
b'". Middle size: sides cinereous . . . . . . 7. hypospodia, p. 144.
c". Smaller.
Sides cinereous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, taczanowski, p. 144.
| Sides yellowish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. leucospodia, p. 144.
c'. Whole under surface yellowish.
c". Larger: wing 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, frantzii, p. 145.
d". Middle-sized: wing 29:
brighter below . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. olivina, p. 146.
| duller below . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, pallatangae, p. 146.
e". Smaller: wing 27 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, fallav, p. 147.
b. Vertical spot straw-colour or yellow.
d'. Without wing-bars.
f". Back olive. - -
|iº wing 27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, placens, p. 148.
Larger: wing 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15. Subplacens, p. 149.
g". Back brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. cotta, p. 149.
e'. With white tips to wing-coverts.
h". Belly yellow:
breast grey; crest paler . . . . . . . . . . 17. gainardi, p. 150.
}: brownish; crest brighter . . . . 18, flavivertea, p. 151.
t". Belly yellowish white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, caniceps, p. 151.
c. Vertical spot rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20. ruficeps, p. 152.
B. Without a vertical spot.
d. Tail unbanded.
f". Cap uniform with back.
Larger : belly yellowish . . . . . . . . . . . . 21. obscura, p. 152.
| Smaller: belly white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, mesoleuca, p. 153.--
g'. Cap darker than back. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23. arenarum, p. 153.
e. With a light basal and terminal tail-band. . 24, affinis, p. 154.
1. Elaimea pagana.
Muscicapa pagana, Licht. Doubl. p. 54 (1823).
Platyrhynchus paganus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 13, pl. 16. f. 1.
Muscicapa brevirostris, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 799 (1831).
Elainea pagana, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 701; Burm. Syst. Ueb.
ii. p. 476; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46, 1861, p. 406, 1866, p. 99
(Lima), et 1870, p. 834; d. Cat. A. B. p. 216; Cap. et Hein. Mus,
IHein. ii. p. 59; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 86 (Trinidad); Scl. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1866, p. 188 (Ucayali), 1867, p. 978 (Amazons), 1868,
p. 628 (Venezuela), 1869, p. 598 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 279 (E.
Peru), 1876, p. 16 (S. Peru), et 1879, p. 513 (Antioquia); iid.
Nomencl. p. 48; Euler, J. f. O. 1867, p. 228; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras.
p. 106; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 382 (Para); Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 88;
Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63, et 1883, p. 447; Salv. et Godm. Ibis,
1880, p. 124; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 342; Ridgw. P. U. S. W. M.
v. p. 500 (Costa Rica); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 20; id. Orm. Pér.
ii. p. 262; Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 301; Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 294 (Br.
Guiana).
Elainea * Sel, et Salv, Ibis, 1860, p. 36; iid. P. Z. S. 1864,
p. 359, et 1870, p. 837; Sel. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 406, et 1862, p. 369;
Žd. Cat. A. B. p. 216; Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 244; Salv, P. Z. S.
1867, p. 147, et 1870, p. 197; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307; Lawr.
Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 328, viii. p. 176, et ix. p. 112.
Elainea semipagana, Sel. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 406 (Ecuador); Berl.
et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 555, et 1885, p. 90,
138 TYRANNIDAE.
Elainea chiriquensis, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 176 (Veragua);
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 147 (?).
Above greyish olivaceous; head rather darker, subcrested;
vertical spot white; wings and tail brownish black; wing-coverts
with white terminal spots, forming two cross bands; Outer secon-
daries edged externally with white; the rest of the wing-feathers
and tail-feathers slightly margined with olivaceous: beneath, throat
and breast greyish white; middle of belly yellow ; flanks more or
less cinereous; under wing-coverts yellowish white; bill brown,
base of lower mandible pale; feet blackish: whole length 6 inches,
wing 3-3, tail 3. Female. Like the male, but with the white spot
on the head Smaller or absent.
Hab. Southern Mexico, and southwards down to Brazil.
When a large series of this bird is examined, so much variation
is evident that it is no longer possible to maintain E. sub-
pagana of Central America and E. semipagana of Western Ecuador
as distinct species. As a rule, however, the northern birds are
darker in colour above, and more strongly coloured with yellow
below. The throat also is usually of a lighter grey.
a. Ad, sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Near the City of Mexico. Salvin–Godman Coll.
c—e. Ad. sk. Mugeres I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f, g, Ad. sk. Meco I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h–0. Ad. sk. Cozumell., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. Ad. sk. Holbox I., Yucatan. Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. 9 a.d. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin). J Sclater Coll.
r. Ad. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
gº (Types of E. subpagana.)
8. Ad. sk. Guatemala (Salvin). šij Coll.
t. 3 ad, sk. Half-Moon Key, British Hon- Salvin-Godman Coll.
duras (Salvin).
w. Ad. sk. San Pedro, British Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
v. Ad. sk. San Pedro, British Honduras Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
w. Ad. sk. British ) Honduras (Blanca- Salvin-Godman Coll.
7260/2002 ).
a. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
9. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.
z, 9 a.d. sk. Southern slope of V. de Chiri- Salvin-Godman Coll.
qui (Arcé).
a'. Ad, sk. Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b'. 6 ad, sk. Chiriqui (Hicks). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c'. Q ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d'. 9 ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
e', f'. 3 9 ad, sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
g". Ad, sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
h'—j'. & Q ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k'. Ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
!". Ad. sk. Paraiso Sta., Isthm. of Pa- Salvin-Godman Coll.

nama (Hughes).
51. ELAINEA.
139
m'. Ad. sk.
n'. Ad. sk.
o'. Ad. sk.
p'. 6 a.d. sk.
q'. 3 a.d. sk.
r". Ad. sk.
s'. Ad. sk.
t", ul. & Q ad. sk.
v'. Ad. sk.
w", a'. Ad, sk.
$y', 2'. Ad. sk.
a". Ad, sk.
b". Q ad. sk.
c". Q ad. sk.
d", e". Ad. sk.
f". Ad. sk.
g". G ad ; h", 2".
Q ad. ; )". Al-
bino sk.
K"-n". & ad.; o'",
". Q ad. sk
q", r". Ó 9 ad, sk.
s", t'. 3 9 ad, sk.
w". Ad, sk.
v". Q ad. sk.
w". & ad. sk.
a", y''. & Q ad, sk.
2". 9 ad. sk.
a", b". Ad, sk.
c", d". Ad. sk.
e", f". Ad, sk.
g", h". Ad, sk.
?'". Ad. sk.
j", k". 3 Q ad. sk.
!", "m". Ad. sk.
n". Ad, sk.
o'", p". Ad. sk.
q". Ad, sk.
Isthmus of Panama (Arcé).
Panama (Hughes).
Sta. Marta, U. S.C.
Minca, U. S. C. (Simons).
Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser).
Santa Rita, Ecuador (Buckley).
Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann).
Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Antioquia (Salmon).
Bucaramanga, U. S.C. (Minlos).
Bogota, U. S. C.
Valencia, Venezuela (Goering).
S. Esteban, Venezuela
(Goering).
Trinidad.
Tobago (Kirk).
Tobago (Kirk).
Roraima, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Roraima, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Cayenne.
Cayenne (Jelski).
Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well).
Para (E. L. Layard).
Ceara, Brazil (Zietz).
Pernambuco, Brazil (Craven).
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer).
Pahia, Brazil.
Saô Paulo, Brazil (Joyner).
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil (Joyner).
Brazil.
Bolivia.
Brazil.
~ 2. Elainea ridleyana.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll. (Type
of E. Semipagana.)
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Zool. Soc. Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Jardine Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sudbury Mus.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
T. Bridges [C.].
Tid. Stuart de Rothe-
say (P.].
Elainea ridleyana, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1888 (Feb. 7th).
Similar to E. pagana, but darker in colour and with longer bill.
Hab. Island of Fernando Noronha.
a, b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad, sk.
Fernando Noronha.
Fernando Noronha,
(T
H. N. Ridley, Esq. [C.].
es of the species.)
Capts. Burnett & Fitzroy [P.].
140 TYRANNIDAE.
3. Elainea gigas.
Elainea albiceps, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 71; id. Cat. A. B. p. 217 (nec
Lafr, et D’Orb.).
Elainea gigas, Sel. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 831; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873,
p. 185, et 1876, p. 16 (S. Peru); id. Nomencl. p. 48; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1874, p. 536, et 1882, p. 19; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 265.
- º : \ i
§ { \} \, \
B -
W W.
WWW W
| º
- WA, . \
Head and wing of Elained gigas. (P. Z. S. 1870, p. 832.)
Above dark olivaceous brown; head crested, with a large vertical
spot; wings and tail dark brown; a double band across the wing-
coverts and external margins of the outer secondaries dirty white;
rest of wing-feathers and tail-feathers slightly margined with oliva-
ceous: beneath, throat grey; breast and flanks greyish olivaceous;
middle of belly yellow ; under wing-coverts and crissum yellowish
grey; bill reddish brown, lighter at the base; feet blackish: whole
length 6 inches, wing 38, tail 3-3. Female similar.
Hab. Ecuador and Peru.
This species is chiefly distinguishable from E. pagana by its large
size; but it is also darker above, and has a much larger white ver-
tical spot, which occupies nearly the whole of the interior of the
crest.
a. Ad, sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll., (Type
of the species.)
b, c. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Huiro, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.

51. ELAINEA. 141
4. Elaimea martinica.
Muscicapa martinicana cristata, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 362.
Muscicapa martinica, Linn. S. N. i. p. 325.
Tyrannula martinica, Cassin, Proc. Ac. Philad, 1860, p. 375.
Elainea martinica, Taylor, Ibis, 1864, i. 169; Sel. P. Z. S. 1871,
p. 271 (S. Lucia), 1874, p. 175 (Barbadoes), et 1879, p. 765 (Mont-
serrat); Semper, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 650; Sol. et Salv. Womencl. p. 48;
Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 113; Lawr, P. U. S. N. M. i. pp. 59, 191,270,
357,458, 487, et iii. p. 256; Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 41 (St.Vincent);
Grisdale, Ibis, 1882, p. 489 (Montserrat).
Elainea risii, Sol. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 314, 1861, p. 406, et 1870, p. 834;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 217; Newton, Ibis, 1860, p. 307 (St. Thomas).
Muscicapa albicapilla, Vieill. Ois. d’Am. Sept. p. 66, pl. 37.
Above dark olivaceous; head subcrested, with a well-marked
white basal spot; wings and tail blackish brown; double bar across
the wing-coverts and outer edges of external secondaries dirty white,
rest of wing-feathers and tail-feathers with narrow olivaceous outer
margins: beneath pale cinereous, with a slight olivaceous tinge on
the flanks and crissum; bill dark brown, base of the lower mandible
reddish; feet black: whole length 6 inches, wing 3-2, tail 3. Female
like the male, but with the vertical spot less apparent or absent.
Hab. Antilles, from St. Thomas down to Barbadoes.
This species is very similar to E. pagana, but is of a nearly uni-
form pale cinereous brown. As in E. pagana, there is much indi-
vidual variation.
a. Ad, sk. St. Thomas (Riise). Sclater Coll. (Type
of E. risii.)
b, c. 6 @ ad. sk. St. Thomas (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Montserrat (Sturge). Sclater Coll.
e. 6 a.d. sk. Dominica (Ober). Sclater Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Dominica (Ober). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g, h. Ad, sk. St. Lucia (Semper). Sclater Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Barbadoes ãº. Sclater Coll.
j. Ad, sk. Barbadoes. s: R. Schomburgk
P.T.
k. Ad. sk. Barbadoes (Wedderburn). J º Coll.
l, Jr. sk. Grand Cayman I. (Richard- Sclater Coll.
son).
5. Elainea albiceps.
Muscipeta albiceps, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 47; d'Orb. Voy., Ois.
319 {
p. 318.
Elainea albiceps, Sol. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 71 (Ecuador), 1861, p. 406
(Bolivia et Peru), 1867, p. 327 ài. et 1870, p. 834 (Honduras);
id. Cat. A. B. p. 217; Sel, et Salv, P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 174, 568 (W.
Peru), 1873, pp. 185, 279 (Peru), 1876, p. 16 (Peru), 1878, p. 433,
et 1879, p. 614 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 48; Pelz. Orn. Bras,
p. 107; Durnf. Ibis, 1878, p. 60 (rep. Arg); White, P. Z. S. 1882,
. 606 (rep. Arg.); Salv. P.Z. S. 1883, p. 423 (W. Peru); id. Ibis,
is. }. 294 (Br. Guiana); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 263; Berl. et Jher.
º: ges. Orn. 1885, p. 133 (S. Brazil); Sel, et Huds, Arg, Orn.
1, p. 140.
142 TYRANNIDAE.
Elainea griseogularis, Sel. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554, pl. 146, fig. 1, 1859,
p. 46, et 1861, p. 407; id. Cat. A. B. p. 217; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.
1884, p. 296, et 1885, p. 90 ğ.
Elainea modesta, Tsch, Wiegm. Arch, 1847, i. p. 274; id. Fawn, Per.,
Aves, p. 159; Scl, P. Z. S. 1859, p.46, et 1861, p. 407, et 1867, p. 338;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 217; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 59; Burm.
J. f. O. 1860, p. 246; id. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 454; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 107 (?); Sel, et Salv, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 751, et 1868, p. 142; iid.
Ibis, 1868, p. 185; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536; Cab. J.J. O. 1878,
-- p. 197. -
Eliº parvirostris, Pelz. Orn, Bras. p. 178 (?). ...
Elainea cristata, Pelz. Orn, Bras, pp. 107, 177 (?).
Elaimea albivertex, Pelz. Orn. Bras, pp. 107, 177; Berl. J. f. O. 1884,
p. 301.
Above dark ashy brown, with a slight olivaceous tinge on the
rump; head slightly darker, with a moré or less concealed white
vertical spot; wings and tail blackish brown, tips of wing-coverts
(forming two transverse bands) and outer margins of exterior secon-
daries dirty white; rest of wing-feathers and tail-feathers slightly
margined with lighter colour: below nearly uniform pale cinereous,
whiter on the throat and middle of the belly; under wing-coverts
slightly tinged with yellowish ; bill brownish, paler at the base;
feet blackish: whole length 6 inches, wing 3-2, tail 3. Female
similar.
Hab. All South America, except Colombia.
The characters of this variable species are taken from specimens
obtained in Southern Peru by Whitely, which agree nearly with
d'Orbigny's types in the Paris Museum. E. griseigularis of Western
Ecuador is smaller in size, but is easily matched by some Peruvian
specimens. So far as I can judge from single examples, E. cris-
tata and E. albivertea of Pelzeln are inseparable from the present
species.
a, b. 3 ad.; c, d. Roraima, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
Q ad. sk. (Whitely).
e. Ad. sk. Roraima, British Guiana Sclater Coll,
(Whitely).
f. 6 ad. ; g, h. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
$2 ad. sk. (Whitely).
2. Ad. sk. Cayenne (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
j. Q ad, sk. Valencia,Venezuela(Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador(Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. Ad, sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. 6 a.d. sk. Riobamba, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type
of E. griseigularis, Sci.)
m. Q ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haucoell). Salvin-Godman Coll,
o, p. Ad, sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Sclater Coll.
q, & ad. Sk, Chyavetas, E.Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
'r. Jr. sk. Lower Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
8, t. Ad, sk. E. Peru. Sclater Coll.
u, Jr. sk. E. Peru (Farris). Sclater Coll.
v. Ad, sk. E, Peru (Tschudi). Sclater Coll. (Typical
of E. modesta, Tsch.)
51. ELAINEA. 143
w. Ad, sk. Huiro, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
a. Ad, sk. Huiro, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
$y. Ad. sk. Tambo Valley, W. Peru Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
2. G ad. sk. Arequipa, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
a'. Q ad. sk. Callao, Peru (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b'. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. º
c'. Ad, sk. Chili (Leybold). Sclater Coll.
d", e'. Ad. Sk. Chili. Purchased.
f. Ad, sk. Chili. Sclater Coll.
g". Ad. Sk. Valparaiso. C. Darwin [C.].
h'. Ad. sk. Port Famine, Patagonia. Salvin-Godman Coll.
2". Ad. sk. Magellan Straits. Sir W. Burnett and
º Fitzroy [C.].
j'. Ad. St. Magellan Straits. Sir W. Burnett and
Capt. Fitzroy [C].
k'. Ad. Sk. Magellan Straits. ‘Challenger? Exp.
!". Ad. Sk. Taken at sea, H.M.S. “Alert,’ The Admiralty.
in lat. 30°40' S., long. 48°
27' W.
m'. Ad, sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Bur- Salvin-Godman Coll.
meister).
n". Ad. sk. Belgrano, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C].
o'. Ad, sk. Buenos Ayres (Haslehust). Sclater Coll.
p'. Ad, sk. Buenos Ayres (Hudson). Sclater Coll.
q'. Ad, sk. Curytiba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
7". 6 ad. sk. Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. (E. al-
bivertea, Pelz.)
s'. Q ad. sk. Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. (E.
cristata, Pelz.)
t'. Ad. sk. Rio Grande do Sul (Plant). Sclater Coll.
w', 'v'. 3 a.d.; w
Rio Grande do Sul (Jhering).
Sclater Coll.
Q ad. sk.
a'. Ad. sk. Ceara, Brazil (Zietz). Sclater Coll.
y'. Ad, sk. Lagoa Santa, S.E. Brazil Sclater Coll.
(Lund).
~ 6. Elaimea strepera.
Elainea strepera, Cab. J. f. O. 1883, p. 215.
Above dark greyish olive; head slightly crested, with a white
basal spot ; eye-ring white; wings and tail blackish; tips of wing-
coverts rufous ; slight margins of wing- and tail-feathers olivaceous:
beneath cinereous, middle of belly white, flanks olivaceous; under
wing-coverts pale cinereous; bill dark brown, pale at the base; feet
blackish: whole length 5-6 inches, wing 2-9, tail 27.
Hab. Argentine Republic, Prov. Tucuman.
Described from a specimen, apparently not quite adult, in Graf v.
Berlepsch's collection. Allied to E. albiceps, but more cinereous
above, and distinguished by its white eye-ring and the rufous edgings
of the wing-coverts.
144 TYRANNIDAE.
Tº 7. Elainea hypospodia.
Elaimea hypospodia, Sol. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 49.
Above dark cinereous; head subcrested, with a concealed white ver-
tical spot ; wings blackish, with white terminal spots on the coverts,
forming two well-defined cross bands, and the outer secondaries
margined and terminated with white; tail ashy like the back: beneath
pale cinereous; middle of belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts
white; bill brown, pale reddish at the base: whole length 5-3
inches, wing 2-9, tail 25.
Hab. Venezuela.
Rather larger than E. leucospodia, and without any trace of
yellow or olive on its plumage.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Valencia, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
(Type of the species.)
~8. Elainea taczanowskii.
Elainea taczanowskii, Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 137.
Above grey, with a very slight olivaceous tinge; head blackish,
slightly crested, with a white basal spot; wings blackish, wing-
coverts and secondaries margined with white; tail blackish brown:
beneath white, breast and sides cinereous; under wing-coverts
white; bill brown, pale at the base; feet black: whole length 4.5
inches, wing 2:4, tail 2.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
Described from the typical specimen, from Bahia, in Graf v.
Berlepsch's collection.
~9. Elaimea leucospodia,
Elainea leucospodia, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 325, et 1880, p.203; Orm.
Pér. ii. p. 267.
Above cinereous; head darker, with a well-marked basal crest of
pure white; wings and tail blackish, with more or less decided
whitish edgings: beneath pale cinereous, middle of belly white; flanks
and crissum with a slight yellowish tinge; bill brown, whitish at
the base; feet black: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-3, tail 19.
Female similar.
Hab. Western Peru.
Generally resembling E. albiceps, but at once distinguishable by
its smaller size.
a. 9 ad. Sk. Tumbez, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
b. ? ad, sk. Chepen, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
51. ELAINEA. 145
10.” Elaimea frantzii,
Elainea frantzii, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 172, et ix. p. 42 (Costa
Rica); Frantz, J. f. O. 1869, p. 307; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197
(Veragua); Sol. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 835; Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63
(Costa Rica); Sol, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 49; iid. P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 513 (Antioquia); Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. v. p. 496, et vi. p. 393.
Elainea pudica, Sol. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 833; Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 78ſ (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p. 49; Berl. J. f. O. 1884,
p. 302 (Bucaramanga).
\* s
Head and wing of Elainea frantzii. (P. Z. S. 1870, p. 834.)
Above dark olive-brown; head slightly crested, with a white basal
spot ; wings and tail blackish ; tips of the wing-coverts, forming
transverse bands, and Outer margins of the external secondaries
whitish ; rest of wing- and tail-feathers slightly margined with
olivaceous: beneath pale olive-brown mixed with yellowish, brighter
in the middle of the belly, Grissum, and under wing-coverts; bill
brown, lower mandible reddish at the base; feet blackish : Whole
length 6 inches, wing 3-2, tail 27. Female. Similar, but some-
times, if not always, without the White vertical spot.
Hab. Guatemala, and Central America down to Panama, Colombia,
and Venezuela.
I had formerly supposed that E. frantzii had no white vertical
spot, and placed it accordingly in another section of the genus. But
this was an error, the white spot having been described by Mr.
Lawrence in his original diagnosis of the species, and being un-
doubtedly present in many specimens. I also find the white spot
present in Some specimens of the Southern E. pudica, and am now in-
clined to regard this supposed species as inseparable from E. frantzii.
a, b, d ? ad.; c, San Pedro Martyr, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll,
$2 ad. sk. (Salvin).
d. 92 ad, sk. Medio Monte, Guatemala (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
vin).
e. Ad, sk. Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f, Q ad, sk. Volcan de Agua, above S. Diego Sclater Coll.
(Salvin).
L

TYRANNIDAE,
g. & ad. Sk Barranco-Hondo, Guatemala Sclater Coll.
(Salvin). -
h, i. 3 a.d. sk Dota, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Irazu District, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Rogers).
K. 3 ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmoil). Sclater Coll.
l, Ad, sk. Costa Rica (Boucard). Sclater Coll.
m, n. 6 Q ad, sk. Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
q. Ad. Sk, Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type
of E. pudica.)
r, s. Ad. Sk Bogota. Purchased.
t. 3 ad. Sk Sta. Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
w. Ad. sk. Sta. Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salmon [C].
v. Ad, sk. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
w. Ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
w, Q ad. Sk Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
y. Ad, sk. Sclater Coll.
~11. Elainea olivina,
Merida, Venezeula (Goering).
(Plate XII.)
Elainea olivina, Salvin et Godman, Ibis, 1884, p. 446; Salv, Ibis,
1885, p. 294.
Above dark olive-brown; head slightly crested, with a large
white basal spot; wings and tail blackish; tips of the wing-coverts,
forming two well-marked transverse bands, and outer margins of
external secondaries white, other secondaries with slight whitish
margins: beneath pale yellowish, rather more cinereous on the throat;
under wing-coverts white; bill brown, paler at the base of the
lower mandible; feet black : whole length 6 inches, wing 3, tail
2.8. Female similar.
Hab. Interior of British Guiana.
This species is closely allied to E. frantzii, but is rather smaller
in dimensions, of darker colour above and much more yellowish
below.
a, b. 3 ad, ; C–e.
Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
Q ad, sk. (Whitely). (Types of the species.
f, g. 69 ad. Sk, Roraima, Brit. Guiana ś Coll. p )
(Whitely).
12. Elainea pallatangae,
Elainea pallantangae, Selater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 407, pl. xli.; id. Cat.
A. B. p. 217 : id., P. Z. S. 1870, p. 835; Sol. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 48;
Tacz, Orm. Pér. ii. p. 264; Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 118, 123.
Elainea º Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536, 1879, p. 234, et
1882, p. 19 (?).
Above dark olive-brown, rather lighter on the rump; head
slightly crested, with a white basal spot; wings and tail blackish
brown; two bands on the wing-coverts and outer margins of
51. ELAINEA. 147
external secondaries white, other secondaries with slight whitish
margins: beneath pale yellowish, cinereous on the throat; under
wing-coverts pale yellowish; bill brown, lower mandible paler;
feet blackish : whole length 5:8 inches, wing 2:8, tail 2-6. Female
similar, but white vertical spot sometimes absent.
Hab. Ecuador and Peru.
This species is closely allied to E. olivina, but is not quite so
dark above and not quite so yellow below. The under wing-coverts
are yellowish, not white.
a, b. ? ad, sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
(Types of the species.)
c. Jr. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). L. Fraser.
d. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll,
13: Elainea fallax.
Elainea sp. ex Jamaica, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 314,
Elainea fallax, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 407, et 1870, p. 832; d. Cat,
A. B. p. 217; Sel, et Salv, Nomencl. p. 48.
Head and wing of Elained fallaw. (P. Z. S. 1870, p. 833.)
Above dark olive-brown; head darker, slightly crested, with a
large white basal spot ; wings and tail blackish ; tips of wing-
coverts forming two white cross bands, and outer margins of
external secondaries whitish ; rest of Wing- and tail-feathers
slightly margined with olivaceous: below pale yellowish, rather
lighter on the middle of the throat; under wing-coverts pale
yellowish; bill dark brown, lower mandible pale at the base; feet
blackish: whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2:7, tail 25. Female
similar.
Hab. Jamaica.
E. fallaw is closely allied to the three preceding species, but may
be distinguished by its smaller size and shorter bill.
a, b, Ad, sk. Jamaica (Ward). Sclater Coll.
(Types of E, fallaw.)
c, d, d ? ad, sk. Jamaica (Newton). Salvin-Godman Coll.
L

148 TYRANNIDAE.
|\º | 1 , , , '
Y | \ . * * ,
14. HElainea placens,
Contramaestre pardo verdoso corona amarilla, Azara, Apunt. ii.
p. 57 (?). tº * 2
Sylvia viridicata, Vieill. Nouv. Dict, xi. p. 171; id. Enc. Méth.
p. 433 (?).
Muscicapāra viridicata, d’Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 325 (certè).
Helinaea viridicata, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 11. tº º
Muscicapa elegans, d'Orb. et Lafº. Sym. Av, i. p. 52 (Bolivia).
Elainea placens, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46 (Mex, et Guatemala),
1861, p. 407, et 1870, p. 885; id. Cat. A. B. p. 217; Sel..et Salv.
Ibis, 1859, p. 123, pl. 4, f. 2; iid P. Z. S. 1864, p. 859, 1868,
pp. 628, 631, 1873, p. 279, 1876, pp. 16, 17; iid. Nomencl. p. 48;
Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 194; id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197; Lawr. Ann.
L. N. Y. vii. p. 328, ix. pp. 112, 201; Frantz, J. f. O. 1869,
p. 307; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 325 (Peru); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 447 (Costa Rica).
Elainea grata, Cab. J. f. O. 1883, p. 216 (Tucuman) P
Above dull olive-green; head dark cinereous, slightly crested,
with a large basal spot of bright yellow ; lores and eye-region
mixed with whitish ; wings and tail ashy black, with slight margins
of the same colour as the back: beneath pale cinereous; belly, cris-
sum, and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill blackish ;
feet dark brown; whole length 5 inches, wing 2:5, tail 25. Female
similar.
Hab. From Mexico throughout Central and Southern America to
Brazil and Bolivia. -
As will be seen by the list of localities we have now specimens of
this species, originally described as E. placens from Mexican skins
and generally known under that name, from Southern Peru and
Brazil. I have examined specimens of Muscicapara viridicata of
d'Orbigny from Bolivia, and find that they cannot be separated
from the Peruvian bird. It is perhaps a little doubtful whether
Azara’s bird, upon which Vieillot founded his Sylvia viridicata,
should be referred here; but it is quite probable that the species
also extends to Paraguay, and that the Elaimea grata of Cabanis
from Tucuman also belongs to it. But I am unwilling to alter the
name to E. viridicata until a further supply of southern specimens
has been obtained. To employ the name elegans, which d'Orbigny
and Lafresnaye first assigned to their Bolivian birds, would only
create fresh difficulties by confounding this species with E. elegans
of Pelzeln.
a. Q ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico (Sallé). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Tres Marias Is., W. Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Forrer).
c, e. Ad. sk. Mugeres I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
-l. Ad, sk. Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gaumer), Salvin-Godman Coll.
ºn. Q ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above San Salvin–Godman Coll.
Diego (Salvºn).
0. Ad, sk. Retaluleu, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ad, sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ad.sk. Choctum, Vera Paz. Sclater Coll.
51. ELAINEA. 149
s
w? .
&
cº,' ſ
*
r. 9 a.d. sk. Barranca, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
s. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
t. 3 ad, sk. Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll
v. 6 ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
v. 6 a.d. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
w. Ad, sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
a, y. 6 a.d. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
a'. & ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll.
b'. Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. |
c'. 3 Ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
(Types of E. implacens.)
d'. Ad, sk. Bogota. '. Coll.
e'. 6 a.d. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Goering).
f'. 6 a.d. sk. Maramura, South Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g'. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Berlepsch). Sclater Coll.
h'. Ad, st. Brazil. Purchased.
Wu {^. t { gaſ, ".
15. Elainea subplacens.
Elainea subplacens, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 407; id. Cat. A. B. p. 218;
id. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 835; Sol, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 48; Berl, et
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 555, et 1885, p. 122; Tacz. Orn, Pér. ii.
p. 268.
Very similar in all respects to E. placens, and distinguished only
by its larger size and duller colour above. It is also, perhaps,
slightly paler below. Whole length 5.9 inches, wing 3, tail 29.
Hab. Western Ecuador.
a, b. 3 ad, sk. Pallatanga (Fraser), Sclater Coll. (Types
of E. subplacens.)
c. 3 ad. Sk, Pallatanga (Fraser). L. Fraser [C.].
d. Ad. sk. Balzar Mountains, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll.
- (Illingworth).
e. Ad, sk. Puna Island, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
mºſ, ^: Č.
16: Elaimea cotta.
Elainea cotta, Gosse, Ann. N. H. ser, 2, iii. p. 257 (1849); id. Ill. B.
Jam. pl. 45; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 76,408; id. Cat. A. B. p. 218;
Albrecht, J. f. O. 1862, p. 198; Sol. P.Z. S. 1876, p. 835; Sel, et
Salv, Nomencl. p. 48.
Above olive-brown, slightly greenish on the rump; head darker,
slightly crested, with a large basal spot of bright yellow; wings and
tail brownish black; secondaries slightly margined externally
with yellowish : beneath pale cinereous, belly tinged with sulphur-
yellow ; under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; bill brown,
paler at the base of the lower mandible; feet black: whole length
5 inches, wing I-7, tail 1:5. Female similar, but without the
i yellow vertical spot.
Hab. Jamaica.
150 TYRANNIDAE.
This bird belongs to the group of E. placens, but is smaller in
size than that species, and has a more constricted bill; it is also
much darker in colour above.
a, b. Ad, sk. Jamaica (Osburn). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Sclater Coll.
d. Ad, sk. . Jamaica (Gosse). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Jamaica. P. H. Gosse [C].
f. 9 ad, sk. Jamaica (Newton). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Ad, sk. Jamaica. Salvin-Godman Coll,
h, Ad, sk. Jamaica (Chitty). Jardine Coll,
MA; \ \ |. cº * ,
17. Elainea gainardi.
Muscicapa albicilla, d'Orb. et Lafr, Syn, i. p. 52 (1837).
Muscicapara gainiardi, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 326 (1840).
Elainea caniceps, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 217; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 407,
et 1870, p. 835; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 107; Sel, et Salv, P. Z. S. 1867,
p.978, et 1873, p. 279; Cab. J. f. Orn. 1874, p. 88; Tacz, Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 369.
Elainea elegans, Pelz. Orn, Bras, p. 107; Scl., et Salo. P. Z. S. 1868,
}. 628,631, et 1879, p. 614; Sel. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 835; Tacz, Orn.
_ Pér. ii. p. 266; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 298 (Brit. Guiana).
^ Elainia macilvainii, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. x. p. 10 (1871); Salv. Ibis,
| 1874, p. 315 (Panama).
Above pale greenish olive ; head blackish, slightly crested, with
a large basal spot of yellowish white, more or less strongly coloured;
wings and tail blackish brown; wing-coverts broadly margined
with yellowish white, forming two transverse bands; secondaries
externally margined with yellowish white: beneath pale cinereous;
abdomen more or less strongly tinged with Sulphur-yellow ; under
wing-coverts sulphur-yellow ; bill dark horn-colour; feet black:
whole length 4-3 inches, wing 2-2, tail 2. Female similar.
Hab. S. America, from Panama down to Brazil and Bolivia.
Mr. Salvin and I have hitherto referred specimens of this species
to E. caniceps, Sw., and E. elegans, Pelz. But there is much varia-
tion in the tinge of yellow in the crest, which was our chief guide
in separating these two supposed species. I now unite the whole
series under the title E. gainardi, having ascertained that the
Muscicapara gainardi of d'Orbigny undoubtedly belongs here.
a. Qad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll,
d, e. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
j. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Ad, sk. San Estaban, Venezuela. Sclater Coll.
h. Ad. sk. San Estaban, Venezuela Sclater Coll.
(Goering).
2. Q ad, sk. San Estaban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Goering).
j, k, & Q sk. Roraima, Br. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll,
l, Q ad. Sk, Roraima, Br. Guiana (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
51. ELAINEA. 151
m. Qad, sk. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
m, o. 6 @ ad, sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
p, q, d ? ad. Sk, Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
r. Ad, sk. Guiana. Sclater Coll.
8. Ad, sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
t. Ad, sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Purchased.
w. 6 a.d. sk. Borba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
(Typical of E. elegans, Pelz.)
v. 6 a.d. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Sclater Coll.
w. Q ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
a. Ad, sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
y. Ad. St. Brazil (?). Purchased.
t | }
|Yvºwſºeº
~18. Elainea flavivertex,
Elainea flavivertex, Sel. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 49.
Above olive-green, rather paler on the rump; head blackish,
slightly crested, with a large basal spot of bright yellow ; wings
blackish, both rows of wing-coverts broadly tipped with yellowish,
forming two transverse bands; secondaries margined externally
with yellowish; tail brown, with slight olivaceous margins: beneath
cinereous, lighter on the throat; belly tinged with sulphur-yellow ;
under wing-coverts pale Sulphur-yellow ; bill brown; feet blackish :
whole length 4-6 inches, wing 2-3, tail 2:1.
Hab. Upper Amazonia.
This species resembles E. gainwardi, but is much darker below,
and has a fiery yellow crest like E. placens.
a. Ad, sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species).
b. Ad. sk. Upper Ucayali (Bartlett). E. Bartlett [C.].
c. Ad, sk. Elvira, E. Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Mºvo-'Aaſ--
~19: Elainea caniceps.
Tyrannula caniceps, Sw. B. Brazil, t. 49; Bp. Consp. i. p. 191.
Elainea caniceps, Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 107 (?).
Above olive-green; upper part of the back cinereous; head dark
cinereous, slightly crested, with a large basal spot of white, slightly
tinged with yellow ; wings and tail blackish ; tips of wing-coverts,
forming two transverse bands, and outer margins of the secondaries
pale yellowish white: beneath pale cinereous, almost white on the
belly; crissum and under wing-coverts slightly tinged with yellow ;
bill dark brown; feet blackish: whole length 4 inches, wing 2-2,
tail I'7.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
My description is from a single skin from the collection of Messrs.
Salvin and Godman, which is, I think, more likely to be the true
Tyrannula caniceps of Swainson than any other bird I have met
152 TYRANNIDAE.
with. It belongs to the group of E. gainardi, but is of a nearly
uniform cinereous white below, with very slight tinge of yellowish,
as portrayed in Swainson's figure. A similar skin is in Graf v.
Berlepsch's collection.
a, Ad, sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
M4. R. º & ... 5°
20: Elainea ruficeps.
Elainea ruficeps, Pelz. Orn. Bras, pp. 108, 179; Sel, et Salv, Nomencl.
p. 49; Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 294,
Above dark olive-brown; head slightly crested, with a large
nuchal spot of dull red; wings and tail blackish ; tips of the wing-
coverts, forming two bars, and outer margins of external secondaries
whitish : beneath dirty white, obscurely streaked with cinereous;
belly tinged with yellowish; under wing-coverts clear yellowish
white; bill brown, paler at the base of the lower mandible ; feet
black ; whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2-2. Female similar,
but red nuchal spot less developed.
Hab. Guiana and Amazonia.
This species is very well marked by its dark colour and red
Crest.
a—c. 3 ad. ; d-f. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
G SP ad, sk. (Whitely).
g, h. 3 Q ad, sk. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
7. Ad, sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
21. Elainea, obscura.
Muscipeta obscura, Lafr, et d'Orb. Syn., Av. i. p. 48 (1837).
Muscipeta guillemini, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 319.
Elainea rustica, Sel. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 408; id. Cat. A. B. p. 218.
Elaimea obscura, Cab, in Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn. p. 158; Cab. et
Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 66; Scl. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 835; Pelz. Orn.
Bras, p. 108; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 16; iid. Womencl. p. 49;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 536, 1879, p. 235, et 1880, p. 203; d. Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 270.
Muscicapa olivacea, Lafr, et d'Orb. Sym, Av. i. p. 54 (?).
Muscicaparaboliviana, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 458 (?).
Elainea olivacea, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46, et 1861, p. 408 id. Cat.
A. B. p. 218.
Elainea, obscura rustica, Berl, et Jher, Zeitschr, ges. Orn. 1885,
p. 132.
Above dark olive-brown ; head slightly crested, but with no ver-
tical spot ; wings and tail blackish brown; tips of wing-coverts,
forming two transverse bands, and outer margins of external secon-
daries dirty white : beneath cinereous, middle of belly yellowish ;
under wing-coverts greyish white; bill brown, pale reddish at the
51. ELAINEA. 153
base; feet dark horn-colour: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-5,
tail 3-3. Female similar.
Hab. Southern Brazil, Bolivia, and Southern Peru.
The large size and entire absence of the vertical spot distinguish
this species.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Ypanema, S.E. Brazil (Watt.). Sclater Coll.
b, c, d ad, sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 3 ad, sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brazil (Joyner).
e. & ad. sk. Lagoa Santa, Minas, Brazil Sclater Coll.
(Lund).
f. Q ad, sk. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Sclater Coll.
- (Jhering).
g. Ad, sk. South Brazil (Sells). Sclater Coll.
h. Jr. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
7, j. Ad sk. º Yungas, Bolivia (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll.
€/).
k. Ad, sk. Polivia. J. Gould, Esq.
l. Ad, sk. Huiro, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
m. G ad. sk. Huiro, Peru (Whitely). Salvin–Godman Coll.
22. Elainea mesoleuca.
Elainea mesoleuca, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 60; Sol. Cat.
A. B. p. 217; id. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 407, et 1870, p. 835; Sel, et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 49; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr, ges. Orn. 1885, p. 132.
Muscipeta modesta, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 923 (?).
Above uniform olive-green; wings and tail blackish brown; tips
of wing-coverts, forming two transverse bars, and outer margins of
external secondaries white ; rest of wing and tail-feathers very
narrowly margined with olive : beneath pale grey, tinged with olive-
green on the breast and flanks; middle of belly pure white; under
wing-coverts white tinged with yellowish ; upper mandible brown,
lower white, tipped with brown; feet dark brown; whole length
5.2 inches, wing 3-1, tail 2-5. Female similar, but rather smaller.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
Some specimens of E. albiceps, in which the vertical spot is absent,
come very near this species, and have caused me some difficulty.
But the examples assigned to this species are of a clearer lighter
olive-green above, although I am by no means sure that they are
anything more than females and young of E. albiceps. (Cf. v. Ber-
lepsch, Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 133.)
a. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Coll.
b, c, Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
23:t Elaimea arenarum. = Sºº-g 2'-º'- º
Elainea arenarum, Salv. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 190; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y.
ix. p. 112; Frantz, J. f. O. 1869, p. 307; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 49.
Above dark cinereous with a slight olive tinge; head, wings, and
**------"
154 TYRANNIDAE.
tail blackish ; outer margins of wing-coverts and secondaries and
narrow tips of tail-feathers whitish : beneath, throat and breast pale
cinereous white; belly and under wing-coverts pale Sulphur-yellow ;
bill horn-colour; feet blackish : whole length 5:5 inches, wing 2-7,
tail 2-6.
Plab. Costa Rica.
Only known from the type specimen.
a. 6 ad, sk. Punta Arenas, Costa Rica (O. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin). (Type of the species.)
24. Elainea affinis,
Elainea affinis, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 477; Pelz. Orn. Bros. p. 108;
Sel. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 838; Sol, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 49.
Muscicapa jocosa, Lund, MS.
Above grey; rump yellowish ; wings blackish; wing-coverts and
outer secondaries externally margined with greyish white ; tail
black, with a broad yellowish-white band at the base, and slight
whitish end-band : beneath, throat and breast pale cinereous; belly
and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow : whole length 6 inches,
wing 3-2, tail 2:8. Female similar.
Blab. S.E. Brazil.
a. Q ad. sk. Lagoa Santa, Minas, Brazil (Lund). Sclater Coll.
b. ? ad, sk. Rio das Pedras, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil, Salvin-Godman Coll.
52. EMPIDAGRA. Type
Suiriri, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 336 (1840) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. suiriri.
Empidagra, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 59 (1859) . . . . E. Suiriri.
Empidagra comes very close to Elained, but may be distinguished
by its stronger bill. I am only acquainted with the typical species
from Paraguay and Argentina, but there is said to be another in
Peru and Guiana.
1. Empidagra Suiriri,
Suiriri ordinaria, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 111.
Muscicapa Suiriri, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxi. p. 487; id. Enc. Méth. ii.
p. 820; d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 51.
Fluvicola suiriri, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 12.
Suiriri suiriri, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 336. -
Tº: Suiriri, Burm, Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 519; id. La-Plata Reise,
ii. p. 460.
Eriº Suiriri, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 59; Scl. et Salv.
P. Z.S. 1869, p. 633, et 1879, p. 614; Cab. J. f.O. 1878, p. 197,
Pachyrhamphus albescens, Gould, Zool. Voy." Beagle," iii. p. 50,
t. xiv. -
Elainea albescens, Bp. Consp. i. p. 186; Burm, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 634
(Buenos Ayres).
Above cinereous; wings and tail blackish; all the wing-coverts
53. LEGATUS. 155
and Outer secondaries broadly margined externally with white;
outer webs of Outer tail-feathers white; outer edges of primaries and
narrow ends of tail-feathers cinereous: beneath white; under wing-
coverts pale yellowish white; bill and feet black: whole length 5.5
inches, wing 29, tail 2-5. .
Hab. Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentine Republic, and Bolivia.
a. Ad. Sk, Uruguay. Alan º
b. ? ad, sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres (Hudson). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Buenos Ayres, C. Darwin [C.].
(Type of Pachyrhamphus albescens, Gould.)
d. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Burmeister). Sclater Coll.
e,f. Ad. Sk, Buenos Ayres. Zool, Soc, Coll.
g, h, Ad, sk. Buenos Ayres (?). J. Gould, Esq.
~2. Empidagra brewirostris.
Elainea brevirostris, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. x. Bd. i. p. 274 (1844); id.
F. P., Aves, p. 159; Tacz, Orn. Pér. ii. p. 272; Cab, in Schomb.
Guiana, iii. p. 701; Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 295.
Empidagra brevirostris, Cab. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 59.
“Above cinereous olive ; cap darker; wings and tail brown;
lesser wing-coverts brown tipped with white : beneath yellowish;
throat white.” (Tschudi.)
Hab. Eastern Peru and Guiana.
53. LEGATUS. T
- ype.
Legatus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. albicollis.
In Legatus, a form of much the same general structure as the two
preceding genera, we find a rather shorter and much wider bill.
This form ranges throughout the Neotropical Region except in the
extreme South.
1. Legatus albicollis.
Barbichon de Cayenne (Q), Daub. Pl. Enl. 830. f. 2.
Suiriri chorreado sin roxo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 123. .
Tyrannus albicollis, Vieill, Nouv. Dict. xxxv, p. 89; id. Enc. Méth.
p. 854. &
Muscicapa legatus, Licht, Doubl., p. 56.
t exo- Muscieapa citrina, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 917.
Muscipeta albicollis, d'Orb, et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 47; d’Orb. Voy.,
Ois, p. 318.
Tºº circumcinctus, Sw, Orn. Dr. pl. 50.
Tyrannula albicollis, Hartl, Ind. Azar. p. 12.
Elaenea albicollis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 701; Burm. Syst,
Ueb. ii. p. 473.
Legatus albicollis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46, et 1860, p. 68; d. Cat.
A. B. p. 218; Cab, et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. § 60; Lawr. Ann.
L. N. Y. vii. p. 472, viii. p. 177, ix. p. 1.12; Sel, et Salv, P. Z. S.
156 TYRANNIDAs.
1864, p. 359, 1867, pp. 148, 577, et 1879, p. 614; d. Womenºl.
p. 49; Frantz, J. f.O. 1869, p. 307; Salv, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197;
ºd. Ibis, 1885, p. 295 (Brit. Guiana); Pelz. Orm, Bras, p. 108;
Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 382; Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 88; Bouc.
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 124; Tacº,
P. Z. S. 1882, p. 20; id. Orn, Pér. ii. p. 273; Berl, et Tacz, P. Z. S.
1883, p. 556; Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 302.
Elaemia variegata, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 296. ſº
Legatus variegatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 366, et 1864, p. 175; d.
ibis, 1859, p. 442; id. Cat, A, B, p. 217; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein,
ii. p. 60; Sol, et Salv, Ibis, 1859, p. 123; id. Nomencl. p. 493
Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y., vii. pp. 328,472, ix. p. 1.12; Cab. J. f. O.
1861, p. 245; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307.
Above brown; head rather darker; superciliaries connected by a
stripe round the nape white; more or less concealed vertical spot
sulphur-yellow; wings and tail blackish brown; narrow external
edgings to the wing-coverts and outer secondaries whitish : beneath,
throat white, bordered on each side by a narrow black mystacal
stripe; breast flammulated with blackish ; belly and under wing-
coverts pale sulphur-yellow; bill and feet black ; whole length 5:8
inches, wing 3-2, tail 25. Female similar.
Hab. America, from Mexico southwards to South Brazil.
At one time I thought it possible to distinguish the Mexican form of
this species as E. variegata, but the examination of the large series
now before me has convinced me that no such separation is necessary.
Some Mexican specimens are certainly of abnormally large dimen-
sions (wing 3-7), but in other respects may be matched by examples -
from more southern localities.
a. Ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico. Sallé [C]. (Type of
L. variegatus, Scl.
b. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased. -
c. Ad, sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Las Salinas, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. 6 ad, sk. Cahabon, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Chisec, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll.
g. Q ad. sk. San José, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h, i. º i. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. Jr. Sk,
k. Ad, sk. La Barranca, Nicoya, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Arcé).
l, m. 3 ad, sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
o, Ad sk. Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
p. 3 jr. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll. .
q. Ad, ; ", Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
S. Qad, sk.
t. Ad. sk. Panama (Hughes). Sclater Coll.
w. Ad, sk. Paraiso Station, Panama (Hughes). Salvin-Godman Coll.
v. 3 ad, sk. Minca, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.
w, & ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
a. Ad, sk. Bogota, - Sclater Coll.
$y. Ad. Sk, Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
z, Jr. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq.
54. SUBLEGATUS.
157
a'. 6 ad. sk.
b'. & ad, sk.
c'. Ad, sk.
d'. Ad, sk.
e'. Ad. sk.
f. Ad. sk.
g'. 6 ad, sk.
h', ''. Ad.'sk.
j'. Ad, sk.
k'. Ad, sk.
Sublegatus, Sol, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 172
Structure of Sublegatus glaber.
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana (Whitely).
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Cayenne.
Para, Lower Amazons (Wallace).
Para (Wallace).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner).
Brazil.
Erazil.
Brazil.
54. SUBLEGATUS.
Jºe
=&
s=--->
Sº
=<$s
:=tº
sº-º-º: >2<>
# * * * * * * g º a
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Type.
S. glaber.
(P. Z. S. 1868, p. 172.)
This is a modified form of Legatus with a nearly similar bill but
not quite so wide, and the rictus nearly smooth. The three species
are found in South America from Cayenne to Argentina.
1st Sublegatus glaber.
Muscicapa griseicollis, Licht, in Mus, Berol.
Legatus sp. inc., Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 219.
Sublegatus glaber, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 171, pl. xiii. fig. 2;
ãd. Nomencl. p. 49; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333 (Colombia).
5
Empidonax atrirostris, Lawr. Proc. Ac. Sc, Phil, 1871, p. 234; cf.
Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 316.
Above dark cinereous, with a slight olivaceoustinge ; head, wings,
and tail blackish; slight outer margins of the wing-coverts and
external secondaries and lores whitish : beneath, throat and breast
pale cinereous white; belly, and under wing-coverts pale lemon-
yellow; bill dark brown; feet blackish: whole length 5-3 inches,
wing 2:8, tail 2-6. Female similar.
Hab. Venezuela and Colombia.




158 TYRANNIDAE,
a. 3 a.d. sk. Caraccas, Venezuela (Goering), Sclater Coll. . (Type
of the species.)
b. Q ad. sk. Valencia, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Valencia (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, Jr. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.
e. Ad. Sk, Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f, Jr. st. S. America. Purchased.
`s 2.4Sublegatus griseocularis.
Elainea griseocularis, Landbeck, M.S.
Sublegatus griseocularis, Sol, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 17; Tacz. Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 274; Sol. et Huds. Arg. Orn, i. p. 147.
Above cinereous; wings and tail dark ashy brown; margins of
wing-coverts and outer secondaries whitish : beneath, throat and
breast pale cinereous white; belly and under wing-coverts pale
lemon-yellow; bill horn-colour; feet dark brown: whole length
5 inches, wing 2:8, tail 25. Female similar.
Hab. S. Peru and Northern La Plata.
In general colour this species much resembles S. glaber, but it is
rather more cinereous above, has a shorter and smaller bill, and is
rather Smaller in dimensions.
a, d ad, sk. Maramura, S. Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
b. ? ad, sk. Maramura, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. 3 jr. sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg, (Weisshaupt). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 92 jr. sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg, (Weisshaupt). Sclater Coll.
3: Sublegatus platyrhynchus.
Muscipeta incanescens, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 898 (1831)?
Sublegatus incanescens, Salv, et Godm. Ibis, 1881, p. 124(Colombia).
Sublegatus murinus, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 49 (nee Spiv).
Phyllomyias platyrhyncha, Scl, et Salv. Nomencl. pp. 48, 159.
Phyllomyias semifusca, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 105 (nec Sol.).
Above ashy brown, head rather darker; wings and tail blackish,
wing-coverts and secondaries margined externally with whitish :
beneath, throat and breast pale cinereous white; belly and under
wing-coverts pale lemon-yellow ; bill and feet dark brown: whole
length 4-5 inches, wing 2:5, tail 2:3. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
Of the same general colour as the last two species, but slightly
smaller in size than S. griseocularis and of a darker colour above.
Whether this is really the Muscipeta incanescens, Max., seems to be
doubtful. I therefore use for it a name which has certainly been
applied to it. º
a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
b. Jr. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Jr. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll,
55. MYIOZETETEs. 159
d. 9 ad, sk. Goiaz, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. (Type of
Phyllomyias platyrhyncha.)
e. Jr. sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons Sclater Coll.
(Wallace).
f. Ad, sk. Lower Amazons (Wallace). Sclater Coll.
g, d ad, sk. Minca, S.N. of Santa Marta Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Simons). (Probably different.)
55. MYIOZETETES.
Myiozeta, Bp. Consp. Syst. Orn. p. 30 (1854).
Myiozetetes, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46. . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. cayennensis.
This is a widely prevalent form of Tyrannine life all through the
Neotropical Region, except in Chili and Patagonia. The species are
very difficult to discriminate satisfactorily, but I am disposed to
allow seven as really separable.
In structure Myiozetetes is a robust version of Elainea, with a
stronger beak and feet, and slightly bristled rictus.
Type.
Key to the Species.
A. With white superciliaries.
a'. Primaries margined outwardly and in-
wardly with red.
jLarger; red on wing more prevalent 1. erythropterus, p. 159.
| Smaller; red on wing less prevalent 2, cayennensis, p. 160,
b'. Primaries margined outwardly with red,
inwardly with fulvous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. similis, p. 161.
c'. Primaries margined outwardly with oli-
vaceous, inwardly with fulvous, . . . . . 4. tea ensis, p. 162.
B. Without white superciliaries.
d". Head grey.
Smaller; bill shorter . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. granadensis, p. 163.
| Larger ; bill longer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. Sulphureus, p. 164.
e'. Head dark olive like the back . . . . . . . . 7. luteiwentris, p. 164.
1:* Myiozetetes erythropterus.
Tyrannula erythroptera, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 56.
Myiozetetes erythropterus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 751; Sol. et Salv,
Nomencl. p. 49.
Above dark olive-brown ; head black; large and distinct super-
ciliaries white; large vertical crest orange and yellow, tipped with
black; wings and tail blackish, external webs of basal two thirds of
primaries bright rufous; wing-coverts like the back: beneath sulphur-
yellow ; throat white; under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow;
under surface of wings pale rufous, with the apical portion black;
bill and feet black: whole length 7-5 inches, wing 3-9, tail 3:4.
Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
This southern form of M. cayennensis may perhaps be allowed to
160 TYRANNIDAE.
stand as distinct, though I have seen specimens of the northern bird
which come very near to it. It is distinguishable by its larger size
and by the greater extent of the chestnut colour on the wing.
a. Ad, sk. Santa Fé, Minas, Brazil (Rogers). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. St. Brazil. Purchased.
2: Myiozetetes cayennensis.
Muscicapa cayanensis, Linn. S. N. i. p. 327.
Elaenea cayanensis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 701.
Myiozetetes cayennensis, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 45, et 1871, pp. 751,
752; id. Cat. A. B. p. 219; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 569; Lawr.
Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 295; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 86; Sol, et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1866, p. 189, 1867, pp. 279,577, 978, 1868, p. 628 (Vene-
zuela), et 1876, p. 16; ºd. Womencl. p.49; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 109;
Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 556, et 1885, p. 68; Berl, J. f. O.
1884, p. 302; Tacz, Orn, Pér. ii. p. 275; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 295
(Br. Guiana).
Myiozetetes guianensis, Cab, et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 61; Sel. P. Z.S.
1860, p. 283, et 1871, p. 751; id. Cat. A. B. p. 212; Sel. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 279, et 1868, p. 168; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333.
Myiozetetes marginatus, Lawr. Ibis, 1863, p. 182; id. Ann, L. N. Y.
viii. p. 8, et ix. p. 1.12; Frantz, J. f. O. 1869, p. 307.
Myiozetetes rufipennis, Lawr. Ann, L. N. Y. ix. p. 267; Sel. P. Z. S.
1871, pp. 751, 752; Scl. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 49.
Above dark olive-brown; head black; superciliary stripe white ;
large vertical crest Orange mixed with yellow, and more or less
tipped with black; wings and tail blackish, outer margins of greater
part of primaries and inner secondaries rufous : beneath bright yel-
low, throat white; under wing-coverts yellow, inner webs of wing.
feathers (except the apical portion) pale Tufous; bill and feet black:
whole length 5:5 inches, wing 3-2, tail 27. Female similar.
Hab. From Panama Southwards through Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,
Venezuela, and Guiana, to Lower Amazonia.
I am now convinced that it is impossible to keep M. Tuftpennis,
Lawr., of Venezuela, separate, as Mr. Salvin and I have done in the
* Nomenclator.’ There are specimens from Ecuador which show
quite as much red on the Wing. In Bogota skins of this variable
species the red is usually not so much developed.
a, b. Ad. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Col
(Hughes).
c. Ad, sk. Panama (Hughes). Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Magdalena Valley (Wyatt). Salvin-Godman Coll
e. Q ad. Sk. Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll
f, g. Ad, sk. Bucaramanga, U. S.C. (Minlos). Sclater Coll.
h, i. Ad, sk. Bogota, Sclater Coll.
j. Ad. Sk. Bogota, Salvin-Godman Col.
k. Ad, sk. Bogota. Purchased. -
!. Ad, sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
55. MYIOZETETEs.
161
m. Ad, sk. Quito. J. Gould, Esq.
m. Ad. sk. Balzar Mountains, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Illingworth).
o, p. Ad, sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. Ad, sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
r. Ad. Sk. Trinidad. Purchased.
8. & ad. sk. Roraima, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
t, w. & ad. ; v. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
9 a.d. sk. (Whitely).
w. Ad, sk. Cayenne. Purchased.
a. Ad, sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
lace).
3.81Myiozetetes similis.
Muscicapa similis, Spir, Av. Bras. ii. p. 18, pl. 25.
Muscipeta cayennensis, Lafr, et d’Orb. Syn. Av. i. p. 47; d’Orb. Voy.,
Ois, p. 317.
Tº similis, Hartl. Verz, Mus. Brem. p. 49.
Elaenea miles, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 474,
Myiozetetes similis, Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 61; Sel. Cat. A. B.
p. 219; id. P. Z. S. 1871, pp. 751, 753; Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867,
. 279, et 1879, p. 614; iid. Nomencl. p. 49 ; Finsch, P. Z. S.
1870, p. 569; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 109; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 382
(Para); Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 88; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 342
(Pernambuco). -
Above dark olive-brown; head black; superciliaries white, vertical
crest bright red, more or less tipped with black; wings and tail
blackish; wing-coverts, outer secondaries, and tail-feathers slightly
margined with ochreous white; primaries narrowly bordered with
rufous : beneath bright yellow ; throat white; under wing-coverts
yellow ; inner margins of primaries pale fulvous; bill and feet
black : whole length 6-7 inches, wing 3-6, tail 3. Female
similar.
Płab. S.E. Brazil.
a, b. Ad, sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin–Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
g, h, Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Prov. of Rio Salvin-Godman Coll.
Janeiro, S.E. Brazil (Youds).
t. Ad. sk. Santa Fé, Minas (Rogers). Sclater Coll.
j. 6 ad. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. Ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
l, Ad, sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
ºn. 3 ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.
WOL. XIV. M
162
TYRANNIDAE.
4: Myiozetetes texensis,
Tyrannula cayennensis, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 367 (Mexico).
Tyrannus superciliosus, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 118 (Guatemala)?
Muscicapa texensis, Giraud, B. of Teacas, pl. 1; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855,
. 65.
Elaenia texensis, Sel. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 296.
Elaenia mexicana, Kaup in Mus. Berol, et Hein.
Myiozetetes texensis, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 45, 56, 366, 1864, p. 423,
1871, pp. 751, 753; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 443; Sol, et Salv, Ibis, 1859,
p. 123;Tid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 279, 1870, p. 837, et 1879, p. 513; iid.
Womencl. p. 49; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 62; Lawr. Ann. Lyc.
N. Y. viii. p. 182, et ix. pp. 112, 201; Owen, Ibis, 1861, p. 64;
Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 245; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p.63, et 1883,
p. 447; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 569;
Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. iii. pp. 186, 218, 229, iv. p. 212, v. p. 500,
et vi. pp. 374, 384,402; id. Man. W. A. B. p. 331; Salv. P. Z. S.
1883, p. 423; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 118.
Myiozetetes colombianus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 62; Scl.
P. Z. S. 1860, p. 295, et 1871, p. 751; id. Cat. A. B. p. 219; Heine, J.
f. O. 1861, p. 198; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 328, etix. p. 89; id.
Ibis, 1862, p. 11; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359, et 1867, pp. 148,
279; Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 197; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 569;
Pelz. Orn, Bras. p. 109.
Myiozetetes cayennensis, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 219; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1869, p. 598.
Myiozetetes similis, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 279; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1874, p. 537, et 1877, p. 326; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 276; Berl, et Tacz,
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 90.
Myiozetetes texensis columbianus, Berl, Ibis, 1884, p. 434.
Myiozetetes icterophrys, Heine, J. f. O. 1861, p. 1972
Myiozetetes grandis, Lawr. Proc. Ac. So, Phil, 1871, p. 234 (cf. Sel.
P. Z. S. 1871, p. 753). f }
Similar to M. similis, but generally of smaller dimensions, and
with the back of a brighter olive-brown.
Hab. From Mexico and Central America and South America down
to Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru.
I think it will be ultimately hardly possible to maintain this
species as distinct from M. similis, of which it is merely the northern
form.
d. Ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico. A. Sallé [C.].
b. ? ad. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Acapulco, Mexico (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. S. Mexico. Sclater Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Cozumell., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Ad. sk. Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blan- Salvin-Godman Coll.
caneaua).
j, k. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l, Ad, sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.
ºm. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. Ad, sk. Tactic, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll,
o. Ad, sk. Vera Paz (Constancia). Sclater Coll.
55. MYIOZETETES.
163
Tueñas, Guatemala (Salvin).
SanPedro, Honduras (Whitely).
Costa Rica (Endrès).
Costa Rica (Carmiol).
Costa Rica (Carmiol).
Costa Rica (van Patten).
San José, Costa Rica (Carmiol).
Castillo, Veragua (Arcé).
Chitra, Veragua (Arcé).
Veragua (Arcé).
Panama (MeDeannan).
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama (Chambers).
Bogota.
Bogota.
Sam Estaban,
(Goering),
La Guayra, Venezuela (Wed-
derburn).
Trinidad.
Trinidad.
Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser).
Ecuador (Fraser).
Guayaquil.
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well).
Cosnipata, Southern Peru
(Whitely).
Venezuela
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Durchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Jardine Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Zool. Soc. Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
G. Barclay, Esq.[P.].
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
5.4Myiozetetes granadensis.
Myiozetetes granadensis, Lawr. Ibis, 1862, p. 11 (Panama); id. Ann.
L. N. Y. vii. p. 473, ix. p. 1.12; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 219; id. P. Z.S.
1871, pp. 751,754; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359, 1867, p. 279,
et 1869, p. 598; iid. Womencl. p. 49; Frantz, J. f. O. 1869, p. 307;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 20; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 276; Berl, et Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 556.
Above olive-green; head greyish, front whitish ; sides of head
black; head slightly crested, crest—feathers bright red, tipped with
grey; wings and tail blackish, with slight yellowish margins:
beneath bright yellow; throat white; under wing-coverts pale yellow;
bill and feet black: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-3, tail 29.
Female similar; but vertical spot less apparent.
Plab. Nicaragua, Panama, Columbia, Ecuador, and Peru.
a. Ad, sk.
ð. Ad. sk.
c. Ad, sk.
d. Q ad. sk.
‘e. Ad. sk.
f. G ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h. Ad, sk.
Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt).
Bluefields River (Wickham).
Chiriqui, Veragua (Arcé).
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama (McLeannan).
San Pablo St., Panama (Salvin).
Bogota,
Peru (Whitely).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
M2
164 - TYRANNIDAE.
6. Myiozetetes sulphureus,
Muscicapa Sulphurea, Spiv, Av. Bras, ii. p. 16, pl. 20.
Tyrannula peruviana, Lafr, Rev, Zool. 1853, p. 56,
Myiozetetes sulphureus, Cab, et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 61; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 220; id. P. Z. S. 1871, pp. 751, 754; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 109; Sol, et Salv, Nomencl. p. 49; iid. P. Z. S. 1873, p.279; Tacz.
Orn. Pér. ii. p. 277; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 295 (Br. Guiana).
Tyrannus luggeri, Ridgw. Pr. U. S. N. M. i. p. 481 (cf. Scl. P. Z. S.
1880, p. 28).
Above olive-green ; head grey, with a concealed yellow vertical
crest; sides of head blackish; wings and tail blackish brown,
slightly margined with rufous: beneath bright yellow ; throat and
neck white, obsoletely striated with cinereous; under wing-coverts
pale yellow; bill and feet black: whole length 7-5 inches, wing 4.2,
tail 3:1. Female similar.
Plab. Guiana and Upper Amazonia.
Nearly allied to M. granadensis, but distinguished by its larger
size, longer bill, and yellow crest.
a, d ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruvian Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Bartlett).
b. 3 ad, sk. Chamicuros, Peruvian Amazons, E. Bartlett [C.].
c. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. 6 Q ad. ; Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Ad. sk. (Whitely).
h. Ad. St. Cayenne. Purchased.
7: Myiozetetes luteiventris,
Elaenea luteiyentris, Sel. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 71, et 1859, p. 46.
Myiozetetes luteiventris, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 219; id. P. Z. S. 1871,
pp. 751, 754; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 109; Sol, et Salv. Womencl.
p. 49; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 278.
Above nearly uniform dark brown, with a slight olivaceous tinge
and lighter edgings to the wing-coverts and secondaries; con-
cealed vertical crest orange: beneath yellow, slightly flammulated
with olivaceous on the breast; throat white; under wing-coverts
pale yellow ; bill and feet black: whole length 5-3 inches, wing 3
tail 2-5.
Flab. Guiana and Amazonia.
Immediately distinguishable from the two preceding by its small
size and dark head.
º
a. Ad. Sk, Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
56. RHYNCHOCYCLUs. 165
56. RHYNCHOCYCLUS.
Type.
Cyclorhynchus, Sund, Vet-Ak. Handl. 1835, p. 83
(1886). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. olivaceus.
Rhynchocyclus, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56
(1859). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. flaviventer.
Ramphotrigon, Bp. (1854)* . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * R. ruficauda.
In the typical species of Rhynchocyclus, the much widened and
swollen bill is a very characteristic feature, but, as will be seen on
examination of R. flaviventris, this structure becomes much modified
towards the end of the series. The tarsi are rather feeble and the
wings rather short.
Rhynchocyclus inhabits the forests of the Neotropical Region
from S. Mexico to S. Brazil and Bolivia.
Key to the Species.
A. Wings and tail olivaceous.
a. Bill much widened at base.
a'. Breast olive.
Bill longer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. olivaceus, p. 165.
Bill intermediate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. dequinoctialis, p. 166.
Bill shorter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. brevirostris, p. 166.
b'. Breast fulvous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, fulvipectus, p. 167.
b. Bill moderately wide.
c'. Breast yellowish.
Head lighter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Sulphurescens, p. 168.
Head darker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, peruvianus, p. 169.
d". Breast ashy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. cinereiceps, p. 169.
c. Bill more constricted.
e'. Cap cinereous.
j Throat greyish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. megacephalus, p. 170.
Throat olivaceous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. poliocephalus, p. 171.
f". Cap olive like back.
Belly yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. viridiceps, p. 171.
Belly orange-yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. flaviventris, p. 171.
B. Wings and tail rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12, ruficauda, p. 172.
1. Rhynchocyclus olivaceus.
Platyrhynchus olivaceus, Temm. P. Col. 12, fig. 1; Maa. Beitr. iii.
º
Todus olivaceus, Licht. Doubl. p. 51.
Cyclorhynchus olivaceus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 248; Burm.
Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 503.
Rhynchocyclus olivaceus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56; Sel.
Cat. A. B. p. 220; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 109; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 49.
Above olive-green; wings and tail dark brown; wing-coverts
margined with fulvous; wing- and tail-feathers narrowly edged
with olive-green; beneath cinereous olive; middle of belly and under
* Cf. Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 354.
166 TYRANNIDAE.
wing-coverts pale yellowish; bill above horn-colour, below whitish;
feet brown: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3, tail 2-8. Female
similar.
Hab. South-eastern Brazil.
a, Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin–Godman Coll.
b, c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Brazil. Jardine Coll.
e. Ad. St. Brazil. Sudbury Mus,
2A. Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis.
Cyclorhynchus aequinoctialis, Sol. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 70.
Rhynchocyclus aequinoctialis, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56;
Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 220; id. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359; Sel, et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 49.
Above olive-green ; wings and tail dark brown, edged with olive-
green, which is rather brighter on the coverts and secondaries:
beneath cinereous-Olive, more greyish on the throat; middle of belly
and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; upper mandible dark
horm-colour, lower whitish ; feet pale brown; whole length 6 inches,
wing 2:8, tail 2:3. Female similar.
Hab. Ecuador and Western Colombia, north to Panama.
Nearly allied to R. olivaceus, but apparently without the fulvous
colour on the upper wing-coverts, brighter on the belly, and with a
much shorter tail. In the form of the bill it comes nearer to R.
olivaceus than to the northern R. brevirostris, but is intermediate
between the two.
a, b, c, Qad, sk. Lion Hill Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
(McLeannan). *
c. Ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Chepo, Panama (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Ad, sk. Rio Napo. *. Sclater Coll. (Type
- - * - of the species.
h. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Purchased.
3:*Rhynchocyclus brevirostris.
Cyclorhynchus brevirostris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 249; Sel.
P.Z. S. 1856, p. 296; d. Ibis, 1859, p. 443; Sol. et Salo. Ibis,
1860, p. 399.
Rhynchocyclus brevirostris, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 57; Sel.
Cat, A, B, p. 220; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 49; Salv. P. Z. S.
1867, p. 148, et 1870, p. 197 (Veragua).
* mesorhynchus, Cab. J. f. O. 1865, p. 414 (Guate-
Ill&lä, ).
Rhynchocyclus griseimentalis, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 112
º Rica); Salvin, Ibis, 1869, p. 315; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869,
p. 3Uſ.
. Above uniform olive-green; wings and tail blackish brown, mar-
gined with olive-green; beneath paler; throat tinged with greyish,
56. RIIYNCHOCYCLUs. 167
middle of belly yellow ; under wing-coverts creamy white; upper
mandible dark horn-colour, lower whitish ; feet pale brown ; whole
length 5:5 inches, wing 3, tail. 2:6. Female similar.
Hab. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Chiriqui.
Northern specimens of this form are very easily distinguishable
by the short beak; but this feature becomes less apparent as we
go southwards, and at Panama the species gradually merges into
R. aequinoctialis.
a. Ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico. A. Sallé [C.].
b. Ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Mexico, J. Gould, Esq.
d. & ad. sk. Choctum, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e—g. Ad, sk. Choctum, Guatemala (Salvin & Salvin-Godman Coll.
Godman).
h. 3 ad. sk. La Trinidad, Volcan de Fuego Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salvin).
2. Ad. sk. Irazu district, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Rogers).
j. Ad, sk. Costa Rica (Endrès). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ſº. 3 a.d. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. 3 a.d. sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
m, n. 6 ad, sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
o Ad. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
p. 3 ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. ‘P ad. Sk, Southern slope of the Volc. of Salvin-Godman Coll.
Chiriqui (Arcé).
r. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
4A Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus. (Plate XIII.)
Cyclorhynchus fulvipectus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 92.
Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 220; Sel. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 49; iid P. Z. S. 1879, p. 513; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
. 537, et 1882, p. 20; d. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 279 ; Taoz. et Berl.
P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 90, 116.
Above olive-green; head darker and tinged with fulvous ; wings
blackish brown, margined with fulvous ; tail brown, with slight
olivaceous margins: beneath, throat and breast fulvous ; middle of
belly yellow ; flanks more olivaceous; under wing-coverts pale
yellow ; upper mandible dark horn-colour; lower whitish ; feet dark
brown ; whole length 5-6 inches, wing 3, tail 2:4. Female similar.
Hab. Ecuador and Colombia.
This species is of nearly the same form and size as R. olivaceus
and its allies, but is readily known by its fulvous throat and brown
tail.
a. Ad, sk. Namegal (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b, c. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Jr. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
e. Q ad, sk. Frontino, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
168 TYRANNIDAE.
f. Ad, sk. Frontino, Antioquia, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.
(Salmon).
9. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
5.4 Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens,
|Platyrhynchus sulphurescens, Spiv, Av. Bras, ii. p. 10, pl. 12. f. 1.
Platyrhynchus nuchalis, Maa. Beitr. iii. p. 971. e
Cyclorhynchus sulphurescens, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 249;
Sel. Ibis, 1859, p. 444.
Cyclorhynchus nuchalis, Burm. Syst. Ueb, ii. p. 503. . . .
Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens, Cab, et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56
Sel. Cai. A. B. p. 220; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 578, 751,
1868, p. 168, et 1873, p. 279; iid. Nomencl. p. 49; Lawr. Ann, L.
N. Y. ix. pp. 112, 146; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307; Pelz. Orn.
Bras. p. 109; Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 88; Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p.63;
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 607; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 20; d. Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 280; Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 302; Salv. P. Z. S. 1885,
p. 295 (Brit. Guiana).
Rhynchocyclus flavo-olivaceus, Salv, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148, et 1870,
p. 198 (Veragua). -
Rhynchocyclus marginatus, Lawr. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil, 1868, p. 429
(Panama).
Rhynchocyclus assimilis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 110.
Above olive-green; head washed with cinereous; lores and line
round the eye whitish ; wings blackish brown, margined with
yellowish olive ; tail dark brown, slightly edged with olive-green :
beneath pale sulphur-yellow, tinged with olivaceous; throat more
greyish ; middle of the belly rather brighter; under wing-coverts
pale sulphur-yellow ; upper mandible dark horn-colour, lower
whitish ; feet pale brown : whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2-6,
tail 2-5. Female similar.
Hab. America, from Veragua southwards to South-east Brazil.
This wide-ranging species varies much in different localities, but
after examining a large series, I see no sufficient grounds for
dividing it up.
a. Ad. St. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
b. Ad. sk. Lagoa Santa, S.E. Brazil Sclater Coll.
(Lund).
c. Ad. sk. Erazil. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
e. Ad. sk. Rio Madeira (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
f, g, ‘P ad, sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
h, i. 3 9 a.d. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
j. 6 ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
K. & ad. sk. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
l. Q ad. sk. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
56. RHYNCHOCYCLUs.
169
m, n. 9 ad, sk.
o, p. 3 Q ad. sk.
q, Ad. sk.
r. Ad, sk.
S. Ad. sk.
t. §2 ad. sk.
Q. CŞ ad, sk.
v. Ad. sk.
w, v. Ad. Sk,
$y. Ad. Sk.
2, 3 ad. sk.
a'. 6 a.d. sk.
b'. Ad. sk.
c'. Ad. sk.
d'. Ad, sk.
e'. Ad. sk.
f", g'. 6 @ ad. Sk,
h', ''. & Q ad. sk.
j'. 3 ad. sk.
Carimang river, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Roraima, Br. Guiana (Whitely).
Guiana.
Chamicuros, East Peru (Haua-
well).
Chamicuros, East Peru (Bart-
lett).
Chyavetas, Peruv. Amazons
(Bartlett).
Xeberos, Peruv. Amazons
(Bartlett).
Upper Amazons,
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illing-
worth).
Puerto Cabello, Venezuela
(Goering).
Caripé, Venezuela (Goering).
Bogota.
Santa Marta, U. S. C.
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama (McLeannan).
San Pablo St., Panama (Salvin).
Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé).
Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
~6. Rhynchocyclus peruvianus.
Rhynchocyclus sulphurescens, Tacz, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 326.
Rhynchocyclus peruvianus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537, et 1882,
p. 20; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 281.
Rhynchocyclus peruvianus aequatorialis, Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 556, et 1885, p. 90 (Ecuador).
Similar to R. Sulphurescens, but larger in size, with the head
darker cinereous; brighter on the belly, and with a blackish
auricular spot: whole length 4:8 inches, wing 29, tail 26.
Hab. Peru and Ecuador.
So far as I can tell from examination of the two specimens before
me, this species is entitled to remain distinct.
a, b. 3 SP ad. sk.
. 359, et 1870,
Huambo, Peru (Stolzmann).
Sclater Coll.
7.4 Rhynchocyclus cinereiceps.
Cyclorhynchus cinereiceps, Sel. Ibis, 1859, p. 443; id. P. Z. S. 1859,
p. 384; Scl. et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 399.
Rhynchocyclus cinereiceps, Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 220; Lawr. Ann, L.
N. Y. ix. p. 201; Sel. et Salv. Womencl. p. 49; iid. P. Z. S. 1864,
p. 837; Wehrkorn, J. f. O. 1879, p. 356; Bouc.
. Z. S. 1883, p. 447; Nutting, P. U. S. N. M. v. p. 395.
Rhynchocyclus flavo-olivaceus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 8
(Panama); Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359 (Panama).
Above olive-green ; head cinereous; lores whitish ; wing blackish,
170 TYRANNIDAE. .
margined with yellowish olive; tail dark cinereous, with slight
olivaceous edgings: beneath, breast and throat pale ashy, the latter
with a slight olivaceous tinge; middle of belly and under Wing-
coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; flanks olivaceous; upper mandible
dark horn-colour; lower whitish ; feet pale brown; whole length
5 inches, wing 2:7, tail 2:4. Female similar.
Hab. Central America from Mexico to Panama.
This northern form of R. sulphurescens is recognizable by its grey
head and pale cinereous throat and breast. Mr. Lawrence's type
of R. flavo-olivaceus seems to come nearest to R. cinereiceps.
a. Ad. St. Mexico. Purchased.
b. Ad, sk. Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
c, d. Ad, sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Yucatan (Boucard). Sclater Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Ad, sk. Cajabon, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
h. 6 a.d. sk. Escuintla, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Escuintla, Guatemala (Fraser). Jardine Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. Q ad. sk. Volcan de Agua, above San Salvin-Godman Coll.
Diego (Salvin).
l. Ad, sk. San Pedro, Honduras (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. d ad, sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.
oniol).
n. Q ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o, p. 3 & ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
8. Rhynchocyclus megacephalus.
Tyrannula megacephala, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 47.
Rhynchocyclus megacephalus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56;
Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 221; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 110; Sol. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 49; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 283 (Para).
Above olive-green ; head cinereous; lores whitish ; wings and
tail blackish ; wing-coverts and secondaries margined with yellowiśā;
wing- and tail-feathers slightly edged with olivaceous: beneath, throat
cinereous; breast and flanks washed with olive; middle of belly
and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill dark plumbeous,
paler at the base of the lower mandible; feet dark brown ; whole
length 4:4 inches, wing 2-3, tail 2. Female similar.
Hab. Lower Amazonia, Cayenne and Guiana.
a. Ad, sk. Brazil (Jamrach). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Para (Wallace). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Demerara. Jardine Coll.
d. & ad. sk. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
e, f. 6 S2 ad. Sk, Carimang r., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
g. Ad, Sk, S. America. Purchased.
56. RHYNCHOCYCLUs. 171
~9. Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus.
Rhynchocyclus poliocephalus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 110; Tacz, Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 285.
Rhynchocyclus megacephalus, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 189
(Ucayali), 1867, p. 751 (E. Peru), 1867, p. 978 (Pebas), 1873,
p. 125 (S. Peru) et p. 280 (E. Peru); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 20;
7d, Orn. Pér. ii. p. 283.
Above olive-green; head cinereous; lores whitish ; wings and
tail blackish ; wing-coverts and outer secondaries margined with
yellowish ; rest of wing-feathers and tail-feathers slightly edged with
olivaceous: beneath pale yellowish, tinged with olive, brighter on
the middle of the belly; under wing-coverts yellowish white; bill
plumbeous; base of the lower mandible whitish ; feet dark brown :
whole length 4:5 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1:8. Female similar.
Plab. Peru.
This species seems to differ from R. megacephalus, with which it
was, until recently, united, in the nearly uniform yellowish colouring
of the body below, which extends over the throat and breast. The
bill is also rather wider than in R. megacephalus.
a. Ad, sk. Pebas, Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Juv. sk. Pebas, Peru (Haua well). Sclater Coll. -
c. Ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
d, e. Ad, sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].
f. Ad. Sk. Cosnipata, S. Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. & ad. Sk, Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.
10. Rhynchocyclus viridiceps.
Rhynchocyclus viridiceps, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 280; d.
Nomencl. p. 49; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 282.
Above uniform olive-green, including the head; lores whitish ;
wings and tail blackish ; wing-coverts and outer secondaries mar-
gined externally with yellowish ; rest of wing- and tail-feathers
narrowly edged with olivaceous : beneath yellowish olive; middle
of belly sulphur-yellow ; under wing-coverts yellowish ; bill dark
plumbeous, whitish at the base of the lower mandible ; feet brown :
whole length 4-6 inches, wing 2-2, tail 17.
Pſab. E. Peru.
This small species is distinguished from the two preceding by the
want of any tinge of cinereous on the cap. The bill is rather
broader than in R. megacephalus.
a. Ad, sk. Pebas, Peru (Haua well). Sclater Coll. (Type of
the species.)
11: Rhynchocyclus flaviventris.
Muscipeta flaviventris, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 929.
Cyclorhynchus flaviventer, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1874, i. p. 249; id. in.
Schomb, Guian. iii. p. 700; Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 444,
172 TYRANNIDAE.
Rhynchocyclus flaviventris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56; Scl.
Cat. A. B. p. 221; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 110; Sol. et Salv, Nomencl.
p. 49; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 124; Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 295
(Br. Guiana).
Above bright yellowish olive; wings blackish margined with
yellowish ; tail blackish, slightly edged with olive: beneath dull
sulphur-yellow, brighter on the middle of the belly; under wing-
coverts pale yellow ; bill blackish, lower mandible whitish ; feet pale
brown: whole length 4-3 inches, wing 2:4, tail 2-0. Female
similar.
Hab. Brazil, Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia.
a, b. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
d, e. Ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Guiana. Sclater Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Guiana (Brown). Sclater Coll.
h. Ad, sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll.
3. ‘P ad, sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Goering).
j. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
J. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
l, 9 ad. sk. Arihuica, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7m. & ad. sk. Santa Marta, U.S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.
12. Rhynchocyclus ruficauda.
Platyrhynchus ruficauda, Spia, Av. Bras. ii. p. 9, pl. 11. f. 2.
Cyclorhynchus ruficauda, Sclater, Ibis, 1860, p. 444.
Rhynchocyclus ruficauda, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 221; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 110; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 578, et 1873, p. 280 (E. Peru);
iid. Nomencl. p. 49; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 284; Salv, Ibis, 1885,
p. 295 (Br. Guiana).
Ramphotrigon ruficauda, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 354.
Above olive-green ; wings blackish, broad tips of the wing-
coverts and broad outer margins of primaries and secondaries
bright rufous, whole of tail and upper tail-coverts bright rufous:
below paler olive-green, throat greyish, breast flammulated with
yellow, middle of belly pale yellow, crissum rufous; under wing-
coverts yellowish, inner margins of wing-feathers pale rufous; bill
plumbeous, base of lower mandible whitish ; feet pale brown :
whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-2, tail 29.
Hab. Amazonia and Guiana.
a. Q ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruvian Ama- J. Gould, Esq.
zons (Haua well).
b, c. 6 2 ad. Sk, Chamicuros, Peruv. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Bartlett). -
d. 9 ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peruv. Amazons E. Bartlett [C.].
e. Ad. sk. Para (Wallace). Sclater Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
g. Ad, sk. Demerara. Salyin-Godman Coll.
57. CONopſAs. 173
h, i. 3 Q ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
j, k, d ? ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
l, m. & Q ad sk. Carimang r, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
n, d ad, sk. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
57. CONOPIAS. Type
Conopias, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 62 (1859).. C. trivirgata.
Myiacleptes, Reichenb, Av. Syst. Nat, t. lxvii. (1850) C. trivirgata".
Cephalanius, Bp. (1854) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. trivirgatai.
In Conopias the beak is elongated and compressed, otherwise the
structure is not very different from Elained, but there is no red or
yellow head-spot.
The three species are found in the forests of the northern parts
of South America.
Key to the Species.
A. Superciliary stripe white.
Throat yellow like the belly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. trivirgata, p. 173.
Throat white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. inornata, p. 174.
B. Superciliary stripe yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. cinchoneti, p. 174,
1. Conopias trivirgata.
Muscicapa trivirgata, Maa. Beitr. iii. p. 871 (1831).
Conopias trivirgata, Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 755; Sol. et Salv. Womencl.
p. 50; Salv. Cat. Strickl, Coll. p. 310.
Tyrannula superciliosa, Sw, Orn. Dr. pl. 46 (1841); Burm, Syst.
Ueb. ii. p. 475.
Conopias superciliosus, Cab., et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 62 (note);
Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 221; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 111.
Muscicapa pitangula, Licht, in Mus, Berol.
Above olive-green; head black; long superciliary stripe white;
wings and tail brownish black: beneath yellow, with an olivaceous
tinge on the breast and flanks; under wing-coverts pale yellow ;
bill and feet black: whole length 6 inches, wing 3, tail 2-6.
6
Female similar. T' (2 .
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b, c. Ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll,
d. Ad, sk. Brazil. Purchased.
e. Ad, sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
* Cf. Gray, Cat. of Gen. B. p. 49 (1855).
f Cf. Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 359.
174 TYRANNIDA.
2. Conopias inormata.
Myiozetetes inornatus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 268; Finsch,
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 569.
Conopias inornata, Sel. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 756; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 50; Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll, p. 316.
Like C. inornata, but distinguished by its larger size, white
throat, and brown back.
Hab. Venezuela and Trinidad.
3. Comopias cinchoneti.
Tyrannus cinchoneti, Tsch. Faun. Per. p. 151, pl. viii. fig. 2.
Conopias cinchoneti, Sel. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 756; Scl et Salv, Nomencl.
p. 50; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 285; Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885,
p. 91 (Ecuador).
Above olive-green ; cap and sides of head like the back; front,
superciliaries, and stripe round the nape yellow ; wings and tail
brownish black: beneath yellow ; sides of breast olivaceous; bill
and feet black: whole length 5:5 inches, wing 3-0, tail 2-6.
Hab. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
Readily distinguishable from the two preceding by its yellow
superciliaries. -
a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
6. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
58. PITANGUS.
Type.
Pitangus, Sw, Zool. Journ. iii. p. 165 (1827) . . . . . . . P. Sulphuratus.
Saurophagus, Sw, Fauna Bor-Am., Aves, p. 484 (1831). P. sulphuratus.
Apolites, Sund, K. Vet.-Ak. Handl. 1835, p. 81 (1836) P. sulphuratus.
This is one of the largest and strongest forms among the
Tyrannidae. Pitangus sulphuratus has a long compressed beak
with a formidable terminal hook, moderately long wings, and robust
feet. Some of the other species have their features considerably
modified.
Key to the Species.
A. Under surface yellow.
a. Larger: wing about 45.
a'. Wings margined with rufous.
}\; outer webs of primaries rufous. . 1. derbianus, p. 175.
Margins of outer webs only rufous . . . . 2, sulphuratus, p. 176.
b'. Wings margined with brown . . . . . . . . . . 3, bolivianus, p. 177.
b. Smaller: wing about 3.
c'. Wing-margins and inner webs of pri-
maries rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, lictor, p. 178.
d'. Wing-margins and inner webs of prima-
ries whitish or yellowish.
58. PITANGUs. 175
Bill stronger: throat white . . . . . . . . . . 5. parvus, p. 179.
| Bill weaker: throat yellow . . . . . . . . . . 6. albovittatus, p. 179.
B. Under surface white.
c, Tail-end white.
Flanks white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. caudifasciatus,p,179.
#: yellowish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. bahamensis, p. 180.
d. Tail-end brown,
Back blackish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, taylori, p. 180.
| Back rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, gabbi, p. 180.
1.*Pitangus derbianus.
Tyrannus sulphuratus, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 368 (Mexico).
Saurophagus Sulphuratus, Gambel, Journ. Acad. Philad, ser. 2, i. p. 39.
Saurophagus derbianus, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 44; Cab, et Hein.
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 62.
Pitangus derbianus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 297, et 1859, pp. 45, 56,
366; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 438; id. Cat. A. B. p. 321; id. P. Z. S.
1864, p. 176; Sol, et Salo. Ibis, 1859, p. 120; iid. P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 837; iid. Womencl. p. 50; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 114;
Owen, Ibis, 1861, p. 63; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 307; Salv. et
Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 201; Ridgw. P. U. S. W. M. iii. pp. 185,218,
vi. pp. 374, 384; id. Man. W. A. B. p. 331; Nutting, % U. S. W.
M. v. p. 394; Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 424; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883,
. 448.
sºngw rufipennis, Lafº. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 471 (Caraccas);
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 63.
Pitangus rufipennis, Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 222; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 86
(Trinidad); Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 168 (Venezuela); Wyatt,
Ibis, 1871, p. 333 (Colombia).
Pitangus derbianus rufipennis, Berl, Ibis, 1884, p. 434 (Orinoco).
Saurophagus guatimalensis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 462.
Above brown ; head black, front large ; superciliaries and line
round the nape white ; large vertical crest yellow, tipped with black;
wings and tail brown, margined with bright rufous, the rufous
occupying the whole of the outer webs of the primaries and forming
a conspicuous patch; beneath sulphur-yellow ; throat white; inner
margins of Wing- and tail-feathers rufous ; bill and feet black:
whole length 8:5 inches, wing 4-7, tail 3.5. Female similar.
Hab. Southern Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras, also Colombia,
Wenezuela, and Trinidad.
The southern specimens have the red on the wings still more
developed, and may be regarded as constituting a subspecies, P.
derbianus rufipennis.
a. Subsp. typica.
a. Ad, sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll.
b. ? ad. Sk. Mazatlam, W. Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Mºjº W. Mexico (Bis- Salvin-Godman Coll.
choff).
d. Ad. sk. Acapulco, Mexico (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e—g. ‘p ad, sk. Tomala (Chiapas), Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Sumichrast).
h. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
176
TYRANNIDAE.
*—k. Ad, sk.
!. Q ad, sk.
m. Ad. sk.
m. Ad. sk.
o. 9 ad. sk.
p. Ad, sk.
q. 6 a.d. sk.
r. Ad, sk.
s. Ad, sk.
a. SP ad. Sk.
b. Ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d. 3 ad, sk.
e, f. Ad, sk.
g. Ad. Sk,
h. Ad, sk.
Mugeres I., Yucatan (Gaumer).
Meco I., Yucatan (Gaumer).
Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gaumer).
Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blan-
cameawa).
IBelize, Honduras (Salvin).
San Pedro, Honduras
(Whitely).
Retaluleu, Guatemala (Salvin).
Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin).
S. Gerónimo (Salvin).
b. Subsp. rufipennis.
Santa Marta, U. S. C.
Vallel)upar, Santa Marta, U.S.
C. (Simons).
Bogota.
Caracas, Venezuela (Goering).
Trinidad.
Trinidad.
Trinidad.
2. Pitangus sulphuratus.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Zool, Soc. Coll.
Lanius sulphuratus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 137 (Cayenne).
Tyrannus sulphuratus, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. p. 77, pl. 47.
Saurophagus sulphuratus, Sw, Class. B. ii.
Guian. iii. p. 698; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 44; Lafr, Rev. Zool.
1851, p. 476; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 451.
p. 225; Cab. in Schomb.
“Megarhynchus sulphuratus, Thumb,” Hein, Journ. f. Orn, 1859,
p. 340.
Pitangus sulphuratus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 41 (1841); Sclater, P. Z. S.
1859,
p. 45; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 222; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866,
p. 189, 1867, pp. 578, 751,978, et 1873, p. 280; iid. Nomencl. p. 50;
IIamilton, Ibis, 1871,
p. 304; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 111; id. Ibis,
1873, p. 114; Berl. J. f. O. 1873, p. 261; Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 342;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 20; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 286; Salv. Ibis,
1885, p. 296 (Br. Guiana).
Corvus leucogaster, Bodd, ea. Pl. Enl. 296 (jr.).
Corvus flavus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 373 (jr.).
Tyrannus magnanimus, Vieill. Enc. Méth.
Muscicapa pitangua, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 83
§. 850,
Saurophagus maximiliani, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 63.
Pitangus maximiliani, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 222; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 111; Berl. J. f. O. 1873, p. 260.
Above brown ; head black; front, superciliaries, and line round
the nape white; large vertical crest yellow, tipped with black;
wings and tail brown with rufous margins: beneath sulphur-yellow ;
throat white; under wing-coverts yellow, inner margins of wing—and
tail-feathers pale rufous; bill and feet black: whole length 8 inches,
wing 4-3, tail 3-3. Female similar, but yellow crest perhaps not
so well developed.
Hab. Guiana, Amazonia, and Brazil.
This bird is intermediate between the northern P. derbianus and
58. PITANGUs. 177
the southern P. bolivianus. It has more red on the wings and tail
than the latter, and not so much as the former. The Brazilian form
comes rather nearer to P. bolivianus than the typical form from
Guiana, and may be treated as a subspecies.
4. a. Subsp. typica.
a. Ad, sk. Georgetown, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Brown).
b, c, ad. sk. British Guiana. R. Geogr. Soc. [P.].
d. & ad. ; e, f. 2 Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin–Godman Coll.
ad. sk. (Whitely).
9. Ad. sk. Para (Wallace). Sclater Coll.
h. Ad, sk. Island of Mexiana, Lower Salvin-Godman Coll.
ê e Amazons (Wallace).
2, j. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k, 9 ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
T-b. Subsp. maazimiliani.
a. Ad, sk. Ceará, N. Brazil (Jesse). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Ceará, N. Brazil (Jesse). Sclater Coll.
c, d. Ad, sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e–7. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
A. & ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
2. ‘P ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil (Joy- Salvin-Godman Coll.
726?” ).
7. Ad. sk. Novo * Rio (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. ‘P ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brazil (Joyner).
l, m. Ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
n. Ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
3: Pitangus bolivianus.
Tyrannus sulphuratus, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 304.
Saurophagus bolivianus, Lafr, Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 463.
Saurophagus bellicosus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 64.
Pitangus bellicosus, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 222; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 111;
Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 142, et 1879, p. 614; iid. Nomencl. p. 50;
Berl. J. f. O. 1873, p. 260; Durnf. Ibis, 1877, p. 178; Gibson,
Ibis, 1880, p. 24, et 1885, P; 280; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 607;
Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 200 (Entrerios).
Saurophagus sulphuratus, Burm. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 452.
Pitangus bolivianus, Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr, ges. Orn. 1885, p. 134
(Rio Grande do Sul); Sel. et Huds. Arg, Orm. i. p. 147.
Above brown; head black; front, superciliaries, and line round
the nape white; large vertical crest yellow, tipped with black; Wings
and tail brown, with slight fuscous or rufous margins : beneath
sulphur-yellow; throat white; under wing-coverts yellow ; inner
margins of wing-feathers pale rufous; bill and feet black; whole
length 8:5 inches, wing 4.5, tail 3-7. Female similar, but crest
less developed. o
Hab. Bolivia, Argentine Republic, Uruguay, and South Brazil.
WOL., XIV. N
178 TYRANNIDAE.
It is very difficult to separate some Argentine skins from P. sul-
phuratus macimiliani of S.E., Brazil. In Bolivian examples there
are absolutely no rufous margins to the wing- and tail-feathers.
a, b. Ad, sk. Uruguay. Alan Peel [C].
c. 3 ad, sk. Cosquin, Cordova, Arg, Rep. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(White).
d. & ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Hudson).
e. Q ad. sk. Conchitas, Buenos Ayres Sclater Coll.
(Hudson).
f. Ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Haslehust). Sclater Coll.
g. Ad, sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C].
h. Jr. sk. Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.J.
7. Ad, sk. Buenos Ayres. Sclater Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.
k. Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges {C.],
4+ Pitangus lictor.
Lanius lictor, Licht. Doubl. p. 49. e
Saurophagus lictor, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 246, pl. 62; Cab. in
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 698; Bp. Consp. i. p. 193; Kaup, P. Z. S.
1851, p. 44; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 462; Cab. et Hein. Mus.
Hein. ii. p. 62.
Pitangus lictor, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 327 (Panama); Scl.
Cat. A. B. p. 221; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 359 (Panama),
et 1867, p. 578 (Lower Amazons); iid. Nomencl. p. 50; Salv, Ibis,
1885, p. 296 (Br. Guiana).
Megarhynchus flavus, Thunb., Hein. Journ. f. Orn, 1859, p. 341.
Muscicapa cayennensis, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 846.
Saurophagus pusillus, Sw. An in Menag. p. 284.
Above olive-brown; head black; front, superciliaries, and stripe
round the nape white; crest yellow, tipped with black; wings and
tail blackish brown, slightly margined with rufous : beneath
yellow ; throat white; under wing-coverts yellow ; inner margins
of wing-feathers pale rufous; bill and feet black: whole length 6-5
inches, wing 3-6, tail 28. Female similar.
Hab. Brazil, Amazonia, Guiana, Colombia, and Panama.
a. 3 ad, sk. Matogrosso, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Para (Wallace). Sclater Coll.
d. 9 ad, sk. Island of Mexiana, Lower Ama- Salvin-Godman Coll.
zons (Wallace).
e. Ad, sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
f. Ad, sk. British Guiana. R. Geogr, Soc.
g. 3 a.d. sk. Yguitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
h. Ad, sk. Bogota, Sclater Coll.
2. A d. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll,
k. & ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. Ad, sk. Panama ( #. Sclater Coll.
58. PITANGUS. 179
5:{Pitangus parvus.
Pitangus parvus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 111, 181 (1871); Salv. Cat.
Strickl. Coll, p. 310; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 296 (Br. Guiana).
Above dark olive, slightly mottled with blackish ; head black;
front, Superciliaries, and stripe round the nape white; vertical crest
yellow, tipped with black; wings and tail blackish brown, with
slight whitish edgings: beneath bright yellow ; bill and feet black :
whole length 6 inches, wing 3-3, tail 27. Female similar.
Hab. Interior of Brazil, Lower Amazonia, and Guiana.
At once distinguishable from P. lictor by its wider bill, square
tail, and yellow throat.
a, b, c ad, ; c. Merumé Mts, Brit, Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
9 a.d. sk. (Whitely).
d. 9 ad. sk. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
e, f. 6 Q ad. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk. (Whitely).
g. & ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
h. Q ad. sk. Carimang r., Brit. Guiana Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
2. Ad, sk. Guiana. Sclater Coll.
j. Ad, sk. Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. Ad. Sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
~ 6+Pitangus albovittatus.
Pitangus albovittatus, Lawr. Ibis, 1862, p. 11.
Nearly allied to P. parvus, but bill smaller, throat white, and
back more olivaceous: whole length 5-8 inches, wing 3-2, tail 27.
Hab. Panama.
Mr. Lawrence has kindly sent me the type of this species for
examination. It appears to be quite distinct.
7. Pitangus caudifasciatus.
Tyrannus caudifasciatus, d'Orb, in La Sagra's Cub., Ois. p. 70, pl. 12;
Gosse, B. Jam. p. 177; d. Ill. B. Jam. pl. 44; Cab. Journ. f. Orm.
1855, p. 478; Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 80; Gundl. J. f. O.
1861, p. 328, et 1872, p. 424 (Cuba); Brewer, Proc. Bost. Soc.
N. H. vii. p. 307 (Cuba).
Pitangus caudifasciatus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 76 (Jamaica); id. Cat.
A. B. p. 222; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 50.
Above grey; cap black, with a concealed yellow vertical crest;
wings blackish, wing-coverts and secondaries margined with white;
tail blackish, with a broad basal band occupying only the inner
webs white tinged with yellowish, and a slight apical band whitish :
beneath white ; under wing-coverts and crissum tinged with yellow ;
bill and feet black: whole length 7-5 inches, wing 4, tail 3:3.
Female similar.
Hab. Cuba and Jamaica.
N 2
180 YRANNIDAE,
a. Ad. SK. San Cristobal, Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. 3 ad. sk. Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Sclater Coll.
d. 3 ad, sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Salvin & Salvin-Godman Coll.
Godman).
f. & ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Bryant). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Jamaica (Bryant). * of Dr. Bryant
g. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Osburn). Sclater Coll.
h. Ad, sk. Jamaica (Osburn). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i. Ad, sk. Grand Cayman I. (Richardson). Sclater Coll.
8st Pitangus bahamensis.
Tyrannus caudifasciatus, Bryant, Pr, Bost, S. N. H. vii. p. 108, xi.
p. 66 (Bahamas),
Pitangus bahamensis, Bryant, op. cit. ix. p. 279 (1864); Cory, B. Qf
Baham, p. 102; Ridgw. Man. W. A. B. p. 331.
Similar to P. caudifasciatus, but under wing-coverts, flanks, and
crissum pale lemon-yellow.
Hab. Bahama Islands.
a, Q ad. sk. Nassau, New Providence, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Bahamas (Cory).
94 Ritangus taylori.
Pitangus taylori, Sel, Ibis, 1864, p. 169; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 50.
Tyrannus taylori, Sund, OEfv. Vet.-Akad. Förh. 1862, p. 598; Gundl.
J. f. O. J.878, p. 171; id. Am. Soc. Esp. H. N. vii. p. 193,
Above dark brownish cinereous; cap black, with a concealed
vertical crest of yellow and white; wings blackish, margined with
rufous; outer secondaries bordered externally with whitish ; tail
blackish, outer feathers slightly margined externally with whitish :
beneath white; bill and feet black ; whole length 8-5 inches,
wing 42, tail 3-5. Female similar.
Hab. Porto Rico.
Closely allied to P. caudifasciatus, but distinguished by the ab-
sence of the caudal band and the darker colour above.
a. Ad, sk. Porto Rico (Taylor). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the º
b, c, Ad, sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Porto Rico § Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Mrs. Bryant [P.].
T10+Pitangus gabbi.
Pitangus gabbii, Lawr. Ann. Lyc, Nat. Hist. N. Y., xi. p. 288
(1876); Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi. p. 153 (1881); id. B. of
Haiti and S. Domingo, p. 76 (1885).
Similar to P. taylori, but smaller; back “warm hair-brown in-
59. SIRYSTEs. 181
stead of dusky greyish brown,” and wings and tail edged with
ferruginous.
Hab. St. Domingo.
59. SIRYSTES. Type
Sirystes, Cab, et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 75 (1859) . . . . . . S. jº.
Key to the Species.
A. Rump cinereous like the back. . . . . . . . . . . . 1. sibilator, p. 181.
B. Rump white:
ſº of wing-coverts narrow,
greyish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, albocinereus, p. 181.
ledgings of wing-coverts broad, white 3 albogriseus, p. 182.
1:*Sirystes sibilator.
Pitador, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 135.
Muscicapa sibilator, Vieill. Now, Dict. xxi. p. 457; id. Ene, Méth.
1.
Muscicapa sibilans, Licht. Doubl. p. 54.
Tyrannula sibilans, Hartl. Ind. Az, p. 13.
Nº. sibilans, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 472.
Sirystes sibilator, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 75; Sol. Cat, A. B.
p. 222; , Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 111; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 50;
Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 89; Berl, et Jher. Zeitschr, ges. Orn. 1885,
p. 135 (Rio Grande do Sul).
Above pale cinereous, lighter on the rump and with slight blackish
striations on the back; cap black; wings black; wing-coverts and
outer secondaries broadly edged with cinereous white ; tail black:
beneath pale cinereous; middle of belly, under wing-coverts, and
inner margins of primaries whitish ; bill and feet black: whole
length 7-5 inches, wing 38, tail 3:4. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a, b. 3 Qad, sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brazil (Joyner).
c. 3 a.d. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. Sk, Brazil, Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Brazil. Purchased.
f. Ad. St. Brazil. Purchased.
~2.*Sirystes albocinereus. (Plate XIV.)
Tyrannus sp. inc., Scl. et Salv, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 189,
Sirystes albogriseus, Sol. et Salv, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 280; Tacz. Orn.
Pér, ii. p. 287.
Sirystes albocinereus, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 156.
Above cinereous; rump pure white; cap black; wings black;
wing-coverts slightly edged with cinereous, Outer secondaries mar-
gined with white; tail and upper tail-coverts black: beneath white;
throat and breast tinged with cinereous; under wing-coverts white ;
182 TYRANNIDAE.
inner margins of wing-feathers grey; bill and feet black: whole
length 7 inches, wing 3-9, tail 3:1.
Hab. Colombia, Ecuador, and Upper Amazonia.
a. Ad. Sk, Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Santa Cruz, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [P.].
d. Ad, sk. Upper Amazons (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
e. Q ad. sk. Yguitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
~3.4 Sirystes albogriseus.
Lipaugus albogriseus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 9.
Sirystes albogriseus, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 156.
Above pale cinereous; rump white; cap black; wings black;
wing-coverts and secondaries broadly margined with white; tail
black, with a whitish apical band: beneath white, slightly tinged with
cinereous; crissum and under wing-coverts white ; bill dark brown;
feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 3-6.
Hab. Veragua and Panama.
Distinguishable from S. sibilator by its white rump, and from
S. albocinereus by the broad white margins on the wings.
a, Ad, sk. Veragua. Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i
60. MYIODYNASTES*.
Type.
Myiodynastes, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxviii. p. 657, et Yp
Notes Orn. p. 87 (1854) (cf. Sel. P. Z. S. 1859,
p. 431) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. audax.
Hypermitres, Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 247. . . . . . . . . . M. chrysocephalus.
Key to the Species.
A. Breast and flanks white with black shaft-
spots.
0. Miº of belly yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. luteiventris, p. 183.
b. Middle of belly white.
a". Tail red, with blackish shaft-stripes.
Brighter: breast-spots narrow. ". . . . . . . . 2. nobilis, p. 183.
Darker : breast-spots broad . . . . . . . . . . 3. audav, p. 185.
b'. Tail blackish, margined with red . . . . . . . . 4. Solitarius, p. 185.
B. Breast and flanks yellow.
c. Upper tail-coverts bright rufous . . . . . . . . . . 5. bairdi, p. 186.
* Refer also to Myiodynastes audaw insolens, Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 332.
60. MYIODYNASTEs. 183
d. Upper tail-coverts uniform with back:
| reast duller, slightly flammulated . . . . 6, chrysocephalus, p. 187.
breast clear yellow, not flammulated .. 7, hemichrysus, p. 188.
1+Myiodymastes luteiventris.
Tyrannus audax, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 297 (Mexico).
Myiodynastes luteiventer, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxviii. p. 659, et Not.
Orn. p. 87; Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 75; Selater, P. Z. S.
1859, pp. 43,56, 366, 383, et 1864, p. 176; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 438;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 223; Sclat. et Salv, Ibis, 1859, p. 120; iid.
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837; iid. Nomencl. p. 50; Cab. J. f. O. 1861,
p. 250; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 114; Salv. Ibis, 1872, p. 318;
Taez. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537, et 1882, p. 21; Boucard, P. Z. S.
1878, p. 63, et 1883, p. 448; Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. iii. pp. 186,
218; d. Man. W. A. B. p. 332.
Above pale brownish white, varied by numerous blackish shaft-
spots; head with a concealed crest of bright yellow; wings
blackish, lesser coverts like the back, greater coverts and secondaries
broadly margined with white externally; tail bright ferruginous
red, shafts and adjacent median portions of both webs blackish ;
upper tail-coverts rufous with black shaft-spots: beneath pale
sulphur-yellow; throat white; throat, breast, and sides of belly
with numerous black shaft-spots; bill dark brown, paler at the
base of the lower mandible; feet dark brown; whole length
8 inches, wing 4'4, tail 3-3. Female similar.
Hab. Mexico and Central America down to Costa Rica.
The strong yellow tinge of the belly and under wing-coverts dis-
tinguishes this bird from its more southern representatives.
a, b. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll.
c. 6 a.d. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d—f Ad, sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Ad, sk. Belize, º Honduras (Blanca- Salvin-Godman Coll.
7260.7%. J.
h. Ad, sk. Vera Paz, Q. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
i,j. Ad, sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. Ad, sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq.
l. Ad, sk. Savana of Santo Toribio, Guate- Salvin-Godman Coll.
mala (Salvin).
m. Q ad. sk. Escuintla, Guatemala (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n, Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.
0. Ad, sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Janson). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. 3 a.d. sk. Barranca, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godunan Coll,
q, Q ad, sk. Santa Rosa, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2-Myiodynastes nobilis.
Myiodynastes nobilis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 42, 43,...et 1860,
p. 295; id. Cat. A. B. p. 223; Lawr. Ann, Lyc, N. Y. vii. p. 295,
viii. p. 177, ix, p. 114; Sol, et Salv, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360; Salv.
184 TYRANNIDAE.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148, et 1870, p. 198; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333;
Nutting, P. U. S. W. M. v. p. 394.
Myiodynastes luteiventris, Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 290 P
Myiodynastes audax, Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 303.
Myiodynastes audax nobilis, Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 322.
Above pale rufous, varied by numerous black shaft-spots; head
with a concealed crest of bright yellow ; sides of head black;
wings blackish ; coverts and primaries narrowly edged with rufous;
outer secondaries more broadly edged with white; tail ferrugi-
nous red; shafts and adjacent median portions of both webs blackish ;
upper tail-coverts rufous with black shaft-spots: beneath white,
flanks and crissum washed with pale sulphur-yellow ; breast and
flanks more or less marked with narrow blackish shaft-spots;
under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill brown, base of the
lower mandible pale; feet dark brown: whole length 8 inches,
wing 4-3, tail 3-6. Female similar.
Hab. Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador.
This bird is distinguishable from M. luteiventris by the much
whiter surface below and the very narrow shaft-spots of the breast.
By the latter character it is also separable from M. audaa. It is,
however, merely an intermediate form, and passes into its northern
and Southern representatives at the extremities of its range.
'm, n. 6 2 ad, sk.
(Arcé).
Panama (McLeannan).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
a. 6 ad, sk. Costa Rica. - Tweeddale Coll. \
b—e. Ad, sk. º Nicoya, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.
- rcé).
f. 2 ad, sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. & ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. 6 a.d. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arcé). O. Salvin, Esq.[P.].
2. c ad, sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
j. Ad, sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
k, l. Ad, sk. Chepo, Isthm. of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
o, Q ad. sk. Panama (Hicks). Salvin–Godman Coll.
p. Ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
q. Ad. sk. Panama (Hughes). Sclater Coll.
r—s. Ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll.
t. Ad. sk. Minca, Sierra Nevada of S. Sclater Coll.
Marta (Simons).
w. SP ad. sk. Valle Dupar, U.S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.
v. 92 ad. Sk. Manaure, S. Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Simons). -
w. Ad. sk. Santa Marta, Colombia. Sclater Coll., (Type
of the species.)
a'. Q ad. sk. Frontino, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
$y, d ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon). -
2. Ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
a'. Ad. sk. º Ecuador (Illing- Salvin-Godman Coll.
2007'th).
b', c'. Ad, sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d'. Jr. sk. Salvin-Godman Coll.
60. MYIODYNASTES. 185
3. Myiodynastes audax.
Le Gobe-mouche tacheté de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Enl. 453, fig. 2.
Muscicapa audax, Gm. S. N. i. p. 934.
Tyrannus audax, Vieill. Ene. Méth, p. 846.
Scaphorhynchus audax, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 699.
Megarhynchus audax, Hein. Journ. f. Orn. 1859, p. 342.
Myiodynastes audax, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 45; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 223; Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 74; Taylor, Ibis, 1864,
p. 86; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 112; Sel, et Salv, P.Z. S. 1867, p. 578,
1868, p. 168, 1875, p. 237, et 1879, p. 514; iid. Nomencl. p. 50;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 326; id. Orn. Pár. ii. p. 289; Salv. et
Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 201; Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 303; Salv. Ibis,
1885, p. 296 (Br. Guiana); Taoz. et Berl, P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 91,
114; Ridgw. Man. W. A. B. p. 332.
“Megarhynchus regius, Thunb.,” Hein, Journ. f. Orn, 1859, p. 342.
Above greyish, densely covered with black shaft-spots; head with
a concealed crest of bright yellow ; lores and eye-region black;
wings blackish, primaries slightly margined with rufous; wing-
coverts and secondaries edged with whitish ; tail blackish, with
more or less broad margins both on the inner and outer webs of
bright ferruginous: beneath whitish, slightly tinged with yellowish
on the breast, flanks, and under wing-coverts, and varied, especially
on the breast, upper belly, and flanks, by numerous long blackish
shaft-spots; bill dark brown, pale at the base; feet blackish:
whole length 7-5 inches, wing 4, tail 3:2.
Hab. Venezuela, Guiana, Cayenne, and Amazonia.
Generally similar to M. mobilis, but darker above, with broader
shaft-stripes below, and with more black on each side of the shafts
in the tail-feathers. But the amount of rufous on the tail-feathers
is by no means a constant character.
a. Q ad. Sk. Pilar, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin–Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Tobago (Kirk). Sclater Coll.
d. 9 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
e. Ad. sk. Cayenne (Jelski). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
g. Ad, sk. Barra do Rio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
h. 6 jr. sk. Yguitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
4.*Myiodynastes solitarius.
Chorreado todo, Azar. Apunt. ii. p. 145.
Tº: solitarius, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxv. p. 88; id. Enc. Méth.
. 853.
Tºmº audax, Mar. Beitr. iii. p. 889; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 305.
Scaphorhynchus audax, Tsch, Faun. Per., Aves, p. 149; Hartl. Ind.
Azar. p. 13; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 459.
Myiodynastes solitarius, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 43; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 223; Cab, et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 74; Pelz, Orn, Bras.
186 TYRANNID ZE.
p. 1.12; Sol, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 751,978, 1873, p. 280, et 1879,
p. 615; iid. Womencl. p. 50; Berl. J. f. O. 1873, p. 261; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537, et 1882, p. 20; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 288; Durn-
ford, Ibis, 1877, p. 178, et 1878, p. 60 (rep, Arg); White, P. Z.S.
1882, p. 607 (rep. Arg.); Barrows, Bull, Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 201
(Entrérios); Berl. Zeitschr, yes. Orn, 1885, p. 135 (Rio Grande
do Sul); Sol, et Huds, Arg. Orn. i. p. 150.
Above grey, thickly covered by numerous black shaft-spots;
concealed vertical crest yellow ; lores and sides of the head black,
superciliaries white; wings blackish, primaries slightly edged with
rufous, coverts and secondaries margined externally with greyish
white ; tail blackish, with narrow external margins of ferruginous:
beneath greyish white, with numerous black striations; belly and
under wing-coverts tinged with yellowish and but slightly striated;
bill dark brown, pale at the base ; feet blackish : whole length 7-5
inches, wing 4'4, tail 3:4.
Hab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Buenos Ayres, and occasionally N.
Brazil and British Guiana.
Typical specimens of this form, may easily be separated from
M. audaa' by their darker colour, more densely striated plumage,
both above and below, and by the nearly entirely black tail, with
only the narrow outer margins ferruginous; but intermediate forms
occur which it is almost impossible to arrange Satisfactorily under
either head: for example, one skin from Guiana and others from
Upper Amazonia seem to belong to this form ; others from the same
localities are referable to M. audaa. It would perhaps be better to
consider all the four representatives of this group as only subspecies
of M. audaa'.
5. "Myiodynastes bairdi.
a. Ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
- (Whitely).
d. Ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e—g. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad, sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Janeiro Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Youds).
7. Ad. sk. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, R. H. Wood, Esq.
P.1.
j. 3 ad. sk. Curytiba, Brazil (Natterer). sºdam Coll.
k. Q ad. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. 3 a.d. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin–Godman Coll.
Brazil (Joyner).
m. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
m. Ad, sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C].
Saurophagus bairdi, Gambel, Journ. Ac. Phil. m. s. i. p. 40 (1847).
Tyrannus atrifrons, Sol. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 274.
Myiodynastes atrifrons, Sol. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 43; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 223; Sel, et Salv, Nomencl. p. 50; Salo. Ibis, 1874, p. 324;
60. MYIoDYNASTEs. 187
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, pp. 326, 753, et 1880, p. 203; id. Orn. Pér.
ii. p. 291; Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 122.
Myiodynastes bairdi, Salv, Ibis, 1874, p. 324; Berl, et Tacz, P. Z. S.
1883, p. 556.
Above cinereous brown; head with a bright lemon-yellow vertical
crest ; front and lores black; sides of head behind the eyes blackish;
wings blackish ; outer webs of primaries and inner secondaries bright
rufous, forming a large rufous patch ; lesser wing-eoverts and outer
secondaries margined with buffy white; rump and upper tail-coverts
bright ferruginous; tail bright rufous, lateral feathers with the
shafts and an elongated spot increasing in breadth towards the
apex blackish ; two middle tail-feathers blackish, margined with
pale rufous : beneath pale sulphur-yellow ; throat greyish white;
under wing-coverts yellow like the belly; bill and feet black: whole
length 8 inches, wing 4:6, tail 3.8.
Hab. Western Ecuador and Peru.
a. Ad. sk. Tumbez, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
b. 3 ad. Sk. San Pedro, Peru (Orton). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Guayaquil. Sclater Coll. (Type
of M. atrifrons.)
d. Ad. sk. Guayaquil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Guayaquil. G. Barclay [P.].
f. Ad, sk. Guayaquil. Capt. Kellett & Lieut.
Wood [P.].
g, h. Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illingworth). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. Ad. St. Guayaquil. G. Barclay [P.].
6+ Myiodynastes chrysocephalus.
Scaphorhynchus chrysocephalus, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 12;
id. Fawn, Per., Aves, p. 150, pl. 8. f. 1; Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 5.
Pitangus chrysocephalus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota).
Myiodynastes chrysocephalus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 43, 143, et 1860,
pp. 63, 92; id. Cat. A. B. p. 223; Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 246; Sel.
et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781, 1875, p. 237, 1876, p. 16, et 1879,
p. 514; iid, Nomencl. p. 50; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537, et 1882,
p. ; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 293; Berl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884,
p. 296.
Megarhynchus chrysocephalus, Hein, Journ. f. Orn. 1859, p. 345;
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 65.
Myiodynastes chrysocephalus minor, Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885,
91
p. 91.
Above cinereous; back tinged with olive; head blackish, with a
large vertical crest of bright yellow ; lores and sides of head black :
slight superciliaries and line below the eye white; wings and tail
blackish brown, slightly edged with rufous: beneath, throat white;
abdomen pale yellow, slightly striated with cinereous; under wing-
coverts pale yellow ; inner margins of wing- and tail-feathers pale
rufous ; bill black, base of the lower mandible whitish ; feet
blackish : whole length 7-5 inches, wing 4-1, tail 3-3. Female
188 TYRANNIDAE.
similar, but duller in colour, and yellow crest absent or less deve-
loped.
Hab. Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, and Peru.
This is a smaller bird than M. bairdi and has a broader bill. It
is further distinguishable by the absence of the conspicuous red
rump and of the red patch on the wings.
a, b. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. Ad, sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. 3 ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia, U. S. C. (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
non).
h. Ad. sk. Concordia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
j. Ad. Sk. Bogota. Salvin–Godman Coll.
Å. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
l. Ad, sk. Caracas, Venezuela. D. Dyson [C.].
ºn. 3 ad, sk. San Cristobal, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n. Ad. St. Venezuela. D. Dyson [C].
7. Myiodynastes hemichrysus.
Hypermitres chrysocephalus, Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 246.
Hypermitres hemichrysus, Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 247.
Myiodynastes hemichrysus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 114 (Costa
Rica); Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 50.
Myiodynastes superciliaris, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 470 (Costa
Rica).
Above dark olive-brown; head blackish, with a concealed yellow
vertical crest ; lores and eye-region black; superciliary stripe and
line below the eye white; wings and tail blackish, slightly margined
with rufous : beneath bright sulphur-yellow, whiter on the throat,
and slightly varied with olive on the sides of the breast and flanks;
under wing-coverts pale yellow ; inner margins of wing- and tail-
feathers pale rufous; bill black, pale at the base of the lower man-
dible ; feet dark brown : whole length 7-5 inches, wing 3-9, tail 3:4.
Female similar, but yellow on the crest less developed or wanting.
Hab. Veragua and Costa Rica.
This is the northern form of the preceding species, apparently
always distinguishable by the clearer olive of the body above and
the bright yellow of the belly.
a. G ad.; b. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ad. sk.
c. Q ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
61. MEGARHYNCHUs. 189
Subfamily IV. TYRANNINAE.
The Tyranninae, or typical Tyrants, with which I conclude the
series of Tyrannidae, embrace most of the strongest and largest
members of the family. The bill is generally much more depressed
than in the preceding subfamily, and the gape armed with bristles.
The wings are more or less lengthened and formed for active flight.
The tarsi are mostly long and robust, though this feature varies
much in the different genera.
The Tyranninae, as here arranged (though, as already stated, the
whole systematic order of the present family must be taken as purely
provisional), are distributed all over the Nearctic and Neotropical
Regions. Nearly all the well-known North-American genera of
Tyrannidae (such as Empidonate, Contopus, Myiarchus, and Tyran-
nus) belong to this section; while others (Muscivora, Hirundinea,
Cnipodectes) are purely Neotropical. Blacicus and Lawrencia are
Antillean types of this subfamily.
Indea to the Genera.
61. MEGARHYNCHUS, p. 189. 70. LAWRENCIA, p. 233.
62. MUSCIvor A, p. 191, 71. CoNTOPUS, p. 234.
63. HIRUNDINEA, p. 195. 72. BLACICUs, p. 241.
(64. CNIPODECTEs, p. 197. 73. MYIOCHANES, p. 245.
65. MYIOBIUs, p. 198, 74. MYIARCHUs, p. 246.
66. PyRocKPHALUs, p. 211. 75. EMPIDIAs, p. 264.
67. EMPIDoCHANES, p. 216. 76. EMPIDONOMUs, p. 265.
68. MITREPHANES, p. 218, 77. TYRANNUs, p. 267.
69. EMPIDONAx, p. 221. 78. MILvULUs, p. 267. “,
61. MEGARHYNCHUS.
Type.
Platyrhynchus, Temm. Tabl. Méth. p. 23 (1822) . . . . . . M. pitangua.
Megarhynchus, Thunb. Disq. de genere Megarhyncho *
(1824) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. pitangua.
Scaphorhynchus, Maa. Beitr. iii. p. 982 (1831) . . . . . . M. pitangua.
Megastoma, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 225 (1837) . . . . . . . . . . M. pitangua.
The large and much-flattened bill renders this genus easily
recognizable. The form, under various slight geographical varia-
tions, extends from Mexico to Paraguay.
1. Megarhynchus pitangua.
Tyrannus brasiliensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 402.
Lanius pitangua, Linn. S. N. i. p. 136.
Tyrannus pitangua, Sw, Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 570.
* Wide Heine, J. f. O. 1859, p. 337.
190 TYRANNIDAE.
Tyrannus carnivorus, Vieill. Enc. Méth, p. 847.
Muscicapa pitangua, Licht. Doubl. p. 55.
Scaphorhynchus sulphuratus, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 983.
Megastoma flaviceps, M. ruficeps, et M. atriceps, Sw, An, in Menag.
285.
sºynchus pitangua, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 44; Laf'. Rev.
Zool. 1851, p. 474; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 458.
Megarhynchus pitangua, Hein, J. f.O. 1859, p. 345; Cab, et Hein.
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 64; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 224; Taylor, Ibis, 1864,
p. 86; Pelz. Orn, Bras. p. 1.12; Sel. et Saly. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 578,
et 1868, p. 168; iid. Nomencl. p. 50; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 571;
Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 88; Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63; Salv, et
Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 201, et 1880, p. 125; Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. v.
pp. 394, 500, vi. pp. 374, 893; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 294; Salv.
Ibis, 1885, p. 296.
Scaphorhynchus mexicanus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1851, p. 473; Sel. Ibis,
1859, p. 120.
Megarhynchus mexicanus, Hein. J. f. O. 1859, p. 346; Cab. et Hein.
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 64; Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 246; Sel. Cat. A. B.
p. 224; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360, et 1870, p. 837; Lawr.
Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 182, ix. p. 201; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869,
p. 308; Nehrkorn, J. f. O. 1881, p. 67.
Megarhynchus chrysocephalus, Heine, J. f. O. 1859, p. 345 (nec
Tschudi).
Megarhynchus chrysogaster, Sol. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 281, 295; Sel.
Cat. A. B. p. 224.
Megarhynchus pitangua chrysogaster, Berl. et Tacz, P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 557, et 1885, pp. 91, 122.
Above brown; head black; broad superciliaries, joined by a line
round the nape, white; concealed vertical crest orange or yellow ;
wings and tail blackish brown, with slight rufous or whitish edgings
more or less apparent : beneath bright sulphur-yellow ; throat white;
under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow ; inner margins of wing- and
tail-feathers pale rufous; bill and feet black: whole length 8.5
inches, wing 4-6, tail 3:2. Female similar, but concealed crest
yellow or wanting.
Hab. Southern Mexico, and Central and South America down to
Paraguay.
After examining a large series of specimens of this species, I have
come to the conclusion that they may be all safely united under one
name. It is quite true that in Mexican specimens, as pointed out
by Lafresnaye, the bill is rather longer and not so widened and the
size is smaller; but specimens from intermediate localities show an
intermediate structure, and it is not possible to draw a satisfactory
line of demarcation between the two forms. Nor do I now think
it advisable to keep the form of Western Ecuador, which I formerly
called M. chrysogaster, apart.
a. Ad, sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll.
b. 6 a.d. sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Mexico. J. Gould, Esq.
d. Ad, sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. Ad, sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
62. MUSCIVoßA.
191
g. Ad, sk.
h. Ad. sk.
7. Ad. Sk.
k, l, & 9 ad.
sk
SJK.
m. Ad, sk.
n, Jr. sk.
o. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad, sk.
r. Qad.; S. Ad.
sk.
t. Ad. sk.
w. 6 a.d. sk.
v. Ad. sk.
w. Ad. sk.
a'. 6 a.d. sk.
$y. Ad, sk.
2. SP ad, sk.
a'. Ad. sk.
b'. & ad. sk.
c', d'. 6 @ ad.
sk.
e'. Q ad. sk.
f. 6 ad. sk.
g'. Ad. Sk.
h'. & ad. sk.
'. 6 a.d. sk.
K'. Ad. sk.
!'. 6 a.d. sk.
'm', m'. Ad, sk.
o'. Ad, sk.
p', q', Ad. Sk,
r". Ad. sk.
s'. 6 a.d. sk.
t'. Ad, sk.
Muscivora, Cuv. Tabl. Gén, d. Class, d'An. (1800)
Onychorhynchus, Fischer, Zoognosia, p. 31 (1814)
Muscipeta, Cuv. Regn. An, i. p. 344 (1817)
Todus, Bonn. Enc. Méth. i. p. 268 (1823)
Megalophus, Sw, Class. B. ii. p. 257 (1837)
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Choctum (Salvin).
Barranco-Hondo,
(Salvin).
Volcan de Agua, above San
Diego (Salvin).
Savana Grande (Salvin).
Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala
(Salvin).
Guatemala.
San Pedro, Honduras (Whitely).
Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt).
San José, Costa Rica (Carmiol).
Guatemala
Irazu district, Costa Rica
(Rogers).
Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé).
Chiriqui (Arcé).
Paraiso, Panama (Hughes).
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama (McLeannan).
Santa Marta, U. S. C. (Simons).
Atanques, Santa Marta, U. S. C.
(Simons).
Venezuela (Goering).
Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely).
Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely).
Yguitos, Up. Amazons (Whitely).
Santa Rita, Ecuador (Buckley).
Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser).
Bsmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser).
Quito.
Island of Mexiana, Lower Ama-
zons (Wallace).
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer).
Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil (Joyner).
Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Janeiro
(Youds).
Rio, Brazil.
Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joymer).
Brazil.
62. MUSCIWORA,
tº e s a tº #
* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Sclater Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.

Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll. (Type
of M. chrysogaster.)
Sclater Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
pe.
M. regia.
M. regia.
M. regia.
M. regia.
The highly developed and brilliantly coloured crest at once dis-
tinguishes Muscivora from all its allies.
It is also remarkable for
its elongated and much flattened beak and rather feeble feet.
Four species of the genus range through tropical America from
Southern Mexico to S.E. Brazil.
192 TYRANNIDAE.
Key to the Species.
A. Bill broadened at the base and not so long.
#: transversely striated . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. regia, p. 192.
Breast not striated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Swainsoni, p. 192.
B. Bill much elongated and narrower at the base.
}; dark, olivaceous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. nevicana, p. 193.
Back lighter, rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. occidentalis, p. 194.
1. Muscivora regia.
Tyran hupé de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Enl. 289.
Todus regius, Gm. S. N. i. p. 445.
Platyrhynchus regius, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 843.
Megalophus regius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 183,
Muscivora regia, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 42 (1841); Pelzeln, Sitz, Akad.
Wiss. Wien, xxxi. p. 326; id. Orn. Bras. p. 112 (Rio Brancho);
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 65; Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 45; id. Cat.
A. B. p. 224; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 50; Layard, Ibis, 1873,
p. 383 (Para); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 297 (Brit. Guiana).
Onychorhynchus castelnaudi, Dev. R. Z. 1849, p. 56.
Megalophus castelnaudi, Des Murs, Zool. Voy. Casteln, et Deville, Ois,
55
p. 90.
Muscivora castelnaudi, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 981 (Amazonia),
et 1873, p. 280 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 50; Tacz, Orn. Pér.
ii. p. 295.
Above dark olivaceous brown; elongated and expanded vertical
crest scarlet, tipped with shining purple; wings dark cinereous;
tips of wing-coverts and outer secondaries with slight edgings of
light brown; band across the rump light buff; tail dark ferruginous
brown, lighter at the base: beneath pale ochraceous; throat lighter;
breast and flanks more or less transversely barred with ashy brown;
under wing-coverts pale ochraceous; bill dark brown, pale at the
base of the lower mandible ; feet pale yellowish brown: whole
length 5-6 inches, wing 3-1, tail 2:4. Female similar, but crest
smaller and yellowish.
Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Amazonia.
a, b. 3 ad. sk. Camacusa British Guiana Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Whitely). \
c. Ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. & ad. Sk. Cayenne. J. Gould, Esq.
e. 6 ad, sk. Cayenne. Purchased.
f. 6 a.d. sk. Pebas, Peru (Haua well). Sclater Coll.
g. & ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].
h. Ad, sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.
2: Muscivora swainsoni.
Muscipeta regia, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 944; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 317.
Megalophus regius, Sw, Nat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 145, pl. 15; id. Orn.
Dr. pls. 51, 52; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 504.
Muscivora regia, Burm, Journ. f. Orn. 1853, p. 165.
Muscivoraswainsonii, Pelzeln, Sitz, Akad. Wiss. Wien, xxxi. p. 326;
Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 65; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 224; Sel, et
Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 615 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 50.
62. MUSCIVORA. 193
Above brown; large and expanded crest on the head scarlet,
tipped with brilliant purple; wings blackish ; wing-coverts and
secondaries edged with brown ; rump and tail-feathers bright
ochraceous, with a more or less well-defined blackish band at the end
of the tail-feathers: beneath uniform pale ochraceous, under wing-
coverts similar ; bill—upper mandible pale brown, lower whitish ;
feet pale yellowish brown ; whole length 6 inches, wing 3-3, tail 27.
Female similar, but crest smaller and more yellowish.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
In this species the bill is short as in M. regia, but is different in
form, the edges sloping straight towards the apex and not being
swollen out at the base as in M. regia. Besides this the bird is
larger in size, its back is lighter in colour, and there are no traces
of transverse markings on the breast in adult specimens.
a. 6 a.d. St. South America. Purchased.
b, c. 6 S2 ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin–Godman Coll.
e, f. Ad, sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
3.t Muscivora mexicana.
Muscivora mexicana, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 295, 1858, p. 301, et
1859, pp. 45, 56; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 443; id. Cat. A. B. p. 225; Sel.
et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 124; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360 (Panama), et
1867, p. 148 (Veragua); iid. Nomencl. p. 50; Lawr. Ann. Lyc.
N. Y. vii. pp. 295, 329 (Panama), ix. p. 114 (Costa Rica) et
p. 201 (Yucatan); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica);
Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 198 (Veragua); Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 63
(Costa Rica), et 1883, p. 448 (Yucatan); Salv. et Godm. Ibis,
1879, p. 202 (Colombia); Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. v. p. 396 (Costa
Rica), et vi. p. 402 (Nicaragua).
Above olive-brown with a slight cinereous tint ; large expanded
crest scarlet tipped with deep purple; wings blackish edged with
brown ; wing-coverts slightly spotted with pale fulvous at their
tips; rump light fulvous ; tail similar but rather darker, and with
the ends of the tail-feathers more or less blackish : beneath pale
fulvous ; throat whitish ; breast and flanks more or less darkened
by narrow cross-bands; under wing-coverts and inner webs of
remiges pale fulvous ; bill horn-colour, paler at the base of the lower
mandible; feet pale brown : whole length 6-2 inches, wing 3-3,
tail 2-7. Female similar, but with the crest smaller and yellowish.
Hab. S. Mexico and Central America down to Northern Colombia.
The elongated bill at once distinguishes this species from the two
preceding.
a. 2 ad. st. Central America. Purchased.
b, c. 3 Q ad. sk. British Honduras (Blanca- Salvin-Godman Coll.
neaua).
d, e. dº ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. §2 ad. sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g—i. Q ad. sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
WOL. XIV. U)
TYRANNIDAE.
j. Q ad. sk El Paraiso, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. Q ad. sk Guatemala (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
l. 3 ad, sk Mirabayes, Nicoya, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.
- (Arcé). h
m. Q ad. Sk Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Arcé).
m. Q ad. Sk Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé), Salvin–Godman Coll.
o, Q ad. Sk Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
p. Q ad. Sk Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
q. 3 ad, sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
r. 6 ad, sk. Southern slope, Volcan de Chi- Salvin-Godman Coll.
- riqui (Arcé).
8, 2 ad, sk. Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Arcé).
t; G ad, sk. Paraiso Station, Isthmus of Salvin-Godman Coll.
Panama (Hughes).
w, v. 3 Q ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan).
w, w, 6 @ ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan).
y, z, & Q ad. sk. Manaure, Santa Marta, U. S. C.
(Simons).
Sierra Nevada of Santa Marta,
U.S. C. (Simons).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
a'. 6 ad, sk. Sclater Coll.
4+Muscivora occidentalis. (Plate XV.)
Muscivora occidentalis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 282; id. Cat, A. B.
p. 226; Sel. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 50; Berl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 557, et 1885, p. 121 (Western Ecuador).
Above dark fulvous brown; large expanded crest scarlet, tipped
with bright purple ; wings blackish edged with fulvous ; wing-
coverts slightly spotted with pale fulvous at the tips; rump bright
fulvous; tail uniform pale rufous: below pale fulvous; throat
whitish ; under wing-coverts and margins of inner webs of wing-
feathers pale fulvous; bill—upper mandible horn-colour, lower pale
yellowish; feet pale brown: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3.3,
tail 27. Female similar, but rather smaller and crest yellow.
Hab. Western Ecuador.
This is perhaps the most distinct of the four species of Muscivora,
being immediately recognizable by its generally pale fulvous colour-
ing. The bill is not quite so long as in M. meanicana.
a, b. 3 Q ad, sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
c. 3 ad. sk. Babahoyo (Fraser). Gould Coll.
d. 9 a.d. sk. Dalzar Mts, Ecuador (Illing- Salvin-Godman Coll.
worth).
e, f. 6 a.d. sk. Prov. Loxa, Ecuador (Buckley), Salvin-Godman Coll.
63. HIRUNDINEA. 195
63. HIRUNDINEA,
º 4. Type.
Hirundinea, d'Orb, et Lafº, Syn. Ao. i. £ 46 (1837).... H. biºsa.
Phoneutria, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Wat. t. Ixvii. (1850)* ... H. bellicosa.
This not unappropriately named type is remarkable for its long
Wings and short tarsi. It embraces three distinct species, which
occupy separate geographical areas from Colombia to N. Argentina.
Key to the Species.
A. Rump black like the back.
}: uniform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. ferruginea, p. 195.
Tail with inner webs partly red . . . . . . . . . . 2. Sclateri, p. 195.
B. Rump ferruginous red. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, bellicosa, p. 196.
1. Hirundimea ferruginea.
Todus ferrugineus, Gm. S. W. i. p. 446; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 267.
Hirundinea ferruginea, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 113 (Rio Negro); id. Ibis,
1873, p. 27; Sel. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota); id. Ibis, 1869,
p. 196, pl. v. fig. 2, et 1882, p. 164; Sel. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 51;
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 297 (Brit. Guiana).
Above sooty black; wings and tail black; outer webs of inner
primaries at their bases ferruginous red; beneath dark ferruginous
red ; chin whitish ; under wing-coverts and broad inner margins of
wing-coverts similar but rather paler; bill and feet black whole
length 6-5 inches, wing 44, tail 3:2. Female similar.
Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia.
a, b. 3 Q ad. sk. Roraima, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
c. 2 ad. sk. Twek-quay Mt., Carimang r. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
d. 6 ad. sk. Rio Iganna, N. Brazil (Nat- Sclater Coll.
terer).
2. Hirundinea, sclateri.
Hirundinea bellicosa, Sel, Ibis, 1869, p. 196, t. v. fig. 2; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537.
Myiarchus ferrugineus, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 154,
Hirundinea ferruginea, Sel. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota).
Hirundinea sclateri, Reinh. Fuglef. Camp. Bras. p. 147 (1870);
Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51; Scl. Ibis, 1882, p. 164; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1882, p. 21 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 297.
Above sooty black; wings blackish, with a large ferruginous red
blotch which occupies the greater part of the inner primaries and
adjoining secondaries; tail blackish, basal two thirds of all the
lateral rectrices ferruginous red; beneath dark ferruginous red;
chin whitish ; under Wing-coverts and inner webs of wing-feathers,
except at their tips, similar, but rather brighter; bill and feet black:
whole length 6-5 inches, wing 4-5, tail 3:2. Female similar.
* Cf. Gray, Cat. of Gen. (1855), p. 51.
o 2
196 TYRANNIDAE.
IIab. Colombia, and Peru.
The greater extent of the red on the wing, and the presence of
the same colour on the inner webs of the lateral rectrices at once
distinguish this species from H. ferruginea.
a. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Bogota, U. S. C. Purchased.
3. Hirundinea bellicosa.
Suiriri roxo obscuro, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 129.
Tyrannus bellicosus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict, Xxxv. p. 74; id. Enc. Méth.
. 846.
Hºlies bellicosa, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 314 (Bolivia); Hartl. Ind.
Az. p. 12; Sel, Ibis, 1869, p. 196, et 1882, p. 164; Sel. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 51; Reinhardt, Fugelf. Camp. Bras. p. 144; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537 (C. Peru); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 343 (N.E.
Brazil); White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 607 (Arg. Rep.); Berl. et Jher.
Zeitschr, ges. Orm. 1885, p. 135 (Rio Grande do Sul); Sel, et Huds.
Arg. Orn. i. p. 151.
Muscicapa rupestris, Maa. Reise, i. p. 345.
Platyrhynchus rupestris, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 977.
Hirundinea rupestris, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 113; Sel, Ibis, 1869, p. 198,
pl. v. fig. 3; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 615 (Bolivia).
Muscivora ferruginea, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 505; Euler, J. f. O.
1867, p. 232 (nest).
IPhoneutria ferruginea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 65.
Hirundinea ferruginea, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 225 (excl. syn.). -
Platyrhynchus hirundimaceus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 11, t. 13, fig. 1.
Tº pyrrhophpus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict, xxxx; td. Enc. Méth. 1814,7
. 847. -
Above sooty brown ; wings blackish, with a large ferruginous
red blotch occupying the greater portion of the inner primaries and
secondaries; rump and greater part of the tail-feathers ferruginous
red, apical portion of tail-feathers blackish : beneath ferruginous
red; throat greyish ; under wing-coverts and inner webs of wing-
feathers, except the tips, similar to belly, but brighter; bill and feet
black : whole length 7 inches, wing 4-3, tail 2-2. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Argentina.
The red rump at once distinguishes this species.
a. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll.
b, c. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. & ad. sk. Rio º Goyaz, Brazil (Joy- Salvin–Godman Coll.
726?").
e. 6 a.d. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f, g. 6 Q ad. Sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brazil (Joyner).
h, i. Ad, sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
Jc. Ad. sk. Catamarca, Arg. Rep. (White). Sclater Coll.
l, m. Q ad. sk. Fuente de Andalgala, Catamarca, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Arg. Rep. (White).
7. Ad, sk. Tilotilo, Prov. Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Buckley).
64. CNIPODECTEs. 197
64. CNIPODECTES. Type.
Cnipodectes, Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 281 .... C. subbrunneus.
Bill and foot of Chipodectes.
Of the correct position of this form I am by no means certain.
The bill is shorter and broader than in Hirundinea, and the wings
are short and rounded. The tarsi are rather short.
Cnipodectes extends from Panama to Amazonia.
Rey to the Species.
A. Larger; bill broader. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. subbrunneus, p. 197.
B. Smaller; bill narrower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. minor, p. 197.
1. Cnipodectes subbrunneus. (Plate XVI.)
Cyclorhynchus subbrunneus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 282, 295.
Myiochanes subbrunneus, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 232.
Cnipodectes subbrunneus, Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51 (part.); tºd.
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 281 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 514 (Antioquia); Berl.
et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 118, 123 (Ecuador).
Above olivaceous brown; wings blackish, margined with rufous ;
tail nearly uniform brown, but centres of the webs darker : beneath
cinereous, washed with brown on the breast and flanks; middle of
belly lighter, whitish : under wing-coverts and inner margins of
wing-feathers pale fulvous; bill—upper mandible black, lower
whitish ; feet pale brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 3-4,
tail 3:3.
Hab. Ecuador and Colombia.
a. Ad, sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. 3 ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illingworth). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 3 ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U.S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
2. Cnipodectes minor.
Cnipodectes subbrunneus, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 281.
Chipodectes minor, Sel. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 654; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 294.

198 TYRANNIDAE.
Similar to C. subbrunneus, but smaller, and bill narrower : whole
length 5-7 inches, wing 2:8, tail 25.
Hab. Peru, Ecuador, and Panama.
I am not sure that this form is properly separable from the pre-
ceding, but the difference in size is considerable.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. 6 a.d. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].
c. 3 ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Haua well) Gould Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll
e, d ad. ; Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. *
65. MYIOBIUS. Type
Tyrannula, Sw, Zool. Journ. iii. p. 358 (1827) . . . . . . M. barbatus.
Myiobius, Gray, List of Gen. ed. i. p. 30 (1840) . . . . M. barbatus.
Platyrhynchus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 9 (1825). . . . . . M. barbatus.
Pyrrhomyias, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 66
(1859). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. vieillotides.
Myiophobus, Reichenb. Orn. Syst. Nat. t. lxvii.
(1850). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. naevius.”
This is an extensive gonus embracing upwards of twenty species,
of small size, which extend nearly all over the Neotropical Region.
The bill is rather short and much broadened ; the gape is well
armed with rictal bristles; the wings are rather long, and the tarsi
short. Nearly all the males show a brightly coloured, half-con-
cealed, vertical crest, which is in some cases absent, or differently
coloured in the female.
Key to the Species.
A. Wings not banded; a conspicuous pale
cervine rump-band; tail dark.
a. Breast pale fawn-colour . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. barbatus, p. 199.
b. Breast dark fulvous.
#º bill weaker . . . . . . . . . . 2. Sulphureipygius, p. 200.
Larger; bill stronger . . . . . . . . . . 3. villosus, p. 201.
B. Wings banded or edged; rump-bandmore
or less rufous.
c. Under surface ferruginous; throat
similar.
Back dark olivaceous . . . . . . . . . . 4. cinnamomeus, p. 202.
Back rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. vieillotides, p. 202.
d. Under surface ochraceous.
Throat grey; tail rufous . . . . . . . . 6, erythrurus, p. 203.
Throat ochraceous; tail cinereous .. 7. rufescens, p. 204.
C. Rump bright yellow; wings not banded.
e. Tail rufous, tipped with blackish.
| With a white frontal band . . . . . . 8. ornatus, p. 204.
With two white frontal spots. ... 9. stellatus, p. 204.
* Cf. Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 360.
65. MYIOBIUs. 199
f. Tail wholly rufous.
| Throat olive, like the breast
. phoenicurus, p. 205.
Throat greyish
. aureiventris, p. 205.
s & e º a tº e º e º 'º e s e º 'º
D. Uniform above; no rump-band.
g. Breast not striated, olivaceous.
a'. Upper surface yellowish olive . . . .
b'. Upper surface greenish olive.
Without a white line round the
12. flavicans, p. 205.
13.
14.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * g e s e a s is
eye
With a white line round the eye.
h. Breast not striated, fulvous.
c'. Bill broader; lower surface yellowish.
phoenicomitra, p. 206.
superciliosus, p. 206.
Smaller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15. pulcher, p. 207.
Larger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, bellus, p. 207.
d'. Bill narrower; lower surface ochra-
C&OllS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17. Subochraceus, p. 208.
'. Breast more or less striated.
e'. Wing-bands bright rufous . . . . . . . . 18, roraimae, p. 208.
f". Wing-bands ochraceous.
a". Breast strongly striated. . . . . . . . 19, navius, p. 209.
b". Breast lightly striated.
Crest red. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, crypterythrus, p. 210.
Crest yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21, cryptovanthus, p. 211.
1: Myiobius barbatus.
Le Barbichon de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Enl. 830, fig. 1.
Muscicapa fasciata, Müll. Naturs. Suppl. p. 172 (1776)?
Muscicapa barbata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 933 (1789); Lath. Ind. Orn. i.
. 488.
Mº barbatus, Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 67; Scl. P. Z. S.
1860, pp. 282,295 (Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. p. 225; Lawr. Ann.
Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 328, viii. p. 8 (Panama); Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii.
p. 501; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 113; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 751,
1873; p. 281;-et 1879, p. 514; iid. Womencl. p. 51; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1877, p. 332, et 1882, p. 21; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 298; Tacz. et Berl.
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 118; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 295 (Br. Guiana).
Muscipeta barbata, Sw, Zool. Ill. ii. pl. 116; Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 934.
Platyrhynchus xanthopyglus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 9, pl. 9, fig. 1.
Muscicapa eupogon, Licht. Mus, Berol.
Myiobius xanthopygius, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 465; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 225; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 67; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1866, p. 189; Euler, J. f. O. 1868, p. 185; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 113;
Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 88; Tacz. P.Z. S. 1874, p. 537.
/Myiobius atricaudus, Lawr. Ibis, 1863, p. 183; id. Ann. L. N. Y.
viii. p. 8 (Panama); Scl. et Salv. P.Z. S. 1864, p. 360; Salv.
- P. Z. S. 1870, p. 198 (Veragua).
Whiskered Flycatcher, Lath. G. H. vi. p. 245.
Above olive-green; vertical crest yellow, tipped with olive ;
wings blackish, slightly margined with brownish ; broad band across
the rump pale lemon-yellow ; upper tail-coverts and tail brownish
black: beneath pale fulvous, whiter on the throat; belly pale
lemon-yellow : under tail-coverts fulvous ; under wing-coverts
white; bill dark brown, base of the lower mandible white ; feet
pale brown ; whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2:4. Female
200 TYRANNIDAE.
similar, but rather smaller, and yellow of the crest not so well
developed.
Hab. Cayenne, Guiana, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and
Weragua.
The tail is rather darker in specimens from Panama and Ecuador,
and it is perhaps possible to recognize this form as a subspecies, but
in some specimens from Guiana I find the tail very nearly as dark.
a. Subsp. atricauda.
a. 3 ad, sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
b, c, d ad. ; Panama (McLeanna??). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk.
e. Q ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
f, g. 6 2 ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
h. 6 a.d. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
7. 6 a.d. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
j, k, Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Subsp. typica.
l, m, 6 Q ad, sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
n. Q ad, sk. Camacusa, Br. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
o, p. 3 ad. sk. Roraima, Br. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
6 ad. sk. River Atapurow, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
r. 6 a.d. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
s. Ad. sk. Amazons. I’urchased.
t—w. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin–Godman Coll.
a', y. Ad. Sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
2: Myiobius Sulphureipygius.
Tyrannula sulphureipygia, Sel. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 296.
Myiobius sulphureipygius, Sol. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 465; id. Ibis, 1859,
p. 442, et 1873, p. 373; id. Cat. A. B. p. 226; Sel. et Salv. Ibis,
1860, p. 399; iid. Nomencl. p. 51; Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. viii.
p. 8, ix. p. 114; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148, et 1870, p. 198;
Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 308: Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 402.
$5 Myiobius citinopygius, Čab. et Iſein. Mus. Hein, ii. p. 67.
Myiobius mexicanus, Cab. in Mus. Berol.
Above olive-green : vertical crest bright yellow, tipped with
olive; wings brownish black, slightly margined with brownish ; a
broad band across the rump pale sulphur-yellow ; upper tail-coverts
and tail blackish : beneath brownish fulvous ; throat whitish,
middle of belly yellowish ; under wing-coverts pale fulvous ; bill
brown, base of lower mandible pale ; feet pale brown: whole length
5.2 inches, wing 2.5, tail 2-3. Female similar, but rather smaller
and yellow crest absent or not so well developed.
Ilab. Mexico and Central America down to Chiriqui.
65. MYIOBIUs. 201
This form principally differs from M. barbatus in the darker
fulvous colour of the body below. It is also rather larger in size.
a. Ad. sk. Mexico (Sallé). Sclater Coll. (Type
or the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Cordova, Mexico. A. Sallé [C.].
c. Ad. sk. Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. BritishIIonduras(Blancaneaua). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, d ad, sk. ; f. Sources of Rio de la Passion, Salvin–Godman Coll.
Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin).
g. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.
h. Ad, sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
j, k, Ad. sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
l. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belf). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.
o. 3 a.d. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. 3 ad. sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
q, r, & 9 ad, sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
8 Juv, sk. Chiriqui (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
3+ Myiobius willosus.
Myiobius villosus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 93,465; id. Cat. A. B. p. 226;
Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, pp. 514,615; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 21;
id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 299; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 91,116.
Myiobius xanthopygius, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537.
Above dark olive-green ; vertical crest lemon-yellow, tipped with
olive ; wings blackish, slightly margined with brownish olive;
broad band across the rump pale sulphur-yellow ; upper tail-coverts
and tail dark brownish black : beneath deep fulvous, throat whitish ;
middle of belly yellowish ; under wing-coverts white, tinged with
fulvous; bill dark brown, pale at the base of the lower mandible;
feet brown ; whole length 5 inches, wing 2:7, tail 2:4. Female
similar, but rather smaller, and yellow in crest absent or not so
apparent.
Hab. Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia.
This is a close ally of M. sulphureipygius, and in some cases
difficult to distinguish in plumage; but it appears to be a larger and
stronger bird, with more robust beak, and rictal bristles more
developed.
a. Q ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (One
of the types of the species.)
b. Ad, sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll. (One
of the types of the species.)
c, d. Ad, sk. Ecuador. . Gould, Esq.
e. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Q ad, sk. Frontino, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Q ad, sk. Frontino, U. S. C. T. K. Salmon [C.].
h. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
7. Ad, sk. Bogota. Purchased.
j. Ad. Sk, Tilotilo, Prov, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Buckley).
202 TYRANNIDAE.
4.*Myiobius cinnamomeus.
Muscipeta cinnamomea, d'Orb. et Lafº. Syn., Av. i. p. 49 (1837);
d'Orb. Voy., Ois. t. 34, figs. 1, 2.
Muscipeta vieillotii, d'Orb. Poy., Ois. p. 321.
Myiobius pyrrhopterus, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 289.
Tyrannula pyrrhoptera, Bp. Consp. i. p. 191.
Tyrannula cinnamomea, Selater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149.
Myiobius cinnamomeus, Selater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 554, et 1860, p. 466;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 226; (Lawr. Ann, Lyc, N. Y. vii. pp. 328,472; Sel.
et Salv, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 186, et 1879, pp. 514, 615; iid. Nomencl.
p. 51; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 537, 1879, p. 235, et 1882, p. 21; id.
Orn. Pér. ii. p. 299; Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 91 (Ecuador).
Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 66.
Above dark olive, head rufous ; concealed vertical crest bright
yellow ; wings blackish, edges of coverts and a large patch occupying
the basal portion of the secondaries bright ferruginous red; slight
uropygial band fulvous ; tail blackish brown : beneath deep ferru-
ginous, rather duller on the throat; under wing-coverts and inner
margins of wing-feathers bright rufous; bill and feet black : whole
length 4:8 inches, wing 2:8, tail 2-2. Female similar.
Hab. Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
a. Ad. St. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
b. A d. St. S. America. IPurchased.
c, d. Ad. St. Bogota, U. S. C. J. Gould, Esq.
e, f. Ad, sk. Bogota, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.
g. Ad, sk. Bogota, U. S. C. JPurchased.
h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin–Godman Coll.
7, j. 3 Q ad. sk. Santa Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
/c. Ad, sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
l. 3 ad. sk. Pinipi, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
7m. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m, o. 6 @ ad, sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. Ad, sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
5.ºf Myiobius vieillotides.
Tyrannula vieillotioides, Lafº. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 174.
Myiobius vieillotides, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 466; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 226: Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 168; iid. Nomencl. p. 51;
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (Santa Marta).
Pyrrhomyias heinei, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 66.
Above ferruginous brown ; head darker, with a concealed vertical
crest of bright yellow ; wings blackish brown; tips of coverts and a
large patch occupying the basal portion of the secondaries bright
ferruginous red : tail ferruginous red, with large central blackish
blotches along the shafts which increase towards tho ends: beneath
deep ferruginous red ; under wing-coverts and inner margins of
wing-feathers like the belly but rather brighter; bill and feet
black ; whole length 5 inches, wing 2:8, tail 2:4. Female similar.
65. MYIOBIUs. 203
Hab. Coast of Colombia and Venezuela.
This species is nearly allied to M. cinnamomeus, but distinguishable
by its rufous back and the rufous bases of the tail-feathers.
a. SP ad. sk. San Sebastian, U. S.C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Caripé, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad, ; d. Jr. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela. D. Dyson [C.],
6:f Myiobius erythrurus.
Myiobius erythrurus, Cab. Wiegm, Arch. 1844, i. p. 249, pl. 5. fig. 1;
td. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 701; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 70, et
1860, pp. 295, 466; d. Cat. A. B. p. 226; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y.
vii. p. 472, ix. p. 114; Frantz, J. f. O. 1869, p. 308; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 114; Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 578, 595, 751, et 1873,
pp. 186, 281; iid. Nomencl. p. 51; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 538, et
1882, p. 21; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 301; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148, et
1870, p. 198; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 297 (Br. Guian.); Boucard, P. Z. S.
1878, p. 64; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 557, et 1885, p. 121.
Tyrannula erythrura, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149.
Above greyish olive, lower back and tail bright rufous ; wings
blackish edged with rufous : beneath bright fulvous ; throat greyish;
bill brown, pale at the base of the lower mandible: feet pale whitish
brown ; whole length 3-5 inches, wing 2, tail 1-6. Female similar.
Hab. Guiana, Amazonia, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and
Costa Rica.
The absence of the coloured vertical crest, the small size, and the
pure rufous tail at Once distinguish this species.
a. 6 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
b, c. 3 Q ad, Camacusa, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk.
d. 3 ad, sk. Carimang r, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
e. Ad, sk. Albina, Surinam. C. Bartlett [C].
f. 3 ad, sk. Rio Capim, Pará, Lower Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Wallace).
g. 3 ad, sk. Yguitos, Upper Amazons (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. 6 a.d. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].
7. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f, k. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. Ad, sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.
m, 6 a.d. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
n. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
0. Ad, sk. Bogota. Purchased.
p. Ad, sk. Chepo, Isthm, of Panama (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. Q ad, sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
7. 3 a.d. sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
s, t.d. Qad.sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
204 TYRANNIDAE.
7. Myiobius rufescens.
Myiobius rufescens, Salvad. Att. Soc. It, 1864, p. 152; Sel. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 174, 569; iid. Nomencl. p. 51; Tacz. P. Z.S.
1874, p. 538, 1879, p. 235, et 1880, p. 203; id. Orn. Pér, ii. p. 303.
Myiobius nationi, Sel. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 99, t. xi. ſig. 1.
Above cinereous, slightly mixed with ochraceous, rump ochraceous;
concealed vertical crest yellow or reddish yellow ; terminal spots on
both rows of coverts and external borders of secondaries rufous ;
tail cinereous, with pale tips to the feathers : beneath ochraceous,
paler and more whitish on the throat; under wing-coverts ochra-
ceous; bill blackish, feet brown : whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2-2,
tail 2. Female similar, but crest not so well developed.
Hab. Wostern Peru.
The cinereous back and ochraceous under surface at once dis-
tinguish this species.
a, b, c ad. sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll.
(Types of M. nationi.)
c. 2 ad. sk. Tambo Valley, S.W. Peru Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
8:PMyiobius ornatus.
Tyrannula ornata, Lafº. Rev. Zool. 1853, p. 57; Selater, P. Z. S. 1854,
p. 113, pl. 66, fig. 2.
Myiobius ornatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 466; id. Cat. A. B. p. 226;
Sel. et Sale. Nomencl. p. 51; Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 158; Berl.
et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 557.
Above olive-green, head blackish ; sides of head cinereous; narrow
front white ; concealed vertical crest lemon-yellow ; lores white ;
rump bright sulphur-yellow ; wings blackish brown, slightly edged
with olivaceous; tail at the base rufous, passing into blackish brown
at the end : beneath olive-green, throat passing into cinereous; belly
and Crissum bright sulphur-yellow ; under wing-coverts olivaceous;
inner margins of secondaries whitish ; bill blackish : feet dark
brown : whole length 4.5 inches, wing 2.5, tail 1:8. Female
similar.
Hab. Colombia.
a, b, Ad. St. Bogota. Purchased.
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
f—h. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Ad. Sk. Pasto, Ecuador (Lehmann). Salvin-Godman Coll.
~9. Myiobius stellatus.
Myiobius ornatus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 144 (Ecuador).
Myiobius stellatus, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 158; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.
1883, p. 557, 1884, p. 297, et 1885, pp. 117, 121.
Like M. ornatus but smaller, basal half of the tail yellow, then
65. MYIOBIUS. 205
rufous, apical portion blackish ; edges of secondaries and tertiaries
Somewhat rufescent, abdomen and rump brighter yellow, breast
more yellowish.
Hab. Western Ecuador.
This form appears to me to be barely separable from M. ornatus;
but having only one specimen to judge from, I prefer to state the
points by which Messrs. Berlepsch and Taczanowski (P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 557) think it may be recognized.
a. Ad, sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin–Godman Coll.
10. Myiobius phoenicurus.
Tyrannula phoenicura, Selater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 113, pl. 66. fig. 1.
Myiobius phoenicurus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 70, et 1860, p. 466;
td. Cat. A. B. p. 226; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51; iid. P. Z. S.
1873, p. 186; Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 158; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 538; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 302; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 91
(Ecuador).
Above olive-green; nape and sides of the head cinereous; crown
black, with a concealed vertical crest lemon-yellow ; narrow front
white ; wings blackish, with slight rufous edgings; rump bright
lemon-yellow ; tail chestnut-red : beneath yellowish olive ; throat
cinereous; lower part of the belly bright yellow ; under wing-
coverts pale rufous; bill and feet dark brown : whole length 4-5
inches, wing 2:5, tail 1:8. Female similar.
Hab. Eastern Ecuador.
The pure chestnut-red tail at once distinguishes this form from
the preceding.
a. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Rio Napo. Gould Coll.
c, d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
T-11. Myiobius aureiwentris.
Myiobius aureiventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 782.
Very nearly similar to M. phoenicurus, and apparently only dis-
tinguishable by its rather larger size and very pale greyish, nearly
white throat.
Hab. Southern Peru.
a. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, Teru (Whitely). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. ? ad. ; c. Ad. sk. Cosmipata, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
12.*Myiobius flavicans. (Plate XVII.)
Myiobius flavicans, Selater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 464; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 227; Sol, et Salp. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781, et 1879, p. 514; iid.
Nomencl. p. 51; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 297.
Above yellowish olive ; concealed vertical crest orange or yellow ;
206 TYRANNIDAE.
line round the eye yellowish ; wings dark ashy brown; tips of the
coverts and outer margins of wing-feathers fulvous ; tail ashy
brown, with slight olivaceous edgings: beneath yellowish, brighter
on the middle of the belly and passing into olivaceous on the
flanks; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; inner margins of wing-
feathers fulvous; bill horn-colour; feet brown : whole length 4:8
inches, wing 2-6, tail 2:1. Female similar, but without the con-
cealed orange or yellow crest.
Pſab. Ecuador and Colombia.
This is a very distinct species, at once distinguishable by its
mainly olive and yellow dress. As in other members of the genus,
the crest seems to vary in tint from yellow to orange or reddish.
a. Ad. Sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. Ad, sk. Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d. Ad. Sk. Antioquia, Colombia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Qad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia. Salmon [C.].
f–7, 6 ad. ; j, k, Bogota. Sclater Coll.
Qad. sk.
l. Ad. Sk. Bogota. Purchased.
m. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin–Godman Coll.
m. Ad. St. Aragua, Venezuela. Purchased.
>13. Myiobius phoenicomitra.
Myiobius phoenicomitra, Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 91.
Above olive-green; concealed vertical crest reddish orange:
wings blackish, with slight fulvous edgings to the coverts and
outer secondaries; tail ashy black, with slight olivaceous edgings:
beneath yellowish, brighter on the middle of the belly and more
olivaceous on the breast and flanks; inner margins of wing-feathers
pale fulvous ; bill dark cinereous, lower mandible whitish : feet
pale brown; whole length 4:4 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2-1. Female
similar, but vertical crest absent or less developed.
Hab. Ecuador. -
Apparently separable from M. flavicans by the much greener tint
of the olive above and paler colour below.
a, b. 3 Qad. sk. Mapoto, Ecuador (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimens.)
`Slº. Myiobius superciliosus.
Myiobius superciliosus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 538, et 1882, p. 21.
Myiobius superciliaris, Tacz. Orn. Pér, ii. p. 306.
Above olive-green, with a slight brownish tinge on the lower
back; concealed vertical crest yellow ; slight superciliary mark and
line round the eye yellowish ; wings blackish, slightly edged with
fulvous ; tail dark brown : beneath yellowish, brighter on the
65. MYIOBIUS. 207
middle of the belly; under wing-coverts pale yellow, inner margins
of wing-feathers fulvous ; bill and feet dark brown ; whole length
4.7 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2-2. Female similar, but rather paler
and without the yellow vertical crest.
Hab. Peru.
I have only a single female specimen of this species before me.
It seems to be closely allied to M. flavicans, and I am somewhat
inclined to doubt its real distinctness. M. Taczanowski (Orn. Pér.
ii. p. 307) has pointed out what appear to be the differences.
a. Jr. sk. Cochocho, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll. (Authentic
specimen.)
15. Myiobius pulcher.
Myiobius pulcher, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 464; id. Cat. A. B.
p.227; id. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 100, pl. xi. fig. 2, et 1873, p. 780
Sel. et Salv. Womencl. p. 51; Ridgw. P. U. S. W. M. iv. p. 177;
Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 302.
Above olive, with a yellow tinge ; head darker; concealed vertical
crest bright Orange; wings blackish ; broad edgings of the wing-
coverts and outer margins of external secondaries pale fulvous ; tail
ashy brown : beneath yellowish, passing into fulvous yellow on the
breast; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; inner margins of wing-
feathers pale fulvous ; upper mandible blackish, lower whitish ;
feet pale brown; whole length 3-5 inches, wing 2, tail 1-6. Female
similar, but vertical crest less developed.
Hab. Ecuador and Peru. -
This bird may be recognized by its small size and the conspicuous
bands across the wing-coverts.
a, b. Ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Sclater Coll. (Types
of the species.)
c. Ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Huasampilla, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
16.t Myiobius bellus.
Myiobius bellus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 111; id. Cat. A. B. p. 360;
Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51.
Elainea ferrugineiceps, Pelz. Verh, zool-bot. Ges. Wien, xxxii.
p. 447 (Ecuador).
Above , olive-green, with a slight brownish tinge; head cine-
reous, with a concealed vertical crest of deep orange; wings
blackish ; broad tips of two rows of wing-coverts and external
margins of outer secondaries fulvous ; tail ashy brown: beneath
yellowish, paler on the throat, and passing into fulvous on the
breast ; under wing-coverts pale yellow, inner margins of wing-
feathers fulvous; bill—upper mandible blackish, lower whitish ;
feet blackish: whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2.5, tail 2:1.
Plab. Colombia.
208 TYRANNIDAE.
Very closely allied to M. pulcher, but larger in size, and of a
darker fulvous on the breast.
a, b. Ad. Sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types
of the species.)
c, d. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll.
T17. Myiobius subochraceus.
Myiobius subochraceus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 50.
Above dull olive-green, rather more ochraceous on the rump ;
wings blackish, with broad tips to both rows of coverts and external
margins of secondaries pale fulvous; tail dark cinereous : beneath
bright ochraceous, more yellowish in the middle of the belly; under
wing-coverts pale ochraceous; bill dark brown; feet black: whole
length 4.7inches, wing 2:5, tail 2-6.
Hab. Bolivia.
The specimen described is apparently a female of a third species
of the group of M. pulcher, distinguished by its large size and the
uniform ochraceous colouring below. There is just a faint appear-
ance of bright colour on the crown, so that the male would probably
have a concealed orange crest. The bill is rather narrower and more
elongated than in the two preceding species.
The second specimen (b), which I have temporarily placed here,
is probably the young of a different species. It is more of an
olive-green above, and the form of the bill comes quite close to
M. pulcher.
a. Jr. sk. Tilotilo, Prov, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll.
- (Buckley). (Type of the species.)
b. Jr. sk. Tilotilo, Prov, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Buckley). (Probably different.)
>18. Myiobius roraimae. (Plate XVIII.)
Myiobius roraimae, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 207; Salvin, Ibis,
1885, p. 297. $
Above olive-brown ; head with a concealed reddish crest ; wings
blackish, two broad bars across the wing-coverts and external
margins of Outer secondaries rufous; tail brown : beneath pale yel-
lowish ; breast and sides slightly freckled with cinereous; under
wing-coverts white ; inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamo-
meous; upper mandible brown, lower whitish ; feet dark brown :
whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2-5. Female similar, but red
crest absent or but slightly indicated.
Hab. Interior of British Guiana.
A very distinct species, perhaps most nearly allied to M. wavius,
but larger and of quite a different colour below.
65. MYIOBIUS. 209
a—c. & ad. ; d, e. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
9 a.d. sk. (Whitely). (Types of the species.)
j, g. 6 2 ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
h. & ad. sk. Twek-quey, Carimang r., Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brit. Guiana (Whitely).
19. Myiobius maevius.
Gºuche à poitrine tachetée de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Enl. 574.
g. 3.
Muscicapa naevia, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Eml. p. 34 (1783).
Muscicapa virgata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 948.
Platyrhynchus chrysoceps, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 10, pl. 11. fig. 2.
Muscipeta chrysoceps, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 940.
Muscicapa flammiceps, Temm. Pl. Col. 144, fig. 3 (?).
Myiobius auriceps, Gray in Zool. Voy. ‘Beagle, iii. p. 47.
Mºjº virgata, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 320; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii.
p. 486.
Tyrannula ferruginea, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 53.
Tyrannula chrysoceps, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 49.
Myiobius maevius, Sol. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 466, et 1873, p. 780; id. Cat.
A. B. p. 227; Lawr. Ann. Lyo. N. Y. ix. p. 89; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1866, p. 189, 1868, pp. 138, 142, 168, 1873, pp. 186, 281, 1876,
p. 16, et 1879, pp. 514,615; iid. Womencl. p. 51; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 114; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333; Berl. J. f. O. 1873, p. 259, et
1884, p. 303; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 383; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867,
p. 148, et 1870, p. 198; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 297 (Br. Guian.); Forbes,
Ibis, 1881, p. 343; White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 607; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1882, p. 21; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 305; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges.
Orn. 1885, p. 136 (Rio Grande do Sul); Reinh. Fuglef. Camp.
Bros. p. 142; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 201 (Entrerios);
Sel. et Huds. Arg, Orn. i. p. 151.
Myiophobus maevius, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 69.
Above brown ; lores whitish ; concealed vertical crest red or
yellow; wings blackish, two bands across the coverts and outer
margins of external secondaries pale rufous or fulvous, sometimes
whitish ; tail dark brown : beneath fulvous white; sides of throat,
breast, and flanks more or less distinctly flammulated with brown ;
under wing-coverts pale fulvous ; bill brown, lower mandible
whitish ; feet blackish: whole length 4:7 inches, wing 2:5, tail 2:3.
Female similar, but concealed crest yellow or absent.
Hab. Veragua and South America down to Argentine Republic.
The colour of the crest in this species seems to vary from red to
yellow ; it is not quite evident from marked specimens that this is
sexual, but such is, I suspect, the case.
a. 6 ad, sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. ? ad. sk. Castillo, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Lion Hill Station, Panama Salvin–Godman Coll.
(McLeannan).
d. Jr. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Hughes).
WOL, XIV. P
TYRANNIDAE.
e. Q ad. Sk. Medellin, U.S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g, h, Q ad, sk Venezuela (Goering). Salvin Coll.
8. Q ad, sk. Carúpano, Venezuela (Goe- Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tºng).
j. Ad, sk. Tà. Sclater Coll.
k, l, & ad.; m, Roraima, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
Q ad. sk. (Whitely).
77. 6 ad. Sk, Cayenne (Jelski). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o, d ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.
p. Ad, sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q, r, Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
s. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Berlepsch). Sclater Coll.
t. 3 a.d.; w. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ad. sk. Brazil (Joyner).
v, w. Ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
a. Ad, sk Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
y. Ó ad, sk. Oran, Salta, Arg. Rep. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(White).
2, d ad, sk. Oran, Salta, Arg. Rep. Sclater Coll.
(White).
a'. 6 ad, sk. Buenos Ayres. Zool. Soc. Coll. (Type
of M. auriceps.)
b'. & ad. ; c', d'. Flores, Buenos Aires, Arg, Sclater Coll.
SP ad, sk. Rep. (White).
e'. Ad, sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
T20+Myiobius crypterythrus.
Myiobius crypterythrus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 464; id. Cat. A. B.
p.227; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558, et 1884, p. 297; Tacz.
et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885,
p. 203; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 304.
p. 92; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 326, et 1880,
Above sooty brown; lores whitish ; concealed vertical crest bright
red; wings blackish, two broad bands across the coverts and outer
margins of outer secondaries pale rufous; tail brown : beneath
dirty white; breast obsoletely flammulated with dark cinereous;
under wing-coverts whitish ; bill brown ; feet blackish: whole
length 5 inches, wing 2:5, tail 22. -
Hab. Western Ecuador.
I was inclined at one time to reunite this species to M. naevius;
but Messrs. Taczanowski and Berlepsch hold to its distinctness. It
is certainly much darker above than any specimen of M. naevius, and
much more obsoletely striated below.
a. & ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. 6 a.d. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
c. 3 ad. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
d, e. Ad, sk. Quito, Ecuador. Gould Coll.
66. PYROCEPHALUs. 211
~21:f Myiobius cryptoxanthus.
Myiobius cryptoxanthus, Sol. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 445; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 227; Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 68, 92.
Above sooty brown; vertical crest bright yellow tipped with
brown; wings blackish, two bars across the coverts and Outer mar-
gins of external secondaries pale fulvous ; tail pale brown: below
whitish ; breast obsoletely flammulated with pale cinereous; belly
pale yellowish white; bill brown; feet blackish : whole length
4-5 inches, wing 2-3, tail 2. Female similar, but yellow crest very
slightly indicated.
Pſab. Western Ecuador.
The small size, pure yellow crest, and yellowish belly distingnish
this species. -
a. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. 3 ad. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). | Sclater Coll. (Types
c. 9 a.d. sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). of the species.)
66. PYROCEPHALUS. Ty
€.
Pyrocephalus, Gould, Zool. Voy. “Beagle, iii. p. 44(1841) P. ºneus.
Pyrocephalus comes very close to Myiobius in structural cha-
racters, and is indeed hardly separable except for its slightly longer
and less broadened bill and less developed rictal bristles. But its
bright scarlet plumage renders it easily recognizable. The form
extends from the Southern United States to Argentina and the
Galapagos.
Key to the Species.
A. Head and body below bright scarlet.
a. Female striated on breast.
Smaller; darker above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. rubineus, p. 211.
| Larger ; paler above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. meanicanus, p. 213.
b. Female not striated on breast . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. nanus, p. 214.
B. Plumage uniform dark ashy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, obscurus, p. 215.
1. Pyrocephalus rubineus.
Gobe-mouche rouge hupé, Daub. Pl. Eml. 675, fig. 2.
Muscicapa rubinus, Bodd. Table de Pl, Enl. p. 42.
Muscicapa coronata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 932.
Platyrhynchus coronatus, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 840.
Myiarchus coronatus, Tsch. Fawn. Pér., Orn. p. 155; Cab, in Schomb.
Guian. iii. p. 700.
Pyrocephalus coronatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 188; Burm. J. f. O. 1860,
p. 246 (rep. Arg.); Sternb. J. f. O. 1869, p. 261 (Buenos Ayres).
Pyrocephalus rubineus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 67; Sel. P. Z. S.
1854, p. 113 (Eucador), 1855, p. 149 (Bogota), et 1866, p. 99
(Lima); id. Cat. A. B. p. 227; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 475 (Texas);
Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 189 (Ucayali), 1867, º (Peru),
P
212
TYRANNIDAE.
1868, p. 142 (Conchitas) et p. 175 (Peru), 1873, p. 281, et 1874,
p. 538 (Peru), et 1879, p. 515 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl. p. 51 ;
Pelz. Orn, Bras, p. 114; Hudson, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 808; Tacz,
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 538, 1877, pp. 326,332,752 (Peru), 1879, p. 235,
et 1880, p. 203 (N. Peru); id. Orn, Pér. ii. p. 307; Durnf. Ibis,
1877, p. } 8 (Buenos Ayres); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 202, et
1880, p. 125 (Colombia); Gibson, Ibis, 1880, p. 27 (Buenos Ayres),
et 1885, p. 280; Salv. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 424; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 297
(B. Guiana); Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr, ges, Orm, 1885, p. 136 (Rio
Gr, do Sul); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 201 (Entrerios);
Sel. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i.
p. 152.
Pyrocephalus manus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 46,144 (Ecuador), et 1860,
pp. 282,295 (Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B. p. 228.
Suiriri coronata, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 336. e
Pyrocephalus parvirostris, Gould, Zool. Poy. ‘Beagle, iii. p. 44, pl. vi.;
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 67; Burm. La-Plata Reise, ii.
p. 456.
Muscipeta strigilata, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 900 (Q).
Pyrocephalus strigilatus, Reinh. Fuglef. Camp. Bras, p. 142.
Pyrocephalus rubineus coronatus, Tacz, Orm. Pér. ii. p. 310.
Above very dark cinereous; crested head and body beneath
Scarlet ; bill and feet black: whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2-9,
tail 23. Female. Above paler cinereous, beneath white; breast
striated with cinereous; belly more or less rosy red.
Hab. South America, from Colombia down to Buenos Ayres.
It is in vain, I think, to attempt to make more than one species
out of this widely-spread bird, though specimens from the west coast
are usually smaller.
a. G ad. St.
b. 3 ad. St.
c. 3 a.d. sk.
d. & ad. ; e, f.
9 a.d. sk.
g. 6 a.d. sk.
h, i. 6 ad. ; j.
Q ad. sk.
k. 6 a.d. sk.
l, m, d ad.; n.
Q ad. sk.
o. 9 ad, sk.
p. 3 a.d. sk.
q, c ad, sk.
7, 8, & ad. ; t.
9 a.d. sk.
w. 3 ad. ; v.
d jr. sk.
w. & ad. sk.
ac, d ad, sk.
$y, G ad. sk.
Brit. Guiana (Schomburgk).
Brit. Guiana.
Valle Dupar, Santa Marta
(Simons).
Valencia, U. S. C. (Simons).
Bogota.
Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C.
(Salmon).
Venezuela (Spence).
Trinidad.
Choco Bay, U. S. C.
Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser).
Valley of Chillo, Quito (Ja-
7meson).
Guyaquil.
Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser).
I. of Puna, Ecuador(Buckley).
Intac, Ecuador (Buckley).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Roy. Geogr.Soc. [IP.].
Chev, Schomburgk
[P].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Capt. Kellett & Lieut.
Wood[P].
Sclater Coll.
Jardine Coll.
Capt. Kellett & Lieut.
Wood [P.].
Sclater Coll,
G. Barclay [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
66. PYROCEPHALUs.
213
z. Q ad, sk. Santa Rita, Ecuador (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll.
ley).
a'. 6 a.d. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauwwell). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b'. 6 a.d. sk. River Ucayali (Haurwell). J. Gould, Esq.
c'. 6 a.d. sk. Caterido Valley, S.W. Peru Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
d', t & Q ad. Islay, Peru. H. Whitely [C.].
S}{.
f". Q ad. sk. Islay (Whitely). Tweeddale Coll.
g'. 6 a.d. sk. Tambo Valley, Peru Tweeddale Coll.
(Whitely).
h'. & ad. sk. Payta, Peru (Markham). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2". 6 a.d. sk. Branas, Brazil (Reinhardt). Sclater Coll.
j', k'. 6 º !'. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
& jr. sk.
m". 6 jr. sk. Rio, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
n". & ad. St. Buenos Ayres. C.Darwinſ.C.]. (Type
of P. parvirostris.)
o'. Q ad, sk. Buenos Ayres. C.DarwinſC.]. (Type
of P. parvirostris.)
p" & ad. sk. Buenos Ayres (Haslehust). Salvin-Godman Coll,
q', 'r'. 3 Q ad. La Plata (Hudson). Sclater Coll.
8', t'. 'P ad. sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. Purchased.
w". © ad. sk. Mendoza P Sclater Coll.
v'. 6 jr. sk. Rivedaria, rep. Arg. C. Durnford [C].
w". © ad, sk. Punta Lara, rep. Arg. C. Durnford §
p. 176 (Mexico); id. Ibis, 1859, p. 442; d. Cat. A. B.
2.*Pyrocephalus mexicanus.
Tyrannula coronata, Sw, Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 367 (Mexico).
Pyrocephalus rubineus, Cass. B. Calif. p. 127, pl. 18; Sol. P. Z. S.
1856, p. 296; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 201.
Pyrocephalus mexicanus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1859, pp. 45, 56, 366, et 1864,
. 227;
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 68; Sol, et Salv, Ibis, 1860, p. 399
(Guatemala); iid. Nomencl. p. 51; Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. ix.
p. 201 (N. Yucatan); Bowcard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 448 (Yucatan).
Pyrocephalus rubineus, var. mexicanus, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N.
A. B. ii.
p. 387.
Pyrocephalus rubineus mexicanus, Merrill, P. U. S. N. M. i. p. 141
(Texas); Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 444; Ridgw. P. U. S. N.
M. v. p. 542 (California); id. Man, N. A. B. p. 345.
Above dark cinereous; wings sometimes with slight whitish
edgings; crested head and body beneath scarlet; bill and feet black:
whole length 5-3 inches, wing 3-3, tail2.5. Female. Above cinereous,
with slight whitish edgings to the wings: beneath dirty white,
striated with cinereous on the breast; belly more or less suffused
with rosaceous.
Hab. South California, Mexico, Yucatan, Belize, and Guatemala.
Perhaps hardly more than a subspecies of P. rubinews, but gene-
rally recognizable by its larger size and rather lighter back.
214
TYRANNIDAE.
a, d ad, sk.
b. 3 a.d. sk.
c. 3 ad, sk.
d, e. g. Q ad, St.
f, g, d ? ad, sk.
%. 3 & ad.sk.
j, k d ? ad, sk.
l. 3 a.d. sk.
'm. & ad. Sk.
n. G ad. Sk.
o, ö ad, sk.
p-r, d ad. ; 8.
Q ad. sk.
t. & ad. Sk.
w—z. 3 ad.; a'-c'.
g'. 3 ad. Sk,
h', '', 3 Q ad, sk.
j'. 3 ad, sk.
k'. 3 ad, sk.
Arizona, U. S. A.
La Paz, Lower California
(Forrer).
Fort Yuma, Cal., U. S. A.
Mexico.
North Mexico (Ward).
Mazatlan, W. Mexico (For-
7'07" ).
oº. W. Mexico (Fe-
mochio).
Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca).
Mexico.
Progreso, N. Yucatan (Devis).
Northern Yucatan (Gaumer).
Silam, Yucatan (Gaumer).
Yucatan (Gaumer).
Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gau-
mer).
British Honduras.
Belize, British Honduras
(Blancaneaua).
Santama, Peten (Salvin).
Pine-ridge of Poctum, Gua-
temala.
Pine-ridge of Poctum, Gua-
temala (Salvin).
Guatemala.
3. Pyrocephalus manus.
R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
[P].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
S. Morcom [P.].
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll,
Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
C. Dyson [C.].
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
Pyrocephalus nanus, Gould, in Zool. Voy. “Beagle," iii. p. 45, pl. 7;
Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. ix. p. 201 (N. Yucatan); Sel, et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 323 (Galapagos Is.); iid. Nomencl. p. 51; Sund-
evall, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 125 (Galapagos Is.); Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1877,
p. 66 (Charles Is); Salv. Trans. Z. S. ix. p. 493; id. P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 424 (Galapagos Is.).
Pyrocephalus dubius, Gould, in Zool, Voy, ‘Beagle, iii. p. 46.
Above blackish ; crested head and body beneath scarlet, throat
rather paler; bill and feet black: whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2.5,
tail 2-2.
Female. Above cinereous, wings and tail darker, the
former slightly edged with whitish : beneath white, with a faint
rosy tint.
Hab. Galapagos.
The females of this diminutive insular form show hardly any
or very faint traces of striations on the breast.
a, b. 3 ad, ; c. 92
ad, ; d-g, Jr. sk.
h, i. 3 9 a.d. sk.
Indefatigable Island, Gala-
agos (Habel).
Indefatigable Island, Gala-
pagos (Habel).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
O. Salvin [P.].
66. PYROCEPHALUs.
215
j, 3 ad, ; k, d
jr. sk.
l, m, c ad, sk.
n—r. 92 ad. sk.
8, 6 ad. ; t, u.
dº jr. sk.
v. 3 a.d. sk.
w, v. 3 ad, ; y, z,
SRC.
9 a.d. sk
a'. 3 a.d.; b'—d'.
Q ad. sk.
e'. Q ad, sk.
Pyrocephalus rubineus obscurus, Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii.
Indefatigable Island, Gala-
pagos (Habel).
Charles Island, Galapagos
(Markham).
Charles Island, Galapagos.
Bindloe Island, Galapagos
(Habel).
Galapagos.
Galapagos.
Galapagos.
Galapagos.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Commr. Cookson [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Capt. Kellett and Lt.
ood [P.].
Lt. Burnett and Capt.
Fitzroy [P.].
C. Darwin [P.].
(Types of P. nanus.)
J. Gould, Esq. (Type
of P. dubius.)
4. Pyrocephalus obscurus.
Pyrocephalus obscurus, Gould, in Zool. Voy. Beagle, iii. p. 45
(1841); Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 46, 1864, p. 176 (Mexico), et 1866,
p. 99 (Lima); id. Cat. A. B. p. 228.
p. 311.
Myiarchus atropurpureus, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 156 (1845).
Of a uniform dark cinereous, with occasional slight points of
scarlet in some specimens; belly slightly stained with rosaceous:
whole length 5:5 inches, wing 29, tail 2:3. Female similar, but
not so dark.
Hab. Western Peru.
I should have been inclined to consider this bird only a dark
variety of P. rubinews, but such is not the opinion of those who
have met with it in a state of nature (cf. Jelski, in Tacz. Orn. Pér.
ii. p. 312).
I think there may have been some mistake about
the locality of the single specimen said to be from Mexico.
a. Ad. St.
b. Ad. sk.
c. 3 ad. sk.
d. Q ad. sk.
e. Q ad, sk.
f, g. 69 ad, sk.
h. Ad. sk.
2. Ad, sk.
j. Ad. St.
Lima, Peru.
Lima, Peru (Nation).
Lima, Peru (Jelski).
Callao, Peru (Markham).
Tambo Valley, S.W. Peru
(Whitely).
Tambo Valley, S.W. Peru.
|Peru.
Mexico (?).
Peru (?).
C. Darwin [C.].
(Type of P. obscurus.)
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
H. Whitely [C].
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
E. Wilson, Esq. [P.].
216 TYRANNIDAE.
67. EMPIDOCHANES*. Type.
Empidochanes, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 228 (1862). . . . . . . . E. finiſſist.
Empidochanes is also not far removed from Myiobius, but the bill
is larger and longer, and the rictal bristles are not so much deve-
loped. The species are found in South America from Colombia to
South Brazil.
Key to the Species.
A. Under wing-coverts whitish. .
a, Upper surface umber-brown; wing-bandsferru-
gimous:
base of lower mandible light-coloured ... l. fuscatºs, p. 216.
}. mandible wholly dark . . . . . . . . . . 2. fringillaris, p. 216.
b. Upper surface greyish brown; wing-bands
greyish buff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. arenaceus, p. 217.
B. Under wing-coverts deep ochraceous red : *
belly deep ochraceous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. poecilurus, p. 217.
}; whitish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Salvini, p. 218.
1. Empidochanes fuscatus.
Muscipeta fuscata, Maa. Beitr. iii. p. 902; Burm. Syst. Ueb, ii. p. 487.
Myiobius fuscatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 188.
Empidochanes fuscatus, Ridgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 461; Scl. Ibis, 1887,
p. 65.
Similar to E. fringillaris, but lower mandible with basal half
light-coloured (Ridgway).
Hab. South-east Brazil.
If this species is distinct from E. fringillaris, I am not acquainted
with it.
>~2. Empidochames fringillaris.
Empidochanes olivus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 228 (part) i.
Empidochanes fringillaris, Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 116; Sel. et Salv.
Womencl. p. 51; Ridgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 461; Sclater, Ibis, 1887,
p. 65.
Above umber-brown; lores dark; slight superciliary line whitish ;
wings blackish; tips of greater and lesser coverts, forming two
distinct cross bars, and outer edges of secondaries light ferruginous;
tail dark ashy brown: beneath pale greyish brown, belly yellowish
white; under wing-coverts white; inner margins of wing-feathers
ochraceous; bill dark horm-colour; feet brown; whole length 5-5
inches, wing 2:6, tail 25. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a. 6 ad, sk. Sapitiba, Brazil Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. ? ad. sk. Rio, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. º speci-
mens of E. fringillaris, Pelz.)
* The following species is unknown to me:—Empidochames pacilocercus,
Pelz. Orm. Bras. p. 181, from the interior of Brazil.
t In the Cat. Am. Birds specimens of this species and Empidomaa bimacu-
latus were united under the title Empidochames olivus.
67. EMPIDOCHANES. 217
c. Ad, sk. Santa Catarina, Brazil Sclater Coll.
(Rogers).
d. Ad. sk. Santa Catarina, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Rogers).
e. Ad. Sk, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
j, Ad, sk. S. America. Salvin–Godman Coll.
3. Empidochames arenaceus,
Empidochanes olivus, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 228; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl.
51
p. Ol.
Ochthoeca arenacea, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 20.
Empidochanes arenaceus, Sel. Ibis, 1887, p. 66.
Empidochanes vireoninus, Ridgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 461.
Tyrannula trailli, Jard. Ann. N. H. xx. p. 330 (1847) (Tobago).
Above brown; line in front of the eyes and indistinct super-
ciliaries whitish ; wings and tail dark cinereous brown; tips of
both series of wing-coverts, forming two transverse bands, and
outer margins of secondaries pale ochraceous: beneath pale ashy
brown, lighter on the throat; belly pale yellowish white; under
wing-coverts white; inner margins of wing-feathers pale ochra-
ceous; bill dark horn-colour; feet brown ; whole length 5:5 inches,
wing 2-7, tail 27. Female similar.
Hab. Colombia, Venezuela, and Amazonia.
This form differs from the preceding in its much paler colouring
above, there being much less rufous tint in the brown. There is
also less of the yellowish tinge on the belly. But the two species
are undoubtedly very closely allied, and in some cases hardly to be
distinguished.
a. Ad. sk. Bogota, Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Type of Ochthaca arenacea.)
b. ? ad. sk. Yguitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
c. Ad, sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons (Wal- Sclater Coll.
lace).
d. 6 a.d. sk. wº Lower Amazons (Wal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
lace).
e: G ad, sk. S. Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Tobago (Kirk). Sclater Coll.
g-k. Ad. sk. Tobago (Kirk). Jardine Coll.
!. Ad, sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.
4. Empidochanes poecilurus,
Empidochanes poecilurus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 112; id. Cat, A. B.
p. 360; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 116; Sel, et Salv, Nomencl. p. 51; id.
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 186 (Peru), et 1879, p. 515 (Antioquia); Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 538, et 1879, p. 235; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 314.
Above cinereous, wings blackish; tips of both series of wing-
Coverts and outer margins of external secondaries more or less
ochraceous; tail blackish, greater part of the inner webs of all the
rectrices bright rufous: beneath pale buffy rufous, breast and
flanks more or less overrun with cinereous, under wing-coverts and
218 TYRANNIDAE.
inner margins of wing-feathers pale buffy rufous; bill dark brown;
feet blackish: whole length 5-2 inches, wing 3, tail 2-6. Female
similar.
Hab. Colombia and Peru.
Peruvian specimens of this species have the under surface rather
darker and more rufous, and the red colour on the tail more
extended.
a. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. Sk. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 9 a.d. sk. Tambillo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Cosnipata, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
~5. Empidochames salvini, sp. now.
Empidochanes poecilurus P, Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 298.
Above dark cinereous; wings blackish, with slight paler edgings
to the wing-coverts and external secondaries; tail blackish, with
inner webs of the lateral rectrices sometimes more or less tinged
with rufous: beneath pale cinereous, whitish on the throat and
middle of the belly; crissum and under wing-coverts ochraceous;
bill blackish; feet dark brown: whole length 5-6 inches, wing 2:8,
tail. 2:6. Female similar.
Hab. Venezuela and British Guiana.
An example from Caracas (Levraud) is in the Paris Museum.
Mr. Salvin has not ventured to separate this form from E. poeci-
lurus, and I have some hesitation in doing so. One of the specimens
from Roraima has the rufous colour well developed on the inner
webs of the lateral tail-feathers, and unquestionably shows a tran-
sition towards E. poecilurus. But I think the Roraima bird may
fairly be separated by the cinereous colour below and rather darker
plumage above.
a, b. 3 a.d.; c, d. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
3.01. SR. (Whitely). (Types of the species.)
e, f. 6 a.d. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll,
(Whitely).
68. MITREPHANES. Type
Mitrephorus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. phaeocercus.
Mitrephanes, Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orr. C. vii. p. 55
(1882) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. phaeocercus.
Mitrephanes is a form near to Empidonaw, but with a crested
head, and the bill narrower and more depressed, and the wings and
tail proportionately longer. It is mostly restricted to Central
America from South Mexico to Panama, but one species is said to
occur in Peru.
68. MITREPBANES. 219
Key to the Species.
A. Head slightly crested, not black; outer
web of outer tail-feather uniform.
a. Belly dark chestnut-brown like the breast. 1. phoocercus, p. 219.
b. Belly light ochreous,
a'. Throat uniform with breast :
larger; greenish above . . . . . . . . . . 2. aurantúventris, p. 219.
Smaller; not greenish above. . . . . . 3. ochraceiventris, p. 220.
b'. Throat whitish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Capitalis, p. 220.
B. Head not crested, black; outer web of outer
tail-feather white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. atriceps, p. 220.
1:f Mitrephanes phaeocercus.
Mitrephorus phaeocercus, Selater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 44; id. Ibis, 1859,
p. 442, pl. 14, fig. 2; id. Cat. A. B. p. 228; Sel. et Salv. Ibis, 1859,
p. 122; iid. Nomencl. p. 51.
Mitrephanes phaeocercus, Coues, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. vii. p. 55.
Above dusky olive, front and sides of head rufous; crest darker,
wings and tail blackish brown, tips of wing-coverts, forming two
bands, and outer margins of external secondaries ochreous: beneath
dark chestnut-brown, middle of belly and crissum yellowish ; under
wing-coverts like the breast; upper mandible dark, lower whitish ;
feet horn-colour: whole length 4:8 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2:4. Female
similar.
Hab. Southern Mexico and Guatemala.
a, b. Ad. St. Mexico. Purchased.
c. Ad, sk. Cordova, Mexico (Sallé). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
d. Ad, sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin–Godman Coll.
e, f. 6 jr. sk. Ciudad Durango, Mexico Salvin–Godman Coll.
et ad. sk. (Forrer).
g. Ad, sk. Jalapa, Mexico (Höge). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. 3 ad. sk. Oaxaca, W. Mexico (Fenochio). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. & ad. sk. Mexico. J. Gould, Esq.
j. Ad, sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
k. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
l, m, 3 ad, sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego Salvin-Godman Coll.
Guatemala (Salvin).
m, o. 6 @ ad, sk. Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salvin).
p. Ad, sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq.
~2. Mitrephanes aurantiiventris.
Mitrephorus aurantiiventris, Lawrence, Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 173
(Costa Rica); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64.
Above olive-green, head slightly crested, rather darker, and
rufescent on the lores and cheeks; wings and tail blackish ; wing-
coverts tipped, and external secondaries edged with ochreous or
whitish : beneath chestnut-brown, passing into ochraceous yellow on
220 TYRANNIDAE.
the belly; under wing-coverts like the breast ; upper mandible
dark, lower yellowish; feet dark horn-colour: whole length 48
inches, wing 2-6, tail 2:3. Female similar.
Hab. Costa Rica and Veragua.
This is a closely allied southern representative of M. phaeocerous,
differing in the more greenish back, less rufous head, and yellowish
belly.
a. Ad, sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b, c. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Sclater Coll.
e. Q Ad. sk. Barranca, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.
miol).
f. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
g-i, Jr. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ſº. 6 ad. sk. Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l, m, 6 ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n. & ad. ; o. Ad. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
sk.
~3.4 Mitrephanes ochraceiventris.
Mitrephorus ochraceiventris, Cab. J. f. O. 1873, p. 320; Tacº.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 538; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 315.
Like M. aurantiventris, but smaller, not green above, and much
brighter on the under surface. (Cabanis.)
Hab. Central Peru.
This species I have not yet met with.
4+ Mitrephanes capitalis.
Myiobius capitalis, Salvin, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 583 (Costa Rica);
Lawr. Ann. Lye, N. Y. ix. p. 114; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 308;
Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 51.
Mitrephanes capitalis, Ridgw. P. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 403 (Nicaragua).
Above olive-green ; head slightly crested, cinereous; lores whitish ;
wings and tail dark ashy, tips of wing-coverts and outer margins of
external secondaries rufous : beneath, throat whitish, breast dark
ochraceous brown, belly and under wing-coverts yellow ; bill dark
horn-colour; feet pale brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2-4,
tail 2-2.
Plab. Costa Rica.
A very distinct species, hitherto only known from the typical
specimen. It may perhaps, as Mr. Ridgway suggests, be best
placed in this genus, but has shorter wings and a larger beak than
M. phaeocercus.
a. Ad, sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Type of the species.)
5* Mitrephanes atriceps.
Empidonax atriceps, Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 198 (Veragua); Sol, et
Salv. Womencl. p. 52.
69. EMPIDONAx. 221
Mitrephanes atriceps, Ridgw. Pr. U. S. N. M. vi. p. 413; id. Ibis,
1886, p. 461.
Above fuscous olive, whole head deep black; ring round the eye
white; wings and tail blackish, wing-coverts and margins of
external secondaries slightly edged with whitish ; outer web of
outer tail-feather white : beneath pale cinereous with an ochraceous
tinge, throat and middle of the belly paler; under wing-coverts and
inner margins of the wing-feathers whitish ; upper mandible blackish,
lower whitish ; feet black: whole length 4 inches, wing 2:2, tail 2.
Female similar.
Hab. Costa Rica and Weragua.
A very distinct species, easily recognizable by its black head and
the white outer web of the external pair of rectrices.
a. Ad. sk. Irazu district, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b, c, Ad, sk. Southern slope of the Volcan de Salvin-Godman Coll.
Chiriqui (Arce). (Types of the species.)
69. EMIPIDONAX. Type
Empidomax, Cab. J. f. O. 1855, p. 480. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. pusillus.
“Tarsus lengthened, considerably longer than the bill, and ex-
ceeding the middle toe, which is decidedly longer than the hind toe.
Tail very slightly forked, even or rounded, a little shorter only
than the wings, which are considerably rounded; the first primary
much shorter than the fourth. Head moderately crested. Colour
olivaceous above, yellowish beneath, throat generally grey.” (N. A.
B. ii. p. 362.)
In this and the succeeding genera I have followed the arrange-
ment and borrowed the words of the Ornithologists of the United
States as closely as possible. They have had much better oppor-
tunities of studying these difficult birds, and I am quite content to
follow in their wake.
Mr. Ridgway has been kind enough to examine for me and correct
the determinations of the whole of my series of the genus Empidomaa,
and I have kept closely to his views”.
Empidomaa is most abundant in North and Central America, but
also extends through South America to Argentina.
Key to the Species.
A. Width of bill at nostrils decidedly greater
than half the length of the exposed
culmen.
a. Lower surface deep buff . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. fulvifrons, p. 222.
b. Lower surface whitish or yellowish.
a'. Upper surface umber-brown.
a". Flanks and crissum buff . . . . . . . . 2. albigularis, p. 223.
* See his paper on Empidonaw, Ibis, 1886, p. 461.
222 TYRANNIDAE.
b". Flanks and crissum whitish.
Larger; browner above . . . . . . . . 3. bimaculatus, p. 224.
Smaller; more olivaceous above. . 4. oliva, p. 224.
b'. Upper surface olive, olive-greenish, or
greyish.
c". Lower surface not distinctly yel-
lowish.
a”. First quill shorter than ninth .. 5, griseipectus, p. 225.
b'. First quill longer than seventh.
a'. Tail even or slightly rounded;
size larger.
a”. Outer web of outer rectrix
not paler:
less olivaceous above, and
less yellowish beneath 6, pusillus, p. 225.
more olivaceous above
and more yellowish
U beneath . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. trailli, p. 226.
b%. Outer web of outer rectrix
abruptly pale . . . . . . . . . . 8. ridgway', p. 227.
b". Tail slightly emarginate; size
smaller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. minimus, p. 227.
c". First quill equal to or longer than
s & e º e º 'º e º a º e º 'º e º a º e º 'º e 10. acadicus, p. 228.
d'. Lower surface distinctly yellowish.
c. Under wing-coverts pale buff 11. difficilis, p. 229.
d'. Under wing-coverts yellowish
white.
cº. Wing-bands not darker than
lower surface . . . . . . . . . . 12, flaviventris, p. 230.
d”. Wing-bands darker than
lower surface.
a". Above dull olive . . . . . . 13. bairdi, p. 230.
b°. Above bright olive :
beneath greenish yel-
low. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. Salvini, p. 231.
beneath bright yellow, 15, flavescens, p. 231.
B. Width of bill at nostrils less than half the
length of the exposed culmen.
c. Outer web of outer tail-feather not ab-
ruptly paler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, hammondi, p. 232.
d. Outer web of outer tail-feather abruptly
paler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17, obscurus, p. 232.
1:#Empidonax fulvifrons.
Muscicapa fulvifrons, Giraud, B. of Teacas, pl. 2. fig, 2.
Empidonax fulvifrons, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 30I; Ridgway, Ibis,
1886, p. 462; id. Man, N. A. B. p. 344.
Mitrephorus fulvifrons, Selater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 45; id. Ibis, 1859,
p. 442; id. Cat. A. B. p. 228.
Empidomax rubicundus, Cub. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 70.
Empidonax fulvifrons rubicundus, Ridgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 463; id. Man.
N. A. B. p. 345.
Mitrephorus pallescens, Coues, Pr. Ac. So, Phil, 1866, p. 63(Arizona).
Mitrephanes fulvifrons pallescens, Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 443.
69. EMPIDONAX. 223
Mitrephorus fulvifrons, var, pallescens, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A.
B. ii. p. 386.
Empidonax fulvifrons pallescens, Ridgw. P. U. S. W. M. iii. p. 218.
Empidonax pygmaeus, Coues, Ibis, 1865, p. 537 (Arizona).
Empidonax fulvifrons pygmaeus, Ridgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 463; id. Man.
N. A. B. p. 345.
Above dull cinereous brown, with a slight fulvous tinge, rather
darker on the head; front, lores, and cheeks fulvous; wings blackish,
tips of both rows of coverts and outer margins of external secondaries
pale fulvous; tail dark cinereous, outer web of external rectrix
whitish : beneath deep ochraceous; upper mandible dark, lower
whitish ; feet black : whole length 4:5 inches, wing 2.5, tail 2.
Female similar.
Hab. Mexico and Arizona.
Mr. Ridgway separates this species into two subspecies—M. ful-
wifrons rubicundus, from Southern Mexico, and M. fulvifrons pyg-
maeus, from North-western Mexico and Arizona, which is said to be
smaller and paler below; but the differences do not seem to be
material, and I am not able to realize them in the specimens
before me.
a, b. Ad, sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Mexico. A. Sallé [C.].
e. Ad. Sk, Quezaltenango, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salvin).
f. Ad, sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2."Empidomax albigularis.
Empidonax albigularis, Sel, et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122; iid P. Z. S.
1864, p. 360 (Panama); tid. Nomencl. p. 52; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 229;
Ridgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 463; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 340.
Empidonax axillaris, Ridgw. W. A. B. ii. p. 363; Salv, Ibis, 1874,
p. 309.
Above umber-brown; wings blackish, tips of both rows of wing-
coverts and outer margins of external secondaries dull brownish
buff; tail dark ashy brown : beneath pale Smoky buff, breast ashy
brown, throat white; under wing-coverts ochraceous; upper man-
dible dark, lower whitish : whole length 4:8 inches, wing 2-3,
tail 2-2. Female similar.
Hab. Mexico, Guatemala, and Panama.
This is a very distinct species, easily recognized by its white
throat and brown colour above,
~
a. Ad, sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Type of the species.)
d. Ad. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. 6 ad, sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Fraser). Sclater Coll,
g. Q ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
224 TYRANNIDAE.
3." Empidomax bimaculatus.
Muscipeta bimaculata, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 48 (1887); d'Or",
Voy., Ois. p. 320.
Empidonax bimaculatus, Sel, Ibis, 1887, p. 65; Sel, et Huds. Ary.
Orn. i. p. 155.
Empidochanes fuscatus, Sel, et Salo. Nomencl. p. 51; iid P. Z. S.
1867, p. 978, et 1872, p. 281 (E. Peru).
Empidochames euleri, Cab. J. f. O. 1868, p. 195; Reinh. Fuglef.
Camp. Bras. p. 142.
Empidonax brunneus, Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 363 (1874); id. Ibis,
1886, pp. 460, 463.
Empidomax brumnescens, Salvin, Ibis, 1874, p. 309.
Empidochames argentinus, Cab. J. f. O. 1868, p. 196 (?).
Above umber-brown, more or less rufescent ; lores with a whitish
spot; wings blackish, all the coverts broadly tipped with pale rufous
or ochreous, forming two transverse bars; outer margins of external
secondaries of the same colour; tail brown, like the back, but not
rufescent : beneath dirty cinereous white, throat and belly lighter,
and with a more or less pronounced yellowish tinge ; under wing-
coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers ochraceous; upper man-
dible dark brown, lower whitish ; feet pale brown: whole length
5 inches, wing 2:6, tail 24. 6 ( ~ :
Hab. South-8& Brazil, Bolivia, and north of Argentine Re-
public.
The types of E. brunneus, Ridgway, which have been kindly sent
to me for examination, belong to the smaller form from the Argen-
tine Republic, which Cabanis has called E. argentinus. But I do
not see much ground for their specific separation. The type of
d'Orbigny’s M. bimaculata agrees with the larger Brazilian form.
In accordance with Mr. Ridgway's views, I place this species in
the genus Empidomaa, ; but it is so like Empidochames fringillaris,
that I am still not quite convinced that this is its correct position.
The shorter tarsi and white under mandible of the present bird
are the chief points which distinguish the two species.
a, b. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Rio, Brazil (Lund). Sclater Coll.
d. 3 ad, sk. Curytiba, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
e. Q ad, sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. 3 ad. sk. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
g, h. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
i. Ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
7. 3 ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
`-4.4 Empidomax oliva.
Gobe-mouche olive de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Eml. 574, fig. 2.
Muscicapa oliva, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl, p. 34.
Muscicapa agilis, Gm., S. N. i. p. 948.
Myiobius agilis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 188.
69. EMPIDONAx. 225
Empidochanes olivus, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 578 (Lower
Amazons), et 1868, p. 628 (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p. 51.
Empidonax oliva, Sclater, Ibis, 1887, p. 65.
Empidochanes altirostris, Cab. J. f. O. 1868, p. 196 (Cartagena) P
Above brown, with an olivaceous tinge ; a slightly lighter loral
spot ; wings blackish, with the tips of the coverts and outer edges
of the external secondaries pale rufous or ochraceous; tail ashy
brown: beneath pale ashy white, lighter on the throat, and with a
strong yellowish tinge on the belly; upper mandible dark brown,
lower whitish ; feet pale brown : whole length 47 inches, wing 2.5,
tail 2:3.
Hab. Guiana, Venezuela, and Amazonia.
This is a Northern form of E. bimaculatus, distinguished by its
slightly smaller size, less rufescent tinge above, and more yellowish
colour beneath. It is, perhaps, doubtful whether it is really entitled
to the name oliva (based upon Pl. Enl. 574. fig. 2), but that name
has traditionally descended to one of this group of birds, and may
be assigned with more probability to this species than to any other.
I do not like to use the name altirostris of Cabanis for it without
being able to examine the type.
a. Ad. sk. Guiana. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Yguitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Bartlett).
d. Jr. sk. Trinidad. Zool. Soc. Coll.
5. Empidomax griseipectus.
Empidonax ?, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 229, sp. 1405.
Empidonax griseipectus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 236 (Puna Is);
Sel. et Salo. Nomencl. p. 52; Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 365; id., Ibis,
1886, p. 464; Berl. et Tacº. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558 (W. Ecuador).
First quill shorter than the ninth : above deep olive, the hind
neck more greyish, and top of head dull slaty; wing-bands very
sharply defined, dull white or very pale olive-greyish, in conspicuous
contrast with the blackish general colour of the Wings; lower parts
greyish white, shaded with dull greyish across the breast, and tinged
with pale sulphur-yellow : whole length 4.5 inches, wing 2:33, tail
23. Female similar, but slightly smaller.
Hab. Ecuador.
a, b, d. 9 a.d. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
6:#Empidomax pusillus.

Tyrannula º Sw, et Rich. Fawn. Bor.-Am, ii. p. 144, pl. 46.
Platyrhynchus pusillus, Sw, Phil. Mag, 1827, p. 366.
Empidonax pusillus, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 1945, Cab. J. J.O. 1855,
p. 480 (Cuba); Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 441; id. Cat. A.B. p. 229;
Cab, et Hein.Mus. Hein. ii. p. 70; Gundl. J. f.O. 1861, p.410 (Cuba),
et 1871, p. 286 (Cuba); Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, p. 4, et 1868, p. 58;
WOL. XIV. Q.
226 TYRANNIDAE.
Brown, Ibis, 1868, p. 420 (Vancouver Is); Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M.
i. p. 425 (C. California), et vi. p. 384 (Nicaragua); 3d. Ibis, 1886,
p. 464; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 343; Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii.
p. 3; Hartl. J. f.O. 1883, p. 267 (Alaska); Baird, Brew, et Ridgw.
H. N. A. ii. p. 366; Coues, Key W. A. B. 1884, p. 442.
Above olive, usually decidedly greyer on head: wing-bands in
adult varying from dull brownish grey or greyish brown to nearly
white; in young deep buff or ochraceous; lower parts white, tinged
posteriorly with sulphur-yellow, and shaded on sides of breast with
olive-greyish : whole length 5 inches, wing 2:7, tail 25. Female
similar but rather smaller.
Hab. Western North America (in summer) and South to Mexico.
a. Ad. sk. Utah, U. S. A. (Ridgway), Salvin–Godman Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Utah, U. S. A. (E. W. Nelson). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Fort Steilacoom, U. S. A. Sclater Coll.
(Baird).
d. Ad, sk. Fort Yuma, Cal. H. K. Coale, Esq.[P].
e. Ad. Sk, Brit. Columbia (J. K. Lord). N. # Bound. Comm.
f. Ad, sk. Brit. Columbia. J. º in [C.].
g. Ad, sk. Forty-ninth Parallel. sÉ Bound. Comm.
h. Ad, sk. Fort Simpson, Arct. America, A. Murray [C.],
7. Ad. sk. Repulse Bay, Arct. Am. Dr. J. Rae §
7:f Empidomax trailli.
Muscicapa traillii, Aud. Orn. Biogr. i. p. 236; id. B. Am. i. p. 234,
1. 65
Empidonax traillii, Baird, B. W. Am. p. 193; Cab. et Hein. Mus.
Hein. ii. p. 70; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 229; Lawr. Ann, Lyc. N. Y.
viii. pp. 8, 290, et ix. p. 114 (Costa Rica) et p. 201 (Yucatan);
Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, p. 58; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 474 (Texas);
Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica); Brewer, P. U.S. N. M.
ii. p. 4; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 448 (Yucatan); Nehrling, J. f. O.
1883, p. 92 (Illinois); Coues, Key W. A. B. 1884, p. 441.
Empidonax pusillus, var. traillii, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. W. A. B.
ii. p. 369; Ridgw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. x. p. 376 (Illinois); id. Ibis,
1886, p. 464; id. Man. W. A. B. p. 343; Merrill, P. U.S. N. M.
i. p. 137 (Texas); Nehrling, J. f. O. 1883, p. 92 (Illinois).
º traillii, var, pusillus, Henshaw, Ann. Lyc, N. Y. xi. p. 8
(Utah).
Similar to E. pusillus, but more decidedly olivaceous above and
more distinctly tinged with yellow beneath ; the bill shorter and
broader, and the tarsus shorter.
Hab. Eastern North America (in summer), and south to Panama
and Western Ecuador.
a, b, Ad. St. N. America. Sir J. Richardson [P].
C, d. 3 9 a.d. sk. Pembina, U. S. A. (Coues), Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Washington, D.C. (Paine). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. U. S. A. (Baird). Sclater Coll.
g. Ad. sk. U. S. A. (Bell). Sclater Coll,
69. EMPIDONAx 227
h. Ad, sk. Tehuantepec, Mexico (Sumi- Salvin-Godman Coll.
chrast).
3. G ad. sk. San José, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j—l, d ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Panama (MeDeannan). Sclater Coll.
n, 0. 6 a.d. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
~8." Empidomax ridgwayi,
Empidonax ridgwayi, Sel. P. Z. S. 1887, p. 50.
Above dark olive-green, lores and rim round the eye whitish ;
wings slaty black, tips of both rows of wing-coverts and outer mar-
gins of external secondaries whitish, slightly tinged with ochraceous;
tail slaty black; outer web of external rectrix whitish : beneath
dirty white, clearer in the middle of the throat; lower belly and
crissum tinged with yellowish; under wing-coverts white; upper
mandible dark horn-colour, lower whitish ; feet black: whole length
5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2:3.
Hab. Int. of Colombia.
Like E. traill; in colour, but with the outer web of the external
rectrix white, as in E. obscurus.
a. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type of the species.)
9. Empidomax minimus.
Tyrannula minima, W. M. et S. F. Baird, Proc. Acad. Philad. i.
p. 283 (1843); Aud. B. Am. viii. p. 226, pl. 491.
Empidonax minimus, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 195; Sclater, P. Z. S.
1859, p. 384; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 441; id. Cat. A. B. p. 229; Sclat.
et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122; iid, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras);
id. Nomencl. p. 52; Blakiston, Ibis, 1863, p. 58; Dresser, Ibis,
1865, p. 474 (Texas); Baird, Brew. et Ridgw. W. A. B. ii. p. 372;
Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y. viii. p. 290 (New York); Ridgw. Ann. Lye.
N. Y. x. p. 376 (Illinois); id. Ibis, 1886, p. 465; id. Man. N. A. B.
p. 343; Brewst. Ann, Lyc, N. Y. xi. p. 143 (West Virginia);
Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. 5 (eggs); Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. i.
p. 137 (Texas); Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 442; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1879, p. 235; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 315 (?); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 448 (Yucatan); Nehrling, J. f. O. 1883, p. 92 (Illinois); Turner,
P. U.S. N. M. viii. p. 242 (Labrador).
Empidonax pectoralis, Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 402 (Panama).
Empidonax minimus, var. pectoralis, Ridgw. W. A. B. ii. p. 364.
Empidonax gracilis, Ridgw. Pr. Biol. Soc. Wash. iii. p. 23 (1886); id.
P. U.S. N. M. viii. p. 571 (Cozumel).
Bardly distinguishable in colour from E. pusillus and E. trailli,
but tail slightly forked, and much smaller in size: whole length
4-6 inches, wing 2:4, tail 2:1. Female similar.
Hab. Eastern North America, and southwards in winter to
Panama and (perhaps) Peru.
a. Ad. St. North America. Sir J. Richardson [P].
b, c. Ad. sk. Fort Dufferin. N. * Comm.
Q 2
228 TYRANNIDAE.
d, e. 5. Q ad. sk. Pembina, U. S. A. (Coues), Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel. N. #. Bound. Comm.
9–2. Ad, sk. Fort Simpson. bºº [C.].
J–n. Ad. sk. Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale). Sclater Coll.
o-q. Ad. St. Michigan– Prof. Steere [P.].
r. Q ad. sk. Pennsylvania (Bell). Sclater Coll.
S. Ad. sk. Washington (Drewler). Salvin–Godman Coll.
t. Ad. sk. U. S. A. Salvin-Godman Coll,
w. Ad, sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll.
v. Ad, sk. Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll.
w. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Devis). Salvin–Godman Coll.
a-2. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gawmer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
a'-'. Ad. sk. Cozumelſ., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j', k". Ad, sk. Mugeres I., Yucatan (Gau- Salvin-Godman Coll.
7)?6)").
!". SP ad. sk. Jolbox I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m'. Q ad, sk. Belize, Honduras (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
'n'. Jr. sk. Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Guatemala (Salvin).
o'. Ad, sk. Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p', q'. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll.
7", 8". Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
t", w!. 3 Q ad. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll.
v'. Ad. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
_w'. & ad. sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Guatemala (Salvin).
_r'. Ad. sk. Pine Forest, Volcan de Salvin–Godman Coll.
Fuego, Guatemala (Salvin).
$y'. Ad, sk. Guatemala (Salvin & Godman). Salvin-Godman Coll.
z'. Ad. sk. Escuintla, Guatemala (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
a". Ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Codman Coll.
b'', c''. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
10." Empidomax acadicus.
Muscicapa acadica, Gm. S. N. i. p. 947; Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 489.
Muscicapa querula, Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 77, pl. 13, fig. 3.
Empidonax acadicus, Baird, B. W. Am. p. 197; Cab. et Hein. Mus.
Hein. ii. p. 70; Lawr. Ann. Lyo. N. Y. vii. p. 265 (Cuba), et viii.
p. 290; Gundl. J. f. O. 1861, p. 328, 1862, p. 189, et 1872, p. 427
(Cuba); Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 229; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 475 (Texas);
Sel, et Salv. Womencl. p. 52; Ridgw. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. x. p. 376 (Illi-
nois); id. Ibis, 1886, p. 465; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 342; Baird, Brew.
et Ridgw. W. A. B. ii. p. 374; Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 137
(Texas); Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. 5; Nehrling, J. f. O. 1883,
p. 91 (Illinois); Berl. et Tccz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558 (W. Ecuador);
Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 441.
Empidonax bairdi, Lawr. Ann. L. W. Y. vii. p. 327 (Panama).
Empidonax griseigularis, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 471 (Panama);
Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52.
Empidonax acadicus, var. griseigularis, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. W.
A. B. ii. p. 365.

First quill usually equal to, or longer than, fifth ; above uniform
olive-green or greenish grey; wing-bands buff or buffy whitish;
69. EMPIDONAx. 229
lower parts white, more or less tinged with sulphur-yellow pos-
teriorly, and (usually very faintly) shaded across the breast with
olive or greyish : whole length 5 inches, wing 2:8, tail 2:3. Female
similar, but smaller.
Hab. Eastern North America and South through Mexico and
Central America to Western Ecuador.
a. Ad, sk. North America. Sir J. Richardson
P.].
b, c. 9 a.d. sk. Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale). sº Coll.
d. Ad, sk. New York, U.S.A. (Lawrence). Sclater Coll.
e. P ad. sk. Washington, D.C. (Ridgway). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Washington, D.C. (Drewler). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Ad, sk. U. S. A. (Baird). Sclater Coll.
h—l. Ad. sk. Ruatan I., Bay of Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Gaumer).
m. Ad, sk. Costa Rica (Endrès). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m, o. 3 a.d. sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
11. Empidonax difficilis.
Empidonax difficilis, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 198; Sel. Cat. A. B.
p. 230; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 425 (C. California), v. p. 531,
et vi. p. 348 (Lower California); id. Ibis, 1886, p. 466; id. Man.
N. A. B. p. 340; Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. 2; Bean, P. U.S.
N. M. v. p. 161 (Alaska).
Empidonax flaviventris, var. difficilis, Baird, Brew. et Ridgw. W. A. B.
ii. p. 380; Henshaw, Ann. Lyc. N. Y. xi. p. 8 (Utah); Coues, Key
N. A. B. 1884, p. 442.
Under wing-coverts pale buff, deepening into dull ochraceous on
edge of wing; above dull greyish olive (more brownish in winter),
the wing-bands dull light buffy greyish (more buffy in winter);
lower parts dull pale yellowish, inclining to pale sulphur-yellow on
belly and lower tail-coverts, and shaded with dull greyish brown
across breast : whole length 4:8 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2:3. Female
similar.
Hab. Western North America and Western Ecuador.
This seems to be the Western form of E. flaviventris, and to be
very closely allied to that species.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Orcas Island, N.W. Aumerica. Dr. Lyall º
b. ? ad, sk. Saturn Island, N.W. America. Dr. Lyall [C.].
c. Ad, sk. Vancouver Island. Salvin–Godman Coll.
d. Ad, sk. California (Bridges). Sclater Coll.
e. 6 jr. sk. Kernville, California (Henshaw), R. B. Sharpe [P.].
f. Ad, sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico. - Sclater Coll.
g. 3 ad. ; Mazatlan (Forrer). Salvin–Godman Coll.
h. Ad, sk
i. ? ad. sk. Plains of Colima, W. Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Xantus). - º
ad, sk. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. 6 te
K. Ad, sk. Tres Marias Is., W. Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
230
TYRANNIDAE.
12: Empidomax flaviventris.
Tyrannula flaviventris, Baird, Proc. Acad. Philad. i. p. 283 (1843).
Empidonax flaviventris, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 198; Solater, P. Z. S.
1859, p. 366; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 441; id. Cat. A. B. p. 229; Sclat. et
Salv, Ibis, 1859, p. 122; iid, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360 (Panama), et
1870, p. 837 (Honduras); iid. Womencl. p. 52; Lawr. Ann. Lyc.
N. Y. viii. pp. 8, 290, et ix. p. 114 (Costa Rica); Dresser, Ibis,
1865, p. 475 *º ; Frantz, J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica);
Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 199 (Veragua); Baird, Brew. et Ridgw.
N. A. B. ii. p. 378; Ridgw. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. x. p. 376 (Illinois);
- id. P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 384 (Nicaragua); id. Ibis, 1886, p. 466;
id. Man. N. A. B. p. 341; Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 137
(Texas); Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. 4; Nehrling, J. f. O. 1883,
p. 91 (Illinois); Turner, P. U.S. N. M. viii. p. 242 (Anticosti);
Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 442.
Empidonax hypoxanthus, Baird, MS.
Under wing-coverts yellowish white or pale sulphur-yellow ;
wing-bands not darker (usually paler) than lower parts: above dull
olive-green, the wing-bands pale olive-yellowish in adult, buffy in
young; lower parts pale dull sulphur-yellow, shaded with olive
across breast : whole length 4:8 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2:1. Female
similar.
Hab. Eastern North America, and south through Mexico and
Central America to Panama.
a. Ad. St. North America. Sir J. Richardson
* P.T.
b. Ad. St. North America. Pºiº
o, d. Ad, sk. Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale). Sclater Coll.
e, f. Ad, sk. Illinois (Coale). R. B. Sharpe [P.].
g. Ad, sk. Nova Scotia. Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Pennsylvania (Bell). Sclater Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Retalhuleu, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. Ad, sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. Ad. sk. Choctum (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
m. Ad. Sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n. Ad. sk. Dueñas (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
o. 3 a.d. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
£9. 3.d #. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin–Godman Coll.
8.01. SR.
7. 9 ad. sk.
S. Ad. sk.
t. 6 ad. sk.
Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé).
Chiriqui (Arcé).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
13+Empidonax bairdi.
Empidomax bairdii, Sol. P. Z.S. 1858, p. 301; d. Ibis, 1859, p. 442;
td. Cat. A. B. p. 230; Sclat, et Salv, Ibis, 1860, p. 36; iid. Nomencl.
p. 52; Lawr. Ann, Lyc, N. Y. vii. p. 327 (Panama); Baird, Brew.
et Ridgw. W. A. B. ii. p. 363; Ridgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 466; id. Man.
N. A. B. p. 341.
Wing-bands darker than lower parts: above dull olive, the wing-
69. EMPIDONAX. 231
bands dull light olive, sometimes inclining to russet; lower parts
pale olive-yellowish, more decidedly olivaceous on breast; edge of
wing dull ochraceous or fulvous: whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2.7,
tail 2-5.
Hab. Mexico.
The much duller colour above seems to distinguish this from the
next two species.
a. Ad. Sk. Cordova (Sallé). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Mexico (Boucard). Salvin–Godman Coll.
T14.4 Empidomax salvini.
Empidonax salvini, Ridgw. Ibis, 1886, pp. 459, 467; id. Man. W. A.
B. p. 341.
Similar to E. bairdi, but much more brightly coloured, the upper
parts olive-green instead of olive-brown, the lower parts brighter
and clearer yellow, shaded across breast and along sides with olive-
green instead of brownish; wing-bands light greenish olive instead
of ochreous brown, and under wing-coverts pale greenish yellow
(almost sulphur-yellow) instead of deep brownish ochre; whole
length 5:1 inches, wing 2-9, tail 2-5. Female similar.
Hab. Guatemala.
This form is almost exactly intermediate between E. bairdi of
Southern Mexico and E. flavescens of Costa Rica—so much so, in
fact, that it is not easy to decide to which of the two it is most
nearly related. In the colour of the upper parts it is more like the
latter than the former, and the colour of the wing-bands is almost
exactly the same. The yellow of the lower parts, however, is not
quite so deep, the breast is a decidedly more greenish olive, and the
under wing-coverts much paler yellow. (Ridgway.)
a. Q ad, sk. Volcan de Agua, above S. Selater Coll.
Diego (Salvin).
b. 3 ad. Sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego Sclater Coll.
(Salvin).
c. 3 a.d.; Calderas (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d, e. Q ad, sk.
f. Ad, sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Guatemala. O. Salvin [C.].
i. Ad, sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Constancia). Sclater Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Honduras, D. Dyson [C.].
15. HEmpidonax flavescens.
Empidonax flavescens, Lawr. Ann, Lyc, N. Y. viii. p. 133, et ix.
p. 115 (Costa Rica); Frantz, J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica);
Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 198 (Veragua); Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52;
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64 (Costa Rica); Baird, Brew. et Ridgw.
N. A. B. ii. p. 363; Ridgw. Ibis, 1886, p. 467.
232 TYRANNID ZE.
Empidonax viridescens, Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 418 (Costa
Rica).
Above bright greenish olive (varying to tawny olive), the wing-
bands more ochraceous : lower parts bright Sulphur-yellow, faintly
shaded across breast with tawny olive ; edge of wing varying from
light saffron-yellow to deep ochraceous buff: whole length 5 inches,
wing 2-6, tail 2:3. Female similar.
Hab. Costa Rica and Weragua.
A smaller southern form of E. salvini, but much darker on the
breast.
a. Ad. Sk. Costa Rica (Rogers). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Boucard). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Irazu, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d, e. g. Q ad. sk. Dota, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Costa Rica. Purchased.
g, h, 3 Q ad, sk. Southern slope, Volcan de Chi- Salvin-Godman Coll.
riqui (Arcé).
2. Ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
j. Ad, sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
16: Empidomax hammondi.
Tyrannula hammondii, De Vesey, Proe, Acad. Philad. 1858, p. 117.
Empidomax hammondii, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 199; Sol. Cat. A. B.
p. 230; Baird, Brew. et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 383; Henshaw,
Ann. Lyc, N. Y. xi. p. 8 (Utah); Ridgw, P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 426
(C. California); id. Ibis, 1886, p. 467; id. Man, N. A. B. p. 344;
Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. 1 (eggs); Coues, Key W. A. B. 1884,
p. 443.
Above olive, usually more greyish anteriorly, especially on hind
neck; wing-bands dull light olive-greyish ; lower parts varying
from dull greyish white, faintly tinged posteriorly with sulphur-
yellow, to decided olive-yellowish, the breast always strongly shaded
with olive or olive-greyish, the throat never distinctly whitish :
whole length 4:8 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2:3.
Hab. Western North America.
a. Ad, sk. N. America (Kennerly). Sclater Coll.
17:#Empidomax obscurus.
Tyrannula obscura, Sw, Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 367.
Empidomax obscurus, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 200; Solater, P. Z. S.
1862, p. 19 (Mexico); id. Cat. A. P. p. 230; Sol. et Salo. Womencl.
p. 52; Henshaw, Ann, Lyc, N. Y. xi. p. 8 (Utah); Baird, Brew.
et Ridgw. W. A. B. ii. p. 381; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 426
(California); id. Ibis, 1886, p. 468; id. Man. W. A. B. p. 344;
Brewer, P. U.S. N. M. ii. p. 1 (eggs); Coues, Key W. A. B.
1884, p. 443.
Empidomax fulvipectus, Lawr. Ann, Lyc, N. Y. x. p. 11 (1871)
(City of Mexico); Salv. Ibis, 1874, p. 310; Ridgw. W. A. B. ii.
p. 364; id, Ibis, 1886, p. 468; id. Man. W. A. B. p. 844,
70. LAWRENCIA. - 233
Above greyish, more or less suffused with olive; wing-bands and
external margins of outer secondaries whitish and usually well
shown ; tail dark grey, with the whole outer web of the external
rectrix distinctly pale dirty white : beneath pale greyish, darker on
the breast and more or less suffused with fulvous ; upper mandible
dark, lower light ; feet blackish: whole length 5:5 inches, wing 2:8,
tail 2-5. Female similar.
Hab. California, Arizona, and Mexico.
The more or less clearly defined white outer web of the external
rectrix serves to identify this rather variable species. The type of
Mr. Lawrence's E. fulvipectus agrees so nearly with some of my
Mexican skins from La Parada, that I do not venture to keep them
apart.
a, d ad, sk. West Humboldt Mts., U. S. A. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Ridgway). -
b. 3 ad. sk. Fort Bridger, Utah, U. S. A. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Drewler).
*.. c. Ad, sk. Fort Yuma, Cal. (Mollhausen). Sclater Coll.
%-sº-d. Ad. sk. Scºoet San José, California (Xantus). Sclater Coll.
t e. Ad. Sk. Saticoy, California (J. G. C.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
*2-f. g. 3 Q ad, sk. Ciudad, Durango, Mexico (For- Salvin-Godman Coll.
rer).
, , h, Ad, sk. Mexico. - J. Gould, Esq.
- </ (ºwn Y. & ad. sk. La Parada, Mexico (Sallé). Purchased.
{ J. Ad. sk. La Parada (Sallé). Sclater Coll.
k—m. 3 ad, sk. La Parada (Boucard). Sclater Coll.
7. 6 ad. ; 0. Villa de Elta, Mexico (Bow- Sclater Coll.
Ad. sk. card).
£9. A. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.
- –-q, r, Jr. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll. -
'yº ~ : Adºl. Mexico (?). Salvin-Godman Coll.
`s 70. LAWRENCIA.
• *-* e Type.
Lawrencia, Ridgw. Auk, 1886, p. 382 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. nana.
“Wings very much rounded; the first quill shortest, the second
not longer than the secondaries; fifth and sixth longest; tarsus
long ; bill small, much depressed, triangular; rictal bristles strong;
tail nearly as long as the wing, slightly rounded.” (Ridgway.)
This monotype, from S. Domingo, is said by Mr. Ridgway to be
exceedingly different in structure from Empidonaa.
~ 1.T.Lawrencia mana.
Empidonax manus, Lawr. Ibis, 1875, p. 386; Cory, Birds of Haiti and
S. Domingo, p. 82 (1885).
Lawrencia nana, Ridgw, Auk, 1886, p. 383; id. Ibis, 1886, p. 461.
Above olive, browner on remiges and rectrices, greyer on head;
wing-coverts with two whitish bands; lower parts whitish tinged
with sulphur-yellow. Length 4:4 inches. (Ridgway.)
Hab. S. Domingo. -
234 TYRANNIDAE.
71. CONTOPUS #.
Type.
Contopus, Cab. J. f. O. 1855, p. 479 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. virens.
-ſ. Syrichº, Bp. Ann. Sc. Nat, Sér. 4, Zool. i. p. 133
| (1854) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. ardesiacush.
Nuttallornis, Ridgw. Man. W. A. B. p. 337 (1887). . . . C. borealis.
“Tarsus very short, but stout, less than the middle toe and
scarcely longer than the hinder toe, considerably less than the
culmen. Bill quite broad at the base, wider than half the culmen.
Tail moderately forked. Wings very long and much pointed,
reaching beyond the middle of the tail; the first primary about
equal the fourth.” (Ridgway, N. A. B. ii. p. 350.)
Contopus is distributed all over North and South America down
to the Argentine Republic, but is not found in Chili or Patagonia.
Key to the Species.
A. Larger-sized series; wing 3:5 or more,
a. Middle line of abdomen white . . . . . . . . 1. borealis, p. 234.
b. Middle line of abdomen not white. -
a'. Under surface grey.
a". Wing longer, more than 3:5.
a". Bill longer. -
Larger; head lighter . . . . 2. pertinaa., p. 235.
Smaller; head darker . . . . 3. lugubris, p. 236.
b". Bill shorter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. brachyrhynchus, p. 236.
b". Wing shorter, not more than 3:5. , 5. ardesiacus, p. 237.
b'. Under surface ochraceous . . . . . . . . . . 6. ochraceus, p. 237.
B. Smaller-sized series; wing less than 3:5.
c. Wing longer; first primary exceeding
fifth :
| breast lighter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. virens, p. 238.
breast darker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, richardsoni, p. 239.
d. Wing shorter; first primary shorter than
fifth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, brachytarsus, p. 240.
1* Contopus borealis.
>} - Tyrannus borealis, Sw, Faun. Bor-Am. ii. p. 141, pl. 35 (1831).
Muscicapa cooperi, Nutt. Man. i. p. 282 (1832).
Contopus cooperi, Cab, Journ, f. Orn. 1855, p. 479, et 1861, p. 248;
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 72.
Muscicapa inornata, Nutt, M.S. (cf. Man. i. p. 282).
Contopus borealis, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 188; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 230;
Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. viii. p. 290, ix. p. 115; Ridgw. Ann. L. N. Y.
x. p. 376 (Illinois); Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 474 (Texas); Frantz.
J. } O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 199 (Ve-
* Species not yet known to me are:— -
+ (1) Contopus plebeius, Cab. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 71; id. J. f. O. 1861, p. 248;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 319 (Peru).
(2) Contopus pileatus, Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. viii. p. 21 (loc. ign.).
(3) Contopus depressirostris, Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 403 (Nicaragua).
t Cf. Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 362.
71. CONTOPUs. 235
ragua); Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52; Baird, Brew.et Ridgw. N.A.B.
ii. p. 353; Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 137 (Texas); Ridgw. P.
U.S. N. M. i. p. 424; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (Sta. Marta);
Nehrling, J. f. O. 1883, p. 90 (Illinois); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 22
(N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 316; Ridgw. Man. W. A. B. p. 337;
Coues, Key W. A. B. 1884, p. 438.
Contopus mesoleucus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 43; id. Ibis, 1859,
p. 440; Sol. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122.
Above ashy black, head darker; wings and tail blackish, with
slight whitish edgings to the outer secondaries: beneath dark ashy,
throat, middle of breast, and belly creamy white : a large fluffy
patch of white feathers on each side of the rump beneath the wings;
under wing-coverts cinereous; bill horn-colour, at the base beneath
white; feet black: whole length 7-3 inches, wing 4-3, tail 3.
Female similar.
Hab. North America (in summer), and southwards throughout
Mexico and Central America to Colombia.
This is a very distinct species. The highly developed white tufts
on the flanks and white mesial line beneath render it easily recog-
nizable. 49
a. Ad, sk. Vancouver I. J. K. Lord [C].
b, c. Ad. sk. West side of Rocky Mountains. J. K. Lord [C.].
d. Ad, sk. Forty-ninth Parallel, N. A. N. A. Bound. Comm.
[P.].
e. 6 a.d. sk. Lake of the Woods. N. A. Bound. Comm,
[P.].
f. 6 a.d. sk. Broken-head River. N. A. Bound. Comm.
P.].
g. Ad. Sk. Canada (Bush). Tweeddale Coll.
h. Ad. sk. California. Lord Walsingham
[P.].
2. Ad. sk. San Francisco. Sclater Coll.
j. 9 a.d. sk. Fort Stockton, Texas (Duffry). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. Ad, sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll.
!. Ad. sk. South Mexico (Sallé). Sclater Coll.
m. Ad, sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.
n. Ad, sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o, Ad. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll.
p, q, Ad sk. Irazu distr., Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.
r. Q ad. sk. Calobre, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
S. Q ad. sk. Minca, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Bogota, Sclater Coll.
w. Ad. Sk. Bogota, Salvin-Godman Coll.
2:*Contopus pertinax.
Contopus pertinax, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 72; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 231; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52; Baird, Brew. et
Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 356; Coues, Key N. A. B. p. 488; Ridgw.
Man. N. A. B. p. 337.
Contopus borealis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 301, et 1859, p. 44;
id. Ibis, 1859, p. 440; Sol, et Salv, Ibis, 1859, p. 122.
Above cinereous, with a slight olivaceous tint, wings and tail
236 TYRANNIDAE.
darker: beneath paler, with a strong ochraceous tinge on the
abdomen, crissum, and under wing-coverts; flanks with a concealed
white patch ; upper mandible brown, lower yellowish ; feet black:
whole length 7 inches, wing 44, tail 3:4. Female similar.
Hab. Mexico, Arizona, and Guatemala.
The nearly uniform colour and ochraceous tinge of the abdomen
distinguish this species.
a. Ad. St. Mexico. M. Sallé [C].
b. Ad. sk. North Mexico (Ward). Sclater Coll.
6. Ad, sk. Mexico. J. Gould, Esq.
d. 3 a.d. sk. Plains of Colima, W. Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Xantus).
e. Ad. sk. Mexico. A. Sallé [C].
f 3 jr. ; 9. Ciudad, Durango, Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ad. sk. (Forrer).
h. Ad, sk. Mexico. |Purchased.
2. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (Höge). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Ad, sk. Volcan de Agua, Guatemala (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
vin).
k, Q ad. sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, Salvin-Godman Coll.
º Guatemala (Salvin).
l, m. Ad, sk. Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salvin).
m. Ad, sk. Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala Sclater Coll.
(Salvin).
o, Ad. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll.
3: Contopus lugubris.
Contopus lugubris, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 134, ix. p. 115
(Costa Rica); Frantz, J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica); Salvin,
Ibis, 1874, p. 310.
Contopus pertinax, var. lugubris, Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 351.
Similar to C. pertinaw, but smaller in size and darker in colour;
wing 3-8 inches.
Hab. Costa Rica and Veragua.
a. Ad, sk. Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
~4+Contopus brachyrhynchus.
Contopus brachyrhynchus, Cab. J. f. O. 1883, p. 214; Sel, et Huds.
Arg. Orn, i. p. 155.
Above cinereous, lores whitish ; wings and tail blackish, with
slight whitish edgings to the wing-coverts and outer secondarios:
beneath paler, whitish in the middle of the belly; flanks with a
concealed white patch ; bill above brown, beneath pale; feet black :
whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail 3:2.
Hab. Prov. Tucuman, Argentine Republic.
Nearest to C. pertinaa, but pure cinereous above, and without the
ochraceous tinge below.
a. d. ad, sk. Tucuman (Schulz). Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimen.)
71. CONTOPUs. 237
5A Contopus ardesiacus.
Tyrannula ardosiaca, Lafº, R. Z, 1844, p. 80 (Bogota).
Sayornis ardosiaca, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 149.
Contopus ardesiacus, Cab. J. f. O. 1855, p. 479; Sol. P. Z. S. 1859,
pp. 44, 144, et 1860, p. 92 (Ecuador); Sel, et Salv, Nomencl. p. 52;
iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 515 (Antioquia) et p. 615 (Bolivia); Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, 1879, p. 235, et 1882, p. 21; id. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 317; Berl, et Tacz, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558, 1884, p. 297, et 1885,
p. 92 (Ecuador); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 298 (Br, Guiana).
Myiochanes ardesiacus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 71; Sel. Cat.
A. B. p. 232.
Above dark cinereous, crown rather blacker; wings and tail
smoky black: beneath similar but rather paler, especially on the
middle of the belly; under wing-coverts cinereous; bill brown,
beneath paler; feet blackish: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-8,
tail 3:2. Female similar.
Hab. Guiana, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
This is not quite a typical Contopus, the wings being rather
shorter than in the other species.
4, º & Q ad. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
SK.
c. 3 ad, sk. Twek-quey mt., Carimang T., Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brit. Guiana (Whitely).
Q ad, sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
Ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.
(Salmon).
d ad. sk. Santa Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
& ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
Ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ad. sk. Ninabamba, C. Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
Q ad, sk. Tambillo, Peru (Jelski). Salvin–Godman Coll.
, m. Ad, sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll.
ley).
6: Contopus ochraceus.
Contopus ochraçeus, Sel. et Salv, P. Z. S. 1869, p. 419 (Costa Rica);
did. Nomencl. p. 52; Salv, Ibis, 1870, p. 115, et 1874, p. 313;
Ridgway, Ibis, 1883, p. 401.
Above brownish olive, darker on the head; wings and tail ashy
black, the wing-coverts and secondaries edged externally with
ochraceous: beneath deep ochraceous, paler on the throat and more
yellowish on the belly; bill above blackish, beneath yellowish:
whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-3, tail 2-9.
Hab. Costa Rica.
The ochraceous colour below at Once distinguishes this species.
a. Ad. Sk, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Type of the species.)
238 TYRANNIDAE.
7A Contopus virens.
Muscicapa virens, Linn. S. N. i. p. 827.
Muscicapa querula, Vieill. Ois, Am. Sept. i. p. 68, pl. 39.
Muscicapa rapax, Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 81, pl. 18. f. 5.
Myiarchus virens, Selater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150.
Contopus virens, Baird, B. N. Am, p. 1903. Gundl, Journ. f. Orn.
1855, p. 479, 1861, pp. 328, 416, et 1872, p. 424 (Cuba); Cab.
et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 71; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 43; id. Cat.
A. B. p. 231; Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 248 (Costa Rica); Sel, et Salv.
Ibis, 1859, pp. 122, 441; iid P. Z. S. 1864, etp. 360 (Panama), et
1870, p. 837 (Honduras); iid. Nomencl. p. 52; Dresser, Ibis, 1865,
p. 474 (Texas); Lawr. Ann, Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 290, ix. p. 115 (Costa
Rica); Ridgw. Ann. L. N. Y. x. p. 376 (Illinois); Frantz, J. f. O.
1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica); Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 137 (Texas);
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64 (Costa Rica); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, .
1880, p. 125 (Santa Marta); Nehrling, J. f. O. 1883, p. 90 (Illinois);
Baird, Brew. et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 357; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882,
p. 22; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 318; Coues, Key W. A. B. 1884, p. 439;
Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 338.
Tyrannula bogotensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 190.
Contopus bogotensis, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 459; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 231; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 87 (WHndies).
Contopus albicollis, Lawr. Ann. N. Y. Ac. Sc. iii. p. 156; Ridgw.
Man. N. A. B. p. 338 (Yucatan)?
Above olive-plumbeous, crown rather darker; wings and tail
blackish, wing-coverts and outer Secondaries with more or less of
whitish edgings: beneath dirty white, breast and flanks more or
less tinged with cinereous; belly more or less faintly tinged with
yellowish; bill above dark, beneath yellowish white; feet blackish ;
first primary longer than the fifth : whole length 6 inches, wing 3-4,
tail 27. Female similar.
Hab. Eastern North America, and south through Mexico and
Central America to Colombia and Ecuador.
I am a little doubtful about Contopus albicollis of Yuëatan, of
which Mr. Lawrence has kindly lent me the type. But on the
whole I am inclined to regard it as a pale-coloured example of the
present species. Some of the specimens from Ruatan come very
near it.
a—g. Ad. sk. Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale). Sclater Coll.
h, i. 6 ad. Sk, Illinois, U. S. A. H. K. Coale, Esq.
[P.].
j, k, Ad sk. Michigan, Prof. Steere [C].
l. Ad. Sk, Indiana, U. S. A. (Sclater). Sclater Coll.
n. Ad, sk. Niagara Falls, U. S. A J. Gould [C.],
n. Ad, sk. Portsmouth, N.H., U. Š. A.(Cowes). Sclater Coll.
o. 3 ad. sk. Washington, D.C., U. S. A. (Mc- Sclater Coll.
Guire).
p. Ad, sk. Washington, D.C., U. S. A. (Drew- Sclater Coll.
ler).
q. 3 ad. sk. College Woods, Distr, of Colombia, Salvin-Godman Coll.
U.S. A. (Cowes),
71. CONTOPUs.
239
r. Ad. sk.
S. 6 a.d. sk.
t, u. Ad. sk.
v-c'. Ad, sk.
d'. Ad, sk.
e'. Ad. sk.
f', g'. Ad, sk.
h'. Q jr. sk.
'—k'. & ad. sk.
!". Ad, sk.
m". Q ad, sk.
m'. Ad. sk.
o'. Ad. sk.
p'. & ad. Sk,
q'. Ad. sk.
'r', S', Jr. sk.
t", wº. Ad, sk.
Cuba.
Mexico (Sallé).
Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gaumer).
Ruatan I., Bay of Honduras
(Gaumer).
Guatemala.
Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé).
Southern slope of the Volcan de
Chiriqui (Arcé),
Bugaba, Chiriquj (Arcé).
Panama (McLeannan).
Chepo, Panama (Arcé).
Santa Marta, U. S. C. (Simons).
Bogota.
Bogota.
Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser).
Ecuador.
Puna I., Gulf of Guayaquil (Buck-
ley).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
8.*Contopus richardsoni.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
I. Fraser [C.].
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.

