' ~01: THE-
0
~ . GENE RA AND ~ SP EC IES
f<>1'~
IN '
W WID EA
_(NATURA~L HISTORY)-
'~ 1‘?g~~1N‘T1@;D BY ORDER OF T'H*E~‘_‘ii‘R'w.STE:ES§.I ‘-
‘ 1~_s99~.


E
I'll’I...'.'.I.|.‘lfl-l|lI.UIIIIQIII 0/0»?! .11. 0"!‘
._-B-Bi-5-E-Ba-GE:-_ . -§. -8-I--=_-=-P: 5- I-Hﬂ
I X.
_..

0n
--._-.---......-....--..--.------.-----.------_-..---...
ill
..w
W"
.»1
w,..
w‘.
w.
W..
W?
mi
..m
.1.
M
'3
.-M
.m.
w
v
vw
.m
_w_

. \ I !-i..
v._,\_“._§_. =_
\\ I ’ I
...m_§_a_= =._,=._§_._m_§_.__.=§_.__ _m_.__.§.____._ _5%.__§=_§=§_§==§==5..
=5. - -- - Q Q -
iiillilillliihll

lblli
"IllIlihllilIIIIIIUIIIIllililliililliiliblllllilillﬂlllilllllﬂl ﬂiﬂlllilll


Museum
QE
783
J56
1587
THE
GENERA AND SPECIES
OF
BLASTOIDEA,
VVITH A
LIST OF THE SPECIMENS
IN THE
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY).
BY
0‘)
F!‘”“A. BATHER, M.A., F.G.S.,
OF THE GEOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT-
LONDON:
PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES.
s0m> BY
LONGMANB 8: 00., 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, E.O. :
B. QUARITOH, 15 PIOCADILLY, W.; DULAU & Co., 37 SOHO SQUARE, W.;
KEGAN PAUL, TRENOH, TRUBNER, 8c 00., CHABIN G GROSS ROAD, W.C.;
’ AND AT THE
BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY), CROMWELL ROAD, S.W.
1899.
All rights reserved.
ALERE " FLAMMABL


PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,
RED LION coum, FLEET STREET.
0.2.4 7).;/. /3 /If
PREFACE.
M/WWWVVW\M/‘
Tms work was originally designed to form one of a series of ‘ Lists of Types
and Figured Specimens,’ similar to that issued last year for the Fossil
Cephalopoda. But since Mr. Bather found the compilation of a complete
list of species and of specimens in the Collection to be a necessary aid to
his curatorial duties, it was thought that such an Index might prove
useful to workers in this group in other Museums.
The restricted range of the Blastoidea has rendered it possible to
condense the list into limits suitable for publication, and its alphabetical
form renders it very convenient for reference.
HENRY WOODWARD.
Geological Department,
British Museum (Natural History),
Cromwell Road, S.W.
March 30th, 1899.
2353.743
INTRODUCTION.
THE following List is intended to serve various purposes: First, it
attempts to provide a complete index to every name that has ever been
applied to a real or supposed Blastoid genus or species. Secondly, it
indicates which of those names are now considered valid, and which
are believed to be synonyms, giving cross-references from the latter to
the former. Thirdly, it cites the literature bearing upon the nomen-
clature of each species, the bibliographic details being placed under the
name now valid. Fourthly, it catalogues all the specimens of Blastoidea
contained in the Geological Department of the British Museum (Natural
History) at the time of writing (March, 1899). Lastly, it designates
more particularly those among them that are of historical interest, as
type-specimens or as having been ﬁgured, and supplies full references
to the literature bearing on each individual specimen. Yet another
purpose served by this method of compilation is that of a list of Blastoidea
a Museo Britannico desiderata.
The index to names is arranged in alphabetical order. All names,
whether valid or invalid, are printed in the same heavy type, those of
genera being in capitals. The names of species have the generic com-
ponent printed at full length, so as to remove a possible source of error
from those who wish to cut up the index for a slip-catalogue. Since
every combination of names that has been suggested is given in this
alphabetical series, it has not been thought necessary to encumber the
volume with a separate index to trivial names only. The list includes a
few names that are not now considered to belong to Blastoids, but which
have been so considered at one time or another.
The determination of certain names as valid, and the treatment of the
rest as synonyma, was adopted for practical convenience. By this means
the duplication, or even quadruplication, of references has been avoided,
while all references to what is admittedly the same species have been _
brought under one heading. Since that heading can always be turned up
from the cross-references, this introduction of personal opinion is a minor
evil. In several instances (e. g. species of Nucleoerinus and Orbitremites)
the names here held to be valid may not be those familiar to users of
recent writings on the Blastoidea. The changes are in accordance with
the most widely accepted rules of nomenclature, and have been made only
when the facts of the case are undisputed. An enthusiast for priority
vi ‘ INTRODUCTION.
at all costs might prefer Belocrinus to Metablastus, and Dimorlahicrinus
to Orqahocrinus; but in those instances the facts are open to question.
In a few instances the change is not one of nomenclature alone, but
consists in assigning certain specimens to a systematic position different
from that in which they have hitherto been placed. Such changes are
the result of a renewed examination of the specimens themselves, with
better aids to comparison than those at the command of previous investi-
gators. In the case of species inaccessible to the compiler, the views of
the latest recognized authorities have been followed. The List is in no
sense a revision.
The citations of literature are those bearing on the name or systematic
position of the genus or species in question. They do not profess to afford
an exhaustive guide to the literature of the Blastoidea. Nevertheless,
reference to the authorities quoted will probably place the student in the
way of ﬁnding out all writings on the subject that are of any importance.
With the exception of two references to D. D. Owen’s ‘ Catalogue of
Geological Specimens illustrating the formation of the Ohio Valley,’ 1843,
and two to G. Troost’s ‘ Geological Reports to the General Assembly of
the State of Tennessee,’ 1840, 1841, all the citations have been veriﬁed
afresh for this work. ‘
The specimens preserved in the Geological Department of the British
Museum are catalogued under the names of the several species to which
they are now referred. But when a specimen has previously been alluded
to in scientiﬁc publications by one or more names, those names are here
repeated in italic type in chronological order. Specimens that have never
been so alluded to have no such italicised name, but are prefaced by a
., which in each case stands for the name in broad-faced. type
that immediately precedes it.
It follows from the foregoing paragraph that the italicised name is the
sign of a historical specimen. Those specimens which have been ﬁgured
are to be detected by the reference to the ﬁgure, which forms part of the
bibliography of the specimen. Those specimens which have served as
types are distinguished by the letter E, which is always placed imme-
diately after the reference to the publication in which the specimen was
used as a type. The use of the word type and of the sign @ requires
some explanation. The increased importance attached by modern
systematists to these type-specimens has led to a more rigid deﬁnition of
the term, and to a classiﬁcation, with its appropriate terminology, of the
various degrees of authenticity pertaining to those specimens which former
writers confused under the one designation ‘ type.’ The terms now
coming into vogue have not been used in the body of this work, since it
Was felt that their brevity and convenience might not counterbalance
their present unfamiliarity. The ideas expressed by the chief of these
terms may, however, be recalled here in the form of deﬁnitions.

INTRODUOTION. ' vii
Holotype.--The single specimen selected as the standard of a species or
variety, either by the fact of its being unique, or by the deﬁnite
statement of the original author, or, in default of such statement, by
the ﬁrst subsequent author who may have restricted the species. If
but a single specimen was ﬁgured by the author of the species, that
specimen, unless confessedly abnormal, is regarded as the holotype.
Got;/pe.—-When a species was based upon more than one specimen, and
when none of them was selected as holotype, then all the original
specimens rank as cotypes.
Paratype.—When a species was based upon more than one specimen, and
when one has been selected as holotype, then all other original
specimens are called paratypes.
Jlletatg/pe.—-A specimen that did not serve for the original description of
the species, but that came from the same locality (and, in the case
of fossils, from the same horizon), and that has been deﬁnitely
determined as representative of his species by the original author.
As for the sign ‘E: in the following List, it is aﬁixed to all holotypes and
cotypes, whether of valid species or of synonyms. In some instances it
is affixed to paratypes, but only when neither the holotype nor a cotype of
the species in question is preserved in the National Collection. In no
case is the sign ‘E: applied to a metatype, although, owing to the loss of
all other type-specimens, such metatype may be the most valuable
evidence extant for the interpretation of the original description.
It might be thought that the publication of the present list was hardly
necessary, seeing that only thirteen years have elapsed since the Trustees
of the British Museum issued the classical work by Robert Etheridge, ﬁl.,
and P. Herbert Carpenter, entitled ‘ Catalogue of the Blastoidea in the
Geological Department of the British Museum (Nat. Hist.), with an
account of the Morphology and Systematic Position of the Group, and a
Revision of the Genera and Species.’ (4-to. London, 1886.) There are,
however, two reasons why such an opinion would be incorrect. First,
as stated in the Editorial Preface to the ﬁne volume in question, the
authors originally intended their work as “a Memoir on the Blastoidea
to be presented to one of the learned Societies.” It was turned into
a British Museum Catalogue as an afterthought, and, perhaps for that
reason, never attained that precision in the exposition of the actual
material in the National Collection which is nowadays considered to be
necessary in a Catalogue. Although the Catalogue of the Blastoidea
gives a list of those species of the class that were contained in the Museum
in 1886, yet it is only from the plates that the reader can gain any idea
as to the specimens in the Collection. The second reason is that, partly
owing to the interest aroused by the Catalogue of the Blastoidea, the
Trustees have, during the last decade, acquired, either through donation or
viii INTRODUCTION.
by purchase, important additions to the collection of these Echinoderms.
The present list, therefore, has come into being as a much-needed Supple-
ment to the well-known Catalogue.
Without the labours of Etheridge
and Carpenter, its compilation would scarcely have been possible.
''''' --
. t Brachioles.


Deltoids ____ __ ‘: J
Radials . . "

Theca.
,\“\\\\\\\\\i\\l!\gl!!|Q!!!!n!lm!m.!!l!!!!/!III/I)
' \\\\_“,'.,-.
\\.!.‘.l\\+—- -
\\\.‘:,‘»:‘t~
-1 \-__v__d
t Stem.
" ¥.\)\.\.\.._
aiii!l,!!!!\.\,\.\..\.\.\.\-3
'='!!.!!!!ii!s!!issiairis..


, Root.
i, r

Restored ﬁgure of Oropkocrinus fuszlformis, Wachs. & Spr., a Blastoid from the
Carboniferous (Kinderhook) of Iowa, USA. Introduced to show the main parts
of the typical Blastoid skeleton.
In consequence of the facts just detailed, it has been thought well
to state shortly the nature of the various specimens. The terms used
may here be explained. The Blastoid skeleton consists of three main
INTRODUCTION. ix
parts: Stem, Theca, and Brachioles. The Stem or Column is composed
of Columnals. The Theca is composed of Basals, Radials, and Deltoids,
along with the various elements of the pseudambulacral or subvective
areas. The Brachioles are the small jointed processes that fringe these
areas. The only internal organs alluded to are the Hydrospires, which
are folds in the skeletal substance (stereom) of the radials and deltoids.
The material in the Museum at the time of publication of the Catalogue
of Blastoidea had accrued mostly from the following sources :--The
Gilbertson Collection from Lancashire and Yorkshire, noteworthy as
containing many of G. B. Sowerby’s type-specimens, which, along with
others in the collection, were subsequently ﬁgured by J. Phillips.
Renewed examination of these specimens and of Gilbertson’s manuscript
list, preserved in the Department, has resulted in the determination of
more originals than were known to Etheridge & Carpenter. J. Rofe’s
Collection, from Yorkshire, valuable chieﬂy to the morphologist. L. G.
de Koninck’s Collection from Belgium: since this contains the holotype
of Pentrermltes waterhousianus, it is possible that the types of Mesoblastus
crenulatus and Phoenoschisma cczryophy/Zlatum are also contained in it;
but in the case of Blastoids it is almost impossible, without documentary
evidence, to identify any individual specimen, unless, as in the case of
Pentremites waterhousianus, it is distinguished by some abnormality.
C. VVachsmuth’s Collection, from the United States, especially Iowa : the
specimens alluded to in the Catalogue as from the Wachsuiuth Collection
came not from this, but from the private collection of Wachsmuth &.
Springer; they are not in the Museum. Specimens transferred from the
Museum of Practical Geology : all foreign, especially from Spain. Many
other Spanish specimens, with a few from elsewhere, came through
P. H. Carpenter, and others from S. P. Pratt. The J. E. Tennant
Collection, British and foreign. Some other collectors from whom
specimens were obtained were :——J. Bennie (Scotland), W. Cunnington
(chieﬂy Kentucky), Lord Enniskillen (Ireland), T. Rupert Jones
(Tennessee), J. E. Lee (Devonshire and the Eifel), J. N. Pearson
(chieﬂy Alabama), L. Saemann (North America), and G. Sowerby
(Alabama). The names of all collectors, when known, are quoted in
the List, since they facilitate judgment as to the authenticity of the
name and the locality, irrespective of the consideration whether the
specimen was a gift or a purchase.
Since the publication of the Catalogue, the chief acquisitions have been :
some good specimens of N. American species, previously represented badly
or not at all, in exchange from Messrs. Wachsmuth & Springer.
Specimens from Louisiana purchased of Mr. R. R. Rowley, and
ranking in some cases as metatypes. Eighty specimens purchased of
b
X INTRODUCTION.
Mr. T. A. Worthen. This last collection is a highly important addition.
Not only do more than half the specimens belong to species previously
unrepresented in the Collection, but nearly all bear the label of
A. H. Worthen, thus conveying to us that eminent palaeontologist’s
conception of various American species upon which European workers
stood in great need of light. These specimens appear assignable to
9 genera, of which one (Eleutherocrinus) is exceedingly rare and new
to the National Collection. They comprise 26 species, of which 12 were
previously unrepresented in the Collection. All the specimens are good,
and many of them exceptionally perfect.
The total number of specimens of Blastoidea now in the Geological
Department of the British Museum is 1223. Of these, 435 come from
localities within the United Kingdom; the rest are from Belgium,
Germany, Spain, France (one specimen), the United States, and Canada.
Thus all the regions from which Blastoids have been described are
represented, with the exception of Australia.
The number of genera assigned to the Blastoidea is 22, and 18 of these
may be studied in the National Collection, the desiderata being the rare
Pentqohyllum (of which the Museum possesses two plaster casts from the
holotype) and Asteroblastus, Blastoidocrinus, and Steganoblastus, which
are not Eublastoidea (= Blastoidea in the sense of Etheridge &
Carpenter). The number of Blastoid species is about 166, and many
of these are probably invalid; the 7 3 valid species preserved in the
Museum may therefore be regarded as quite half the total number. The
ﬁgured specimens in the Museum amount to 166, while several others
are of historical interest. Of these, 15 are the holotypes of species, 6 the
holotypes of varieties, 22 the cotypes of species, 3 the cotypes of varieties,
58 the paratypes of species, while about 30 may rank as metatypes. The
number of species represented by holotypes or cotypes is 23 ; of varieties
the holotypes are 6. Three species are represented by paratypes.
These ﬁgures speak for themselves. However numerous may be the
specimens of Blastoidea in other museums, there can scarcely be any
collection so representative of the class as a whole, or so rich in specimens
of the highest scientiﬁc importance, as is that of the British Museum.
F. A. BATHER.
30th March, 1899.
THE
GENERA AND SPECIES
OF
BLASTOIDEA.
ACENTROTREMITES, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpente",
1883, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xi, p. 232; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 234. Type-species-—-A. ellipticus.
Acentrotremites ellipticus. Mz'tra elliptica, G. Cumberland, 1826,
Reliquiae Conservatm, p. 33, pl. B [not A, as stated in text], if. 1-3
(middle group). Acentmtremites ellipticus (Cumberland): R. Etheridge ﬁl.
& P. H. Carpenter, 1883, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xi, p. 233; and 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 235; and pp. 158, 237, where they consider
it a possible syn. of Pentremite globosa, Say (q. v.).
Acentrotremites ellipticus (Cumberland) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 12, 93, 108, 235,
pl. xiii, if. 17, 18, 19 ; and F. A. Bather, 1899, in Lankester’s Zoology,
Cap. Blastoidea, f. xiii. Lower Carboniferous Limestone : Somerset,
England. 7 82.]
Acentrotremites sp., Etheridge & Carpenter, 1883: v. Meso-
blastus rofei [E. 7 83].
Asterial Fossil, J. Parkinson, 1808: v. Pentremites godoni, et
P. godoni, var. ﬂorealis.
Asterite from Kentucky, S. L. Mitchill, 1818: v. Pentremites
godoni.
ASTEROBLASTUS, E. von Eichwald, 1862, Bull. Soc. géol.
France (2) xix, p. 62. Asteroblastus, Eichwald: F. Schmidt, 1874,
Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg (7) xxi, No. 11, p. 29. Astero-
cystis nov. gen. et Asteroblastm, Eichwald: E. Haeckel, 1896, Festschr.
fiir Gegenbaur, i, pp. 116, 117. Type-species-—A. stellatus.
B
2 ' THE srnonzs or BLASTOIDEA
Asteroblastus stellatus, E. von Eichwald, 1862, Bull. Soc. géol.
France (2) xix, p. 62, & ﬁg. Perhaps includes Pr0tocm'nites foveolatus,
E. von Eichwald, 1859, Lethaea Rossica, Ancienne Période, Livr. v,
p. 623, pl. xxxii, f. 8, a, b, c. Asteroblastus stellatus, Eichwald:
F. Schmidt, 1874, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pétersbourg (7 ) xxi, No. 11,
p. 29.
Asteroblastus tuberculatus, F. Schmidt, 1874, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci.
St. Pétersbourg (7 ) xxi, No. 11, p. 33, pl. iii, f. 9. Asterocystis
tuberculata (Schmidt): E. Haeckel, 1896, Festschr. fiir Gegenbaur, i,
p. 116.
Asteroblastus volborthi, F. Schmidt, 1874, Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci.
St. Pétersbourg (7 ) xxi, N o. 11, p. 32, pl. iii, ff. 6, 7, 8.
ASTEROCYSTIS, E. Haeckel, 1896 : v. Asteroblastus.
Asterocystis tuberculata (F. Schmidt): E. Haeckel, 1896: v.
Asteroblastus tuberculatus.
ASTRACRINITES, T. & T. Austin, 1842: v. Zygocrinus.
ASTROCRINUS, T. & T. Austin, 1843, non Astroerinus, T. A.
Conrad, 1840: nec Asterocrinus, G. von Miinster, 1838: v. zygo-
crinus.
Astrocrinus benniei, Etheridge ﬁl., 1876 : v. Zygocrinus benniei.
Astrocrinus tetragonus, T. & T. Austin, 1843: v. Zygocrinus
tetragonus. '
ASTROCYSTITES, J. F. Whiteaves, 1897 (non Asterocystis,
Haeckel) : v. Steganoblastus.
Astrocystites ottawaensis, J. F. Whiteaves, 1897: v. Stegano-
blastus ottawaensis.
BELEMNOCRINUS, Munier-Chalmas, 1876, non Belemnocrinus,
White, 1862: v. Belocrinus.
Belemnocrinus cottaldi, Munier-Chalmas, 1876: v. Metablastus
cottaldi.
BELOCRINUS. Belemnocrinus, Munier-Chalmas,‘ 1876, Journ.
Conchyl. (3) xvi, p. 105. Belocrinus, Munier-Chalmas, 1881, Bull.
Soc. géol. France (3) ix, p. 503. Type-species—B. cottaldi.
Belocrinus cottaldi, Munier-Chalmas, 1876: v. Metablastus
cottal-die
wrrn LIST on SPECIMENS. 3
BLASTOIDOCRINUS, E. Billings, 1859, Canad. Organic Remains,
dec. iv, p. 18. Type-species—-B. earchaﬂceclens.
Blastoidocrimis carchariaedens, E. Billings, 1859, Canad. Organic
Remains,‘ dec. iv, p. 18, pl. i, if. 1 a'—n. Blastoz'cZocrz'nus carcharicedens,
Billings: F. Schmidt, 1874, Mém. Acad. Sci. St. Pétersbourg (7) xxi,
No. 11, p. 29. Blastoidocrinus carchariceclens, Billings: R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 120.
CODASTER, F. McCoy, April 1849, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (52) iii,
p. 250. Goclonaster, C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. N aturges. xvii ( i) p. 381.
Coclaster, McCoy (including Heteroschisma, q.v.) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 259. Type-species
-—O. acutus (=young of 0'. trilobatus).
Codaster acutus, F. McCoy, April 1849, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (2) iii,
p. 251. Coclonaster acutus, McCoy : C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. N aturges.
xvii (i) p. 385; refers to it Pentremites pentagonalis, Forbes (q. v.).
Etheridge & Carpenter refer to it Pentremites (‘?) astraformis (q. V.), and
consider it as young of Oodaster trilobatusz v. C. trilobatus, var.
acutus.
Codaster alternatus (vel attennatus) [both probably misprint for
attenuatus], S. S. Lyon, 1857, in D. D. Owen’s 3rd Rep. Geol. Surv.
Kentucky, pp. 493, 498, pl. v, f. 3 a [non 3 b, v. Oodaster pyramiclatas].
Heteroschisma alternatum (Lyon): C. Wachsmuth, 1883, Rep. Geol.
Surv. Illinois, vii, p. 353, footnote. Codaster alternatm-, Lyon: R. Ethe-
ridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 33,
265, 267. Coclaster attenuatus, S. A. Miller, 1889, N. Amer. Geol. &
Palwont. p. 232.
-Codaster alternatus, var. elongatus. Heteroschisma altematam,
var. elongatum, C. Wachsmuth, 1883, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vii,
p. 354, footnote. Ooclaster alternatus, var. elongatus (Wachsmuth) : R.
Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
pp. 33, 263, 267, pl. x, ff. 19, 20.
Codaster americanus, B. F. Shumard, 1858, Trans. Acad. Sci. St.
Louis, i, p. 239. Regarded as probable var. of O’. pyramidatus, Shumard
(q. v.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.’
Mus. p. 265.
Codaster attenuatus : v. Codaster alternatus.
Codaster blairi, S. A. Miller & W. F. E. Gurley, Dec. 1895, Bull.
Illinois Mus. vii, p. 86, pl. v, if. 20, 21, 22.
Codaster canadensis, E. Billings, 1869, Amer. Journ. Sci. (2) xlviii,
p. 79. R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist.
(5) ix, p. 236, and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 265, refuse to
2:2
4 THE SPECIES or mxsrornnx
[Codaster canadensis, continued.]
accept this, but think it possibly equals their Codaster hindei (q.v.).
Uodaster canadensis, Billings (including 0. hinclei): J. F. Whiteaves,
1887, Contrib. Canad. Palaeont. i, p. 109, pl. xiv, ff. 4, 4a.
Codaster conicus, G. F. Whidborne, 1899, Pal. Soc. for 1898, Mon.
Devon. Fauna, iii (3) p. 214, pl. xxix, ff. 4, 4 a.
Codaster gracilis. Heteroschisma graeile, C. Wachsmuth, 1883, Rep.
Geol. Surv. Illinois, vii, p. 354. Oodaster gracilis (Wachsmuth): R.
Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 265.
(Perhaps includes Pentremites subtruncatus, Hall ; see Wachsmiith, op.
cit. supm,p. 357, and Oodaster? subtmmcatus.)
Devonian, Upper Hamilton Group: Thunder Bay, L. Huron,
Michigan, U.S.A. [E. 8028.] T. A. Worthen Coll., labelled
“ Uodaster subtruncatus, Hall.” One theca.