Tyrannula richardsoni, Sw. Faun. Bor.-Am... ii. p. 146, pl. 46.
Contopus richardsonii, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 189; Scl. Cat. A. B.
p. 231; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360 (Panama), et 1879, p. 615
(Bolivia); id. Nomencl. p. 52; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 474 (Texas);
Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix.
p. 115 (Costa Rica); Frantz, J. f. O.
1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 199 (Veragua);
Merrill, P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 137 (Texas); Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i.
p. 425; Berl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558, 1884, p. 297, et 1885,
p. 92 (Ecuador); Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 338.
Contopus sordidulus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 43; id. Ibis, 1859,
p. 441; Sel. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122.
Contopus virens, var. richardsoni, Baird, Brew. et Ridgw. N. A. B.
ii. p. 360; Coues, Key W. A. B. 1884, p. 440.
Similar to C. virens, but darker above and beneath; the breast
more covered with cinereous, and the belly without any olivaceous
tinge.
Hab. Western North America, and south through Western
Mexico and Central America to Ecuador and perhaps Bolivia.
It is in many cases very difficult to decide whether southern
specimens should be referred to this form or to the Eastern
C. virens.
a—d. Ad, sk.
e. Ad, sk.
f Q ad. sk.
West side of Rocky Mountains.
California (Grüber).
Upper Missouri and Yellowstone,
U. S. A. (Warren).
Presidio, Mexico (Forrer).
Mexico (Sallé).
Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri).
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Coban, Vera Paz §
J. K. Lord [C].
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. & ad. sk.
h. Ad. sk.
7. Ad, sk.
j, k, Ad. sk.
l. Ad. sk.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
240 TYRANNIDAE.
m, n. Ad. sk. Retalhuleu, Guatemala (Salvºn). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o. Ad, sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll.
p. Ad. Sk, Vera Paz. O. Salvin º!
q. Ad, sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll.
r. Q ad. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll.
s. 3 ad, sk. Dueñas, Guatemala. O. Salvin [P.].
t–v. Ad, sk. Irazu distr., Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.
w. Ad. sk. San José, Costa Rica (Frantzius). Salvin-Godman Coll.
a. Jr. sk. West coast of America. Capt. Kellett and
Lt. Wood [P.].
y. Q ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
2, Q ad, sk. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
a'. Q ad. sk. Zamora, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
b'. Ad. sk. Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin–Godman Coll,
c'. Ad. sk. Nairapi, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
9: Contopus brachytarsus.
Empidonax brachytarsus, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 441 (Mexico); Lawr.
Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 327(Panama).
Contopus brachytarsus, Salvin, Ibis, 1861, p. 354; id. P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 199 (Veragua); Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 231; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1864, p. 360 (Panama), 1867, p. 578 (Lower Amazons), 1868,
pp. 168, 628 (Venezuela), 1870, p. 781 (Venezuela); Lawr.
Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 89 (Costa Rica); White, P. Z. S. 1882,
p. 608 (Arg, Rep.); Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. vii. p. 173 (Trinidad);
7d. Man. W. A. B. p. 339; Sel. et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 156.
Empidomax andinus, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, et 1879, p. 235
Peru).
cº punensis, Lawr. Ann, Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 237 (Puna Is..);
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 474, et 1880, p. 203 (Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 319; Berl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 558, et 1885, p. 122 (W.
Ecuador).
Contopus schottii, Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. ix. p. 202; Ridgw.
P. U.S. N. M. viii. p. 571 (Yucatan).
Above dark plumbeous olive ; Crown darker, blackish ; wings and
tail blackish, the wing-coverts and outer secondaries more or less
edged with whitish : beneath dirty white, clearer on the throat and
middle of the belly, which latter has sometimes an olivaceous tinge;
bill above blackish, beneath yellowish white; feet blackish; first
primary shorter than the fifth : whole length 5-3 inches, wing 2-9,
tail 2.5. Female similar.
Hab. Mexico and Central America, southwards to Peru and
Amazonia.
It is possible that I may have united more than one species
under the present name, which was originally based upon Mexican
specimens, but the bird has been subsequently traced down the
American continent to Peru and Lower Amazonia. In some cases it
is difficult to discriminate between this species and dwarfed or
immature examples of C. virens; but I think that Mr. Ridgway's
character of the first primary being shorter than the fifth in C. bra–
chytarsus generally holds good.
72. BLACICUs.
241
W. Ad, sk.
c'. Ad, sk.
d'. Ad. Sk,
Blacicus, Cab. J. f. O. 1855, p. 480
St. Comapam, Mexico (Sallé).
Cordova, Mexico (Sallé).
Yucatan (Gaumer).
Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gaumer).
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Cajabon, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Chisec, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Retalhuleu, Guatemala (Salvin).
Escuintla, Guatemala (Salvin).
Escuintla, Guatemala (Fraser).
Guatemala.
Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé).
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama (Hughes).
Bogota.
Caracas, Venezuela (Goering).
Sam Esteban, Venezuela (Goering).
Venezuela (Goering).
Guiana.
I. of Mexiana, R. Amazons
(Wallace).
Chota, Peru (Stolzmann).
Brazil (?).
72. BLACICUS*.
tº e º & G tº e º & G & º 'º e º e º &
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
(Types of the species.)
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll,
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Type.
B. caribaeus.
Blacicus comes yery near the smaller forms of Contopus, but the
bill is larger and longer, and the wings are not so long.
strictly an Antillean type.
A. Bill shorter, broader: under surface not yellow.
1. bahamensis, p. 242.
Key to the Species.
a. Delly tinged with yellowish. . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Belly tinged with ochraceous.
a'. Crown nearly uniform with back:
e a e º e e º e º e s e º e º ſº * @
2.
3. hispaniolensis, p. 242.
It is
2. caribaeus, p. 24
back olivaceous
| back grey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
back brownish. . . . . . . . e i e e s = e e a e 4. pallidus, p. 243.
b'. Crown distinct from back:
| crown olive-brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
crown deep brown
c. Belly deep rufous
• * * * * * * * * * * * * *
5. blancoi, p. 243.
6. brunneicapillus, p.243.
. latirostris, p. 244.
B. Bill longer, narrower; belly sulphur-yellow 8. barbirostris, p. 244.
* Refer also to Bl, marčnicensis, Cory, Auk, 1887, p. 96, from Martinique,
allied to B. brunneicapillus.
WOL., XIV.
R
242 TYRANNIDAE.
~1.3 Blacicus bahamensis.
Empidonax bahamensis, Bryant, Proc. Boston Soc. N. H. vii. p. 109
(1861). ©
Contopus caribaeus, var. bahamensis, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B.
p. ii. p. 352. º
Contopus bahamensis, Cory, Birds of Bahamas, p. 101; Ridgw. Man.
N. A. B. p. 339.
Above mouse-brown; cap rather darker; wings and tail blackish,
wing-coverts and external secondaries slightly edged with whitish :
beneath dirty greyish white, slightly tinged with yellowish on the
breast and belly; under wing-coverts pale ochraceous; upper man-
dible dark, lower paler; feet black: whole length 5:5 inches, wing
2.9, tail 2-6. Female similar, but rather smaller.
Hab. Bahama Islands.
In this species, which seems to me to belong strictly to Blacicus,
there is no tinge of ochraceous colour below, except on the under
wing-coverts.
a, b. 6 S2 ad. sk. Nassau, Bahamas (Cory). Sclater Coll.
~2:4-Blacicus caribaºus.
Muscipeta caribaea, d'Orb. in La Sagra's Cuba, Aves, p. 77 (1839);
Lembeye, Av. de Cuba, p. 129.
Muscicapa caribaea, Gundl. Boston Journ. N. H. vi. p. 316.
Blacicus caribaeus, Cab. J. f. O. 1855, p. 480 (Cuba); Gundl. J. f. O.
1861, p. 328, et 1872, p. 426.
Contopus caribaeus, Baird, Brew. et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 351;
Ridgw. Man. W. A. B. p. 339.
Above dark grey, with a slight olivaceous tinge on the back;
wings and tail blackish, with slight lighter edgings to the wing-
coverts and external secondaries: beneath light greyish, with a strong
ochraceous tinge, except on the throat ; under wing-coverts pale
ochraceous; upper mandible dark, lower light, except at the tip;
feet blackish: whole length 5:5 inches, wing 2:8, tail 27.
Hab. Cuba.
a. Q ad. sk. Cuba. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Sam Cristobal, Cuba (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c, d. Ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Cuba. Salvin-Godman Coll.
..f. Ad, sk. Remedios, Cuba (Bishop). Smiths. Inst.
g Ad, sk. Guayaquil (??). Zool. Soc. Coll.
T3: Blacicus hispaniolensis.
Tyrannula carribaea, var. hispaniolensis, Bryant, Proc, Bost. Soc,
N. H. xi. p. 91 (1866).
Contopus frazari, Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 94 (1883).
Sayornis dominicensis, Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 95 (1883).
Contopus hispaniolensis, Cory, B. Haiti and San Domingo, p. 81.
Cº. fºibau, var, hispaniolensis, Baird, Brew.et Ridgw, N.A. B.
ii. p. 351.
72. BLACICUs. 243
Similar to B. cariboeus, but without the olivaceous tinge above,
and not so ochraceous below.
Hab. St. Domingo.
a. 9 ad, sk. Samaná, San Domingo, W. I. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(McGregor).
b. 3 ad. sk. La Vega, San Domingo, W. I. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Cory).
4." Blacicus pallidus.
Myiobius pallidus, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 166.
Blacicus pallidus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 77; Albrecht, J. f. O.
1862, p. 199.
Contopus pallidus, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 231; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl.
. 52.
Contopus caribaeus, var. pallidus, Baird, Brew. et Ridgw. W. A. B.
ii. p. 351.
Rhynchocyclus cerviniventris, Salvad. Att. Sc. It, vii. p. 153; cf.
Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 175.
Above brownish olive; wings and tail dark cinereous, slight
edgings to wing-coverts and outer secondaries ochraceous: beneath
dingy ochraceous grey, lighter on the throat; under wing-coverts
ochraceous; bill above dark, below whitish ; feet dark brown:
whole length 5:5 inches, wing 2:8, tail 27. Female similar.
Hab. Jamaica.
a. Ad. St. Jamaica. Purchased.
b. 6 a.d. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Bryant). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Bryant). Mrs. Bryant [P.J.
d. 6 a.d.; e. Moneague, Jamaica (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad, sk.
j. 6 ad, sk. Near Spanish Town, Jamaica Salvin-Godman Coll.
(March).
g. Ad, sk. Jamaica (Gosse). P.L. Sclater, Esq. º
h. Ad, sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Ad, sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Jardine Coll.
j. Ad, sk. Jamaica. §º Sclater Coll.
k. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Sclater Coll.
l, Ad, sk. Jamaica. Purchased.
~5. HElacicus blancoi.
Blacicus blancoi, Gundl. J. f. O. 1874, p. 311, et 1878, p. 171; id,
An. Soc. Esp. H. W. vii. p. 195; Cab. J. f. O. 1875, p. 224.
Like B. pallidus, but larger and darker above. (Cab.)
Hab. Porto Rico.
–6. Blacicus brunneicapillus.
Blacicus brunneicapillus, Lawr. Ann, N.Y. Ac. Sci, i. d. 161; id,
P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 59 (Dominica), et viii. p. 622 (Guadaloupe).
Above clear olive-brown; crown much darker brown ; Wings and
R 2
244 TYRANNIDAE.
tail brownish black, outer secondaries edged with very pale fulvous;
throat grey, tinged with fulvous on the lower part; abdomen and
under wing-coverts reddish ochreous: whole longth 5-7 inches,
wing 2-7, tail 2-5. (Lawrence.)
Hab. Dominica and Guadaloupe.
a. Jr. sk. Dominica (Angas). Sclater Coll.
7+Blacicus latirostris.
Myiobius latirostris, Verr. W. Arch. d. Mus, ii. Bull, p. 22, t. 3. fig.2
(1866); Sel. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 271 (S. Lucia); Semper, P. Z. S.
1872, p. 650.
Contopus latirostris, Sol, et Salv, Nomencl. p. 52; Cory, Ibis, 1886,
p. }; (St. Lucia).
Above dark olive-green; rump slightly ochraceous; Wings and
tail dark brown, outer secondaries slightly edged with greyish
fulvous: beneath uniform dark ochraceous red; upper mandible
dark, lower pale yellowish ; feet dark brown : whole length 5-2
inches, wing 2-6, tail 25. Female similar.
Plab. St. Lucia.
The deep rufous under-surface renders this species easily recog-
nizable. The tail is slightly rounded.
a, b. Ad, sk. St. Lucia, W. I. (Semper). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. St. Lucia, W. I. (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
8.4Blacicus barbirostris.
Tyrannula barbirostris, Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, i. p. 367.
Blacicus barbirostris, Sel. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 85; Sol, et Salv, Nomencl.
p. 53.
Myiobius tristis, Gosse, B. Jam, p. 167.
Blacicus tristis, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 480; Sol. Cat. A. B.
p. 234.
Myiarchus tristis, Coues, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil, 1872, p. 80; Baird, Brew.
et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 332.
Above sooty brown; crown and nape blackish ; wings and tail
blackish, with slight lighter edgings to the wing-coverts and outer
secondaries: beneath pale sulphur-yellow, throat light grey; under
wing-coverts like the belly; inner margins of wing-feathers pale
fulvous ; bill dark brown; feet blackish : whole length 5-8 inches,
wing 2:8, tail 28. Female similar.
Hab. Jamaica.
This species is intermediate between Blacicus and Myiarchus,
agreeing best in the structure of its bill with the former, and in the
style of its plumage with the latter form.
Myiarchus platyrhynchus, Ridgw., Pr. U.S. N. M. viii. p. 570,
from Cozumel, described from spirit-specimens, is stated to be closely
related to this species.
73. MYIOCHANES. 245
a, b. 'Ad, sk. Jamaica (Osburn). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Sclater Coll,
d. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Jamaica. P. H. Gosse [C.].
f. Ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Bryant). Salvin–Godman Coll.
g. Ad, sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Bryant). Mrs. Bryant [P].
h. Ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (O. Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
& d ad. sk. Jamaica (Newton). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Jamaica. P.L.Sclater, Esq.[P.].
K, l. Ad, sk. Jamaica (Chitty). Jardine Coll.
73. MYIOCHANES #. Type
Myiochanes, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 71 (1859). M. cinereus.
This diminutive form comes also very near to the smaller species of
Contopus, particularly C. brachytarsus. But the bill is smaller and
the wings are not quite so long.
Myiochanes is found in Brazil and Ecuador.
Key to the Species.
A. Larger: cinereous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. cinereus, p. 245,
B. Smaller: blackish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. nigrescens, p. 246.
1. Myiochames cinereus.
Platyrhynchus cinereus, Spix, Av. Bras. ii. p. 11, pl. 13. f. 2.
Myiarchus cinereus, Cab. Wiegm, Arch. 1847, i. p. 248; Burm. Syst.
Ueb. ii. p. 473.
Tyrannula cinerea, Bp. Consp. i. p. 190.
Contopus cinereus, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. i. 1855, p. 479.
Myiochanes cinereus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 71; Sel. Cat.
A. B. p. 232; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 116; Sel. et Salv. Womencl.
p. 52; Reinh. Fugelf. Camp. Bras. p. 141; Forbes, Ibis, 1881,
. 343.
Tºmi, curtipes, Sw, Orn. Dr. pl. 54.
Above sooty cineleous, head blacker : wings and tail sooty brown:
beneath dirty cinereous; bill dark brown above, pale below ; feet
blackish : whole length 5-0 inches, wing 2-9, tail 25. Female
similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll.
b. 3 ad. sk. Rio, Brazil (Lund). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Ypanema, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. .
d. Q ad. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner), Salvin-Godman Coll.
# The following seems to be allied to Myiochanes, but is unknown to me:–
PLANCHESIA FULIGINOSA.
Gobe-mouche brun de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. En!. 574. fig. 1.
Muscicapa fusca, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl, p. 34 (1783).
Muscicapa fuliginosa, Gm. S. N. i. p. 932. *
Planchesia fuligimosa, Bp. Cat. Ois, Cayenne, p. 12; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859,
p. 43.
246 TYRANNIDAE.
2. Myiochanes nigrescens.
Myiochanes nigrescens, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 157 (Ecuador).
Čačac, tº 571)/ Myiochanes cineraceus, Taez. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539 P
A
Above sooty blackish, crown, wings, and tail rather darker:
beneath slightly paler, rather more cineraceous; upper mandible
dark brown, lower paler; feet blackish: whole length 4:4 inches,
wing 2-7, tail 2:3.
Flab. Ecuador.
Quite distinct from M. cineracews, from its uniform blackish colour
and smaller size.
a. SP ad. sk. Gualaquiza, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
c, d. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Types of the species.)
74. MYIARCHUS #. T
- ype.
Myiarchus, Cab. in Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 152 (1845). . M. ferox.
“Despotina, Kaup, 1851,” Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 363. . M. ferox.
Myionax, Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 73 (1859).. M. crimitus.
Onychopterus, Reichenb. Av. Syst, Nat. t. lxv. (1850) M. tuberculifer.
Kaupornis, Bp. Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. iv. Zool. i. p. 133
(1854) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . M. stolidus f.
“Tarsus equal to or not longer than the middle toe, which is
decidedly longer than the hinder one. Bill wider at the base than
half the culmen. Tail broad, long, even or slightly rounded, about
equal to the wings, which scarcely reach the middle of the tail; the
first primary shorter than the sixth.”—N. A. B. ii. p. 329.
Myiarchus is distributed all over North and South America and
the Antilles, and extends to the Galapagos.
Key to the Species.
A. Olive and grey: belly sulphur-yellow.
a. Larger-sized species: group of M. crimitus.
a'. With rufous margins to the tail-feathers.
a". Under wing-coverts pale yellow.
a". Throat deep ashy: belly sulphur-
yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Crinitus, p. 247.
b". Throat pale ashy; belly light sul-
phur-yellow.
a". Tip of inner web of outer rectrix
blackish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. cinerascens, p. 248,
b°. Tip of inner web of outer rectrix
rufous.
a". Inner web of outer rectrix
wholly rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. nuttingi, p. 250.
* Refer also to—
(1) M. Sclateri, Lawr. Pr. U.S. N. M. i. p. 357 (Martinique).
(2) M. brachyurus, Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 334 (Nicaraguá).
f Cf. Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 358 -
74. MYIARCHUs. 247
b”. Inner web of outer rectrix partly
blackish :
}: larger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, meanicanus, p. 250.
rather Smaller . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. tyrannulus, p. 251.
b". Under wing-coverts rufous. . . . . . . . . . 6. validus, p. 252.
b'. Without rufous margins to the tail-
feathers.
c". Tail uniform.
c". Cap brownish.
cº, Back darker:
bill longer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. feroa, p. 253.
bill shorter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. cephalotes, p. 254.
d". Back lighter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. pelzelni, p. 255.
d". Cap black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, phoonotus, p. 255.
e". Cap dark greyish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. phaocephalus, p.255.
d". Tail with brown-white end-spots ... 12, apicalis, p. 256.
b. Smaller-sized species (group of M. lawrencii).
c'. Breast not flammulated.
e". Rectrices blackish, sometimes with
slight rufous margins.
f". Rectrices with narrow rufous
margins:
cap brownish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. lawrencii, p. 256.
cap black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. nigricapillus, p. 257.
g". Rectrices without rufous margins.
e”. Cap black; back olive:
smaller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15. nigriceps, p. 258.
larger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. atriceps, p. 259.
f*. Cap blackish; backgreyish brown 17. tricolor, p. 259.
f". Lateral rectrices on inner webs more
or less rufous.
h". Larger : bill longer,
g". Lat. rectr. on inner webs rufous
throughout.
c". Abdomen pale sulphur-yellow.
a". Abdomen brighter; prima-
ries edged with ferruginous:
back lighter; bill broader . 18. yucatanensis, p. 260.
}: darker; bill narrower 19, dominicensis, p. 260.
b°. Abdomen paler; primaries
edged with rufous. . . . . . . . 20 stolidus, p. 260.
d". Abdomen white, washed with
yellowish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21. Sagra, p. 261.
h". Lat, rectr. only rufous at ends . . 22, antillarum, p. 262.
2". Smaller : bill shorter. . . . . . . . . . . . 23. magnirostris, p. 262.
d'. Breast flammulated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24, flammulatus, p. 263.
B. Above grey : beneath rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, semirufus, p. 263.
1st-Myiarchus crimitus.
Muscicapa crimita, Linn. S. N. i. p. 325; Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 75,
1. 13, fig. 2.
Tºnº cinitus, Sw, Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 271; Mar. J. f. O.
1858, p. 182. .*
T i. crimita, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 51.
M. crimitus, Cab. J. f. O. 1855, p. 479; Baird, B. N. Am.
248 TYRANNIDAE.
p. 178; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 232; Sel. et Salv, Ibis, 1859, jº 122,
440; iid. Nomencl. p. 52; Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. W. A. B. ii.
p. 334; Coues, Key W. A. B. 1884, p. 434; Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y.
vii. p. 327 (Panama), et ix. p. 115 (Costa Rica); Dresser, Ibis,
1865, p. 473 (Texas); Frantz, J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica);
Gundl, J. f. O. 1871, p. 293, et 1872, p. 420 (Cuba); Boucard,
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64 (Costa Rica); Nehrling, J. f. O. 1883, p. 88;
Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 303 (Bucaramanga); Merrill, P. U.S. N. M.
i. p. 137 (Texas); Ridgw. Proc. Biol, Soc, Wash. ii. p. 92; id. Man,
N. A. B. p. 333,
Muscicapa ludoviciana, Gm. S. N. i. p. 934.
Tyrannus ludovicianus, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 75. pl. 45.
Myionax crinitus, Cab, et Heim. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 73.
Myiarchus crimitus, var, crinitus, Cowes, Pº. Ac. Sc. Phil, 1872, p. 63.
Gobe-mouche huppé de Virginie, Daub. Pl. Enl. 569, fig, 1.
Tyrannus irritabilis, Pieill. Enc. Méth. p. 847.
Abovo dull greonish olive; crown brownish ; wings dull blackish,
primaries edged externally with clear rufous, secondaries and wing-
coverts bordered with whitish ; tail blackish brown ; whole inner
webs of all the lateral rectrices clear rufous : beneath, throat and
neck ashy; abdomen sulphur-yellow; under wing-coverts sulphur-
yellow ; inner margins of remiges fulvous ; bill dark horn-colour;
feet black : whole length 8 inches, wing 4-1, tail 3.5. Female
similar.
Hab. Eastern North America (in summer) and south through
Mexico and Central America to Panama and Colombia.
The darker ashy neck and brighter yellow abdomen are generally
sufficient to distinguish this species from its congeners, besides the
greater amount of rufous in the tail-feathers.
a—c. Ad. St. N. America. Purchased.
d, e. g. ad. ; f-h. Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale). Sclater Coll.
9 a.d.; i, Ad, sk.
j. 6 a.d. sk. Michigan, Prof. Steere ſp.).
k. Ad. sk. New Jersey, U. S. A. (Wil– Sclater 3. |
SO?? ).
l. Ad. sk. New York (Hurst). Tweeddale Coll.
m. Ad. Sk. Niagara Falls. J. Gould, Esq. [C.].
n. 6 a.d. sk. Distr. of Colombia, U. S. A. Salvin-Godman Coll.
o. 6 ad. ; p. 2.
Jr. sk.
(Coues).
Distr. of Colombia, U. S. A.
Sclater Coll.
q. Ad, sk. Choctum, VeralPaz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
r. Ad, sk. Vera Paz. J. Gould, Esq.
8, 9 ad. sk. Livingston, Guatemala Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Salvin).
t. Ó ad, sk. Lion Hill, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
(McLeannan).
23 Myiarchus cinerascens.
Tyrannula cinerascens, Lawr. Ann. Lye, N. Y. v. p. 121 (1851).
Myiarchus cinerascens, Sel. et Salo, Ibis, 1859, p. 121; iid. Womenol.
p. 52; Sol, Ibis, 1859, p. 440; id. P. Z. S. IS59, p. 384, et 187 l,
74. MYIARCHUs. 249
p. 85; id. Cat. A. B. p. 233; Coues, Pr. Ac. Sei, Philad, 1872,
p. 69; id. Key W. A. B. 1884, p. 436; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878,
p. 64 (Costa Rica); Merrill, P. U.S. W. M. i. p. 141 (Texas);
Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 424, et v. p. 541 (California); id. Man.
N. A. B. p. 333.
Myionax mexicanus, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 74.
Myiarchus mexicanus, Baird, B. N. A. p. 179; Cooper, Orn. Cal. i.
p. 316.
Myiarchus pertinax, Baird, Pr. Ac. Sci. Philad. 1859, p. 303 (Cape
S. Lucas).
Myiarchus crinitus, var. cinerascens, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A.
B. ii. pp. 332, 337.
Above ashy brown, with very slight olivaceous tinge; wings
blackish, primaries narrowly margined with rufous, secondaries and
coverts more broadly with dirty white; tail blackish, with the inner
webs of the lateral rectrices clear rufous except at the tips, which
are blackish like the outer webs: beneath, throat, neck, and breast
pale cinereous; belly and under wing-coverts very pale lemon-
yellow ; inner margins of remiges pale rufous; bill horn-colour;
feet blackish : whole length 8 inches, wing 4, tail 3-7. Female
similar.
Hab. California, Arizona, Texas, and Western Mexico to
Guatemala.
This western species is noticeably different from M. crinitus in
its much paler colouring below and in the black tips of the lateral
rectrices, which extend over both webs. As regards the last-
mentioned feature, however, I have had great difficulty in drawing
the line in southern specimens between this species and M. meat-
CQ/???.S.
a. Ad. sk. California. Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. California. º, Walsingham
P.T.
c. Ad, sk. Fort Yuma, Cal. (Moll- sº Coll.
hausen).
d, e. Q jr. sk. Cape San Lucas, Lower Salvin-Godman Coll.
California (Xantus).
f. 6 ad. sk. La Paz, Lower California Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Forrer).
g. Ad. sk. North Mexico (Ward). Sclater Coll.
h. 6 a.d. sk. Juchitan, Mexico (Sumi- Salvin-Godman Coll.
chrast).
i,j. 3 Q ad, sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico (For- Salvin-Godman Coll.
rer).
k. Ad, sk. S. Juan, Mexico (Rébouch). Sclater Coll.
l, m, 2 ad, sk. Oaxaca, W. Mexico (Feno- Salvin-Godman Coll.
chio),
n. Ad, sk. Mexico. J. Gould, Esq. [P.].
o. Ad, sk. Mexico. Purchased.
p, q, 6 @ ad, sk. Barranco Hondo, Volcan de Salvin-Godman Coll,
Fuego, Guatemala (Salv.).
r. Q ad. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salv.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
s. Ad, sk. Choacus, Guatemala (Salv.). Salvin-Godman Coll.
t. Ad, sk.
Guatemala,
Sclater Coll.
250 TYRANNIDAE.
-3. "Myiarchus nuttingi.
Myiarchus nuttingi, Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. v. p. 399, vi. pp. 379, 393
(Nicaragua); id. Proc. Biol. Soe, Wash. ii. p. 92; d. Man. N. A.
B. p. 384.
Nearly similar to M. meanicanus and M. cinerascens, but with the
inner webs of all the lateral rectrices either wholly rufous or with a
very narrow strip of blackish next to the shaft on the outer feather.
(Ridgway.)
Hab. Tehuantepec and south to Costa Rica and Nicaragua.
I have as yet seen only one example of this apparently somewhat
doubtful species, which comes very near M. meanicanus.
a. Qad, sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
4.*Myiarchus mexicanus.
Tyrannula mexicana, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 51.
Myiarchus cooperi, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 180; Sel. P. Z. S. 1859,
p. 384; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 440 (Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 232;
Sel, et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 122 (Guatemala); id. P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 837 (Honduras).
Myiarchus crimitus cooperi, Coues, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil, 1872, p. 67; id.
Key, 1884, p. 435; Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 331.
Myiarchus mexicanus, Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 473 (Texas);)Sel. P. Z. S.
1871, pp. 84, 85; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52; Ridgw. Pr. U.S.
N. M. iii. p. 13; d. Man. W. A. B. p. 333.
Myiarchus crinitus erythrocercus, Coues et Senn. Bull, U.S. G. S. iv.
p. 32 (Texas); Coues, Key, 1884, p. 435.
Myiarchus erythrocercus, var, cooperi, Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i.
. 138.
Māºus mexicanus magister, Ridgw. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. ii.
p. 90; d. Man. W. A. B. p. 333.
Myiarchus erythrocercus, Brewer, Ibis, 1878, p. 205 (Texas).
Above brownish cinereous, crown rather darker; wings blackish,
primaries narrowly edged with rufous, secondaries and coverts more
broadly with dirty white; tail blackish, all the lateral rectrices with
the greater part of the inner web rufous, leaving only a narrow
blackish border alongside the shaft: beneath, throat and breast pale
cinereous; belly and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow; inner
margins of rectrices pale rufous; bill dark horn-colour; feet blackish:
whole length 7-8 inches, wing 4, tail 3:5. Female similar.
Hab. Mexico, Yucatan, and Honduras.
I confess I cannot see the necessity for dividing this species into
two subspecies solely on size, as Mr. Ridgway has done; nor do I
understand the supposed geographical boundaries between the two
subspecies. The specimen that agrees best with T. meanicana of Kaup
is specimen a ; specimen b, from Oaxaca, is nearly similar, but very
slightly longer in the wing. These are from Western Mexico, but
so are also e and f (from the Tres Marias), which are decidedly
larger. Again, in the series from Yucatan and its islands there is
much diversity in size. So on the whole I rather doubt whether
the size has much to do with the distribution,
74. MYIARCHUs. 251
a. Ad, sk. Atlisco, Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll.
b. 3 ad. sk. Oaxaca, W. Mexico (Fenochio). Salvin-Godman Coll
c. Ad, sk. South Mexico (Boucard). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.
e, f. 6 2 ad, sk.
Tres Marias Islands, W.
Mexico (Forrer).
Salvin–Godman Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Merida, Yucatan (Gaumer). Sclater Coll.
h, . Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j–0. Ad, sk. Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gau- Salvin-Godman Coll.
7726.7°).
p—a. Ad, sk. Rºtº I., Bay of Honduras Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Gaumer).
gy. Ad, sk. San Pedro, Honduras (G. M. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Whitely).
5. Myiarchus tyrannulus.
Tyrannus cayanensis minor, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 400.
Le petit Tyran de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Enl. 571, fig. 1.
Muscicapa tyrannulus, P. L. S., Müll. Naturs. Suppl. p. 169 (1776).
Myiarchus tyrannulus, White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (rep, Arg.); Sel.
et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 156.
Muscicapa aurora, Bodd, Table d. Pl. Enl. p. 34 (1783).
Muscicapa ferox, 8, Gm. S. W. i. p. 934 (1788).
Suiriri pardo y roxo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 143.
Tyrannus crinifus, Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 13; d'Orb. Voy., Ois, p. 306.
Tyrannus irritabilis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189.
Tyrannus ferox, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 848.
Myiarchus ferox, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 470 (?); Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 116 (part.).
Myiarchus erythrocercus, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 631 (Vene-
zuela); iid. Nomencl. p. 52; Scl. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 271 (St. Lucia);
Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 333 (Colombia); Semper, P. Z. S. 1872,
p. 650 (St. Lucia); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (Santa
Marta); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 320; Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 140.
Myiarchus crinitus, var. irritabilis, Coues, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1872,
p. 65; Baird, Brew. et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 331 (part.).
Myiarchus oberi, Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. i. pp. 59, 191, 239, 271,
et viii. p. 622 (W. Indies); id. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. i. p. 48;
Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 41 (St. Vincent); Sel. Ibis, 1880, p. 74 (W.
Indies); Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 473 (St. Vincent).
Myiarchus erythrocercus, var. erythrocercus, Ridgw. Pr. U.S. N. M.
i. p. 140.
Similar to M. meðicanus, but rather smaller in dimensions.
Hab. Southern Antilles and South America down to Argentine
Republic.
*
As Graf v. Berlepsch has pointed out (Ibis, 1883, p. 139, note),
the figure in the ‘Planches Enluminées, upon which the names
Musc. tyrannulus, Müller, and M. avrora, Bodd., were based, clearly
belongs to this species, with rufous inner webs to the tail-feathers,
which Mr. Salvin and I distinguished as erythrocercus when we first
became acquainted with it.
the oldest name to this species.
I think it right, therefore, to restore
252 TYRANNIDAE.
a. Ad, St. Jamaica Ç P. H. Gosse [P.].
b. 6 a.d. sk. Grenada, West Indies (Ober). Salvin-Godman Coll.
º ad.; f. 2 Grenada, West Indies(Wells). Sclater Coll.
ad. sk.
g. Ad, sk. Nevis, West Indies. W. Cottle, Esq. [9].
h. Q ad. sk. St.Vincent, W.Indies (Lister). Salvin-Godman Coll.
8, j. 3 & ad. sk. St. Yºw. Indies (Rich- Sclater Coll.
ardson).
k, l. 3 Q ad, sk. Dominica, W. Indies (Ober). Sclater Coll.
m. Ad, sk. Dominica, W.Indies (Taylor). Sclater Coll.
'm, o. Ad, sk. St. Lucia, W. Indies (Semper). Sclater Coll.
p. Ad. sk. Tobago (Thirsk). Sclater Coll.
q, Q ad, sk. Santa Marta, U.S.C.(Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.
r. Ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
s. Ad. sk. Trinidad. Salvin-Godman Coll.
t. Ad. sk. Cayenne (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
w. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].
v. Ad. sk. Maranura, Peru (Whitely). Salvin–Godman Coll.
w. & ad. sk. Eng. do Gama, Brazil (Nat- Salvin-Godman Coll.
terer).
a', y. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
a'. Ad. Sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
b'. Ad, sk. Catamarca, Arg.Rep. (White). Sclater Coll.
6.4Myiarchus validus.
Myiarchus validus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 351; Scl. P. Z. S.
1861, p. 76 (Jamaica); id, Cat. A. B. p. 232; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 52; Coues, Pr, A6. Sc, Phil, 1872, p. 62; Baird, Brew, et Ridgw.
N. A. B. ii. p. 331.
Tyrannus crinitus, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 186.
Tyrannula gossii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 51.
Myionax validus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 73.
Above brownish cinereous, crown darker; wings blackish edged
with rufous; tail blackish, the lateral rectrices with the greater
portion of the inner webs and narrow edgings to the outer webs
rufous, leaving only a black line along the shaft : beneath, throat
and breast pale cinereous; abdomen pale sulphur-yellow ; under
wing-coverts pale rufous; bill dark horn-colour, base of the lower
mandible pale; feet blackish : whole longth 8:5 inches, wing 4,
tail 3.9. Female similar.
Hab. Jamaica.
The rufous wing-edgings, fulvous under wing-coverts, and greater
amount of rufous in the tail at once distinguish this well-marked
species.
a. Ad. Sk, Moneague, Jamaica § Salvin-Godman Coll,
b. Ad. sk. Moneague, Jamaica (Salvin). Mrs. Bryant [P.].
c. Ad. sk. Near Spanish Town, Jamaica Salvin-Godman Coll.
(March).
d. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Allen). Sclater Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse), Sclater Coll.
, Ad sk. Jamaica, Salvin-Godman Coll,
74. MYIARCHUs. 253
7. Myiarchus ferox.
Tyrannus cayanensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 398.
Muscicapa ferox, Gm. S. W. i. p. 934; Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 855.
Tyrannus ferox, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 306.
Myiarchus ferox, Cab. Orn. Not. i. p. 248; id. Schomb. Guian, iii.
p. 700; Sol. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota); id. Cat. A. B. p. 233;
Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 73; Burn. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 470
(Q); Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 87 (Trinidad); Euler, J. f. O. 1867,
p.228 (Brazil); Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 578 (Lower Amazons),
1868, p. 168 (Venezuela), et 1873, p. 281 (E. Peru); Reinh.
Fuglef. Camp. Bras. p. 141; Sel, et Huds. Arg. Orn. i. p. 156.
Myiarchus tyrannulus, Coues, P. Ac. Phil. 1872, p. 71; Scl., et
Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 515 (Antioquia) et p. 616 (Bolivia); iid.
Nomencl. p. 52; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 22; id. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 321; Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. W. A. B. ii. p. 330; Salv, et
Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (St. Marta); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 343
(N.E. Brazil); White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (rep. Arg.); Salv.
Ibis, 1885, p. 298 (Br. Guiana); Barrows, Bull, Nutt. Orn. Cl.
viii. }. 202 (Entrerios).
Myiarchus swainsoni, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 72; Sel. Cat.
A. B. p. 233; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 161 (rep. Arg.).
Myiarchus cantans, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 117; Berl, Ibis, 1883, p. 139;
Berl, et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 137 (Rio Grande do Sul).
Myiarchus panamensis, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. pp. 284, 295
(Panama), et ix. p. 115 (Costa Rica); Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864,
p. 360 (Panama); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica);
Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 199 (Veragua); Bouc, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64
(Costa Rica).
Myiarchus venezuelensis, Lawr. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil., 1865, p. 38; Sel.
et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 632 (Venezuela). /N
Myiarchus ferocior, Cab. J. f. O. 1883, p. 214 (rep. Arg.).
Above dark cinereous, more or less olivaceous : wings and tail
blackish, wing-coverts and outer secondaries with more or less
defined edgings of dirty white: beneath, throat and breast cinereous;
abdomen and under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow ; bill dark brown;
feet blackish : whole length 7-0 inches, wing 3-6, tail 3:4. Female
similar.
Hab. From Veragua throughout South America to Argentine
Bepublic.
As has been pointed out by Graf von Berlepsch (Ibis, 1883, p. 139),
Gmelin's Muscicapa feroa was based primarily on Brisson's Tyrannus
cayanensis, which is certainly this species, and not on Pl. Enl. 571,
fig. 2, as has been generally assumed. I think, therefore, that we
cannot well avoid using the specific name “feroa, ’’ for this bird.
a. 3 ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
c, d. Ad. Sk, Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. Ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
g, h, i. Ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Tweeddale Coll.
j. Ad, sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Hughes).
k. Ad, sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.
254
TYRANNIDAE.
J. Ad, sk.
m. Ad, sk.
n. Ad, sk.
o, G. Ad, sk.
p. Ad. sk.
q. Ad, sk.
r. Ad. sk.
s. Ad, sk.
t. Ad, sk.
w. Ad, sk.
v. Q ad. sk.
w. 6 a.d. sk.
a'. 6 a.d. sk.
$y, 9 ad. sk.
2. SP ad. sk.
a', b'. Ad. sk.
c'. 6 a.d. sk.
d'. Ad. sk.
e', f'. Ad. sk.
g', h". Ad. sk.
''. Ad. sk.
j'. Ad, sk.
k'. Ad, sk.
!", m'. & ad. sk.
m', o'. 6 ad. sk. ;
p'. Q ad. sk.
g'. Ad, sk.
a'. Ad, sk.
s', t'. Ad. sk.
w", v', 'w'. Ad, sk.
a'. Ad. sk.
y'. Ad, sk.
z'. 6 a.d. sk.
a". 3 ad, sk.
b”. Ad. Sk,
c". Ad. sk.
d". 3 ad. sk.
e", f". Ad, sk.
g". Ad, sk.
Santa Elena, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Bogota.
Bogota.
San Esteban, Venezuela (Goe-
ring).
Venezuela (Goering).
Trinidad.
Tobago (Kirk).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
IEastern Peru.
Pebas, E. Peru (Hawa well).
Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well).
Yurimaguas, E. Peru (Bartlett).
Chamicuros, E. Peru.
Santa Cruz, E. Peru.
Xeberos, E. Peru §.
Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett
Upper Ucayali.
Tilotilo, Prov, Yungas, Bolivia
(Buckley).
Typuani, Bolivia (Buckley).
Typuani, Bolivia (Buckley).
Bolivia.
Bolivia.
British Guiana.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll,
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
E. Bartlett [O.T.
E. Bartlett či
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
E. Bartlett [C.].
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
T. Bridges [C.],
Sclater Coll.
ciº Schomburgk
Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
Camacusa, British Guiana
(Whitely).
Island of Mexiana, Lower Ama-
zons (Wallace).
Para (Wallace).
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer).
Bahia, Brazil.
Erazil.
Sapetiba, Brazil (Natterer).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimen of M. cantans, Pelz.)
Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner).
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil (Joyner).
Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres.
Mendoza, Arg. Rep. (Weis-
haupt).
Mendoza, Arg. Rep. (Weis-
haupt).
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
H. Durnford [C].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Vicinity of Buenos Ayres (Hasle- Salvin-Godman Coll.
hust).
`-8. Myiarchus cephalotes.
Myiarchus cephalotes, Tacz, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 671, et 1882, p. 22; d.
Orn. Pér. ii. p. 322; Reich, u. Schal. J. f. O. 1880, p. 317; Tacz, et
Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador).
Myiarchus ferox, Tsch. F. P., Aves, p. 153 (?).
74. MYIARCHUs. 255
Similar to M. ferow, but bill shorter; outer margin of external
rectrix more distinctly white, and whitish margins of wing-coverts
and secondaries more strongly marked: whole length 7-0 inches,
wing 3:8, tail 3-7. Female similar.
JHab. Western Peru and Ecuador.
I cannot say that I am at all satisfied as to the claims of this
form for specific distinction.
a. c ad, sk. Tamiapampa, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
b. ? ad. sk. Chirimoto, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
c, d. Ad, sk. Chirimoto, Peru (Stolzmann). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Authentic specimens.)
~9. Myiarchus pelzelni.
Myiarchus pelzelni, Berl. Ibis, 1883, p. 139.
Similar to M. feroa, but of much paler colouring; back olive-
grey and not olive-brown ; cap rather lighter; throat and breast
more whitish ; bill longer and paler in colour.
Hab. S.E. Brazil and Cayenne.
I am also not quite certain that this form is anything more than
a variety of M. ferov. Count v. Berlepsch has kindly supplied me
with one of his typical specimens, and a skin, apparently from
Cayenne, seems to agree quite well with it.
a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll. (One
of the types.)
b. Ad, sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
~10. Myiarchus phasonotus.
Myiarchus phaeonotus, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 207; Salv, Ibis,
1885, p. 298 (Brit. Guian.).
Above greyish black, cap darker black; wings and tail blackish,
wing-coverts and outer secondaries margined with dirty white:
beneath, throat and upper breast pale greyish ; abdomen and under
wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill and feet black : whole length
6-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 3:5. Female similar.
Hab. Interior of British Guiana.
The dark-coloured back and black head distinguish this species
from M. feroa.
a. Q ad, sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b, c. 6 ad.; d. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
Q ad, sk. (Whitely). (Types of the species.)
e. Q ad. Sk, Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll,
(Whitely).
11:TMyiarchus pha-ocephalus.
Myiarchus phaeocephalus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 281 (Ecuador);
ãd. Cat. A. B. p. 233; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 237 (Puna I.);
Coues, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil, 1872, p. 73; Sol, et Salv. Womencl. p. 52;
256 TYRANNIDAE,
Tacz, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 326; id. Orn, Pér, 11, p. 328; Bert, et Tacz,
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 559, et 1885, pp. 93, 122 (Ecuador).
Myiarchus tyrannulus, var. phaeocephalus, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw.
N. A. B. ii. p. 330.
Above olivaceous grey, crown dark grey; wings blackish, with
narrow whitish edgings to the primaries and borders of the same
colour to the secondaries and coverts; tail blackish, with lighter
apical edgings: beneath, throat and neck pale greyish ; abdomen and
under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; whole length 7-0 inches,
wing 3-5, tail 3:4. Female similar.
Hab. Western Ecuador and Western Peru.
Very closely allied to M. ferow, but apparently recognizable by its
greyish back and dark grey head.
a. g ad.; b. ad. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
sk. (Types of the species.)
c, d. Ad. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illing- Salvin-Godman Coll.
worth).
-12.*Myiarchus apicalis.
Myiarchus apicalis, Sel. et Salv. Ibis, 1881, p. 269; Reich, u. Schal.
J. f. O. 1882, p. 217.
Above dark olivaceous; head blackish ; wings blackish ; wing-
coverts and secondaries slightly edged with whitish ; tail blackish ;
outer web of outer rectrix and broad apical spot on all the lateral
rectrices white : beneath, throat and neck grey; abdomen and under
wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill and feet black: whole length
7 inches, wing 3-5, tail 3:3.
Hab. Interior of Columbia.
The broad apical white spots on the lateral tail-feathers at once
distinguish this species.
a. Ad.; b. Jr. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types
of the species.)
c, d. Ad, sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll.
13. Myiarchus lawrencii.
Muscicapa lawrencei, Giraud, B. of Tevas, 1841, pl. 2, fig. 1.
Myiarchus lawrencii, Baird, B. W. Am. p. 181; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859,
pp. 366, 384; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 440; id. Cat. A. B. p. 233; Sclat.
et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 121 (Guatemala); iid P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837
(Honduras); iid. Nomencl. p. 52; G. C. Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 114
(Honduras); Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. viii. p. 182 (Nicaragua), et
ix. pp. 115, 204; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica); Coues,
Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1872, p. 74; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 448 (Yuca-
tan); Ridgw. Man. W. A. B. p. 335.
Myiarchus rufomarginatus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 73.
Myiarchus mexicanus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 296.
M. tristis, var. lawrencii, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. W. A. B. ii.
p. 333.
74. MYIARCHUs.
257
Myiarchus lawrencii olivascens, Ridgw. Proc. Biol. Soe, Wash. ii.
p. 91; id. Man. W. A. B.
p. 335.
Myiarchus platyrhynchus, Ridgw. Proc, Biol. Soc. Wash. iii. p. 23;
id. Man. W. A. B. p. 335 (?).
Above dull olive-green; head brownish; wings and tail blackish,
with narrow rufous external margins: beneath, throat and neck
pale cinereous; abdomen and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-
yellow ; bill horn-colour; feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing
3-5, tail 3:4. Female similar.
Hab. Mexico, Yucatan, Guatemala, and Honduras.
No precise line can be drawn between this and the following
species, which pass gradually one into the other.
(Cf. Baird,
Brewer, and Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 333.) But I am inclined to
refer all the Guatemalan series to the present form.
a. Ad, sk. Mexico (Sallé). Sclater Coll.
ð. Ad. sk. Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri). Sclater Coll.
c. A d. sk. Orizaba (Botteri). Purchased.
d. & ad. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. 6 @ ad. sk. Tres Marias I., W. Mexico Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Forrer).
g, h. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2–p. Ad. sk. Cozumel I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin–Godman Coll.
q. Ad. Sk. Vicinity of Belize, Brit. Hon- Salvin-Godman Coll.
duras (Blancaneaua).
7. 92 ad. sk. Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Guatemala (Salvin).
s, t. Ad. sk. Coban, Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
w. Q ad. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
v. 9 a.d. sk. Dueñas (Fraser). Jardine Coll.
w. d, ad. Sk, Volcan de Agua, above San Salvin-Godman Col.
Diego (Salvin).
a. Ad. sk. Volcan de Agua (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
gy. Q ad. Sk, Yaxcamnal,Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Jr. sk. Honduras (Mather). Sclater Coll.
a', Jr. sk. Honduras. Dyson [C].
b'. Ad. sk. Saml?edro, Honduras (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
14. Myiarchus migricapillus.
Myiarchus lawrencii, Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 249; Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y.
viii. p. 182, et ix. p. 204; Frantz, J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa
#. Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64.
Myiarchus lawrencii nigricapillus, Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. vi. pp. 384,
393 (Nicaragua).
Myiarchus nigricapillus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 233; Lawr. Ann. L. W. Y.
ix. p. 115; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148, et 1870, p. 199 (Veragua);
Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 279 (Mosquitia); Frantz. J. f. O.
1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica).
Myiarchus tristis, var. nigricapillus, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. W. A. B.
ii. p. 333.
Similar to M. lawrencii, but cap sooty black, and yellow abdomen
brighter.
Hab. Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Veragua.
WOL., XIV.
258 TYRANNIDAE.
a, b. Ad, sk. Costa Rica (Mus. Berol.). Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimens.)
c. Ad, sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. San José, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. 6 a.d. sk. Pacnare, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g, Jr. sk. Irazu district, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Costa Rica. Purchased.
7. Ad, sk. Blewfields, Nicaragua (Wick- Salvin-Godman Coll.
ham).
j. 6 ad. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
k, l, 6 & ad. sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. Sº ad, sk. Volcan de Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
15& Myiarchus nigriceps.
Myiarchus nigriceps, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 68, 295 (Ecuador);
id. Cat. A. B. p. 234; Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360 A
(Panama), 1868, p. 168 (Venezuela), et(1879, p. 616 (Bolivia); , . a’, e.g. 2
id. Womencl. p. 52; Lawr. Ann. L. W. Y. vii. p. 327; Wyatt, zºº. ..
Ibis, 1871, p. 333 (Colombia); Coues, Pr, Ac. Sc. Phil. 1872, p. 75;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, 1879, p. 235, 1880, p. 203, et 1882, p. 22;
id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 324; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (Sta.
Marta); Tacz, el Berl, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 559, et 1884, p. 297
(Ecuador); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 298 (Brit. Guiana).
Mºº tristis, war, nigriceps, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii.
. 333.
Mºs tuberculifer, Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 304 (Bucaramanga).
Above greenish olive; cap black; wings and tail blackish, more
or less margined with brownish : beneath, throat and neck pale
grey; abdomen and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; inner
margins of wing-feathers fulvous; bill dark horn-colour; feet black:
whole length 6-3 inches, wing 3-1, tail 27. Female similar.
Hab. Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, and Amazonia.
This bird seems to be always smaller than the two preceding
species. Only in young specimens is there occasionally some rufous
edging to the tail-feathers.
a. 6 ad. Sk, Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species,
b. 6 a.d. sk. Pallatanga. - L. Fraser [C.]. .
c, d. 6 ad. Sk, Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
e. Ad. Sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
g, Ad. Sk. Balzar jº Ecuador (ſlling- Salvin-Godman Coll.
2007'th).
h. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. Ad, sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.
j, Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
k, l, d ? ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ºn. Ad, sk. Herradura, Magdalena Valley Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Wyatt).
77. 6 a.d. sk. Minca, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o, p. Ad, sk Bogota, Sclater Coll,
74. MYIARCHUs. 259
q. Ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
7. Ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Sclater Coll.
(Hanke).
S. dº ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
t. 6 a.d.; it—w. Roraima, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll
$2 ad. sk. (Whitely).
a', d' ad. sk. Yguitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
$/. Ad, sk. Yquitos, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
T16. Myiarchus atriceps.
Myiarchus atriceps, Cab. J. f. O. 1883, p. 215; Sol, et Huds. Arg.
Orn. i. p. 157.
Myiarchus nigriceps, Sol, et Salv, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 616 (Bolivia).
Tyrannus tuberculifer, d'Orb, et Lafr. Syn. i. p. 43; d’Orb. Voy., Ois.
p. 307, t. xxxii. figs. 1, 2 (?).
Similar to M. nigriceps, but larger in size: whole length 7 inches,
wing 3-7, tail 3:5.
Hab. Northern Argentina, Bolivia, and Southern Peru.
D'Orbigny’s Tyrannus tuberculifer, of which I have examined
Specimens in the Paris Museum, belongs either to this species or to
M. tricolor. The slight spine at the bend of the wing, alluded to in
d'Orbigny’s name, is found more or less developed in many species
of Tyrannidae.
a. Ad. sk. Cachupata, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Cachupata, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Interior of Bolivia (Bridges). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Interior of Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
f. & ad. sk. Tucuman, rep. Arg. (Schulz). Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimen.)
~17. Myiarchus tricolor.
Mºº tricolor, Pelz. Orn. Bras, pp. 117, 182; Berl, Ibis, 1883,
. I39.
Māºri gracilirostris, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 117, 183.
Above dark greyish with a slight olivaceous tinge; crown black-
ish ; wings and tail blackish; wing-coverts and outer secondaries
with slight margins of dirty white: beneath, throat and neck pale
grey; abdomen and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; bill
dark horn-colour; feet black: whole length 6-3 inches, wing 3,
tail 2-8.
Hab. Brazil.
This is a close ally of M. nigriceps, and only distinguishable by
its darker back and head not so dark. It appears to be M. tricolor
of Pelzeln, as considered by Graf v. Berlepsch. It would be more
satisfactory to have a better series for comparison.
a. Ad. sk. Rio Tocantims, Brazil (Wallace). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer) Salvin-Godman Coll.
s 2
260 TYRANNIDAE.
`-18."Myiarchus yucatanensis.
Myiarchus mexicanus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 202.
Myiarchus yucatanensis, Lawr. Proc. 46. Phil., 1871, p. 235; Ridgw.
Broc. Biol. Soc. Wash. ii. p. 92; d. Man. W. A. B. p. 334.
Above dark greyish olive, crown rather more brownish ; wings
blackish, primaries narrowly margined with ferruginous, secondaries
and coverts edged more broadly with dirty white; tail dark brown,
all the lateral rectrices with broad margins of bright rufous to the
inner webs throughout : beneath, throat and neck pale cinereous,
abdomen and under wing-coverts pale lemon-yellow ; bill and feet
black : whole length 7 inches, wing 3-3, tail 3:2.
Hab. Yucatan and Cozumel.
This species clearly belongs to the Antillian group of M. stolidus,
with broad rufous margins to the inner webs of the rectrices. Mr.
Lawrence's type, which he has most kindly sent for examination, is
a very worn specimen. It was obtained by Dr. A. Schott near
Merida. Mr. Gaumer's specimen (a) is in good plumage, and, no
doubt, identical. The Cozumel bird (b) has a darker back and a
darker head.
a. Ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b, c. Ad, sk. Cozumel I, Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
~19:*Myiarchus dominicensis.
Tyrannula stolida, var. dominicensis, Bryant, Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H.
X1
Myiarchus dominicensis, Cory, B. Haiti, p. 79.
Myiarchus stolidus, Cory, Bull. Wutt. Orn. C. vi. p. 153.
Myiarchus ruficaudatus, Cory, Bull, Nutt. Orn. C. viii. p. 95.
Similar to M. yucatamensis, but somewhat darker on the back;
and bill rather larger and narrower: whole length 7 inches, wing
3-3, tail 3:2.
Hab. San Domingo.
Like M. yucatamensis this species has the rufous edgings of the
primaries bright and well defined, and the belly of rather a deeper
yellow than M. Stolidus. All the lateral rectrices have rufous
margins.
a. 3 ad. Sk, Samaná, San Domingo (McGregor). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. San Domingo, W. I. (McGregor). Sclater Coll.
c. A sk. San Domingo, W. I. (Toogood). Sclater Coll.
204 Myiarchus stolidus.
Myiobius stolidus, Gosse, B. Jam. p. 168.
Tyrannula stolida, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 51.
Myiarchus stolidus, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 479; Sclater, P. Z. S.
1861, p. 77; d. Cat. A. B. p. 234; Sel, et Salv. Womencl. p. 52;
Coues, Pr, 46. Sc. Phil, 1872, p. 76; Gabret-Heia. Mus. Heinii. p. 73. =-S-6/
Myiºn stolidus, var, stolidus, Baird, Brew, et Ridgw, N. A. B. ii. t
74. MYIARCHUs. 261
Above dark fuliginous grey, head rather blacker; wings blackish,
primaries very narrowly edged with rufous; wing-coverts and
secondaries margined with dirty white; tail blackish, inner webs
of the lateral rectrices except the external pair broadly margined
with rufous : beneath, throat and neck very pale cinereous; abdomen
and under wing-coverts white, slightly tinged with yellow; bill
and feet black: whole length 7-9 inches, wing 32, tail 3:2.
Hab. Jamaica.
Nearly similar to the two preceding species, but throat paler, abdo-
men of much paler yellow, and the rufous edgings of the primaries
scarcely shown. The outer pair of rectrices show little or no signs'
of rufous margins.
a. Ad, sk. Jamaica (Gosse). P. L. Sclater, Esq.
P.T.
b. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Jº Coll.
(Authentic specimens.)
c. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Chambers). Sclater Coll.
d. 6 a.d. sk. Jamaica (Marsh). Smiths. Inst. [P.J.
e, f. Ad. sk. Jamaica (Osburn). Sclater Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Jamaica. Sclater Coll.
h. Ad, sk. Metcalfe Parish, Jamaica (Allen). Salvin-Godman Coll.
21.*Myiarchus sagra.
Tyrannus phoebe, d'Orb. La Sagra's Cuba, Aves, p. 72 (nee Lath.);
Gundl. J. f. O. 1871, p. 275 (Cuba).
Myiarchus stolidus, var. phoebe, Coues, Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil. 1872, p. 78;
Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. W. A. B. ii. p. 332; Gundl. J. f. O. 1861,
. 328.
Mºus phoebe, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52.
Muscicapa sagrae, Gundl. Boston Journ. W. H. vi. p. 313 (1852).
Myiarchus Sagrae, Gundl. J. f. O. 1872, p. 424; Ridgw. Man. W. A. B.
. 334.
Tºni, stolida, var. lucaysiensis, Bryant, Pr. B. S. W. H. xi.
p. 66 (Bahamas).
Tyrannula bahamensis, Bryant, Pr. B. S. N. H. xi. p. 90.
Myiarchus stolidus, var. leucaysiensis, Cory, B. Bahamas, p. 100.
Myiarchus lucaysiensis, Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 334.
Similar to M. stolidus, but the yellow on the abdomen still more
faintly shown.
Hab. Cuba and Bahamas.
The term phoebe used for this species by d'Orbigny was given in
error, under the idea that it was Muscicapa phoebe of Latham, which
is Empidias fuscus.
The Bahaman form I can hardly separate, though it may perhaps
stand as a subspecies.
*— ſº. Subsp. typica.
a, b. Ad. sk. San Cristobal, Cuba (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. San Cristobal, Cuba. Salvin–Godman Coll.
d. 6 a.d. sk. Ferminā, Cuba (Wright). Smiths. Inst. [P.].
262 TYRANNIDAE,
e. Ad. sk. Cuba (Wright). Sclater Coll.
f. 6 a.d. sk. Cuba, Sclater Coll.
- b. Subsp. lucaysiensis.
g, h. Ad. sk. Pahamas (Bryant). Sclater Coll.
22.*Myiarchus antillarum,
Tyrannus antillarum, Bryant, Pr. Bost. Soc, W. H. x. p. 249
(1866).
Myiarchus stolidus, var, antillarum, Coues, Pr. Ac. So, Phil, 1872,
79
p. (9.
Myiarchus antillarum, Sund, OEſ). Vet.-Ak. Förh. 1869, p. 599; Gundl.
J. f. O. 1874, p. 311, et 1878, p. 171 (Porto Rico); id. An. Soc.
Esp. Hist, Nat. vii. p. 194; Scl, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 52.
Above Smoky grey, head slightly darker; wings blackish, pri-
maries narrowly edged with rufous ; coverts and secondaries more
broadly margined with dirty white; tail blackish, inner webs of the
lateral rectrices at their extremities slightly tipped with pale rufous:
beneath white, throat and breast tinged with cinereous; under
wing-coverts slightly tinged with yellowish ; bill and feet black:
whole length 6-8 inches, wing 3-4, tail 3:2. &
Hab. Porto Rico.
In this species the rufous colour on the lateral rectrices has
almost disappeared, and the abdomen is pure white.
a. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Latimer). Sclater Coll.
23. Myiarchus magnirostris.
Myiobius magnirostris, Gray, Zool. Voy. ‘Beagle, iii. p. 48, t. viii.
Empidonax magnirostris, Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 365.
Myiarchus magnirostris, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 323 (Galapagos
Is); Sund, P. Z. S. 1871, pp. 125, 127; Salvin, Trans. Zool. Soc.
ix. p. 493.
Above brownish grey, head darker, rump slightly olivaceous;
wings blackish ; coverts and secondaries margined with dirty white,
primaries narrowly edged with brownish ; tail blackish, lateral
rectrices, except the outer pair, more or less broadly margined with
pale rufous on the inner web : beneath, throat and neck pale greyish ;
abdomen palesulphur-yellow ; flanks cinereous; under wing-coverts
and inner margins of remiges whitish ; bill and feet black: whole
length 5-2 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2:4. Female similar.
Hab. Galapagos Islands.
A much smaller bird than the preceding species, and with a
shorter bill.
74. MYIARCHUs. 263
a. Ad. St. Galapagos. Sir W. Burnett &
Capt. Fitzroy.
ð. Ad. sk. Galapagos. C. Darwin [P.].
(Type of the species.)
c. SP ad. sk. Bindloe I., Galapagos (Habel). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 6 a.d. sk. º I., Galapagos Salvin-Godman Coll.
abel).
e, G ad. Sd. Indefatigable I, Galapagos Sclater Coll.
(Habel).
j, g, d ? ad. sk. Indefatigable I, Galapagos O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
(Habel).
h. 6 a.d. sk. Abingdon I., Galapagos Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Habel).
~24+Myiarchus flammulatus.
Myiarchus flammulatus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. xi. p. 71; Ridgw. Proc.
Biol. Soc. Wash. ii. p. 93; id. Man. W. A. B. p. 335.
Above greenish olive, crown rather darker; wings blackish brown,
coverts tipped with pale rufous, forming two cross-bands; primaries
edged with pale rufous, outer secondaries more broadly with white;
tail blackish brown, slightly edged with pale rufous: beneath,
throat pale cinereous; breast whitish flammulated with cinereous;
belly and under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill dark brown, pale at
the base of the lower mandible; feet brownish black: whole length.
6-3 inches, wing 3-1, tail 3.
Hab. Tehuantepec, Mexico.
A very distinct species, at once recognizable by its flammulated
breast.
a, b. Ad. sk. Tehuantepec, Mexico (Sumi- Salvin-Godman Coll.
chrast).
~25. Myiarchus semirufus.
Myiarchus semirufus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 138, t. xi. (Peru); Tacz.
Z. S. 1879, p. 236, et 1880, p. 203; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 325.
Above brownish cinereous; wings blackish with broad rufous
margins; tail and upper tail-coverts rufous, the middle portion of
the six middle rectrices rufous : beneath uniform ochraceous rufous ;
bill and feet black : whole length 7-5 inches, wing 3-4, tail 3:3.
Female similar, but perhaps rather paler below.
Hab. Coast region of Western Peru. *
Quite unique amongst this group of the Tyrannidae for its peculiar
style of colour. -
a. Ad, sk. Pacasmayo, Peru (Orton). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. 3 a.d. sk. Pacasmayo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
264 TYRANNII) AR.
3% (A5 W.
sº
75. EMPIDIAS #. Type.
Empidias, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 69 (1859) . . . . . . E. fuscus.
Empidias fuscus is usually united to Sayornis by the American
ornithologists, but has much shorter wings and a shorter tail, though
in other respects, it must be admitted, the two forms come very close.
For the present, however, I prefer to adhere to Dr. Cabanis's views,
and to leave Sayornis with the Fluvicolinae, and keep Empidias near
Myiarchus.
According to this plan Empidias is a purely North-American
and Mexican type.
* 13 Empidias fuscus.
Muscicapa fusca, Gm. S. N. i. p. 931; Vieill. Ois, Am. Sept. i. p. 68,
1. 40
Aulanax fuscus, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1856, p. 1.
Myiarchus fuscus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 248; Sclater,
I’. Z. S. 1859, p. 366; id. Ibis, 1859, p. 440 (Mexico).
Empidias fuscus, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 69; Sel. Cat. A. B.
p. 234; Lawr. Ann, Lyo. N. Y. viii. p. 290 (New York); Scl, et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 53.
Sayornis fuscus, Baird, B. N. Am. p. 184; Baird, Brew. et Ridgw.
N. A. B. ii. p. 343; Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 473 (Texas); Coues,
Rey N. A. B. 1884, p. 437.
Muscicapa phoebe, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 489.
2- Sayornis phoebe, Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 386.
Muscicapa nunciola, Wils. Am. Orn. ii. p. 78, pl. 13.
Tyrannula nunciola, Bp. Consp. i. p. 189.
Above dull greyish olive; cap blackish ; wings blackish, secon-
daries and wing-coverts edged with whitish ; tail blackish; outer rec-
trices edged with whitish: beneath dirty white with a yellowish tinge,
sides of breast and flanks more or less cinereous; under wing-
coverts white ; bill dark horn-colour; feet black ; whole length
6-3 inches, wing 3-4, tail 29. Female similar.
Hab. Eastern North America (in summer) and south to Mexico.
a. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel. N.A. Bound. Comm.
P.T.
b. 3 ad.; c-e. Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale). sº Coll.
Q ad. sk. “
f. Pull, sk. Illinois (Coale). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.[P.].
g. Jr. sk. Indiana (Coale). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. #
h. Ad. sk. New York (Lawrence). Sclater Coll.
2, j. Ad. sk. New York (Hurst). Tweeddale Coll.
k. Ad. sk. Philadelphia. Prof. Baird [C].
l. Ad. sk. Washington, D.C. (Drewler). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. Ad, sk. Charleston, U. S. A. (Sclater). Sclater Coll.
n. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased.
o. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll.
p. Ad. sk. Near the City of Mexico. Salvin–Godman Coll.
q, Jr. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.
* I do not know :-
Muscicapa lembeyei, Gundl. Boston Journ. N. H. vi. p. 314; id. J. f. O.
1872 p. 427, from Cuba, if it is really different from Empidias fuscus, to which
it is referred by Cabanis (J. f. O. 1856, p. 1).
76. EMPIDONOMUs. 265
76. EMPIDONOMIUS, Type
Empidonomus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 76 (1859) ... E. varius.

Wing-end of Empidonomus varius.
Empidonomus varius is a form remarkable for its small bill and
striated plumage, which somewhat reminds one of Myiodynastes.
It has, however, long wings with pointed ends to the primaries, and a
long tail, and is more nearly allied to Tyrannus. Tyrannus aurantio-
atro-cristatus may be added to this genus as a second species,
though its structure is not quite identical and its plumage is more
uniform. It has a similar small bill, but the outer primaries are
sharply excised. The range of this genus is from Colombia to South
Brazil and Bolivia. *
Rey to the Species.
A. Beneath yellowish : breast striated. 1. varius, p. 265.
B. Beneath uniform cinereous . . . . . . 2. aurantio-atro-cristatus, p. 266.
1. Empidonomus varius.
Suiriri chorreado debaxo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 125.
Muscicapa varia, Vieill. Nouv, Dict. xxi. p. 459; id. Enc. Méth. p. 832;
Hartl. Ind. Az. p. 12.
Muscicapa rufina, Spir, Av. Bras. ii. p. 22, pl. 31.
Tyrannus rufinus, Cab, in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 700; Burm. Syst,
Ueb. ii. p. 466; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota).
Muscipeta ruficauda, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 920.
Tyrannus leucotis, Sw, Quart. Journ. Sc. xx, p. 276.
Tyrannula tschudii, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 369.
Empidonomus varius, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 76; Pelz. Orn.
Bras. p. 117; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 234; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866,
p. 189 (Ucayali), 1873, p. 281 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 615 (Bolivia);
did. Nomencl. p. 53; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 383 (Para); Tacz. Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 326; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 298 (Br. Guian.); Berl, et Jher.
Zeitschr, ges, Orn. 1885, p. 137 ū. Grande do Sul).
( 3aºwe)
266 TYRANNIDAE.
Above ashy brown, centres of the feathers blackish; crown black,
bordered on each side by a white superciliary stripe, and by a white
line round the nape; concealed vertical crest bright yellow or
orange; wings ashy black, wing-coverts and secondaries margined
externally with white; tail ashy black; upper tail-coverts and
rectrices more or less distinctly margined with ferruginous: beneath
pale yellowish, throat greyish white; breast and belly more or
less striated with blackish ; under wing-coverts pale yellowish ;
bill and feet black; whole length 6 inches, wing 3-9, tail 2. Female
similar, but slightly smaller.
Hab. Guiana, Amazonia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia.
a. 3 ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b, c. 6 Qad.sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
d. 3 a.d. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Hauvvell). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Jr. sk. Bogota (?). Purchased.
f. Ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Sclater Coll.
g. Ad. Sk, Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin–Godman Coll.
h, i. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin–Godman Coll.
7. Ad, sk. Brazil (Sello). Sclater Coll.
k. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
!. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. Ad, sk. Mapiri, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
n. Jr. st. S. America. Purchased.
2. Empidomomus aurantio-atro-cristatus.
Tyrannus aurantio-atro-cristatus, d'Orb. et Lafº. Syn. Av. i. p. 45;
d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 312; Bp. Consp. i. p. 192; Reinh. Fugelf. Camp.
Bras. p. 136; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 (Ucayali), 1867,
p. 757 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 616 (Bolivia);
id. Womencl. p. 53; Burm La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 453; Ridgw. P.
U.S. N. M. i. p. 482; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 22; id. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 331; Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl. viii. p. 202 (Entrerios).
Empidonomus aurantio-atro-cristatus, Sel. et Huds. Arg. Orn, i. p. 157.
Tyrannus inca, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 383; id. Cat. A. B. p. 237;
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 118.
Tyrannus auriflamma, Burm. J. f. O. 1860, p. 246 (Mendoza).
Above cinereous, cap shortly crested, black, with a large vertical
spot of bright yellow ; wings and tail brownish black, wing-coverts
and Secondaries slightly edged with whitish : beneath as above,
but rather paler, and with a very slight yellowish tinge on the
crissum ; bill and feet black: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-8,
tail 3:1. Female similar, but outer primaries acuminated, not
excised.
Hab. Interior of Brazil, Eastern Peru, Bolivia, and Northern
Argentina.
a. 6 a.d. sk. City of Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
b. 3 ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C].
c. SP ad, sk. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 9 ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].
e. Ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.
f, g, Ad, sk. Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Weisshaupt). Purchased.
77. TYRANNUs. 267
77. TYRANNUS.
€.
Tyrannus, Cuvier, Leç, Anat. Comp. i. tab. 2 (1800) T. pirº§.
Drymonax, Gloger, Froriep's Wot. xvi. p. 278 (1827) T. pipiri.
Laphyctes, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxvi. (1850). . T. melancholicus.
Satellus, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxvi. (1850) ... T vociferans.
Melittarchus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 80 (1859) T. magnirostris.
“Tail nearly even or moderately forked, rather shorter than the
wings; the feathers broad and somewhat widened at their ends;
wings long and pointed ; the outer primaries rather abruptly at-
tenuated near the end; head with a concealed patch of red on the
crown.” (N. A. B. ii. p. 314.)
Tyrannus extends all over North and South America to Argen-
tina, but not to Chili and Patagonia. It is also found in the
Antilles.
Key to the Species.
A. Tail slightly rounded, squared or slightly forked.
a. Bill moderate (Tyrannus).
a'. Belly white; tail slightly rounded . . . . 1. pipiri, p. 267.
b'. Belly, yellow ; tail squared or slightly
forked.
a". Breast grey.
a". Outer web of outer rectrix white. . 2, verticalis, p. 269.
ô". Outer web of outer rectrix grey .. 3. vociferans, p. 269.
b". Breast white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . niveigularis, p. 270.
b. Bill much enlarged (Melittarchus).
c'. Belly yellow; tail Squared. . . . . . . . . . . . 5. crassirostris, p. 271.
d'. Belly white; tail slightly forked.
c". Beneath greyish white:
bill smaller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. griseus, p. 271.
bill larger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. rostratus, p. 273.
d". Beneath white; bill very strong . . . . 8. magnirostris, p. 273.
B. Tall strongly forked (Laphyctes).
e'. Throat cinereous:
| belly bright yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. melancholicus, p. 273.
| belly tinged with yellow. . . . . . . . . . 10. apolites, p. 276.
f'. Throat white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. albigularis, p. 276.
9. p
1. Tyrannus pipiri.
Lanius tyrannus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 136 (part.); Wilson, Am. Orn. ii.
p. 66, pl. xiii. fig. 1.
Lanius tyrannus, y. Carolinensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 302.
Tyrannus pipiri, Vieill, Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 73, pl. 44; Cab. Journ. f.
Orn, 1855, p. 478; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 236; Gundl. J. f. O. 1861,
pp. 328,409, et 1872, p. 423 (Cuba); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 53:
did. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 189 (Amazonia), 1870, p. 837 (Honduras),
1873, p. 282 (Amazonia), 1879, p. 515 (Antioquia) et p. 616
(Bolivia); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 125 (Sta. Marta); Boucard,
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 448 (Yucatan); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 329.
Tyrannus intrepidus, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 214, pl. 133; id. Enc.
Méth. p. 849; Sw. Phil. Mag. 1827, p. 368; id. Quart. Journ. Sc.
xx. p. 274; d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 313 (Bolivia); Sclater, P. Z. S.
268 TYRANNIDAE.
1857, p. 232 (S. Domingo), et 1858, p. 302 (Mexico); id. Ibis, 1859,
p. 439 (Mexico); Maw. J. f. O. 1858, p. 181; Moore, P. Z. S. 1859,
p. 55 (Honduras); Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. vii. p. 295, et ix. p. 89.
Muscicapa animosa, Licht, Doubl. p. 54.
Tyrannus leucogaster, Steph. Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. ii. p. 133.
Tyrannus carolinensis, Temm, Tabl. Méth. p. 24; Baird, B. N. Am.
p. 171; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 79; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y.
viii. pp. 182,290; Blakiston, Ibis, 1862, p. 3, et 1863, p. 57; Dresser,
Ibis, 1865, p. 472 (Texas); Ridgw. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. x. p. 375;
id. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 471; Nehrling, J. f. O. 1883, p. 87
(Illinois); Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 316; Coues, Key
N. A. B. 1884, p. 432.
Tyrannus tyrannus, Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 328.
Above dark cinereous, cap black, with a concealed vertical crest
of bright orange; wings blackish, secondaries and coverts edged
with white; tail black, tipped with white : beneath white, with a
slight cinereous shade on the breast; under wing-coverts cinereous;
outer primaries acuminated; tail slightly rounded; bill and feet
black: whole length 8 inches, wing 4-6, tail 3-6. Female similar.
Hab. Eastern North America, and southwards through Mexico
and Central America down to Ecuador and Peru.
a. Ad. St. North America. Purchased.
b, c, Ad. sk. British Columbia. J. K. Lord º
d, e. Ad. sk. West Side Rocky Moun- J. K. Lord [C].
tains.
f. Ad. sk. Lake of the Woods. N. A. Bound. Comm. [P.].
g. Ad, sk. “ Fort Simpson, N. A. R. B. Ross [C.].
h, i. Ad. Sk, Fort Dufferin, N. A. N. A. Bound. Comm. [P.].
j—l. Ad, sk. Michigan, Prof. Steere [P.].
m. Ad, sk. New * (Os- Sclater Coll.
burn).
7. Ad, sk. New York (Hurst). Tweeddale Coll.
o, & ad. sk. Illinois, U. S. A. (Coale). Sclater Coll.
g. Ad, sk. Washington, D.C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Drewler).
q. Q Ad. sk. Arlington Swamps, Vir- Salvin-Godman Coll.
ginia, U. S. A. (Coues).
r. Ad. sk. N. America. Sclater Coll.
8, t, w, v, Ad, sk.
w—z. Ad, sk.
a', b'. Ad, sk.
Cozumel Island, Yucatan
(Gaumer).
Ruatan Island, Bay of
Honduras (Gaumer).
Yzabal, Guatemala (Sal-
vin).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
c'. Ad, sk. Yº Guatemala (Sal- Sclater Coll.
Q)???, ).
d". Ad. sk. Retalhuleu, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salvin).
e'. Ad. sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq.
f". Ad. sk. Panama (Hughes). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g'. Q ad. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Simons).
h'. Q ad, sk. Medellin, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
77. TYRANNUs. 269
2". Jr. sk. Ecuador (Gerrard). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j'. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
k'. Q ad. Sk. Nauta, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Bartlett).
2.4Tyrannus verticalis.
Tyrannus verticalis, Say, in Long's Exped. ii. p. 60; Baird, B. N. Am.
p. 173; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 235; Brown, Ibis, 1868, pp. 419, 420
(Vancouver I.); Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 53; Ridgw. Ann. Lyc.
N. Y. x. p. 394; id. P. U.S. N. M. i. pp. 424, 468, 479; id. Man.
W. A. B. p. 330; Baird, Brew. et Ridgw. W. A. B. ii. p. 324;
Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 433.
Muscicapa verticalis, Bp. Am. Orn. i. p. 18, pl. ii. fig. 2.
Laphyctes verticalis, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 77.
Above light grey, with a greenish tinge on the back; concealed
vertical crest orange; wings brown ; tail black, outer web of outer
rectrix white: beneath, throat and breast grey, belly yellow ; under
wing-coverts dull yellow ; outer primaries attenuated; tail slightly
forked; bill and feet dark brown ; whole length 8 inches, wing 5,
tail 4:9. Female similar.
Hab. Western North America, and south to Guatemala.
a—c. Ad. sk. Forty-ninth Parallel. N. A. Bound. Comm. [P.].
d. 3 ad. sk. Yreka, Siskayou County, Ca- Salvin-Godman Coll.
lifornia (Vaille).
e, f. Ad. sk. WestSide, Rocky Mountains. J. K. Lord, Esq. [C].
g. 3 ad. sk. Fort Tejon, California (Xan- Salvin-Godman Coll.
tus).
h. 3 ad. sk. Banning, California. G. F. Morcom, Esq. [P.].
2. Q ad. sk. Coahuila Valley, California. G. F. Morcom, Esq. #
j. 9 jr. sk. Magana River, California. G. F. Morcom, Esq. [P.].
k. 3 a.d. sk. Petaluma, California (Sa- Sclater Coll.
muels).
l. Ad. sk. California. Lord Walsingham [P.].
m. Ad. sk. Nebraska (Warren). Sclater Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Oates). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o. 9 a.d. sk. Volcan de Agua, above San Salvin-Godman Coll.
Muscicapa satelles, Licht, in Mus. Berol.
Diego (Salvin).
3.t-Tyrannus vociferans.
Tyrannus vociferans, Sw, Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 273; id. Phil. Mag.
1827, i. p. 368; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 174; Sel. Ibis, 1859, p. 439;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 235; id. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 383 (Oaxaca), et 1864,
p. 176 (Mexico); Scl. et Salv, Ibis, 1859, p. 121; iid. Nomencl.
p. 53; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 480, v. pp. 531, 541, et vi. p. 348
(California); Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii. p. 327; Cowes,
Rey N. A. B. 1884, p. 433; Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 330.
Tyrannus cassinii, Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. v. p. 39, pl. 3. fig. 2 (1858).
Laphyctes vociferans, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Henn. ii. p. 77.
Above grey, with an olivaceous tinge on the back; concealed
270 TYRANNIDAE.
vertical crest scarlet; wings brown; tail black, with a narrow pale
tip : beneath, throat white; breast cinereous; abdomen yellow ;
under wing-coverts pale yellow ; outer primaries acuminated ; tail
nearly squared; bill and feet black: whole length 8:5 inches, wing
5-2, tail 4.8. Female similar.
Hab. Southern California, Arizona, Texas, Mexico, and Guate-
mala.
Readily distinguishable from the allied species T. verticalis by
the want of the conspicuous white outer web of the outer rectrix
and by the deeper ashy fore neck.
a. Ad. sk. Los Nogales, Mexico (Baird). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Northern Mexico (Ward). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Near City of Mexico. Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Mexico (de Saussure). Sclater Coll.
e—ff. Ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased.
h. 6 ad, sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Fraser). Salvin–Godman Coll.
i. Q ad, sk. Salamä, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
4." Tyrannus niveigularis.
Tyrannus niveigularis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 281, et 1880, p. 29, pl. iii.;
id. Cat. A. B. p. 237; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 53; Tacz. P. Z. S.
1877, pp. 326, 753 (Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 329; Ridgw. P. U.S.
N. M. i. p. 479; Berl, et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 118, 122 (Ecuador).
Wing-end of Tyrannus niveigularis, from beneath. (P. Z. S. 1880, p. 29.)
Above cinereous, with an olivaceous tinge on the lower back; head
darker, with a concealed vertical crest of bright yellow ; Wings and
tail black; secondaries and wing-coverts edged with White: beneath,

77. TYRANNUs. 271
throat and breast white, the latter with a slight greyish tinge; abdo-
men and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-yellow ; outer primaries
slightly acuminated; tail squared; bill and feet black: whole length
7 inches, wing 42, tail 3:2.
IIab. Western Ecuador.
a. Ad, sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
b. 6 ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fra- Sclater Coll. (Type
ser). of the species.)
c. Ad, sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.
5.4Tyrannus crassirostris.
Tyrannus crassirostris, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 278; id. Phil.
Mag. 1827, i. p. 368; Sel. Ibis, 1859, p. 439; id. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 19
(W. Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 236; Sel, et Salv. Ibis, T860,
p. 399 (Guatemala); iid. Womencl. p. 53; Lawr. Bull. U.S. N. M.
no. 4, p. 28 (Oaxaca); Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 472; id. Man.
N. A. B. p. 329.
Muscicapa gnatho, Licht. in Mus. Berol.
Melittarchus crassirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 80; iid.
J. f. O. 1855, p. 478.
Megarhynchus crassirostris, Finsch, Abh, nat. Bremen, 1870, p. 329.
Above dull brownish cinereous, sometimes with a slight olivaceous
tinge; cap darker, with a concealed yellow vertical crest ; wings
and tail brownish: beneath, throat white; breast with a slight
cinereous tinge; abdomen and under wing-coverts pale sulphur-
yellow ; bill and feet blackish : Outer primaries slightly attenuated;
tail nearly square : whole length 8:5 inches, wing 5-1, tail 4.
Female similar.
Hab. Western Mexico and Guatemala.
The huge bill separates this bird from the other continental species,
and the yellow belly from the rest of the section Melittarchus.
a, b. 3 9 a.d. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico (For- Salvin–Godman Coll.
7°67°).
c. Ad. sk. Mazatlan, W. Mexico. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Near City of Mexico. Salvin–Godman Coll.
e, d ad. Sk, Cacoprieto (Tehuantepec), Salvin–Godman Coll.
Mexico (Sumichrast).
f, g. Ad. Sk. Mexico. Purchased.
h. Q ad. sk. * Guatemala (Sal- Salvin–Godman Coll.
Q)27? ).
6.4 Tyrannus griseus,
Le Tyran, Daub. Pl. Eml. 537.
Tyrannus dominicensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 394, pl. 38, fig. 2; Gosse,
B. Jam. p. 169 (1847); Strickl. Ann. & Mag. N. H. viii. p. 372
(1842); Baird, B. N. Am. p. 172; Newton, Ibis, 1859, p. 146
(St. Croix); Cass. Pr. Ac. Nat. Sci. Phil, 1860, p. 143 (Carta-
gena); Albrecht, J. f. O. 1862, p. 199 (Jamaica); Bryant, J. f. O.
1866, p. 182 (Porto Rico); Baird, Brew, et Ridgw. N. A. B.
2
TYRANNII) AEe
2
ii. p. 319, pl. 43 fig. 8 (1874); Allen, Bull. Mus, C. Z. ii. p. 300
(Florida); "Cory, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vi. p. 153 (1881); id. Birds
of Haiti and S. Domingo, p. 77 (1885); Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i.
p. 470, vii. p. 172 (W. Indies), et viii. p. 570 (Yucatan); id. Man.
W. A. B. p. 329; Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 433.
Tyrannus griseus, Vieill. Ois, Am. Sept. i. p. 76, pl. 46 (1807); Swains.
Quart. Journ. Sci. xx, p. 276 (1826); Gray, Gen. i. p. 247 (1847);
Bp. Consp. i. p. 192 (1850); Scl. Cat. Am. B. p. 236; March,
Proc. Ac. Sc. Phil, 1863, p. 287 (Jamaica); Taylor, Ibis, 1864,
p. 169 (Porto Rico); Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 98 (Sombrero)
et p. 182 (Nicaragua); Bryant, Pr. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. xi. p. 90
(1866); Cory, B. Bahama, i. p. 99 (1880); id. Bull. Nutt. Orn.
Club, vi. p. 153 (1881).
Tyrannus matutimus, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 850 (1823); Sallé, P. Z. S.
1857, p. 232 (St. Domingo).
Tyrannus tiriri, Temm. Tabl, Méth. p. 24 (1836).
Melittarchus dominicensis, Cab. J. f. O. iii. p. 478 (1855); id. Mus.
Hein. ii. p. 80 (1859).
Lanius tyrannus, var. B. dominicensis, Gmel. S. N. i. p. 302 (1788).
Muscicapa dominicensis, Aud. Orn. Biogr. ii. p. 392, pl. 170 (1834);
id. B. Am. i. p. 201, pl. 55 (1840).
Tyrannulus dominicensis, Jard. Contr. Orn. p. 67 (1850).
Melittarchus griseus, Gundl. Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Wat, vii. p. 192
(1878) (Porto Rico).
Above grey; concealed vertical crest scarlet ; ear-coverts blackish;
wings and tail brownish black; wing-coverts and secondaries edged
with white : beneath white; sides of breast and flanks tinged with
cinereous; under wing-coverts white, faintly stained with lemon-
yellow ; outer primaries acuminated; tail slightly forked; bill and
feet black ; whole length 8:5 inches, wing 4-8, tail 3:9.
Female
similar.
Hab. Florida, Bahamas, Greater Antilles, and coasts of Central
America.
a. Q ad. sk. New Providence, Bahamas Sclater Coll.
(Blake).
b–d. Ad. sk. San º Cuba (Gau- Salvin-Godman Coll.
7729)").
e, f. Ad. Sk. San Cristobal, Cuba. Salvin–Godman Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Cuba. Sclater Coll.
h. Ad, sk. Jamaica. Sclater Coll.
8, j. Ad. Sk. St. Domingo (Sallé). Purchased.
k. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Taylor). Sclater Coll.
l. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Mrs. Bryant [P].
m. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Sclater Coll.
n. Ad. sk. Porto Rico (Bryant). Salvin-Godman Coll.
0. Ad, sk. North coast of Porto Rico Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Salvin).
p. 3 ad, sk. St. Croix, W. I. (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. 6 a.d. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.
r. 6 jr. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
77. TYRANNUs. 273
7+ Tyrannus rostratus.
Tyrannus rostratus, Sel. Ibis, 1864, p. 87; id. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 272
(St. Lucia); Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 361 (Panama); iid. No-
mencl. p. 53; Semper, P. Z. S. 1872, p. 651 (St. Lucia); Lawr.
P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 60 (Dominica), p. 191 (St. Vincent), p. 234
(Antigua), p. 240 (Barbuda), p. 271 (Grenada), p. 358(Martinique);
Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p.470; Lister, Ibis, 1880, p. 41 (St. Vin-
cent); Cory, Ibis, 1886, p. 473 (St. Vincent), p. 475 (Grand Terre).
Tyrannus magnirostris, Sel, Cat. A. B. p. 236 &;
Similar to T. griseus, but with a considerably larger bill: whole
length 8:5 inches, wing 4.7, tail 37.
Hab. Lesser Antilles.
a, b. 3 Q ad. sk. Dominica, W. I. (Ober). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c, d. 3 9 ad, sk. Dominica, W. I. (Ober). Sclater Coll.
e. Ad. sk. St. Lucia, W. I. (Semper). Salvin–Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. St. Lucia, W. I. (Semper). Sclater Coll.
g, h. 3 9 ad. sk. St. Vincent, W.I. (Richard- Sclater Coll.
80m).
2. Ad. sk. Martinique (?). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
j, k, d ? ad. sk. Grenada, W. I. (Wells). Sclater Coll.
8:-Tyrannus magnirostris.
Tyrannus magnirostris, d'Orb. in La Sagra's Cuba, p. 69, pl. 13;
Bryant, P. B. S. W. H. xi. p. 66 (Bahamas); Gundl. J. f. O.
1872, p. 421 (Cuba); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 53; Ridgw. P. U.S.
N. M. i. p. 469; id. Man. N. A. B. p. 328.
Melittarchus magnirostris, Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1855, p. 477; Cab. et
IIein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 80.
Above brownish grey, head blackish, with a concealed vertical
crest of deep orange; Wings and tail blackish, with white edgings
to the secondaries and wing-coverts : beneath white, under wing-
coverts tinged with pale lemon-yellow ; outer primaries slightl
attenuated; tail slightly rounded; bill much swollen ; bill and feet
black : whole length 9:5 inches, wing 5-3, tail 3:9. Female similar.
Hab. Cuba, and occasionally Bahamas and Yucatan.
At once recognizable by its large size and powerful bill.
a. Ad. sk. Cuba. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Mugeres I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
9. Tyrannus melancholicus,
Suiriri guazu, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 152.
Tyrannus melancholicus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxxv, p. 48; id. Enc.
Méth. p. 851; d'Orb. Voy, Ois, p. 311 ; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves,
p. 151; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 464; id. La-Plata Reise, ii. p. 452;
id. J. f. O. 1860, p. 245 (La Plata); Cab. in Schomb, Guian. iii.
p. 700; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150 (Bogota), 1856, p. 141 (Veragua),
p. 297 (Mexico), 1858, p. 70 (Rio Napo), p. 457 (Ecuador), 1860,
pp. 92, 281 (Ecuador), 1867, p. 342 (Peru); id. Ibis, 1859, p. 439,
WOL. XIV. T
274 TYRANNIDAE,
1873, p. 373 (Nicaragua); id. Cat. A. B. p. 235; Lawr. Ann.
Lyc. N. Y. vii. p. 295, ix. pp. 116,237; d. P. U.S. N. M. i.
p. 271; Sel, et Salo. Ibis, 1859, p. 121; iid P. Z. S. 1866, p. 189
ſº 1867, p. 578 (Lower Amazons), 1868, p. 142 (Arg,
Rep.), p. 168 (Venezuela), 1870, p. 837 (Honduras), 1873, p. 281
(E. Peru), 1879, p. 516 (Antioquia), p. 616 (Bolivia); iid, Nomencl.
p. 53; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 117; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 176; G. C.
t Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 113 (Honduras); E. C. Taylor, Ibis, 1864,
7, ou, y-, ſº p. 87 (W. Indies); Euler, J. f.O. 1867, p. 227 (Brazil); Frantz.
f J. f. O. 1869, p. 308 (Costa Rica); Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 572
(Trinidad); Berl. J. f. O. 1873, p. 262 (S. Brazil), et 1884,
p. 304 (Bucaramanga); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, 1877, p. 326,
1879, p. 236, et 1882, p. 22 (Peru); id. Orn. Pér, ii. p. 327; Layard,
Ibis, #. p. 383 (Para); Durnf. Ibis, 1877, p. 178 (Buenos
Ayres); Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 64 (Costa Rica), et 1883, p. 448
t (Yucatan); Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 473, et vii. p. 173
frºm (W-Indies); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 202 (Colombia); Forbes,
^* | Ibis, 1881, p. 344 (N.E. Brazil); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 334
(Colombia); White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (Arg. Rep.); Salv.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 148 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1885, p. 299 (Brit.
Guiana); Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 559, 1884, p. 298, et
1885, pp. 68, 93 (Ecuador); Gibson, Ibis, 1885, p. 280 (Uruguay);
Reinh. Fuglef. Camp. Bras. p. 138; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr, ges. Orn.
1885, p. 137 (Rio Grande do Sul); Barrows, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Cl,
viii. p. 202 (Entrerios); Sel. et Huds. Arg. Orn, i. p. 158.
Muscicapa despotes, Licht. Doubl. p. 55. -
Muscicapa furcata, Spia, Av. Bras, ii. p. 15, pl. xix.
Tyrannus furcatus, Maa. Beitr. iii. p. 884; Euler, J. f. O. 1867,
pp. 189, 190, 194, 198 (Brazil).
Tyrannus crudelis, Sw. Quart, Journ. Sc. xx. p. 275.
Laphyctes melancholicus, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 76.
Muscicapa satrapa, Licht. in Mus. Berol.
Laphyctes satrapa, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 77; Cab. J. f. O.
1861, p. 251.
Tyrannus satrapa, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 235; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y.
viii. p. 182, ix. p. 204; Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 360 (Panama),
1867, p. 279 (Mosquitia).
Tyrannus couchi, Baird, B. N. A. p. 175; Sel, Cat. A. B. p. 235;
td. Ibis, 1859, p. 439 (Mexico); Dresser, Ibis, 1865, p. 472
Texas).
tº: melancholicus couchi, Baird, Brew. et Ridgw. N. A. B. ii.
p. 329; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 474, et viii. p. 570 (Yucatan);
id. Man. N. A. B. p. 329; Coues, Key N. A. B. 1884, p. 434.

Above grey with a slight greenish tinge; head with a concealed
vertical crest of scarlet and yellow ; lores and ear-coverts blackish ;
wings and tail brownish black, with more or less of paler margins:
beneath yellow, throat greyish white, breast more or less greyish ;
under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet black; outer primaries
attenuated ; tail deeply forked : whole length 8 inches, wing 4-6
tail 4. Female similar.
Hab. Mexico and Central and South America down to Buenos
Ayres. -
I do not think it possible to divide this species satisfactorily, even
into subspecies.
77. TYRANNUs.
275
b. 6 Qad. sk.
d. 6 S2 ad. sk.
d. sk.
Ad. sk.
Ad. Sk.
Ad. sk.
2, j. Ad, sk.
k. Ad. sk.
!. 6 a.d. sk.
m–0. Ad. sk.
p. Ad. sk.
q—w. Ad. sk.
v. Ad, sk.
w—y. Ad, sk.
&;
C,
6.
f.
9.
h.
2. Ad. sk.
a'. Ad, sk.
b'. Ad. sk.
c'. & ad. sk.
d'. Jr. sk.
e'. Ad. sk.
f’. Jr. sk.
g'. Ad. sk.
h'. Q ad, sk.
*'. Ad, sk.
j', k'. 3 Q ad.
sk.
!". Ad. sk.
m". Ad, sk.
'. Ad. sk.
'. Ad. sk.
'. G ad. sk.
'. ''. Ad. sk.
s'. Ad, sk.
t'. Ad, sk.
w', 'v'. Ad. sk.
w". Ad. sk.
a', y'. Ad. sk.
z', i. G SP ad.
SK,
b". Q ad. sk.
c", d". 6 Qad. ;
e". 3 ir, sk.
f". Ad. sk.
g". Ad. sk.
72
;
h". Ad, sk.
t". 6 a.d. sk.
j", k". Ad, sk.
Mazatlan, W. Mexico (Forrer).
Presidio, Mexico (Forrer).
Acapulco, Mexico (Markham).
Tehuantepec (Sumichrast).
Orizaba, Mexico (Botteri).
Mexico.
Mexico.
Progreso, Yucatan (Devis).
Merida, Yucatan (Gaumer).
Merida, Yucatan (Gaumer).
Northern Yucatan (Gaumer).
º Island, Yucatan (Gau-
7776)").
Mugeres Island, Yucatan (Gau-
mer).
Jolbox Island, Yucatan (Gau-
mer).
Meco Island, Yucatan (Gaumer).
Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blan-
CC!7266/2002.
Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin).
Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt).
Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica
(Arcé).
Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé).
Irazu distr., Costa Rica (Rogers).
Castillo, Veragua (Arcé).
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama (McLeannan).
Paraiso Station, Panama(Hughes).
Choco Bay, Panama.
Atauques, Santa Marta, U. S. C.
(Simons).
Santa Marta, U. S. C.
Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon).
Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley).
Vic. of Quito.
Bogota.
Bogota.
Tobago (Kirk).
Trinidad.
Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely).
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana (Whitely).
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Island of Mexiana, Lower Ama-
zons (Wallace).
Para, Lower Amazons (Wal-
lace).
Para (Layard).
Yguitos, Upper Amazons.
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes),
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Lieut. Kellett and
Capt. Wood [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Zool. Soc. Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
T 2
276 TYRANNIDAE.
l". & ad. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m". Q ad, sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brazil (Joyner),
m". Ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
o". Ad. St. Brazil. Ld. Stuart de Rothe-
say [P.].
p". 3 ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
q". Ad. St. Brazil. Purchased.
7", Ad. sk. Uruguay. Alan Peel ſº
s". 6 a.d. sk. Conchitas, Arg. Rep. (Hudson). Sclater Coll.
t". & ad. sk. Conchitas, Arg, Rep. (Hudson). Salvin-Godman Coll.
w". Ad, sk. Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C].
v". Ad, sk. Buenos Ayres (Haslehust). Sclater Coll.
w". 6 ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Republic (Ley- Salvin-Godman Coll.
bold).
a". Ad, sk. Cangalli, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ay". Ad, sk. Bolivia (D. Forbes). Sclater Coll.
z". Ad. sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
a". Ad, sk. Lima, Peru (Nation). Sclater Coll.
b". Skeleton. Eyton Coll.
10s Tyrannus apolites.
Laphyctes apolites, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 77.
Tyrannus apolites, Ridgw. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. i. p. 478.
Similar to T. melancholicus, but smaller, bill shorter and weaker;
cap blackish, not greyish ; darker back and much paler belly;
first five primaries acuminated: whole length 7 inches, wing 4-2,
tail 37.
Hab. S.E. Brazil (?).
The unique specimen of this curious bird has been kindly lent to
me for examination by Herr Heine. I think it belongs to a distinct
species, most nearly allied to T. melancholicus, and Graf v. Ber-
lepsch is of the same opinion. Judging from the “make " I should
say the skin is from S.E. Brazil (Rio).
11.*Tyrannus albogularis.
Tyrannus albogularis, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 465; Sol. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 53; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 117; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 572; Sel. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 29; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i.
p. 477; Reinh. Fuglef. Camp. Bras. p. 139.
Above greenish olive ; head cinereous, with a blackish stripe
through the eye; concealed vertical crest scarlet ; wings brownish
black, with slight whitish edgings to the secondaries; tail black:
beneath, throat white, abdomen and under wing-coverts sulphur-
yellow ; five outer primaries emarginated at the tips; tail deeply
forked ; bill and feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 4:3, tail 4.
Female similar.
Hab. Interior of Brazil.
A perfectly distinct species, distinguishable from T. melancholicus
78. MILWULUs. 277
by its pure white throat, yellow breast, more greenish back, and
deeply forked tail.
a, d ad. sk. Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
!.
{\! W
Tail (from above) and wing (from beneath) of Tyrannus albogularis.
(P. Z. S. 1880, p. 29.)
78. MILWULUS,
Type.
Milvulus, Sw. Zool. Journ. iii. p. 165 (1827) . . . . . . . . . . . M. tyrannus.
Despotes, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxvi. (1850) . . . . . . M. tyrannus.
The long forked tail at once distinguishes this genus from
Tyrannus. The two known species extend from Texas and Mexico
to the Argentine Republic.
Key to the Species.
A. Cap black; flanks white; outer rectrix much
longer than next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. tyrannus, p. 277.
B. Cap grey; flanks rosy ; two outer rectrices
nearly equally elongated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. foxficatus, p. 279.
1*Milvulus tyrannus.
Muscicapa tyrannus, Linn. S. W. i. p. 325.
Tyrannus savana, Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept. i. p. 72, pl. 43; ad. Enc. Méth.
p. 853; Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 282.
Muscicapa Savana, Bp. Am. Orn. i. p. 1, pl. i. fig. 1.
Tyrannus (Milvulus) monachus, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1844, p. 214.
Despotes tyrannus, Bp. Not. Orn. p. 87.
Milvulus monachus, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 439 (Mexico); id. P. Z. S.


278 TYRANNIDAE.
1859, p. 384 (S.W. Mexico); Sol. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 121 (Guate-
mala); Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 114 (Honduras); Lawr. Ann. Lyc.
N. Y. vii. p. 295; Baird, B. N. Am... p. 168,
Milvulus tyrannus, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 699; Cab. et Hein.
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 78; Sol. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 297, 1858, p. 358, et
1859, p. 55 (Honduras); id. Cat. A. B. p. 237; Cab. J. f. O. 1861,
p. 251 (Costa Rica); Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 361 (Panama),
1867, pp. 578, 978 (Lower Amazons), 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru),
1879, p. 516 (Antioquia) et p. 616 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 53;
Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 177, ix. p. 116; Salv. P. Z. S.
1867, p. 149, et 1870, p. 199 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1872, p. 318
(Nicaragua), et 1885, p. 299 (Br. Guiana); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869,
p. 309 (Costa Rica); Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 334 (Colombia); Layard,
Ibis, 1873, p. 383 (Para); Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. v. p. 496 (Costa
Rica), et vi. p. 375 (Nicaragua); Durnf. Ibis, 1877, p. 178 (Buenos
Ayres); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 202 (Santa Marta); Gibson,
Ibis, 1880, p. 26 (Buenos Ayres), et 1885, p. 280 (Uruguay);
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (Arg. Rep.); Berl, J. f. O. 1884,
p. 304; id. Ibis, 1884, p. 435 (Venezuela); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 332; Coues, Key W. A. B. 1884, p. 431; Berl, et Jher. Zeitschr.
- ges. Orn. 1885, p. 138 (Rio Grande do Sul); Barrows, Bull. Nutt.
@on ce; c.21, eſc.). Orn. Cl. ii. p. 203 (Entreries); Sel, et Huds. Arg, Orn... i. p. 160.
((re, et, a Tyrannus violentus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxxv, p. 89; id. Enc. Méth.
** / p. 854 (ew Azara, no. 190); Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 467; id. La-
Plata Reise, ii. p. 453; id. J. f. O. 1860, p. 245 (La Plata);
Sternberg, J. f. O. 1869, pp. 131, 258,
Muscicapa violenta, Bp. Journ. Ac. Phil. iv. p. 378 (1825).
Tyrannus tyrannus, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 310.
Milvulus violentus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 191; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.
ii. p. 78; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 237; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 118; Sol, et
Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 142 (Conchitas); Reinh. Fuglef. Camp. Bras.
p. 133. -
Above cinereous, rump blackish; cap jet-black, with a concealed
yellow vertical crest; wings dark brown; tail black, outer web of
outer rectrix white : beneath white; bill and feet black; three
outer primaries excised at the tips: whole length 15 inches, wing
4-6, tail—Outer rectr. 12, middle rectr. 3. Female similar, but
outer tail-feathers not usually so long.
Hab. Mexico and Central and South America, down to pampas of
Argéntine Republic.
a, b. 3 Q ad. sk. Mexico (Boucard). Sclater Coll.
c, d. 6 S2 ad. sk. Pine-ridge of Poctum, Salvin–Godman Coll.
Guatemala (Salvin).
e. Ad, sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq.
f. & ad. sk. º Nicaragua Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Belt).
g, h, d ? ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.
- (Arcé).
2, Jr. sk. Orosi, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.
'miol). -
j. & ad. sk. Irazu distr., Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Rogers).
k. Ó ad. sk. Castillo, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. 3 a.d. sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll
78. MILWULUs.
279
$y, d ad. ; 2. 9 a.d.;
a'. 6 jr. sk.
ô'. 6 a.d. sk.
c'. Q ad. sk.
d'. 6 ad. sk.
e'. Ad, sk.
f, Jr. sk.
g'. 6 a.d. sk.
h', ''. 3 Q ad, sk.
j'. Jr. sk.
k', ''. & ad. sk.
7m'. Q ad. sk.
n', o'. 6 S2 ad. sk.
p', q'. Ad, sk.
r'. 6 a.d. sk.
s'. 6 ad. sk.
t'. d ad. sk.
Veragua (Arcé).
Panama (McLeannan).
San Sebastian, Santa Marta,
U. S. C. (Simons).
Medellin, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Bogota.
Bucaramanga, U. S. C.
(Minlos).
Tobago (Kirk).
British Guiana.
S. America.
Roraima, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Guia, Upper Rio Negro
(Wallace).
Mexiana (Wallace).
Yguitos, Upper Amazons
(Whitely).
Para (Layard).
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes),
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer).
Brazil.
Uruguay.
Monte Video.
Pampas of Arg, Rep. (Ley-
bold).
Mendoza, rep. Arg. (Leybold).
Punta Lara, Buenos Ayres.
2.*Milvulus forficatus.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll,
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Jardine Coll.
R. Geogr. Soc. [P.].
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Alan Peel [C.].
W. G. Lettsom [C].
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
H. Durnford [C].
Muscicapa forficata, Gm., S. N. i. p. 931; Vieill. Ois. Am. Sept.
i. p. 71; Bp. Am. Orn. i. p. 15, pl. 2. fig. 1.
Milvulus forficatus, Sw, Class. B. ii. p. 225; Baird, B. N. Am. p. 169;
Cab. et Hein. Mus: Hein. ii. p. 79; Bp. Not. Orn.
p. 87; Sclat.
Ibis, 1859, p. 439; id. Cat. A. B. p. 237; Sol, et Salv. Ibis, 1859,
p. 121; iid. Nomencl. p. 53; Taylor, Ibis, 1860, p. 114; (Hon-
duras); Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 252 (Costa Rica); Dresser, Ibis,
1865, p. 472 (Texas); Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. ix. p. 116; Frantz.
J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica); Salv. Ibis, 1872,
p. 318 (Nica-
ragua); Merrill, P. U.S. W. M. i. p. 137 (Texas); Ridgw. Ann.
Lyc. N. Y. x. p. 394; id. P. U.S. N. M. vi. pp. 374, 384 (Nica-
ragua); Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 65 (Costa Rica); Cowes, Key
N. A. B. 1884, p. 431.
Tyrannus mexicanus, Steph. Gen. Zool., Birds, xiii. pt. 2, p. 134.
Muscicapa spectabilis, Licht, in Mus. Berol.
Above grey; slight concealed vertical crest crimson; wings
brownish black, coverts and secondaries edged with white; tail—six
middle rectrices black, three outer pairs white, more or less stained
with rosaceous, and with the apical portions black: beneath paler,
nearly white, axillaries deep rosy red; flanks, crissum, and under
280 OXYREIAMPEIII) AE,
Wing-coverts more or less stained with the same colour; first primary
emarginated; two outer rectrices of nearly equal length; bill brown;
feet blackish: whole length 13 inches, wing 5, tail—outer rectr.
8, middle rectr. 28. Female similar, but outer tail-feathers not
usually so long.
Flab. Texas, Mexico, and Central America down to Costa Rica.
a—c. Ad. St. Central America. Purchased.
d. 6 a.d. sk. Texas (Heimann). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. 6 a.d. sk. Texas (Baird). Sclater Coll.
f. 6 ad, sk. Scully-ville, Texas Salvin-Godman Coll.
(McCarthey).
g, h. 3 Q ad.sk. Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i,j. & Q ad. Sk, Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
k. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. Purchased.
l. 3 jr. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. d ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. Sº ad, sk. Sucuya, Nicaragua (Watting). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.[P.].
Family II. OXYRHAMPHIDAE.
The single genus Oayrhamphus, which constitutes this family,
is at once recognizable from the Tyrannidae by its straight, sharp-
pointed bill, which is beset on the lores and front and under the
chin by numerous small and short bristly feathers, and by the
serration of the outer web of the outer primary. The tarsus is
exaspidean, as in the Tyrannidae. The digits are nearly free, as in
the Oscines. (See page 2.)
Three closely allied species of this genus are known from various
points of the Neotropical Region.
1. OXYFBIAMPHUS.
Type.
Qxyrhynchus, Temm. Pl, Col. t. 125 (1823).......... Q. flammiceps.
Oxyrhamphus, Strickl, Ann. Nat. Hist, vi. p. 420 (1841) O. flammicºs.
Structure of Oaxyrhamphus.

1. oxy RHAMPHUs. 281
Key to the Species.
Beneath pale yellowish green, with blackish
shaft-spots:
{ plumage duller: tail longer. . . . . . . . . . 1. flammiceps, p. 281.
plumage brighter: tail shorter . . . . . . 2, frater, p. 281.
Beneath white, flanks and belly tinged with
green, with blackish shaft-spots . . . . . . . . . . 3. hypoglaucus, p. 282.
1x0xyrhamphus flammiceps.
Oxyrhynchus flammiceps, Temm. Pl. Col. 125; Cab. et Heine, Mus.
Hein. ii. p. 31; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 160.
Oxyrhamphus flammiceps, Gray, List of Gen. (1841), p. 23; Bo.
Consp. i. p. 211; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 33; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras.
p. 42; Scl. et Salv. Womencl. p. 41.
Oxyrhynchus cristatus, Sw. Zool, Ill. pl. 49.
Oxyrhynchus serratus, Mikan, Del. Flor. et Faun. Bras. (cum fig.).
Above green, wings and tail blackish brown edged with green;
centre of crown black, with a large median crest, occupying the
vertex, of bright fiery red; superciliaries and sides of head pale
greenish, with black spots: beneath pale yellowish, thickly covered
with black shaft-spots; middle of belly and under wing-coverts pale
sulphur-yellow ; bill plumbeous; feet blackish: whole length 6-5
inches, wing 3-7, tail 2.5. Female similar, but red crest perhaps
not quite so bright.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a. Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Youds).
b. Ad. St. Brazil. Lord Stuart de Rothesay [P.].
c. Ad, St. Brazil. Eyton Coll.
d. Ad. St. Brazil. IPurchased.
e, f. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
g. Ad, sk. Brazil. Purchased.
2.ÉOxyrhamphus frater.
Oxyrhamphus frater, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 326; iid. Ev. Orn.
p. 131, t. 66; iid. Nomencl. p. 41.
Oxyrhynchus frater, Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 194 (Veragua).
Oxyrhynchus flammiceps, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. ix. p. 106 (Costa
Rica).
Nearly similar to O. flammiceps, but brighter; margins of the
secondaries and wing-coverts broader and of a lighter and more
yellowish colour; tail shorter.
Hab. Costa Rica and Weragua.
a. 6 ad.; b. Q Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. ; c. 2 jr. sk. gº
d. 92 jr. sk. Castillo, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Types of the species.)
e, f. 6 a.d. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
282 PIPRIDAF,
g. & ad. ; h. 3 jr. sk. Veragua (Arcé). O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
7. Ad, sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin-Godman Coll.
3.foxyrhamphus hypoglaucus.
Oxyrhamphus hypoglaucus, Salvin et Godman, Ibis, 1883, p. 206;
Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 291.
Above green; wings and tail brownish black edged with green ;
the margins of the coverts and secondaries broader and more yel-
lowish ; large vertical crest scarlet, bordered by black on each side :
beneath white, with a faint greenish tinge on the sides of the breast
and flanks, and covered with numerous blackish shaft-spots; middle
of belly white; under wing-coverts pale yellowish; bill above horn-
colour, beneath whitish ; feet plumbeous: whole length 6-3 inches,
wing 3-6, tail 25. Female similar.
Hab. Guiana.
a. Q ad, sk. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
b, c. 3 ad. ; d, e. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll,
9 a.d. sk. (Whitely). (Types of the species.)
..f. G. ad.; g, h. Q Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
ad. sk. (Whitely).
Family III. PIPRIDAE.
The Pipridae, of which about 70 species are known, have been
usually regarded as merely a subfamily of the Cotingidae, and the
two groups are certainly very closely allied. But as regards their
exaspidean tarsi, the Pipridae come nearer the Tyrannidae, and they
are further distinguished from most of the Cotingidae by their .
greater syndactylism. They are dentirostral Oligophones, mostly of
Small size, and generally of bright plumage in the male sex. (See
page 2.
The * are entirely confined to the Neotropical Region,
over which they range from Central America to Paraguay and the
confines of La Plata.
Key to the Subfamilies of Pipridae.
A. Bill short, much expanded at the
base ; terminal notch slight;
rictus almost smooth; tarsi
slender. Sexes usually dissimilar,
and colours of males brilliant, of -
females dull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. PIPRINAE, p. 283.
B. Bill more elongated and much
compressed; terminal notch dis-
tinct; rictus more or less bristled ;
tarsi stronger. Sexes alike or
nearly so, and colours mostly
dull . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. PTILOCIILORINAE, p. 316.
1. PIPRITES. 283
Subfamily I. PIPRINAE.
Key to the Genera.
A. Tail rather lengthened.
a. Frontal feathers recumbent.
a'. Tail squared or slightly rounded.
a". Without a nuchal crest.
a". Bill shorter . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. PIPRITEs, p. 283.
b". Bill longer:
| mesorhinium compressed
mesorhinium rounded . .
b". With a nuchal crest . . . . . . . .
b'. Outer tail-feathers much elongated
b. Frontal feathers erect.
c'. Bill short, widened at the base;
front crested.
Tarsi shorter; scutes divided. 6. METOPIA, p. 290.
| Tarsi longer; scutes united. 7. MASIUS, p. 290.
d'. Bill long, much constricted; front
not crested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. METOPoTHRIX, p. 292.
B. Tail short.
c. Wings of males normal.
Bill wider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. PIPRA, p. 292.
| Bill more compressed . . . . . . . . 10. NEoPIPo, p. 303.
d. Wings of males modified.
e'. Stems of secondaries thickened. . 11. MACHAEROPTERUS, p. 303.
f". Stems of primaries thickened.
c". Primaries straight . . . . . . . . . . 12. CHIRoxIPHLA, p. 307.
d". Primaries curved. *
| Middle tail-feathers length-
. CHLoRoPIPO, p. 286.
. XENOPIPO, p. 287.
CERATOPIPRA, p. 288.
. CIRRHOPIPRA, p. 289
i
ened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. HELICURA, p. 311.
Tail squared . . . . . . . . . . . . 14. CHIROMACHAERIS, p. 312.
1. PIPRITES.
Type.
Piprites, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 234 (1847).... P. pileatus.
Hemipipo, Cab. bid. (1847) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. chloris.
The short, strong, Parine bill, strong feet, and less united toes
sufficiently distinguish this little group of five species, which
extends from Costa Rica to Brazil. The first species shows these
characters to excess, the other four (Hemipipo) are not so divergent
in structure.
Key to the Species.
A. Bill shorter; back red : sexes distinct (Piprites). 1. pileatus, p. 284.
B. Bill longer; back green : sexes similar (Hemi-
pºpo), .. º
a. Cap olivaceous; front yellowish.
a'. Abdomen yellowish olive.
| Larger; nape olivaceous . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. chloris, p. 284.
| Smaller; nape greyish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. tschudiº, p. 284.
b'. Abdomen cinereous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, chlorion, p. 285.
b. Cap and front cinereous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. griseiceps, p. 285.
284 PIPRIDAE.
13 Piprites pileatus.
Pipra pileata, Temm. Pl. Col. 172, fig. 1.
Piprites pileatus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 234; BP. Consp.
i. p. 174; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 246; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 126; Sol, et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 53.
Above dark chestnut-red; cap black; wings black, edged with
green : Outer secondaries and wing-coverts red like the back; tail
red, with a large central black blotch occupying the whole of the
two middle pairs of rectrices except the tips : beneath reddish
fulvous; middle of belly and under wing-coverts yellowish; bill
and feet pale red : whole length 47 inches, wing 29, tail 2-1.
Female similar, but upper part of the back olivaceous.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a. Ad. St. Brazil. C. Darwin, Esq. [P.].
b, c, d ? ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
d. 6 ad, sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
2+ Piprites chloris.
Pipra chloris, Temm. Pl. Col. 172, fig. 2.
Piprites chloris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 174; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 246; Pelz.
Orn. Bras. p. 126; Sel. et Salo. Nomencl. p. 53.
Hemipipo chloris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 234.
Above olive-green; lores whitish ; front rufescent ; sides of head
cinereous; wings blackish edged with green ; broad tips of coverts
and outer secondaries white ; tail blackish, edged with green, and
tipped with white spots: beneath yellowish green; under surface
of remiges at their bases creamy white; bend of wing yellowish ;
bill cinereous; feet pale brown; whole length 5-7 inches, wing 2:8,
tail 2-2. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a. Ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
3.4 Piprites tschudii.
Pipra chloris, Tsch. F. P., Av. p. 144.
Hemipipo tschudii, Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 99; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 539; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1882, p. 79.
Piprites chloris, Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152 (Bogota).
Piprites chlorion, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 246; id. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 72
(Rio Napo); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 53; iid, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190
(Ucayali), 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 22.
Piprites tschudii, Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 334.
Similar to P. chloris, but rather smaller; bill longer; nape
cinereous; lores more yellowish.
Hab. Amazonia, Ecuador, and Colombia.
1. PIPRITES. 285
a. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
c. Ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.
4. Piprites chlorion.
Hemipipo chlorion, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 234.
Piprites chlorion, Bp. Consp. i. p. 174; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 126;
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1882, p. 78 (Brit. Guiana); Salv. Ibis, 1885,
p. 299 (Brit. Guiana).
Above bright olive-green; nape and sides of head cinereous ;
front and lores yellowish; wings and tail blackish, slightly margined
with olivaceous; tips of wing-coverts, broad ends of outer second-
aries, and tips of tail-feathers creamy white: beneath cinereous;
middle of belly whiter; throat and crissum pale yellow ; bill and
feet plumbeous: whole length 4-5 inches, wing 2:8, tail 22.
Female similar. -2/ /
Hab. British Guiana.
This species is at once distinguished from the former by its
yellowish throat and cinereous belly.
a. 3 a.d. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
b. Ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
c. & ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
d. 9 ad, sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
e, f. 6 Q ad. sk. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
~5.4 Piprites griseiceps.
Piprites griseiceps, Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 583 (Costa Rica); Lawr.
Ann. Lyc, N. Y. ix. p. 116 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869,
p. 309 (Costa Rica).
Above olive-green ; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive;
front, cap, and sides of head cinereous; spot in front of eye whitish :
beneath yellowish, olivaceous on the sides ; under wing-coverts
creamy white; bill blackish ; feet cinereous: whole length 4 inches,
wing 2.5, tail 1:8.
Hab. Costa Rica.
The dark ashy cap renders this species at once recognizable.
a. Ad, sk. Tucurriqué, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Type of the species.)
286 PIPRIDAE.
V 2. CHLOROPIPO, T
ype.
Chloropipo, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 90 (1859).. C. flavicapilla.
This genus was founded by Cabanis and Heine for Pipra flavi-
capilla of Colombia, which has the bill of a typical Pipra, but différs
from that genus in its much elongated wings and long tail. With
this may be associated for the present two species from Guiana and
Amazonia, of nearly uniform green colour in both sexes, con-
cerning which there is still much to be learned.
Key to the Species.
A. General plumage yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. flavicapilla, p. 286.
B. General plumage green:
wing longer; under wing-coverts white . . 2, uniformis, p. 286.
wing shorter; under wing-coverts cinereous 3. holochlora, p. 287.
1. Chloropipo flavicapilla.
Pipra flavicapilla, Sclater, Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 9; id. Contr. Orn. 1852,
. 132, pl. 97, fig. 2; id. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152 (Bogota).
cº flavicapilla, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 247; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 54; iid. P.Z.S. 1879, p. 516 (Antioquia); Tacz, et Berl.
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador).
Chloropipo flavicollis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 91 (err.).
Pipra plumosa, Licht, in Mus. Berol.
Above yellowish green; wings and tail brown, edged with
yellowish green; whole head above and neck with slightly elongated
feathers, bright yellow : beneath yellow, paler on the belly and
crissum ; under wing-coverts white; bill blackish; feet brown :
whole length 5 inches, wing 3, tail 2. Female yellowish olive;
abdomen paler, more yellow ; under wing-coverts white.
Hab. Colombia and Ecuador.
a. Ad. St. Bogota. Purchased.
b, c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
d, e. d ? ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.
g, h. 3 a.d. sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. Chloropipo uniformis.
Chloropipo uniformis, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 447; Salv. Ibis,
1885, p. 299 (Brit. Guiana).
Chloropipo unicolor, Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 335 (?).
Above olive-green : beneath rather paler; throat somewhat cine-
rascent ; under wing-coverts white; bill and feet dark plumbeous:
whole length 5:4 inches, wing 3-1, tail 2:4. Female similar.
Hab. British Guiana.
a, b, c, ad. ; c. 92 Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. (Whitely). (Types of the species.)
3. XENOPIPO. 287
© (e.
d, e. d ? ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
..f. 6 a.d. sk. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
g, h, d ? ad, sk. Twek-quey Mt., Carimangr., Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brit. Guiana (Whitely).
– 3. Chloropipo holochlora.
Pipra cornuta Q, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 751, et 1873, p. 282
(E. Peru).
Above uniform shining green; beneath paler, middle of abdomen
yellowish ; under wing-coverts cinereous; upper mandible plum-
beous, lower pale brown; feet hazel; whole length 4.5 inches,
wing 2:6, tail 18. Female similar (?).
Hab. Colombia and Amazonia.
a. Ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
b. Ad, sk. Vicinity of Pasto, Ecuador Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Lehmann).
c, d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll.
f. 6 ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].
S 3. XENOPIPO.
Type.
Xenopipo, Cab. in Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 235 (1847). X. atronitens.
This is a curious type, distinguished by its flattened mesorhinium,
and the uniform shining black plumage of the male. So far as is
yet known, it is peculiar to the Guianas and Lower Amazonia.
1. Xenopipo atronitens.
Xenopipo atronitens, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 235; id. in
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 697; Bp. Consp. i. p. 170; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 129; Scl. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 54; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 299
(Brit. Guiana).
Uniform shining black, not so bright below ; bill plumbeous:
feet black: whole length 4.7 inches, wing 2:8, tail 19. Female
green, paler beneath, throat and belly lighter.
Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia.
a, b. 3 ad. ; c. 3 Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
jr.; d, e. Qad. sk. (Whitely).
f. 6 a.d. sk. Brit. Guiana. Sclater Coll.
g. Q ad. Sk, Demerara (Brown), Salvin–Godman Coll.
h. & ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Salvin–Godman Coll.
2. G ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Purchased.
j. Q ad. sk. Rio Negro. Sclater Coll.
k. 6 ad. sk. Rio Igana (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
l, m, 3 Q ad, sk. Borba (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
n, Ad, sk. S. America. Gould Coll.
288 PIPRIDAE,
'4. CERATOPIPRA. Type
Ceratopipra, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6 (1854) . . . . . . . . C. cornuta.
The longer tail, stronger tarsi, and peculiar extended crest seem to
separate this genus from the typical Piprae, and I have therefore
placed it apart, under the generic term suggested for it by Bonaparte.
The two known species are restricted to Guiana and Amazonia.
Key to the Species.
A. Throat red, like the head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. cornuta, p. 288.
B. Throat black, like the belly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. iracunda, p. 288.
1. Ceratopipra cornuta.
Pipra cornuta, Spir, Av. Bras. ii. p. 5, pl. 7. f. 2; Wagl, Isis, 1830,
p.933; Cab. in Schomb. Guiana, iii. p. 696; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173;
JBurm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 444; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 71 (Rio
Napo) id. Cat. A. B. p. 248; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 127; Cab. et
Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 92; Sol. et Salv. Womencl. p. 54; Salv.
Ibis, 1885, p. 299 (Br, Guiana); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 337.
Ceratopipra cornuta, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod, p. 6.
Glossy black; whole head and neck all round, together with
elongated nuchal crest and thighs, bright scarlet ; bill and feet
whity brown ; whole length 4:8 inches, wing 2:5, tail 17. Female
green ; wings and tail brownish ; throat and middle of belly pale
yellowish green.
Bab. Guiana and district of Rio Negro.
a. & ad. St. British Guiana. |Purchased.
b–d, g ad, ; e. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
& jr.; f. 2
ad. sk.
g, h. 3 ad, ; i, j. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
Q ad, sk.
-2. Ceratopipra iracunda. (Plate XIX.)
Pipra iracunda, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 447; Salv, Ibis, 1885,
p. 300
Glossy black; whole head above and elongated nuchal crest and
thighs bright scarlet ; under wing-coverts black; bill and feet
whity brown: whole length 4:4 inches, wing 2.5, tail 1:5.
Hab. Guiana and Amazonia.
I am rather doubtful whether the three young males (b, c, d)
really belong to this species, but do not know where else to place
them.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely), Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Type of the species.)
b. 3 jr. sk. Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.
c. 3 jr. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. & jr. sk. Loretoyacu, E. Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
5. CIRRHOPIPRA. 289
~5. CIRRHOPIPRA. Type
Cirrhipipra, Bp. Consp. i. p. 172 (1850). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. filicauda.
Teleonema, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Wat. t. lxiii. (1850) .... C. filicauda.
The peculiar elongated tail-feathers render this form, which in
other respects comes very near the true Piprae, easily recognizable.
It is rather widely spread over Amazonia, Colombia, Ecuador, and
Venezuela.
Key to the Species.
A. Outer rectrices filiform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. filicauda, p. 289.
B. Outer rectrices acuminated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. heterocerca, p. 289.
1. Cirrhopipra filicauda.
Pipra filicauda, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 5, pl. 8, figs, 1,2; Wagl. Isis, xxºn,
1830, p. 936; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 143; Selater, P. Z. S.
1855, p. 152 (Bogota); id. Cat. A. B. p. 247; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 54; iid. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 (R. Ucayali), 1867, p. 579
(L, Amazons), 1868, p. 628 (Venezuela), 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru);
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 126; Tacz. Orn. Per. ii. p. 336; Burm. Syst.
Ueb. ii. p. 446.
Cirrhipipra filicauda, Bp. Consp. i. p. 172; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857,
p. 265 (Upper Amazons), et 1858, p. 71 (Rio Napo).
Teleonema filicaudum, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 91.
Welvety black; whole head and neck above scarlet, front yellow:
beneath bright yellow ; crissum black; inner webs of wing-feathers
with a large white blotch ; bill plumbeous; feet reddish : whole
length 5-8 inches, wing 2-6, tail 3. Female green; wings and
tail brown with green margins: beneath paler, more yellowish :
middle of belly yellow.
Hab. Amazonia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela.
a. 6 a.d. st Amazons. Purchased.
b. 3 ad. sk Barra do Rio Negro (Wallace). Sclater Coll.
c. 3 a.d. sk Upper Amazons (Haua well). Gould Coll.
d. & ad. Sk Pebas, E. Peru (Hawa well). Salvin–Godman Coll.
6 ad, sk Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
f, g. 6 ad. sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Q ad. sk Rio Napo. Sclater Coll.
i. 6 ad. sk Bogota, Salvin–Godman Coll.
j. 3 a.d. sk Bogota. Sclater Coll.
k. Q ad. sk Bogota. Purchased.
l. 3 ad, sk San Esteban, Venezuela. Sclater Coll.
'm. & ad. sk Venezuela (Goering). Salvin–Godman Coll.
2. Cirrhopipra heterocerca.
Pipra heterocerca, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 313 (N. Brazil); Scl, et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 54.
Similar to C. ſilicauda, but outer rectrices acuminated and pro-
duced, not filiform.
Hab. Amazonia.
WOL. XIV.
290 PIPRIDAE.
e
I have never seen but one example of this bird, and regret to say
that I do not know where that now is. It is perhaps rather a
doubtful species. *
& Mºtoria. **
Type.
Metopia, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 254 (1837) . . . . . . . . . . . . M. ºt.
Antilophia, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxiii. (1850) . . . . . . M. galeata.
This ornamental form, distinguished by its splendid scarlet crest
and head and long rounded tail, is found only in the interior of
South Brazil and Bolivia, where Natterer tells us it frequents
marshy places and keeps near the ground.
1. Metopia galeata.
Pipra galeata, Licht. Doubl. p. 28 (1823); Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 939;
Sw. B. Brazil, pl. 23. A.
Pipra wiedii, Less. Tr. d’Orn. i. p. 258.
Metopia galeata, Sw, Class. B. ii. p. 254; BP. Consp. i. p. 170; Burm.
Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 440; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 98; Sol. Cat.
A. B. p. 252; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 129; Sel, et Salv, Nomencl.
p 55; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia).
Antilophia galeata, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod, p. 5.
Velvety black; erect frontal crest, cap, and upper part of back
bright scarlet ; bill and feet brown : whole length 6-2 inches,
wing 3-1, tail 2-7. Female. Dull olive-green, paler below.
Hab. S. Brazil and Bolivia.
a. 6 a.d. St. Brazil. Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.].
b. 3 ad. ; c. 3 Brazil. Purchased.
jr. St.
d, e. g. ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. 6 ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
g, h. 3 SP ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
7. 9 a.d. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
7. MASIUS. Type
Masius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 175 (1850) ... . . . . . . . . . . . . M. chrysopterus.
Anticorys, Cab, et Heine, Mus, Hein. ii. p. 90 (1859). M. chrysopterus.
As in Metopia, the frontal feathers in Masius are erect and pro-
duced, and the tail is rounded. But the tarsi are longer, thinner,
and more nearly smooth, and the tail is proportionately not so
long. The two known species are restricted to Colombia and
Ecuador.
Rey to the Species.
A. Tips of crest-feathers slightly constricted,
rufous orange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. chrysopterus, p. 291.
B. Tips of crest-feathers much constricted, pale
brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. coronulatus, p. 291.
7. MASIUS. 291
1. Masius chrysopterus.
Pipra chrysoptera, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 97; id. Mag. de Zool.
1843, Ois. pl. 44; Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. p. 274, pl. 67, fig. 1.
Masius chrysopterus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 175; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855,
p. 152; d. Cat. A. B. p. 247; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 53; Tacz.
et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 93 (Eastern Ecuador).
Anticorys chrysoptera, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 90.
Above velvety black; large erect crest on the front and head
bright lemon-yellow, the feathers on the nape with deep reddish-
orange ends, slightly constricted; wings and tail black, with the
greater part of the inner webs of the remiges and rectrices of a
bright pale yellow : beneath black, large patch on throat yellow ;
bill and feet reddish: whole length 4-2 inches, wing 2-4, tail 1.8
Female. Olive-green : beneath pale, belly yellowish. &
Hab. Colombia and Eastern Ecuador.
a, b, c ad, ; c. 92 Bogota. Purchased.
ad. St.
d, e. d ? ad.; Bogota. Sclater Coll.
f. 6 jr. sk
g. d ad. ; h, i. 9 Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. ; j. G jr. sk
k—m. & ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.
n, d ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
2. Masius Coromulatus.
Masius coronulatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 91 (Ecuador); id.
Cat. A. B. p. 247; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 53; iid. P. Z. S. 1879,
pp. 516, 549 (Antioquia). w
Above velvety black; large erect crest on the front and head
bright lemon-yellow, the feathers on the nape with pale clear brown
ends, much constricted; wings and tail black, with the greater part
of the remiges and rectrices of a bright pale yellow : beneath black,
large patch on throat yellow; bill and feet reddish : whole length
4 inches, wing 2:4, tail 1-6.
Female. Olive-green : beneath paler, belly yellowish.
Hab. Ecuador and Antioquia.
The specimen from Antioquia (j) shows a slight divergence
towards M. chrysopterus (cf. Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 516).
a. 6 ad. sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. , (Type
of the species.)
b, c, d Q ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d, e. g. Qad.; f. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d jr. sk.
g, h. 3 ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Gould Coll.
i. 3 ad, sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. 6 a.d. sk. Antioquia, Colombia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
U 2
292 PIPRIDAE.
4-3 era.
8 METOPOTHRIX. Type
Metopothrix, Sol. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 . . . . . . . . . . . . M. aurantiacus.
This is a very abnormal and singular form, which may perhaps
belong elsewhere, but on the whole shows most similarity to the
Pipridae. The frontal plumes are erect but short ; the tarsi are
nearly smooth, as in Masius, but shorter and rather thicker, and the
outer toe not apparently so far united to the middle toe as in the
more typical Piprae. The tail-feathers are much graduated and
pointed.
1. Metopothrix aurantiacus.
Metopothrix aurantiacus, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190, pl. xviii.
(R. Ucayali), et 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 55; Tacz.
Orn. Pér. ii. p. 349.
Above olive; wings blackish, edged with olive; frontal plumes
erect, orange: beneath paler; throat and breast orange-yellow,
passing into pale yellowish olive on the belly; bill brown; feet
yellow : whole length 47 inches, wing 23, tail 2.
Hab. Eastern Peru and Ecuador.
a. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Amazons (E. Bartlett). Sclater Coll. . (Type
of the species.)
b. Ad, sk. Lower Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].
c. 3 ad, sk. Samiria, Upp. Amazons (Haua- Salvin-Godman Coll.
well).
d. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
9. PIPRA *.
we Type.
Pipra, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 338 (1766). . . . . . . . . . . . P. aureola.
Pythis, Boie, Isis, 1826, p. 971 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. leucocilla.
Dixiphia, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxiii. (1850) ... P. leucocilla.
Lepidothrix, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod, p. 6 (1854) ... P. cyaneocapilla.
Corapipo, Bp. bid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. gutturalis.
Dasyncetopa, Bp. bid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. Serena.
Tyranneutes, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 269 , , ... P. virescens.
In the typical genus Pipra the males are generally adorned with
patches of most brilliant plumage, which present great contrasts in
their tints. The eighteen known species, all of small size, are distri-
buted throughout the hot forests of Central and Southern America,
* I am not acquainted with Pipra opalizans, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 186, from
Para, of which the typical specimen has been lost.
9. PIPRA. 293
from Southern Mexico to Bolivia. The tail is short, and squared at
the end.
Key to the Species.
A. Sexes dissimilar; males above and beneath
more or less black.
a. Throat red or yellow; belly black:
tail black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. aureola, p. 293.
tail with white spot on outer rectrix. 2. flavicollis, p. 294.
tail with white bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. fasciata, p. 294.
b. Under surface black.
a'. Cap red.
a". Thighs red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. rubricapilla, p. 295.
b". Thighs yellow:
| chin black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. chloromeros, p. 295.
chim yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. mentalis, p. 295.
b'. Cap yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. auricapilla, p. 296.
c'. Cap white:
rump black, like the back. . . . . . . . 8. leucocilla, p. 297.
{º} pale blue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, isidori, p. 298.
d'. Cap blue:
rump black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. velutina, p. 299.
| rump bluish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. cyaneocapilla, p. 299.
rump blue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. caeruleocapilla, p. 300.
c. Throat black; belly yellow :
breast-spot yellow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. Serena, p. 300.
no yellow breast-spot . . . . . . . . . . . . 14, suavissima, p. 300.
d. Throat white; belly black:
| crissum black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15. gutturalis, p. 301.
| crissum white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16. leucorrhoa, p. 301.
B. Sexes dissimilar; male with back green... 17. nattereri, p. 302.
C. Sexes similar, all green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18. virescens, p. 302.
1. Pipra aureola.
Pipra aureola, Linn, S. N. i. p. 339; Desm. Tang. pl. 54; Hahn w.
Rüster, Vög, Lief, ii. pl. 5; Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 933; Cab. in
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 696; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173; Cab. et Hein.
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 91; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 248; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1868, p. 168 (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p. 54; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 127; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 299 (Brit. Guiana).
Above black; whole head and neck bright scarlet-red: beneath
black; throat, breast, and middle line of belly scarlet, throat
tinged with yellow ; under wing-coverts and broad band across the
inner webs of the remiges white; bend of wing yellowish; thighs
yellow ; bill black; feet carneous: whole length 4-5 inches, wing
2.5, tail 1:2. Female. Olive: beneath yellowish, brighter on the
middle of the belly.
Hab. Guiana, Surinam, Cayenne, Venezuela, and Trinidad.
294 PIPRIDAE.
a. SP ad. St. S. America. H. º Rothery, Esq.
b, c. 2 jr. st. S. America. Purchased.
d. 6 jr. sk. Surinam. Sclater Coll.
e. 6 ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
..f. 6 ad, sk. Cayenne. Salvin–Godman Coll.
g. ‘P ad, sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
h. 6 ad. Sk. Pilar, Nueva Andalucia, Vene- Salvin-Godman Coll,
zuela (Goering).
2. d ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
j. 6 ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Col).
k. Q ad. sk. Trinidad (Boucard). Salvin–Godman Coll.
l. 3 ad. sk. Trinidad. Gould Coll.
2.*Pipra flavicollis.
Pipra flavicollis, Sclater, Contr. Orn. 1851, p. 143; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 248; Sol. et Salv, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 579 (Lower Amazons); iid.
Nomencl. p. 54.
Pipra aureola (ex Borba), Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 126 (?).
Similar to P. aureola, but throat and neck pure yellow, and
outer rectrix with a small white central spot.
Hab. Lower Amazonia.
This is clearly an intermediate form between P. aureola and
P. fasciata.
a. 6 ad. sk. Barra do Rio Negro (Wallace). Sclater Coll. (Type
of the ºries)
b. 6 ad sk. Rio Negro. Purchased.
c. 92 ad. sk. Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.
3.4 Pipra fasciata,
Pipra fasciata, d'Orb, et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 38; d’Orb. Voy., Ois.
p. 295, pl. 30, fig. 1; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.
ii. p. 92; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 248; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 127; Scl. et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 54; iid, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 579 (Lower Amazons),
...,p. 282 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 616 (Bolivia); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 337.
Black; whole head and neck all round and breast yellow, with
the feathers more or less tipped with crimson; belly and under
wing-coverts yellow ; a broad white band across the inner web of
the wing-feathers, also across the base of the tail; bill blackish ;
feet brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2-6, tail 1:2. Female.
Dull olive : beneath paler, abdomen yellowish.
Hab. Upper Amazonia, int. of Brazil and Bolivia.
a. G ad. St. S. America. Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.].
b. 3 ad. sk. Matto Grosso, Brazil (Nutterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Q ad, sk. Eng, do Gama, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
d. 3 ad, sk. Rio Parana (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
e. 6 ad, sk. Eastern Peru. Salvin–Godman Coll.
f. 6 ad, sk. Upper Ucayali, E. Bartlett [C.].
9. PIPRA. 295
*
41 Pipra rubricapilla.
Manacus rubrocapillus, Briss. Av. iv. p. 450.
Pipra erythrocephala, var. 8, Linn. S. N. i. p. 339.
Pipra . Temm. Pl. Col. 54. fig. 3; d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 294;
Bp. Consp. i. p. 173; Selater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 265 (U. Amazons);
Žd. Cat. A. B. p. 248; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 127; Scl. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 282 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 54; Forbes,
Ibis, 1881, p. 344 (N.E. Brazil); Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii.
. 92
º/
p. 92.
Pipra erythrocephala, Licht. Doubl. p. 29; Maa. Beitr. iii. p. 422;
Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 933; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 443.
Dixiphia rubricapilla, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6.
Black; cap and thighs crimson-red; under wing-coverts whitish ;
bill and feet pale brown: whole length 4 inches, wing 2:4, tail 1:2.
Female. Above green : beneath paler; under wing-coverts cinereous.
Hab. Brazil and Amazonia.
a, b. 3 a.d.; c. 2 Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. ; d, e. g.
ir. sk.
fº & ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
*—k. & ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Gould Coll.
l. 3 ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
m, n. 6 ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
o, p. 3 & ad. sk. Yguitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
q. & ad. sk. Ega, Upper Amazons. Purchased,
5+ Pipra chloromeros.
Pipra chloromeros, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 271; id. Faun.
Per., Aves, p. 144; Sol, Cat. A. B. p. 248; Sel. et Salv. Womencl.
p. 54; iid P. Z. S. 1869, p. 598 (S. Peru), 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia);
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539, et 1882, p. 22 (Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 339.
Black; cap and nape crimson-red; thighs yellow ; under wing-
coverts black; bill and feet pale brown ; whole length 4-3 inches,
wing 2-3, tail 1-3. Female. Green : beneath paler; under wing-
coverts whitish.
PIab. Peru and Bolivia.
a, b. 3 Q ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
c. 3 ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru (Whitely). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d. & ad. St. Bolivia. Purchased.
e. 6 ad. Sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Baganti, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
6.t Pipra mentalis.
Pipra mentalis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 299, pl. 121, et 1859, p. 385
(Oaxaca); id. Cat. A. B. p. 249; Sel. et Salv, Ibis, 1859, p. 125;
296
PIPRIDAE.
iid, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 362 (Panama), et 1870, p. 837 (Honduras);
ãd. Womencl. p. 54; Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. ix. p. 116 (Costa
Rica); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica); Salv. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 200 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1872, p. 318 (Nicaragua);
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 66 (Costa Rica).
Black; cap and nape crimson-red; spot on chin, thighs, and
under wing-coverts lemon-yellow ; bill and feet pale brown : whole
length 4 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1:2. Female. Green : beneath lighter;
belly yellowish ; under wing-coverts pale yellow.
Hab, S. Mexico and Central America down to Panama.
a, b, d ? ad. St. Cordova, Mexico (Sallé). Purchased.
c. 3 ad. sk. Tizimin, N.Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. G º e—g. Q Mugeres I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad, sk.
h. & ad. sk. Meco I., Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. & ad. St. Honduras. Purchased.
j, d ad. sk. Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Vera Paz (Salvin).
k, l. 3 Q ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz §: Salvin-Godman Coll.
m, n. 6 @ ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin
. Sclater Coll.
o, d ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.
p. 3 ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q, d ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.
miol).
p. 3 ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
s. Q ad. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
t, w. & Q ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.
v. 6 a.d. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
w, v, d ad.; y, z, Panama (McLeannan). Salvin–Godman Coll.
Q ad. sk.
a'. 6 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
P
7A Pipra auricapilla.
Manacus aurocapillus, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 448, pl. 34, fig. 2.
iº erythrocephala, Linn. S. N. i. p. 339; Desm. Tang, pls. 60, 61;
ieill. Enc. Méth. p. 261; Hahn u. Küst, Vög. Lief. xv. pl. 3. fig. 1;
Bp. Consp. i. p. 173.
Pipra auricapilla, Licht. Doubl. p. 29; Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 934; Cab.
in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 696; Burm. Syst, Ueb. ii. p. 444; Selater,
P. Z. S. 1858, p. 457 (dº ; id. Cat. A. B. p. 249; Pelz. Orn.
Bras. p. 127; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 92; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1866, p. 567 (Peru), 1867, pp. 680 (L. Amazons), 751 (E. Peru),
978 (Amazonia), 1868, p. 628 (Venezuela), 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru);
ãd. Womencl. p. 54; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 87 (Trinidad); Layard,
Ibis, 1873, p. 384 (Para); Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 573 (Trinidad);
Salv, et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 169 (Santa Marta); Berl. J. f. O.
1884, p. 304 (Bucaramanga); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (British
Guiana); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 340.
Shining black; cap golden yellow ; thighs crimson; bill and feet
yellowish brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2-3, tail 0-9.
Female. Green : beneath paler; middle of belly yellowish.
Hab. Guiana, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and Amazonia.
9. PIPRA. 297
a, b. 3 a.d. st. S. America. Purchased.
c. 3 ad. ; d. 3 Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
jr. sk.
e. Q ad, sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.
f, g. 6 2 ad. sk. Maroni River, Surinam Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Kappler).
h. 6 a.d. sk. George Town, Demerara. Salvin–Godman Coll.
2. c ad, ; f. 6 Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
jr. sk. (Whitely).
k, l, d ? ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
m. G ad. sk. River Attapurow, Brit. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Guiana (Whitely).
n. & ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
o, ö ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Wallace).
p, q. 3 Q ad. sk. River Amazons (Wallace). Salvin–Godman Coll.
r. & ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
S. 6 a.d. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Tweeddale Coll.
t. 6 ad, sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bart- Salvin–Godman Coll.
w. G. jr. ; ). Sº
sk
w, v. 3 ad, sk.
lett).
Chyavetas, E. Peru.
Eastern Peru (Farris).
E. Bartlett [C.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
9, 2, 3 a.d. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
a'. & ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
b'—d". & ad. sk. Bogota. Gould Coll.
e', f'. & Q ad. sk. Bucaramanga, U.S.C. (Minlos). Sclater Coll.
g'. Q ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Sclater Coll.
(Goering).
h'. & ad. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
?'. 6 ad. sk. Cauca, U.S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j', k'. 69 ad, sk. Miº Santa Marta, U.S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Simon3).
l'. 6 ad, sk. Chepo, Isthmus of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
t
(Arcé).
8.* Pipra leucocilla.
Pipra leucocilla, Linn. S. N. i. p. 340; Hahn w. Küster, Vög. Lief. x.
pl. 2; Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 697; BP. Consp. i. p. 173;
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 444; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 114
(Quijos), 1855, p. 122 (Bogota), et 1857, p. 265 (U. Amazon); id.
Cat. A. B. p. 249; Cab. et Hein. Mus, Henn. ii. p. 93; Wagl.
Isis, 1830, p. 934; Sol, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 (R. Ucayali),
1867, pp. 580 (L. Amazons), 751 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 283 (E.
Peru); Žid. Nomencl. p. 54; Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149, et 1870,
p. 200 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (Br. Guiana); Pelz.
Orn. Bras. p. 127; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 384 (Para); Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1882, p. 22 (N.E. Peru); id. Orm. Pér, ii. p. 341.
º leucocapilla, Gm. S. N. i. p. 1002; Desm. Tang, pl. 59; Maa.
eitr. iii. p. 427.
Pº coracina, Sel. P. Z. S. 1856, p. 29 (Bogota), et 1858, p. 71 (Rio
Vapo); id. Cat. A. B. p. 249; Cab, et Hein, Mus, Hein. ii. p. 93;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 22 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 342.
298 PIPRIDAE.
Shining black; cap pure white : bill and feet brown: whole
length 3-5 inches, wing 2.5, tail 1-3. Female. Above green ; cap
with a cinereous tinge: beneath paler; throat somewhat cinereous;
middle of belly lighter.
Hab. Veragua, and South America from Panama down to Peru
and S.E. Brazil.
After comparing a large series I am unable to draw a satisfactory
line between the northern form which I formerly kept distinct (as
P. coracina) and the southern birds. The former is perhaps
somewhat larger and more intense in colour.
a, b. c. 9 a.d. st. South America. Purchased.
c. 6 a.d. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d. 6 jr. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. 9 a.d. sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
9. G ad. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
h. & ad. sk. Cordillera de Tolé, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Arcé).
?, j. 6 @ ad. Sk, Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Types
of P. coracina, Scl.)
k. Q ad. sk Bogota. Sclater Coll.
l. 3 ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. d ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. G ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Purchased.
o, d ad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Gould Coll.
p. 3 a.d. sk. Peruvian Amazons. Sclater Coll.
q. 6 a.d. sk. Ega, Upper Amazons. Purchased.
7. 9 ad. sk. R. Ucayali. Gould Coll.
S. 6 a.d. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Haua - Gould Coll.
well).
t. 6 a.d. sk. Huambo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
w, v. & Q ad, sk. Chiromato, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
w, ar. & Q ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
9, 2, 3 Q ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
a', b'. d ? ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
c'. 6 ad. sk. Maroni River, Surinam (Kap- Salvin-Godman Coll.
pler).
d', e. d ? ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.
f", g'. & ad. ; h". 6 Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
.” '', j'. Q ad.
k'. & ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Salvin-Godman Coll.
Janeiro (Youds).
!". SP ad. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m'. G * m'. 6 Brazil. Sclater Coll.
Jr. Sk,
9." Pipra isidori.
Pipra isidori, Sclater, Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 9; id. Contr. Orn. 1852,
p. 132, pl. 100 fig.1; id. P. Z. S. 1854, p. TIA (Ecuador),etl855, p. 153
(Bogota); id. Cat. A. B. p. 249; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 342.
Black; cap pure white; rump pale lilac-blue; bill and feet brown :
9. PIPRA. 299
whole length 2.7 inches, wing 1-9, tail 0-9. Female. Green, be-
neath paler; middle of belly yellowish.
Hab. Colombia and Ecuador.
a. G ad. ; b, c. 92 Bogota. Sclater Coll.
ad, sk.
d, e. g. ad. ; f. 2 Bogota. Purchased.
ad. sk.
9. 6 ad. sk. Colombia. Gould Coll.
h, i. 3 ad. ; j. Q Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll.
8.01. SR.
k. & ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. 3 a.d. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley), Sclater Coll.
"m. & ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.
-10.tpipra velutina.
Pipra cyaneocapilla, Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149, et 1870, p. 200
(Veragua); Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 362 (Panama), et 1879,
p. 517 (Antioquia).
Pipra velutina, Berl, Ibis, 1883, p. 492.
Black; front black; cap bright blue ; bill and feet black: whole
length 3:1 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1:1. Female. Green, beneath
paler; middle of belly yellowish.
Hab, Weragua, Panama, and Colombia.
This Northern form is distinguishable from P. cyaneocapilla by its
black front, black rump, and more intense black colour.
a. & ad. ; b. 3 jr. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk.
c. 3 jr. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 3 ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
e, f. 6 ad.; g. Q Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk.
h. 6 ad. sk. Lion Hill Station, Isthm. of Salvin-Godman Coll.
Panama (McLeannan).
7. & ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U.S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
11:t Pipra cyaneocapilla.
Pipra cyaneocapilla, Hahn w. Küster, Vög. Lief. xv. pl. 3. fig. 2 (1822);
Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 934; BP. Consp. i. p. 174; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii.
p. 445; Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 93; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 249;
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 128; Scl.et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54; iid P. Z. S. 1866,
p. 190 (R. Ucayali), 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons), p. 751 (E. Peru),
et p. 978 (Amazonia), 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru); Tacz. Orn. Pér.
ii. p. 343.
Piº coronata, Spia, Av. Bras. ii. p. 5, pl. 7, fig. 1 (1825); Lafr, Rev.
Zool. 1847, p. 70; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 114 (Quijos), et 1857,
p. 265 (U. Amazons).
Pipra herbacea, Spiz, Av. Bras. ii. p. 6, pl. 8a, fig. 1 (Q); Sclater,
P. Z. S. 1854, p. 114.
Black; cap bright blue ; rump with a pale bluish tingo: whole
length 3-4 inches, wing 2:4, tail 1'4.
Hab. Amazonia.
300 PIPRIDAE.
a, b, d ? ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c, d. 3 ad. St. R. Amazons. Purchased.
e. P ad. St. Ega, Amazons. Purchased.
J. d jr. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.
9. & ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].
h. 6 a.d. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. 6 jr. sk. River Huallaga (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
j, k, d ad. Sk. Peruvian Amazons (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. 3 ad. sk. Peruvian Amazons. Sclater Coll.
m. SP ad. sk. Rio Napo. Gould Coll.
m. SP ad. sk. Ecuador. Sclater Coll.
12+ Pipra caeruleocapilla.
Pipra caeruleocapilla, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1844, pt. i. p. 271; id. Faun.
Pér., Av. p. 145; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 782 (S. Peru); i.d.
Nomencl. p. 54; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539 (C. Peru); id. Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 344.
Black; cap and rump blue: whole length 3-5 inches, wing 2-4,
tail I “2.
Plab. Peru.
This little-known species has a conspicuous blue rump like the
head, and is quite distinct.
13.4 Pipra serena,
Pipra serena, Linn. S. N. i. p. 340; Desm. Tang. pl. 62; Vieill, Gal.
Ois. iii. p. 95, pl. 72; Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 935; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173;
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 445; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 93;
Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 249; Scl. et Salv. Womencl. p. 54.
Black; frontal plumes erect, white; rump blue; spot in the
middle of the breast and belly yellow; bill and feet dark brown :
whole length 3:2 inches, wing 2, tail 0-9.
Hab. Cayenne.
a. G ad. sk. Cayenne. Gould Coll.
b. d ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
c. 0 ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 6 a.d. sk. Guiana. Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. 6 ad. St. Cayenne. Purchased.
`-14, rRipra suavissima,
Pipra suavissima, Salv, et Godin, Ibis, 1882, p. 79, pl. i. (Brit. Guiana);
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (Br, Guiana).
Pipra serena, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 697 (?).
Black; vertical plumes erect, white, with a slight bluish tinge on
the posterior border; rump bright lilac ; middle of abdomen deep
orange: whole length 3-5 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1:2. Female.
Green, beneath paler; abdomen yellow.
Hab. British Guiana.
The white vertex, and the want of the yellow spot on the breast,
as also the deep orange colour of the belly, at once distinguish this
fine species from P. serena.
9. PIPRA. 301
a, b. 3 a.d.; c. 3 Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
jr.; d, e. P ad. sk. (Whitely). (Types of the species.)
f, g, d ad. sk. Merumé Mts. (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
h. & ad. sk. River Attapurow (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
8, j. 6 Q ad. sk. Roraima (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k, l, d ? ad. sk. Roraima (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
m, n. 6 S2 ad. ; Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
o, dº jr. sk. (Whitely).
15.4 Pipra gutturalis.
Pipra gutturalis, Linn. S. W. i. p. 340; Desm. Tang. pls. 63,65;
Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 935; Bp. Consp. i. p. 174; Burm. Syst. Ueb.
ii. p. 445; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 250; Scl. et Salv. Womencl. p. 54;
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (Br. Guiana).
Pipra perspicillata, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 935; BP. Consp. i. p. 174;
wºrm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 445 (2).
Coropipo gutturalis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 94.
Shining black; whole throat extending to middle of the breast
and a large patch on the under surface of the wings white; bill
brown, base of lower mandible whitish ; feet brown : whole length
3-3 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1:1. Female. Green, beneath paler,
throat whitish.
Hab. Guiana and Cayenne.
a. 3 ad. St. Cayenne. Purchased.
b, c. 3 Q ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
d. 6 a.d. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. 6 a.d.; f, g. 6 Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
ir. sk. (Whitely).
h.3 ai; i. 3 Meruméſts, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
jr. sk. (Whitely).
j , k. & 2 ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
16, Pipra leucorrhoa.
Pipra leucorrhoa, Sel. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 63, pl. x. (Colombia); Salv.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149, et 1870, p. 200 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1872,
pp. 313, 318 &iº. Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. p. 116
(Costa Rica); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica); Sel, et
Salv, Nomencl. p. 54; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 66 (Costa Rica);
Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 305 (Bucaramanga).
Shining black; throat and crissum white; under surface of wings
dark ashy; bill cinereous, paler beneath; feet pale brown : whole
length 3-5 inches, wing 2:2, tail 1:2. Female. Green, beneath
paler, throat whitish.
Hab. Costa Rica, Weragua, Panama, and Colombia.
The white tips to the crissal feathers and the want of the white
blotch on the under surface of the wings distinguish this species
from P. gutturalis.
a. 3 a.d. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. 3 ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.
miol.)
302 JPIPRIDAE.
dº ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
& jr.; e. Q ad. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.
sk
f. & ad. ; g, h. 3 Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ir. sk.
i,j. 6 2 ad, sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ſº. 6 a.d. sk. Chitra, Veragua (Arcé). O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].,
l, m. d ? ad. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
m, c ad, sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o. 9 ad. Sk, Southern slope, Volcan de Salvin–Godman Coll.
Chiriqui gº).
p. 3 a.d.; g. 6 jr. Bogota, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.
sk.
(Types of the species.)
17.*Pipra mattereri.
Pipra nattereri, Sel. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 611, pl. 39; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 127; Sol. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 54.
Bright green; cap and rump pure white : beneath yellow ; throat
greenish: whole length 3 inches, wing 2, tail 1. Female. Green ;
cap bluish : beneath paler, middle of belly yellow.
Hab. Borba, Rio Madeira.
a. Q ad. sk. Borba (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimen.)
18. Pipra wirescens.
Pipra virescens, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 128, 187; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S.
º: 3, p. 283 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 54; Tacz, P. Z. S. 1882,
p. 23 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 345; Salv. et Godm. Ibis,
1883, p. 208 (Brit. Guiana); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (Brit. Guiana).
Pipra sp. inc., Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 751 (E. Peru).
Tyranneutes brachyurus, Sel, et Salv, Ibis, 1881, p. 269; cf. Salv.
et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 208.
Green; concealed spot on vertex yellow ; beneath paler, middle of
belly yellowish : whole length 2:8 inches, wing 1.9, tail J. Female
similar, but without the head-spot.
Hab. Amazonia and Guiana.
In accordance with the opinions of Graf v. Pelzeln and Messrs.
Salvin and Godman I unite Tyranneutes brachyurus to Pipra
virescens. But I remark that all the specimens of the latter of both
sexes (as determined by the collector) have a well-marked yellow
vertical spot, which is either absent or barely discernible in the
Amazonian bird. I have therefore arranged these forms as two sub-
species.
a. Subsp. typica.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Rio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimen of P. virescens.)
b. Ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll,
c. 2 ad. sk. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett), Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 6 a.d. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Bart- Salvin-Godman Coll.
lett).
10. NEOPIPO.-11. MACHAEROPTERUS. 303
e. 6 a.d. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett TC.T.
f. §2 ad. sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru. E. Bartlett ſG.].
/, h. Ad. Sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
!. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Subsp. brachyura.
a b. 3 Q ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely). (Types of Tyranneutes brachyurus.)
c. 9 a.d. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
d, e. g. Q ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
j. 6 a.d. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
g. 6 a.d. sk. Carimangr., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
10. NEOPIPO, Type
Neopipo, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 438. . . . . . . . . . N. cinnamomea.
The single species of this genus seems to be closely allied to
Pipra, but has a smaller and more constricted bill. It is also
divergent in its generally rufous coloration.
1. Neopipo cinnamomea.
Pipra cinnamomea, Lawr. Pr. Ac. Sc. Phil, 1868, p. 429.
Neopipo rubicunda, Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 438, pl. 30. fig. 3.
Neopipo cinnamomea, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru);
id. Womencl. p. 54; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 301 (Brit. Guiana); Tacz.
Orn. Pér. ii. p. 346.
Above bright fulvous red; head and neck dusky cinereous, with a
yellow or reddish vertical spot: below rather paler, throat more or
less cinereous; bill and feet pale brown : whole length 3-5 inches,
wing 2:1, tail 1:5.
Hab. Amazonia and British Guiana.
a. 6 jr. sk, Chamicuros, Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
b, c, d ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].
d, e. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f, g. 6 2 ad, sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
11: MACHAEROPTERUS.
Type.
Machaeropterus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6 (1854) . . . . M. regulus.
This brilliant little group of four species is remarkable for the
abnormal structure of the secondary wing-feathers in the male,
which I have described below. It is restricted to Colombia,
Amazonia, and Brazil.
304 PIPRIDAE.
Key to the Species.
A. Plumage below striated.
a. Cap scarlet:
no crimson on breast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. regulus, p. 304.
#: stained with crimson. . . . . . . . . . 2. striolatus, p. 304.
b. Cap yellow, with a scarlet band. . . . . . . . . . 3. pyrocephalus, p. 305.
B. Plumage below dark chestnut . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. deliciosus, p. 305.
1. Machaeropterus regulus.
Pipra regulus, Hahn w. Küster, Vög. Lief, iv. pl. 4: figs., a, b (1821).
Pipra strigilata, Maw. Reis. Bras. i. p. 187 (1822); d. Beitr. iii.
p. 430; Temm. Pl. Col. 54, figs. 1, 2; Licht. Doubl. p. 29; Sw.
B. Brazil, pl. 25; BP. Consp. i. p. 174; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 445.
Pipra lineata, Thunb. Mém. Acad. Pétersb. 1822, p. 284, pl. 8, fig. 1.
Machaeropterus strigilatus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6.
Machaeropterus regulus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 94; Sel. Ibis,
1862, p. 176 (S.E. Brazil); id. Cat. A. B. p. 250; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 128; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54.
Above green; wings and tail dark slaty, more or less edged
with green; crown scarlet : beneath white, breast greenish, abdomen
flammulated with rufous; under wing-coverts white; bill and feet
reddish: whole length 3-3 inches, wing 2, tail 0-9. Female similar
but paler below, and with the crown green like the back.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a. G ad. St. |Brazil. Purchased.
b, c. 3 Q ad.; d. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
G jr. sk.
e. 6 *i. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. 6 a.d. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
g. 9 ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
h, i. 3 Q ad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.
j, k d ad. ; l, m, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
Q ad. sk
2. Machaeropterus striolatus.
Pipra striolata, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 122; id. Consp. i. p. 174; Gray et
itch. Gen. B. i. p. 274, pl. 67. fig. 2; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152
(Bogota), 1857, p. 265 (U. Amazon), et 1858, p. 72 (Rio Napo).
Pipra strigilata, Wagl, Isis, 1830, p. 936.
Machaeropterus striolatus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 94; Sel.
Ibis, 1862, p. 176 (Venezuela); id. Cat. A. B. p. 250; Sol. et
Salo. Nomencl. p. 54; iid P. Z. S. 1866, p. 567 (Peru), 1867,
p. 751 (E. Peru) et p. 978 (Amazonia), 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru),
1879, p. 517 (Antioquia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru);
id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 347; Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. §§ (Bucaramanga).
Above green; crown scarlet : beneath, throat greyish white,
breast more or less stained with scarlet; belly densely covered with
white and dark chestnut stripes; under wing-coverts white; bill
and feet brown : whole length 3-3 inches, wing 2, tail 0-9. Female
similar, but crown green and much less distinctly striped below.
11. MACHAEROPTERUs. 305
Hab. Colombia and Amazonia.
This northern representative of M. regulus may be distinguished
by its breast being stained with scarlet, and the darker and more
numerous flammulations of the abdomen.
a. 6 ad. st. S. America. Purchased.
b. 6 ad. sk. River Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
c, d. 3 9 ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru (Haua- J. Gould, Esq.
well).
e. 6 a.d. sk. pººr. Peru (Hauwwell). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f, g, d ad. Sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. 9 ad, sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
2, 3 ad. ; j. Jr. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
k, l, d ? ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
m. Q ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll.
3. Machaeropterus pyrocephalus.
Pipra pyrocephala, Sel. Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 9; id. Contr. Orn. 1852,
p. 132, t. xcvii. fig. 1.
Machaeropterus pyrocephalus, Scl. Ibis, 1862, p. 176 (Peruvian
Amazons); Cab. et Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 94; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 128; Sol, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54; iid P. Z. S. 1878, p. 139;
Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 346.
Above brownish rose-colour, sides of head and wings green;
crown bright yellow, with a broad central scarlet stripe : beneath
pale rosy cinereous, with slight longitudinal stripes of darker
colour; thighs and flanks chestnut ; tail dark ashy, with the feathers
stiffened; bill above dark horn-colour, below paler: feet pale
reddish: whole length 3 inches, wing 21, tail 0-9. Female green,
beneath paler.
Hab. Interior of Brazil, and Amazonia.
a. G ad. sk. Eng. do Gama, Mato Grosso, Brazil Sclater Coll.
(Natterer).
b. 6 ad. sk. Mato Grosso, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c, d. 3 ad. ; River Ucayali (Haua well). J. Gould, Esq.
e. [2 ad. Sk.
4. Machaeropterus deliciosus,
Pipra deliciosa, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 90.
Machaeropterus deliciosus, Sel. Ibis, 1862, p. 176, pl. vi. (W. Ecuador)
id. Cat. A. B. p. 250; Sel. et Sah. Womencl. p. 54.
Above dark chestnut, front part of crown scarlet ; wings and tail
black: beneath similar, flanks and under wing-coverts white; bend
of wing yellowish ; bill black; feet pale flesh-colour: whole length
3-3 inches, wing 2:5, tail 0-9. Female. Olive-green; beneath paler;
belly and under wing-coverts yellowish.
Hab. Ecuador.
The chestnut body at once distinguishes this peculiar species,
WOLe XIV. X
306 - JPIPRIDAE,
which also shows the peculiar wing-structure of the males of this
genus in a marked degree. This may be described as follows:—
The ten primaries are of the ordinary formation of birds of this
family, the first being shorter than the second, third, and fourth,
Secondaries of Macharopterus deliciosus. (P.Z.S. 1860, p. 90)
a, 5. Fifth and sixth secondaries of male Macharopterus deliciosus, from above.
c. Seventh secondary, from beneath. d, e. Fifth and sixth secondaries of
female, from above. f. Seventh secondary of female, from beneath.
which are nearly equal and longest, and of about the same length
as the sixth. The first three secondaries are thick-stemmed and
curved towards the body at a distance of about two thirds of their
length from the base. The fourth and fifth show this structure to
a greater degree, with some corresponding alteration in the barbs on
each side, as may be seen by Comparing fig. a, representing the
upper surface of the fifth secondary of the male bird, with fig. d,
which gives a similar view of that of the female. In the sixth and
seventh secondaries of the male the terminal half of the rhachis is

12. CHIROXIPHIA. 307
thickened to an extraordinary degree, forming a solid horny lump.
The external and internal barbs are also much modified in shape
and generally curtailed in size. Fig. 5 gives an upper view of the
sixth, and fig. c an under view of the seventh secondary. The
corresponding feathers of the female, representing the normal
structure, are seen in fig. e and fig. f. In the eighth and ninth
secondaries the rhachis is still rather thickened; but the barbs
(pogonia), instead of being reduced in size, are highly developed,
particularly on the inner side. It was observed by Mr. Fraser that
the wing-bones of these birds are also much thickened, no doubt in
aid of this abnormal structure of the remiges.
a, b. 6 2 ad. Sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
(Types of the species.)
c, d. 3 ad. ; e. Q Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk.
f. 6 a.d. sk. Sical, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. & ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. & ad. sk. Ecuador. Gould Coll.
2. c ad, sk. Ecuador. Purchased.
j. 3 a.d. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.
12. CHIROXIPHIA. T
- ype.
Chiroxiphia, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 235 (1847) C. caudata.
Chiroprion, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 5 (1854). . . . . . . C. pareola.
Cercophaena, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 6 (1854). . . . . . C. linearis.
Chiroariphia is another little bright-plumaged group of six species,
all well distinguished, and ranging from Guatemala to S. Brazil and
the borders of La Plata. It is so called from the pointed ends and
thickened stems of the primaries in the males.
Key to the Species.
A. Tail square at end.
Crest red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, pareola, p. 307.
| Crest yellow . . . . . . . . . . ., a s a, e a • * * * * * * * * * s 2. regina, p. 308.
B. Middle rectrices lengthened. -
a. Body below black.
Middle rectrices shorter, pointed . . . . . . . . 3. lanceolata, p. 309.
| Middle rectrices long, lineiform . . . . . . . . 4, linearts, p. 309.
b. Body below blue . . . . . . . . . . . . .... • * * * * * * * * * * 5, caudata, p. 310.
1A Chiroxiphia pareola,
Pipra pareola, Linn. S. N. i. p. 339; Desm, Tang.pl., 50; Kittl.
Rupfert. d. Vög. p. 14, t. xviii. fig, 1 ; Maa. Beitr. iii. p. 418;
Waffl. Isis, 1830, p. 932; Sw, Orn. Dr. pl. 44; Bp. Consp. i.
. 172.
Mºº superbus, Pall. Spic. Zool. i. p. 8, pls, 3, 4.
Pipra superba, Gm. S. W. i. p. 999.
x 2
308
PIPRIDAE.
Chiroxiphia pareola, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 235; id, in
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 695; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 96; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 251; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 129; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55;
iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons), 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia);
Layard, Ibis, 1873,
p. 384 (Para); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 344
(Pernambuco); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 300 (British Guiana).
Chiroprion pareola, Bp. Consp. Vol. Amisod. p. 5.
Above and beneath black; mantle blue; large vertical crest
crimson ; beak black; feet yellow : whole length 4-6 inches, wing
2.8, tail 19. Female. Olive-green ; beneath paler, more yellowish.
Hah. Guiana, Lower Amazonia, Ecuador, Brazil, and Bolivia.
d'. & ad. sk.
British Guiana.
S. America.
S. America.
Cayenne.
Demerara.
Tobago (Kirk) (?).
Para (Layard).
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes).
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer).
IRio de
Novo Fribourgo,
Janeiro (Youds).
Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil
(Joyner).
Brazil.
Brazil.
Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia
(Buckley).
Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia
(Buckley).
Nairapi, Bolivia (Buckley).
2*Chiroxiphia regima.
Pipra regina, Natt. in Mus, Windob.
Chiroxiphia regina, Sclater, Ann. & Mag. Wat. Hist, ser. 2, xvii.
p. 469; id. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 266 (U. Amazon); id. Cat. A. B.
p. 251, pl.xx.; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 95; Pelz. Orm. Bras.
p. 129; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55; iid, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 283
(E. Peru).
R. Geogr. Soc. [P].
Purchased.
H. C. Rothery, Esq.
[P.]
Sclater Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Jardine Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Similar to C, pareola, but vertical crest yellow.
Hab. Upper Amazonia.
a. 6 ad. St.
b. 6 a.d. sk.
c. 6 a.d. sk.
d. 6 ad, sk.
Rio Javari.
Rio Javari.
Upper Amazons (Bates).
S. America.
Purchased,
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
12. CHIROXIPHIA. 309
3+ Chiroxiphia lanceolata.
Pipra melanocephala, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 389 (?); Bp. P. Z. S.
1837, p. 113.
Pipra. #. Hahn w. Küster, Vög. Lief. xvi. pl. 4.
Pipra lanceolata, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 931.
Pipra pareolides, d'Orb. et Lafº. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 165.
Chiroxiphia melanocephala, Bp. Consp. i. p. 172; Sclater, P. Z. S.
1855, p. 151 (Bogota), et 1856, p. 141 (Chiriqui).
Chiroxiphia lanceolata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 96; Sel. Cat
A. B. p. 251; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 362 (Panama), 1868,
pp. 168, 628 (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p. 55; Salv. P. Z. S.
1867, p. 150, et 1870, p. 200 (Veragua); Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 574 (Trinidad); Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1879, p. 202 (Colombia).
Above and beneath black; mantle blue; vertical crest Scarlet ;
two middle rectrices elongated and pointed; bill horn-colour; feet
yellow : whole length 4.5 inches, wing 2-7, tail 2. Female. Green;
beneath paler; under wing-coverts ashy white.
Hab. Veragua, Colombia, Venezuela, and Trinidad.
a. 6 ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. 3 ad. ; c. 3 Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ir. sk.
d. º, ad. sk. Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Arcé).
e. 3 a.d. sk. Chiriqui. Capt. Kellett & Lieut.
Wood [C].
f. 3 a.d. sk. Paraiso Station, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Hughes).
g, h. 3 Qad.; i. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
& jr. sk.
j. 6 i. sk Panama (MeDeannan). Sclater Coll.
%. 3 a.d.; l. 3 Manaure, Santa Marta, U.S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
jr. sk. (Simons).
m. G ad. Sk Colombia. Sclater Coll.
n. G ad. Sk Pilar, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin–Godman Coll.
o. 6 ad, sk San Esteban, Venezuela. Sclater Coll.
p. 6 jr. sk. Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. 6 a.d. sk Venezuela. Sclater Coll. §
r. 3 jr. sk Trinidad. Sclater Coll.
s, d ad. Sk Trinidad. Gould Coll.
4.-Chiroxiphia linearis.
Pipra linearis, Bp. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 113; Gould, Zool. Voy. Sulph,
B. p. 40, pl. 20.
Chiroxiphia linearis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 172; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 25.1;
Sel. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 124 (Central America); iid. Womencl.
p. 55; Saly. Ibis, 1860, p. 100, 1866, p. 203 (Guatemala), 1872,
p. 318 (Nicaragua); Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 95; Cab.
J. f. O. 1861, p. 252 (Costa Rica); Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix.
p. 116 (Costa Rica); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica);
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 66 (Costa Rica); Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M.
v. pp. 396, 500 (Costa Rica), et vi. p. 384 (Nicaragua).
310
PIPRIDAE. .
Pipra fastuosa, Less. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 174.
Cercophaena linearis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod, p. 6.
Above and beneath black; back exceptrump bright blue; vertical
crest scarlet; two central tail-feathers excessively elongated, linei-
form ; bill dark horn-colour; feet yellow ; whole length to end of
lateral tail-feathers 4-3 inches, wing 2-3, of central tail-feathers
from their bases 6-7. Female. Green, beneath paler; two central
tail-feathers slightly elongated.
Hab. Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
a. 6 a.d.; b. G.
ir. st.
C, } G 9 ad. sk.
e. 6 jr. sk.
f. 6 a.d. sk.
9. 3 jr. sk.
h, i. 3 9 a.d.; j—l.
y G jr. sk. y
ºn. Q ad. sk.
n. 3 ad. sk.
o. 6 ad. sk.
p. 3 ad. sk.
q. 6 a.d. sk.
r. 6 a.d. sk.
S. 6 a.d. sk.
t. 3 a.d.; w. 6 jr.
sk
Q). & ad. sk.
w. 6 a.d.; a. d.
jr. sk.
9, 2, 3 ad. sk.
a'. 6 a.d. sk.
Central America.
Volcan de Agua, above San
Diego (Salvin).
La Trinidad, Volcan de
Fuego (Salvin).
Medio Monte, Guatemala
(Salvin).
Medio Monte,
(Salvin).
Savana Grande, Guatemala
(Salvin).
Savana Grande, Guatemala
(Salvin).
Savana Grande, Guatemala
(Salvin).
Guatemala.
Guatemala
Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt).
Nicaragua.
Nicaragua.
Nicaragua,
Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica
(Arcé).
Dota, Costa Rica (Carmiol).
San Juan, Costa Rica.
(Frantzius).
Irazu district, Costa Rica
(Rogers).
Costa Rica (Van Patten).
5: Chiroxiphia caudata.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll,
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll,
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Pipra caudata, Shaw, Nat, Misc. v. pl. 153 (1794); Thunb. Mém.
Acad, Pétersb. 1822, pl. 7, fig, 1 ; Spiv, Av. Bras, ii. p. 5, pl. 6.
figs. 1, 2; Wagl, Isis, 1830, p. 980; Sw. Orn, Dr. pl. 45; Burm.
Syst. Ueb. ii. #. 441; Euler, J. f. O. 1867, p. 223 (nest).
Chiroxiphia cau
ata, Cab. Wiegm, Arch 1847, i. p. 235; Bp. Consp.
i. p. 171; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 251; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. i29; Sól.
et Salv. Womencl. p. 55; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 305 (Brazil);
White, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 608 (Arg, Rep.); Berl, et Jher. Zeitschr.
ges. Qrn. 1885, p. 138 (Rio Grande do Sul); Sol, et Huds. Arg.
Orn. i. p. 161.
Pipra longicauda, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xix. p. 163 (1817); d. Ene.
Méth, p. 888; Kittl. Kupfert, d. Vog. p. 14, pl. 18, fig. 2; Mac.
13. HELICURA. 311
Beitr. iii. p. 413; Bo. P. Z. S. 1837, p. 113; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii.
442
p. 442.
Chiroxiphia longicauda, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 695; Bp.
Consp. i. p. 171.
Above blue ; wings, nape, and sides of head black; cap bright
Scarlet; tail black, two central feathers elongated, bluish : beneath
blue ; throat black; bill and feet horn-colour: whole length 6
inches, wing 3-1, tail 2.5. Female. Green, beneath brighter.
Hab. Brazil, Paraguay, and northern frontier of Argentina.
a, b. 6 S2 ad. st. Brazil. Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.].
c. 3 ir, St. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
d. 6 jr. st. Brazil. Purchased,
e, d ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Salvin-Godman Coll.
Janeiro (Youds).
f, g. 6 Qad, sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
h. 6 a.d. sk. Santa Fé, Minas Geraes Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Rogers). -
i. 3 ad. ; j, k & Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
T. Sk.
l. . ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. Q ad.; n. 6 Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.
jr. sk. (Rogers).
0. Ó º ; p. 3 Brazil. Sclater Coll.
I’. SEC.
Q. . ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
7", 8. §2 ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P,],
t. §2 ad. sk. S. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
w. d, jr. sk. Misiones, Arg. Rep. (White). Sclater Coll.
18'HELICURA’.
Type.
Ilicura, Reichenb. Av. Syst. pl. lxiii. (1850) . . . . . . . . . . H. militaris.
Heilicura, Salvin, Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 320 (1882). . . . H. militaris.
The single Brazilian species which has been isolated under this
name is certainly very closely allied to Chiroariphia, and might
perhaps be united to it. But although the frontal feathers are
erect and stiffened, there is no vertical crest, and the outer primary
is more shortened.
1. Helicura militaris.
Pipra militaris, Shaw, Nat. Misc. xx, p. 849; Wagl. Isis, 1830,
p.931; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 441.
Chiroxiphia militaris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 235.
Ilicura militaris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 96; Sel. Cat. A. B.
p. 250; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 129; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 305
(Brazil); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 54.
Heilicura militaris, Salv. Cat, Strickſ. Coll. p. 320.
* Presumed derivation fiXtá and otpá (?).
312 IPIPRIDAE.
Pipra rubrifrons, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xix. p. 161; id. Enc. Méth.
. 388.
Piº oxyura, Nordm. in Erm. Reis. Atl. p. 12, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2.
Chiroxiphia oxyura, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, i. p. 235.
Above jet-black; erect frontal plumes and rump bright scarlet ;
secondaries externally bright green ; tail black; beneath white;
bill and feet pale brown : whole length 5 inches, wing 2-5, tail 25.
Female. Green, beneath paler; throat cinereous.
JHab. S.E. Brazil.
a. 6 ad. St. Brazil. Ld. Stuart de Rothesay
[P.].
b. 6 a.d. st. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
c. 2 ad. st. Erazil. Purchased.
d. & ad sk. Rio Janeiro, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, d ad, sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. 6 ad. sk. Santa Fé, Minas Geraes Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Rogers).
g. & jr. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
h, i. 6 Qad. sk. Brazil. Gould Coll.
j, k, d ?ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
14. CHIROMACHAERIS.
Type.
Chiromachaeris, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 235 (1847). C. manacus.
Manacus, Gray (ea Brisson), Cat. Gen. 1855, p. 55 . . . . C. manacus,
This little group consists of seven species, distributed over
America from Guatemala to S. Brazil. It is sufficiently charac-
terized by the peculiar modification of the primaries, which are much
attenuated in the barbs, and have the stems thickened and curved
inwards, and by the elongation of the throat-feathers.
Very little is known of the nesting of the Pipridae. But Salmon
has recorded that Chiromachaeris manacus “builds a shallow nest of
grasses suspended from the fork of a branch in low shrubs.” The
same collector obtained eggs of C. vitellina, which are figured
P. § 1879, pl. xlii. fig. 10. See also Euler, J. f. O. 1867,
p. 223.
Key to the Species.
A. Throat pure white :
belly white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. manacus, p. 313.
belly grey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. gutturosa, p. 314.
belly yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. candai, p. 314.
B. Throat faintly tinged with yellow . . . . . . . . . 4. flaveola, p. 315.
C. Throat yellow :
| throat pure yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. vitellina, p. 315.
throat orange-yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. aurantiaca, p. 316.
D. Throat black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. coronata, p. 316.
14. CHIROMACHAERIS. 313
1. Chiromachaeris manacus.
Pipra manacus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 340; Gm. S. N. i. p. 1002; Lath.
Ind. Orn. ii. p. 566; Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 264.
Manakin du Brazil, Daub. Pl. Enl. 302, fig. 1 (?).
Chiromachaeris manacus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch, 1847, i. p. 235; id.
&n Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 696; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 96;
Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 89, 279, 296 (Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B.
p. 252; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 130; Sel. et Salv. Womencl. p. 55; iid.
P. Z. S. 1866, p. 567 (Peru), 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons), p. 751
(E. Peru), p. 978 (Amazonia), 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru), 1879,
p. 517 (Antioquia); Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 87 (Trinidad); Finsch,
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 573 (Trinidad); Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 384 (Para);
Salv, et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 169 (Sta. Marta); Salv. Ibis, 1885,
p. 301 (Br. Guiana); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru); id.
Orn. Pér. ii. p. 349; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 559
(W. Ecuador).
Manacusedwardsii, Bp. Consp. i. p. 171; Sclat. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 151.
Pipra edwardsii, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 447.
Above, crown, interscapulium, wings, and tail black; rump
cinereous; broad band across the upper back and body beneath
white; flanks and crissum tinged with cinereous; bill black; feet
pale brown : whole length 4 inches, wing 2:1, tail 1-3. Female.
Green, beneath rather lighter.
Hab. Guiana, Amazonia, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and
Peru.
a. G ad. St. Pritish Guiana. R. Geogr. Soc. [P.].
b. 6 ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
e, d. 3 Q ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
e. 3 ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
f, g. 6 @ ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll
'h. 3 ad sk. Trinidad. J. Gould, Esq.
7. & ad. sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j, k, d ? ad. sk. Para (Layard). Tweeddale Coll.
l. 3 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m, n. 6 ad, sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o, p. 3 Q ad, sk. Nanegal, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
q, d ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
r. 6 a.d. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq.
8, t, d ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U.S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
w. 3 ad. ; v. Ö Minca, Santa Marta, U.S.C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
jr. sk. (Simons).
2. Chiromachaeris gutturosa.
Manakin a tête noire de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Eml, 303, fig. 1 (?).
Pipra manacus, var. 8, Gmel...S. N. i. p. 1002.
Pipra manacus, Mar. Beitr. iii. p. 432; Wagl, Isis, 1830, p. 939;
Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 26; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 446; Euler, J. f. O.
1867, p. 223 (mest).
314 PIPRIDAE.
Pipra gutturosa, Desm. Tang. pl. 58; Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xix. p. 161;
id. Enc. Méth. p. 387; Hahn w. Küster, Pög. Lief. xvi. pl. 5.
Manacus gutturosus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 171.
Chiromachaeris gutturosa, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 114 (Rio Napo);
id. Cat. A. B. p. 252; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 97; Pelz.
Orn. Bras. p. 130; d. Ibis, 1873, p. 114 (Brazil); Hamilton, Ibis,
1871, p. 305 (Brazil); Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55.
Above, crown, middle of back, wings, and tail black; rump cine-
reous; nuchal band white : beneath, throat white, abdomen cinereous;
bill black; feet pale brown : whole length 4:3 inches, wing 2, tail
1-3. Female. Green, beneath paler.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a, b. 6 a.d. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. & ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 6 a.d. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
e, f. 6 ad. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g, h. 3 9 a.d.; Brazil. Sclater Coll.
3. 6 jr. sk.
j. 6 ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin–Godman Coll.
k, l, d ad, sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
3+Chiromachaeris candaei.
Pipra candei, Parzud. Rev. Zool. 1841, p. 306; id. Mag. de Zool.
1843, Ois. pl. 45.
Manacus candei, Bp. Consp. i. p. 171; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 299;
Sclat. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 124.
Chiromachaeris candaei, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 97; Sel. Cat.
A. B. p. 252; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica); Sel, et
Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras); iid. Nomencl. p. 55;
Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 66 (Costa Rica).
Above, crown, narrow interscapulium, wings, and tail black;
broad band round the nape and upper wing-coverts white; rump
greenish yellow : beneath, throat and breast white; belly, flanks, and
crissum bright lemon-yellow ; bill black; feet yellowish : whole
length 4-2 inches, wing 2-2, tail 1:5. Female. Above green, rump
yellowish : beneath paler, middle of belly yellow.
Hab. Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.
a, b. 3 a.d.; c. 92 Honduras (Dyson). Purchased.
ad. St.
d, e. g. ; f. Q ad. Vera Paz, Guatemala (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.
SR.
g, h. 3 Q ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i,j. & Q ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
%. Q ad. sk. Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq.[P.].
l. 3 a.d. sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq.
m, 6 a.d. sk. Vicinity of Belize, Brit. Hon- Salvin-Godman Coll.
duras (Blancaneaua).
m, o. 6 @ ad. sk. Brit. Honduras (Blancaneaua). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. 3 a.d. sk. San Pedro, Honduras (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
14. CHIROMACHAERIS. 315
q, r, d ? ad, sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.
miol).
8, t, d ? ad, sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
w. & ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.
4. Chiromacharis flaveola.
Manacus flaveolus, Cass. Proc. Acad. Philad. 1851, p. 349; Selater,
P. Z. S. 1855, p. 151.
Pipra flavitingta, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1852, p. 34, pl. 48 (Bogota).
Chiromachaeris flaveola, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 97; Sel. Cat.
A. B. #: Sel. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 55; Berl. J. f. O. 1884,
(
p. 305 (Bucaramanga).
Similar to C. manacus, but the white faintly tinged with lemon-
yellow.
. Hab. Colombia.
a, d ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type
of Pipra flavo-tincta.)
b, c. 6 a.d. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq.
d, e. g. Q ad. Sk Bogota. Sclater Coll.
f, g, d ? ad. Sk, Bogota. Purchased.
h, i. 3 9 ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. 6 ad, sk. Bucaramanga, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.
(Minlos).
5.4 Chiromachaeris vitellina.
Pipra vitellina, Gould, P. Z. S. 1843, p. 103; id. in Zool. Voy. Sulph.,
B. p. 41, pl. 21; Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 69; Bp. Consp. i. p. 173.
Chiromachaeris vitellina, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 97; Sel. Cat.
A. B. p. 253; Sel. et Salv. Womencl. p. 55; iid P. Z. S. 1864,
p. 362 (Panama), et 1879, p. 517 (Antioquia).
Above, crown, broad interscapulium, wings, and tail black; rump
green; band round the nape and sides of head bright yellow ; beneath
yellowish green, throat and breast bright yellow; bill black, feet
yellowish : whole length 3-8 inches, wing 2:1, tail 1-3. Female.
Green, beneath lighter, tinged with yellow.
Hab. Nicaragua, Veragua, Panama, and Northern Colombia.
a. 6 ad. St. Nicaragua (Delaltre). E. Wilson, Esq.[P.].
b. 6 ad. St. Panama. - - J. Gould, Esq.
c. 3 ad. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. d ? ad. sk.
f, g. 69 ad. sk.
& d ? ad, sk.
J
k.
!
§
8.
d
sl
. c ad, sk.
m. G ad. sk.
ºn. Q ad, sk.
Paraiso Station, Panama
(Hughes).
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama (McLeannan).
IPanama (Delattre).
Panama.
Cauca, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Cauca, U. S. C. (Salmon).
Colombia,
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Q. Salvin, Esq. [P].
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
f
.
&
316 PIPRIDAE.
`-6+Chiromachaeris aurantiaca.
Chiromacharis aurantiaca, Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 200 (Veragua).
Above, crown, wings, tail, and narrow interscapulium black;
rump green; band round the nape and sides of head deep orange :
beneath yellow, throat and breast deep orange; bill black, feet
flesh-colour: whole length 3-5 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1-3. Female.
Green, beneath paler, belly yellow.
Hab. Veragua. gº
The narrowness of the black interscapulium, the orange tint of the
nape and throat, and the yellow belly at once distinguish this species
from C. vitellina.
a, b, d ? ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Types of the species.)
c. 3 ad. Sk. Mina de Chorcha, Chiriqui Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Arcé).
d. 6 a.d. sk. Chiriqui (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
e. 6 a.d. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
j, g, d ad, sk. Veragua (Arcé). O. Salvin, Esq, [P.].
~7.4 Chiromachaeris coronata.
Chiromachaeris coronata, Boucard, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 178, pl. xvii.
(Colombia).
Above black, nuchal band and sides of head bright yellow :
beneath grey, throat black: whole length 3-5 inches, wing 2-3,
tail 1.
Hab. Colombia.
Only known from the type specimen in M. Boucard's collection,
which is apparently a “Bogota 'skin.
Subfamily II. PTILOCHLORINAE.
In this section I place a small set of mostly dull-coloured birds,
which combine the foot-structure of the Piprida, with the bill
of the Tyrannidae. They range from Southern Mexico to S.E. Brazil.
Whether Heterocercus should be referred here is to say the least
uncertain.
Key to the Genera.
A. Rictus bristled: tail square or slightly
romnded.
a. Fourth remex in male attenuated. . . . . . 15. PTILoCHLoRIs, p. 317
15. PTILOCHLORIs. 317
b. Fourth remex not attenuated.
a'. Tarsus strong.
Bill longer; tarsus longer . . . . . . 16. HETEROPELMA, p. 318.
Bill shorter; tarsus shorter. . . . . . 17. SchIFFORNIs, p. 322.
b'. Tarsus feeble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18. NEOPELMA, p. 323.
B. Rictus smooth: tail graduated. . . . . . . . . . 19. HETERoCERCUs, p. 324.
15. PTILOCHLORIS.
Type.
Laniisoma, Swains. Faun. Bor-Am. ii. p. 492 (1831) ... P. squamata.
Ptilochloris, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 250 (1837) . . . . . . . . P. squamata.
This singular type is, I now think, on the whole best placed
here next to Heteropelma, with which it closely agrees in the
structure of the foot and bill. It is remarkable for having the
fourth primary attenuated and curved slightly outwards in the
male sex.
The very peculiar nestling of Ptilochloris has been described and
figured by Mr. Salvin and myself, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 158.
Key to the Species.
A. Head black; back green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. squamata, p. 317.
B. Head green, like the back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. buckleyi, p. 318.
1. Ptilochloris squamata.
Muscicapa squamata, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 814 (?), 1831.
Ptilochloris squamata, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 435; Cab. et Heim.
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 102; Telz. Orn. Bras. p. 126; Sel. Cat. A. B.
p. 246; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 57.
Lanius arcuatus, Geoffr. Mag. de Zool. 1833, Ois, pl. 12.
Laniisoma arcuatum, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 114.
Ptilochloris arcuatus, Lafr, Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 237, et 1847, p. 182;
Bp. Consp. i. p. 177.
Ptilochloris lunatus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 250.
Ptilochloris remigialis, Lafr, Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 237; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 177; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 436; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.
ii. p. 102; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 246; Sel, et Salv. Womencl. p. 57.
Above olive-green ; wings and tail blackish, edged with olive-
green ; cap black : beneath sulphur-yellow, breast and flanks lunu-
lated with black; fourth remex attenuated at the apex and slightly
bent outwards; bill above hazel-brown, below whitish ; feet plum-
beous; whole length 6-5 inches, wing 4, tail 2-6. Female similar,
but primaries not modified, head not so black, and whole body below
lunulated with black.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
It is possible that there may be a closely allied representative of
this form in Colombia, distinguished by its rather smaller size and
yellow breast. If this be so, the term remigialis of Lafresnaye
318 PIPRIDAE.
would probably be applicable to it. But I have not yet been able
to meet with specimens, the localities of which can be quite depended
upon.
a, b. i. ad. ; ? Rio Napo (?). Purchased.
T. S.U.
c. 9 a.d. st. Brazil. Sudbury Mus. [E.].
d, e. d ad.; f. 2 Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad, sk.
g. Q ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h, i. 6 a.d.; j. Q Brazil. Sclater Coll.
ad. sk.
k. 6 jr. sk. |Prazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. 3 ad. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
m. Q sk. Bogota (?). Purchased.
`2. Ptilochloris buckleyi,
Ptilochloris buckleyi, Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1880, p. 158, pl. xvi.
(Ecuador).
Above uniform dull olive-green; wings and tail blackish, edged
with olive-green; beneath yellow, with well-marked black lunu-
lations on the breast, upper belly, and flanks; bill horn-colour,
beneath pale; feet plumbeous: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 4,
tail 25.
Hab. Ecuador.
a. Ö jr. ; Pindo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b, c. Pull, sk. (Types of the species.)
16. HETEROPELMA.
Type.
Heteropelma, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4 (1854) . . . . H. turdinum.
Heteropelma, with its nine species, has a wide range from S.
Mexico to Brazil, being confined everywhere to the dense forests.
The first five species are all representative forms of one type, re-
markable for their nearly uniform brownish-olive coloration: the
sixth is also of uniform plumage, but with a predominance of green
and smaller in size. The last three mimic the Tyrannidae as regards
their half-concealed head-spot, but show the Piprine structure in
their feet.
Key to the Species.
A. Uniform olive : without a vertical spot.
a. Larger: plumage brownish olive.
a'. Beneath uniform brownish olive . . . . 1. turdinum, p. 319.
b'. Belly greyish.
a''. Bill broader.
Head more greenish . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, wallacii, p. 319.
| Head more brownish . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. amazonum, p. 320.
b". Bill narrower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. Stenorhynchum, p. 320.
c'. Belly greenish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, veræ-pacis, p. 320.
b. Smaller: plumage greenish olive. . . . . . . . 6. virescens, p. 321.
16. HETEROPELMA. 319
B. Not uniform olive: with a yellow vertical
Spot.
C. Bº whitish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . e e º e º 'º e º 'º e 7. flavicapillum, p. 321.
d. Belly yellowish :
- crest yellow. . . . . . . . . . . . . tº e º e e s e 8. chrysocephalum, p. 322.
{: Orange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, igniceps, p. 322.
1: Heteropelma turdinum.
Muscicapa turdina, Mar. Beitr. iii. p. 817.
Heteropelma turdinum, Sclater, P.Z. S. 1860, p. 467 (Brazil); id.
Cat. A. B. p. 244; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 124; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 55; Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 301.
Ptilochloris rufo-olivaceus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 238, et 1847,
p. 185; Bp. Consp. i. p. 177; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 436.
Heteropelma rufo-olivaceum, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 100.
Nearly uniform brownish olive; belly rather paler; under wing-
coverts greyish; bill and feet dark horn-colour: whole length 7 inches,
wing 3-7, tail 2-9. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
b, c, Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. Ad, St. Brazil. Purchased.
2.” Heteropelma wallacii. (Plate XX.)
Heteropelma wallacii, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 579, 595 (L.
Amazons), 1873, p. 283 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 55; Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 539 (C. Peru), 1877, p. 332 (Peru); id. Orn. Pér.
ii. p. 351.
Heteropelma amazonum (?), Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 301 (Brit. Guiana).
Brownish olive ; wings and tail more rufescent: beneath paler,
belly greyish ; under wing-coverts pale greyish; bill and feet horn-
colour: whole length 6-7 inches, wing 3-5, tail 25. Female similar.
Hab. Lower Amazonia and Guiana.
This species is rather smaller than H. twrdinum, and much paler
on the under surface. -
a. Q ad, sk. Para (Wallace). Sclater Coll.
e • (Type of the species.)
b, c. 3 Q ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
d. 3 ad, sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
e, f. 2 ad, sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
g. & ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
h. 6 ad, sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i,j. 6 2 ad, sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Sclater Coll.
320 PIPRIDAE.
3+Heteropelma amazonum.
Heteropelma amazonum, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 466 (Chamicuros);
id. Cat. A. B. p. 245; Pelz. Orm. Bras. p. 125; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871,
p. 334 (Colombia); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55; iid. P. Z. S.
1873, p. 186 (Peru); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru); id.
Orn. Pér. ii. p. 350.
Brownish olive; head strongly tinged with rufous : beneath
paler, greyish on the belly; bill and feet horn-colour: whole
length 6-5 inches, wing 3-3, tail 2-7.
Hab. Upper Amazonia. $ii.
The brownish head seems to distinguish this species from
H. wallacii. On the underparts they are nearly alike.
a. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
c, d. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illingworth). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].
g. Ad. sk. Chamicuros, Peru. Sclater Coll.
(Type of the species.)
h, i. Ad, sk. River Ucayali (Haua well). Gould Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Cosnipata, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. Ad, sk. Oyapoc (?). Sclater Coll.
4. Heteropelma stenorhynchum.
Heteropelma stenorhynchum, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 628,
632 (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p. 55. º
Above nearly uniform rufescent olive, rather brighter on the
head, wings, and tail : beneath paler, belly more cinereous, and with
very faint indications of transverse markings; bill much com-
pressed: whole length 6:8 inches, wing 3-6, tail 28.
Hab. Venezuela.
This is perhaps a somewhat doubtful species, but I cannot refer
the two specimens either to H. wallacii or H. amazonum.
a. Ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Ad, sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
(Types of the species.)
5:"1Heteropelma Vera-pacis.
Heteropelma veræ-pacis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 300,467 (Guatemala),
1862, p. 19 (Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 245; Sel, et Salv, Ibis,
1860, p. 400 (Guatemala); iid P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras);
id. Nomencl. p. 55; Lawr. Ann, Lyc, N. Y. ix. p. 116 (Costa
Rica); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica); "Salv. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 200 (Veragua), 1883, p. 424 (Panama).
Generally of a rich brownish olive-green; wings and tail more
rufescent ; belly greenish olive; bill and feet horn-colour: whole
length 6-3 inches, wing 3-4, tail 2-6. Female similar.
Bab. Central America, from S. Mexico down to Panama.
The olive-green belly seems to distinguish this northern form.
16. HETEROPELMA. 321
a. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Type of the species.)
b. 3 ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
J. Ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Tweeddale Coll.
g. Ad, sk. Yzabel, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. SP ad. sk. Walza, Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin–Godman Coll.
?, j, d ad. sk. Angostura, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.
miol).
%. 2 ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.
!, m. & ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n. Ad, sk. Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o. 3 a.d. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
p. 2 a.d. sk. Southern slope of Volc. of Chi- Salvin-Godman Coll.
riqui (Arcé).
q. ‘P ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
r. Ad. sk. Panama (Markham) (P). Salvin-Godman Coll.
6+Heteropelma wirescens.
Muscicapa virescens, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 802.
Ptilochloris virescens, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 238; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 177; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 436,
Heteropelma wirescens, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 467; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 245; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 124; Sol. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55;
Berl, et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 139 (Rio Gr. do Sul).
Pipra unicolor, Langsdorf et Ménétr. MSS.
Pipra galeata Q, Licht, Doubl. p. 29.
Gobe-mouche vert, Less. Tr. d’Orn. i. p. 391.
Heteropelma unicolor, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 100; Bp.
Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4.
Above and beneath uniform greenish olive; wings and tail brownish
olive; bill and feet horn-colour: whole length 6-3 inches, wing 3,
tail 2-8. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
The uniform olive-green of both surfaces at once distinguishes this
species.
a, b. 3 Q ad, sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
7AHeteropelma flavicapillum. (Plate XXI.)
Heteropelma flavicapillum, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 466, 467
(Brazil); id. Cat. A. B. p. 245; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 125; Sel, et
Salv, Nomencl. p. 55.
Above olive-green, wings and tail brown, edged with olive-green ;
large vertical spot yellow : beneath ashy white; under wing-coverts
and bend of wing pale lemon-yellow ; bill and feet dark brown :
whole length 6 inches, wing 3-1, tail 2-5.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
WOL., XIV.
322 PIPRIDAE.
a, b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Rio, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
f. Ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
8. Heteropelma chrysocephalum,
Heteropelma chrysocephalum, Pelz. Orn. Bras. pp. 125, 185; Scl. et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 55.
Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish brown, edged with
olive; large elongated vertical spot yellow: beneath pale yellowish,
throat more dusky; bill and feet pale brown: whole length 5
inches, wing 2-9, tail 2:3.
Hab. Interior of Brazil.
a. 6 ad. sk. Mato Grosso, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
w (Authentic specimen.)
9.4 Heteropelma igniceps. (Plate XXII.)
Heteropelma igniceps, Sol. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 750 (Oyapoc), et 1881,
p. 214 (Brit. Guiana); Scl. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 55; Salv. Ibis,
1885, p. 301 (Brit. Guiana).
Above olive-green; wings and tail brownish black, edged with
olive ; head tinged with cinereous; vertical spot bright yellow :
beneath, throat and breast cinereous, belly pale sulphur-yellow,
flanks olivaceous; bill horn-colour, beneath paler; feet cinereous:
whole length 5-2 inches, wing 2:8, tail 2:1. Female similar, but
crest not so bright.
Hab. Cayenne and Guiana.
a, b. Ad, sk. Oyopoc, Cayenne (Verdey). Sclater Coll. (Types
of the species.)
c. Ad, sk. Essequibo, Guiana (im Thurn). Sclater Coll.
d, e. d ? ad, sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
f—h. & ad. ; , J. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
$2 ad. sk. (Whitely). -
17: SCHIFFORNIs. Type
Schiffornis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4 (1854) . . . . . . . . . . S. major.
This form comes very close to Heteropelma, but is of a rufous
coloration, and may perhaps be distinguished by its smaller bill and
shorter tarsus. Two species from Amazonia and the interior of
Brazil are known.
18. NEOPELMA. 323
Key to the Species.
A. Larger; crown greyish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. major, p. 323.
B. Smaller; crown rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. rufa, p. 323.
1. Schiffornis major.
Schiffornis major, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4 (descr. nulla (); Des
Murs, in Casteln. Voy, Ois. p. 66, pl. 18. fig. 2; Hartl. J. f. O.
1857, p. 47; Sol, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 (Ucayali), 1873,
p. 284 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 55; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 352.
Above rufous; rump and tail brighter; head cinereous: beneath
bright rufous, throat and breast more dusky; bill black; feet brown :
whole length 6 inches, wing 3-4, tail 1:8. Female similar, but
rather smaller.
Hab. Cayenne and Amazonia.
a, b. 3 Q ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne (Verdey). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Nauta, Amazons. E. Bartlett [C.].
d, e. Q ad. sk. Samiria, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Haua well).
2. Schiffornis rufa.
Heteropelma rufum, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 124.
Schiffornis rufa, Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55.
Schiffornis minor, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4 (?)
Above clear ferruginous, tail rather brighter; wings blackish,
edged with ferruginous: beneath paler, belly rather brighter; bill
blackish ; feet brown : whole length 5:5 inches, wing 3, tail 2.
Female similar.
Hab. Amazonia.
a. Ad. sk. Rio Amajou, Rio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimen.)
T->~. 18/NEOPELMA, T
ype.
Neopelma, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 467 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. aurifrons.
This curious Brazilian form was originally associated with the
Tyrannidae, but, regard being had to its foot-structure, must go with
the Pipridae, in the vicinity of Heteropelma. From Heteropelma,
however, it deviates in its slender tarsi and more feeble bill, and
should therefore stand alone.
1. Neopelma aurifrons.
Muscicapa aurifrons, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 829.
Elainea aurifrons, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 701.
Euscarthmus aurifrons, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 489.
Heteropelma aurifrons, Sclat. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 467; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 245; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 125; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 55.
Muscicapa luteocephala, Lafr, Mag. de Zool. 1833, Ois, pl. 13.
Y 2
324 PIPRIDAE.
Above olive-green; wings and tail blackish brown, slightly edged
with olive-green; large vertical patch, occupying the bases of the
feathers, lemon-yellow : beneath paler, throat more cinereous, belly
more yellowish; bill and feet pale brown: whole length 5 inches,
wing 2-6, tail 22.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a, b. Ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Brazil. Purchased,
19. HETER0CERCUs.
Heterocercus, Sel. (ex Hartlaub MS.), Cat. A. B. p. 245 Type.
(1862) H. linteatus.
(".
\\\\"|
º | \|| //
| "
w f
- ||i)
\
Tail of Heterocercus limäeatus from beneath.
This is a very singular type, remarkable for the peculiar form of
the tail and the nearly smooth rictus. The foot-structure appears
to be Piprine, and I therefore place it here, but am not quite satis-
fied that it will always retain this position.
The three known species of Heterocercus are confined to the forests
of Amazonia.
Key to the Species.
A. Sides of head black; coronal patch scarlet... l. linteatus, p. 324.
B. Sides of head olive-green:
{: patch yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. flavºvertea, p. 325.
lcoronal patch orange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. aurantövertea, p. 325.
1. Heterocercus linteatus,
Elaenia linteata, Strickſ. Contº, Orn, 1850, p. 121, pl. 63 (3).
Heterocercus linteatus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 245; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
: 125; Sol...et Salo. Nomencl. p. 55; iid P.Z. S. 1873, p. 284
#. Peru); Tacz, Orn. Pér. ii. p. 351.
Above dull olive-green; wings and tail dark ashy, slightly edged

19. HETEROCERCUs. 325
with olive-green; cap and sides of head black, with a large central
patch of scarlet : beneath, throat white, pectoral band blackish ;
abdomen chestnut ; under wing-coverts and flanks dull cinereous;
bill black; feet brown ; whole length 5:5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2.
Hab. Upper Amazonia.
a. G ad. sk. Upper Amazons (Bates). Sclater Coll.
T2. Heterocercus flavivertex.
Elaenia linteata, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1850, p. 121, pl. 63 (2).
Heterocercus flavivertex, Pelz. Orn. Bras, pp. 125, 186; Scl. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 55.
Above olive-green ; coronal patch yellow ; ear-coverts blackish ;
wings and tail dark ashy, slightly edged with green: beneath, throat
white, abdomen chestnut, middle of belly and crissum paler; under
wing-coverts and flanks cinereous; bill blackish ; feet dark cinereous:
whole length 5:5 inches, wing 3:5, tail 2. Female. Above olive-
green; beneath lighter, throat cinereous, middle of belly ochraceous.
Hab. Upper Amazonia. 31,
a, b. 3 Q ad, sk. Rio Negro (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimens.)
c, d. 3 Q ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
e, f. 6 9 ad. sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Purchased.
g. & ad. Sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Salvin–Godman Coll.
h. 6 jr. sk. Chamicuros, Peruv. Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Bartlett).
7. 9 ad, sk. Chamicuros, Peruv. Amazons. E. Bartlett [P.].
~3. Heterocercus aurantiivertex. (Plate XXIII.)
Heterocercus aurantiivertex, Scl. et Salv, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 157
(Ecuador). -
Above olive-green, large coronal patch bright orange; wings and
tail blackish, slightly edged with olive-green: beneath fulvous, throat
white, flanks passing into olivaceous; bill horn-colour; feet pale
brown: whole length 4-5 inches, wing 3-4, tail 2.
Hab. Eastern Ecuador.
a. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
b, c. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Types of the species.)
326 COTINGII) AE.
Family IV. COTINGIDAE.
The Cotingidae are one of the great fruit-eating families of
Tropical America, and amongst the Passerine birds addicted to this
kind of diet are the most numerous and most important after the
Tanagridae. In plumage, structure, and size they are much varied.
Nothing can be more brilliant in colour than the typical Cotingas
and some allied forms, while the Lipaugi and others are of uniformly
dull plumage in both sexes. As regards structure, the second aborted
primary of the Tityrinae, the feet and crest of Rupicola, and the
wattles of Chasmorhynchus and Cephalopterus show such extraor-
dinary excesses of development as are almost unequalled in the
Passerine series. In size also, the discrepancy between Iodopleura
pipra, with a total length of 34 inches, and Pyroderus scutatus, with
a length of 18 inches, is certainly remarkable amongst members of
the same natural family.
Like the Tyrannidae the Cotingidae are dentirostral Oligophones,
and have ten well-formed primaries instead of nine, or nine and a
shortened outer primary, as is the case with the dentirostral Oscines.
They number about 110 species, and are distributed over tropical
America from Southern Mexico to the northern borders of the Ar-
gentine Republic. In this case, as in many other Neotropical groups
of Animals and Plants, there seem to be three districts which may
be called the principal “foci.” of their development, namely: Central
America (characterized by Carpodectes and the extraordinary species
of Chasmorhynchus and Cephalopterus), Guiana and Amazonia (the
home of Phoenicocercus, Rupicola, Querula, Gymnocephalus, and
Gymnoderus), and S.E. Brazil, where alone we find Tijuca, Phiba-
lura, and Calyptura.
Key to the Subfamilies.
A. Second primary of adult male excessively
abbreviated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. TITYRINAE, p. 327.
B. Second primary of male not abbreviated.
a. Smaller forms: bill turdime.
a'. Rictus bristled.
}; broader, slightly hooked . . . . 2, LIPAUGINAE, p. 348.
Bill compressed, much hooked .. 3. ATTILINAE, p. 358.
b'. Rictus smooth.
º very strong; gressorial. . . . 4. RUPICOLINAE, p. 366.
Tarsi moderate; arboreal . . . . . . 5. COTINGINAE, p. 371.
b. Large forms: bill corvine . . . . . . . . . . 6. GXMNODERINAE,
[p. 394.
TITYRINAE. 327
Subfamily I. TITYRINAE.
The Tityrinae have mostly a strong Shrike-like bill, with the tip
well incurved over the lower mandible, typical pycnaspidean tarsi,
and the toes but slightly connected. Their plumage is not generally
bright, but of blacks and whites and greys and olives, of different
hues, the males as a general rule being differently clad from the
females.
The special peculiarity of the Tityrinae is the remarkable abnor-
mality of the second external primary, which is shown in all the
genera of the subfamily, and is quite peculiar to this group.
- tº ſº. .. - - - - - - - -
…2× 22:22:22-25.2 . . . Tº
w - ºf . . . -
a. First primary of adult male of Tityra cayana.
b. Second primary of ditto.
(P. Z. S. 1857, p. 69.)
The area of distribution of the Tityrinae is nearly coextensive
with that of the family Cotingidae.
As regards the nesting of the Tityrinae, Gosse (Birds Jam. p. 187)
seems to be our only authority.
Key to the Genera.
A. Bill strong, compressed; rictus smooth;
second primary of male narrowed,
scimitar-shaped; sexes not very dis-
similar; plumage black and white ... 1. TITYRA, p. 328.
B. Bill not so strong, widened; rictus more
or less bristled; second primary of
male widened, pointed at end; sexes
(mostly) quite dissimilar. $
a. Largerforms: bill longer; males uni-
form grey or blackish : females
rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . a • * * * * * * * * * * 2. HADROSTOMUS, p. 333.
b. Smaller forms: bill shorter; males
more or less variegated; females
rufous or yellowish . . . . . ....... 3. PACHYREAMPHUS, p. 337.