Codaster gracillimus, R. R. Rowley & S. J. Hare, July 1891, Kansas
City Scientist, v, p. 99, pl. ii, E. 6, 7.
Codaster grandis, R. R. Rowley 8: S. J. Hare, July 1891, Kansas
City Scientist, v, p. 99, pl. ii, f. 8.
Codaster gratiosus, S. A. Miller, 1880, J ourn. Cincinnati Soc. Nat.
Hist. ii, p. 257, pl. xv, ff. 5, 5 a. “ An internal cast . . .” not Codaster,
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p.265. “Too imperfect for recognition,” C. R. Keyes, 1894, Bull.
Geol. Surv. Missouri, iv, p. 142.
Codaster hindei, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag.
N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 235; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 265,
pl. xii, ff. 4-7, “possibly identical with C. canadensis, Billings, MS.”
Syn. of Oodaster canadensis, Billings : ‘? J. F. Whiteaves, 1887, Contrib.
Canad. Palaeont. i, p. 109.
Codaster jessieae, S. A. Miller & W. F. E. Gurley, July 1896, Bull.
Illinois Mus. x, p. 89, pl. v, if. 20, 21, 22.
Codaster kentuckyensis (Shumard): Shumard, 1866: v. Phaeno-
schisma? kentuckyense.
Codaster ‘? pentalobus, J. Hall, 1882: v. Metablastus ? penta-
lobus.
Codaster pousirewskii. Codonaster pousirewslrii, A. Stuckenberg,
1875, Materialui Gheol. Rossii, vi, p. 99, pl. ii, ff. 4a—d.
Codaster ? pulchellus. Uodaster pulehellas, S. A. Miller & C. B. Dyer,
1878, Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist. i, p. 35, pl. ii, if. 13, 13 a.
Coclaster (Ste_phan00rinus?) pulchellus, Miller & Dyer: J. Hall, 1879,
WITH LIST or srncrnnns. 5
C
Trans. Albany Inst. x, p. 12; and 1882, Rep. Geol. Surv. Indiana, xi
(1881), p. 280. Codaster ‘? palchellus, Miller & Dyer : R. Etheridge ﬁl.
& P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 266.
odaster pyramidatus. Uoclaster alternatus (pars), S. S. Lyon. 1857 ,
in D. D. Owen’s 3rd Rep. Geol. Surv. Kentucky, pl. v, f. 36 (non 3a).
Uoclaster pyramidatus, B. F. Shumard, 1858, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
i, p. 238, pl. ix, ff. 1 a—e. Oorlaster pymmidatus, Shumard: R.
Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p.266. -
Oodaster pyramiclatus, Shumard: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 16, 30, 80, 266, pl. xii, ff. 1, 2, 3.
Lower Devonian, Corniferous Limestone: Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A.
[E. 658.] One theca, presented by H. A. Nicholson.
Codaster stelliformis (Owen & Shumard) : Shumard, 1866: v. Orc-
Codaster ? subtruncatus.
phocrinus stelliformis. ‘
Pentrmm'tes subtmmcatus, J. Hall, 1858,
Rep. Geol. Surv. Iowa, i(ii), p. 485, pl. i, f. 4(non pl. ii, f. 3). ?Hetero-
schisma gm-cile, C. Wachsmuth,'1883, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vii,
p. 357. Troostocrinws subtrzmcatus (Hall): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 249. Codaster?
subtmmcatus (Hall): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 138, 266. Vide etiam Codaster
gracilis.
Codaster trilobatus, F. McCoy,‘ 1849, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (2) iii,
p. 251. C0donaster trﬂobatus, McCoy: C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch.
N aturges. xvii (i), p. 386. Codaster et Codonaster trilobatus, McCoy:
F. McCoy, 1851, in Sedgwick & McCoy, Brit. Pal. Foss. fasc. 1, p. 123,
pl. iii D, ff. 8, 8a. Coclaster trilobatus, McCoy: R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 268.
Coclonaster, McCoy: J. Rofe, June 1865, Geol. Mag. (1) ii, p. 251,
pl. viii, f. 13. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone:
Settle, Yorkshire, England. [57 841.] Presented by J. Rofe. Thin
section, horizontal, showing hydrospires.
Ooclonaster, McCoy: J. Rofe, June 1865, Geol. Mag. (1) ii, p..251,
pl. viii, f. 12. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone:
Settle, Yorkshire, England. [57842] Presented by J. Rofe. Thin
section, vertical, showing hydrospires.
Coclaster trilobatus, McCoy : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 269, suggest that these are probably
the “New genus. Bolland,” sub “ Echinida ” of J. Phillips, 1836,
Geol. Yorksh. pt. ii, p. 208; they refer to “ certain labels accom-
panying the specimens ;” there are none, but there is a MS. list in
which “ New genus” comes immediately after Pentremites. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: ?Bolland, Lancashire,
England. [E. 834.] Gilbertson Coll., N o. 81 0. Five thecas.
6
THE SPECIES OF BLASTOIDEA
[Codaster trilobatus, continued.]

Codaster tm'lobatus, McCoy. R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. -pp. 32, 268, pl. xii, f. 8. Lower Car-
boniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Settle, Yorkshire, England.
[E. 8009.] Presented by J. Rofe. Theca with top ground down.
Coclaster trilobatus, McCoy: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 31, 268, pl. xiii, f. 4. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Settle, Yorkshire, England.
[E. 8010.] Presented by J. Rofe. Theca with four hydrospire-slits
on each side of an ambulacrum.
Codaster trilobatus, McCoy: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 88, 268, pl.-xiii, f. 6. Lower Car-
boniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Settle, Yorkshire, England.
[E. 8011.] Presented by J. Rofe. Theca with a radial removed by
weathering. '
Codonaster, McCoy: J. Rofe, June 1865, Geol. Mag. (1) ii, p. 251,
pl. viii, f. 14. Uodaster trilobatus, McCoy ; R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 88, 268, pl. xiii,
ff. 5, 7. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Settle,
Yorkshire, England. [E. 8012.] Presented by J. Rofe. Theca
ground horizontally from above, as well as vertically at right angles
to left anterior interradius.
Codaster tmllobatus McCoy: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 16, 22, 23, 24, 268, pl. xiii, ff. _1, 2, 3 :
said to be drawn from one “ very perfect specimen,” but really from
these two slightly imperfect thecas. Codaster trilobrrtus, McCoy:
F. A. Bather, 1899, in E. Ray Lankester’s Zoology, Cap. Blastoidea,
if. v, 4, 5. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Settle,
Yorkshire, England. [E. 8013.] Presented by J. Rofe.
Codaster trilobatus, McCoy : F. A. Bather, 1899, in E. Ray Lankester’s
Zoology, Cap. Blastoidea, f. v, 2. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous
I.ime'stone: Settle, Yorkshire, England. 8023.] Presented by
J. Rofe. Ground section, horizontal.
Oodaster trilobatus, McCoy : F. A. Bather, 1899, in E. Ray Lankester’s
Zoology, Cap. Blastoidea, f. vi. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous
Limestone: Settle, Yorkshire, England. 8027.] Presented by
J. Rofe. Two thecas, forming basis of above-quoted ﬁgure.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Settle, York-
shire, England.
[7 5908.] Presented by J. Rofe.
[E. 836.] Six thecas.
[E. 838.] Sixteen ground and polished specimens.
[E. 1052.] Presented by J. Rofe. Microscope section, vertical,
showing hydrospires.
[E. 8014.] A theca ground vertically across right anterior and
anterior radii.
[E. 8015.] Weathered theca.
[E. 8016.] Tegmen ground from below, with hydrospires in
posterior interradius.
. [E. 8017 .] Three thecas.
Ten thecas.
WITH LIST or SPECIMENS. 7
[E. 8021.] Theca with hydrospires in posterior interradius.
[E. 8022.] Section across ambulacrum, right posterior and right
anterior radii. '
[E. 8024.] Presented by J. Rofe. Five ground and polished
specimens.
-——. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : England.
[E. 80.] Five thecas.
[E. 7991.] Harford Coll. Two thecas.
. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Bolland (‘?),
Lancashire, England.
[E. 8029.] Gilbertson Coll. Theca with hydrospires in posterior
interradius.
[E. 8186.] Gilbertson Coll., No. 81d: “new genus; with only
four divisions or rays,” Gilbertson MS. Cat. Theca imperfect,
but apparently four-sided. -

codaster trilobatus, var. acutus. Pentremites ? astraformis, nom.
nud., T. & T. Austin, 1842, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) x, p. 111. Pentre-
mites pentagonalis, E. Forbes, 1848, Mem. Geol. Surv. Gt. Brit. ii (2),
p. 529, fa. Uodaster acatus, F. McCoy, 1849, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist.
(2) iii, p. 251. Oodonaster acutus, McCoy: C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch.
Naturges. xvii (i), p. 385 (excl. syn. “Astrocrimites, Cumberland ”).
Codaster et Codonaster acutus, McCoy: F. McCoy, 1851, in Sedgwick &
McCoy, Brit. Pal. Foss. fasc. 1, p. 123, pl. 3D, f. 7. Codaster trilo-
batus, var. aeutas, McCoy: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 269.
Ooolaster trilobatus, var. a-cutus, McCoy: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 16, 269, pl. xiii,
if. 13, 15. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Settle,
Yorkshire, England. 8018.] One large theca, with more
pointed base.
Codaster tr-ilobatus, var. acutus, McCoy: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 16, 24, 55, 269,
pl. xiii, ff. 12, 14. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone:
Settle, Yorkshire, England. [E. 8019.] A theca; the side-view,
said to be from this specimen, is much restored.
Oodaster trilobatus, var. acutus, McCoy: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 16, 23, 269, pl. xiii,
ff. 9, 10, & pl. xvi, f. '2. Ooclaste-r trilobatus, var. acutus, McCoy:
F. A. Bather, 1899, in E. Ray I.-ankester’s Zoology, Cap. Blastoidea,
f. v, 1. Lower Carboniferous,‘ Carboniferous Limestone: Settle,
Yorkshire, England. [E. 8020.] Very young theca.
Lower Carboniferous (Carboniferous Limestone): ?Bolland,
Lancashire. [E. 835.] Gilbertson Coll. Four thecas.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Settle, York-
shire, England.
[E. 837 .] Twenty thecas.
[E. 839.] Eighteen thecas.
[E. 8025.] One theca, showing’ ambulacra.
[E. 8026.] Two thecas, showing covering-plates of peristome.


8 THE srnems or BLASTOIDEA
Codaster whitei, J. Hall, 1861 : v. Orophocrinus whitei.
Codaster sp. Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone,
Chert: Louisiana, Mo., U.S.A. [E. 8004.] One internal cast.
CODONASTER, C. F. Roemer, 1851, emendation for Codaster
(q. v.). For all species, see under Oodaster.
CODONITES, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1869, identical with
Orophocrinus (q. v.).
Codonites campanulatus, G. Hambach, 1884: v. Orophocrinus
stelliformis, var. campanulatus.
Codonites conicus, S. A. Miller, 1889 : v. Orophocrinus whitei.
Codonites fusiformis, S. A. Miller,.1889 : v. Orophocrinus fusi-
formis. - ' "‘_
Codonites gracilis, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1873 = v. Oropho-
crinus gracilis. ‘ ' -
Codbnites inopinatus, R. R. Rowley & S. J. Hare, 1891: v. Oropho-
crinus. inopinatus.
Codonites stelliformis (Owen. &. Shumard): F. B. Meek & A. H.
Worthen, 1869: v. Orophocrinus stelliformis.
CRYPTOBLASTUS, it Etheridge are P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 229. Type-species—O'. melo. ~
C-'ryptob1astus‘? kirkwoodensis. Eloeacrinus lcirlcwoodensis, B. F.
Shumard, 1863, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 113. Gryptoblastus?
kirkuioodensis (Shumard): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 232. Orypiobldstus lnlrkwoodensis
(Shumard) C. R. Keyes, 1894, Rep. Geol. Surv. Missouri, iv, p. 139,
pl. xviii, ff. 8 a, b.
Cryptoblastus melo. Pentremites melo, D. D. Owen (it B. F. Shumard,
1850, J ourn. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia (2) ii, p. 65, pl. vii, ff. 14 a-c.
lflceacrinus melo (Owen & Shumard) : B. F. Shumard, 1863, Trans. Acad.
Sci. St. Louis,'ii,~p_. 112. Granatocrinus melo (Owen & Shumard) : B. F.
Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 375. Schizoblastus melo
(Owen & Shumard) : ‘R.-Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann.
Mag. N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 246. ', Cryptoblastus melo (Owen & Shumard):
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 232. , "
-——. Lower Carboniferous, Lower Burlington Limestone : Burlington,
Iowa, U.S.A. ' '
[E. 813.] Wachsmuth Coll. Twelve thecas.
WITH LIST OF SPECIMENS. 9
[E. 8178.] Worthen Coll. ea: G. T. Nealley Coll. Two thecas.
Lower Carboniferous, Lower Burlington Limestone: Louisiana,
Mo., U.S.A. 8007.] R. R. Rowley Coll. Four internal casts
in chert, two whole thecas in limestone matrix, one free theca.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper (2) Burlington Limestone: Bur-
lington, Iowa, U.S.A. [E. 8100.] Wachsmuth Coll. One theca.


cryptoblastus pisum. Granatocrinus Pisum, F. B. Meek & A. H.
Worthen, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1869, p. 89 ; and
1873, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, v, p. 470, pl. ix, f. 4. C'ryptoblastus
pisum (Meek & Worthen): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 232.
Cryptoblastus ? projectus. Pentremites melo, var. 101-ojectus,F. B.
Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1861, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1861,
p. 142. Granatocrinus melo, var. projectus (Meek & Worthen): B. F.
Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 375. Grcmatocrinus
projectus (Meek & Worthen), F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1868,
Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, iii, p. 496. Schizoblastm ? projectu-s (Meek &
Worthen): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 223. Cryptoblczstus? projectus (Meek & Worthen): R.
Etheridge. ﬁl. 8; P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 232. Grrmcztocrinus neglectus (Meek & Worthen) : C. R. Keyes, 1894,
Rep. Geol. Surv. Missouri, iv, p. 139, is an error depending on a wrong
reference.
CRYPTOSCHISMA, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 280. Type-species--O’. sehulzi.
Cryptoschisma schulzi. Pentremites schultzii, E. J . A. d’Archiac &
P. E. P. de Verneuil, 1845, Bull. Soc. géol. France (2) ii, p. 479, pl. xv,
if. 12 a, b, 13 a, b. Pentremitidea schultii (d’Archiac & de Verneuil):
A. D. d’Orbigny, 1849, Prodr. Pal. Strat. i, p. 102. Pentatrematites
schultzii (d’Archiac & de Verneuil) : C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. Naturges.
xvii (i), p. 369. Cryptoschisma schulzi (d’Archiac & de Verneuil):
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 281.
Cryptoschisma schulzi (d’Archiac & de Verneuil): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 90, 281, pl. xviii,
f. 2. Lower Devonian, Calcaire d’Arnao: Colle near Sabero, Leon
[not “ Asturias,” as in Explanation of Plate], Spain. 1063 a.]
Longitudinal micro-section of theca.
Cryptoschisma schulzi (d’Archiac & de Verneuil): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 32, 281, pl. v,
f. 24. Lower Devonian, Calcaire d’Arnao : Sabero, Leon, Spain.
[E. 8089.].
Cryptoschisma schulzi (d’Archiac & de Verneuil): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 21, 281, pl. v,
a
.
000-1
sauce
0'‘
10 THE srncrns or BLASTOIDEA
[Cryptoschisma schulzi, continued.]
f. 25. Lower Devonian, Calcaire d’Arnao: Sabero, Leon, Spain.
[E. 8090.] A theca with part of stem.
Cr;/ptoschisma schulzi (d’Archiac & de Verneuil): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 89, 281, pl. v,
f. 23. Lower Devonian, Calcaire d’Arnao: Sabero, Leon, Spain.
[E. 8091.]
Cryptoschisma schulzi (d’Archiac & de Verneuil): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 97, 281, pl. xiii,
f. 20. Lower Devonian, Calcaire d’Arnao: Sabero, Leon, Spain.
[E. 8092.]
-——. Lower Devonian, Calcaire d’Arnao: Sabero, Leon, Spain.
[E. 784.] Thirty-four thecas, some with portions of stem.
. Lower Devonian, Calcaire d’Arnao: Colle, near Sabero, Leon,
Spain. 1063 b.] Longitudinal micro-section of theca.

DIMORPHICRINUS, A. D. d’Orbigny, 1849, Prodr. Pal. Strat.
i, p. 155. Type-species—Platg/crinites pentangularis, J . S. Miller.
v. Orophocrinus.1
Dimorphicrinus pentanguiaris (J . S. Miller): A. D. d’Orbigny,
1849 : v. Orophocrinus pentangularis.
Echinus species, Kentucky, S. L. Mitchill, 1808: v. Pentre-
mites godoni.
Echinus of the family galerite, S. L. Mitchill, 1818: v. Pentre-
mites godoni.
ELIEACRINUS, C. F. Roemer, 1851 : syn. of Nucleocrinus (q. v.).
Elaeacrinus angularis (Lyon): B. F. Shumard, 1866: v. Nucleo-
crinus angularis.
Elaeacrinus canadensis (Montgomery): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886 : v. Nucleocrinus elegans.
Elaeacrinus conradi (Hall): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886: v. Nucleocrinus conradi.
Elaeacrinus cornutus, B. F. Shumard, 1863: v. Heteroblastus ?
cornutus.
Elaeacrinus curtus, B. F. Shumard, 1863: v. Orbitremites ?
curtus.

1 Miller’s species is accepted. D’Orbigny understood that it was a Blastoid, for he
compared it with Aploerinus, which he (though erroneously) considered as a Pentre-
mite. Nevertheless Dinwvyahierinus “ has never been adopted by paleeontologists on
account of the erroneous and incomplete nature of his generic diagnosis,” Eth. & Carp.
1886, Cat. Blast. p. 293. Few modern systematists regard such reasoning as cogent.
00‘!
1|
WITH LIST or SPECIMENSQ 11
Elaeacrinus elegans (Conrad): B. F. Shumard, 1866: v. Nucleo-
crinus elegans.
Elaeacrinus? globosus (Say): B. F. Shumard, 1866: v. Pentre-
mites ? globosus.
Eleeacrinus kirkwoodensis, B. F. Shumard, 1863: v. Crypto-
blastus ? kirkwoodensis.
Elaeacrinus lotoblastus (White) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886: v. Orbitremites? lotoblastus.
Elaeacrinus Iucina; (Hall): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886 : v. Nucleocrinus lucina, J . Hall.
Elaeacrinus lucina, var. canadensis (Montgomery): R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886: v. Nucleocrinus elegans.
Elaeacrinus melo (Owen & Shumard): B. F. Shumard, 1863: v.
Cryptoblastus melo.
Elaeacrinus meloniformis, W. H. Barris, 1883 : v. Nucleocrinus
meloniformis.
Elaeacrinus norwoodi (Owen & Shumard): B. F. Shumard, 1863:
v. Orbitremites norwoodi.
Elaeacrinus obovatus, W. H. Barris, 1883: v. Nucleocrinus
obovatus.
Elaeacrinus verneuili (G. Troost) : C. F. Roemer, 1851 : v. Nucleo-
crinus verneuili.
, Elaeacrinus verneuili, var. pomum, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886: v. Nucleocrinus verneuili, var. pomum.
Elaeacrinus sp., R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886: v. Nucleo-
crinus obovatus [E. 822].
BLEUTHEROCRINUS, B. F. Shumard & L. P. Yandell, 1856,
Proc. Acad. N at. Sci. Philadelphia, viii, p. 74. Eleutherocrinus,
Shumard & Yandell: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 294. Type-species-—E. cassedayi.
Eleutherocrinus cassedayi, B. F. Shumard & L. P. Yandell, 1856,
Proc. Acad. N at. Sci. Philadelphia, viii, p. 74, pl. ii. Eleatherocrinus
cassedcq/i, Shumard & Yandell : J . F. Whiteaves, 1887, Contrib. Canad.
Palaeont. i, p. 110, pl. xiv, ff. 5, 5 a-b.
. Devonian, Upper Hamilton Group. Beargrass Creek, J eiferson
Co., Kentucky, U.S.A. [E. 8177.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A theca,
partly in matrix.

12 THE SPECIES or mxsrornna
Eleutherocrinus whitﬁeldi, J . Hall, 1862, 15th Rep. State Cab. Nat.
Hist. N.Y. p. 151.
Encrina godoni, J . L. M. Defiance, 1819: v. Pentremites godoni.
Bncrinites ﬂorealis, E. F. von Schlotheim, 1820: v. Pentremites
godoni, var. ﬂorealis.
GRANATOCRINITES, G. Troost, 1849: syn. of Orbitremites
(q. v.).
Granatocrinites cidariformis, G. Troost, 1849: v. Orbitremites ?
granulatus.
GRANATOCRIN US, J . Hall, 1862 : syn. of Orbitremites (q. v.).
Granatocrinus angulatus, R.Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter (?):
v. Mesoblastus angulatus.
Granatocrinus aplatus, R. B. Rowley & S. J . Hare, 1891: v. Orbi-
tremites aplatus. '
Granatocrinus campanulatus (McCoy): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882: v. Orbitremites campanulatus.
Granatocrinus concinnulus, R. R. Rowley & S. J . Hare, 1891:
v. Orbitremites concinnulus. -
Granatocrinus cornutus (Meek & Worthen): B. F. Shumard and F. B.
Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1866: v. Heteroblastus ? cornutus.
Granatocrinus curtus (Shumard): B. F. Shumard, 1866: v. Orbi-
tremites ? curtus.
Granatocrinus derbiensis (G. B. Sowerby) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882: v. Orbitremites derbiensis.
Granatocrinus ellipticus (G. B. Sowerby) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882: v. Orbitremites ellipticus.
Granatocrinus elongatus, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882;
v. Mesoblastus elongatus and Mesoblastus sowerbyi.
Granatocrinus excavatus, R. R. Rowley & S. J . Hare, 1891:
v. Orbitremites excavatus.
Granatocrinus exiguus, R. R. Rowley & S. J . Hare, 1891 : v. Orbi-
tremites exiguus.
Granatocrinus ﬁmbriatus, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1869:
v. Orbitremites ﬁmbriatus.
WITH LIST or SPECIMENS. 13
Granatocrinus glaber, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1869:
v. Mesoblastus ‘P glaber.
Granatocrinus? globosus (Say): B. F. Shumard, 1866: v. Pen-
tremites ? glob-osus.
Granatocrinus granulatus (Roemer): J ._ Hall, 1862: v. Orbi-
tremites granulatus.
Granatocrinus granulosus, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1865:
v. Schizoblastus ? granulosus.
Granatocrinus leda (Hall): J . F. Whiteaves, 1887: v. Pentre-
mitidea? leda.
Granatocrinus lotoblastus, C. A. White, 1875: v. Orbitremites ?
lotoblastus.
Granatocrirms magnibasis, R. R. Rowley, 1895: v. Orbitre-
mites? magnibasis.
Granatocrinus mccoyi, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886: ,
v. Orbitremites maccoyi.
Granatocrinus melo, B. F. Shumard, 1866: v. Cryptoblastus
melo.
Granatocrinus melo, var. projectus (Meek 8: Worthen): B. F.
Shumard, 1866: v. Oryptoblastus ? projectus.
Granatocrinus melonoides, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1869:
v. Schizoblastus melonoides.
Granatocrinus missouriensis, B. F. Shumard, 1866: -v. Schizo-
blastus ? missouriensis.
Granatocrinus mutabilis, R. R. Rowley, 1893: v. Orbitremites
mutabilis.
Ganatocrinus neglectus, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1869:
v. Schizoblastus ? neglectus.
Granatocrinus neglectus, C. R. Keyes, 1894 : v. Oryptoblastus ?
J projectus.
Granatocrinus norwoodi (Owen & Shumard): B. F. Shumard,
1866: v. Orbitremites norwoodi.
Granatocrinus norwoodi., var. ﬁmbriatus (Meek & Worthen): R.
Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886: v. Orbitremites nor-
woodi,‘ var. ﬁmbriatus.
14 THE srncrns or mxsrornna
Granatocrinus oblongus, said by R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Car-
penter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 186, 187, to have been
used by them in 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 239; but no
such name occurs there. In any case they make it a syn. of Mesoblastus
elongatus (Cumberland) and Jllesoblastus sowerbii, Eth. & Carp. (qq. v.).
Granatocrinus orbicularis (G. B. Sowerby): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1882: v. Orbitremites orbicularis.
Granatocrinus pisiformis, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1882: v. Orbitremites campanulatus.
Granatocrinus pisum, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1869: v.
Cryptoblastus pisum.
Granatocrinus projectus (Meek & Worthen); F. B. Meek & A. H.
Worthen, 1866: v. Cryptoblastus? projectus.
Granatocrinus pyriformis, R. R. Rowley & S. J . Hare, 1891:
v. Orbitremites piriformis.
Granatocrinus roemeri (Shumard): B. F. Shumard, 1866: v. Orbi-
tremites ? roemeri.
Granatocrinus rofei, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882:
v. Schizoblastus rofei.
Granatocrinus sayi (Shumard): B. F. Shumard, 1866: v. Schizo-
blastus sayi.
Granatocrinus shumardi, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1866:
v. Schizoblastus? shumardi.
Granatocrinus sphaeroidalis, S. A. Miller & W. F. E. Gurley, 1893 :
v. Orbitremites sphaeroidalis.
Granatocrinus ? wachsmuthi, R. Etheridge ﬁl., 1892: v. Orbitre-
mites ? wachsmuthi.
Granatocrinus winslowi, S. A. Miller & W. F. E. Gurley, 1893:
v. Orbitremites winslowi. '
HETEROBLASTUS, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
I Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 255. Type-species—H. cumberlandi.
Heteroblastus? cornutus. Pentremites cornutus, F. B. Meek & A. H.
Worthen, 1861, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1861, p. 141. Elem-
crinus cornutus (Meek & Worthen) : B. F. Shumard, 1863, Trans. Acad.
Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 112. Granatocrinus cornutus (Meek & Worthen):
B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 375; and F. B.
WITH r.rsr or SPECIMENS. 15
Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1866, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, ii. p. 276, pl. xx,
f. 1. Heteroblastus? cornutus (Meek & Worthen): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 256.
Heteroblastus cumberlandi, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 257, pl. vi, ff. 1-6.
Heteroblastus cumberlandi, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 256, 257. CI. Lower Carboniferous,
Yoredale Shales : Gunnerton Burn, Hexham, Northumberland,
7 England. [E. 665.] Six fragments, not ﬁgured, but forming part
of type-material.
Heteroblastus cumberlrmoli, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 107, 256, 257 , pl. vi, f. 4. TI. Lower
Carboniferous, Yoredale Shales: Gunnerton Burn, Hexham, N orth-
umberland, England. [E. 8075.] Presented by P. H. Carpenter.
A deltoid, part of type-material.
Heteroblastus cumberlandi, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 256, 257, pl. vi, f. 5. Te. Lower
Carboniferous, Yoredale Shales: Gunnerton Burn, Hexham, North-
umberland, England. [E. 8076.] Presented by P. H. Carpenter.
Anal deltoid, part of type-material.
Heteroblastus cumberlcmdi, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 257 , pl. vi, f. 6. 05. Lower Carboni-
ferous (Yoredale Shales): Gunnerton Burn, Hexham, N orthumber-
land, England. [E. 807 7.] Presented by P. H. Carpenter. A radial,
part of type-material. _
HETEROSCHISMA, C. ‘Wachsmuth, 1883, Rep. Geol. Surv.
Illinois, vii, p.( 352. Type—species—H. grae:'-Ze. Made syn., of Co-
daster, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. pp. 33, 263.
Heteroschisma alternatum (Lyon): C. Wachsmuth, 1883: v.
Codaster alternatus.
Heteroschisma alternatum, var. elongatum, C. Wachsmuth, 1883 :
v. Codaster alternatus, var. elongatus.
Heteroschisma gracile, C. Wachsmuth, 1883: v. Codaster
gracilis.
MESOBLASTUS, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 181. Type-species-—M. crcnulatus.
Mesoblastus angulatus. Pentatrematites angulata, G. B. Sowerby,
July 1828, Zool. J ourn. iv, p. 89 ; and 1834, Zool. J ourn. v, Suppl.-pl.
xxxiii, f. 1. Pentremites a-ngulatus, “ Gilb.”: J . Phillips, 1836, Geol.
Yorksh. ii, p. 207, pl. iii, f. 13. Orbitremites cmgulatus ? (Gilb.) : T. &
T. Austin, 1842, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) x, p. 111. Mesoblastus
16 THE srncrns or BLASTOIDEA
[Mesoblastus angulatus, c0ntinued.]
angulatus (Sowerby) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 185 ; here also they quote Gmnatocrinus angu-
Zatus as having been used by them in 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix,
p. 239, but the name is not to be found there.
Pentatrematites cmgulatus, G. B. Sowerby, 1828, Zool. J ourn. iv, p. 89 ;
and 1834, Zool. J ourn. v, p. 457, Suppl.-pl. xxxiii, f. 1,a (8: ‘? b).
Tl. Pentremites angulatus, “ Gilb.” : J . Phillips, 1836, Geol. Yorksh.
ii, p. 207 , pl. iii, f. 13. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Lime-
stone: “ Calamine mines belonging to the Duke of Buccleugh, near
Whitwell, in Bowland, on the Lancashire side of the Odder,” England.
[E. 8131.] Gilbertson Coll., No. 81.
Mesoblastus angulatus (G. B. Sowerby) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 104, 185, pl. vi, f. 7.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Calamine mines,
Bolland, Lancashire, England (as E. 8131 8040.] Gilbertson
Coll. A theca.
Mesoblastus angalatus (G. B. Sowerby): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 15, 30, 185, pl. viii,
ff. 7 & 8. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Calamine
mines, Bolland, Lancashire, England (as E. 8131). [E. 8041.]
Gilbertson Coll. A large but weathered theca.
Mesoblastus angulatus (G. B. Sowerby) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 46, 185, pl. xvii, f. 9.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Bolland, Lancashire,
England. 1047.] Presented by J . Rofe. Micro-section and
two parts of the specimen from which it was cut.
1VIesob1a.stus ? australis, R. Etheridge ﬁl., 1892, in R. Etheridge &
R. L. Jack, Geol. & Palaeont. Queensland, p. 210, pl. xliv, f. 2.
Mesoblastus crenulatus. Pentatrematites crenulatus, C. F. Roemer,
1851, Arch. Naturges. xvii (i), p. 366, pl. vii, if. 15 a-d. Pentremites
crenulatus, Roemer : L. G. de Koninck & H. Le Hon, 1854, Mém. Acad.
Roy. Belg. xxviii (3), p. 199, pl. vii, ‘ff. 4a—d. Mesoblastus crenulatus
(Roemer): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 183. ‘
Mesoblastus crenulatus (C. F. Roemer): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H,
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 61, 104, 183, pl. iv,
if. 1, 2. Lower Carboniferous, Upper Carboniferous Shale : Tournay,
Belgium. [E. 8101.] De Koninck Coll. A theca, which, with all
the other specimens from de Koninck, probably formed part of the
original type-material.
Mesoblastus c-renulatus (C. F. Roemer): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 58, 183, pl. vi, f. 8',
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Carboniferous Shale : Tournay, Belgium.
[E. 8102.] De Koninck Coll. A theca.
Mesoblastws crenulatus (C. F. Roemer): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 15, 183, pl. vi, f. 9.
wrrn msr or SPECIMENS. 17
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Carboniferous Shale : Tournay, Belgium.
[E. 8103.] De Koninck Coll. A theca.
.MesobZastus crenulatus (C. F. Roemer): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 49, 183, pl. vi, f. 10.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Carboniferous Shale; Tournay, Belgium.
[E. 8104.] De Koninck Coll. A theca.
—--—-. Lower Carboniferous, Upper Carboniferous Shale; Tournay,
Belgium.
[57006.] De Koninck Coll. Twenty thecas, some out.
[E. 8001.] One theca.
[E. 84.] J . Morris Coll. An imperfect theca registered as
“Granatocrz'nus ellipticus, Bolland.”
Mesoblastus elongatus. Mitra elongata, G. Cumberland, 1826,
Reliquiae Conservatae, p. 35, pl. A [not B], ff. 1-3 (2nd row). Pentatre-
matites oblonga, G. B. Sowerby, 1828, Zool. J ourn. iv, p. 90 ; and 1835,
v, Suppl.-pl. xxxiii, ff. 3 & 4 (var.). Pentremites oblongus, “Gilb.”: J .
Phillips, 1836, Geol. Yorksh. ii, p. 207, pl. iii, if. 11, 12. Orbitremites
oblmgus (Gilb.): T. & T. Austin, 1842, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) x,
p. 111. G:~anatocwinus elongatus (Phill.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 239. Mesoblastus
elongatus (Cumberland): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 186.
llfesoblastus elongatus (Cumberland) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. 82: P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 92, 186, pl. xvii, f. 10. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Bolland, Lancashire, Eng-
land. 1051.] Micro-sect-ion and specimen from which it was cut.
Pentremites oblongus, “ Gilb.” : J . Phillips, 1836, Geol. Yorksh. ii,
p. 207, pl. iii, f. 11, & '?f. 12. lllesoblastus elongatus (Cumberland):
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. pp. 11, 15, 61, 104, 186, pl. vi, f. 11, & pl. viii, ff. 1-4. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Bolland, Lancashire,
England. 8038.] Gilbertson Coll. A perfect theca.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Bolland, Lan-
cashire, England. 8037 Theca ground at top and bottom.
Mesoblastus elongatus, R. Etheridge & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
errore pro 1VIes0blastus sowerbyi (q. v. sub E. 780 & E. 8039).

Mesoblastus giganteus, nom. nud., R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 140, 183, 189. [This has never
been described, and the proposed type-specimen, which should be in the
Manchester Museum, could not be found by the curator, 14 June, 1897.]
Mesoblastus ? glaber. Granatocrinus glaber, F. B. Meek & A. H.
Worthen, 1869, Proc. Acad. N at. Sci. Philadelphia, 1869, p. 91 ; and
1873, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, v, p. 537, pl. xx, f. 11. Schizoblastus
glaber (Meek & Worthen) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, .1882,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 246. Mesoblczstus? glaber (Meek &
Worthen) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 183.
C
18 THE srscrrs or BLASTOIDEA
Mesoblastus rofei. Acentrotremites sp., R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1883, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xi, p. 233. Mesoblastus
rofei, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. p. 188.
“ Acentrotremites . . . fragment . . . collected in Derbyshire by the late
Mr. Rofe.” R. Eth.eridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1883, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. (5) xi, p. 233. Mesoblastus rofei, “ Clitheroe, Lancashire,”
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. pp. 49, 188, 235, pl. iv, ff. 3, 4. 111:. Lower Carboniferous,
Carboniferous Limestone: England 1. 783.] Presented by J.
Rofe. A mutilated theca.
Mesoblastus P shumardi (Meek &Worthen), Etheridge & Carpenter,
1886: v. Schizoblastus? shumardi.
Mesoblastus sowerbyi. Grrmatocrinus elongatus (pars), R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 239 (non
Cumberland). Mesoblastus sowerbii, R. Etheridge ﬁl. dz P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 187; also on pp. 49, 50, 187,
erroneously as Mesoblastus elongatus.
Mesoblastus sowerbii, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 15, 60, 104, 187, pl. vi, ff. 12-14, pl. viii,
if. 5, 6 (also erroneously as ll/Iesoblastus elongatus on p. 49). U.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Bolland, Lancashire,
England. [E. 7 80.] Gilbertson Coll. A fairly preserved theca.
lllesoblastus elongatus, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 50, 187, pl. xi, f. 15. Lower Carboniferous,
Carboniferous Limestone : Bolland, Lancashire, England. [E. 8039.]
Gilbertson Coll. A theca really belonging to M. sowerb_v/i. ~
METABLASTUS, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat,
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 196. Type-species-—M. Zineatus.
Metablastus bipyramidalis. Pentremites bipyramz'cZn.Zis, J . Hall,
1858, Rep. Geol. Surv. Iowa, i (2), p. 607, pl. xv, f. 2. Troostowinus
bipyramidalis (Hall) : B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
ii, p. 384, footnote. Metablastus bipyranzidrtlis (Hall): R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 200.
Metablastus cottaldi. Belemnocrinus cottaldi, E. Munier-Chalmas,
1876, Journ. Conchyl. (3) xvi, p. 105. Beloerinas cotta-Zdi (Mun__
Chalmas): E. Munier-Chalmas, 1881, Bull. Soc. géol. France (3) ix,
p. 503. Troostocrinus vel Pentremitidea cottaldi (Mun.-Chalmas):
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1883,'Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5)
xi, p. 245. Metablastus cottalcli (Mun.-Chalmas): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 201, pl. v, f. 22.

1 The Registers throw no light on the discrepancy between the two quotations from
Etheridge & Carpenter.
WITH LIST or SPECIMENS. 19
lllefablastus cottaldi (E. Munier-Chalmas): R. Etheridge ﬁl. 8: P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 202, 203. Lower
Devonian, Gres de Gahard: Bois Roux, commune de Gaharcl (Ille-
et-Vilaine), France. 661.] Presented by P. H. Carpenter.
Two fragments.
Metablastus hispanicus. Troostocrim-rs 7ti819Ct7Zi0llS, R. Etheridge ﬁl.
& P. H. Carpenter, April 1883, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) xi, p. 245.
.Metablastus hispanicus (Eth. & C-arp.): R. Etheridge til. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 200.
Troostocrinus hispanicus, R. Etheridge ﬁl. &. P. H. Carpenter, 1883,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xi, p. 245. 01:. illetablastas ln'spcmicus
(Eth. & Carp.): B. Etheridge; ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 200, pl. v, f. 21. Lower Devonian, Calcaire
d’Arnao: Colle, near Sabero, Leon, Spain. [E. 664.] A theca
presumed to be the type, although 235 mm. high instead of 25 mm.
as stated.
Metablastus lineatus. Pentremites Zineatus, B. F. Shumard, 1858,
Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, i, p. 241, pl. ix, if. 3 a, 5. Troosticrinus
Zineat-us (Shumard) : B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii,
p. 384, footnote. Troostocrinus Zineatus (Shumard): R. Etheridge ﬁl.
&. P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, pp. 247-249.
llletablastus Zineatus (Shumard): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 199, pl. iii, if. 14, 15, pl. xvii,
f 18.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone : Burlington,
Iowa, U.S.A. [E. 826.] Wachsmuth Coll. Four thecas, one of them
crushed and one fragmentary in matrix.
Lower Carboniferous, [Upper] Burlington Limestone: Sage-
town, Illinois, U.S.A. [E. 8167.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A complete,
but rather crushed, theca.


Metablastus P pentalobus. Coclaster lomtalobus, J . Hall, 1882, Rep.
Geol. Surv. Indiana, xi (1881), p. 280, pl. xv, f. 16. illetablastus?
pentalobw (Hall): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blas-
toidea Brit. Mus. p. 198. /Stephanoerinus pentalobus (Hall): S. A.
Miller, 1889, N. Amer. Geol. & Palaeont. p.283 ; but this not accepted
by C. Wachsmuth & F. Springer in [privately printed] Index to Revision
of Paleeocrinoidea.
Metablastus ‘P subcylindricus. Pent-remites sfnbcylmclr-icct, J . Hall &
R. P. Whitﬁeld, 1875, Rep. Geol. Surv. Ohio, ii (2), p. 129, pl. vi, f. 13.
Jlletablastus ‘? subcg/Zinrlricus (Hall & )Vhitﬁeld) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P.
H. Carpenter, 188o‘,Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 198. Troostocrinus
subcylinclricus (Hall & Whitﬁeld): S. A. Miller, 1889, N. Amer. Geol.
& Palaeont. p. 287.
Metablastus varsouviensis. Pcntremites (Tria>elocrinus) vars0u-
mlensis, A. H. Worthen, 1875, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vi, p. 521,
C2
20 THE SPECIES OF BLASTOIDEA
[Metablastus varsouviensis, continued.]‘
pl. xxxi, ff. 8, 9. ll/letablastus varsouviensis (Worthen): R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 198. Syn.
of Metablastus woﬂlzeni (Hall): C. R. Keyes, 1894, Rep. Geol. Surv.
Missouri, iv, p. 137. '
Lower Carboniferous, Warsaw beds: Monroe Co., Illinois, U.S.A.
[E. 8168.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A good theca. ‘

Metablastus wachsmuthi. Troostocrinus wachsmuihi, W. F. E.
Gurley, 25 Feb. 1884, New Carb. Foss., Bull. No. 2, p. 1 [Danville, Ill.].
Metcrblastus wcrchsmuthi. (Gurley) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 198.
Metablastus wortheni. Pentremites worthemi, J . Hall. 1858, Rep.
Geol. Surv. Iowa, i(2), p. 606, pl. xv, f. 1. Troostocrirzus wortheml
(Hall): B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 384,
footnote. Meiablastus wortheni (Hall): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 198.
. Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk Group: Keokuk, Iowa, U.S.A.
[E. 8169.] T. A. ‘Worthen Coll. Three crushed thecas of various
sizes.

Metablastus sp. R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886: v.
Tricoelocrinus? leei.
MITRA, e. Cumberland, 1s2c, Reliquiaa-Conservatae, p. 31. Type-
species-lll. 1/em. (Preoccupied by G. Humphrey, 17 97, for a Gas-
tropod): v. Orophocrinus.
Mitra depressa, G. Cumberland, 1826: v. Orophocrinus pent-
angularis.
Mitra elliptica, G. Cumberland, 1826 : v. Acentrotremites ellip-
ticus.
Mitraelongata, G. Cumberland, 1826 : v. Mesoblastus elongatus.
Mitra hibernica, G. Cumberland;-1-826, Reliquiae Conservatae, p. 34,
pl. B (not A), if. 1-4 (bottom group). Granatocrinus [= Orbitremites] ‘?
sp. ?, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. p. 243. »
Mitra humerostellata, G. Cumberland, 1826, Reliquiae Conservatae,
p. 35, pl. A (not B), if. 1-3 (third row). Gmnntocrinus [= Orbitremites] ?
sp. ?, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. p. 243.
Mitra rugoso, quinque perforata, G. Cumberland, 1826 : v. Pen-
tremites godoni.
Mitra vera, G. Cumberland, 1826 : v: Orophocrinus verus.
wrrn msr or sPEc1MENs. 21
NUCLEOCRINUS, T. A. Conrad, 1842, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, viii, p. 280. Olieamltes, nom. nud., G. Troost, 1849, Amer.
J ourn. Sci. viii, p. 419. Elceacrinus, C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. N aturges.
xvii (i), p. 375. .Nacleocrinus (Conrad): J. Hall, 1862, 15th Rep.
State Cab. Nat. Hist. N .Y. pp. 144-146. Elceacrinus (Roemer) ;
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 210. Type-species-—N. elegcms.
Nucleocrinus angularis. OZ-z'va.m'tes amgu7aris, S. S. Lyon, 1857, Rep.
Geol. Surv. Kentucky, iii, p. 492, pl. v, if. 2, 2 a, 2 b. .NucZe0('9't'nus
a-ngularis (Lyon): S. S. Lyon & S. A. Casseday, 1859, Proc. Amer.
Assoc. Adv. Sci. iv, p. 295. Elceacrinus angula-ris (Lyon) : B. F. Shu-
mard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 368. E'ZC€(YCI"i'7‘ZU-8
cm_qulam's (Lyon): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 219.
Elceacrehzus angularis (S. S. Lyon): R. Etheridge ﬁl. (15 P. H. Car-
penter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 219, pl. ii, if. 43, 44.
Lower Devonian, Corniferous Limestone: Loc. ?, U.S.A. 827.]
A theca in matrix. The ﬁgures not very exact.
? Middle Devonian, Upper Hamilton Group: Cementville,
Clark Co., Indiana, U.S.A. 8176.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Small
theca, perhaps young, attached to matrix.

Nucleocrinus canadensis, H. Montgomery, 1881 : v. Nucleocrinus
elegans.
Nucleocrinus conradi, or young of N. verneuili, J . Hall, 1862, 15th
Rep. State Cab. Nat. Hist. N .Y. p. 149. Eleeaerinus com~adz' (Hall):
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 218. Perhaps distinct “from all other species of the genus.”
Nucleocrinus elegans, T. A. Conrad, 1842, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci.
Philadelphia, viii, p. 280, pl. xv, f. 17. Nucleocrinus hallii, L. Vanuxem,
1842, Geol. Surv. Third District N .Y. p. 163. Nucleocrinus ele_r/ans,
Conrad: J . Hall, 1862, 15th Rep. State Cab. N at. Hist. N.Y. p. 147.
Elceacri-nus elegans (Conrad): B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci.
St. Louis, ii, p. 369. Nucleocrinus canadensz's,H. Montgomery, 30 Dec.
1881, Canad. Nat. & Geol. (11. s.) x, p. 83. Elceacrinus elegcms (Conrad),
and Etceacrinus canadensis (Montgomery) vel E. Zucina var. canaclensis :
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
pp. 216, 218, pl. xviii, f. 19.
Nucleocrinus,lucina, J . Hall (‘?): H. -Montgomery, Dec. 30, 1881; Canad.
N at. & Geol. (11. s.) x, p. 81, f. 1 a, b, c ; and Nucleocrinus canaclensis,
op. cit. p. 83. 01. Middle Devonian, Hamilton Group: Limestone
Quarry near Thedford (= Widder), Bosanquet township, Lambton Co.,
Ontario, Canada. [E. 7990.]
Nucleocrinus greenei, S. A. Miller & W. F. E. Gurley, Dec. 1893, -
Bull. Illinois Mus. iii, p. 62, pl. vi, ff. 24, 25.
22 THE srrems or BLASTOIDEA
Nucleocrinus hallii, L. Vanuxem, 1842: v. Nucleocrinus elegans-
Nucleocrinus lucina, J . Hall, 1862, 15th Rep. State Cab. N at. Hist.
N.Y. p. 148, pl. i, f. 16. EZ(eacr1'm1sZz.ccina (Hall): R. Etheridge ﬁl.
8' P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 216.
-——. Middle Devonian, Hamilton Group: New Buffalo, Iowa, U.S.A.
[E. 8175.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A theca. '
Nucleocrinus lucina (Hall): H. Montgomery, 1881: v. Nucleo-
crinus elegans.
Nucleocrinus lucina, var. canadensis (Montgomery): R. Etheridge
ﬁl. 6: P. H. Carpenter, 1886 : v. Nucleocrinus elegans.
Nucleocrinus meloniformis. Elceacrimzs melomlformis, W. H. Barris,
1883, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vii, p. 361.
Nuclebcrinus obovatus. EZcea_<;rimrs obovatus, W. H. Barris, 1883,
Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vii, pl 358.
Elceacrinus sp., “may possibly belong to E. obovatus. Barris”: R-
Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus-
p. 219. Devonian: N. America. 822.] An anal interradius,
undoubtedly of this species. '
. Middle Devonian, Hamilton Group : Alpena, Michigan, U.S.A.
[E. 1826.] Wachsmuth & Springer Coll. A perfect theca.

Nucleocrinus venustus, S. A. Miller & W. F. E. Gurley, Dec. 1893,
Bull. Illinois Mus. iii, p. 63, pl. vi, if. 26-30.
Nucleocrinus verneuili. Pentremites veme-uilz', G. Troost, 1841, 6th
Geol. Rep. State Tennessee, p. 14. Pentremizfes oemeuilii, Troost: A. D.
d’Orbigny, 1849, Prodr. Pal. Strat. i, p. 102. Olivamltes verneuli, nom.
nud., G. Troost, 1849, Amer. J ourn. Sci. viii, p. 419. Elceacninus verneuili
(Troost): C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. N aturges. xvii (i), p. 379, pl. viii,
f. 1. lV'ucZeoorinus verneuili (Troost) : S. S. Lyon & S. A. Casseday,
1.859, Proc. Amer. Acad. iv, p. 295. Eloeacrinus vemeuili (Troost):
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 216. See also Nucleocrinus conmcli and Pentrem/£'tes carioides.
EZceacr'inus verneuili (Troost): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 35, 56, 74, 216, pl. xviii, f. 16,
and most probably if. 17, 18. Lower Devonian, Corniferous Lime-
stone: Falls of the Ohio, Kentucky, U.S.A. [E. 20.] J; Tennant
Coll. A theca. ~
. Lower Devonian, Corniferous Limestone: Louisville, Kentucky,
U.S.A. [E. 819.] J . Morris coll. Two good thecas, one weathered
theca, and a piece of a test. The two former are said to be ﬁgured
in R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. pl. xviii, if. 17, 18; but see under E. 20.
Elrencrinus verneuili (Troost): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 215, 218, pl. xvii, f. 19. Lower

wrrn LIST or SPECIMENS. . 23
Devonian, Corniferous Limestone: Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. [E. 659 a.]
Presented by H. A. Nicholson. A micro-section and the two halves
of the theca from which it was cut.
. Lower Devonian, Corniferous Limestone: Columbus, Ohio,
U.S.A. 659.] Presented by H. A. Nicholson. A - theca in
matrix.
. Lower Devonian, Corniferous Limestone: Louisville, Kentucky,
U.S.A. 818.] Presented by J . Brown. A damaged theca.
——-——. Lower Devonian, Upper Helderberg; Clarke Co., Indiana,
U.S.A. [E. 820.] Two thecas, rather obscured by matrix.


————. Lower Devonian, Corniferous Limestone: Falls of the Ohio,-
U.S.A. 8174.] T. A. Worthen Coll. ex-S. S. Lyon Coll.
Three well-preserved thecas, one in chert.
Nucleocrinus verneuili, var. pomum. Elceacrinus aerneuili, var.
' pomum., “ may represent Olivanites globes-us, Troost”: R. Etheridge ﬁl.
ii P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 218, 219, pl. ii,
. 46.
Elceacrinus verneuili, var. pomum, R. Etheridge ﬁl. 8: P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 219. EL Lower Devonian, Corni-
ferous Limestone: Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. 660.] Presented by
H. A. Nicholson. A theca, part of the type-material.
Eloeacrinus ‘oerneuili, var. Pomum, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 219. QB. Lower Devonian, Corni-
ferous Limestone : Clarke Co., Indiana, U.S.A. [E. 821.] Two
thecas, part of the type-material.
OLIVANITES, G. Troost, 1849 : v. Nucleocrinus.
Olivanites angularis, S. S. Lyon, 1857 : v. Nucleocrinus angu-
laris.
Olivanites globosus, nom. nud., G. Troost, 1849, Amer. Journ. Sci.
(2) viii, p. 419 ; and 1850, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1849, p. 62.
Referred to Elceacrinus oemem'ZrI by C. F. Roemer, 1852, Lethaea Geogn.,
3 Auﬂ. ii Theil, p. 284; and B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci.
St. Louis, ii, p. 369: v. Nucleocrinus verneuili, var. pomum.
Olivanites verneuili (Troost): G. Troost, 1849: v. Nucleocrinus
verneuili.
OIRBITREMITES.1 Orbitremites, nom. nud., J . E. Gray, 184-0,
Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum, 42nd Edition, p. 63.
Or-bitremites, T. & T. Austin, 1842, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (1) x, p. 111.