328 (JOTINGIDAE.
1. TITYRA*.
Type.
Tityra, Vieillot, Anal. p. 39 (1816) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. cayana.
Psaris, Cuv, Rêgn. An. i. p. 340 (1817) . . . . . . . . . . T. cayana.
Erator, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 47 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. inquisitor.
Exetastus, Bp. Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 4, Zool. i. p. 134
(1854) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (No type given.)
Exetastes, Cab, et Heine, Mus, Hein. ii. p. 83 (1859). T. inquisitor.
The genus Tityra embraces the largest and strongest forms of this
subfamily, which are clad in black, white, and grey. The sexes are
not so conspicuously different as in the two following genera, but
usually well distinguished. There are only five species known,
which range from Southern Mexico down to Southern Brazil.
Rey to the Species.
A. Lores denuded.
a. Whole cap black; tail black: females striated.
Smaller: bill at base widely red . . . . 1. cayana, p. 328.
Larger: bill at base marrowly red. . . . 2, brasiliensis, p. 329.
b. Front of head black; nape white; tail white,
with a black band: female not striated . , 3. semifasciata, p. 330.
B. Lores feathered; cap black: female with rufous
eal"-COvertS.
Tail black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, inquisitor, p. 331.
Tail white, with a black band . . . . . . . . 5. albitorques, p. 332.
1: Tityra cayana.
Lanius cayanus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 137; Licht. Doubl. p. 50.
Pachyrhynchus melanocephalus, Hahn w. Küster, Vög. Lief. xiii.
1. 6 º
Tº: * Vieill, Enc. Méth. p. 859; id. Gal. Ois, i. p. 217, pl. 134.
Psaris cayanus, Less. Tr. d’Orn. i. p. 378; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 46.
Psaris naevius, Less, Tr. d’Orn, i. p. 379 (2).
Psaris virgata, H. Smith, in Griff. Anim. Kingd. vi. p. 488 (?).
Psaris cayanensis, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 255.
Psaris guianensis, Sw, An, in Menag. p. 286.
Tityra cayana, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 238; id. in Schomb.
Guian. iii. p. 697; Cab, et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 81; Bp. Consp.
i. p. 179; Sclat, P. Z. S. 1857, pp. 69,265; id. Cat. A. B. p. 238;
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 119; id. Ibis, 1873, p. 114; Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S.
1867, p. 578 (Lower Amazons), 1868, p. 168 (Venezuela), 1873,
p.284 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia); id. Nomencl. p. 56; Tacz.
Orn. Pér. ii. p. 354; Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 301 (Br, Guiana).
Clear greyish white : whole head above, wings, except outer
secondaries, and tail black; bill red, with a black tip; feet blackish:
whole length 7-7 inches, wing 4-6, tail 28. Female similar, but
back and breast more or less striped with long black shaft-stripes.
Young without the black head, and striped above and beneath.
* Refer also to:—
(1) Tityra (Erator) leucura, Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 120 (Brazil). -
(2) Evetastes albinuchus, Cab. et Heim. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 83 (Brazil).
1. TITYRA. 329
Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, Amazonia, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela,
and Trinidad.
a, d ad, ; b. 3 jr. British Guiana. R. Geogr. Soc. [P.].
St.
c. 3 a.d. St. S. America. J. Gould, Esq.
d. 9 a.d. st. S. America. Purchased.
e, f. 6 @ ad, sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
g. 6 a.d. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll.
h, i. 3 Q ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
j. & ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
J. 9 a.d. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
l, m. & 9 ad. ; n. Pará, Lower Amazons (Wal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
Jr. sk. lace).
o, p. 2 a.d. sk. R. Ucayali (Haua well). J. Gould, Esq.
q, r, d ? ad. sk. Yguitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
8, t. 6 S2 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
w. 9 a.d. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
v. 3 ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
w. 6 a.d. sk. Pilar, Venezuela (Goering), Salvin-Godman Coll.
a'. Q ad. sk. Trinidad, Sclater Coll.
24 Tityra brasiliensis.
Psaris brasiliensis, Sw, An. in Menag. p. 286; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851,
p. 46; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 457.
Tityra brasiliensis, Cab, Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 239; Cab. et
Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 82; By. Consp. i. p. 179; Sclater, P. Z. S.
1857, p. 70; id. Cat. A. B. p. 238; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 119; Sel.
et Salv. Nomencl. p. 56; Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr, ges. Orn. 1885,
p. 139 (Rio Gr, do Sul).
Psaris cayanus, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 301 (Bolivia).
Psaris maximus, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 46.
Caracterizado blanco cabos negros, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 176.
Similar in all respects to T. cayana, but rather larger, and with
the bill black except at the base: whole length 8:5 inches, wing 5-2,
tail 3:2.
Hab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, and Bolivia.
a. Q ad, sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin–Godman Coll.
b. ? ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin–Godman Coll.
c—e. Q ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Q ad. sk. Rio Janeiro. Purchased.
g. 3 ad, sk. Eng. do Gama, Mato Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Natterer).
h, i. 6 jr. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin–Godman Coll.
j. 3 ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
k, l. 3 Qad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll,
'm, Q ad, sk. Brazil. Salvin–Godman Coll.
m. Sº ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
330 COTINGID ZE.
3.*Tityra semifasciata.
Pachyrhynchus semifasciatus, Spia, Av. Bras, ii. p. 32, pl. 44, fig, 2
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 457.
Psaris semifasciatus, d'Orb. Voy., Ois, p. 301; Tsch, Faun. Per., Aves,
. 146.
Tiš. semifasciata, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 239; Cab, et
Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 83; Bp. Consp. i. p. 180; Sclater, P. Z. S.
1857, p. 70; id. Cat. A. B. p. 238; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 119; Sel.
et Salv. Nomencl. p. 56; iid, P. Z. S. 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia); Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 353.
Tityra personata, Jard, et Selb, Ill. Orn... i. pl. 24; Sclater, P. Z. S.
1857, p. 70, 1859, p. 56 (Belize), 1860, p. 295 (Esmeraldas), et
1864, p. 176 (Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 238; Sclat. et Salv, Ibis,
1859, p. 124; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 361 (Panama), 1870, p. 837
(Honduras), 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 517 (Antioquia);
ãd. Nomencl. p. 56; Cab. et Hein. Mus., Hein. ii. p. 83; Lawr.
Ann. Lye, N.Y. vii. p. 295 (Colombia), ix. pp. 116 (Costa Rica),
204 (N. Yucatan); Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 252 (Costa Rica); Salv.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149, et 1870, p. 199 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1872, p. 318
(Chontales); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica); Bouc.
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 65 (Costa Rica), et 1883, p. 448 (Yucatan);
Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 169 (Sta. Marta); Ridgw. P. U.S.
N. M. V. º 397, 500 (Costa Rica), vi. p. 393 (Nicaragua); Berl.
J. f. O. 1884, p. 305 (Bucaramanga).
Psaris mexicanus, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 41.
Psaris tityroides, Less. Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 210.
Tityra mexicana, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, pp. 141, 297.
Clear white with a slight greyish tinge ; front half of crown, sides
of head, chin, and wings, except outer Secondaries, black; tail white,
with a broad black Subapical band; bill with the basal half red,
apical half black; feet black: whole length 8:5 inches, wing 5,
tail 3. Female similar but not so bright, head brownish, back
tinged with brownish.
Hab. From Southern Mexico through Central and Southern
America down to Bolivia.
I do not now see my way to draw a line between T. personata and
T. semifusciata. In most northern specimens, however, there seems
to be usually not so much black on the front of the head.
a. G ad. ; : c. Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Q ad. sk.
d. Q ad, sk. Mexico. Purchased.
e, 3 ad. sk. Jalapa, S. Mexico (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. 3 ad. sk. Mexico. Sclater Coll.
g, h. 3 P ad. Northern Yucaton (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk.
7. 6 a.d. sk. Merida, Yucatan (Gaumer). Sclater Coll.
j, k, d ad. sk. Belize, Brit. Honduras (Blan- Salvin-Godman Coll.
...tº;
!, º 6 Q ad. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
S
72, 3. º O. G. Barranco Hondo, Guatemala (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
Jr. SK. Q)??? ).
p. 3 ad. sk. Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. 3 ad, sk. Guatemala (Finsch). Sclater Coll.
1. TITYRA. 331
r. 9 ad, sk. San Pedro, Honduras (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
8. & ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin–Godman Coll.
t. 3 ad, sk. Omatepec, Nicaragua (Nutting). R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
w. 3 ad. sk. Cache, Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin–Godman Coll.
v. 9 a.d. sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
w. 9 ad. sk. San José, Costa Rica (Frantzius). Salvin-Godman Coll.
a, ty. & Q ad. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
sk.
2. c ad, sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
a', b'. 3 ad. ; Lion Hill, Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c'. 9 ad. sk.
d'. 3 ad. sk. Isthmus of Panama (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
e'. & ad. sk. Minca, U. S. C. (Simons). Salvin–Godman Coll.
f". Q ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
g". G ad. sk. Santa Marta, Colombia. Sclater Coll.
h', d' ad. sk. Santa Marta, Colombia. Salvin–Godman Coll.
''. 3 a.d. sk. Venezuela (Dyson). Purchased,
j', k'. & Q ad. Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
sk
l. 3 ad, sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illingworth). Salvin-Godman Coll.
'm', d' ad, sk. Yauayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n', d' ad, sk. San José, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o', #. d Q ad. Yguitos, Up. Amazons (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
SEC.
q'. 3 ad, sk. River Ucayali (Hawa well). J. Gould, Esq.
7". Q ad. sk. Para. R. Graham, Esq.[P.].
s', t. 6 Qad.sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
*'. & ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.
v'. Q ad. sk. Cayenne (?). Sclater Coll.
4:i-Tityra inquisitor.
Lanius inquisitor, Licht. Doubl. p. 50.
Psaris erythrogenys, Selb, Zool. Journ. ii. p. 483; Sw. Nat. Libr.,
Flycatch. p. 82, pl. 3; Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 379 (2).
Psaris jardinii, Sw, Zool. Ill, ser. 2, vol. i. pl. 35.
Psaris mattererii, Sw. An in Menag, p. 286 (3 juv.).
Psaris selbii, Sw. An, in Menag. p. 286.
Psaris inquisitor, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 302; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 47;
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 456.
Tityra inquisitor, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 239; BP. Consp. i.
p. 180; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 51; id. Cat. A. B. p. 239; Pelz.
Orn. Bras. p. 120; Sel. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 56; iid, P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 617 (Bolivia).
Exetastes inquisitor, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 84.
Above greyish white; whole cap, including ear-coverts, wings
except outer Secondaries, and tail, except at the base, black :
beneath white; bill and feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 4-4,
tail 27. Female similar, but ear-coverts and front rufous, and back
more cinereous.
Hab. Cayenne, Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador.
a. Q ad, st. S. America. Purchased.
b. 6 a.d. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. .
c. 9 ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased.
onaiss!
COTINGII) AE,
5.4–Tityra albitorques.
d. & ad. sk Brazil. Sclater Coll.
e. 6 ad, sk Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. & ad. Sk Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Joyner).
g. Q ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq.
h. 6 ad, sk. Yauayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tityraalbitorques, Dubus, Bull. Acad. Bruin. xiv. pt. 2, p. 104 (1847);
d. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 244; Selater, P. Z. S. 1855, pp. 77, 150 (Bo-
gota), 1857, p. 71, 1859, pp. 56 (Belize) et 384 (Oaxaca); id. Cat.
A. B. p. 239; Sel. et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p.400 (Vera Paz); iid. P. Z. S.
1867, pp. 751, 757 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 517
(Antioquia); iid. Nomencl. p. 56; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. vii.
p. 295 (Colombia), viii. p. 182 (Nicaragua), ix. p. 116 (Costa Rica);
Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica); Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 120; Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1880, p. 169 (Sta. Marta); Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru); Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 559 (W. Ecuador).
Psaris fraserii, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 47, pls. 37 (6), 38 (?).
Tityra fraseri, Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 199 (Veragua); Sol. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras); iid. Nomencl. p. 56; Bouc.
P. Z. S. 1883, p. 449 (Yucatan).
Exetastes albitorques, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 84.
Tityra albitorques fraseri, Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. v. p. 397 (Costa
Rica).
Above greyish white; whole cap and wings except outer secon-
daries black; tail white, with a broad black subapical band: beneath
white; bill and feet black : whole length 7-5 inches, wing 4,
tail 2-5. Female similar, but front and sides of head rufous, and
body above brownish cinereous.
Hab. From Mexico southwards through Central America to
Bolivia and Inner Brazil.
I am not now able to distinguish a northern T. fraseri and a
southern T. albitorques, as I have sometimes thought possible.
Though there is much individual variation, the series seems complete
from north to south.
a. Q ad. sk.
b. 3 ad. sk.
c. 3 jr. sk.
d. & ad. sk.
e. 6 a.d. sk.
f, g, d ? ad.
sk
h. 3. ad, sk.
2, 6 ad. sk.
j. G ad. ; k.
Q ad, sk.
l. 3 ad.; m. Q
jr.'sk.
Oaxaca, Mexico (Boucard).
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Vera Paz, Guatemala.
Guatemala (Salvin).
Tiziman, Northern Yucatan (Gaw-
7776)").
British Honduras (Blancaneaua).
Guatemala (Salvin).
Bebedero, Nicoya, Costa Rica
(Arcé).
)
Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé).
Chiriqui (Arcé).
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
2. HADROSTOMUs. 333
n, o. 3 Qad.sk, Remedios, Antioquia, U.S.C. (Sal- Sclater Coll.
non),
19, § & Q ad. Bogota. Salvin–Godman Coll.
S}{.
r. & ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
s. 2 ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
t, w, & 9 a.d. Valencia, U.S. C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk.
w, w, 3 Q ad. Balzar Mts, Ecuador (Illingworth). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k
S}{.
a. 3 ad. sk. Chyavetas, Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
y. 6 a.d. sk. Mato Grosso, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
2. HADROSTOMUS #. Type
Hadrostomus, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 84 (1859) H. atricapillus.
Platypsaris, Bp. MS. (teste Gray) (cf. Sel. P. Z. S. 1857,
p. 74). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. aglaiae.
Hadrostomus is intermediate in form between Tityra and Pachy-
rhamphus. The males are mostly black or cinereous, the females
very different, of various shades of brown. The genus has nearly
the same distribution on the American continent as Tityra, and is
besides represented by a peculiar species in the Antilles.
Key to the Species.
A. Without a rosy pectoral band.
Lower surface dirty white. . . . . . . . . . . . 1. atricapillus, p. 333.
#: surface black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Riger, p. 334.
Lower surface grey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. homochrows, p. 334.
B. With a rosy pectoral band.
Lower surface white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. albiventris, p. 335.
Lower surface grey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5, aglaia, p. 335,
Lower surface blackish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. minor, p. 337.
1. Hadrostomus atricapillus.
Caracterizado canela y cabeza negra, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 182.
Tityra atricapilla, Vieill. Nouv. Dict, iii. p. 347 (1816); id. Enc.
Méth, p. 859.
Tityra rufa, Vieill, Nouv. Dict, iii. p. 347; id. Enc. Méth. p. 859.
Ianius validus, Licht, Dowbſ. p. 50.
º cimerascens, Spia, Av. Bras, ii. p. 34, pl. 46. fig. 1
G iuv.).
rºi. ºtus, Sw, Zool. Journ. ii. p. 355; id. Zool. III, ser, 2, vol. i.
1. 41.
Pºi. strigatus, Sw. An, in Menag, p. 287.
Pachyrhynchus megacephalus, Sw. An in Menag, p. 287.
Psaris affinis, Less. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 354.
Psaris validus, Hartl. Ind. Azar. p. 14; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 46.
* See also : —
~~(1) Hadrostomus audaw, Cab. J. f. Q. 1873, p. 68; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874,
p. 540 (C. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 356.
~ (2) Platypsaris insularis, Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 382 (Tres Marias Is.).
334 COTING|IDAE.
I’achyrhamphus validus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 240; B0.
Consp. i. p. 180; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 455; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857,
p. 72.
Hadrostomus atricapillus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 85; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 239; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 120; Sol. et Salv. Womencl. p. 56.
Above fuliginous grey; crown black; concealed patch on scapulars
white: beneath pale cinnamomeous white, under wing-coverts more
cinnamomeous; bill horn-colour; feet plumbeous: whole length
7 inches, wing 3-9, tail 27. Female. Above ferruginous red; cap
black; beneath pale cinnamomeous.
Pſab. S.E. Brazil.
a, Q ad. St. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
b. ? ad. St. South America. Purchased.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
d. 6 ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sudbury Museum.
e. P ad, sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brazil (Joyner).
Q ad. St. Brazil. JPurchased.
g, h. 3 SP ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
3. G ad, sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
2.*Hadrostomus niger.
Lanius niger, Gm. S. N. i. p. 301.
Pachyrhynchus aterrimus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 320.
Tiºutonº Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. pl. 63; Gosse, B. Jam.
. 187.
Pººmphus nigrescens, Cab. Weigm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 241;
Bp. Consp. i. p. 180.
Pachyrhamphus miger, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 72.
Platypsaris migra, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 77.
Hadrostomus niger, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 85; Sol. Cat. A. B.
p. 239; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 56.
Above glossy black, beneath sooty black; concealed patch at the
base of the scapulars white; bill and feet black: whole length
7 inches, wing 4-1, tail 3:2. Female. Above cinereous; cap, wings,
and tail rufescent : beneath pale cinereous white, throat tinged with
rufous; bill and feet black.
Hab. Jamaica.
a, b. c. 9 ad, sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Sclater Coll.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 9 a.d. sk. Jamaica (Gosse). Purchased.
e, d jr. sk. Spanish Town, Jamaica Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Marsh).
dº jr. sk. Jamaica (Bryant). Mr. Bryant [P].
g, h, d ? ad, sk. Jamaica. Purchased.
3.*Hadrostomus homochrous. (Plate XXIV.)
Pachyrhamphus homochrous, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 142, et 1860, p. 279
(Ecuador); Lawr. Ann. Lyo. N. Y. vii. p. 473.
2. HADROSTOMUS. 335
Hadrostomus homochrous, Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 240; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1879, p. 517 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl. p. 56; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1877,
p. 326 (Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 357; Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. v.
p. 397 (Costa Rica); Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador).
Above sooty black, darker on head; concealed patch at base of
scapulars white : beneath dark cinereous ; bill and feet black:
whole length 7 inches, wing 3-7, tail 2-9. Female. Above ferrugi-
nous red; beneath paler, in some specimens cinnamomeous white.
Hab. Ecuador, Colombia, and Peru.N. 2 ºt
a, b. 3 Q ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
(Types of the species.)
c. Q ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.J.
d. 6 ad, sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Q ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
f, g, d ? ad. sk. Babahoya, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].
h. 6 a.d. sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
6. S2 ad. sk. Monji, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
j. 9 a.d. sk. Balzar Nº. Ecuador (Illing- Salvin-Godman Coll.
worth).
k. Ó jr. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. 3 a.d. sk. Lechugal, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
m. Q ad. sk. Sta. Marta, U. S. C. (Joad). Sclater Coll.
n. Q ad. sk. Panama (?). Salvin-Godman Coll.
~4. Hadrostomus albiventris.
Hadrostomus albiventris, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. viii. p. 475 (W.
Mexico).
Platypsaris albiventris, Ridgw. Man. W. A. B. p. 325.
Above cinereous; wings and tail brownish black, edged with
cinereous: beneath white, breast rosy red ; bill and feet black:
whole length 6 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2-7. Female. Above cine-
reous, cap blackish ; nape, wings, and tail brownish: beneath pale
cinnamomeous white.
Plab. Western Mexico.
I have only seen one pair of this form, of which the male is not
adult. If the white underside is constant in birds from this locality,
the species may stand as distinct.
a. 6 jr. ; b. ? Presidio, Mexico (Forrer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad, sk.
5. Hadrostomus aglaiaº.
Pachyrhynchus aglaiae, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 98.
Psaris aglaiae, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 46.
Pachyrhamphus aglaiae, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 297, et 1857, p. 74;
Sel. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 124.
Platypsaris affinis, Elliot, Ibis, 1859, p. 394, pl. 13. . .
Hadrostomus aglaiae, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 85; Cab.
J. f. O. 1861, p. 252 (Costa Rica); Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 240; id.
P.Z. S. 1864, p. 176 (Mexico); Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. ix. pp. 116
(Costa Rica), 204 (N. Yucatan); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309
336
COTINGIDAE,
(Costa Rica); Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837 (Honduras); iid.
Nomencl. p. 56; Bouc, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 449 (Yucatan).
Platypsaris aglaiae, Ridgw. Man. W. A. B. p. 324.
Pachyrhamphus latirostris, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxviii. p. 658; id.
Not. Orn. p. 87; Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 74.
Hadrostomus latirostris, Scl. Cat. A. B.
p. 240.
Platypsaris latirostris, Ridgw. Man. N. A. B. p. 325.
Above cinereous; cap black; patch at the base of the scapulars
white : beneath paler cinereous; throat and chest bright rosy red;
bill and feet black; whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-6, tail 28.
Female. Above rufous; outer edges of wings and whole tail bright
ferruginous ; cap black: beneath pale cinnamomeous.
Hab. Central America from Southern Mexico to Nicaragua.
In some males of this species the rosy throat is evanescent and
the tinge barely perceptible.
On such a specimen was founded, as
I believe, Pachyrhamphus latirostris, Bp. There are similar speci-
mens from Vera Paz in the present series.
'm. Jr. sk.
m, o. 3 9 ad. sk.
p. 3. ad. ; q, r,
G jr. sk.
S. Q ad. sk.
t. §2 ad. ; v. 6
jr. sk.
v. 3 jr. sk.
w, ar. G. Pad, sk.
$y, 9 a.d. sk.
2, 6 a.d. sk.
Mexico.
Jalapa, Mexico.
Jalapa, Mexico (de Oea),
Tomala, Chiapas, Mexico
(Sumichrast).
Cacoprieto, Tehualutepec,
Mexico (Sumichrast).
Southern Mexico (Boucard).
Tizimin, Northern Yucatan
(Gaumer).
Northern Yucatan (Gaumer).
Merida, Yucatan (Gaumer).
Jolbox I., Yucatan (Gaumer).
Cozumel Island (Devis),
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin).
Vera Paz.
Retalhuleu, Guatemala.
Chisec, Guatemala.
Calderas, Volcan de Fuego,
Guatemala (Salvin).
Calderas, Volcan de Fuego,
Guatemala (Solvin).
Barranco Hondo, Volcan de
Fuego, Guatemala (Salvin).
Volcan de Fuego, Guatemala
(Salvin).
Guatemala (Salvin).
Central America (Delattre).
Nicaragua.
Nicaragua (Sallé).
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll,
Sclater Coll.
a'. 3 ad. Sk,
b'. 6 a.d. sk.
c'. 6 a.d. sk.
d'. 3 jr. sk.
e'. Q ad. sk.
Purchased.
Sclater Coll.
3. PACHYREIAMPHUs.
337
§ a
6.*Hadrostomus minor.
Querula minor, Less. Tr. d’Orn, i. p. 363,
Psaris roseicollis, Jard. et Selb. Ill. Orn. iv. pl. 28; d'Orb. et Lafr.
Syn. Av. i. p. 42; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 302.
Pachyrhynchus pectoralis, Sw. An in Menag. p. 288.
Pachyrhamphus pectoralis, Selater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 73.
Pachyrhamphus minor, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 241; Bp.
Consp. i. p. 180.
Psaris pectoralis, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 46.
Hadrostomus minor, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 85; Sel. Cat.
A. B. p. 240; Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 (R. Ucayali),
1867, p. 579 (L. Amazons), 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 617
(Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 56; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 120; Tacz.
P. Z. S.1882, p.23 (N.E. Peru); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 302 (Br. Guiana).
Pachyrhamphus roseicollis, Sel. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 73 (Bolivia) P
Above sooty-black, rather lighter on the rump, wings, and tail;
concealed spot at the base of the scapularies white : beneath dark
cinereous, with a rosy-red cervical band; blotch at the base of the
primaries inside white : bill and feet black ; whole length 6 inches,
wing 3-5, tail 2-6. Female. Above cinereous; rump, edges of wing-
feathers, and whole tail chestnut-red: beneath pale cinnamomeous.
Hab. Cayenne, Guiana, Amazonia, and Colombia.
a. G ad. St. S. America. Purchased.
b, c, d ? ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
d, e. dº jr. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
J. & ad. sk. Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
9. Q ad. sk. British Guiana. Salvin–Godman Coll.
h, i. 3 Q ad, sk.
Para, Lower Amazons (Wal-
lace).
Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. 9 ad, sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wal- Sclater Coll.
lace).
k. Q ad. sk. Chamicuros (Haua well). J. Gould, Esq.
l, Q ad. sk. Yguitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
m. Q ad. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [P.].
m. G ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o, d ad, sk. Samiria, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Haua well),
p. 3 a.d. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coil.
q, d ad. sk. South America. Sclater Coll.
3. PACHYREIAMPEIUS, Type,
Pachyrhynchus, Spia, Av. Bras. ii. p. 31 (1825) . . . . P. viridis.
Pachyrhamphus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 31 (1840). . . . P. viridis.
Chloropsaris, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 45 .
# tº e g a s tº gº tº & #
P. viridis.
Zetetes, Cab, et Heim. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 87 (1859) . . . . P. niger.
Bathmidurus, Cab, Wiegm, Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 243 (1847) P. atricapillus,
~ Callopsaris, Bp. Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 4, Zool. t. i. p. 134
(1854) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * a, s e s e e P. versicolor.
Under Pachyrhamphus I place all the smaller and weaker
WOL., XIV,
Ž
338
COTINGID ZE,
members of the Tityrine subfamily. The sexes are usually quite
different in plumage, but in two species (nos. 7 & 8) the male
appears to be always clad in female attire, and the sexes are there-
Pachyrhamphus extends all over tropical America from
South Mexico to Argentina.
The nests and eggs of two species of this genus have been described
fore alike.
by Euler (J. f. O. 1867, pp. 223, 224).
chocolate-brown, unspotted.
A. Lesser wing-coverts black in males, rufous in
Key to the Species.
females; head in males black.
, a. Back green.
Breast yellow
Breast greyish white
b. Back black.
Under surface with cross bars
- | Under surface white
B. Males above more or less cinereous with head
black :
Beneath white
Beneath cinereous
females all rufous.
C. Both sexes all rufous.
Nape uniform
Nape cinereous
D. Males black or cinereous, with broad white
ends to the rectrices: females olivaceous or
* * * * * * * * * * * *
tº e º e s e º e s e º ºr º e
& ſº e º e e
* * * * * g e º e º e º e º e s tº º e e º ºs
rufous, more or less yellowish beneath. ()
• ^ - ! . . . . . . . v
c. Crown and front black; no white lores. Aw & Cº" ºf , ºr * ~~
a'. Beneath black
b'. Beneath cinereous.
|
Smaller: clearer beneath
Larger: darker beneath. .
d. Crown black; narrow white front and lores.
c'. Larger : interscapulium black
d'. Smaller.
|
Interscapulium cinereous
e is tº e º a 9 tº
e is s e º a tº e
e cinereus, p. 341% , - t
. Spodiurus, p. 341. & ov
º 24
. cinnamomews, p. 342.9%
rufus, p. 848.7%, 4…,N.cº.
i.” " <! -
The eggs are of a uniform
viridi, p. 888. Sº
. griseigularis, p. 339. Ex-Gºv. “
. versicolor, p. 339.Coº ') * c .
4. Surinamws, p. 340. cº-
Áºw of WJ 0.
... ( .9 to ,
Aw," z
W
9,"niger, p. 343.
10, cinereiventris, p. 344S Awa,S sº
11. polychropterus, p.345. Yaº- }} |a ^,
', ,-- ...G.
- \ , , - ‘. -- - º
12. major, p. 346. Mºtº/ , ev. &
13, albogriseus, p. 347. }\| *Vºy
Interscapulium mixed with blackish 14. atricapillus, p. 347.
1st Pachyrhamphus viridis.
* . . . . - - ! …, \ w, . \ .
S. * Ax}_X. \\ . . " ... v . & 'Q ;4-w tºts
t
\;
Caracterizado verde corona negra, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 184.
Tityra viridis, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. iii. p. 348 (1816); id. Enc. Méth.
p. 860
Psaris cuvierii, Sw, Zool. Iºl. i. pl. xxxii.; Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 45.
Platyrhynchus dupontii, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 843.
Muscicapa nigriceps, Licht. Doubl. p. 56.
Pachyrhynchus cuvieri, Spia, Av. Bras. ii. p. 33, pl. xlv. fig. 2; Sw.
Nat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 85, pl. iv.
Muscipeta nigriceps, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 914 (6 et Q).
Tityra vieillotii, Jard, et Selb, Ill. Orn. i. pl.x, fig, 1 (Q).
Pº viridis, Sel. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 75; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 240;
ab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 56; Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 120;
Sel. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 56; Berl. J. f. O. 1873, p. 263 (S. Brazil);
Tacz, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540; id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 359; Berl, et Jher.
Zeitschr, ges. Orn. 1885, p. 44 (Rio Grande do Sul),
3. PACHYREIAMPHUS. 339
Pachyrhamphus cuvierii, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 242;
Bp. Consp. i. p. 180.
Pachyrhamphus nigriceps, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 454; Euler, J. f. O.
1867, p. 224 (nest).
Pachyrhamphus vieilloti, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 51 (2).
Above green, wings and tail blackish, edged with green ; crown
black; back of neck and sides of head grey; lores and front white:
beneath white; breast and under wing-coverts yellow ; bill and
feet dark plumbeous: whole length 5:5 inches, wing 2:8, tail 22.
Female similar, but crown green like the back, and lesser wing-
coverts bright rufous.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a, b. 6 S2 ad. St. Brazil. Purchased.
c. & ad. Sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Craven). Sclater Coll.
d, e. g. ad. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. 6. *::/ k. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
8.01. SR.
!. 3 a.d. sk. Bahia. Sudbury Mus. [E.].
m. G ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n. 6 jr. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
0, p. 6 º q, r. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
ad. sk.
24 Pachyrhamphus griseigularis.
Pachyrhamphus griseigularis, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p. 208, et
1884, p. 448 (Brit. Guiana); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 302, pl. viii.
(Brit. Guiana).
Above green; crown black; lores white ; wings black, secon-
daries slightly edged with greenish ; tail blackish, slightly edged
with green; beneath greyish white; sides of neck and flanks tinged
with green; under wing-coverts pale yellow ; bill and feet dark
plumbeous : whole length 5:5 inches, wing 3, tail 2-2. Female
similar, but head green like the back, and wing-coverts chestnut-
red.
Hab. British Guiana.
This is a very distinct species, allied to P. viridis, but distinguished
by its grey under surface and the want of the cinereous nape.
a, b. 3 Q ad, sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely). (Types of the species.)
3. Pachyrhamphus versicolor.
Vireo versicolor, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 289.
Pachyrhamphus squamatus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 291, et 1844,
46
Pºhamphus versicolor, Hartl. Verz. Mus. Brem. p. 51; Cab.
Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 243; Bp. Consp. i. p. 181 (6 et 9); Scl.
P. Z. S. 1855, p. 150, 1857, p. 76 (Bogota), et 1858, p. 71 (Rio Napo);
id. Cat. A. B. p. 243; Sel. et Salo. Nomencl. p. 56; iid P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 518 (Antioquia); Tacº. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540 (C. Peru), 1879,
p. 230 (N. Peru), et 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii.
a
- Z 2
340 - COTINGIDAE.
p. 366; Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 65 (Costa Rica); Berl, et Tacz.
P. Z. S. 1884, p. 298, et 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador). -
Psaris versicolor, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 45.
Psaris sulphureicollis, Licht. in Mus. Berol.
Callopsaris versicolor, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 89 (note).
Above black; lores and sides of head greenish; lower back
cinereous; wings black, coverts and secondaries edged with white;
tail grey, with slight white tips to the lateral feathers: beneath
white; throat and breast tinged with yellowish green, and covered
with numerous fine transverse bands of blackish, more or less distinct;
middle of belly paler; under wing-coverts and inner margins of
wing-feathers white; bill and feet dark plumbeous: whole length
5 inches, wing 2-6, tail 2:1. Female similar, but head plumbeous,
upper back greenish, wing-coverts and outer margins of wing-
feathers rufous, and body below more yellowish and less distinctly
barred.
JHab. Colombia and Ecuador.
This species stands alone in the genus in showing numerous
transverse bars on the lower surface.
a, b, d. 9 ad. St. Bogota. Purchased.
c, d. 3 ad.; e, f. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
SP ad. sk.
9, h. 3 9 ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
2. G ad. sk. Pogota. Purchased.
j. 6 ad. sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
k, l. 3 Q ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ºm. Ó ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
4× Pachyrhamphus surinamus.
Muscicapa Surinama, Linn. S. W. i. p. 325.
Tityra surinama, Strickl. Contr. Orn. 1848, p. 62, pl. xi. (6 ad.).
Psaris surinamus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 181,
Pachyrhamphus surinamus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 74; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 241; Sol. et Salv. Womencl. p. 56.
Zetetes surinamus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 88. -
Bathmidulus melanoleucus d (excl. syn.), Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847,
pt. i. p. 244 (?).
Pachyrhamphus dimidiatus, De Filippi, Cat. Mus. Mediol, p. 31.
Above shining black, with steel-bluish spots on the head; large
patch on the sides of the back, at the base of the scapularies, white:
beneath pure white ; under wing-coverts, inner margins of wing-
feathers, and tips of outer rectrices white; bill dark plumbeous;
feet black ; whole length 5-3 inches, wing 3-1, tail 23. Female.
Head and outer wing-margins dark ferruginous; upper back
cinereous ; lower back and whole under surface white.
Hab. Cayenne.
a, b. Q ad. St. Cayenne, Purchased.
c, d. 6 S2 ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater. Coll.
e., d ad, sk. Cayenne. Purchased.
3. PACHYREIAMPEIUs. 341
5*Pachyrhamphus cinereus.
Manakin cendré de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Enl. 687, fig. 1.
Pipra cinerea, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl. p. 43.
Pipra atricapilla, Gm. S. W. i. p. 1003.
Lanius mitratus, Licht. Doubl. p. 50.
Pachyrhynchus leucogaster, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 289.
Psaris atricapillus, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 45. – -
Pachyrhynchus simplex, Less. Echod. M. S. 1844, p. 231; Hartl. Rev.
Zool. 1846, p. 2.
Pachyrhamphus mitratus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 454,
Pachyrhamphus atricapillus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 242;
td. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 698; Bp. Consp. i. p. 181.
Pachyrhamphus cinereus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 75; id. Cat. A. B.
** Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 86; Lawr. Ann. Lyc. W.
. vii. p. 330 (Colombia); Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 361
(Panama), 1866, p. 190 (R. Ucayali), 1867, p. 579 (L. Amazons),
et 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru): id. Nomencl. p. 56; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 121; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 360.
Psaris parinus, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 48.
Pachyrhamphus griseus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 18 (Bogota).
Above cinereous; cap black; front and lores white; wings
blackish, secondaries and coverts edged with white ; tail dark grey
with slight white terminations: beneath white, sides greyish ; bill
dark plumbeous; feet blackish : whole length 47 inches, wing 2-7,
tail 19. Female. Above chestnut-red: beneath pale cinnamo-
meous; throat and middle of belly white.
Hab. Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower
Amazonia.
a, b. 3 ad. Sk,
c, d. 3 9 ad, sk.
Lion Hill, Panama (Me
Leannan).
Line of Tailway, Panama (Arcé).
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
e. Q ad. sk. Chepo, Panama (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f, d ad. sk. Panama (Hughes). Sclater Coll.
g. & ad. Sk, Santa Marta, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.
h. 6 ad. ; i. 3 Bogota. Sclater Coll.
jr. sk.
j. 3 ad, sk. Trinidad. Purchased.
k. & ad. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll.
l. 3 a.d. sk. Cayenne (Jelski). Salvin–Godman Coll.
on, n. 6 S2 ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
o. 9 ad, sk IParamaribo, Surinam. E. Bartlett [C].
p. 3 ad. sk. Para, Upper Amazons (Wallace). Sclater Coll.
q. 9 a.d. sk. Mexiana. Sclater Coll.
r. 6 ad. ; s, t. 9 Para. R. Graham, Esq.
ad. St. P.T.
w. 6 a.d. st. S. America. Purchased.
6.-Pachyrhamphus spodiurus. (Plate XXV.)
Pachyrhamphus spodiurus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 279,296 (Ecuador);
*d. Cat. A. B. p. 241; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 56; Tacz, Orn.
342 COTINGIT) AE.
Pér, ii. p. 362; Berl. et Tacz, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 559, et 1885, p. 93,
(Ecuador).
Pachyrhamphus sp. inc., Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23.
Above dark cinereous; head and upper back black; lores grey;
wings and tail blackish ; narrow edgings of wing-coverts, and most
of wing-feathers and extreme tips of tail-feathers whitish : beneath
paler, nearly uniform cinereous, lighter on the middle of the belly;
broad inner margins of wing-feathers white: whole length 5-5
inches, wing 3, tail 2:3. Female. Above dark chestnut-red; beneath
paler, more cinnamomeous.
Hab. Western Ecuador.
a, b. 3 Q ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types
of the species.)
c. 2 ad. Sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].
7: Pachyrhamphus cinnamomeus.
Pachyrhamphus cinnamomeus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. vii. p. 295
(Colombia), viii. p. 182 (Nicaragua), et ix. p. 116 (Costa Rica):
Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica); Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1879, p. 518 (Antioquia); Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 305 (Bucara-
manga); Ridgw. Man. W. A. B. p. 326.
Above chestnut-red; wings blackish, edged with chestnut ; tail
uniform chestnut: beneath pale cinnamomeous, whiter on the
throat and middle of the belly; bill and feet dark plumbeous: whole
length 6 inches, wing 3-2, tail 2-5. Female similar in plumage,
but second primary not abbreviated.
Hab. Central America, Colombia, and Ecuador.
In our remarks on this species (P. Z. S. 1879, p. 518), Mr. Salvin
and I have expressed the present state of our views upon the diffi-
cult question of the true status of these uniform red Bécards. The
positive solution of the problem must be left to observers in the
field.
a. 6 ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
b. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin Salvin-Godman Coll.
& Godm.).
d. 3 a.d. sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
e. P ad, sk. Angostura, Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Carmiol).
f, g. Ad. Sk, Tº Costa Rica Salvin-Godman Coll.
rcé).
h, i. 3 ad, ; j, k, 9 Lion Hill, Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad, sk. (McLeannan).
I, m. gºd. ; m, o. 2 Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
ad. Sk
p. 3 a.d. sk. Chepo, Isthmus of Panama Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Arcé).
q, r, d ? ad, sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U.S.C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
3. PACHYREIAMPHUs. 343
s, t. & Q ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, Sclater Coll.
U. S. C. (Salmon).
w. Ad. sk. Balzar Mts., Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Illingworth).
v, 30. Ó SP ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
ar. Ad. sk. Cauta, U. S. C. E. W. Wyatt [C].
gy, Jr. sk. Upper Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].
8.- Pachyrhamphus rufus.
Gobemouche roux de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Eml. 453, fig. 1 (?).
Muscicapa rufa, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl. p. 27.
Muscicapa rufescens, Gon. Syst. Nat. i. p. 932; Lath. Ind. Orn, i.
. 487.
Pºinemus rufescens, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 34, pl. 46. fig. 2.
Tityra castanea, Jard, et Selb, Ill. Orn. pl. x, fig. 2.
Muscipeta aurantia, Mac. Beitr. iii. p. 911 (6 et Q, descr. opt.).
Pachyrhynchus ruficeps, Sw. An. in Menag. p. 288.
Pachyrhamphus rufescens, Sel. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 79 (Brazil); Pelz.
Orn. Bras. p. 122; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 368.
Pachyrhamphus rufus, Berl. J. f. O. 1873, p. 264 (S. Brazil); Sel. et
Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 518.
Pachyrhamphus intermedius, Berl. Orn, Centralbl. 1879, p. 63; id.
J. f. O. 1879, p. 208 (Venezuela).
Above chestnut-brown; wings blackish, edged with chestnut-
brown; tail chestnut-brown; eye-region and broad line round the
nape cinereous: beneath pale cinnamomeous; under wing-coverts
and inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous; bill plumbeous;
feet dark brown: whole length 6 inches, wing 3, tail 2-7. Female
similar, but second primary not modified.
Hab. Brazil, Amazonia, and Venezuela.
Graf von Berlepsch has lately separated the Venezuelan form of
this species as P. intermedius; but I cannot find any differences
between Venezuelan and Brazilian specimens.
a. Ad. St. South America. Purchased.
b. ? ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Coll.
c, d. 9 ad. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. 6 @ ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
g. & ad. Sk, S. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
h, i. 3 Q ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
j, k, Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l, Q ad. sk. San Esteban, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Goering).
m. Sº ad, sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.
9: Pachyrhamphus niger.
Pachyrhynchus niger, Spia, Av. Bras. ii. p. 33, pl. 45, fig. 1; Sw, An.
in Menag. p. 290.
Pachyrhamphus niger, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 241; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 87
(Trinidad); Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 978 (Amazonia), 1873,
p. 284 (E. Peru): id. Nomencl. p. 56; §. et Godm. Ibis, 1880,
p. 169 (Sta. Marta); Tacz, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 23 (N.E. Peru); id,
Orn, Pér. ii. p. 363; Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 302 (Br. Guiana).
344 COTINGII) Aſº.
Psaris niger, Sw, Zool. Journ. ii. p 356; Bp. Consp. i. p. 181.
Bathmidurus niger, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 243; id, in
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 698.
Pachyrhamphus migriventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 76.
Zetetes niger, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 87.
Above sooty black, feathers of the crown shining black; wings
and tail dull black : both rows of wing-coverts edged with white,
forming two transverse bands; broad tips of outer tail-feathers
white : beneath sooty black, in some specimens with a cinereous
tinge ; bill and feet dark plumbeous: whole length 5:8 inches,
wing 3, tail 2:3. Female. Above greenish, with a cinnamomeous
tinge on the back; wings blackish, edged with cinnamomeous; tail
blackish, all the lateral rectrices broadly ended with clear cinna-
momeous: beneath pale yellowish green, bend of the wing and
inner margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous.
Hab. Amazonia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Guiana.
Spix gives no precise locality for his P. niger; but we may con-
jecture that his specimens were from Upper Amazonia. My descrip-
tions are from a pair obtained at Pebas, by Hauxwell, the male of
which is quite as black below as is represented in Spix's figure.
Venezuelan and Guianan specimens are rather more cinereous on
the belly, and betray a transition towards the next species.
a. Ad. St. South America. Purchased.
b. 3 ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
c. 6 a.d. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
d, e. g. ad. Sk, Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Q ad. sk. Valencia, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. 6 a.d. sk. Trinidad. Sclater Coll.
h. & ad. sk. Trinidad. Salvin-Godman Coll.
7, j. 6 ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Jº, l. 6 @ ad. sk. Brit. Guiana. Sclater Coll.
m. G ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
m. G ad. sk. Para. T. Graham, Esq.[P.].
o, p. 3 9 a.d.sk. Pebas, Peru (Haua well). Sclater Coll.
q, c ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Hauwwell). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. 6 a.d. sk. Nauta, Amazons (Haua well). Salvin–Godman Coll.
S. 6 ad. sk. Tio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll.
t; tı. * et & Rio Napo, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq.
Jr. Sk.
v, w, d ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
10: Pachyrhamphus cinereiventris.
Pachyrhamphus cinereiventris, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 242; Sel. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1864, p. 361 (Panama), 1879, p. 518 (Antioquia); Lawr.
Ann, Luc. N. Y. ix. p. 116 (Costa Rica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149,
et, 1870, p. 199 (Veragua); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa
Rica); Boucard, P.Z. S. 1878, p.65 (Costa Rica); Ridgw. P. U.S.
N. M. vi. . 385 (Nicaragua).
Pachyrhamphus dorsalis, Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 243.
Above black; feathers of head with shining steel-bluish shaft-
spots; rump cinercous; wings black, edged with white; tail black,
3. PACHYRHAMPHUs. 345
tipped with white: beneath cinereous; under wing-coverts and inner
margins of wing-feathers white; bill dark plumbeous; feet blackish:
whole length 5:5 inches, wing 2:8, tail 2-3. Female. Olivaceous,
Wings and tail bluish, edged and tipped with cinnamomeous; beneath
yellowish.
Hab. Central America and Colombia.
The type specimen of P. cinereiventris (p) is from Santa Marta,
and agrees well with specimens obtained by Simons in the same
district (n, 0). They have the belly slightly freckled with white.
In Bogota skins (on one of which the name P. dorsalis was based)
and in most of the Central-American specimens the belly is of a
clear cinereous, unfreckled. Some of the Panama skins are, how-
ever, intermediate.
I am not quite satisfied as to the distinctness of this form from
the Brazilian P. polychropterus.
a. 6 ad, sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b, c, d ? ad. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d, e. d ? ad. sk. Chiriqui (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
f. 6 ad. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
9, d ad. sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
h. & ad. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
?, j. 6 ad, sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
k, l, & ad. sk. Lion Hill, Panama (McLean- Salvin–Godman Coll.
man).
m. & ad. sk. Near Panama city (Rhoads). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n, 0. 6 ad. sk. Santa Marta, U.S.C. (Simons). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. 3 a.d. sk. Santa Marta, U. S. C. Sclater Coll. (Type
of P. cinereiventris.)
q, d ad. sk. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
r. & ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll. (Type
of P. dorsalis.)
s. 6 ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
t–v. Q ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
11: Pachyrhamphus polychropterus.
9 / Platyrhynchis polychropterus, Vieill, Nouv. Dictaxxvii. p. 10; d.
Enc. Méth. p. 835; Puch. Arch. Mus. Par. vii. p. 357.
Pachyrhynchus variegatus, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 31, pl. 43. fig. 2
(d. Jun.).
Miº splendens, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 906 (6 ad.).
Pachyrhynchus spixii, Sw, Am. in Menag, p. 289.
Bathmidurus variegatus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 244;
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 452.
Psaris marginatus tristis, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 48.
Pachyrhamphus polychropterus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 77 (S.E.
Brazil), et 1859, p. 56; id. Cat, A. B. p. 242; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 121; Sel. et Salv, Ibis, 1859, p. 124; did. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 579
§ Amazons); iid, Nomencl. p. 56; Durnf. Ibis, 1878, p. 61
(Buenos Ayres); Berl, et Jher. Zeitschr, ges. Orn. 1885, p. 140 (Rio
Gr, do Sul); Scl. et Hudson, Arg. Orm. i. p. 162.
Zetetes polychropterus, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 87.
*/
346 COTINGIDAE.
Larger than P. cinereiventris, and of a darker colour beneath :
whole length 6 inches, wing 3-1, tail 2-5. ,
Hab. Brazil and N. Argentina. 72 Ç, “ .
a, b, d ? ad. St. Brazil. IPurchased.
c. & ad. sk. Mexiana, Lower Amazons Sclater Coll.
(Wallace).
d. 6 a.d. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
e. 6 a.d. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
f. 6 a.d. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
g, h, 9 a.d. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin–Godman Coll.
7–k. SP ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
l. 3 ad, sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m, d ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin–Godman Coll.
Brazil (Joyner).
n. 3 a.d. sk. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Sclater Coll.
(Plant).
o, G ad, sk. Belgrano, Buenos Ayres. H. Durnford [C.].
12: Pachyrhamphus major.
Bathmidurus major, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 246; Cab. et
Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 89.
Psaris major, Bp. Consp. i. p. 181.
Psaris marginatus major, Kaup, P. Z. S. 1851, p. 48.
Pachyrhamphus marginatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1856, p. 298.
Pachyrhamphus major, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, pp. 78, 204 (Jalapa),
1858, p. 97 (S. Mexico), 1859, p. 366 (Jalapa), et 1864, p. 176
(Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 242; Scl. et Salv, Ibis, 1860, p. 36
(Coban): id. Nomencl. p. 56; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1883, p. 449
(Yucatan); Ridgw. Man. W. A. B. p. 326.
Above cinereous, crown and nape shining black, lores whitish,
middle of back more or less varied with black; wings black, broadly
edged with white, scapularies white; tail black, broadly tipped with
white: beneath pale cinereous white; under wing-coverts and inner .
margins of wing-feathers white; bill dark plumbeous; feet brown :
whole length 6 inches, wing 3-3, tail 2-6. Female. Above chestnut-
red, Crown black; wings and tail black, edged with rufous: beneath
pale yellowish white.
Flub. Mexico and Guatemala.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Near City of Mexico (White). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ð. 6 ad sk. Jalapa, Mexico (Höge). Salvin-Godman Coll
c. 92 ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. d ? ad. sk. Mexico (Sallé). Sclater Coll.
f. §2 ad. sk. Mexico. Purchased.
g, h. 3 Q ad. sk. Northern Yucatan (Gaumer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
i,j. 6 S2 ad. sk Choctum, Vera Paz. Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. 6 jr. sk Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. 3 jr. sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
7m. Q ad. sk. Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. G ad. sk. Medio Monte, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salvin).
3. PACHYREIAMPEIUs. 347
o. 9 a.d. sk. Calderas, Volcan de Fuego, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Guatemala (Salvin).
p. 2 ad. sk. Dueñas, Guatemala. Salvin-Godman Coll.
q, d jr. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll.
13. Pachyrhamphus albogriseus.
Pachyrhamphus albogriseus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 78; id. Cat.
A. B. p. 242; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 87 (Trinidad); Sel. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1868, p. 168(Venezuela); id. Womencl. p. 56; Salo. P. Z. S.
1870, p. 199 (Veragua); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 236, et 1880, p. 203
(N. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 361; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883,
p. 559, et 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador).
Bathmidurus albogriseus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 80.
Above cinereous, crown and nape shining black, lores white; wings
black, edged with white; tail black, broadly tipped with white:
beneath white, tinged with cinereous, under wing-coverts and inner
edges of wing-feathers white; bill dark plumbeous; feet dark brown :
whole length 5:5 inches, wing 3, tail 2:4. Female. Above dusky
olive, head darker, lores white; wings blackish, edged with yellowish
rufous : tail black, broadly tipped with pale ochraceous : beneath
pale grey-olive; middle of belly, crissum, and under wing-coverts
yellowish.
Hab. Nicaragua, Veragua, Colombia, Ecuador, and Venezuela.
This species is distinguishable from P. major by its smaller size,
cinereous back, and the different colour of the female, which has
the back olivaceous instead of chestnut-red.
a. SP ad. sk. Nicaragua (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll.
b. G. ad. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
c, d. 3 a.d. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. d jr. sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.
f, g, d ? ad, sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
(ºr: of the species.)
h, i. 2 ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq.
7. 9 ad. sk. Pallatanga,Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
k. & ad. sk. Jima, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. SP ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
14: Pachyrhamphus atricapillus.
Lanius atricapillus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 302.
Todus marginatus, Licht. Doubl. p. 51.
Muscipeta marginata, Maa. %. iii. p. 909.
Pachyrhynchus swainsonii, Jard, et Selb, Ill. Orn. ii. Add. no. 6
(1829); Sw. An in Menag. p. 288.
Pachyrhynchus albifrons, Sw. An in Menag. p. 289.
Pachyrhynchus marginatus, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 303, pl. 31.
Pachyrhamphus marginatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 77.
Bathmidurus marginatus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 451.
Bathmidurus atricapillus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 245; Cab.
et Hein. Mus. JHein. ii. p. 89.
348
COTINGIDAE,
Pachyrhamphus atricapillus, Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 242; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 121;
cl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 751 (E. Peru), p. 978 (Ama-
zonia), 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru), 1879, p. 617 (Bolivia); iid. Womencl.
p. 56; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 384 (Para); Forbes, Ibis, 1881, p. 344
(N.E. Brazil); Tacz. Orn, Pér. ii. p. 365; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 302
(Br. Guiana).
Above cinereous, middle of the back more or less stained with
black; cap shining black, front and lores white; wings black, edged
with white ; tail black, broadly tipped with white : beneath pale
whitish cinereous; under wing-coverts and inner margins of the
wing-feathers white; bill dark-plumbeous; feet dark brown: whole
length 5 inches, wing 28, tail 22, Female. Above dull olive, head
more or less rufescent; wings black, edged with rufous ; tail black,
broadly tipped with rufous : beneath yellowish.
Bab. Guiana, Amazonia, and Brazil.
My description is based upon Brazilian skins, from which Guianan
specimens do not materially differ, except in the rather smaller size.
Whether the Venezuelan specimens (a, b) and some others of the
series can be correctly referred here is, I confess, a matter of some
doubt.
ca. 3 ad. sk.
; : b. 3 jr. sk.
!. c. 2 ad. sk.
º s d. 3 a.d. sk.
e. d ad, ; f. 6 jr.
: k
t
J SIX.
s J g, h. 3 9 ad, sk.
\ , j. 6 S2 ad. sk.
i
\
; K. 6 a.d. sk.
i l. 6 a.d. sk.
ad. sk.
sº \p. d ad. sk.
...]
ſq. d jr. sk.
, \, r. G ad. sk.
§ 2 s. 2 ad. sk.
y^* t. 3 ad. sk.
* u, & ad. sk.
~ v. & ad. sk.
* -
4
| m, n, d ad, ; o. 2
San Esteban, Venezuela (Goe-
ring).
Caracas, Venezuela (Goering).
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Camacusa, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Oyapoc, Cayenne.
Oyapoc, Cayenne.
Peruvian Amazons.
Chamicuros, Upper Amazons.
Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Rio Napo,
Bahia, Bºil.
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer).
Bahia, Brazil.
S.E. Brazil.
Brazil.
Brazil.
Much more study of this difficult group is necessary before
it can be considered that the species are satisfactorily made out.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Sclater Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sudbury Mus. [E.].
Sclater Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Sclater Coll.
Subfamily II. LIPAUGINAE.
The Lipauginoe are a small group of birds intermediate in some
respects between the Pipridae and the Cotingidae, but best placed,
perhaps, within the limits of the latter family.
The foot-structure
in some cases (Aulia) comes very near to that of the Pipridae, in
others assimilates to that of the typical Cotingidae. In general the
– 5 &vrºvº-

4. CHIROCYLLA. 349
colours of the Lipauginae are, as their name indicates, dull and
unattractive, but the newly discovered Lathria streptophora is a
brilliant exception to this rule. The area of distribution of the
Lipauginae extends from Southern Mexico to Bolivia and South
Brazil.
Key to the Genera.
A. Primaries of male abnormally reduced . . . . 4. CHIROCYLLA, p. 349.
B. Primaries normal.
a. Back of tarsus smooth; rictus feebly bristled.
a'. External toes united at the base . . . . . . 5. LATHRIA, p. 350.
b'. External toes united to the end of the
second phalanx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. AULIA, p. 354.
b. Back of tarsus rough; rictus much bristled;
tarsi more feeble, and external toes united
at the base only . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. LIPAUGUS, p. 356.
`-4. CHIROCYLLA. T
ype.
Chirocylla, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 357 . . . . . . . . C. uropygialis.
ſ
f :
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Wing-end of Chirocylla from beneath. (P. Z. S. 187 6. p. 356.)
The very singular structure of the reduced and twisted primaries















350 COTINGID ZE.
in the male sufficiently characterizes this singular form from
Ecuador.
T 1. Chirocylla uropygialis.
Lathria uropygialis, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 355, pl. xxxii., et
1879, p. 617 (Bolivia).
Above dark cinereous, rump dark chestnut-red : beneath paler,
flanks and crissum dark chestnut-red; bill horn-colour; feet black:
whole length 10:5 inches, wing 5-5, tail 5-6. Female similar in
colour, but wings less modified.
Hab. Ecuador.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Sclater Coll.
(Buckley).
b, c, d ? ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin-Godman Coll. -
(Buckley). |
d. 6 a.d. sk. Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll. J
(Types of the species.)
5. LATHRIA. T
ype.
Lathria, Swains. Class. B. ii. p. 255 (1837) . . . . . . . . . . L. cinerea.

The eight species of this genus are spread over the same area as
the subfamily, but only one of them occurs north of Panama. They
fall into three categories as regards general coloration—cinereous,
rufous, and green. Except in L. Streptophora, the sexes are nearly
alike.
Key to the Species.
A. General plumage cinereous; no bright neck-
collar.
a. Size large, wing more than 6 in. . . . . . . . . 1. fuscocinerea, p. 350.
b. Size moderate, wing less than 6 in.
a'. Wings and tail washed with rufous . . . . 2, virussu, p. 351.
b'. Wings and tail cinereous.
Larger: belly lighter . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. plumbea, p. 351.
* Smaller : belly darker . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. cinerea, p. 352.
B. General plumage cinereous; male with a
bright pink neck-collar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Steptophora, p. 352.
C. General plumage rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. unirufa, p. 353.
D. General plumage green; axillaries bright
yellow :
| head-spot black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. subalaris, p. 353.
head-spot chestnut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, cryptolopha, p. 354.
1." Lathria fuscocinerea.
Querula fuscocinerea, Lafr, Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 291.
Lipaugus fuscocinereus, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 3; BP. Consp. i.
p. 179; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 153 (Bogota), 1858, p. 71 (Rio
Napo), et 1861, p. 210 (Colombia); id. Cat. A. B. p. 243; Sol.
et Salv, Ev. Orn. p. 6.
5. LATHRIA. 351
Lathria fuscocinerea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 101; Sel. et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 56; iid P. Z. S. 1879, p. 518 (Antioquia); Berl.
J. f. O. 1884, p. 306 (Bucaramanga).
Above cinereous; wings and tail darker : beneath rather paler;
crissum washed with rufous : whole length 12-5 inches, wing 6-8,
tail 6. Female similar.
Płab. Colombia and Ecuador.
a. Ad. St. Colombia. Purchased.
b. Ad. sk. Colombia. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 92 ad, sk. Alegria, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
e, f. Ad, sk. Baisa, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
~ 2.4-Lathria wirussu.
Lipaugus virussu, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 122.
Lathria virussu, Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 90.
Lipaugus plumbeus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 210; id. Cat. A. B. p. 243;
Sol. et Salv. Ea. Orn. p. 6.
Lathria plumbea, Sel. & Salv. Nomencl. p. 56.
Above cinereous; wings and tail darker, tinged with rufous :
beneath paler; belly and crissum tinged with rufous; bill blackish ;
feet dark brown : whole length 10-5 inches, wing 5-4, tail 4:6.
Female similar.
Plab. S.E. Brazil.
I have formerly considered this bird to be the true L. plumbea,
but Lichtenstein's description appears to be intended for the next
species, as v. Pelzeln has pointed out.
a. Ad. St. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
b. Ad. St. Brazil. Purchased.
c. d ad, sk. Matto-dentro, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. (Au-
thentic specimen.)
d. 6 a.d. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Brazil (Joyner).
e. Ad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Tropical America. Sclater Coll.
3. *Lathria plumbea.
Muscicapa plumbea, Licht. Doubl. p. 53; Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 806.
Muscicapa vociferans, Maw. Reise m. Brasil. i. p. 242, et ii. p. 118.
Lipaugus cineraceus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 421.
Lathria plumbea, Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 618 (Bolivia).
Above cinereous; wings and tail blackish cinereous: beneath
paler, much lighter on the belly ; bill and feet blackish : whole
length 9-5 inches, wing 4.9, tail 4:4. Female similar 2
FIab. S.E. Brazil.
I am a little doubtful about the distinctness of this and the next
Species.
352 COTINGIDAE.
a. Ad. St. Brazil. - J. Gould, Esq.
b–d. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Gaunai, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
4+Lathria cinerea,
Le Cotinga cendré, Le Vaill. Ois. Amér. et Ind. p. 98, pl. 44.
Ampelis cinerea,Vieill. Nouv. Dict. viii. p. 162 Öğ.
Ampelis cineracéa, Vieill, Enc. Méth. p. 761. -
Lathria cinerea, Sw, Wat. Libr., Flycatch. p. 78, pl. 2; Salv. Cat.
Strickl. Coll. p. 325; id. Ibis, 1885, p. 302 (Br. Guiana),
Lipaugus cineraceus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 234; d. in
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 693; Solater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 210; id. Cat.
A. B. p. 243; Sol. et Salv, Er, Orm. p. 6; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 579
(L. Amazons), et 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru).
Lathria cineracea, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 100; Sel. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 56; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 368.
Lipaugus plumbeus, Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 122 (?).
Above cinereous; wings and tail dark cinereous : beneath paler;
bill and feet blackish: whole length 9 inches, wing 4.7, tail 4.
Female similar, but wing-coverts and outer secondaries stained with
rufous. . -
Hab. Cayenne, Guiana, and Amazonia.
a. & ad.; b, c, Q Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. (Whitely).
d. 9 a.d. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
- (Whitely). -
e. G ad, sk. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
f, g. 6 Q ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
h. Ad. sk. British Guiana. R. Geogr. Soc. [P.].
7. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
j. 6 a.d. sk. Mº River, Surinam (Kap- Salvin-Godman Coll.
pter).
k, l. Ad. sk. 1: Amazons (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. Ad, sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wal- Sclater Coll. -
lace).
n. Ad, sk. Peruvian Amazons. Sclater Coll.
o, p. Ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
`5.*Lathria streptophora.
Lathria streptophora, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 448, pl. xiv.;
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 303, et 1886, p. 502 (Br. Guiana).
Clear cinereous, paler beneath; a broad bar across the throat,
which is carried round the neck in a narrow collar, and the crissum
bright rosy pink: whole length 8:5 inches, wing 4.9, tail 3-7.
Female similar, but without the pink collar, and with the crissum
rufous. .
Hab. Interior of British Guiana.
5. LATHRIA. 353
a, b. 3 a.d. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely). (Types of the species.)
c. & ad.; d, e. Q Twek-quey mt, Carimang r., Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. Brit. Guiana (Whitely).
6.4 Lathria unirufa.
Lipaugus unirufus, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 385 (Oaxaca), 1861, p. 211;
id. Cat, A. B. p. 244; Sel. et Salv. Ibis, 1860, p. 36; iid. Ev. Orn.
pp. 1, 6, pl. i.; iid. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 361 (Panama), 1867, p. 279
(Mosquitia); Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. vii. p. 330 (Panama); Salv.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149, et 1870, p. 199 (Veragua); id. Ibis, 1872,
p. 318 (Nicaragua).
Lathria unirufa, Scl. et Salv. Womencl. p. 56; iid, P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 518 (Antioquia); Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 404 (Nicaragua).
Nearly uniform clear brown, rather paler beneath; bill pale
horn-colour; feet blackish: whole length 9-7 inches, wing 5:4,
tail 4:3. Female similar.
Hab. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Northern
Colombia.
a. Ad. sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [C.].
b, e. Ad, sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin–Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq.
g. Ad. sk. British Honduras (Blancameaua). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Ad. sk. Chontales, Nicaragua (Belt). Salvin–Godman Coll.
?, j. 6 a.d. sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. Q ad. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
l. 3 ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m. Ad. sk. Chepo, Panama (Arcé). Salvin-6 odman Coll.
n. Q ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o. 3 ad. sk. Nichi, Antioquia, U. S.C. (Salmon), Salvin-Godman Coll.
—7. Hathria subalaris,
Lipaugus subalaris, Scl, P. Z. S. 1861, pp. 210,211 (Ecuador),
Lathria subalaris, Scl. et Salv. Ea'. Orn. p. 3, pl. ii.
Olive-green, wings dark cinereous edged with green; tail cine-
reous; large crown-spot black: beneath paler, with slight yellowish
shaft-spots on the breast; on belly, crissum, and flanks passing into
cinereous; under wing-coverts bright yellow ; bill and feet cine-
reous: whole length 8:5 inches, wing 5-2, tail 4'6, Female similar,
but black head-spot absent or barely shown.
Hab. Eastern Ecuador.
a. Ad. Sk, Rio Napo, J. Gould, Esq.
(Type of the species.)
b, c. 3 ad.; d. Q Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. Sk,
e, f. 6 Q ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
3. Q ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Sclater Coll,
WOL. XIV. 2 A
354 COTING|IDAE.
~8. Lathria cryptolopha.
Lathria cryptolopha, Sol, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 522 (Ecuador).
Above deep olive-green; small crown-spot dark chestnut-red;
wings and tail ashy brown edged with olive-green: beneath more
yellowish, brighter in the middle of the belly; under wing-coverts
bright yellow; inner margins of wing-feathers fulvous; bill black;
feet dark plumbeous: whole length 9 inches, wing 4-6, tail 4'2.
Hab. Eastern Ecuador.
a. Ad. sk. Mongi, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Type of the species.)
6. AULIA. T
ype.
Laniocera, Less. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 353 (?) . . . . . . A. hypopyrrha (?).
Aulia, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 4 (1854) . . . . . . A. hypopyrrha.
Lathriosoma, Bp. MS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. rufescens.
These two birds are remarkable for the irregular spotting of the
lower plumage which prevails in the male sex. One of them ranges
over Amazonia, Guiana, and Brazil; the other seems to be restricted
to the Panamanic Isthmus and the adjoining parts of Colombia.
A.
Key to the Species.
A. General plumage cinereous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. hypopyrrha, p. 354.
B. General plumage rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. rufescens, p. 355.
1. Aulia hypopyrrha.
Ampelis hypopyrrha, Vieill. Nouv. Dict, viii. p. 164; id. Enc. Méth.
p. 762.
Lipaugus hypopyrrhus, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 3; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 179; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1861, p. 211; id. Cat. A. B. p. 244.
Pºis hypopyrrhus, Lafr, Rev. Zool. 1846, pp. 43,239, et 1847,
p. 169.
Laniocera hypopyrrha, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 112.
Aulia hypopyrrha, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. p. 101; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 123; Sol. et Salv. Ea. Orn. p. 6; iid. Womencl. p. 57; Salv, Ibis,
1885, p. 303 (Br, Guiana).
Muscicapa sibilatrix, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 810.
Lipaugus sibilatrix, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 422.
Laniocera sanguinaria, Less. Rep. Zool. 1840, p. 353 (jr.).
Lipaugus lateralis, Gray et Mitch. Gen. B. i. pl. 66; Sol. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1867, pp. 751, 757, et 1873, p. 285 (E. Peru).
Aulia lateralis, Sel. et Salv. Ev. Orn. p. 6; iid. Nomencl. p. 57;
Pelz. Orn. Bras, p. 124; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 369.
Above cinereous; wings blackish, edged with cinereous; wing-
coverts, and outer secondaries terminated by a clear ochraceous
Spot, which is in many cases bordered above and below by a black
6. AULIA. 355
edging; tail dark cinereous, tipped with pale rufous: beneath paler
cinereous, middle of belly ornamented by bright rufous feathers,
which are tipped with black spots; crissum pale reddish ochraceous,
with slight occasional black spots; patch on each side of breast
reddish ochraceous or yellow, with similar occasional black spots;
under wing-coverts white, faintly barred with blackish ; bill and
feet blackish brown: whole length 8:5 inches, wing 4-3, tail 3:5.
Female similar, but without any black spots below; patch on sides
of breast yellow or ochraceous.
Hab. Cayenne, Guiana, Amazonia, Ecuador, and S.E. Brazil.
I was formerly of opinion that the Guianan and S.E. Brazilian
forms of this species might be distinct. But with the present
series before me, I can find no evidence of this being the case.
Fully plumaged males from these different localities present no
material differences. The side-patches vary from yellow to ochra-
ceous red in specimens from both localities.
a, b. 3 SP ad. st. Brazil. Purchased.
c—e. Q ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f, g. 6 @ ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
h. Q ad. sk. Brazil (?). Sclater Coll.
i,j. 6 a.d.; k. Q. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. (Whitely).
l. 3 ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
m. Q ad. Sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana. Salvin–Godman Coll.
n. 6 ad, sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
o. 6 ad, sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. 3 a.d. sk. Santa Cruz, Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].
q, r. 2 ad, sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll.
s, t. Ad. Sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
2:f Aulia rufescens.
Lipaugus rufescens, Sel. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 276 (Guatemala), et 1861,
p. 211; Sel. et Salv, Ibis, 1859, p. 124 (Guatemala); id. P. Z. S.
1864, p. 361 (Panama); iid, Ea. Orn. pp. 5, 6, pl. iii.; Lawr.
Ann. Lyc, N. Y. vii. p. 330 (Panama), et ix. p. 116 (Costa Rica);
Salo. Ibis, 1866, p. 203 (Guatemala); id., P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149
(Veragua); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica).
Aulia rufescens, Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 57; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 519
(Antioquia).
Lathriosoma typicum, Bp. MS.
Above reddish brown, beneath paler; rump and body beneath
crossed by fine, nearly obsolete, black bars; breast and belly marked
with irregular rounded black spots; wings blackish, edged with
brown, and more or less spotted with black; tail uniform reddish
brown; lateral patch of plumes yellow ; under wing-coverts clear
reddish brown; bill blackish; feet brown ; whole length 8:5 inches,
wing 44, tail 3.6. Female similar, but without the black spots on
the lower surface, and lateral plumes less developed.
Hab. Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama, and Northern Colombia.
2 A 2
356 COTINGIDAE.
a. Ad. St. Central America. Purchased.
b. 6 a.d. sk Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Q ad. sk. Chepo, Isthm. of Panama Sclater Coll.
Arcé).
d. 9 ad. sk **) Salvin–Godman Coll.
e, d ad, sk Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.
(Salmon). w
f. 6 ad, sk Remedios, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
7. LIPAUGUS. T
ype.
Lipaugus, Boie, Isis, 1828, p. 318 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. simplex.
Rhytipterna, Reichenb. Av. Syst, Nat. t. lxv. (1850) .... L. simplex.
This genus consists of three species, all remarkable for the singular
corrugations of the hinder part of the tarsus. One of these occurs
in Central America, the two others in Guiana, Amazonia, and
Brazil.
Key to the Species.
A. General plumage cinereous.
Belly pale cinereous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. simplea, p. 356.
Belly yellowish. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. immundus, p. 357.
B. General plumage rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. holerythrus, p. 357.
1." Lipaugus simplex.
Muscicapa simplex, Licht. Doubl. p. 53 (1823).
Lipaugus simplex, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 3; Cab. in Schomb.
Guian. iii. p. 694; BP, Consp. i. p. 179; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 422;
Sel. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 211 (Brazil); id. Cat. A. B. p. 244; Cab. et
Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 100; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 123; Sol. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1866, p. 190 (R. Ucayali), et 1873, p. 284 (E. Peru); iid Er.
Orn. p. 6; iid. Womencl. p. 57; Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 90 (Rio de
Janeiro); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540, et 1882, p. 24 (E. Peru);
id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 870; Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 303 (Br. Guiana).
Tyrannus calcaratus, Sw, Quart. Journ. So, xx. p. 271 (1826); Jard.
et Selb, Ill. Orn. i. pl. 37.
Muscicapa cinerascens, Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 16, pl. 21.
Muscicapa rustica, Maa. Beitr. iii. p. 866.
Myiarchus rusticus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 470.
Above uniform olivaceous grey ; wings and tail brownish :
beneath rather paler; abdomen slightly ochraceous; bill horn-
colour; feet blackish : whole length 7-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 3-3.
Female similar, but wings and tail edged with ferruginous.
Hab. Colombia, Guiana, Amazonia, and S.E. Brazil.
a. Ad. Sk, Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. Jr. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
c. 3 ad. ; d, e, Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
Q ad. sk. (Whitely).
f Q ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
7. LIPAUGUS. 357
g. 9 ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll,
(Whitely).
h. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
8. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Ad, sk. Lower Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].
K-m. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin–Godman Coll.
n. 6 a.d. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin–Godman Coll.
o, p. 3 a.d. sk. ; Brazil. Sclater Coll.
q, r, $2 ad, sk.
8. Ad. sk. Brazil, Salvin–Godman Coll.
2.*Lipaugus immundus.
Lipaugus immundus, Sel, et, Salv. Nomencl. pp. 57, 159,
Above dark cinereous; wings and tail blackish; outer secondaries
and coverts slightly edged with whitish ; outer margins of external
rectrices cinerascent: beneath pale cinereous; middle of belly pale
yellowish; under wing-coverts and inner margins of wing-feathers
pale ashy white; bill horn-colour, paler at the base ; feet blackish ;
whole length 7 inches, wing 3-5, tail 3-3. Female similar, but wings
and tail-feathers edged with ferruginous.
Hab. Cayenne.
Allied to L. simplea, but with the bill narrower, and the belly
yellowish.
a, b. 3 Q ad, sk. Oyapoc, Cayenne. Sclater Coll. (Types of the
species.)
3:"Ilipaugus holerythrus.
Lipaugus holerythrus, Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 300 (Guatemala),
1864, p. 361 (Panama), 1867, p. 279 (Mosquitia), et 1879, p. 519
(Antioquia); iid Ibis, 1860, p.400 (Vera Paz); iid. Ev. Orn. p. 6;
id. Nomencl. p. 57; Scl. P. Z. S. 1861, p. 211 (Guatemala); id. Cat.
A. B. p. 244; Lawr. Ann, Lyc, N. Y. vii. p. 330 (Panama), et ix.
p. 116 (Costa Rica); Frantz, J. f. O. 1869, p. 309 (Costa Rica);
Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 149, et 1870, p. 199 (Veragua); Wyatt, Ibis,
1871, p. 334 (Magdalena Valley); Bouc. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 65 (Costa
Rica); Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 318 (Bucaramanga).
Above uniform brownish rufous; middle parts of the webs of the
wing-feathers and tips of the primaries blackish ; bill pale horn-
colour, whitish at the base; feet dark brown : whole length 8 inches,
wing 42, tail 3.8. Female similar.
Hab. Southern Mexico and Central America down to Panama
and Northern Colombia.
a. Ad, sk. Mexico. J. Gould, Esq.
b. Ad, sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Type of the species.)
c. Ad. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
d, e. Ad, sk. Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq.
35S COTINGIDAE,
j, g, Ad, sk. Sources of Rio de la Pasion, Salvin-Godman Coll.
Guatemala.
h. Ad. sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.
j. 6 a.d. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
K. §2 ad. sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
l. 3 ad, sk. Southern slope, Volcan of Salvin-Godman Coll.
Chiriqui (Arcé),
m. & ad. sk. Veragua (Arcé). O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
n, 0. 6 & ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Salvin-Godman Coll.
p. Ad, sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U.S. C. Sclater Coll.
(Salmon).
q. ‘P ad. sk. Remedios, Antioquia, U.S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
r. & ad. sk. Nichi, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
Subfamily III. ATTILINAE.
This small group has been variously referred to the Tyrannidae,
Formicariidae, and Cotingidae. In placing it in the last-named
group I have followed Sundevall, but I am by no means sure of this
being its correct position. The strong, hooked, and compressed bill
and the ambulatory feet seem to have little to do with the Cotingidae,
but the structure of the tarsi tends the other way.
The Attilinae range over the Neotropical Region from Southern
Mexico to Paraguay.
Key to the Genera.
A. Larger, stronger; beak distinctly hooked. . 8, ATTILA, p. 359.
B. Smaller, feebler; beak slightly hooked . . . . 9. CASIORNIS, p. 365.
8. ATTILA*. T
ype.
Attila, Less. Traité d'Orn. p. 360 (1831) . . . . . . . . . . . . A. brasiliensis.
Dasycephala, Sw. Fauna Bor.-Am., Aves, p. 486 (1831). A. spadiceus.
Dasyopsis, Reichenb. Av. Syst. Nat. t. lxvi. (1850) . . . . A. brasiliensis.
The genus Attila has nearly the same range as the subfamily,
but does not perhaps go so far south as Casiornis. There is so
much variation in the plumage of the species of the first section of
the group that, in the absence of a series of specimens with the
sexes determined by dissection, it is not possible to understand them
properly.
* Reference should be made to the following described species of Attila, which
are unknown to me:—
. Attila flammulatus, Lafr. R. Z. 1848, p. 47; from Colombia.
. A. bolºvianus, Lafr. op. cit, p. 46; from Bolivia.
. A. phaenicurus, Pelz. Orm. Bras. p. 96; from Brazil.
. A. rufigularis, Pelz. ibid.; from Brazil.
. A. cinnamomeus, Lawr. Ann. L. N. Y. x. p. 8; from Mazatlan.
. A. griseigularis, Berl. Ibis, 1885, p. 200; from Brazil.
:
8. ATTILA. 359
Key to the Species.
A. Neck and breast striated.
1. brasiliensis, p. 359.
2. wropygialis, p. 360.
3. Spodiostethus, p. 360.
. Sclateri, p. 361.
a. Breast grey, greenish, or yellowish, not !
4
5. citreopygius, p. 361.
6
rufous ; uropygial band yellow or
Orange, distinct * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. cozumelae, p. 362.
b. Breast rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. Spadiceus, p. 362.
B. Neck and breast not striated; uropygial \
band not distinct; general colour ferru-
II, OllS.
c. Head cinereous.
Larger: fore neck cinereous.... 8, cinereus, p. 363.
Smaller: chim cinereous, fore
neck rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. citriniventris, p. 363.
d. Head rufous.
a'. Head greyish rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . 10, validus, p. 364.
b'. Head chestnut-rufous.
# chestnut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. thamnophiloides, p. 364.
Belly orange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. torridus, p. 365.
1st Attila brasiliensis.
Attila brasiliensis, Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 360; Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1848,
p. 45; Selater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 41 (Brazil); id. Cat. A. B. p. 195;
Sel, et Salv, Nomencl. p. 57.
Muscicapa uropygiata, Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 868.
Myiarchus uropygiatus, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 472.
Dasycephala uropygialis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 198.
Above dull olive-green, interscapulium and scapularies strongly
tinged with ferruginous; wings blackish, coverts edged with pale
fulvous ; rump bright yellow ; tail ferruginous brown: beneath
white, more or less tinged with yellowish on the throat, breast,
and flanks, and flammulated with long greyish striations on the
throat, breast, and belly; bill horn-colour, whitish at the base;
feet park brown ; whole length 7-5 inches, wing 3-6, tail 2-8.
Female (?) similar, but interscapulium olive-green, and tail dull
brown.
Plab. S.E. Brazil.
a. Ad. St. Brazil. J. E. Gray, Esq. [P.].
b. Ad. St. Brazil. Sudbury Kºłº,
c, d. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, d ad, sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
(Compared with type of Attila brasiliensis in Mus. Par.)
f, g, Q ad. Sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
* These six species I can only arrange geographically for the present.
360 COTING|IDAE.
2: Attila uropygialis.
Dasycephala uropygialis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 686; Cab, et
IIein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 14.
Attila uropygialis, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 96; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 304
(Brit. Guiana).
Attila brasiliensis, Salvin, Ibis, 1885, p. 303 (Brit. Guiana).

Above dark cinereous brown, rump bright yellow ; wings blackish,
edged with brownish, both rows of coverts tipped with pale rufous ;
tail cinereous brown, middle portions of web lighter: beneath
white, breast brownish, flammulated on throat and breast with pale
cinereous; under wing-coverts and flanks pale yellowish ochraceous;
bill dark horn-colour, pale at the base; feet blackish: whole length
6-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2-8. Female (?) similar, but upper parts
and breast-band more or less olivaceous.
Hab. British Guiana.
I propose to refer for the present to A. wropygialis all the speci-
mens obtained by Mr. Whitely, except those on which A. spodio-
stethus has been founded. Mr. Salvin has spoken of some of them
as barely separable from A. brasiliensis, and they are certainly very
like the Brazilian bird, though smaller in size. If my descriptions of
the two sexes are correct, then Mr. Whitely's determinations are in
some cases difficult to understand; for example, spec. b, marked dº,
is in what I consider female plumage, and spec. d, marked $2, in
male plumage.
a, b. 3 ad. ; c. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ad. sk. (Whitely).
d. 9 ad. sk. Carimang r., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
e. & ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Sclater Coll.
(Whitely).
f, g, d ? ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
`3.* Attila spodiostethus.
Attila spodiostethus, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1883, p.209 (Brit. Guiana);
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 304 (Brit. Guiana).
Above, head and neck cinereous; interscapulium olivaceous; rump
bright lemon-yellow ; tail dull rufous : beneath white, throat and
breast densely flammulated with cinereous; under wing-coverts
and flanks pale yellow ; bill horn-colour, pale at the base; feet
brown ; whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2:8. Female similar,
but smaller and whiter on the belly.
Hab. British Guiana.
This is perhaps only a phase of A. wropygialis, but we require
more information on the whole genus.
a, b, d ? ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely). (Types of the species.)
8. ATTILA. 361
4+Attila sclateri,
Attila Sclateri, Lawr. Ann. Lyo. Nat. Hist. N. Y. vii. p. 470 (1862)
(Panama), et ix. p. 110 (Costa Rica); Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864,
p. 358 (Panama); iid. Nomencl. p. 57; Frantz. J. f. O. 1869,
p. 306 (Costa Rica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 146, et 1870, p. 196
(Veragua); Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 404 (Nicaragua).
Above olive-green, head with slight blackish striations, inter-
Scapulium and scapularies strongly tinged with ferruginous; rump
bright lemon-yellow ; wings blackish, outer margins of secondaries
and tips of wing-coverts pale rufous : tail cinereous brown, more
rufous in the middle of the webs: beneath white, more or less
suffused with yellowish, especially on the breast and flanks, and
more or less definitely flammulated with greyish striations; under
wing-coverts and flanks ochreous yellow ; bill horn-colour, pale
at the base; feet brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 3-6, tail 2-9.
Female (?) similar, but not so strongly coloured, and interscapulium
olivaceous.
Hab. Costa Rica, Weragua, Panama, and Ecuador.
a. Ad.; b. Jr. Irazu distr., Costa Rica (Rogers). Salvin-Godman Coll.
sk.
c. Ad, sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 6 a.d. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Salvin–Godman Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Costa Rica (Carmiol). Sclater Coll.
f, g, Ad, sk. Southern slope, Volcan of Salvin-Godman Coll.
Chiriqui (Arcé).
h. 6 a.d. sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin–Godman Coll.
2. G ad. sk. Santa Fé, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Ad. sk. Veragua (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
k, l. Ad, sk. Veragua (Arcé). O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
m. d ad. sk. San Pablo Station, Panama (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
2)27? ).
m. SP ad. sk. rº. (McLeannan). Salvin–Godman Coll.
o, p. Ad. sk. Panama (McLeannan). Sclater Coll.
q. Ad, sk. Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
5. Attila citreopygius.
Dasycephala citreopyga, Bp. Compt. Rend. xxxviii. p. 657; id. Notes
Orn. p. 86 (Nicaragua).
Attila citreopygius, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 228, 1859, pp. 41, 366,
383; id, Ibis, 1859, p. 438 (Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 194; Sel.
et Salv. Ibis, 1859, p. 120 (Guatemala); iid. P. Z. S. 1870, p. 837
(Honduras); Lawr. Ann. Lyc. N. Y. viii. p. 7 (Colombia); Ridgw.
P. U.S. N. M. vi. p. 385 (Nicaragua); Bouc. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 449
(Yucatam).
Above ferruginous brown ; front and lores whitish, with black
shaft-stripes; head also with slight black striations; rump ochreous
yellow ; tail bright ferruginous brown, duller at the tip ; wings
blackish, margins of outer secondaries and tips of wing-coverts
pale rufous : beneath white, more or less tinged with yellowish;
362 COTINGID ZE,
throat and breast more or less flammulated with dark cinereous
striations; under wing-coverts and flanks ochraceous yellow ; bill
horn-colour; feet dark brown ; whole length 7-5 inches, wing 3-9,
tail 3-3.
Hab. Southern Mexico, Yucatan, Guatemala, and Nicaragua.
This seems to be a larger bird than A. sclateri and more ferrugi-
nous above, but it varies much, and some examples of the two
species come very near one another. In specimen a the under Sur-
face is very nearly white ; in e and f it is almost entirely of a rich
yellow.
a. Ad. sk. Jalapa, Mexico (de Oca). Sclater Coll.
b, c. Ad. sk. Tizimin, Northern Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Gaumer).
d. 6 a.d. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salvin).
e. Ad, sk. Khamkhal, Vera Paz, Guatemala Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salvin & Godman).
f. Ad, sk. Vera Paz, Guatemala (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g, h. Ad, sk. Guatemala. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
2. Ad. sk. Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq.
j. Ad, sk. Guatemala. Purchased.
`-6.*Attila cozumelae.
Attila cozumelae, Ridgw. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. iii. p. 23.
Attila sp. inc., Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 191 (Cozumel).
Apparently only different from A. atreopygius in being rather
Smaller in size, and paler and more white beneath. The specimens
of A. citreopygius from Yucatan (b and c) are barely distinguishable.
Hab. Cozumel and other islands of Yucatan coast.
a. Q ad. ; b–h. Cozumel Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll.
Ad. sk. (Gaumer).
2. Ad. sk. Cozumel Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Devis).
j. Q ad. sk. Jolbox Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Gaumer).
k. 6 a.d. sk. Meco Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Gaumer).
!—n. Ad. sk. Mugeres Island, Yucatan Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Gaumer).
7.4 Attila spadiceus.
Muscicapa spadicea, Gm. S. N. i. p. 937.
Tyrannus rufescens, Sw. Quart. Journ. Sc. xx. p. 278 (1826).
Attila spadiceus, Lafº. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 46; Selater, P. Z. S. 1859,
p. 41 º; ºd. Cat. A. B. p. 195; Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. vii.
p. ; olombia); Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 96; Sel. et Salv. Womencl.
p. O'ſ.
Above dark ferruginous brown ; rump bright ochreous yellow :
wings blackish, margins of outer secondaries and tips of coverts
pale rufous : beneath, throat and breast bright yellowish ferrugi-
8. ATTILA. 363
nous, flammulated with cinereous; belly white; flanks yellowish ;
under wing-coverts pale rufous; bill horn-colour, pale at the base ;
feet dark brown ; whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2-6.
Hab. S.E. Brazil, Guiana, and Amazonia.
a, b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin–Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
e. P ad, sk. Yquitos, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
f, g. Ad, sk. Cayenne. Purchased.
8. Attila cinereus.
Muscicapa cinerea, Gm. S. N. i. p. 933; Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 853;
Spiv, Av. Bras. ii. p. 19, pl. 26. fig. 2.
Dasycephala cinerea, Bp. Consp. i. p. 198; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 85;
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 14.
Attila cinereus, Selater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 41 (Brazil); id. Cat. A. B.
p. 194; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 95; Scl. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 57.
Attila rufus, Lafº. Rev. Zool. 1848, p. 46.
Above ferruginous brown; wings blackish, edged with brown ;
rump more cinnamomeous; tail chestnut-brown ; head cinereous :
front whitish, with black hairs : beneath, throat cinereous, breast
ferruginous ; belly cinnamomeous; under wing-coverts and inner
margins of wing-feathers cinnamomeous; bill pale horn-colour; feet
brown : whole length 7-5 inches, wing 3-7, tail 3:1. Female
similar.
FIab. S.E. Brazil.
Specimens f, g, and h are rather larger and have more cinereous on
the neck, but other examples are intermediate.
a. Ad. St. Brazil. Purchased.
b–d. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin–Godman Coll.
e. Ad. Sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Coll.
f. 6 a.d. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. Ad. Sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
'h. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll,
*—k. Ad. sk. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
l, Ad. sk. Venezuela (P). Sclater Coll.
9. (Attila citriniventris.
Attila citriniventris, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 40 (Upper Amazons);
id. Cat. A. B. p. 195; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 57; Tacz. Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 371.
Above, back ferruginous brown; rump brighter, cinnamomeous;
tail chestnut ; head dark cinereous: lores dirty white; wings
blackish, edged with brown : beneath cinnamomeous brown, throat
and breast darker, chin cinercous; bill, and feet brown : whole
length 6-7 inches, wing 3-2, tail 26.
Hab. Upper Amazonia.
364 COTINGIDAE.
This species is at once distinguishable from A. cinerews by its
dark ferruginous throat and shorter bill.
a. Ad. sk. Upper Peruvian Amazons. Sclater Coll. (Type
of the species.)
10. Attila validus.
Attila validus, Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 95; Sel, et Salv. Womencl. p. 57.
Above ferruginous brown, head greyish; rump and tail chest-
nut; wings blackish, edged with brown : beneath bright cinnamo-
meous brown, rather darker on the breast ; chin slightly cinerascent;
bill clear horn-colour; feet brown : whole length 7 inches, wing
3-8, tail 3:1.
Hab. Matto Grosso, Brazil.
The larger size and lighter head at once distinguish this species
from A. citriniver tris.
a. 6 ad. sk. Matto Grosso, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll. (Authen-
tic specimen.)
b. Ad, sk. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C].
11.” Attila thamnophiloides.
Muscicapa thamnophiloides, Spiz, Av. Bras. ii. p. 19, pl. 26. fig 1.
Attila thamnophiloides, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 41 (Brazil); id. Cat.
A. B. p. 195; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 96; Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866,
p. 187 (R. Ucayali), 1867, p. 577 (L. Amazons), 1873, p. 285 (E.
Peru); id., Womencl. p. 57; Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 (Para);
Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 304 (Br. Guiana); Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 372.
Dasycephala thannophiloides, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 86; Bp.
Consp. i. p. 198; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 14.
Thamnophilus strenuus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 173.
Above clear ferruginous brown ; wings blackish, edged with
brown ; rump and tail rather lighter, chestnut-brown : beneath
clear cinnamon-brown, rather paler on the belly and crissum ; bill
dark horn-colour; feet brown : whole length 7-8 inches, wing 3-7,
tail 3:2. Female similar.
Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Amazonia.
a. Ad. sk. Demerara. Sclater Coll.
b. Ad, sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll. (Type
of M. Strenuus.)
c. 9 ad. sk. Mexiana ( Wallace). Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Elvira, E. Peru (Haua well). Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Samiria, Upper Amazons Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Haua well).
J. & ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Salvin-Godman Coll.
9. Ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Purchased.
h. Ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ucayali (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.
7. Ad, sk. Ucayali. E. Bartlett [C.].
% Ad. st. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
. Ad, sk. Brazil. R. Graham, Esq.
[P.]. .
9. CASIORNIs. 365
12: Attila torridus.
Attila torridus, Scl. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 280 (Ecuador); id. Cat. A. B.
p. 195; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 139 (W. Peru); iid.
Nomencl. p. 57; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 372; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S.
1885, p. 118 (Ecuador).
Above clear cinnamon-brown, more yellowish on the rump;
wings blackish, edged with brown : beneath paler, belly yellowish
like the rump; bill dark horn-colour; feet pale brown : whole
length 8 inches, wing 4, tail 3:5.
FIab. Western Ecuador.
This species is distinguishable from A. thamnophiloides by its
larger size and the much lighter colour of the back and rump.
a, b, d ad, sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types
of the species.)
c. Ad. sk. Babahoyo, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C].
d. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Sta. Rita, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
9. CASIORNIS. Type
“Casiornis, Bp.,” Des Murs, Orn. Casteln. Voy. p. 55 *
(1855) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. rubra.
This is a weaker form of Attila, distinguished by its smaller, less
hooked, and less compressed bill, feebler feet, and longer tail. The
two species are Brazilian, one ranging south to Paraguay and
Northern Argentina.
Key to the Species.
A. Whole upper surface chestnut-brown. . . . . . . . . . . . 1. rubra, p. 365.
B. Back dull brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, fusca, p. 366.
1. Casiornis rubra.
Suiriri roxo, Azara, Apunt. ii. p. 128.
Muscicapa rubra, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxi. p. 457; id. Enc. Méth.
. 831.
Dºrials rubra, Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 86.
Casiornis rubra, Sel. P. Z. S. 1859, p. 41; id. Cat. A. B. p. 195;
Pelz. O. m. Bras. p. 96; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 57; iid. P. Z. S.
1879, p. 618 (Bolivia); Scl. et Huds. Arg, Orn. i. p. 163.
Muscicapa haematodes, Licht. in Mus. Berol.
Tyrannus thamnophiloides, d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 309.
Dasycephala haematodes, Bp. Consp. i. p. 199; Cab, in Wiegm, Arch.
1847, pt. º 222.
Tyrannula rufula, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 6.
Casiornis typus, Des Murs, Orn. Casteln. Poy, p. 55, pl. 18. fig. 1.
Above uniform dark chestnut-brown : beneath pale cinnamon-
brown, lighter on the throat; belly slightly yellowish; bill brown,
366 COTINGIDAE.
pale at the base; feet dark brown ; whole length 64 inches, wing
34, tail 3:2. Female similar. *
IIab. S.E. Brazil, Paraguay, and N. Argentina.
a. 6 ad. sk. Goyaz, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
b. ? ad. sk. S.E. Brazil (Reinhardt). Sclater Coll.
c. Ad. sk. IBrazil. Sclater Coll. *
d. 9 ad. sk. Oran, Argentine Republic Sclater Coll.
(White).
2. Casiornis fusca.
Casiornis fusca, Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. pp. 57, 159.
Above dull brown; cap and tail chestnut-red; wings blackish,
edged with chestnut-red: beneath pale cinnamomeous, lighter on
the throat; belly pale yellowish; bill pale horn-colour, paler at the
base; feet brown : whole length 5:5 inches, wing 3, tail 2-9. w
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
The fuscous back and yellower belly distinguish this from the
former species.
a. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Sclater Coll.
(Type of the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil. Sclater Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Bahia, Brazil. Salvin–Godman Coll.
d. Ad, sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Subfamily IV. RUPICOLINAE.
Rupicola, with its large feet and extraordinary compressed crest, is
certainly one of the most specialized forms of the American Passeres,
but does not appear to present any very remarkable deviations from
other Oligophonine Passeres in internal structure. But Garrod
(P. Z. S. 1877, p. 517) has shown that, unlike most of the Cotingidae,
it is Homaeomerine and not Heteromerine, and has therefore placed
it in a separate group of the Oligophonae.
Near Rupícola must come Phoenicocercus, I think, although much
less abnormal in structure. Both these forms are restricted to the
Guianas and Amazonia.
Key to the Genera.
A. Crest slight, recumbent; fourth pri-
mary of male terminating in a horny
filament; tarsi and toes moderate ... 10. PHOENIGocBRCUs, p. 367.
B. Crest large, elevated, compressed; first
primary of male with the immer web
cut away at the termination; tarsi
and toes very strong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. RUPIcola, p. 369.
10. PHOENICOCERCUs. 367
10. PHOENICOCERCUS. Type
ype.
Phoenicercus, Swains. Fawn. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 491 (1831) . . P. carnifex.
Phoenicocercus, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. xiii. pt. i. p. 236 (1847) P. carnifex.
End of wing of Phoenicocerous nigricollis.
The two known species of this brilliant genus are confined to the
Guianas and Amazonia. The males have a remarkable point of
structure in the shortening of the wings and the curious modifi-
cation of the fourth primary, which terminates in a thickened horny
process.
Key to the Species.
A. Throat and back brownish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. carnifer, p. 367.
B. Throat and back jet-black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. nigricollis, p. 368.
1. Phoenicocercus carnifex.
Ampelis carnifex, Linn. S. N. i. p. 298.
Ampelis coccinea, Gºn. S. W. i. p. 839.
Aºi. cuprea, Vieill. Wouw. Dict, viii. p. 163; id. Enc. Méth.
. 761.
Pºems carnifex, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 254,
Phoenicocercus carnifex, Cab, et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 98; Cab.
in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 695; Bp. Consp. i. p. 170; Burm. Syst.
Ueb. ii. p. 439; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 253; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867,
p. 580 (L. Amazons); iºd. Nomencl. p. 58; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 131;
Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 (Para); Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 304 (Brit.
Guiana).
Above dark purplish brown, becoming blacker on the nape; crown,
slightly crested, and rump bright Scarlet; wings black; outer second-
aries and coverts chestnut-brown, with darker edgings; tail bright
scarlet, with a broad brownish tip : beneath bright scarlet, throat and
breast brownish ; bill dark horn-colour; feet yellowish brown :
whole length 7 inches, wing 3-7, tail 3. Female. Above olive-brown,
crown of head and tail tinged with scarlet: beneath brown, abdomen
stained with blood-red; bill and feet brown : length of wing
4-2 inches.
Hab. Cayenne, Guiana, and Lower Amazonia.

COTINGIDAE.
a. 6 a.d. st S. America. J. Planta, Esq. [P.].
b. 3 jr. st S. America. Purchased.
c. 3 jr. st. S. America. Hardwicke Bequest.
d. 3 jr. st. British Guiana. R. Geogr. Soc. [P.].
e. Q ad. st Eritish Guiana. R. Schomburgk [C.J.
f. 6 a.d. sk Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
g, h. 3 Qad, sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
3. G ad, sk. Demerara. W. T. Turner, Esq.
P.].
j, k, d ? ad. sk. Cayenne. sº Coll.
I, m. G SP ad, sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll,
m. & ad. sk. Barra do Rio Negro (Nat- Sclater Coll.
terer).
o. 9 ad, sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wal- Sclater Coll.
lace).
p. Q ad, sk. Para, Lower Amazons (Wal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
lace).
q, d ad. sk. Para, Lower Amazons. Salvin-Godman Coll.
r. Q ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq.
2. Phoenicocercus migricollis.
Ampelis carnifex, Spia, Av. Bras. ii. p. 4, pl. 5.
Pipra coccinea, Wagl, Isis, I830, p. 938.
Phoenicercus migricollis, Sw, Faun. Bor-Am.ii. p. 491 (1831); id. Class.
I}. ii. p. 254.
Pº nigricollis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 270; Cab. et Hein. Mus.
Hein. ii. p. 98; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 253; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 131;
Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 567 (Ucayali), 1867, p. 751 (E. Peru),
1873, p. 285 (E. Peru); id. Nomencl. p. 58; Tacz. Orm. Pér. ii.
p. 371.
Ampelis merremii, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 104.
Phoenicocercus nigrigularis, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 978 (Pebas).
Above jet-black; crested crown of head, rump, and upper tail-
coverts bright scarlet: wings brown; tail scarlet, with a broad
black tip : beneath scarlet, throat black; whole length 8:5 inches,
Female. Above yellowish olive-brown; crown of
head and tail tinged with red : beneath Scarlet, breast duller, throat
brown : length of wing 4-6 inches.
Hab. Upper Amazonia.
wing 4, tail 3:1.
a. G ad. St. S. America. Purchased.
b. 6 ad, sk. Pebas, E. Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. 0 ad. sk. olº E. Peru (Haua- J. Gould, Esq.
Quell).
d. 9 ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. Salvin-Godman Colt.
e. & ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].
jº. 3 a.d. sk. Loretoyacu, Eastern Peru Sclater Coll.
(IIawa well).
g. Ó ad, sk. xº Eastern Peru (Bart- Sclater Coll.
ett).
h. Q ad. sk. Santa Cruz, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C].
i,j. 6 Q ad, sk. Rio Copotaza, Ecuador Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Buckley).
11. RUPICoEA. 369
11. RUPICOLA. Type
Rupicola, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 437 (1760). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. Crocea.