1 The type-species of Grarzatocrhzites, Troost, is G. cz'da.rzformis, which also is
nomen nudum. The type-species of Gmnatocrinas, Hall, is Pentremites gmnulatus,
Roemer, of which the structure is still quite unknown. The type-species of Grannie-
crinus, Eth. & Carp., is Pentremites norwoodi, Owen & Shumard. All of these must
yield to Orbitremites, the meaning of which was ﬁxed by T. & T. Austin’s use of it in
1842.
24 THE srncrns or BLASTOIDEA
[Orbitremites, continued.]
[‘?] Granatocrinites, nom. nud., G. Troost, 1849, Amer. Journ. Sci. (2)
viii, p. 420; and 1850, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1850, p. 62.
[‘?] Gmnatocrinus, J. Hall, 1862, 15th Rep. State Cab. N at. Hist. N .Y.
p. 146. Granatoorinus (Hall): emend. B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 236; and 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 238. Type-species-0. cZerZn'ensz's.
Orbitremites angulatus ? (Gilb.) : T. & T. Austin, 1842 ; v. Meso-
blastus angulatus.
Orbitremites aplatus. Granatocrinus czplatus, R. R. Rowley & S. J.
Hare, Aug. 1891, Kansas City Scientist, v, p. 117, pl. iii, if. 11, 12.
Orbitremites campanulatus. Pentrem-ites campanulatus, F. McCoy,
1849, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (2) iii, p. 249. Pentairemites camprmulatus
(McCoy) : C. F. Roemer, 1851., Arch. Naturges. xvii (i), p. 361, pl. viii,
f. 4. Granatom~inus campcmulatus (McCoy) and Granatocwinuspisiformis,
nom. nud., R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. (5) ix, p. 239. Granatocmhus campanulatus (McCoy): R. Ethe-
ridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 251.
Granat0cr2'.nus campanulatus (McCoy): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 15, 25, 251, pl. viii,
E. 13, 14. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Bolland,
Lancashire, England. 8056.] Gilbertson Coll. A theca.
Grcmatoorinus campanulatus (McCoy): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 107, 251, pl. x,
f. 10. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Bolland,
Lancashire, England. [E. 8057.] Gilbertson Coll. A theca, said to
be the ﬁgured specimen: if so, the ﬁgure is X 9 and not X 5.
Granatoorinus campanulatus (McCoy): B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 107, 251, pl. ix,
f. 8. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Lancashire ?,
England. [E. 8058.] Presented by J. Rofe. A weathered theca.
G1'anat0cr'£nus campcmulatus (McCoy): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 12, 252, pl. ix,
ff. 9, 10. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Lanca-
shire ?, England. [E. 8059.] Presented by J . Rofe. ~ A weathered
theca.
Gr/'-natocrinus campanulatus (McCoy): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 241, 252, pl. X,
f. 9. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Lancashire ?,
England. [E. 8060.] Presented by J. Rofe. A theca.
. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Bolland,
Lancashire, England. [E. 795.] Gilbertson Coll. A very young
theca.
—-—--. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: England.
[E. 796.] Presented by J . Rofe. Seven thecas.

wrrn msr or srscmnxs. 25
Orbitremites concinnulus. Ga~anat0c/rinus concinnulzzs, R. E. Rowley
& S. J . Hare, Aug. 1891, Kansas City Scientist, v, p. 117 , pl. iii, ff. 13,
1-1.
Orbitremites ? curtus. Pentremites curtus, B. F. Shumard, 1855, 1st
and 2nd Rep. Geol. Surv. Missouri, pt. ii, p. 187 , pl. B, ff. 3 a—b. Elam-
crinus curtus (Shumard) : B. F. Shumard, 1863, Trans. Acad. Sci.
St. Louis, ii, p. 112. Granatocrinus curtus (Shumard) : B. F. Shumard,
1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 375. Grrmaiocrinus‘? curtus
(Shumard): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 248.
Orbitremites derbiensis. Pentremites derZ)'ien.s"z's, G. B. Sowerby, 1825,
Zool. Journ. ii, p. 317, pl. xi, f. 3. Orbitremites derbiensis (Sow.) : T. &
T. Austin, 1842, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) x, p. 111. Pentatremat-ites
clerb-iensis (Sow.) : C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. N aturges. xvii (i), p. 364.
Granatocrinus derbiensz's (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1882, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 239; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 250.
Pentremites cla)'bié1zsis, Sow. = J. Phillips, 1836, G601. Yorksh. ii,
p. 207, pl. iii, f. 10. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone :
England.1 [E. 8137 Gilbertson Coll., No. 7 9. A theca.
Gmnatocrinus derZn'ensz's (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 12, 250, pl. ix, f. 4. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : England‘. 8047
Gilbertson Coll., N o. 79. A small theca ; if really the ﬁgured speci-
men, as which it was handed over by the authors, then the ﬁgure is
magniﬁed 6 diameters and ‘is not much like the original.
Granatocrinus derbiensis (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 9, 250, pl. vi, f. 23. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: England 1. 80-18.]
Gilbertson Coll., N 0. 7 9. Theca with two columnals attached.
Grcmatocrinus dc/rbiensis (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
_ 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 46, 250, pl. xvii, f. 4. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Bolland, Lancashire,

1 The locality of the 9 specimens of Pe-ntremz't‘es (vel Granatocrinus vel Orbi-
tremizfes) derbiensis from the Gilbertson collection is doubtful. G. B. Sowerby in 1826
said, “ Mr. White VVatson . . . supposes them [the cotypes] to be peculiar to Derbyshire,
and states that they belong to the twenty-sixth bed of limestone.” In 1828 Gr. B.
Sowerby quoted Gilbertson as saying of specimens of other species from his collection:
“The Pentatrematites are all from the Calamine mines belonging to the Duke of
Buccleugh, near Whitwell in Bowland, on the Lancashire side of the Odder.” In
1836, J. Phillips gave as localities for this species “ Grassington ; Derbyshire.” The
latter name may refer to Sowerby’s specimens only ; the former, almost certainly, refers
to Gilbertson’s, or at least to some of them. Gilbertson’s MS. list and the Register of
the Zoological Department (41.6.l8.ll6-125) say nothing as to the locality; but,
when transferred to the Geological Department, the specimens were registered as from
“ Bolland.” Etheridge & Carpenter, in 1886, alluded to one of the Gilbertson specimens
(pl. vi, f. 23) as from “Lancashire.” Grassington, which seems the most probable
locality, is in the West Riding of Yorkshire, 10 miles N. of Skipton. Calamine and
lead mines are worked in the Carboniferous Limestone there.
26 THE srncrss or BLASTOIDEA
[Orbitremites derbiensis, continued.]
England. [E. 8046.] Presented by J. Rofe. A micro-section and
two halves of the specimen from which it was cut.
Granatoerinus derbiensis (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 12, 15, 250, pl. ix, ff. 2. 3.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: England. 8049.]
Presented by J. Rofe. A theca taken as the ﬁgured specimen on the
evidence of the authors’ own label, but which does not agree with the
ﬁgures in diameter or state of preservation.
G')‘(t’n(tI§0G7"?:’I?/Ll.S clerbiensis (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. 85 P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 49, 92, 250, pl. xi, if. 12, 13.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : England. 8050.]
Presented by J. Rofe. A weathered theca (not two specimens).
Granatocrinus clerbiensis (Sow.) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 49, 92, 250, pl. xi, f. 11.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: England. 8051.]
Presented by J . Rofe. A weathered and imperfect theca. _
Granatocrinus clerbiensis (Sow.): B.. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 107, 250, pl. ix, f. 5. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : England. 8052.]
Presented by J. Rofe. A rather worn theca.
Gmnatocrz'nus clerbz'ensz's (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 57, 250, pl. ix, f. 7. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: England. 8053.]
Presented by J. Rofe. Taken as the ﬁgured specimen on the evidence
' of the authors’ own label ; but the reference is more than doubtful.
G1-anat0crinus cZerbz'ens'l.s' (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 29, 250 (not 125), pl. ix, f. 1..
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Derbyshire [accord—
ing to the Register, not Lancashire as in “Catalogue ”], England.
[E. 8054.] J. Tennant Coll. A theca.
Granatocrinus derbiensis (Sow.): B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 29, 250, pl. ix, f. 6. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Derbyshire, England.
[E. 8055.] J. Tennant Coll. A theca.
. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Derbyshire,
England. 19.] J. Tennant Coll. Twenty-two thecas.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Lancashire,
England. [E. 286.] Egerton Coll‘. Three weathered thecas.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: (see footnote
i, p. 25), England. 800.] Gilbertson Coll., N o. 79. Six thecas
“ all weathered, but the best that can be got,” Gilb. MS.
. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: England.
[E. 801.] Five weathered thecas.
[E. 803.] Presented by J . Rofe. Three weathered thecas, one out
in half.
? Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Lancashire,
England. [E. 802.] A weathered theca.


WITH _LIST or SPECIMENS. 27
Orbitremites ellipticus. Pentremites elliptica, G. B. Sowerby, 1825,
Zool. J ourn. ii, p. 317, pl. xi, f. 4. Orbitremites ellz'pt-ic-us (Sow.): T.
& '1‘. Austin, 1842, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) x, p. 111. Pentatrematites.
ellipticus (Sow.): C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. Naturges. xvii (i), p. 360.
Pentrem/Ztes ellipticus, Sow. : J. Rofe, 1865,' Geol. Mag. (1) ii, p. 249,
pl. viii, f. 7. Granatocrinus ellipiicus (_Phill.) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P.
H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 239; and 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 253.‘
Pmtremites ellijaticus, Sow.: J. Rofe, 1865, Geol. Mag. (1) ii, p. 249,
pl. viii, f. 7. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone :
Clitheroe, Lancashire, England. 1049.] Presented by J . Rofe.
Micro-section and cross-section of a theca.
Granatocrinus elliptious (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 46, 253, pl. xvii, f. 6. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Bolland, Lancashire, Eng-
land. 1048a.] Presented by J. Rofe. Micro-section.
Granatocrinus ellipticus (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 92‘, 253, pl. xvii, f. 7. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Bolland, Lancashire, Eng-
land. 1048 b.] Presented by J. Rofe. Micro-section.
Grrmatocrznus ellipticus (Sow.): B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 50, 253, pl. x, f. 13. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Clitheroe, Lancashire, Eng-
land. 8064.] Weathered cross—section of a theca. '
G'rcmatocrinus ellipticus (Sow.):'1t. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 49, 50. 253, pl. x, f. 14. Lower
Jarboniferous,Carboniferous Limestone: Clitheroe, Lancashire, Eng-
land. 8065.] Weathered theca.
Granatocrinus eZlz]>ticus (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 48, 49, 253, pl. x, f. 12.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Clitheroe, Lanca-
shire, England. 8066.] A theca.
Granatocrinus ellipficus (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 51, 253, pl. x, f. 15. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Clitheroe, Lancashire, Eng-
land. 8067.] A theca. ' '
Granatoco~z'nus e7lz_'pticus (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 241, 253, pl. x, f. 16. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Clitheroe, Lancashire, Eng-
land. - 8068.] A young individual.
Granatocrinus ellipticu-s (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit, Mus. p. 255, pl. vi, f. 21. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Clitheroe, Lancashire, Eng-
land. 8069.] A theca.
Go-anatocrinus ellipticus (Sow.): E. Etheridge ﬁl. 8: P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 25, 107, 253, pl. viii, ff. 16, 17.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Clitheroe, Lanca-
shire, England. 8070.] A theca.
G'ranat0c9'2'm¢s ellipticus (Sow): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 15, 253, pl. viii, f. 18. Lower
28 THE srncrns or BLASTOIDEA
[Orbitremites ellipticus, continued.]
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Clitheroe, Lancashire, Eng-
land. 8071.] A theca in matrix: if the ﬁgured specimen, as
stated by the authors, then the ﬁgure is restored.
Granatocrinus ellipticus (Sow.): B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 25, 29, 253, pl. viii, f. 19.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Clitheroe, Lanca-
shire, England. 8072.] Theca in matrix, ﬁgure restored and
incorrect.
Gwinatocrinus ellipticus (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 50, 253, pl. viii, f. 20. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Clitheroe, Lancashire, Eng-
land. 8073.] Theca with weathered radial sinus.
Gr-anatocrinus ellipticus (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 60, 253, pl. viii, f. 21. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Clitheroe, Lancashire, Eng-
land. [E. 8074.] Half a theca.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Bolland, Lan-
cashire, England. 807.] Gilbertson Coll., No. 77. Eighteen
thecas, some worn, some only halves. According to Gilbertson’s MS.
Catalogue, this lot includes specimens ﬁgured by G. B. Sowerby &
J . Phillips as Pentremites elliptiousg but closer determination is
impossible.
Peiztremites ellipticus. “ Elongated variety of P. ellipticas [sic],” G. B.
Sowerby, 1828, Zool. Joiirn. iv, p. 91. Lower Carboniferous,
Carboniferous Limestone: Calamine mines of Duke of Buccleugh,
near Whitwell, in Bolland, Lancashire. [E. 8133.] Gilbertson Coll.,
_ No. 77 a. Theca with adherent matrix.
. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Calamine mines
of Duke of Buccleugh, near Whitwell in Bolland, Lancashire,
England.
[E. 806.] Gilbertson Coll. Three imperfect but large thecas.
[E. 8132.] Gilbertson Coll., No. 77 b. Theca “ with supposed
columnar fragments in matrix,” Gilb. MS.
[E. 8134.] Gilbertson Coll. Theca in matrix.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Clitheroe,
Lancashire, England. 808.] Presented by J. Rofe. Fifty-
eight thecas and fragments.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Bolland, Lan-
cashire, England. [E. 1048.] Presented by J. Rofe. Cross-section
of theca.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Lancashire,
England.
[E. 287 Egerton Coll. Two medium-sized and one young theca.
[E. 804.] Four thecas.
--——. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: England.
[E. 805.] Mantell Coll. Two imperfect thecas.
[E. 809.] Presented by J. Rofe. Three half-thecas, polished on
out side.


WITH LIST OF srncmnxs. 29
brbitremites excavatus. Granatocrinus errcrwatus, R. R. Rowley
& S. J . Hare, July 1891, Kansas City Scientist, v, p. 99, pl. ii, ff. 9, 10.
Orbitremites exiguus. Gmnatocrinus aeiguus, R. R. Rowley & S. J.
Hare, July 1891, Kansas City Scientist, v, p. 100, pl. ii, ﬁl. 13, 14;
and p. 118, pl. iii, f. 18.
Lower Carboniferous, Lower Burlington Limestone : Louisiana,
Missouri, U.S.A. 8002.] B. R. Rowley coll. Damaged theca
in chert.

Orbitremites ﬁmbriatus. Gmncetocrinus ﬁmbriatus, E. B. Meek & A-
H. Worthen, 1866, Proc. Acad. N at. Sci. Philadelphia, 1866, p. 259.
Granatocrinus norwoodi, var. ﬁmbriatus, Meek & Worthen: R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 248.
Orbitremites globosus, nom. nud., T. &,T. Austin, 1842, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. (1) x, p. 111. Not known to R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 243.
Orbitremites ? granulatus. Granatocrinites cidmiformis, nom. nud.,
Cr. Troost, 1849, Amer. J ourn. Sci. (2) viii, p. 420 (ﬁcle Shumard). Penta-
trematites grcm.uZatas, C.'F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. N aturges. xvii (i),
‘ pp. 363, 364. Granatocri-nus grcmulatus (Roemer) : J. Hall, 1862, 15th
Rep. State Cab. Nat. Hist. N.Y. p. 146. Grcmatocrinus _granuZatus
(Roemer): B. E. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Nat. Sci. St. Louis,
ii, p. 375. Grcmatocrinus ‘? grcmulatus (Roemer): B.‘ Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 244.
Orbitremites 1eda,.(J. Hall): (sub Granatocrinus), J. F. Whiteaves,
1887 : v. Pentremitidea? leda.
Orbitremites ? lotoblastus. Gmnatocrinus Zotoblastus, C. A. White,
1875, Rep. Wheeler's Surv. W. of 100th Meridian, iv, p. 80. Pentremites
Zotoblastris (White): B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 242. Granatocrinus ?, Schizoblastus ?, vel Elam-
crinus‘? Zotoblastus (White): B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 231, 232.
Orbitremites maccoyi. G1'anIat00r'i'nus m‘coyi, nom. nud., R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 239. Gra-
natocrinus mcooyi, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 252, pl. viii, f. 12, & pl. x, ff. 5-8.
Granatocrz'nus /rnccoyi, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 107, 241, 252, pl. viii, f. 12, pl. x, if. 5, 6.
ill Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Clitheroe, Lan-
cashire, England. 8061.] Presented by J. Rofe. A well-
preserved theca, one of two type-specimens.
Grcmatocrinus mccog/vi, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 106, 241, 252, pl. x, ff. 7, 8. Q1 Lower
30 THE srncms or BLASTOIDIEA
[Orbitremites maccoyi continued.]
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Clitheroe, Lancashire, Eng-
land. [E. 8062.] Presented by J. Rofe. A theca, one of two
type-specimens.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: ?Clitheroe,
Lancashire, England. 797.] Presented by J.Rofe. Two thecas.

Orbitremites magnibas-is. G-ranatocrinus (/Schizoblastus ‘?) magm'-
basis, R. R. Rowley, Oct. 1895, Amer. Geol. xvi, p. 220, ff. 11-14.
orbitremites mutabilis. Grrmafocrinus mutabilis, R. R. Rowley,
Nov. 1893, Amer. Geol. xii, p. 306, pl. xiv, ff. 4-9.
brbitremites norwoodi. Pentremites norwoodi, D. D. Owen & B. F.
Shumard. 1850,Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia (2) ii, p. 64, pl. vii,
f. 13. Elceacrinus norwoodi (Owen & Shumard) : B. F. Shumard, 1863,
Trans. Acad. N at. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 112. Granatoorinus? norwoocﬁ
(Owen & Shumard): B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
ii, p. 375. Gmnatocrinus norwoodi (Owen & Shumard): R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 239 ; and
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 245.
Granatocrimns norwoocli (Owen & Shumard) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 46, 245, pl. xvii, f. 8.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone : Burlington,
Iowa, U.S.A. [E. 1058.] Transverse micro-section.
Granatocrinus no-rwoodi (Owen dz Shumard): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 107, 245, pl. ii, f. 32.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone : Burlington,
Iowa, U.S.A. 8083.] Saemann Cell. A wide theca.
Granatocrinus norwoocli (Owen & Shumard): B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 107, 245, pl. ii, f. 33.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone: Pleasant Grove,
Iowa, U.S.A. [E. 8084.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. A theca.
Gwmatocrinus norw0ocZi (Owen & Shumard) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 107, 245, pl. ii, f. 34.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone : Pleasant Grove,
Iowa, U.S.A. 8085.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. A theca.
Grrmatocrinus norwoodi (Owen & Shumard): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 107 , 205, pl. ii, f. 35.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone : Pleasant Grove,
Iowa, U.S.A., 8086.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. A theca.
Gmnatocrinus ozorwoodi (Owen & Shumard) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 107, 245, pl. vii,
ff. 5, 6. Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone : ‘Bur-.
lington, Iowa, U.S.A. 8087 C. Wachsmiith Coll. A theca.
G’-m-natocrinus norwoocli (Owen & Shumard) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 57, 245, pl. xi, f. 14.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone : Burlington,
Iowa, U.S.A. 8088.] L. Saemann Coll. A theca.
-——. Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone: Pleasant
wnn msr or srnernnns. 31
Grove, Iowa, U.S.A. [E. 810.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. Thirty-three
thecas and fragments, one specimen with four thecas on matrix.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone : Burlington,
Iowa, U.S.A.
[E. 811.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. Four internal casts in chert, and
eleven thecas showing cross-sections of hydrospires.
[E. 812.] L. Saemann Coll. Ten whole and ﬁve parts of thecas.
[E. 8181.] T. A. Worthen Coll. ex G. T. Nealley Coll. Two
thecas.
. Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone : Louisiana,
Missouri, U.S.A. 8003.] R. R. Rowley Coll. Two internal
casts in chert.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone (chert):
Loo. unknown ; ? Burlington, Iowa, U.S.A.


[E. 8182.] T. A. Worthen Coll. ex G. T. Nealley Coll. An 3
internal cast.
[E. 8183.] T. A. Worthen Coll. ex Brewster Coll. A large
internal cast. ~
Orbitremites norwoodi, var. ﬁmbriatus. Grcmatocrinusﬁmlnrirztus,
F. B. Meek & A.‘ H. Worthen, 1866, Proc. Acad. N at. Sci. Philadelphia,
1866, p. 259. “ Only a well-marked variety of Grcmatocrinus norwoodi.”
B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 248. ‘
Orbitremites oblongus (“ Gilb.”), T. 8: T. Austin, 1842 : v. Meso-
blastus elongatus.
Orbitremites orbicularis. Pentatmnatites orbicularis, G. B. Sowerby,
1834, Zool. J ourn. v, p. 456, Suppl.-pl. xxxiii, f. 5. Pentremites orZn'cu-
Zaris, “ Gilb.”: J. Phillips, 1836, Geol. Yorksh. ii, p. 207, pl. iii, f. 9.
Grcmatocrinus 0'/'bz'cuZarz's (Sow.) : B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 239 ; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 248.
Pentatrematites orbiculctris, G. B. Sowerby, 1.834, Zool. Journ. v, p. 456,
Suppl.-pl. xxxiii, f. 5, left-hand. QL Pentremites orbicularvls, “Grilb.”:
J. Phillips, 1836, Geol. Yorksh. ii, p. 207 , pl. iii, f. 9. Granafocrinus
or?n'cuZam's (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 2-19, pl. ix, ff. 11, 13, 16. Orbitremites
0r_bicuZaris (Sow.): F. A. Bather, 1899, in E. Bay Lankester’s
Zoology, Cap. Blastoidea, f. xv, 3, 4. Lower Carboniferous, Car-
boniferous Limestone: Calamine mines of the Duke of Buccleugh,
near Whitwell in Bolland, Lancashire, England. 8135.] Gil-
bertson Coll., No. 78. A theca; one of two type-specimens.
Pentatrematites orbicularis, G. B. Sowerby, 1834, Zool. J ourn. v, p. 456,
Suppl.-pl. xxxiii, f. 5, right-hand. QC. Lower Carboniferous, Carbo-
niferous Limestone: Calamine mines, Bolland, Lancashire, England.
[E. 8136.] Gilbertson Coll., No. 78. A theca, one of two type-
specimens.
32 run srnerns or BLASTOIDEA
[Orbitremites orbicularis, continued.]
G2'an(ttocrinus orbicularis (Sow.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 92, 248, pl. xvii, f. 5. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Bolland, Lancashire. 1050.] Presented by J. Rofe. A micro-section, and the two halves
‘ of the theca from which it was cut.
Gwmrttocrinus orbicularis (So w.) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 107, 248, pl. ix, f. 15. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Yorkshire, England. 8044.] Presented by J. Rofe. A well-preserved theca.
Grrmatoc-rinus orbicularis (Sow.) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 25, 107, 248, pl. ix, if. 12, 14.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Yorkshire, England.
[E. 8045.] Presented by J. Rofe. A fairly preserved theca.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Calamine
mines near Whitwell in Bolland, Lancashire, England. [E. 798.]
Gilbertson Coll., No. 78. Four imperfect thecas.
——. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : England.
[E. 7 99.] Presented by J. Rofe. Twelve thecas.

Orbitremites piriformis. Granatocrimts 79;/riformis, R. R. Rowley
& S. J . Hare, Aug. 1891, Kansas City Scientist, v, p. 118, pl. iii,
ff. 15, 16. .
Orbitremites ? roemeri. Pentremites roemeri, B. F. Shumard, 1.855,
2nd Geol. Rep. Missouri, pt. ii, p. 186, pl. B, f. 2a (non 2, b, 0, cl,
v. Schizoblastus‘? missouriensis). G'rcm.atocrvlnus roemeri (Shumard): B. F.
Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 376. Granatocrinus ??
roe/meri (Shumard): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 244. Schizoblastus ‘? roemeri (Shumard) : C. R.
Keyes, 1894, Rep. Geol. Surv. Missouri, iv, p. 137.
Orbitremites sphaeroidalis. Granatocrinus sphwroiclalis, S. A. Miller
dz W. E. E. Gurley, Dec. 1893, Bull. Illinois Mus. iii, p. 65, pl. vi,
ff. 31, 32, 33.
Orbitremites ? wachsmuthi. Granatocrinus ? wachsmuthii, R. Ethe-
ridge ﬁl., 1892, in R. Etheridge & R. L. Jack, Geol. and Palmont.
Queensland, p. 211, pl. vii, f. 10.
orbitremites winslowi. Grcmatocrinus 'wi'nsZ0wi, S. A. Miller & VV.
F. E. Gurley, Dec. 1893, Bull. Illinois Mus. iii, p. 66, pl. vi, ff. 34, 35.
Orbitremites sp. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous- Limestone, ~
Yorkshire, England. [E. 8000.] Presented by J . Rofe. An imperfect
theca.
OROPHOCRINUS. Mitre, G. Cumberland, 1826, Reliquiae Conser-
vatae, p. 31 (preocc. Humphrey, 1797, for a mollusc). Dimorphicrzfnus,
A. D. d’Orbigny, 1849, Prodr. Pal. Strat. i, p. 155 (v. Dimorphi-
crinus). Orophocrinus, K. von Seebach, 1864, N achr. Ges. Wiss.
wrrn msr or SPECIMENS. 33
Giittingen, 1864, p. 110. O'ocZomItes, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen,
1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1869, p. 84, footnote; and
1873, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, v, p. 463. Orojohocrinus, R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 249 ; and
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 283. Type-species—O. steZZz'f‘o1'mis
Or0phocrinus conicus, C. Wachsmuth & F. Springer, 1890 : v. Or0-
phocrinus whitei.
Orophocrinus fusifor-mis. Codonites fasifownis, nom. nud., S. A.
Miller, 1889, N. Amer. Geol. & Palaeont. p. 233. Orophocrinusfusiformis,
C. Wachsmuth & F. Springer, 1890, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, viii.
p. 203, pl. xvii, f. 4. '
Orophocr~inus fuszforonis, Wachsmuth & Springer: F. A. Bather, 1897,
Guide to Fossil Invertebrates . . . in Brit. Mus. (N at. Hist.), p. 101,
f. 157. Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook group : Iowa, U.S.A.
[E. 1726.] C. Wachsmuth & F. Springer Coll. A crown attached
to specimen of Oactocrinus n0cZ0brach'iat'us, forms basis of the recon-
structed ﬁgure.
. Lower Carboniferous, Kinderhook Group: Le Grand, Iowa,
U.S.A. 8173.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A perfect crown.

Orophocrinus gracilis. Oocloniies gracilis, F. B. Meek & A. H.
Worthen, 1873, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, v, p. 467, pl. viii, f. 6.
Orqohocrinus gmoilis (‘Meek & Worthen): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1.886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 287.
Orophocrinus inﬁatus (G. B. Sowerby): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882: v. Orophocrinus verus. .
Orophocrinus inopinatus. Oodomltes inopinatus, R. R. Rowley &
S. J. Hare, July 1891, Kansas City Scientist, v, pp. 100, 118, pl. ii,
ff. 11, 12, & pl. iii, f. 17.
Orophocrinus orbignyanus. Pentremites orbigng/anus, L. G. de
Koninck, 1842, Descr. animaux foss. terr. carb. Belg. p. 37, pl. E,
ff. 4, or, b, o. Pentatrematites pailleti, C. F. Roemer, 1851 , Arch. N aturges.
xvii (i), p. 359 (non de Verneuil). Pentremites orbigng/anus, de Kon. :
L. G. de Koninck & H. Le Hon, 1854, Mém. Acad. Roy. Belg. xxviii (3),
p. 200, pl. vii, ff. 500-(Z. Orophocrjnus orbigng/m-zus (de Kon.): R.
Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix,
p. 252; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 287.
Orophoerinus pentangularis. Platycrimltes pentaozgularis, J. S.
Miller, 1821, N at. Hist. Crin. p. 83, pl. facing p. 81, bottom compartment,
ff. 2, 5, 6, 7. M izira depressa, G. Cumberland, 1826, Reliquiae Conservatae,
p. 32, pl. B [not A, as in text], f. 3. Pentatrematiies pentangularis
(Miller): G. B. Sowerby, 1834, Zool. Journ. v, p. 457, Suppl.-pl. xxxiii,
f. 7. Pentremitesloentcmgularis (“ Gilb.”): J. Phillips, 1836, Geol. Yorksh.
ii, p. 207. Pentremites loentan_gulam's, “ Gilb. Phillips,” and Dim0rphi-
crinuspentrrngulrzris (Miller) : A.D. d’Orbigny, 1849, Prodr. Pal. Strat. i,
1)
34 THE srnerns or mxsrornns
[Orophocrinus pentangularis, continued.]
p. 155. Pentremites “ pentagonalis, Sow.” : J. Morris, 1854, Cat. Brit.
Foss., 2nd Ed., p. 86. Pentrem/ites waterlzousimrus, L. G. de Koninck &
H. Le Hon, 1854, Mém. Acad. Roy. Belg. xxviii (3), p. 203, pl. vii,
ﬁ'. 6a—c. Pmtremites waterkousei, J. Rofe, 1865, Geol. Mag. (1) ii,
p. 250. Oro]9h00rz'nus Zoentcmgularis (Miller) & O. waterhousianus (De
Kon. & Le Hon) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 252. Orophocrinus (Pentrem'ites) praalongus (pars),
W. H. Baily, 1886, Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. (n. s.) v, p. 31, pl. i,
if. 2, 2a, 21> (non ff. 1, 1 a). Orolahocrinus jaentcmgularis (Miller):
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 229.
.Pentatrematites pentangularis (J. S. Miller): G. B. Sowerby, 1834,
Zool. J ourn. v, p. 457, Suppl.-pl. xxxiii, f. 7. Pentremites pent-
angularis (“Gilb.”): J. Phillips, 1836, Geol. Yorksh. ii, p. 207.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: [Probably from
Calamine mines near Whitewell in] Bolland, Lancashire, England.
[E. 843.] Gilbertson Coll., No. 76. A theca.
Oroplzocrinus pmz‘anguZam's (J. S. Miller) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Car-
penter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 90, 292, pl. xvii, f. 14.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Clitheroe, Lanca-
shire, England. [E. 1054.] Presented by J. Rofe. Micro-section
and the theca from which it was cut.
Orophocﬂnus pcntangularis (J. S. Miller): B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 11, 90, 292, pl. xv,
ff. 5, 6. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Clitheroe,
Lancashire, England. [E. 8080.] Presented by J. Rofe. An
imperfect theca.
Orophocrinus pentangularis (J. S. Miller): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 61, 292, pl. xv, f. 7.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Clitheroe, Lanca-
shire, England. [E. 8081.] Presented by J. Rofe. A theca.
Pentremftes waterhousianus, L. G. de Koninck & H. Le Hon, 1854, Mém.
Acad. Roy. Belg. xxviii (3), p. 203, pl. vii, ff. 6a—c. 111:. Oroph0-
crinus waterhousianus (De Kon. & Le Hon): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 252.
Orqohocrinus pentangularis (J. S. Miller) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 11, 16, 47, 90, 293,
pl. xv, if. 8, 9, 10, pl. xvi. if. 8, 9; also as Orophocrinus pent-
angularis (Miller), var. waterlzousrlanus (de Kon.), in explanation of
plates. Lower Carboniferous, Upper Carboniferous Shale: Tournay,
Belgium. 845.] De Koninck Coll. An abnormal theca.
. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Clitheroe,
Lancashire, England. [E. 844.] Presented by J. Rofe. Two
thecas.
Orophocrinus pentangularis (Miller), var. waterhousianus (De
Kon. & Le Hon): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886 : v. Or0ph0-
crinus pentangularis [E. 845].
WITH. LIST or srncmnns. 35
‘orophocrinus praelongus. Orophocrinus (Pentremites) prcelongu-s,
W. H. Baily, J an. 1886, Sci. Proc. R. Dublin Soc. (11. s.) v, p. 31, pl. i,
H. 1, 1 a (non ff. 2, 2a, 2b).
Orophocrinus (Pentremites)prae1ongus, W. H. Baily, 1886 (op.
cit. ult. ﬁ. 2, 2 a, 2 b) : v. Orophocrinus pentangularis.
Orophocrinus puzos. Pentremites puzos, G. von Miinster, 1839,
Beitrtige zur Petrefaktenkunde, Heft i, p. 1, pl. i, if. 5, a—cl. Pentatre-
matites lmzos (Miinster): C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. Naturges. xvii (i),
p. 356. Orophocrinus puzos (Miiuster): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 252 ; and 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 287.
Orophocrinus? sirius. Pentremites sirius, C. A. White, 1862, Proc.
Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. ix (2), p. 20, f. 3; and 1863, Boston Journ. Nat.
Hist. vii, p. 486. Orophocrinus ? ‘? sirius (White): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 287, footnote.
Orophocrinus stelliformis. Penz‘remites stelhlfoo~mis, D. D. Owen & B.
F. Shumard, 1850, Journ. Acad. N at. Sci. Philadelphia, (11. s.) ii, p. 67,
pl. vii, ff. 16 a, 6. Orophoorimts stellwfornzis (Owen & Shumard) : K. von
Seebach, March 1864, N achr. Ges. Wiss. Giittingen, 1864, p. 10. Uoclaster
stellzformis (Owen 8: Shumard) : B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci.
St. Louis, ii, p. 359. Oodonites stelliformz's (Owen & Shumard) : F. B.
Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1869, Proc. Acad. N at. Sci. Philadelphia,
‘1869, p. 84, footnote. Or0phoorinus steZZifornz.i.s~ (Owen & Shumard):
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5)
ix, p. 252 ; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 287 .
'Oro]97z0cri'nus stelliformis (Owen & Shumard) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H, Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 91, 287,
pl. xvii, f. 12. Lower Carboniferous, Lower Burlington Limestone:
Burlington, Iowa, U.S.A. [E. 1055.] Two micro-sections and the
two halves of the theca from which they were cut.
Lower Carboniferous, Lower Burlington Limestone : Burlington,
Iowa, U.S.A..
[E. 840.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. Five thecas, 2 ground on the top,
and 3 fragmentary.
[E. 841.] L. Saemann Coll. Two good thecas.
[E. 8172.] T. A. Worthen Coll. ex C. Wachsmuth Coll. One
rather small theca, and one larger in matrix.

Orophocrinus stelliformis, var. campanulatus. Ooclonites cam-
loanulatus, G. Hambach, 1884, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, iv, p. 553,
pl. D, ff. 8, 9. Orophocrinus stelliformis, var. camloanulatus (Hambach):
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, > Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 289.
Orophocrinus stellzlformis, var. campanulatus (Hambach): R. Etheridge
ﬁl. 82; P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 20, 289,
D2
36 THE srncms or BLABTOIDEA
[Orophocrinus stelliformis, var. campanulatus, continued.]
pl. xvi, f. 5. Lower Carboniferous, Lower Burlington Limestone :
Burlington, Iowa, U.S.A. [E. 842 a.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. One
theca.
. Lower Carboniferous, Lower Burlington Limestone: Burlington,
Iowa, U.S.A. [E. 842 b.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. One theca.

Orophocrinus verus. Mit-ra oera, G. Cumberland, 1826, Reliquim Con--
servatae, p. 31, pl. B [not A, as in text], if. 1, 2. Pentatrematites in_ﬂata,.
G. B. Sowerby, 1828, Zool. Journ. iv, p. 90; and 1834, Zool. Journ. v,
p. 457, Suppl.-pl. xxxiii, f. 2. Pentrenm'tes inflatus, “ Gilb.” : J. Phillips,
1836, Geol. Yorksh. ii, p. 207, pl. iii, ff. 1, 2, 3. Orqohocrinus inﬂrctus
(Sow.) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist.
(5) ix, p. 252. Oroplzocrinus 2/ems (Cumberland): R. Etheridge ﬁl.
& P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 290.
Pe/ntatrematﬂes z'nﬂata, G. B. Sowerby, 1828, Zool. Journ. iv, p. 90; and
1834, Zool. Journ. Suppl.-pl. xxxiii, f. 2 (upper ﬁg.). QC. Pentre-
mitcs inﬂatus, “ Gilb.”: J. Phillips, 1836, Geol. Yorksh. ii, p. 207,.
pl. iii, f. 3. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Cala-
mine mines of Duke of Buccleugh, near Whitwell, in Bolland, Lanca-
shire, England. 8138.] Gilbertson Coll. A the-ca.
Pentatrematites inﬂate, G. B. Sowerby, 1834, Zool. Journ. v, p. 457,
Suppl.-pl. xxxiii, f. 2 (lower ﬁg.). Pentremites injlatus, “Gilb.” :
J. Phillips, 1836, Geol. Yorksh. ii, p. 207 , pl. iii, f. 1. Ov~0ph0cm'-mas
oer/us (Cumberland) ; R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 11, 97, 291, pl. xv,‘ f. 3. Lower Car-
boniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Calamine mines of Duke
of Buccleugh, near Whitwell, in Bolland, Lancashire, England.
[E. 8139.] Gilbertson Cell. A theca.
P6-ntremﬁes 1:7?:ﬂCLttl8(SOW.)Z J. Rofe, 1865, Geol. Mag. (1) ii, p. 250,.
pl. viii, f. 9. Orophocrimw warns (Cumberland): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 46, 290,
pl. xvii, f. 13. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone :
Clitheroe, Lancashire, England. [E. 849.] Presented by J. Rofe.
A theca in two halves.
Orophocrimts verus (Cumberland): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 47, 290, pl. xv, f. 4. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Preston, Lancashire, Eng--
land. 847 .] Bean Cell. A theca.
Orojahocirinus oerus (Cumberland): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 97, 290, pl. xii, f. 9. Lower-
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Lancashire, England.
[E. 848.] A theca ground down from above.
Orophocrvlnus verus (Cumberland) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,.
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 11, 97, 286, 290, pl. xv, f. 1 ; and
[‘?] pl. xvi, f. 10. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone:
Whitwell, Bolland, Lancashire, England. [E. 8078.] Presented by
J. Rofe. A theca; if pl. xvi, f. 10 be, as the authors say, taken
from this specimen, then the ﬁgure is much restored.
wrrn LIST or SPECIMENS. 37
Oroplzocri/zu-: rams (Cumberland) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 97, 290, pl. xv, f. 2. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Whitwell, Bolland, Lanca-
shire, England. 8079.] Presented by J. Rofe. A theca.
. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Bolland, Lan-
cashire, England. [E. 82.] J . Morris Coll. Two crushed thecas.
. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Lancashire,
England. 285.] Egerton Coll. One theca.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Calamine mines
of Duke of Buccleugh, near Whitwell, in Bolland, Lancashire, Eng-
land. [E. 846.] Gilbertson Cell. A very large theca with imperfect
base, and a smaller, much worn theca.
. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Whitwell,
Bolland, Lancashire, England. 808.] Presented by J. Rofe.
Two thecas.


Qrophocrinus waterhousianus (de Kon. & Le Hon): R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882: v. Orophocrinus pentangularis.
Orophocrinus whitei. Codaster whitei, J. Hall, 1861, Boston Journ.
Nat. Hist. vii, p. 327. Coclaster? white-i (Hall): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 266. Coclonites com’-
ous, nom. nud., S. A. Miller, 1889, N. Amer. Geol. & Palaeont. p. 233.
Orophocrinus conicus, C. Wachsmuth & F. Springer, 1890, Rep. Geol.
Surv. Illinois, viii, p. 201, pl. xv, ﬁ. 1-3. Orophocrvlnus whitei (Hall):
R. P. Whitﬁeld, 1893, Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. i, p. 36, pl. iii,
ff. 25-28.
PENTATREMATITES, G. B. Sowerby, 1828, emendatio pro Pen-
tremites (q. v.).
Pentatrematites acuta, G. B. Sowerby, 1834: v. Phaenoschisma
acutum.
Pentatrematites angulatus, G. B. Sowerby, 1828: v. Mesoblastus
angulatus.
Pentatrematites campanulatus (McCoy): C. F. Roemer, 1851:
- v. Orbitremites campanulatus.
Pentatrematites crenulatus, C. F. Roemer, 1851 : v. Mesoblastus
' crenulatus.
Pentatrematites derbiensis (G. B. Sowerby): C. F. Roemer, 1851 :
v. Orbitremites derbiensis.
Pentatrematites eifeliensis, C. F. Roemer, 1855: v. Pentremitidea.
eifelensis.
38 THE srnoms or BLASTOIDEA
Pentatrematites ellipticus (G. B. Sow.): C. F. Roemer, 1851: v.
Orbitremites ellipticus.
Pentatrematites ﬂorealis (Schlotheim) : C. F. Roemer, 1851 : v.
Pentremites godoni.
Pentatrematites gracilis, J. Steininger, 1849 : v. Pentremitidea ?'
gracilis.
Pentatrematites granulatus, C. F. Roemer, 1851 : v. Orbitremites ?'
granulatus. '
Pentatrematites inﬂata, G. B. Sowerby, 1828: v. Orophocrinus
verus.
Pentatrematites obliquatus, C. F. Roemer, 1851: v. Tricoe1o-
crinus obliquatus.
Pentatrematites oblonga, G. B. Sowerby, 1828: v. Mesoblastifs
elongatus.
Pentatrematites orbicularis, G. B. Sowerby, 1834: v. Orbitre--
mites orbicularis.
Pentatrematites orbignyanus? , C. F. Roemer, 1.851 (non de-
Koninck): v. Phaenoschisma. caryophyllatum.
Pentatrematites ovalis (Goldfuss): C. F. Roemer, 1851: v. Pentre-
mites ? ovalis.
Pentatrematites pailleti (de Verneuil): C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch.
Naturges. xvii (i), p. 368, pl. vii, ff. 17 a-0: v. Pentremitidea
paillettei. -
Pentatrematites pailleti, C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. N aturges. xvii (i),
p. 369, “ aus dem devonischen Kalke der Eifel ” (non de Verneuil) :
v. Pentremitidea eifelensis.
Pentatrematites pailleti, C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. N aturges. xvii (i),
p. 359 (non pp. 368, 369, de Verneuil): v. Orophocrinus 0rbigny-
anus.
Pentatrematites pentangularis (J . S. Miller) : G. B. Sowerby, 1834 :
v. Orophocrinus pentangularis.
Pentatrematites planus, G. & F. Sandberger, 1856 : v. Pentremi-a
tidea plana. ' " '
Pentatrematites puzos (Miinster): C. F. Roemer, 1851 : v. Oropho-
crinus puzos. '
WITH LIST or srncmnns. 39
Pent-atrematites pyriformis (Say) : C. F. Roemer,1851 : v. Pentre-
mites piriformis. .
Pentatrematites reinwardtii (Troost): C. F. Roemer, 1851:
v. Troostocrinus reinwardtiu ,
Pentatrematites schultzii (d’Archiac & de Verneuil) : C. F. Roemer,
1851 : v. Cryptoschisma schulzi.
Pentatrematites sulcatus, C. F. Roemer, 1851: v. Pentremites
sulcatus.
PENTATREMITES, H. G. Bronn, 1860; occasionally used instead
of Pentremites (q. v.).
PENTEPHYLLUM, S. Haughton, 1859, Journ. Geol. Soc. Dublin,
viii, p. 183, pl. xxix. Type-species—-P. aclarmse.
Pentephylhm adarense, S. Haughton, 1859, Journ. Geol. Soc.
Dublin, viii, p. 183, pl. xxix. R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 296, pl. xvi, ff. 14-16.
. Two plaster-casts of the type-specimen. Lower Carboniferous,
Carboniferous Limestone: Adare, Limerick, Ireland. [E. 71.]

A PENTREMITE, T. Say, 1820: v. Pentremites.
Pentremite ﬂorealis (E. F. von Schlotheim): T. Say, 1825: v.
Pentremites godoni. .
Pentremite globosa, T. Say, 1825 : v. Pentremites ? globosus.
Pentremite, pyriformis, T. Say, 1825: v. Pentremites piri-
formis.
PENTREMITES. Pentre'2mIte, T. Say, 1820, Amer. Journ. Sci. ii,
p. 36; and 1825, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, iv, p. 292;
reprinted 1825, Zool. Journ. ii, p. 313. Pentremites (pars), G. B.
Sowerby, 1825, Zool. Journ. ii, p. 316. Pentatrematites (pars), G. B.
Sowerby, 1828, Zool. Journ. iv, p. 89. Pentatremitrs, H. G. Bronn,
1860, Klassen und Ordn. Thier-Reichs, ii, p. 189. Pentreimtes, Say:
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 150. Type-species——P. godoni.
Pentremites abbreviatus, G. Hambach, 1880: v. Pentremites
godoni, var. abbreviatus.
Pentremites acutangulus, L. Schultze, 1867 : v. Pentremitidea
acutangula.
Pentremites acutus, “ Gilb.”: J. Phillips, 1836: v. Phaenoschisma
acutum.
40 THE srnems or BLASTOIDEA
Pentremites angularis, S. S. Lyon, 1860, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
i, p. 631, pl. xx, E. 3 a-0. Pentremites angularis, Lyon : R. Etheridge ﬁl.
& P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 156.
—-—-. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Chester, Illinois, U.S.A.
[E. 8154.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Two thecas, one with peristomial
covering-plates.
Pentremites angulatus, “Gilb.”: J. Phillips, 1836: v. Meso-
blastus angulatus. _
Pentremites ? astraformis, nom. nud., T. & T. Austin, 1842, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) x, p. 111: v. Codaster trilobatus, var.
acutus.
Pentremites basilaris, G. Hambach, 1880, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. L6ii§,
iv, p. 159, pl. B, f. 9. Pentremites basilaris, Hambach : R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 166.
Pentremites bipyramidalis, J . Hall, 1858: v. Metablastus bi-
pyramidalis.
Pentremites bradleyi, F. B. Meek, 1873, 6th Ann. Rep. Geol. Surv.
Territories, for 1872, p. 470, and footnote.
Pentremites broadheadi, G. Hambach, 1880, Trans. Acad. Sci.
St. Louis, iv, p. 159, pl. B, f. 6.
Pentremites burlingtonensis, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1870,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1870, p. 33 ; and .1873, Rep. Geol.
Surv. Illinois, v, p. 461, pl. viii, f. 7. Pentremites burlinlr/tonensis, Meek
& Worthen: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 156. -
Pentremites gocloni (Defrance): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 103, 157, pl. i, f. 11. Lower
Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone: Burlington, Iowa,
U.S.A. 762.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. A theca identiﬁed as
P. burlingtonensis by C. Wachsmuth, who held the type-specimen.
It was registered and labelled as P. bm~Zz'ngtonensis by one of the
authors of the “ Catalogue.” It comes from the horizon of P. bm~Zing-
tonensis, a horizon from which P. _(/ocloni has not yet been recorded.
And it agrees with the diagnosis of P. b?.t7‘Z?:7Z"(/tO7Z67’L8’L.8.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone : Burlington,
Iowa, U.S.A. [E. 763.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. A theca which,
though purchased in August 1874, was not catalogued by R.
Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886.

Pentremites ? calyce. Pentremites calyce, J . Hall, 1862, 15th Rep.
State Cab. Nat. Hist. N. Y. p. 150. “ Genus indet.,” R. Etheridge ﬁl.
& P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 138.
WITH LIST or srncrnrms. 41
Pentremites calycinus, S. S. Lyon, 1860, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
i, p. 628, pl. xx, ff. 1 (6-0 (see under Pent?-eam'tes elegans ‘?, E. 8159 & ‘
E. 8160).
Pentremites campanulatus, F. McCoy, 1849: v. Orbitremites
campanulatus.
Pentremites carioides, D. D. Owen, 1843, Cat. Geol. Spec. Ohio
Valley, ﬁcle B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 369,
who made it syn. of Elocacrinus [=Nucleocrz'mcs] verneuz'Zi.-
Pentremites caryophyllatus, L. G. de Koninck dz H. Le Hon, 1854:
v. Phaenoschisma caryophyllatum.
Pentremites cervinus, J . Hall, 1858, Rep. Geol. Surv. Iowa, i (2),
p. 690, pl. xxv, ff. 11 a, b. Pent:-emétes cervinus, Hall: R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 166.
Pentremites cherokeus, nom. nud., G. Troost, 1850, Proc. Amer.
Assoc. 1849, p. 60. Considered a syn. of P. sulcatus, Roemer: J. Hall,
1858, Rep. Geol. Surv. Iowa, i (2), p. 691, pl. xxv, ff. 12 (L, b; and B. F.
Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 385 ; but correctness of
this identiﬁcation doubted by R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1.886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 166.
Pentremites chesterensis. Pentremites chesterz'ensz's, G. Hambach,
1880, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, iv, p. 158, pl. B, f. 8. Pentremites
chesteriensis, Hambach : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 144.
Pentremites clavatus, G. Hambach, 1880, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
iv, p. 157, pl. B, f. 5 (non Schultze, 1867). T1-'00st0cri)-ms? claoatus
(Hambach): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 249. Pentremites clavatus, Hambach : R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 199.
Pentremites clavatus, L. Schultze, 1867: v. Pentremitidea
clavata.
Pentremites conoideus, J. Hall, 1856, Trans. Albany Inst. iv, p. 5 ;
and 1858, Rep. Geol. Surv. Iowa, i (2), p. 655, pl. xxii, ff. 8-10. Pentre-
mites lcom'nclmn.a, J. Hall, 1856, Trans. Albany Inst. iv, p. 4 ; and 1858,
Rep. Geol. Surv. Iowa, i (2), p. 656, pl. xxii, ff. 11 a-c. Pentremites
sulcatus, K. A. Zittel (non Roemer), 1879, Handb. d. Palzeont. i, p. 432,
f. 305 a. Pentremites conoiclem, Hall (including P. lcomlnclcana) :
R. P. Whitﬁeld, 1882, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. i (3), p. 44.
Pentremites conoicleus and var. lconinclca-nus, Hall: R. Etheridge ﬁl.
.& P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 162.
Pentremites conoicleus, Hall: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 46, 162, pl. xviii, f. 6. Lower
42 THE srncrns or BLASTOIDEA
[Pentremites conoideus, continued.]
Carboniferous, St. Louis Group, Warsaw Limestone: Spergen Hill,
Indiana, U.S.A. [E. 1056 a.] Micro-section showing hydrospires.
Pentremites conoideus, Hall : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,.
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 163, pl. ii, f. 16. Lower Carboniferous,
St. Louis Group, \Varsaw Limestone: Spergen Hill, Indiana, U.S.A.
[E. 8112.] One theca. -
Pentremites conoidrus, Hall : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,.
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 95, 162, pl. iii, f. 4. Lower Car-
boniferous, St. Louis Group, Warsaw Limestone: Spergen Hill,
Indiana, U.S.A. 8113.] Theca with wall partly broken away.
Pmtremites conoicleus, Hall : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 95, 162, pl. iii, ﬁ'. 5 St 6. Lower
Carboniferous, St. Louis Group, VVarsaw Limestone: Spergen Hill,
Indiana, U.S.A. [E. 8114.] A radial showing hydrospires.
Pentremites conoicleus, Hall: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 163, pl. ii, f. 17 . Lower Carboniferous,
St. Louis Group, Warsaw Limestone : Spergen Hill, Indiana, U.S.A.
[E. 8115.] A theca.
Pe-ntremites oonoideus, Hall, var. 7t0ninckcmus, Hall: R. Etheridge ﬁl.
& P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 163,‘pl. ii,
ff. 18, 19, 21, 22, 23. Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis Group, Warsaw
Limestone: Spergen Hill, Indiana, U.S.A. [E. 8116.] Five thecas,
said to be the ﬁgured specimens; if so, the ﬁgures are slightly larger
than natural size.
Pentremites conoideus, Hall, var. koninckctnus, Hall : R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 94, 95, pl. iii,
ff. 7, 8, 9. Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis Group, Warsaw Lime-
stone: Spergen Hill, Indiana, U.S.A. [E. 8117.] A theca in three
fragments, showing interior.
Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis Group, Warsaw Limestone:
Spergen Hill, Indiana, U.S.A. '
[E. 773.] Fourteen thecas, some cut across, and three radials
showing hydrospires.
[E. 774.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. Twenty-nine thecas in chert,
many of them hollow.
[E. 1056, 6.] Micro-section showing hydrospires.
[E. 1056, 0.] Transverse micro-section of theca.
. Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis Group, Warsaw Limestone:
Salem, Indiana, U.S.A. [E. 7994.] C. S. Beachler Coll.; presented
by F. A. Bather. Four thecas.
. Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis Group, Warsaw Limestone :
Monroe Co., Illinois, U.S.A. 8165.] T. A. Worthen ‘Coll.
Three thecas. .
—. Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis Group, Warsaw Limestone :
Spergen Hill, Indiana, U.S.A.
[E. 77 5.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. Eighty-two thecas in chert, many
hollow ; including several young (=var. koninclcanus).
[E. 7 76.] Twelve young thecas (=var. koninclcanus).
[E. 777 Thirty-two young thecas (=var. koninckanus).