__- +=
–=-
End of the outer primary of Rupicola.
This splendid and much isolated form of the Cotingidae is spread
over the northern part of South America from Venezuela and
Colombia down to Bolivia, but does not occur in S.E. Brazil. It is
remarkable amongst its allies for its strong feet and partly feathered
tarsi, and for the enormous compressed crest which covers its head.
The first outer primary is curiously modified.
The nest and eggs of R. peruviana have been taken by Goudot
(Rev. Zool. 1842, p. 1) and by Salmon (P. Z. S. 1879, p. 519).
Key to the Species.
A. Wing-coverts orange, like the back; tail
brown, tipped with pale orange . . . . . . . . . . 1. crocea, 6,369.
B. Wing-coverts and tail black:
}. orange-red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. peruviana, p. 370.
plumage blood-red . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Sanguinolenta, p. 371.
1. Rupicola crocea.
Pipra rupicola, Linn. S. N. i. p. 338; Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 928.
Rupicola crocea, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 266; Cab. in Schomb. Guian.
iii. p. 694; BP, Consp. i. p. 170; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 437;
Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 99; Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 98;
Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 253; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 131; Sel. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons); iid. Nomencl. p. 57; Salv.
Ibis, 1885, p. 304 (Br. Guiana).
Rupicola elegans, Steph. Zool. xiii. pt. 2, p. 257.
Rupicola aurantia, Peill. Gal. Ois. ii. p. 316, pl. 189; Schomb.
Naumann. 1850, p. 34.
Rupicola cayana, Sw, Class. B. ii. p. 253.
Brilliant orange; wings brown, with a broad white transverse
bar; secondaries externally edged and broadly tipped with pale
orange, outer secondaries with the external webs produced into
filaments; tail blackish brown, tipped with pale orange ; bill and
feet yellowish : whole length 11 inches, wing 7, tail 37. Female.
Dark olive-brown; rump, tail, belly, and under wing-coverts
stained with orange-brown.
Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia.
WOL. XIV. 2 B
370 COTINGIDAE.
a. Q ad. St. S. America. Hardwicke Bequest.
b. 6 ad.; c, d. Q Carimang r., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. ; e. 6 jr. sk. (TWhitely).
ſ. 3 a.d. sk. Merumé Mts., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely)
g. 3 ad. sk. River Atāpurow, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
h. 3 ad. sk. Camacusa, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
i. 6 ad. sk. Demarara. Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. 6 a.d. sk. Demarara. J. Gould, Esq.
k. 6 a.d. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
l. 3 ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin–Godman Coll.
‘m. & ad. sk. Cayenne. º Rothery, Esq.
n. G. jr. sk. Guia, Rio Negro (Wallace). Sclater Coll.
o, Skeleton. Demerara. Purchased.
2. Rupicola peruviana.
Pipra rupicola, var., Gm. S. W. i. p. 998.
Pipra peruviana, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 555; Wagi, Isis, 1830, p. 926.
Rupicola peruviana, Dumont, Dict. Sc. Nat. xlvi. p. 453; Vieill.
Enc. Méth. p. 266; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 294; Bp. Consp. i. p. 170;
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 99; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152
(Bogota), et 1858, p. 71 (Rio Napo); id. Cat. A. B. p. 253; Gould,
P. Z. S. 1859, p. 99; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 334 (Colombia); Sol.
et Salv. Nomencl. p. 57; iid. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 751 (E. Peru), 1869,
p. 598 (S. Peru), 1873, p. 285 (E. Peru), 1875, pp. 237, 238
(Venezuela), 1879, p. 618 (Bolivia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540
(C. Peru), 1882, p. 24 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 373;
Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 306 (Bucaramanga); Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S.
1885, p. 93 (Ecuador).
Rupicola peruana, Tsch. Faun. Per., Orn, p. 142.
Brilliant orange; wings and tail black, outer secondaries with
broad tips of silvery grey : bill and feet pale yellowish brown :
whole length 13 inches, wing 7-5, tail 5. Female. Deep brown,
tinged with Orange; wings and tail brown; bill and feet dark
horn-colour.
Hab. Colombia, Ecuador, Upper Amazonia, Peru, and Bolivia.
The Bolivian bird is much darker in hue than the northern form,
and comes near to R. sanguinolenta.
a-c, č ad.; d-f. S. America. Purchased.
9 a.d. st.
g. Q ad. sk. San Cristobal, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Goering).
J. & ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq.
t. Q ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
j. 6 jr. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
k, l, d ? ad. Sk. Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll.
im. G ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n, d ad. sk. Chiquinda, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o, d ad, sk. Chyavetas, E. Peru (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
11. RUPICOLA. 371
j-y
p. 3 a.d. sk. Eastern Peru (Farris). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. 6 a.d. sk. Peru (Barclay). Salvin-Godman Coll.
r, s. 3 9 ad. sk. Simacu, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
t, d jr. sk Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Buckley).
w. 6 a.d. sk. Bolivia (D. Forbes). Sclater Coll.
v. 9 a.d. sk. Bolivia, J. Gould, Esq.
3. Rupicola sanguinolenta.
Rupicola sanguinolenta, Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 100; Sol. P. Z. S.
1860, p. 91 (Nanegal); id. Cat. A. B. p. 253; Sel. et Salv. Nomencl.
p. 57; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 519 (Antioquia); Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S.
1885, p. 116 (Nanegal).
Rupicola saturata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 99.
Similar to R. peruviana, but plumage blood-red.
Hab. Western Ecuador and Colombia.
This is scarcely more than a subspecies. Bolivian examples of
R. peruviana are intermediate in tint, as are also those from Antio-
quia referred to the present form.
a, b. 3 ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. Gould Coll.
(Types of the species.)
c. 6 a.d. sk. Quito, Ecuador (Gould). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 6 ad. sk. Ecuador. Furchased.
e. 6 ad.; f. 6 Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
ir. sk.
9. l, ad. sk. Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
h. 6 a.d. sk. Quito, Ecuador (Gould). Gould Coll.
t, j. 6 ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
mon).
k. Q ad. sk. Vicinity of Medellin, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
Subfamily V. COTINGINAE.
The typical Cotinginge contain some of the most gorgeous forms of
the Neotropical ornis. Even among the Pittas and Paradise-birds
of the Eastern tropics few can compete with the members of the
genus Cotinga in beauteous colouring, and in some of the other
genera of the subfamily (Pipreola and Xipholena) the dress is nearly
equally ornamental.
The typical Cotinginge are most abundant in the equatorial forests
of South America, only two of the genera having representatives in
Central America. Southwards they extend to the extreme limits of
the South-Brazilian Wood-region.
Key to the Genera.
A. Tail deeply forked..... * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * s 12, PHIBALURA, p. 372.
B. Tail squared,
a. Larger: tail lengthened. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. Tijuca, p. 373,
2 B 2
372
COTINGIDAE.
b. Moderate-sized:
tail moderate.
a'. Head not crested.
a". Wings moderate.
a". Bill much widened at base . . . .
b". Bill more compressed.
a". Wing-coverts normal.
| Bill Smaller . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
WN Bill longer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
b%. Wing-coverts lengthened and
stiffened . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
b". Wings much elongated . . . . . . . . . . 18
b'. Head crested.
|
Bill more compressed
Bill more widened
as e < e < e º e º 'º e a
• * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
c. Small-sized: tail very short.
|
Phibalura, Vieill. Analyse, p. 31 (1816)
Not crested: tail longer; wings long
Crested: tail shorter; wings short. .
12. PHIBALURA.
* - e º e º 'º
. AMPELION, p. 373.
. PIPREOLA, p. 376.
. CotſNGA, p. 382.
. XIPHOLENA, p. 387.
. CARPoDECTEs, p.389.
. DoIIoRNIS, p. 390.
. HELIOCHERA, p.390.
IoDoPLEURA, p. 392.
. UALYPTURA, p. 394.
Type.
P. flavirostris.
• * * * *
Chelidis, Gloger, Froriep's Notizen, xvi. p. 278 (1827).. P. flavirostris.
Amphibolura, Cab. et. Hein. Mus. Hein. ii.p. 103 (1859) P. flavirostris.
This is a very peculiar type, with an excessively short and
widened bill and a long, deeply cleft tail, and perhaps ought to
stand in a separate subfamily. It is restricted to S.E. Brazil.
1. Phibalura flavirostris.
Phibalura flavirostris, Vieill. Analyse, p. 68; id. Nouv. Dict. xxv.
p. 522; id. Enc. Méth. p. 784; id. Gal. Ois. ii. p. 97, pl. 74;
Temm. Pl. Col. 118; Bp. Consp. i. p. 175; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii.
p. 433; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 254; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 131; Sel, et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 58.
Phibalura cristata, Sw. Zool. Ill, pl. 31; id. Class. B. ii. p. 251.
Pipra chrysopogon, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 930.
Amphibolura flavirostris, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103.
Above yellow, with broad black cross bands ; head black, with a
concealed Scarlet crest; wings and tail black : beneath yellow, fore-
neck white ; breast and flanks with black cross markings; bill and
feet pale yellow : whole length 8:5 inches, wing 5, tail 4.
Female
similar, but not so bright, head brownish, wings edged with green,
and tail not so long.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a, b. 3 9 ad, St. Brazil.
c. Ad. St. S. America.
d. Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil (Youds).
Ld. Stuart de Rothe-
say [P.].
Mrs. Atkins [P.].
e, f. Ad. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner).
g. & ad. sk. Rio Claro, Goyaz, Brazil
(Joyner).
h. Ad. sk. Brazil.
t. Ad. sk. Brazil.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
13. TIJUCA. –14. AMPELION. 373
13. TIJUCA.
* @ Type.
Tijuca, Less. Cent. Zool, p. 30, pl. vi. (1830). . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. #r.
Chrysopteryx, Sw, Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 492 (1831) . . . . . . T. nigra
This is another singular S.E. Brazilian type, unique among the
Cotingidae as regards the black colour of the male, and also remark-
able for its strong, compressed and incurved bill, and elongated tail.
1. Tijuca migra.
Tijuca nigra, Less. Cent. Zool. p. 30, pl. vi.; id. Tr. d’Orm. i. p. 326;
Bp. Consp. i. p. 177; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 254; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl.
58
p. Oö.
Chrysopteryx erythrorhynchus, Sw. Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 492; id.
Class. B. ii. p. 252.
Ampelis chrysoptera, Nordm. in Erm. Reis. p. 15, Atl. pl. x. fig. 1.
Ptilochloris chrysoptera, Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 435.
Chrysopteryx nigra, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 102.
Above and beneath black ; outer webs of primaries and secon-
daries, except the three last, bright yellow ; inner webs of basal
part of wing-feathers pale yellow ; bill orange-yellow ; feet black :
whole length 11-5 inches, wing 5-8, tail 4:6. Female. Olive-green,
beneath paler, belly yellowish, bill dirty orange, feet blackish.
Hab, S.E. Brazil.
a. 6 a.d. st. S. America. Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.].
ö. 6 ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Ja- Salvin-Godman Coll.
neiro, Brazil (Youds).
c, d. 3 SP ad. sk. S.E. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
e. 6 a.d. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. & jr. sk. S. America. Purchased.
g. 6 jr. sk. S. America. Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.].
14. AMIPELION.
Ampelion, Cab. in Tsch. Fawn. Per., Aves, p. 137
(1845) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. cucullatus.
Carpornis, Gray, Gen. of B. i. p. 279 (1846) . . . . A. melanocephalus.
Type.
This is a small group of fine, strong birds of prevailing green
colour in both sexes, and coming naturally after Tijuca. But the
tail is not so long proportionately, and the bill is shorter and
broader. Ampelion is found throughout the forests of the South-
American tropics, but does not extend north of Panama,
Rey to the Species.
A. Head all round and throat black.
a. Back brown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. cucullatus, p. 374.
b. Back olive-green.
With slight green bands below ;
bill dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. melanocephalus, p. 374.
Ol'8 nge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. arcuatus, p. 375.
B, Head black, throat yellowish . . . . . . . . . . 4,” cinctus, p. 375.
374 COTINGID.E.
1. Ampelion cucullatus.
Procnias cucullata, Sw, Zool. Ill. i. p. 37.
Ampelis cucullata, Temm. Pl. Col. 363.
Ampelion cucullatus, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 137; Burm.
Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 432.
Ampelio cucullatus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 104; Sel. Cat.
A. B. p. 255; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 132; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 306
(Brazil); Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58; Berl. J. f. O. 1873, p. 266
(S. Brazil); Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn. 1885, p. 140 (Rio Gr.
do Sul).
Carpornis cucullatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176.
Head and nape black : interscapulium brown, bordered by yellow
towards the neck; rump green; wings and tail black, margined
with green, both rows of wing-coverts tipped with pale yellow :
beneath yellow, throat and middle of breast black; bill plumbeous;
feet brown ; whole length 9 inches, wing 47, tail 4. Female
similar, but not so dark; head and throat greenish.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a. G ad. St. S. America. Purchased.
b. 0 ad. sk. Rio, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
c, d. 3 Q ad, sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. 6 ad. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. 6 ad. Sk. Rio º Goyaz, Brazil (Joy- Salvin-Godman Coll.
7269°).
h, i. 6 2 ad. sk. Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Salvin–Godman Coll,
Brazil (Joyner).
j, k, d ? ad. sk. Lago dos Patos, Rio Grande Salvin-Godman Coll.
do Sul, Brazil (Rogers).
l, m, 6 Q ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
n. 6 ad. sk. Brazil. Purchased.
o, 9 ad, sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
2. Ampelion melanocephalus.
Procnias melanocephalus, Sw, Zool. Ill. i. pl. 25.
Ampelis melanocephala, Mac. Beitr. iii. p. 401.
Ampelion melanocephalus, Cab. in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 137;
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 432.
Ampelio melanocephalus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 104; Scl.
Cat. A. B. p. 255; Sol, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58.
Carpornis melanocephalus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176.
Above green, head black : beneath paler, throat black; abdomen
yellowish, with greenish cross bands; under wing-coverts pale
yellow ; bill dark plumbeous: feet blackish: whole length 8.5
inches, wing 4-3, tail 3:4. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a. 3 ad. ; b. 3 jr. st. Brazil. Purchased.
c. SP ad. St. Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
d. 9 ad; e. Ad, sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner), Salvin-Godman Coll.
..f. Ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
g. Skeleton, Brazil. Purchased.
14. AMPELION. 375
3. Ampelion arcuatus.
Ampelis arcuata, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 98.
Pyrrhorhynchus arcuatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 177.
Ampelion arcuatus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152 (Bogota), 1858,
p. 553 (Riobamba), et 1860, p. 89 (Ecuador).
Ampelio arcuatus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 255; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 781 (Venezuela), 1879, p. 618 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 58;
Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540 (C. Peru), 1882, p. 24 (N.E. Peru); id.
Orn. Pér. ii. p. 379; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador).
Above deep green, head black ; wings and tail black, edged with
green and tipped with white : secondaries and their coverts with
clear yellowish spots on their outer webs; some of the upper tail-
coverts with black cross bands: beneath yellow, with regular black
cross bands, throat and breast black like the head; under wing-
coverts cross-banded like the belly; bill and feet orange-yellow :
whole length 8:5 inches, wing 4.7, tail 3-6. Female similar, but
head green like the back, and throat yellowish with black cross-
bars.
Hab. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
The orange bill of both sexes and strongly barred lower plumage
distinguish this fine species amongst its congeners.
a, b, d. 2 ad. St. Bogota. Purchased.
c, d. 3 & ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. & ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
f. Q ad. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
g. 3 ad. ; h. 3 Colombia. Salvin-Godman Coll.
ir. sk.
2. º ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. Q ad. sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
k. 6 a.d. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.
l, m, 3 Q ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq.
m, o. 6 @ ad. sk. º Yungas, Bolivia (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll,
€/).
p. 3 a.d. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buck- Sclater Coll.
ley).
4. Ampelion cinctus,
Ampelis cinctus, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1843, i. p. 385; id. Fawn, Per.,
Aves, p. 136. *
Ampelion cinctus, Sclater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152, pl. civ. (Bogota),
et 1860, p. 89 (Pallatanga); Sel, et Sel. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 520
(Antioquia).
Ampelio cinctus, Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 255; Sel, et Salv, Nomencl. p. 583
Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 380; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 118,
123 (Ecuador).
Cotinga tschudii, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 279.
Above green, with round black shaft-spots : cap black; front and
line round the nape yellow ; wings blackish, with the coverts
376 COTINGIDAE.
broadly edged with green; tail black, tipped with yellowish White :
beneath yellowish green, with dark greenish or blackish edgings to
the feathers; throat and crissum yellowish; bill dark plumbeous; feet
reddish brown : whole length 7 inches, wing 38, tail 2:4. Female
similar, but head green like the back.
Hab. Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The spotted upper surface, yellowish throat, and short tail dis-
tinguish this species from its allies.
a, b. Q ad. sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
c, d. 3 ad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
e, f. 6 @ ad. sk. Frontino, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
g. d ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
h. & ad. St. Bogota. Purchased.
15. PIPREOLA *.
Type.
Pipreola, Swains. An in Menag. p. 357 (1838) . . . . P. chlºridota.
Euchlornis, De Filippi, Mus. Mediol, An. Vert.
cl. ii. p. 31 (1847) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. riefferi.
Pyrrhorhynchus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1849, p. 103 . . . . P. viridis.
Pyrorhynchus, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 5 (1854). P. viridis.
Euchlorornis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103
(1859) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. riefferi.
After Ampelion comes very naturally the splendid genus Pipreola,
also generally clad in bright green colours, but beautifully adorned, in
the male sex, with patches of scarlet, orange, and yellow. Pipreola is
a feebler form than Ampelion, with smaller beak and shorter tarsi.
It extends all over Amazonia, Guiana, Venezuela, and Colombia, but
is not met with in the S.E. Brazilian subregion, nor anywhere north
of Panama.
Key to the Species.
A. General plumage bright green : no super-
ciliary stripe.
a'. External secondaries with white ends.
a". Throat dark green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , 1. riefferi, p. 377.
b". Throat black; no red on breast :
}; i. 9 l'een . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , 2, melanolaema, p. 377,
tail-end white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , ... 3, viridis, p. 378.
c". Throat black; breast red . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, formosa, p. 878.
d". Throat blood-red.
Larger: breast yellow . . . . . . . . . . 5. frontalis, p. 379.
| Smaller: breast green. . . . . . . . . . . . 6, sclateri, p. 379.
* It is not yet certain to which species should be referred :—
Pipreola chlorolepidota, Sw. An in Menag. p. 357 (1838); Scl, P. Z. S 1854,
p. 113 (Quijos), 1859, p. 441 (Rio Napo); id. Cat. A. B. p. 254; id. Ibis, 1878,
p. 173; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58.
But there can be little doubt that it was based upon a female of one of the
group. Unfortunately the typical specimen is lost.
15. PIPREOLA. 377
e". Throat and breast yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. aureipectus, p. 380.
b'. External secondaries without white ends.
f". Head black:
breast black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. lubomirskii, p. 380.
| breast orange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. jucunda, p. 381.
g". Head green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. elegans, p. 381.
B. General plumage greenish cinereous; super-
ciliaries yellow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. whitelyi, p. 381.
1. Pipreola riefferi.
Ampelis riefferi, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 3.
Euchlormis riefferii, De Fil. Mus. Mediol., Aves, p. 12.
Pyrrhorhynchus riefferi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 177.
Pipreola Tiefferi, Sel. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 113 (Ecuador), 1855, p. 153
(Bogota); id. Ann. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 469; id. Cat. A. B.
p. 254; id. Ibis, 1878, p. 166; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58; iid.
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 519 (Antioquia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 24
N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 375; Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 306
$º
Euchlorornis riefferi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103.
Above bright green, head darker and more blackish on the front;
wings and tail dark brown, edged with green ; outer secondaries
tipped with white : beneath bright green, throat and fore neck
darker : slight pectoral collar and middle of the belly bright yellow ;
under wing-coverts pale yellowish ; sides of belly flammulated
with green ; bill and feet yellowish white; whole length 7 inches,
wing 3-6, tail 2-9. Female similar, but head and throat green like
the back.
Hab. Colombia and Ecuador.
a. 6 ad. ; Bogota. Purchased.
b. Pull. St.
c, d. 6 ad. ; Bogota. Sclater Coll.
e. Q ad. sk.
J; g. 6 ad. ; Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. Q ad. sk.
i, d ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq.
j. 6 a.d. sk. Retiro, Antioquia, U. S. C. Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Salmon).
%. Q ad. sk. Santa Elena, U.S.C. (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l. 3 ad. sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador, Salvin-Godman Coll.
ºn, n. 6 @ ad, sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Palla- Salvin-Godman Coll.
gomez).
2. Pipreola melanolaema.
Pipreola melanolaema, Sel. Ann, & Mag. W. H. ser, 2.xvii. p. 469;
id. P. Z. S. 1860, pp. 63, 67 (Pallatanga), 1873, p. 780 (Peru); id.
Cat. A. B. p. 254; id. Ibis, 1878, pp. 166, 167; Sct, et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1868, p. 628, et 1870, p. 781 (Venezuela), 1873, p. 186
(Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 58; Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, p. 118
(Ecuador).
378 COTINGIDAE.
Euchlorornis melanolaema, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103.
Ampelis viridis, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 135 (*).
Pipreola viridis, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540 (C. Peru) (?).
Pipreola viridis intermedia, Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 377 (?).
Above bright green ; head black; wings and tail blackish, edged
with green; outer secondaries tipped with white: beneath green,
whole of throat and fore-neck black, bordered beneath by a narrow
yellow band; middle of belly and flammulations on each side
bright yellow ; under wing-coverts white, tinged with yellow ; bill
and feet pale yellow ; tip of tail-feathers whitish : whole length
7 inches, wing 3-6, tail 3:2. Female similar, but head and throat
green like the back.
Płab. Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru.
This form is only distinguishable from P. riefferi by the black
head and throat of the male, and the slight whitish ends to the
tail-feathers, and is thus intermediate between P. riéfferi and
P. viridis.
a. Q ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b. G. ad. sk. Merida, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c, d. 6 Qad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.
e, f. 6 Qad. sk. Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
g. & ad. sk. Chillanes, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
3. Pipreola viridis,
Ampelis viridis, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn. Av. p. 40; d'Orb. Voy, Ois.
p. 298, t. xxx, fig. 2; Tsch. Fawn, Per., Aves, p. 135.
Pipreola melanolaema, Sel, et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873, p. 186; Sol. P. Z. S.
1873, p. 780 (S. Peru).
Pipreola viridis, Sel. Ann. & Mag. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 469; id.
Ibis, 1878, pp. 166, 167; Scl. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 618
(Bolivia).
Similar to P. melanolaema, but with distinct white ends to the
rectrices.
Hab. S. Peru and Bolivia.
a. 6 ad. sk. Punamarca, Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll.
b, c. 6 ad. sk. Huasampilla, Peru (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. d ? ad. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
f, g. 69 ad, sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
4. Pipreola formosa.
Ampelis formosa, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1849, pp. 275, 493, t. xiv.
Pyrrhorhynchus formosa, Bp. Consp. i. p. 177.
Euchlorornis formosa, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103.
Pipreola formosa, Sel. Ann. & Mag. N. H. ser, 2, xvii. p. 469; id.
Ibis, 1878, pp. 166, 168; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, p. 172, et
1869, p. 252 (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p. 58.
Above bright green ; head black; wings blackish, edged with
15. PIPREOLA. 379
green; outer secondaries tipped with white : beneath yellow, throat
black like the head ; fore-neck scarlet ; flanks green ; under wing-
coverts yellowish white : bill yellowish ; feet plumbeous: whole
length 6-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2:4. Female. Above green, secon-
daries tipped with white : beneath yellowish, with numerous green
lunulations.
Hab. Venezuela.
The yellow belly, blood-red neck, and black throat at once dis-
tinguish this species from others of this group with white endings
to the outer secondaries.
a, b. 3 Qad. sk. Caripé, Venezuela (Goering). Sclater Coll.
c. 6 a.d. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d, e. d ? ad. sk. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela J. Gould, Esq.
(Goering).
f. Qad. sk. Rio Napo, Ecuador. Sclater Coll.
g. 6 a.d. sk. Venezuela. Purchased.
5. Pipreola frontalis.
Euchlornis frontalis, Scl. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 446; id. Ann, & Mag. N. H.
ser. 3, vol. iii. p. 443.
Pipreola frontalis, Scl. Ibis, 1878, pp. 166, 169, pl. vi.; Scl. et. Salv.
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 618 (Bolivia).
Above bright green, growing darker on the head, and almost
black on the front ; outer secondaries with white terminations:
beneath yellow, throat and fore-neck bright scarlet; flanks and
lower belly barred with green; under wing-coverts white, tinged
with yellowish ; bill and feet yellow : whole length 6 inches,
wing 3-4, tail 28. Female. Above green ; slight frontal band
yellowish ; outer secondaries with white terminations: beneath
green; middle of throat yellow, tinged with scarlet ; belly yellowish,
with slight green cross-bars; bill and feet pale brown.
Hab. Bolivia.
a. 6 ad. sk. Pindo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
b, c. 3 Q ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll.
ley).
6. Pipreola sclateri.
Euchlornis sclateri, Cormalia, Contr. Orm. 1852, p. 133, pl. 101; id.
Rev. et Mag. de Zool. 1853, p. 107, pl. 4.
Pipreola Sclateri, Scl. P. Z. S. 1854, p. 113 (Ecuador); id. Ann. &
Mag. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 469; id. Ibis, 1878, pp. 166, 170; Salv.
Ibis, 1874, p. 324; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58; iid. P. Z. S. 1880,
p. 155.
Above green, lores dark; outer secondaries with white ends:
beneath green, throat and breast scarlet; middle of belly pale
yellow ; under wing-coverts white; bill yellowish, with black tip;
380 COTING|IDAE.
feet yellow, with black claws: whole length 4:8 inches, wing 3,
tail 1:8. Female. Above green, secondaries tipped with white ;
beneath green, with numerous yellow undulations ; bill and feet
brown.
Hab. Eastern Ecuador.
This species is easily recognized by its small size and blood-red
breast. This colour is bordered below by green, not yellow as in
P. frontalis.
a, b. 3 ad. ; c, d. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
9 a.d. sk.
e, f. 6 2 ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
g. d ad. ; h. 3 Rio Napo, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq.
jr. sk.
7. Pipreola aureipectus.
Ampelis aureipectus, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 68; id. Mag. de Zool.
1843, pl. 39.
Pyrrhorhynchus aureipectus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 177.
Pipreola aureipectus, Selat. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 153 (Bogota); id. Ann.
& Mag. N. H. ser, 2, xvii. p. 469; id. Cat. A. B. p. 255; id. Ibis,
1878, pp. 166, 171; Sel, et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58; iid, P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 520 (Antioquia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 24 (N.E. Peru).
Euchlorornis aureipectus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 103.
Above bright green; external secondaries slightly tipped with
white ; lores darker : beneath bright green ; throat, breast, and
middle of belly bright yellow ; sides with slight yellow striations :
under wing-coverts yellowish white ; bill yellow ; feet brown :
whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 2-6. Female. Above green,
with white ends to the outer secondaries; beneath green, with slight
yellow striations; bill and feet brown.
Hab. Venezuela and Colombia.
a. 6 a.d. st. Venezuela. E. Dyson [C.].
b, c. 3 & ad. St. Venezuela. Purchased.
d. 9 ad. sk. Caracas, Venezuela (Goering). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. & ad. sk. Venezuela. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f, g. 6 Q ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.
h, i. 6 & ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia, U. S. C. Sclater Coll.
(Salmon).
j. 6 ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq.
8. Pipreola lubomirskii.
Pipreolalubomirskii, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 236, pl.xxii. (N.E. Peru);
id. Orn. Pér. ii p. 377.
Above bright green ; wings blackish, edged with green; top and
sides of head black: beneath yellow, throat and breast black; sides
of breast and flanks green ; under wing-coverts yellowish white;
bill orange; feet brown ; whole length 62 inches, wing 3-6, tail 26.
Hab. Central Peru.
15. PIPREOLA. 381
This species generally resembles P. melanolaema, but has no white
ends to the external secondaries.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Tambillo, Peru (Stolzmann). Sclater Coll.
(Authentic specimen.)
9. Pipreola jucunda.
Pipreola jucunda, Selater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 89, pl. clx. (Ecuador);
td. Cat. A. B. p. 255; id. Ibis, 1878, pp. 166, 171; Sel. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 58; Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S. 1884, p. 298, et 1885, p. 121
(Ecuador).
Above bright green; whole head black; beneath, chin and throat
black; large pectoral patch orange, bordered with black; middle of
belly and crissum bright yellow ; sides of breast and flanks green ;
under wing-coverts sulphur-yellow ; bill yellow : feet brown; whole
length 6-6 inches, wing 3-7, tail 2-6. Female. Above green ;
beneath green, belly flammulated with yellow ; bill pale brown ;
feet dark brown.
Hab. Ecuador.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Cachi Llacta, Ecuador Sclater Coll.
(Fraser). (Type of the species.)
b, c. 6 ad. ; d. 2 Intac, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk
e, f. 3. ad, sk. Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq.
g. & ad. sk. Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
h. Q ad. sk. Ecuador. Salvin-Godman Coll.
`10. Pipreola elegans.
Ampelis elegans, Tsch. Wiegm. Arch. 1843, i. p. 384; id. Fauna Per.,
Aves, p. 135.
Pipreola elegans, Scl. Ann. & Mag. N. H. ser. 2, xvii. p. 469 (1856);
id. Ibis, 1878, p. 172; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 378.
Bright green, rather darker on the head; front, sides of head, and
top of throat black; large pectoral patch yellow, bordered by a
black margin below ; middle of abdomen yellow, sides green ; bill
yellow; feet flesh-colour: whole length 7 inches, wing 38, tail 3:1.
FIab. Central Peru.
Distinguished from P. jucunda by its green head and yellow
breast. I have examined the type of this species in the Museum of
Neuchâtel.
>11. Pipreola whitelyi.
Pipreola whitelyi, Salv. et Godm. Ibis, 1884, p. 449; Salv. Ibis,
1885, p. 304, et 1886, p. 502, pl. xii. (Br. Guiana).
Above cinereous, washed with green except on the head; long
superciliaries and narrow neck-collar at the back of the head golden
yellow ; wings and tail blackish, edged with brownish yellow :
beneath cinereous, with a slight greenish tinge ; broad pectoral
band crimson, passing into golden yellow on the sides; crissum
382 COTING|IDAE.
rufous ; bill scarlet ; feet orange-yellowish : whole length 7 inches,
wing 3-6, tail 2-7. Female. Above olive-green; superciliaries and
sides of neck washed with golden ; wings and tail blackish, with
golden-green margins: beneath pale yellow, covered with numerous
dark green shaft-stripes : crissum yellowish.
FIab. Interior of British Guiana.
This is quite a distinct form, remarkable for its coral-red bill and
bright scarlet pectoral band.
a, b. 3 ad.; c. 2 Mt. Twek-quey, Carimang r., Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. Brit. Guiana (Whitely).
d. 9 ad. sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely). (Types of the species.)
16. COTING.A. T
ype.
Cotinga, Briss, Orn. ii. p. 339 (1760) . . . . . . . . . . . . C. caerulea.
Porphyrolaema, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 5 (1854) C. porphyrolaema.
Hylocosmia, Sund, Av. Meth. Tent. p. 62 (1872) ... C. caerulea.
In Cotinga, the seven or eight known species of which are distri-
buted over the tropical forests of America from Guatemala to Brazil,
the splendid decoration bestowed upon this family of birds reaches
its acme. The green of the last two genera is here replaced by the
most gorgeous tints of blue and purple in the male sex, while the
females have retired into dresses of various shades of brown. In
external structure the chief peculiarity exhibited by Cotinga is the
greater or less acumination of the outer primaries.
Key to the Species.
A. Throat and belly purple-red.
a. Without any breast-band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. caerulea, p. 382.
b. With a blue breast-band.
a'. Breast-band and flanks dark blue . . . . 2, cincta, p. 383.
b'. Breast-band and flanks light blue:
upper tail-coverts long, covering tail 3, amabilis, p. 384.
upper tail-coverts short, not covering
tail. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 º' s a 4 0 & 0 w a 4. ridgwayi, p. 384.
B. Throat purple-red; belly blue.
c. Belly dark blue; throat-patch larger:
without a black belly-patch . . . . . . . . 5, cayana, p. 385.
with a black belly-patch . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. nattereri, p. 385.
d. Belly light blue; throat-patch smaller .. 7. maynana, p. 386.
C. Throat purple-red; belly white . . . . . . . . . . 8, porphyrolaema, p. 886.
1. Cotinga caerulea.
Ampelis cotinga, Linn. S. N. i. p. 298; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 430;
Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 105.
Le Cotinga, Daub. Pl. Enl. 186.
Ampelis caerulea, Vieill. Enc. Meth. p. 760; id. Gal. Ois, i. p. 183,
pl. 116; Cab, in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 693.
Cº. coelestis, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 46 (1841); Bp. Consp. i.
p. 175.
16. cotlNGA. 383
Cotinga caerulea, Sol. Cat. A. B. #. 256; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 132;
Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons); iid. Nomencl.
p. 58; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 305 (Brit. Guiana); id. Cat. Strickl.
Coll. p. 329.
Above bright blue; wings and tail black : beneath bright reddish
purple; sides of belly and crissum blue like the back; under wing-
coverts black; bill and feet black: whole length 7 inches, wing 4-5,
tail 2-6. Female. Above brownish black, with slight whitish
terminal bands on the feathers: beneath ochraceous white, with
dark central spots; under wing-coverts pale reddish ochraceous.
Hab. Cayenne, Guiana, and Rio Negro.
a. 6 a.d. St. Cayenne. Purchased.
5. 6 jr. st. Cayenne. H. C. Rothery, Esq.
P
c, d. 3 ad.; e. Q Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk. (Whitely).
f d ad. ; g. 6 R. Attapurow, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. Var, sk. (W7 itely).
h. 6 a.d.; i, j. Carimang r., Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
6 jr. sk. (Whitely).
k, l, 3 Q ad. sk. Cayenne, Sclater Coll.
m. 3 ad. ; n. 6 S. America. Salvin-Godman Coll.
jr. sk.
o. 3 ad, sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq.
2.*Cotinga cincta.
Cotinga du Bresil, Daub. P. Enl. 188.
Ampelis cincta, Kuhl, Buff. et Daub. Fig. av. col. nom. Syst, p. 4
(1820); Strickl. Ann. N. H. viii. p. 373; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii.
p. 430; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 105.
Cotinga cincta, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 279; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 256; Sel.
et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58; Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 329.
Ampelis superba, Shaw, Nat, Misc. xix. pl. 821.
Ampelis cotinga, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 761; Shaw, Wat. Misc. xix.
pl. 817; Maw. Beitr. iii. p.391.
Cotinga caerulea, Bp. Consp. i. p. 175.
Above bright blue, wings and tail black: beneath bright reddish
purple; a narrow breast-band, sides of the belly, and crissum bright
blue like the back; under wing-coverts black tinged with blue ;
bill and feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 4.7, tail 2-8.
Female. Above blackish, with ochraceous margins to the feathers :
beneath reddish ochraceous, with central black spots to the feathers;
crissum and margins of inner webs of wing-feathers reddish ochra-
CéOllS.
Hab. South-east Brazil.
a. 6 a.d. st. Brazil. Purchased.
b. ? ad. St. Brazil. Sudbury Mus. [E.].
c. 3 jr.i. d. 9 Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad, Sk,
e, f. 6 Qad, sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
g. & ad. sk. Prazil. Salvin–Godman Coll.
h. 3 ad, ; i. 3 Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
jr. sk.
384 COTINGIDAE.
3. Cotinga amabilis.
Cotinga amabilis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 64, pl. cxxiii. (Guatemala);
Sclater, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 252 (S. Mexico); id. Cat. A. B. p. 256;
Sol. et Salv. Ibis, 1859, pp. 4, 5, 125 (Vera Paz); iid. Nomencl.
p. 59; Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. ix. p. 117 (Costa Rica); Frantz.
J. f. O. 1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica).
Ampelis amabilis, Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 253 (Costa Rica).
Above shining blue (lighter than in C. cincta); wings and tail
black, with slight bluish edgings: beneath dark reddish purple;
broad band across the breast, sides of breast, belly, and crissum
blue like the back; bill and feet black : whole length 8 inches,
wing 4-5, tail 2-6. Female. Above blackish, with numerous
whitish terminal spots; wings and tail blackish: beneath greyish
white, with black central shaft-spots; crissum and under-wing-
coverts white.
Hab. Guatemala and Costa Rica.
The broader pectoral band and the reduced size of the purple
belly-patch, besides the lighter shade of the blue, distinguish this
species from C. cincta.
a, b. 3 Q ad. St. Vera Paz. J. Gould, Esq.
c, d. 3 a.d. sk. Choctum, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. 3 a.d.; f. 3 Choctum, Vera Paz. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
Jr. SK.
g. & jr. ; h, 9 Coban, Vera Paz (Salvin). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. Sk.
i. 3 jr. ; j. 2 Vera Paz (Salvin). Sclater Coll.
ad. sk.
k, l. 3 9 a.d.; Guatemala. J. Gould, Esq.
m. º jr. sk. (Types of C. amabilis.)
m. d ad. sk. Guatemala. Sclater Coll.
o, p. 3 jr. sk. Costa Rica (Van Patten). Salvin-Godman Coll.
`4 Cotinga ridgwayi.
Cotinga amabilis, Salvin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 200 (Veragua).
“Cotinga ridgwayi, Zeledon,” Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. 1887, p. 1.
Similar to C. amabilis, but Scapulars and interscapulars more
extensively black centrally ; a black line bordering the base of the
upper mandible, and a black space in front of the eye; purple belly-
patch reduced in size; tail-coverts much shorter. (Ridgway.)
Hab. Western Costa Rica, Veragua, Panama, and Northern
Colombia.
I am a little doubtful as to the specific distinctness of this form,
and should like to see more specimens.
a, b, c Q ad, sk. Bugaba, Chiriqui (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. 3 a.d. sk. C. America (probably Panama). Salvin-Godman Coll.
16. COTINGA. 385
5. Cotinga cayana.
Ampelis cayana, Linn. S. N. i. p. 298; Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 764;
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 429; Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 106.
Cotinga de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Enl. 624.
Cotinga cayana, Bp. Consp. i. p. 175; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 256; Pelz.
Orn. Bras. p. 133; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 191 (R. Ucayali),
1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons), p. 751 (E. Peru), p. 978 (Amazonia),
1873, p. 285 (E. Peru), et 1879, p. 618 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl.
. 59; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 384; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 305 (Brit.
uiana).
Ampelis cayennensis, d'Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 297 (Bolivia).
Above bright shining blue, showing black central spots on some
feathers; wings and tail black, the former more or less edged with
blue: beneath blue as above: whole throat deep reddish purple;
inner webs of secondaries edged with white; bill and feet black:
whole length 8 inches, wing 4-6, tail 3:2. Female. Above dark
greyish, with black centres to the feathers; wings and tail black,
with rufous edgings: beneath paler, belly more or less edged with
rufous: under wing-coverts and inner edgings of wing- and tail-
feathers rufous.
Hab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Amazonia to Eastern Ecuador,
a, b. 3 jr.; c. 2 South America. Purchased.
ad. St.
d, e. d ? ad.; Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. 6 jr. sk. (Whitely).
g, h. 3 Q ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
7. 6 ad. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. 6 a.d. sk. Chyavetas, Eastern Peru Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Bartlett).
k. & ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll.
l. 3 a.d. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
m, n. 6 ad, sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
o. 9 ad. sk. S. America. Salvin–Godman Coll.
p, g. 6 ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq.
r. Q ad, sk. S. America. Sclater Coll.
S–6. Cotinga mattereri.
Ampelis nattererii, Boiss. Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 2.
Cotinga nattereri, Sel. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152.
Similar to C. cayana, but with an abdominal spot, and with the
throat-feathers striped with black (Boiss.).
Hab. Bogota.
I have only females and young of the Bogota bird before me.
These cannot be distinguished from C. cayana. But the adult
male, if correctly described by Boissoneau, must be different.
a. 3 jr. ; b. ? ad. Sk, Bogota. Sclater Coll.
c. 9 ad. Sk, Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
WOL. XIV. 2 C
386 COTINGID ZE.
7. Cotinga maynana,
Ampelis maymana, Linn. S. N. i. p. 298,
Cotinga des Maynas, Daub. Pl. Enl. 229.
Cotinga maymana, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176; Sel. P. Z. S. 1857, p. 265
(Upper Amazons), et 1858, p.71 (Rio Napo); id. Cat. A. B.
p. 256; Pelzeln, Orn. Bras. p. 133; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1873,
. 285 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 59; Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 24
{N .E. Peru); id. Orn, Pér. ii. p. 385.
Above and beneath uniform shining blue; throat, more restricted
than in C. cayama, reddish purple : wings and tail black, edged
with blue; inner webs of the wing-feathers except the apical portion
white; bill and feet black : whole length 7-6 inches, wing 4:4,
tail 3. Female. Above blackish brown, with slight lighter edgings
to the feathers: beneath more rufous, with dark central shaft-spots;
under wing-coverts, inner webs of wing-feathers, and crissum
rufous.
Hab. Upper Amazonia.
The restricted purple of the throat, and the uniform bright shining
blue of the body at once distinguish this splendid species. The
white patch on the under surface of the wings is also much more
strongly developed. In the female this becomes rufous, and serves
to separate this sex from the corresponding sex of C. cayana.
a. G ad. St. S. America. Purchased.
b. 6 ad. sk. Yguitos, Peru. Sclater Coll.
c, d. 3 Q ad. sk. River Ucayali (Haua well). J. Gould, Esq.
e. 6 jr. sk. Chamicuros, Eastern Peru. E. Bartlett [C].
f, g. 69 ad. sk. Pebas, Eastern Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. & ad. sk. Eastern Peru. Sclater Coll.
Ž, j. 3 Q ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. & ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
l, m. d ad. Sk. Napo, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
8:*Cotinga porphyrolaema.
Cotinga porphyrolaema, Scl. et Dev. Rev. Zool. 1852, p. 226; iid.
Contr. Orn, 1852, p. 136, pl.xcvi, ; Des Murs, Zool. Casteln. Voy.,
Ois. p. 65; Sel. et Salv, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 191 (Ucayali), et 1873,
p. 285 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 59; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 386.
Porphyrolaema phygas, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod, p. 5 (1854).
Above black; slight margins to feathers of back, tips of middle
wing-coverts, and Outer webs of external primaries white : beneath
white, throat purple, breast slightly stained with purple ; under
wing-coverts white; bill and feet black: whole length 7 inches,
wing 3-9, tail 2:8. Female. Above dull blackish, with numerous
light brown specks and cross bars: beneath ferruginous brown, with
narrow transverse black bars; under wing-coverts, inner webs of
wing- and tail-feathers, and Grissum pale ferruginous.
Hab. Upper Amazonia and Eastern Ecuador.
a, b. 3 SP ad. st. River Ucayali. J. Gould, Esq.
c, d. 3 Q ad, sk. River Ucayali (Haua well). J. Gould, Esq.
17. XIPHOLENA. 387
8. i jr. ; f. 2 ad. Sarayacu, Ucayali (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
SBC,
g. Ó ad. sk. Samiria, Upper Amazons Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Haua well).
h. & ad. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Sclater Coll.
8, j. 6 a.d. sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
17. XIIPHOLENA,
Xipholena, Gloger, Hand-w, Hilfsb. d. Nat. p. 320
(1842) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X. pompadora.
Type.
In the three species of Xipholena the males attain a further
ornamentation by the production and modification of the upper
wing-coverts and the thickening and hardening of their stems.
One of these remarkable birds is peculiar to Guiana, a second to
Lower Amazonia, and the third to S.E. Brazil. In Upper Amazonia
this form does not appear to occur.
Key to the Species,
A. Tail dark like the back.
Plumage crimson-purple; upper wing-
coverts much lengthened. . . . . . . . . . 1. pompadora, p. 387.
Plumage dark purple; upper wing-
coverts slightly lengthened . . . . . . . . 2. atro-purpurea, p. 388.
B. Tail pure white; upper wing-coverts ex-
cessively lengthened. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. lamellipennis, p. 389.
1. Xipholena pompadora.
Ampelis pompadora, Linn. S. N. i. p. 218; Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 764;
Hahn, Vög. aus Asien, Lief. ix. pl. 3.
Cotinga pourpre de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Enl. 279.
Cotinga pompadora, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 279.
Xipholena pompadora, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 233; d. in
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 693; Bp. Consp. i. p. 176; Cab. et Hein. Mus.
Hein. ii. p. 106; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 256; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 133;
Scl. et Salv. Ev. Orn. p. 9; iid, P. Z. S. 1867, º (L. Amazons);
ãd. Womencl. p. 59; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 305 (Brit. Guiana).
Above and beneath shining reddish purple; wings white; pri-
maries tipped with black; tail white at the base; upper wing-
coverts elongated, lanceolate, and with the stems thickened; bill dark
brown; feet black: whole length 7-5 inches, wing 5, tail 3. Female.
Above cinereous; wings darker, and with white edgings to the
coverts and outer secondaries: beneath paler, belly whitish ; under
wing-coverts white.
Hab. Guiana, Surinam, and Cayenne,
a, b, c ad, ; c. 92 British Guiana. R. Geogr. Soc. [P.].
ad. St.
d, e. d ? ad. St. Cayenne. H. g. Rothery, Esq.
[P.].
2 c 2
388 COTINGID ZE.
f, g, d ? ad, ; Bartica Grove, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. & jr. sk. (Whitely).
2, 6 a.d. sk. R. Attāpurow, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
.j, k, 9 a.d. sk. Camacusa, British Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
l. 3 ad, sk. Maroni River, Surinam (Kap- Salvin-Godman Coll.
pler).
m. & ad. ; n. 6 Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
jr. sk.
o, p. 3 Q ad, sk. Cayenne. Salvin–Godman Coll.
q, d ad. sk. Cayenne. H. C. Rothery, Esq.
[P.].
T. & ad. sk. S. America. Salvin–Godman Coll.
8, t. & Q ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq.
w. & ad. war, sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq.
2. Xipholema atropurpurea.
Ampelis atropurpurea, Maw. Reis. n. Bras. i. p. 262 (1820).
Ampelis purpurea, Licht. Doubl. p. 57 (1823); Maw. Beitr. iii. p. 397;
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 428.
Cotinga purpurea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 279.
Xipholena atropurpurea, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 257;
Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 59; iid. Ev. Orn. p. 9, pl. v.
Xipholena purpurea, Cab. Wiegm. Arch. 1847, pt. i. p. 233; Cab. et
Bein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 106.
Above and beneath dark vinaceous purple; wings white, pri-
maries tipped with black; wing-coverts slightly elongated and
thickened; under wing-coverts white; bill dark brown; feet black:
whole length 7-5 inches, wing 4.4, tail 2-6. Female. Above
cinereous, with more or less whitish edgings to the rump-feathers;
wings and tail dark brown ; external secondaries and wing-coverts
margined with white : beneath paler, belly whitish; under wing-
coverts and under surface of wings white,
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
In this darker species the adult male never exhibits the develop-
ment of the upper wing-coverts shown in C. pompadora and C.
lamellipennis.
a, d jr. st. Bahia, Brazil. Sudbury Mus. [E].
b, c. 6 Q ad, sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Craven). Sclater Coll.
d. 6 jr. sk. Pernambuco, Brazil (Forbes), Salvin-Godman Coll.
e—g. & ad. sk. Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. 3 * i,j. 6 Bahia, Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
Jr. SK. w *
k, G ad. ; l.c5 jr. Brazil, Sclater Coll.
sk.
'm. 6 a.d. sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
m. & ad. sk. I3razil. Purchased.
(). i jr.; p. Q ad, Brazil. M. Claussen [P.].
S
18. CARPODECTEs. 389
3. Xipholena lamellipennis.
Ampelis lamellipennis, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1839, Ois, pl. 9.
Xipholena lamellipennis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176; Scl. Cat. A. B. p. 257;
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 133; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 580 (L.
Amazons); iid. Ev. Orn. p. 10; iid. Womencl. p. 59.
Above and beneath very dark purple; wings white, without black
tips; tail pure white; upper wing-coverts highly developed, and
extending over the wing ; bill dark brown ; feet black: whole length
7-5 inches, wing 4-5, tail 29.
Hab. Lower Amazonia (near Pará).
The white tail and excessive development of the wing-coverts at
Once distinguish this fine species.
a. G ad. St. Brazil. E. Wilson, Esq.[P.].
b. G. ad. sk. Pará, Brazil (Natterer). Sclater Coll.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Pará, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. 6 a.d. sk. South America. Sclater Coll.
e. 6 a.d. sk. South America. Salvin–Godman Coll.
f. 6 ad, sk. South America. J. Gould, Esq.
18. CARPODECTES. Typ
Carpodectes, Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 583 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. nitidus.
The strong beak, long wings, and Snow-white plumage render
this peculiar Central-American type of the Cotingidae easily recog-
nizable.
Key to the Species.
A. Bill plumbeous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. mitidus, p. 389.
B. Bill yellow, culmen black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. antoniae, p. 389.
1st Carpodectes nitidus.
Carpodectes nitidus, Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 583, pl. xxxvi. (Costa
Rica); id. Ibis, 1872, p. 313 (Nicaragua); Lawr. Ann. Lye. N. Y.
viii. p. 183 (Nicaragua), ix. p. 117 (Costa Rica); Frantz, J. f. O.
1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica); Sel. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 58; Boucard,
P. Z. S. 1878, p. 65 (Costa Rica); Ridgw. P. U.S. N. M. i. p. 255
(Costa Rica).
Snow-white, upper parts tinged with greyish, especially on the
head; bill plumbeous; feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 5-5,
tail 2-8.
Hab. Eastern Costa Rica and Nicaragua.
a. Ad, sk. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll. (Type
of genus and species.)
~ 2." Carpodectes antoniae.
Carpodectes antoniae, Ridgw. Ibis, 1884, p. 27, pl. ii.; id. P. U.S. N. M.
vi. p. 410, et X. p. 20.
Like C. nitidus, but rather smaller; bill yellow, with a black line
along the culmen; crown paler.
Hab. Western Costa Rica.
390 COTINGIDAE.
19. DOLIORNIS. Type
Doliornis, Tacz, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 135 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T). Sclateri.
This monotype of Central Peru is allied to Heliochera, but has a
smaller and much more compressed bill, and the outer primaries
not acuminated.
1. Doliornis sclateri.
Doliornis sclateri, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 136, 541, pl.xx. (C. Peru);
id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 384.
Above dark brownish cinereous; feathers of head elongated,
black, with a large half-concealed medial patch of bright cinnamon-
red; sides of head and nape cinereous; wings and tail blackish,
slightly edged with cinereous brown; beneath brown, throat cine-
reous; crissum bright reddish cinnamon; under wing-coverts brownish
grey; bill and feet black: whole length 7-8 inches, wing 4, tail 37.
Hab. Central Peru.
a. 3 ad, sk. Maraynioc, Central Peru (Jelski). Sclater Coll. (Type of
the genus and species.)
20. HELIOCHERA.
* * * * * Type.
Heliochera, de Filippi, Cat. Mus. Mediol, Av. p. 31
(1847). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H. rubrocristata.
The two known species of this crested group have a short,
strong, but much widened bill, rather strong feet of the normal
Cotingine form, and the two first primaries acuminated. Their
range extends from Venezuela through Colombia and Ecuador
to Peru and Bolivia.
Key to the Species.
A. Throat grey: bend of wing blackish; tail-
band white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. rubrocristata, p. 380.
B. Throat and bend of wing red; no tail-band. . 2, rufaavilla, p. §.
1. Heliochera rubrocristata.
Ampelis rubrocristata, d'Orb, et Lafr. Syn. Av. i. p. 39; d'Orb. Voy.,
Ois, p. 297, pl. 31, fig, 1 (Bolivia).
Ampelis rufocristata, Boiss, Rev. Zool. 1840, p. 3 (Bogota).
Ampelion rubrocristatus, Cab. in Tsch. Fawn. Per., Aves, p. 137;
Selater, P. Z. S. 1855, p. 152 (Bogota), 1858, p. 553 (Ecuador), et
1860, pp. 78, 89 ū. *
Carpornis rubrocristata, Bp. Consp. i. p. 176.
Ampelion rufocristatus, Burm. Syst, Ueb. ii. p. 433,
Heliochera rubrocristata, De Filippi, Att. So, Ital. 1846, p. 449; Cab.
et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 104; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 255; Scl. et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 781 &enezuela), 1874, p. 678 (S. Peru), 1879,
20. HELIOCHERA. 391
p. 520 (Antioquia) et p. 618 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 58; Wyatt,
Ibis, 1871, p. 334 (Colombia); Tacz, P. Z. S. 1874, p. 540 (C. Peru),
1879, p. 237, et 1880, p. 203 (N. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 381;
Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 318 (Bucaramanga); Berl. et Tacz. P. Z. S.
1884, p. 298, et 1885, p. 93 (Ecuador).
Above cinereous; rump black, striped with white; head black,
with an elongated vertical crest of dark chestnut ; wings black, with
brownish edgings; tail black, lateral rectrices with a large square
white blotch on the inner webs near the tail-end, forming a trans-
verse band: beneath cinereous, varied with white on the middle of
the belly and crissum ; bill with the base chalky white, apex plum-
beous; feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 4-6, tail 3-6.
Female. Without the red crest ; above blackish brown, variegated
with white stripes; head and wings brown; tail blackish, with a
white bar across the lower end, as in the male : beneath blackish,
abdomen greenish white, with numerous blackish stripes.
Hab. Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.
2. Heliochera rufaxilla.
a, b. 3 ad. St. Bogota. Purchased.
c. 6 a.d. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
d, e. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. 6 a.d. sk. Bogota. Purchased.
g, h. 3 Q ad. sk. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Salvin-Godman Coll.
U. S. C. (Simons).
2. c ad, sk. Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Sclater Coll.
-*- U. S. C. (Simons).
j. Ad, sk. Medellin, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin–Godman Coll.
k. Q ad. sk. Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
l, m. Ad. sk. San Lucas, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n. 3 jr. sk. Matos, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll.
o. 6 jr. sk. Yauayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin–Godman Coll.
p. º sk. Vicinity of Quito, Ecuador. Salvin–Godman Coll.
q, r. & ad. sk. Quito, Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq.
s, Jr. sk. Ecuador. Salvin–Godman Coll.
Ampelis rufaxilla, Tsch, Fawn, Per., Aves, t. vii, fig. 1.
Ampelion rufaxilla, Cab, in Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 137.
Heliochera rufaxilla, Sel. et Salv, Nomencl. p. 58; iid, P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 520 (Antioquia); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 237, et 1882, p. 24;
Žd. Orn. Pér, ii. p. 383.
Above olivaceous grey, with obscure dark shaft-spots; front and
sides of crown blackish; large occipital crest and sides of head bright
chestnut; wings and tail black, with slight brownish edgings;
bend of the wing and smaller upper wing-coverts bright chestnut:
beneath, throat and fore-neck chestnut: breast olivaceous grey;
abdomen yellow, with strongly-marked black shaft-spots; bill and
feet black: whole length 8 inches, wing 4.5, tail 3. Female
similar (?).
Hab. Peru and Colombia.
392 COTINGIDAE.
a. Q ad. Sk, Santa Elena, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
&. 6 a.d. sk. Retiro, Antioquia, U. S.C. (Sal- Salvin-Godman Coll.
mon).
c. Ad, sk. Medellin, Antioquia, U. S. C. T. K. Salmon [C.].
d. Qad.; e. Ad. Antioquia, U. S. C. (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
sk.
21. IODOPLEURA, Type.
Iodopleura, Less, Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 45 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. pipra.
Iodopleura and its near ally Calyptura have been usually asso-
ciated with the Pipridae, but appear to have a pycnaspidean tarsus,
and should, therefore, in consonance with Sundevall's views, be
deemed to be diminutive forms of the Cotingidae.
The Iodopleurae are only found in South America, extending from
Colombia through Amazonia to Cayenne and S.E. Brazil. The
ornamental tuft of violet feathers on each side of the breast is the
characteristic feature of this genus.
Key to the Species.
A. Throat pale rufous:
}; grey like the back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. pºpra, p. 392.
rump white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. leucopygia, p. 393.
B. Throat white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. isabella, p. 393.
C. Throat sooty brown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, fusca, p. 393.
1. Iodopleura pipra.
Pardalotus pipra, Less. Cent. Zool, pl. 26; id. Tr. d’Orn, i. p. 455.
* aurora, Sundev, K. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1833, p. 312, pl. 11.
g. 5.
Iodºpleura pipra, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 45 (1841); Cab. in Schomb.
Guian. iii. p. 697; Des Murs, Icon. Orn. pl. 71, fig. 2; Bo. Consp. i.
p. 171; Burm. Syst. Ueb. iii. p. 465; Solater, P. Z. S. 1857, p.266;
7d. Cat. A. B. p. 246; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 90; Scl, et
Salv. Womencl. p. 59; Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 89.
Euphone modesta, Licht, in Mus. Berol.
Above cinereous, head rather darker, almost black; wings and
tail blackish, with brownish margins: beneath grey, with numerous
white cross bars; throat, lower belly, and crissum pale reddish
ochraceous; on each side of the breast a small elongated tuft of
bright violet feathers; under wing-coverts white; bill and feet
black: whole length 3-5 inches, wing 2-3, tail 1-3. Female similar,
but head not so dark, and without the violet tufts on the flanks.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a, b. 6 Qad. st. Brazil. Purchased.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Rio de Janeiro Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Youds).
d, e. d ? ad, ; Brazil. Sclater Coll.
f. Jr. sk. t
g. 6 ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll,
h. Sº ad, sk. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
21. IODOPLEURA. 393
2. Iodopleura leucopygia. (Plate XXVI.)
Iodopleura leucopygia, Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 305 (Brit. Guiana).
Similar to I. pipra, but with a narrow white bar across the rump,
and cap hardly darker than the back.
Hab. British Guiana.
a, b. Ad, sk. British Guiana (Whitely). Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Types of the species.)
3. Iodopleura isabellae.
Iodopleura isabellae, Parzud. Rev. Zool. 1847, p. 186; Des Murs,
Icon. Orn, pl. 71. fig. 1; Bp. Consp. i. p. 171; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1857,
p. 266 (U. Amazons); id. Cat. A. B. p. 247; Cab. et Hein. Mus.
Bein. ii. p. 90; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 579 (L. Amazons),
p. 758 (E. Peru), et 1873, p. 285 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl. p. 59;
Layard, Ibis, 1873, p. 385 (Para); Tacz. P. Z. S. 1882, p. 24
(N.E. Peru); id. Orn, Pér. ii. p. 388.
Iodopleura guttata, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 45 °
Iodopleura emiliae, Des Murs, Icon. Orn. Sub tab. 71 (err.).
Above dark Smoky brown; lores, superciliaries, and bar across the
rump white : beneath rather paler smoky brown, with black shaft-
spots on the flanks; throat, middle line of breast, and lower belly
white ; large patch of elongated plumes on each side of the breast
bright bluish violet; under wing-coverts white; bill and feet black:
whole length 4-2 inches, wing 3, tail 1:5. Female similar, but
without the lateral violet tufts.
Hab. Upper and Lower Amazonia and Ecuador.
The larger size, the white colour below, and the larger bluish
violet tufts distinguish this fine species.
a, b. 3 Q ad. St. Venezuela (P). Purchased.
c. 3 ad. sk. Rio Tocantins (Wallace). Sclater Coll.
d. & ad. sk. Xeberos, Eastern Peru (Bartlett). Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. Q ad. ; f. Xeberos, E. Peru (Bartlett), Sclater Coll.
Pull. sk.
g, h. 3 Q ad. sk. Chamicuros, E. Peru. E. Bartlett [C.].
7. 9 ad. sk. Pebas, Peru (Haua well). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. G ad. sk. Peru. Sclater Coll.
k, l. 6 & ad. sk. Rio * Ecuador (Buck- Salvin-Godman Coll.
!ey).
4. Iodopleura fusca.
Ampelis fusca, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. viii. p. 162 (1817).
Iodopleura fusca, Salv. Cat. Strickl. Coll, p. 330; id. Ibis, 1885,
p. 305 (Brit. Guiana).
Pipra laplacii, Gerv. Mag. Zool. 1836, cl. ii. pl. 68.
Iodopleura laplacii, Sel. et Salo. Nomencl. p. 59.
Above dull black, with a snow-white bar across the rump; beneath
smoky brown; middle of belly and crissum white; a bluish-violet
tuft of elongated feathers on each side of the breast ; under wing-
394 COTINGIDAE.
coverts white; bill and feet black: whole length 4-2 inches, wing 3-4,
tail 1:5. Female similar, but without the violet lateral tufts.
Hab. Guiana and Cayenne.
Smaller than I. isabellae, and at once recognizable by its brown
throat and black upper surface.
a, b. 3 Q ad. sk. Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
c. 6 a.d. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
d. 6 ad, sk. Demerara. J. Gould, Esq.
e. & ad. sk. South America. Purchased.
22. CALYPTURA. Type
Calyptura, Sw, Faun. Bor.-Am. ii. p. 491 (1831) . . . . . . C. cristata.
This curious little bird deserves closer examination, although I
have little doubt that Iodoplewra is its not remote ally. It has,
however, shorter wings, shorter tail, and a Tyrannine plumage. It
is peculiar to South-eastern Brazil.
1. Calyptura cristata.
Pardalotus cristatus, Vieill. Nouv. Dict. xxiv. p. 528; id. Ene. Méth.
p. 511; Less. Tr. d’Orn. i. p. 455.
Calyptura cristata, Sw. Orn. Dr. pl. 24; id. Class. B. ii. p. 254; BP.
Consp. i. p. 175; Burm, Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 448; Cab. et IIein. Mus.
Hein. ii. p. 90; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 247; Cab. J. f. O. 1874, p. 89
(Cantagallo); Scl. et Salv. Womencl. p. 59.
Pipra tyrannulus, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 940.
Above greenish yellow ; front and rump pure yellow ; head
crested, scarlet with a black border; wings and tail dull blackish,
edged with greenish yellow; tips of two rows of coverts and margins
of outer secondaries white : beneath yellow, brighter on lower
belly; under wing-coverts white; bill and feet black: whole length
3 inches, wing 1-9, tail 1. Female similar.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a. CŞ ad. St. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
b. Ad. sk. Novo Fribourgo, Brazil (Youds). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. |Brazil. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
e. 6 a.d. sk. South America. J. Gould, Esq.
Subfamily VI. GYMNODERINAE.
These are exaggerated forms of the Cotingidae, in which develop-
ments of colour, size, and ornamental appendages have been pushed
to their extreme limits. Whether they should all stand together as
a separate group is doubtful, especially as regards the last two
genera (Sect. B), which might, perhaps, be better placed with the
typical Cotinginae. But this and many other points must be left to
23. HZEMATODERUS. 395
be settled when opportunities shall have been obtained for a more
accurate examination of the structure of these birds. iº
The Gymnoderinae range from Costa Rica down to Brazil and
Bolivia.
Key to the Genera.
A. Rictal bristles strongly developed; gape
Ilal’I’OW €I’.
a. Lores densely feathered.
a'. No throat-wattle or crest on head.
a". Nostrils covered by plumes . . . . . . 23. HAEMATODERUS,
b". Nostrils exposed. [p. 395.
Bill short, widened . . . . . . . . . . 24. QUERULA, p. 396.
Bill longer, compressed . . . . . . 25, PyRoDERUS, p. 397.
ô'. With a throat-wattle, and crested [p. 398.
head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26. CEPHALOPTER Us,
b. Lores denuded. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27. GYMNOCEPHALUS,
B. Rictus smooth : gape wider. [p. 401.
Lores plumed: culmen elevated . . . . 28. GYMNODERUS, p. 402.
| Lores denuded: bill much flattened. . 29. cº,
p. 403.
23. HAEMATODERUS.
Type.
Haematoderus, Bp. Ann. Sc. Wat. Sér. 4, Zool. t. i.
p. 134 (1854) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PI, militaris.
This splendid type, remarkable for its gorgeous colour and
elongated plumes, is found only in the Guianas and Lower Ama-
ZOIllà.
1. Haºmatoderus militaris.
Coracias militaris, Lath. Ind. Orn. Suppl. p. xxvii.
Querula rubra, Vieill. Wouv. Dict. viii. p. 161; id. Enc. Méth. p. 768.
Querula purpurea, Less, Tr. d’Orn. i. p. 362.
Querula militaris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 179.
Threnoëdus militaris, Cab, in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 690.
Haematoderus militaris, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 107; Scl. Cat.
A. B. p. 257; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 134; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867,
p. 580 (L. Amazonia); iid. Nomencl. p. 59; Salv, Ibis, 1885,
p. 305 (Brit. Guiana).
Above and beneath deep crimson-red ; feathers of head, neck,
rump, and breast elongated and narrowed; wings and tail sooty-
brown ; bill reddish; feet black: whole length 13 inches, wing 8-7,
tail 5:3. Female rather smaller, above sooty-brown; head and
body beneath crimson.
Bab. Guiana, Cayenne, and Lower Amazonia.
a-c, & ad. ; South America. Purchased.
d. 9 ad. St.
e, f. 6 9 ad, sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
g, d jr. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. 3 ad. sk. Amazons (Bates). Salvin-Godman Coll.
396
COTINGIDAE.
Querula, Vieill. Analyse, p. 37 (1816
24. QUERULA.
Type
tº tº tº it dº tº A. rubicollis.
Threnoëdus, Gloger, Hand-w, Hilfsb, Nat, p. 319 (1842) A. rubricollis.
This is again a monotype, but more widely extended, ranging
over the Guianas, Amazonia, Colombia, and up to Costa Rica.
It is
a smaller form than Haematoderus, and has the nostrils exposed.
1: Querula cruenta.
Gobe-Mouche noir à gorge pourpre de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Enl. 381.
Muscicapa cruenta, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Eml. p. 23.
Querula cruenta, Sel. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 153 (Bogota): id. Cat. A. B.
p. 257; Lawr. Ann, Lyc, N. Y. vii. p. 296 (Panama), et ix. p. 117
(Costa Rica); Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1864, p. 362 (Panama), 1866,
p. 191 (R. Ucayali), 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons), 1873, p. 285 (E.
Peru), et 1879,
p. 520 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl. p. 59; Frantz.
J. f. O. 1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica); Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 134; Tacz.
Orn. Pér. ii. p. 389; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 305 (Br. Guiana).
Muscicapa rubricollis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 933.
Muscicapa porphyrobroncha, Shaw, Nat. Misc. ii. pl. 63.
Querula rubricollis, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 768; id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 181,
pl. 115; Less. Tr. d. Orm. i. p. 363; Bp. Consp. i. p. 179; Sclater,
P. Z. S. 1857, p. 265 (Upper Amazons).
Coracina rubricollis, Temm. Tabl. Méth. p. 20.
Threnoedus rubricollis, Cab. in Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 691.
Threnoedus cruentus, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 107.
Above and beneath dull black, broad neck-collar formed of
elongated feathers dark crimson-red ; bill dark plumbeous; feet
black: whole length 10 inches, wing 7, tail 4'5.
Female similar,
but uniform black, without the crimson neck-collar.
Hab. Guiana, Amazonia, Ecuador, Colombia, and Central America
to Costa Rica.
a. G ad. St.
b, c. 6 Q ad. sk.
d. & ad. sk.
e. & ad. sk.
j, g, d ? ad, sk.
h. 3 ad, sk.
i. Q ad. sk.
j, k d ? ad. sk.
l. 3 ad, sk.
on. 3 a.d. sk.
m. & ad. sk.
o. 3 a.d. sk.
p, q, 3 Q ad. sk.
r. Q ad. sk.
S. 6 a.d. sk.
t. 3 a.d. sk.
Demerara.
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Cayenne.
Cayenne.
Chamicuros, Eastern Peru
(Hawawel).
River Ucayali (Haua well).
Eastern Peru (Haua well).
Sarayagu, Ecuador (Buckley).
Balzar Mts., Ecuador (Illing-
worth).
Vicinity of Medellin, Antio-
quia (Salmon).
Nichi, Antioquia (Salmon).
Bogota.
Panama (McLeannan).
Panama (McLeannan).
Montaña del Vermejo, Vera-
gua (Arcé).
Angostura, Costa Rica (Car-
miol).
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Purchased.
J.Gould, Esq.
J. Gould, Esq.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Purchased.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
25. PYRODERUS. 397
25. PYRODERUS #.
Type.
Coracina, Temm. Pl. Col. livr. 7 (1823). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. scutatus.
Pyroderus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 38 (1840) . . . . . . . . . . . . P. Scutatus.
The three forms of this genus, which are found in S.E. Brazil,
Colombia, and Venezuela, are not very distinct. The bill is longer
and stronger than in Haematoderus, but not so Crow-like as in the
two next genera. The feet are also large and robust.
Key to the Species.
A. Belly black, with slight chestnut spots.
Larger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. Scutatus, p. 397.
• * * * * * * * * is e º e º s = e s e e º ſº e º s e º a º º 2. granadensis, p. 398.
is e º e º e º 'º $ tº e is . . . . . . 8. orenocensis, p. 398.
1. Pyroderus scutatus.
Coracias scutata, Shaw, Mus. Lev. p. 199; id. Gen. Zool. vii. p. 401.
Urraca degollada, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 260.
Coracina rubricollis, Vieill. Nouv. Dict, viii. p. 7; id. Enc. Méth.
, 771.
Aºi. sanguinicollis, Licht. Doubl. p. 56.
Coracina scutata, Temm. Pl. Col. 40; Mac. Beitr. iii. p. 406;
Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 275; Burm, Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 417.
Pyroderus scutatus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 38 (1840); Bp. Consp. i.
p. 178; Cab. et Hein, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 109; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 259;
Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 135; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 306 㺠; Sel.
et Salv, Nomencl. p. 60; Berl. J. f. O. 1873, p. 267 (S. Brazil); Cab.
J. f. O. 1874, p. 90 (Cantagallo); Berl. et Jher. Zeitschr. ges. Orn.
1885, p. 141 (Rio Gr, do Sul).
Above and beneath dull black, with slight metallic reflections upon
the margins of some of the feathers; throat and fore-neck, not
including the chin, crimson; a few shaft-spots on the middle of the
belly, and under wing-coverts dull chestnut ; bill plumbeous; feet
black: whole length 18 inches, wing 9-5, tail 6-5. Female similar ,
but rather smaller, and neck-band not so bright.
Hab. South-east Brazil and Paraguay.
I have never seen specimens of this form from Guiana. Thre-
močdus rubricollis of Cabanis, quoted by Mr. Salvin (Ibis, 1885,
p. 306) as possibly referable to this bird, belongs to Querula cruenta.
a, b. Ad. St. Brazil. Purchased.
c. 9 a.d. st. Brazil. J. Gould, Esq.
d. 3 a.d. sk. Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner). Salvin-Godunan Coll.
e. P ad. sk. Brazil. Sclater Coll.
f. Ad. i. 9. CŞ Brazil. Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad, sk.
* Refer also to
~ Pyroderus masoni, Ridgw. Auk, iii. p. 333 (1886); from the interior of
Venezuela.
398 COTINGIDAE,
2. Pyroderus granadensis.
Coracina granadensis, Lafº. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 277.
Pyroderus granadensis, Bp. Consp. p. 178; Scl. P. Z. S. 1855, p. 153
(Bogota); id. Cat. A. B. p. 259; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii.
p. IO9; Wyatt, Ibis, 1871, p. 334 (Colombia); Sel, et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 60; Tacz. Orn, Pér, ii. p. 392.
Pyroderus scutatus granadensis, Berl. J. f. O. 1884, p. 306 (Bucara-
manga).
Similar to P. scwtatus, but smaller: whole length 14 inches,
wing 8-5, tail 5.
Hab. Colombia.
a. Ad. St. Colombia. Purchased.
b. Ad. sk. Bogota. Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. Ad. sk. Bogota. Sclater Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Bogota. J. Gould, Esq.
e, d ad. sk. Colombia. Salvin–Godman Coll.
3. Pyroderus orenocensis.
Coracina orenocensis, Lafr. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 277.
Pyroderus orenocensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 178; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.
ii. p. 109; Sol, Cat. A. B. p. 259; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1869, p. 252
(Venezuela), et 1879, p. 520 (Antioquia); iid. Nomencl. p. 60.
Above dull black : beneath, throat and neck dark Crimson; belly
and under wing-coverts more or less covered by large terminal
spots of brownish chestnut; lower belly and crissum dull black;
bill dark plumbeous; feet black: whole length 14.5 inches, wing
9, tail 6. Female similar, but rather smaller, and throat not quite
so bright.
Plab. Venezuela and Colombia.
In Venezuelan specimens of this bird, the chestnut on the belly is
more extended than in those collected in Antioquia by Salmon,
which are intermediate between this form and P. granadensis.
a. Ad. St. South America. E. Wilson, Esq. §
b. Ad. sk. IPuerto Cabello, Venezuela Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Goering).
c. Ad. sk. Venezuela. Sclater Coll.
d, e. Q ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Salmon). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Concordia, Antioquia (Salmon). Sclater Coll.
g. Ad. sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq.
26. CEPHALOPTERUS. Type
Cephalopterus, Geoffr. Ann. d. Mus. xiii. p. 235 (1809) . . C. ornatus.
The extraordinary pendulous throat-wattle and the remarkable
form of the crest distinguish this very singular genus, which is
peculiar to certain districts of Amazonia, Ecuador, and Central
America. For an account of the habits of this bird see Mr. Wallaco's
article (P. Z. S. 1850, p. 206).
26. CEPHALOPTERUs. 399
Key to the Species.
A. Throat not denuded: throat-wattle feathered.
Throat-wattle short, flattened . . . . . . . . . . 1. ornatus, p. 309.
Throat-wattle long, cylindrical . . . . . . . . 2. pendulger, p. 310.
B. Throat denuded: wattle naked, with a feathered
tuft at the end . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. glabricollis, p. 310.
13 Cephalopterus ornatus.
Cephalopterus ornatus, Geoffr. Ann, d. Mus. xiii. p. 238, pl. 17; d’Orb.
Voy., Ois. p. 296; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 141; Cab. in Schomb.
Guian. iii. p. 691; Bp. Consp. i. p. 178; Wallace, P. Z. S. 1850,
p. 206; Solater, P. Z. S. 1857, pp. 18 (Bogota) et 265 (U. Amazons),
1858, p. 71 (Rio Napo); id. Cat. A. B. p. 259; Cab. et Hein. Mus.
Hein. ii. p. 110; Sel. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 191 (Ucayali), 1867,
p. 581 (L. Amazons), et p. 751 (E. Peru), 1873, p. 286 (E. Peru),
1879, p. 618 (Bolivia); iid. Nomencl. p. 60; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 135; id. Ibis, 1875, p. 331 (Spanish Guiana); Tacz. P. Z. S.
1874, p. 541 (C. Peru), et 1882, p. 24 (N.E. Peru); id. Orn. Pér. ii.
p. 391; Tacz. et Berl. P. Z. S. 1885, pp. 94, 121 (Ecuador); Salv.
Ibis, 1885, p. 306 (Brit. Guiana).
Coracina cephaloptera, Vieill, Nouv. Dict. viii. p. 5; id. Enc. Méth.
p. 772; id. Gal. Ois. i. p. 179, pl. 114; Temm. Pl, Col. 255.
Coracina ornata, Spic, Av. Bras. i. p. 63, pl. 59; Burm. Syst. Ueb.
ii. p. 420.
Above and beneath black, with greenish metallic reflections upon
the crest, back, and throat-wattle; stems of the frontal plumes
white; throat-wattle 3 to 6 inches in length, densely feathered and
expanded; bill dark plumbeous; feet black; whole length 18 inches,
wing 11, tail 7. Female similar in form but smaller, and mostly of
a brownish black; throat-Wattle very small.
Hab. Guiana and Amazonia, extending southwards to Matto-
Grosso and Bolivia, and westwards to Ecuador.
In specimens of this bird from Eastern Ecuador the throat-wattle
is much elongated, but does not attain to the dimensions of C.
penduliger of Western Ecuador. In Bolivian specimens the throat-
wattle is short, as in the typical Amazonian bird.
a, b. 3 Q ad. St. S. America. Purchased.
c. 9 ad. St. Rrazil (?). Purchased.
d. Q ad, sk. Colombia. Sclater Coll.
e. & ad. Sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
f, g. 6 Q ad. sk. San José, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h. 6 ad. sk. Rio Javari. J. Gould.
8. Q ad. sk. Upper Amazons. Purchased.
j. 6 ad, sk. Matto-Grosso, Brazil (Natterer). Salvin-Godman Coll.
k. Q ad, sk. Eng, do Gama, Brazil (Nat- Salvin-Godman Coll.
terer).
l, m. & Q ad. sk. Tilotilo, Yungas, Bolivia Salvin–Godman Coll.
(Buckley).
n. Q ad. sk. Huacahamache, Bolivia J. Gould, Esq.
(D. Forbes, Aug. 1862).
o. 3 Q ad. sk. South America. J. Gould, Esq.
p. Skeleton. U. S. of Colombia. Purchased.
400 COTINGIDAE,
2. Cephalopterus penduliger.
Cephalopterus penduliger, Sclater, Ibis, 1859, p. 114, pl. 3; id.
P. Z. S. 1859, p. 142, et 1860, pp. 67, 92 (Ecuador); id. Cat.
A. B. p. 259; Sel, et Salv. Womencl. p. 60; Tacz, et Berl. P. Z. S.
1883, p. 560, 1884, p. 298, et 1885, p. 121 (Ecuador).
Above and beneath uniform black, with metallic reflections upon
the back, crest, and throat-Wattle ; stems of frontal feathers black;
under wing-coverts and inner margins of basal portion of wing
white; bill dark plumbeous; feet black: whole length 16 inches,
wing 10, tail 5. Female similar but Smaller, and throat-wattle
not so long.
Hab. Western Ecuador.
The Umbrella-bird of Western Ecuador is distinguished by the
enormous length of the pendulous feathered throat-wattle, which in
Buckley's male specimen from Pallatanga measures 13 inches.
Besides this the under wing-coverts are pure white, being either
black or slightly freckled with white in C. ornatus.
a. 6 ad. St. Pallatanga, Ecuador. L. Fraser [C.].
b, c. 3 Q ad, sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Fraser). Sclater Coll. (Types
of the species.)
e, c ad, sk. Pallatanga, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
& ad. sk. Ecuador. J. Gould, Esq.
3f Cephalopterus glabricollis.
Cephalopterus glabricollis, Gould, P. Z. S. 1850, p. 92, pl. xx. ;
Cab. J. f. O. 1861, p. 254 (Costa Rica); Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 150,
et 1870, p. 201 (Veragua); Lawr. Ann. Lyc, N. Y. ix. p. 117
(Costa Rica); Frantz. J. f. O. 1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica); Scl, et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 60; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 66 (Costa Rica).
Above and beneath black, with slight metallic reflections on the
back and crest; whole front of the neck and breast bare of feathers;
throat-wattle naked, with a tufted end; under wing-coverts black;
bill dark plumbeous; feet black: whole length 16 inches, wing 10,
tail 4:8. Female. Head-crest much smaller, and neck only slightly
denuded, throat-wattle Small.
Hab. Costa Rica and Veragua.
There is considerable variation in the extent of the denudation of
the throat in this extraordinary bird, which was originally dis-
covered by Warcewicz in the Cordillera of Chiriqui at an elevation of
8000 feet. Mr. Warcewicz describes the bare part of the neck as
reddish orange, and the bare base of the throat-wattle as bright
red in life.
a—d. 3 ad.; e. Q Turrialba, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
ad. sk.
f. Sº ad, sk. Turrialba, Costa Rica (Car- Salvin-Godman Coll.
miol).
g. 3 a.d. sk. Costa Rica (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
27. GYMNOCEPHALUs. 401
h, º G ºl ; j, 9 Costa Rica. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
3.01. SR.
k, Q ad, sk. Costa Rica. Purchased.
l. 3 ad, sk. º de Tolé, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll.
Arcé).
m. G ad, sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
n, d ad, sk. Calovevora, Veragua (Arcé). J. Gould, Esq.
27. GYMN00EPHALUS, Type
Gymnocephalus, Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, Ann. du Mus. xiii.
p. 287 (1809) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. calvus.
In general structure this form is not very remote from Cephalo-
pterus, but is immediately distinguishable by its denuded head, which
occurs to a greater or less extent in both sexes. So far as we yet
know, Gymnocephalus is restricted to the Guianas.
1. Gymnocephalus calvus.
Choucas chauve de Cayenne, Daub. Pl. Enl. 521.
Corvus calvus, Gm, S. N. i. p. 372; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 153.
Gymnocephalus capucinus, Geoff'. Ann. Mus, xiii. p. 237; Less.
Tr. d’Orn. i. p. 359, pl. 41. fig. 1.
Coracina gymnocephala, Vieill, Enc. Méth. p. 770.
Ampelis calva, Licht. Doubl. p. 56.
Coracina calva, Temm. Tabl. Méth. p. 20.
Gymnocephalus calvus, Hahn, Vog. aus Asien, Lief. ii. pl. 4; Cab. in
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 690; B0. Consp. i. p. 178; Burm. Syst. Ueb.
ii. p. 423; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 109; Scl. Cat. A. B.
p. 258; Pelz. Orn. Bras. p. 135; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1867, p. 581
(L. Amazons); iid. Nomencl. p. 59; Salv. Ibis, 1885, p. 306
(Br, Guiana).
Bald Crow, Lath. G. H. iii. p. 14.
Above clear yellowish brown, lighter at the back of the head;
front and whole summit of the head denuded, leaving only slight
black bristles; wings and tail black: beneath similar, but abdomen
passing into chesnut rufous; under wing-coverts white; chin slightly
denuded ; bill and feet black: whole length 14 inches, wing
8.5, tail 4. Female similar but Smaller, and head not so much
denuded.
Hab. Cayenne, Surinam, and Guiana.
a, b, d ad. St. Cayenne. Purchased.
c. Ad, sk. Erench Guiana (Rothery). Salvin–Godman Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Cayenne. Sclater Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Cayenne. Salvin–Godman Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Cayenne. J. Gould, Esq.
g. Ad. Sk. Naroni r., Surinam (Kappler). Salvin-Godman Coll.
h, i. 6 ad, sk. Bartica, Grove, Brit. Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
j. Ad, sk. Camacusa, Brit, Guiana Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Whitely).
k. Q ad, sk. Roraima, Brit. Guiana (Whitely). Salvin-Godman Coll.
!. Ad, sk. Guiana (Brown). Sclater Coll.
WQL, XIV. 2 D
402 COTINGIDAE.
28. GYMNODERUS.
Type.
Gymnoderus, Geoffr. St.-Hilaire, Ann, d. Mus, xiii. p. 237
(1809) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. foetidus.
Coracina, Vieill. Analyse, p. 37 (1816) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. foetidus.
Coronis, Gloger, Fror. Not. vol. xvi. p. 277 (1827) . . . . . . G. foetidus.
This is another monotypic form, distinguished by the denudation
of the throat and neck, and the short compressed plumes which
cover the head and give it a Vulturine appearance. It extends from
Guiana across Amazonia to Ecuador. Gymnoderus is of a much
feebler build than the preceding genera, and thus intermediate
between them and the typical Cotingidae.
1. Gymnoderus foetidus,
Gracula foetida, Linn. S. N. i. p. 164,
Le Colmud de Cayenne, Daub. Pl, Eml. 609.
Corvus nudicollis, Bodd. Table d. P. Enl, p. 37 (1783).
Corvus nudus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 371.
Gracula nuda, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 190.
Gymnoderus cayennensis, Geoffr. Ann. Mus, xiii. p. 237.
Coracina gymnodera, Vieill, Enc. Méth. p. 769; id. Gal. Ois. ii. p. 178.
Ampelis nudicollis, Licht. Doubl. p. 56.
Coracina foetida, Bp. Consp. i. p. 178.
Gymnoderus foetidus, Gray, List Gen. B. p. 52 (1841); Cab. in Schomb.
Guian. iii. p. 691; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 425; Selater, P. Z. S.
1857, p. 265 (U. Amazon); id. Cat. A. B. p. 258; Pelz. Orn. Bras.
p. 135; Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 108; Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S.
1867, p. 581 (L. Amazons), 1873, p. 286 (E. Peru); iid. Nomencl.
p. 59; Tacz. Orn. Pér. ii. p. 390; Salv, Ibis, 1885, p. 306 (Br.
Guiana).
Bare-necked Grakle, Lath. G. H. iii. p. 160.
Above and beneath dull black; head covered with short com-
pressed velvety-black plumes, sides of head and neck all round
denuded, leaving only scattered plumes on the chin and middle of
the throat; large patch on the wings occupying the lesser wing-
coverts, outer secondaries, and outer margins of most of the other
wing-feathers pure greyish white; under wing-coverts black; lower
surface of wings grey : bill plumbeous; feet black: whole length
14 inches, wing 8-3, tail 5'5. Female similar but smaller ; throat
less denuded, and without the silvery-grey patch on the wings.
Hab. Cayenne, Surinam, Amazonia, and Ecuador.
a. 6 a.d. st. Cayenne. Purchased.
b. ? ad. St. South America. Purchased.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Cayenne. Salvin-Godman Coll.
d. & ad. sk. Cayenne. Purchased.
e. P ad. Sk Surinam (Bartlett). Sclater Coll.
f. 6 a.d. sk. Barra do Rio Negro (Wallace). Sclater Coll.
g. Q ad. sk. Caicara, Matto Grosso, Brazil Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Natterer).
h, i. 3 9 ad, sk. Sarayacu, Ecuador (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j. 6 jr. sk. S. America. Salvin–Godman Coll.
k. Gad, sk. S. America. Jardine Coll.
l. 3 ad, sk. S. America. J. Gould, Esq.
29. CHASMORHYNCHUs. 403
29. CHASMORHYNCHUS.
º Type.
Casmorhynchos, Temm. Man, d'Orn. Analyse, p. lxiii
(1820) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. variegatus.
Arapunga, Less. Trait. d’Orn. p. 365 (1831) . . . . . . . . . . C. nudičollis.
Eulopogon, Gloger, Hand-u. Hilfsö. Nat. p. 321 (1842). C. variegatus.
Chasmorhynchus is certainly one of the most extraordinary forms
of the Cotingidae. Though the females of the four species are much
alike, the males present very striking differential characters, both
in colour and in the disposition of the naked carunches which
ornament the head and throat. They are further remarkable for
their loud bell—like voice.
The four species of this genus are distributed over the Neotropical
Region from Costa Rica, through Venezuela and Guiana, to S.E.
Brazil, but, strangely enough, the form does not appear to occur in
Amazonia *.
Key to the Species.
A. White above and beneath.
Throat feathered; head with a feathered
caruncle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. ºvivews, p. 403.
Throat naked; head without a caruncle . . 2. nudicollis, p. 404.
B. White: head brown; wings black . . . . . . . . . . 3. variegatus, p. 405.
C. Chestnut: head and throat white; head with
three naked caruncles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. tricarumculatus,
[p. 405.
1*-Chasmorhynchus niveus.
Cotinga blanc de Cayenne, Daub, P. Enl. 793, 794.
Ampelis nivea, Bodd. Table d._P. Enl, p. 49 (1783).
Ampelis carumculata, Gm., S. N. i. p. 841; Lath. G. H. v. p. 180.
Chasmorhynchus carunculatus, Temm. Tabl, Méth. p. 21; Cab. in
Schomb. Guian. iii. p. 692; BP. Consp. i. p. 178.
Procnias nivea, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 280; Léotaud, Ols. Trin, p. 261.
Chasmorhynchus niveus, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 108; Sel.
Cat. A. B. p. 258; Taylor, Ibis, 1864, p. 88 (Trinidad); Salv. Ibis,
1885, p. 306 (Brit. Guiana); Pelz, Orm. Bras, p. 134; Sel, et Salv.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 580 (L. Amazons); iid. Nomencl. p. 59; Finsch,
P. Z. S. 1870, p. 574 (Trinidad).
Chasmorhynchus albus, Scl. Ibis, 1866, p. 407 (err.),
Carumculated Chatterer, Lath. G. H. V. p. 180, pl. lxxxiv.
Snow-white; head with a long thinly-feathered caruncle arising
from the front; bill and feet black ; whole length 10-5 inches,
wing 6-5, tail 4. Female. Above green: beneath yellowish, varie-
gated with green; crissum yellowish.
Hab. Cayenne, Surinam, and Guiana.
a. 6 ad. St. Cayenne. H. % Rothery, Esq.
b. 3 ad. St. Cayenne. Purchased.
* On the distribution of Chasmorhynchus, cf. Selater, “The Bell-birds of
America,” Intellectual Observer, X, p. 401 (1867). 2D 2
D
COTINGIDAE,
h, i. 3 9 ad, sk.
j. 6 a.d. sk.
k. Q ad. sk.
!. 9 ad, sk.
ºm. 3 ad. sk.
n. 6 a.d. sk.
o. 9 ad. sk.
Cayenne.
Cayenne.
Surinam (Bartlett).
Bartica Grove, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Carimang r., Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
R. Attāpurow, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Merumé Mts, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Roraima, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Roraima, Brit. Guiana
(Whitely).
Demerara.
Venezuela (Warmington).
S. America.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
J. Gould, Esq.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
Baron Laugier's Coll.
2:HChasmorhynchus nudicollis.
Ampelis nudicollis, Vieill. Nouv. Dict, viii. p. 164; d. Enc. Méth.
762
Chasmorhynchus nudicollis, Temm, P. Col. 868,883; Maw. Beir.
iii. p. 377; Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 426; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein.
ii. p. 108; Sel. Cat. A. B.
p. 258; id. Ibis, 1866, p. 407; Pelz.
Orn. Bras, p. 134; Hamilton, Ibis, 1871, p. 306 (Brazil); Sel, et
Salv. Womencl. p. 59; Berl. J. f. O. 1873
et Jher. Zeitschr, ges. Orn, 1885, p. 141 (
f;
266 (S. Brazil); Berl.
io Grande do Sul).
|Procnias nudicollis, Maa. Reis. m. Bras. i. p. 52, et ii. p. 158.
Cotinga alba, Thunb. Mém. Soc. Mosc. vi. p. 177 ºš.
Chasmorhynchus ecarunculatus, Spiv, Av. Bras, ii. p. 3, pl. 4,
Procnias alba, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 280.
Chasmorhynchus albus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 178.
White above and beneath; sides of head and throat naked, with
small scattered bristles; bill black; feet brown; whole length 11
inches, wing 6-2, tail 3:5. Female above green, cap darker: be-
neath yellowish, striped with green; throat greyish, with black
striations; crissum yellowish.
Hab. S.E. Brazil.
a, d ad. St.
b. 3 ad. st.
c. 2 ad. st.
d, e. dº ad, ; f-h.
$2 ad. sk.
3. G jr. sk.
j. 9 a.d. sk.
Jº. 9 ad, sk.
l. 3 ad, sk.
ºn, n. 6 Q ad. Sk,
o, p. 3 9 a.d. sk.
q, r, $2 ad, sk.
8, Skeleton.
S. America.
S. America.
S. America.
Bahia, Brazil (Wucherer).
Bahia, Brazil.
Saô Paolo, Brazil (Joyner).
Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul,
Brazil (Joyner).
Brazil. (Joyner)
Brazil.
Brazil.
S. America.
Purchased.
Hardwicke Bequest.
Lt. Maw, R.N. [P.].
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin–Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Sclater Coll.
M. Claussen [P.].
Purchased.
Purchased.
29. CHASMORHYNCHUs. 405
3. Chasmorhynchus variegatus.
Ampelis variegata, Gm. S. N. i. p. 841; Lath. Ind. Orn, i. p. 367.
Procnias variegata, Léotaud, Ois. Trin. p. 259.
Chasmorhynchus variegatus, Temm, P. Col. 51; Bp. Consp. i. p. 178;
Burm. Syst. Ueb. ii. p. 428; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 107;
Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 257; id. Ibis, 1866, pp. 406, 407; Salo. Ibis,
1885, §. 306 (Brit. Guiana); Sol. et Salv. P. Z. S. 1868, pp. 172,
628 (Venezuela); iid. Nomencl. p. 59; Finsch, P. Z. S. 1870,
p. 574 (Trinidad).
Variegated Chatterer, Lath. G. H. v. p. 185, pl. lxxxv.
Pure white; head coffee-brown; wings black; throat denuded
and covered with Small caruncles; bill and feet black : whole
length 10 inches, wing 6-2, tail 2:4. Female. Above green; head
greyish : beneath pale yellowish, with green striations on the breast
and belly ; throat greyish, with finer striations.
Hab. Guiana, Venezuela, and Trinidad.
a, b. 3 9 ad. st. S. America. Purchased.
c, d. 3 Q ad, ; Roraima, Brit. Guiana (White- Salvin-Godman Coll.
e, f. 6 jr. sk. ly). &
g, h. 3 2 ad, sk. San Esteban, Venezuela (Goe- Salvin-Godman Coll,
7°2)2O/ ).
2. c ad, sk. vºl. (Goering). Sclater Coll.
j, k, & jr. Sk, Venezuela. Sclater Coll.
l, G ad, sk. Brazil (?) Salvin-Godman Coll.
4.-Chasmorhynchus tricarumculatus.
Chasmorhynchus tricarumculatus, J. et E. Verreaua, Rev, Zool. 1853,
p. 193; Cab. Journ. f. Orn, 1861, p. 253 (Costa Rica); Sel. Cat.
A. B. p. 258; Salv, Ibis, 1865, p. 92, pl. iii. (Costa Rica); id.
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 150, et 1870, p. 200 (Veragua); Sel, Ibis, 1866,
pp. 406, 407; Lawr. Ann. Lyø, N. Y. ix. p. 117 (Costa Rica);
Frantz.J. f. O. 1869, p. 310 (Costa Rica); Sel, et Saly. Womencl.
p. 59; Boucard, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 66 (Costa Rica); Ridgw. P. U.S.
N. M. v. p. 496 (Costa Rica).
Clear chestnut-brown; head above and neck below, down to the
breast, pure white; three long naked Garuncles, one from the
middle of the front, and the two lateral from under the eyes; bill
and feet black ; whole length 10:5 inches, wing 6-5, tail 4.5.
Female. Above green; beneath yellowish flammulated with green.
Hab. Costa Rica and Veragua.
a. G ad. St. Costa Rica. Purchased.
b. 3 ad. ; c.—d. Tucurriqui, Costa Rica (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
G jr. sk.
€, ...'. f. 6 Costa Rica (Arcé). Sclater Coll.
ir, sk.
9. º jr. sk. Costa Rica. Purchased.
h, i. 3 Q ad, sk. Caloyevora, Veragua (Arcé). Salvin-Godman Coll.
j, d ad, sk. Cordillera de Tolé, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll.
t (Arcé).
k. & ad. sk. Volcan de Chiriqui, Veragua Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Arcé).
l, Jr. sk. Veragua (Arcé), Sclater Coll. .
m, d jr. sk. Veragua. O. Salvin, Esq. [P.].
m. Q ad, sk. Weragua (Arcé). J. Gould, Esq.
406 PHYTOTOMIDAE,
Family V. PHYTOTOMIDAE.
The family Phytotomidae contains only one genus Phytotoma,
with four species, and is restricted to the Neotropical Region.
The Phytotoma have a general external resemblance to the
Finches, with which they were associated by the older authors.
Eyton, who dissected some of the birds procured during the voyage
of the ‘Beagle,’ first showed (Zool. Woy. “Beagle, iii. p. 153) that
Phytotoma has only one pair of sterno-tracheal muscles, but was
not aware of the importance of this discovery. This character,
however, as well as the structure of the tarsal covering, which is
pycnaspidean, shows that the true position of the Phytotoma is
among the Oligomyodians, probably near the Cotingidae.
1. PHYTOTOMA. Type
Phytotoma, Molina, Saggio S. St. Nat, Chili, p. 345 (1782) ... P. rara.
Phytotoma is restricted to the western and southern portions of
South America, extending from Western Peru through Bolivia,
Chili, and Argentina to Northern Patagonia. The Phytotoma,
build open nests and lay spotted eggs (cf. Scl. et Huds, Arg.
Orn. i. p. 164).
Key to the Species.
A. Tail with a broad red cross band . . . . . . . . 1. rara, p. 406.
B. Tail uniform blackish, with white end.
a. Whole crown of head rufous.
}; : brown below . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. angustirostris, p. 407.
Smaller: redder below . . . . . . . . . . . 3. rutila, p. 407.
b. Narrow front only rufous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. raimondii, p. 408.
1. Phytotoma rara.
Phytotoma Tara, Molina, Saggios. St. Nat, del Chili, p. 345; Gm.
S. M. i. p. 928; d’Orb. Voy, Ois. p. 293; Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves,
p. 139;...BP. Qansp. i. p. 86; Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein, ii. p. 111;
Gay, Hist, Chili, Zool. i. p. 363; Sol. Cat. A. B. p. 260; ‘Sel, et
Salv. Nomencl. p. 60; Philippi, Cat. Av. Chil. p. 26; Taoz, Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 394.
Phytotoma bloxami, Griff. Anim. Kingd. ii. p. 319; Jard, et Selb.
Ill. Orn, i. pl. 4 (Q).
Phytotoma silens, Kittl, Mém. Acad. St. Pétersb. i. p. 175, t. 1 (1831).
Phytotoma molina, Less. L'Inst. 1834, p. 816.
Above brown, striated with black; crown rufous; wings black,
with White edgings to the coverts; tail black, all the lateral rectrices
With a broad dark-red cross band on the inner webs: beneath red;
1. PHYTOTOMA. 407
flanks with slight black striations; sides of head black; bill and
feet blackish: whole length 7 inches, wing 3-7, tail 3. Female.
Above like the male, but without the red crown : beneath pale
yellowish brown, with numerous black striations.
Hab. Chili.
a. 6 a.d. sk. Chili. Sclater Coll.
b, c. 6 2 ad. sk. Chili (James). Sclater Coll.
d. 6 a.d. sk. Colchagua, Chili (Reed). Salvin–Godman Coll.
e. & ad. sk. Colchagua, Chili. Purchased.
f. §2 ad. sk. Chili. Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. 2 ad. sk. Chili. T. Bridges [C.],
h. 6 a.d. sk. Valparaiso, Chili, Lord Byron [P.].
8, j. 6 Qad, sk. Chili. Jardine Coll.
k, d ad. St. Chili, cºolawley, Esq.
l. 3 jr. st. Chili. Sir W. Burnett and
Capt. Fitzroy [P.].
2. Phytotoma angustirostris.
Phytotoma angustirostris, d'Orb. et Lafr. Syn, Av. i. p. 37; d'Orb.
Voy., Ois. p. 292, pl. 29, fig. 2; BP. Consp. i. p. 86; Cab. et. Hein.
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 111; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 260; Sol. et Salv.
Nomencl. p. 60; iid. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 619 (Bolivia).
Above slaty grey, with slight blackish striations; crown red;
wings and tail brownish black, broad margins of the wing-coverts and
secondaries, and tips of all the lateral tail-feathers white : beneath
reddish brown ; flanks cinereous; bill and feet dark brown : whole
length 7-3 inches, wing 3-6, tail 3:5. Female. Above greyish white,
densely striated with black : beneath white, with black shaft-spots,
which grow obsolete on the lower belly; under wing-coverts and
crissum white.
Hab. Bolivia, temperate regions of eastern slope of the Andes.
I am not very sure that this species is really different from P. rutila.
It is rather larger, not so bright below, and rather greyer above.
But northern specimens of P. rutila are somewhat intermediate.
a, b, d, jr. sk. Tilotilo, Bolivia (Buckley). Salvin-Godman Coll.
c. 3 ad. sk. La Paz, Bolivia, Jardine Coll.
d, e. g. Q ad. sk. Bolivia. Sclater Coll.
f, g. ‘P ad. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
h. 6 ad. St. Bolivia. T. Bridges [C.].
3. Phytotoma rutila,
Habia dentudo, Azara, Apunt. i. p. 366.
Phytotoma rutila, Vieill. Now, Dict. xxvi. p. 64; id. Enc. Méth.
p. 903; d'Orb. Voy., Ois. p. 293, pl. 29, fig. 1; Lafr, Mag. de Zool.
1832, Ois. pl. 5; BP. Consp. i. p. 86; Hartlaub, Ind. Ag. p. 6;
Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 111; Sel. Cat. A. B. p. 260;
id. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 549; Scl. et Salv. Nomencl. p. 60; Hudson,
P. Z. S. 1872, p. 537 (Rio Negro); White, P.Z. S., 1882, p. 609
(Catamarca); Burm. La Plata-Reise, ii. p. 451; Barrows, Bull.
Nutt. Orm. Club. viii. p. 203 (Lower Uruguay); Scl. et Huds,
Arg, Orn, i. p. 164, pl. viii.
408 ^ PHYTOTOMIDAE.
Above cinereous, with obsolete blackish shaft-spots; crown red;
wings and tailblack; a broad band across the ends of the lesser Wing-
coverts, slight outer margins of the greater goverts and secondaries,
and tips of all the rectrices white; beneath bright red, flanks grey;
bill brown; feet black : whole length 6-5 inches, Wing 33, tail 3.
Female. Above greyish white, densely covered with black striations:
beneath white, with less numerous black striations; Wings and tail
as in male.
Hab. Argentine Republic down to Rio Negro, Patagonia.
a. G ad. St. Mendoza. Purchased.
b, c. & ad. ; d. Cosquin, Cordova (White). Salvin-Godman Coll.
Q ad. sk.
e, f. 6 2 ad. sk. Mendoza (Weisshaupt). Sclater Coll.
g, h. 3 & ad. sk. Pampas of Arg. Republic (Ley- Salvin-Godman Coll.
bold).
8, j. 6 @ ad, sk. Parana (Burmeister). Salvin-Godman Coll.
K. & jr. sk. Parana (Burmeister). Sclater Coll.
l, m, 3 Q ad.sk. Vic. of Buenos Ayres (Hasle- Salvin-Godman Coll.
hust).
m, o. 3 Q ad.sk, Rio Negro of Patagonia (Hud- Sclater Coll.
Son).
p, q, 6 jr. ; r. Rio Negro of Patagonia. Purchased.
$2 ad. Sk.
~4. Phytotoma raimondii.
Phytotoma raimondii, Tacz. P. Z. S. 1883, p. 71, pl. xvii.; id. Orn.
Pér. ii. p. 395.
Phytotoma rara, Tsch. Faun. Per., Aves, p. 139 (?).
Above greyish cinereous, with the feathers darker in the centre;
narrow front of head rufous: beneath, throat pale ochraceous varied
with rufous; fore-neck and flanks cinereous; broad blotch on belly,
and crissum bright cinnamon-red; wings blackish, with two white
Cross bands; tail blackish, lateral rectrices tipped with white:
whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-4, tail 3:2. Female. Centres of
feathers of head and back darker, and their margins lighter than
in the male; rump striated with black; throat whitish fulvous;
rest of under surface pale fulvous, with blackish-brown striations on
the sides of the throat, fore-neck, belly, and flanks; wings and tail
as in the male
Hab. Western littoral of N. Peru (Tumbez).
The narrow red front, instead of the whole crown being red, and
the less amount of red on the lower surface at once distinguish this
well-marked species.
PHILEPITTIDZE. 409
Family VI. PHILEPITTIDAE.
Sundevall* first showed that the peculiar Madagascarian type
Philepitta, as possessing ten fully formed primaries and a non-
bilaminate tarsus, could not be satisfactorily placed among the
Oscines, to various branches of which it had been referred by previous
writers. But it is to the researches of Forbes that we are indebted
for our remaining information on this curious form. In one of
his excellent articles upon the anatomy of the Passeres f, Forbes
took up the question of Philepitta, and described its palate, ptery-
losis, and syrinx. The palate and pterylosis are truly Passerine,
though possessing slight special peculiarities. The syrinx, which
was previously unexamined, he showed to be perfectly Mesomyodian,
as indeed had been predicted by Garrod would probably turn out to
a. Syrinx of Philepitta, from before, #., b. From behind, 3.
c. From right side, #.
(P. Z. S. 1880, p. 389.)
be the case. It follows that the Philepittidae must be arranged as
one of the Old-World families of Oligomyoda, and that the best place
for it is next to the Pittidae, from which it differs in its taxaspidean
tarsus and other particulars.
The two known species of Philepittidae are confined to Madagascar.
1. PHILEPITTA.
Type.
Philepitta, Geoff". St-Hilaire, Mag. de Zool. 1839, Ois. pl. 3. P. ;
Brissonia, Hartl. Orn. Beitr. Fauna Madag. p. 42 (1861). P. jala.
Buddinghia, Pollen, Faune de Madagasc. ii. p. 88 (1868) . . P. schlegeli.
Paictes, Sund, Av. Meth. Tent, p. 63 (1872). . . . . . . . . . . . P. jala.
* Tentamen, p. 63, f P. Z. S. 1880, p. 387.

410 PEITLEPITTIDAE.
Key to the Species.
A. Back and abdomen black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. jala, p. 410.
B. Back olive; abdomen yellow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. schlegeli, p. 411.
1. Philepitta jala.
Merula madagascariensis aurea, Briss. Ornith. ii. p. 247, pl. xxiv.
fig. 2.
Turdus sive Merula madagascariensis aurea, Manetti, Lorenzº et
Vanni, Stor. Nat, d. Uccelli, ii. p. 50.
Le Saui-jala, Buffon, Hist. Nat. de Ois. iii. p. 398 (1775).
Turdus castaneus, Müll. Naturs., Suppl. p. 143.
Le Merle doré de Madagascar, Daub. Pl. Eml. 539, fig. 2.
Turdus jala, Bodd, Tab. Pl. Enl. p. 31.
Black-cheeked Thrush, Lath. Gen. Sym. ii. p. 75; d. Gen. Hist,
v. p. 93; Steph. Shaw's Zool. x. p. 231.
Turdus nigerrimus, Gm. Syst. Nat. i. p. 821; Bechst. Latham's Allg.
Uebers. d. Vög. ii. p. 68; Kuhl, Buff. et Daub. Fig. Av. p. 9.
Turdus saui-jala, Lath. Ind. Orm, p. 356; Vieill. Nouv, Dict. XX.
p. 287; id. Enc. Méth. ii. p. 672; Dumont, Dict, d. Sci. Nat, xxx.
p. 159; Temm. Tab. Méth. p. 14.
Turdus lunulatus, Shaw, Wat. Misc. xiv. pl. 585.
Philepitta sericea, Geoff. St.-Hil. Compt. Rend. vi., p. 442; d.
Ann. Sci. Nat. 1838, p. 188; id. Rev. Zool. 1838, p. 50; id.
Mag. de Zool. 1839, Ois, pl. iii.; Gray, Gen. Birds, i. p. 214, et
Append. p. 9; Des Murs, Iconogr. Orn. pl. xxxii.; Bp. Consp.
i. p. 422; Gray, Cat, of Gen. Bds. p. 43 (1855); Müll. J. f. O.
1855, p. 388; Hartl. J. f. O. 1860, p. 96; id. Ornithol. Beitr. 2.
Faun. Madagasc. p. 42; Pollen, Nederl. Tijdsch. v. d. Dierk, 1863,
p. 305; Verreaua, Vinson's Voy. & Madagasc. p. 2.
Philepitta geoffroyi, Des Murs et Prév. Rev. Zool. 1846, p. 241; Gray,
Gen. Birds, i. p. 214, et Append. p. 9; Bp. Consp. i. p. 422; Müll.
J. f. O. 1855, p. 388; Hartl. J.J. O. 1860, p. 96; id. Ornithol,
Beitr. 2. Faun. Madagasc. p. 42; Pollen, Nederl. Tijdschr, v.
d. pirº 1863, p. 305; Verreaua, Vinson's Voy, a Madagasc,
Prºmis jala, Gray, Gen. Birds, i. p. 124.
Philepitta isidori, Des Murs, Iconogr. Orn, pl. xxxiii.
Brissonia nigerrima, Hartl. J. f. O. 1860, p. 96; id. Ornithol. Beity.
2. Faun. Madagasc, p. 42; Pollen, Nederl. Tijdsch). v. d. Dierk.
p. 306; Verreaua, Vinson's Voy. & Madagasc. p. 2.
Philepittajala, Schleg. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 422; Grandid. Rev. et Mag.
de Zool. 1867, p. 356; Schleg, et Pollen, Fawn, d. Madagasc. ii.
p. 87, pl. xxxi.; Hartl. Die Vög. Madagasc. p. 160.
Philepitta castanea, Gray, Hand-l. Birds, i. p. 297; Sharpe, P. Z. S.
1870, p. 396, 1872, p. 867; id. Cat. of African Bds, p. 54; Bartlett
P. Z. S. 1879, p. 771; Milne-Edw, et Grandid, N. H. Madagasc.
xii. p. 296, pls, 109, fig. 1 (?), 110 (3).
Above and beneath uniform jet-black; bend of the wing bright
yellow ; fleshy caruncle above the eye green; bill and feet greyish
black: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-2, tail 1-7. Female. Above
olive-green, more yellowish on the rump; beneath olive-green,
PITTIDAE. 411
flammulated all over with pale yellowish; no caruncle above the
eye. Young male. Black, all the feathers more or less margined with
yellow.
Hab. Madagascar.
a. 9 ad. sk. Madagascar. Purchased.
b, c. 39 ad. ; d. Noce Vola, N. Madagascar Sharpe Coll.
d jr. sk. (Crossley).
e. g. ad. ; f. 6 Noce Vola, N. Madagascar Purchased.
jr sk. (Crossley).
g. d ad, sk. Noce Vola, N. Madagascar Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Crossley).
h. 3 jr. sk. Ankafana Forest, Betsilao, Rev. W. Deans
Madagascar. Cowan [C.].
2. Philepitta schlegeli.
Philepitta Schlegeli, Schleg. P. Z. S. 1866, p. 422; Grandid. Rev. et
Mag. de Zool. 1867, p. 356; Schleg. et Pollen, Faun. de Madagasc.
ii. p. 88, pl. xxxii.; Gray Hand-l. Birds, i. p. 297; Hartl. Die
Vögel Madagasc. p. 163; Milne-Edw. et Grandid, N. H. Madagase.
xii. p. 302, pls, 109, fig. 2 (?), 111 (6).
Above yellowish olive-green; head and nape black : beneath
bright yellow ; large fleshy caruncle round the eye bluish green;
bill black; feet pale brown ; whole length 5 inches, wing 3, tail 1.6.
Female. Above olive-green, with white striations on head : beneath
yellowish ; no caruncle round the eye.
Hab. Madagascar.
a, d ad, ; b. 3 jr. sk. N.E. Madagascar (Van Dam). Purchased.
Family VII. PITTIDAE.
Dr. Cabanis, in the first part of his ‘Ornithologische Notizen,’”
published in 1847, was the first author to suggest that, judged by its
outer conformation, Pitta (alone among the Asiatic Ant-Thrushes)
should be excluded from the Oscinine series, but deferred the
positive settlement of the question until the structure of the organs
of the voice could be ascertained. This investigation Johannes
Müller, who had expressly alluded to the importance of the point
in his great work on the vocal organs of the Passeres, was unable
to undertake for Want of specimens. And, although several authors
adopted Dr. Cabanis's suggestion and referred the Pittas to the
* Wiegmann's Arch. xiii. pt. 1, p. 216.
412 PITTIDAE,
“Clamatores” or “Wolucres,” the question was not finally decided
until 1873, when our excellent anatomist Garrod obtained speci-
mens for dissection, which proved decisively that Pitta does not
belong to the Oscines *.
In 1876 Garrod obtained further specimens of Pitta, and de-
scribed and figured the formation of the trachea in detailt, and thus
finally closed the controversy, showing that Pitta is what he terms
“Mesomyodian,” although it has a typical Oscinine tarsus.
The Pittidae are essentially a group of the Oriental Region,
numbering some 45 species. A single Pitta has intruded itself
into the centre of the AEthiopian Region, and several species occur
in the Australian Region, and extend the area of the group over New
Guinea to New Britain and Eastern Australia. An excellent article
on their distribution has been written by Mr. Wallace f.
The Pittas were monographed by Mr. Elliot in 1853, and the
greater number of them have been figured by Gould in his ‘Birds of
Asia’ and ‘Birds of New Guinea.’ Gould also commenced a Mono-
graph of this brilliant group, of which, however, only one part had
been issued at the time of his decease $.
The Pittas build open nests, and lay spotted eggs. Some of these
have been figured by Müller and Schlegel (Verhandl. Zool. Pitta,
tab. iii.); others have been described by Sharpe (P. Z. S. 1879,
p. 346), and Oates (B. Brit. Burm. Vol. i. pp. 411–421).
Key to the Genera.
A. Frontal plumes recumbent; tail shorter.
a. Bill longer, more compressed . . . . . . . . 1. ANTHOCINCLA, p. 412.
b. Bill shorter, less compressed.
a'. Tail shorter, more or less squared . . 2. PITTA, p. 413.
b'. Tail longer, pointed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. EUCICHLA, p. 445.
B. Frontal plumes short, erect; tail longer. . 4. CoRACOPITTA, p. 449.
1. ANTHOCINCLA. Type
Anthocincla, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxxi. p. 343 (1862) . . . . . . A. phayri.
The single species which constitutes this type may, I think, be
reasonably kept apart from Pitta on account of its longer and more
compressed bill, lengthened neck-feathers, shorter tarsi, and short
rounded wings. It seems to be peculiar to the Burmese provinces.
The sexes are nearly, but not quite, alike.
* See P. Z. S. 1873, p. 463.
t See P. Z. S. 1876, pp. 512-514.
f Ibis, 1864, p. 100.
§ Monograph of the Pittidae, Part I., London, 1880.
2. PITTA.
413
1. Anthocincla phayrii.
Anthocincla phayrii, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xxxi. p. 343; id. B. Burm.
p. 100; Hume, Str. F. iii.
p. 109, pl. ii., et viii. p. 94; Hume &
Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 245; Bingham, Str. F. ix. pp. 177,474; Oates,
B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 420.
Above clear brown ; centre line of head, broadening on the nape,
black, bordered on each side with light brown ; long superciliaries,
widened behind the eye and much lengthened, white with black
edgings, bordered below by a black line which joins the nape; wing-
feathers blackish ; wing-coverts brown, with black subapical cross
bands and bright rufous tips; tail earthy brown : beneath clear
bright brown, with black spots on the sides of the throat and flanks;
middle of throat white; crissum dull pink; bill black; feet clear
brown : whole length 8-2 inches, wing 4, tail 2. Female similar,
but without the black on the head and nape, and much more spotted
beneath.
Hab. Tenasserim and Karen Hills.
a. 9 a.d. sk.
b. 3 ad. sk.
c. 2 ad, sk.
d, e. d ? ad, sk.
f. 6 ad. sk.
g. 6 a.d. sk.
h. Q ad. sk.
2. Ad, sk.
Pitta, Vieill. Analyse, p. 42 (1816)
Myothera, Cuv. Regn. An. i. p. 356 (1817)
Quaymoocky, Thoungyeen R.,
Tenasserim (C. T. Bing-
ham).
Mºlly River, Thoungyeen
Valley, Tenasserim (C. T.
Bingham).
Meplay River, Thoungyeen
Valley, Tenasserim (C. T.
Bingham).
Meplay River, Thoungyeen
Valley, Tenasserim (C. T.
Bingham).
Sinzaway Forests, Tenasserim
(C. T. Bingham).
Dargwin, Salween District
(W. Davison).
Wimpong, Thatone, Tenas-
serim (W. Davison).
Karen Hills (Wardlaw Ram-
say).
2. PITTA *.
* * * * * * * * * * * *
s = e < * P. brachyura.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll,
R. B. Sharpe [P.].
Purchased.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Type.
. . . . P. brachyura.
Brachyurus, Thunb. Vet. Akad. Handl. 1821, p. 370. . P. brachyura.
Citta, Wagl. Syst, Av., gen, Corvus (1827) (nec Boie,
1826) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . brachyura.
Paludicola, Hodgs. Journ. As, Soc. Beng. vi. p. 103
(1887) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. nipalensis.
Hydrornis, Blyth, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xii. p. 960(1843)
. Inipalensis.
P
Heleornis, Hodgs. Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 83 (1844). . . . P. nipalensis.
P
Gigantipitta, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7 (1854) . . . .
Erythropitta, Bp. ibid. (1854)
e = * * * * * * e s e s e e º e
. caerulea.
. . . . P. mackloti.
* Cf. as to this name, Scl. Ibis, 1877, p. 260.
414 PITTIDAE,
Type.
Iridipitta, Bp. ibid. (1854) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. baudii.
Melanopitta, Bp. ibid. (1854) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. cucullata,
Coloburis, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 3 (1859) , . P. strepitans.
Phoenicocichla, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 5 (1859) P. granatina.
Leucopitta, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 413 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. cyanea.
Cervinipitta, Elliot, ibid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. moluccensis.
Purpureipitta, Elliot, op. cit, p. 416 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. venusta.
Cyanopitta, Gould, Mon. Pitta, pl. 8 (1880) . . . . . . . . P. steerii.
Many generic terms, as will be seen, have been proposed for the
different sections of the Pittas. But I think it preferable to keep
them under one genus, which for the purpose of study may be divided
into two divisions and nine sections, as follows:–
Div. A. PITTAE ABERRANTES.
Size large : crissum not Scarlet.
a. Size large: predominant colour brown: sexes similar. (Hydrornis.)
. 414.
b. Size very large : back of male blue, of female chestnut : sexes
different. (Gigantipitta.) p. 416.
c. Size moderate: back blue, duller in female; beneath cross-banded;
tail rather elongated: Sexes slightly different. (Leucopitta.) p. 417.
Div. B. PITTAF Ty PICAE.
Size moderate (except in Calopitta): crissum Scarlet
(except in Iridipitta).
d. Size large : upper surface black; breast white; crissum Scarlet
sexes alike. (Calopitta.) p. 419.
e. Cap brown, with a black mesial stripe; lesser wing-coverts and rump
blue; breast fawn-colour; crissum scarlet: sexes similar. (Pitta.)
. 419.
f. Whole abdomen crimson; bright superciliary stripe pale blue: sexes
similar. (Phoenicocichla.) p. 429.
g. Whole abdomen scarlet; breast-band blue; head brownish red; no
bright superciliary stripe: sexes similar. (Erythropitta.) p. 432.
Back bright green, with a rump-band of shining blue; head black or
chestnut surrounded by black; crissum scarlet: sexes similar.
h.
&
(Melanopitta.) p. 438.
i, Cap bright blue; back crimson; throat white; crissum not scarlet:
sexes different. (Iridipitta.) - p. 444.
a. Size large : predominant colour brown : sexes similar.
(Hydrornis.)
Key to the Species.
A. Nº. blue :
elly uniform brown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. nepalensis, p. 414,
| belly whitish in middle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. soror, p. 415.
B. Nape deep brown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, oates?, p. 416,
1. Pitta nipalensis.
Paludicola nipalensis, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. vi. p. 103 (1837).
* (Paludicola) nipalensis, Hodgs, in Gray's Zool, Misc, p. 83
1844).
2. PITTA.
415
Pitta nipalensis, Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 214; id. Cat. Mamm. & Birds
Nepal, p. 40 (1863); Blyth, Cat. Mus. A. S. B. p. 156; Moore
et Horsf. Cat. B. Mus. E. I. Co. vol. i. p. 182; Wallace, Ibis,
1864, p. 108; Gould, B. Asia, v. pl. 79; Schleg. Mus. P-B. Pitta,
1863, p. 2, 1874, p. 4.
Brachyurus nipalensis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 153; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 253; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 413.
Gigantipitta nepalensis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Amisod, p. 7.
Brachyurus (Gigantipitta) nepalensis, Elliot, Mon. Pitt, pl. iii.
Hydrornis nipalensis, Jerd, B. Ind. i. p. 502; Blyth, B. Burm. p. 97;
Oates, Str. F. iii. p. 337; d. B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 412; Hume,
Str. F. viii. p. 93.
Pitta nuchalis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xi. p. 188.
Above dull greenish ; large nuchal patch blue; front, crown, and
sides of head pale brown, whiter on lores; wings blackish, edged
with pale brown; tail dull greenish : beneath brown, rather more
buffy on the middle of the belly; throat whitish ; bill blackish ;
feet brown : whole length 10 inches, wing 4-8, tail 27, tarsi 2-2.
Female similar.
Young. Above dark ashy, with numerous shaft-
spots of pale brown : beneath lighter, and densely covered with
large pinky-brown spots.
Hab. From Nepal, through Assam and Khasia Hills, to Pegu.
a, b, c Q ad. St. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
P.T.
c-f. Ad, sk. Nepal. # H. Hodgson, Esq.
F.T.
9. j. º ; h, i. Native Sikhim (L. Mandelli). # Coll.
l'. SR.
j, k, & ad.; l. 2 Sikhim (L. Mandelli). Hume Coll.
ad. ; m-3. Ad. ;
a', b'. Jr. sk.
c'. Ad, sk. Rungbee, Darjeeling. Hume Coll.
d'-'. Ad.; j', Jr. Darjeeling. Hume Coll.
sk.
ſc'. Ad. sk. Buxa Doars (L. Mandelli). Hume Coll.
!", m'. Ad, sk. Bhotan Doars (L. Mandelli). Hume Coll.
m". Ad. sk. Sadhyia (J. Cockburn). Hume Coll.
o'. Ad. sk. Dollah (J. Cockburn). Hume Coll.
p', Jr. sk. Dibrughur (J. R. Cripps). Hume Coll.
q". © ad. sk. Dilkushah, Cachar (J. Inglis). Hume Coll.
r". Ad. sk. Manipur (A. O. Hume). Hume Coll.
s'. Q ad. sk. N. Khasia Hills (Chennell). Tweeddale Coll.
t", ul. Ad, sk. Cachar (Constable). Gould Coll.
v', 'w'. 9 ad. sk. Karennee (Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll.
a', y'. Ad, sk. Upper Pegu. E. W. Oates [P.].
z'. Jr. sk. India. Gould Coll.
2. Pitta soror.
Pitta (Hydrornis) soror, Wardlaw-Ramsay, Ibis, 1881, p. 496.
Like the young of P. nipalensis, but smaller, tarsi more slender;
head above strongly tinged with bluish green, shading into a nuchal
patch of dull blue.
416 PITTIDAE.
Hab. Saigon (?). º *
It is not possible to express any opinion on this species until the
receipt of further specimens.
a. Jr. sk. Saigon? Tweeddale Coll.
(Type of the species.)
3. Pitta oatesi.
Hydrornis oatesi, Hume, Str. F. i. p. 477, et viii. p. 93; Wald, in
Blyth, B. Burm. p. 98; Hume et Day. Str. F. vi. p. 237; Oates,
B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 411; Salvad. Ann. Mus, Civ. Gen. Ser. 2, v.
p. 573 (Tenasserim).
Above dull green; whole head and nape rich rufous; wings
blackish, with pale brownish edgings; tail brown, tinged with pale
greenish : beneath rich rufous, passing into deep buff on the middle
of belly and crissum ; middle of throat whitish ; bill horn-colour;
feet pale brown : whole length 9:5 inches, wing 47, tail 25, tarsi 2.
Female similar, but paler beneath.
Hab. Pegu and Tenasserim.
a, b. 3 Q ad. Eastern slopes of Pegu hills. E. W. Oates [C.],
k
SK.
c. 3 ad, ; d. Eastern Pegu hills (E. W. Oates). Hume Coll.
Ad, sk.
e. 6 a.d. sk. Mooleyit, Tenasserim(W. Davison). Hume Coll.
f. 6 a.d.; g. Assoon, Tenasserim (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
Q ad, sk.
h. Q ad. sk. ASSoum, Tenasserim (Limborg). Tweeddale Coll.
8, 2 ad.; j. 2 Thoungyah, Tenasserim (J. Dar- Hume Coll.
jr. sk. ling).
k—r. 3 a.d.; , Meetan, Tenasserim (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
S—a'. Q ad, sk.
b. Size very large : back of male blue, of female chestnut.
(Gigantipitta.)
Although obviously allied to the birds of the previous section, this
fine bird seems entitled to stand alone.
4. Pitta caprulea.
Myiothera caerulea, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 301 (1822).
Pitta caerulea, Vig. Mem. Raffles, p. 659; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213;
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 156; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B.
E. I. C. p. 181; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 273; Schleg. Vog. Ned.
Ind. Pitta, p. 2, pl. i. figs. 1, 2, 3; id. Mus. P-B. Pitta, 1863,
p. 1, 1874, p. 4; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 108; Hume et Dav. Str. F.
vi, p. 238; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 94; Gould, B. Asia, v. pl. 81;
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 798 (Borneo); Nicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 88.
Hydrornis caerulea, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 5.
Brachyurus caeruleus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 153; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 253; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 412.
Gigantipitta caerulea, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod, p. 7; Oates, B. Brit.
Burm. i. p. 413.
2. PITTA. 417
Pitta gigas, Müll. & Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 14; Temm. Pl. Col.
217 (1823); Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 394.
Brachyurus davisoni, Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 321.
Above bright blue; back of head, nape and neck black; front,
lores, and sides of head whitish ashy; wings black, more or less
edged with blue; tail blue: beneath pale cinereous, with a strong
buffy tinge on the belly which becomes nearly white in the middle;
irregular and half-concealed guttural collar black; bill blackish ;
feet pale brown : whole length 12 inches, wing 6, tail 28, tarsi 2-5.
Female similar, but back and wing-coverts chestnut-brown, and head
buffy greyish, with numerous black cross bands, and a black collar
on the back of the neck.
Hab. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo.
a—c. 3 ad.; d. Q Bankasoon, Tenasserim (W. Hume Coll.
sk.
ad Davison).
e. Q ad. st. Malacca (Cantor). India Museum.
f. 9 a.d. st. Malacca. Purchased.
9. Jr. sk. Malacca (Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll.
h. 9 ad. sk. Malacca. Hume Coll.
7, j. 6 S2 ad. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace [C.].
k. & ad. sk. Malacca (Wallace). Gould Coll.
l, Q ad, sk. Malacca. Gould Coll.
m. G ad. sk. Malacca (Dr. Cantor). India Museum.
n. G ad. sk. Malacca (Dr. Cantor). India Museum.
o, p. 3 Q ad. Sk, Malacca. ‘Capt. Pinwill [P].
q. 6 ad. sk. Sumatra (Raffles). India Museum.
ºr, S. G. P ad. St. Sumatra (Raffles). Zool. Soc. Coll.
c. Size moderate ; back blue, duller in female ; beneath cross-
banded; tail rather elongated. (Leucopitta.)
This is also a peculiar and somewhat isolated form, in many
respects approaching Anthocincla. Its tail is rather longer than in
most Pittae, but not sufficiently so, in my opinion, to render it
advisable to remove it to Eucichla,
5. Pitta cyanea.
Pitta cyanea, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 1008 (1843), xvi. p. 153; id.
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. p. 157; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213, pl. 55; Gould,
B. Asia, v. pl. 80; Horsf. & Moore, Cat. B. Mus, E.I. C. p. 182;
Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 108; Hume et Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 238; Hume,
Str. F. viii. p. 93; Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 473.
Brachyurus cyaneus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 153; id. B. Brit.
Burm. p. 98; B0. Consp. i. p. 253; Elliot, Mon. Pitt, pl. xiii.;
id. Ibis, 1870, p. 413; Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 107.
Gigantipitta cyanea, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7.
Eucichla cyanea, Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 419; Salvad. Ann. Mus.
Civ. Gen. ser. 2, v. p. 575 (Tenasserim).
Pitta gigas, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 961 (jr.).
WOL., XIV. 2 E
- 418
FITTIDAE.
Above bright blue; wings ashy, more or less edged with blue;
tail blue; crown brownish grey, with a narrow black vertical stripe;
napo scarlet; lores and line through the eye to the nape black:
beneath pale bluish, thickly covered with black shaft-spots; chin
and middle of throat buffy white, sides of throat black, with small
white spots; middle of belly and Crissum whitish ; under wing-
coverts and band across the inner webs of the primaries at their
base white; bill black; feet pale brown : whole length 8:5 inches,
wing 4-5, tail 23, tarsi 1-7. Female similar but duller, and back
dull cinereous tinged with bluish.
Hab. Bhotan, Burmah, and Siam.
a. Sº ad. sk.
b. 6 a.d. sk.
c. 3 a.d.; d, e. Q
ad. sk.
f, g, d ? ad, sk.
h. & ad. ; i, j. 9
ad, sk.
k. 6 a.d. sk.
l. 3 a.d. sk.
m, 6 a.d. sk.
n—q. G ad. ; r, 8.
Q ad. sk.
t, w. & ad. ; v-y.
$2 ad. sk.
z. 3 ad. ; a'. Q
ad. sk.
b'-d'. 6 a.d.; e',
f". Q ad. sk.
g'—j'. 3 a.d.; k"—
n". Q ad. sk.
o'. 2 ad. sk.
p'. Q ad. Sk.
q". © jr. sk.
7". Q ad, sk.
s', t'. 6 a.d.; w!—
w". Q ad. sk.
a'. 6 a.d.; y', 2'.
Qad. ; al". Q
jr. sk.
b". Q ad. sk.
c". Q ad.; d".
Ad. sk.
e". Q ad. sk.
f". Ad. sk.
Bhotan.
Arracan.
Eastern Pegu Hills (E. W.
Oates).
Eastern Pegu Hills.
Pahpoon, Tenasserim (W.
Davison).
Dargwin, Tenasserim (W.
Davison).
Beeling, Tenasserim (W.
Davison).
Thamban, Tenasserim (W.
Davison).
Thenganee Sakan, Tenasserim
. (W. Davison).
Assoon, Tenasselim (W.
Davison).
Mooleyit, Tenasserim (W.
Davison).
Meetan, Tenasserim (W.
Davison).
Amherst, Tenasserim (W.
Davison).
Sinzaway Forest, Tenasserim
(W. Davison).
Houngthraw River, Tenas-
Serim (W. Davison).
Thoungyeen River (C. T.
Bingham).
Thoungyeen Forest (C. T.
Bingham).
Raukaryit, Tenasserim (J.
Darling).
Thoungyah, Tenasserim (J.
Darling).
Moulmein (R. C. Beavan).
Karen Hills (Wardlaw
Ramsay).
Tonghoo, Burmah (Wardlaw
Ičamsay).
Siam.
India Museum.
As. Soc. Beng. [P.].
Hume Coll.
E. W. Oates [P.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Gould Coll.
2. PITTA. 419
d. Size large: upper surface black; breast white. (Calopitta.)
This is perhaps the finest and most brilliant form of the whole
group ; and, though allied to the next section, must stand alone.
6. Pitta maxima.
Pitta maxima, Müll. et Schleg. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 14; Gray, Gen.
B. i. p. 213; id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 351; Westerman, Bijdr. t. d.
Dierk. i. p. 45, Pitta, pl. 1; Schleg. Handl. t. d. Dierk. i. p. 253,
Aves, pl. 2. fig. 21; id. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 4, pl. i. fig. 4; id.
Mus, P-B. Pitta, p. 2 (1863), et p. 4 (1874); id. Ned. Tijdschr.
Dierk. iii. p. 189; Wallace, Ibis, 1859, p. 112, 1860, p. 197, 1864,
pp. 103, 105,108; Bernst. Nat. Tijdschr. Dierk. ii. p. 373; Salvad.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 772, xvi. p. 184; id. Orn. Pap.
ii. p. 378; Gould, B. New Guin. pt. ii. pl. 5.
Brachyurus maximus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 253; Elliot, Mon. Pitt.
pl. xii.; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 413.
Gigantipitta maxima, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7.
Leucopitta maxima, Gould, Mon. Pitt, pl. 7.
Above velvety black; wings black, with a white band across the
primaries; wing-coverts bright blue; secondaries edged with green;
tail black: beneath white, chin and sides of throat black; middle of
belly and crissum crimson; under wing-coverts black; bill black;
feet brown : whole length 11 inches, wing 5-5, tail 3, tarsus 2-5.
Female similar.
Plab. Gilolo.
a, b. 3 Q ad. ; Gilolo. A. R. Wallace [C.].
c. Ad, sk.
d. Ad, sk. Gilolo (Wallace). Purchased.
e. 6 a.d. sk. Gilolo. Salvin-Godman Coll.
f. Ad, sk. Gilolo. Gould Coll.
g. Ad. sk. Gilolo (Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
e. Cap brown, with a black mesial stripe ; lesser wing-coverts
and rump blue ; breast fawn-colour; crissum Scarlet : sexes
similar. (Pitta.)
Key to the Section.
A. Upper wing-coverts and rump dark purplish
lue.
Bill smaller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, cyanoptera, p. 420.
| Bill larger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8. megarhyncha, p. 421.
B. Upper wing-coverts and rump bright light blue.
a. Throat white.
a'. Whole belly scarlet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9. angolensis, p. 422.
b'. Only middle of belly scarlet.
a". Wings tipped with white . . . . . . 10. brachyura, p. 423.
b". Wings not tipped with white.
a". Breast pale greenish grey :
crown brown, with a black mesial
º:
| chin white . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11. nympha, p. 425.
| chin blackish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12. bertae, p. 425.
2 E 2
420
PITTIDAE.
b.
bºr. Breast deep ochraceous, crown
black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13. vigorsº, p. 426.
Throat black.
c. Smaller: centre of crown black. *
c". Superciliaries broad, brown. . . . . . 14, concinna, p. 426.
d". Superciliaries narrow, yellowish. *
Bill thinner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15, irena, p. 427.
| Bill thicker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, crassirostris, p. 427.
d'. Larger: crown deep brown, with a g
black mesial stripe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17. Strepitans, p. 428.
7. Pitta cyanoptera.
Merle des Moluques, Daub. Pl. Eml. 257 (?).
Turdus moluccensis, P. L. S. Müll. Natursyst., Suppl. p. 144 (1776).
Turdus macrourus fasciatus, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl. p. 16 (1783).
Corvus brachyurus, var. 6. madagascariensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 376
1788).
Mº. brachyura, Raff. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 300 (1822).
Pitta cyanoptera, Temm. Pl. Col. 218 (1823); Vig. Mem. Raffl.
p. 659 (1830); Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 394 (1831); Müll. et Sehl. Verh.
200l. Pitta, pp. 7, 17; G. R. Gray, Gen. B. º 213; Low,
Sarawak, p. 410; Blyth, Cat. Mus, A. S. p. 157; Moore, P. Z. S.
1854, p. 274; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. C. i. p. 183;
Mottl, et Dillw. Contr, Nat. Hist. Labuan, p. 22; Schlegel, Vog.
Ned. Ind. Pitta, pp. 9, 32, pl. 4, fig. 1 (1863); id. Mus. de Pays-
Bas, Pitta, p. 9 (1863), et p. 15 (1874); Wallace, Ibis, 1864,
pp. 105,110; Walden, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 545; Beavan, Ibis, 1870,
p. 322 (Moulmein); Salvad. Ibis, 1871, p. 248; id. Att. R. A. Sc.
Tor. ix. p. 631; id. Ucc. d. Borneo, p. 235; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879,
p. 262 (Borneo); Wicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 88 (Borneo).
Coloburis cyanoptera, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 4.
Pitta malaccensis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 960 (1843).
Brachyurus malaccensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 254.
Coloburis malaccensis, Cab, et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 4.
Brachyurus cyanopterus, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 153 (1847);
#. Consp. i. p. 254; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7; Elliot, Mon.
itt. pl. iv.
Pitta, tºº, Swinhoe, Ibis, 1861, pp. 412,414; id. P. Z. S. 1863,
p. 277 (Amoy).
Pitta moluccensis, Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 374; Oates, Str. Feath. v.
p. 149; id. B. Brit. Burm, i. p. 415; Hume et Dav. Str. Feath.
vi. p. 240; Hume, Str. Feath. viii. p. 94; Kelham, Ibis, 1881,
p. 509; David et Oust. Ois. d. Chine, p. 144 (S. China).
Brachyurus moluccensis, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 413; Hume, Str. Feath.
iii. p. 106; Blyth et Walden, B. Burma, p. 98; Sharpe, Ibis, 1877,
p. 10 (Borneo).
Above dark green ; cap brown, with a dark vertical stripe; sides
of head, united on the nape, black; rump brilliant blue ; wings
black, crossed by a broad white band which occupies the further
half of the primaries; lesser wing-coverts and edges of secondaries
bright blue like the rump; tail black, tipped with blue : beneath
deep fawn-colour, throat white, middle of belly and crissum crimson ;
2. PITTA.
421
under wing-coverts black; bill black; feet brown: whole length
7-3 inches, wing 4-6, tail 15, tarsus 1-5. Female similar.
Hab. Burmah, Siam, Southern China, Malay peninsula, and
Borneo.
a. Ad. sk.
b. 3 ad. sk.
c. Ad. sk.
d–g. 6 a.d.; h. Sº
ad. Sk
. SK.
3, j. Ad.; k, l, Jr.
sk
m. Ad. sk.
n, 0. 6 @ ad. sk.
p. Jr. sk.
q. & ad. sk.
*—t. & ad. ; w—
w. 'P ad.; ar.
d jr. sk.
Ay—d'. 6 a.d. sk.
e'—f'. 3 º ; g’—
". Q ad. sk.
wº. & ad.; f"—
p". Q ad. sk.
g"—v". 6 a.d.; wº',
a". Q ad, sk.
y". 6 a.d.; 2". Q
ad. ; a”. Q jr. sk.
b°--g°. 6 ad. ;
h”—k”. Q ad. sk.
l”. Ad. sk.
m”. Ad. sk.
°. Ad. sk.
. Q ad. sk.
. Ad. sk.
. Ad. sk.
. Ad, sk.
. Ad. Sk.
Ad. sk.
. Ad. Sk
77,
O
3.
:
7
3
:
Q)
3
*. Ad. Sk.
Pitta megarhyncha, Schl, Vog. Ned. Ind.
w°. 6 § ad. sk.
Thayetmyo, Pegu.
Thayetmyo (Wardlaw
Famsay).
Thayetmyo.
Tonghoo, Pegu (Wardl.
Ramsay).
Pegu.
Rangoon (J. Armstrong).
Rangoon (Wardl. Rams.).
Salween r. (Beavan).
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
E. W. Oates [C].
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Salween r. (Bingham). Hume Coll.
Amherst, Tenasserim (W. Hume Coll.
Davison).
Tavoy, Tenasserim (W. Hume Coll.
Davison).
Shymotee, Tenasserim (W. Hume Coll.
Davison).
Bankasoon, Tenasserim (W. Hume Coll.
Davison).
Kaukaryit, Tenasserim (J. Hume Coll.
Darling).
Kaukaryit, Tenasserim Hume Coll.
(Bingham).
Rossoom (J. Darling). Hume Coll.
Penang (Cantor). India Museum.
|Penang. India Museum
Penang. Gould Coll.
Malacca (Davison). Hume Coll.
Siam. Gould Coll.
Cambodia. Purchased.
Labuan. Tweeddale Coll.
Labuan (Low). R. B. Sharpe [P.].
N.W. Borneo. Sir H. Low [C].
Borneo. Tweeddale Coll.
Bintulu, Borneo (Everett). Purchased.
Borneo. Rajah Brooke [P.].
8. Pitta megarhyncha.
p. 11, pl. 4, fig. 2; id.
Mus, P-B. Pittà, p. 9 (1863), et p. 16 (1874); Elliot, Ibis, 1870,
p. 414, pl. xii.; Hume et Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 242; Hume, Str. F.
viii. 8. 94; Oates, B. Br. Burm. i. p. 416; Gould, B. Asia, v.
pl. 7
Brachyurus megarhynchus, Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 475; Wald, in
Blyth, B. Burm. p. 98.
422
PITTIDAE.
Similar to P. cyanoptera, but with a much larger bill.
Hab. Tenasserim and Malay peninsula.
a. Ad, sk. Rangoon. E. W. Oates [C.].
b. 3 ad. ; c. 9 Amherst, Tenasserim (W. Hume Coll.
jr. sk. Davison).
d. & ad. sk. Shymootee, Tavoy (W. Davi- Hume Coll.
SO??, ),
e. & ad. Sk. Mººn. Tanasserim (W. Hume Coll.
Davison).
f. §2 ad, sk. Choulai Creek, Mergui (W. Hume Coll.
Davison).
g. d ad. sk. Wippitan, Tenasserim (W. Hume Coll.
Davison).
h, i. 2 ad. sk. Tapraw, Island of Tonkah (J. Pſume Coll.
Darling). *
j—l. 3 ad.; m. Q Kossoom (J. Darling). Hume Coll.
ad. sk.
n. G ad. sk. Kossoom (J. Darling). Gould Coll.
o, p. 3 ad, sk. Johore, Malay Peninsula (W. Hume Coll.
Davison).
9. Pitta angolensis.
Pitta angolensis, Vieill. Nouv. Dict, iv. p. 356 (1816); id. Enc. Méth,
p. 685; Hartl. Orn. West-Afr. p. 74; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213;
Des Murs, Icon, Orn. pl. 46; Schleg. Mus, P-B. Pitta, p. 12
(1863), et p. 15 (1874); Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 105; Sharpe, Ibis,
1869, p. 187 (Fantee); Ussher, Ibis, 1874, p. 56 (Gold Coast).
Brachyurus angolensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; d. Consp. Vol. Anisod.
p. 7; Elliot, Mon. Pitt, pl. v.; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 414.
Pitta pulih, Fraser, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 190; Allen & Thoms. Niger
Eag. ii. p. 495; Müll. & Schl. Verh, Zool. Pitta, p. 18.
Above dark green ; broad vertical band black, bordered on each
side by a light brown stripe, which passes into whity-brown on the
lengthened superciliaries; sides of head black; wings and tail
blackish; wing-coverts greenish, with broad terminations of bright
blue ; rump bright blue; beneath cinereous fawn-colour, throat
white; belly Scarlet ; under wing-coverts and under surface of
wings black, with a white cross band on the inner webs of the
wing-feathers; bill black; feet yellow ; whole length 7-5 inches,
wing 4:3, tail 17. Female similar.
Hab. Tropical Africa.
The occurrence of a single typical Pitta in Africa is one of the
most remarkable facts in geographical distribution, all the remain-
ing species being exclusively Oriental and Australian forms.
a, b. Ad, sk. Fantee (Swanzy). R. B. Sharpe.
c. Jr. sk. Wassau (Blissett). R. B. Sharpe.
d. Ad, sk. Ashanti. Gould Coll.
e. Ad. sk. W. Africa. Gould Coll.
f. Ad. sk. W. Africa. Purchased.
9. Ad. St. W. Africa. Purchased.
2. PITTA. 423
10. Pitta brachyura.
The Short-tailed Pye, Edwards, Glean. iii. p. 242, t. 324.
Corvus brachyurus, Linn. S. N. i. p. 158; Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 166
(partim); Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 394.
Pitta brachyura, Royle, Ill. Bot. Himal. pl. 7, fig. 3; Gray, Ill.
Ind. Zool. ii. pl. 35. fig. 2; Jerdon, Madras Journ. x. p. 25;
Relaart, Prodr. Faun. Zeyl. p. 122; Layard, Ann. N. H. ser. 2,
xii. p. 269 (Ceylon); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213; Franklin, P. Z. S.
1830–31, p. 117; Gould, Cent. Him. B. pl. 23; Eyton, P. Z. S.
1839, p. 104 (Malacca); Müll. et Schleg. Verh. Pitta, p. 17;
Holdsw. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 445 (Ceylon); Legge, Ibis, 1874, p. 18
(Ceylon); Ball, Str. F. vii. p. 213 (Godavery).
Citta brachyura, Wagl. Syst. Av. (Corvus).
Coloburis brachyura, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 4.
Corvus brachyurus, var, bengalensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 376.
Pitta bengalensis, Vieill. Enc. Méth. p. 685; Stephens, Gen. Zool.
xiii. pt. 2, p. 183; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. C. i. p. 184;
Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 105; Jerdon, B. Ind. i. p. 503; id. Ibis,
1872, p. 133; Gould, B. Asia, v. pl. 64; id. Mon. Pitt, pl. i. ;
Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, p. 410 (Kattiawar); Schlegel, Mus, P-B. Pitta,
p. 15 (1874); Gray, Cat. Mamm. Birds Nepaul, p. 40 (1863);
Sel. P. Z. S. 1876, p. 696.
Brachyurus bengalensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 254; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod.
p. 7; Elliot, Mon, Pitt. pl. vi.
Pitta brachycerca, Legge, Ibis, 1875, p. 290 (Ceylon).
Turdus triostegus, Sparmm. Mus. Carls. pl. 84.
Pitta triostegus, Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. B. p. 157; Adams, P. Z. S.
1858, p. 489.
Le brêve de Malacca, Sonnerat, Voy. ii. p. 190.
Turdus malaccensis, Scop. Del. Faun. & Flor. Ins. ii. p. 95.
Pitta malaccensis, Schleg. Mus. P-B. Pitta, p. 12.
Citta abdominalis, Wagl. Syst. Av. Corvus, sp. obsc. 15.
Citta superciliaris, TWagl. Syst. Av. Corvus, sp. obsc. 17.
Turdus coronatus, P. L. S. Müll, Naturs., Suppl. p. 144 (P).
Pitta coronata, Hume, Nests & Eggs Ind. B. p. 224; Ball, Str. F.
ii. p. 406 (Chota Nagpur), et v. p. 416 (Centr. Ind.); Butler
& Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 470 (Mt. Aboo); Fairbank, Str. F. iv.
p. 257 (Khandala); Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 687.
Brachyurus coronatus, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 414.
Above green; vertical band black, bordered on each side by a
broad stripe of pale yellowish brown; narrow superciliaries buffy
white, produced on the nape into pale bluish lateral tufts; sides of
head black; wings black, with a broad white basal band, and with
broad white tips to the remiges; lesser wing-coverts and rump
bright light blue; greater wing-coverts green like the back :
beneath deep fawn-colour ; throat white ; middle of belly and
crissum scarlet ; under wing-coverts black, with a white patch;
under surface of wings black, with a broad white basal band; bill
blackish, with a light culmen ; feet yellowish : whole length
7 inches, wing 4, tail 1 -5. Female similar.
Hab. Indian peninsula, Ceylon, Assam, Arracan, and Tenasserim.
424
PITTIDAE.
a, b. 3 ad, ; c. 2
ad, sk.
d. 9 ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
f, g, d ad. sk.
h, i. Ad, sk.
j. Ad. sk.
k. Ad, sk.
l. 3 a.d. sk.
. Q ad. sk.
. 6 a.d. sk.
. Q ad. sk.
. & ad. sk.
r. Ad. sk.
. Ad, sk.
d ad. ; w—a.
Ad.; y, z, Jr. sk.
a'. 6 a.d. sk.
b'. Jr. sk.
c'. Ad, sk.
d". 6 a.d. sk.
', Q ad. sk.
. & ad. sk.
', h". Ad, sk.
, Ad. sk.
º
;
º
6
%
g
Q ad. sk.
a'. Q ad. sk.
9'. 6 a.d. sk.
z'. 6 ad. sk.
a". 3 ad, ; 5". Q
ad, sk.
c". Ad. sk.
d'', e". Ad. sk.
f". Ad. sk.
g". 3 ad. ; h", ".
8,
Å. sk
!"—o". Ad. sk.
p". Ad, sk.
q". Ad. sk.
r". & ad. sk.
s". Ad. sk.
t", "d". Q ad, ; v".
sk
Ad. sk.
w". Q ad. sk.
a". Ad. sk.
9". Ad, sk.
j'-g'. & ad.; r"—w'.
d; j", k".
Anadra, Mt. Aboo.
Simla.
Kangra.
Bareilly.
Behar.
Assam.
Lower Hills, Sikkim (L. Man-
delli).
Godavery Valley (W. T. Blan-
ford).
Godavery Valley.
Ungull, Orissa.
Mysore.
Sambulpur.
Coorg,
Mailghat forests, Berar.
Raipur.
Raipur.
Seoni district.
Dhulia, Khandeish (J. David-
son).
Ahmednugger (Fairbank).
Mahabaleshwar (Fairbank).
Khandala (Fairbank).
Calicut (Harris).
Calicut.
Belgaum (E. A. Butler).
Seegore (W. Davison).
Qotacamund (W. Davison).
Coonoor, Nilgherries.
Goodalore, Wynaad.
Malabar.
Madras.
Madras.
Madras.
Madras.
Anjango, Travancore.
Travancore.
Mynall, Travancore.
Eridge, Travancore.
Ceylon.
Pantura, Ceylon.
Ceylon.
Ceylon.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Pinwill Coll.
Hume Coll.
B. H. Hodgson, Esq.
[P.].
Gould Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
W. T. Blanford [C].
|Hume Coll.
W. Davison [C.].
Hume Coll.
India Museum.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Gould Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Swinhoe Coll.
Swinhoe Coll.
Swinhoe Coll.
Swinhoe Coll.
Hume Coll.
|Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
W. Davison [C].'
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Dr. Jerdon [P.].
Gould Coll.
Hume Coll.
Rev.H.H.Baber[C].
Hume Coll.
F. W. Bourdillon
[C.].
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Ca sw. V. Legge
C.T.
Capt. W. W. Legge
C
T." it waites, Esq.
[C.].
2. PITTA. 425
z"—c". Ad. sk. Ceylon (S. Chapman). Tweeddale Coll.
d”—g°. Ad. sk. Ceylon (Neville). Tweeddale Coll.
hº-j". Ad. sk. India. Gould Coll.
k”. Ad. sk. India. India Museum.
!”. Ad. st. India. Purchased.
11. Pitta nympha.
Pitta nympha, Temm. et Schleg. Faun. Jap., Aves, Suppl. t. A ; Wal-
lace, Ibis, 1864, p. 105; Swinhoe, P. Z. S. 1873, p. 730.
Brachyurus nympha, Bp. Consp. i. p. 254; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod.
p. 7; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pl. viii.; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 415.
Pitta oreas, Swinh. Ibis, 1864, p. 428 (Formosa); id. P. Z. S. 1865,
p. 678, 1871, p. 375; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 408; Gould, B. Asia,
v. pl. 65; David et Oust. Ois. d. Chine, p. 153.
Brachyurus oreas, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 415, pl. xiii. fig. 1.
Above dark green; crown brown, with a narrow black mesial
stripe, and black sides of the head, which unite in the black nape;
broad superciliaries pale yellowish fawn-colour, continued on to the
nape; lesser wing-coverts and rump bright light blue ; remiges
black, with a broad white transverse band; larger coverts and
secondaries green like the back: beneath pale greenish buff; throat
white ; middle of abdomen and crissum scarlet ; tail black, with a
blue tip; bill black; feet pale: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 4.7,
tail 1-6.
Hab. Tsusima Island, Gulf of Corea, N. China, and Formosa.
Pitta nympha was based by Temm. & Schlegel upon a Japanese
drawing. Swinhoe obtained a single specimen as a cage bird at
Chefoo, and many specimens have lately been procured by Mr.
Jouy in Tsusima Island in the Straits of Corea, from one of which,
kindly lent to me by Mr. Jouy, the accompanying description has
been taken.
I cannot separate P. oreas of Formosa from P. nympha. The
species is at once recognizable amongst its congeners by the very
pale fawn-colour, with a greenish tinge, of the body below.
a. 6 ad. sk. Chefoo, China (Swinhoe). H. Seebohm, Esq. [P.].
b. Ad, sk. IFormosa (Swinhoe). H. Seebohm, Esq. (Type
of P. oreas.)
12. Pitta bertae,
Pitta bertae, Salvad. Att. Ac. So, Tor. iii. p. 527 (1868); id. Ibis,
1871, p. 248; id. Uce. Born. p. 237, pl. iii.; Elliot, Ibis, 1870,
p. 409; Gray, Hand-l. iii. p. 192.
Pitta oreas, Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 263 (Borneo).
Similar to P. nympha, but with the chin blackish, and the sides
of the crown of a deeper colour.
Hab. Northern Borneo.
Mr. Sharpe has united P. bertae to P. oreas of Formosa. I cannot
separate the latter from P. nympha, and P. bertae comes certainly
426 IPITTIſ) AE.
very close; but I should like to see a better series from Borneo before
I join together two species from such different localities.
a. Ad. sk. N.W. Borneo. Sir H. Low [C.].
13. Pitta vigorsi.
Pitta brachyura, Vig. et Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xv. p. 218 (1826);
Meyer, Sitz, Isis, 1884, p. 43 (Dammar).
Pitta vigorsi, Gould, B. Austr. iv. pl. 2; id. Intr. B. Austr. p. 54;
Żd. Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 527; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213; Müll. &
Schl. Verh. Pitta, p. 17; Wallace, P. Z. S. 1862, p. 188; id. Ibis,
1864, pp. 104,106; Schleg. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 14, pl. 3. fig. 4;
d. Mus. P-B. Pitta, p.11 (1863), et p. 15 (1874); Meyer, Zeitschr.
ges. Orn. 1884, p. 210 (Timor-laut); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genoa, xvi. p. 185; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 392; id. P. Z. S. 1884,
p. 579 (Timor-laut).
Brachyurus vigorsi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod.
p. 7; Elliot, Mon. Pitt, pl. vii.; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 415.
Coloburis vigorsi, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 4.
Above dark green; crown, sides of head, and nape black, traversed
by two long superciliary stripes from the front to nape, which are
pale fawn-colour tinged with bluish ; remiges black, with a broad
white cross-band : larger coverts and secondaries green, like the
back; lesser wing-coverts and rump bright light blue : beneath
deep ochraceous, throat whitish ; centre of abdomen and Crissum
scarlet, darker and mixed with black on the abdomen ; tail black,
tipped with blue; bill black; feet pale: whole length 67 inches,
Twing 4.4, tail 1-7.
Hab. Banda Islands, and Timor-laut.
A very distinct species, easily known by its black crown and deep
ochraceous colour below.
a. Ad, sk. Blast Indies. Linn. Soc. Coll.
(Type of the species.)
b. 6 a.d. sk. Banda. A. R. Wallace, Esq.
14. Pitta concinna.
Pitta concinna, Gould, P. Z. S. 1857, p. 65; id. B. New Guinea,
pt. ix. pl. 6; Schleg. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 12, pl. 3. fig. 1;
id. Mus. P-B. Pitta, p. 10 (1863), et p. ił (1874); Wallace,
P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485; id. Ibis, 1864, p. 106.
Pitta mathilda, Verreaua, Rev. Zool. 1857, p. 303, pl. xi.
Brachyurus concinnus, Elliot, Mon. Pitt, pl.x.; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 416.
Brachyurus vigorsi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255 (err.).
Above dark green, crown, sides of the head, and nape black; broad
superciliaries from front to over the eye light brown, behind the eye
narrowed, pale bluish ; remiges black, with a small white speculum;’
larger coverts and secondaries green, like the back; smaller coverts
and rump bright blue ; tail black, tipped with greenish: beneath
pale fawn-colour; throat black, projected in the middle line down
the neck; middle of belly and crissum scarlet, darker and varied with
2. PITTA. 427
black in the centre of the abdomen; under wing-coverts black;
bill black; feet pale brown; whole length 6-3 inches, wing 4,
tail 1:4. Female similar.
Hab. Lombock and Flores.
The broad brown superciliary stripe from the front to the eye,
where it passes into very pale shining blue, distinguishes this
species.
a, d ad. ; Lombock. A. R. Wallace [C.j.
b. Ad, sk. -
c, d. Ad. Sk. Lombock (Wallace). Gould Coll.
e. Q ad. sk. Lombock (Wallace). Tweeddale Coll.
f. Ad. St. Lombock (Wallace). Purchased.
g, Jr. sk. Flores. Purchased.
15. Pitta irena.
Le Merle vert des Moluques, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 316.
Merle de Bengale, Daub. Pl. Enl. 258 (?).
Turdus coronatus, Mull. Naturs., Suppl. p. 144 (?)
Merula (Corvus) brachyurus, Bodd. Table d. Pl. Enl. p. 16 (?).
Pitta coronata, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 294.
Brève irene, Temm. Pl. Col. 591 (1836).
Pittairena, Temm. ibid.; id. Tabl. Méth. p. 16 (1838); Mill. Verh.
Ethn. p. 172; Mull. & Schl. Verh, Zool. Pitta, pp. 12, 17; Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 213; Wallace, Ibis, 1861, p. 350, et 1864, p. 106; id.
P. Z. S. 1863, p. 485 (Timor); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genoa, xvi.
p. 185; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 390.
Pitta elegans, Temm. Pl. Col. text to pl. 591.
Brachyurus irena, Bp. Consp. i. p. 254; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7;
Blliot, Mon. Pitta, pl. xi.; d. Ibis, 1870, p. 416.
Pitta brachyura, Gray, Gen. B. p. 213; id. P. Z. S. 1860, p. 351;
Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. iii. p. 189; id. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 13,
pl. 3. figs, 2, 3; id. Mus, P-B. Pitta, p. 11 (1863), et p. 14 (1874).
Above dark green ; crown, sides of the head, and nape black;
superciliaries from front to nape rather narrow, of equal width
throughout, pale yellowish ; remiges black, with a white speculum ;
secondaries and greater coverts green, like the back ; lesser coverts
and rump bright blue; tail black, tipped with green : beneath
fawn-colour; throat black, projected in the centre on the neck;
centre of belly and crissum scarlet, darker and mixed with black in
the middle of the abdomen; under wing-coverts black; bill black;
feet pale brown: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 4-3, tail 1:5.
Plab. Timor.
The narrow, uniformly coloured, light yellow superciliaries are the
principal distinctions between this species and P. concinna.
a. Ad. sk. Timor (v. Lansberg). Leyden Mus. [E.].
16. Pitta crassirostris.
Pitta crassirostris, Wallace, P. Z. S. 1862, pp. 188, 339; id. Ibis,
1864, p. 106.
Brachyurus crassirostris, Elliot, Mon, Pitt., Intr. p. 16.
Pitta magnirostris, Schleg. Ned, Tjdschr. iii. p. 188.
428 PITTID ZE.
Similar to P. rena, but rather larger, and distinguished by its
thicker and more compressed bill: whole length 7:4 inches, wing
4-6, tail 17.
Hab. Sula Islands.
a, b. Qad, sk. Sula Islands. A. R. Wallace [C.].
(Type of the species.)
c. Ad. sk. Sula Islands (Wallace). Gould Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Sula Islands. Gould Coll.
17. Pitta strepitans.
Pitta strepitans, Temm. Pl. Col. 333 (1825); Müll. & Schl. Verh,
Zool. Pitta, p. 16; Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 395; Jard, et Selby, Ill. Orn.
i. pl. 77; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. p. 156; Gray et Mitch. Gen.
B. i. p. 213; Gould, B. Austral. iv. pl. i.; id. Handb. B. Austral. i.
p. 430; Gray, P. Z. S. 1858, p. 191; id. Cat. B. New Guinea, p. 56;
Schleg. Mus, P-B. Pitta, p. 10 (1863), et p. 13 (1874); Wallace,
Ibis, 1864, p. 106; Krefft, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 319; Ramsay, Ibis,
1807, p. 416.
Pitta versicolor, Sw. Zool. Journ. i. p. 468.
Brachyurus strepitans, Bp. Consp. i. p. 254; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod.
p. 7; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pl. ix.; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 415.
Coloburis strepitans, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 3.
Pitta simillima, Gould, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 76; Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 295;
Schleg. Mus. P-B. Pitta, p. 13 (1874); Masters, Pr. Linn. Soc.
N. S. W. i. p. 54; Ramsay, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 187; d'Alb.
et Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 83 (Fly River, New
Guinea); Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xvi. p. 184; id. Orn. Pap.
ii. p. 389.
Płºń. Salvad. Att. Soc. It. xii. p. 551; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 296.
Pitta strepitans, var. simillima, Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 591.
Pitta assimilis, d'Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. x. p. 12; id. Ibis, 1877,
p. 368 (Torres Straits).
Above dark green ; crown dark chestnut-brown, with a slight
black vertical stripe; sides of head, nape, and back of neck black;
wing-feathers black, with a white speculum; margins of secondaries
and greater coverts green, like the back; lesser wing-coverts and
rump-band bright shining pale blue: beneath pale fawn-colour;
throat and centre of neck black; patch in centre of abdomen black;
lower belly and crissum Scarlet ; under wing-coverts black; tail
black, tipped with greenish; bill black; feet pale brown: whole
Tength 8:5 inches, wing 5, tail 2. Female similar.
Hab. Eastern Australia, islands of Torres Straits, and Southern
New Guinea.
The northern specimens (Pitta simillima) are smaller in size, but
not otherwise distinguishable, and there are several specimens in the
series of intermediate dimensions which it is difficult to assign to
either form without knowing the locality.
a. Subsp. typica.
a. Ad. St. Australia. Lady Carrington [P.].
b. Ad. sk. New South Wales. Gould Coll.
c. Ad, sk. Australia. J. E. W. Rushton [P.].
2. PITTA.
429
d. Ad. sk.
e. Ad. sk.
f—k. Ad.; l.
Jr. sk.
m. Ad, sk.
n—p. Ad. sk.
a. Ad. sk.
b, c, Ad.; d.
Jr. sk.
e, f. Ad. sk.
g. Ad. sk.
h, Jr. sk.
7, Jr. sk.
Moreton Bay (Strange).
Cape York.
Australia.
Australia.
North Australia.
b. Subsp. simillima.
Cape York.
Cape York.
Port Albany.
West Island, Torres Straits.
Somerset, Cape York (Cockerell).
Somerset, Cape York.
Gould Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Capt. Stanley [P.].
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Gould Coll. (Type
of P. simillima.)
Gould Coll.
Purchased.
Voy. H.M.S. “Alert.’
Salvin-Godman Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
f. Whole abdomen scarlet; bright superciliary stripe pale blue:
sexes similar. (Phoenicocichla.)
Key to the Section.
A. Without a blue breast-band.
a. Crown brown or black.
Back brown
| Back purplish black
b. Crown scarlet.
|Black front broad
- Black front narrow
B. With a blue breast-band
18. Pitta, Venusta,
& e s e g º a $ & e º e º ſº º q & e º e º is e e
tº e º & © & © tº e º tº e º e º e º º
e is tº a º e & s e s tº e º e e a e e
18. venusta, p. 429.
19, w8sheri, p. 430.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20, granatina, p. 430.
21. coccinea, p. 431.
22. arcuata, p. 431.
Pitta venusta, Müll. Tijdschr. v. Nat. Ges, ii. p. 348, pl. 9, fig. 4
(1835); Temm. P. Col. 590 (1836); Müll. & Schleg. Verh. Zool.
Pitta, pp. 6, 15; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213; Schleg. Pog. Ned. Ind.
Pitta, pp. 21, 36,
pl. v. figs, 4, 5; d. Mus. P-B. Pitta, p. 13
(1863) et p. 17 (1874); Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107; Salvad, Ucc.
Borneo, p. 241; Nicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 254 (Sumatra).
Brachyurus venustus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pl. xiv.;
id. Ibis, 1870, p. 416.
Erythropitta venusta, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7.
Above brown; head rather darker, with a narrow superciliary
stripe of pale blue behind the eye; wings and tail brown, greater
wing-coverts slightly edged with blue: beneath, throat and breast
brown like the back; abdomen dull scarlet ; bill black; feet dark
brown ; whole length 6-5 inches, wi
Hab. Sumatra and Borneo.
Java (?).
ng 3-5, tail 2.
a. Ad. St.
b. Ad. Sk,
Sumatra.
Purchased.
Gould Coll.
430 IPITTIDAE.
19. Pitta ussheri.
Pitta ussheri, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 94, et 1881, p. 798 (Borneo);
id. Ibis, 1879, p. 263 (Borneo); Nicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 88
(Borneo); Gould, B. Asia, v. pl. 75.
Above brownish black glossed with purple; head black; narrow
post-superciliary stripe pale blue; wings black; wing-coverts broadly
edged with blue : beneath, throat and breast brownish black with
purple wash; abdomen dull scarlet ; bill black; feet brown ; whole
length 5:5 inches, wing 3-5, tail 1:5. -
Hab. Borneo. -
Nearest to P. venusta, but distinguished by its darker back and
throat and the broad blue wing-edgings.
a. Ad, sk. Lawas r., Borneo (Ussher). Purchased. (Type of
. the species)
b. Ad.; c. Pull. sk. Borneo. Gould Coll.
* º - prud-e-rººt
20. Pitta granatina. = P.Soºº.” (-ovrº
Pitta granatina, Tamm. P. Col. 506 (1830); Less, Tr. d’Orn. p. 395;
Müll, & Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, pp. 10, 15, 20; Schleg. Handl.
Dierk. i. p. 253; id. Vog, Ned. Ind. Pitta, pp. 20, 35, pl. v. fig. 3;
*d, Mus, P-B. Pitta, p. 5 (1863) et p. 9 (1874); Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus, A. S. p. 157; id. J. A. S. B. xvi. p. 153; Gray, Gen. B. i.
p. 213; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. C. i. p. 184; Wallace,
Ibis, 1864, p. 107 (part.); Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 242; Gould, B.
Asia, v. pl. 67.
Brachyurus granatinus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; Elliot, Mon. Pitt.
pl. xv.; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 417; Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 10 (Borneo).
Pºrº, pºint, Pp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7; Walden, Ibis,
/ 2. D. j ( 4. -
Pºiº granatina, Cab, et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 5; Gray,
Band-l. i. p. 296.
Above dull black glossed with purple; back of crown and nape
scarlet; front of crown and sides of head black; superciliary stripe
behind the eye pale blue ; wings brownish black, coverts and
secondaries edged with purplish blue; beneath, throat dark purplish
brown; abdomen dull scarlet; tail dull black edged with purplish;
bill black; feet brown ; whole length 6 inches, wing 3-4, tail I-5.
Female similar. -
Plab. Borneo. S
The bright scarlet cap and purplish back are the distinguishing
features of this and the following species.
a, b. Ad. St. Java (?) - Purchased.
c. 6 a.d. sk. Sarawak, Borneo. Hume Coll.
d. 6 ad. sk. Paku, Borneo. H. Everett [C.].
e. 6 a.d. sk. Bintulu, Borneo. H. Everett [C].
f. 2 ad. sk. Sarawak, Borneo. A. R. Wallace [C].
g. Ad, sk. Borneo. Cuming Coll. -
h. 3 ad, ; i, j. 3 jr. sk. Jambusan, Borneo. Gould Coll.
k. & ad. sk. Marup, Borneo. Swinhoe Coll.
l. Ad. sk. Borneo (Mus. Lugd.). Gould Coll.
ºm. Ad. Sk. Borneo. Gould Coll.
2. PITTA. 431
21. Pitta coccinea.
Pitta coccinea, Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 104; Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii.
p. 961; Hume et Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 511; Hume, Str. F. viii.
p. 94; Oates, B. Br. Burm. i. 419 ; Gould, B. Asia, v. pl. 68.
Pitta granatina, Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 274; Moore et Horsf. Cat.
B. Mus. E.I. C. i. p. 184; Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 509 (Malacca);
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 432 (Perak).
Similar to P. granatina, but with only a narrow black front.
Hab. Malay Peninsula and Tenasserim.
a. 6 ad. sk. Klang, Salangore (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
b. 3 a.d. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace [C.].
c—h. Ad, sk. Malacca. Hume Coll.
7, j. Ad. sk. Malacca (Maingay). Swinhoe Coll.
ſc, l. Ad. sk. Malacca. Gould Coll.
m, n. Ad. sk. Malacca (Cantor). India Mus.
o. Pull. sk. Malacca. P. L. Sclater [P.].
p, q, Ad, sk. Singapore. Hume Coll.
r. 3 ad. sk. Mt. Ophir, Malacca (Wardlaw- Swinhoe Coll.
Jęamsay). º
s. 3 a.d. sk. Larut Hills, Perak. L. Wray [C].
t-v. 3 ad. ; Johore, Malay Peninsula (W. Davi- Hume Coll.
ac—z, 9 ad. Sk. Som).
f 22, Pitta arcuata.
Pitta (Phoenicocichla) arguata, Gould, Ann. N. H. ser, 4, vii. p. 340
(1871).
Phoenicocichla arquata, Gray, Hand-l. iii. p. 344; Gould, Mon.
Pitt, pl. 9.
Pitta arquata, Gould, B. Asia, v. pl. 69.
Pitta arcuata, Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 241; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 263
(Borneo); Everett, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 503 (Kinabulu).
Above dull green ; whole crown and nape and neck above dull
scarlet ; post-superciliary stripe bright blue; lores and sides of
head reddish brown; wings dull black, secondaries edged with
bluish grey, greater coverts tipped with blue ; tail blackish, edged
with blue: beneath, throat reddish brown, passing into dull scarlet
on the neck, below which is a bright blue pectoral band; abdomen
scarlet ; bill blackish ; feet brown : whole length 6 inches, wing
3-3, tail 1:5.
JHab. Borneo.
The bright blue pectoral band formed by pointed tips to blackish
feathers renders this species easily distinguishable.
a. Ad, sk. Borneo. Gould Coll. (Type
^** of the species.)
b. 6 a.d. sk. Sarawak. Swinhoe Coll.
432 PITTIDAE.
g. Whole abdomen scarlet, breast-band blue, head brownish red;
no bright superciliary stripe. (Erythropitta.)
Key to the Section *.
A. With a slight, if any, black lower margin
to the blue pectoral band.
a. Cap uniform reddish brown; no red
nuchal patch.
a'. Throat-patch black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23, erythrogastra, p. 432.
b'. Throat-patch brown.
Backgreenish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27. ruftventris, p. 434.
Back bluish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28, cyanonota, p. 435.
b. Cap with a blue vertical stripe, and red
nuchal patch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29. rubrinucha, p. 435.
B. With a distinct black lower margin to
the blue pectoral band.
With a distinct blue vertical stripe;
throat brownish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30. celebensis, p. 436.
Vertical stripe absent or evanescent;
throat black..... ... e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e. e s tº a 32. macklot, p. 436.
23. Pitta erythrogastra.
Pitta erythrogastra, Temm. Pl. Col. 212 (1823); Less. Tr. d’Orn.
p. 394; Müll. & Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 18; Blyth, Cat. B.
Mus. A. S. B. p. 157; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213; Schleg. Mus. P-B.
Pitta, p. 8 (1863) et p. 12 (1874); Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 106;
Wardl. Ramsay, Ibis, 1884, p. 334.
Brachyurus erythrogaster, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; Elliot, Mon. Pitt.
pl. xvi. ; d. Ibis, 1870, p. 417.
Coloburis erythrogaster, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 5.
Erythropitta erythrogastra, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7; Walden,
Trans. Zool. Soc. ix. p. 187; id. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 546, 1878, p. 948,
et 1879, p. 71; Wardl. Ramsay, Tweedd. Mem., App. p. 657.