WITH msr on srncmsns. 43
Pentremites Iconoideus, J. Hall, var. koninckanus, J. Hall:
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886: v. Pentremitel
conoideus.
Pentremites cornutus, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1860: v.
Heteroblastus? cornutus. .
Pentremites crenulatus (C. F. Roemer): L. G. de Koninck &
H. Le Hon, 1854 : v. Mesoblastus crenulatus.
Pentremites curtus, B. F. Shumard, 1855: v. Orbitremites ‘P
curtus.
Pentremites ? decussatus. Pentremites decussatus, B. F. Shumard,
1858, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, i, p. 242, pl. ix, ﬁ. 6a,b ; and
1866, op. cit. ii, p. 383. “Genus indet'.”: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 143.
Pentremites derbiensis, G. B. Sowerby, 1825: v. Orbitremites
derbiensis.
Pentremites dutertrii, errore pro Pentremites paillettei, C. F. Roemer,
1851 : v. Pentremitidea paillettei.
Pentremites eifeliensis, C. F. Roemer: L. Schultze, 1867: v.
Pentremitidea eifelensis. I
Pentremites eifeliensis (pars), L. Schu1tze,1867 (non Roemer): v.
Pentremitidea roemeri.
Pentremites elegans, S. S. Lyon, 1860', Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
i, p. 632, pl. xx, if. 4 a-c. Pentremites elegans, Lyon : R. Etheridge ﬁl.
& P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 156, & ?pl. v,
f. 27.
Pentremites Zoyrvlformis, T. Say: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 60, 167, pl. i, f. 3. Lower
Carboniferous, Chester Group: Alabama, U.S.A. [7 5972.] A theca.
Pmtremites pyrifornzis, T. Say: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 12, 168, pl. ii, f. 26. Lower
Carboniferous, Chester Group: (? Huntsville, Alabama) U.S. A. -
[E. 8106.] A theca, handed over by the authors as the ﬁgured
specimen. ‘
Pentremites pyriformis, T. Say: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 12, 168, pl. ii, f. 27. Lower
Carboniferous, Chester Group: (? Huntsville, Alabama) U.S.A.
[E. 8107.] A theca, handed over by the authors as the ﬁgured
specimen. -
Penta_~e-mz'tes pyrzformis, T. Say: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 12, 168, pl. ii, f. 29. Lower
Carboniferous, Chester Group: (? Huntsville, Alabama) U.S.A.
44 THE srncms or BLASTOIDEA.
[Pentremites elegans, continued.]
[E. 8109.] A theca, handed over by the authors as the ﬁgured
specimen. Probably young of P. elegans.
. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group : Prairie du Long, Illinois,
U.S.A. [E. 7 67.] A theca.
-——. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Chester, Illinois, U.S.A.
[E. 8150.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Thecas, one large and three of
medium size.
. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group, Monroe Co., Illinois, U.S.A.
[E. 8151.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Three thecas, small, medium,
and large.
[E. 8152.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Specimen complete all but the
root.
-——. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group : ?Kentucky, U. S.A.
[E. 8184.] Two thecas.
—— ? Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group : Chester, Hllinois, U.S.A.
[E. 8159] A rather large theca, and [E. 8160] a small theca.
Both T. A. Worthen Cell. and labelled by A. H. Worthen as Pentre-
mites calycinus, Lyon ; but they do not quite agree with the descrip-
tion, and that species is perhaps not valid.


Pentremites elliptica, G. B. Sowerby, 1825: v. Orbitremites
ellipticus.
Pentremites elongatus, B. F. Shumard, 1855, 1st & 2nd Rep. Geol.
Missouri, pt. 2, p. 187, pl. B, f.4. Pentremites elongatus, Shumard:
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 161.
Pentremites clongatus, Shumard : “ example . . . . in which the spiracles
are single,” R. Etheridge ﬁl. 8t P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 161. Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Lime-
stone: Burlington, Iowa, U.S.A. [E. 81.20.] L. Saemann Coll.
Theca cut transversely in two.
. Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone: Burlington,
Iowa, U.S.A.
[46205.] L. Saemann Coll. Three good thecas.
[75496.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. Eleven thecas, rather weathered,
and some ground on top.
[E. 8166.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Two well-preserved thecas.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone (Chert) :
Louisiana, Missouri, U.S.A. 8006.] R. R. Rowley Coll. Two
rather weathered thecas.


Pentremites elongatus, Shumard: var. 1, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 15, 162, pl. ii, f. 14.
Q2 Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone: Burlington,
Iowa, U.S.A. 8121.] L. Saemann Cell. A theca, type of var.
Pentremites elongatus, Shumard : var. 2, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 101, 162, pl. i, f. 5, &
pl. ii, f. 15. H. Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone:
WITH LIST or srncnunns. 45
Burlington, Iowa, U.S.A. [E. 8122.] L. Saemann Coll. A theca,
type of var.
Pentremites ﬂorealis (E. F. von Schlotheim) : G. B. Sowerby, 1825, '
and G. A. Goldfuss, 1836: v. Pentremites godoni, and Pentre-
mites godoni, var. ﬂorealis.
Pentremites fraiponti, J . Fraipont, 1884: v. Pentremitidea
fraiponti.
Pentremites gemmiformis, G. Hambach, 1884, Trans. Acad. Sci.
St. Louis, iv, p. 553, pl. D, f. 5. Pentremites germm'formis, Hambach :
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.-
p. 199. ‘
Pentremites ? globosus. Pentremite globosa, T. Say, 1825, Journ..
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia (1) iv, p. 293; and Zool. Journ. ii, p. 314.
G7'a’_n6lt067”7:9?.’Lt8 [= Orbitremites] vel Elceacrimts [=Nucleocrinus] globosus
(Say): B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 386,
footnote. ?Syn. of Acentrotremites elZ2'-pticus (Cumberland): R. Ethe-
ridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 158,
237.
Pentremites globosus, G. Troost MS. in J. Hall, 1858 (non Say):
v. Pentremites troosti.
Pentremites godoni. “ An asterial fossil from [Kentucky] America,
probably of the nature of the Encrinus,” J . Parkinson, 1808, Organic
Remains, ii, p. 235, pl. xiii, H. 36, 37. “ Echinus species, Kentucky,” S.
L. Mitchill, 1808, Medical Repository, New York, xi, pp. 415, 416, ﬁ'. B,
C. “Asterite from Kentucky,” S. L. Mitchill, 1818, in Cuvier’s Theory
of the Earth, Ed. New York, pl. viii, f. 6 ; also “ Echinus of the family
galerite,” op. cit. p. 363. Encrina godonii, J. L. M. Defranee, 1819,
Diet. Sci. Nat. xiv, p. 467. Encrim'tes ﬂorea-Z2's, E. F. von Schlotheim,
1820, Petrefactenkunde, p. 339. Pentremafte ﬁorealis (Schlotheim) :
T. Say, 1825, Journ. Acad. N at. Sci. Philadelphia (1) iv, p. 295; and
Zool. Journ. ii, p. 314. Pentrenrhes ﬂorealis (Schlotheim): G. B.
Sowerby, 1825, Zool. Journ. ii, p. 320, pl. xi, f. 2 (3 ﬁgs.); and S. L.
Mitchill, 1826, Cat. Org. Rem. N .Y. Lyceum N at. Hist. p. 40; and
G. A. Goldfuss, 1826, Petrefacta Germaniae, i, p. 161, pl. 1, ff. 2 a—c.
Mitr-ca rzigoso, quinque perforata, G. Cumberland, 1826, Reliquiae Con-
servataa, p. 34, pl. A (non B), if. 1-3 (at top of plate). Pentatrematites
jlorealis (Schlotheim): C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. N aturges. xvii (i),
p. 353, pl. iv, ﬁ'. 1-4, pl. v, f. 8. Pmtremites _(/odomli (Defrance): B. F.
Shumard, 1858, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, i, p.245. Pent-remites
godoml (Defrance) et ﬂorealis (Schlotheim): S. S. Lyon & S. A. Casseday,
1860, Proc. Amer. Acad. iv, p. 296. Pentremites godoni (Defrance)
cum varr. major, ﬂorealis et abbreviatus (qq. v.): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 157-160.
46 THE srncms or BLASTOIDEA
Pentremites godoni (Defrance): var. No. 2 (species proper), R.
Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 159, pl. ii, f. 3. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Huntsville,
Alabama, U.S.A. [E. 8119.] A theca.
. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Alleghanies, U.S.A.
[75973.] Pearson Coll. Fifteen thecas, of which all except two
are on matrix.
-—--. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group?: Kentucky, U.S.A.
[E. 81.] J. Morris Coll. Three thecas.
-——. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Huntsville, Alabama,
U.S.A.
[E. 743.] Nine thecas in chert.
[75963] W. Cunnington Coll. A small piece of Pentremit-al
Limestone, with remains of four specimens of this species and
of P. ‘.7 2.)im;formis.
-——. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Original label says
“ Coleonda,” probably should be Golconda, Pope Co., Illi11ois, U.S.A.
[E. 744.] Transferred from Museum of Practical G-eology. Five
thecas on matrix.
Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group : Floyd Co.,Georgia, U.S.A.
[E. 7 45.] Presented by J . Rofe. Three weathered thecas, showing
structure, and eleven transsected thecas.
Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group : Leipzig, Pope Co., Illinois,


U.S.A. 746.] W. Cunnington Coll. A slab of matrix, “ Pen- ’
tremital Limestone,” with about 8 thecas showing.
. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Chester, Illinois, U.S.A.
[E. 747.] C. Wachsmuth Cell. A theca showing cross-sections
of the hydrospires.
[E. 755.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. A theca, cut and polished at the
to .
--—-. Lldwer Carboniferous, Chester Group ? : Warsaw, Illinois, U.S.A.
[E. 1138.] Presented by J. E. Lee. Two poor thecas.
. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group : Bowling Green, Ken-
tucky, U.S.A. [E. 7 993.] Presented by Hugh Kimbley. Eighteen
perfect thecas.
. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group ?: U.S.A. [E. 7999.]
J. Grenfell Cell. A theca.
——-. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Henry Co., Indiana,
U.S.A. [E. 8008.] Presented by B. B. Woodward. A well-pre-
served theca.
Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Franklin Co., Tennessee,
U.S.A.
[E. 8142.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A large theca.
[E. 8143.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A theca of medium size, nearly
perfect. -
, var. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Middle Tennessee,
U.S.A. 749.] A theca.
, var. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group : Mt. Suno, Alabama,
U.S.A. [E. 7 50.] G. Sowerby Coll. Two thecas, one free, one on
matrix.


W1TH L1sT or srnonunns. 47

, var. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Franklin Co., Ten-
nessee, U.S.A. 8127.] Presented by T. Rupert Jones. Ten
thecas, of which four are transsected.
Pentremites godoni (Defrance): var. No. 5, R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P.'H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 159, pl. ii, f. 6.
-——. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group'?: U.S.A. 7998.]
J. G. Grenfell Coll. A theca.
Pentremites godoni (Defrance): var. No. 6, R._ Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 159.
Perdremites gocloni (Defrance): var. No. 6, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 159, pl. ii, f. 5.
611. Lower Carboniferous: U.S.A. [E. 946.] A rather worn theca,
type of var.
Pentremites godoni (Defrance): var. N0. 7, R. Etheridge‘ ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 159.
Pentr-e*2m'tes god0m' (Defrance): var. N 0. 7, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 159, pl. ii, f. 7.
QB. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Kentucky, U.S.A. 752.]
W. Cunnington Cell. A theca, type of var.
Pentremites godoni (Defrance), var. abbreviatus. Pentre-mites
abbreviatus, G. Hambach, 1880, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, iv, p. 155,
pl. B,_f. 3. Pentremites godoni, var. N o. 4 (=abbrem'atus, Hambach),
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
pp.159,160.
Pentremitrs godoni (Defrance), var. aZ>brem'atus, Hambach : R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 160, pl. ii,
f. 4. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Chester, Illinois, U.S.A.
[E. 669.] Presented by.P. H. Carpenter. A theca.
, . Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Prairie du Long,
Illinois, U.S.A.. [E. 751.] A theca.
—-, . Lower Carboniferous, ‘? Chester Group: U.S.A. [E. 7997.]
J. G. Grenfell Coll. Two thecas.


Pentremites godoni, var. ﬂorealis. “ Asterial Fossil, &c.,” J. Park-
inson, 1808, Organic Remains, ii, p. 235, pl. xiii, ff. 36, 37 . Errors’-
mltes ﬂorealis, E. F. von Schlotheim, 1820, Petrefactenkunde, p. 339.
Pentremites ﬂo-real/is (Schlotheim), G. A. Goldfuss, 1836, Petrefacta
Germaniae, i, p. 161, pl. l, H. 2a-o. 'Pem‘remites _r/ocloni (Defrance),
var. 3, vel var. florealis (Schlotheim): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Car-
penter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 159, 160.
Pentremites gocloni (Defrance), var. ﬁorealis (Schlotheim): R. Ethe-
ridge ﬁl. 82; P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 159,
160, pl. ii, f. 2. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Huntsville,
Alabama, U.S.A. , [E. 8118.] A theca.
48 THE SPECIES on BLASTOIDEA
[Pentremites godoni, var. ﬂorealis, continued.]
, . Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Huntsville, Ala-
bama, U.S.A.

[E. 748.] Transferred from Museum of Practical Geology. Five
thecas.
[E. 1228.] Presented by J . E. Lee. Two thecas.
, . Lower Carboniferous, ? Chester Group: U.S.A. [E. 7 996.]
J . G. Grenfell Coll. A theca.

Pentremites godoni, var. major. Pentremites gorloni (Defrance) :'
var. N 0. 1, vel var. major: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,.
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 159, 160.
Pentremites gooloni (Defrance): var. major, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.l p. 160, pl. ii, f. 1. 91:.
Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Franklin Co., Tennessee,
U.S.A. [E. 321.] Presented by T. Rupert Jones. A theca, type
of var.
Pentremvltes godoni (Defrance): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 101, 157 , pl. xii, f. 17. Lower
Carboniferous: “ Alabama” ['?], U.S.A. 772.] Theca, with
summit ground. Certainly var. major, though not so identiﬁed by Q
E.&C.

, . Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group : Franklin Co., Ten-
nessee, U.S.A. [E. 7 53.] Presented by T. Rupert Jones, Two thecas.
Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group : Mt. Sun 0, Alabama,.
U.S.A. [E. 754.] G. Sowerby Coll. Two thecas, one ground on
top.

Pentremites godoni, pars, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886
(non Defrance): v. Pentremites burlingtonensis [E. 7 62].
Pentremites granulatus, C. F. Roemer, 1851 (sub Peatatrematites) :
v. Orbitremites ? granulatus.
Pentremites (Granatocrinus) granulosus, F. B. Meek & A. H.
Worthen, 1865: v. Schizoblastus? granulosus.
Pentremites grosvenori, B. F. Shumard, 1858 : v. Troostocrinus ?'
grosvenori.
Pentremites hemisphericus, G. Hambach, 1880, Trans. Acad. Sci.
St. Louis, iv, p. 157, pl. B, f. 7. Pentremites hemisphericw, Hambach :
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 156, pl. xvi, f. 21.
Pentremites inﬂatus, “ Gilb.” : J . Phillips, 1836 : v. Orophocrinus
verus.
Pentremites inﬂatus ?, L. G. De Koninck, 1842 (non G. B. Sowerby) :
v. Phaenoschisma. caryophyllatum.
WITH LIST or srncmnns. 49
Pentremites kentuckyensis, B. F. Shumard, 1858: v. Phae‘no-
schisma ? kentuckyense.
Pentremites koninckana, J . Hall, 1856: v. Pentremites con-
oideus.
Pentremites laterniformis, D. D. Owen & B. F. Shumard, 1850:
v. Tricoelocrinus ? laterniformis.
Pentremites leda, J . Hall, 1862: v. Pentremitidea? leda.
Pentremites lineatus, B. F. Shumard, 1858: v. Metablastus
lineatus.
Pentremites longicostalis, J. Hall, 1859, Rep. Geol. Surv. Iowa, i,
Supplement, p. 85.
Pentremites lotoblastus (C. A. White): B. Etheridge ﬁ1.& P. H.
Carpenter, 1882: V. Orbitremites? lotoblastus.
Pentremites lycorias, J . Hall, 1862, 15th Rep. State Cab. N at. Hist.
N .Y. p. 151. Pentremites Zicorias, Hall: B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans.
Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 385. “Genus indet.,” R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 138.
Pentremites maia, J . Hall, 1862: v. Pentremitidea leda, var.
maia.
Pentremites melo, D. D. Owen & B. F. Shumard, 1850: v. Crypto-
blastus melo.
Pentremites melo, var. projectus, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen,
1861 : v. Cryptoblastus ? projectus.
Pentremites missouriensis (B. F. Shumard): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 223; errore pro
Granatocrinus mz'ssow~z'-ensis: v. Schizoblastus ? missouriensis.
Pentremites missouriensis, G. C. Swallow, 1863, Trans. Acad. Sci.
St. Louis, ii, p. 8] . Pentremites missouriensis, Swallow: R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 144. Syn. of
Pentremétes sulcatus, Roemer: C. R. Keyes, 1894, Rep. Geol. Surv.
Missouri, iv, p. 135. ‘
Pentremites nodosus, G. Hambach, 1880, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
iv, p. 155, pl. B, f. 2. Pentremites noclosus, Hambach: R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 144.
Pentremites norwoodi, D. D. Owen & B. F. Shumard, 1850:
v. Orbitremites norwoodi.
E
50 THE srnoms on BLASTOIDEA
Pentremites obesus, S. S. Lyon, 1857 , Rep. Geol. Surv. Kentucky,
iii, p. 469, pl. ii, if. 1, 1 a—e. Pantremites obesus, Lyon : R. Etheridge ﬁl.
& P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 167.
Pentremites obesus, S. S. Lyon: B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 167. Lower Carboniferous,
Horizon unknown: U.S.A. 756.] A rather battered theca.
Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group : Pope Co., Illinois, U.S.A.
[E. 8140.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A slightly crushed theca.
[E. 8141.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Theca devoid of basals and
much crushed.

Pentremites obliquatus (C. F. Roemer, 1851, as Pentatrematites):
F. Dujardin & H. Hupé, 1862 : v. Tricoelocrinus obliquatus.
Pentremites oblongus, “ Gilb.”: J. Phillips, 1836: v. Mesoblastus
elongatus.
Pentremites occidentalis, B. F. Shumard MS. (ﬁde C. F. Roemer,
1851) : v. Tricoelocrinus obliquatus.
Pentremites orbicularis, “ Gilb.”: J. Phillips, 1836: v. Orbi-
tremites orbicularis.
Pentremites orbignyanus, L. G. de Koninck, 1842: v. Oropho-
crinus orbignyanus. .
Pentr'emites ? ovalis. Pentremites ovalis, G. A. Goldfuss, Petrefacta
Germaniae, 1826, i, p. 161, pl. 1, ff. 1a—c. Pentatre-matites ovalis,
Goldfuss: C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. N aturges. xvii (i), p. 355. Pm-
tremites‘? ovalis, Goldfuss: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 156.
“ Pentremites ovalis Say in Silliman Americ. Journ. 36,” erroneous
reference by C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. Naturges. xvii (i), p. 355.
Pentremites ovalis, J. Phillips, 1841: v. Pentremitidea phillipsi.
Pentremites ? ovalis. Pentremites ovalis, D. D. Owen, 1843, Catal.
Geol. Specimens Ohio Valley, N o. 251.
Pentremites pailletti, P. E. P. de Verneuil, 1844: v. Pentremi.
tidea paillettei.
Pentremites pentagonalis, E. Forbes, 1848, Mem. Geol. Surv. Gt.
Brit. ii. (2), p. 259, f. a. Referred by O. F. Roemer, 1851, to Coclaster
acutus (q. v.).
Pentremites pentagonalis, J . Morris, 1854: v. Orophocrinus
pentangularis.
WITH LIST or srncrnnns. 51
Pentremites pentangularis, “ Gilb.”: J. Phillips, 1836: v. Ora-
phocrinus pentangularis.
"Pentremites piriformis ?, v. Pentremites godoni, var. o. 2
[7 5963].
Pentremites piriformis. Pentremite pg/r1Z;"0rmis, T. Say, 1825,
Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia (1) iv, p. 294; and Zool. Journ.
ii, p. 314. Pentatrematc'tes pg/mlformis, Say: C. F. Roemer, 1851,
Arch. Naturges. xvii (i), p. 354, pl. v, if. 9 a—c. Pentremites pyri-
formis, Say : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 167 ; they include Pentremites symmetricus, J . Hall, 1858,
Rep. Geol. Surv. Iowa, i (2), p. 694, pl. xxv, f. 14.
Pentremites Zoyriformz's, T. Say: B.. Etheridge ﬁl. 8: P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 60, 167, pl. i, f. 1. Lower
Carboniferous, Chester Group: Kentucky, U.S.A. [E. 8097.] W.
Cunnington Coll. A theca.
Pentremites pyriformis, T. Say: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 12, 168, pl. ii, f. 25. Lower
Carboniferous, Chester Group: (? Huntsville, Alabama) U.S.A.
[E. 8105.] A theca, handed over by the authors as the ﬁgured
specimen. ‘
.Pentremites pg/riforonis, T. Say: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 12, 168, pl. ii, f. 28. Lower
Carboniferous, Chester Group: (? Huntsville, Alabama) U.S.A.
[E. 8108.] A theca, handed over by the authors as the ﬁgured
spec1men.
Pentremites loyriformis, T. Say: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 12, 168, pl. ii, f. 30. Lower
Carboniferous, Chester Group: (‘.7 Huntsville, Alabama) U.S.A.
[E. 8110.] A theca handed over by the authors as the ﬁgured
specimen.
Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Huntsville, Alabama,
U.S.A. ‘
[E. 764.] Two weathered thecas on matrix.
[E. 766.] A theca.
-——. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Alabama, U.S.A.
[E. 8129.] Presented by J. N. Pearson. Two thecas, much
weathered. '
Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Chester, Illinois,


U.S.A.
[E. 7 65.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. Seven cut and polished thecal
fragments.
[E. 8149.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Two thecas of typical form.
[E. 8185.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Four-rayed theca, imperfect
above.
---—-. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Alleghanies, U.S.A.
[E. 7 68.] Presented by J. N. Pearson. Three thecas on matrix.
B 2
52 THE srncrns or masrornna
[Pentremites piriformis, continued.]
. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Cumberland Mt.,
Tennessee, U.S.A. [E. 7 69.] G. Sowerby Coll. A rather im-
perfect theca.
-—--. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Bowling Green, Ken-
tucky, U.S.A. 7992.] Presented by Hugh Kimbley. Two
well-preserved thecas. _
-. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: (? Kentucky) U.S.A.
[E. 8128.] Two rather weathered thecas. '
--. Lower Carboniferous, (‘Z Chester Group): U.S.A.
[E. 7 70.] Presented by J . N. Pearson. A weathered theca with
adherent matrix.
[E. 7 995.] J. Grenfell Coll. A good little theca.
, var. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group : Chester and Pope
Cos., Illinois, U.S.A. [E. 8170.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Three thecas
intermediate between typical P. layriformis and var. symmetricus.


Pentremites piriformis, ‘ var. symmetricus. Pentream'tes sym-
metricus, J. Hall, 1858, Rep. Geol. Surv. Iowa, i (2) p. 694, pl. xxv,
f. 14. Pentremites pyrif0rmz's, Say, var. symmetricus, Hall: R. Ethe-
ridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 168,
pl. ii, f. 24.
Pentremites pg/riformis, T. Say, var. sg/mmetrdcus, J. Hall : R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 12, 168,
pl. ii, f. 24. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group : U.S.A.
[E. 8111.] A theca handed over by the authors as the ﬁgured
specimen.

, . Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Huntsville,
Alabama, U.S.A. [75964.] Presented by J. N. Pearson. Three
thecas.

, . Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Kentucky, U.S.A.
[E. 771.] Two rather weathered thecas, one ground on top. .
—, ——-. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Chester, Illinois,
' U.S.A.
[E. 8146.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A small theca.
[E. 8147.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A medium-sized theca, with
swollen basals.
[E. 8148.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A large well-preserved theca.
Pentremites potteri, G. Hambach, 1.880: v. Schizoblastus
sayi.
Pentremites praelongus, W. H. Baily, 1886: v. Orophocrinus
praelongus et 0. pentangularis.
Pentremites projectus (as var. of P. melo), F. B. Meek & A. H.
Worthen, 1861 : v. Cryptoblastus projectus.
Pentremites puzos, G. von Miinster, 1839: v. Orophocrinus
puzos.
wrrn msr or srnonunns. 53
Pentremites pyriformis, Say, 1825: v. Pentremites piriformis.
Pentremites pyriformis, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
. pars (non Say) : v. Pentremites elegans [7 5972, E. 8106,
E. 8107, E. 8109].
Pentremites reinwardtii, G. Troost, 1835: v. Troostocrinus
reinwardti.
Pentremites robustus, S. S. Lyon, 1860, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
i, p. 629, pl. xx, ff. 2a—c. Pentremites ro/mstus, Lyon: R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 156.
Pentremites robustus, S. S. Lyon: F. A. Bather, 1899, in Lankester’s
Zoology, Cap. Blastoidea, f. xv, 1. Lower Carboniferous: Chester
Group: Chester, Illinois, U.S.A. [E. 8145.] T. A. Worthen Coll.
-_ A well-preserved theca.
—. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Chester, Illinois, U.S.A.
[E. 8153.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Four slightly weathered thecas.
[E. 8157.] T. A. Worthen Coll. One large theca.
‘ ——-— ‘? Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Alleghanies, U.S.A.
[E. 759.] Presented by J. N. Pearson. A theca.
Pentremites roemeri, B. F. Shumard, 1855: v. Orbitremites?
roemeri et Schizoblastus missouriensis.
Pentremites sampsoni, G. Hambach, 1884: v. Schizoblastus
sampsoni.
Pentremites sayi, B. F. Shumard, 1855: v. Schizoblastus sayi.
Pentremites schultzii, E. J. A. d’Archiac & P. E. P. de Verneuil,
' 1845: v. Cryptoschisma schulzi.
Pentremites sirius, C. A. White, 1862 : v. Orophocrinus sirius.
Pentremites spinosus, G. Hambach, 1880, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
iv, p. 154, pl. B, f. 1. Perztrenzites spinosus, Hambach: R. Etheridge
‘ ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 145.
Pentremites stelliformis, D. D. Owen & B. F. Shumard, 1850:
' v. Orophocrinus stelliformis. .
Pentremites ? striatus. Pentremz'tes striatus, J. Hall, 1858, Rep.
‘ Geol. Surv. Iowa, i(2), p. 485 (compared to P. subtrmzcatus [=Codaster]
& P. reinwcz-rclti '[= Troostocrinus]). “ [Pentremc'tes] striatus, Hall, MS. ,’ ’
. R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 138.
Pentremites subconoideus, F. B. Meek, 1873, 6th Ann. Rep. U.S.
Geol. Surv. Territ. for 187 2, p. 471, footnote.
54 THE srncms or BLASTOIDEA
' Pentremites subcylindricus, J. Hall & R. P. Whitﬁeld, 1875 :
v. Metablastus ? subcylindricus.
Pentremites subtruncatus, J. Hall, 1858 : v. Codaster ? subtrun-
catus.
Pentremites sulcatus. Pentcttrematites sulcatm, C. F. Roemer, 1851,.
Arch. Naturges. xvii (i), p. 354, pl. vi, if. 10 a—c. Pentremites sulcatus,
Roemer: B. F. Shumard, 1886, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 385..
Said by J. Hall & B. F. Shumard to include Pentremites cherolceus (q. v.)-
Peaztrelrv-rites suZcat'u..s-, Roemer: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P; H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 165. Perhaps includes Pcnt1~emc'te.s*
missouriensis, Swallow (q. v.).
Pe'nt1~e1m'.tes sulcatus, C. F. Roemer: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 61, 101, 165, pl. i, E. 9, 10-
Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Chester, Illinois, U.S.A. 8098.] A theca.
Pentremites sulcatus, C. F. Roemer: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 41, 94, 165, pl. xvi, f. 20, &
pl. xviii, f. 5. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group : Illinois, U.S.A..
[E. 8099.] Micro-section, and the two halves of the theca from
which it was cut.
--'-—-. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Chester, Illinois, U.S.A.
[E. 757 .] A large theca, and a rather weathered theca.
[E. 8155.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A very perfect theca.
[E. 8158.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Two well-preserved thecas, one
rather crushed.
—-—. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Franklin Co., Tennessee,
U.S.A. [E. 8144.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A perfect theca, with
peristomial covering-plates.
. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group : Evansville, Illinois,
U.S.A. [E. 8156.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Three thecas.

Pentremites sulcatus, K. A. Zittel, 1879, Handb. d. Palaeont. i',.
p. 432, f. 305 a- (non Roemer): v. Pentremites conoideus.
Pentremites symmetricus, J . Hall, 1858: v. Pentremites piri--
formis and var. symmetricus. '
Pentremites tennesseae, G. Troost, nom. nud., 1849, Amer. Journ.
Sci. (2) viii, p. 419; and 1850, Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1849,
p. 60. Quoted by B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis,
ii, p. 386; and by R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 145.
Pehtremites troosti. Pentremites globosus, G. Troost MS., quoted by
J. Hall, 1858, Rep. Geol. Surv. Iowa, i (2) p. 695, pl. xxv, f. 17 (non.
P. globosa, Say). Pentremites troosti, B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Aca
Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 386. “Pentremites globosus (Troost), Hall”: R. Eth
ridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 144.
WITH LIST or SPEGIMENS. 55
-——. Lower Carboniferous, Chester Group: Evansville, Illinois,
U.S.A. [E. 8161.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Three rather rolled
thecas.
. Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis Limestone: Hardin Co.‘,
Illinois, U.S.A.
[E. 8162.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Five nearly perfect thecas.
[E. 8163.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A theca with brachioles on
matrix.
[E. 8164.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Five well-preserved thecas,
labelled “ Pentremites k0ninc7rcma.”

Pentremites truncatus. Pentremites truncata, T. A. Conrad, 1844,
Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1843, (1) i, p. 334.
Pentremites varsouviensis, A. H. Worthen, 1875: v. Meta-
blastus varsouviensis.
Pentremites verneuili, G. Troost, 1841: v. Nucleocrinus ver-
neuili.
Pentremites waterhousei, J. Rofe, 1865: v. Orophocrinus pent-
angularis.
Pentremites waterhousianus, L. G. de Koninck & H. Le Hon, 1854 :
v. Orophocrinus pentangularis.
Pentremites? whitei. Pentremites whitei, J. Hall, 1862, 15th Rep.
State Cab. Nat. Hist. N .Y. p. 150. “ Genus indet.,” R. Etheridge ﬁl.
& P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 138. See also
under Pentremitidea. ﬁlosa.
Pentremites woodmani, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1868 : v. Tri-
coelocrinus woodmani.
Pentremites wortheni, J . Hall, 1858: v. Metablastus wortheni.
Pentremites sp., R. Etheridge ﬁl. (pars), 1881: v. Phaenoschisma.
benniei.
Pentremites sp., G. F. Whidborne, 1881 : v. Tricoelocrinus ? leei,
et Pentremitidea ? whidbornei.
PENTREMITIDEA, A. D. d’Orbigny, 1849, Prodr. Pal. Strat. i,
p. 102. Pentremiticlcea, A. D. d’Orbigny, 1852, Cours élém. Pal. Géol.
ii, p. 139. Pentremiticlea, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 220; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. '
Mus. p. 169. Type-species —P. paillettei.

1 This is the t e-locality; but Hall quotes the species from “ Kaskaskia Limestone ”
[=Chester Grouypl].
56 THE srncrns or nmsromna
Pentremitidea acutangula. Pentremites acutangulus, L. Schultze,
1867, Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, xxvi (2), p. 225, pl. xiii, ff. 6, 6 a—c.
Pent:-emitidea acutangula (Schultze): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Car-
penter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 223; and 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 171. '
Pentremitidea americana, W. H. Barris, 1883, Rep. Geol. Surv.
Illinois, vii, p. 363. Pentremitidea amerz'crma, Barris: R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 171.
Pentremitidea angulata, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 224; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. p. 180.
Pentreaniticlea angulata, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 224, QC; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. '
Mus. pp; 17, 104, 180, pl. iv, if. 13, 14, 16. Lower Devonian : [Cata-
logued as] “ ‘? Ferroiies, Province of Asturias, Spain”; [Registered as]
“ Sabero, Leon, Spain ” [Original label missing]. 7 92.] Trans-
ferred from Museum of Practical Geology. A theca.
. Lower Devonian: Sabero, Leon, Spain. 791.] Presented
by P. H. Carpenter. A theca which in all probability formed part
of the type-material.

Pentremitidea. clavata. Pentremites clcwatus, L. Schultze, 1867,
Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, xxvi (2), p. 225, pl. xiii, ff. 7, 7 a-e.
Pentremitidea clavata (Schultze): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1882, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 223 ; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 176.
Pentremitidea clcwata (L. Schultze): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Car-
penter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 11, 104, 176, pl. iv,
if. 17, 18. Middle Devonian, Eifel Limestone: The Eifel 1, Ger-
many. [E. 794.] A theca.
Lower Devonian: Sabero, Leon, Spain. 793.] Presented
by P. H. Carpenter. Two thecas.

Pentremitidea. clavata, var. schultzei, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 177, pl. v, ff. 3-5.
Pentremitidea olavata, var. schultzei, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 56, 93, 104, 177, pl. v, ff. 3, 4,
5, QII. Lower Devonian, Calcaire d’Arnao: Colle, near Sabero,
Leon, Spain. [E. 8124.] Presented by P. H. Carpenter. A theca,
type of var.
Pentremitidea cottaldi (Munier-Chalmas) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1883: v. Metablastus cottaldi.
Pentremitidea eifelensis. Pentrttremaﬁtes pailleti, C. F. Roemer,
1851, Arch. N aturges. xvii (i), p. 368 (pars). Pentatrematz'tes eifeliensis,
C. F. Roemer, 1855, Lethaea Geogn. Ed. iii, Theil 2, p. 280, footnote.

1 The deﬁnite locality “Nollenbach, near Kerpen,” as given in Cat. Blastoidea, is
copied from Schultze ; the source of this specimen is unknown.
wrrn LIST on srncmnns. 57
Pentremites eifeliensis (Roemer), L. Schultze, 1867, Denkschr. Akad.
Wiss. Wien, xxvi (2), p. 223, pl. xiii, ff. 5, 6, c (‘.7 5, 5, a, d, e). Pen-
tremiticlea eifelensis (Roemer): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 223 _: and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 17 4.
Pentremiticlea eifelensis (C. F. Roemer): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 11, 104, 174, pl. v,
if. 1, 2. Middle Devonian, Eifel-kalk: Gerolstein, Eifel, Germany.
[E. 8123.] A theca.
-—-——-. Middle Devonian, Eifel-kalk: Gerolstein, Eifel, Germany.
[E. 397 .] Two thecas. -
[E. 673.] Two thecas.
[E. 1204.] Presented by J . E. Lee. Thirty-two thecas.
. Middle Devonian, Eifel—kalk : Priim, Eifel, Germany. 1727.]
Presented by Frank Springer. Six thecas.

Pentremitidea ﬁlosa, J. F. Whiteaves, 1887, Contrib. Canad. Palaeont.
i, p. 104, pl. xiv, ff. 1, 1 a, lb ; “ perhaps the same as Pentremites
whitei, Hall.”
Pentremitidea ﬁlosa. ? Pentremitidea ﬁlosa, \Vhiteaves ?: S. Weller,
May 1898, Ann. N .Y. Acad. Sci. xi, pp. 122, 123, pl. xiv, f. 3.
Pentremitidea fraiponti. Pentremites fmiponti, J. Fraipont, ex G.
Dewalque, MS., 1884, Ann. Soc. géol. Belgique, xi, p. 114, pl. i, if. 6,
a—g. Pentremz'tz'cZea. fraz'19ont'£, “ Dewalque ” : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 171.
Pentremitidea. gilbertsoni, R. Etheridge ﬁl. At P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 179, pl. v, if. 9, 10, 11.
Pentrcmitidea gilbertsooci, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 179. TE. Lower Devonian: Colle, near
Sabero, Leon, Spain. [E. 662.] Presented by P. H. Carpenter.
A theca forming part of type-material but not the ﬁgured specimen.
Pentremitidea? gracilis. Pentetrematc'tes gracilis, J. v. Steininger,
1849, Jahresb. Schul-Cursus, 1848-49, Gymnas. zu Trier, p. 19. Pen-
tremitidea ? gracilis (Steininger) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 171, 181.
Pentremitidea ? leda. Pentremites Zeda, J. Hall, 1862, 15th Rep.
State Cab. Nat. Hist. N .Y. p. 149, pl. i, f. 11. Pcntremiticlea? Zeda
(Hall) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. p. 171. Gra'nat0cri'nus Zeda (Hall) : J. F. I/Vhiteaves (& C. VVachs-
muth), 1887, Contrib. Canad. Palaeont. i, p. 108, pl. xiv, if. 3, 3 a—_}‘'.
Pentremitidea? leda, var. maia. Pentremites maria, J. Hall, 1862,
15th Rep. State Cab. N at. Hist. N. Y. p. 150, pl. i, f. 10. “Genus
indet.,” R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886. Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 138. Var. of Pentremitz'cZea (vel Grancetocrivzus) Zecla,
R. P. Whitﬁeld, quoted in J. F. Whiteaves, 1887, Contrib. Canad.
Palaeont. i, p. 109.
58 THE srnoms or BLASTOIDEA
Pentremitidea lusitanica, R. Etheridge ﬁl. 8: P. H. Carpenter,
1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ( 5) ix, p. 223 ; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 173, pl. iv, if. 11, 12, 15, pl. v, f. 20, pl. x, f. 1.
Pentremiticlca lusitanica. R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882,
Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 223, 115 ; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. pp. 24, 62, 104, 173, pl. iv, ff. 11, 12, £15. Lower
Devonian, Calcaire de Ferroiies: Asturias, Spain. 789.] Trans--
ferred from Museum of Practical Geology. A theca.
Lower Devonian: Asturias, Spain. 790.] Presented by
P. H. Carpenter. Two thecas, forming part of type-material.

Pentremitidea. malladai. Pentremiticlea mallaclaa, R. Etheridge ﬁl.
& P. H. Carpenter, 1883, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) xi, p. 243. Pen-
tremﬁiclea malladai, Eth. & Carp. : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 175.
Pentremitidea malladre, R. Etheridge ﬁl. 8: P. H. Carpenter, 1883,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xi, p. 243, @E. Pentremitidea malladai,
Eth. & Carp.: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 104, 175, pl. v, if. 18, 19. Lower
Devonian, Calcaire. d’Arnao: Colle, near Sabero, Leon, Spain..
[E. 786.] Atheca.
Pentremitidea medusa, O. Jaekel, 1895, Palaeont. Abhandl. vii,
p. 12, pl. i& pl. ii, f. 2.
Pentremitidea. milwaukensis, S. Weller, May 17, 1898, Ann. N. Y.
Acad. Sci. xi, pp. 123, 124, pl. xiv, f. 5.
Pentremitidea paillettei. Pentremites pailletti, P. E. P. de Verneuil,
1844, Bull. Soc. géol. France (2) i, p. 213, pl. iii, ff. 4, 5. Pentremites-
pailletti, E. J. A. d’Archiac & P. E. P. de Verneuil, 1845, Bull. Soc. Géol.
France (2) ii, p. 479, pl. xv, if. 10, 11. Pentremitidea paillettei
(de Verneuil): A. D. d’Orbigny, 1849, Prodr. Pal. Strat. i, p. 102. Penta-
trematites pailleti, de Verneuil : C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. N aturges.
xvii (i), p. 368, pl. vii, ff. 17 a—c. Peittrenzites dutertr-52' (errore),
C. F. Roemer, op. cit. p. 374. Pentremitidea pailletti (de Verneuil) :
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5)
ix, p. 223. Pentremittdea paillettei (de Verneuil) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 172.
Pentremitidea paillettei (P. E. P. de Verneuil): R. Etheridge ﬁl. 80
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 49, 172, pl. xvii,
f. 11. Lower Devonian, Calcaire do Ferroﬁes: Asturiasl, Spain.
[E. 1062.] Longitudinal micro-section of theca.
Pentremiticlea pcrillettei (P. E. P. de Verneuil): R. Etheridge ﬁl. 80
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 104, 17 2, pl. iv,

1 This locality was said by Etheridge & Carpenter, 1886, to be unrepresented in the
Museum collection ; but this specimen and 38609 were registered and labelled
“Asturias,” and so given in Explanation to Plates.
WITH msr on srnemnns. 59
f. 8. Lower Devonian, Calcaire d’Arnao: Colle, near Sabero, Leon,
Spain [as on p. 173, not “Asturias” as in Explanation of Plate].
[E. 8126.] Transferred from Museum of Practical Geology. A
theca.
Pmtrem/iticlea _pcriZZette/Z (P. E. P. de Verneuil) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 24, 172, pl. xiv, f. 13.
Lower Devonian (‘P Calcaire de Fe1'1‘o'f1es): Asturias, Spain [as in
Explanation to Plate, not “ Colle, near Sabero, Leon ” as on p. 173].
[38609 a]. Presented by P. Pratt. A theca.
. Lower Devonian (? Calcaire dc Ferroﬁes): Asturias, Spain.
[38609] Presented by S. P. Pratt. Two thecas.
Lower Devonian: Sabero, Leon, Spain. 785.] Transferred
from Museum of Practical Geology. Eleven thecas, some out in half.


Pentremitidea. paillettei, P. H. Carpenter (pars), 1882 (non de Ver-
neuil): v. Phaenosclnisma arehiaci.
Pentremitidea. ? phillipsi. Pe'nt';-emitcs or l)entetre;;2atites ovalis,
J. Phillips, 1841, Pal. Foss. Cornwall, p. 29, pl. xiv, if. 40 (L, 5 (non
Goldfuss). Gen. et sp. indet., R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 129, 139. P61zt7'69nit2'ct6(t 1J7z.c'ZZ1'p.s:i:l,
G. F. Whidborne, 1899, Pal. Soc. for 1898, Mon. Devon. Fauna, iii (3),
p. 212, pl. xxix, if. 5, 5a, 6.
Pentremitidea plana. Pent(m~e-nzatz'tes jalrmws, G. Sandberger, 1842,
nom. nud., Neues Jahrb. f. Hin. 18-12, p. 396 ; and G. & C. L. F. Sand-
berger, 1856, Verstein. Rhein. Schichten Nassau, p. 403, pl. xxv,
ff. 4 a, 5. “An aberrant Pentreom'tirlca.,” It. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 181.
Pentremitidea roemeri. P@v"z.trem'it@s e?;fcZie'72.s-i.s', L. Schultze, 1867,
Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, xxvi (2) p. 223, pl. xiii, ff. 5, 5 (1, cl, 6
(non 5b, 0). Peiztremztirlea r*ocmewl: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Car-
penter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 175, pl. v, f. 15, 8: pl. xvi,
f. 11.
Pentremitidea. schultii (E. J. A. d’Archiac & P. E. P. de Verneuil) :.
A. D. d'Orbigny, 1849: v. Cryptoschisma schulzi.
Pentremitidea similis, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 225 ; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. p. 180, pl. v, f. 16, & pl. x, ff. 2—4.
Perz-z‘v~em'£t'icZea sim-iZ‘z's : R. Etheridge ﬁl. 8: P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. ix, p. 225, H; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. pp. 104, 180, pl. v, f. 16. Middle Devonian, Eifel-kalk: Priim,
Eifel, Germany. 788.] The Authors’ label states that this is also
the original of Cat. Blastoidea, pl. x, ff. 2, 3, 4, which is impossible.
? Middle Devonian : Gerolstein, Eifel, Germany. 2012.]
Presented by J. E. Lee. A theca.

60 THE srncrns or BLASTOIDEA
Pentremitidea. wachsmuthi, R. Etheridge ﬁl. 8: P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 178, pl. v, ff. 6—8.
Pentv~e-imlticlea wachsmuthi, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 20, 24, 37, 178, pl. v, ff. 6, 7, 8. FL
Lower Devonian, Calcaire d’Arnao: Colle, near Sabero, Leon, Spain.
[E. 787.] Presented by P. H. Carpenter. A theca.
——-—. Lower Devonian, Calcaire d’Arnao: Colle, near Sabero, Leon,
Spain. [E. 8125.] Presented by P. H. Carpenter. Two thecas, one
broken at the basi-radial sutures. They form part of type-material.
Pentremitidea whidbornei. Pentre-mites sp., G. F. )Vhidborne, 1881,
Geol. Mag. (2) viii, p. 288. Pem‘rem'£t-iclea ? w7zz'cZZ>02:'ne£, R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 130, 171,
pl. iv, f. 7. The type is in the Rev. G. F. Whidborne’s collection.
PHIENQSCHISMA, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882,
Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 226; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. p. 270. Type-species-—P. acutmn.
Phaenoschisma acutum. Penz‘atrewmtites acu-ta, G. B. Sowerby, 1834,
Zool. Journ. v, p. 456, Suppl.-pl. xxxiii, f. 6 (2 views). Pe/ntremz'te.s'
acutus, “ Gilb.”: J. Phillips, 1836, Geol. Yorksh. ii, p. 207, pl. iii, if. 4,
5, 5*“. P/ta2n0.5'ch2'.s‘7na acutum (Sowerby): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &- P. H.
Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 229 ; and 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 276, pl. xiv, ff. 10—12.
Pentazfrematites acute (G. B. Sowerby), 1834, Zool. Journ. v, p. 456,
Suppl.-pl. xxxiii, f. 6 1. Q1. Pentreimltes aeutus, “ Gilb.”: J. Phillips,
1836, Geol. Yorksh. ii, p. 207, pl. iii, if. 4, 5, .Ph(8'7L086'7L?:S'm(t
acutu.m. (G. B. Sowerby): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 276, pl. xiv, ff. 10, 11, 1.2. Lower
Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Bolland, Lancashire (pro-
bably from the Calamine Mines). 8130.] Gilbertson Coll.,
No. 75. A theca.
_ Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone : Bolland, Lau-
cashire, England. [E. 831.] Gilbertson Coll., N o. 7 5.

Pheenoschisma archiaci. Pe1m:em'iz‘-iclea przilleti (pars), P. H. Car-
Pent“, 1882, Rep. Brit. Assoc. for 1881, pt. 2, p. 634 (non de Verneuil).
Phcmzoschisma a.re7ziac~2'-, R. Etheridge ﬁl. 8: P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann.
Mag Nat“ Hist: (5) ix, P~ 230; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
P- 274. i)1- Xi, f- 7. p1- xii, f. 10, pl. xiv, if. 54‘, pl. xvii, f. 15.
Phcenosclzisma a2-club-oi, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann,
Mag Nat Hist (-5) ix. 1>- 230%; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mug,

1 Not ff. 6a-0, as quoted by Etheridge 8: Carpenter, Z00. nit. There are not
3 ﬁgures, only and these are not lettered. It was probably intended to letter the
ambulacral areas in the upper ﬁgure, but this was not done. The plate 1s rare, and
apparently was not seen by Etheridge & Carpenter.
WITH LIsT or srncmnns. 61
pp. 62, 274, pl. xiv, f. 6. Lower Devonian, Calcaire de Ferroﬁes :
Ferroﬁes, Asturias, Spain. [E. 8032.] J . Tennant Coll. A theca,
one of two type-specimens. .
Phoenoschisma archiaci, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann.
Mag. Nat. §Hist. (5) ix, p. 230, ﬁll; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. pp. 20, 89, 274, pl. xii, f. 10, & pl. xiv, ff. 5, 7. Lower
Devonian, Calcaire de Ferroﬁes: Ferroiies, Asturias, Spain. 8033.]
J. Tennant coll. A theca, one of two type-specimens.
Phrenosohisma a-rchz'aci, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 89, 274, pl. xvii, f. 15. Lower
Devonian, Calcaire de Ferroﬁes : Asturias, Spain. [E. 1061.] Lon-
gitudinal micro-section of theca.
Phamoschisma archiaci, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1.886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 275, pl. xi, f. 7. Lower Devonian, Calcaire
d’Arnao: Colle, near Sabero, Leon, Spain. [E. 8031.] Transferred
from Museum of .Practical Geology. Theca ground on top.
. Lower Devonian, Calcaire d’Arnao: Colle, near Sabero, Leon,
Spain. [E. 829.] Transferred from Museum of Practical Geology.
Seven thecas.
——-—. Lower Devonian, Calcaire de Ferroiies: Ferroﬁes, Asturias,
Spain. [E. 830.] J . Tennant Coll. Ten thecas, which probably
formed part of type-material.

Phwnoschisma. benniei. Pentremites sp., R. Etheridge ﬁl. (pars),
1881, Proc. N at. Hist. Soc. Glasgow, iv, p. 260, pl. v, f. 7. Pharma-
schisma benniei, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blas-
toidea Brit. Mus. p. 278, pl. ii, f. 37, pl. iv, ff. 5, 6.
Phamoschisma bemzici, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 278. ﬁll. Lower Carboniferous, Carboni-
ferous Limestone (Shale above No. 2 Limestone) : Kidlaw Quarries,
near Gifford, Haddingtonshire, Scotland. 666.] Presented by
P. H. Carpenter. Two thecas, forming part of type-material, but
not -ﬁgured.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone (Shale above
No. 2 Limestone); Kidlaw Quarries, Haddingtonshire, Scotland.
[E. 1114.] Presented by J. Bennie. One theca.
. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone (Shale over
No.2 Limestone): East Salton, Haddingtonshire, Scotland. [E.1115.]
Presented by J. Bennie. Six thecas.


Phaenoschisma caryophyllatum. Pentremites inﬁatus ‘?, L. G. de
Koninck, 1842, Descr. Anim. Foss. Carbonif. Belgique, p. 38 (non
Sowerby). - Pentatrematites orbignyanus ?, C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch.
Naturges. xvii (i), p. 358, pl. iv, if. 16 a—c only (non de Koninck).
Pem‘-rem/ites earyopizg/ZZatz¢s, L. G. de Koninck &. H. Le Hon, 1854, Mém.
Acad. Roy. Belgique, xxviii (2),p. 197, pl. vii, if. 3 a—c. Phcenosolrisma
caryophyllatum (de Koninck & Le Hon): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 229 ; and 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 277, pl. xiv, if. 1-4, & pl. xvi'i_,‘f. 16.
62 THE srncrns or BLASTOIDEA
[Phaenoschisma caryophyllatum, continued.]
Phaenoschisma caryophyllatum (de Koninck & Le Hon): R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 89, 227,
pl. xvii, f. 16. Lower Carboniferous, Assise des Ecaussines: Tournay,
Belgium. [E. 1053.] L. G. de Koninck Cell. A horizontal micro-
section of theca.
Phoenoschisma caryqahg/Zlatmn (de Koninck & Le Hon) : R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 16, 277,
pl. xiv, f. 1. Lower Carboniferous, Assise des Ecaussines : Tournay,
Belgium. 8034.] L. G. de Koninck Coll. A theca.
Phwnosclzisv-na caryqolzyllatum (de Koninck & Le Hon): R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 16, 57,
89, 277, pl. xiv, ff. 3, 4 (& ‘? f. 2). Lower Carboniferous, Assise des
Ecaussines: Tournay, Belgium. 8035.] L. G. de Koninck Coll.
A theca.
-——. Lower Carboniferous, Assise des Ecaussines : Tournay, Belgium.
[E. 833.] L. G. de Koninck Coll. Sixteen thecas.
[E. 8036.] L. G. de Koninck Coll. A horizontal micro-section of
the theca.
Phaenoschisma ? kentuckyense. Pentremites (Codaster ?) Z"ent'uc.7cy-
ensis, B. F. Shumard, 1858, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, i, p. 239,
pl. ix, f. 5. Codaster kentuelcycnsie (Shumard): B. F. Shumard, 1866,
Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p, 359. Phoenoschisma ?kcnt'ae7ry/ensis»
(Shumard) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. pp. 142, 273.
Phwnoschisma nobile, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1883,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xi, p. 246; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. p. 275, pl. xi, ff. 1-4.
Phamoschisma nobile, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1883, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xi, p. 246, ill ; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
pp. 30, 60, 89, 275, pl. xi, ff. 1, 4. Lower Devonian, Calcaire
d’Arnao: Colle, near Sabero, Leon, Spain. [E. 663 a.] Presented
by P. H. Carpenter. A theca, one of two type-specimens.
Phamoschisma nobile, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1883, Ann.
Mag. N at. Hist. (5) xi, p. 246, 45 ; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. pp. 30, 89, 275, pl. xi, ff. 2, 3. Lower Devonian, Calcaire
d’Arnao: Colle, near Sabero, Leon, Spain. 663 5.] Presented
by P. H. Carpenter. A theca, one of two type-specimens.
Phaenoschisma. verneuili, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882,
Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 229 ; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. p. 273, pl. x, f. 18, pl. xi, ff. 5, 6, pl. xiv, ff. 8, 9.
Phcenoschisma we-rneuz'Zi, R. Etheridge ﬁl. 8: P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann.
Mag. N at. Hist. ( 5) ix, p. 229, T1; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. pp. 62, 89, 273, pl. xi, f. 5, & pl. xiv, f. 9. Lower Devonian,
Calcaire d’Arnao: Colle, near Sabero, Leon, Spain. [E. 832.]
Transferred from Museum of Practical Geology. A theca, one of two
type-specimens. '
Q 0
0..
00
\“0
O 0
on‘!
civsa
WITH IIsT or srnernnns. 63
Phcenoschisma verneuili, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann.
Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 229, TE; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. pp. 24, 273, pl. x, f. 10, pl. xiv, f. 8. Lower Devonian, Cal-
caire d’Arnao : Colle, near Sabero, Leon, Spain. 8030.] Trans-
ferred from Museum of Practical Geology. A theca, one of two
type-specimens.
PHYLLOCRINUS, A. D. d’Crbigny, 1850, Prodr. Pal. Strat. ii,
p. 110. Type-species—-P. malbosianus. “ C’est un Pentremites,” etc.,
A. D. d’O. Long considered a Blastoid, 'but now referred to the
Crinoid family, Eugeniacrinidae.
Platycrinites pentangularis, J. S. Miller, 1821: v. Or_ophocri-
nus pentangularis.
Protocrinites foveolatus, Eichwald, 1859: v. Asteroblastus
stellatus.
SCI-IIZOBLASTUS, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882,
Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 243; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit.
Mus. p. 220. Type-species—S'. sayi.
Schizoblastus bailyi. Schizoblastus bailii, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 223, 228, pl. xvi,
ff. 12, 13.
Schizoblastus glaber (Meek & Worthen): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882: v. Mesoblastus? glaber.
Schizoblastus ? granulosus. Pentremites (Grrtncztocrintls ?) granu-
Zosus, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1865, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 1865, p. 165. Granatocrinus gramdosus, Meek & Worthen:
F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1873, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, v, p. 508,
pl. xv, f. 10. Sclvizoblastus ‘? granulosus (Meek & Worthen): R. Ethe-
ridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 247;
and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 223.
. Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk Group : Warsaw, Illinois, U.S.A.
[E. 8180.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Two thecas, one of which is
crushed.
Schizoblastus ? lotoblastus (C. A. White): B. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886 : v. Orbitremites ? lotoblastus.

Schizoblastus P magnibasis, R. R. Rowley, 1895; v. Orbitre-
mites? magnibasis.
Schizoblastus melo (D. D. Owen & B. F. Shumard): R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882 : v. Cryptoblastus melo.
Schizoblastus melonoides. Granatocrinus melonoicles, F. B. Meek
& A. H. Worthen, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1869,
p. 88; and 1873, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, v, p. 468, pl. ix, f. 1.
64 THE SPECIES OF BLASTOIDEA
[Schizob1astus melonoides, continued.]
Srhizoblastus melouoides (Meek & Worthen): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 246 ; and 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 226, pl. vi, If. 15, 16.
-———. Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone: Burlington,
Iowa, U.S.A. [E. 814.] C. \Vachsmuth Coll. A theca.
Schizoblastus ? missouriensis. Pentremites roemeri, B. F. Shumard,
1855, in Swallow’s First & Second Rep. Geol. Surv. Missouri, pt. 2,
p. 186,. pl. B, if. 2, b, c, d (non a = Orbitremites roemeri). Granatocrinus
missouriensis, B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii,
p. 375. 8ch2'z0bZastu.s~? missouriensz's (Shumard): R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 247; and 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 244. Sclzizoblastus ‘? roemeri (Shumard) :.
C. R. Keyes, 1894, Rep. Geol. Surv. Missouri, iv, p. 137 ; who includes in
it Pentremites sampsoni, Hambach (v. Schizoblastus sampsoni).
Schizoblastus ? neglectus. Granatocri-nus negleotus, F. B. Meek &
A. H. Worthen, 1869, Proc. Acad. N at. Sci. Philadelphia, 1869, p. 90;
and 1873, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, v, p. 471, pl. ix, f. 3. Schizo-
blastus? neglectus (Meek & Worthen) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Car-
penter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 246; and 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 223.
Schizoblastus pisum (Meek & Worthen): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882: v. Cryptoblastus pisum.
Schizoblastus potteri (G. Hambach): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882: v. Schizoblastus sayi.
Schizoblastus? projectus (F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen): R.
Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882: v.C'ryptob1a.stus? pro-
jectus. ~
Schizoblastus ? roemeri: v. Orbitremites ? roemeri et Schizo-
blastus ? missouriensis.
Schizoblastus rofei. Granatocrinus reﬁt, nom. nud., R. Etheridge
ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 238,
/Schizoblastus rofei, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 228, pl. vi, f. 17, pl. viii, ff. 9-11, pl. xvii, f. 2.
Sclzizoblastus rofei, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 92, 228, pl. xvii, f. 2. H. Lower Carbo-
niferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Foot of Beneachlin, Florence
Court, Fermanagh [not Wexford, as in explanation to plate], Ireland.
[E. 1059.] Presented by Lord Enniskillen. Micro-section and the
theca from which it was out. One of three type-specimens.
Schizoblastus rofct, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 15, 228, pl. vi, f. 17 . H. Lower Carbo-
niferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Foot of Beneachlin, Florence
WITH LIST or srncrmnns. 65
P‘
Court, F ermanagh, Ireland. 8042.] Presented by Lord Ennis-
killen. An imperfect, much weathered theca. One of three type-
specrmens.
/8'chizobZastas rofei, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 29, 62, 110, 228, pl. viii, ff. 9, 10, 11. H.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Foot of Beneachlin,
Florence Court, Fermanagh, Ireland. 8043.] Presented by
Lord Enniskillen. A small theca, with a little adherent matrix ; one
of three type-specimens.
. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Foot of Ben-
eachlin, Florence Court, Fermanagh, Ireland. 817 Pre-
sented by Lord Enniskillen. Fifteen thecas, forming part of type-
material, but not ﬁgured.

Schizoblastus P samp:-roni. Pentremites sampsoni, G. Hambach, 1884,
Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, iv, pp. 551, 552, pl. D,ff. 2, 2a. Schizoblastus?
sampsoni (Hambach): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 223. Syn. of Schizoblrwtus ‘? roemeri (Shumard) :
C. R. Keyes, 1894, Rep. Geol. Surv. Missouri, iv, p. 137; and S. A.
Miller, 1897, Second Appendix to N. Amer. Geol. & Palaeont. p. 749
(v. S. missouriensis).
Schizoblastus sayi. Pentremites sayi, B. F. Shumard, 1855, in
Swallow’s First & Second Rep. Geol. Surv. Missouri, pt. 2, p. 185,
pl. B, ff. 1, a—cl. Granatocrinus sayi (Shumard) : B. F. Shumard, 1866,
Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 376. Pentremites pottcri, G. Ham-
bach, 1880, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, iv, p. 156, pl. B, f. 4. Schizo-
blastus sag/i (Shumard): -R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1882,
Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (5) ix, p. 246; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 223, footnote, p. 224, pl. iii, if. 1—3, pl. vi, f. 18, pl. x, f. 17,
pl. xvii, f. 1 ; also as Schizoblastus pottcri (Hambach), op. cit. p. 142.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone: Burlington,
Iowa, U.S.A.
[E. 815.] C. Wachsmuth Coll. Five thecas, two ground on top.
[E. 816.] L. Saemann Coll. Five specimens, 3 whole and 2 half
thecas.
[E. 8179.] T. A. Worthen Coll. Two thecas, one in chert, a
weathered internal cast.
Lower Carboniferous, Upper Burlington Limestone (Chert) :
Louisiana, Mo., U.S.A. [E. 8005.] R. R. Rowley coll. Three thecas.


Schizoblastus ? shumardi. Granatocrinus shwnarcli, F. ‘B. Meek &
A. H. Worthen, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 1866, p. 257 ;
and 1868, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, iii. p. 498, pl. xviii, f. 6 b. Schizo-
blastus ? slnmmrcli (Meek & Worthen): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Car-
penter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 223; also as Zllesoblastus ?
shwmarcli on pp. 244, 245.
Schizoblastus sp. Lower Carboniferous, Keokuk Group: Warsaw,
Illinois, U.S.A. [E. 8188.] T. A. Worthen Coll. A small theca,
probably young.
F
66 THE SPECIES or BLASTOIDEA
STEGANOBLASTUS. Astrocystites, J. F. Whiteaves, July 1897,
Canad. Rec. Sci. vii, p. 287 (non Aster-ocystis, Haeckel). Steganoblastus,
J. F. Whiteaves, Jan. 1898, Canad. Rec. Sci. vii, p. 395. Type-species
—S. ottawaensis.
Steganoblastus canadensis, J. F. Whiteaves, 1898: v. Stega.no-
blastus ottawaensis.
Steganoblastus ottawaensis. Astrocystites ottawacnsis, J. F. Whit-
eaves, July 1897 , Canad. Rec. Sci. vii, p. 287, if. 1-3. /8'tcgan0blct.s'tws
canadensis, J. F. Whiteaves, J an. 1898, Canad. Rec. Sci. vii, p. 395.
STEPHANOCRINUS, T. A. Conrad, 1842, Journ. Acad. N at. Sci.
Philadelphia, viii, p. 278. Type-species-8. angulatus. This genus is
now referred to the Crinoidea, and the names of undoubted Crinoid
' species are not quoted in the present list.
Stephanocrinus pentalobus (Hall): S. A. Miller, 1889: v. Meta-
blastus? pentalobus. ~
Stephanocrinus pulchellus (S. A. Miller & C. B. Dyer): S. A.
Miller, 1889 : v. Codaster pulchellus.
TRICCELOCRINUS, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1868, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia for 1868, p.358; and 1873, Geol. Surv.
Illinois, v, p. 507 (as subgenus of Pentremites). Tricoelocrinus, Meek 8t
Worthen: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1883, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist. (5) xi, p. 242; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 203.
Type-species—-T. woodmani.
Tricoelocrinus ? carpenteri, R. Etheridge ﬁl., 1892, in R. Etheridge
& R. L. Jack, Geol. & Palaeont. Queensland, p. 212, pl. xliv, f. 3.
Tricoelocrinus? laterniformis. Pentremites Zaterniﬁrmis, D. D.
Owen & B. F. Shumard, 1850, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia (2)
ii, p. 66, pl. vii, f. 15. “ Troosticrinus Zaterniformis [Owen & Shumard]
(=Pentat-rcmitcs obliquatus, Roemer) : B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad.
Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 384. “ Pentremites later-niformis [Owen & Shu-
mard] (=P. sulcatus, Roemer)”: G. Hambach, 1880, Trans. Acad.
Sci. St. Louis, iv, p. 147. “ Internal cast of Pmitrcmitcs? sp. indet.,”
R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
pp. 156, 192. Trooszfocrinus Zaterniformis (Owen 8c Shumard): S. A.
Miller, 1892, First Appendix to N. Amer. Geol. & Palaeont. p. 682.
Tricmlocrinus ? leei, G. F. Whidborne, 1889, Geol. Mag. (3) vi, p. 80.
Pentremites sp., G. F. Whidborne, 1881, Geol. Mag. (2) viii, p. 288;
“fragmentary specimen . . . . in the collection of Mr. J. E. Lee.”
Mctablastus sp., “has much the aspect of a Tricoclocrinus or
WITH LIs'r or srnernnns. 67
lV[etabZastas,” R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blas-
toidea Brit. Mus. pp. 130, 139, 198. Tr-icaeZoc1"inus? Zeci, G. F.
Whidborne, 1889, Geol. Mag. (3) vi, p. 80. H. Middle Devonian
(Tor Bay Limestone): Barton, 8. Devon, England. [E. 1044.]
Presented by J. E. Lee. Imperfect theca, unique specimen.
Tricoelocrinus meekianus, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 208, pl. xvi, if. 17, 18.
Tricccloc:'rin/as mcelcicmas, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 197, 204, 2-08, pl. xvi, if. 17, 18. H.
Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis Group (Warsaw Limestone): Spergen
Hill, Indiana, U.S.A. 824.] A theca.
Tricoelocrinus ololiquatus. Pc-nta.t2'cmctt'itcs oZ>Z'z'([aatus, C. F. Roemer,
1851, Arch. Naturges. xvii (i), p. 367, pl. vi, f. 11, a, 6 (includes
Pentremites occidcntalis, B. F. Shumard MS., ﬁde Roemer). Pentremites
obZigz,tat'as, Roemer : F. Dujardin & H. Hupé, 1862, Hist. Nat. Echinod.
p. 97. Ql’ric<2eZocr'imi.s OZ)Zt(1‘2(.(l.t?.(8 (Roemer): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1883, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xi, p. 243; and 1886, Cat.
Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 206, pl. xviii, ff. 10-13.
T'ri(:0eZocr'i'nu,s obliguatus (Roemer): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 95, 206, pl. xviii, ff. 10, 11.
Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis Group (Warsaw Limestone) : Wash-
ington Co., Indiana, U.S.A. 823.] A radial.
Trio-oelocrimts ()bZiq'ua.tu.s (Roemer) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
' 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 95, 206, pl. xviii, ff. 12, 13.
Lower Carboniferous, St. Louis Group (\Varsaw Limestone) : VVash-
ington Co., Indiana, U.S.A. 8093.] Lower part of right anterior
radial.
Tricoelocrinus obliquatus, F. B. Meek & A. H. Wo1‘then, 1875,
Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, vi, p. 521, pl. xxxi, if. 4 (1., 6 (non Roemer):
v. Tricoelocrinus sp.
Tricmlocrinus varsouviensis, A. H. VVo1'tl1en, 1875: v. Meta-
blastus varsouviensis.
Tricoelocrinus woodmani. Pentremites (Troostocrin-us‘? vel TricocZo-
crinus ?) wooclmrmi, F. B. Meek & A. H. \Vorthen, 1869, Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Philadelphia for 1868, p. 356 ; and 1873, Geol. Surv. Illinois,
v, p. 506, pl. xvi, f. 4. T'ric0eZoc2'inus 2.ooocZmcmi, & \V.: R. Ethe-
ridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1883, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) xi, p. 242;
and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 206, pl. xix, ff. 13-16.
Triccclocrimis Qv00(Zm(lii'i (Meek & ‘Wort-hen): F. A. Bather, 1899, in
Lankester’s Zoology, Cap. Blastoidea, f. xv, 2. Lower Carboniferous :
Canton, Indiana, U.S.A. 8171.] T. A. Worthen Cell. A good
theca.
68 THE srncrns or BLASTOIDEA
Tricmlocrinus sp. Lower Carboniferous (probably St. Louis Group):
Canton, Indiana, U.S.A. 8187.] T. A. )Vorthen Coll. A rather
weathered theca in chert. Probably the same as T):zTca’Zoc1~2T1z.u.s obli-
qaatus, Meek & Worthen, non Roemer.
TROOSTOCRINUS. Troosz‘/icrin.us, B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans.
Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii. p. 384, footnote. 1/‘rooster-rin.us, Shumard:
F. B. Meek & A. H. Vlforthen, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia
for 1868, p. 356; and 1873, Rep. Geol. Surv. Illinois, v. p. 507 (as
subgenus of Pen.Z‘/rc');'2,it6S). T:'00st0c)‘im.¢s, Shumard: R. Etheridge ﬁl. 8:
P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 247; and 1886,
Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 191. Type-species—T. rcimcarclt-i.
Troostocrinus bipyramidalis (J. Hall): Shumard, 1866: v.
Metablastus bipyramidalis.
Troostocrinus ? clavatus (G. Hambach) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882: v. Pentremites clavatus.
Troostocrinus cottaldi (Hunier-Chalmas) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1883: v. Metablastus cottaldi.
T roostocrinus ? grosvenori. Pentremites (C/‘7'08'U677.07’?:, B. F. Shumard,
1858,Trans. Acad. Sci. St.Louis, i, p. 240, pl. ix, ff. 2a-(Z. T/'o0sticrinus'?
tr/rosvcnoﬂ, B. F. Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. St. Louis, ii, p. 384,
footnote. Troostocrinus? g?:osvcn0'ri, Shumard : R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5) ix, p. 249 ; and
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 194.
Troostocrinus hispanicus, R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1883 :
v. Metablastus hispanicus.
Troostocrinus laterniformis (Owen & Shumard): B. F. Shumard,
1866: v. Tricoelocrinus laterniformis.
Troostocrinus lineatus (Shumard): B. F. Shumard, 1866: v. Meta-
blastus lineatus.
Troostocrinus nitidulus, S. A. Miller & W. F. E. Gurley, 1890,
Descr. new gen. and sp. Echinodermata, p. 58, Danville, Ill.; and
1891,Rep. Geol. Surv. Indiana, xvi, for 1888, p. 373; and pl. ix, ff. 14,15,
pl. x, f. 14, of both publications.
Troostocrinus reinwardti. Penzfrcmiicsrcinwarrltii, G. Troost, 1835,
Trans. Geol. Soc. Pennsylvania, i, p.224, pl. x, ff. 10, 11. Pcnta.t-rema-
tites reinwa.rcZtii. Troost: C. F. Roemer, 1851, Arch. Naturges. xvii (i),
p. 372, pl. vi, ff. 12 a-c. Tro0sticr2'mz.s 'rei.mca:rcZtii (Troost): B. F.
Shumard, 1866, Trans. Acad. Sci. Louis, ii, p. 384, footnote
Tro0stocri'mis rcimoarrltii (Troost) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. 6: P. H. Carpenter,
1882, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ix, p. 249. Troostocrinus reinu'm~(Zz‘i
wrrn LIST OF srncrmnns. 69
(Troost): B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea
Brit. Mus. p. 194, Text-ﬁg. vii, pl. xii, ff. 11, 12, pl. xvii, f. 17.
Troostocrinus rez'mcav~cltz' (G. Troost) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 36, 194, pl. xii, f. 11. Silurian,
Niagara Group : Decatur Co., W. Tennessee, U.S.A. 8094.]
A theca.
Troostocrinu-s reinwardti (G. Troost) : B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 93, 194, pl. xii, f. 12 : Silurian,
Niagara Group : Decatur Co., W. Tennessee, U.S.A. [E. 8095.]
A theca.
Troostocm'nus reinwarclti (G. Troost) : R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 94, 194, pl. xvii, f. 17 : Silurian,
Niagara Group: Decatur Co., W. Tennessee, U.S.A. [E. 8096.]
A micro-section and the theca from which it was cut.
-——. Silurian, Niagara Group: Decatur Co., W. Tennessee, U.S.A.
[E. 825.] A theca.
Troostocrinus subcylindricus (Hall & Worthen): S. A. Miller,
1889: v. Metablastus ? subcylindricus.
Troostocrinus subtruncatus (J . Hall): R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H.
Carpenter, 1882: v. Codaster? subtruncatus.
Troostocrinus wachsmuthi, W. F. E. Gurley, 1884: v. Meta-
blastus wachsmuthi.
Troostocrinus ? woodmani, F. B. Meek & A. H. Worthen, 1868:
v. Tricoelocrinus woodmani.
Troostocrinus wortheni (J . Hall): B. F. Shumard, 1866: v. Meta-
blastus wortheni.
ZYGOCRINUS. Astracrinites, T. & T. Austin, 1842, Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. (1) x, p. 110 (nom. nud.). Astrocrénites, T. & T. Austin,
March 1843, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) xi, p. 206. Zygocrinu-5‘, H. G.
Bronn, 1848, Index Pal., Nomenclator, p. 1381. Zygocrinus, C. F.
Roemer, 1851, Arch. N aturges. xvii (i), p. 390. Astrocrinus, emend.,
B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus.
p. 297. Type-species —Z. tetragonus.
Zygocrinus benniei. Astrocrinites benniei, R. Etheridge ﬁl., 187 6,
Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. xxxii, p. 103. Astrocrinus benniei, R. Etheridge
ﬁl.: B. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1883, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist.
(5) xi, p. 237; and 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 301, pl. xix,
f. 1, pl. xx, ff. 3-20.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone, Shale over No. 2
Limestone : E. Salton, Haddingtonshire, Scotland.
[E. 667.] Presented by P. H. Carpenter. Ten specimens.
[E. 1113.] Presented by J. Bennie. Eight specimens.

70 THE srncms or BLASTOIDEA.
[Zygocrinus benniei, continued.]
—. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone, Shale over No. 2 '
Limestone : Skateraw, near Dunbar, Scotland. 1111.] Presented
by J. Bennie. Four specimens.
——-—. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone, Shale over No. 2
Limestone: Kidlaw, Haddingtonshire, Scotland. 1112.] Pre-
sented by J. Bennie. Seven specimens.
Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone, Shale over No. 2
Limestone : Carlops Quarry, Peebleshire, Scotland. [E. 1378.]
In exchange from Geol. Survey, Scotland. Twenty-one specimens.

Zygocrinus tetragonus. Astracrinites tetmgonus, nom. nud., T. &
T. Austin, 1842, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (1) x, p. 110. Astr0crz'm'tes
tetragonus, T. & T. Austin, March 1843, Ann. Mag. N at. Hist. (1) xi,
p. 206. Zygocrinus tetragonus (Austin): H. G. Bronn, 1848, Index
Pal., Nomenclator, p. 1381. Astrom-inus tetragonus, Austin: R. Ethe-
ridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 300.
Astrocrinus tetragonus, Austin: R. Etheridge ﬁl., 1876, Quart. Journ.
Geol. Soc. xxxii, pp. 109, 114, pl. xiii, f. 26; and R. Etheridge ﬁl. &
P. H. Carpenter, 1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. pp. 26, 300, p1.xx,
ff. 1, 2. Lower Carboniferous, Carboniferous Limestone: Yorkshire,
England. [_75995.] Specimen identiﬁed and presented by Major
Austin.
Astrocrinus tetragonus, Austin: R. Etheridge ﬁl. & P. H. Carpenter,
1886, Cat. Blastoidea Brit. Mus. p. 300. Lower Carboniferous,
Carboniferous Limestone: Settle, Yorkshire, England. 850.]
A perfect theca.
UNIV. OF I" zanioas,
MAY 1 o 1913

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
UN\VERS\TY OF M\CH\GAN

\\\\\\\\\ \\\\ \\\ \\\\\\\\\ \\\\\\\\\ \\\\\ \\\\\\\
3 9015 06197 6455

\\\

‘K CARD" Q5 W I
#3
" --~-~/W “B4 , ._ _§’_5]/_07___~ZgZ_;
TITLE J.S7_‘_4fl.7ﬂe._6>€zz€£d.-r__\Yp-¢ci¢3
4_-_-_A7_L_----Z;./d$-ZZ/Idea .....
SIGNATURE ‘ * - — - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ __

~_1111111/luliﬁmijm" ,
390
1% ,
~ f‘~41:,