Above dull green, shight neck-band and rump blue ; head reddish
brown; wing-feathers black, with a white speculum on the primaries;
secondaries and greater coverts edged with blue; lesser coverts
green like the back, with a white spot at the bend of the wing ;
tail blackish, edged with blue : beneath, chin brown, passing into
a large black guttural patch, in the centre of which the feathers
are white at the base; pectoral band blue; abdomen crimson; bill
black; feet brown : whole length 6-4 inches, wing 3-9, tail 14.
Female similar.
Bab. Philippine Islands.
a. Ad.j b. Jr. st. Philippine Islands (Cuming). Purchased.
c. 3 a.d. sk. Zamboanga, Philippines. ‘Challenger' Exp.
d. 92 ad. sk. Zamboanga, Philippines. H. Everett [C.].
* Species 24, 25, 26, and 31, of which I have not been able to examine
specimens, are not included in the Key.
2. PITTA. 433
€, ſ d 9 ad, ; g. Q jr. Zamboanga, Mindanao Tweeddale Coll.
Sk.
(Everett).
h. Ad, sk. Basilan (Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
i,j. Ad. ; k. Jr. sk. Manila, Luzon. Tweeddale Coll,
l. Ad, sk. Philippines. J. Gould, Esq.
m–0. Ad. sk. Philippines. Gould Coll.
24. Pitta propinqua.
Brachyurus propinquus, Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. i.
p. 330.
Similar to P. erythrogastra, but back and scapulars cobalt-blue
with a greenish band across ; throat entirely brownish black,
becoming jet-black on the fore-neck; chest bright blue, sides only
greenish. (Sharpe.)
Hab. Philippines, Mindanao.
Only two specimens obtained by Prof. Steere, of which the one in
the Collection is immature.
a, d jr. sk. Dumalon, Philippines. Prof. Steere [C.J. (Typical
specimen.)
25. Pitta caeruleitorques.
Pitta caerulitorques, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. ix. } 53 (1876);
Rowley, Orn. Misc. ii. p. 324, pl. lxiv.; Gould, B. N. Guin.
pt. vii. pl. 4.
Similar to P. erythrogastra, but cap of a uniform red, which
colour becomes very bright on the neck : the two obscure bands on
the sides of the cap absent; the sides of the head and the throat of
a reddish brown ; the blue of the breast more extended trans-
versely, and divided from the red of the abdomen by a distinct
black band; the dimensions rather larger.
Hab. Petta, Sanghir Islands.
26. Pitta, kochi.
Pitta kochi, Brüggem, Abhandl. nat. Ver, Bremen, v. p. 65, pl. iii.
fig. 6; Oustalet, Bull. Soc. Phil, sér. 7, vi. p. 256; Gould, B. Asia,
v. pl. 71.
Erythropitta kochi, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 430, pl.xxvi.
This species was based on a specimen in the Darmstadt Museum,
of which Mr. Gould gives the subjoined description :-
“General colour above dull olive-brown, with somewhat of a
ruddy tint on the sides of the neck and mantle; wing-coverts lilac-
grey, the primary-coverts and quills blackish brown; the primaries
externally greyish towards their ends; the secondaries and inner
greater coverts olive-brown, washed with lilac-grey on the outer
webs; the second, third, and fourth primaries with a large white
spot on the inner web, the last-named having the white spot on the
WOI. XIV. 2 F
U
434 |PITTIDAE.
outer web as well; upper tail-coverts and tail lilac-grey, the latter
darker; forehead and crown, as well as the lores, region of the eye,
and ear-coverts dark brown, the latter slightly shaded with an olive
tinge; nape and hind neck dull red; cheeks ashy brown, with a
bluish shade under certain lights, forming a very broad moustache;
throat reddish in the centre, brown on the sides, forming a malar
stripe; the fore-neck red with a tinge of lilac ; chest lilac-grey, the
sides olive-brown; remainder of under surface of body scarlet, the
sides olive-brown, with which colour the centre of the abdomen
is washed; under tail-coverts scarlet, the longer ones tipped and
edged with lilac-blue; thighs ashy grey; under wing-coverts dull
lilac-blue, some of the outer ones tipped with white; axillaries
olive-brown, like the back; quills ashy brown below, relieved by the
before-mentioned white spots on the primaries. Total length 7.5
inches, culmen 1-2, wing 4-7, tail 22, tarsus 2:1.”
Hab. Luzon, Philippines.
The large size and dark brown ear-coverts are the distinguishing
features of this Pitta.
27. Pitta rufiventris.
Colobulis rufiventris, Cab. et Heine, J. f. O. 1859, p. 406.
Pitta inornata, G. R. Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 350.
Brachyurus rufiventris, Elliot, Mon. Pitt, pl. xix.; id. Ibis, 1870,
. 418.
Płº rufiventris, Schleg. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, pp. 17, 34; id. Mus.
P-B. Pitta, p. 7 (1863), et p. 12 (1874); id. Ned. Tijdschr, iii.
p. 189; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, pp. 105, 106; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ.
Genov. vii. p. 777, xvi. p. 185; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 401.
Erythropitta rufiventris, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 296.
Above dull green, rump blue; head reddish brown; wing-feathers
black, with a white speculum on the primaries, secondaries and
coverts edged with bluish green; tail blackish with blue edgings:
beneath, throat brown, broad breast-band blue narrowly margined
with blackish below ; abdomen scarlet: bill horn-colour; feet
brown; whole length 7 inches, wing 3-5, tail 1:5. Female similar.
Hab. Batchian and Halmaheira (Gilolo), also Dammar and Obi.
The combination of the uniform reddish head with an earthy-
brown throat and green back distinguishes this species.
a, b, d ad. sk. Batchian. A. R. Wallace, Esq.
(T. of P. inornata ?)
c, d. Ad. sk. Batchian (Wallace). ould Coll.
e. Ad. sk. Batchian. Purchased.
J. & ad. sk. Batchian. H. Seebohm, Esq.
[P.].
g, Jr. sk. Gilolo (Bernstein). Gould Coll.
h. i ad, ; 2. Ad. Gilolo. A. R. Wallace [C].
SK.
j. i ad. ; k. Ad. Gilolo (Wallace). Gould Coll.
W. Jr. sk. Celebes (?). Gould Coll.
2. PITTA. 435
28. Pitta cyanonota.
Pitta cyanonota, G. R. Gray, P. Z. S. 1860, p. 351; Schleg. Vog.
Ned. Ind. Pitta, pp. 18, 35; id. Mus. P-B. Pitta, p. 8 (1863), et
p. 13 (1874); id. Ned. Tijdschr. iii. p. 188, iv. p. 15; Wallace, Ibis,
1864, pp. 105, 186; Gould, B. New Guinea, pt. xi, pl. 2; Salvad.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xvi. p. 185; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 402.
Bºus cyanonotus, Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pl. xx, ; id. Ibis, 1870,
. 418.
Eºit, cyanonota, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 296.
Similar to P. ruftventris, but whole back, rump, and wing-coverts
uniform dull blue.
Hab. Ternate and Guebé.
The occurrence of this species in the island of Guebé”, on the fur-
ther side of Halmaheira, as well as in Ternate, is a very singular
fact in distribution, if authentic, as the corresponding species in the
intervening island is P. rufiventris.
a. 6 ad. sk. Ternate. A. R. Wallace [C]
(Type of the species.)
b. Ad. sk. Ternate. Tweeddale Coll.
c. Jr. sk. Ternate (Meyer). Tweeddale Coll.
d. Ad. Sk. Celebes (?). Gould Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Menado, Celebes (?). Hume Coll.
29. Pitta rubrinucha.
Pitta rubrinucha, Wall. P. Z. S. 1862, p. 187, et 1863, p. 25; id. Ibis,
1864, p. 106; Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. iii. p. 188; id. Mus, P-B.
Pitta (1874), p. 12; Gould, B. New Guinea, pt. vii. pl. 7; Salvad.
Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. viii. p. 375, xvi. p. 185; id. Orn. Pap. ii.
p. 393. - e. e. -
Brachyurus rubrinucha, Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pl. xviii.; id. Ibis, 1870,
p. 418.
Erythropitta rubrinucha, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 297.
Above dull green; wing-feathers black, with a white speculum on
the primaries; lesser coverts edged with bluish, and with a white
spot on the bend of the wing; head reddish brown, with a blue
vertical stripe and Scarlet patch on the nape; tail bluish : beneath,
throat and sides of head brown, passing into blackish brown on the
fore neck and into greyish on the ear-coverts; breast-band clear
greyish blue, with a very slight blackish inferior margin; abdomen
scarlet; bill horn-colour; feet brown : whole length 7 inches, wing
3:8, tail 1:5.
PIab, Bourou.
The scarlet nuchal patch at once distinguishes this species.
a. 3 ad. ; b. 3 jr. ; c. Bourou, A. R. Wallace [C].
Jr. sk. (Types of the species.
* Cf. Schlegel, Mus, P.-B., Pitta (1874), p. 13.
2 F
436 PITTID ZE.
30. Pitta celebensis.
Pitta celebensis, Westerm. Bijdr, t, d. Dierk, i. p. 46, Pitta, pl. 3;
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213; Wallace, Ibis, 1860, p. 142, et 1864,
p. 106; Schleg. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 17, pl. 4, fig. 4: id. Mus.
P-B. Pitta, p. 6 (1863), et p. 10 (1874); Gould, B. New Guin.
pt. vii. pl. 6; Brügg, Abh, nai. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 64 (Celebes);
Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 552 (Celebes); Salvad. Ann. Mus.
Civ. Genov. vii. p. 663.
Brachyurus celebensis, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; Elliot, Mon. Pitt,
pl. xvii.; d. Ibis, 1870, p. 418.
Erythropitta celebensis, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7; Meyer, Ibis,
1879, p. 126.
Above dull green ; slight cervical collar and rump blue; head
reddish brown, with a blue vertical stripe; wing-feathers black, with
a white speculum on the primaries, coverts edged with blue; tail
black, edged with bluish : beneath, throat brown, passing into a
black neck-patch ; broad pectoral band greyish blue, passing into
green at the sides and bordered below by a chestnut-black band;
abdomen scarlet; bill horn-colour; feet brown : whole length 7
inches, wing 4, tail 1-6. Female similar.
Hab. Celebes.
a, b. 3 9 ad. sk. Menado, N. Celebes. A. R. Wallace [C].
c. Ad. sk. Menado, Celebes. Tweeddale Coll.
d, e. d ? ad, sk. Macassar, Celebes. A. R. Wallace [C.].
f—h. Ad. Sk, Celebes. Gould Coll.
7. 6 a.d. sk. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll.
j. Ad, sk. S.W. Celebes. Tweeddale Coll.
31. Pitta palliceps.
Pitta palliceps, Brüggem. Abh, nat. Ver. Bremen, v. p. 64.
Nearest to P. celebensis, but rather smaller, bill longer and
differently shaped; head very bright; nape rusty yellowish ; no
black band on the breast. (Brüggemann.)
Hab. Siao, Sanghir Islands.
32. Pitta mackloti.
Pitta mackloti, Temm. Pl. Col. 547 (1834); Müll. & Schleg. Verh.
Zool. Pitta, pp. 12, 18; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213; id. P. Z. S.
1858, p. 175, 1859, p. 155, 1861, p. 434; id. & B. New Guinea,
p.26; Sclat. Proc. Linn. Soc. ii. p. 158; id. P. Z. S. 1877, p. 99
(New Britain); Schleg, Vog, Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 15, pl. 4, fig. 3;
id. Mus, P-B. Pitta, p. 7 (1863) et p. 10 (1874); id. Ned. Tijdschr.
iii. pp. 188, 189; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, pp. 102, 105, 106; Krefft,
P. Z. S. 1867, p. 319 (Cape York); Gould, Suppl. B. Austral.
pl. 29; Salvad. Ann, Mus. Cºv. Genov. vii. p. 778, x. p. 128, xiv.
p. 656, xvi. p. 185; id. Ibis, 1879, p. 324; id. Orm. Pap. ii. p. 395;
Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. ii. p. 187, iii. p. 277, iv. p. 98;
Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 643 (Salwatti, Waigiou, Mysol);
Nehrkorn, J. f. O. 1885, p. 33 (eggs).
2. PITTA. 437
Brachyurus mackloti, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; Wallace, Ann. N. H.
ser. 2, xx. p. 477; Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. xxv. p. 232; d. J. f. O.
1864, p. 119 ; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 418.
Erythropitta mackloti, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7; Gray, Hand-l.
i. p. 296.
Brachyurus (Erythropitta) mackloti, Elliot, Mon. Pitt, pl. 21.
Pitta digglesi, Krefft, Ibis, 1869, p. 350.
Pitta strenua, Gould, M.S.; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 410 (New Guinea).
Pitta novae-hiberniae, Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. iii. p. 73
[cf. Salvad. Ibis, 1879, p. 324].
Above dull green ; rump, upper tail-coverts, and wing-covert
blue; wing-feathers black, with a large white speculum on the pri-
maries; head reddish brown, with an obscure patch on the vertex,
which sometimes becomes bluish : beneath, chin brown, passing
into a large black guttural patch ; broad breast—band greyish blue,
bordered below by a wide black margin ; abdomen scarlet ; bill
horn-colour; feet brown ; whole length 7 inches, wing 4, tail l'6.
Female similar.
Hab. Waigiou, Salwatti, Mysol, New Guinea, Aru Islands,
Cape York, and New Britain.
This form is closely allied to P. celebensis, but there are only
traces of the blue vertical stripe in certain individuals, and this
is by no means constant. Curiously enough this feature is most
apparent in specimens from the extreme ends of the range, Mysol
and New Britain. Besides this the throat is much blacker in P.
mackloti, and there are no traces of the blue collar at the back of
the neck.
a. 6 ad. sk. Mysol. Tweeddale Coll.
b, c. Ad, sk. Mysol. Gould Coll.
d. 6 a.d. sk. Waigama, Mysol (Bern- Salvin-Godman Coll.
Stein).
e, f. 6 Qad. sk. Dorey, New Guinea. A. R. Wallace [C.].
g. Ad, sk. New Guinea. A. R. Wallace [C].
h, i. Ad. sk. New Guinea (Wallace). Gould Coll.
j. Ad, sk. New Guinea (?). Gould Coll.
(Erythropitta strenua, Gould MS.)
k, l, 3 Q ad. sk. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace [C].
m. Jr. sk. Cape York. Tweeddale Coll.
n—p. Ad.; q. Cape York. Gould Coll.
Jr. sk.
r. Ad. sk. Somerset, Cape York. Gould Coll.
s. Ad, sk. Somerset, Cape York Salvin-Godman Coll.
(Cockerell . Thorpe).
t, wº. Ad, sk. N. Australia. Salvin–Godman Coll.
v. Jr. sk. East Cape, New Guinea. K. Hunstein [C.].
w. Ad, sk. Port Moresby, New A. Goldie [C].
Guinea,
a. Jr. sk. New Britain (Kleinschmidt). Godeffroy Mus.
sy. Ad, sk. New Britain (Finsch). Tweeddale Coll.
2. Ad, sk. New Britain (Brown). Tweeddale Coll.
a', b'. Ad, sk. Kalahadai, New Britain Sclater Coll.
(Brown).
c'. Ad, sk. Loc, ign. Gould Coll.
438 PITTIDAE.
hº. Back bright green, with a rump-band of light shining blue ;
head black or chestnut surrounded by black; crissum Scarlet ;
sexes similar. (Melanopitta.)
Key to the Section.
A. Whole head and throat black.
a. Wing-end white with a black tip.
Smaller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • * * * * * * * * . 33. atricapilla, p. 438.
Larger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34. muelleri, p. 439.
Largest . . . . . . . . . . * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 35. Sanghirana, p. 440.
b. Wing black, with a white speculum:
anks green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , , 36. novae-guineae, p. 440.
}. purple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 38. rosenbergi, p. 441.
c. Wing black; tail green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39. forsteni, p. 442.
B. Head and nape black; throat white . . . . . . 40. Steerii, p. 442.
C. Sides of head and throat black; crown
chestnut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41. cucullata, p. 442.
* e º a 4 s e º a tº & J & 8 tº * * * * * 42, iris, p. 444.
33. Pitta atricapilla.
Merula viridis atricapilla moluccensis, Briss. Orn. ii. p. 319 (?).
Merle des Philippines, Daub. Pl. Eal. 89 P
Brève des Philippines, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois, iii. p. 412 (?).
Turdus sordidus, P. L. S. Müller, Natursyst. Suppl. p. 143, no. 51
1776) P
Tº brevicauda, Bodd. Tabl. d. Pl. Enl. p. 6 (1783) P
Corvus brachyurus, var. 3. philippensis, Gm. S. N. i. p. 375 (?).
Citta melanocephala, Wagl, Syst, Av. Corvus, no. 14 (1827).
Pitta atricapilla, Less. Tr. d’Orn, p. 394 (1831); id. Compl. d.
Buffon, p. 501 (1848); Temm. P. Col. Tab. Méth. p. 16 (1832);
Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 214; Gould, B. Asia, y, pl. 76.
Brachyurus atricapillus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 256; Elliot, Mon. Pitt,
l. XXV.
Melanopitta atricapilla, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod, p. 7.
Colobulis brevicauda, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 5.
Melanopitta sordida, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 949; d. Trans. Zool.
Soc. ix. pp. 187,250; Wardl. Ramsay, Tweedd. Mem., App. p. 657.
Brachyurus Sordidus, Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. i. p. 331;
Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 419 (part.).
Pitta sordida, Sharpe, Ibis, 1884, p. 321 (Palawan).
Pitta philippensis, Müll. & Schl. Verh, Zool. Pitta, p. 19; Schl. Mus.
P-B. Pitta, p. 2 (1863), et p. 5 (1874).
Pitta macrorhyncha, Gray, Zool. Misc. p. 3 (1831).
Pitta leucoptera, Elliot, Proc. Ac. So, Phil, 1861, p. 153 (?).
Above green; whole head, neck, and throat black; lesser wing-
coverts and broad rump-band bright shining blue ; primaries white,
tipped with black; tail black, slightly tipped with bluish ; abdomen
green, with a central patch of black mixed with red; lower belly
* I have not seen specimens of P. mafoorama of this section (no. 37), and
have consequently not placed it in the Key.
2. PITTA. 439
and crissum scarlet; under wing-coverts black; bill black; feet
dark brown: whole length 6-5 inches, wing 4.5, tail 1:4. Female
similar.
Hab. Philippines.
The amount of white in the wing-end varies much, even in
individuals from the same locality.
a. Ad, sk. Manila, Luzon (Maitland- Tweeddale Coll.
Beriot).
b. 3 ad. sk. Luzon (Meyer). Tweeddale Coll.
c. SP ad. sk. Negros (Meyer). Tweeddale Coll.
d. Ad. sk. Dasilan. Prof. Steere [º].
e. Ad. sk. Zamboanga, Mindanao. A. Everett #
J-m. 3 ad, ; n- Zamboanga, Mindanao Tweeddale Coll.
p. 2 a.d. sk. (Everett).
q. Jr. sk. Puerto Princesa, Palawan. Prof. Steere [C].
*—t. Ad. sk. Philippines. Gould Coll.
w. Ad. sk. " Philippines. Purchased.
v. Ad. St. Camiguin, Philippine Islands. Purchased.
w. Jr. st. Philippine Islands (Cuming). Purchased.
34. Pitta muelleri.
Pitta atricapilla, Müll. & Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, pp. 8, 19; Müll.
Verh, Ethn. p. 405; Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co.
i. p. 399; Schl. Handl. Dierk. i. p. 254; id. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta,
6, pl. ii. figs. 2, 3; id. Mus. P-B. Pitta, p. 3 (1863), et p. 5
1874); Pelz. Novara-Reise, Vög. pp. 70, 161; Gould, B. Asia,
v. pl. 76.
Bºº muelleri, Bp. Consp. i. p. 256; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pl. xxvi.;
Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 104 (Labuan); id. Ibis, 1877, p. 10
(Borneo).
Pitta muelleri, Scl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 215; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 106;
Walden, Trans. Zool. Soc. viii. p. 62; Salvad. Uce. Born. p. 240;
Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 263; id. P. Z. S. 1879, p. 346 (Labuan), et
1881, p. 798 (Borneo); Nichols. Ibis, 1882, p. 63 (Sumatra), et
1883, p. 88 (Borneo); Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 413.
Coloburis muelleri, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 4.
Melanopitta muelleri, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7; Walden, Ibis,
1872, p. 374.
Biº sordidus, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 419 (part.).
Pitta malaccensis, Müll. & Schl, Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 19.
Similar to P. atricapilla, but of rather larger dimensions.
Hab. Borneo, Sumatra, and Banka.
a. Ad.; b. Jr. st. Borneo. Purchased.
c. 2 ad, sk. Bintulu, Borneo. Burchased.
d, e. d ? ad. Sk, Marup, Borneo. Tweeddale Coll.
f. Jr. sk. Lawas River, Borneo. H. Veitch, Esq. [P.].
g. Ad sk. Sarawak, Borneo. Tweeddale Coll.
h. Q jr. sk. Jambusan, Borneo. Gould Coll.
8, j. Ad, sk. Borneo. J. Gould, Esq.
k—p. Ad. sk. Labuan (Low). R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].
q, Jr. sk. Labuan. Sir H. Low [C.].
440 BITTIDAE.
r. Ad. sk. JBanka. Gould Coll.
8. Ad.; t. 9 a.d.; Sumatra. A. R. Wallace [C.].
w, Jr. sk.
v. Ad. sk. Timor (?). Purchased.
35. Pitta Sanghirana.
Pitta atricapilla sanghirana, Schlegel, Ned. Tijdschr, iii. p. 190
(1866).
Pitta sanghirana, Meyer in Rowley's Orn. Misc. ii. p. 329, pl. lxy...;
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. ix. p. 54; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 411.
Similar to P. muelleri, but rather larger.
Hab. Sanghir Islands.
It would be more logical, perhaps, to unite this and the two
preceding species, but I prefer to leave matters as I find them for
the present.
a. Ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. Gould Coll.
b. ? ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. R. B. Sharpe, Esq. [P.].
c. Ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. Purchased.
d, d ad. sk. Sanghir Islands. Tweeddale Coll.
36. Pitta nowa-guineae.
Pitta atricapilla, Quoy et Gaim. Voy. Astr., Zool. i. p. 258, pl. 8, fig. 3.
Pitta novae-guineae, Müll, et Schleg. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 19; Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 214; id. P. Z. S. 1858, p. 175 (Aru), 1859, p. 156,
1861, p. 434 (Mysol); id. Cat. B. New Guin. p. 26; Sel. Proc.
Linn. Soc. ii. p. 158; Schleg. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 7, pl. 2. fig. 4;
id. Mus. P-B. Pitta, p. 4 (1863), et p. 6 (1874); id. Ned, Tijdschr.
iii. p. 189, et iv. pp. 15, 16; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, pp. 102, 105,106;
JD'Albertis, P. Z. S. 1875, p. 531; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii.
p. 798; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 777, viii. p. 398,
ix. p. 37, X. p. 128, xvi. p. 184; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 380; Salvad, et
d'Alb. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 84; Sharpe, Journ. Linn. Soc.,
Zool. xiii. p. 315, xiv. p. 687; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W.
iii. p. 277, iv. p. 98; Gould, B. New Guinea, pt. iv. pl. 1; Guillem.
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 643 (Mysol, Salwatti, Batanta).
Brachyurus novae-guineae, Bp. Consp. i. p. 256; Wallace, Ann. N. H.
ser. 2, xx. p. 477; Rosenb. Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. xxv. p. 232;
id. J. f. O. 1864, p. 119; Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 420.
Melanopitta novae-guineae, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7.
Brachyurus (Melanopitta) novae-guineae, Elliot, Mon. Pitt, pl. xxvii.
Above bright green; whole head, neck, and throat black; lesser
wing-coverts and narrow rump-band (sometimes almost obsolete)
bright silver-blue; wing-feathers black, with a small white specu-
lum; tail blackish, edged with green; abdomen dark green, tinged
with bluish on the flanks, with a black median patch; lower belly
and crissum scarlet ; under wing-coverts black; bill black; feet
brown ; whole length 6-5 inches, wing 4, tail 1.5. Female similar.
Hab. New Guinea, Waigiou, Batanta, Salwatti, Mysol, Gagie,
and Aru Islands.
2. PITTA. 441
The very narrow rump-band and dark belly readily distinguish
this species from the three preceding.
a. Ad, sk. Aleya, S.E. New Guinea Gould Coll.
(Dr. James).
b, c, d ad, sk. Dorey, N. Guinea. A. R. Wallace [C.].
d. Ad. sk. New Guinea (Wallace). Gould Coll.
e, f d ad. ; g. Aru Islands. A. R. Wallace [C.].
Q ad. sk.
h—m. Ad. sk. Aru Islands. Gould Coll.
7. Ad. sk. Salwatti. Gould Coll.
o. Ad. sk. Salwatti. Tweeddale Coll.
p. 9 a.d. sk. Mysol (Rosenberg). Salvin-Godman Coll.
q. d ad. sk. Mysol. A. R. Wallace [C.].
7. Ad. sk. Gagie Island. Purchased.
8. Ad, sk. New Guinea (?). Salvin–Godman Coll.
37. Pitta mafoorana.
Pitta novae-guineae mafoorama, Schleg. Mus. P-B. Pitta (1874),
p. 8; Meyer in Rowl. Orn. Misc. ii. p. 268.
Pitta maforeana, Beccari, Ann. Mus, Civ. Genov. vii. p. 709; id.
Ibis, 1876, p. 248.
Pitta maforensis, Gould, B. New Guinea, pt. vii. pl. 5.
Pitta mafoorana, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xvi. p. 184; d.
Orn. Pap. ii. p. 386.
Similar to P. novae-guineae, but without any white speculum;
tail black, tipped with green ; greater tail-coverts black, edged with
blue, smaller tail-coverts pale metallic green ; blue on the abdomen
darker. (Schlegel.)
Hab. Mafoor Islands, Bay of Geelvink.
38. Pitta rosenbergi.
Pitta rosenbergi, Schleg. Ned. Tijdschr. iv. p. 16 (1873); id. Mus.
P-B. Pitta (1874), & 8; Rosenb. Reist. m. d. Geelvinkö. p. 138;
Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. vii. p. 709; id. Ibis, 1876, p. 247;
Gould, B. New Guin. pt. iv. pl. 2; Rowley, Orm. Misc. ii. p. 264,
pl. lxii; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov, xvi. p. 184; id. Orn. Pap.
ii. p. 387.
Similar to P. novae-guineae, but sides of the abdomen deep purple,
tail and greater tail-coverts black, and black of the throat rather
more extended over the neck.
Hab. Misori and Soek Islands, New Guinea.
a. Q Ad. Sk, Kordo, Misori I., Bay of Gould Coll.
Geelvink (Meyer).
b. Ad. sk. Soek I., Bay of Geelvink Gould Coll.
(Meyer).
c. 3 ad, sk. Soek I., Bay of Geelvink Tweeddale Coll.
(Meyer).
442 JPITTIDAE.
39. Pitta forsteni.
Pitta melanocephala, Müll & Sohl, Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 19; Westerm.
Bijdr, t, d. Dierk. i. p. 46, Pitta, pl. 2; Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 214;
Schleg. Vog. Ned. Ind. Pitta, p. 3, pl. 2. fig. 1; id. Mus. P.-B.
Pitta, p. 4 (1863), et p. 9 (1874); Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 106.
Brachyurus forsteni, Bp. Consp. i. p. 256; Elliot, Mon. Pitt, pl. xxiv.;
id. Ibis, 1870, p. 419.
Melanopitta forsteni, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7; Meyer, Ibis,
1879, p. 126.
Pitta forsteni, Gould, B. New Guinea, pt. i. pl. 7.
Above green ; whole head, neck, and throat black; lesser wing-
coverts and rump-band bright silver-blue; tail above green ; wing-
feathers black; abdomen green like the back, but rather clearer,
with a black median patch; lower belly and crissum scarlet ; under
wing-coverts black; bill black; feet pale brown : whole length 7-5
inches, wing 4.7, tail 1-8. Female similar.
Hab. Celebes.
Immediately distinguishable by its large size, green tail, and
uniform black remiges.
a. Ad, sk. Menado, Celebes. Gould Coll.
b, c, Jr. sk. Celebes (?). Gould Coll.
40. Pitta steerii.
Brachyurus steerii, Sharpe, Nature, xiv. p. 297 (1876); id. Trans.
Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Zool. i. p. 329, t. xlix.
Melanopitta steerii, Tweedd. P. Z. S. 1878, p. 949 (Zamboanga).
Pitta steerii, Gould, B. Asia, v. pl. 74.
Cyanopitta steerii, Gould, Mon. Pitta, pl. 8.
Above green; whole head and nape above black; wing-coverts
and rump-band bright silver-blue; tail black: beneath, throat white,
abdomen bright silver-blue; middle of belly jet-black; crissum
scarlet ; under wing-coverts black; bill black ; feet brown : whole
length 7 inches, wing 4.9, tail 17.
Hab. Philippines.
It is impossible to mistake this noble species, distinguished at
once by its pure white throat and silver-blue under surface.
a. 6 jr. sk. Dumalon, Mindanao. J. B. Steere [C].
(Authentic specimen.)
b. Ad. Sk, Zamboanga (Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
41. Pitta cucullata.
Pitta cucullata, Hartl. Rev. Zool. 1843, p. 65; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus.
A. S. B. p. 157; Strickl, Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. p. 410, t. xxi.; Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 213; id. Cat. Mamm. & B. Nepaul, p. 40; Moore,
P. Z. S. 1854, p. 274; Cassin, Orn. U.S. Expl. Evp. ed. 2, p. 437;
Schleg. Mus. P-B. Pitta, p. 4 (1863) et p. 5 (1874); Jerd. B. Ind.
i. p. 504; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 106; Fº Str. F. v. p. 457;
Hume et Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 243; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 94; Oates,
2. PITTA. 443
B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 414; Kelham, Ibis, 1881, p. 509 (Perak);
Gould, B. Asia, v. pl. 82; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. ser. 2,
vol. iv. p. 597 (Bhamo).
Brachyurus cucullatus, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; Elliot, Mon. Pitt.
pl. xxviii. : id. Ibis, 1870, p. 420; Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 109; Blyth,
B. Burm. p. 98.
Coloburis cucullata, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 4.
Melanopitta cucullata, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7.
Pitta nigricollis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 960 (1843); id. Ibis, 1866,
. 374.
{{ É rodogaster, Hodgs,” Blyth, J. A. S. B. xii. p. 961.
Pitta malaccensis, Mull. & Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 19.
Pitta coronata, Peale, Orn. U.S. Expl. Eap. ed. 1, p. 89.
Pitta bangkana, Schl. Pog. Ned. Ind. p. 8, pl. 2. fig. 5; id. Mus. P-B.
Pitta, p. 3 (1863); Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 106.
Brachyurus bangkana, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 420, pl. xiii. fig. 2.
Above green; sides of head and nape black, crown chestnut ;
lesser wing-coverts and rump-band silver-blue; wings black, with a
broad white band across the apical portion of primaries, leaving the
wing-end black: beneath bright green ; throat black; central patch
on belly black; lower belly and crissum scarlet ; under wing-
coverts black; bill black; feet brown ; whole length 6-5 inches,
wing 4-5, tail 1:5.
Hab. Nepal, and thence through Assam and Malay Peninsula to
Banka Island.
Except as regards the chestnut cap, this species belongs to the
typical section of the present group, and is obviously allied to
P. atricapilla.
a. Ad. St. East Indies. Purchased.
5–d. Ad. sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson, Esq.[P.].
e—h. Ad.; i, k. Native Sikkim (L. Man- Hume Coll.
Jr. sk. delli).
l—t. Ad.; w. Jr. sk. Sikkim (L. Mandelli). Hume Coll.
w—w. Ad, sk. Darjeeling. Hume Coll.
$y. Ad, sk. Bhotan Doars (L. M.). Hume Coll.
z—b'. & ad. sk. Sadhyia, Assam (J. Hume Coll.
Cockburn).
c-f', d' ad, sk. Dibrughur, Assam (J. R. Hume Coll.
Cripps).
g'. Ad. sk. Khasia Hills (Chennell). Tweeddale Coll.
h'. Ad. sk. Tipperah. Hume Coll.
8', j'. Ad. sk. Thayetmyo, Brit. Burmah. Tweeddale Coll.
k'. 3 ad.; l'. Q Pegu Hills (E. W. Oates). Hume Coll.
ad. sk.
m", n'. 6 & ad. sk. Pegu Hills. E. W. Oates [C.].
o'. 3 ad.; p". Sº Amherst, Tenasserim (W. Hume Coll.
jr.; q', d' jr. sk. Davison).
r"-a". 3 a.d.; b"— Bankasoon, Tenasserim Hume Coll.
e". Q ad, sk. (W. Davison).
f". 3 ad. sk. Malewoon, Tenasserim Hume Coll.
(W. Davison).
g". 6 ad, sk. Tavoy, Tenasserim (W. Hume Coll.
Davison).
444 PITTIDAE,
h"—". 6 a.d.; s”. Kossoom (J. Darling). Hume Coll.
, Q ad. sk.
t"—v". Ad. sk. Malacca (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
w". Ad. sk. Malacca India Museum.
a". Ad. sk. Malacca. IPurchased.
y", z". Ad. Sk. E. Indies. Gould Coll.
42. Pitta iris.
Pitta iris, Gould, P. Z. S. 1842, p. 17; id. B. Austr. iv. pl. 3; id.
Intr. B. Austr. p. 55; id. Handb. B. Austr. i. p. 432; Müll. & Schl.
Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 14; Schleg. Mus. P-B. Pitta, p. 6 (1863) et
p. 16 (1874); Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 213; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 108.
Brachyurus iris, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pl.xxiii.;
2d. Ibis, 1870, p. 419.
Above green; whole head and nape black, with a broad stripe
from behind each eye, joining at the nape, chestnut ; lesser wing-
coverts bright silver-blue, tipped with purple; narrow rump-band
silver-green; tail black, broadly tipped with green : beneath black;
lower belly and crissum pale scarlet ; bill black; feet brown: whole
length 6 inches, wing 4, tail 1'4.
JHab. North Australia.
The black under surface is quite peculiar to this very distinct
species, which has no near allies.
a. 6 ad. sk. Port Essington, N. Australia. Gould Coll.
(McGillivray, Voy. of the
‘Rattlesnake').
ð. Ad. sk. N. Australia. Salvin–Godman Coll.
c. Ad. St. Port Essington. Dr. Sibbald [P.].
d. Ad. St. Australia. Purchased.
i. Cap bright blue ; back crimson; throat white; crissum
not scarlet: sexes different. (Iridipitta.)
One species only is known of this peculiar section, which is quite
unique in its style of plumage, and cannot, I think, be closely
associated with P. iris, as has been suggested.
43. Pitta baudi.
Pitta baudi, Müll. & Schl. Verh, Zool. Pitta, pp. 10, 15, pl. ii.; Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 213; Schleg. Handl. Dierk. i. p. 253; d. Vog. Wed.
Ind. Pitta, p. 18, pl. v. figs, 1, 2; id. Mus, P-B. Pitta, p. 5 (1863),
et p. 9 (1874); Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107; Salvad. Uee. Borneo,
p. 243; Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1881, p. 798; Nicholson, Ibis, 1883, p. 88;
Gould, B. Asia, v. pl. 72; Guillem, P. Z. S., 1885, p. 414 (Borneo).
Brachyurus baudi, Bp. Consp. i. p. 255; Elliot, Mon. Pitt, pl. xxii.;
id. Ibis, 1870, p. 419.
Iridipitta baudi, Bp. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7.
Above Crimson ; nape and sides of head black; crown, rump, and
tail brilliant blue; wings brownish black; greater coverts with a
3. EUCICHLA. 445
pure white terminal band; lesser coverts and outer secondaries like
the back: beneath, throat and spot on each side of the head pure
white; breast black, passing into purple and blue on the belly;
under wing-coverts black; bill black; feet brown; whole length
6 inches, wing 3-5, tail 1:4. Female. Above dull crimson, wings
blackish brown, coverts edged with white, as in male; tail blue:
beneath dirty brown, throat white.
Hab. Borneo.
a. Ad. St. Borneo. Purchased.
b, c. 3 9 a.d. sk. Sandakan, N.E. Borneo. Gould Coll.
d. 92 sk. N.W. Borneo. Sir H. Low [C.].
3. EUCICHLA, Type
Eucichla, Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 2 (1859) . . . . . . E. cyanura.
This section embraces what are, perhaps, the most gorgeously
coloured species of the family. Although the tail in E. gurneyi
and E. ellioti is not so long and pointed as in E. cyanura and its
allies, I follow Gould in placing the two first-named species in the
same genus as the latter, to which they are obviously related in
style of colour.
Eucichla is found in Tenasserim, Burmah, Siam, Cochin, the Malay
Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.
Key to the Species.
A. Crown black; tail longer.
a. Whole abdomen transversely striped . . . . . . . . 1. cyanura, p. 445.
b. Centre of abdomen purple:
breast yellow, with transverse bars . . . . . . 2. Schwaneri, p. 446.
| breast dark purple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. boschi, p. 447.
.B. Crown blue; tail shorter:
| breast ashy green . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4. ellioti, p. 448.
| breast black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . tº e º e º e º a s gº 5. gurney, p. 448.
1. Eucichla cyanura.
Merle de la Guiane, Dawb. Pl. Eml. 355.
Turdus cyanurus, Bodd, Table d. Pl. Enl. p. 21 (1783); Gm. S. N.
i. p. 828; Lath. Ind. Orn, i. p. 361.
Myiothera cyanura, Cuv, Régn. Am. i. p. 357 (1817).
Pitta cyanura, Vieill. Now, Dict, iv. p. 356; d. Enc. Méth. p. 685;
id. Gal. Ois, i. p. 246, pl. 153; Lesson, Tr. d’Orn. p. 394; Vig. Mem.
Raffles, }. 659; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus, A. S. p. 157; Strickl. P. Z. S.
1846, p. 100; Horsf, et Moore, Cat. B. Mus, E.I. C. i. p. 183; Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 213; Bp. Consp. i. p. 256; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7;
Müll. et Schl. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 3; Schl. Vog. Ned. Ind. p. 22,
pl. 6, figs, 1, 2, 3; id. Mus, P-B. Pitta, p. 13 (1863), et p. 16
(1874); Beavan, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 4; Elliot, Mon. Pitt, pl. xxix.;
446 PITTIDAE,
Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107; Nicholson, Ibis, 1881, p. 154 (eggs);
Gould, B. Asia, v. pl. 77.
Eucichla cyanura, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 2; Gould, Mon.
Pitt. pl. 2.
Myiothera affinis, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 154.
Turdus guajanus, Müll, Natursyst, Suppl. p. 146 (??).
Pitta guaiana, Elliot, Ibis, 1870, p. 420.
Above reddish brown; crown and sides of head black, with a long
superciliary stripe of bright yellow, which is much broadened on the
nape; wings blackish brown, greater coverts and some of the
secondaries edged externally with clear white; tail black, with
bright blue edgings: beneath, throat and sides of neck pure white,
bordered below by a narrow purplish-blue neck-collar; abdomen
pale brownish yellow, regularly barred across by black bands;
under wing-coverts black, with white margins; Small cross bar on
the inner webs of the primaries white; bill black; feet pale brown :
whole length 8 inches, wing 4, tail 2-5. Female similar, but head
brown like the back, rather brighter on the superciliaries, and
ground-colour beneath white, barred as in the male.
Ełab. Java.
a, d ad, sk. Java (Horsfield). India Mus.
(Type of Myiothera affinis.)
b. ? ad, sk. Java (Horsfield). India Mus.
c. 3 ad. Sk. Java (Horsfield). India Mus.
d, e. d ? ad. sk. Java (Horsfield). India Mus.
f. 6 a.d. sk. Java (Diard). Salvin-Godman Coll.
g. 6 a.d. sk. Java. Salvin–Godman Coll.
h, . Ad.; j, k, Java. Tweeddale Coll.
Jr. sk.
l, m, 6 a.d.; n. E., Indies. J. Gould, Esq.
Q ad. sk.
2. Eucichla schwaneri.
Pitta Schwaneri, Bp. Consp. i. p. 256 (1850); id. Consp. Volc.
Anisod. p. 7; Schleg. Handl. Dierk. i. p. 254; id. Vog. Ned. Ind.
Pitta, p.25, pl. 6, fig. 4; id., Mus, P-B. Pitta, p. 14 (1863), et
p. 17 (1874); Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pl. xxx.; id. Ibis, 1870, p. 421;
Scl. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 215; Wallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107; Salvad.
Uce. Borneo, p. 243; Sharpe, Ibis, 1879, p. 268; Nicholson, Ibis,
1883, p. 88; Gould, B. Asia, v. pl. 78; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885,
p. 414 (Borneo).
Eucichla Schwaneri, Gould, Mon. Pitta, pl. 4.
Above clear reddish brown ; crown and sides of head black, with
long and broad Superciliary stripes of bright yellow, which extend
on to the nape ; wings brownish black, greater coverts and some of
secondaries broadly edged with pure white; tail black, with bright
purple-blue edgings: beneath, chin white, passing into golden yellow
on the throat and sides of the neck; breast and belly yellow, with
regular narrow transverse bars of black; centre of belly and crissum
deep purple-blue; under wing-coverts black, with white tips; a
3. EUCICHLA. 447
small bar of white across the inner webs of the primaries at their
bases; bill black; feet brown ; whole length 7-7 inches, wing 4, tail
2.5. Female similar, but not so bright; crown brown : under
surface yellowish white, regularly barred across, and without the
purple on the abdomen.
Hab. Borneo.
This is an exaggerated form of E. cyanura, but quite distinct,
with its brighter yellow breast and the purple blotch on the abdomen.
a. 6 ad. sk. Banjermassing (Motley). Wallace Coll.
b, c. 6 a.d.; d. 9 Borneo. Gould Coll.
ad. sk.
e, d ad. sk. Rudat, Borneo (Everett). Tweeddale Coll.
3. Eucichla boschi.
Pitta boschi, Müll. & Schleg. Verh. Zool. Pitta, p. 5, t. i.; Gray,
Gen. B. i. p. 213; Horsf, et Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. C. i. p. 398;
Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 273; Elliot, Mon. Pitt. pl.xxxi.; id. Ibis,
1870, p. 421; Tweedd. Ibis, 1877, p. 309 (Sumatra); Kelham,
Ibis, 1881, p. 510 (Perak); Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 63 (Sumatra);
Gould, B. Asia, v. pl. 83.
Eucichla boschi, Cab. et Hein. Mus, Hein. ii. p. 2; Gould, Mon. Pitt.
pl. 3.
Pitta elegans, Temm. Pl. Col. 591 texte (1836); Less. Voy. Bonite,
Zool. p. 78, t. 3.; Schleg. Vog. Ned. Ind. p. 26, pl. 6, fig. 5; id.
Mus, P-B. Pitta, p. 14 (1863), et p. 17 (1874); Bp. Consp. i.
. 256; id. Consp. Vol. Anisod. p. 7; IPallace, Ibis, 1864, p. 107.
“Pitta affinis, Raffles,” Moore, P.Z. S. 1854, p. 273.
Above clear reddish brown; front and superciliaries yellow, passing
into brilliant orange on the occiput; coronal patch and sides of head,
which unite round the nape, black; wings brownish black, with
very broad white tips to the greater coverts, and white edgings at
the ends of some of the secondaries; tail black, broadly edged with
bright purple: beneath, throat white, passing into pale yellow at
the sides of the neck; abdomen very dark purple, with the sides of
the breast crossed by regular narrow bars of reddish orange, which
bars are faintly perceptible on the middle of the breast ; under
wing-coverts black, with white edgings; a small white bar across
the inner webs of the two outer primaries at their bases; bill black;
feet brown : whole length 8 inches, wing 3-9, tail 1.5. Female.
Above similar, but colours not so bright: beneath, abdomen regularly
barred across throughout, and without the purple colour.
Hab. Sumatra and Malacca.
The orange occiput and purple belly at once distinguish this
splendid species.
a. 6 a.d. st. Malacca (Cantor). India Museum.
b. ? ad. sk. Malacca (Cantor), India Museum.
c, d. 3 ad. ; e-h. Malacca. Hume Coll.
9 a.d.; i. Jr. sk.
4.48 PITTIDAE.
j. 2 ad. sk. Mt. Ophir, Malacca (Wardlaw Tweeddale Coll.
Ramsay).
k. Ad. sk. Malacca (Maingay). Tweeddale Coll.
l. 9 ad. sk. Malacca. Capt. Pinwill [C.].
m. G ad. sk. Malacca. India Museum.
n—p. 3 Q ad. sk.; Malacca. J. Gould, Esq.
q. ‘P ad. sk.
r. & ad. sk. Singapore (?). Lord Ellenborough[P.].
8, t, Ad. sk. Lampong, Sumatra (Buarton). Tweeddale Coll.
w, v. G. Q ad. Sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallace [C.].
w. & ad. sk. Sumatra. J. Gould, Esq.
a'. Q ad. sk. Sumatra. Purchased.
4. Eucichla ellioti.
Pitta ellioti, Oust. Nouv. Arch. d. Mus. x. Bull, p. 101, pl. ii.; id.
Bull. Soc. Philom. 1878, p. 206; Gould, B. Asia, v. pl. 66.
Eucichla ellioti, Gould, Mon. Pitt, pl. 6.
Above ultramarine blue, shaded with green and brownish; head
emerald-blue, brighter on the front; band through the eye to nape
black; tail blue; throat clear blue, breast ashy green; abdomen
yellow, transversely banded with black; large patch in middle of
belly dark blue; crissum black, tipped with blue; back dark reddish
brown. Female similar, but head and throat brown; back green.
Hab. Cochin China and Cambodja.
Apparently a very distinct species, of which I have abbreviated
the description from Gould's work. Two specimens in the Paris
Collection are the only examples yet received in Europe.
5. Eucichla gurneyi.
Pitta gurneyi, Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 296, pl. iii., et viii. p. 94; Hume
et Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 244; Gould, B. Asia, v. pl. 73.
Eucichla gurneyi, Gould, Mon. Pitt, pl. 5; Oates, B. Br. Burm. i.
p. 418.
Above clear brown; front half and sides of head, extending round
the nape, black; occiput and nape brilliant blue, with pointed
feathers; wings blackish brown, inner secondaries slightly edged
with whitish ; tail black, broadly edged with blue : beneath, chin
whitish, passing into bright yellow on the throat and sides of the
neck; abdomen black ; flanks yellow, with narrow black cross
bands; under wing-coverts black, spotted with white; a small
white cross bar at the bases of the primaries on their inner webs;
bill black; feet pale brown; whole length 8 inches, wing 4, tail
2:1. Female. Above brown; more yellowish on the head; tail blue;
sides of head black; beneath dirty white, with narrow black cross
bars; throat white.
Hab. Tenasserim.
The contrast of the bright blue crown and yellow throat with
the jet-black abdomen renders this one of the most striking species
of the family.
4. CORACOPITTA. 449
a. 3 a.d. sk. Laynah, Tenasserim (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
b—q. 6 ad. ; Bankasoom, Tenasserim (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
r—?'. SP ad. sk
j'. 9 ad, sk. Palawtonton, Malawon, Tenasserim Hume Coll. º
(W. Davison).
k'. 9 ad. sk. Malawon, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll.
!'. d ad. sk. Tapraw, Island of Tonkah (W. Davi- Hume Coll.
Son). (Types of the species.)
m", n'. 3 Q ad, sk. Bankasoon, Tenasserim (W. Davison). Gould Coll.
4. CORACOPITTA*. Type
Melampitta, Schlegel, Nat. Tijdschr. iv. p. 47 (1873) . . . . M. lugubris.
Until anatomical investigations have been made, it must remain
doubtful whether this type should be referred to the Pittidae or to the
Timeliidaef. The single species known is restricted to New Guinea.
Head of Melampitta lugubris.
It is peculiar for its uniform black plumage, short erect frontal
plumes, long legs, and comparatively elongated tail.
1. Coracopitta lugubris.
Pitta lugubris, Rosenb. Reist. m. d. Geelvinkb. p. 138 (1875).
Melampitta lugubris, Schlegel, Wat. Tjdschr. iv., p. 47; Sclater,
P. Z. S. 1873, p. 696; Gould, B. New Guinea, pt. ii. pl. 6; id. Mon.
Pitta, pl. 10; Salvad. Ann. Mus, Civ. Gen. x. p. 147, et xvi.
p. 186; id. Orn. Pap. ii. p. 405.
Uniform black; bill and feet black : whole length 5'6 inches,
wing 3-2, tail 17.
Hab. New Guinea.
a, Q ad. sk. Arfak Mts., New Guinea. L. Laglaize [C.].
* Melampitta, in its correct form Melanopitta, is already in use for a subgenus
of Pitta. I propose therefore to replace it by Coracopitta.
t Cf. Salvad. §. Pap. ii. p. 405,
WOL. XLV. 2 G.

450 XENICIDAE.
Family VIII, XENICIDAE.
Our knowledge that the two peculiar forms of New Zealand—
Acanthidositta and Xenicus, are non-Oscinine is entirely due to the
researches of Forbes, who investigated their anatomical structure
in 1882*. Forbes showed that the syrinx in these two genera is
A. Syrinx of Xenicus longipes, front view. B. Hind view. m. Lateral
tracheal muscle. (P. Z. S, 1882, p. 570.)
mesomyodian, and that the presence of a tenth external primary
and the non-bilaminate tarsus are further indications of their non-
Oscinine affinities. In other points the Xenicidae, as Forbes named
the family, conform to the general Passerine type. There is no
trace of a plantar vinculum, the arrangement of the tensor patagii
brevis is Passerine, the main artery of the leg is the sciatic, and the
sternum has a single pair of posterior notches and a bifid ma–
nubrium.
On the whole the Xenicidae must be held to be more nearly allied
to the Pittidae than to any other Passerine form yet known. But
they have only 10 rectrices instead of 12—the normal Passerine
number, and the scutellation of the tarsus is different.
The two known genera of Xenicidae are entirely confincă to New
Zealand, no Australian form with similar structure having been yet
met with, although it is quite possible that such may be hereafter
discovered
My account of these three birds is freely adopted from Sir W. L.
Buller's new edition of his ‘Birds of New Zealand,” by the kind
permission of the author.
Key to the Genera.
A. Bill very thin, compressed, pointed;
tarsi thin, about twice the length of
the hind toe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. ACANTHIDOSITTA, p. 451.
B. Bill stouter, more broadened at the
base; tarsi stouter, longer, more than
twice the length of the hind toe . . 2, XENICUs, p. 452.
* See P. Z. S. 1882, p. 569.

1. ACANTHIDOSITTA. 451
1. ACANTHIDOSITTA.
Type.
Acanthisitta, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1842, pl. 27 . . . . . . . . . . A. chloris.
Acanthidositta, Buller, B. N. Z. ed. ii. p. 113 (1887). . . . . . A. chloris.
As indicated by its name, this form is peculiar for its slender,
thorn-like bill. Acanthidositta builds its nest in holes of trees and
in other cavities, composed of leaves and plants, and lays white eggs.
1. Acanthidositta chloris.
Sitta chloris, Sparrm. Mus. Carls. pl. 33 (1787).
Acanthisitta chloris, Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 219; Finsch, J. f. O. 1867,
p. 320, 1870, p. 251, 1872, p. 109, et 1874, pp. 171, 183; Pelz.
Verh, k-k. zool-bot. Ges. Wien, 1867, p. 316; Hutton, Cat. B.
of N. Z. p. 8 (1871); id. Ibis, 1870, p. 392; Forbes, P. Z. S.
#: p. 569; Buller, B. N. Z. p. 1.12; id. Man. B. N. Z. p. 15
1882).
Acanthidositta chloris, Buller, B. N. Z. ed. ii. p. 113.
Citrine Warbler, Lath. Gen. Syn. ii. pt. 2, p. 464.
Motacilla citrina, Gm. S. N. i. p. 979 (1788).
Sylvia citrina, Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 529.
Acanthisitta citrina, Gray, List of Gen. 1842, App. p. 6; Ellman,
Zool. 1861, p. 7466.
Sitta punctata, Quoy et Gaim. Voy, de l'Astr. i. p. 221, pl. 18. fig. 1
(1830).
Acanthisitta punctata, Gray, List of Gen. 1842, App. p. 6; Ellman,
Zool. 1861, p. 7466.
Motacilla citrinella, Forst. Deser. An. p. 89 (1844).
Acanthiza tenuirostris, Lafr. R. Z, 1841, p. 242.
Acanthisitta tenuirostris, Lafr. Mag. de Zool. 1842, Ois. pl. 27.
Upper parts dull green, tinged with yellow on the wings and
rump; throat, breast, and underparts generally fulvous white, with
a tinge of yellow on the sides of the body and abdomen; a streak
over and beyond the eyes and a lower-eyelid fringe of fulvous white;
wing-feathers black, edged on their outer webs with green, and
crossed by a band of dull yellow immediately below the coverts,
which are black: the first tertial white on its outer web; tail-
feathers black, tipped with fuscous; irides and bill dark brown;
legs and feet paler brown, changing to yellow on the under surface
of the toes: length 3 inches, wing 1-5, tail '95. Female. Crown,
hind neck, and upper back olivaceous yellow, each feather margined
with brown; lower back and rump olivaceous yellow tinged with
green; tail-coverts dull green : beneath buffy white, sides washed
with yellow; wing-feathers dusky, margined on the outer web and
marked at the base with olivaceous yellow ; superior wing-coverts
black; outer tertials margined with white; innermost secondary
with an oblong spot of yellowish white on the outer vane ; tail
black, tipped with fulvous. Young. Duller, and suffused with yel-
lowish brown; breast with numerous elongated brown striations.
Hab. North and South Islands of New Zealand.
2 G 2
452 XENICIDAE.
a, b. Ad. St. New Zealand. Purchased.
c. 3 a.d.; d, e. New Zealand. Capt. Stokes [P.].
Q ad. sk.
f, g, d ? ad. sk. New Zealand. Eyton Coll.
h, i. 3 ad. ; 7–l. New Zealand. Purchased.
Q ad. sk.
m. Ad, sk. New Zealand (T. J. Parker). Sclater Coll.
2. XENICUS,
Type.
Xenicus, G. R. Gray, Cat, of Gen. of B. p. 31 (1855) . . X. longipes.
The larger, longer tarsi and the more broadened bill at once
distinguish this form from Acanthidositta.
The nest appears to be like that of Acanthidositta, but of more
finished construction. The eggs are of a spotless white.
Key to the Species. __”
A. Above dark green; beneath usky . . . . . . . . . . 1. longipes, p. 452.
B. Above brown; beneath pale brown . . . . . . . . 2, gilviventris, p. 453.
1. Xenicus longipes,
Long-legged Warbler, Lath. Gen. Sym, ii. pt. 2, p. 465 (1783).
Motacilla longipes, Gm. Syst, Nat, i. p. 979 (1788, ea Lath).
Sylvia longipes, Lath, Ind. Orn. ii. p. 529 (1790).
Acanthisitta longipes, Gray, List of Gen. of Birds, App. p. 6 (1842);
Ellman, Zoologist, 1861, p. 7466.
Xenicus longipes, Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 218; Finsch, J. f. O. 1867,
p. 320, 1870, p. 251, 1872, p. 109, et 1874, pp. 171, 184; Pelz.
Verh, k-k. zool-bot. Ges. Wien, 1867, p. 316; Buller, Birds of New
Zealand, p. 115 (1873); id. Ibis, 1874, p. 116; id. Man. B. of
N. Z. p. 14 (1882); d. B. of N. Z. ed. ii. p. 108; Hutton, Cat.
B. of N. Z. p. 7 (1871); id. Ibis, 1874, p. 37; Forbes, P. Z. S.
1882, p. 569.
Xenicus stokesii, Gray, Ibis, 1862, p. 219; Finsch, J. f. O. 1867,
p. 320, 1870, p. 251, 1872, p. 109, et 1874, p. 184.
Upper parts dark green, tinged with yellow, shading into dark
brown on the forehead and Crown ; sides of the head black, with a
broad superciliary streak of white extending beyond the ears, and
then changing to yellow ; sides, thighs, and rump bright greenish
yellow ; fore-neck, breast, and abdomen cinereous grey, with a
beautiful gloss (sometimes tinged with cobalt), and softening into
greyish white on the throat; lining of wings pale yellow; quills,
on their outer webs, and the tail-feathers olivaceous green; irides
and bill brownish black; tarsi and toes pale brown: length 4
inches, wing 2:25, tail 1. Female. Upper parts umber-brown,
tinged with yellowish green, especially on the rump; crown shaded
with purplish brown ; superciliary streak white; throat, sides of
the neck, breast, and upper part of abdomen delicate vinous brown;
sides of the body, flanks, and thighs dull lemon-yellow; inner
lining of wings pure yellow.
Hab. South Island of New Zealand.
2. xENICUs. 453
a. Ad, sk. New Zealand. Capt. Stokes [P.].
b. 3 a.d. sk. Milford Sound, New Zealand, § Museum.
c. Ad. sk. New Zealand. Gould Coll.
2. Xenicus gilviventris,
Xenicus gilviventris, Pelzeln, Verh. K.-k. zool-bot. Ges. Wien, 1867,
p. 316; Hutton, Cat. B. of N. Z. p. 7 (1871); Finsch, J. f. O. 1870,
p. 251, 1872, pp. 83, 109, et 1874, pp. 171, 184; Buller, Birds of
New Zealand, p. 117 (1873); id. Man. B. of N. Z. p. 15 (1882); id,
Birds of New Zealand, ed. ii. p. 111.
Acanthisitta gilviventris, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 183.
Xenicus haasti, Buller, Ibis, 1869, p. 37; Finsch, J. f. O. 1870, p. 251,
1872, p. 83, et 1874, p. 184.
Acanthisitta haasti, Gray, Hand-l. i. p. 183.
Upper parts dull olive-brown, with a greyish gloss, darker on the
forehead and crown, and tinged on the back, wing-coverts, and
rump with yellowish green; sides of the head dark brown, with a
narrow superciliary streak of fulvous white, widening above the
ears: underparts delicate purplish brown, with a silky appearance,
and fading into fulvous white at the base of the lower mandible;
the sides of the body lemon-yellow; wing-feathers brown, the
primaries margined on their outer webs with dull olive; the secon-
daries with an apical spot of fulvous on their outer webs; tertials
and lesser wing-coverts black, forming a conspicuous triangular
spot; inner lining of wings pale yellow : tail-feathers dull olive;
irides and bill blackish brown ; tarsi and toes pale brown, claws
darker: length 3-7 inches, wing 2:1, tail 0-75. Female. Similar,
but upper parts dull yellowish brown, shaded with umber on the
crown, and tinged with yellowish olive on the wings and rump;
the superciliary streak less distinct; and the underparts pale
fulvous, stained on the sides of the body with lemon-yellow.
Hab. South Island of New Zealand.
a. Ad. Sk, Rimusaka Hills, New Zealand. Capt. Stokes [P.].
454 EURYLAEMIDAE.
Family IX. EURYLAFMIDAE.
The Eurylaemidae have been variously arranged by naturalists,
but until recently have been usually referred to the neighbourhood
of Coracias, and considered to be non-Passerine *. Nitzsch, in his
celebrated ‘ Pterylography, first showed that the pterylosis of
Eurylaemºns is that of the Passeres; and Blanchard subsequently
figured the sternum, and proved that this is also of the Passerine
form, although the manubrium sterni is unforked, contrary to what
is generally the case in the typical Passeres f.
In 1877 f Garrod further showed that the palate of these birds is
truly Passerine, but that they differ singularly from all other known
Passeres in the structure of the foot. The tendon of the flea or
Left foot of Cymborhynchus macrorhynchus viewed from behind, to show the deep
lanfar tendons, and the vinculum (v.) which the flewor longus hallucis
Fº sends, to the tendon of the flewor profundis digitorum (fp.d.).
The skin has been turned aside, and the superficial flexors removed; the
Jewor hallucis longus has been cut short and displaced.
(P. Z. S. 1880, p. 382.)
longus hallucis sends out a strong vinculum to join the tendon of
the flewor profundus digitorum, as is the case in nearly all non-
Passerine birds in which a hallux is developed.
* See the author's remarks, Ibis, 1872, p. 177.
| Ann. Sc. Nat. xi. p. 110 (1859).
f P.Z.S. 1877, p. 447.

1. CALYPTOMENA. 455
In 1880 Forbes took up the subject, and gave us accurate de-
scriptions of the trachea of the Eurylaemidae “, which had not been
previously examined. He proved by his study of this organ that the
Eurylaemidae are Mesomyodians of the non-Tracheophonine division.
But, looking to the important points of the retention of the plantar
winculum and to the non-forked manubrium sterni, Forbes concluded
that, as had already been suggested by Garrod, the Eurylaemidae
ought to form a main division of the Passeres by themselves under
the title “DESMODACTYLI,” while all other Passeres should be
denominated “ELEUTHERODACTYLI.” ‘f
This view as to the position of the Eurylaemidae is nearly what is
adopted in the present volume, except that it seems more convenient
to place them at the end of the other Oligomyodian Passeres, instead
of after the Tracheophonae.
The Eurylaemidae may be considered as one of the typical
families of the Oriental Region, to which they are strictly confined.
They are most developed in Malacca, Sumatra, and Borneo, but extend
westwards into the sub-Himalayan forests of Northern Bengal and
eastwards into the Philippine Islands.
Key to the Subfamilies.
A. Frontal plumes projecting forwards and
covering the nostrils; tail very short,
nearly square; bill short; chin-angle
carried forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. CALYPTOMENINAE,
A. Frontal plumes recumbent, not covering [p 455.
the nostrils; tail long, much rounded;
bill longer; chin-angle not carried
forward. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. EURYLACMINAE,
[p. 457.
Subfamily I. CALYPTOMENINAE.
1. CALYPTOMENA. Type
Calyptomena, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soo, Xiii. p. 295 (1822). C. viridis.
This genus, which has been variously placed by the older authors,
is no doubt closely related to the Eurylami, of which it is an aberrant
form. In the structure of the tarsi, pterylosis, form of the sternum,
and other essential points, the two groups nearly approximate,
although, as Mr. Davison tells us, they by no means agree in habits,
food, or note. To the typical species, which extends from Tenas-
serim to Borneo, a second, highly developed form from Kinabalu
has recently been added.
* P.Z. S. 1880, p. 383.
t Forbes, P.Z.S. 1880, p. 391.
456
1. EURYLAEMIDAE.
Key to the Species.
A. Smaller: neck in front green like the body ... 1. viridis, p.456.
B. Larger: large neck-patch black . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, whiteheadi, p. 457
1. Calyptomena viridis.
Calyptomena viridis, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 295 (Sumatra);
Horsf. Zool. Res, pl. 53; Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 102 (Malacca);
Blyth, Cat. B. Mus, A. S. p. 196; id. B. Burm. p. 124; Horsf.
& Moore, Cat. B. E.I. Co. Mus, i. p. 120; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854,
p. 267 (Malacca); Sel. P. Z. S. 1863, p. 214 (Borneo); Walden,
Ibis, 1872, p. 369 (N. Borneo); Beccari, Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov,
xiii. p. 452; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 106; id. Ann. Mus, Civ. Genov.
xiv. p. 197 (Sumatra); Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), et
viii. pp. 50, 86 (Malay Peninsula); Sharpe, Ibis, 1877, p. 22, et
1879, p. 263; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 798 (Borneo); Tweeddale, Ibis,
1877, p. 317 (Sumatra); Hume & Davison, Str. F. vi. pp. 86,499
(Tenasserim); Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 64 (Sumatra); Oates, B.
Brit. Burm. i. p. 422; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 407 (Borneo).
Rupicola viridis, Temm. Pl. Col. 216 (1823).
Pipra viridis, Wagl. Isis, 1830, p. 929.
Calyptomena rafflesia, Sw, An, in Menag. p. 296 (1838).
Calyptomena caudacuta, Sw. An, in Menag. p. 296 (1838).
Bright shining green, rather duller on the belly; a small spot in
front of the eyes bright yellow ; concealed spot at the base of the
frontal plumes, a large spot behind the ear-coverts, and three bands
across the wing-coverts black; ends of outer primaries and inner
portions of rest of wing-feathers also black; bill yellowish ; feet
horn-colour: whole length 6 inches, wing 4-2, tail 1:5. Female
similar, but not so bright; black spots absent ; inner portions of
wing-feathers brownish black.
Hab. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java (?), and Borneo.
a—c. 6 ad. ; d. Amherst, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll.
Q jr.; e. Ad, sk.
f. 6 a.d. sk. * Tenasserim (Davi- Hume Coll.
SO??, ).
g. Q ad. Sk, Laynah, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll.
h–0. 3 ad, ; p–8. Bankasoom, Tenasserim (Davi- Hume Coll. !
Q ad. sk. Son). \ -
t, Q ad. Sk, * B. Burmah (Davi- Hume Coll.
SO??, ).
w—w. 3 ad. ; ar, Nwalaboo, Brit. Burmah (Davč- Hume Coll.
$y, 9 ad. sk. Son).
2, 3 º a'. Q Tavoy, Brit. Burmah (Davison). Hume Coll.
Jr, SK.
5'-m'. 3 ad, ; Klang, Salangore (Davison). Hume Coll.
'n'-s'. Q ad. ;
t"—a'. Q jr. sk.
gy'. 3 ad. Sk, Salangore (W. Davison). Hume Coll.
2'-c". Ad. ; d"— Malacca. Hume Coll.
l". Jr. sk.
m". Ad, sk. Malacca, India Museum.
n'. Ad. sk. Malacca. J. Gould, Esq.
1. CALYPTOMENA. 457
o". Ad. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace [C].
p''. 6 a.d. sk. Chohong, Malacca (Davison). Hume Coll.
q", r". 3 Qad, sk. Mt. Ophir, Malacca (Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll.
s", t''. 3 ad. ; Malacca (Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll.
w"—w". © ad.;
a". 3 jr. sk
Ay". 6 jr. sk. Penang. India Museum.
2". 6 a.d. sk. Perak. L. Wray [C.].
a”-fº. 3 ad. ; Johore (Davison). Hurne Coll.
g”—iº. Q ad
sk.
jº. Ad. sk. Singapore. J. Brooks [C.].
k°, § 6 Q ad. Singapore. Hume Coll.
Sk.
m”. 6 ad. ; n°, Sumatra (Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
o°. Q ad, sk.
p°. & ad. sk. Lampong, Sumatra (E. C. Bua - Tweeddale Coll.
ton).
q". © ad. sk. S.E. Sumatra (E. C. Buwton). Tweeddale Coll.
7%. Ad, sk. Sumatra (Raffles). India Museum.
s°. 6 a.d. sk. Marup, Borneo. Tweeddale Coll.
t”. Ad. sk. N.E. Borneo. Tweeddale Coll.
w°. Ad. sk. Borneo. Zool. Soc. Coll.
v. Ad, sk. Borneo. Purchased.
w°. Ad. sk. S. Borneo. J. Gould, Esq.
a". Jr. sk. E. Indies, Purchased.
y”, Jr. st. Java (?). Purchased.
2. Calyptomena whiteheadi.
Calyptomena whiteheadi, Sharpe, P. Z. S. 1887, p. 558; id. Ibis, 1888
p. 231, pl. v.
Bright shining green; large blotch on the front of the neck
and a spot on each side behind the ear-coverts black; feathers
of back and breast black, with lanceolate green tips; tail velvety
black, green at the base; secondaries slightly edged with blue :
whole length 11 inches, wing 6:35, tail 3:2. Female similar, but
smaller, not so bright, and frontal crest less developed.
Hab. Kinabalu Mountain, Borneo.
The description is taken from the typical specimens in Mr. White-
head's Collection.
Subfamily II. EURYLAEMINAE.
The typical Eurylaemidae consist of about eight species referable
to six easily distinguished genera, which range all over the Oriental
Region with the exception of the peninsula of India and Ceylon,
and extend from the Eastern Himalayas through the Malay Archi-
pelago to the Philippines.
The wide gape, which distinguishes these birds generally, is
carried to an excess in Corydon, in which its width is fully equal to
the length of the bill. The food of this subfamily appears to be
458 EURYLAEMIDAE.
mainly insects, while Calyptomena is said to be purely frugivorous.
The Eurylaemina, so far as their nesting habits are known, appear
to build domed nests suspended from the branches of trees, and to
lay spotted eggs.
Rey to the Genera.
A. Nostrils more or less rounded, placed at
the base of the frontal plumes.
a. Tail longer than wing . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. PSARISOMUs, p. 458.
b. Tail shorter than wing.
a. Bill short; sides of upper man-
dible not overlapping . . . . . . . . 3. SERILOPIIUs, p. 460.
b. Bill longer; sides of upper man-
dible slightly overlapping.
| With an eye-caruncle . . . . 4. SARCOPHANOPs, p. 462.
| Without an eye-caruncle, . 5. EURYLAEMUs, p. 463,
c. Bill very broad and strongly
hooked; sides of upper man-
J
dible much overlapping . . . . . . 6. CoRYDON, p. 466.
B. Nostrils lineiform, placed in a slit in the
middle of the mandible . . . . . . . . . . . . 7, CYMBORHYNCHUs, p. 468.
2. PSARISOMIUS,
Type.
Psarisomus, Sw. Class. B. ii. p. 261 (1837) . . . . . . . . . . P. daiºiº.
Crossodera, Gould, Icon. Av. pl. i. (1837) . . . . . . . . . . . . P. dalbousiae.
Raya, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. viii. p. 36 (1839) . . . . . . . . . . P. dalhousiae.
Sinius, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. x. p. 27 (1841) . . . . . . . . . . . . P. dalhousiae.
Simornis, Hodgs. Gray's Zool, Misc. p. 82 (1844) . . . . . . P. dalhousiae.
This lovely bird is structurally distinguished from the other Eury-
lami by its very long and much graduated tail, and by the small
frontal plumes which partly conceal the nostrils. It has an extensive
range from the Eastern Himalayas through the Malay Peninsula to
Borneo.
1. Psarisomus dalhousiaº,
Eurylaimus dalhousiae, Jameson, Edinb. N. Ph. J. xviii. p. 389 (1835);
IIorsfield, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 156 (Assam).
Psarisomus dalhousia, Jerd, B, Ind. i. p. 236; d. Ibis, 1872, p. 4;
Blyth, B. Burm. p. 126; Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov, xiii.
p. 453, et ser, 2, v. p. 574; Walden, Ibis, 1875, p. 460; Hume,
Str., F. ii., p. 470 (Tenasserim), iii. p. 52 (Upp, Pegu), v. p. 19
(N.E. Cachar); Hume & Day. Str., F. vi. p. 88 (Tenasserim);
Bingham, Str. F. viii. p. 193, ix. p. 156 (Tenasserim); Oates, Sir.
F. X. p. 188 (Pegu)}, id. B. Br. Burm, i. p. 423; Gould, B. Asia
i. pl. 64; Sharpe, Ibis, 1887, p. 453 (Borneo). 2
Eurylaimus (Psarisomus) dalhousiae, Horsf, et Moore, Cat. B. E.I.
Co. Mſus. i. p. 117.
Psarisomus assimilis, Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 53.
Raya sericeogula, Hodgs. J. A. S. B. viii. p. 36 (1839).
Simornis (Raya) sericeogula, Hodgs. Gray's Zool, Misc, p. 82 (1844).
2. PSARISOMUs. 459
Eurylaimus (Crossodera) dalhousiae, Gould, Icon. Av. pl. i.
Eurylaimus psittacinus, Müll. Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. ii. p. 349, pl. v.
fig. 6, 1835 (Sumatra); Temm. Pl. Col. 598.
Psarisomus psittacinus, Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 198
(Sumatra).
Cap and sides of head black ; large patch on the crown and line
at the back of the nape bright blue : narrow frónt, lores, space below
the eye, and sides of neck adjacent to the blue nuchal band bright
yellow ; spot above the ear-coverts greeniish yellow ; whole back and
outer Secondaries bright green ; wing-feathers black, with a white
bar on the inner webs of the eight outer primaries, and a large patch
of bright blue occupying the outer webs of the basal portions of all the
primaries; tail-feathers much graduated, beneath black, above blue :
under surface bright bluish green, throat yellow ; bill horn-colour,
with the culmen and edges yellowish, feet brown; whole length
10-5 inches, wing 4-2, tail 5:4. Female similar.
Hab. Eastern Himalayas, and through Assam and Cachar down
to Tenasserim, Sumatra, and Borneo.
a. Ad. St. India. India Museum.
b, c. Ad, ; d. Q Masuri, India, Hume Coll.
ad. sk.
e. Ad. Sk, Kalsi. Hume Coll.
f. Ad. sk. Nainee Tal, Terai. Capt. S. Pinwill [C.].
g—i. Ad.; j, k, @ Gurwhal. Hume Coll.
ad, sk.
l–m. Ad, sk. Native Sikhim (Mandelli). Hume Coll.
0–3. Ad.; y—a'. Sikhim (Mandelli). Hume Coll.
Jr. sk.
b'—e'. Ad, ; f,g'. Darjiling. Hume Coll.
Jr. sk.
h'. Jr. sk. Darjiling, Tweeddale Coll.
'-l'. Ad, sk. Nepal. B. H. Hodgson [C.].
'm'. Ad, sk. Bhotan. Hume Coll.
'n', o'. Ad, sk. Buxa Doars (Mandelli). Hume Coll.
p'. Ad. sk. Khasia Hills. W. Griffith [C].
q'. Ad, sk. Assam. J. McClelland [C].
r". Ad. sk. sº Assam (J. Cock- Hume Coll.
20?"?? ).
s'. Ad, sk Dollah, Assam (J. Cockburn). Hume Coll.
t", w. 6 § ad; v. Shillong, Assam (J. Cock- Hume Coll.
Ad.; w'-g'. Jr. burn).
sk.
a", b". Ad, sk. Dibrughur, Assam (J. R. Hume Coll.
Cripps).
c". Ad, sk. N. Cachar Hills. Tweeddale Coll.
d", e". 3 a.d.; fº. N. Khasia Hills (A. W.
9 a.d. sk. Channell).
g". Ad, sk. Dilkusha, Cachar (J. Inglis). Hume Coll.
h". 6 a.d.; ", j". Manipur, IHume Coll.
Q ad. Sk,
A", l.". 3 a.d.; m''. Karen Hills (Wardlaw Ram- Tweeddale Coll.
Q ad. ; m". Ad. say).
sk.
460 z EURYLAEMIDAE.
o". Ad, sk. Tonghoo, British Burmah Tweeddale Coll.
(Wardlaw Ramsay).
p". Q ad. sk. Pegu Hills, E. slopes, E. W. Oates [C.],
q". 6 a.d. sk. Western Hills of Pegu Hume Coll.
(Oates).
7". 6 a.d. sk. N.W. slopes, Mooleyit Hume Coll.
(Davison).
s", t''. 6 a.d. sk. Mooleyit (Davison). Hume Coll.
w"—w". 6 ad. ; y", Meetan, Tenasserim (W. Hume Coll.
z". Qad, sk. Davison).
a”. 6 a.d. sk. Nellaybro (J. Darling, Jr.). Hume Coll.
b°. Q ad. sk. Thoungyeen r. (Bingham). Hume Coll.
c”—e". Qad.; fº, Thoungyah (J. Darling, Jr.). Hume Coll.
& jr. sk.
g°. Ad. sk. Rangoon. , Capt. Bingham [P.].
h°. 6 a.d.; Sumatra (Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
*—k°, Jr. sk.
3. SERILOPHUS. Type
Serilophus, Sw, Class. B. ii. p. 262 (1837) . . . . . . . . . . . . S. lunulatus.
Two species of Serilophus occupy the hill-ranges of the Asiatic
continent, from Sikhim to Tenasserim, but have not yet been met
with in the Malay Archipelago. They are distinguished among the
Eurylaminae for their comparatively narrow bill, much rounded tail,
and Smooth silky plumes.
Key to the Species.
A. Forehead pale grey; nape brownish . . . . . . . . 1, lunatus, p. 460.
B. Whole head above uniform dark grey . . . . . . 2. rubropygius, p. 461.
1. Serilophus lunatus.
Eurylaimus lunatus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1833, p. 133; id. Trans. Zool.
Soc. i. p. 176, t. 25; G. R. Gray, List of B. B. M. pt. ii. sect. 1,
p. 37; Horsf. P. Z. S. 1839, p. 156.
Serilophus lunatus, Sw, Class. B. ii. p. 262; id. Flycatch. p. 242;
Bp. Consp. i. p. 169; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. p. 196; id. B.
Burm. p. 125; Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), iii. p. 53
(Upp. Pegu), viii. p. 86; Ramsay, Ibis, 1875, p. 352 (Burmah);
Davison, Str. F. v. p. 455 (Burmah); Hume & Dav. Str. F. vi.
pp. 89, 499 (Tenasserim); Oates, Str. F. viii. p. 164 (Burmah),
x. p. 188 % td, B. Brit. Burm, i. p. 424; Gould, B. Asia,
i. pl. 62; Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 157 (Tenasserim); Salvad. Ann,
Mus, Civ. Gen. Ser. 2, v. p. 574 (Tenasserim).
Eurylaimus (Serilophus) lunatus, Horsf, et Moore, Cat. B. E.I. Co.
Mus, i. p. 118,
Above pale brownish grey, front pure grey; a long superciliary
stripe black; rump and upper tail-coverts brownish chestnut ; wings
black, crossed by a broad bluish bar beyond the coverts, and with
, a white bar on the inner webs and white tips to the outer primaries;
outer Secondaries and tips of some of the wing-feathers rufous like
3. SERILOPHUS. 461
the back; tail black, outer rectrices broadly tipped with white :
beneath greyish white, becoming pure white on the belly; thighs
black; bill plumbeous, with yellowish culmen and edges; feet
blackish : whole length 6-5 inches, wing 3-4, tail 2-6. Female similar,
but breast crossed by one or more narrow silvery bands.
Hab. Burmah.
a, b. 3 ad.; c, d. Karen Hills (Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll.
9 a.d.; e,f,
Ad. sk.
g. Q ad, sk. Karenee (Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll.
h. * 3. Q ad. Tonghoo (Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll.
SR.
j, k, d ? ad. ; Pegu Hills. E. W. Oates [C.].
!. Ad. sk.
m, n. 6 ad. ; o. West Pegu Hills (Oates). Hume Coll.
9 a.d. sk.
p. 3 ad. sk. Lower Pegu. E. W. Oates [C.].
q—s. 3 ad, ; t, u. Pahpoon, Tenasserim (W. Davì- Hume Coll.
9 a.d. sk. son).
v. 9 ad, sk. Thenganee Sakhan, Tenasserim Hume Coll.
(Davison).
*: i ad, ; b'.9 Thoungyah, Tenass. (Darling). Hume Coll.
aCl. SK.
c'. 3 ad. ; d. Ad. Thoungyah, road to Myawadee Hume Coll.
sk. (IDavison).
e'. 6 º ; f. 2 Thoungshayen, Temass. (Davison). Hume Coll.
ad. sk.
g'. Q ad. sk. Tººheyen, Tenass. (Bing- Hume Coll.
am).
h'. Q ad. sk. Kaukaryit, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll.
'. 3 ad. sk.] ASSoun, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll.
j'. 3 ad, ; k". Q Mouleyit, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll.
ad. ; l'. Ad.
sk.
m'. 6 a.d.; m', o'. Meetan, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll.
Q ad. sk.
p', q', 3 a.d. sk. Amherst, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll.
r". 3 ad. sk. Omaguoen, Temass. (Davison). Hume Coll.
s', t, 6 ad. sk. Nwalaboo, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll.
w, v'. Q ad, sk. Nwalaboo, Tenass. (Darling). Hume Coll.
w". Ad. sk. Tenasserim. Helfer [C.].
w". Ad. sk. Indian Archipelago. Purchased.
2. Serilophus rubropygius.
Raya rubropygia, Hodgs, J. A. S. B. viii. p. 36.
Serilophus rubropygius, Bp. Consp. i. p. 169; Jerd, B. Ind. i. p. 238;
id. Ibis, 1872, p. 4; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus, A. S. p. 196; id. B.
Burm. p. 125; id. Ibis, 1866, p. 349; Hume, Str. F. iii. p. 53,
viii. p. 86, ix. p. 247 (Cachar); Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 425;
Gould, B. Asia, i. pl. 63.
Eurylaimus (Serilophus) rubropygius, Horsf, et Moore, Cat. B. E.I.
Co. Mus. i. p. 119.
Above dark grey, slightly washed with brown on the inter-
462 EURYLAEMIDAE.
scapulium ; long superciliary stripe black; rump and upper tail-
coverts chestnut-red; wings black, crossed by a bluish band above
the coverts and by another occupying the outer webs at their tips,
also by a white band beneath across the inner webs; outer secondaries
and tips of the inner webs of the inner primaries chestnut, like the
back; a row of small white spots adjacent to the second bluish
band; tail black, outer rectrices broadly tipped with white : beneath
grey, more whitish on the belly; bill plumbeous, with yellowish tip
and edges; feet pale greenish brown ; whole length 6-5 inches, wing
3-3, tail 28. Female similar, but with a narrow silvery white
breast-collar.
Hab. Nepal and Eastern Himalayas to Arrakan.
a-f. Ad, sk. Nepal. B.H. Hodgson, Esq.[C.],
(Typical specimens.)
g—i. 3 ad. ; j, k, Sikhim (Mandelli). Hume Coll.
$2 ad. ; l-p.
Ad. sk.
q—v. Ad. Sk. Darjeeling. Hume Coll.
w. & ad.; a. Ad. Bhotan Doars (Mandelli). Hume Coll.
sk.
y, z, Ad sk. Assam. McClelland [C.].
a'. 6 a.d. sk. Dilkoushah, Cachar (J. Hume Coll.
Inglis).
b'. 6 a.d. sk. Manipur (Hume). Hume Coll.
c'. Q ad.; d, e'. N. Khasia Hills (A. W. Tweeddale Coll.
Ad. sk. Chennell).
f". 6 a.d. sk. Dikrang Valley (Godwin- Tweeddale Coll.
Austem).
g'. Q ad. Sk. Harmutti (Godwin- Tweeddale Coll.
Austen).
4. SARCOPHANOPS.
#arcophanops, Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. ser, 2, vol. i. Zool.
p. 844 (1879). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. steerii.
The discovery of a Eurylaemid in the Philippines is of great
interest, as affording further evidence of the essential connection of
the Philippine fauna with that of the Oriental Region.
Sarcophanops is most nearly allied, I think, to Eurylamus, but
distinguished from that and every other form of the group by the
naked skin round the eye and the rather feebler feet.
Type.
1. Sarcophanops steerii.
Eurylaemus steerii, Sharpe, Nature, vol. xiv. p. 297 (Aug. 1876).
Sarcophanops steerii, Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. ser, 2, vol. i. Zool. ,
p. 344, pl. 54 (Basilan); Gould, B. Asia, i. % 65; Tweeddale, P. Z. S.
1878, p. 110 (Dinagat), et 1879, p. 70 (Basilan); Wardlaw
Ramsay, Tweedd. Mem., App. p. 658.
Above dark grey; cap dark purple, with a small vertical scarlet
5. EURYLAEMUs. 463
spot, and divided from the back by a white ring round the neck;
rump and tail chestnut ; wings black, with a distinct white cross-band
on the secondaries, which is bordered externally with bright yellow
on the inner secondaries: beneath white, much tinged with vina-
ceous; throat and sides of head black; bill plumbeous, with pale tip
and edges; feet slaty: whole length 7 inches, wing 3-2, tail 2-5.
Female similar, but breast pure white.
Hab. Philippines.
a. Ad, sk. Basilan, Philippines. J. B. Steere [C.].
- (One of the typical specimens.)
b, c, d ad, ; d, e. Basilan, Philippines (A. Tweeddale Coll.
SP ad. sk. Everett).
f. §2 ad. sk. Dinagat, Philippines (A. Tweeddale Coll.
I’verett).
5. EURYLAENIUS, T
ype.
Eurylaimus, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 170 (1822) E. javanicus.
Platyrhynchos, Vieill. Gal. Ois, vol. i. p. 199 (1825) . . E. javanicus.
( ovo-V. P(&# 9 k w c \, ex S Sºº-wºo's, t \g o' ST, e
The typical génus Eurylamus, as now limited, contains but two
species, which range from Tenasserim southwards over the Malay
Peninsula and Sunda Islands. As regards its large, strong, much
widened beak, it is only surpassed by Corydon.
Key to the Species.
A. Larger: head and throat vinaceous. . . . . . . . . . 1. javamicus, p. 463.
B. Small: head and throat black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. ochromelas, p. 465.
47
1. Eurylaemus javanicus.
Eurylaemus javanicus, Horsf. Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 170; id. Zool.
Res, pl. 54; Vigors, Mem. Raffles, p. 653; Less. Man. d’Orn.
i. p. 175; d. Traité d'Orn. p. 261; Blyth, Cat. B. A. S. p. 195;
td. B. Burm. p. 125; Bp. Consp. i. p. 168; Moore, Cat. B. Mus.
E.I. Co. p. 116; id. P. Z. S. 1854, } 267 (Malacca); Cab. et Heine,
Mus. Hein. ii. p. 121; Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 369 (N. Borneo);
Gould, B. Asia, i. pl. 57; Salvad. Ucc. Born. p. 107; Davison,
Str. F. v. p. 456 (mest) (Burmah); Hume & Dav. Str. F. vi. pp. 89,
499 (Tenasserim); Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), viii.
pp. 50, 86 (Malay Peninsula); Bingham, Str. F. ix. p. 157
(Tenasserim); Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 48, 1877, p. 22, et 1879,
p. 263 (Borneo); Ramsay, P. Z. S. 1880, p. 14 (Sumatra);
Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 63 (Sumatra), et 1883, p. 88 (Borneo);
Oates, B. Brit. Burm, i. p. 427; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 407
(Borneo).
Eurylaimus horsfieldi, Temm. P. Col. 130, 131 (1823); Sw. Flycatch.
p. 240, pl. 30; Wagl. Syst, Av. Euryl. sp. 3.
Platyrhynchos horsfieldi, Vieill. Gal. Ois. i. p. 200, t. cxxv.
Javan Tody, Lath. G. H. iv. p. 96.
Above black; broad central patch in the middle of the back, large
spot on the Scapularies and upper tail-coverts, and bar on the outer
freed-billº
464
TSURYLAFMIDAE.
webs of the secondaries bright yellow ; whole head vinaceous purple,
rather brighter on the nape and blacker on the front ; tail black,
with a row of pale fulvous-white subterminal spots: beneath
vinaceous purple, darker on the throat and more reddish on the
belly : thighs brownish black; crissum rufous; narrow pectoral
band black; under wing-coverts yellow; bill dark plumbeous, culmen
yellowish; feet pale hazel: whole length 8-3 inches, wing 4, tail 27.
Female similar, but without the black pectoral band.
Hab. Tenasserim, and south throughout the Malay Peninsula to
Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.
a. Ad. sk.
b. Ad. ; c. Jr. sk.
d. 9 ad, sk.
e, f. 6 a.d.; g.
Q ad.
sk
h. 3 ai; ; 2
ad. sk.
j. 3 ad. Sk,
k. 6 a.d. sk.
l. 3 a.d. sk.
m. & ad. sk.
m, o. 3 SP ad, sk.
p. Q ad. sk.
q. Q ad. sk.
r, 8. Q ad. sk.
t–v. & ad.; w. Q
ad. sk.
a', d' ad. sk.
y. & ad. sk.
z—c'. & ad. ; d-f'.
Q ad. sk.
g". Jr: sk,
h', Jr. sk.
7. Ad. sk.
j". Q ad, sk.
k', ''. Q ad. sk.
m". 6 a.d.; n'—p'.
Q ad.; q', Jr. sk.
7". Ad, sk.
s'. Jr. sk.
t'. Ad.; u". Q ad.
sk.
v'. & ad. ; w. Ad.
sk
a'. Ad, sk.
$y'. Ad. sk.
z', a!". Jr. sk.
b". 6 a.d. sk.
c". Ad.; d". Jr. sk.
Karen Hills.
Tonghoo, Brit. Burmah.
Meetan, Tenasserim (Davison).
Amherst, Tenasserim (Davison).
Lemyne, Tenasserim (Davison).
Yea, Tenasserim (Davison).
Omagoen, Tenasserim (Davi-
son).
Zadee, Tenasserim Davison).
Metlay, Tenasserim (Davison).
Ahsoon, Tenasserim.
Tavoy, Tenasserim (Davison).
Amya, Tenasserim (Mandelli).
Nwalaboo, Tenasserim (Davi-
SO?? ).
Bankasoon, Tenasserim (Davi-
Son).
Thoungyah, Tenasserim (J.
Darling).
Thoungyeen r., Tenasserim
(Bingham).
Klang, Salangore (Davison).
Malacca.
Malacca.
Malacca.
Nealys, Malacca (Davison).
Singapore.
Johore (Davison).
Cambodja (Mouhot).
Saigon.
Sumatra.
Sumatra (Bock).
Java (Horsfield).
Billiton.
Jambusan, Borneo (Everett).
Marup, Borneo (Everett).
East Indies.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
A. R. Wallace[C.].
Dr. Cantor [C.],
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Purchased.
A. R. Wallace [C].
Tweeddale Coll.
India Mus. (Type
of the ºccº
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
India Museum.
5. EURYLAEMUs. 465
2. Eurylaemus ochromelas.
Eurylaimus ochromelas, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 297 (1822);
Vºgers, Mem. Raffles, p. 653; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. A. S. p. 195;
td. B. Burm. p. 125; Bp. Consp. i. p. 168; Moore, P. Z. S.
1854, p. 267 (Malacca); id. Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. p. 116; Gould,
B. Asia, i. pl. 58; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 122; Walden,
Ibis, 1872, p. 370; Pelz. Novara-Reise, Vog. pp. 43, 161; Salvad.
Uce. Born. p. 108; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv. p. 198 (Sumatra);
Hume & Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 91 (Tenasserim); Hume, Str. F.
ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), viii. pp. 50, 86 (Malay Peninsula); Oates,
B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 426; Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 48, 1877, p. 21, et
1879, p. 263 (Borneo); id. P. Z. S. 1875, p. 107 (Labuan), et
1881, p. 798 (Borneo); Tweeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. 317 (Sumatra);
Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 64 (Sumatra), et 1883, p. 89 (Borneo);
Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 407 (Borneo).
Eurylaemus cucullatus, Temm. P. Col. 261 (1824); Wagl. Syst. Av.
Euryl. sp. 4; Lesson, Tr. d’Orn. p. 261.
Eurylaemus rafflesi, Less. Compl. Buff. viii. p. 463.
Cymbirhynchus cucullatus, Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 101.
Above black; stripe down the centre of the back, and spots on
scapularies and outer webs of secondaries yellow; narrow collar at
back of neck white; tail black, with a row of square white sub-
terminal spots on the inner webs: beneath white, strongly tinged
with rosy pink on the belly; throat and broad pectoral collar black;
under wing-coverts, flanks, and crissum yellow ; thighs black; bill
plumbeous, with yellowish culmen and edges; feet reddish : whole
length 5:5 inches, wing 2-9, tail. 1:9. Female similar, but with the
pectoral collar narrower and incomplete in the middle.
Hab. Tenasserim and Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo.
a. Ad. St. East Indies. Purchased.
b. 6 a.d. sk. Yea, Temasserim (Davison). Hume Coll.
c. 9 a.d. sk. Laynah, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll.
d. & ad. sk. Takchan, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll.
e-j. 6 ad.; k, l, Bankasoon, Tenasserim (Davison). Hume Coll.
9 a.d.; m. &
jr. sk.
m. G ad.; o. 2 Malewoon, Tenasserim(Davison). Hume Coll.
ad, sk.
p—v. 3 ad, ; w— Klang, Salangore (Davison). Hume Coll.
a'. Q ad. sk.
b'. Q ad. sk. Salangore (Davison). Hume Coll.
c'. 6 a.d. sk. Wellesley Province (Stoliczka). Hume Coll.
d'. Q ad. sk. Penang. Tweeddale Coll.
e'. Ad. sk. Penang. A. R. Wallace [C.].
f". Q ad, sk. Larup Hills, Perak. L. Wray [C.].
g". Ad. sk. Malacca (Maingay). Tweeddale Coll.
h'—m'. Ad.; n', Malacca. Hume Coll.
o'. Jr. sk.
p'. Ad. Sk, Malacca. Dr. Cantor [C.].
q', r". Ad, sk. Malacca (Cantor). India Museum.
s'. 6 ad. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace[C.].
WOL., XIV. 2 H
466
EURYLAEMI.D.E.
t, w. 3 ad.; v. Malacca (Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll.
ad. sk.
wº ad, ; c.', Nealys, Malacca (Davison). Hume Coll.
y'. Q ad. sk.
z', a.". 6 a.d.; Singapore. Hume Coll.
b". Q ad. sk.
e"—f". 3 ad; g”— Johore (Davison). Hume Coll.
m". Q ad, sk.
n". Q ad. sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallaceſ.C.],
o". Ad. Sk. Sumatra. Sir S. Raffles [C].
(Type of the species.)
p"—r". 6 ad, sk. Sumatra (Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
s", tº. Ad, sk. Lampong, S.E. Sumatra (Buw- Tweeddale Coll.
ton).
w". © ad. ; v". sº, Borneo. Tweeddale Coll.
ir. sk.
wº '. Ad, sk. N.E. Borneo (Low). Tweeddale Coll.
$y". Ad. sk. Bedi, Borneo. Salvin-Godman Coll.
z". Ad. sk. Borneo. Gould Coll.
a". Ad, sk. Borneo. Purchased.
6. CORY DON. Type.
Corydon, Lesson, Man. d’Orn. p. 177 (1828) . . . . . . . . C. Sumatranus.
Underside of bill of Corydon.
The enormously widened and strongly hooked bill at once dis-
tinguishes this type of the Eurylaemina, which is further notable
for its dull and uniform coloration, much in contrast with the pre-
vailing style of the group. Corydon extends from Tenasserim
through the Malay Peninsula to Sumatra and Borneo.
1. Corydon Sumatranus.
Coracias Sumatranus, Itaffes, Trans, Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 303 (1822).
Eurylaimus corydon, Temm. Pl. Col. 297; Less, Tr. d’Orn. p. 261;
Wagl. Syst. Av., Euryl. sp. 1; Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 101.
Corydon Sumatramus Strickl. Ann. N. H. vi. p. 417 ğ. Blyth,
Cat. B. Mus. A. S. p. 195; id. B. Burm. p. 125; Bp. Consp. i.
p. 168; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 267 (Malacca); Salvad. Uce. Born.
p. 111; id. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov, xiv. p. 200 (Sumatra); Cab, et
Heine, Mus. Hein. ii. p. 195; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1863, p. 214
(Borneo); Hume & Dav. Str. F. vi. p. 97 (Tenasserim); Hume,

6. Cory DoN.
4.67
St. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), viii. p. 86 (Malay Penin.), ix. p. 157
(Tenasserim); Gould, B. Asia, i. pl. 61;
Walden, Ibis, 1872,
p. 369 (N. Borneo); Sharpe, Ibis, 1876, p. 48, 1877, p. 21, et 1879,
p. 265 (Borneo); Tweeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. 317 (Sumatra); Nichol-
son, Ibis, 1882, p. 64 (Sumatra), et 1883, p. 90 (Borneo); Oates,
B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 430; Guillemard, P. Z. S. 1885, p. 408
(Borneo).
Corydon temmincki, Less. Man. d'Orn. p. 177 (1828).
Eurylaemus Sumatranus, Vigors, Mem. Raffles, p. 653; G. R. Gray,
List B. Brit. Mus. pt. ii. sect. 1, p. 37 (1848); Pelz. Novara-Reise,
pp. 43, 161.
Eurylaimus (Corydon) sumatranus, Horsf. et Moore, Cat. B. Mus.
E.I. Co. i. p. 117 (1854).
Above dull black, with a large concealed patch of white stained
with crimson in the middle of the back; alar speculum white :
beneath, middle of throat and breast fulvous white; rest of under-
parts black as above; under surface of wing-feathers crossed by a
broad white band; tail black, with a broad white subterminal band
on all the lateral rectrices; bill above plumbeous, beneath yellowish ;
feet black: whole length 10 inches, wing 5-5, tail 4:3. Female
similar, but tail-band not so broad.
Hab. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
Raren Hills (Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll.
a, b. Ad, sk.
c. 6 a.d.; d, e. Q
d. Sk
8.01. SR.
f. 6 ad. ; g. Q ad.
sk.
h. & ad. ; i. 2 a.d.
sk.
j, k, d ad. sk.
l. 3 ad. sk.
m. Q ad. sk.
n—r. & ad.; 8, 9
ad. sk.
t—w. & ad. ; a.
Q ad, sk.
gy—b'. 6 ad. ; c', d'.
Q ad.; e'. Q
ir. sk.
J
f-j'. Ad.; k', Jr.
Pahpoon, Tenass. (Davison).
Younzaleen Creek, Tenass.
(Davison).
Tavoy, Tenass. (Davison).
Thoungyah, Tenass. (J. Darling).
Thoungyeen, Tenass. (C. Y.
Bingham).
Thoungyeen r., Tenasserim (C.
T. Bingham).
Bankasoon, Tenass. (Davison).
Malewoon, Tenass. (Davison).
Klang, Salangore (Davison).
Malacca (Davison).
Malacca (Maingay).
Malacca (Wardlaw Ramsay).
Malacca.
Malacca.
Malacca (Cantor).
Malacca.
Singapore.
Sumatra.
Sumatra (Wallace).
Sumatra (Bock).
Lampong, Sumatra (Bock).
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
FIume Coll.
Hume Coll.
R. B. Sharpe, Esq.
P
Hºol
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
A.R. Wallace[C].
India Museum.
India Museum.
Purchased.
Hume Coll.
A.R. Wallace[C].
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
Tweeddale Coll.
468 EURYLAEMIDAE.
y'. Ad. sk. Lampong, Sumatra (Burton). Tweeddale Coll.
z'. Ad. sk. Sumatra (Wallace). Salvin-Godman Coll.
a". Ad. sk. Banjermassing, Borneo (Mottley). A. R. Wallace [P].
b". Q ad. sk. Busan, Sarawak, Borneo. Salvin-Godman Coll.
c". 6 ad. sk. Busan, Sarawak, Borneo. Tweeddale Coll.
d". Ad. sk. East Indies. Gould Coll.
e". Ad, st. East Indies. Purchased.
7. CYMBORHYNCHUS. T
ype.
Cymbirhynchus, Vigors, Mem, Raffles, p. 654 (1830) . . . . C. Hºus
In Cymborhynchus the bill is not nearly so much widened as in
Corydon, but the form of the nostrils, which lie in a longitudinal
sulcus in the centre of the mandible, renders the genus readily
recognizable from all the other Eurylaeminae.
Cymborhynchus extends from Arrakan through the Malay Penin-
sula over the Sunda Islands.
Rey to the Species.
A. White bars on tail confined to inner webs... 1. macrorhynchus, p. 468.
B. White bars on tail extending over outer webs 2. affinis, p. 470.
1. Cymborhynchus macrorhynchus.
Great-billed Tody, Lath. Gen. Syn. i. pt. 2, p. 664; id. G. H. iv.
p. 94, pl. lxy.
Todus macrorhynchus, Gm. S. N. i. p. 446.
Todus platyrhynchos, Desm. Hist. Nat. Tang. t. 72.
() | Platyrhynch's nasutus, Vieill. N. D. d’H. Wat. xxvii. p. 15; id. Enc.
Méth. p. 844, AN
Todus nasutus, Lath. Ind. Orn. i. p. 268.
Cymborhynchus macrorhynchus, G. R. Gray, Gen. B. i. p. 66; id. List
B. B. M. ii. sect. 1, p. 38; Cab. et Hein. Mus. Hein. ii. p. 122; Cab.
J. f. O. 1853, p. 54; Moore, P. Z. S. 1854, p. 267 (Malacca); Horsf.
et Moore, Cat. B. Mus. E.I. Co. i. p. 119; Sel. P. Z. S. 1863,
. 214 (Borneo); Pelz. Novara-Reise, Vog. pp. 43, 161; Blyth, B.
wrm. p. 126; Walden, Ibis, 1872, p. 270 (N. Borneo); Salvad.
Ucc. Born. p. 109; id. Ann, Mus. Civ. Genov. xiv.p. 199 (Sumatra);
Hume, Str. F. ii. p. 470 (Tenasserim), viii. pp. 50, 86 (Malay
Peninsula); Davison, Str. F. v. p. 457 (Burmah); Hume et
Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 92 (Tenasserim); Sharpe, Ibis, 1876,
p. 48, 1877, p. 22, 1879, p. 264; id. P. Z. S. 1881, p. 798 (Borneo);
Tweeddale, Ibis, 1877, p. 317 (Sumatra); Bingham, Str. F. ix.
p. 157 (Tenasserim); Gould, B. Asia, i. pl. 59; Kelham, Ibis,
1881, p. 382 (Malay Peninsula); Nicholson, Ibis, 1882, p. 64 (Su-
matra), et 1883, p. 89 (Borneo) et p. 254 (Sumatra); Guillemard,
P. Z. S. 1885, p. 408 (Borneo); Oates, B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 428.
Cymbirhynchus malaccensis, Salvad. Att. R. Ac. Sc. Tor. ix. p. 425;
Oates, Str. F. iii. p. 336.
Cymbirhynchus nasutus, Vigors, Mem. Raffles, p. 654; Sw, Flycatchers,
(8/8,
j-y
/. CYMBOREIYNCHUS. 469
p. 237, pl. xxix.; Eyton, P. Z. S. 1839, p. 101 (Malacca); Blyth,
J. A. S. B. xv. p. 311; id. Cat. B. M. A. S. p. 195; Schomburgk,
Ibis, 1864, p. 258 (Siam).
Eurylaemus masutus, Temm. Pl. Col. 154; Less. Man. d'Orn. i. p.175;
Wagl. Syst, Av. Euryl. sp. 2.
Eurylaemus lemniscatus, Raffles, Trans. Linn. Soc. xiii. p. 296.
Erolla nasica, Less. Tr. d’Orn. p. 260.
Above black; rump crimson, more or less varied with yellowish
stripes; elongated scapularies white: beneath crimson, throat and
breast-band black; bend of wing yellowish ; under wing-coverts
and row of subterminal spots on the inner webs of the lateral
rectrices white; bill dark plumbeous, tip and edges greenish : feet
light plumbeous: whole length 8-8 inches, wing 3:8, tail 3:4. Female
similar.
Hab. Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
a. 6 a.d.; b. ? ad. Near Yea, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll.
sk.
c. 6 a.d. sk. Omagoen, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll.
** & ad.; h, Q Tavoy (Davison). Hume Coll.
8.01, SK.
2,7. CŞ ad. ; k—n. Mergui (Davison). Hume Coll.
SP ad. ; o. 92
jr. sk.
p. 3 ad. sk. Tenasserim (town) (Davison). Hume Coll.
q. ‘P ad sk. Bopyin, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll.
7. 92 ad. sk. Takchan, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll.
S. º º: ; t—v. Q Bankasoon, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll.
a Cl. SK.
w. 9 a.d. sk. Malewoon, Tenass. (Davison). Hume Coll.
a’. ‘P ad. sk. Kaukaryit, Temass. (Bingham). Hume Coll.
y-h'. 3 ad. ; '-'. Kossoon, Malay Peninsula (J. Hume Coll.
9 a.d. sk. JDarling).
s'. Q ad. sk. Wellesley Province (Davison). Hume Coll.
t'. Ad. Sk. Penang. A. R. Wallace [C.].
w', 'v'. 3 ad. ; w!, Salangore (Davison). Hume Coll.
a'. Q ad, sk.
y'—a". 3 ad. ;b"—iſ". Klang, Salangore (Davison). Hume Coll.
Q ad.; 7". Ad.;
k". Q jr. sk.
!". 6 ad, ; m"—v". Malacca. Hume Coll.
Ad. sk.
w". Ad. sk. Malacca (Maingay). Tweeddale Coll.
a", y'. 3 ad.; 2". Malacca (Wardlaw Ramsay). Tweeddale Coll.
$2 ad. sk.
a”. Ad. sk. Malacca. A. R. Wallace [C.].
b”, cº. Ad. sk. Malacca (Cantor). India Museum.
d”. Ad. sk. Malacca. W. Harvey, Esq.
[P].
e°, ſ 6º g°. Q Kuroo, Malacca (Davison). Hume Coll.
8,01. S
h9–73. Gad. ; jºk”. Chohong, Malacca (Davison). Hume Coll.
9 a.d. sk.
l”—nº. 3 ad. ; oº. Nealys, Malacca (Davison). Hume Coll.
9 a.d. sk.
EURYLAEMIDAE.
p°–sº. 3 ad. ;
f*—z”. Qad. sk.
a". 3 a.d.; b, c'.
Pulo Seban, Malacca (Davi-
son).
Johore (Davison).
Hume Coll.
Hume Coll.
$2 ad. sk.
dº. 3 ad. ; e”, fº. Singapore (Davison). Hume Coll.
Q ad. sk.
g”. Ad. sk. Siam. Purchased.
h". Ad. sk. Cambodja. Purchased.
*. A d. sk. Cambodja. Tweeddale Coll.
j”. §2 ad. sk. Sumatra. A. R. Wallace [C.].
k", Jr. sk. Sumatra. Purchased.
!”. Jr. sk. West coast of Sumatra. Dr. Faber [C.]
m"—p". Ad. sk. Lampong, Sumatra (Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
q*—vº. 3 ad.; Sumatra (Bock). Tweeddale Coll.
w"—24. Qad.;
a", b”. Ad.sk.
cº-g”. Ad. sk. Labuan. Tweeddale Coll.
h”. Jr. sk. Labuan (Low). R. # Sharpe, Esq.
*, jº. Ad. sk. N.E. Borneo. Tweeddale Coll.
k”. Ad, sk. S.E. Borneo. Tweeddale Coll.
l”. Ad. sk. Borneo. Purchased.
'm”. & ad. sk. Bedi, Borneo. Salvin–Godman Coll.
n°. Ad. sk. Lumbiden, Borneo (Low). *†, Sharpe, Esq.
o°. Ad, sk. Borneo. Purchased.
2. Cymborhynchus affinis.
Cymborhynchus affinis, Blyth, J. A. S. B. xv. p. 312; d. Cat. B. M.
A. S. p. 195; id. B. Burm. p. 126; Oates, Str. F. iii. p. 336, et x.
p. 188 (Pegu); id. B. Brit. Burm. i. p. 429; Hume, Str. F. viii.
p. 86; Gould, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 150; id. B. Asia, i. pl. 60.
Similar to C. macrorhynchus, but with the white spots on the
rectrices larger, extending on the three outer pairs to both webs:
abdomen uniformly red or washed with pale white, not yellowish ;
wing-spot conspicuous, not hidden by the coverts; outer secondaries
spotted at their ends with red; rump obsoletely barred with black.
(Oates.)
Hab. Arrakan and S.W. Pegu.
This, I should say, is hardly more than a subspecies of C. macro-
rhynchus, but Mr. Oates, our chief authority on the birds of Burmah,
recognizes it as distinct.
a. 6 ad, sk. Arrakan Hills. E. W. Oates ſG.T.
b, c. Ad. sk. Arrakan Hills (Raikes). E. W. Oates §
d. Ad. sk. Arrakan Hills. Hume Coll.
e. Ad, sk. Rangoon (J. Armstrong). Hume Coll.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
abdominalis (Citta), 423.
acadica (Muscicapa), 228.
acadicus (Empidomax),
222, 228
acadicus, war. griseigu-
laris (Empidomax), 228.
Acanthidositta, 450, 451.
Acanthisitta, 451.
acer (Tyranniscus), 130,
133
acuticaudatus (Amum-
bius), 52.
acutipennis (Hapalocer-
cus), 93, 95.
Ada, 42.
aequinoctialis (Cyclo-
rhynchus), 166.
aequinoctialis (Rhymcho-
cyclus), 165, 166, 167.
affinis (Cymborhynchus),
468, 470.
affinis (Elaimea), 137,
154
affinis (Myiothera), 446.
affinis (Platypsaris), 335.
affinis (Psaris), 333.
agilis (Anaeretes), 106,
108.
agilis (Euscarthmus), 108.
agilis (Muscicapa), 224.
agilis (Myiobius), 224.
aglaiae (Hadrostomus),
333, 335.
aglaiae (Pachyrhamphus),
335
agiais (Pachyrhynchus),
35
aglaiae (Platypsaris), 336.
aglaiae (Psaris), 365.
Agriormis, 3, 4.
alba (Cotinga), 404.
alba (Procnias), 404.
albescens (Elaimea), 154.
albescens (Pachyrham-
phus), 154, 155.
albicapilla (Muscicapa),
141.
albicauda (Agriornis), 4.
albicauda (Dasycephala),
4
albiceps (Elaimea), 136,
140, 141, 143, 144, 146,
153.
albiceps (Muscipeta), 141.
albicilla (Muscicapa), 150.
albicollis (Contopus),
238.
albicollis (Elaenea), 155.
albicollis (Ilegatus), 155.
albicollis (Muscipeta),155.
albicollis (Tyrannula),
155.
albicollis (Tyrannus), 155.
albicoronatus (Euscarth-
mus), 102.
albidiema (Ochthoeca),
19, 22.
albidiema (Setophaga),
22.
albifrons (Muscisaxicola),
53, 54.
albifrons (Pachyrhyn-
chus), 347.
albifrons (Ptyonura), 54.
albigularis (Empidomax),
221, 223.
albilora (Muscisaxicola),
58.
albimentum (Muscisaxi-
cola), 55.
albitorques (Exetastes),
332.
albitorques (Tityra), 328,
332.
albitorques fraseri (Ti-
tyra), 332.
albiventer (Muscicapa),
36.
albiventris (Fluvicola),
3.
albiventris (Hadrosto-
mus), 333, 335.
albiventris (Platypsaris),
335.
albivertex (Elaimea), 142,
albocinereus (Sirystes),
181, 182.
albocoronata (Serpopha-
ga), 102.
albocristatus (Anaeretes),
106, 107, 108.
albocristatus (Euscarth-
mus), 108.
albocristatus (Tyrannu-
lus), 107.
albogriseaſserphophaga),
102, 103.
alſº (Taenioptera),
13.
albogriseus (Bathmidu-
rus), 347.
albogriseus (Lipaugus),
i § (Lipaugus)
albogriseus (Pachyrham-
phus), 338, 347.
albogriseus (Sirystes),
181, 182.
albogriseus (Tyrannus),
l
albogularis (Platyrhyn-
chus), 64, 66, 67.
albogularis (Tyrannus),
267, 276, 277.
albovittatus (Pitangus),
175, 179.
albus (Chasmorhynchus),
403, 404.
alector (Alectrurus), 39.
alector (Muscicapa), 39.
* (Muscicapa),
39.
Alectrurus, 3, 38.
Alouette noire de la En-
cemada, 61.
472
ALPHABETICAL IND EX.
alpina (Muscisaxicola),
53, 54.
alpina (Taenioptera), 54.
altirostris (Empido-
chanes), 225.
amabilis (Ampelis), 384.
amabilis (Cotinga), 382,
384.
amaurocephalus (Euscar-
thmus), 117.
amaurocephalus (Lepto-
pogon), 115, 116, 117.
amazonum (Heteropel-
ma), 318, 319, 320.
ambulans (Chrysolo-
phus), 52.
ambulams (Tyrannus), 52.
Ampelion, 372, 373.
Amphibolura, 372.
Anaeretes, 64, 106.
Amairetes, 106.
analis (Muscicapa), 46.
andecola (Agriornis), 4,
6, 7.
andecola (Pepoaza), 6.
andinus (Empidonax),
40
angolensis (Brachyurus),
angolensis (Pitta), 419,
angustirostris (Phytoto-
ma), 406, 407.
animosa (Muscicapa),
268.
Anthocincla, 412.
anthracinus (Cnipolegus),
42, 44, 45.
Anticorys, 290.
antillarum (Myiarchus),
247, 262.
antillarum (Tyrannus),
O º
4\)4.
Antilophia, 290.
antomiae (Carpodectes),
389
apicalis (Euscarthmus),
85.
apicalis (Myiarchus), 247,
256.
Apolites, 174.
apolites (Laphyctes), 276.
apolites (Tyrannus), 267,
276.
aquatica (Aulanax), 33.
aquatica (Sayornis), 32,
33.
Arapunga, 403.
arcuata (Ampelis), 375.
arcuata (Pitta), 429,
431.
arcuatum (Laniisoma),
317,
arcuatus (Ampelio), 375.
arcuatus (Ampeliom),373,
375.
arcuatus (Lanius), 317.
arcuatus (Ptilochloris),
317.
arcuatus (Pyrrhorhyn-
chus), 375.
ardesiaca (Tyrannula),
237.
ardesiacus (Contopus),
234, 237.
ardesiacus (Myiochanes),
ardosiaca (Sayormis), 237.
arenacea (Ochthoeca),217.
arenaceus (Empido-
chames), 216, 217.
aremarum (Elaimea), 137,
153.
argentinus (Empido-
chanes), 224.
arquata (Phoenicocichla),
431.
arquata (Pitta), 431.
Arundimicola, 3, 37.
asilus (Muscapeta), 121.
assimills (Mionectes), 113.
assimills (Pitta), 428.
assimulis (Psarisomus),
458.
assimilis (Rhynchocy-
clus), 168.
aterrima (Sericoptila),44.
aterrimus (Cmipolegus),
42, 44, 45.
aterrimus (Pachyrhyn-
chus), 334.
atricapilla (Melanopitta),
438.
atricapilla (Pipra), 341.
atricapilla (Pitta), 438,
439, 440, 443.
atricapilla (Tityra), 333.
atricapilla sanghirama
(Pitta), 440.
atricapillus (Bathmudu-
rus), 347.
atricapillus
urus), 438.
atricapillus (Hadrosto-
mus), 333, 334.
atricapillus (Lanius),
347
(Brachy-
atricapillus (Orchilus),
8
atrica pilius (Pachyrham-
phus), 337, 338, 341,
347, 348.
atricapillus (Psaris), 341.
atricaudus (Myiobius),
199, 200.
atriceps (Empidomax),
220.
atriceps (Megastoma),
190.
atriceps (Mitrephanes),
219, 220, 221.
atriceps (Myiarchus),
247, 259.
atrifrons (Tyrannus), 186.
atripennis (Fluvicola),
35, 37.
atrirostris (Empidonax),
157
atronitens (Xenopipo),
287
atropurpurea (Ampelis),
388.
atropurpurea (Xiphole-
na), 387, 388.
atropurpureus (Myiar-
chus), 215.
Attila, 358.
Attila sp., 362.
Auchmalea, 60.
audax (Hadrostomus),
333.
audax (Megarhynchus),
185.
audax (Muscicapa), 185.
audax (Myiodynastes),
182, 184, 185, 186.
*: (Scaphorhynchus),
185.
audax (Tyrannus), 183,
185.
audax insolens (Myiody-
mastes), 182.
audax mobilis (Myiody-
mastes), 184,
Aulanax, 32.
Aulia, 349, 354.
aurantia(Muscipeta),343.
aurantia (Rupicola), 369.
aurantiaca (Chiromachae-
ris), 312,316.
aurantiacus (Metopo-
thrix), 292.
aurantirventris (Mitre-
phanes), 219, 220.
aurantiiventris (Mitre-
phorus), 219.
aurantiivertex (Hetero-
cercus), 324, 325.
aurantio - atro - cristatus
(Empidonomus), 265,
266.
aurantio - atro - cristatus
(Tyrannus), 266.
ALPEIABETICAL INDEX.
473
aureipectus (Ampelis),
§§ p
aureipectus (Euchloror-
mis), 380.
aureipectus (Pipreola),
377, 380.
aureipectus (Pyrrhorhyn-
chus), 380.
aureiventris (Myiobius),
199, 205.
aureola (Pipra), 292,293,
294,
auricapilla (Pipra), 293,
296
auriceps (Myiobius), 209.
auriculare (Todirostrum),
auricularis (Orchilus), 88,
auricularis (Platyrhyn-
chus), 88.
auricularis (Triccus), 89.
auriflamma (Tyrannus),
266.
aurifrons (Elaimea), 323.
aurifrons (Euscarthmus),
323
aurifrons (Heteropelma),
323.
aurifrons (Muscicapa),
323
aurifrons (Neopelma),
323.
auritus (Leptopogon),
15
aurocapillus (Manacus),
6
aurora (Euphone), 392.
aurora (Muscicapa), 251.
axillaris (Empidonax),
223.
azarae (Alectura), 39.
azarae (Cyanotis), 109,
110.
azarae (Fluvicola), 13.
azarae (Regulus), 110.
(Blacicus),
bairdi (Saurophagus),
186.
Bald Crow, 401.
bangkana (Brachyurus),
443.
bangkana (Pitta), 443.
barbata (Muscicapa), 199.
barbata (Muscipeta), l99.
barbatus (Myiobius), 198,
199, 201.
Barbichon de Cayenne,
155, 199.
barbirostris
241, 244.
barbirostris (Tyrannula),
2
(Blacicus),
Bare-necked Grakle, 402.
Bathmidurus, 337.
baudi (Brachyurus), 444.
baudi (Iridipitta), 444.
baudi (Pitta), 414, 444.
bellicosa (Hirundinea),
195, 196.
bellicosus (Pitangus),
177.
bellicosus (Saurophagus),
177.
bellicosus (Tyrannus),
96
beliulus (Tyrannus), 40.
bellus (Myiobius), 199,
207
bengalensis (Brachyurus),
423.
bengalensis (Corvus),423.
bengalensis (Pitta), 423.
berlepschi (Phyllomyias),
121, 123.
bertae (Pitta), 419, 425.
bicolor (Fluvicola), 35,
36
bicolor (Muscicapa), 35.
bicolor (Platyrhynchus),
35.
Bigotillo, 67.
bimaculata (Muscipeta),
224.
*
binnaculatus (Empido-
max), 216, 222, 224,
225.
Elacicus, 189, 241.
IBlack-cheeked Thrush,
410.
blancoi (Blacicus), 241,
243.
Blechropus, 10.
bloxami (Phytotoma),
406.
bloxami (Sylvia), 106.
º (Contopus),
•)
*
babamensis
241, 242.
bahamensis (Contopus),
242.
bahamensis (Empidomax),
242
bahamensis (Pitangus),
175, 180.
bahamensis (Tyrannula),
261.
bairdi (Empidonax), 222,
228, 230, 231.
bairdi (Myiodynastes),
182, 186, 187, 188.
WOL. XIV.
bogotensis (Tyrannula),
238.
boissoneaui (Tyrannus),
boliviana (Muscicapara),
121, 134, 152.
bolivianus (Attila), 358.
bolivianus (Pitangus),
174, 177.
bolivianus (Saurophagus),
177.
bolivianus (Tyranniscus),
130, 134.
borealis (Contopus), 234,
235.
borealis (Tyrannus), 234.
boschi (Eucichla), 445,
44
7.
boschi (Pitta), 447.
brachycerca (Pitta), 423.
brachyrhynchus (Conto-
pus), 234, 236.
brachytarsus (Contopus),
234, 240, 245.
brachytarsus (Empido-
max), 240.
brachyura (Citta), 423.
brachyura (Myiothera),
420.
brachyura (Pitta), 413,
419, 423, 426,427.
Brachyurus, 413.
brachyurus (Corvus),423,
brachyurus (Merula),
427.
brachyurus (Myiarchus),
246.
brachyurus (Pipra), 303.
brachyurus (Tyran-
neutes), 302, 303.
brachyurus, var. benga-
lensus (Corvus), 423.
brachyurus, var. mada-
gascariensis (Corvus),
420.
brachyurus, var. philip-
pensis (Corvus), 438.
brasiliensis (Attila), 358,
359, 360.
brasiliensis (Psaris),
29,
brasiliensis (Tityra), 328,
3.29.
brasiliensis (Tyrannus),
Brève de Malacca (Le),
423.
Brève des Philippines,
438.
Brève Irene, 427,
3 I
474
ALPEIABETICAL INDEX.
brevicauda (Coloburis),
438.
brevicauda (Muscigralla),
63
brevicauda (Ochthites),
brevicauda (Turdus),438.
brevirostris (Cyclorhym-
chus), 166.
brevirostris (Elaimea),
122, 155.
brevirostris(Empidagra),
155.
brevirostris (Muscicapa),
brevirostris (Phyllo-
myias), 121, 122.
brevirostris (Platyrhyn-
chus), 121.
brevirostris (Rhynchocy-
clus), 165, 166.
Brissomia, 409,
brunnea (Muscisaxicola),
53.
brunneicapillus
cus), 241, 243.
brunneicapillus (Tyran-
mulus), 128, 129.
brumnescens (Empido-
max), 224.
brunneus (Empidomax),
224,
buckleyi
317, 318.
Buddinghia, 409.
budytoides (Culicivora),
100.
budytoides (Setophaga),
100
(Blaci-
(Ptilochloris),
budytoides (Stigmatura),
100.
burmeisteri (P'yllo-
myias), 121, 122.
byronensis (I.egulus),
110.
cabanisi (Cnipolegus), 43,
47, 48 -
Caenotriccus, 64, 86.
caerulea (Ampelis), 382.
caerulea (Cotinga), 382,
383.
caerule
416.
caerulea (Hydrornis),416.
caerulea (Myiothera), 416.
caerulea (Pitta), 413, 416.
(Gigantipitta),
casruleus (Brachyurus),
416.
calcaratus (Tyrannus),
356.
Callopsaris, 337.
Calopitta, 414, 419.
caloptera (Formicivora),
29 -
caloptera (Ochthoeca), 29.
caloptera (Serpophaga),
29.
calopterum (Todiros-
trum), 69, 72.
calopterus (Mecocercu-
lus), 27, 29, 30.
calva (Ampelis), 401.
calva (Coracina), 401.
calvus (Corvus), 401.
calvus (Gymnocephalus),
401.
Calyptomena, 455.
Calyptura, 372, 390.
Camptostoma, 125.
cancroma (Platyrhyn-
chus), 66, 67, 68.
camcroma (Todus), 67.
cancrominus (Platyrhyn-
chus). 64, 66.
candaei (Chiromachaeris),
312, 314.
candaei (Manacus), 314.
candaei (Pipra), 314.
caniceps (Elainea), 137,
i50, 151.
caniceps (Tyrammula),
151.
cantams (Myiarchus), 253,
254.
capistrata (Ptyomura),
capitale (Todirostrum),
69, 75.
capitalis (Mitrephanes),
219, 220.
capitalis (Myiobius), 220.
Capsiempis, 109, 120.
capucinus (Gymnocepha-
lus), 401.
Caracterizado blanco ca-
bos megros, 329.
Caracterizado camela y
cabeza negra, 333.
Caracterizado verde coro-
na negra, 338. 4.
caribaea (Muscicapa), 242.
caribaea (Muscipeta), 242.
caribaeus (Blacicus), 241,
242, 243.
caribaeus (Contopus), 242.
caribaeus, var. bahamen-
sis (Contopus), 242.
caribaeus, war. hispanio-
lensis (Contopus), 242.
caribaeus, var. pallidus
(Contopus), 243.
carnifex (Ampelis), 367,
368
carnifex (Phoenicercus),
367.
carnifex (Phoenicocercus),
367.
carnivorus (Tyrannus),
190.
carolimensis (Tyrannus),
267, 268.
Carpodectes, 372, 389.
Carpornis, 373.
carribaea, var. hispanio-
lensis(Tyrannula), 242.
carumculata (Ampelis),
403.
Carunculated Chatterer,
403.
carunculatus (Chasmo-
rhynchus), 403.
Casiornis, 358, 365.
Casmorhynchos, 403.
cassinii (Tvrannus), 269.
castamea (Philepitta),410.
castanea (Tityra), 343.
castaneus (Turdus), 410.
castelnaudi (Megalo-
phus), 192.
castelnaudi (Muscivora),
192
castelnaudi Onychorhyn-
chus), 192.
caudacuta (Calyptome-
ma), 456.
caudata (Chiroxiphia),
307, 310.
caudata (Pipra), 310.
caudifasciatus (Pitangus),
175, 179, 180.
caudifasciatus
nus), 179, 180.
cayana (Ampelis), 385.
cayana (Cotinga), 382,
385, 386.
cayama (Rupicola), 369.
º (Tityra), 327,328,
(Tyran-
caºruleitorques (Pitta),
433.
caºruleocapilla (Pipra),
293, 300.
cayamensis (Elaenea), 160.
cayanensis (Muscicapa),
cayanensis (Psaris), 328.
cayamensis (Tyrannus),
t -
cayanensis minor (Tyran-
mus), 251.
cavanus (Lanius), 328.
cayamus (Psaris),328,329.
AIPHABETICAL INDEX,
475
cayennensis (Ampelis),
385.
cayennensis (Gymnode-
rus), 402.
cayennensis (Muscicapa),
178.
cayennensis (Muscipeta),
161.
cayennensis (Myioze-
tetes), 159, 160, 162.
cayennensis (Tyrannula),
[62
celebensis (Brachyurus),
436.
celebensis (Erythropitta),
436,
celebensis (Pitta), 432,
436, 437.
Centrates, 3, 60.
Centrophames, 60.
Cephalamius, 173.
cephaloptera (Coracina),
399.
Cephalopterus, 395, 398.
cephalotes (Myiarchus),
247, 254.
Ceratopipra, 283, 288.
Ceratotriccus, 64, 85.
Cercophaena, 307.
Cerviniputta, 414.
cerviniventris (Rhyncho-
cyclus), 243.
Chasmorhynchus,
403.
Chatterer, Carunculated,
403.
Chatterer,
405.
Chelldis, 372.
chilensis (Ochthoeca),
56.
chiriquensis (Elaimea),
138.
395,
Variegated,
Chirocylla, 349.
Chiromachaeris, 283, 312.
Chiroprion, 307.
Chiroxiphia, 283, 307.
chlorion (Hemipipo), 285.
chlorion (Piprites), 283,
284, 285.
chloris (Acanthidositta),
451.
chloris
451.
chloris (Hemipipo), 284.
chloris (Pipra), 284.
chloris (Piprites), 283,
284.
chloris (Sitta), 451.
chlorolepidota (Pipreola),
376.
(Acanthisitta),
chloromeros (Pipra), 293,
295.
Chloropipo, 283, 286.
Chloropsaris, 337.
Chorreado todo, 185.
Choucas chauve de Ca-
yenne, 401.
chrysocephalum (Hetero-
pelma), 319, 322.
chrysocephalus (Hyper-
mitres), 188.
chrysocephalus (Mega-
rhynchus), 187, 190.
chrysocephalus (Mylody-
mastes), 182, 183, 187.
chrysocephalus (Pitan-
gus), 187.
chrysocephalus (Scapho-
rhynchus), 187.
chrysocephalus minor
(Myiodynastes), 187.
chrysoceps (Muscipeta),
209.
chrysoceps
chus), 209.
chrysoceps (Tyrannula),
209.
(Platyrhyn-
chrysochloris
pa), 41.
chrysocrotaphum (Todi-
rostrum), 69, 71.
chrysogaster (Megarhyn-
chus), 190.
Chrysolophus, 52.
chrysopogon (Pupra), 372.
chrysops (Tyramniscus),
130, 135.
chlysops (Tyrannulus),
13.5
(Muscica-
chrysoptera (Ampelis),
373.
chrysoptera (Anticorys),
291.
chrysoptera (Pipra), 291.
chrysoptera(Ptilochloris),
373,
chrysopterus
290, 291.
Chrysopteryx, 373.
cinchometi (Conopias),
173, 174.
cinchoneti (Tyrannus),41,
74
(Masius),
cincta (Ampelis), 383.
cincta (Cotinga), 382, 383,
384.
cinctus (Ampelio), 375.
cinctus (Ampelion), 373,
375.
cinctus (Ampelis), 375.
calleracea (Ampelis), 352.
cineracea (Lathria), 352.
cineracea (Sayornis), 32,
34
cineracea (Tyrranula), 34.
cineraceus (Lipaugus),
351, 352.
cineraceus (Myiochames),
6.
cinerascens (Elainea),
136.
cimerascens (Muscicapa),
356.
cinerascens (Myiarchus),
246, 248,250.
cinerascens (Pachyrhyn-
chus), 333.
cinerascens (Tyrannula),
$)
cinerea (Ampelis), 352.
cInerea (Dasycephala),
363.
cinerea(Elainea).103,136.
cinerea (Lathria), 350,
352.
cinerea (Muscicapa), 363.
cinerea (Muscisaxicola),
53, 55.
cinerea (Pipra), 341.
cmerea (Serphophaga),
102, 103.
cinerea (Tityra), 328.
cinerea (Tyrannula), 245.
cinereiceps (Cyclorhyn-
chus), 169.
cinereiceps (Rhyncho-
cyclus), 165, 169, 170.
cimereiceps (Tyranniscus),
130, 131.
cinereiceps (Tyrannula),
131
Cl.
cinereicolle (Todiros-
trum), 88.
cinereicollis (Euscarth-
mus), 88.
cinereicollis (Orchilus),
SS.
cinereigulare (Oncos-
toma), 76, 77.
cinereigulare (Todiros-
trum), 77.
cinerelventris (Pachy-
rhamphus), 338, 344,
345, 346.
cinereocapilla
myias), 121.
cinereum (Todirostrum),
69, 70, 71.
cinereus (Attila),359, 363,
364.
cinereus (Chipolegus), 43,
47
(Phyllo-
476
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
cinereus (Contopus), 245.
cinereus (Euscarthmus),
103, 104.
cinereus (Myiarchus), 245.
cinereus (Myiochames),
245.
cinereus (Pachyrham-
phus), 338, 341.
cinereus (Platyrhynchus),
245
cinereus (Todus), 69, 73.
cinereus (Triccus), 70.
cinereus (Tyrannus), 11.
cunnamomea (Muscipeta),
202. Ås
cinnamomea (Neopipo),
303.
cmnamomea (Pipra), 303.
cinnamomea (Tyrannula),
202.
cinnamomeiventris (Och-
thosca), 19, 24, 25,
cinnamomeiventris (Seto-
phaga), 24.
cinnamomeus (Attila),
358.
cinnamomeus (Myiobius),
198, 202, 203.
cinnamomeus (Pachy-
rhamphus), 337, 342.
cinnamomeus (Pyrrho-
myias), 202.
circumcinctus(Tyrannus),
155.
Cirrhipipra, 289.
Cirrhopipra, 283, 289,
citreola (Arundinicola),
95.
citreopyga (Dasycephala),
361
citreopygius (Attila), 359,
361, 362.
citrina (Acanthisitta),
451.
citrina (Motacilla), 451.
citrina (Muscicapa), 155.
citrina (Sylvia), 451.
Citrine Warbler, 451.
citrinella (Motacilla), 451.
citrinifrons (Ochtliceca),
19, 22, 23.
citriniventris(Attila), 359,
363, 364
citrinopygius (Myiobius),
200.
Citta, 413.
climacura (Fluvicola), 35,
cly mazura (OEnanthe), 36.
Ciupodectes, 189, 197.
Cnlpolegus, 3, 42.
coccinea (Ampelis), 367.
coccinea (Pipra), 368.
coccinea (Pitta), 429,
431.
coelestis (Cotinga), 382.
Cola rara pardo y blanco,
Colmud de Cayenne (Le),
402.
Coloburus, 414.
colombianus
zetetes), 162.
Colon, 50.
colonus (Copurus), 50.
colonus (Muscicapa), 50.
Colopterus, 64, 90.
Colorhamphus, 101.
comata (Muscicapa), 43.
comatus (Cnupolegus), 42,
43, 44.
concinna (Pitta),
426.
concummus (Brachyurus),
426.
Comopias, 109, 173.
consobrina (Ochthoeca),
30
(Myio-
420,
consobrimus (Mecocer-
culus), 27, 30.
Contopus, 189, 234.
Contramaestre copatillo
ordinario, 102.
Contramaestre pardo ver-
doso corona amazilla,
148,
cooperi (Contopus), 234.
cooperi (Muscicapa), 234.
cooperi (Myiarchus), 250.
Copurus, 3, 50.
Coracina, 397, 402.
coracina (Pipra), 297,
298
Coracopitta, 412,449.
Corapipo, 292.
cornuta (Ceratopipra),
288.
cornuta (Pipra), 287,
288.
coronata (Chiroma-
chaeris), 312, 316.
coronata (Muscicapa),
211.
coronata (Pepoaza), 12.
coronata (Pipra), 299.
coronata (Pitta), 423,
427, 443.
coronata (Suiriri), 212.
coronata (Taenioptera),
11, 12.
coronata(Tyrannula),213.
coronata (Xolmis), 12.
coronatus (Brachyurus),
423.
coronatus (Myiarchus),
2] I
coronatus
chus), 65.
coronatus (Pyrocephalus),
211.
coronatus (Turdus), 423,
427.
coronatus (Tyrannus), 12.
Coromis, 402.
coromulatus (Masius),290,
(Platyrhyn-
Corydon, 458, 466.
corydon (Eurylamus),
465.
Cotinga, 372, 382.
Cotinga (Le), 382.
cotinga (Ampelis), 382,
383.
Cotingablanc de Cayemme,
403
Cotinga cemdré (Le), 352.
Cotinga de Cayenne, 385.
Cotinga des Maymas, 386.
Cotinga du Brésil, 383.
Cotinga pourpre de Cay-
enne, 387.
cotta (Elaimea), 137, 149.
couchi (Tyrannus), 274.
cozumelae (Attila), 359.
crassirostris(Brachyurus),
427.
crassirostris (Megarhyn-
chus), 271.
crassirostris
chus), 271.
crassirostris (Pitta), 420,
427.
(Melittar-
crassirostris (Tyrannus),
267, 271.
crimita (Muscicapa), 247.
crimita (Tyrannula), 247.
crimitus (Myiarchus), 246,
247, 248, 249.
crimitus (Myionax), 248.
crinitus (Todus), 80.
crimitus (Triccus), 80.
crimutus (Tyrannus), 247,
251, 252.
crimitus cooperi (Myiar-
chus), 250.
crimitus erythocercus
(Myiarchus), 250.
crimitus, var. cinerascens
(Myiarchus), 249.
crimitus, var. crimitus
(Myiarchus), 248.
crimitus, var. irritablis
(Myiarchus), 251.
ALPEIABETICAL INDEX.
77
curtipes (Tyrannula),
245.
cuvieri (Pachyrhynchus),
338.
cuvierii (Pachyrham-
phus), 339.
cuvier11 (Psaris), 338.
cyanea (Eucichla), 417.
cyanea (Gigantipitta),
417.
cyanea (Pitta), 414, 417.
cyaneocapilla (Pipra),
292, 293,299.
cyaneus (Brachyurus),
417.
cyamirostris (Cnipolegus),
42, 44, 46.
cyanirostris (Muscicapa),
cyanirostris (Sericoptila),
46.
cyanonota (Erythro-
pitta), 435.
cyanonota (Pitta), 432,
35
cyanonotus (Brachyurus),
Cyanopitta, 414.
cyanoptera (Coloburis),
420
cyanoptera (Pitta), 419,
420, 422.
CVanOpterus
sº 420.
Cyamotus, 109.
cyanura (Eucichla), 445,
446, 447.
cyamura (Myothera), 445.
cyanura (Pitta), 445.
cyanurus (Turdus), 445.
Cybernetes, 3, 40.
Cyclorhynchus, 165.
Cymbirhynchus, 468.
Cymborhynchus, 458,468.
(Brachy-
dalhousiae (Crossodera),
459.
dalhousiae (Eurylaimus),
458, 459.
dalhousias (Psarisomus),
458.
Dasycephala, 358.
Dasyncetopa, 292.
Dasyopsis, 358.
davisoni (Brachyurus),
417.
deliciosa (Pipra), 305.
deliciosus (Machaero-
pterus), 304, 305, 306.
dºwnriconomo
derbianus (Pitangus), 174,
175, 176.
derbianus (Saurophagus),
175.
derbianus rufipennis (Pi—
tangus), 175.
Despotes, 277.
cristata (Calyptura), 394.
cristata (Elainea), 142,
143.
cristata (Motacilla), 91.
cristata (Muscicapa), 102.
cristata (Phibalura), 372.
cristata (Phyllomyias),
121.
cristatellus (Anaeretes),
cristatus (Blechropus),
cristatus (Colopterus), 91.
cristatus (Oxyrhynchus),
cristatus
394.
cristatus (Phyllomyias),
134.
(Pardalotus),
cristatus (Psaris), 333.
crocea (Rupicola), 369.
Crossodera, 458.
Crow, Bald, 401.
crudelis (Tyrannus), 274,
cruenta (Muscicapa), 396.
cruenta (Querula), 396,
397.
cruentus (Thremoedus),
396.
crypterythrus (Myiobius),
199, 210.
cryptolopha (Lathria),
350, 354.
cryptoxanthus(Myiobius),
cucullata (Ampelis), 374.
cucullata (Coloburis),443.
cucullata (Melanopitta),
443.
cucullata (Pitta), 414,
438, 442.
cucullata (Procnias), 374,
cucullatus (Ampelio),
374.
cucullatus (Ampelion),
373, 374.
cucullatus (Brachyurus),
443.
cucullatus (Carpornis),
4
cuculiatus (Cymbirhyn-
chus), 465.
cucullatus (Eurylaemus),
5
465.
Culicivora, 64, 97.
cunninghamii (Guber-
metes), 40.
cunninghamii (Tyran-
nus), 41.
cuprea (Ampelis), 367.
cursoria (Fluvicola), 36.
despotes (Muscicapa),
274.
diadema (Mecocerculus),
26
diadema (Myiobius), 26.
diadema (Ochthoeca), 19,
26.
diadema (Tyrannula),
26.
difficilis (Empidonax),
222, 229.
digglesi (Pitta), 437.
dimidiatus (Pachyrham-
phus), 340.
diops (Hemitriccus), 91.
diops (Muscicapa), 91.
diops (Todirostrum), 91.
I)ixiphia, 292.
Doliornis, 372, 390.
dominicana (Muscicapa),
37.
dominicana (Pepoaza),
13.
dominicana (Taenioptera),
11, 13, 14.
dominicamus (Muscicapa),
13.
dominicanus (Tyrannus),
13
domimicensis (Lanius),
P-
24 Z.
domimicensis (Melittar-
chus), 272.
dominicensis (Muscicapa),
* * * *
dominicensis (Myiar-
chus), 247, 260.
dominicensis (Sayornis),
242.
dominicensis (Tyran-
nulus), 272.
dorsalis (Pachyrham-
phus), 344, 345.
dorsalis (Sylvia), 61.
Drymomax, 267.
dubius (Pyrocephalus),
214, 215.
dupontii . . . (Platyrhyn-
chus), 338.
ecarunculatus (Chasmo-
rhynchus), 404.
ecaudatum(Todirostrum),
88, 89.
zº.
478
AI, PHABETICAL INT) EX.
ecaudatus (Orchilus), 88,
89
edwardsii (Mamacus),
313.
edwardsii (Pipra), 313.
Blae nea, 136.
Elaimea, 109, 136.
Elainea sp., 147.
elata (Pipra), 129.
elata (Sylvia), 128.
elatus (Tyrannulus), 128.
elegans (Ampelis), 381.
elegans (Elaimea), 14S,
150, 151.
elegans (Muscicapa), 148.
elegans (Pipreola), 377,
381.
elegans (Pitta), 427, 447.
elegans (Rupicola), 369.
elegans (Vermivora), 108.
ellioti (Eucichla), 445,
448.
ellioti (Pitta), 448.
emiliae (Iodopleura), 393.
Empidagra, 109, 154.
Empidlas, 189,264.
Empidochames, 189, 216.
Empidomax, 189, 221.
Empidonax sp., 225.
Empidomomus, 189, 265.
Entomophagus. 35.
Erator, 328.
erythrocephala (Pipra),
295, 296.
erythrocercus (Myiar-
chus), 250, 251.
erythrocercus, war cooperi
(Myiarchus), 250.
erythrocercus, var. ery-
throcercus(Myiarchus),
251.
erythrogaster (Brachy-
urus), 432.
erythrogaster (Coloburis),
432.
erythrogastra (Erythro-
pitta), 432.
erythrogastra (Pitta),
432, 433.
erythrogenys (Psaris),
331
erythronota (Lessonia),
61.
erythromotus (Anthus),
61.
Erythropitta, 413, 414,
432.
erythroptera (Tyrannula),
159.
erythropterus (Myio-
zetetes), 159.
erythropygia (Taenio-
ptera), 9.
erythropygius (Myiothe-
retes), 8, 9.
erythrorhynchus (Chry-
sopteryx), 373.
erythrura (Tyrannula),
203.
erythrurus
198, 203.
Euchlormis, 376
JEuchlorornis, 376.
Eucichla, 412, 445.
euler] (Empiclochames),
224.
Eulopogon, 403
eupogon (Muscicapa), 199.
Eupsilostoma, 97.
Eurylaemus, 458, 463.
Eurylaimus, 463.
Euscarthmus, 64, 78.
Exetastes, 328.
Exetastus, 328.
exile (Todirostrum), 90.
eximia (Muscicapa), 97,
98,
eximius (Euscarthmus),
(Myiobius),
eximius (Pogonotriccus),
97, 98
fallax (Elaimea), 137,
147.
fasciata (Muscicapa), 199.
fasciata (Pipra), 293,
2.94.
fasciatus (Myiarchus), 44.
fernandezlama (Culici-
vora), 107.
fernandezianus (Anae-
retes), 106, 107.
fernandezianus (Eus-
carthmus), 107
ferocior (Myiarchus), 253.
ferox (Muscicapa), 251,
253
ferox (Myiarchus), 246,
247, 251, 253,254, 255,
256.
ferox (Tyrannus), 251,
253
ferruginea (Hirundinia),
195, 196.
ferruginea
196,
ferruginea (Phoneutria),
196.
(Muscivora),
ferruginea (Tyrannula),
209.
ferrugimeiceps (Elainea),
2U'ſ.
ferrugineus (Myiarchus),
195.
ferrugineus (Todus), 195.
Figuer hupé de Cayenne,
ſilicauda (Cirrhipipra),
filicauda
289
filicauda (Copurus), 50.
filicauda (Pipra), 289.
filicauda (Platyrhynchus),
J
5
(Cirrhopipra),
filicaudum (Teleonema),
289.
flammiceps (Muscicapa),
flammiceps (Oxyrham-
phus), 280, 281.
flammiceps (Oxyrhyn-
chus), 281.
flammulatus (Attila), 358.
flammulatus (Myiarchus),
247, 263.
flaveola (Capsiempis),
120.
flaveola (Chiromachaeris),
312, 315.
flaveola
120.
flaveola (Muscipeta), 120.
ſlaveolus (Manacus), 315.
ſlavescens (Empidomax),
222, 231.
flavicans (Myiobius), 85,
199, 205, 206, 207.
ſlavicapilla (Chloropipo),
286.
(Muscicapa),
flavicapilla (Pipra), 286,
flavicapillum (Hetero-
pelma), 319, 321.
flaviceps (Megastoma),
190
flavicollis
286.
flavicollis (Pipra), 393,
2.94.
(Chloropipo),
flavidifrons (Tyranniscus),
135.
flavidifrons (Tyrannulus),
135.
ſlavifrons (Todirostrum),
erythrops (Leptopogon),
115, 119.
erythroptera (Lichenops),
48.
flavifrons (Tyranniscus),
135.
flavigularis (Platyrhyn-
chus), 64, 65.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
479
flavinucha (Muscisaxi-
cola), 53, 57.
flayirostris (Amphibo-
lura), 372.
flavirostris (Anaeretes),
106, 108.
flavirostris (Phibalura),
372.
flavitincta (Pipra), 315.
flaviventer (Cyclorhyn-
chus), 171.
flaviventre (Campto-
stoma), 126.
flaviventris (Alecturus),
flaviventris (Arundini-
cola), 94.
flavi ventris (Empidomax),
222, 229, 230.
flaviventris (Euscarth-
mus), 94, 95.
flaviventris (Hapolocer-
cus), 93, 94, 95.
*i. (Muscipeta),
71.
flaviventris (Platyrhyn-
chus), 120.
flaviventris (Rhyncho-
cyclus), 165, 171, 172.
flaviventris (Tyrannula),
119, 230.
flavlventris, Yar. difficilis
(Empidomax), 229.
flavivertex (Elainea), 137,
5
flavivertex (Heterocer-
cus), 324, 325.
flavivertex (Muscisaxi-
cola), 57.
flavo-cinerea (Phyllos-
cartes), 101.
flavo cinerea (Stigma-
tura), 100, 101.
flavo-olivaceus (Rhyncho-
cyclus), 168, 169, 170.
flavovirens (Leptopogon),
115, 119
flavus (Corvus), 176.
flavus (Megarhynchus),
178.
fluviatilis (Muscisaxi-
cola), 54, 59.
Fluvicola, 3, 35.
Flycatcher, Whiskered,
199.
foetida (Coracina), 402.
foetida (Gracula), 402.
foetidus (Gymnoderus),
402.
ſorficata (Muscicapa),
279.
forficatus (Gubernetes),
41.
forficatus (Milvulus), 277,
279
formosa (Ampelis), 378.
formosa (Euchlorornis),
378.
formosa (Pipreola), 376,
378.
formosa (Pyrrhorhyn-
chus), 378.
forsteni (Brachyurus),
2
forsteni (Melanopitta),
442
forsteni (Pitta), 438,
442
frantzii (Elainea), 137,
145, 146
fraseri (Tityra), 332.
fraseril (Psaris), 332.
frater (Oxyrhamphus),
281.
frater (Oxyrhynchus),
C.I .
frazarı (Contopus), 242.
fringillaris (Empido-
chanes), 216, 224.
frontalis (Euchlornis),
&T) >
of 9,
frontalls (Pipreola), 376,
379.
fromtalis (Ptyomura), 55.
fuligimosa (Muscicapa),
240.
fuligimosa (Planchesia),
245.
fulva (Alauda), 6].
fulva (Muscisaxicola), 61.
fulwiceps (Euscarthmus),
94.
fulwiceps (Hapalocercus),
93, 94.
fulvitrons (Empidomax),
221, 222.
fulvifrons (Mitrephorus),
222.
fulvifrons (Muscicapa),
222,
fulvifrons pallescens
(Empidomax), 223.
fulvifrons pallescens (Mi-
trephanes), 222.
fulvifrons pygmaeus (Em-
pidomax), 223.
fulvifrons pygmaeus (Mi-
trephanes), 223.
fulwifrons rubicundus
(Empidonax), 222.
fulvifrons rubicumdus
(Mitrephanes), 223.
fulvifrons, var. pallescens
(Mitrephorus), 223.
fulvipectus (Cyclorhyn-
chus), 167.
fulvipectus (Empidonax),
232, 233.
fulvipectus (Rhyncho-
cyclus), 165, 167. ©
fulvus (Anthus), 61.
fumicolor (Ochthoeca), 18,
fumifrons (Euscarthmus),
78, 79.
fumifrons (Todirostrum),
79.
fumigata (Ochthoéca),
17
fumigata (Tyrannula),
17.
fumigatus (Myiobius),
17
fumigatus (Ochthodiaeta),
16, 17.
funebris (Copurus), 50.
furcata (Muscicapa), 274.
furcatum (Todirostrum),
85.
furcatus (Ceratotriccus),
85
furcatus (Tyrannus),
274
fusca (Ampelis), 393.
fusca (Casiornis),
366.
fusca (Iodopleura), 392,
393
365,
ſusca (Muscicapa), 245,
264.
fuscata (Muscipeta), 216.
fuscatus (Empidochames),
216, 224.
fuscatus (Myiobius), 216.
fuscicapilla (Muscicapa),
26
fuscicapillus (Copurus),
51.
fuscocinerea (Lathria),
350, 351.
fuscoelnerea (Querula),
350.
fuscocimereus (Lipaugus),
350.
fusco-rufus (Ochtho-
diaeta), 17, 18.
fuscus (Aulamax), 264.
fuscus (Empidias), 261,
264
fuscus (Myiarchus), 264.
fuscus (Platyrhynchus),
(55
fuscus (Sayornis), 264.
480
ALPHABETICAL INDEX,
gabbi (Pitangus), 175,
180
gainardi (Elaimea), 137,
150, 151, 152.
gainardi (Muscicapara),
150.
galeata (Antilophia), 290.
galeata (Metopia), 290.
galeata (Motacilla), 91.
galeata (Muscicapa), 43.
galeata (Pipra), 290,
321
gaiºus (Colopterus), 87,
90, 91
Gallita, 38.
Gallito, 39.
geoffroyi (Philepitta),
410.
Gigantipitta, 413, 414,
416
gigas (Elaimea), 136, 140.
gigas (Pitta), 417.
gilviventris (Acanthi-
sitta), 453.
gilviventris (Xenicus),
452, 453.
glaber (Sublegatus), 157,
158.
glabricollis (Cephalo-
pterus), 399, 400.
gnatho (Muscicapa), 271.
Gobe-mouche à poitrime
tachetée de Cayenme,
209.
Gobe-mouche brun de
Cayenne, 245.
Gobe-mouche huppé de
Virginie, 248.
Gobe-mouche moir à.
gorge pourpre de Cay-
enrie, 396.
Gobe-mouche olive de
Cayenne, 224.
Gobe-mouche Pie de
Cayenne, 35.
Gobe-mouc), erouge hupé,
211.
Gobe-mouche roux de
Cayenne, 343.
Gobe-mouche tacheté de
Cayenne, 185.
Gobe-mouche vert, 321,
godmani (Leptogon), 114,
116.
Gold-naped Wren, 128.
gossii (Tyrannula), 252.
gracilipes (Tyranniscus),
130, 133, 134.
gracilirostris (Myiar-
chus), 259.
gracilis (Elainea), 136.
gracilis (Empidonax),
Grade, Bare-necked,
402
granadense (Todiros-
trum), 82.
granadensis (Coracina),
398.
granadensis (Euscarth-
mus), 78, 82, 83.
granadensis (Myioze-
tetes), 159, 163, 164.
granadensis (Pyroderus),
397, 398.
granatina (Erythropitta),
430.
gramatina (Phoenico-
cichla), 430.
granatina (Pitta), 414,
429, 430, 431.
granatinus (Brachyurus),
430.
grandis (Myiozetetes),
162
grata (Elaimea), 148.
gratiosa (Ochthoeca), 19,
26.
gratiosus (Mecocerculus),
26
Great-billed Tody, 468.
griseus (Melittarchus),
272.
griseus (Pachyrhamphus),
341.
griseus (Tyrannus), 267,
271, 272, 273.
guaiana (Pitta), 446.
guajanus (Turdus), 446.
gualaquizae (Pogono-
triccus), 98, 99.
guatimalensis (Sauro-
phagus), 175.
Gubernetes, 40.
guiamensis (Myiozetetes),
160.
guianensis (Psaris), 328
guillemini (Muscipeta),
152.
Guira-yetapa, 39.
grisea (Muscisaxicola),
53, 55.
grisea (Serpophaga), 103.
griseiceps (Phyllomyias),
134.
griseiceps (Piprites), 283,
285.
griseiceps (Tyranniscus),
griseicollis (Muscicapa),
griseigularis (Attila),
358.
griseigularis (Empido-
max), 228.
griseigularis (Pachy-
rhamphus), 338,339.
griseimentalis (Rhym-
chocyclus), 166.
griseipectus (Empi-
donax), 222, 225.
griseocapilla (Phyllo-
myias), 121, 122, 123.
griseocapilla(Tyrannula),
22.
griseocularis (Elaimea),
58.
griseocularis (Sublega-
fus), 158.
griseogularis (Elainea),
42.
guira-yetapa (Alectru-
rus), 40.
guira-yetapa (Psalidura),
40.
gulare (Todirostrum), 81.
gularis (Euscarthmus),
78, 81, 82.
gularis (Muscicapa), 81.
gurneyi (Eucichla), 445,
448.
gurneyi (Pitta), 448.
sº (Iodopleura),
393.
guttatum (Todirostrum),
69, 71, 73.
gutturalis (Agriornis), 5.
gutturalis (Coropipo),
301.
gutturalis (Pepoaza), 6.
gutturalis (Pipra), 292,
293, 301.
gutturalis (Tyrannus), 4.
gutturosa (Chiroma-
chaeris), 312, 313, 314.
gutturosa (Pipra), 314.
gutturosus (Manacus),
314,
gymnocephala (Cora-
cima), 401.
Gymnocephalus, 395,
401.
gymnodera (Coracina),
402.
Gymnoderus, 395,402.
haasti (Acanthisitta),
453.
haasti (Xenicus), 453.
Habia dentudo, 407.
Habrura, 64, 96.
Hadrostomus, 327, 333.
Haematoderus, 395.
ALPEIABIETICAL INDEX.
481
hamatodes , , (Dasy-
cephala), 365.
hapmatodes (Muscicapa),
365.
hammondi (Empidonax),
222, 232.
hammondii (Tyrannula),
232
Hapalocerous, 64, 93.
Hapalura, 97.
hapalura (Muscicapa),
9
Heilicura, 311.
heimei (Pyrrhomyias),
202.
Heleornis, 413.
Helicura, 283, 311.
Heliochera, 372, 390.
helviventris (Hapalocer-
cus), 93.
hemichrysus
mitres), 188.
hemichrysus (Myiody-
mastes), 183, 188.
Hemipenthica, 10.
Hemipipo, 283.
Hemitriccus, 64, 91.
herbacea (Pipra), 299.
heterocerca (Cirrhopi-
pra), 289.
heterocerca (Pipra), 289.
Heterocercus, 317, 324.
Heteropelma, 317, 318.
Birundimea, 189, 195.
hirundinaceus (Platy-
rhynchus), 196.
hispaniolensis (Blacicus),
241, 242.
hispaniolensis
pus), 242.
hispaniolensis (Tyran-
mula), 242.
holerythrus (Lipaugus),
356, 357.
holochlora (Chloropipo),
286, 287.
(Hyper-
(Conto-
holospodia (Taenio-
ptera), 11, 14.
homochrous (Hadro-
stomus), 333, 334, 335.
homochrous(Pachyrham-
phus), 334.
horsfieldi (Eurylaimus),
463.
horsfieldi
chos), 463.
hudsoni (Cnipolegus), 42,
45, 46
(Platyrhyn-
, 46.
Hydrornis, 413, 414.
Hylocosmia, 382.
Hypermitres, 182.
WOL. XIV.
inormata (Muscicapa),
234.
inornata (Pitta), 434.
inornatus (Euscarthmus),
78, 84.
inormatus (Myiozetetes),
4.
inquisitor(Exetastes),331.
inquisitor (Lanius), 331.
inquisitor (Psaris), 331.
inºr (Tityra), 328,
331.
insolens (Agriornis), 4,
insularis (Platypsaris),
33.
intermedius (Pachyrham-
phus), 343.
intrepidus (Tyrannus),
267.
Iodopleura, 372, 390.
iracunda (Ceratopipra),
288.
iracunda (Pipra), 288.
irena (Brachyurus), 427.
irena (Pitta), 420, 427,
428
Iridipitta, 414, 444.
hypoglaucus (Oxyrham-
phus), 281, 282.
hypoleuca (Serpho-
phaga), 102, 104.
hypopyrrha (Ampelis),
354.
hypopyrrha (Aulia), 354.
hypohyrrha (Laniocera)
354
hypopyrrhus (Lipaugus),
354
hypopyrrhus (Ptilo-
chloris), 354.
hypospodia (Elaimea),
37, 144.
icterophrys (Fluvicola),
41.
icterophrys (Muscicapa),
41.
icterophrys (Myiozete-
tes), 162.
icterophrys (Sisopygis),
41.
icterophrys (Suiriri), 41.
icterophrys (Taenio-
ptera), 41.
Ictimiscus, 49.
igniceps (Heteropelma),
319, 322.
Ilicura, 311.
illigeri (Triccus), 71.
imberbe (Camptostoma),
I26
imberbe (Ornithion), 109,
125, 126, 127.
imberbe ridgwayi (Orni-
thion), 127.
immundus (Lipaugus),
356, 357.
impiger (Euscarthmus),
78, 84.
implacens (Elainea), 149.
improbus (Tyranniscus),
130, 133.
inca (Tyrannus), 266.
incanescens (Muscipeta),
127, 158.
incanescens (Myiopatis),
123, 126.
incanescens (Ornithion),
incanescens (Sublegatus),
15S
incompta (Elaimea), 136.
incompta (Muscicapa),
102.
inerme (Ormithion), 125,
inornata (Conopias), 173.
174.
iris (Brachyurus), 444.
iris (Pitta), 438, 444.
irritabilis (Myiarchus),
251.
irritabilis (Tyrannus),
248, 251.
irupero (Fluvicola), 14.
irupero (Hemipenthica),
14.
irupero (Pepoaza), 14.
irupero (Taenioptera), 10,
11, 13, 14.
irupero (Tyrannus), 13.
isabellae (Iodopleura),
392, 393, 394.
isidori (Philepitta), 410.
isidori (Pipra), 293, 298.
jala (Philepitta), 409,
410
jala (Phyllornis), 410.
jala (Turdus), 410.
jardinii (Psaris), 331.
Javan Tody, 463.
javanicus (Eurylaemus),
463.
jelskii (Ochthoeca), 22.
joazeiro (Muscicapa), 52.
jocosa (Muscicapa), 154.
jº (Pipreola), 377,
381.
juminensis (Muscisaxi-
cola), 53, 58.
2 K
482
ALPEIABETICAL INDEX.
kittlitzi (Pyrope), 15.
Knipolegus, 42.
kochi (Erythropitta),433.
kochi (Pitta), 433.
kreffti (Pitta), 428.
lafresnayi (Cnipolegus),
43.
lamellipennis (Ampelis),
389.
lamellipennis (Xipho-
lena), 387, 388, 389.
lanceolata (Chiroxiphia),
307, 309.
lanceolata (Pipra), 309.
Laniisoma, 317.
Laniocera, 354.
Laphyctes, 267.
laplacii (Iodopleura),393.
laplacii (Pipra), 393.
lateralis (Aulia), 354.
lateralis (Lipaugus), 354.
Lathria, 349, 350.
Lathriosoma, 354.
latirostris (Aulanax), 34.
latirostris (Blacicus), 241,
244
lº (Contopus),
latirostris (Euscarth-
mus), 78, 81.
latirostris (Hadrosto-
mus), 336.
latirostris (Myiobius),
244
latirostris (Pachyrham-
phus), 336.
latirostris (Platypsaris),
336. ypsaris)
latirostris (Sayornis), 34.
lawrencei (Muscicapa),
256,
Lawrencia, 189, 233.
lawrencii (Myiarchus),
247, 256, 257.
lawrencii nigricapillus
(Myiarchus), 257.
lawrencii olivascens
(Myiarchus), 257.
Legatus, 109, 155.
Legatus sp., 157.
legatus (Muscicapa), 155.
lembeyei (Muscicapa),
264.
lemniscatus
mus), 469
lenzi (Poecilotriccus), 76.
lº. (Todirostrum), 69,
(Eurylae-
Lepidothrix, 292.
Leptocercus, 93.
Leptopogon, 109, 114.
Leptopogon, sp. inc., 118.
Leptotriccus, 64, 99.
Lepturus, 93.
lessoni (Ochthoeca), 19,
Lessonia, 60.
leucocapilla (Pipra), 297.
leucocephala (Arundi-
nicola), 37.
leucocephala (Dixiphia),
37
leucocephala (Musci-
capa), 37.
leucocephala (Pipra), 37.
leucocephalus (Mio-
nectes), 37.
leucocilla (Muscipeta),
0.
leucocilla (Pipra), 292,
293, 297.
leucogaster (Corvus),
176. "
leucogaster (Pachy-
rhynchus), 341.
leucogaster (Tyrannus),
268
leucogonys (Tyranniscus),
130, 136.
leucometopa (Ochthoeca),
19, 21, 22.
leuconotus
50, 51.
leucomotus (Tityra), 334.
leucophrys (Fluvicola),
21. r
(Copurus),
leucophrys (Mecocercu-
lus), 27, 28, 30.
leucophrys (Muscicapa),
27
leucophrys (Muscica-
para), 27.
leucophrys (Ochthoeca),
19, 21, 27.
Leucopitta, 414, 417.
leºpter= (Perspicilla),
4
leucoptera (Pitta), 438.
leucopygia (Iodopleura),
392, 393.
leucorrhoa (Pipra), 293,
301.
leucoryphus (Platy-
rhynchus), 65
leucospodia (Elaimea),
137, 144.
leucotis (Tyrannus), 265.
leucura (Agriornis), 6.
leucura (Erator), 328.
leucura (Serpophaga), 29.
leucura (Tityra), 328.
Lichenops, 3, 48.
lictor (Lanius), 178.
lictor (Pitangus), 174, 178,
179
lictor (Saurophagus), 178.
limbatus (Euscarthmus),
linearis (Chiroxiphia),
307, 309.
linearis (Pipra), 309.
lineata (Pipra), 304.
linteata (Elaemea), 324,
325.
linteatus (Heterocercus),
324.
Lipaugus, 349, 356.
littoralis (Elainea), 31.
littoralis (Ochthornis),
31.
livida (Agriornis), 4, 5,
6.
livida (Dasycephala), 5.
livida (Pepoaza), 4.
lividus (Thamnophilus),
4
longicauda (Chiroxiphia),
311. -
longicauda (Muscicapa),
40
longicauda (Pipra), 310.
longipennis (Milvulus),
49
longipennis (Muscipipra),
49.
longipes
452.
longipes (Motacilla), 452,
longipes (Sylvia), 452.
longipes (Tyrannus), 49.
longipes (Xenicus), 450,
452
(Acanthisitta),
Long-legged Warbler,
452.
lophotes (Knipolegus),
43.
Lophotriccus, 64, 86.
lubomirskii (Pipreola),
377, 380.
lucaysiensis (Myiarchus),
261,262.
lucaysiensis (Tyrannula),
261.
ludoviciana (Muscicapa),
248.
ludovicianus (Tyrannus),
248
luggeri (Tyrannus), 164.
lugubris (Contopus), 234,
236
lugubris
(Coracopitta),
449.
ALPEIABIETICAL INDEX,
483
lugubris (Melampitta),
449.
lugubris (Ochthodiaeta),
17
lugubris (Pitta), 449.
lunatus (Eurylaimus),
460.
lunatus (Ptilochloris),
317.
lunatus (Serilophus), 460.
lunulatus (Serilophus),
460.
lunulatus (Turdus), 410.
luteiwentris (Elaenea),
164.
luteiventris (Myiodynas-
tes), 182, 183, 184.
luteiventris (Myiozetetes),
159, 264.
luteocephala (Muscicapa),
323.
Machaeropterus, 283,
303.
Machetornis, 3, 52.
macilvainii (Elainia), 150.
mackloti (Brachyurus),
437.
mackloti (Erythropitta),
437
mackloti (Pitta),413, 432,
436, 437.
macloviana (Muscisaxi-
cola), 53, 56.
macloviana (Ptyomura),
5
macloviana (Sylvia), 56.
macrorhyncha (Pitta),
438.
macrorhynchus (Cymbo
rhynchus), 454, 468,
470.
macrorhynchus (Todus),
468.
macrourus fasciatus (Tur-
dus), 420.
maculatum (Todiros-
trum), 69, 73, 74.
maculatus (Platyrhyn-
chus), 73.
maculatus (Todus), 73.
maculirostris (Muscisaxi-
cola), 54, 59, 60.
maculirostris (Ptyomura),
59.
madagascariensis (Cor-
vus), 420.
madagascarlensus aurea
(Merula),410.
madagascariensis aurea
(Turdus), 410.
mafoorana (Pitta), 438,
441
maforeana (Pitta), 441.
maforensis (Pitta), 441.
magister (Myiarchus),
250.
magnanimus (Tyrannus),
magnirostris (Empido-
nax), 262.
magnirostris (Melittar-
chus), 273.
magnirostris(Myiarchus),
247, 262
magnirostris (Myiobius),
magnirostris (Pitta), 427.
magnirostris (Tyrannus),
267, 273.
major (Bathmidurus),
346.
major (Pachyrhamphus),
338, 346, 347.
major (Psaris), 346.
major (Schiffornis), 322,
323,
malaccensis (Brachyurus),
420.
malaccensis (Coloburus),
420.
malaccensis (Cymbirhyn-
chus), 468.
malaccensis (Pitta), 420,
423, 439, 443.
malaccensis (Turdus),
423.
Manacus, 312.
manacus (Chiromachae
ris), 312, 313, 315.
manacus (Pipra), 313.
Mamakin a tête noire de
Cayenne, 313.
Mamakin cendré de Ca-
yenne, 341.
Manakin du Brésil, 313.
margaritaceiventer (Eu-
scarthmus), 78, 80.
margaritaceiventer (Todi-
rostrum), 80.
margaritaceiventris (Tric-
cus), 80.
marginata (Muscipeta),
347.
marginatus (Bathmidu-
rus), 347.
marginatus (Dicrurus),
49
marginat us (Myiozetetes),
160.
marginatus (Pachyrham-
phus), 346, 347.
marginatus (Pachyrhyn-
chus), 347.
marginatus (Rhynchocy-
clus), 168.
marginatus (Todus), 347.
marginatus major (Psa-
ris), 346.
marginatus tristis (Psa-
ris), 345.
maritima (Agriornis), 4,
maritima (Pepoaza), 6.
martinica (Elainea), 136,
141.
martinica (Muscicapa),
141
martinica (Tyrannula),
martinicama cristata
(Muscicapa), 141.
martinicensis (Blacicus),
24
1.
Masius, 283, 290.
masoni (Pyroderus), 397.
mathilda (Pitta), 426.
matutinus (Tyrannus),
27
maxima (Gigantipitta),
419.
maxima (Leucopitta),
419.
maxima (Pitta), 419.
maximiliani (Pitangus),
176, 177.
maximiliani (Sauropha-
gus), 176.
maximus (Brachyurus),
419.
maximus (Psaris), 329.
maymana (Ampelis), 386.
maynana (Cotinga), 382,
386.
Mecocerculus, 3, 27.
megacephala (Tyrannula),
megacephalus (Pachy-
rhynchus), 333.
megacephalus (Rhyncho-
cyclus), 170, 171.
mºphalus (Todus),
8
Megalophus, 191.
megarhyncha (Pitta),419,
421.
Megarhynchus, 189
megarhynchus (Brachyu-
rus), 421.
Megastoma, 189.
Melampitta, 449.
melancholicus (Laphyc-
tes), 274.
2 K 2
484
ALPEIABETICAL INDEX.
melancholicus (Tyran-
nus), 267, 273, 276.
melancholicus couchi (Ty-
rannus), 274.
melanocephala (Ampelis),
374.
melanocephala (Chiroxi-
phia), 309.
melanocephala (Citta),
438
melanocephala (Pipra),
melanocephala (Pitta),
442.
melanocephalus (Ampe-
lio), 374.
melanocephalus
lion), 373, 374.
melanocephalus (Carpor-
mis), 374.
melanocephalus (Pachy-
rhynchus), 328.
melanocephalus
nias), 374.
melanocephalus (Todus),
69
(Ampe-
(Proc-
melanocephalus (Triccus),
melanolaema (Euchloror-
mis), 378.
melanolaema (Pipreola),
376, 377, 378, 381.
melanoleucus (Bathmidu-
rus), 340.
Melanopitta, 414, 438.
melanotis (Vermivora),
88.
Melittarchus, 267.
meloryphus (Euscarth-
mus), 93.
meloryphus (Hapalocer-
cus), 93, 94.
meloxantha (Muscicapa),
69
mentalis (Muscisaxicola),
56.
mentalis (Pipra), 293,
295.
mentalis (Ptyomura), 56.
Merle de Bengale, 427.
Merle de la Guiane, 445.
Merle des Molugues, 420.
Merle des Philippines,
438.
Merle doré de Madagas-
car (Le), 410.
Merle vert des Moluques
(Le), 427.
merremii (Ampelis), 368.
MéSange huppée de Ca-
yenne, 128.
mesoleuca (Elainea), 137,
I53.
mesoleucus
235.
mesorhynchus (Rhyncho-
cyclus), 166.
Metopia, 283, 290.
Metopothrix, 283, 292.
mexicana (Elaemia), 162.
mexicana (Muscivora),
192, 193, 194.
mexicana (Tityra), 330.
mexicana (Tyrannula),
250.
(Contopus),
mexicanus (Megarhyn-
chus), 190.
mexicanus (Myiarchus),
247, 249, 250, 251,256,
260.
mexicamus (Myiobius),
00.
mexicanus (Myiomax),
249.
mexicanus (Psaris), 330.
mexicanus (Pyrocepha-
lus), 211, 213.
mexicanus (Scaphorhyn-
chus), 190.
mexicanus (Tyrannus),
279.
mexicanus magister (Myi-
archus), 250.
microptera (Agriornis), 5.
miles (Elaenea), 161.
miles (Muscicapa), 52.
militaris (Chiroxiphia),
311.
militaris (Coracias), 395.
militaris (Haematoderus),
395.
militaris (Heilicura), 311.
militaris (Helicura), 311.
militaris (Ilicura), 311.
militaris (Pipra), 311.
militaris (Querula), 395.
militaris (Threnoédus),
395.
Milvulus, 189,277.
minima (Habrura), 96.
minima (Hapalura), 96.
minima (Tityra), 96.
minima (Tyrannula), 227.
minimus (Empidonax),
222, 227.
minimus (Pachyram-
phus), 96.
minimus, var. pectoralis
(Empidomax), 227.
minor (Cnipodectes), 197.
minor (Hadrostomus),
333, 337.
minor (Leptopogon), 114,
115.
minor (Pachyrhamphus),
337
minor (Querula), 337.
minor (Schifformis), 323.
minor (Tyrannus), 251.
Miomectes, 109, 111.
mitratus (Lanius), 341.
mitratus (Pachyrham-
phus), 341.
Mitrephanes, 189, 218.
Mitrephorus, 218.
modesta (Elaimea), 142.
modesta (Euphone), 392.
modesta (Muscipeta),
153.
modesta (Tyrannula),
120.
moesta (Muscicapa), 14.
moesta (Tacnioptera), 14.
molina (Phytotoma),406.
moluccensis (Brachyu-
rus), 420.
moluccensis (Pitta), 414,
moluccensis (Turdus),
420.
monacha (Muscipeta), 50.
monachus (Milvulus),
277.
momachus (Tyrannus),
277.
montama (Agriornis), 4,6.
montana (Pepoaza), 6.
muelleri (Brachyurus),
439.
muelleri (Coloburis),439.
muelleri (Melanopitta),
439
muelieri (Pitta),438,439,
440.
multicolor (Todirostrum),
murina (Ochthoeca), 31.
murima (Pepoaza), 15.
murina (Pyropa), 15.
murina (Taenioptera), 10,
murinus (Platyrhynchus),
123
murimus (Sublegatus),
Muscigralla, 3, 63.
Muscipeta, 191.
Muscipipra, 3, 49.
Muscisaxicola, 3, 53.
Muscivora, 189, 191.
Myiacleptes, 173.
Myiarchus, 189,246.
Myiobius, 189, 198.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
485
Myiochanes, 189, 245.
Myiodynastes, 109, 182.
Myiopatis, 109, 123.
Myiophila, 35, 37.
Myiophobus, 198.
Myiosympotes, 93.
Myiotheretes, 3, 8.
Myiozeta, 159.
Myiozetetes, 109, 159.
Myothera, 413.
mystacea (Fluvicola), 36.
mystacea (Muscicapa),
36
*
niger (Hadrostomus),
333, 334
niger (Lanius), 334.
niger (Pachyrhamphus),
334, 337, 338, 343,
344
niger º (Pachyrhynchus),
343.
niger (Psaris), 344.
niger (Zetetes), 344.
migerrima (Ada), 43, 44.
migerrima (Brissonia),
410.
nigerrima (Fluvicola), 44.
migerrima (Muscicapa),
43.
ºrime (Sericoptila),
43.
nigerrimus (Cnipolegus),
42, 43, 45.
nigerrimus (Turdus), 410.
migra (Alauda), 61.
migra (Chrysopteryx),
373.
migra (Lessonia), 61.
nigra (Muscisaxicola), 61.
nigra (Platypsaris), 334.
migra (Tijuca), 373.
nigrescens (Myiochanes),
245, 246.
migrescens (Pachyrham-
phus), 334.
nigricans (Aulanax), 33.
nigricans (Euscarthmus),
nigricans (Muscicapa), 48.
nigricans (Myiarchus),
nigricans (Sayornis), 32,
* 3,
migricans (Serphophaga),
nigricans (Sylvia), 104.
nigricans (Tyrannula),33.
migricans, var. aquatica
(Sayormis), 33.
nigricapillus (Myiarchus),
247, 257.
y
nigriceps (Todirostrum),
nigriceps (Triccus), 72.
nigricollis (Phoenicercus),
368.
nigricollis (Phoenicocer-
cus), 367, 368.
migricollis (Pitta), 443.
migrifrons (Leptopogon),
115, 119.
nigrifrons (Muscisaxi-
cola), 53, 55.
migrigularis (Phoenicocer-
cus), 368.
nigrita (Ochthoeca), 19, 25.
nigriventris (Pachyrham-
phus), 344.
nipalensis (Brachyurus),
415.
nipalensis (Heleornis),
414.
(Hydrornis),
mystaceus (Entomopha-
gus), 36.
mystaceus (Platyrhyn-
chus), 65, 66, 67.
mystax (Muscicapa), 36.
maevia (Muscicapa), 209.
maevius (Myiobius), 198,
199, 208, 209, 210.
maevius (Myiophobus),
209.
maevius (Psaris), 328.
mana (Lawrencia), 233.
manus (Empidomax), 233.
mamus (Pyrocephalus),
211, 212, 214, 215.
masica (Erolla), 469.
nasutus (Cymbirhynchus),
468.
nasutus (Eurylaemus),
469
nasutus (Platyrhynchus),
468.
masutus (Todus), 468.
nationi (Myiobius), 204.
mattereri (Cotinga), 382,
385.
mattereri (Pipra), 293,
mattererii (Ampelis), 385.
mattererii (Psaris), 331.
nengeta (Fluvicola), 11.
nengeta (Lanius), 11.
mengeta (Muscicapa), 36.
mengeta (Taenioptera), 10,
11
mengeta (Xolmis), 11.
Nengetus, 10.
Neopelma, 317, 323.
Neopipo, 283, 303.
nepalensis (Gigantipitta),
415.
midipendulus (Euscarth-
mus), 78, 79.
niger (Bathmidurus),
344.
niger (Centrites), 60, 61,
62.
nigricans (Tachuris), 144. - -
migricapillus (Tyrannis-
cus), 130, 131.
nigricapillus (Tyrannu-
lus), 131.
nigriceps (Muscicapa),
338.
nigriceps (Muscipeta),
338.
nigriceps (Myiarchus),
247, 258, 259.
nigriceps (Pachyrham-
phus). 339.
cº-
mipalensis
415.
nipalensis (Paludicola),
414
nipalensis (Pitta), 413,
414, 415.
mitidus (Carpodectes),
389.
nivea (Ampelis), 403.
nivea (Muscicapa), 14.
nivea (Procnias), 403.
niveigularis (Tyrannus),
267, 270.
niveus (Chasmorhyn-
chus), 403.
nobilis (Myiodynastes),
182, 183, 185.
novae-guineae (Brachyu-
rus), 440.
novae-guineae (Melano-
pitta), 440.
novae-guineae (Pitta), 438,
, 441.
novae-guineae mafoorana
(Pitta), 441.
novae-hiberniae (Pitta),
437.
nuchalis (Cyclorhyn-
chus), 168.
nuchalis (Pitta), 415.
nuchalis (Platyrhynchus),
168
nuda (Gracula), 402.
nudicollis (Ampelis), 402,
404.
nudicollis (Chasmorhyn-
chus), 403, 404.
nudicollis (Corvus), 402.
nudicollis (Procnias), 404.
nudus (Corvus), 402.
486
ALPEIAIBETICAL INDEX.
numciola (Muscicapa),
264.
nunciola (Tyrannula),
4
Nuttallornis, 234.
muttingi (Myiarchus),
246, 250.
mympha (Brachyurus),
25
425.
nympha (Pitta),419, 420,
425.
oleaginea (Pipromorpha),
113.
oleagineus (Mionectes),
111, 112, 114.
oliva (Empidonax), 222,
224, 225.
oliva (Muscicapa), 224.
olivacea (Elainea), 152.
olivacea (Muscicapa), 121,
134, 152.
olivacea (Oncostoma), 77.
olivaceum (Oncostoma),
76, 77.
olivaceum (Todirostrum),
olivaceus (Cyclorhyn-
chus), 165.
olivaceus (Leptopogon),
122.
olivaceus
111, 112.
olivaceus (Platyrhyn-
chus), 165.
olivaceus (Rhynchocy-
clus), 165, 166, 167.
olivaceus (Todus), 165.
olivina (Elaimea), 137,
(Mionectes),
146, 147.
olivus (Empidochanes),
216, 217, 225.
omnicolor (Cyanotis),
110.
omnicolor (Regulus), 110.
omnicolor (Tachuris),
110.
Oncostoma, 64, 76.
Onychorhynchus, 191.
opalizams (Pipra), 292.
ophthalmicus (Pogono-
triccus), 98.
orbitalis (Capsiempis),
120, 121.
orbitatum (Todirostrum),
9
orbitatus (Euscarthmus),
78, 79, 83.
orbitatus (Triccus), 79.
Orchilus, 64, 88.
oreas (Brachyurus), 425.
oreas (Centrites), 61, 62.
oreas (Pitta), 425.
orenocensis (Cnipolegus),
y
ornatus (Myiobius), 198,
204, 205.
Ornithion, 109, 125.
oustaleti (Leptopogon),
115, 118.
Oxyrhamphus, 280.
Oxyrhynchus, 280.
oxyura (Pipra), 312.
Pachyrhamphus, 327,337.
Pachyrhamphus sp., 342.
Pachyrhynchus, 337.
pagana (Elaimea), 136,
137, 139, 140, 14i.
pagama (Muscicapa), 137.
paganus (Platyrhynchus),
137.
Paictes, 409.
pallatangae
137, 146.
pallescens (Mitrephorus),
223
(Elaimea),
palliceps (Pitta), 436.
pallida (Sayornis), 31, 32.
pallida (Tyrannula), 32.
pallidus (Blacicus), 241,
243
pallidus (Contopus), 243.
pallidus (Myiobius), 243.
palpebrosum (Todiros-
trum), 79.
Paludicola, 413.
pamamensis (Myiarchus),
253
pareola (Chiroprion),308.
pareola (Chiroxiphia),
307, 308.
pareola (Pipra), 307, 309.
pareolides (Pipra), 309.
parimus (Psaris), 341.
pº (Serphophaga),
O
paris (Anaeretes), 106,
107, 108
y e
oatesi (Hydrornis), 416.
oatesi (Pitta), 414, 416.
oberi (Myiarchus), 251.
obscura (Elainea), 137,
152.
obscura (Muscipeta), 152.
obscura (Tyranmula),
232.
obscura rustica (Elaimea),
152
obscurata (Muscicapa),
104
obscurus (Empidomax),
222, 227, 232.
obscurus (Pyrocephalus),
211, 215.
obsoleta (Elaimea), 128.
obsoleta (Muscicapa),
127.
obsoleta (Muscicapara),
127, 128.
obsoleta (Myiopatis),
128
obsoletum (Ornithion),
125, 127, 128.
occidentalis (Muscivora),
192, 194.
ochraceiventris (Mitre-
phanes), 219, 220.
ochraceiventris (Mitre-
phorus), 220.
ochraceus (Contopus),
234, 237.
ochromelas (Eurylaemus),
463,465.
ochromelas(Eurylaimus),
465.
Ochthites, 63.
Ochthodiaeta, 3, 16.
Ochthoeca, 3, 16, 18.
Ochthornis, 3, 31.
ocularis (Euscarthmus),
onanthoides (Fluvicola),
•)
onanthoides (Ochthoeca),
18, 19, 20.
oleaginea (Muscicapa),
112.
orenocensis (Coracina),
398
orenocensis (Pyroderus),
397, 398.
ormata (Coracina), 399.
ornata (Tyrannula), 204.
ornatus (Cephalopterus),
398, 399, 400.
parulus (Culicivora), 106.
parulus (Euscarthmus),
106. ^,
parulus (Muscicapa), 106.
parulus aequatorialis
(Anaeretes), 106.
parvirostris(Elaimea),142.
parvirostris (Myiobius),
05.
parvirostris (Pyrocepha-
lus), 212, 213.
parvirostris (Serpho-
phaga), 101, 102, 105.
pººr. (Tyrannula),
parvus (Pitangus), 175,
179.
ALPHABETICAL INDEX.
487
parvus(Tyranniscus),130,
132.
pectorale (Todirostrum),
pectoralis (Empidonax),
227.
pectoralis (Euscarth-
mus), 96.
pectoralis (Habrura), 96.
pectoralis (Hapalocer-
cus), 96.
pectoralis (Pachyrham-
phus), 337.
pectoralis (Pachyrhyn-
chus), 337.
pectoralis (Psaris), 337.
pectoralis (Serpophaga),
96.
pectoralis (Sylvia), 96.
pelzelmi (Euscarthmus),
78, 80.
pelzelmi (Myiarchus), 247,
255
pelzelmi (Pseudotriccus),
85
penduliger (Cephalo-
pterus), 399, 400.
Pepoaza, 10, 11.
Pepoaza coronada, 12.
Pepoaza dominica, 13.
Pepoaza irupero, 13.
pepoaza (Tyrannus), 11.
Pepoaza vientre roxiso, 8.
personata (Tityra), 330.
Perspicilla, 48.
perspicillata (Ada), 48.
perspicillata (Lichenops),
48
vºlute (Motacilla),
48.
perspicillata (GEmanthe),
48
perspicillata (Pipra), 301.
pertinax (Contopus), 234,
235, 236
pertinax (Myiarchus),
249.
pertimax, var. lugubris
(Contopus), 236.
peruana (Rupicola), 370.
peruviana (Pipra), 370.
peruviana (Rupicola),
369, 370, 371.
peruviana (Tyrannula),
peruvianus (Leptopogon),
117
peruvianus (Rhynchocy-
clus), 165, 169.
peruvianus aequatorialis
(Rhynchocyclus), 169.
phaeocephalus (Myiar-
chus), 247, 255, 256.
phaeocercus (Mitre-
phanes), 218, 219, 220.
phaeocercus (Mitrepho-
rus), 219.
phaeonotus (Myiarchus),
247, 255.
phayrii (Anthocincla),
412, 413
Phibalura, 371, 372.
Philepitta, 409.
philippensis (Corvus),
438.
philippensis (Pitta), 438.
phoebe (Muscicapa), 261,
264
phoebe (Myiarchus), 261.
phoebe (Sayornis), 264.
phoebe (Tyrannus), 261.
Phoenicercus, 367.
Bhoenicocercus, 366, 367.
Phoenicocichla, 414, 429.
phoenicomitra (Myio-
bius), 199, 206.
phoenicura (Tyrannula),
205.
phoenicurus (Attila), 358.
phoenicurus (Myiobius),
199, 205.
Phoneutria, 195.
phygas (Porphyrolaema),
386.
Phyllomyias, 109, 121.
Phylloscartes, 64, 92.
Phytotoma, 406.
pica (Fluvicola), 35, 36.
pica (Muscicapa), 35.
picatum (Todirostrum),
69, 74, 75.
pilaris (Colopterus), 90.
pileata (Pipra), 284.
pileatus (Contopus), 234.
pileatus (Euscarthmus),
pitangua (Megarhyn-
chus), 189, 190.
pitangua (Muscicapa),
176, 190.
pitangua (Scaphorhyn-
chus), 190.
pitangua (Tyrannus), 189.
pitangua chrysogaster
(Megarhynchus), 190.
pitangula (Muscicapa),
173.
Pitangus, 109, 174.
Pitta, 411, 412, 413, 414,
419.
placens (Elainea), 137,
148, 149, 150, 151.
platurus (Platyrhynchus),
50
Platypsaris, 333.
platyrhyncha (Phyllo-
myias), 158, 159.
Platyrhynchos, 463.
Plººyºo. (Todus),
468
Platyrhynchus, 64, 189,
198
platyrh ynchus (Myiar-
chus), 244, 257.
platyrhynchus (Suble-
gatus), 158.
platyrhynchus (Todus),
65
plebeius (Contopus), 234.
plumbea (Lathria), 350,
35l.
plumbea (Muscicapa),
50.
plumbeiceps (Pogonotric-
cus), 98, 99.
plumbeiceps
trum), 81.
plumbeiceps (Tyrannis-
cus), 99.
plumbeum
trum), 70.
plumbeus (Lipaugus),
350, 352.
plumosa (Pipra), 286.
(Todiros-
pileatus (Leptopogon),
115, 116, 117.
pileatus (Orchilus), 87.
pileatus (Piprites), 283,
2S4
pipiri (Tyrannus), 267.
Pipra, 283, 292.
Pipra sp., 302.
pipra (Iodopleura), 326,
392, 393.
pipra (Pardalotus), 392.
Pipreola, 372, 376,
Piprites, 283.
Pipromorpha, 111.
Pitador, 181.
pitangua (Lanius), 189.
(Todiros-
plumulosus (Regulus),
106.
poecilocerca (Serpo-
phaga), 29.
poecilocercus (Empido-
chanes), 216.
poecilocercus (Mecocer-
culus), 27, 29.
poecilonotus (Copurus),
51.
poecilotis (Leptopogon),
114, 116.
Poecilotriccus, 69.
488
ALPIIABETICAL INDEX.
poecilurus (Empido-
chames), 216, 217, 218.
Pogonotriccus, 64, 97.
poliocephalum (Todi-
rostrum), 69, 71.
poliocephalus (Lepto-
pogon), 115.
poliocephalus
tes), 111.
poliocephalus (Rhyncho-
cyclus), 165, 171.
pºpular (Todus),
l
(Miomec-
poliocephalus (Triccus),
1.
poliogastra (Ochthoeca),
19, 24.
poliomota (Ochthoeca),
3.
pollems (Agriornis), 2,
4, 7
polychropterus (Pachy-
rhamphus), 338, 345.
polychropterus (Platy-
rhynchus), 345.
polychropterus (Zetetes),
345.
polyglotta (Muscicapa),
11.
olyglotta (Pepoaza), 11.
;: (Ampelis),
387
pompadora (Cotinga),
387.
pompadora (Xipholema),
387, 388.
porphyrobroncha (Mus-
cicapa), 396.
Porphyrolaema, 382.
porphyrolaema (Cotinga),
382, 386.
propinqua (Pitta), 433.
propinquus(Brachyurus),
433.
Psalidura, 38.
psalura (Muscicapa), 40.
psalura (Yetapa), 40.
psalurus (Alectrurus), 40.
Psaris, 328.
Psarisomus, 458.
pseudogillia (Platyrhyn-
chus), 36.
Pseudotriccus, 64, 85.
psittacinus (Eurylaimus),
459.
psittacinus (Psarisomus),
59
O's).
Ptilochloris, 316, 317.
Ptionura, 53.
pudica (Elainea), 145,
146.
pulchella (Ochthoeca), 19,
22.
pulchellum (Todiros-
trum), 69, 72.
pulcher (Myiobius), 199,
207, 208. .
pulih (Pitta), 422.
pullata (Muscicapa), 49.
punctata (Acanthisitta),
451.
punctata (Sitta), 451.
punensis (Contopus), 240.
purpurea (Ampelis), 388.
purpurea (Cotinga), 388.
purpurea (Querula), 395.
pº (Xipholema),
Purpureipitta, 414.
pusilla (Myiopatis), 126,
133.
pusilla (Tyrannula), 225.
pusillum (Eupsilostoma),
pusilium (Ornithion),
125, 126, 127.
pusillus (Cnipolegus), 43,
47
pusillus (Empidonax),
221, 222, 225, 226,
227.
pusillus (Platyrhynchus),
225.
pusillus (Saurophagus),
178.
pusillus, var. traillii
(Empidomax), 226.
pusio (Muscicapa), 122.
Bye, Short-tailed, 423.
Pyrrhorhynchus, 376.
Pythis, 292.
Querula, 395, 396.
querula (Muscicapa), 228,
238.
raſſlesi (Eurylaemus), 465.
rafilesia (Calyptomema),
456.
raimondii
406, 408.
Ramphotrigon, 165.
rapax (Muscicapa), 238.
º, (Phytotoma), 406,
408.
Raya, 458.
regia (Muscipeta), 192.
regia (Muscivora), 191,
192, 193
(Phytotoma),
regima (Chiroxiphia),
307, 308.
regina (Pipra), 308.
regius (Megalophus), 192.
regius (Megarhynchus),
185.
regius (Platyrhynchus),
192.
regius (Todus), 192.
reguloides (Culicivora),
107.
reguloides
mus), 108.
regulus (Machaeropterus),
303, 304, 305.
regulus (Pipra), 304.
remigialis (Ptilochloris),
Tey (El), 110.
Rhymcocyclus, 109, 165.
(Euscarth-
pygmaeus (Empidonax),
223
pyrocephala (Pipra), 305.
Pyrocephalus, 189, 211.
pyrocephalus (Machae-
ropterus), 304, 305.
Pyroderus, 395, 397.
Pyrope, 10.
pyrope (Muscicapa), 15.
pyrope (Pepoaza), 15.
pyrope (Taenioptera), 10,
11, 15.
pyrope (Xolmis), 15.
Pyrorhynchus, 376.
Pyrrhomyias, 198.
Pºpº (Tyrannus),
196,
pyrrhops (Euscarthmus),
78, 83.
pyrrhoptera (Tyrannula),
202.
pyrrhopterus (Myiobius),
202.
Rhytipterma, 356.
richardsoni (Contopus),
234, 239,
richardsoni (Tyrannula),
239.
ridgwayi (Cotinga), 382,
384.
ridgwayi (Empidomax),
222, 227.
ridleyana (Elainea), 136,
139.
riefferi (Ampelis), 377.
riefferi (Euchlorormis),
377.
riefferi (Pipreola), 376,
377, 378.
riefferi (Pyrrhorhynchus),
377.
riefferii (Euchlormis), 377.
riisii (Elaimea), 141.
risoria (Muscicapa), 39.
ALPEIABIETICAL INDEX.
489
rubrifrons (Pipra), 312.
rubrigastra (Tachuris),
110.
rubrinucha (Brachyurus),
435.
(Erythro-
ruficeps (Elainea), 137,
152.
ruficeps (Fluvicola),86.
ruficeps (Hapalocercus),
93.
ruficeps (Leptocercus),
93.
ruficeps (Lepturus), 93.
ruficeps (Megastoma),
190.
ruficeps (Muscicapa), 86.
ruficeps (Pachyrhyn-
chus), 343.
ruficeps (Serpophaga),
86.
ruficeps (Todirostrum),
69, 75, 76, 86.
ruficeps (Tyrannula), 86.
rufigene (Todirostrum),
69, 76.
ruſigenis (Poecilotriccus),
rufigularis (Attila), 358.
rufigularis (Euscarth-
mus), 78, 82.
rufilatum (Todirostrum),
81.
rufimarginata (Och-
thosca), 19, 25.
rufina (Muscicapa), 265.
rufinus (Tyrannus), 265.
rufipectoralis (Fluvicola),
23
rufipectoralis (Ochthoeca),
9, 23.
rufipectus (Leptopogon),
114.
rufipectus (Tyrannula),
23.
rufipennis (Muscisaxi-
cola), 54, 60.
rufipennis (Myiozetetes),
160.
rufipennis (Pitangus),
175, 176.
rufipennis (Saurophagus),
175.
rufipes (Euscarthmus),
8
rufiventris (Brachyurus),
4.
rufiventris
(Coloburis),
rufiventris(Dasycephala),
8
risorius (Alectrurus), 38,
rixosa (Machetornis), 52.
rixosa (Peppaza), 52.
rixosus (Saurophagus),
rixosus (Tyrannus), 52.
rodogaster (Pitta), 443.
Roitelet Mésange (Le),
I28.
roraimae (Myiobius), 199,
208.
roseicollis (Pachyrham-
phus), 337.
roseicollis (Psaris), 337.
*g (Pitta), 438,
1.
rostratus (Platyrhyn-
chus), 64, 65.
rostratus (Todus), 65.
rostratus (Tyrannus),
67, 273.
rubetra (Muscisaxicola),
16.
rubetra (Taenioptera), 11,
16.
rubicunda (Neopipo),
303.
rubicundus (Empidonax),
rubigastra (Sylvia), 110.
rubimeus (Pyrocephalus),
211, 213, 215.
rubineus coronatus (Pyro-
cephalus), 212.
rubineus mexicanus (Py-
rocephalus), 213.
rubimeus obscurus (Py-
rocephalus), 215.
rubimeus, var. mexicanus
(Pyrocephalus), 213.
rubinus (Muscicapa), 211.
rubra (Casiornis), 365.
rubra (Dasycephala),
365,
rubra (Muscicapa), 365.
rubra (Querula), 395.
rubricapilla (Dixiphia),
295.
rubricapilla (Musci-
saxicola), 53, 57, 58.
rubricapilla (Pipra), 293,
295
rubricollis (Coracina),
396, 397.
rubricollis (Muscicapa),
396.
rubricollis (Querula),
396.
rubricollis (Threnoëdus),
396, 397.
rubrinucha
pitta), 435.
rubrinucha (Pitta), 432,
435.
rubrocapillus (Manacus),
295.
rubrocristata (Ampelis),
390.
rubrocristata (Carpornis),
rubrocristata (Helio-
chera), 390.
rubrocristatus (Ampe-
lion), 390.
rubropygia (Raya), 461.
rubropygius (Eurylai-
mus), 461.
rubropygius (Serilophus),
460, 461.
rufa (Alauda), 61.
rufa (Muscicapa), 343.
rufa (Schiffornis), 323.
rufa (Tityra), 333.
rufaxilla (Ampelion),391.
rufaxilla (Ampelis), 391.
rufaxilla (Heliochera),
390, 391.
rufescens (Aulia), 354,
55.
rufescens (Lipaugus),
355.
rufescens (Muscicapa),
343.
rufescens (Myiobius),
198, 204
rufescens (Pachyrham-
phus), 343.
rufescens (Pachyrhyn-
chus), 343.
rufescens (Tyrannus),362.
ruficapilla (Muscicapa),
46
ruficauda (Cyclorhyn-
chus), 172.
ruficauda (Muscipeta),
ruficauda (Platyrhyn-
chus), 172.
ruficauda (Rampho-
trigon), 172.
ruficauda (Rhyncho-
cyclus), 165, 172.
ruficeps (Caenotriccus),
86.
rººp. (Conopophaga),
rufiventris (Erythro-
pitta), 434.
rufiventris (Mionectes),
Ill, ll:4.
*i. (Muscicapa),
490
ALPEIABETICAL INDEX.
rufiventris (Myiarchus),
rufiventris (Myiothe-
retes), 8.
(Pitta), 432,
Sanghirana (Pitta), 438,
440.
Sanguinaria (Laniocera),
354.
Sanguinicollis (Ampelis),
397
sanguinolenta (Rupicola),
369, 370, 371.
Sarcophanops, 458, 462.
satelles (Muscicapa), 269.
Satellus, 267.
satrapa (Laphyctes), 274.
satrapa (Muscicapa), 274.
satrapa (Tyrannus), 274.
Saturata (Rupicola), 371.
saturatus (Platyrhyn-
chus), 64, 66.
Saui-jala (Le), 410.
saui-jala (Turdus), 410.
Saurophagus, 174.
savana (Muscicapa), 277.
savana (Tyrannus), 277.
saya (Muscicapa), 32.
saya (Ochtboeca), 32.
saya (Sayormis), 32.
Saya (Tyrannula), 32.
sayi (Sayiornis), 32.
Sayornis, 3, 32.
sayus (Aulamax), 32.
Scaphorhynchus, 189.
Schiffornis, 317, 322.
schistaceiceps (Todiros-
trum), 69, 74.
schlegeli (Philepitta),
409, 410, 411.
schottii (Contopus), 240.
schwaneri (Eucichla),
445,446.
schwaneri (Pitta), 446.
Sclateri (Attila), 359,
361, 362.
sclateri (Doliornis), 390.
Sclateri (Euchlormis),
sclateri (Hirundinea),
95
solateri (Myiarchus), 246.
sclateri (Ornithion), 127.
Sclateri (Pipreola), 376,
379,
* (Muscicapa),
semifasciata (Tityra),
328, 330.
semifasciatus (Pachy-
rhynchus), 330.
semifasciatus (Psaris),
330
semifiava (Elainea), 120,
136.
semiflavus (Tyrannulus),
128, 129, 130.
semifusca (Myiopatis),
123.
semifusca (Phyllomyias),
123, 158.
Semipagana (Elainea),
137, 138, 139.
semirufus (Myiarchus),
247, 263
Semex (Euscarthmus), 78.
semex ºw)
serena (Pipra), 292, 293,
300,
sericea (Philepitta), 410.
sericeogula (Raya), 458.
sericeogula (Simornis),
458
Sericoptila, 42.
Serilophus, 458, 460.
Serphophaga, 64, 101.
º (Oxyrhynchus),
setophagoides (Mecocer-
culus), 27.
Setophagoides (Myiar-
chus), 27.
Setophagoides (Ochthoe-
ca), 27.
Setophagoides (Tyran-
nula), 27.
Short-tailed Pye,423.
sibilans (Muscicapa), 181.
º (Myiarchus),
8l.
sibilans (Tyrannula),
|81.
sibilator (Muscicapa),
181,
sibilator (Sirystes), 181,
182.
sibilatrix (Lipaugus),
54.
sibilatrix (Muscicapa),
354.
signatum (Todirostrum),
rufiventris
434, 435.
rufiventris (Taenioptera),
rufiventris (Tyr annus), 8,
9
rufivertex (Muscisaxi-
cola), 53, 54, 58.
rufivertex (Ptyomura), 58.
rufocristata (Ampelis),
390.
rufocristatus (Ampelion),
390.
rufogularis (Ada), 43.
rufomarginatus (Hapalo-
cercus), 93.
rufomarginatus (Myi-
archus), 256.
rufo-olivaceum (Hetero-
pelma), 319. *
rufo-olivaceus (Ptilo-
chloris), 319.
rufula (Tyrannula), 365.
rufum (Heteropelma),
323
rufus (Attila), 363.
rufus (Centrites), 61.
rufus (Centrophanes), 61.
rufus (Pachyrhamphus),
338, 343.
rupestris (Hirundinea),
rupestris (Muscicapa),
196,
rupestris (Platyrhyn-
chus), 196.
Rupicola, 366, 369.
rupicola (Pipra), 369,
370
russatus (Euscarthmus),
78, 82.
rustica (Elainea), 152.
rustica (Muscicapa), 356.
rusticus (Myiarchus), 356.
rutila (Phytotoma), 406,
407.
sagrae (Muscicapa), 261.
sagrae (Myiarchus), 247,
261.
salvini (Empidochanes),
216, 218,
salvini (Empidonax), 222,
231, 232.
salvini (Ochthoeca), 19,
25.
sclateri (Todirostrum),
69, 70, 71.
sclateri (Triccus), 71.
scutata (Coracias), 397,
scutata (Coracina), 397.
scutatus (Pyroderus),
326, 397, 398.
scutatus granadensis (Py-
roderus), 398.
selbii (Psaris), 331.
69, 74.
signatus (Ochthodiaeta),
17.
ALPEIABETICAL INDEX.
491
silens (Phytotoma), 406.
similis (Muscicapa), 161.
similis (Myiozetetes),
159, 161, 162.
similis (Tyrannula), 161.
simillima (Pitta), 428,
429.
Simornis, 458.
simplex (Lipaugus), 356,
357.
simplex
356.
simplex(Pachyrhynchus),
341.
(Muscicapa),
Simus, 458.
Sirystes, 109, 181.
Sisopygis, 3, 41.
solitaria (Agriormis), 4, 7.
solitarius (Myiodynastes),
182, 185.
solitarius (Tyrannus),
5. ty
sordida (Melanopitta),
438.
sordida (Pitta), 438.
sordidulus (Contopus),
239.
sordidus (Brachyurus),
438,439.
sordidus (Turdus), 438.
soror (Hydrornis), 415.
soror (Pitta), 414,415.
spadicea (Muscicapa),
spadiceus (Attila), 358,
359, 362.
spectabilis (Elaimea), 136.
spectabilis (Muscicapa),
279.
ºrger (Euscarthmus),
spicifer (Lophotriccus),
86, 87.
spiciferum
trum), 87.
spixii (Pachyrhynchus),
345.
(Todiros-
splendens (Muscipeta),
345.
spodiostethus (Attila),
359, 360.
spodiurus (Pachyrham-
phus), 337, 341.
squamata (Muscicapa),
317.
squamata (Ptilochloris),
squamatus (Pachyrham-
phus), 339.
squanmicristatum (Todi-
rostrum), 87.
squamicristatus
scarthmus), 87.
squamicristatus (Lopho-
triccus), 86, 87.
steerii (Brachyurus),442.
steerii (Cyanopitta), 442.
steerii (Eurylaemus),
462.
steerii (Melanopitta),
442.
(Eu-
steerii (Pitta), 414, 438,
442.
steerii (Sarcophanops),
462.
stellatus (Myiobius), 198,
204.
stenorhynchum (Hetero-
pelma), 318, 320.
stenura (Culicivora), 97.
stenura (Hapalura), 97.
stenura (Muscicapa), 97.
stictoptera (Elainia), 28.
stictoptera (Ochthoeca),
28.
stictopterus (Mecocer-
culus), 27, 28.
Stigmatura, 64, 100.
stokesii (Xenicus), 452.
stolida (Tyrannula), 260.
stolida, war. domimicensis
(Myiarchus), 260.
stolida, war. lucaysiensis
(Tyrannula), 261,
stolidus (Myiarchus),
246, 247, 260, 261.
stolidus (Myiobius), 260,
stolidus, war. antillarum
(Myiarchus), 262.
stolidus, var. leucaysien-
sis (Myiarchus), 261.
stolidus, var. phoebe
(Myiarchus), 261.
stolidus, var. stolidus
(Myiarchus), 260.
straminea (Muscicapa),
102.
strenua (Erythropitta),
437,
strenua (Pitta), 437.
strenuus (Thamnophilus),
364.
strepera (Elaimea), 136,
i.
strepitans (Brachyurus),
28.
strepitans
428.
strepitans (Pitta), 414,
20, 428.
(Coloburis),
strepitans, war. simillima.
(Pitta), 428.
streptophora (Lathria),
349, 350, 352.
striata (Agriornis), 4, 5.
striaticeps (Muscisaxi-
cola), 53.
striaticolle (Todiros-
trum), 83.
striaticollis (Euscarth-
mus), 78, 79, 83.
striaticollis (Mionectes),
111, 112.
striaticollis (Muscicapa),
111
striaticollis (Muscica-
para), 111.
striaticollis (Myiothe-
retes), 8, 9.
striaticollis (Taenioptera),
strigatus (Psaris), 333.
strigilata(Muscipeta),212.
strigilata (Pipra), 304.
strigilatus (Machaero-
pterus), 304.
strigulatus (Pyrocepha-
lus), 212.
striolata (Pipra), 304.
striolatus (Machaeropte-
rus), 304.
suavissima (Pipra), 293,
300
subalaris (Lathria), 350,
353.
subalaris (Lipaugus), 353.
subbrunneus (Cnipodec-
tes), 197, 198.
subbrunneus (Cyclorhyn-
chus), 197.
subbrummeus (Myio-
chanes), 197.
subcristata (Helinaea),
102.
subcristata (Muscica-
para), 102.
subcristata (Serpho-
phaga), 101, 102, 103.
subcristata (Sylvia), 102.
subflava (Serphophaga),
102, 105.
Sublegatus, 109, 157.
subochraceus (Myiobius),
199, 208.
subpagana (Elaimea), 137,
138.
subplacens
137, 149.
subviridis (Phyllomyias),
122.
(Elaimea),
Suiriri, 52, 154.
Suiriri cabeza y rabadilla
de canela, 46.
492
ALPEIABETICAL INDEX.
Suiriri chorreado, 48.
Suiriri chorreado debaxo,
265.
Suiriri chorreado sin
roxo, 155.
suiriri (Empidagra), 154.
suiriri (Fluvicola), 154.
Suiriri guazu, 273.
suiriri (Muscicapa), 154.
Suiriri negro pico celeste,
46
Suiriri obscuro y ama-
rillo, 41.
Suiriri ordinaria, 154.
Suiriri pardo y roxo, 251.
Suiriri roxo, 365.
Suiriri roxo obscuro, 196.
suiriri (Suiriri), 154.
suiriri (Taenioptera), 154.
sulphuratus(Lanius),176.
sulphuratus (Megarhyn-
chus), 176,
sulphºtº
2, 174, 176.
sulphuratus (Sauropha-
gus), 175, 176, 177.
sulphuratus (Scapho-
rhymebus), 190.
sulphuratus (Tyrannus),
175, 176, 177.
sulphuratus maximiliani
(Pitangus), 178.
sulphurea (Muscicapa),
164.
(Psaris),
(Pitangus),
sulphureicollis
0
sulphureipygia (Tyran-
nula), 200.
sulphureipygius (Myio-
bius), 198.
sulphurescens (Platy-
rhynchus), 168.
sulphurescens (Rhyncho-
cyclus), 165, 168, 169,
170.
sulphureus (Myiozetetes),
159, 164.
Sumatramus (Coracias),
466.
Sumatranus (Corydon),
466,467.
Sumatramus (Eurylae-
mus), 467.
Sumatranus (Eurylai-
mus), 467.
superba (Ampelis), 383.
superba (Pipra), 307.
superbus (Manacus), 307.
superciliaris (Citta), 423.
superciliaris (Euscarth-
mus), 96.
superciliaris (Leptopo-
gom), 114, 115, T16.
Superciliaris (Leptotric-
cus), 99, 100.
superciliaris (Myiobius),
206.
superciliaris (Myiodynas-
tes), 1
superciliaris (Platyrhyn-
º 65, 68. yrnyn
superciliaris (Todiros-
trum), 74.
Superciliaris transandea-
mus (Leptopogon), 115.
superciliosa (Ochthoeca),
18, 19.
superciliosa (Tyrannula),
173.
superciliosus (Conopias),
I73.
superciliosus (Myiobius),
199, 206.
superciliosus (Tyrannus),
162.
surinama (Muscicapa),
340.
surinama (Tityra), 340.
surinamus (Pachyrham-
phus), 338, 340.
surinamus (Psaris), 340.
surinamus (Zetetes), 340.
swºoni (Muscivora),
92.
Swainsoni (Myiarchus),
253.
Swaimsonii (Pachyrhyn-
chus), 347.
Sylviola(Leptotriccus),99.
Sylviola (Muscicapa), 99,
100
00.
Syrichta, 234.
Tachuri pardo vientre de
perla, 80.
Tachuri pecho amarillo,
96.
Tachuri vientre amarillo,
94.
Tachuris, 109.
taczanowskii (Elainea),
137, 144,
Taenioptera, 3, 10.
taenioptera (Muscicapa),
Tammolanius, 4.
taylori (Pitangus), 175,
180.
taylori (Tyrannus), 180.
Teleonema, 289.
temmincki (Corydon),
67.
tenuirostris (Acanthi-
sitta), 451.
tenuirostris (Acanthiza),
451.
texensis (Elaenia), 162.
texensis (Muscicapa), 162.
texemsis (Myiozetetes),
159, 162.
texensis columbiamus
(Myiozetetes), 162.
thamnophiloides (Attila),
359, 364, 365.
thamnophiloides (Dasy-
cephala), 364.
thamnophiloides (Musci-
capa), 364.
thamnophiloides (Tyran-
nus), 365.
Theromyias, 32.
thoracica (Ochthoeca), 19,
25.
Threnoëdus, 396.
Thrush, Black-cheeked,
410.
Tijuca, 371, 373.
tiriri (Tyrannus), 272.
Tityra, 327, 328.
tityroides (Psaris), 330.
Todirostrum, 64, 69.
Todus, 191.
Tody, Great-billed, 468.
Tody, Javan, 463.
torridus (Attila),359,365.
trailli (Empidomax), 222,
226, 227.
trailli (Tyrannula), 217.
traillii (Muscicapa), 226.
traillii, var. pusillus (Em-
pidomax), 226.
tricarunculatus (Chasmo-
rhynchus), 403, 405.
Triccus, 69.
tricolor (Alectrurus), 38,
39.
tricolor (Gallita), 39.
tricolor (Myiarchus),
247, 259.
triostegus (Pitta), 423.
triostegus (Turdus), 423.
tristis (Blacicus), 244.
tristis (Leptopogon), 115,
118.
tristis (Myiarchus), 244.
tristis (Myiobius), 244.
tristis (Psaris), 345.
tristis, war. lawrencii
(Myiarchus), 256.
tristis, var. migricapillus
(Myiarchus), 257.
tristis, var. migriceps
(Myiarchus), 258.
ALPEIABETICAL INDEX.
493
trivirgata (Conopias),173.
trivirgata (Muscicapa),
173.
tschudii (Cotinga), 375.
tschudii (Hemipipo), 284.
tschudii (Piprites), 283,
284.
tschudii (Tyrannula),265.
tuberculifer (Myiarchus),
246, 258.
tuberculifer
259.
tumbezana (Myiopatis),
123, 124.
tumbezana(Phyllomyias),
124.
(Tyrannus),
/
turdina (Muscicapa), 319.
turdinum (Heteropelma),
318, 319.
typicum (Lathriosoma),
355
typus (Casiornis), 365.
Tyran de Cayenne (Le
petit), 251.
Tyran hupé de Cayenne,
192.
Tyranneutes, 292.
Tyranniscus, 109, 130.
Tyranniscus sp., 133.
Tyrannula, 198.
Tyrannulus, 109, 128.
tyrannulus (Muscicapa),
251.
tyrannulus (Myiarchus),
247, 251, 253.
tyrannulus (Pipra), 394.
tyrannulus, var. phaeo-
cephalus (Myiarchus),
256.
Tyrannus, 189, 267.
Tyrannus sp., 181.
tyrannus (Despotes), 277.
tyrannus (Lanius), 267.
tyrannus (Milvulus), 277,
278.
º (Muscicapa),
tyrannus(Ty ramnus), 268,
278.
tyrannus y. carolinensis
(Lamius), 267.
tyrannus, var. domini-
censis (Lanius), 272.
unicolor (Chloropipo),
286.
unicolor (Cnipolegus),
unicolor (Heteropelma),
321
unicolor (Pipra), 321.
unicolor (Sericoptila), 47.
uniformis (Chloropipo),
286.
umirufa (Lathria), 350,
353.
unirufus (Lipaugus), 353.
uropygialis (Attila), 359,
360.
uropygialis (Chirocylla),
349, 350.
uropygialis (Dasyce-
phala), 359, 360.
uropygialis (Lathria),
350.
uropygialis (Mecocer-
culus), 27, 28.
uropygialis(Tyranniscus),
28
uropygiata (Muscicapa),
359.
uropygiatus (Myiarchus),
359.
Urraca degollada, 397.
ussheri (Pitta), 429, 430.
validus (Attila), 359, 364.
validus (Lanius), 333.
validus (Myiarchus), 247,
252
validus (Myiomax), 252.
validus (Pachyrham-
phus), 334.
validus (Psaris), 333.
varia (Muscicapa), 265.
variegata (Ampelis), 405.
variegata (Elaemia), 156.
variegata (Pepoaza), 8.
variegata (Procnias), 405.
variegata (Taenioptera),8.
variegata (Xolmis), 8.
Variegated Chatterer,
405.
variegatus (Anthus), 61.
variegatus (Bathmidu-
rus), 345.
variegatus (Chasmorhyn-
chus), 403, 405.
variegatus (Legatus), 156.
variegatus (Pachyrhyn-
chus), 345.
varius (Empidomomus),
265,
velata (Muscicapa), 12.
velata (Pepoaza), 12.
velata (Taenioptera), 11,
12
velutina (Pipra), 293,
299.
venezuelensis (Myiar-
chus), 253.
ventralis (Elainia), 92.
ventralis (Euscarthmus),
92.
ventralis (Leptopogon),
92.
ventralis (Muscicapa), 92.
ventralis (Phylloscartes),
92
ventralis (Tyrannulus),
2.
venusta (Pitta), 414, 429,
430
venustus (Brachyurus),
429.
venustus (Erythropitta),
429.
vera-pacis (Hetero-
pelma), 318, 320.
versicolor (Callopsaris),
340.
versicolor (Pachyrham-
phus), 337, 338, 339.
versicolor (Pitta), 428.
versicolor (Psaris), 340.
versicolor (Vireo), 339.
verticalis (Laphyctes),
269.
verticalis (Muscicapa),
269.
verticalis
267, 269.
verticata (Serphophaga),
102.
(Tyrannus),
vetula (Muscicapa), 49.
vetula (Muscipipra), 49.
vetulus (Ictiniscus), 49.
vetulus (Milvulus), 49.
vieilloti (Pachyrham-
phus), 339.
vieillotides (Myiobius),
198,202.
vieillotii (Muscipeta), 202.
vieillotii (Tityra), 338.
vieillotioides(Tyrannula),
202
vigorsi(Brachyurus), 426.
vigorsi (Coloburis), 426.
vigorsi (Pitta), 420, 426.
vilis (Euscarthmus), 91.
vilissima (Elainea), 132.
vilissimus (Tyranniscus),
130, 132, 133.
villosus (Myiobius), 198,
201.
violenta
278.
violentus (Milvulus), 278.
violentus (Tyrannus), 278.
virens (Contopus), 234,
238, 239, 240.
virens (Muscicapa), 238.
virens (Myiarchus), 238.
(Muscicapa),
494
ALPEIABETICAL INDEX.
virens, var. richardsoni
(Contopus), 239.
vireoninus (Empido-
chanes), 217.
virescens (Heteropelma),
318, 321.
virescens (Muscicapa),
121, 321.
wirescens (Phyllomyias),
121,
virescens (Pipra), 292,
293, 302.
virescens (Ptilochloris),
virescens (Tyrannula),
121.
virgata (Muscicapa), 209.
virgata (Muscipeta), 209.
virgata (Psaris), 328.
viridescens (Empidonax),
232.
viridicata (Elainea), 148.
viridicata (Helinaea),
48.
viridis (Pachyrhamphus),
337, 338, 339.
viridis (Pipra), 456.
viridis (Pipreola), 376,
378.
viridis (Rupicola), 456.
viridis (Tityra), 338.
viridis atricapilla moluc-
censis (Merula), 438.
viridis intermedia (Pi-
preola), 378.
viridissimus (Tyrannis-
cus), 134, 135.
virussu (Lathria), 350,
351.
virussu (Lipaugus), 350.
viscivorus (Turdus), 2.
vitellina(Chiromachaeris),
312, 315, 316.
vitellina (Pipra), 315.
vittigera (Muscicapa),
vociferans (Laphyctes),
269.
vociferans (Muscicapa),
vociferans (Tyrannus),
267, 269.
wagae (Myiopatis), 123.
wallacii (Heteropelma),
318, 319, 320.
Warbler, Citrine, 451.
Warbler, Long-legged,
452.
Whiskered Flycatcher,
I99.
whiteheadi (Calypto-
mena), 456, 457.
whitelyi (Pipreola), 377,
381
wiedi (Pipra), 290.
Wren, Gold-naped, 128.
wuchereri (Euscarthmus),
O
xanthopygius (Myiobius),
199, 201.
xanthopygus (Platyrhyn-
chus), 199.
Xenicus, 450, 452.
Xenopipo, 283, 287.
Xenurus, 38.
Xipholena, 372, 387.
Xolmis, 10.
Yetapa, 38.
yetapa (Alectrurus), 41.
yetapa (Cybernetes), 40,
41.
yetapa (Muscicapa), 40.
Yiperu, 40.
viridicata (Muscicapara),
viridicata (Sylvia), 148.
viridiceps (Rhynchocy-
clus), 165, 171.
viridiflava (Elainia), 130.
viridiflavus (Leptopogon),
130.
viridiflavus(Tyranniscus),
0.
viridis (Ampelis), 378.
viridis (Calyptomena),
455, 456.
yiperu (Gubernetes), 41.
yiperu (Muscicapa), 40.
yucatamensis (Myiarchus),
247, 260.
Zeledoni (Pogonotriccus),
98.
Zetetes, 337.
zosterops (Euscarthmus),
78, 79.
END OF THE FOURTEENTEI VOLUME.
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION count, FLEET STREET.
Plate
II.
III.
IW.
WI.
WII.
WIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XW.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
XXI.
XXII.
XXIII.
XXIV.
XXV.
XXVI.
LIST OF PILATES.
Page
Agriornis pollens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
insolens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Solitaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Taenioptera holospodia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Ochthodiaeta fusco-rufus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Ochthoeca leucometopa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
{; 1. Ochthoeca citrinifrons . . . . . . . . . . 22
Fig. 2. pulchella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
{; 1. Platyrhynchus flavigularis . . . . . . 65
IFig. 2. albigularis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
{; 1. Euscarthmus russatus . . . . . . . . . . 82
Fig. 2. impiger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Leptopogon erythrops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Fig. 1. Tyranniscus cinereiceps . . . . . . . . 131
{ Fig. 2. gracilipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Elainea olivina. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Sirystes albocinereus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Muscivora Occidentalis, G & Q . . . . . . . . . . 194
Cnipodectes subbrunneus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Myiobius flavicans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
roraimae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Ceratopipra iracunda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
Heteropelma wallacii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
flavicapillum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
igniceps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Beterocercus aurantiivertex . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Hadrostomus homochrous, & & Q . . . . . . . . 334
Pachyrhamphus spodiurus, 3 & 2 . . . . . . . . 341
Iodopleura leucopygia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393
qart outror， so：Turſ
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Aº lºſ
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ºtſaſt ſº ſºp （ſuº ſº
ALY （191， ſººſ ‘sparnºſ

ſ odorowlooma)ºooºº!!?!!0!)
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ºdiu ºsoag uaaquaeºſmºſºſ ſºnº ſº
I11 º lºſ"MIY （194 /\'{{' ºpd}{I

Birds B.M. Vol. MTV. PL. VIII.
J. Smit delethtº Mintern Bros. Chromo lith.
| Platyrhynchus flavgularis. 2. Platyrhynchus albigularis.

Bird, B.M. Vol. ITV.
J. Smit delet hth
1. Buscarthmus russau.s.
- Mintern Bros. Chromo lith.
2. Buscarthmus in piger.


|}ircle B.M. Vol. XIV. PL. A.
J Snait delet lith. Mintern Bros imp.
Leptopogon erythrops.

Birds B.M. Vol. YIV.
Pl. II.
J. Smit delet lith.
1.Tyranniscus cinereiceps.
-
Mintern Bros. Chromo lith,
Tyranniscus gracilipes.

ºraemaer 10ſpºuſſº||H.
ſumų gruotųo ºsoa， uwºnuſW ·?|-{ſuºſ nº ſºp arutº Tº
ALYTJA Jſººſ ºpºſ

： ： ' so：1 （t）：nae， |-Sºrrſºº(hanyºmpoſòopuſſiſ!!
ºſ ſº tºp ºnurº ſº
[III （l） {| 77
\， [[{（1）}\，|\，{ſ ºperſºſ

'ºnorðuroopp sºļºſ）;
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ſunt outorus aessaa uuaquaeſºnſ nº lºſ ſuae º
‘ALA’’ laeſ"A||\（|\}（[^|\]*^{} ºperſºſ

Birºls P.M. Vol. XII". PL. V.V.
º Smit delethula. - - - Mintern Brus imp-
Muscivora occidentalis, 13, 2 .

Birds B.M. Vol. MTV. Pl. XVI.
J. Smit del ethth. Mintern Bros. Chrome lith.
(nipodecies subbrunneus.

supºſ.ro/.../ºnyºſo，·
： ouro： º souſ uerºntaeſuaſ nºſſºp （ſºus º
'I1'：[\ſ， '1'：[ŽIſ T′21][^{T ºpinºſ

Birds B., M. Vol. ATV.
J. Smit delet hth.
Myiobius roraimae.
Pl. ITIII.
Mintern Bros. chrome lith.

WIY ， !！!
đun souq uamurae
| optrerroup outhdoro…)
|× ſº ſºb ºſuus tº
AIX （191] [''{{ ºſº！!!！!

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Birds B.M. Wol, WIV Pl. IVI,
J. Smit delet lith. Mintern Pres, imp.
Heteropelma flavicapillum

Birds B.M. Vol. XIV. Pl, XXII.
J. Smit delet hth
Minterr, Bros. intº
Heteropelma aniºns -

Birds B.M. Wol...!!!" PL. VIII.
J Smut delet lith. -- Mintern Bros. mº
Heterocercus aurantúvertex.

'$ ?ºſº[ººmorſootuoſ!smuo 180， praeſ
|-|-|- |- ſıraſºtºp nºuis， ſº
| |
dum sora utamu!!!
LILYA ‘’1，1）ALY （194’Iſºº ºſº！!!!!

Birds B.M. Vol...[IV. PL. Y.M.V.
J. Smit delet lith. Mintern Bros. imp.
Pachyramphus spodiurus, I 3, 2 º'


Birds B.M. Vol. F/W Pl. IVI.
J. Smi delet lith. Mintern Bros. imp.
lodopleura leucopygia.

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